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6,238 | -1,868,477,002,958,455,800 | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) - wikipedia Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) For other Thoroughbred Triple Crowns , see Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing . Justify , the 13th winner , at the 2018 Preakness Stakes . In the United States , the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing , commonly known as the Triple Crown , is a title awarded to a three - year - old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes , and Belmont Stakes . The three races were inaugurated in different years , the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875 . These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year . The Triple Crown Trophy , commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950 , is awarded to a Triple Crown winner . The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919 . Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to the three races as early as 1923 , but it was not until Gallant Fox won the three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of the Daily Racing Form put the term into common use . In the history of the Triple Crown , 13 horses have won all three races : Sir Barton ( 1919 ) , Gallant Fox ( 1930 ) , Omaha ( 1935 ) , War Admiral ( 1937 ) , Whirlaway ( 1941 ) , Count Fleet ( 1943 ) , Assault ( 1946 ) , Citation ( 1948 ) , Secretariat ( 1973 ) , Seattle Slew ( 1977 ) , Affirmed ( 1978 ) , American Pharoah ( 2015 ) , and Justify ( 2018 ) . As of 2018 , American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners . James E. `` Sunny Jim '' Fitzsimmons was the first trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once ; he trained both Gallant Fox and his son Omaha for the Belair Stud breeding farm . Gallant Fox and Omaha are the only father - son duo to win the Triple Crown . Bob Baffert became the second trainer to win the Triple Crown twice , training American Pharoah and Justify . Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as the owners with the most Triple Crown victories with two apiece . Calumet Farms won with Whirlaway and Citation . Eddie Arcaro rode both of Calumet Farms ' Triple Crown champions and is the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown . Secretariat holds the stakes record time for each of the three races . His time of 2 : 24 for 1 ⁄ miles in the 1973 Belmont Stakes also set a world record that still stands . Contents 1 Development 2 Winners 2.1 Records 2.2 Other notable achievements 3 Gaps between wins 4 Unsuccessful bids 5 Sponsorship and broadcasting 6 Individual race winners 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Development ( edit ) The three Triple Crown races had been run for decades before the series received its name ; the Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867 ; the Preakness , in 1873 ; and the Kentucky Derby , in 1875 . The term was in use at least by 1923 , although Daily Racing Form writer Charles Hatton is commonly credited with originating the term in 1930 . Their order has varied . Before 1931 , the Preakness was run before the Kentucky Derby eleven times . On May 12 , 1917 , and May 13 , 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day . Since 1931 , the Kentucky Derby has been run first , followed by the Preakness , and then the Belmont . Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies . Although fillies have won each of the individual Triple Crown races , none has won the Triple Crown itself . Despite attempts to develop a `` Filly Triple Crown '' or a `` Triple Tiara '' for fillies only , no set series of three races has consistently remained in the public eye , and at least four different configurations of races have been used . Two fillies won the series of the Kentucky Oaks , the Pimlico Oaks ( now the Black - Eyed Susan Stakes ) , and the Coaching Club American Oaks , in 1949 and 1952 , but the racing press did not designate either accomplishment as a `` triple crown '' . In 1961 , the New York Racing Association created a filly triple crown of in - state races only , but the races changed over the years . Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993 . Gelded colts may run in any of the three races today , but they were prohibited from entering the Belmont between 1919 and 1957 . Geldings have won each of the individual races , but like fillies , no gelding has ever won the Triple Crown . The closest was Funny Cide , who won the Derby and the Preakness in 2003 . All the races are held on dirt tracks , rather than the turf commonly used for important races in Europe . Triple Crown races Race Date Current Track Location Distance Background Cite Trophy Kentucky Derby `` The Run for the Roses '' First Saturday in May Churchill Downs Louisville , Kentucky 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,000 m ) Inaugurated in 1875 , the race was originally 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) until 1896 when it was shortened to its current distance . It is the only one of the three races to have been continuously run from its inception . Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds ( 57 kg ) and fillies 121 pounds ( 55 kg ) . The field has been limited to 20 horses since 1975 . The Kentucky Derby Trophy Preakness Stakes `` The Run for the Black - Eyed Susans '' Third Saturday in May Pimlico Race Course Baltimore , Maryland 1 ⁄ miles ( 1,900 m ) Started in 1873 and continuously run since 1894 , it is the shortest of the three races . Pimlico was the home of the race from 1873 to 1889 and again from 1908 until the present . The Preakness was not run from 1891 to 1893 . Weights are the same as for the Derby . Field is limited to 14 horses . The Woodlawn Vase Belmont Stakes `` The Test of the Champion '' Third Saturday following the Preakness ( first or second Saturday in June ) Belmont Park Elmont , New York 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) Begun in 1867 , it is the oldest of the three races and the longest , though not held in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-gambling legislation in New York . Race was held at various New York tracks until 1905 when Belmont Park became the permanent location . Distance varied from 1 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,600 to 1,800 m ) until set at 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) in 1926 . Weight assignments are the same as the other two races . Field is limited to 16 horses . The August Belmont Trophy Winners ( edit ) The Triple Crown Trophy The sixth winner , Count Fleet , in the 1943 Kentucky Derby The seventh winner , Assault in 1946 with Warren Mehrtens , jockey Triple Crown winners Year Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Colors 1919 Sir Barton Johnny Loftus H. Guy Bedwell J.K.L. Ross John E. Madden 1930 Gallant Fox Earl Sande Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1935 Omaha Willie `` Smokey '' Saunders Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1937 War Admiral Charles Kurtsinger George Conway Samuel D. Riddle Samuel D. Riddle 1941 Whirlaway Eddie Arcaro Ben A. Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1943 Count Fleet Johnny Longden Don Cameron Fannie Hertz Fannie Hertz 1946 Assault Warren Mehrtens Max Hirsch King Ranch King Ranch 1948 Citation Eddie Arcaro Horace A. `` Jimmy '' Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1973 Secretariat Ron Turcotte Lucien Laurin Meadow Stable Meadow Stable 1977 Seattle Slew Jean Cruguet William H. Turner , Jr . Mickey and Karen L. Taylor , Tayhill Stable / Jim Hill , et al . Ben S. Castleman 1978 Affirmed Steve Cauthen Laz Barrera Harbor View Farm Harbor View Farm 2015 American Pharoah Victor Espinoza Bob Baffert Ahmed Zayat Ahmed Zayat 2018 Justify Mike Smith Bob Baffert China Horse Club Head of Plains Partners Starlight Racing WinStar Farm John D. Gunther and † † During his 2018 bid for the Triple Crown , Justify used the colors of WinStar Farms ( white , green and black star ) for the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes . The colors of China Horse Club ( red , yellow stars and sleeves ) were used in the Belmont Stakes . At completion of the 2016 season , the three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 entrants . Of these , 292 horses have won a single leg of the Triple Crown , 52 horses have won two of the races ( 23 the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , 18 the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes , and 11 the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes ) , and 13 horses have won all three races . Pillory won both the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922 , a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were run on the same day . 10 of the 13 winners have been `` homebreds '' , owned at the time of their win by their breeders . Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are the only two trainers to have two horses win the Triple Crown , with Fitzsimmons training the sire / son combination of 1930 winner Gallant Fox and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert training 2015 winner American Pharoah and 2018 winner Justify . The wins by Fitzsimmons were also the first time that an owner and the first time that a breeder , Belair Stud holding both duties , had a repeat win of the Triple Crown . Calumet Farm is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses , 1941 winner Whirlaway and 1948 winner Citation . Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey to ride two horses to the Triple Crown , both for Calumet , Whirlaway and Citation . Those two horses ' trainers , Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones , were father and son . All 13 horses , and most owners , trainers , and jockeys were born in the United States . The exceptions were jockey Johnny Longden , born in England and raised in Canada ; French - born jockey Jean Cruguet ; trainer Laz Barrera , from Cuba ; and jockey Victor Espinoza , from Mexico . Secretariat 's trainer , Lucien Laurin and jockey , Ron Turcotte were both Canadians . Owner Fannie Hertz was married to John D. Hertz , who was born in Slovakia ; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt . Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he grew up and established his career there , but was born in Montana . The horse Sir Barton was foaled in the United States but had a Canadian owner , J.K.L. Ross , at the time of his Triple Crown win , while Justify 's owners were from both the United States and China . Records ( edit ) Secretariat holds the stakes record for each of the Triple Crown races , the Kentucky Derby ( 1 : 59 2 / 5 ) , the Preakness Stakes ( 1 : 53 ) , and the Belmont Stakes ( 2 : 24 ) . At 18 , Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Affirmed in 1978 . At 52 , Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Justify in 2018 . Other notable achievements ( edit ) Only one horse , Alydar , has placed ( finished second ) in all three races . He was defeated by Affirmed in all three races in 1978 by a combined margin of two lengths . His trainer John Veitch is the only trainer to have done this with one horse . In 1995 , D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only major figure ( owner , jockey , or trainer ) to win all three Triple Crown races with different horses , Thunder Gulch in the Derby and Belmont , Timber Country in the Preakness . Lukas also is the only trainer to have won six straight Triple Crown races , adding his 1995 wins , having won the 1994 Preakness and Belmont with Tabasco Cat and the 1996 Derby with Grindstone . Like Veitch , only with two different horses , Bob Baffert also had second - place finishes in all three legs of the Triple Crown , both owned by Ahmed Zayat : in 2012 , Bodemeister finished second in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness stakes to I 'll Have Another , then Paynter was entered and finished second to Union Rags . Baffert and Zayat teamed up again for the 2015 Triple Crown victory of American Pharoah . Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to sire another U.S. Triple Crown winner , Omaha . Affirmed sired Peteski , winner of the 1993 Canadian Triple Crown . Whirlaway , in addition to winning the 1941 Triple Crown , also won the Travers Stakes that year , becoming the first and only horse to date to accomplish that feat . American Pharoah , in addition to winning the 2015 Triple Crown , also won the Breeders ' Cup Classic that year . As the Breeders ' Cup was not established until 1984 , American Pharoah was the first ( and , as of 2018 , only ) horse to sweep all four races , a feat that came to be known as the Grand Slam . Gaps between wins ( edit ) California Chrome ( second from right ) was stepped on by the number 3 horse while leaving the starting gate at the 2014 Belmont Stakes After the first Triple Crown winner , Sir Barton , in 1919 , there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930 , a gap of 11 years . Between 1930 and 1948 , seven horses won the Triple Crown , with five years being the longest gap between winners . However , following the 1948 win of Citation , there was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973 . Between 1973 and 1978 , there were three Triple Crown winners . After Affirmed 's Triple Crown in 1978 , the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Spectacular Bid 's failed Triple Crown attempt at the Belmont Stakes , and lasted until American Pharoah won in 2015 . Between 1979 and 2014 thirteen horses won both the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , but either failed to win the Belmont Stakes or could not start in the race . Of those , Real Quiet came the closest to winning the Triple Crown , losing the Belmont Stakes by a nose in 1998 . Spectacular Bid finished 3rd in 1979 . Pleasant Colony finished 3rd in 1981 . Alysheba finished 4th in 1987 . Sunday Silence finished 2nd in 1989 . Real Quiet finished 2nd in 1998 . Charismatic finished 3rd in 1999 . War Emblem finished 8th in 2002 . Funny Cide finished 3rd in 2003 . Smarty Jones finished 2nd in 2004 . Big Brown did not finish in 2008 . I 'll Have Another did not start ( injury ) 2012 . California Chrome finished 4th in 2014 . In the 1979 - 2015 period , horses who contested all three races , losing the Kentucky Derby but winning the Preakness and the Belmont were Risen Star in 1988 , Hansel in 1991 , Tabasco Cat in 1994 , Point Given in 2001 , and Afleet Alex in 2005 . In 1984 , Swale and in 1995 , Thunder Gulch ran all three races , winning the Derby and the Belmont , but not the Preakness . The 37 - year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system . As far back as 1986 , reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage . In 2003 , Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of the tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes . California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014 ; he considered the system to be unfair , arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at the Belmont . By 2014 , six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown . Additionally , from 2006 to 2014 , the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness . American Pharoah was the first Belmont winner since Afleet Alex in 2005 to have run all three Triple Crown races . Unsuccessful bids ( edit ) Big Brown , the winner of the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , at the 2008 Belmont Stakes , where he was pulled up and did not finish . Since all three races were inaugurated , as of 2017 , 23 horses have won the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont : 1932 : Burgoo King did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1936 : Bold Venture did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1944 : Pensive was the first horse to contest but lose the Belmont after winning the first two legs . He placed second to Bounding Home , who had neither run in the Derby nor the Preakness . 1958 : Tim Tam , defeated by six lengths by Cavan , who had neither contested the Derby nor Preakness . 1961 : Carry Back , `` sore '' after the race , was seventh of nine entries , 14 ⁄ lengths behind the winner , a longshot named Sherluck . 1964 : Northern Dancer , defeated by Quadrangle . 1966 : Kauai King , defeated by Amberoid . 1968 : Forward Pass , defeated by Stage Door Johnny by 1 ⁄ lengths . 1969 : Majestic Prince , second by 5 ⁄ lengths to Arts and Letters . Loss attributed to fatigue and lameness . 1971 : Cañonero II , fourth in the Belmont to 34 -- 1 longshot Pass Catcher , the loss attributed to a hoof problem . 1979 : Spectacular Bid , third in Belmont , was alleged to have stepped on a safety pin the morning of the race , though another theory blamed rider error by an inexperienced young jockey moving him too soon . He finished 3 ⁄ lengths behind Coastal and a neck behind the second - place horse , Golden Act . 1981 : Pleasant Colony , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Summing and the second - place horse , Highland Blade . 1987 : Alysheba finished fourth in Belmont behind Bet Twice , Cryptoclearance , and Gulch . 1989 : Sunday Silence , second in Belmont , eight lengths behind Easy Goer . 1997 : Silver Charm , second in Belmont , ⁄ length behind Touch Gold . 1998 : Real Quiet , second in Belmont after a photo finish , a nose behind Victory Gallop . 1999 : Charismatic , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Lemon Drop Kid and second - place Vision and Verse . Charismatic was pulled up soon after the finish , vanned off with a bone fracture . He survived and was retired to stud . 2002 : War Emblem stumbled at gate in Belmont , finished eighth out of 11 . Winner Sarava scored upset at record odds of 70 - 1 . 2003 : Funny Cide , third in Belmont , five lengths behind Empire Maker , and 4 ⁄ lengths behind second - place horse , Ten Most Wanted . 2004 : Smarty Jones , second in Belmont , one length behind Birdstone . 2008 : Big Brown was pulled up in the home stretch of the Belmont , eased to a last - place finish . Winner was Da ' Tara . A hoof problem had limited Big Brown 's training , and may have been a factor in his defeat . 2012 : I 'll Have Another was scratched from the Belmont the day before the race due to a tendon injury . 2014 : California Chrome finished in a dead heat for 4th in the Belmont after being stepped on by another horse leaving the gate and running the race with an injury to his heel and a scrape on his tendon . Sponsorship and broadcasting ( edit ) Main article : United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing on television Originally , the three races largely organized their own nominations procedure , marketing and television broadcast rights . In 1985 , Triple Crown Productions was created when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of a financial incentive offered to any Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey . The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together . Efforts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated a deal with Chrysler to pay $5 million to any horse that swept all three races , and $1 million each year there was no Triple Crown sweep to the horse with the highest combined Triple Crown finish . This sponsorship lasted until 1993 . The end of the $1 million participation bonus was linked to the breakdown of Prairie Bayou at the Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that arose when the Kentucky Derby winner , Sea Hero , was given the bonus following a seventh - place finish . In 1995 , Visa USA took over the sponsorship with a 10 - year contract , naming the series the Visa Triple Crown and offering only the $5 million bonus to a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown . Along with sponsorship by VISA , NBC Sports paid $51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races , with the revenue split giving 50 % of the total to Churchill Downs and 25 % each to Pimlico and to the New York Racing Association ( NYRA ) . The Visa deal -- and the cooperative effort -- ended after 2005 . The NYRA felt that they did not get a fair share of the revenue , particularly when the Belmont had the highest ratings of all three races in the years where a Triple Crown was on the line . From 2001 through 2013 , average viewership for the Belmont was 7 million when the Triple Crown was not at stake , whereas viewership averaged 13 million when it was . With the contract term ending , the NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for the 2006 Belmont , while the broadcasts of the Derby and Preakness remained with NBC . Visa chose to remain as a sponsor of only Kentucky Derby for the next five years . As a result of the divided broadcast , Triple Crown Productions was unable to obtain a new sponsor . Years Sponsor Bonuses 1987 -- 1993 Chrysler Corporation $1 million ( best overall record ) $5 million ( three wins ) 1995 -- 2005 Visa USA $5 million ( three wins ) 2006 -- present Triple Crown Productions None In February 2011 , ABC / ESPN dropped out of the negotiations to renew broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes . NBC obtained the contract through 2015 , once again uniting all three races on the same network . In 2014 , NBC extended their contract for the Kentucky Derby through 2025 . As of August 2015 , NBC obtained a broadcast contract for the Belmont through 2020 and the Preakness through 2022 . Individual race winners ( edit ) See also : Triple Crown Productions § Highest combined Triple Crown finish Key for full list of race winners Denotes winners of the Triple Crown * Denotes winners of the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont # Denotes other winners of any other combination of 2 out of the 3 Triple Crown races Full list of race winners Year Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes 1867 Ruthless 1868 General Duke 1869 Fenian 1870 Kingfisher 1871 Harry Bassett 1872 Joe Daniels 1873 Survivor Springbok 1874 Culpepper Saxon 1875 Aristides Tom Ochiltree Calvin 1876 Vagrant Shirley Algerine 1877 Baden - Baden # Cloverbrook # Cloverbrook 1878 Day Star # Duke of Magenta # Duke of Magenta 1879 Lord Murphy Harold Spendthrift 1880 Fonso # Grenada # Grenada 1881 Hindoo # Saunterer # Saunterer 1882 Apollo Vanguard Forester 1883 Leonatus Jacobus George Kinney 1884 Buchanan Knight of Ellerslie Panique 1885 Joe Cotton Tecumseh Tyrant 1886 Ben Ali The Bard Inspector B 1887 Montrose Dunboyne Hanover 1888 Macbeth II Refund Sir Dixon 1889 Spokane Buddhist Eric 1890 Riley Montague Burlington 1891 Kingman Foxford 1892 Azra Patron 1893 Lookout Commanche 1894 Chant Assignee Henry of Navarre 1895 Halma # Belmar # Belmar 1896 Ben Brush Margrave Hastings 1897 Typhoon II Paul Kauvar Scottish Chieftain 1898 Plaudit Sly Fox Bowling Brook 1899 Manuel Half Time Jean Bereaud 1900 Lieut . Gibson Hindus Ildrim 1901 His Eminence The Parader Commando 1902 Alan - a-Dale Old England Masterman 1903 Judge Himes Flocarline Africander 1904 Elwood Bryn Mawr Delhi 1905 Agile Cairngorm Tanya 1906 Sir Huon Whimsical Burgomaster 1907 Pink Star Don Enrique Peter Pan I 1908 Stone Street Royal Tourist Colin 1909 Wintergreen Effendi Joe Madden 1910 Donau Layminster Sweep 1911 Meridian Watervale 1912 Worth Colonel Holloway 1913 Donerail Buskin Prince Eugene 1914 Old Rosebud Holiday Luke McLuke 1915 Regret Rhine Maiden The Finn 1916 George Smith Damrosch Friar Rock 1917 Omar Khayyam Kalitan Hourless 1918 Exterminator War Cloud Jack Hare , Jr . Johren 1919 Sir Barton Sir Barton Sir Barton 1920 Paul Jones # Man o ' War # Man o ' War 1921 Behave Yourself Broomspun Grey Lag 1922 Morvich # Pillory # Pillory 1923 # Zev Vigil # Zev 1924 Black Gold Nellie Morse Mad Play 1925 Flying Ebony Coventry American Flag 1926 Bubbling Over Display Crusader 1927 Whiskery Bostonian Chance Shot 1928 Reigh Count Victorian Vito 1929 Clyde Van Dusen Dr. Freeland Blue Larkspur 1930 Gallant Fox Gallant Fox Gallant Fox 1931 # Twenty Grand Mate # Twenty Grand 1932 * Burgoo King * Burgoo King Faireno 1933 Brokers Tip Head Play Hurryoff 1934 Cavalcade High Quest Peace Chance 1935 Omaha Omaha Omaha 1936 * Bold Venture * Bold Venture Granville 1937 War Admiral War Admiral War Admiral 1938 Lawrin Dauber Pasteurized 1939 # Johnstown Challedon # Johnstown 1940 Gallahadion # Bimelech # Bimelech 1941 Whirlaway Whirlaway Whirlaway 1942 # Shut Out Alsab # Shut Out 1943 Count Fleet Count Fleet Count Fleet 1944 * Pensive * Pensive Bounding Home 1945 Hoop Jr . Polynesian Pavot 1946 Assault Assault Assault 1947 Jet Pilot Faultless Phalanx 1948 Citation Citation Citation 1949 Ponder # Capot # Capot 1950 # Middleground Hill Prince # Middleground 1951 Count Turf Bold Counterpoint 1952 Hill Gail Blue Man One Count 1953 Dark Star # Native Dancer # Native Dancer 1954 Determine Hasty Road High Gun 1955 Swaps # Nashua # Nashua 1956 # Needles Fabius # Needles 1957 Iron Liege Bold Ruler Gallant Man 1958 * Tim Tam * Tim Tam Cavan 1959 Tomy Lee Royal Orbit Sword Dancer 1960 Venetian Way Bally Ache Celtic Ash 1961 * Carry Back * Carry Back Sherluck 1962 Decidedly Greek Money Jaipur 1963 # Chateaugay Candy Spots # Chateaugay 1964 * Northern Dancer * Northern Dancer Quadrangle 1965 Lucky Debonair Tom Rolfe Hail To All 1966 * Kauai King * Kauai King Amberoid 1967 Proud Clarion # Damascus # Damascus 1968 * Forward Pass * Forward Pass Stage Door Johnny 1969 * Majestic Prince * Majestic Prince Arts and Letters 1970 Dust Commander Personality High Echelon 1971 * Canonero II * Canonero II Pass Catcher 1972 # Riva Ridge Bee Bee Bee # Riva Ridge 1973 Secretariat Secretariat Secretariat Cannonade # Little Current # Little Current Foolish Pleasure Master Derby Avatar 1976 # Bold Forbes Elocutionist # Bold Forbes 1977 Seattle Slew Seattle Slew Seattle Slew 1978 Affirmed Affirmed Affirmed 1979 * Spectacular Bid * Spectacular Bid Coastal 1980 Genuine Risk Codex Temperence Hill 1981 * Pleasant Colony * Pleasant Colony Summing 1982 Gato Del Sol Aloma 's Ruler Conquistador Cielo Sunny 's Halo Deputed Testamony Caveat 1984 # Swale Gate Dancer # Swale 1985 Spend A Buck Tank 's Prospect Creme Fraiche 1986 Ferdinand Snow Chief Danzig Connection * Alysheba * Alysheba Bet Twice 1988 Winning Colors # Risen Star # Risen Star 1989 * Sunday Silence * Sunday Silence Easy Goer 1990 Unbridled Summer Squall Go And Go 1991 Strike the Gold # Hansel # Hansel 1992 Lil E. Tee Pine Bluff A.P. Indy 1993 Sea Hero Prairie Bayou Colonial Affair 1994 Go for Gin # Tabasco Cat # Tabasco Cat 1995 # Thunder Gulch Timber Country # Thunder Gulch Grindstone Louis Quatorze Editor 's Note 1997 * Silver Charm * Silver Charm Touch Gold 1998 * Real Quiet * Real Quiet Victory Gallop 1999 * Charismatic * Charismatic Lemon Drop Kid 2000 Fusaichi Pegasus Red Bullet Commendable 2001 Monarchos # Point Given # Point Given 2002 * War Emblem * War Emblem Sarava 2003 * Funny Cide * Funny Cide Empire Maker * Smarty Jones * Smarty Jones Birdstone 2005 Giacomo # Afleet Alex # Afleet Alex 2006 Barbaro Bernardini Jazil 2007 Street Sense Curlin Rags to Riches 2008 * Big Brown * Big Brown Da ' Tara 2009 Mine That Bird Rachel Alexandra Summer Bird Super Saver Lookin at Lucky Drosselmeyer 2011 Animal Kingdom Shackleford Ruler on Ice 2012 * I 'll Have Another * I 'll Have Another Union Rags 2013 Orb Oxbow Palace Malice 2014 * California Chrome * California Chrome Tonalist 2015 American Pharoah American Pharoah American Pharoah 2016 Nyquist Exaggerator Creator 2017 Always Dreaming Cloud Computing Tapwrit 2018 Justify Justify Justify 2019 Notes Jump up ^ These were 2002 for War Emblem , 2003 for Funny Cide and 2004 for Smarty Jones . Jump up ^ The 1890 Preakness Stakes was held at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx , New York . ^ Jump up to : From 1894 to 1908 , the Preakness Stakes were held at Gravesend Race Track on Coney Island , New York . ^ Jump up to : In 1917 and 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were held on the same day . ^ Jump up to : The 1918 Preakness Stakes was held in two divisions due to a large field . War Cloud won one and Jack Hare , Jr. the other . ^ Jump up to : Due to reconstruction at Belmont Park , the Belmont Stakes were held at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York from 1963 to 1967 . Jump up ^ Dancer 's Image was disqualified as the winner of the 1968 Kentucky Derby due to a post-race failed drug test . Jump up ^ I 'll Have Another was scratched the afternoon prior to the Belmont due to tendonitis and was unable to attempt to win the race . Denotes a filly . Fillies won the Kentucky Derby in 1915 , 1980 , and 1988 , Preakness Stakes in 1903 , 1906 , 1915 , 1924 , and 2009 , and Belmont Stakes in 1867 , 1905 , and 2007 . Race not run . The Belmont was not run in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-betting legislation passed in New York State . The Preakness did not run 1891 -- 1893 . See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes . Book : Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) American thoroughbred racing top attended events British Classic Races French Classic Races Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Secretariat remains No. 1 name in racing '' . ESPN . Retrieved July 22 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Christine , Bill ( June 4 , 1989 ) . `` The Spoilers : Last Jewel of Triple Crown Has Been Stolen 11 Times -- Will Sunday Silence Be Next Victim of an Upset ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liebman , Bennett ( April 24 , 2008 ) . `` The Rail : The Race for the Triple Crown - Origins of Triple Crown '' . The New York Times . New York , NY . Retrieved May 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` History & Tradition of the Triple Crown '' . OD Action . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 12 , 2007 ) . `` Where Are the Fillies ? '' . Washington Post . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Genaro , Teresa ( June 7 , 2011 ) . `` The Triple Tiara '' . Hello Race Fans . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 1 , 2003 ) . `` Where No Gelding Has Gone Before '' . New York Times . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` History : Horses '' . Belmont Stakes . Archived from the original on 2 December 2015 . Retrieved 27 October 2015 . Jump up ^ Kane , Mike ( June 6 , 2014 ) . `` 10 things to know about the Triple Crown '' . Courier - Journal . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Kentucky Derby '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Preakness Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Preakness Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Belmont Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes History '' . Belmont - Stakes Info . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Triple Crown Winners '' . The New York Racing Association . June 8 , 2015 . Retrieved June 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Angst , Frank ( June 10 , 2015 ) . `` The Figs : American Pharoah 's Triple Crown '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sham : In the Shadow of a Superhorse '' . California Thoroughbred . Retrieved May 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Hegarty , Matt ( June 19 , 2012 ) . `` Secretariat awarded Preakness record at 1 : 53 after review '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Christine , Bill ( December 29 , 2011 ) . `` 10 most unbreakable records ( 10 - 6 ) '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 2012 Kentucky Derby -- I 'll Have Another rallies to win at Churchill Downs - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Canadian Triple Crown Winner Peteski Dies from Colic '' . BloodHorse.com. April 8 , 2001 . Retrieved August 11 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Grand Slam - ESPN.com Jump up ^ American Pharoah - Breeder 's Cup.com Jump up ^ `` The Courier - Google News Archive Search '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Charlie Rose ( July 21 , 2003 ) . `` A rebroadcast of a discussion about the film Seabiscuit '' . Charlie Rose . Archived from the original on September 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Brennan : Cherry - pick races and Triple Crown extinct '' . USA Today . Retrieved June 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Betting against California Chrome ? Fresh horses typically win Belmont Stakes '' . Newsday . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ ESPN News Service ( June 6 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah claims first Triple Crown since 1978 '' . ESPN . Retrieved June 6 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Drape , Joe ( 2008 ) . To the swift : classic Triple Crown horses and their race for glory ( 1st ed . ) . New York : St. Martin 's Press . ISBN 9780312357955 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Majestic Prince '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Glauber , Bill ( May 19 , 1991 ) . `` Canonero II came close to Triple Crowning glory '' . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( June 1 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah Eyes Triple Crown Sweep '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Oakford , Glenye Cain ( September 17 , 2011 ) . `` Spectacular Bid , 27 , dead '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hovdey , Jay ( May 31 , 2012 ) . `` Triple Crown near - misses : Pleasant Colony , 1981 '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Finn , Robin ( June 7 , 1987 ) . `` BELMONT STAKES ; On Bumpy Road to Crown , Alysheba Is Left Behind '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 8 , 1997 ) . `` Touch Gold Sneaks In to Steal Silver Charm 's Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 7 , 1998 ) . `` THE 130TH BELMONT STAKES ; Victory Gallop 's Charge Keeps Real Quiet Short of Posterity '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph . `` HORSE RACING ; Charismatic 's Bid Ends in Injury and Defeat '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 9 , 2002 ) . `` Early Stumble Dooms War Emblem 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 8 , 2003 ) . `` Empire Maker Ends Funny Cide 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 6 , 2004 ) . `` At Smarty Jones 's Coronation , Birdstone Makes Off With the Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 11 , 2008 ) . `` The Story Behind Big Brown 's Bad Belmont May Never Be Known '' . Washington Post . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Claire Novak ( June 8 , 2014 ) . `` ' Chrome ' Co-Owner Has No Regrets for Comments '' . BloodHorse.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Paulick , Ray ( November 17 , 2010 ) . `` Selling Triple Crown As A Package Deal '' . Paulick Report . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Chrysler to Sponsor Triple Crown Challenge '' . Ocala Star - Banner . Associated Press . September 24 , 1987 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( May 2 , 2005 ) . `` VIsa to End Triple Crown Challenge Sponsorship '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sandomir , Richard ( May 19 , 2014 ) . `` Looking for a Sure Thing in the Belmont Stakes ? Bet on NBC '' . New York Times . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` NBC reaches deal to keep Kentucky Derby rights through 2015 '' . Daily Hampshire Gazette - GazetteNet.com . Associated Press . October 8 , 2010 . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2012 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sharrow , Ryan ( February 22 , 2011 ) . `` NBC re-ups deal to carry Preakness through 2015 '' . Jump up ^ `` NBC Signs Five Year Deal To Televise Belmont Stakes '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` New Pact Keeps Kentucky Derby in NBC Stable Through 2025 '' ( Press Release ) . February 26 , 2014 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liz Mullen ( August 10 , 2015 ) . `` Nbc Sports Group Extends Belmont Contract Through 2020 '' . Sports Business Daily . Retrieved May 8 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Preakness Stakes - History '' . preakness-stakes.info . Archived from the original on April 13 , 2015 . Retrieved May 18 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Official website BloodHorse.com Triple Crown Mania Ten Things You Should Know About the Triple Crown at Hello Race Fans Triple Crown Winners -- slideshow by Life magazine Triple Crowns of horse racing United States Thoroughbred Racing Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes Harness Racing Pacers Cane Pace Messenger Stakes Little Brown Jug Harness Racing Trotters Hambletonian Yonkers Trot Kentucky Futurity Great Britain Thoroughbred Racing 2000 Guineas Stakes Epsom Derby St Leger Stakes Ireland Thoroughbred Racing Irish 2,000 Guineas Irish Derby Irish St. Leger Canada Thoroughbred Racing Queen 's Plate Prince of Wales Stakes Breeders ' Stakes Australia Thoroughbred Racing Randwick Guineas Rosehill Guineas Australian Derby Related topics Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Canadian Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Breeders ' Cup Classic Breeders ' Cup Distaff Kentucky Derby Races 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Churchill Downs Top 4 finishers Festival Museum Road to the Kentucky Derby `` My Old Kentucky Home '' Triple Crown Trophy Mint julep Derby pie Kentucky Oaks Broadcasters `` The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved '' Kentucky Derby Winners Preakness Stakes Pimlico 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1885 1886 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 ( 1891 - 1893 race not run ) Gravesend 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Pimlico 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top four finishers Broadcasters `` Maryland , My Maryland '' Woodlawn Vase Triple Crown Preakness Stakes Winners Belmont Stakes Jerome Park 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Belmont Park 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Aqueduct 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Belmont Park 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top three finishers Broadcasters August Belmont Trophy `` The Sidewalks of New York '' `` Theme from New York , New York '' Triple Crown Belmont Stakes Winners American Thoroughbred horse racing honor for winning three specific stakes races as a three - year - old Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_(United_States)&oldid=859962301 '' Categories : Belmont Stakes Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from June 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2015 Articles with short description Talk Contents About Wikipedia 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 17 September 2018 , at 12 : 55 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what was the last horse to win the triple crown | ['In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.\n'] | ['Justify'] | In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.
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[question]: Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown.
[answer]: Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown. | Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | 1 | 8.500965 | 57 | 61 | 1 |
14,317 | 3,892,388,555,490,117,000 | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) - wikipedia Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) For other Thoroughbred Triple Crowns , see Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing . Justify , the 13th winner , at the 2018 Preakness Stakes . In the United States , the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing , commonly known as the Triple Crown , is a title awarded to a three - year - old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes , and Belmont Stakes . The three races were inaugurated in different years , the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875 . These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year . The Triple Crown Trophy , commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950 , is awarded to a Triple Crown winner . The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919 . Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to the three races as early as 1923 , but it was not until Gallant Fox won the three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of the Daily Racing Form put the term into common use . In the history of the Triple Crown , 13 horses have won all three races : Sir Barton ( 1919 ) , Gallant Fox ( 1930 ) , Omaha ( 1935 ) , War Admiral ( 1937 ) , Whirlaway ( 1941 ) , Count Fleet ( 1943 ) , Assault ( 1946 ) , Citation ( 1948 ) , Secretariat ( 1973 ) , Seattle Slew ( 1977 ) , Affirmed ( 1978 ) , American Pharoah ( 2015 ) , and Justify ( 2018 ) . As of 2018 , American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners . James E. `` Sunny Jim '' Fitzsimmons was the first trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once ; he trained both Gallant Fox and his son Omaha for the Belair Stud breeding farm . Gallant Fox and Omaha are the only father - son duo to win the Triple Crown . Bob Baffert became the second trainer to win the Triple Crown twice , training American Pharoah and Justify . Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as the owners with the most Triple Crown victories with two apiece . Calumet Farms won with Whirlaway and Citation . Eddie Arcaro rode both of Calumet Farms ' Triple Crown champions and is the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown . Secretariat holds the stakes record time for each of the three races . His time of 2 : 24 for 1 ⁄ miles in the 1973 Belmont Stakes also set a world record that still stands . Contents 1 Development 2 Winners 2.1 Records 2.2 Other notable achievements 3 Gaps between wins 4 Unsuccessful bids 5 Sponsorship and broadcasting 6 Individual race winners 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Development ( edit ) The three Triple Crown races had been run for decades before the series received its name ; the Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867 ; the Preakness , in 1873 ; and the Kentucky Derby , in 1875 . The term was in use at least by 1923 , although Daily Racing Form writer Charles Hatton is commonly credited with originating the term in 1930 . Their order has varied . Before 1931 , the Preakness was run before the Kentucky Derby eleven times . On May 12 , 1917 , and May 13 , 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day . Since 1931 , the Kentucky Derby has been run first , followed by the Preakness , and then the Belmont . Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies . Although fillies have won each of the individual Triple Crown races , none has won the Triple Crown itself . Despite attempts to develop a `` Filly Triple Crown '' or a `` Triple Tiara '' for fillies only , no set series of three races has consistently remained in the public eye , and at least four different configurations of races have been used . Two fillies won the series of the Kentucky Oaks , the Pimlico Oaks ( now the Black - Eyed Susan Stakes ) , and the Coaching Club American Oaks , in 1949 and 1952 , but the racing press did not designate either accomplishment as a `` triple crown '' . In 1961 , the New York Racing Association created a filly triple crown of in - state races only , but the races changed over the years . Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993 . Gelded colts may run in any of the three races today , but they were prohibited from entering the Belmont between 1919 and 1957 . Geldings have won each of the individual races , but like fillies , no gelding has ever won the Triple Crown . The closest was Funny Cide , who won the Derby and the Preakness in 2003 . All the races are held on dirt tracks , rather than the turf commonly used for important races in Europe . Triple Crown races Race Date Current Track Location Distance Background Cite Trophy Kentucky Derby `` The Run for the Roses '' First Saturday in May Churchill Downs Louisville , Kentucky 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,000 m ) Inaugurated in 1875 , the race was originally 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) until 1896 when it was shortened to its current distance . It is the only one of the three races to have been continuously run from its inception . Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds ( 57 kg ) and fillies 121 pounds ( 55 kg ) . The field has been limited to 20 horses since 1975 . The Kentucky Derby Trophy Preakness Stakes `` The Run for the Black - Eyed Susans '' Third Saturday in May Pimlico Race Course Baltimore , Maryland 1 ⁄ miles ( 1,900 m ) Started in 1873 and continuously run since 1894 , it is the shortest of the three races . Pimlico was the home of the race from 1873 to 1889 and again from 1908 until the present . The Preakness was not run from 1891 to 1893 . Weights are the same as for the Derby . Field is limited to 14 horses . The Woodlawn Vase Belmont Stakes `` The Test of the Champion '' Third Saturday following the Preakness ( first or second Saturday in June ) Belmont Park Elmont , New York 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) Begun in 1867 , it is the oldest of the three races and the longest , though not held in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-gambling legislation in New York . Race was held at various New York tracks until 1905 when Belmont Park became the permanent location . Distance varied from 1 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,600 to 1,800 m ) until set at 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) in 1926 . Weight assignments are the same as the other two races . Field is limited to 16 horses . The August Belmont Trophy Winners ( edit ) The Triple Crown Trophy The sixth winner , Count Fleet , in the 1943 Kentucky Derby The seventh winner , Assault in 1946 with Warren Mehrtens , jockey Triple Crown winners Year Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Colors 1919 Sir Barton Johnny Loftus H. Guy Bedwell J.K.L. Ross John E. Madden 1930 Gallant Fox Earl Sande Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1935 Omaha Willie `` Smokey '' Saunders Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1937 War Admiral Charles Kurtsinger George Conway Samuel D. Riddle Samuel D. Riddle 1941 Whirlaway Eddie Arcaro Ben A. Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1943 Count Fleet Johnny Longden Don Cameron Fannie Hertz Fannie Hertz 1946 Assault Warren Mehrtens Max Hirsch King Ranch King Ranch 1948 Citation Eddie Arcaro Horace A. `` Jimmy '' Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1973 Secretariat Ron Turcotte Lucien Laurin Meadow Stable Meadow Stable 1977 Seattle Slew Jean Cruguet William H. Turner , Jr . Mickey and Karen L. Taylor , Tayhill Stable / Jim Hill , et al . Ben S. Castleman 1978 Affirmed Steve Cauthen Laz Barrera Harbor View Farm Harbor View Farm 2015 American Pharoah Victor Espinoza Bob Baffert Ahmed Zayat Ahmed Zayat 2018 Justify Mike Smith Bob Baffert China Horse Club Head of Plains Partners Starlight Racing WinStar Farm John D. Gunther and † † During his 2018 bid for the Triple Crown , Justify used the colors of WinStar Farms ( white , green and black star ) for the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes . The colors of China Horse Club ( red , yellow stars and sleeves ) were used in the Belmont Stakes . At completion of the 2016 season , the three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 entrants . Of these , 292 horses have won a single leg of the Triple Crown , 52 horses have won two of the races ( 23 the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , 18 the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes , and 11 the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes ) , and 13 horses have won all three races . Pillory won both the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922 , a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were run on the same day . 10 of the 13 winners have been `` homebreds '' , owned at the time of their win by their breeders . Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are the only two trainers to have two horses win the Triple Crown , with Fitzsimmons training the sire / son combination of 1930 winner Gallant Fox and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert training 2015 winner American Pharoah and 2018 winner Justify . The wins by Fitzsimmons were also the first time that an owner and the first time that a breeder , Belair Stud holding both duties , had a repeat win of the Triple Crown . Calumet Farm is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses , 1941 winner Whirlaway and 1948 winner Citation . Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey to ride two horses to the Triple Crown , both for Calumet , Whirlaway and Citation . Those two horses ' trainers , Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones , were father and son . All 13 horses , and most owners , trainers , and jockeys were born in the United States . The exceptions were jockey Johnny Longden , born in England and raised in Canada ; French - born jockey Jean Cruguet ; trainer Laz Barrera , from Cuba ; and jockey Victor Espinoza , from Mexico . Secretariat 's trainer , Lucien Laurin and jockey , Ron Turcotte were both Canadians . Owner Fannie Hertz was married to John D. Hertz , who was born in Slovakia ; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt . Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he grew up and established his career there , but was born in Montana . The horse Sir Barton was foaled in the United States but had a Canadian owner , J.K.L. Ross , at the time of his Triple Crown win , while Justify 's owners were from both the United States and China . Records ( edit ) Secretariat holds the stakes record for each of the Triple Crown races , the Kentucky Derby ( 1 : 59 2 / 5 ) , the Preakness Stakes ( 1 : 53 ) , and the Belmont Stakes ( 2 : 24 ) . At 18 , Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Affirmed in 1978 . At 52 , Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Justify in 2018 . Other notable achievements ( edit ) Only one horse , Alydar , has placed ( finished second ) in all three races . He was defeated by Affirmed in all three races in 1978 by a combined margin of two lengths . His trainer John Veitch is the only trainer to have done this with one horse . In 1995 , D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only major figure ( owner , jockey , or trainer ) to win all three Triple Crown races with different horses , Thunder Gulch in the Derby and Belmont , Timber Country in the Preakness . Lukas also is the only trainer to have won six straight Triple Crown races , adding his 1995 wins , having won the 1994 Preakness and Belmont with Tabasco Cat and the 1996 Derby with Grindstone . Like Veitch , only with two different horses , Bob Baffert also had second - place finishes in all three legs of the Triple Crown , both owned by Ahmed Zayat : in 2012 , Bodemeister finished second in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness stakes to I 'll Have Another , then Paynter was entered and finished second to Union Rags . Baffert and Zayat teamed up again for the 2015 Triple Crown victory of American Pharoah . Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to sire another U.S. Triple Crown winner , Omaha . Affirmed sired Peteski , winner of the 1993 Canadian Triple Crown . Whirlaway , in addition to winning the 1941 Triple Crown , also won the Travers Stakes that year , becoming the first and only horse to date to accomplish that feat . American Pharoah , in addition to winning the 2015 Triple Crown , also won the Breeders ' Cup Classic that year . As the Breeders ' Cup was not established until 1984 , American Pharoah was the first ( and , as of 2018 , only ) horse to sweep all four races , a feat that came to be known as the Grand Slam . Gaps between wins ( edit ) California Chrome ( second from right ) was stepped on by the number 3 horse while leaving the starting gate at the 2014 Belmont Stakes After the first Triple Crown winner , Sir Barton , in 1919 , there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930 , a gap of 11 years . Between 1930 and 1948 , seven horses won the Triple Crown , with five years being the longest gap between winners . However , following the 1948 win of Citation , there was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973 . Between 1973 and 1978 , there were three Triple Crown winners . After Affirmed 's Triple Crown in 1978 , the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Spectacular Bid 's failed Triple Crown attempt at the Belmont Stakes , and lasted until American Pharoah won in 2015 . Between 1979 and 2014 thirteen horses won both the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , but either failed to win the Belmont Stakes or could not start in the race . Of those , Real Quiet came the closest to winning the Triple Crown , losing the Belmont Stakes by a nose in 1998 . Spectacular Bid finished 3rd in 1979 . Pleasant Colony finished 3rd in 1981 . Alysheba finished 4th in 1987 . Sunday Silence finished 2nd in 1989 . Real Quiet finished 2nd in 1998 . Charismatic finished 3rd in 1999 . War Emblem finished 8th in 2002 . Funny Cide finished 3rd in 2003 . Smarty Jones finished 2nd in 2004 . Big Brown did not finish in 2008 . I 'll Have Another did not start ( injury ) 2012 . California Chrome finished 4th in 2014 . In the 1979 - 2015 period , horses who contested all three races , losing the Kentucky Derby but winning the Preakness and the Belmont were Risen Star in 1988 , Hansel in 1991 , Tabasco Cat in 1994 , Point Given in 2001 , and Afleet Alex in 2005 . In 1984 , Swale and in 1995 , Thunder Gulch ran all three races , winning the Derby and the Belmont , but not the Preakness . The 37 - year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system . As far back as 1986 , reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage . In 2003 , Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of the tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes . California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014 ; he considered the system to be unfair , arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at the Belmont . By 2014 , six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown . Additionally , from 2006 to 2014 , the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness . American Pharoah was the first Belmont winner since Afleet Alex in 2005 to have run all three Triple Crown races . Unsuccessful bids ( edit ) Big Brown , the winner of the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , at the 2008 Belmont Stakes , where he was pulled up and did not finish . Since all three races were inaugurated , as of 2017 , 23 horses have won the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont : 1932 : Burgoo King did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1936 : Bold Venture did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1944 : Pensive was the first horse to contest but lose the Belmont after winning the first two legs . He placed second to Bounding Home , who had neither run in the Derby nor the Preakness . 1958 : Tim Tam , defeated by six lengths by Cavan , who had neither contested the Derby nor Preakness . 1961 : Carry Back , `` sore '' after the race , was seventh of nine entries , 14 ⁄ lengths behind the winner , a longshot named Sherluck . 1964 : Northern Dancer , defeated by Quadrangle . 1966 : Kauai King , defeated by Amberoid . 1968 : Forward Pass , defeated by Stage Door Johnny by 1 ⁄ lengths . 1969 : Majestic Prince , second by 5 ⁄ lengths to Arts and Letters . Loss attributed to fatigue and lameness . 1971 : Cañonero II , fourth in the Belmont to 34 -- 1 longshot Pass Catcher , the loss attributed to a hoof problem . 1979 : Spectacular Bid , third in Belmont , was alleged to have stepped on a safety pin the morning of the race , though another theory blamed rider error by an inexperienced young jockey moving him too soon . He finished 3 ⁄ lengths behind Coastal and a neck behind the second - place horse , Golden Act . 1981 : Pleasant Colony , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Summing and the second - place horse , Highland Blade . 1987 : Alysheba finished fourth in Belmont behind Bet Twice , Cryptoclearance , and Gulch . 1989 : Sunday Silence , second in Belmont , eight lengths behind Easy Goer . 1997 : Silver Charm , second in Belmont , ⁄ length behind Touch Gold . 1998 : Real Quiet , second in Belmont after a photo finish , a nose behind Victory Gallop . 1999 : Charismatic , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Lemon Drop Kid and second - place Vision and Verse . Charismatic was pulled up soon after the finish , vanned off with a bone fracture . He survived and was retired to stud . 2002 : War Emblem stumbled at gate in Belmont , finished eighth out of 11 . Winner Sarava scored upset at record odds of 70 - 1 . 2003 : Funny Cide , third in Belmont , five lengths behind Empire Maker , and 4 ⁄ lengths behind second - place horse , Ten Most Wanted . 2004 : Smarty Jones , second in Belmont , one length behind Birdstone . 2008 : Big Brown was pulled up in the home stretch of the Belmont , eased to a last - place finish . Winner was Da ' Tara . A hoof problem had limited Big Brown 's training , and may have been a factor in his defeat . 2012 : I 'll Have Another was scratched from the Belmont the day before the race due to a tendon injury . 2014 : California Chrome finished in a dead heat for 4th in the Belmont after being stepped on by another horse leaving the gate and running the race with an injury to his heel and a scrape on his tendon . Sponsorship and broadcasting ( edit ) Main article : United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing on television Originally , the three races largely organized their own nominations procedure , marketing and television broadcast rights . In 1985 , Triple Crown Productions was created when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of a financial incentive offered to any Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey . The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together . Efforts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated a deal with Chrysler to pay $5 million to any horse that swept all three races , and $1 million each year there was no Triple Crown sweep to the horse with the highest combined Triple Crown finish . This sponsorship lasted until 1993 . The end of the $1 million participation bonus was linked to the breakdown of Prairie Bayou at the Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that arose when the Kentucky Derby winner , Sea Hero , was given the bonus following a seventh - place finish . In 1995 , Visa USA took over the sponsorship with a 10 - year contract , naming the series the Visa Triple Crown and offering only the $5 million bonus to a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown . Along with sponsorship by VISA , NBC Sports paid $51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races , with the revenue split giving 50 % of the total to Churchill Downs and 25 % each to Pimlico and to the New York Racing Association ( NYRA ) . The Visa deal -- and the cooperative effort -- ended after 2005 . The NYRA felt that they did not get a fair share of the revenue , particularly when the Belmont had the highest ratings of all three races in the years where a Triple Crown was on the line . From 2001 through 2013 , average viewership for the Belmont was 7 million when the Triple Crown was not at stake , whereas viewership averaged 13 million when it was . With the contract term ending , the NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for the 2006 Belmont , while the broadcasts of the Derby and Preakness remained with NBC . Visa chose to remain as a sponsor of only Kentucky Derby for the next five years . As a result of the divided broadcast , Triple Crown Productions was unable to obtain a new sponsor . Years Sponsor Bonuses 1987 -- 1993 Chrysler Corporation $1 million ( best overall record ) $5 million ( three wins ) 1995 -- 2005 Visa USA $5 million ( three wins ) 2006 -- present Triple Crown Productions None In February 2011 , ABC / ESPN dropped out of the negotiations to renew broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes . NBC obtained the contract through 2015 , once again uniting all three races on the same network . In 2014 , NBC extended their contract for the Kentucky Derby through 2025 . As of August 2015 , NBC obtained a broadcast contract for the Belmont through 2020 and the Preakness through 2022 . Individual race winners ( edit ) See also : Triple Crown Productions § Highest combined Triple Crown finish Key for full list of race winners Denotes winners of the Triple Crown * Denotes winners of the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont # Denotes other winners of any other combination of 2 out of the 3 Triple Crown races Full list of race winners Year Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes 1867 Ruthless 1868 General Duke 1869 Fenian 1870 Kingfisher 1871 Harry Bassett 1872 Joe Daniels 1873 Survivor Springbok 1874 Culpepper Saxon 1875 Aristides Tom Ochiltree Calvin 1876 Vagrant Shirley Algerine 1877 Baden - Baden # Cloverbrook # Cloverbrook 1878 Day Star # Duke of Magenta # Duke of Magenta 1879 Lord Murphy Harold Spendthrift 1880 Fonso # Grenada # Grenada 1881 Hindoo # Saunterer # Saunterer 1882 Apollo Vanguard Forester 1883 Leonatus Jacobus George Kinney 1884 Buchanan Knight of Ellerslie Panique 1885 Joe Cotton Tecumseh Tyrant 1886 Ben Ali The Bard Inspector B 1887 Montrose Dunboyne Hanover 1888 Macbeth II Refund Sir Dixon 1889 Spokane Buddhist Eric 1890 Riley Montague Burlington 1891 Kingman Foxford 1892 Azra Patron 1893 Lookout Commanche 1894 Chant Assignee Henry of Navarre 1895 Halma # Belmar # Belmar 1896 Ben Brush Margrave Hastings 1897 Typhoon II Paul Kauvar Scottish Chieftain 1898 Plaudit Sly Fox Bowling Brook 1899 Manuel Half Time Jean Bereaud 1900 Lieut . Gibson Hindus Ildrim 1901 His Eminence The Parader Commando 1902 Alan - a-Dale Old England Masterman 1903 Judge Himes Flocarline Africander 1904 Elwood Bryn Mawr Delhi 1905 Agile Cairngorm Tanya 1906 Sir Huon Whimsical Burgomaster 1907 Pink Star Don Enrique Peter Pan I 1908 Stone Street Royal Tourist Colin 1909 Wintergreen Effendi Joe Madden 1910 Donau Layminster Sweep 1911 Meridian Watervale 1912 Worth Colonel Holloway 1913 Donerail Buskin Prince Eugene 1914 Old Rosebud Holiday Luke McLuke 1915 Regret Rhine Maiden The Finn 1916 George Smith Damrosch Friar Rock 1917 Omar Khayyam Kalitan Hourless 1918 Exterminator War Cloud Jack Hare , Jr . Johren 1919 Sir Barton Sir Barton Sir Barton 1920 Paul Jones # Man o ' War # Man o ' War 1921 Behave Yourself Broomspun Grey Lag 1922 Morvich # Pillory # Pillory 1923 # Zev Vigil # Zev 1924 Black Gold Nellie Morse Mad Play 1925 Flying Ebony Coventry American Flag 1926 Bubbling Over Display Crusader 1927 Whiskery Bostonian Chance Shot 1928 Reigh Count Victorian Vito 1929 Clyde Van Dusen Dr. Freeland Blue Larkspur 1930 Gallant Fox Gallant Fox Gallant Fox 1931 # Twenty Grand Mate # Twenty Grand 1932 * Burgoo King * Burgoo King Faireno 1933 Brokers Tip Head Play Hurryoff 1934 Cavalcade High Quest Peace Chance 1935 Omaha Omaha Omaha 1936 * Bold Venture * Bold Venture Granville 1937 War Admiral War Admiral War Admiral 1938 Lawrin Dauber Pasteurized 1939 # Johnstown Challedon # Johnstown 1940 Gallahadion # Bimelech # Bimelech 1941 Whirlaway Whirlaway Whirlaway 1942 # Shut Out Alsab # Shut Out 1943 Count Fleet Count Fleet Count Fleet 1944 * Pensive * Pensive Bounding Home 1945 Hoop Jr . Polynesian Pavot 1946 Assault Assault Assault 1947 Jet Pilot Faultless Phalanx 1948 Citation Citation Citation 1949 Ponder # Capot # Capot 1950 # Middleground Hill Prince # Middleground 1951 Count Turf Bold Counterpoint 1952 Hill Gail Blue Man One Count 1953 Dark Star # Native Dancer # Native Dancer 1954 Determine Hasty Road High Gun 1955 Swaps # Nashua # Nashua 1956 # Needles Fabius # Needles 1957 Iron Liege Bold Ruler Gallant Man 1958 * Tim Tam * Tim Tam Cavan 1959 Tomy Lee Royal Orbit Sword Dancer 1960 Venetian Way Bally Ache Celtic Ash 1961 * Carry Back * Carry Back Sherluck 1962 Decidedly Greek Money Jaipur 1963 # Chateaugay Candy Spots # Chateaugay 1964 * Northern Dancer * Northern Dancer Quadrangle 1965 Lucky Debonair Tom Rolfe Hail To All 1966 * Kauai King * Kauai King Amberoid 1967 Proud Clarion # Damascus # Damascus 1968 * Forward Pass * Forward Pass Stage Door Johnny 1969 * Majestic Prince * Majestic Prince Arts and Letters 1970 Dust Commander Personality High Echelon 1971 * Canonero II * Canonero II Pass Catcher 1972 # Riva Ridge Bee Bee Bee # Riva Ridge 1973 Secretariat Secretariat Secretariat Cannonade # Little Current # Little Current Foolish Pleasure Master Derby Avatar 1976 # Bold Forbes Elocutionist # Bold Forbes 1977 Seattle Slew Seattle Slew Seattle Slew 1978 Affirmed Affirmed Affirmed 1979 * Spectacular Bid * Spectacular Bid Coastal 1980 Genuine Risk Codex Temperence Hill 1981 * Pleasant Colony * Pleasant Colony Summing 1982 Gato Del Sol Aloma 's Ruler Conquistador Cielo Sunny 's Halo Deputed Testamony Caveat 1984 # Swale Gate Dancer # Swale 1985 Spend A Buck Tank 's Prospect Creme Fraiche 1986 Ferdinand Snow Chief Danzig Connection * Alysheba * Alysheba Bet Twice 1988 Winning Colors # Risen Star # Risen Star 1989 * Sunday Silence * Sunday Silence Easy Goer 1990 Unbridled Summer Squall Go And Go 1991 Strike the Gold # Hansel # Hansel 1992 Lil E. Tee Pine Bluff A.P. Indy 1993 Sea Hero Prairie Bayou Colonial Affair 1994 Go for Gin # Tabasco Cat # Tabasco Cat 1995 # Thunder Gulch Timber Country # Thunder Gulch Grindstone Louis Quatorze Editor 's Note 1997 * Silver Charm * Silver Charm Touch Gold 1998 * Real Quiet * Real Quiet Victory Gallop 1999 * Charismatic * Charismatic Lemon Drop Kid 2000 Fusaichi Pegasus Red Bullet Commendable 2001 Monarchos # Point Given # Point Given 2002 * War Emblem * War Emblem Sarava 2003 * Funny Cide * Funny Cide Empire Maker * Smarty Jones * Smarty Jones Birdstone 2005 Giacomo # Afleet Alex # Afleet Alex 2006 Barbaro Bernardini Jazil 2007 Street Sense Curlin Rags to Riches 2008 * Big Brown * Big Brown Da ' Tara 2009 Mine That Bird Rachel Alexandra Summer Bird Super Saver Lookin at Lucky Drosselmeyer 2011 Animal Kingdom Shackleford Ruler on Ice 2012 * I 'll Have Another * I 'll Have Another Union Rags 2013 Orb Oxbow Palace Malice 2014 * California Chrome * California Chrome Tonalist 2015 American Pharoah American Pharoah American Pharoah 2016 Nyquist Exaggerator Creator 2017 Always Dreaming Cloud Computing Tapwrit 2018 Justify Justify Justify 2019 Notes Jump up ^ These were 2002 for War Emblem , 2003 for Funny Cide and 2004 for Smarty Jones . Jump up ^ The 1890 Preakness Stakes was held at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx , New York . ^ Jump up to : From 1894 to 1908 , the Preakness Stakes were held at Gravesend Race Track on Coney Island , New York . ^ Jump up to : In 1917 and 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were held on the same day . ^ Jump up to : The 1918 Preakness Stakes was held in two divisions due to a large field . War Cloud won one and Jack Hare , Jr. the other . ^ Jump up to : Due to reconstruction at Belmont Park , the Belmont Stakes were held at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York from 1963 to 1967 . Jump up ^ Dancer 's Image was disqualified as the winner of the 1968 Kentucky Derby due to a post-race failed drug test . Jump up ^ I 'll Have Another was scratched the afternoon prior to the Belmont due to tendonitis and was unable to attempt to win the race . Denotes a filly . Fillies won the Kentucky Derby in 1915 , 1980 , and 1988 , Preakness Stakes in 1903 , 1906 , 1915 , 1924 , and 2009 , and Belmont Stakes in 1867 , 1905 , and 2007 . Race not run . The Belmont was not run in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-betting legislation passed in New York State . The Preakness did not run 1891 -- 1893 . See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes . Book : Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) American thoroughbred racing top attended events British Classic Races French Classic Races Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Secretariat remains No. 1 name in racing '' . ESPN . Retrieved July 22 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Christine , Bill ( June 4 , 1989 ) . `` The Spoilers : Last Jewel of Triple Crown Has Been Stolen 11 Times -- Will Sunday Silence Be Next Victim of an Upset ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liebman , Bennett ( April 24 , 2008 ) . `` The Rail : The Race for the Triple Crown - Origins of Triple Crown '' . The New York Times . New York , NY . Retrieved May 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` History & Tradition of the Triple Crown '' . OD Action . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 12 , 2007 ) . `` Where Are the Fillies ? '' . Washington Post . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Genaro , Teresa ( June 7 , 2011 ) . `` The Triple Tiara '' . Hello Race Fans . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 1 , 2003 ) . `` Where No Gelding Has Gone Before '' . New York Times . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` History : Horses '' . Belmont Stakes . Archived from the original on 2 December 2015 . Retrieved 27 October 2015 . Jump up ^ Kane , Mike ( June 6 , 2014 ) . `` 10 things to know about the Triple Crown '' . Courier - Journal . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Kentucky Derby '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Preakness Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Preakness Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Belmont Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes History '' . Belmont - Stakes Info . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Triple Crown Winners '' . The New York Racing Association . June 8 , 2015 . Retrieved June 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Angst , Frank ( June 10 , 2015 ) . `` The Figs : American Pharoah 's Triple Crown '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sham : In the Shadow of a Superhorse '' . California Thoroughbred . Retrieved May 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Hegarty , Matt ( June 19 , 2012 ) . `` Secretariat awarded Preakness record at 1 : 53 after review '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Christine , Bill ( December 29 , 2011 ) . `` 10 most unbreakable records ( 10 - 6 ) '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 2012 Kentucky Derby -- I 'll Have Another rallies to win at Churchill Downs - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Canadian Triple Crown Winner Peteski Dies from Colic '' . BloodHorse.com. April 8 , 2001 . Retrieved August 11 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Grand Slam - ESPN.com Jump up ^ American Pharoah - Breeder 's Cup.com Jump up ^ `` The Courier - Google News Archive Search '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Charlie Rose ( July 21 , 2003 ) . `` A rebroadcast of a discussion about the film Seabiscuit '' . Charlie Rose . Archived from the original on September 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Brennan : Cherry - pick races and Triple Crown extinct '' . USA Today . Retrieved June 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Betting against California Chrome ? Fresh horses typically win Belmont Stakes '' . Newsday . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ ESPN News Service ( June 6 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah claims first Triple Crown since 1978 '' . ESPN . Retrieved June 6 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Drape , Joe ( 2008 ) . To the swift : classic Triple Crown horses and their race for glory ( 1st ed . ) . New York : St. Martin 's Press . ISBN 9780312357955 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Majestic Prince '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Glauber , Bill ( May 19 , 1991 ) . `` Canonero II came close to Triple Crowning glory '' . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( June 1 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah Eyes Triple Crown Sweep '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Oakford , Glenye Cain ( September 17 , 2011 ) . `` Spectacular Bid , 27 , dead '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hovdey , Jay ( May 31 , 2012 ) . `` Triple Crown near - misses : Pleasant Colony , 1981 '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Finn , Robin ( June 7 , 1987 ) . `` BELMONT STAKES ; On Bumpy Road to Crown , Alysheba Is Left Behind '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 8 , 1997 ) . `` Touch Gold Sneaks In to Steal Silver Charm 's Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 7 , 1998 ) . `` THE 130TH BELMONT STAKES ; Victory Gallop 's Charge Keeps Real Quiet Short of Posterity '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph . `` HORSE RACING ; Charismatic 's Bid Ends in Injury and Defeat '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 9 , 2002 ) . `` Early Stumble Dooms War Emblem 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 8 , 2003 ) . `` Empire Maker Ends Funny Cide 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 6 , 2004 ) . `` At Smarty Jones 's Coronation , Birdstone Makes Off With the Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 11 , 2008 ) . `` The Story Behind Big Brown 's Bad Belmont May Never Be Known '' . Washington Post . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Claire Novak ( June 8 , 2014 ) . `` ' Chrome ' Co-Owner Has No Regrets for Comments '' . BloodHorse.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Paulick , Ray ( November 17 , 2010 ) . `` Selling Triple Crown As A Package Deal '' . Paulick Report . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Chrysler to Sponsor Triple Crown Challenge '' . Ocala Star - Banner . Associated Press . September 24 , 1987 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( May 2 , 2005 ) . `` VIsa to End Triple Crown Challenge Sponsorship '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sandomir , Richard ( May 19 , 2014 ) . `` Looking for a Sure Thing in the Belmont Stakes ? Bet on NBC '' . New York Times . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` NBC reaches deal to keep Kentucky Derby rights through 2015 '' . Daily Hampshire Gazette - GazetteNet.com . Associated Press . October 8 , 2010 . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2012 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sharrow , Ryan ( February 22 , 2011 ) . `` NBC re-ups deal to carry Preakness through 2015 '' . Jump up ^ `` NBC Signs Five Year Deal To Televise Belmont Stakes '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` New Pact Keeps Kentucky Derby in NBC Stable Through 2025 '' ( Press Release ) . February 26 , 2014 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liz Mullen ( August 10 , 2015 ) . `` Nbc Sports Group Extends Belmont Contract Through 2020 '' . Sports Business Daily . Retrieved May 8 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Preakness Stakes - History '' . preakness-stakes.info . Archived from the original on April 13 , 2015 . Retrieved May 18 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Official website BloodHorse.com Triple Crown Mania Ten Things You Should Know About the Triple Crown at Hello Race Fans Triple Crown Winners -- slideshow by Life magazine Triple Crowns of horse racing United States Thoroughbred Racing Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes Harness Racing Pacers Cane Pace Messenger Stakes Little Brown Jug Harness Racing Trotters Hambletonian Yonkers Trot Kentucky Futurity Great Britain Thoroughbred Racing 2000 Guineas Stakes Epsom Derby St Leger Stakes Ireland Thoroughbred Racing Irish 2,000 Guineas Irish Derby Irish St. Leger Canada Thoroughbred Racing Queen 's Plate Prince of Wales Stakes Breeders ' Stakes Australia Thoroughbred Racing Randwick Guineas Rosehill Guineas Australian Derby Related topics Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Canadian Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Breeders ' Cup Classic Breeders ' Cup Distaff Kentucky Derby Races 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Churchill Downs Top 4 finishers Festival Museum Road to the Kentucky Derby `` My Old Kentucky Home '' Triple Crown Trophy Mint julep Derby pie Kentucky Oaks Broadcasters `` The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved '' Kentucky Derby Winners Preakness Stakes Pimlico 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1885 1886 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 ( 1891 - 1893 race not run ) Gravesend 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Pimlico 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top four finishers Broadcasters `` Maryland , My Maryland '' Woodlawn Vase Triple Crown Preakness Stakes Winners Belmont Stakes Jerome Park 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Belmont Park 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Aqueduct 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Belmont Park 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top three finishers Broadcasters August Belmont Trophy `` The Sidewalks of New York '' `` Theme from New York , New York '' Triple Crown Belmont Stakes Winners American Thoroughbred horse racing honor for winning three specific stakes races as a three - year - old Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_(United_States)&oldid=853718281 '' Categories : Belmont Stakes Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from June 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2015 Articles with short description Talk Contents About Wikipedia 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 6 August 2018 , at 15 : 18 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who was the last horse who won the triple crown | ['In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.\n'] | ['Justify'] | In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.
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[question]: Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown.
[answer]: Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown. | Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | 1 | 8.500965 | 57 | 61 | 1 |
22,311 | 6,843,453,047,441,465,000 | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States) | Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) - wikipedia Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) For other Thoroughbred Triple Crowns , see Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing . Sir Barton , the first Triple Crown winner , at the 1919 Preakness Stakes Justify , the 13th winner , at the 2018 Preakness Stakes . In the United States , the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing , commonly known as the Triple Crown , is a title awarded to a three - year - old Thoroughbred horse who wins the Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes , and Belmont Stakes . The three races were inaugurated in different years , the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875 . These races are now run annually in May and early June of each year . The Triple Crown Trophy , commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950 , is awarded to a Triple Crown winner . The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919 . Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to the three races as early as 1923 , but it was not until Gallant Fox won the three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of the Daily Racing Form put the term into common use . In the history of the Triple Crown , 13 horses have won all three races : Sir Barton ( 1919 ) , Gallant Fox ( 1930 ) , Omaha ( 1935 ) , War Admiral ( 1937 ) , Whirlaway ( 1941 ) , Count Fleet ( 1943 ) , Assault ( 1946 ) , Citation ( 1948 ) , Secretariat ( 1973 ) , Seattle Slew ( 1977 ) , Affirmed ( 1978 ) , American Pharoah ( 2015 ) , and Justify ( 2018 ) . As of 2018 , American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners . James E. `` Sunny Jim '' Fitzsimmons was the first trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once ; he trained both Gallant Fox and his son Omaha for the Belair Stud breeding farm . Gallant Fox and Omaha are the only father - son duo to win the Triple Crown . Bob Baffert became the second trainer to win the Triple Crown twice , training American Pharoah and Justify . Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as the owners with the most Triple Crown victories with two apiece . Calumet Farms won with Whirlaway and Citation . Eddie Arcaro rode both of Calumet Farms ' Triple Crown champions and is the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown . Secretariat holds the stakes record time for each of the three races . His time of 2 : 24 for 1 ⁄ miles in the 1973 Belmont Stakes also set a world record that still stands . Contents ( hide ) 1 Development 2 Winners 2.1 Records 2.2 Other notable achievements 3 Gaps between wins 4 Unsuccessful bids 5 Sponsorship and broadcasting 6 Individual race winners 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Development ( edit ) The three Triple Crown races had been run for decades before the series received its name ; the Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867 ; the Preakness , in 1873 ; and the Kentucky Derby , in 1875 . The term was in use at least by 1923 , although Daily Racing Form writer Charles Hatton is commonly credited with originating the term in 1930 . Their order has varied . Before 1931 , the Preakness was run before the Kentucky Derby eleven times . On May 12 , 1917 , and May 13 , 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day . Since 1931 , the Kentucky Derby has been run first , followed by the Preakness , and then the Belmont . Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies . Although fillies have won each of the individual Triple Crown races , none has won the Triple Crown itself . Despite attempts to develop a `` Filly Triple Crown '' or a `` Triple Tiara '' for fillies only , no set series of three races has consistently remained in the public eye , and at least four different configurations of races have been used . Two fillies won the series of the Kentucky Oaks , the Pimlico Oaks ( now the Black - Eyed Susan Stakes ) , and the Coaching Club American Oaks , in 1949 and 1952 , but the racing press did not designate either accomplishment as a `` triple crown '' . In 1961 , the New York Racing Association created a filly triple crown of in - state races only , but the races changed over the years . Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993 . Gelded colts may run in any of the three races today , but they were prohibited from entering the Belmont between 1919 and 1957 . Geldings have won each of the individual races , but like fillies , no gelding has ever won the Triple Crown . The closest was Funny Cide , who won the Derby and the Preakness in 2003 . All the races are held on dirt tracks , rather than the turf commonly used for important races in Europe . Triple Crown races Race Date Current Track Location Distance Background Cite Trophy Kentucky Derby `` The Run for the Roses '' First Saturday in May Churchill Downs Louisville , Kentucky 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,000 m ) Inaugurated in 1875 , the race was originally 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) until 1896 when it was shortened to its current distance . It is the only one of the three races to have been continuously run from its inception . Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds ( 57 kg ) and fillies 121 pounds ( 55 kg ) . The field has been limited to 20 horses since 1975 . The Kentucky Derby Trophy Preakness Stakes `` The Run for the Black - Eyed Susans '' Third Saturday in May Pimlico Race Course Baltimore , Maryland 1 ⁄ miles ( 1,900 m ) Started in 1873 and continuously run since 1894 , it is the shortest of the three races . Pimlico was the home of the race from 1873 to 1889 and again from 1908 until the present . The Preakness was not run from 1891 to 1893 . Weights are the same as for the Derby . Field is limited to 14 horses . The Woodlawn Vase Belmont Stakes `` The Test of the Champion '' Third Saturday following the Preakness ( first or second Saturday in June ) Belmont Park Elmont , New York 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) Begun in 1867 , it is the oldest of the three races and the longest , though not held in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-gambling legislation in New York . Race was held at various New York tracks until 1905 when Belmont Park became the permanent location . Distance varied from 1 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,600 to 1,800 m ) until set at 1 ⁄ miles ( 2,400 m ) in 1926 . Weight assignments are the same as the other two races . Field is limited to 16 horses . The August Belmont Trophy Winners ( edit ) The Triple Crown Trophy The sixth winner , Count Fleet , in the 1943 Kentucky Derby The seventh winner , Assault in 1946 with Warren Mehrtens , jockey Triple Crown winners Year Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Colors 1919 Sir Barton Johnny Loftus H. Guy Bedwell J.K.L. Ross John E. Madden 1930 Gallant Fox Earl Sande Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1935 Omaha Willie `` Smokey '' Saunders Jim Fitzsimmons Belair Stud Belair Stud 1937 War Admiral Charles Kurtsinger George Conway Samuel D. Riddle Samuel D. Riddle 1941 Whirlaway Eddie Arcaro Ben A. Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1943 Count Fleet Johnny Longden Don Cameron Fannie Hertz Fannie Hertz 1946 Assault Warren Mehrtens Max Hirsch King Ranch King Ranch 1948 Citation Eddie Arcaro Horace A. `` Jimmy '' Jones Calumet Farm Calumet Farm 1973 Secretariat Ron Turcotte Lucien Laurin Meadow Stable Meadow Stable 1977 Seattle Slew Jean Cruguet William H. Turner , Jr . Mickey and Karen L. Taylor , Tayhill Stable / Jim Hill , et al . Ben S. Castleman 1978 Affirmed Steve Cauthen Laz Barrera Harbor View Farm Harbor View Farm 2015 American Pharoah Victor Espinoza Bob Baffert Ahmed Zayat Ahmed Zayat 2018 Justify Mike Smith Bob Baffert China Horse Club Head of Plains Partners Starlight Racing WinStar Farm John D. Gunther and † † During his 2018 bid for the Triple Crown , Justify used the colors of WinStar Farms ( white , green and black star ) for the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes . The colors of China Horse Club ( red , yellow stars and sleeves ) were used in the Belmont Stakes . At completion of the 2016 season , the three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 entrants . Of these , 292 horses have won a single leg of the Triple Crown , 52 horses have won two of the races ( 23 the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , 18 the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes , and 11 the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes ) , and 13 horses have won all three races . Pillory won both the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922 , a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were run on the same day . 10 of the 13 winners have been `` homebreds '' , owned at the time of their win by their breeders . Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are the only two trainers to have two horses win the Triple Crown , with Fitzsimmons training the sire / son combination of 1930 winner Gallant Fox and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert training 2015 winner American Pharoah and 2018 winner Justify . The wins by Fitzsimmons were also the first time that an owner and the first time that a breeder , Belair Stud holding both duties , had a repeat win of the Triple Crown . Calumet Farm is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses , 1941 winner Whirlaway and 1948 winner Citation . Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey to ride two horses to the Triple Crown , both for Calumet , Whirlaway and Citation . Those two horses ' trainers , Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones , were father and son . All 13 horses , and most owners , trainers , and jockeys were born in the United States . The exceptions were jockey Johnny Longden , born in England and raised in Canada ; French - born jockey Jean Cruguet ; trainer Laz Barrera , from Cuba ; and jockey Victor Espinoza , from Mexico . Secretariat 's trainer , Lucien Laurin and jockey , Ron Turcotte were both Canadians . Owner Fannie Hertz was married to John D. Hertz , who was born in Slovakia ; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt . Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he grew up and established his career there , but was born in Montana . The horse Sir Barton was foaled in the United States but had a Canadian owner , J.K.L. Ross , at the time of his Triple Crown win , while Justify 's owners were from both the United States and China . Records ( edit ) Secretariat holds the stakes record for each of the Triple Crown races , the Kentucky Derby ( 1 : 59 2 / 5 ) , the Preakness Stakes ( 1 : 53 ) , and the Belmont Stakes ( 2 : 24 ) . At 18 , Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Affirmed in 1978 . At 52 , Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown , riding Justify in 2018 . Other notable achievements ( edit ) Only one horse , Alydar , has placed ( finished second ) in all three races . He was defeated by Affirmed in all three races in 1978 by a combined margin of two lengths . His trainer John Veitch is the only trainer to have done this with one horse . In 1995 , D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only major figure ( owner , jockey , or trainer ) to win all three Triple Crown races with different horses , Thunder Gulch in the Derby and Belmont , Timber Country in the Preakness . Lukas also is the only trainer to have won six straight Triple Crown races , adding his 1995 wins , having won the 1994 Preakness and Belmont with Tabasco Cat and the 1996 Derby with Grindstone . Like Veitch , only with two different horses , Bob Baffert also had second - place finishes in all three legs of the Triple Crown , both owned by Ahmed Zayat : in 2012 , Bodemeister finished second in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness stakes to I 'll Have Another , then Paynter was entered and finished second to Union Rags . Baffert and Zayat teamed up again for the 2015 Triple Crown victory of American Pharoah . Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to sire another U.S. Triple Crown winner , Omaha . Affirmed sired Peteski , winner of the 1993 Canadian Triple Crown . Whirlaway , in addition to winning the 1941 Triple Crown , also won the Travers Stakes that year , becoming the first and only horse to date to accomplish that feat . American Pharoah , in addition to winning the 2015 Triple Crown , also won the Breeders ' Cup Classic that year . As the Breeders ' Cup was not established until 1984 , American Pharoah was the first ( and , as of 2018 , only ) horse to sweep all four races , a feat that came to be known as the Grand Slam . Gaps between wins ( edit ) California Chrome ( second from right ) was stepped on by the number 3 horse while leaving the starting gate at the 2014 Belmont Stakes After the first Triple Crown winner , Sir Barton , in 1919 , there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930 , a gap of 11 years . Between 1930 and 1948 , seven horses won the Triple Crown , with five years being the longest gap between winners . However , following the 1948 win of Citation , there was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973 . Between 1973 and 1978 , there were three Triple Crown winners . After Affirmed 's Triple Crown in 1978 , the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Spectacular Bid 's failed Triple Crown attempt at the Belmont Stakes , and lasted until American Pharoah won in 2015 . Between 1979 and 2014 thirteen horses won both the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , but either failed to win the Belmont Stakes or could not start in the race . Of those , Real Quiet came the closest to winning the Triple Crown , losing the Belmont Stakes by a nose in 1998 . Spectacular Bid finished 3rd in 1979 . Pleasant Colony finished 3rd in 1981 . Alysheba finished 4th in 1987 . Sunday Silence finished 2nd in 1989 . Real Quiet finished 2nd in 1998 . Charismatic finished 3rd in 1999 . War Emblem finished 8th in 2002 . Funny Cide finished 3rd in 2003 . Smarty Jones finished 2nd in 2004 . Big Brown did not finish in 2008 . I 'll Have Another did not start ( injury ) 2012 . California Chrome finished 4th in 2014 . In the 1979 - 2015 period , horses who contested all three races , losing the Kentucky Derby but winning the Preakness and the Belmont were Risen Star in 1988 , Hansel in 1991 , Tabasco Cat in 1994 , Point Given in 2001 , and Afleet Alex in 2005 . In 1984 , Swale and in 1995 , Thunder Gulch ran all three races , winning the Derby and the Belmont , but not the Preakness . The 37 - year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system . As far back as 1986 , reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage . In 2003 , Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of the tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes . California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014 ; he considered the system to be unfair , arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at the Belmont . By 2014 , six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown . Additionally , from 2006 to 2014 , the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness . American Pharoah was the first Belmont winner since Afleet Alex in 2005 to have run all three Triple Crown races . Unsuccessful bids ( edit ) Big Brown , the winner of the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes , at the 2008 Belmont Stakes , where he was pulled up and did not finish . Since all three races were inaugurated , as of 2017 , 23 horses have won the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont : 1932 : Burgoo King did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1936 : Bold Venture did not enter the Belmont due to lameness . 1944 : Pensive was the first horse to contest but lose the Belmont after winning the first two legs . He placed second to Bounding Home , who had neither run in the Derby nor the Preakness . 1958 : Tim Tam , defeated by six lengths by Cavan , who had neither contested the Derby nor Preakness . 1961 : Carry Back , `` sore '' after the race , was seventh of nine entries , 14 ⁄ lengths behind the winner , a longshot named Sherluck . 1964 : Northern Dancer , defeated by Quadrangle . 1966 : Kauai King , defeated by Amberoid . 1968 : Forward Pass , defeated by Stage Door Johnny by 1 ⁄ lengths . 1969 : Majestic Prince , second by 5 ⁄ lengths to Arts and Letters . Loss attributed to fatigue and lameness . 1971 : Cañonero II , fourth in the Belmont to 34 -- 1 longshot Pass Catcher , the loss attributed to a hoof problem . 1979 : Spectacular Bid , third in Belmont , was alleged to have stepped on a safety pin the morning of the race , though another theory blamed rider error by an inexperienced young jockey moving him too soon . He finished 3 ⁄ lengths behind Coastal and a neck behind the second - place horse , Golden Act . 1981 : Pleasant Colony , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Summing and the second - place horse , Highland Blade . 1987 : Alysheba finished fourth in Belmont behind Bet Twice , Cryptoclearance , and Gulch . 1989 : Sunday Silence , second in Belmont , eight lengths behind Easy Goer . 1997 : Silver Charm , second in Belmont , ⁄ length behind Touch Gold . 1998 : Real Quiet , second in Belmont after a photo finish , a nose behind Victory Gallop . 1999 : Charismatic , third in Belmont , 1 ⁄ lengths behind Lemon Drop Kid and second - place Vision and Verse . Charismatic was pulled up soon after the finish , vanned off with a bone fracture . He survived and was retired to stud . 2002 : War Emblem stumbled at gate in Belmont , finished eighth out of 11 . Winner Sarava scored upset at record odds of 70 - 1 . 2003 : Funny Cide , third in Belmont , five lengths behind Empire Maker , and 4 ⁄ lengths behind second - place horse , Ten Most Wanted . 2004 : Smarty Jones , second in Belmont , one length behind Birdstone . 2008 : Big Brown was pulled up in the home stretch of the Belmont , eased to a last - place finish . Winner was Da ' Tara . A hoof problem had limited Big Brown 's training , and may have been a factor in his defeat . 2012 : I 'll Have Another was scratched from the Belmont the day before the race due to a tendon injury . 2014 : California Chrome finished in a dead heat for 4th in the Belmont after being stepped on by another horse leaving the gate and running the race with an injury to his heel and a scrape on his tendon . Sponsorship and broadcasting ( edit ) See also : Sports broadcasting contracts in the United States Originally , the three races largely organized their own nominations procedure , marketing and television broadcast rights . In 1985 , Triple Crown Productions was created when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of a financial incentive offered to any Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey . The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together . Efforts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated a deal with Chrysler to pay $5 million to any horse that swept all three races , and $1 million each year there was no Triple Crown sweep to the horse with the highest combined Triple Crown finish . This sponsorship lasted until 1993 . The end of the $1 million participation bonus was linked to the breakdown of Prairie Bayou at the Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that arose when the Kentucky Derby winner , Sea Hero , was given the bonus following a seventh - place finish . In 1995 , Visa USA took over the sponsorship with a 10 - year contract , naming the series the Visa Triple Crown and offering only the $5 million bonus to a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown . Along with sponsorship by VISA , NBC Sports paid $51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races , with the revenue split giving 50 % of the total to Churchill Downs and 25 % each to Pimlico and to the New York Racing Association ( NYRA ) . The Visa deal -- and the cooperative effort -- ended after 2005 . The NYRA felt that they did not get a fair share of the revenue , particularly when the Belmont had the highest ratings of all three races in the years where a Triple Crown was on the line . From 2001 through 2013 , average viewership for the Belmont was 7 million when the Triple Crown was not at stake , whereas viewership averaged 13 million when it was . With the contract term ending , the NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for the 2006 Belmont , while the broadcasts of the Derby and Preakness remained with NBC . Visa chose to remain as a sponsor of only Kentucky Derby for the next five years . As a result of the divided broadcast , Triple Crown Productions was unable to obtain a new sponsor . Years Sponsor Bonuses 1987 -- 1993 Chrysler Corporation $1 million ( best overall record ) $5 million ( three wins ) 1995 -- 2005 Visa USA $5 million ( three wins ) 2006 -- present Triple Crown Productions None In February 2011 , ABC / ESPN dropped out of the negotiations to renew broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes . NBC obtained the contract through 2015 , once again uniting all three races on the same network . In 2014 , NBC extended their contract for the Kentucky Derby through 2025 . As of August 2015 , NBC obtained a broadcast contract for the Belmont through 2020 and the Preakness through 2022 . Individual race winners ( edit ) See also : Triple Crown Productions § Highest combined Triple Crown finish Key for full list of race winners Denotes winners of the Triple Crown * Denotes winners of the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont # Denotes other winners of any other combination of 2 out of the 3 Triple Crown races Full list of race winners Year Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes 1867 Ruthless 1868 General Duke 1869 Fenian 1870 Kingfisher 1871 Harry Bassett 1872 Joe Daniels 1873 Survivor Springbok 1874 Culpepper Saxon 1875 Aristides Tom Ochiltree Calvin 1876 Vagrant Shirley Algerine 1877 Baden - Baden # Cloverbrook # Cloverbrook 1878 Day Star # Duke of Magenta # Duke of Magenta 1879 Lord Murphy Harold Spendthrift 1880 Fonso # Grenada # Grenada 1881 Hindoo # Saunterer # Saunterer 1882 Apollo Vanguard Forester 1883 Leonatus Jacobus George Kinney 1884 Buchanan Knight of Ellerslie Panique 1885 Joe Cotton Tecumseh Tyrant 1886 Ben Ali The Bard Inspector B 1887 Montrose Dunboyne Hanover 1888 Macbeth II Refund Sir Dixon 1889 Spokane Buddhist Eric 1890 Riley Montague Burlington 1891 Kingman Foxford 1892 Azra Patron 1893 Lookout Commanche 1894 Chant Assignee Henry of Navarre 1895 Halma # Belmar # Belmar 1896 Ben Brush Margrave Hastings 1897 Typhoon II Paul Kauvar Scottish Chieftain 1898 Plaudit Sly Fox Bowling Brook 1899 Manuel Half Time Jean Bereaud 1900 Lieut . Gibson Hindus Ildrim 1901 His Eminence The Parader Commando 1902 Alan - a-Dale Old England Masterman 1903 Judge Himes Flocarline Africander 1904 Elwood Bryn Mawr Delhi 1905 Agile Cairngorm Tanya 1906 Sir Huon Whimsical Burgomaster 1907 Pink Star Don Enrique Peter Pan I 1908 Stone Street Royal Tourist Colin 1909 Wintergreen Effendi Joe Madden 1910 Donau Layminster Sweep 1911 Meridian Watervale 1912 Worth Colonel Holloway 1913 Donerail Buskin Prince Eugene 1914 Old Rosebud Holiday Luke McLuke 1915 Regret Rhine Maiden The Finn 1916 George Smith Damrosch Friar Rock 1917 Omar Khayyam Kalitan Hourless 1918 Exterminator War Cloud Jack Hare , Jr . Johren 1919 Sir Barton Sir Barton Sir Barton 1920 Paul Jones # Man o ' War # Man o ' War 1921 Behave Yourself Broomspun Grey Lag 1922 Morvich # Pillory # Pillory 1923 # Zev Vigil # Zev 1924 Black Gold Nellie Morse Mad Play 1925 Flying Ebony Coventry American Flag 1926 Bubbling Over Display Crusader 1927 Whiskery Bostonian Chance Shot 1928 Reigh Count Victorian Vito 1929 Clyde Van Dusen Dr. Freeland Blue Larkspur 1930 Gallant Fox Gallant Fox Gallant Fox 1931 # Twenty Grand Mate # Twenty Grand 1932 * Burgoo King * Burgoo King Faireno 1933 Brokers Tip Head Play Hurryoff 1934 Cavalcade High Quest Peace Chance 1935 Omaha Omaha Omaha 1936 * Bold Venture * Bold Venture Granville 1937 War Admiral War Admiral War Admiral 1938 Lawrin Dauber Pasteurized 1939 # Johnstown Challedon # Johnstown 1940 Gallahadion # Bimelech # Bimelech 1941 Whirlaway Whirlaway Whirlaway 1942 # Shut Out Alsab # Shut Out 1943 Count Fleet Count Fleet Count Fleet 1944 * Pensive * Pensive Bounding Home 1945 Hoop Jr . Polynesian Pavot 1946 Assault Assault Assault 1947 Jet Pilot Faultless Phalanx 1948 Citation Citation Citation 1949 Ponder # Capot # Capot 1950 # Middleground Hill Prince # Middleground 1951 Count Turf Bold Counterpoint 1952 Hill Gail Blue Man One Count 1953 Dark Star # Native Dancer # Native Dancer 1954 Determine Hasty Road High Gun 1955 Swaps # Nashua # Nashua 1956 # Needles Fabius # Needles 1957 Iron Liege Bold Ruler Gallant Man 1958 * Tim Tam * Tim Tam Cavan 1959 Tomy Lee Royal Orbit Sword Dancer 1960 Venetian Way Bally Ache Celtic Ash 1961 * Carry Back * Carry Back Sherluck 1962 Decidedly Greek Money Jaipur 1963 # Chateaugay Candy Spots # Chateaugay 1964 * Northern Dancer * Northern Dancer Quadrangle 1965 Lucky Debonair Tom Rolfe Hail To All 1966 * Kauai King * Kauai King Amberoid 1967 Proud Clarion # Damascus # Damascus 1968 * Forward Pass * Forward Pass Stage Door Johnny 1969 * Majestic Prince * Majestic Prince Arts and Letters 1970 Dust Commander Personality High Echelon 1971 * Canonero II * Canonero II Pass Catcher 1972 # Riva Ridge Bee Bee Bee # Riva Ridge 1973 Secretariat Secretariat Secretariat Cannonade # Little Current # Little Current Foolish Pleasure Master Derby Avatar 1976 # Bold Forbes Elocutionist # Bold Forbes 1977 Seattle Slew Seattle Slew Seattle Slew 1978 Affirmed Affirmed Affirmed 1979 * Spectacular Bid * Spectacular Bid Coastal 1980 Genuine Risk Codex Temperence Hill 1981 * Pleasant Colony * Pleasant Colony Summing 1982 Gato Del Sol Aloma 's Ruler Conquistador Cielo Sunny 's Halo Deputed Testamony Caveat 1984 # Swale Gate Dancer # Swale 1985 Spend A Buck Tank 's Prospect Creme Fraiche 1986 Ferdinand Snow Chief Danzig Connection * Alysheba * Alysheba Bet Twice 1988 Winning Colors # Risen Star # Risen Star 1989 * Sunday Silence * Sunday Silence Easy Goer 1990 Unbridled Summer Squall Go And Go 1991 Strike the Gold # Hansel # Hansel 1992 Lil E. Tee Pine Bluff A.P. Indy 1993 Sea Hero Prairie Bayou Colonial Affair 1994 Go for Gin # Tabasco Cat # Tabasco Cat 1995 # Thunder Gulch Timber Country # Thunder Gulch Grindstone Louis Quatorze Editor 's Note 1997 * Silver Charm * Silver Charm Touch Gold 1998 * Real Quiet * Real Quiet Victory Gallop 1999 * Charismatic * Charismatic Lemon Drop Kid 2000 Fusaichi Pegasus Red Bullet Commendable 2001 Monarchos # Point Given # Point Given 2002 * War Emblem * War Emblem Sarava 2003 * Funny Cide * Funny Cide Empire Maker * Smarty Jones * Smarty Jones Birdstone 2005 Giacomo # Afleet Alex # Afleet Alex 2006 Barbaro Bernardini Jazil 2007 Street Sense Curlin Rags to Riches 2008 * Big Brown * Big Brown Da ' Tara 2009 Mine That Bird Rachel Alexandra Summer Bird Super Saver Lookin at Lucky Drosselmeyer 2011 Animal Kingdom Shackleford Ruler on Ice 2012 * I 'll Have Another * I 'll Have Another Union Rags 2013 Orb Oxbow Palace Malice 2014 * California Chrome * California Chrome Tonalist 2015 American Pharoah American Pharoah American Pharoah 2016 Nyquist Exaggerator Creator 2017 Always Dreaming Cloud Computing Tapwrit 2018 Justify Justify Justify 2019 Notes Jump up ^ These were 2002 for War Emblem , 2003 for Funny Cide and 2004 for Smarty Jones . Jump up ^ The 1890 Preakness Stakes was held at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx , New York . ^ Jump up to : From 1894 to 1908 , the Preakness Stakes were held at Gravesend Race Track on Coney Island , New York . ^ Jump up to : In 1917 and 1922 , the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were held on the same day . ^ Jump up to : The 1918 Preakness Stakes was held in two divisions due to a large field . War Cloud won one and Jack Hare , Jr. the other . ^ Jump up to : Due to reconstruction at Belmont Park , the Belmont Stakes were held at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York from 1963 to 1967 . Jump up ^ Dancer 's Image was disqualified as the winner of the 1968 Kentucky Derby due to a post-race failed drug test . Jump up ^ I 'll Have Another was scratched the afternoon prior to the Belmont due to tendonitis and was unable to attempt to win the race . Denotes a filly . Fillies won the Kentucky Derby in 1915 , 1980 , and 1988 , Preakness Stakes in 1903 , 1906 , 1915 , 1924 , and 2009 , and Belmont Stakes in 1867 , 1905 , and 2007 . Race not run . The Belmont was not run in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-betting legislation passed in New York State . The Preakness did not run 1891 -- 1893 . See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Kentucky Derby , Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes . Book : Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing ( United States ) American thoroughbred racing top attended events British Classic Races French Classic Races Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Secretariat remains No. 1 name in racing '' . ESPN . Retrieved July 22 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Christine , Bill ( June 4 , 1989 ) . `` The Spoilers : Last Jewel of Triple Crown Has Been Stolen 11 Times -- Will Sunday Silence Be Next Victim of an Upset ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liebman , Bennett ( April 24 , 2008 ) . `` The Rail : The Race for the Triple Crown - Origins of Triple Crown '' . The New York Times . New York , NY . Retrieved May 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` History & Tradition of the Triple Crown '' . OD Action . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 12 , 2007 ) . `` Where Are the Fillies ? '' . Washington Post . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Genaro , Teresa ( June 7 , 2011 ) . `` The Triple Tiara '' . Hello Race Fans . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 1 , 2003 ) . `` Where No Gelding Has Gone Before '' . New York Times . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` History : Horses '' . Belmont Stakes . Archived from the original on 2 December 2015 . Retrieved 27 October 2015 . Jump up ^ Kane , Mike ( June 6 , 2014 ) . `` 10 things to know about the Triple Crown '' . Courier - Journal . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Kentucky Derby '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Preakness Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Preakness Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Belmont Stakes '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes '' . Triple Crown Productions . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Belmont Stakes History '' . Belmont - Stakes Info . Archived from the original on May 30 , 2015 . Retrieved May 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Triple Crown Winners '' . The New York Racing Association . June 8 , 2015 . Retrieved June 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Angst , Frank ( June 10 , 2015 ) . `` The Figs : American Pharoah 's Triple Crown '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sham : In the Shadow of a Superhorse '' . California Thoroughbred . Retrieved May 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Hegarty , Matt ( June 19 , 2012 ) . `` Secretariat awarded Preakness record at 1 : 53 after review '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Christine , Bill ( December 29 , 2011 ) . `` 10 most unbreakable records ( 10 - 6 ) '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 2012 Kentucky Derby -- I 'll Have Another rallies to win at Churchill Downs - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Canadian Triple Crown Winner Peteski Dies from Colic '' . BloodHorse.com. April 8 , 2001 . Retrieved August 11 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Grand Slam - ESPN.com Jump up ^ American Pharoah - Breeder 's Cup.com Jump up ^ `` The Courier - Google News Archive Search '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Charlie Rose ( July 21 , 2003 ) . `` A rebroadcast of a discussion about the film Seabiscuit '' . Charlie Rose . Archived from the original on September 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Brennan : Cherry - pick races and Triple Crown extinct '' . USA Today . Retrieved June 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Betting against California Chrome ? Fresh horses typically win Belmont Stakes '' . Newsday . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ ESPN News Service ( June 6 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah claims first Triple Crown since 1978 '' . ESPN . Retrieved June 6 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Drape , Joe ( 2008 ) . To the swift : classic Triple Crown horses and their race for glory ( 1st ed . ) . New York : St. Martin 's Press . ISBN 9780312357955 . Jump up ^ Drager , Marvin . `` Majestic Prince '' . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Glauber , Bill ( May 19 , 1991 ) . `` Canonero II came close to Triple Crowning glory '' . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( June 1 , 2015 ) . `` American Pharoah Eyes Triple Crown Sweep '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Oakford , Glenye Cain ( September 17 , 2011 ) . `` Spectacular Bid , 27 , dead '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hovdey , Jay ( May 31 , 2012 ) . `` Triple Crown near - misses : Pleasant Colony , 1981 '' . Daily Racing Form . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Finn , Robin ( June 7 , 1987 ) . `` BELMONT STAKES ; On Bumpy Road to Crown , Alysheba Is Left Behind '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 8 , 1997 ) . `` Touch Gold Sneaks In to Steal Silver Charm 's Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph ( June 7 , 1998 ) . `` THE 130TH BELMONT STAKES ; Victory Gallop 's Charge Keeps Real Quiet Short of Posterity '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Durso , Joseph . `` HORSE RACING ; Charismatic 's Bid Ends in Injury and Defeat '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 9 , 2002 ) . `` Early Stumble Dooms War Emblem 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 8 , 2003 ) . `` Empire Maker Ends Funny Cide 's Triple Crown Bid '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Drape , Joe ( June 6 , 2004 ) . `` At Smarty Jones 's Coronation , Birdstone Makes Off With the Crown '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Beyer , Andrew ( June 11 , 2008 ) . `` The Story Behind Big Brown 's Bad Belmont May Never Be Known '' . Washington Post . Retrieved June 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Claire Novak ( June 8 , 2014 ) . `` ' Chrome ' Co-Owner Has No Regrets for Comments '' . BloodHorse.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Paulick , Ray ( November 17 , 2010 ) . `` Selling Triple Crown As A Package Deal '' . Paulick Report . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Chrysler to Sponsor Triple Crown Challenge '' . Ocala Star - Banner . Associated Press . September 24 , 1987 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Staff ( May 2 , 2005 ) . `` VIsa to End Triple Crown Challenge Sponsorship '' . Blood - Horse . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sandomir , Richard ( May 19 , 2014 ) . `` Looking for a Sure Thing in the Belmont Stakes ? Bet on NBC '' . New York Times . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` NBC reaches deal to keep Kentucky Derby rights through 2015 '' . Daily Hampshire Gazette - GazetteNet.com . Associated Press . October 8 , 2010 . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2012 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sharrow , Ryan ( February 22 , 2011 ) . `` NBC re-ups deal to carry Preakness through 2015 '' . Jump up ^ `` NBC Signs Five Year Deal To Televise Belmont Stakes '' . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` New Pact Keeps Kentucky Derby in NBC Stable Through 2025 '' ( Press Release ) . February 26 , 2014 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Liz Mullen ( August 10 , 2015 ) . `` Nbc Sports Group Extends Belmont Contract Through 2020 '' . Sports Business Daily . Retrieved May 8 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Preakness Stakes - History '' . preakness-stakes.info . Archived from the original on April 13 , 2015 . Retrieved May 18 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Official website BloodHorse.com Triple Crown Mania Ten Things You Should Know About the Triple Crown at Hello Race Fans Triple Crown Winners -- slideshow by Life magazine Triple Crowns of horse racing United States Thoroughbred Racing Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Belmont Stakes Harness Racing Pacers Cane Pace Messenger Stakes Little Brown Jug Harness Racing Trotters Hambletonian Yonkers Trot Kentucky Futurity Great Britain Thoroughbred Racing 2000 Guineas Stakes Epsom Derby St Leger Stakes Ireland Thoroughbred Racing Irish 2,000 Guineas Irish Derby Irish St. Leger Canada Thoroughbred Racing Queen 's Plate Prince of Wales Stakes Breeders ' Stakes Australia Thoroughbred Racing Randwick Guineas Rosehill Guineas Australian Derby Related topics Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Canadian Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing Breeders ' Cup Classic Breeders ' Cup Distaff Kentucky Derby Races 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Churchill Downs Top 4 finishers Festival Museum Road to the Kentucky Derby `` My Old Kentucky Home '' Triple Crown Trophy Mint julep Derby pie Kentucky Oaks Broadcasters `` The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved '' Kentucky Derby Winners Preakness Stakes Pimlico 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1885 1886 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 ( 1891 - 1893 race not run ) Gravesend 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Pimlico 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top four finishers Broadcasters `` Maryland , My Maryland '' Woodlawn Vase Triple Crown Preakness Stakes Winners Belmont Stakes Jerome Park 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 Morris Park 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 Belmont Park 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Aqueduct 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Belmont Park 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Related Top three finishers Broadcasters August Belmont Trophy `` The Sidewalks of New York '' `` Theme from New York , New York '' Triple Crown Belmont Stakes Winners American Thoroughbred horse racing honor for winning three specific stakes races as a three - year - old Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_(United_States)&oldid=846146651 '' Categories : Belmont Stakes Kentucky Derby Preakness Stakes Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from June 2015 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2015 Articles with short description Talk Contents About Wikipedia 日本 語 Edit links This page was last edited on 16 June 2018 , at 17 : 16 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when was the last time we had a triple crown winner | ['In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.'] | ['2015'] | In the history of the Triple Crown, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners. |
[question]: Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown.
[answer]: Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | Name all 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown. | Sure! Here are the 13 horses that have won the Triple Crown:
1. Sir Barton (1919)
2. Gallant Fox (1930)
3. Omaha (1935)
4. War Admiral (1937)
5. Whirlaway (1941)
6. Count Fleet (1943)
7. Assault (1946)
8. Citation (1948)
9. Secretariat (1973)
10. Seattle Slew (1977)
11. Affirmed (1978)
12. American Pharoah (2015)
13. Justify (2018) | 1 | 8.500965 | 57 | 61 | 1 |
13,488 | -4,185,970,968,079,731,000 | Law & Order | Law & Order - Wikipedia Law & Order Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the original television series . For its spin - offs , see Law & Order ( franchise ) . For other uses , see Law and Order . Law & Order The series title card . The font , Friz Quadrata , is used in the identifying sign of One Police Plaza , headquarters of the NYPD . Genre Police procedural Legal drama Created by Dick Wolf Starring George Dzundza Chris Noth Dann Florek Michael Moriarty Richard Brooks Steven Hill Paul Sorvino Carolyn McCormick Jerry Orbach S. Epatha Merkerson Jill Hennessy Sam Waterston Benjamin Bratt Carey Lowell Angie Harmon Jesse L. Martin Dianne Wiest Elisabeth Röhm Fred Dalton Thompson Dennis Farina Annie Parisse Michael Imperioli Milena Govich Alana de la Garza Jeremy Sisto Linus Roache Anthony Anderson Theme music composer Mike Post Opening theme Theme of Law & Order Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 20 No. of episodes 456 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) Dick Wolf ( 1990 - 2010 ) William M. Finkelstein ( 2000 - 01 ) Arthur Penn ( 2000 - 01 ) Peter Jankowski ( 2001 - 10 ) Matthew Penn ( 2003 - 07 ) Nicholas Wootton ( 2005 - 07 ) Fred Berner ( 2008 - 10 ) Producer ( s ) Lorenzo Carcaterra ( 2003 - 04 ) Aaron Zelman ( 2003 - 04 ) Nick Santora ( 2004 - 05 ) Lois Johnson ( 2004 - 05 ) Greg Plageman ( 2005 - 06 ) Christopher Ambrose ( 2008 - 10 ) Location ( s ) New York City , New York Running time 40 -- 48 minutes Production company ( s ) Wolf Films Universal Television ( 1990 -- 98 , 2002 -- 04 ) Studios USA ( 1998 -- 2002 ) NBC Universal Television Studio ( 2004 -- 07 ) Universal Media Studios ( 2007 -- 10 ) Distributor NBCUniversal Television Distribution Release Original network NBC Picture format 480i ( SDTV ) ( seasons 1 - 11 ) 1080i ( HDTV ) ( seasons 12 - 20 ) Original release September 13 , 1990 ( 1990 - 09 - 13 ) -- May 24 , 2010 ( 2010 - 05 - 24 ) Chronology Related shows Law & Order franchise www.nbc.com/Law_&_Order/ Law & Order is an American police procedural and legal drama television series , created by Dick Wolf and part of the Law & Order franchise . It originally aired on NBC and , in syndication , on various cable networks . Law & Order premiered on September 13 , 1990 , and completed its 20th and final season on May 24 , 2010 . At the time of its cancellation , Law & Order was the longest - running crime drama on American primetime television . Its record of 20 seasons is a tie with Gunsmoke ( 1955 -- 75 ) for the longest - running live - action scripted American prime - time series with ongoing characters . Although it has fewer episodes than Gunsmoke , Law & Order ranks as the longest - running hour - long primetime TV series . Gunsmoke , for its first six seasons , was originally a half - hour program . Set and filmed in New York City , the series follows a two - part approach : the first half - hour is the investigation of a crime ( usually murder ) and apprehension of a suspect by New York City Police Department detectives ; the second half is the prosecution of the defendant by the Manhattan District Attorney 's Office . Plots are often based on real cases that recently made headlines , although the motivation for the crime and the perpetrator may be different . The show has been noted for its revolving cast over the years . Among the longest - running main cast members were Steven Hill as District Attorney Adam Schiff ( seasons 1 -- 10 ) , Jerry Orbach as Detective Lennie Briscoe ( seasons 3 -- 14 ) , S. Epatha Merkerson as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren ( seasons 4 -- 20 ) , Sam Waterston as Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy ( seasons 5 -- 20 ; later District Attorney ) and Jesse L. Martin as Detective Ed Green ( seasons 10 -- 18 ) . The success of the series has led to the creation of additional shows , making Law & Order a franchise , with also a television film , several video games , and international adaptations of the series . It has won and has been nominated for numerous awards over the years , including a number of Emmy Awards . On May 14 , 2010 , NBC announced that it had canceled Law & Order and would air the final episode on May 24 , 2010 . Immediately following the show 's cancellation , Wolf stated that he was attempting to find a new home for the series and would also consider a `` last resort '' plan to conclude the show with a two - hour TV film to air on NBC . In July 2010 , however , he indicated that those attempts had failed and declared that the series had now `` moved to the history books '' . However , in February 2015 , rumors started that NBC was planning to bring the series back for 10 episodes . In May 2015 , former star Sam Waterston ( EADA / DA Jack McCoy ) announced to The Hollywood Reporter that he supports and would join a revival of Law & Order , saying : `` You 're darn right . Sure , I 'd love it . Got to break the record . '' Creator Dick Wolf has expressed wanting to use a L&O revival to do a `` ripped from the headlines '' storyline surrounding the murder trial of Robert Durst , Wolf said `` ( Of all my past projects ) I 'd bring back Law & Order . Everybody who knows me knows it 's something I want to do , '' he continued , `` my only regret looking backward is all the great stories that we have n't been able to do for the past five years . '' At the 2015 Television Critics Association summer press tour , Wolf noted everyone wants a revival , `` It is a question of ... most of the people involved are very successful in their careers . To try to get everything in sequence is much more difficult than it looks on the outside . I am always an optimist . I would love to do it if we can make it work . '' Contents ( hide ) 1 Production 1.1 History and development 1.2 Filming 1.3 Music and sound effects 2 Casting and characters 3 Format 3.1 The police portion 3.2 The trial portion 3.3 `` Ripped from the headlines '' 4 Episodes 5 Broadcast history 5.1 Syndication 6 Cancellation 7 Spin - offs , tie - ins , and adaptations 8 Ratings 9 Awards and honors 10 DVD releases 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Notes 12.2 Bibliography 13 External links Production ( edit ) History and development ( edit ) In 1988 , Dick Wolf developed a concept for a new television series that would depict a relatively optimistic picture of the American criminal justice system . He initially toyed with the idea of calling it Night & Day but then hit upon the title Law & Order . The first half of each episode would follow two detectives ( a senior and a junior detective ) and their commanding officer as they investigate a violent crime . The second half of the episode would follow the District Attorney 's Office and the courts as two prosecutors , with advice from the District Attorney himself , attempt to convict the accused . Through this , Law & Order would be able to investigate some of the larger issues of the day by focusing on stories that were based on real cases making headlines . Wolf took the idea to then - president of Universal Television Kerry McCluggage , who pointed out the similarity to a 1963 series titled Arrest and Trial , which lasted one season . The two watched the pilot of that series , in which a police officer ( Ben Gazzara ) arrested a man for armed robbery in the first half , and the defense attorney , played by Chuck Connors gets the perpetrator off as the wrong guy in the second half ; this was the formula of the show every week . Wolf decided that , while his detectives would occasionally also be fallible , he wanted a fresh approach to the genre , to go from police procedural to prosecution with a greater degree of realism . In addition , the prosecution would be the hero , a reversal of the usual formula in lawyer dramas . Initially , Fox ordered thirteen episodes based on the concept alone , with no pilot . Then - network head Barry Diller reversed the decision . Although he loved the idea , he did n't believe it was a `` Fox show '' . Wolf then went to CBS , which ordered a pilot , `` Everybody 's Favorite Bagman '' , written by Wolf about corrupt city officials involved with the mob . The network liked the pilot but did not order it because there were no breakout stars . In the summer of 1989 , NBC 's top executives , Brandon Tartikoff and Warren Littlefield , screened the pilot and liked it ; but they were concerned the intensity of the series could not be repeated week after week . However , by 1990 , NBC executives had enough confidence that the innovative show could appeal to a wide audience that they ordered the series for a full season . Filming ( edit ) The series was shot on location in New York City and is known for its extensive use of local color . In later seasons , New York City mayors Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg , attorney William Kunstler and Bronx Congressman José Serrano all appeared on the show as themselves . Local personalities also had recurring cameos as fictional characters , such as Donna Hanover and Fran Lebowitz as judges . On September 14 , 2004 , in New York City , a road leading to Pier 62 at Chelsea Piers ( where the series was mostly shot ) was renamed `` Law & Order Way '' in tribute to the series . Music and sound effects ( edit ) Audio samples of Law & Order ( media help ) Opening Theme The Law & Order `` clang '' sound Problems playing these files ? See media help . The music for Law & Order was composed by veteran composer Mike Post , and was deliberately designed to be minimal to match the abbreviated style of the series . Post wrote the theme song using electric piano , guitar , and clarinet . In addition , scene changes were accompanied by a tone generated by Post . He refers to the tone as `` The Clang , '' while Entertainment Weekly critic Ken Tucker has referred to the sound as the `` ominous chung CHUNG '' , actor Dann Florek ( in a promo ) as the `` doink doink '' , and Richard Belzer as `` the Dick Wolf Cash Register Sound . '' The tone moves the viewer from scene to scene , jumping forward in time with all the importance and immediacy of a judge 's gavel -- which is exactly what Post was aiming for when he created it . `` The Clang '' is an amalgamation of nearly a dozen sounds , including an actual gavel , a jail door slamming , and five hundred Japanese monks walking across a hardwood floor . The sound has become so associated with the Law & Order brand that it was also carried over to other series of the franchise . The UK - aired Channel Five versions of seasons 7 -- 16 of Law & Order and Seasons 1 -- 9 of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit feature the song `` I 'm Not Driving Anymore '' by Rob Dougan in the opening credits with `` Urban Warfare '' by Paul Dinletir being used for Seasons 10 -- 11 after that Seasons 16 -- 20 of Law & Order and Seasons 12 + of SVU used the US theme . Another Rob Dougan track , `` There 's Only Me '' , was used as the theme for seasons 1 -- 6 of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , with Urban Warfare again being used for Seasons 7 -- 8 and the US theme being used for Seasons 9 -- 10 . Casting and characters ( edit ) Main article : List of Law & Order characters See also : List of Law & Order cast members Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Max Greevey George Dzundza Senior Detective ( Sergeant ) Main Mike Logan Chris Noth Junior Detective Main Donald Cragen Dann Florek Captain Main Guest Guest Guest Ben Stone Michael Moriarty Executive Assistant District Attorney Main Paul Robinette Richard Brooks Assistant District Attorney Main Guest Guest Adam Schiff Steven Hill District Attorney Main Phil Cerreta Paul Sorvino Senior Detective ( Sergeant ) Main Elizabeth Olivet Carolyn McCormick Psychologist Guest Also Starring Guest Guest Guest Lennie Briscoe Jerry Orbach Senior Detective Main Anita Van Buren S. Epatha Merkerson Lieutenant Main Claire Kincaid Jill Hennessy Assistant District Attorney Main Jack McCoy Sam Waterston Executive Assistant District Attorney , District Attorney Main Rey Curtis Benjamin Bratt Junior Detective Main Guest Jamie Ross Carey Lowell Assistant District Attorney Main Guest Abbie Carmichael Angie Harmon Assistant District Attorney Main Ed Green Jesse L. Martin Junior Detective , Senior Detective Main Nora Lewin Dianne Wiest Interim District Attorney Main Serena Southerlyn Elisabeth Röhm Assistant District Attorney Main Arthur Branch Fred Thompson District Attorney Main Joe Fontana Dennis Farina Senior Detective Main Nick Falco Michael Imperioli Junior Detective Main Guest Alexandra Borgia Annie Parisse Assistant District Attorney Main Nina Cassady Milena Govich Junior Detective Main Connie Rubirosa Alana de la Garza Assistant District Attorney Main Cyrus Lupo Jeremy Sisto Junior Detective , Senior Detective Main Michael Cutter Linus Roache Executive Assistant District Attorney Main Kevin Bernard Anthony Anderson Junior Detective Main Cast of Law & Order Season 1 ( 1990 -- 91 ) , from left : George Dzundza , Michael Moriarty , Chris Noth and Richard Brooks Season 2 ( 1991 -- 92 ) , from left : Paul Sorvino , Moriarty , Noth and Brooks ( This was also initially the cast of Season 3 , until Sorvino left mid-way through the season and was replaced by Jerry Orbach ) Season 6 ( 1995 -- 96 ) , from left : Benjamin Bratt , Sam Waterston , Jerry Orbach and Jill Hennessy ( This was the first cast line - up to not feature any of the originals , aside from Steven Hill ) Seasons 7 -- 8 ( 1996 -- 98 ) , from left : Bratt , Orbach , Waterston and Carey Lowell ( This was the first cast line - up to last more than one complete season ) Seasons 19 -- 20 ( 2008 -- 10 ) , from left : Anthony Anderson , Alana de la Garza , Linus Roache and Jeremy Sisto ( This was also the cast at the end of Season 18 , after Anderson replaced Jesse L. Martin ) For the 1988 pilot , George Dzundza and Chris Noth were cast as the original detectives , Sergeant Max Greevey and Detective Mike Logan . The producers felt that Dzundza would be a perfect senior police officer as he was someone the producers felt they could see themselves riding along with in a police cruiser . Noth and Michael Madsen were candidates for the role of Logan . Madsen initially was considered the perfect choice for the role , but , in a final reading , it was felt that Madsen 's acting mannerisms were repetitive , and Noth received the role instead . Rounding out the police cast , Dann Florek was cast as Captain Donald Cragen . On the prosecutor 's side , Michael Moriarty was Dick Wolf 's choice to play Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin `` Ben '' Stone . The network , however , preferred James Naughton , but , in the end , Wolf 's choice would prevail , and Moriarty received the role . As his ADA , Richard Brooks and Eriq La Salle were being considered for the role of Paul Robinette . The network favored La Salle but , once again , the producers ' choice prevailed , and Brooks received the role . As their boss , Roy Thinnes was cast as District Attorney Alfred Wentworth . Nearly two years passed between the pilot and production of the series . The producers held options on Dzundza , Noth , Moriarty and Brooks . Each was paid holding money for the additional year and brought back . Florek also returned . Thinnes , however , was starring in Dark Shadows and declined to return . In his place , the producers tapped Steven Hill to play District Attorney Adam Schiff , a character loosely based on real - life New York County District Attorney Robert Morgenthau . Hill brought prestige and experience to the show and , as such , the producers allowed Hill to give insight on the direction he thought the character should go . Dzundza was disappointed when he realized that the show would be more of an ensemble show rather than a show starring him . Though the cast liked his performance , they increasingly felt uncomfortable around Dzundza , who was also under stress due to the constant commute between New York City and his home in Los Angeles . Dzundza quit after only one season on the show , and Sergeant Greevey was written off as being killed in the line of duty . He was replaced by Paul Sorvino as Sergeant Phil Cerreta , who was considered more even tempered than either Max Greevey or Mike Logan . Sorvino was initially excited about the role , but would leave midway through the next season , citing the exhausting schedule demanded by the filming of the show , a need to broaden his horizons , and the desire to preserve his vocal cords for singing opera as reasons for leaving the show . Sergeant Cerreta was written off as having been shot in the line of duty and transferring to a desk job at another precinct . To replace Sorvino on the series , Wolf cast Jerry Orbach ( who had previously guest starred as a defense attorney in the Season 2 episode `` The Wages of Love '' ) in the role of Detective Leonard W. `` Lennie '' Briscoe . Orbach 's characterization of the world - weary , wisecracking Detective Briscoe was based on a similar NYPD character he portrayed in the 1981 film Prince Of The City , which Wolf had personally requested Orbach to replicate for the show . Introduced on a recurring basis during Season 2 was Carolyn McCormick as Dr. Elizabeth Olivet , a police psychologist brought in on a case - by - case basis . NBC had been pushing for the producers to add female characters to the all male cast . She was added to the opening credits as `` also starring '' in Season 3 and 4 but , despite the attempts of the producers to include her in as many episodes as possible , it was found to be difficult to incorporate her into the show due to the format leaning heavily on the police and prosecutors . She was removed from the credits in Season 5 . McCormick stayed with the show on a recurring basis , but believed that the character had become less profound and complex , and that her role had been reduced mostly to `` psychobabble . '' She left to star on Cracker after Season 7 . After the cancellation of Cracker , she returned beginning in Season 13 and appeared occasionally until Season 20 . By the end of Season 3 , NBC executives still felt the show did not have enough female characters . On the orders of then - network president Warren Littlefield , new female characters had to be added to the cast or the show would face possible cancellation on its relegated Friday night time slot . Wolf realized that , since there were only six characters on the show , someone had to be dismissed . He chose to dismiss Florek and Brooks from the regular roster , and later said it was the hardest two phone calls he had ever made . Though producers initially claimed the firings , especially that of Brooks , who was said not to get along with Moriarty , were for other reasons , Wolf confirmed that the firings were on the orders of Littlefield . To replace Florek , S. Epatha Merkerson was cast as new squad leader Lieutenant Anita Van Buren . ( Merkerson had previously guest starred as a mother of a gunshot victim in the Season 1 episode `` Mushrooms . '' ) To replace Brooks , Jill Hennessy was cast as Assistant District Attorney Claire Kincaid . Though no initial explanation was given on the show for the departures of Florek 's or Brooks 's characters , they would both later return in guest appearances , with Captain Cragen having been reassigned to the Internal Affairs Bureau and ADA Robinette having become a defense attorney . Florek also returned to direct a few episodes , and his character was eventually added to the cast of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . Meanwhile , Moriarty 's behavior both on and off the set became problematic for Wolf . After a public statement in which Moriarty called Attorney General Janet Reno a `` psychopathic Nazi '' for her efforts to censor television violence , Moriarty engaged in a verbal confrontation with Reno at a dinner in Washington , D.C. Wolf asked Moriarty to tone down his comments , and Moriarty responded by quitting the show the next week . The final storyline for Ben Stone involved him resigning over guilt after a woman he compelled to testify against a Russian mobster was murdered by his cohorts . To replace Moriarty , Sam Waterston was Wolf 's first choice for the role of Executive Assistant District Attorney John J. `` Jack '' McCoy Jr. ; Waterston 's character was markedly different from Moriarty 's in that Jack McCoy was conceived as more emotionally stable and having more sex appeal . Wolf dismissed Noth when his contract expired at the end of Season 5 , because he felt that Lennie Briscoe and Mike Logan had become too similar to each other and the writers were having difficulty in writing their dialogue together . Furthermore , Noth had been disgruntled with the show since the dismissals of Florek and Brooks , and remained embittered against Wolf , who he felt was not a friend to his actors . The final story line for Detective Logan involved him being banished to work on Staten Island in a domestic violence crimes unit as punishment for punching a city council member who had orchestrated the murder of a gay colleague and had managed to get acquitted of the charges . ( The made - for - television film Exiled : A `` Law & Order '' Movie , in which Noth starred , centered around Logan attempting to get back into the department 's good graces . ) Noth was replaced by Benjamin Bratt as Detective Reynaldo `` Rey '' Curtis , who was hired in an attempt to find an actor even sexier than Noth to join the cast . Hennessy chose not to renew her three - year contract at the end of Season 6 to pursue other projects , and Claire Kincaid was written off as being killed in a drunk driving accident . She was replaced by Carey Lowell as Assistant District Attorney Jamie Ross . Lowell remained with the show until the end of Season 8 , when she left to spend more time with her daughter . ( Jamie Ross was written off as leaving the D.A. 's office for similar reasons . ) Lowell ( who later returned for a couple guest appearances ) was replaced by Angie Harmon as Assistant District Attorney Abigail `` Abbie '' Carmichael , who was conceived as being much louder and outspoken than any of her predecessors . Harmon auditioned with 85 other women , including Vanessa Williams , for the role , and was picked after Wolf heard her Texas accent . Bratt left the series at the end of Season 9 , stating it was an amicable departure and he expected to eventually return for guest appearances . ( He ultimately returned for the Season 20 episode `` Fed . '' ) Detective Curtis was written off as leaving the force in order to take care of his wife , who was suffering from multiple sclerosis , in her final days . He was replaced by Jesse L. Martin as Detective Ed Green , who was conceived of as more of a loose cannon in the mold of Mike Logan than Rey Curtis was . ( Briscoe was described as being a recovering alcoholic , as Cragen had been ; Green was described as being a recovering compulsive gambler . ) In 2000 , Hill announced he was leaving the series after Season 10 . Hill , who was the last remaining member of the original cast , said his departure was mutual with the producers . He was replaced by Dianne Wiest as Interim District Attorney Nora Lewin , and Adam Schiff was written out off - screen as departing to work with Jewish charities and human - rights organizations in Europe . The following year , Harmon left the show after three seasons ( with Abbie Carmichael written off as being called on to serve the U.S. Attorney 's office ) and was replaced by Elisabeth Röhm as Assistant District Attorney Serena Southerlyn . The year after that , Wiest left the show after two seasons and was replaced by retiring U.S. Senator Fred Thompson as District Attorney Arthur Branch , whose character was conceived of as being much more right - leaning than his predecessors in the DA 's office , and was a direct reaction to the September 11 attacks . No mention was made on the show of what happened to Nora Lewin , though producers said her character was only supposed to be an interim DA . After 12 years on Law & Order , Orbach announced in March 2004 that he was leaving the show at the end of Season 14 for the spin - off Law & Order : Trial by Jury . Lennie Briscoe was written off as retiring from the NYPD and later taking a position as an investigator for the DA 's office . He was replaced at the 27th Precinct by Detective Joe Fontana , played by Dennis Farina . At the time , Orbach would not state the reason for his departure , but it was eventually revealed that he had been battling prostate cancer ( for over 10 years ) and that his role on Trial by Jury was designed to be less taxing on him than his role on the original series was . However , Orbach died from his cancer on December 28 , 2004 and was featured in only the first two episodes of Trial by Jury . ( His character was subsequently written off as having also died off - screen , though this was not revealed on the original series until the Season 18 episode `` Burn Card . '' ) Season 15 would see the departure of Röhm mid-season . Röhm 's final scene on the show , in the episode `` Ai n't No Love , '' sparked controversy within the fanbase , as ADA Southerlyn asked Arthur Branch if she was being fired because she was gay , a fact the scripts had never even hinted at until then . Wolf said Röhm 's departure was unexpected , and she exited the show in January 2005 . Her replacement was Annie Parisse as Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Borgia . Later that season , Martin departed early to film Rent . Ed Green was temporarily written off as being shot in the line of duty and being replaced during his recovery by Detective Nick Falco , played by Michael Imperioli , who had previously guest starred as a murder suspect in the Season 6 episode `` Atonement . '' Parisse left the series at the end of Season 16 ( with ADA Borgia written off as being murdered ) , and Farina announced shortly afterward that he too was leaving Law & Order to pursue other projects . ( Detective Fontana was written off as having retired off - screen . ) By this point , NBC executives believed the series was beginning to show its age , as the ratings had been declining since Orbach 's departure . Farina had never been popular with fans when he replaced Orbach , and it was felt that the cast just did not seem to mesh well together anymore . In an effort to revitalize the show , Wolf replaced Parisse with Alana de la Garza as Assistant District Attorney Consuela `` Connie '' Rubirosa , while Martin 's character was promoted to senior detective and partnered with Detective Nina Cassady , played by Milena Govich , who had worked with Wolf on the short - lived series Conviction and served as the show 's first female detective of the main cast . However , Govich proved to be even more unpopular with fans than her predecessor was , and she left the show after one season , with the explanation being that Detective Cassady 's assignment to the precinct had been temporary and had been transferred out . She was replaced by Jeremy Sisto , who had previously guest starred as a defense attorney in the Season 17 episode `` The Family Hour , '' as Detective Cyrus Lupo . Around the same time , Thompson announced he would leave the show to seek the 2008 Republican presidential nomination . ( No explanation was given within the show regarding Arthur Branch 's off - screen departure . ) Waterston 's character was promoted to Interim District Attorney ( later made full District Attorney in Season 20 ) and his former position was filled in by Executive Assistant District Attorney Michael Cutter , played by Linus Roache . Martin later announced that he would leave the show for the second and last time near the end of Season 18 to pursue other endeavors , and Detective Green was written off as resigning from the force due to burnout . He was replaced by Anthony Anderson as Detective Kevin Bernard . In 2010 , Merkerson announced that she would leave the show at the end of Season 20 , with Lieutenant Van Buren given a season - long story arc involving her battling cervical cancer . However , the cancellation of the show rendered this moot . Format ( edit ) In the criminal justice system , the people are represented by two separate yet equally important groups : the police who investigate crime , and the district attorneys who prosecute the offenders . These are their stories . -- Opening narration , spoken by Steven Zirnkilton . Law & Order episodes are typically segmented into two parts , roughly at the halfway point ; the first part follows police and detective work , and the second follows the legal and courtroom proceedings of the case . The show dwells little on the characters ' back - stories or social lives , focusing mainly on their lives at work . The police portion ( edit ) For most of Law & Order 's run , the cold open or lead - in of the show began with the discovery of a crime , usually a murder . The scene typically began with a slice of everyday life in New York City . Some civilians would then discover the crime victim , or sometimes the crime would occur in a public place and they would be a witnesses or a victim of a crime . The only exceptions to this are in the early seasons , mostly Seasons 1 & 2 , the crime would usually be discovered by a pair of patrol officers or beat cops , or in later seasons when the cold open was replaced with rapid cuts of the victim 's final moments , similar to Law & Order : Criminal Intent . The police are represented in the show by the New York City Police Department 27th Precinct homicide department . In the show it is common that the detectives also investigate cases other than homicide or attempted homicides , like kidnappings and rape , the latter especially in the first nine seasons of the show , before Law & Order : Special Victims Unit premiered . However in the real world these cases are handled by other units and divisions . The viewers are introduced to two homicide detectives , a senior detective ( usually a veteran cop ) and a junior detective ( usually a young but capable detective ) , who report directly to their boss at their precinct ( either a Lieutenant or a Captain ) . During the preliminary crime scene examination , the featured detectives make their first observations and will come up with theories followed by a witticism or two , before the title sequence begins . The detectives often have few or no good clues -- they might not even know the victim 's identity -- and must usually chase several dead ends before finding a likely suspect ( s ) . They start their investigations at the crime scene by talking to any witnesses while the Crime Scene Unit ( CSU ) technicians start processing the scene by collecting forensic evidence . The medical examiner ( M.E. ) 's office will also be shown to collect the body from the crime scene . Later the medical examiner will perform an autopsy on the victim , offering more clues to the victim 's cause and time of death ( sometimes obtaining the victim 's identity from dental records or fingerprints ) which the detectives will read about in the M.E. 's autopsy report and by talking to the M.E. who performed it . When the detectives know the victim 's identity they will inform their relatives or loved ones of their death and attempt to get more information on the victim 's life and possible suspects . The detectives continue their investigation by interviewing witnesses and possible suspects , all the while tracing the victim 's last known movements and victim 's state of mind ( by talking to the victim 's family , friends and co-workers ) . Sometimes they will have someone they suspect of the crime and will trace their last known movements and state of mind by talking to the people in the suspect 's life , until they are either ruled out or dead certain of their guilt . They also visit the crime laboratory to submit and view evidence ( e.g. fingerprints , DNA and ballistics , etc . ) , they may also look into any background information such as financial details and criminal history on both the victim and lead suspect . In some instances , psychologists and / or psychiatrists are called in for insight into the criminal 's behavior or modus operandi . All the while , the detectives report to their commanding officer , keeping them informed and being advised on how best to proceed next . When the detectives are certain they have the right suspect ( s ) , the police will take the case to their boss , who decides if there is enough for a search and / or arrest warrant ( though sometimes the commanding officer will consult with the New York City District Attorney 's office to see if the case is strong enough ) and whether or not any backup ( such as uniformed officers or an armed tactical team ) is needed . The detectives will then arrest the suspects ( s ) , with the police sometimes having to chase the accused through the streets of New York . The scene then shifts to the interrogation room where the detectives interrogate the suspect ( s ) until they ask for a lawyer , their defense attorney shows up and asks the suspect not to talk anymore , or the Assistant District Attorney from the D.A. 's office decides they have enough to press charges . The Trial portion ( edit ) Towards the middle of a show , the police will begin to work with the prosecutors to make the arrest , though sometimes the Assistant District Attorney will appear earlier to arrange a plea - for - information deal or to decide if the detectives have enough evidence for search or arrest warrants before arresting the suspects . An arraignment court scene will follow , in which the defendants plead ( usually not guilty ) and bail conditions are set . The matter is then taken over by a pair of representatives from the New York County District Attorney 's Office , an Executive Assistant District Attorney and an Assistant District Attorney . They discuss deals , prepare the witnesses and evidence , and conduct the People 's case in the trial . The District Attorneys work together and with the Medical Examiner 's office , the crime laboratory ( including fingerprint analysts , DNA profilers and ballistics analysts ) , and psychologists or psychiatrists ( if the defendant uses an insanity plea ) , all of whom may be needed to testify in court for the prosecution . The police may also reappear to testify in court or to arrest another suspect , but most investigation in the second segment is done by the D.A. 's office , in consultation with the District Attorney for advice on the case , as the D.A. , being an elected official , sometimes brings political considerations to bear concerning decisions to prosecute various alleged offenders . If the case is very weak then the police would re-investigate . Unlike many other legal dramas ( e.g. , The Defenders , Matlock , Perry Mason and L.A. Law ) , the court proceedings are shown from the prosecution 's point of view , with the regular characters trying to prove the defendant 's guilt , not innocence . After the arraignment of defendants , the D.A.s proceed to trial preparation , including legal research and plea negotiations . Some episodes include legal proceedings beyond the testimony of witnesses , including motion hearings , ( often concerning admissibility of evidence ) ; jury selection ; and allocutions , usually as a result of plea bargains . Many episodes employ motions to suppress evidence as a plot device , and most of these end with evidence or statements being suppressed , often on a technicality . This usually begins with the service of the motion to the D.A. team , follows with argument and case citations of precedent before a judge in court , and concludes with visual reaction of the winning or losing attorney . Many episodes use outlandish defense scenarios such as diminished responsibility ( e.g. `` Genetics '' / `` Television '' / `` God '' / `` the devil made me do it '' and intoxication defence ) and temporary insanity ( e.g. `` Black Rage '' / `` White Rage '' / `` Sports Rage '' ) . Some episodes revolve around moral and ethical debates including the right to die ( euthanasia ) , the right to life ( abortion ) , and the right to bear arms ( gun control ) . Episodes usually end with the verdict being read by the jury foreperson and a shot of both the winning and losing parties . The scene then shifts to the District Attorney 's office , where the team is leaving the office to go home while contemplating either the true guilt of the accused , the defense scenarios that were used , or the moral or ethical issue that was central to the episode . `` Ripped from the headlines '' ( edit ) Often the plot of an initial portion of an episode resembles a recognizable aspect of an actual case . In early seasons , the details of these cases often closely followed the real stories , such as the season one episode `` Subterranean Homeboy Blues , '' which had a woman shooting two attempted muggers , paralleling the Bernhard Goetz case . Another early episode , `` Out of the Half - Light , '' focused on a racially charged rape case that mimicked the Tawana Brawley case . This `` ripped from the headlines '' style is reflected in the opening credits sequence that evolves from newspaper halftones to high - resolution photos . Another first season episode , `` Poison Ivy , '' was based on the Edmund Perry case where an NYPD officer fatally shot a black honor student who was committing a crime in front of the officer upon returning to the city after recently graduating from an Ivy League prep school . Later seasons would take real - life cases as inspiration but diverge more from the facts . Often this would be done by increasing the severity of the crime in question , usually by adding a murder . As a result , the plot would tend to veer significantly from the actual events that may have inspired the episode . Promotional advertisements of episodes with close real - life case parallels regularly use the `` ripped from the headlines '' phrase , although a textual disclaimer , within the actual episode , emphasizes that the story and characters are fictional . This format lends itself to exploring different outcomes or motives that similar events could have had under other circumstances . Some real - life crime victims have felt used and exploited , with one lawyer , Ravi Batra , going so far as to sue the show in 2004 for libel . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of Law & Order episodes Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 22 September 13 , 1990 ( 1990 - 09 - 13 ) June 9 , 1991 ( 1991 - 06 - 09 ) 22 September 17 , 1991 ( 1991 - 09 - 17 ) May 12 , 1992 ( 1992 - 05 - 12 ) 22 September 23 , 1992 ( 1992 - 09 - 23 ) May 19 , 1993 ( 1993 - 05 - 19 ) 22 September 15 , 1993 ( 1993 - 09 - 15 ) May 25 , 1994 ( 1994 - 05 - 25 ) 5 23 September 21 , 1994 ( 1994 - 09 - 21 ) May 24 , 1995 ( 1995 - 05 - 24 ) 6 23 September 20 , 1995 ( 1995 - 09 - 20 ) May 22 , 1996 ( 1996 - 05 - 22 ) 7 23 September 18 , 1996 ( 1996 - 09 - 18 ) May 21 , 1997 ( 1997 - 05 - 21 ) 8 24 September 24 , 1997 ( 1997 - 09 - 24 ) May 20 , 1998 ( 1998 - 05 - 20 ) 9 24 September 23 , 1998 ( 1998 - 09 - 23 ) May 26 , 1999 ( 1999 - 05 - 26 ) Film November 8 , 1998 ( 1998 - 11 - 08 ) 10 24 September 22 , 1999 ( 1999 - 09 - 22 ) May 24 , 2000 ( 2000 - 05 - 24 ) 11 24 October 18 , 2000 ( 2000 - 10 - 18 ) May 23 , 2001 ( 2001 - 05 - 23 ) 12 24 September 26 , 2001 ( 2001 - 09 - 26 ) May 22 , 2002 ( 2002 - 05 - 22 ) 13 24 October 2 , 2002 ( 2002 - 10 - 02 ) May 21 , 2003 ( 2003 - 05 - 21 ) 14 24 September 24 , 2003 ( 2003 - 09 - 24 ) May 19 , 2004 ( 2004 - 05 - 19 ) 15 24 September 22 , 2004 ( 2004 - 09 - 22 ) May 18 , 2005 ( 2005 - 05 - 18 ) 16 22 September 21 , 2005 ( 2005 - 09 - 21 ) May 17 , 2006 ( 2006 - 05 - 17 ) 17 22 September 22 , 2006 ( 2006 - 09 - 22 ) May 18 , 2007 ( 2007 - 05 - 18 ) 18 18 January 2 , 2008 ( 2008 - 01 - 02 ) May 21 , 2008 ( 2008 - 05 - 21 ) 19 22 November 5 , 2008 ( 2008 - 11 - 05 ) June 3 , 2009 ( 2009 - 06 - 03 ) 20 23 September 25 , 2009 ( 2009 - 09 - 25 ) May 24 , 2010 ( 2010 - 05 - 24 ) Law & Order premiered September 13 , 1990 , and aired on NBC , with 456 episodes having been produced . Broadcast history ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The show premiered September 13 , 1990 , and ended on May 24 , 2010 . 456 episodes were aired and produced . The show ran for twenty seasons on NBC . It was NBC 's longest running crime drama , and tied for longest running primetime scripted drama with Gunsmoke . The first two seasons were broadcast Tuesdays at 10 p.m. From season 3 through 16 the show aired Wednesday at 10 p.m. For season 17 it moved to Fridays at 10 p.m. For seasons 18 and 19 the show shifted back to Wednesdays at 10 p.m. For season 20 the show was broadcast Fridays at 8 p.m. , while in the spring it moved to Mondays at 10 p.m. , where it broadcast its series finale on May 24 , 2010 . Syndication ( edit ) Repeats of Law & Order were first broadcast weekdays on A&E beginning in the mid 1990s and are credited with drawing a new audience to the current weekly NBC episodes . As of January 1 , 2014 , the series is being telecast on SundanceTV , TNT , WE tv , and WGN America . Cancellation ( edit ) On May 13 , 2010 , reports surfaced of the possibility that Law & Order could be canceled after 20 seasons on the air , preventing it from unseating Gunsmoke as longest running American primetime drama unless another network picked it up . By May 14 , 2010 , The New York Times , Daily Variety and the Los Angeles Times reported official cancellation of the series . Continuation of characters on spin - off series -- including Law & Order : Los Angeles -- has been mentioned as a possible means of providing closure beyond the series finale . On May 14 , 2010 , NBC officially canceled the show , opting instead to pick up Law & Order : Los Angeles for a first season , and renewed Law & Order : Special Victims Unit for a twelfth . The cancellation was announced after last - minute talks between NBC and Dick Wolf to extend the series failed to lead to an agreement . The chairman of NBC Universal Television Entertainment , Jeff Gaspin , stated : `` The full measure of the collective contributions made by Dick Wolf and his Law & Order franchise over the last two decades to the success of NBC and Universal Media Studios can not be overstated . The legacy of his original Law & Order series will continue to make an impact like no other series before . '' Angela Bromstad , President , Primetime Entertainment , NBC and Universal Media Studios , said , `` Law & Order has been one of the most successful franchises in the history of television , which is why it is so critical that we continue this important brand and our relationship with Dick Wolf and his team with L&O : LA and Law & Order : SVU . '' Following the cancellation announcement , Wolf announced that he still hoped to continue the series , and stated that he was seeking `` other offers '' from potential outlets to air the series . Wolf also discussed the possibility of airing a two - hour TV film on NBC to conclude Law & Order , but said that such a plan had been delayed until he had exhausted every other possibility for continuing the series . Wolf did not specify whether NBC had already offered to air such a movie . Dick Wolf stated that , `` The flagship series is in a medically induced coma , waiting for a life - saving medicine . '' Wolf was pressuring the series ' producer NBC / Universal Media Studios to make a deal with TNT , which holds syndication rights to the show , for originals if an acceptable license fee could be bargained . Talks between the two started up after upfronts . However , TNT said in a statement it was not interested in picking up a 21st season for the series . Executive producer René Balcer spoke to Neal Conan on Talk of the Nation on May 24 , stating that `` we 're not dead yet '' and noting that there were still ongoing negotiations with cable outlets to see if the original series could be refloated . Balcer referenced the `` medically induced coma '' brought up by Wolf , calling the show 's cancellation `` corporately - induced '' . Although NBC cancelled the series , AMC started talking about reviving Law & Order ; however , attempts to revive it failed , and according to creator Dick Wolf , the series `` moved into the history books '' . Almost exactly one year later , on May 13 , 2011 , NBC canceled Law & Order : LA following a decline in the ratings after the show had been retooled and moved to Monday nights . In February 2015 , rumors started that NBC was planning to bring Law & Order back for 10 episodes , as a limited series . Spin - offs , tie - ins , and adaptations ( edit ) Main article : Law & Order ( franchise ) The longevity and success of Law & Order has spawned four American television series ( Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Law & Order : Los Angeles , and Law & Order : Trial by Jury ) , as well as a television film ( Exiled : A Law & Order Movie ) , all of which use the name Law & Order . Although there were fears initially that the failure of such shows could hurt the original series , it was felt the brand name was needed because of the commercial desirability such a brand name creates . To differentiate it from other series in the franchise , Law & Order is often referred to as `` The Mother Ship '' by producers and critics . The series ( and its spin - offs ) shared a universe with the series Homicide : Life on the Street , with the two sharing several crossover episodes . The original series has also been adapted for British television as Law & Order : UK , with the setting changed to London . Similarly , Law & Order : Criminal Intent has been adapted for French and Russian television under the respective titles Paris enquêtes criminelles and Закон и порядок . Преступный умысел , and Law & Order : Special Victims Unit has also had a Russian version , Закон и Порядок : Отдел Оперативных Расследований . Ratings ( edit ) Seasonal rankings ( based on average total viewers per episode ) of Law & Order on NBC . Note : Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May , which coincides with the completion of May sweeps . Season 18 started in January and was held back as a mid-season replacement when NBC announced their 2007 -- 08 schedule in May 2007 . The 20th season premiere was on Friday , September 25 , 2009 at 8 : 00 pm ( ET ) and 7 : 00 pm ( CT ) on NBC . Season Premiere Finale Episodes Timeslot Rank Viewers ( in millions ) 1990 -- 91 September 13 , 1990 June 9 , 1991 22 Tuesday 10 : 00 pm # 46 12.0 1991 -- 92 September 17 , 1991 May 14 , 1992 22 # 43 12.3 1992 -- 93 September 23 , 1992 May 19 , 1993 22 Wednesday 10 : 00 pm # 49 10.5 1993 -- 94 September 15 , 1993 May 25 , 1994 22 # 38 11.9 5 1994 -- 95 September 21 , 1994 May 24 , 1995 23 # 27 11.6 6 1995 -- 96 September 20 , 1995 May 22 , 1996 23 # 24 10.9 7 1996 -- 97 September 18 , 1996 May 21 , 1997 23 # 27 10.5 8 1997 -- 98 September 24 , 1997 May 20 , 1998 24 # 24 14.1 9 1998 -- 99 September 23 , 1998 May 26 , 1999 24 # 20 13.8 10 1999 -- 00 September 22 , 1999 May 24 , 2000 24 # 13 16.3 11 2000 -- 01 October 18 , 2000 May 23 , 2001 24 # 11 17.7 12 2001 -- 02 September 26 , 2001 May 22 , 2002 24 # 7 18.7 13 2002 -- 03 October 2 , 2002 May 21 , 2003 24 # 10 17.3 14 2003 -- 04 September 24 , 2003 May 19 , 2004 24 # 14 15.9 15 2004 -- 05 September 22 , 2004 May 18 , 2005 24 # 25 13.0 16 2005 -- 06 September 21 , 2005 May 17 , 2006 22 # 35 11.2 17 2006 -- 07 September 22 , 2006 May 18 , 2007 22 Friday 10 : 00 pm # 54 9.4 18 2007 -- 08 January 2 , 2008 May 21 , 2008 18 Wednesday 10 : 00 pm # 38 10.7 19 2008 -- 09 November 5 , 2008 June 3 , 2009 22 # 62 8.2 20 2009 -- 10 September 25 , 2009 May 24 , 2010 23 Friday 8 : 00 pm Monday 10 : 00 pm # 60 7.2 Awards and honors ( edit ) Main article : List of awards and nominations received by Law & Order Law & Order has been nominated for numerous awards in the television industry over the span of its run . Among its wins are the 1997 Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series , Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Male Actor in a Drama Series for Sam Waterston in 1999 and Jerry Orbach in 2005 ( awarded after his death ) , and numerous Edgar Awards for Best Episode in a Television Series Teleplay . In 2002 , Law & Order was ranked No. 24 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . The show also placed No. 27 on Entertainment Weekly 's `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Law & Order # 14 on their list of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time . DVD releases ( edit ) Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released fourteen seasons on DVD in Region 1 , along with the complete series . Law & Order : The Complete Series boxed set features all 20 seasons . Each season is individually packaged ( in tray - stack style ) , with all new cover - art ( including new cover art for the seasons that have been released ) . The set also includes a 50 - page full - color book titled `` The Episode Guide '' . Along with episode names and synopsis , there is trivia , facts about the making of the show , liner notes , and over 80 full - color photos . In Region 2 , Universal Playback has released the first seven seasons on DVD in the UK . In Region 4 , Universal Pictures has released the first eight seasons on DVD in Australia and New Zealand . also in Region 4 , seasons 9 - 20 are now available on DVD in Australia and New Zealand . Title Ep # Release dates Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 The 1st Year 22 October 15 , 2002 / June 4 , 2013 ( slimline set ) June 16 , 2003 April 2 , 2003 / August 31 , 2011 ( slimline set ) The 2nd Year 22 May 4 , 2003 / June 3 , 2014 ( slimline set ) February 28 , 2005 August 31 , 2011 The 3rd Year 22 May 24 , 2004 / June 3 , 2014 ( slimline set ) November 21 , 2005 August 31 , 2011 The 4th Year 22 December 6 , 2005 / June 3 , 2014 ( slimline set ) July 17 , 2006 August 31 , 2011 The 5th Year 23 April 3 , 2007 / June 3 , 2014 ( slimline set ) July 23 , 2007 August 31 , 2011 The 6th Year 23 December 2 , 2008 / May 26 , 2015 ( slimline set ) February 16 , 2009 August 31 , 2011 The 7th Year 23 January 19 , 2010 / May 26 , 2015 ( slimline set ) April 12 , 2010 August 31 , 2011 The 8th Year 24 December 7 , 2010 / May 26 , 2015 ( slimline set ) August 31 , 2011 The 9th Year 24 December 6 , 2011 ( slimline set ) August 3 , 2016 The 10th Year 24 February 28 , 2012 ( slimline set ) August 3 , 2016 The 11th Year 24 November 6 , 2012 ( slimline set ) August 3 , 2016 The 12th Year 24 February 26 , 2013 ( slimline set ) October 5 , 2016 The 13th Year 24 November 5 , 2013 ( slimline set ) October 5 , 2016 The 14th Year 24 September 14 , 2004 / February 25 , 2014 ( slimline set ) October 5 , 2016 The 15th Year 24 November 4 , 2014 ( slimline set ) March 2 , 2017 The 16th Year 22 November 4 , 2014 ( slimline set ) March 2 , 2017 The 17th Year 22 November 4 , 2014 ( slimline set ) March 2 , 2017 The 18th Year 18 May 5 , 2015 ( slimline set ) April 5 , 2017 The 19th Year 22 May 5 , 2015 ( slimline set ) April 5 , 2017 The 20th Year 23 May 5 , 2015 ( slimline set ) April 5 , 2017 The Complete Series 456 November 8 , 2011 ( box set ) See also ( edit ) List of police television dramas References ( edit ) Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Law & Order cancelled '' . The Spy Report . May 15 , 2010 . Archived from the original on May 29 , 2010 . Retrieved May 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Brian Stelter ; Bill Carter ( May 14 , 2010 ) . `` One ' Law & Order ' Gets a Death Sentence , as Another Joins the Force '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Brian Stelter ; Bill Carter ( May 14 , 2010 ) . `` NBC Cancels ' Law & Order ' '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` NBC announces pickups for new drama ' LOLA ' ( ' Law & Order : Los Angeles ' ) and returning ' Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ' and ' Law & Order ' ends its historic run on NBC May 24 '' ( Press release ) . NBC Universal . May 14 , 2010 . Archived from the original on July 17 , 2010 . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Carter , Bill ( May 17 , 2010 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Creator Still Looking to Bring Original Back '' . Media Decoder ( blog ) . The New York Times . ^ Jump up to : `` Law & Order is dead , says Wolf '' . The Spy Report . July 31 , 2010 . Archived from the original on August 3 , 2010 . Retrieved July 31 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( February 6 , 2015 ) . `` NBC Eyes ' Law & Order ' Limited Series '' . Deadline . Retrieved February 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stanhope , Kate ( May 6 , 2015 ) . `` Sam Waterston on ' Law & Order ' Revival : Let 's ' Break the Record ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved May 12 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Harp , Justin ( May 11 , 2015 ) . `` Dick Wolf wants to bring back Law & Order to dramatise the Robert Durst murder trial '' . Digital Spy . Retrieved May 12 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Swift , Andy ( August 13 , 2015 ) . `` Law & Order Revival Series Update : ' Everybody Wants to Do It ' '' . TVLine . Retrieved August 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , p. 17 ^ Jump up to : Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 17 -- 18 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 21 -- 22 Jump up ^ Carlson , Erin ( October 31 , 2008 ) . `` Can `` Law & Order '' outlive `` Gunsmoke '' ? `` . San Jose Mercury News . Associated Press . Archived from the original on September 23 , 2012 . Retrieved November 6 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Law and Order : Cast and details '' . TV Guide . Retrieved November 6 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Commissioner Oliver Presents `` Law & Order Way '' `` . NYC.gov . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2004 . Retrieved September 14 , 2004 . ^ Jump up to : Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , p. 69 Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum , Lisa ( February 26 , 1993 ) . `` The Jailhouse Rock '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved January 5 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Ryan , Maureen ( January 7 , 2008 ) . `` Thunk - thunk ! ' Law & Order ' is back in a big way '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved May 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Simon , Scott ( December 6 , 2008 ) . `` Richard Belzer : ' I Am Not A Cop ' '' . On the Media . NPR . Retrieved January 5 , 2010 . Jump up ^ 6 Things You Did n't Know About Law & Order . By Crowd Beacon , Jan 2 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Green and Dawn ( 2009 ) , p. 60 Jump up ^ Wait Wait ... Do n't Tell Me ! . NPR . WNYC , New York City . Nov 26 , 2011 . Radio . Jump up ^ Law & Order Season 13 opening ( Five ) on YouTube ( February 16 , 2007 ) . Retrieved on September 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Law & Order SVU Theme UK five edition on YouTube ( April 4 , 2008 ) . Retrieved on May 7 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Law & Order Criminal Intent Theme Season Five UK Version on YouTube ( August 7 , 2008 ) . Retrieved on May 7 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , p. 25 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 110 -- 111 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 25 -- 26 ^ Jump up to : Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp 26 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 131 -- 132 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , p. 111 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 123 -- 125 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 120 -- 122 Jump up ^ John Anthony Gilvey ( May 1 , 2011 ) . Jerry Orbach , Prince of the City : His Way from The Fantasticks to Law & Order . Hal Leonard Corporation . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4234 - 8845 - 3 . ^ Jump up to : Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 144 -- 145 ^ Jump up to : Writers : Michael S. Chernuchin & René Balcer . Director : Ed Sherin ( September 30 , 1992 ) . `` Conspiracy '' . Law & Order . Season 3 . Episode 2 . NBC . Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 144 -- 146 Jump up ^ Writers : Aaron Zelman & Marc Guggenheim . Director : Constantine Makris ( 2002 - 10 - 02 ) . `` American Jihad '' . Law & Order . Season 13 . Episode 1 . NBC . Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 33 -- 34 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 115 -- 117 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 128 -- 131 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 35 -- 37 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 34 -- 35 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , p. 130 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 134 -- 135 Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 333 -- 335 Jump up ^ Huff , Richard ( April 30 , 1999 ) . `` Bratt Leaving ' Law & Order ' ; ' Ally ' Doc Joining Force '' . Daily News . New York . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Courrier and Green ( 1999 ) , pp. 331 -- 332 Jump up ^ `` Steven Hill : Hollywood 's Most Talented Curmudgeon '' . Apocrypha . Fall 2000 . Retrieved March 23 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Shister , Gail ( April 23 , 2001 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' gets its first blonde as Rohm joins the cast '' . Knight Ridder / Tribune News Service . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Sen. Fred Thompson to join the case of ' Law & Order ' '' . USA Today . August 29 , 2002 . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Starr , Michael ( May 18 , 2004 ) . `` Jerry Orbach Signs Off After 12 Years on ' Law & Order ' '' . Fox News . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Brantley , Ben ; Severo , Richard ( December 29 , 2004 ) . `` Jerry Orbach , Star of ' Law & Order , ' Dies at 69 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Roush , Matt ( April 24 , 2008 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' recap : Ed Green turns in his badge '' . TV Guide . Retrieved March 23 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Levin , Gary ( December 6 , 2004 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' stays orderly '' . USA Today . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Marinovich , Milosh ( May 31 , 2006 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Cast Shakeup '' . CBS News . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Steinberg , Jacques ( July 16 , 2006 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Meets the Law of Supply and Demand '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Fretts , Bruce ( January 2 , 2008 ) . `` Cheers : Sisto Lays Down the Law '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on March 2 , 2009 . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Cooper , Gael Fashingbauer ( July 18 , 2007 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Shows Get New Blood '' . msnbc.com . Retrieved December 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Tucker , Ken ( December 19 , 2008 ) . `` TV : Sam Waterston 's bark keeps giving Law & Order its bite '' . Entertainment Weekly . Jump up ^ Itzkoff , Dave ( April 2 , 2010 ) . `` S. Epatha Merkerson to Leave ' Law & Order ' '' . The New York Times . Retrieved April 3 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Ask the Editors '' ; TV Guide ; April 19 , 2010 ; Page 6 . Jump up ^ Writer : Dick Wolf . Director : John Patterson ( 1990 - 10 - 30 ) . `` Everybody 's Favorite Bagman '' . Law & Order . Season 1 . Episode 6 . NBC . ^ Jump up to : Conroy , Tom ( October 23 , 2009 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Fictionalizes the Taconic Parkway Tragedy -- Is It Too Soon ? '' . AOL Television . Retrieved October 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Farhi , Paul ( March 8 , 2009 ) . `` Ripped From the Headlines -- and From the Heart '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved October 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` It 's official : NBC cancels ' Law & Order ' '' . msnbc.com . Retrieved May 15 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Schneider , Michael ( May 14 , 2010 ) . `` 's official : Original ' Law and Order ' to end -- Entertainment News , TV News , Media '' . Variety . Retrieved May 15 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` NBC Cancels ' Law & Order ' ; Orders ' Law & Order : LA ' ; Renews ' Law & Order : SVU ' '' ( Press release ) . NBC ( posted on TVByTheNumbers.com ) . May 14 , 2010 . Retrieved May 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Finke , Nikki ( May 17 , 2010 ) . `` TOLDJA ! ' Law & Order ' Heading To TNT ? Or Will Dick Wolf Howl At NBCU 's Hardball ? '' . Deadline . Retrieved May 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Braxton , Greg ( May 25 , 2010 ) . `` TNT arrests ' Law & Order ' rumors '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved May 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Rene Balcer on Talk of the Nation Archived June 5 , 2016 , at the Wayback Machine ... Npr.org ( May 24 , 2010 ) . Retrieved on May 7 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` AMC Investigates Reviving Law & Order '' . New York . July 6 , 2010 . Retrieved February 23 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Levin , Gary ( July 30 , 2010 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' is L.A. - bound '' . USA Today . Retrieved July 31 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Michael , Ausiello ( May 13 , 2011 ) . `` Breaking : NBC Axes Law & Order : LA , The Event and Outsourced '' . TV Line . Retrieved May 13 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Gelman , Vlada ( 2015 - 02 - 06 ) . `` ' Law & Order ' Limited Series at NBC -- Chris Noth & Sam Waterston Approached '' . TVLine . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 14 . Jump up ^ Green and Dawn ( 2009 ) , pp. 10 -- 11 Jump up ^ Green and Dawn ( 2009 ) , p. 2 ^ Jump up to : Moore , Frazier ( July 8 , 1994 ) . `` Newsmagazines crowd into top of ratings '' . Sun Sentinel . p. 4E . Retrieved March 22 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` TV Ratings : 1994 -- 1995 '' . ClassicTVHits.com . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` TV Ratings : 1995 -- 1996 '' . ClassicTVHits.com . Archived from the original on November 9 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` TV Ratings : 1996 -- 1997 '' . ClassicTVHits.com . Archived from the original on January 6 , 2010 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Final Countdown '' . Entertainment Weekly Published in issue No. 434 May 29 , 1998 . May 29 , 1998 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` TV Winners & Losers : Numbers Racket A Final Tally Of The Season 's Show ( from Nielsen Media Research ) '' . GeoCities . June 4 , 1999 . Archived from the original on October 29 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Top TV Shows For 1999 -- 2000 Season '' . Variety . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Bitter End '' . Entertainment Weekly Published in issue No. 598 Jun 1 , 2001 . June 1 , 2001 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` How did your favorite show rate ? '' . USA Today . May 28 , 2002 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Rank And File '' . Entertainment Weekly Published in issue No. 713 Jun 6 , 2003 . June 6 , 2003 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` I.T.R.S. Ranking Report : 01 Thru 210 '' . ABC Medianet . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2007 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Primetime series '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Nielsen Business Media . May 27 , 2005 . Archived from the original on March 8 , 2010 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Series '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Nielsen Business Media . May 26 , 2006 . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2010 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` 2006 -- 07 primetime wrap '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Nielsen Business Media . May 25 , 2007 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Season Program Rankings from 09 / 24 / 07 through 05 / 25 / 08 '' . ABC Medianet . May 28 , 2008 . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2012 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Season Program Rankings from 09 / 22 / 08 through 05 / 17 / 09 '' . ABC Medianet . May 19 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2010 . Retrieved February 12 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Full Series Rankings For The 2009 -- 10 Broadcast Season '' . Deadline . May 27 , 2010 . Retrieved June 6 , 2010 . Jump up ^ TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows . Cbsnews.com . Retrieved on May 7 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The New Classics : TV '' . Entertainment Weekly . June 18 , 2007 . Retrieved February 6 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Fretts , Bruce ; Roush , Matt . `` The Greatest Shows on Earth '' . TV Guide Magazine . 61 ( 3194 -- 3195 ) : 16 -- 19 . Bibliography ( edit ) Courrier , Kevin ; Green , Susan ( November 20 , 1999 ) . Law & Order : The Unofficial Companion ( 2nd ed . ) . Los Angeles : Renaissance Books . ISBN 1 - 58063 - 108 - 8 . Green , Susan ; Dawn , Randee ( September 1 , 2009 ) . Law & Order : Special Victims Unit : The Unofficial Companion . Dallas : BenBella Books . ISBN 1 - 933771 - 88 - 7 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Law & Order Official website on TNT Official website on Channel 5 Law & Order filming locations , Mayor 's Office of Film , Theater and Broadcasting Law & Order on IMDb Law & Order at TV.com Law & Order Characters Police Sgt . Max Greevey Sgt . Phil Cerreta Lennie Briscoe Joe Fontana Ed Green Cyrus Lupo Mike Logan Rey Curtis Nick Falco Nina Cassady Kevin Bernard Captain Donald Cragen Lieutenant Anita Van Buren District attorneys Benjamin Stone Jack McCoy Michael Cutter Paul Robinette Claire Kincaid Jamie Ross Abbie Carmichael Serena Southerlyn Alexandra Borgia Connie Rubirosa Adam Schiff Nora Lewin Arthur Branch Recurring characters Elizabeth Olivet , Ph. D . Emil Skoda , M.D. Elizabeth Rodgers , M.D. Danielle Melnick Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Notable episodes `` Prescription for Death '' `` Everybody 's Favorite Bagman '' `` Manhood '' `` Aftershock '' `` Empire '' `` Mother 's Day '' `` Sunday in the Park with Jorge '' `` Public Service Homicide '' `` Burn Card '' `` The Drowned and the Saved '' `` Dignity '' `` Fed '' `` Blackmail '' `` Steel - Eyed Death '' `` Boy on Fire '' `` Rubber Room '' TV film Exiled : A Law & Order Movie See also Episodes Cast Law & Order franchise Law & Order franchise Series Law & Order ( 1990 -- 2010 ) Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 1999 -- present ) Law & Order : Criminal Intent ( 2001 -- 2011 ) Law & Order : Trial by Jury ( 2005 -- 2006 ) Law & Order : LA ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Law & Order True Crime ( 2017 -- present ) Adaptations Paris enquêtes criminelles ( 2007 -- 2008 ) Law & Order : UK ( 2009 -- 2014 ) Video games Law & Order : Dead on the Money Law & Order : Double or Nothing Law & Order : Justice Is Served Law & Order : Criminal Intent Law & Order : Legacies Related series Homicide : Life on the Street ( 1993 -- 1999 ) New York Undercover ( 1994 -- 1998 ) Arrest & Trial ( 2000 -- 2001 ) Deadline ( 2000 -- 2001 ) Crime & Punishment ( 2002 -- 2004 ) Conviction ( 2006 ) In Plain Sight ( 2008 -- 2012 ) Chicago franchise Chicago Fire ( 2012 -- present ) Chicago P.D. ( 2014 -- present ) Chicago Med ( 2015 -- present ) Chicago Justice ( 2017 ) Films Exiled : A Law & Order Movie ( 1998 ) Homicide : The Movie ( 2000 ) Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series Pulitzer Prize Playhouse ( 1951 ) Westinghouse Studio One ( 1952 ) Robert Montgomery Presents ( 1953 ) The United States Steel Hour ( 1954 ) The United States Steel Hour ( 1955 ) Producers ' Showcase ( 1956 ) Gunsmoke ( 1958 ) Alcoa - Goodyear Theatre ( 1959 ) Playhouse 90 ( 1960 ) Hallmark Hall of Fame ( 1961 ) The Defenders ( 1962 ) The Defenders ( 1963 ) The Defenders ( 1964 ) The Fugitive , season 3 ( 1966 ) Mission : Impossible , season 1 ( 1967 ) Mission : Impossible , season 2 ( 1968 ) NET Playhouse ( 1969 ) Marcus Welby , M.D. ( 1970 ) The Bold Ones : The Senator ( 1971 ) Elizabeth R ( 1972 ) The Waltons ( 1973 ) Upstairs , Downstairs ( 1974 ) Upstairs , Downstairs ( 1975 ) Police Story ( 1976 ) Upstairs , Downstairs ( 1977 ) The Rockford Files , season 4 ( 1978 ) Lou Grant , season 2 ( 1979 ) Lou Grant , season 3 ( 1980 ) Hill Street Blues ( 1981 ) Hill Street Blues ( 1982 ) Hill Street Blues ( 1983 ) Hill Street Blues ( 1984 ) Cagney & Lacey ( 1985 ) Cagney & Lacey ( 1986 ) L.A. Law ( 1987 ) thirtysomething ( 1988 ) L.A. Law ( 1989 ) L.A. Law ( 1990 ) L.A. Law ( 1991 ) Northern Exposure , season 3 ( 1992 ) Picket Fences ( 1993 ) Picket Fences ( 1994 ) NYPD Blue , season 2 ( 1995 ) ER , season 2 ( 1996 ) Law & Order , season 7 ( 1997 ) The Practice ( 1998 ) The Practice ( 1999 ) The West Wing , season 1 ( 2000 ) The West Wing , season 2 ( 2001 ) The West Wing , season 3 ( 2002 ) The West Wing , season 4 ( 2003 ) The Sopranos , season 5 ( 2004 ) Lost , season 1 ( 2005 ) 24 , season 5 ( 2006 ) The Sopranos , season 6 , part II ( 2007 ) Mad Men , season 1 ( 2008 ) Mad Men , season 2 ( 2009 ) Mad Men , season 3 ( 2010 ) Mad Men , season 4 ( 2011 ) Homeland , season 1 ( 2012 ) Breaking Bad , season 5 , part I ( 2013 ) Breaking Bad , season 5 , part II ( 2014 ) Game of Thrones , season 5 ( 2015 ) Game of Thrones , season 6 ( 2016 ) The Handmaid 's Tale , season 1 ( 2017 ) Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama I 'll Fly Away , season 1 ( 1992 ) NYPD Blue , season 1 ( 1993 ) ER , season 1 ( 1994 ) Frasier , season 2 ( 1995 ) Law & Order , season 6 ( 1996 ) The Practice , season 2 ( 1998 ) The Sopranos , season 1 ( 1999 ) The West Wing , season 1 ( 2000 ) The West Wing , season 2 ( 2001 ) 24 , season 1 ( 2002 ) Six Feet Under , season 2 ( 2003 ) The Sopranos , season 5 ( 2004 ) Lost , season 1 ( 2005 ) Grey 's Anatomy , season 2 ( 2006 ) The Sopranos , season 6 , part II ( 2007 ) Mad Men , season 1 ( 2008 ) Mad Men , season 2 ( 2009 ) Mad Men , season 3 ( 2010 ) Boardwalk Empire , season 1 ( 2011 ) Homeland , season 1 ( 2012 ) Breaking Bad , season 5 , part I ( 2013 ) Breaking Bad , season 5 , part II ( 2014 ) Game of Thrones , season 5 ( 2015 ) Stranger Things , season 1 ( 2016 ) VIAF : 173899028 LCCN : n98030483 BNF : cb13194725v ( data ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_%26_Order&oldid=809661196 '' Categories : Law & Order ( franchise ) American crime drama television series American legal television series American mystery television series 1990 American television series debuts 1990s American drama television series 2000s American crime television series 2000s American drama television series 2010 American television series endings 2010s American crime television series 2010s American drama television series Edgar Award - winning works English - language television programs Fictional portrayals of the New York City Police Department NBC network shows New York Supreme Court Peabody Award - winning television programs Police procedural television series Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series winners Television series by Universal Television Television shows set in New York City Television shows filmed in New York ( state ) Television series created by Dick Wolf Television series by Wolf Films Television series based on actual events Television series with multiple main characters Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links Articles with dead external links from March 2016 Use mdy dates from May 2012 Articles with hAudio microformats Articles needing additional references from June 2012 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Ænglisc Asturianu Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Latviešu Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 10 November 2017 , at 16 : 04 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the show law and order start | ['Law & Order is an American police procedural and legal drama television series, created by Dick Wolf and part of the Law & Order franchise. It originally aired on NBC and, in syndication, on various cable networks. Law & Order premiered on September 13, 1990, and completed its 20th and final season on May 24, 2010. At the time of its cancellation, Law & Order was the longest-running crime drama on American primetime television. Its record of 20 seasons is a tie with Gunsmoke (1955–75) for the longest-running live-action scripted American prime-time series with ongoing characters. Although it has fewer episodes than Gunsmoke, Law & Order ranks as the longest-running hour-long primetime TV series. Gunsmoke, for its first six seasons, was originally a half-hour program.'] | ['September 13, 1990'] | Law & Order is an American police procedural and legal drama television series, created by Dick Wolf and part of the Law & Order franchise. It originally aired on NBC and, in syndication, on various cable networks. Law & Order premiered on September 13, 1990, and completed its 20th and final season on May 24, 2010. At the time of its cancellation, Law & Order was the longest-running crime drama on American primetime television. Its record of 20 seasons is a tie with Gunsmoke (1955–75) for the longest-running live-action scripted American prime-time series with ongoing characters. Although it has fewer episodes than Gunsmoke, Law & Order ranks as the longest-running hour-long primetime TV series. Gunsmoke, for its first six seasons, was originally a half-hour program. |
[question]: What is the name of the television series created by Dick Wolf that ran for 20 seasons?
[answer]: The television series created by Dick Wolf that ran for 20 seasons is Law & Order. | What is the name of the television series created by Dick Wolf that ran for 20 seasons? | The television series created by Dick Wolf that ran for 20 seasons is Law & Order. | 1 | 7.744763 | 16 | 125 | 1 |
13,936 | 5,666,621,600,911,861,000 | Central tendency | Central tendency - wikipedia Central tendency Jump to : navigation , search For the graph / network concept , see Centrality . In statistics , a central tendency ( or measure of central tendency ) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution . It may also be called a center or location of the distribution . Colloquially , measures of central tendency are often called averages . The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s . The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean , the median and the mode . A central tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution , such as the normal distribution . Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote `` the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value . '' The central tendency of a distribution is typically contrasted with its dispersion or variability ; dispersion and central tendency are the often characterized properties of distributions . Analysts may judge whether data has a strong or a weak central tendency based on its dispersion . Contents ( hide ) 1 Measures 2 Solutions to variational problems 2.1 Uniqueness 3 Relationships between the mean , median and mode 4 See also 5 References Measures ( edit ) The following may be applied to one - dimensional data . Depending on the circumstances , it may be appropriate to transform the data before calculating a central tendency . Examples are squaring the values or taking logarithms . Whether a transformation is appropriate and what it should be , depend heavily on the data being analyzed . Arithmetic mean or simply , mean the sum of all measurements divided by the number of observations in the data set . Median the middle value that separates the higher half from the lower half of the data set . The median and the mode are the only measures of central tendency that can be used for ordinal data , in which values are ranked relative to each other but are not measured absolutely . Mode the most frequent value in the data set . This is the only central tendency measure that can be used with nominal data , which have purely qualitative category assignments . Geometric mean the nth root of the product of the data values , where there are n of these . This measure is valid only for data that are measured absolutely on a strictly positive scale . Harmonic mean the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the data values . This measure too is valid only for data that are measured absolutely on a strictly positive scale . Weighted arithmetic mean an arithmetic mean that incorporates weighting to certain data elements . Truncated mean or trimmed mean the arithmetic mean of data values after a certain number or proportion of the highest and lowest data values have been discarded . Interquartile mean a truncated mean based on data within the interquartile range . Midrange the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of a data set . Midhinge the arithmetic mean of the two quartiles . Trimean the weighted arithmetic mean of the median and two quartiles . Winsorized mean an arithmetic mean in which extreme values are replaced by values closer to the median . Any of the above may be applied to each dimension of multi-dimensional data , but the results may not be invariant to rotations of the multi-dimensional space . In addition , there are the Geometric median which minimizes the sum of distances to the data points . This is the same as the median when applied to one - dimensional data , but it is not the same as taking the median of each dimension independently . It is not invariant to different rescaling of the different dimensions . Quadratic mean ( often known as the root mean square ) useful in engineering , but not often used in statistics . This is because it is not a good indicator of the center of the distribution when the distribution includes negative values . Simplicial depth the probability that a randomly chosen simplex with vertices from the given distribution will contain the given center Tukey median a point with the property that every halfspace containing it also contains many sample points Solutions to variational problems ( edit ) Several measures of central tendency can be characterized as solving a variational problem , in the sense of the calculus of variations , namely minimizing variation from the center . That is , given a measure of statistical dispersion , one asks for a measure of central tendency that minimizes variation : such that variation from the center is minimal among all choices of center . In a quip , `` dispersion precedes location '' . This center may or may not be unique . In the sense of L spaces , the correspondence is : L dispersion central tendency variation ratio mode average absolute deviation median standard deviation mean maximum deviation midrange The associated functions are called p - norms : respectively 0 - `` norm '' , 1 - norm , 2 - norm , and ∞ - norm . The function corresponding to the L space is not a norm , and is thus often referred to in quotes : 0 - `` norm '' . In equations , for a given ( finite ) data set X , thought of as a vector x = ( x 1 , ... , x n ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathbf ( x ) = ( x_ ( 1 ) , \ ldots , x_ ( n ) ) ) , the dispersion about a point c is the `` distance '' from x to the constant vector c = ( c , ... , c ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathbf ( c ) = ( c , \ ldots , c ) ) in the p - norm ( normalized by the number of points n ) : f p ( c ) = ‖ x − c ‖ p : = ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i − c p ) 1 / p . ( \ displaystyle f_ ( p ) ( c ) = \ left \ \ mathbf ( x ) - \ mathbf ( c ) \ right \ _ ( p ) : = ( \ bigg ( ) ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( n ) ) \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) \ left x_ ( i ) - c \ right ^ ( p ) ( \ bigg ) ) ^ ( 1 / p ) . ) Note that for p = 0 ( \ displaystyle p = 0 ) and p = ∞ ( \ displaystyle p = \ infty ) these functions are defined by taking limits , respectively as p → 0 ( \ displaystyle p \ to 0 ) and p → ∞ ( \ displaystyle p \ to \ infty ) . For p = 0 ( \ displaystyle p = 0 ) the limiting values are 0 0 = 0 ( \ displaystyle 0 ^ ( 0 ) = 0 ) and a 0 = 1 ( \ displaystyle a ^ ( 0 ) = 1 ) for a ≠ 0 ( \ displaystyle a \ neq 0 ) , so the difference becomes simply equality , so the 0 - norm counts the number of unequal points . For p = ∞ ( \ displaystyle p = \ infty ) the largest number dominates , and thus the ∞ - norm is the maximum difference . Uniqueness ( edit ) The mean ( L center ) and midrange ( L center ) are unique ( when they exist ) , while the median ( L center ) and mode ( L center ) are not in general unique . This can be understood in terms of convexity of the associated functions ( coercive functions ) . The 2 - norm and ∞ - norm are strictly convex , and thus ( by convex optimization ) the minimizer is unique ( if it exists ) , and exists for bounded distributions . Thus standard deviation about the mean is lower than standard deviation about any other point , and the maximum deviation about the midrange is lower than the maximum deviation about any other point . The 1 - norm is not strictly convex , whereas strict convexity is needed to ensure uniqueness of the minimizer . Correspondingly , the median ( in this sense of minimizing ) is not in general unique , and in fact any point between the two central points of a discrete distribution minimizes average absolute deviation . The 0 - `` norm '' is not convex ( hence not a norm ) . Correspondingly , the mode is not unique -- for example , in a uniform distribution any point is the mode . Relationships between the mean , median and mode ( edit ) Main article : Nonparametric skew § Relationships between the mean , median and mode For unimodal distributions the following bounds are known and are sharp : θ − μ σ ≤ 3 , ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( \ theta - \ mu ) ( \ sigma ) ) \ leq ( \ sqrt ( 3 ) ) , ) ν − μ σ ≤ 0.6 , ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( \ nu - \ mu ) ( \ sigma ) ) \ leq ( \ sqrt ( 0.6 ) ) , ) θ − ν σ ≤ 3 , ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( \ theta - \ nu ) ( \ sigma ) ) \ leq ( \ sqrt ( 3 ) ) , ) where μ is the mean , ν is the median , θ is the mode , and σ is the standard deviation . For every distribution , ν − μ σ ≤ 1 . ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( \ nu - \ mu ) ( \ sigma ) ) \ leq 1 . ) See also ( edit ) Expected value Location parameter References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Weisberg H.F ( 1992 ) Central Tendency and Variability , Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences , ISBN 0 - 8039 - 4007 - 6 p. 2 ^ Jump up to : Upton , G. ; Cook , I. ( 2008 ) Oxford Dictionary of Statistics , OUP ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 954145 - 4 ( entry for `` central tendency '' ) Jump up ^ Dodge , Y. ( 2003 ) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP for International Statistical Institute . ISBN 0 - 19 - 920613 - 9 ( entry for `` central tendency '' ) Jump up ^ Johnson NL , Rogers CA ( 1951 ) `` The moment problem for unimodal distributions '' . Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 22 ( 3 ) 433 -- 439 Jump up ^ Hotelling H , Solomons LM ( 1932 ) The limits of a measure of skewness . Annals Math Stat 3 , 141 -- 114 Jump up ^ Garver ( 1932 ) Concerning the limits of a mesuare of skewness . Ann Math Stats 3 ( 4 ) 141 -- 142 ( hide ) Statistics Outline Index ( hide ) Descriptive statistics Continuous data Center Mean arithmetic geometric harmonic Median Mode Dispersion Variance Standard deviation Coefficient of variation Percentile Range Interquartile range Shape Central limit theorem Moments Skewness Kurtosis L - moments Count data Index of dispersion Summary tables Grouped data Frequency distribution Contingency table Dependence Pearson product - moment correlation Rank correlation Spearman 's rho Kendall 's tau Partial correlation Scatter plot Graphics Bar chart Biplot Box plot Control chart Correlogram Fan chart Forest plot Histogram Pie chart Q -- Q plot Run chart Scatter plot Stem - and - leaf display Radar chart Data collection Study design Population Statistic Effect size Statistical power Sample size determination Missing data Survey methodology Sampling stratified cluster Standard error Opinion poll Questionnaire Controlled experiments Design control optimal Controlled trial Randomized Random assignment Replication Blocking Interaction Factorial experiment Uncontrolled studies Observational study Natural experiment Quasi-experiment Statistical inference Statistical theory Population Statistic Probability distribution Sampling distribution Order statistic Empirical distribution Density estimation Statistical model L space Parameter location scale shape Parametric family Likelihood ( monotone ) Location -- scale family Exponential family Completeness Sufficiency Statistical functional Bootstrap U V Optimal decision loss function Efficiency Statistical distance divergence Asymptotics Robustness Frequentist inference Point estimation Estimating equations Maximum likelihood Method of moments M - estimator Minimum distance Unbiased estimators Mean - unbiased minimum - variance Rao -- Blackwellization Lehmann -- Scheffé theorem Median unbiased Plug - in Interval estimation Confidence interval Pivot Likelihood interval Prediction interval Tolerance interval Resampling Bootstrap Jackknife Testing hypotheses 1 - & 2 - tails Power Uniformly most powerful test Permutation test Randomization test Multiple comparisons Parametric tests Likelihood - ratio Wald Score Specific tests Z - test ( normal ) Student 's t - test F - test Goodness of fit Chi - squared G - test Kolmogorov -- Smirnov Anderson -- Darling Lilliefors Jarque -- Bera Normality ( Shapiro -- Wilk ) Likelihood - ratio test Model selection Cross validation AIC BIC Rank statistics Sign Sample median Signed rank ( Wilcoxon ) Hodges -- Lehmann estimator Rank sum ( Mann -- Whitney ) Nonparametric anova 1 - way ( Kruskal -- Wallis ) 2 - way ( Friedman ) Ordered alternative ( Jonckheere -- Terpstra ) Bayesian inference Bayesian probability prior posterior Credible interval Bayes factor Bayesian estimator Maximum posterior estimator Correlation Regression analysis Correlation Pearson product - moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination Regression analysis Errors and residuals Regression model validation Mixed effects models Simultaneous equations models Multivariate adaptive regression splines ( MARS ) Linear regression Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares General linear model Bayesian regression Non-standard predictors Nonlinear regression Nonparametric Semiparametric Isotonic Robust Heteroscedasticity Homoscedasticity Generalized linear model Exponential families Logistic ( Bernoulli ) / Binomial / Poisson regressions Partition of variance Analysis of variance ( ANOVA , anova ) Analysis of covariance Multivariate ANOVA Degrees of freedom Categorical / Multivariate / Time - series / Survival analysis Categorical Cohen 's kappa Contingency table Graphical model Log - linear model McNemar 's test Multivariate Regression Manova Principal components Canonical correlation Discriminant analysis Cluster analysis Classification Structural equation model Factor analysis Multivariate distributions Elliptical distributions Normal Time - series General Decomposition Trend Stationarity Seasonal adjustment Exponential smoothing Cointegration Structural break Granger causality Specific tests Dickey -- Fuller Johansen Q - statistic ( Ljung -- Box ) Durbin -- Watson Breusch -- Godfrey Time domain Autocorrelation ( ACF ) partial ( PACF ) Cross-correlation ( XCF ) ARMA model ARIMA model ( Box -- Jenkins ) Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity ( ARCH ) Vector autoregression ( VAR ) Frequency domain Spectral density estimation Fourier analysis Wavelet Survival Survival function Kaplan -- Meier estimator ( product limit ) Proportional hazards models Accelerated failure time ( AFT ) model First hitting time Hazard function Nelson -- Aalen estimator Test Log - rank test Applications Biostatistics Bioinformatics Clinical trials / studies Epidemiology Medical statistics Engineering statistics Chemometrics Methods engineering Probabilistic design Process / quality control Reliability System identification Social statistics Actuarial science Census Crime statistics Demography Econometrics National accounts Official statistics Population statistics Psychometrics Spatial statistics Cartography Environmental statistics Geographic information system Geostatistics Kriging Portal Commons WikiProject Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_tendency&oldid=826381045 '' Categories : Summary statistics Probability theory Talk Contents Interaction About Wikipedia বাংলা Català Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Polski Русский Simple English Basa Sunda Suomi తెలుగు Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 February 2018 , at 20 : 09 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | mean mode and median are measures of what | ['The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median and the mode. A central tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value."[2][3]'] | ['central tendency'] | The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median and the mode. A central tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value."[2][3] |
[question]: What are the three most common measures of central tendency?
[answer]: The three most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode. | What are the three most common measures of central tendency? | The three most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode. | 1 | 7.699522 | 17 | 57 | 1 |
15,330 | 7,267,272,188,070,148,000 | Human–computer chess matches | Human -- computer Chess matches - wikipedia Human -- computer Chess matches Jump to : navigation , search This article documents the progress of significant human -- computer chess matches . Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s . Their most famous success was the victory of Deep Blue over then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 , but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer . In 2002 -- 2003 three human - computer matches were drawn . But whereas Deep Blue was a specialized machine , these were chess programs running on commercially available computers . Chess programs running on commercially - available desktop computers had convincing victories against human players in matches in 2005 and 2006 . Since that time , chess programs running on commercial hardware - more recently including mobile phones - have been able to defeat even the strongest human players . Contents ( hide ) 1 MANIAC ( 1956 ) 2 Mac Hack VI ( 1966 -- 1968 ) 3 Chess x.x ( 1968 -- 1978 ) 4 David Levy 's bet ( 1978 ) 5 Cray Blitz ( 1981 ) 6 HiTech ( 1988 ) 7 The Aegon Man - Machine Tournaments ( 1986 -- 1997 ) 8 Deep Thought ( 1989 ) 9 Chess Genius ( 1994 ) 10 Kasparov -- Deep Blue ( 1996 -- 1997 ) 10.1 1996 10.2 1997 11 Anand -- REBEL ( 1998 ) 12 Deep Junior at Dortmund ( 2000 ) 13 Kramnik -- Deep Fritz ( 2002 ) 14 Kasparov -- Deep Junior ( 2003 ) 15 Kasparov -- X3D Fritz ( 2003 ) 16 Man vs Machine World Team Championship ( 2004 -- 2005 ) 16.1 2004 16.2 2005 17 Hydra -- Adams ( 2005 ) 18 Kramnik -- Deep Fritz ( 2006 ) 19 Rybka odds matches ( 2007 -- 2008 ) 20 Pocket Fritz 4 ( 2009 ) 21 Komodo handicap matches ( 2015 ) 22 References MANIAC ( 1956 ) ( edit ) In 1956 MANIAC , developed at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory , became the first computer to defeat a human in a chess - like game . Playing with the simplified Los Alamos rules , it defeated a novice in 23 moves . Mac Hack VI ( 1966 -- 1968 ) ( edit ) In 1966 MIT student Richard Greenblatt wrote the chess program Mac Hack VI using MIDAS macro assembly language on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP - 6 computer with 16K of memory . Mac Hack VI evaluated 10 positions per second . In 1967 , several MIT students and professors ( organized by Seymour Papert ) challenged Dr. Hubert Dreyfus to play a game of chess against Mac Hack VI . Dreyfus , a professor of philosophy at MIT , wrote the book What Computers Ca n't Do , questioning the computer 's ability to serve as a model for the human brain . He also asserted that no computer program could defeat even a 10 - year - old child at chess . Dreyfus accepted the challenge . Herbert A. Simon , an artificial intelligence pioneer , watched the game . He said `` It was a wonderful game -- a real cliffhanger between two woodpushers with bursts of insights and fiendish plans ... great moments of drama and disaster that go in such games . '' The computer was beating Dreyfus when he found a move , which could have captured the enemy queen . The only way the computer could get out of this was to keep Dreyfus in checks with its own queen until it could fork the queen and king , and then exchange them . That is what the computer did . Soon , Dreyfus was losing . Finally , the computer checkmated Dreyfus in the middle of the board . In the spring of 1967 , Mac Hack VI played in the Boston Amateur championship winning 2 games and drawing 2 games . Mac Hack VI beat a 1510 United States Chess Federation player . This is the first time a computer won a game in a human tournament . At the end of 1968 , Mac Hack VI achieved a rating of 1529 . The average rating in the USCF was near 1500 . Chess x.x ( 1968 -- 1978 ) ( edit ) In 1968 , Northwestern University students Larry Atkin , David Slate and Keith Gorlen began work on Chess ( Northwestern University ) . On July 25 , 1976 , Chess 4.5 scored 5 -- 0 in the Class B ( 1600 -- 1799 ) section of the 4th Paul Masson chess tournament in Saratoga , California . This was the first time a computer won a human tournament . Chess 4.5 was rated 1722 . Chess 4.5 running on a Control Data Corporation CDC Cyber 175 supercomputer ( 2.1 megaflops ) looked at less than 1500 positions per second . On February 20 , 1977 , Chess 4.5 won the 84th Minnesota Open Championship with 5 wins and 1 loss . It defeated expert Charles Fenner rated 2016 . On April 30 , 1978 , Chess 4.6 scored 5 -- 0 at the Twin Cities Open in Minneapolis . Chess 4.6 was rated 2040 . International Master Edward Lasker stated that year , `` My contention that computers can not play like a master , I retract . They play absolutely alarmingly . I know , because I have lost games to 4.7 . '' David Levy 's bet ( 1978 ) ( edit ) Main article : David Levy ( chess player ) § Computer chess bet For a long time in the 1970s and 1980s it remained an open question whether any Chess program would ever be able to defeat the expertise of top humans . In 1968 , International Master David Levy made a famous bet that no chess computer would be able to beat him within ten years . He won his bet in 1978 by beating Chess 4.7 ( the strongest computer at the time ) , but acknowledged then that it would not be long before he would be surpassed . Cray blitz ( 1981 ) ( edit ) In 1981 , Cray Blitz scored 5 -- 0 in the Mississippi State Championship . In round 4 it defeated Joe Sentef ( 2262 ) to become the first computer to beat a master in tournament play and the first computer to gain a master rating ( 2258 ) . HiTech ( 1988 ) ( edit ) In 1988 , HiTech won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship with a score of 4.5 -- 0.5 . HiTech defeated International Master Ed Formanek ( 2485 ) . The Harvard Cup Man versus Computer Chess Challenge was organized by Harvard University . There were six challenges from 1989 until 1995 . They played in Boston and New York City . In each challenge the humans scored higher and the highest scorer was a human . Year Men - Compu . Human points Compu . points Winner Points Best Program Points Rank 1989 4 -- 4 131⁄2 21⁄2 Boris Gulko , Michael Rohde Deep Thought 5 1991 4 -- 4 12 Maxim Dlugy 31⁄2 Heuristic Alpha 5 1992 5 -- 5 18 7 Michael Rohde 5 Socrates 1993 6 -- 6 27 9 Joel Benjamin 5 Socrates 6 1994 6 -- 8 291⁄2 181⁄2 Joel Benjamin 61⁄2 WChess 5 1995 6 -- 6 231⁄2 121⁄2 Joel Benjamin 41⁄2 Virtual Chess 31⁄2 The Aegon Man - Machine tournaments ( 1986 -- 1997 ) ( edit ) The 12 Aegon Man - Machine Tournaments were held annually from 1986 to 1997 . The Dutch Computer Chess Federation ( CSVN ) organized the Aegon Man - Machine Tournaments in The Hague , Netherlands . The Aegon insurance company hosted the tournaments . An equal number of humans and computers played a 6 round swiss tournament with all games between humans and computers . The early tournaments were mostly local players and anti-computer tactics specialists . Later tournaments included masters and grandmasters . In the early tournaments , humans won more games . In the later tournaments , computers won more games . 100 players played in the 1997 tournament . Computers won 151 1⁄2 points . Humans won 148 1⁄2 points . Yona Kosashvili scored highest for the humans at 6 points out of 6 games . Kallisto scored highest for the computers at 4 1⁄2 points . Year Players Rounds Human points Comp Points Winner Points Best Program Points Rank 1986 2 * 11 7 Fred van der Vliet 6 Rebel 41⁄2 5 2 * 13 6 Martin Voorn 6 Mephisto Dallas 16 bit 41⁄2 2 * 16 6 Lex Jongsma 6 Mephisto Mega 4 7 1989 2 * 16 6 571⁄2 23 Ad van den Berg 5 Chess Challenger 31⁄2 8 2 * 14 6 47 37 HiTech 5 HiTech 5 1991 2 * 20 6 John van der Wiel 6 MChess 8 1992 2 * 24 6 84 60 David Bronstein 6 Mephisto 68030 8 1993 2 * 32 6 David Bronstein 51⁄2 The King 5 1994 2 * 38 6 114 114 Larry Christiansen 51⁄2 Gideon 41⁄2 5 1995 2 * 48 6 132 155 John van der Wiel 51⁄2 Hiarcs 5 2 * 50 6 1371⁄2 1621⁄2 Yasser Seirawan 6 Quest 41⁄2 5 1997 2 * 50 6 1481⁄2 1511⁄2 Yona Kosashvili 6 Kallisto 41⁄2 Deep Thought ( 1989 ) ( edit ) In 1988 , Deep Thought shared first place with Tony Miles in the Software Toolworks Championship , ahead of a former world champion Mikhail Tal and several grandmasters including Samuel Reshevsky , Walter Browne , and Mikhail Gurevich . It also defeated grandmaster Bent Larsen , making it the first computer to beat a grandmaster in a tournament . Its rating for performance in this tournament of 2745 ( USCF scale ) . In 1989 , Levy was defeated by the computer Deep Thought in an exhibition match . Deep Thought , however , was still considerably below World Championship Level , as the then reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov demonstrated in two convincing wins in 1989 . Chess Genius ( 1994 ) ( edit ) The `` Chess Genius '' program was entered into a Professional Chess Association rapid chess tournament in 1994 . It defeated and eliminated world champion Kasparov , but lost to Viswanathan Anand in the next round . This was the first time a computer had defeated the world champion in an official game , albeit at rapid time controls . Kasparov -- Deep Blue ( 1996 -- 1997 ) ( edit ) Main article : Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov Deep Blue vs. Kasparov 1996 , game 1 d f g h 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 d f g h Final position Kasparov played a six - game match against IBM 's Deep Blue in 1996 . Kasparov lost the first game ( Deep Blue -- Kasparov , 1996 , Game 1 ) , the first time a reigning world champion had lost to a computer using regular time controls . However , Kasparov regrouped to win three and draw two of the remaining five games of the match , for a convincing 4 -- 2 match victory . 1997 ( edit ) In May 1997 , an updated version of Deep Blue defeated Kasparov 31⁄2 -- 21⁄2 in a highly publicized six - game match . Kasparov won the first , lost the second , and drew the next three . The match was even after five games but Kasparov was crushed in Game 6 . This was the first time a computer had ever defeated a world champion in match play . A documentary film was made about this famous match - up entitled Game Over : Kasparov and the Machine . In that film Kasparov casually says , `` I have to tell you that , you know , game two was not just a single loss of a game . It was a loss of the match , because I could n't recover . '' It should be noted however , that in game 6 , Kasparov blundered very early into the game . Kasparov cites tiredness and unhappiness with the IBM team 's conduct at the time as the main reason . Kasparov claimed that several factors weighed against him in this match . In particular , he was denied access to Deep Blue 's recent games , in contrast to the computer 's team that could study hundreds of Kasparov 's . After the loss Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine 's moves , suggesting that during the second game , human chess players , in contravention of the rules , intervened . IBM denied that it cheated , saying the only human intervention occurred between games . The rules provided for the developers to modify the program between games , an opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses in the computer 's play revealed during the course of the match . Kasparov requested printouts of the machine 's log files but IBM refused , although the company later published the logs on the Internet . Kasparov demanded a rematch , but IBM refused and dismantled Deep Blue . Kasparov maintains that he was told the match was to be a scientific project but that it soon became apparent that IBM wanted to beat him and nothing more . Anand -- Rebel ( 1998 ) ( edit ) With increasing processing power , Chess programs running on regular workstations began to rival top flight players . In 1998 , Rebel 10 defeated Viswanathan Anand who at the time was ranked second in the world , by a score of 5 -- 3 . However most of those games were not played at normal time controls . Out of the eight games , four were blitz games ( five minutes plus five seconds Fischer delay ( see time control ) for each move ) these Rebel won 3 -- 1 . Then two were semi-blitz games ( fifteen minutes for each side ) which Rebel won as well ( 11⁄2 -- 1⁄2 ) . Finally two games were played as regular tournament games ( forty moves in two hours , one hour sudden death ) here it was Anand who won 1⁄2 -- 11⁄2 . At least in fast games computers played better than humans but at classical time controls -- at which a player 's rating is determined -- the advantage was not so clear . Deep Junior at Dortmund ( 2000 ) ( edit ) Deep Junior played 9 grandmasters at the Sparkassen Chess Meeting in Dortmund , Germany from July 6 to July 17 , 2000 . The 2000 Sparkassen Chess Meeting was a category 19 chess tournament . Computer program Deep Junior competed in a round robin format . Deep Junior scored 4.5 in 9 rounds . Deep Junior performed at a rating of 2703 . Round White Elo Black Elo Result Moves ECO Bareev , E 2702 Deep Junior 1⁄2 -- 1⁄2 146 D46 Deep Junior Huebner , R 2615 1 - 0 39 C04 Adams , M 2755 Deep Junior 1⁄2 -- 1⁄2 84 C68 Deep Junior Khalifman , A 2667 1⁄2 -- 1⁄2 129 B08 5 Kramnik , V 2770 Deep Junior 1 - 0 65 D00 6 Deep Junior Akopian , V 2660 1⁄2 -- 1⁄2 89 B00 7 Anand , V 2762 Deep Junior 1⁄2 -- 1⁄2 35 D05 8 Deep Junior Piket , J 2649 0 - 1 68 B15 9 Leko , P 2740 Deep Junior 0 - 1 120 C48 Kramnik -- Deep Fritz ( 2002 ) ( edit ) In October 2002 , Vladimir Kramnik ( who had succeeded Kasparov as Classical World Chess Champion ) and Deep Fritz competed in the eight - game Brains in Bahrain match , which ended in a 4 -- 4 draw . Kramnik was given several advantages in his match against Fritz when compared to most other Man vs. Machine matches , such as the one Kasparov lost against Deep Blue in 1997 . The code of Fritz was frozen some time before the first match and Kramnik was given a copy of Fritz to practice with for several months . Another difference was that in games lasting more than 56 moves , Kramnik was allowed to adjourn until the following day , during which time he could use his copy of Fritz to aid him in his overnight analysis of the position . Kramnik won games 2 and 3 by `` conventional '' anti-computer tactics -- play conservatively for a long - term advantage the computer is not able to see in its game tree search . Fritz , however , won game 5 after a severe blunder by Kramnik . Game 6 was described by the tournament commentators as `` spectacular . '' Kramnik , in a better position in the early middlegame , tried a piece sacrifice to achieve a strong tactical attack , a strategy known to be highly risky against computers who are at their strongest defending against such attacks . True to form , Fritz found a watertight defense and Kramnik 's attack petered out leaving him in a bad position . Kramnik resigned the game , believing the position lost . However , post-game human and computer analysis has shown that the Fritz program was unlikely to have been able to force a win and Kramnik effectively sacrificed a drawn position . The final two games were draws . Given the circumstances , most commentators still rate Kramnik the stronger player in the match . Kasparov -- Deep Junior ( 2003 ) ( edit ) In January 2003 , Kasparov engaged in a six - game classical time control match with a $1 million prize fund which was billed as the FIDE `` Man vs. Machine '' World Championship , against Deep Junior . The engine evaluated three million positions per second . After one win each and three draws , it was all up to the final game . The final game of the match was televised on ESPN2 and was watched by an estimated 200 -- 300 million people . After reaching a decent position Kasparov offered a draw , which was soon accepted by the Deep Junior team . Asked why he offered the draw , Kasparov said he feared making a blunder . Originally planned as an annual event , the match was not repeated . Kasparov -- X3D Fritz ( 2003 ) ( edit ) In November 2003 , Kasparov engaged in a four - game match against the computer program X3D Fritz ( which was said to have an estimated rating of 2807 ) , using a virtual board , 3D glasses and a speech recognition system . After two draws and one win apiece , the X3D Man - Machine match ended in a draw . Kasparov received $175,000 for the result and took home the golden trophy . Kasparov continued to criticize the blunder in the second game that cost him a crucial point . He felt that he had outplayed the machine overall and played well . `` I only made one mistake but unfortunately that one mistake lost the game . '' Man vs. Machine world team Championship ( 2004 -- 2005 ) ( edit ) The Man vs Machine World Team Championships were two chess tournaments in Bilbao , Spain , between leading chess grandmasters and chess computers . Both were convincingly won by the computers . A second name for the tournaments is Human vs. Computers World Team Matches . In October 2004 , Ruslan Ponomariov ( then having Elo 2710 ) , Veselin Topalov ( Elo 2757 ) and Sergey Karjakin ( Elo 2576 ) played against computers Hydra , Fritz 8 , and Deep Junior . Ponomariov and Topalov were FIDE world chess champions . Sergey Karjakin at 12 was the youngest Grandmaster . Hydra was running on a special machine with 16 processors located in Abu Dhabi , UAE ; Deep Junior , the then reigning computer chess world champion , used a remote 4 x 2.8 GHz Xeon machine located at Intel UK ( Swindon ) ; and Fritz 8 was running on a Centrino 1.7 GHz notebook . The computers won 8.5 to 3.5 . The humans won one game : Karjakin , the youngest and lowest rated player , defeated Deep Junior . Ponomariov -- Hydra 0 -- 1 Fritz -- Karjakin 1 -- 0 Deep Junior -- Topalov 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Karjakin -- Deep Junior 1 -- 0 Ponomariov -- Fritz 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Topalov -- Hydra 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Deep Junior -- Ponomariov 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Hydra -- Karjakin 1 -- 0 Fritz -- Topalov 1 -- 0 Hydra -- Ponomariov 1 -- 0 Karjakin -- Fritz 0 -- 1 Topalov -- Deep Junior 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 2005 ( edit ) In November 2005 , 3 former FIDE world chess champions , Alexander Khalifman , Ruslan Ponomariov and Rustam Kasimdzhanov played against computers Hydra , Junior and Fritz . The computers won 8 to 4 . The Ponomariov vs Fritz game on November 21 , 2005 is the last known win by a human against a top performing computer under normal chess tournament conditions . Ponomariov -- Junior 0 -- 1 Hydra -- Kasimdzhanov 1 -- 0 Fritz -- Khalifman 1 -- 0 Ponomariov -- Fritz 1 -- 0 Kasimdzhanov -- Junior 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Khalifman -- Hydra 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Hydra -- Ponomariov 1 -- 0 Fritz -- Kasimdzhanov 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Junior -- Khalifman 1 -- 0 Ponomariov -- Junior 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Kasimdzhanov -- Hydra 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Khalifman -- Fritz 1 / 2 -- 1 / 2 Hydra -- Adams ( 2005 ) ( edit ) In 2005 , Hydra , a dedicated chess computer with custom hardware and sixty - four processors and also winner of the 14th IPCCC in 2005 , crushed seventh - ranked Michael Adams 51⁄2 -- 1⁄2 in a six - game match . While Adams was criticized for not preparing as well as Kasparov and Kramnik had , some commentators saw this as heralding the end of human - computer matches . Kramnik -- Deep Fritz ( 2006 ) ( edit ) Kramnik , then still the World Champion , played a six - game match against the computer program Deep Fritz in Bonn , Germany from November 25 to December 5 , 2006 , losing 4 -- 2 to the machine , with two losses and four draws . He received 500,000 Euros for playing and would have received another 500,000 Euros had he won the match . Deep Fritz version 10 ran on a computer containing two Intel Xeon CPUs ( a Xeon DC 5160 3 GHz processor with a 1333 MHz FSB and a 4 MB L2 cache ) and was able to evaluate eight million positions per second . Kramnik received a copy of the program in mid-October for testing , but the final version included an updated opening book . Except for limited updates to the opening book , the program was not allowed to be changed during the course of the match . The endgame tablebases used by the program were restricted to five pieces even though a complete six - piece tablebase is widely available . While Deep Fritz was in its opening book Kramnik is allowed to see Fritz 's display . The Fritz display contains opening book moves , number of games , Elo performance , score from grandmaster games and the move weighting . In the first five games Kramnik steered the game into a typical `` anti-computer '' positional contest . On November 25 , the first game ended in a draw at the 47th move . A number of commentators believe Kramnik missed a win . Two days later , the second game resulted in a victory for Deep Fritz , when Kramnik made what might be called the `` blunder of the century '' according to Susan Polgar , when he failed to defend against a threatened mate - in - one in an even position . ( see also Deep Fritz v. Vladimir Kramnik blunder ) . The third , fourth and fifth games in the match ended in draws . In the final game , in an attempt to draw the match , Kramnik played the more aggressive Sicilian Defence and was crushed , losing the match 4 -- 2 . There was speculation that interest in human - computer chess competition would plummet as a result of the 2006 Kramnik -- Deep Fritz match . According to McGill University computer science professor Monty Newborn , for example , `` the science is done '' . The prediction appears to have come true , with no major human - computer matches in the next 10 years . Rybka odds matches ( 2007 -- 2008 ) ( edit ) Since 2007 Rybka has played some odds matches against grandmasters . Jaan Ehlvest first lost a pawn - odds match , then later lost a match when given time , color , opening , and endgame advantages . Roman Dzindzichashvili then lost a match when given pawn and move odds . In September 2008 , Rybka played an odds match against Vadim Milov , its strongest opponent yet in an odds match . ( Milov at the time had an Elo rating of 2705 , 28th in the world ) . The result was a narrow victory to Milov : He had won 11⁄2 -- 1⁄2 when given pawn - and - move , and 21⁄2 -- 11⁄2 ( 1 win , 3 draws ) when given exchange odds but playing black . In two standard games ( Milov had white , no odds ) , Rybka won 11⁄2 -- 1⁄2 . Pocket Fritz 4 ( 2009 ) ( edit ) In 2009 a chess engine running on slower hardware , a 528 MHz HTC Touch HD mobile phone , reached the grandmaster level . The mobile phone won a category 6 tournament with a performance rating 2898 . The chess engine Hiarcs 13 runs inside Pocket Fritz 4 on the mobile phone HTC Touch HD . Pocket Fritz 4 won the Copa Mercosur tournament in Buenos Aires , Argentina with 9 wins and 1 draw on August 4 -- 14 , 2009 . Pocket Fritz 4 searches fewer than 20,000 positions per second . This is in contrast to supercomputers such as Deep Blue that searched 200 million positions per second . Pocket Fritz 4 achieves a higher performance level than Deep Blue . Pocket Fritz 3 using version 12.1 of Hiarcs won the same event the previous year with six wins and four draws , running on a 624 MHz HP iPAQ hx2790 . The 2008 Mercosur Cup was a category 7 tournament . Pocket Fritz 3 achieved a performance rating of 2690 . Komodo handicap matches ( 2015 ) ( edit ) In 2015 , chess engine Komodo played a series of handicap matches with GM Sergej Movsesian , GM Martin Petr , GM Petr Neuman , FM Victor Bolzoni , FM John Meyer , Mark Gray and FM Larry Gilden . These games included one pawn , two pawn , exchange ( rook for knight ) , and knight odds . Komodo fared well in all of these drawing a majority but winning at least one in all configurations . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Douglas , JR ( December 1978 ) . `` Chess 4.7 versus David Levy '' . BYTE . p. 84 . Retrieved 17 October 2013 . Jump up ^ Wall , Bill . `` Early Computer Chess Programs '' . Bill Wall 's Wonderful World of Chess . Chessville . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Wall , Bill . `` The Slate / Atkin program CHESS x.x '' . Chess.com . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Tiny Computer Sends Chess Foe Down Tube '' . Milwaukee Journal . Washington Post Service . 1978 - 12 - 10 . pp. Discover 1 . Retrieved 21 January 2015 . Jump up ^ Robert Hyatt ( 1981 ) . `` Checkmate : The Cray - 1 Plays Chess '' ( PDF ) . Cray Channels . Cray Research . 3 ( 2 ) . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Hans Berliner ( 1988 ) . `` HITECH Becomes First Computer Senior Master '' . AI Magazine . 9 ( 3 ) : 85 -- 87 . Retrieved 23 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Harvard Cup '' . Wiki Space Chess Programming . Retrieved 7 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Harvard Cup Human vs. Computer Chess Challenge '' . the Dutch Computer Chess Federation . Retrieved 7 March 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Aegon Tournaments '' . Chess Programming Wiki . Retrieved 25 July 2010 . Jump up ^ Intel Speed Chess Grand Prix , London , Mark Crowther ( The Week in Chess ) , USENET , September 4 , 1994 . Retrieved 27 March 2008 . Jump up ^ Deep Blue the Match Replay the games IBM Jump up ^ Rebel vs Anand Jump up ^ `` Computer Deep Junior Games '' . 365 Chess . Retrieved 21 February 2012 . Jump up ^ Do Not Pass Go by Devid Levy , Guardian Unlimited , 2002 - 10 - 24 , Retrieved 2006 - 09 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Kasparov vs Deep Junior in January 2003 '' . ChessBase . Retrieved 11 August 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Kasparov : `` Intuition versus the brute force of calculation '' `` . CNN . 2003 - 02 - 10 . Retrieved 11 August 2007 . Jump up ^ Shabazz , Damian . `` Kasparov & Deep Junior fight 3 -- 3 to draw ! '' . The Chess Drum . Retrieved 11 August 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Bilbao Man vs Machine -- a resume '' . Chess Base . Jump up ^ `` 8 : 4 final score for the machines -- what next ? '' . ChessBase. 24 November 2005 . Jump up ^ `` Bilbao man vs machine '' . ChessBase . November 2005 . Jump up ^ `` Bilbao -- the humans strike back '' . ChessBase. 22 November 2005 . Jump up ^ `` Game AIs '' . XKCD . Jump up ^ ChessBase.com -- Chess News -- Adams vs Hydra : Man 0.5 -- Machine 5.5 Jump up ^ The last man vs machine match ? , translated from Spiegel Online , 23 November 2006 Jump up ^ Official rules of the match Kramnik vs. Fritz , from Susan Polgar 's blog . Jump up ^ ( in Russian ) Echo.MSK.ru Jump up ^ Seirawan on Kramnik vs Deep Fritz game one Jump up ^ Blunder of the century Jump up ^ Kramnik vs Deep Fritz : Computer wins match by 4 : 2 , Chessbase News , 6 December 2006 Jump up ^ `` Once Again , Machine Beats Human Champion at Chess '' . The New York Times . December 5 , 2006 . Retrieved 4 May 2010 . Jump up ^ The Dzindzi -- Rybka 3 Handicap Match , Chessbase , August 09 , 2008 Jump up ^ The Milov vs. Rybka Handicap Match , Chessbase , September 24 , 2008 Jump up ^ Pocket Fritz 4 wins Copa Mercosur Jump up ^ Tsukrov , Stanislav ( author of the Pocket Fritz GUI ) ( September 1 , 2009 ) . `` The New Pocket Fritz 4 ( Hiarcs ) Wins in Mercosur 2009 9.5 / 10 '' . HIARCS Chess Forums . HIARCS . Retrieved 15 August 2012 . Not so many . < 20kNps in the early positions , like any other device . Jump up ^ Crowther , Mark ( 11 August 2008 ) . `` THE WEEK IN CHESS 718 '' . TWIC . London Chess Centre . Retrieved 15 August 2012 . The Copa Mercosur took place 29th July -- 7th August 2008 . Pocket Fritz 3 won the event with 8 / 10 . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did a computer first beat a human at chess | ['Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most famous success was the victory of Deep Blue over then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer.'] | ['late 1980s'] | Chess computers were first able to beat strong chess players in the late 1980s. Their most famous success was the victory of Deep Blue over then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer. |
[question]: What was the name of the chess computer that beat Garry Kasparov in 1997?
[answer]: The name of the chess computer that beat Garry Kasparov in 1997 was Deep Blue. | What was the name of the chess computer that beat Garry Kasparov in 1997? | The name of the chess computer that beat Garry Kasparov in 1997 was Deep Blue. | 1 | 7.691888 | 15 | 46 | 1 |
23,844 | -5,022,399,917,741,862,000 | Batman (TV series) | Batman ( TV series ) - wikipedia Batman ( TV series ) Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 1960s series . For the animated 2000s television program , see The Batman ( TV series ) . Batman Genre Action Adventure Comedy Superhero fiction Created by William Dozier Based on Batman by Bill Finger ( uncredited ) and Bob Kane Developed by Lorenzo Semple , Jr . Starring Adam West Burt Ward Yvonne Craig Alan Napier Neil Hamilton Stafford Repp Madge Blake Cesar Romero Burgess Meredith Frank Gorshin Julie Newmar Eartha Kitt Narrated by William Dozier Opening theme `` Batman Theme '' by Neal Hefti Ending theme `` Batman Theme '' by Neal Hefti Composer ( s ) Nelson Riddle Billy May ( incidental music ) Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 120 ( list of episodes ) Production Executive producer ( s ) William Dozier Producer ( s ) Howie Horwitz Running time 25 minutes Production company ( s ) Greenway Productions 20th Century Fox Television Distributor 20th Television Warner Bros. Television Distribution Release Original network ABC Audio format Monaural Original release January 12 , 1966 ( 1966 - 01 - 12 ) -- March 14 , 1968 ( 1968 - 03 - 14 ) Chronology Related shows Batman ( 1966 film ) ( spin - off ) The Green Hornet Batman is a 1960s American live action television series , based on the DC comic book character of the same name . It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin -- two crime - fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains . It is known for its camp style , upbeat theme music , and its intentionally humorous , simplistic morality ( aimed at its largely teenage audience ) . This included championing the importance of using seat belts , doing homework , eating vegetables , and drinking milk . It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on the air without a laugh track . 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12 , 1966 , to March 14 , 1968 , twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third . In 2016 , television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Batman as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time . Contents ( hide ) 1 Format 1.1 Typical episode format and elements 1.1. 1 Teaser and exposition 1.2 Investigation 1.3 After the cliffhanger 1.4 Other recurring elements 2 Cast 2.1 Regular cast 2.2 Recurring villains 3 Production 3.1 Origin 3.2 Season 1 3.3 Season 2 3.4 Season 3 3.5 Cancellation 3.6 Tie - in music 4 Episodes 4.1 Adaptations 5 Crossover with The Green Hornet TV series 5.1 The Green Hornet and Kato on Batman 5.2 Batman and Robin on The Green Hornet 6 Reception 7 Public service announcements 7.1 U.S. Savings Bonds 7.2 U.S. Department of Labor 8 Reunions 9 Legacy 10 Batmobile 11 References in popular culture 11.1 References In animation 11.1. 1 Referenced in Batman : The Brave and the Bold 11.1. 2 Referenced in Young Justice 11.1. 3 Referenced in Robot Chicken 11.2 References in live action 11.2. 1 Referenced in Batman Forever 11.2. 2 Referenced in Birds of Prey 11.2. 3 Referenced in Animal House 11.3 References in video games 11.3. 1 Referenced in Batman : Arkham 11.3. 2 Referenced in Lego Batman 3 : Beyond Gotham 12 Spin - offs & Sequels 12.1 Batman ( 1966 film ) 12.2 Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders 12.3 Batman vs. Two - Face 12.4 The Batman ' 66 comic 12.4. 1 Other comics 13 Pinball machine 14 DVD , digital media and Blu - ray release 15 Collectibles 16 Notes 17 Broadcast history 17.1 International broadcast 18 References 19 External links Format ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Ostensibly a crime series , the style of the show was in fact campy and tongue - in - cheek . It was a true situation comedy , in that situations were exaggerated and were generally played for laughs . This increased as the seasons progressed , with the addition of ever greater absurdity . The characters , however , always took the absurd situations extremely seriously -- which added to the comedy . Both Main Characters had the Main Initial between names , B Batman , Bruce . R Robin , Richard ( Dick ) . The series focused on the adventures of Batman and Robin . Although the lives of their alter - egos , millionaire Bruce Wayne and his ward Dick Grayson ( Richard John Grayson ) were frequently shown , it was usually only briefly , in the context of their being called away on superhero business , or in circumstances where they needed to employ their secret identities to assist in their crime - fighting . The `` Dynamic Duo '' typically come to the aid of the Gotham City Police upon the latter being stumped by a supervillain . Throughout each episode , Batman and Robin have to follow a series of ( wildly improbable ) clues to discover the supervillain 's plan , then figure out how to thwart that plan and capture the criminal . For the first two seasons , Batman aired twice a week on consecutive nights . Every story is a two - parter , except for two three - parters featuring villainous team ups ( The Joker and The Penguin , The Penguin and Marsha , Queen of Diamonds ) in the second season . The titles of each multi-part story usually rhymed . For the third season , which aired one episode a week , most episodes were self - contained stories . However , each episode would end with a teaser featuring the next episode 's guest villain . The cliffhangers between multiple - parters typically consisted of the supervillain holding someone captive , usually the Dynamic Duo , with the captives being subject to some elaborate , gruesome -- if unlikely -- death . This would inevitably be resolved early in the follow - up episode . Typical episode format and elements ( edit ) Each story relied on using the same formula , so that the audience quickly came to expect a series of familiar set pieces : a phone call from the police asking for Batman 's help , a dash to the Batcave , a race in the Batmobile to police headquarters , a conference in the Commissioner 's office , investigating the scene of the crime , examining clues in the crime - lab at the Batcave , rushing to the villain 's secret hideout , falling into the pre-arranged trap . By relying heavily on a formula , it became easy to spoof various elements of that formula . Teaser and exposition ( edit ) The typical story begins with a villain 's caper ( such as stealing a fabulous treasure , kidnapping a prominent person , or attempting to take over Gotham City ) . In his office , Commissioner Gordon , along with Chief O'Hara , learn of the crime and the culprit . Helpless to stop the villain , they contact Batman via the Batphone -- a bright red telephone that provides a direct phone link to Batman ( be it at Wayne Manor , the Batcave or the Batmobile ) . At `` stately Wayne Manor '' , Alfred ( Wayne 's butler ) answers the Batphone and informs Bruce Wayne of the call . Frequently , Wayne and his ward , Dick Grayson , are found talking with Dick 's aunt , Harriet Cooper , who is unaware of Bruce and Dick 's secret identities . Alfred discreetly interrupts and they excuse themselves to go to the Batphone in Wayne 's study . Upon learning the details from Gordon , Wayne turns a switch concealed within a bust of Shakespeare that stands on his desk to reveal two fireman 's poles hidden behind a sliding bookcase . `` To the Batpoles ! '' Wayne exclaims , and he and Grayson slide down the poles that lead to the Batcave . The title sequence features animated versions of Batman and Robin , drawn in the then - current style of the comic books , running towards camera and then fighting an assortment of villains , including several `` marquee '' villains such as the Joker and the Penguin . Series stars Burt Ward ( left ) and Adam West ( right ) , as Dick Grayson / Robin and Bruce Wayne / Batman , respectively . Similar in style and content to the 1940s serials , Batman and Robin would arrive at the bottom of the Batpoles in the Batcave in full costume ( reference is made later in the series to some sort of costuming device that functions on the way down the poles ) . They then jump into the Batmobile . Robin checks the gauges and reports , `` Atomic batteries to power ... turbines to speed . '' Batman responds , `` Roger , ready to move out . '' With that , the two would drive out of the cave at high speed . As the Batmobile approached the mouth of the cave ( actually a tunnel entrance in Los Angeles 's Bronson Canyon ) , a camouflaged door would swing open and a hinged road barrier outside the Batcave would drop down to allow the car to exit onto the road . The duo then speeds to police headquarters to meet with Gordon and be briefed on the criminal they must thwart . Most of the footage following the opening title sequence from Batman and Robin sliding down the Batpoles through their arrival at police headquarters was reused in each episode . After the National Safety Council complained that Batman and Robin should set a good example , the repeated sequence was changed to show them fastening seat belts before starting out . Investigation ( edit ) The initial discussion of the crime usually leads to Batman and Robin conducting their investigation alone , although the police are often used for assistance and to implement plans or traps that Batman devises to catch the villain . Typically Batman and Robin must use deduction from the clues left by the villain to determine elements such as the villain 's identity , plan , target , and / or location . This usually results in a meeting with the villain , a fistfight with the villain 's henchmen , and the villain 's escape , leaving a further series of unlikely clues for the duo to investigate . Later , they would face the villain 's henchmen again , be captured and one or both heroes placed in a deathtrap leading to a cliffhanger ending , which was usually resolved in the first few minutes of the next episode . After the cliffhanger ( edit ) The latter part ( s ) of multi-episode stories begins with a brief recap of the first part ( s ) . After the opening credits and the theme music , the cliffhanger is resolved . The same general plot pattern of investigation and confrontation repeats in the following episode until the villain is defeated in a major brawl . Other recurring elements ( edit ) The series used a narrator ( executive producer William Dozier , uncredited ) who parodied both the breathless narration style of the 1940s serials and Walter Winchell 's bombastic narration of The Untouchables . He would end many of the cliffhanger episodes by intoning , `` Tune in tomorrow -- same Bat - time , same Bat - channel ! '' In the episodes following cliffhangers , recaps of the previous episode consisted of a series of short phrases from Dozier accompanying short , silent clips of the prior episode , which usually ending in a freeze - frame . In the third season , when single - episode stories were introduced , the narrator would end the show by encouraging viewers to tune in the following week . During the climactic fistfights in each episode , the punches and other impacts were punctuated by onomatopoeia ( sound effects ) superimposed in bright colors over the action on the screen , as in comic - book fight scenes ( `` POW ! '' , `` BAM ! '' , `` ZONK ! '' , etc . ) . As a money saving device , after the first season , instead of being superimposed over the fight scene , the sound effects were merely printed on cards and inserted into the action . Despite the regular fighting on the show , Batman and Robin typically use non-lethal force ; only three criminal characters die during the series : the Riddler 's moll Molly ( played by Jill St. John in the pilot episode ) , who accidentally falls into the Batcave 's atomic reactor , and two out - of - town gunmen who shoot at Batman and Robin , but kill each other instead , toward the end of `` Zelda The Great / A Death Worse Than Fate '' . In the film , six criminals die in total : Five henchmen are dehydrated by the Penguin in order to infiltrate the Batcave , but this plan fails when the henchmen unexpectedly disappear into antimatter once struck . A sixth henchman is presumably killed when he is caught in a trap meant for Batman and sprung into an exploding octopus . Twice , the Catwoman ( Julie Newmar ) appears to fall to her death ( into a bottomless pit and from a high building into a river ) , but returned in later episodes . In `` Instant Freeze '' , Mr. Freeze freezes a butler solid and knocks him over , and sound - effects suggest that he is shattered into pieces . A later reference suggests the butler survived . In `` Green Ice '' , Mr. Freeze freezes a policeman solid ; it is left unclear whether he survived . In `` The Penguin 's Nest '' , a policeman suffers an electric shock at the hands of the Penguin 's accomplices , but he is presumed to survive , as he appears in some later episodes . A catch - phrase popularized by the series was Robin 's saying `` Holy ( subject ) , Batman ! '' whenever he encountered something startling . This phrase was parodied in the 1995 film Batman Forever . In many episodes , Batman and Robin must get to a high point of a building or other structure . They do this via the Batrope which is thrown and anchored above the high point , and which Batman and Robin climb by walking up the side of the structure with the aid of the rope . The climbing sequences were filmed by rotating the camera 90 degrees and building a set for the `` side '' of the structure along the studio floor . The heroes ' capes were pulled back ( to replicate the pull of gravity ) with invisible lines . In many episodes , celebrities made cameo appearances by popping their heads out of windows along these climbs to speak to the heroes . In one episode , the Catwoman 's hideout is a hair salon owned by a `` Mr. Oceanbring . '' The real - life inspiration for the character , hair stylist ( and future Manson family victim ) Jay Sebring , appears uncredited during the fight scene and has a couple of spoken lines . The villains commonly have henchmen whose names are somehow associated with the villain 's identity ; for example , Catwoman 's henchmen have cat - related names like Felix and Leo . Characters commonly use alliterations . Examples include Batman referring to the Joker as a `` hateful harlequin '' and the Penguin calling Catwoman a `` feline floozy '' . Only two of the show 's guest villains ever discovered Batman 's true identity : Egghead by deductive reasoning , and King Tut on two occasions -- the first time with a bug placed on the Batmobile and the second time by accidentally mining into the Batcave . Egghead was tricked into disbelieving his discovery , though , as was Tut in the episode when he bugged the Batmobile . In the episode when Tut tunneled into the Batcave , he was hit on the head by a rock , which made him forget his discovery and jarred him back into his identity as a mild - mannered professor of Egyptology at Yale University . While under the spell of the Siren ( Joan Collins ) , Commissioner Gordon found the Batcave beneath Wayne Manor and deduced Batman 's true identity , but Alfred gassed him to prevent his informing her , the memory of the discovery gone after leaving the Siren 's spell . The show 's campiness was played up in elements , including the design of the villains , dialogue and in signs appearing on various props . Batman would frequently reveal one of his many crime - fighting gadgets , which were usually given a ridiculous - sounding name that somehow incorporated the word `` bat '' -- often simply by adding the word `` bat '' to an otherwise normal descriptor , such as Shark Repellant Bat - Spray , Bat - Computer , Extra-Strong Bat - Knockout Gas , etc . Most of Batman 's items in the Batcave , bat - vehicles and on the utility belt were given superfluous and simplistic block - letter labels , even though Batman , Robin and Alfred , the only people who used the equipment , clearly knew what all of it was . Cast ( edit ) See also : List of Batman television series characters Regular cast ( edit ) Adam West as Bruce Wayne / Batman : A millionaire whose parents were murdered by criminals , he now secretly uses his vast fortune to fight crime as Batman . Producer William Dozier cast Adam West in the role after seeing him perform as the James Bond - like spy Captain Q in a Nestlé Quik television ad . Lyle Waggoner had screen - tested for the role , though West ultimately won out because , it was said , he was the only person who could deliver the hilarious lines with a straight face . West later voiced an animated version of the title character on The New Adventures of Batman and well as Super Friends : The Legendary Super Powers Show and The Super Powers Team : Galactic Guardians . Burt Ward as Dick Grayson / Robin : Batman 's faithful ( if overly eager ) partner and `` Boy Wonder '' , a high school student noted for his recurring interjections in the form of `` Holy ________ , Batman ! '' ( The series avoided referencing Robin 's origins as Bruce Wayne 's fellow `` crime orphan '' , as whose legal guardian the courts appoint Bruce . ) Ward voiced an animated version of this character on The New Adventures of Batman . Alan Napier as Alfred Pennyworth : Batman 's loyal butler and Batgirl 's discreet confidant . He is the only person who knows the true identities of Bruce Wayne , Dick Grayson and Barbara Gordon . Neil Hamilton as Commissioner James Gordon : The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department and one of Batman 's two major police contacts . He summons the Dynamic Duo via the Batphone or the Bat Signal . Stafford Repp as Chief Miles O'Hara : Gotham City 's Chief of Police , and Batman 's other major police contact . The character was created by Semple for the series , as someone for Gordon to talk to , and later briefly added to the comics . Madge Blake as Aunt Harriet Cooper : Dick Grayson 's maternal aunt . She first appeared in the comics , two years before the series premiered , to give Bruce and Dick a reason to be secretive about their dual identities . Yvonne Craig as Barbara Gordon / Batgirl : Commissioner Gordon 's daughter , Gotham City librarian and crime fighting partner for Batman and Robin for the third season . Occasionally this threesome was nicknamed the `` Terrific Trio '' . William Dozier -- Executive producer , creator , and narrator ( uncredited ) . According to Adam West 's memoir , Back to the Batcave , his first exposure to the series concept was through reading a sample script in which Batman enters a nightclub in his complete costume and requests a booth near the wall , as he `` should n't wish to attract attention '' . It was the scrupulously formal dialogue , and the way that Batman earnestly believed he could avoid standing out while wearing a skintight blue - and - grey costume , that convinced West of the character 's comic potential . With the death of Adam West on June 9 , 2017 , Burt Ward is now the sole surviving main Batman cast member . Recurring villains ( edit ) Frequent `` special guest villains '' ( clockwise from left ) Burgess Meredith as the Penguin , Cesar Romero as the Joker , and Frank Gorshin as the Riddler List of Batman television series characters Cesar Romero as the Joker ... A green haired , purple suited clown with a maniacal laugh who leaves behind jokes as clues to his next crime . Burgess Meredith as the Penguin ... A waddling , cackling , chain smoking , umbrella - wielding menace in a top hat and monocle . The Riddler played by : Frank Gorshin ( seasons 1 & 3 and the movie ) John Astin ( season 2 ) ... A giggling fiend whose costume alternates between green tights or a green derby and suit , both accented with question marks . He taunts Gotham City and the Caped Crusader with riddles . The Catwoman played by : Julie Newmar ( seasons 1 and 2 ) Eartha Kitt ( season 3 ) Lee Meriwether ( movie ) ... A purring feline seductress in a tight black bodysuit with designs on Gotham City 's riches and Batman himself . Victor Buono as Professor William McElroy / King Tut ... An Egyptologist with a split personality , who divides his time between being a university professor and a reincarnated version of the centuries old pharaoh . Mr. Freeze , AKA Dr. Shrivel played by : George Sanders ( season 1 ) Otto Preminger ( season 2 ) Eli Wallach ( season 2 ) ... A cool , cruel crook who must dwell in an environment 50 degrees below zero . His weapon of choice is a freeze ray gun . David Wayne as Jervis Tetch / Mad Hatter ... A formally dressed baddie with a weakness for collecting hats . Vincent Price as Egghead ... A smug , bald headed genius whose crimes and speech patterns always involve eggs . ( `` Egg - zactly . '' ) Carolyn Jones as Marsha , Queen of Diamonds ... A stunning , jewel - bedecked enchantress with very expensive tastes . Cliff Robertson as Shame ... A none too bright cowpoke whose partners at various times include Okie Annie and Calamity Jan . Anne Baxter as Olga , Queen of the Cossacks ... A Russian - accented redhead in cahoots with Egghead . Milton Berle as Louie the Lilac ... A stogie puffing gangster with an unhealthy attraction for flowers . Production ( edit ) A photo of Adam West as Batman from the television series . Origin ( edit ) In the early 1960s , Ed Graham Productions optioned the television rights to the comic strip Batman and planned a straightforward juvenile adventure show , much like Adventures of Superman and The Lone Ranger , to air on CBS on Saturday mornings . East Coast ABC executive Yale Udoff , a Batman fan in his childhood , contacted ABC executives Harve Bennett and Edgar J. Scherick , who were already considering developing a television series based on a comic - strip action hero , to suggest a prime - time Batman series in the hip and fun style of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. When negotiations between CBS and Graham stalled , DC Comics quickly reobtained rights and made the deal with ABC , which farmed the rights out to 20th Century Fox to produce the series . In turn , 20th Century Fox handed the project to William Dozier and his production company , Greenway Productions . ABC and Fox were expecting a hip and fun -- yet still serious -- adventure show . However , Dozier , who had never before read comic books , concluded , after reading several Batman comics for research , that the only way to make the show work was to do it as a pop - art campy comedy . Originally , espionage novelist Eric Ambler was to have scripted a TV movie that would launch the television series , but he dropped out after learning of Dozier 's campy comedy approach . Eventually , two sets of screen tests were filmed , one with Adam West and Burt Ward and the other with Lyle Waggoner and Peter Deyell , with West and Ward winning the roles . Season 1 ( edit ) Lorenzo Semple , Jr. had signed on as head script writer . He wrote the pilot script , and generally wrote in a pop - art adventure style . Stanley Ralph Ross , Stanford Sherman , and Charles Hoffman were script writers who generally leaned more toward campy comedy , and in Ross 's case , sometimes outright slapstick and satire . It was originally intended as a one - hour show , but ABC pushed up the premiere date from fall 1966 to January of that year . With the network having only two early - evening half - hour time slots available , the show was split into two parts , to air twice a week in 30 - minute installments . A cliffhanger connected the two episodes , echoing the old movie serials . The Joker , the Penguin , the Riddler , Catwoman , Mr. Freeze , and the Mad Hatter , villains who originated in the comic books , all appeared in the series , the plots for which were deliberately villain driven . According to the producers , Frank Gorshin was selected to portray the Riddler due to the fact that he was a Batman fan since childhood . Catwoman was portrayed by three different actresses during the series run : by Julie Newmar in the first two seasons , by Lee Meriwether in the feature film based on the series , and by Eartha Kitt in the third and final season . Season 2 ( edit ) Semple 's participation in the series decreased in the second season . In his autobiography Back to the Batcave , Adam West explained to Jeff Rovin , to whom he dictated the autobiography after rejecting an offer to contribute to The Official `` Batman '' Batbook , written by Joel Eisner , that when work on the second season commenced following the completion of the feature film , Dozier , his immediate deputy Howie Horwitz , and the rest of the cast and crew rushed their preparation . Thus , they failed to give themselves enough time to determine what they wanted to do with the series during season two . Season 3 ( edit ) Yvonne Craig was added to the cast for season three in 1967 , portraying Barbara Gordon / Batgirl . By season three , ratings were falling and the future of the series seemed uncertain . To attract new viewers , Dozier opted to introduce a female character . He came up with the idea of using Batgirl , who in her civilian identity would be Commissioner Gordon 's daughter , Barbara , and asked the editor of the Batman comics to further develop the character ( who had made her debut in a 1966 issue of Detective Comics ) . To convince ABC executives to introduce Batgirl as a regular on the show , a promotional short featuring Yvonne Craig as Batgirl and Tim Herbert as Killer Moth was produced . The show was reduced to once a week , with mostly self - contained episodes , although the following week 's villain would be introduced in a tag at the end of each episode , similar to a soap opera . Accordingly , the narrator 's cliffhanger phrases were mostly eliminated , most episodes ending with him encouraging viewers to watch next week . Aunt Harriet was reduced to just two cameo appearances during the third season , due to Madge Blake 's poor health and the issue of trying to fit so many characters ( Batman , Robin , Batgirl , Alfred , Commissioner Gordon , Chief O'Hara and a guest villain ) into a half hour episode . Another cast change for the final season was replacing Julie Newmar , who had been a popular recurring guest villain as the Catwoman for the first two seasons . Singer - actress Eartha Kitt assumed the role for season three , as Newmar was working on the film Mackenna 's Gold at that time , hence she was unable to appear . In the United States , Kitt 's performance in the series marked the second mainstream television success of a black female , following Nichelle Nichols as Lt. Uhura in Star Trek and continued breaking the racial boundaries of the time . Kitt 's performance as Catwoman would also , later , inspire Halle Berry 's portrayal of the character in the 2004 film Catwoman , in which Berry would mimic Kitt 's famous purrs . Frank Gorshin , the original actor to play the Riddler , returned for a single appearance after a one - season hiatus , during which John Astin made one appearance in the role . The nature of the scripts and acting started to enter into the realm of surrealism . For example , the set 's backgrounds became mere two - dimensional cut - outs against a stark black stage . In addition , the third season was much more topical , with references to hippies , mods , and distinctive 1960s slang , which the previous two seasons had avoided . Cancellation ( edit ) Near the end of the third season , ratings had dropped significantly , and ABC cancelled the show . But NBC had agreed to take over the series and was ready to continue . Before that could happen , it was discovered that someone had destroyed the Batman sets which cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to build , and the deal with NBC was lost . Reruns of the series have been seen on a regular basis in the United States . They are currently shown on the classic TV networks Heroes & Icons on Saturday mornings , MeTV on Saturday nights , weekdays dubbed in Spanish on TeleXitos , as well as Saturday mornings on IFC . Tie - in music ( edit ) Several cast members recorded music tied into the series . Adam West released a single titled `` Miranda '' , a country - tinged pop song that he actually performed in costume during live appearances in the 1960s . Frank Gorshin released a song titled `` The Riddler '' , which was composed and arranged by Mel Tormé . Burgess Meredith recorded a spoken - word single called `` The Escape '' backed with `` The Capture '' , which consisted of the Penguin narrating his recent crime spree to a jazz beat . Burt Ward recorded a song called `` Boy Wonder , I Love You '' , written and arranged by Frank Zappa . In 1966 , Batman : The Exclusive Original Soundtrack Album was released on LP , featuring music by Nelson Riddle and snippets of dialogue from Adam West , Burt Ward , Burgess Meredith , Frank Gorshin , Anne Baxter ( as Zelda the Great ) and George Sanders ( the first Mr. Freeze ) . The Batman Theme was included , along with titles like Batusi A Go ! Go ! , Batman Thaws Mr. Freeze and Batman Blues . It was reissued later on compact disc . Episodes ( edit ) Main article : List of Batman ( TV series ) episodes Adaptations ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The show featured numerous adaptations of various Batman comics stories -- particularly in its first season . These first - season episodes were adaptations : The episodes `` Hi Diddle Riddle '' and `` Smack in the Middle '' were adaptations of `` Remarkable Ruse of the Riddler '' from Batman # 171 ( May 1965 ) , written by Gardner Fox ; in it , the Riddler , jealous of the attention Batman is giving the Mole Hill Mob , arranges a trap so Batman will apprehend the gang and give the Riddler the Caped Crusader 's undivided attention . The episodes `` Fine Feathered Finks '' and `` The Penguin 's a Jinx '' are based on `` Partners in Plunder ! '' from Batman # 169 ( February 1965 ) , written by France Eddie Herron ; the only difference is the Penguin steals the jeweled meteorite ( which was mentioned in the comic ) , instead of kidnapping Dawn Robbins ( who did not appear in the comic ) . Many events of the episodes `` The Joker Is Wild '' and `` Batman Is Riled '' are based on the silver age comic book story `` The Joker 's Utility Belt '' from Batman # 73 ( October 1952 ) by David Vern Reed . The episodes `` Instant Freeze '' and `` Rats Like Cheese '' were inspired by `` The Ice Crimes of Mr. Zero '' from Batman # 121 ( February 1959 ) by Dave Wood and Sheldon Moldoff . The episodes `` Zelda The Great '' and `` A Death Worse Than Fate '' are based on `` Batman 's Inescapable Doom - Trap ! '' from Detective Comics # 346 ( December 1965 ) by John Broome . Although the evil character Eivol Ekdol appeared in the story , Zelda did not ; instead , the magician was a man named Carnado . The episodes `` The Thirteenth Hat '' and `` Batman Stands Pat '' borrow several elements from several comic book stories such as `` The Mad Hatter of Gotham City '' by Bill Finger and Sheldon Moldoff , from Detective Comics # 230 ( April 1956 ) , and `` The New Crimes of the Mad Hatter '' by Dave Wood and Sheldon Moldoff from Batman # 161 ( February 1964 ) . Also the Mad Hatter 's plan of impersonating the sculptor working on a Batman statue for the city ( for which Batman himself is , of course , posing ) in an attempt to steal Batman 's cowl comes from the Batman # 49 story `` The Scoop of the Century ! '' ( October 1948 ) by Bill Finger . The episodes `` The Penguin Goes Straight '' and `` Not Yet , He Ai n't '' have a plot point of the Penguin framing Batman for a theft actually comes from Detective Comics # 58 ( December 1941 ) by Bill Finger , which is ironic as it was to be the issue in which the Penguin first appeared . The episodes `` The Joker Trumps an Ace '' and `` Batman Sets the Pace '' have several plot points similar to the comic story `` A Hairpin , a Hoe , a Hacksaw , a Hole In the Ground ! '' by Bill Finger , from Batman # 53 ( June 1949 ) . The episodes `` Death in Slow Motion '' and `` The Riddler 's False Notion '' used a few elements from `` The Joker 's Comedy Capers '' by Gardner Fox , from Detective # 341 ( July 1965 ) , only replacing the main villain of the Joker with the Riddler . Crossover with the Green Hornet TV series ( edit ) Main article : The Green Hornet ( TV series ) The Green Hornet and Kato on Batman ( edit ) Van Williams and Bruce Lee made a cameo appearance as the Green Hornet and Kato in `` window cameos '' while the Batman and Robin were climbing a building . This was in part one of a two - part second - season episode of the Batman TV series , `` The Spell of Tut '' , which aired on September 28 , 1966 . Later that same season , the Green Hornet and Kato appeared in the two - part second - season episodes A Piece of the Action and Batman 's Satisfaction , which aired on March 1 -- 2 , 1967 . In the two episodes , the Green Hornet and Kato are in Gotham City to bust a counterfeit stamp ring run by Colonel Gumm ( portrayed by Roger C. Carmel ) . The Batman 's Satisfaction episode leads to a mixed fight , with both Batman & Robin and The Green Hornet & Kato fighting Colonel Gumm and his gang . Once Gumm 's crew was defeated , Batman and Robin squared off against The Green Hornet and Kato , resulting in a stand - off that was interrupted by the police . In this episode , Batman , Robin and the police consider the Green Hornet and Kato to be criminals , although Batman and Robin were cordial to the duo in the earlier window appearance . There is also a mention of The Green Hornet TV series on the Batman TV series episode The Impractical Joker ( episode 55 , Part 1 , aired November 16 , 1966 ) : while watching TV together , Alfred , Dick Grayson and Bruce Wayne ( who says , `` It 's time to watch The Green Hornet '' , and you hear the Hornet buzzing sound ) are interrupted by the Joker ; then , after the interruption , The Green Hornet TV series theme music is heard . Batman and Robin on the Green Hornet ( edit ) In the December 9 , 1966 Green Hornet episode `` The Secret Of The Sally Bell '' , the Batmobile can be seen revolving on its turntable floor in the batcave on a bad guy 's TV set . In the February 3 , 1967 Green Hornet episode `` Ace in the Hole '' ( which aired between the September 1966 and March 1967 Batman appearances mentioned above ) , Batman and Robin can be seen climbing a building on a television set . There was one other Green Hornet & Kato appearance that was not on the Batman TV series nor on The Green Hornet TV series : a segment of the Milton Berle Show / The Hollywood Palace aired in the Fall of 1966 brought together The Green Hornet and Kato ( Van Williams and Bruce Lee ) , and Batman ( Adam West ) , in a comedy sketch with Milton Berle , in which Bruce Lee demonstrates his martial arts expertise . Burt Ward as `` Robin '' was not included in this appearance . Reception ( edit ) The live action television show was extraordinarily popular , called `` the biggest TV phenomenon of the mid-1960s '' . At the height of its popularity , it was the only prime - time television show other than Peyton Place to be broadcast twice in one week as part of its regular schedule , airing at 7 : 30 pm Wednesdays and Thursdays . Episodes of the show were filmed as two - part cliffhangers , with each storyline beginning on Wednesday and ending on the Thursday episode . ( In the second season , a pair of three - parters was also seen ; at the very end of the Thursday night segment , a brief tag featuring the next week 's villain would be shown , such as , `` Next week : Batman jousts with The Joker again ! '' This started on the third week of the series ' run and continued until the end of season two . The first episode of a storyline would typically end with Batman and Robin being in a deathtrap , while the narrator ( Dozier ) would tell viewers to watch the next night with the repeated phrase : `` Tune in tomorrow -- same Bat - time , same Bat - channel ! '' Even decades after the show ceased production , this catch - phrase remains a long - running punchline in popular culture . The `` Captain Crocodile '' episode of the TV series The Monkees featured a parody segment devoted to `` Frogman '' and `` Reuben the Tadpole '' ( played , respectively , by Peter Tork and Davy Jones ) combating the criminal forces of Michael Nesmith and Micky Dolenz . Television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Batman as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time in their 2016 book titled TV ( The Book ) , stating that `` West 's performance , the brilliance of which has required decades to be properly recognized , played as if series creator William Dozier and chief developer Lorenzo Semple , Jr. , had taken the establishment 's fantasy of itself and dolled it up in tights and a cape ... The anarchic gangs of supervillains and henchmen that kept trying to capture or destroy Gotham City stood in for the forces of chaos that kept threatening to engulf so - called civilized America throughout the sixties , only made colorfully grotesque and knowingly silly . '' In 1997 , TV Guide ranked the episodes `` The Purr - fect Crime '' and `` Better Luck Next Time '' # 86 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes . In 2009 , `` Better Luck Next Time '' was ranked # 72 . Public service announcements ( edit ) The Batman character appeared in two public service announcements . U.S. Savings bonds ( edit ) In 1966 , West , as Batman , encouraged schoolchildren to heed then - President Lyndon B. Johnson 's call for them to buy U.S. Savings stamps , a children 's version of U.S. Savings bonds , to support the Vietnam War . U.S. Department of Labor ( edit ) In a 1974 PSA for the U.S. Department of Labor Wage & Hour Division narrated by William Dozier , Batman and Robin were tied to a post amid the threat of a ticking time bomb , but Batgirl ( Yvonne Craig ) refused to release them because she was paid less than Robin ( Burt Ward ) , in violation of the Federal Equal Pay Law . Dick Gautier played Batman this time , because West was , at the time , trying to distance himself from the role . Reunions ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In 1977 , Adam West and Burt Ward returned as voice actors for the second Filmation - produced animated series , The New Adventures of Batman . In 1979 , West , Ward , and Frank Gorshin reunited and reprised their respective roles on NBC for Hanna - Barbera 's two Legends of the Superheroes television specials . In the 1980s , several cast members teamed up for a series of celebrity editions of Family Feud . The participants were Adam West , Burt Ward , Yvonne Craig , Lee Meriwether , and Vincent Price . In 1984 West would once again reprise his role as Batman in animated form when he succeeded Olan Soule in the final two seasons of Super Friends . In 2003 , West and Ward reunited for a tongue - in - cheek television movie titled Return to the Batcave : The Misadventures of Adam and Burt which combined dramatized recreations of the filming of the original series ( with younger actors standing in for the stars ) , with modern footage of West and Ward searching for a stolen Batmobile . The film included cameo appearances by Newmar , Gorshin , and Lee Meriwether , as well as Lyle Waggoner , who had been an early candidate for the role of Batman . Yvonne Craig did not appear in the movie -- she reportedly disliked the script . The movie was released on DVD in May 2005 . Legacy ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The series ' stars , Adam West and Burt Ward , were typecast for decades afterwards , with West especially finding himself unable to escape the reputation of a hammy , camp actor . However , years after the series ' impact faded , an episode of Batman : The Animated Series paid tribute to West with an episode titled `` Beware The Gray Ghost '' . In this episode , West himself provided the voice of an aging star of a superhero television series Bruce Wayne had watched as a child and from which he later found inspiration . This gave West new popularity with the next generation of fans . He also played Gotham City 's Mayor Grange as a somewhat recurring role in The Batman . In addition , West played the voice of Thomas Wayne , Bruce Wayne 's father in the episode `` Chill of the Night '' from the series Batman : The Brave and the Bold . Batmobile ( edit ) The 1966 television Batmobile , built by George Barris from a Lincoln Futura concept car The original Batmobile from the 1960s TV series was auctioned on January 19 , 2013 , at the Barrett - Jackson auction house in Scottsdale , Arizona . It was sold for $4.2 million . References in popular culture ( edit ) References in animation ( edit ) Referenced in Batman : the Brave and the Bold ( edit ) The animated television series Batman : The Brave and the Bold is influenced by the 1960s television series . The opening credits feature Batman rope - climbing up a building , something that Adam West and Burt Ward often did in the show . Several villains from the 1960s show including King Tut , Egghead , Mad Hatter , Archer , Bookworm , False Face , Black Widow , Siren , Marsha Queen of Diamonds , Louie the Lilac , Ma Parker , and Shame make cameo appearances as prisoners at Iron Heights prison in the episode `` Day of the Dark Knight ! '' They are all captured by Batman and Green Arrow during a mass escape attempt . In Mayhem of the Music Meister ! the same villains have brief cameos . The episode `` Game Over for Owlman ! '' shows a room in the Batcave containing `` souvenirs '' of deathtraps that the Joker employed in the 1960s series , with accompanying flashbacks : the giant key from the `` Human Key Duplicator '' from `` The Impractical Joker '' , the slot machine - controlled electric chair from `` The Joker Goes to School '' , and the giant clam from `` The Joker 's Hard Times '' . The episode `` The Color of Revenge ! '' begins with a flashback to the time of the 1960s television series , using attributes such as the red Batphone , the Shakespeare bust , the sliding bookcase , the Batpoles , Robin in his old television - series costume , and the shot of Batman and Robin fastening their seat belts in the Batmobile . Additionally , the Adam West Batman briefly appears in `` Night of the Batmen ! '' as part of an army of Batmen gathered across the Multiverse . Referenced in Young Justice ( edit ) The Young Justice episode `` Schooled '' briefly references the show , as well , by featuring a Shakespeare bust in Bruce 's office at the Waynetech building in Metropolis . As a further homage to the series , Bruce is shown accessing an emergency Batsuit hidden in his desk by flipping a switch concealed within the bust . Referenced in Robot Chicken ( edit ) Adam West and Burt Ward lend their voices and likeness to the third DC Comics Special on Robot Chicken . In the plot , when Batman brings over a Superman from another dimension to make him jealous , Superman retaliates by bringing the Adam West Batman , who trumps the Robot Chicken Batman by addressing the glucose issue of muffins and dancing . He is later seen battling the Arkham versions of Batman 's villains and is killed by Penguin 's anthrax gas . Burt Ward kidnaps him as well as the Robot Chicken Robin and takes them to the Lazarus Pit , where he resurrects West 's Batman and makes himself younger to relive the glory days . He only kidnapped Robot Chicken Robin so he could have his outfit . References in live action ( edit ) Referenced in Batman Forever ( edit ) A line spoken by Robin ( Chris O'Donnell ) in Batman Forever is a homage to the television Robin 's catch - phrase exclamations that started `` Holy '' and sometimes ended `` Batman ! '' - for instance `` Holy bargain basements , Batman ! '' ( from the television series ' first season ) and `` Holy flypaper , Batman ! '' ( from the television series ' second season ) . During the movie , Robin says `` Holy rusted metal , Batman ! '' after the duo climbs onto twisted metal girders beside some water . This catchphrase also appeared for a time in Batman comic books . Referenced in Birds of Prey ( edit ) In the third episode of Birds of Prey `` Prey for the Hunter '' , the famous William Shakespeare bust from the series has a cameo . However , instead of bending the neck back to expose the button , it is simply turned to the left , giving it the same function -- exposing a hidden passageway . Referenced in animal house ( edit ) In the film , a damaged car belonging to Flounder 's older brother ( which was earlier reported stolen ) was re-purposed for the climactic scene by Bluto and D - Day . The car initially appears as a parade float depicting a layer cake , with the words ' Eat Me ' on the front ; when the float is cut away , it reveals the car repainted in black and red , in a style similar to the Batmobile of the television series , but also incorporating a black armored turret with the word ' DEATHMOBILE ' on it in red . This would technically be anachronistic , as the film is set in 1962 , but given the parodic nature of the film this is generally ignored . References in video games ( edit ) Referenced in Batman : Arkham ( edit ) In the Batman : Arkham Origins video game , exclusive DLC for the PlayStation 3 includes a Batman skin based on the Batman TV series . In Batman : Arkham Knight , the stone bust containing a hidden button used in the TV series as the secret entrance lever to the Batcave appears as one of the game 's Easter eggs . The stone bust concealing a button can be seen and interacted with in the Clock Tower and Wayne Office areas of the game . The Batman skin is also featured as DLC in with the 1960s series Robin and Catwoman skins , as well as the Batmobile . Rather than having a massive grin as in the comics the Joker in the Arkham games has a painted on smile to make his already unnaturally large smile even larger . The painted on smile and the general look of it massively resembles Cesar Romero 's Joker , who also had a painted on smile along with the red lips . Referenced in Lego Batman 3 : Beyond Gotham ( edit ) In Lego Batman 3 : Beyond Gotham , an extra level is based on the 1966 Batman TV series , along with characters including : 1966 Batman , 1966 Robin ; 1966 Batgirl , 1966 Joker , 1966 Catwoman , 1966 Riddler , and 1966 Penguin . Also , Adam West is a playable character . The 1966 Batmobile is also included as a drivable vehicle . The end credits sequence remakes the Batclimb window cameos . Spin - offs & sequels ( edit ) Batman ( 1966 film ) ( edit ) Main article : Batman ( 1966 film ) A film based on the television show , Batman , was released in 1966 . The film was originally intended to be produced before the series as a way to introduce the series to the public . However , the series ' premiere was moved up and the film was forced to wait until the summer hiatus after the first season . The film was produced quickly to get into theatres prior to the start of season two of the television series . The film did not initially perform well at the cinema . Originally , the movie had been conceived to help sell the television series abroad , but the success of the series in America was sufficient publicity . The film was shot after season one was filmed . The movie 's budget allowed for producers to build the Batboat and lease a helicopter that would be made into the Batcopter , both of which were used in the second and third seasons of the television show . Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders ( edit ) Main article : Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders West and Ward announced at the Mad Monster Party that one or two Batman animated movies would be released in 2016 with the two doing voiced roles as their characters for the show 's 50th anniversary along with Julie Newmar returning . The trailer for Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders made its debut on August 17 , 2016 . The film was released on Digital HD and Digital Media on October 11 , 2016 and on DVD and Blu - ray November 1 , 2016 . Batman vs. two - Face ( edit ) Main article : Batman vs. Two - Face A sequel to Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders called Batman vs. Two - Face will be released in late 2017 . The film will star William Shatner voicing Two - Face as the main antagonist . Adam West died before it was released , however he did complete his voiceover work before his passing . This was one of Adam West 's final roles before he passed away from leukemia . The Batman ' 66 comic ( edit ) Main article : Batman ' 66 In 2013 , DC began publication of Batman ' 66 , a comic book series telling all - new stories set in the world of the 1966 -- 68 TV series . Jeff Parker writes the series , which features cover art by Mike Allred and interior art by different artists each issue . In the course of this series , the Bookworm , the Minstrel , Sandman , Olga Queen of the Cossacks , Zelda The Great , Shame , and Marsha Queen of Diamonds all have their first appearance in Batman comics . Penguin , Joker , Riddler , Catwoman and Mr. Freeze also appear in the series . Issue # 3 of Batman ' 66 introduced the Red Hood and Dr. Quinn into the series continuity . In issue # 7 , Batman used a new vehicle , the Bat - Jet , to follow False - Face to Mount Rushmore . The series was to have introduced Killer Croc into the continuity , as well as a new villainess named Cleopatra . In April 2014 , the first five issues were compiled into the Batman ' 66 Vol. 1 trade paperback . Kevin Smith and Ralph Garman likewise worked on a Batman and Green Hornet crossover , titled Batman ' 66 meets The Green Hornet . The six - issue mini-series began publication in June 2014 . Jeff Parker wrote a Batman and The Man from U.N.C.L.E. team - up titled Batman ' 66 meets The Man from U.N.C.L.E. released in 2016 . Ian Edginton wrote a Batman team up with John Steed and Emma Peel of The Avengers titled Batman ' 66 / Steed and Mrs. Peel . Batman teams up with Wonder Woman in the crossover team up `` Batman ' 66 Meets Wonder Woman ' 77 writing by both Parker and Marc Andreyko . Whether Batman ' 66 is represented in one of the current New 52 DC Multiverse alternative Earths is uncertain . Thus far , this has not been the case , although several such alternative Earths inhabitants and representative metahumans remain undisclosed . Other Comics ( edit ) Bluewater Comics has released a series of comics that take their cue from the TV show . They are The Mis - Adventures of Adam West , The Secret Lives of Julie Newmar , and Burt Ward , Boy Wonder and are similar in tone to the TV series . The Mis - Adventures of Adam West had a four - issue miniseries , and a regular series that ran nine issues . The Secret Lives of Julie Newmar was a four - issue miniseries and Burt Ward , Boy Wonder was going to be a four - issue miniseries , but has not yet been published . Pinball machine ( edit ) The company Stern have announced they will release the pinball machine Batman ' 66 , based on the TV series , in November 2016 . DVD , Digital media and Blu - ray release ( edit ) DVD / Blu - ray name Region 1 Region 2 Region 4 The Complete First Season ( DVD ) November 11 , 2014 TBA TBA The Second Season : Part One ( DVD ) February 10 , 2015 TBA TBA The Second Season : Part Two ( DVD ) July 14 , 2015 TBA TBA The Complete Third Season ( DVD ) November 3 , 2015 TBA TBA The Complete Series ( DVD & Blu - ray ) November 11 , 2014 16 Feb. 2015 TBA In January 2014 , Conan O'Brien posted on his Twitter account , and Warner Bros. later confirmed , that Warner Bros. would release an official DVD and Blu - ray boxed set of the complete series sometime in 2014 . On April 10 , 2014 , the website tvshowsondvd.com quoted Burt Ward in saying that Warner Bros. would release the complete series on November 11 , 2014 , in time for the holiday season from 20th Century Fox Television , and that Adam West and he were doing special features for the release . Prior to the announcement , multiple conflicting reports were given for the reason the series had not been released officially . These included : Negotiations between DC Comics ( and parent company Warner Bros . ) , owners of the Batman character and 20th Century Fox , owners of the program itself . Greenway / ABC / Fox rights issues : The Batman series was conceived as an equal partnership between William Dozier 's Greenway Productions and Fox in 1964 , before Fox entered into a separate agreement with ABC to produce the series in 1965 . With three companies involved almost from the outset , some speculation indicates ' these rights ' are tangled even before the DC Comics character ownership rights are to be considered . Moreover : In 2006 , Deborah Dozier Potter , `` the successor - in - interest to Greenway Productions '' sued Fox for allegedly withholding monies under the Fox / ABC agreement . Dozier Potter further claimed that this came to her attention when , in March 2005 , `` she considered releasing the series on DVD '' , implying that ( from her perspective at least ) Greenway / Dozier Potter has some say in the matter of potential DVD release of the series . The case was resolved / dismissed in November 2007 . In February 2005 , John Stacks had approached Deborah Dozier Potter to market the series on DVD . There were many offers and lots of interest in the release of the series , as can be read in Joel Eisner 's The Official Batbook Revised Bat Edition 2008 . Other complications / rights issues : Christopher D. Heer , writing at the `` 1966 Batman Message Board '' , clarified a quote by moderator Lee Kirkham , noting that there will likely be the need for complicated deals regarding cameos , since `` ... at least some of the cameos were done as uncredited , unpaid walk - ons -- which means that Fox does NOT have home video clearances for them . Either those scenes would have to be cut or an agreement reached with the actors . '' Kirkham 's initial quote also noted that , alongside music clearance issues , there could also be problems over some of the costumes , and the original Batmobile : `` It may surprise you , but then there are also rights issues concerning the design of the unique Batmobile design used in the show , and possibly a separate issue regarding some of the costumes as well ! '' The series , under the Fox / ABC deal , is still in syndication , and regularly shown on a number of channels around the world , currently appearing in the United States on Me - TV and IFC as of July 4 , 2014 . Until 2014 , only the 1966 feature film was available on DVD from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment for nonbroadcast viewing in North America . This affected the 2003 television movie reunion Return to the Batcave : The Misadventures of Adam and Burt , also released to DVD , which was able to make use of footage only from the 1966 movie . With Batman being unavailable for home - video release until 2014 , an unusual situation occurred in which material that would be considered DVD featurettes was released separately . In 2004 , Image Entertainment released Holy Batmania , a two - DVD set that included documentaries on the making of the series , as well as rare footage such as the original screen tests of the cast and Lyle Waggoner . In 2008 , Adam West released a privately issued DVD with the tongue - in - cheek title Adam West Naked for which he recorded anecdotes regarding all 120 episodes of the series . In 2013 PBS aired an episode of Pioneers of Television called `` Superheroes '' that featured interviews with Adam West and Burt Ward , and talked about the 1960s TV series . It was released on DVD March 11 , 2013 . Also in 2013 , PBS produced and transmitted a documentary titled Superheroes : A Never - Ending Battle . This documentary talked a little bit about the series and included an interview with Adam West . On November 11 , 2014 , Warner Bros. released the full 120 - episode Batman collection on Blu - ray and DVD with a variety of extras including a miniature Batmobile , a 32 - page episode guide , and Adam West Scrapbook . A second box released on Warner Bros . ' own batmanondvd website replaces the Batmobile and the trading cards with a script from the episode `` The Joker is Wild '' and a bonus box containing the movie and the `` Adam West Naked '' documentary . This series is also available at the iTunes Store . Collectibles ( edit ) Starting in 1966 , an enormous amount of Batman merchandise was manufactured and marketed to cash - in on the TV show 's vast popularity . This includes trading cards , bubblegum cards , scale model kits of the Batmobile and Batboat , coloring books , and board games . Items from this particular era have gained substantial collector appeal with their remarkable variety , scarcity , and style . One of the most desired collectibles involves the episodes introducing Catwoman ( `` The Purr - fect Crime '' / `` Better Luck Next Time '' ) , which were the subject of a View - Master reel & booklet set in 1966 ( Sawyers Packet # B492 ) . While the series was first - run on ABC , packet cover indicia reflected the `` Bat Craze '' cultural phenomenon by referring to the booklet as a Batbooklet , Dynamically illustrated . By the time the television series was cancelled in 1968 and GAF had taken over the View - Master product , Batbooklet was removed in favor of then - standard View - Master packaging for all future releases in the decades to follow , right up the period when the standard packet line was discontinued . The first season 's superimposed fight onomatopoeias were not used for the View - Master 's scenes of fights . Instead , black - lined `` blast '' balloons ( transparent inside ) , and series - like onomatopoeias were illustrated and superimposed over fight images . The popularity of the TV series has carried several decades after its debut ; toy company Mattel has made the 1966 Batmobile in various scales for the Hot Wheels product line . The Batmobile with Batboat were also produced under the Matchbox and Corgi names in the UK , during this period . Warner Bros. acquired merchandising rights to the series in 2012 , ( 2 ) and in 2013 Mattel released an action figure line based on the television series . To date only a single series of figures have been produced : Batman , the Riddler , the Joker , the Penguin , Catwoman and exclusive to a boxset Robin . Two Batman variants were also produced a limited SDCC exclusive figure with an action feature that replicates the famous Batusi dance and a Surf 's Up Batman figure complete with surfboard and trunks . Each figure has the likeness of their respective actor ( with Catwoman resembling Newmar and the Riddler resembling Gorshin ) and came packaged with a display base and collector card . A Batmobile was also sold to retail making this the first time the classic model has been produced for action figures in the 6 - inch scale . In 2013 , Hong Kong -- based entertainment collectible manufacturer Hot Toys produced ⁄ scale versions of West 's Batman and Ward 's Robin . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Adam West , dictating Back to the Batcave to Jeff Rovin , admitted to having resented the development ; in his words , `` ... We were now calculating and titillating . These kinds of things are always short - term solutions to problems ... '' Jump up ^ From Lambert , David ( December 5 , 2005 ) . `` Batman -- 1966 Batman Series Still Not Coming To DVD Yet '' . Archived from the original on April 16 , 2008 . Retrieved April 5 , 2008 . Fox ( which owns the footage ) and DC Comics ( owner of the characters , and sister company of Warner Bros . ) are still deep in the process of sorting out the legalities and licensing situations for this release . Other license issues may be involved , as well , such as music . Jump up ^ The relevant passage reads : `` The lawsuit filed by Debra Dozier Potter was dismissed with prejudice on 11 / 26 / 07 . Furthermore , a notice of unconditional settlement was filed by the Plaintff on 11 / 19 / 07 . The case is DEBORAH DOZIER POTTER VS TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX FILM CORPORATION Case No BC357067 . '' Broadcast History ( edit ) International broadcast ( edit ) ( show ) List of broadcasts United States ABC ( January 12 , 1966 -- March 14 , 1968 ) United Kingdom ITV ( 1989 -- 1992 ) Channel 4 ( 1993 -- 1996 ) ( Channel 4 started running the series in 1993 at the rate of one episode a week . Then : ITV4 started running the series in 2011 at the rate of one episode a week . ) ITV4 ( 2011 -- 2014 ) ( 18 Years Of Channels : Channel 4 started running the series in 1993 at the rate of one episode a week . Then : ITV4 started running the series in 2011 at the rate of one episode a week . ) The Children 's Channel / The Family Channel / Bravo ( 1993 -- 2001 ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Top 10 Comic to TV Adaptations '' . IGN . June 22 , 2007 . Retrieved August 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` A History of Batman on TV '' . IGN . July 17 , 2008 . Retrieved August 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Glen Weldon ; Michael Kantor . Superheroes ! : Capes cowls and the creation of comic book culture . pp. 162 -- 63 . Jump up ^ `` Trivia : Batman ( TV series 1966 -- 68 ) '' . IMDB . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 22 . Jump up ^ `` News article and memo regarding installing seat belts '' . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 22 . Jump up ^ Konow , David ( 20 February 2014 ) . `` A Tribute to the 1966 Batman TV Series '' . Tested . Whalerock Industries . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Gabilliet , Jean - Paul ( 2010 ) . Of Comics and Men : A Cultural History of American Comic Books . Bart Beaty and Nick Nguyen ( translators ) . University Press of Mississippi . p. 59 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60473 - 267 - 2 . Jump up ^ Cassell , Dewey ( February 2010 ) . `` Growing Up Gordon : The Early Years of Batgirl '' . Back Issue ! . TwoMorrows Publishing ( 38 ) : 65 -- 70 . Jump up ^ `` Batgirl and the Batman Phenomenon '' . June 11 , 2003 . Retrieved March 24 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Batman TV show turns 50 '' . The Nation Jump up ^ WOIO schedule -- Titan TV.com Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Eisner , Joel The Official Batman Batbook Contemporary Books , Inc. 1986 ISBN 0 - 8092 - 5035 - 7 p. 70 Jump up ^ Eisner pp. 114 -- 15 Jump up ^ `` Science Fiction '' . Pioneers of Television . Season 2 . January 18 , 2011 . PBS . Jump up ^ `` The Monkees parody Television ( in 1967 ) '' . YouTube . Jump up ^ Sepinwall , Alan ; Seitz , Matt Zoller ( 6 September 2016 ) . TV ( The Book ) : Two Experts Pick the Greatest American Shows of All Time . Grand Central Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1455588190 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Special Collector 's Issue : 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time '' . TV Guide ( June 28 -- July 4 ) . 1997 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` TV Guide 's Top 100 Episodes '' . Rev / Views . Retrieved July 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Batman for U.S. Savings Bonds , ca . 1966 , U.S. National Archives , YouTube Jump up ^ Batman , ca . 1973 , U.S. National Archives , YouTube Jump up ^ `` Holy hot wheels ! TV 's original Batmobile to be sold a big Arizona car auction '' . Washington Post . Archived from the original on September 11 , 2016 . Retrieved November 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Batmobile Sold : Original Batman Car Auctioned '' . Sky News . January 20 , 2013 . Retrieved March 18 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Worley , Rob M. ( October 27 , 2008 ) . `` Batman The Brave and the Bold -- Rise of the Blue Beetle '' . Mania.com . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2009 . Retrieved June 17 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Batman ( 1966 film ) '' . Wikipedia . 2017 - 05 - 05 . Jump up ^ Lussier , Germain ( March 30 , 2015 ) . `` Animated Batman 1966 Movie Coming in 2016 '' . / Film . Jump up ^ Greenfield , Dan ( April 1 , 2015 ) . `` Exclusive : Julie Newmar Will Be In Batman 66 Animated Movie , As of March 2016 , no new updates '' . 13th Dimension . Jump up ^ The Cast of Batman ' 66 Returns for a New Animated Movie Jump up ^ Slead , Evan ( August 17 , 2016 ) . `` Adam West , Burt Ward , Julie Newmar return for animated Batman movie '' . Entertainment Weekly . Jump up ^ Seifert , Mark ( October 6 , 2016 ) . `` BATMANNNN ! William Shatner Will Play Two - Face In Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders Sequel '' . Bleeding Cool . Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/p/BLPYqm3hNAL/ Jump up ^ News , A.B.C. ( 2017 - 06 - 10 ) . `` ' Batman ' TV star Adam West dies at 88 '' . ABC News . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 11 . Jump up ^ `` DC Comics To Publish A Batman Sixties TV Show Comic , As Well As A Batusi Exclusive Toy For San Diego Comic Con '' . Bleeding Cool Comic Book , Movie , TV News . Jump up ^ `` DC Comics To Publish A Batman Jeff Parker Writes Batman 1966 , Digital - First Comic '' . Newsarama.com . Jump up ^ Batman ' 66 2013 Jump up ^ `` Kevin Smith & Ralph Garman Announce New Batman / Green Hornet Project -- ( DCAA 206 ) '' . YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Preview : Batman ' 66 Meets The Man From U.N.C.L.E. # 5 '' . Comic Book Resources . January 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ http://www.dccomics.com/comics/batman-%E2%80%9966-meets-steed-and-mrs-peel-2016/batman-%E2%80%9966-meets-steed-and-mrs-peel-1 Jump up ^ `` Batman ' 66 Meets Steed And Mrs Peel In New Crossover '' . Archived from the original on 16 June 2016 . Retrieved 12 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Batman ' 66 Meets Steed and Mrs. Peel : Ian Edginton and Matthew Dow Smith Unite Two TV Icons '' . Retrieved 12 June 2016 . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( October 7 , 2016 ) . `` Wonder Woman From 1970s to Meet 1960s Batman in DC Cross-Over Project '' . Variety . Jump up ^ The Multiversity Guidebook : January 2015 Jump up ^ https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/08/stern-is-making-a-batman-66-pinball-machine-starri.html Jump up ^ http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/Batman-Season-3/21322 Jump up ^ Lambert , David ( January 15 , 2014 ) . `` Batman - POW ! BAM ! SOCKO ! Team Coco Has the ' West ' Word We 've All Waited For ! '' . TV Shows on DVD . Retrieved January 15 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Lacey , Gord ( August 19 , 2006 ) . `` Batman DVD news : New Lawsuit -- Will We Ever See Batman on DVD ? '' . TVShowsOnDVD.com . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2008 . Retrieved April 5 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Fox Hit With Claim for Net Profits on ' Batman ' Series Entertainment & Arts > Broadcasting Industry from AllBusiness.com '' . Web.archive.org . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2009 . Retrieved August 2 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Re : Blog talks about Batman DVD ownership woes '' Reply # 42 `` . Web.archive.org . January 25 , 2008 . Archived from the original on January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved April 5 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Internet Archive Wayback Machine '' . Web.archive.org . October 7 , 2007 . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2007 . Retrieved July 14 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` listing for Holy Batmania '' . Amazon.com . Archived from the original on June 19 , 2010 . Retrieved June 17 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Adam West gets back in the Batmobile Hero Complex -- movies , comics , fanboy fare -- latimes.com '' . Herocomplex.latimes.com . March 20 , 2009 . Retrieved February 22 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Holy Smokes ' Batman , ' The ' 60s Series Is Out On DVD '' . November 17 , 2014 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batman ( TV series ) . Wikiquote has quotations related to : Batman ( TV series ) Television in the United States portal Superhero fiction portal 1960s portal Batman on IMDb Batman at TV.com `` Batman '' at the Museum of Broadcast Communications Batman - related interview videos at the Archive of American Television `` Jean Boone -- Interview with Cast of Batman , The Movie ( 1966 ) '' from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image 1966 -- 1968 Batman television series Characters adapted for the series Alfred Batgirl / Barbara Gordon Batman / Bruce Wayne Catwoman Clock King Commissioner James Gordon Green Hornet The Joker Kato The Mad Hatter Mr. Freeze The Penguin The Riddler Robin / Richard `` Dick '' Grayson Characters created for the series Egghead Vehicles & gadgetry Batmobile Batboat Batcopter Batcycle Batsuit Bat phone Batcomputer Batbelt In - story locations Gotham City Batcave Wayne Manor Londinium Related topics Shows Legends of the Superheroes The New Adventures of Batman Return to the Batcave : The Misadventures of Adam and Burt The Green Hornet The Man from U.N.C.L.E. 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the original batman tv show air | ['Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains.[1][2] It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk.[3] It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on the air without a laugh track. 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966, to March 14, 1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Batman as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time.'] | ['January 12, 1966, to March 14, 1968'] | Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains.[1][2] It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk.[3] It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on the air without a laugh track. 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966, to March 14, 1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Batman as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time. |
[question]: What was the name of the actor who played Batman in the 1960s TV series?
[answer]: The actor who played Batman in the 1960s TV series was Adam West. | What was the name of the actor who played Batman in the 1960s TV series? | The actor who played Batman in the 1960s TV series was Adam West. | 1 | 7.680235 | 13 | 154 | 1 |
17,302 | -7,506,324,997,539,486,000 | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets - wikipedia Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the book . For other uses , see Chamber of Secrets ( disambiguation ) . Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Jacket art of the original UK edition Author J.K. Rowling Illustrator Cliff Wright ( UK Edition ) Jonny Duddle ( 2014 UK Edition ) Mary GrandPré ( US Edition ) Kazu Kibuishi ( 2013 US Edition ) Jim Kay ( Illustrated edition ) Series Harry Potter Release number 2nd in series Genre Fantasy Publisher Bloomsbury ( UK ) ( Canada 2010 -- present ) Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic ( US ) Raincoast ( Canada 1998 -- 2010 ) Publication date 2 July 1998 ( UK ) 2 June 1999 ( US ) Pages 251 ( UK Edition ) 360 ( 2014 UK Edition ) 341 ( US Edition ) 368 ( 2013 US Edition ) ISBN 0 - 7475 - 3849 - 2 Preceded by Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Followed by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter series . The plot follows Harry 's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , during which a series of messages on the walls of the school 's corridors warn that the `` Chamber of Secrets '' has been opened and that the `` heir of Slytherin '' would kill all pupils who do not come from all - magical families . These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school `` petrified '' ( frozen like stone ) . Throughout the year , Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks . The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by Bloomsbury and in the United States on 2 June 1999 by Scholastic Inc . Although Rowling found it difficult to finish the book , it won high praise and awards from critics , young readers and the book industry , although some critics thought the story was perhaps too frightening for younger children . Much like with other novels in the series , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets triggered religious debates ; some religious authorities have condemned its use of magical themes , while others have praised its emphasis on self - sacrifice and on the way in which a person 's character is the result of the person 's choices . Several commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong theme in the book , and that it addresses issues of racism through the treatment of non-magical , non-human and non-living people . Some commentators regard the diary as a warning against uncritical acceptance of information from sources whose motives and reliability can not be checked . Institutional authority is portrayed as self - serving and incompetent . The book is also known to have some connections to the sixth novel of the series , Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince . The film adaptation of the novel , released in 2002 , became ( at that time ) the seventh highest - grossing film ever and received generally favourable reviews . Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms , and most obtained favourable reviews . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Publication and reception 2.1 Development 2.2 Publication 2.3 Critical response 2.4 Awards and honours 3 Themes 3.1 Connection to Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince 4 Adaptations 4.1 Film 4.2 Video games 5 References 6 External links Plot ( edit ) On Harry Potter 's birthday in 1992 , the Dursley family -- Harry 's Uncle Vernon , Aunt Petunia , and cousin Dudley -- hold a dinner party for a potential client of Vernon 's drill - manufacturing company . Harry is not invited , but is content to spend the evening quietly in his bedroom , although he is upset that his school friends have not sent cards or presents . However , when he goes to his room a house - elf named Dobby warns him not to return to Hogwarts and admits to intercepting Harry 's post from his friends . Having failed to persuade Harry to voluntarily give up his place at Hogwarts , Dobby then attempts to get him expelled by using magic to smash Petunia 's dessert on a dinner party guest and framing it on Harry , who is not allowed to use magic out of school . Uncle Vernon 's business deal falls through , but Harry is given a second chance and allowed to return at the start of the school year . In the meantime , Uncle Vernon punishes Harry , fitting locks to his bedroom door and bars to the windows . However , Ron Weasley arrives with his twin brothers Fred and George in their father Arthur 's enchanted Ford Anglia and they rescue Harry , who stays at their family home , the Burrow , for the remainder of his holidays . Harry and the other Weasleys -- mother Molly , third eldest son Percy , and daughter Ginny ( who has a crush on Harry ) -- travel to Diagon Alley . There , they are reunited with Hermione Granger and introduced to Lucius Malfoy , father of Harry 's school nemesis Draco , and Gilderoy Lockhart , a conceited autobiographer who has been appointed Defence Against the Dark Arts professor after the death of Professor Quirrel . When Harry and Ron approach Platform 9 3 / 4 in King 's Cross station it refuses to allow them to pass ; instead , they fly Arthur 's car to Hogwarts , where they crash into a sentient willow tree on the grounds . In trouble for the crash , Ron is punished by having to clean the school trophies and Harry by helping the celebrity teacher Professor Lockhart , whose classes are chaotic , with addressing his fan mail . Harry learns of some wizards ' prejudice about blood status in terms of `` pure '' blood ( only wizarding heritage ) and those with Muggle parentage . He is alone in hearing an unnerving voice seemingly coming from the walls of the school itself , and during a deathday party for Gryffindor House 's ghost Nearly Headless Nick , he , Ron , and Hermione happen upon the school caretaker Argus Filch 's petrified cat , Mrs. Norris , and a warning scrawled across one of the walls : `` The chamber of secrets has been opened . Enemies of the heir , beware . '' Rumours fly around the school regarding the Chamber of Secrets ' history . Harry and his friends discover from Cuthbert Binns , the ghostly professor of History of Magic , that it houses a terrible monster and was created by one of the school 's founders , Salazar Slytherin , after a fundamental disagreement with the other founders ( Godric Gryffindor , Helga Hufflepuff , and Rowena Ravenclaw ) . Slytherin believed that students of non-magical parentage should be refused entry to the school . When a Bludger , one of the balls involved in Quidditch , chases after Harry instead of zigzagging toward any player it can hit , breaking his arm , Dobby returns in the middle of the night to visit Harry in the hospital wing , revealing that it was he who charmed the Bludger and sealed the gateway at King 's Cross and that the Chamber of Secrets had been opened before . Another attack occurs , this time to a first - year Gryffindor named Colin Creevey who idolises Harry , and the school enters panic mode , setting up a dueling class for the students ( led by Lockhart and Potions master / Head of Slytherin House Severus Snape ) , during which it is revealed that Harry is a ' Parselmouth ' , meaning he has the rare gift to speak to snakes . This sparks the rumour mill yet again , as students around the school suspect Harry of being the Heir of Slytherin ( as Slytherin was also a parselmouth ) , and circumstantial evidence to support this theory arrives in the form of another attack , this time on Hufflepuff second - year Justin Finch Fletchley and the Gryffindor ghost . Harry , Ron , and Hermione begin to suspect that Draco is behind the attacks , given his family history of remaining well within Slytherin ranks and open hostility toward Muggle - born students , and so Hermione concocts Polyjuice potion , which allows them to become Draco 's boorish lackeys , Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle , for an hour to interrogate him . This comes to nothing , as Draco 's father only told his son the general facts of the previous opening of the Chamber and that it occurred fifty years previously . Meanwhile , Myrtle Warren , an existentially mopey ghost that haunts a bathroom , unwittingly provides a new clue in the form of a diary deposited in her stall -- a diary , moreover , that belonged to Tom Riddle , a student who knows all too well about the Chamber , having been witness to a fellow student 's death fifty years ago . The culprit , he reveals to Harry , was none other than Rubeus Hagrid , now gamekeeper for Hogwarts School ; when Hermione is attacked next , alongside a Ravenclaw prefect , the school is put on lockdown , and Dumbledore and Hagrid are forced to leave the premises . Fortunately for Harry and Ron , Hagrid left a set of instructions : to follow the spiders currently fleeing into the Forbidden Forest , which they do , only to find the monster blamed for the attacks fifty years before , a massive spider named Aragog , who explains to the duo that the real monster is one that spiders fear above all others . Hermione provides the last set of clues that inform them of the monster 's identity : It is a basilisk , ( hence Harry 's ability to understand it , ) that kills with a stare ( although no one is dead because of various devices through which they indirectly saw the monster ) and which spiders ( such as Aragog and his offspring ) fear above all others . Harry figures out from hints Aragog dropped that a student who died during the previous attacks is Myrtle , and when Ginny is apparently taken by the monster into the Chamber , they discover that the entrance is in the bathroom they have been using to make Polyjuice Potion . Harry , Ron , and Lockhart enter the Chamber , but the dunderheaded professor ( who reveals that he is a fraud ) causes a rockfall while attempting to modify the boys ' memories with Ron 's damaged wand . Harry must enter alone . He arrives to find Ginny in a weakened state being watched over by a shadowy , ghostly Riddle . Riddle explains that he is not only the heir of Slytherin , but he also grew up to become Voldemort himself . Riddle sets the basilisk upon Harry , who fights the monster with the help of Dumbledore 's phoenix Fawkes and the Sword of Gryffindor drawn from the Sorting Hat . Harry defeats the monster and destroys the diary with one of the basilisk 's fangs , erasing Riddle . Harry , Ron , Ginny , and Lockhart return to the main castle and reunite with McGonagall , Dumbledore , and Mr. and Mrs. Weasley . Ginny , whose possession by Voldemort caused all of the petrification and troubles over the course of the year , is given a reprieve by Dumbledore , who reasons that greater wizards have been duped by Voldemort before and takes great interest in the qualities of the diary , which Harry gives to him . Lucius Malfoy bursts in after this meeting , demanding to know why and how Dumbledore has returned to the school and accompanied by Dobby , revealing the family to whom he is enslaved . The house - elf also provides Harry with unspoken cues regarding the diary 's ownership : While it was Tom Riddle 's , it had been in the Malfoys ' possession , and Harry returns it , devising a scenario involving his own sock that frees Dobby from the Malfoys ' employment , hence provoking an attack on Harry , only for Dobby to jump in and save him . The petrified students are cured , the end - of - year exams are cancelled ( much to Hermione 's chagrin ) , Hagrid comes back in the middle of the final feast , and Harry returns to Privet Drive in higher spirits than he last left it . Publication and reception ( edit ) Development ( edit ) Rowling found it difficult to finish Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets because she was afraid it would not live up to the expectations raised by Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone in the US ) . After delivering the manuscript to Bloomsbury on schedule , she took it back for six weeks of revision . In early drafts of the book , the ghost Nearly Headless Nick sang a self - composed song explaining his condition and the circumstances of his death . This was cut as the book 's editor did not care for the poem , which has been subsequently published as an extra on J.K. Rowling 's official website . The family background of Dean Thomas was removed because Rowling and her publishers considered it an `` unnecessary digression '' , and she considered Neville Longbottom 's own journey of discovery `` more important to the central plot '' . Publication ( edit ) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999 . It immediately took first place in UK best - seller lists , displacing popular authors such as John Grisham , Tom Clancy , and Terry Pratchett , and making Rowling the first author to win the British Book Awards Children 's Book of the Year for two years in succession . In June 1999 , it went straight to the top of three US best - seller lists , including The New York Times ' . First edition printings had several errors , which were fixed in subsequent reprints . Initially Dumbledore said that Voldemort was the last remaining ancestor of Salazar Slytherin , instead of his descendant . Gilderoy Lockhart 's book on werewolves is entitled Weekends with Werewolves at one point and Wanderings with Werewolves later in the book . Critical response ( edit ) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was met with near universal acclaim . In The Times , Deborah Loudon described it as a children 's book that would be `` re-read into adulthood '' and highlighted its `` strong plots , engaging characters , excellent jokes and a moral message which flows naturally from the story '' . Fantasy author Charles de Lint agreed , and considered the second Harry Potter book as good as Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , a rare achievement among series of books . Thomas Wagner regarded the plot as very similar to that of the first book , based on searching for a secret hidden under the school . However , he enjoyed the parody of celebrities and their fans that centres round Gilderoy Lockhart , and approved of the book 's handling of racism . Tammy Nezol found the book more disturbing than its predecessor , particularly in the rash behaviour of Harry and his friends after Harry withholds information from Dumbledore , and in the human - like behaviour of the mandragoras used to make a potion that cures petrification . Nevertheless , she considered the second story as enjoyable as the first . Mary Stuart thought the final conflict with Tom Riddle in the Chamber was almost as scary as in some of Stephen King 's works , and perhaps too strong for young or timid children . She commented that `` there are enough surprises and imaginative details thrown in as would normally fill five lesser books . '' Like other reviewers , she thought the book would give pleasure to both children and adult readers . According to Philip Nel , the early reviews gave unalloyed praise while the later ones included some criticisms , although they still agreed that the book was outstanding . Writing after all seven books had been published , Graeme Davis regarded Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets as the weakest of the series , and agreed that the plot structure is much the same as in Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . He described Fawkes 's appearance to arm Harry and then to heal him as a deus ex machina : he said that the book does not explain how Fawkes knew where to find Harry ; and Fawkes 's timing had to be very precise , as arriving earlier would probably have prevented the battle with the basilisk , while arriving later would have been fatal to Harry and Ginny . Awards and honours ( edit ) Rowling 's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was the recipient of several awards . The American Library Association listed the novel among its 2000 Notable Children 's Books , as well as its Best Books for Young Adults . In 1999 , Booklist named Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets as one of its Editors ' Choices , and as one of its Top Ten Fantasy Novels for Youth . The Cooperative Children 's Book Center made the novel a CCBC Choice of 2000 in the `` Fiction for Children '' category . The novel also won Children 's Book of the Year British Book Award , and was shortlisted for the 1998 Guardian Children 's Award and the 1998 Carnegie Award . Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize 1998 Gold Medal in the 9 -- 11 years division . Rowling also won two other Nestlé Smarties Book Prizes for Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban . The Scottish Arts Council awarded their first ever Children 's Book Award to the novel in 1999 , and it was also awarded Whitaker 's Platinum Book Award in 2001 . In 2003 , the novel was listed at number 23 on the BBC 's survey The Big Read . Themes ( edit ) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets continues the examination of what makes a person who he or she is , which began in the first book . As well as maintaining that Harry 's identity is shaped by his decisions rather than any aspect of his birth , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets provides contrasting characters who try to conceal their true personalities : as Tammy Nezol puts it , Gilderoy Lockhart `` lacks any real identity '' because he is nothing more than a charming liar . Riddle also complicates Harry 's struggle to understand himself by pointing out the similarities between the two : `` both half - bloods , orphans raised by Muggles , probably the only two Parselmouths to come to Hogwarts since the great Slytherin . '' Opposition to class , death and its impacts , experiencing adolescence , sacrifice , love , friendship , loyalty , prejudice , and racism are constant themes of the series . In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry 's consideration and respect for others extends to the lowly , non-human Dobby and the ghost Nearly Headless Nick . According to Marguerite Krause , achievements in the novel depend more on ingenuity and hard work than on natural talents . Edward Duffy , associate professor at Marquette University , says that one of the central characters of Chamber of Secrets is Tom Riddle 's enchanted diary , which takes control of Ginny Weasley -- just as Riddle planned . Duffy suggests Rowling intended this as a warning against passively consuming information from sources that have their own agendas . Although Bronwyn Williams and Amy Zenger regard the diary as more like an instant messaging or chat room system , they agree about the dangers of relying too much on the written word , which can camouflage the author , and they highlight a comical example , Lockhart 's self - promoting books . Immorality and the portrayal of authority as negative are significant themes in the novel . Marguerite Krause states there are few absolute moral rules in Harry Potter 's world , for example Harry prefers to tell the truth , but lies whenever he considers it necessary -- very like his enemy Draco Malfoy . At the end of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , Dumbledore retracts his promise to punish Harry , Ron , and Hermione if they break any more school rules -- after Professor McGonagall estimates they have broken over 100 -- and lavishly rewards them for ending the threat from the Chamber of Secrets . Krause further states that authority figures and political institutions receive little respect from Rowling . William MacNeil of Griffith University , Queensland , Australia states that the Minister for Magic is presented as a mediocrity . In his article `` Harry Potter and the Secular City '' , Ken Jacobson suggests the Ministry as a whole is portrayed as a tangle of bureaucratic empires , saying that `` Ministry officials busy themselves with minutiae ( e.g. standardising cauldron thicknesses ) and coin politically correct euphemisms like ' non-magical community ' ( for Muggles ) and ' memory modification ' ( for magical brainwashing ) . '' This novel implies it begins in 1992 : the cake for Nearly - Headless Nick 's 500th deathday party bears the words `` Sir Nicholas De Mimsy Porpington died 31 October 1492 '' . Connection to Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince ( edit ) Chamber of Secrets has many links with the sixth book of the series , Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince . In fact , Half - Blood Prince was the working title of Chamber of Secrets and Rowling says she originally intended to present some `` crucial pieces of information '' in the second book , but ultimately felt `` this information 's proper home was book six '' . Some objects that play significant roles in Half - Blood Prince first appear in Chamber of Secrets : the Hand of Glory and the opal necklace that are on sale in Borgin and Burkes ; a Vanishing Cabinet in Hogwarts that is damaged by Peeves the Poltergeist ; and Tom Riddle 's diary , which is later shown to be a Horcrux . Additionally , these two novels are the ones with the most focus on Harry 's relationship with Ginny Weasley . Adaptations ( edit ) Film ( edit ) Main article : Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( film ) The film version of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was released in 2002 . Chris Columbus directed the film , and the screenplay was written by Steve Kloves . It became the third film to exceed $600 million in international box office sales , preceded by Titanic , released in 1997 , and Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , released in 2001 . The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for the Best Fantasy Film , According to Metacritic , the film version of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets received `` generally favourable reviews '' with an average score of 63 % , and another aggregator , Rotten Tomatoes , gave it a score of 82 % . Video games ( edit ) Main article : Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( video game ) Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2002 and 2003 by Electronic Arts , loosely based on the book : Developer Release date Platform Genre GameRankings Metacritic Notes KnowWonder 14 November 2002 Microsoft Windows Adventure / puzzle 71.46 % 77 / 100 Argonaut PlayStation Action - adventure 70.50 % 74 / 100 Griptonite Game Boy Color Role - playing game 77.33 % N / A Eurocom Game Boy Advance Action puzzle 73.44 % 76 / 100 GameCube Action - adventure 73.29 % 77 / 100 PlayStation 2 70.44 % 71 / 100 Xbox 74.58 % 77 / 100 Aspyr 10 April 2003 Mac OS X Adventure / puzzle N / A N / A Port of Windows version References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Sexton , Colleen ( 2007 ) . `` Pottermania '' . J.K. Rowling . Twenty - First Century Books . pp. 77 -- 78 . ISBN 0 - 8225 - 7949 - 9 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 2009 ) . `` Nearly Headless Nick '' . Archived from the original on 23 April 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 2009 ) . `` Dean Thomas 's background ( Chamber of Secrets ) '' . Archived from the original on 2 May 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` A Potter timeline for muggles '' . Toronto Star . 14 July 2007 . Retrieved 27 September 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter : Meet J.K. Rowling '' . Scholastic Inc . Archived from the original on 6 January 2010 . Retrieved 27 September 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Digested read : Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . The Guardian . London . 25 August 1998 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Beckett , Sandra ( 2008 ) . `` Child - to - Adult Crossover Fiction '' . Crossover Fiction . Taylor & Francis . pp. 112 -- 115 . ISBN 0 - 415 - 98033 - X . Retrieved 16 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Pais , Arthur ( 20 June 2003 ) . `` Harry Potter : The mania continues ... '' Rediff.com India Limited . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Best Sellers Plus '' . The New York Times . 20 June 1999 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Brians , Paul . `` Errors : Ancestor / Descendant '' . Washington State University . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 1998 ) . Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . London : Bloomsbury . pp. 38 , 78 . ISBN 0 - 7475 - 3848 - 4 . Jump up ^ Loudon , Deborah ( 18 September 1998 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets -- Children 's Books '' . The Times . London . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ de Lint , Charles ( January 2000 ) . `` Books To Look For '' . Fantasy & Science Fiction . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Wagner , Thomas ( 2000 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . Thomas M. Wagner . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Nezol , Tammy . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ) '' . About.com . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Stuart , Mary . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . curledup.com . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Nel , Phillip ( 2001 ) . `` Reviews of the Novels '' . J.K. Rowling 's Harry Potter novels : a reader 's guide . Continuum International . p. 55 . ISBN 0 - 8264 - 5232 - 9 . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Davis , Graeme ( 2008 ) . `` Re-reading Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . Re-Read Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Today ! an Unauthorized Guide . Nimble Books LLC . p. 1 . ISBN 1 - 934840 - 72 - 6 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . Arthur A. Levine Books . 2001 -- 2005 . Archived from the original on 14 February 2006 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ALA Notable Children 's Books All Ages 2000 '' . Scholastic Inc. 11 June 2007 . Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Best Books for Young Adults '' . American Library Association . 2000 . Archived from the original on 1 May 2009 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ Estes , Sally ; Susan Dove Lempke ( 1999 ) . `` Books for Youth -- Fiction '' . Booklist . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter Reviews '' . CCBC. 2009 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` ABOUT J.K. ROWLING '' . Raincoast Books . 2009 . Archived from the original on 21 December 2007 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Scottish Arts Council Children 's Book Awards '' . Scottish Arts Council . 30 May 2001 . Archived from the original on 4 November 2008 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Potter goes platinum '' . RTÉ. 2009 . Retrieved 18 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` BBC -- The Big Read '' . BBC . April 2003 , Retrieved 12 December 2013 ^ Jump up to : Jacobsen , Ken ( 2004 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Secular City : The Dialectical Religious Vision Of J.K. Rowling '' ( PDF ) . Animus. 9 : 79 -- 104 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Cockrell , Amanda ( 2004 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Secret Password '' . In Whited , L. The ivory tower and Harry Potter . University of Missouri Press . pp. 20 -- 26 . ISBN 0 - 8262 - 1549 - 1 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Knapp , Nancy ( 2003 ) . `` In Defense of Harry Potter : An Apologia '' ( PDF ) . School Libraries Worldwide . International Association of School Librarianship. 9 ( 1 ) : 78 -- 91 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 9 March 2011 . Retrieved 14 May 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Krause , Marguerite ( 2006 ) . `` Harry Potter and the End of Religion '' . In Lackey , M. ; Wilson , L. Mapping the world of Harry Potter . BenBella Books . pp. 55 -- 63 . ISBN 1 - 932100 - 59 - 8 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Duffy , Edward ( 2002 ) . `` Sentences in Harry Potter , Students in Future Writing Classes '' ( PDF ) . Rhetoric Review . Lawrence Erlbaum Associates , Inc. 21 ( 2 ) : 170 -- 187 . doi : 10.1207 / S15327981RR2102_03 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 20 July 2011 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Williams , Bronwyn ; Zenger , Amy ( 2007 ) . Popular culture and representations of literacy . A.A. Routledge . pp. 113 -- 117 , 119 -- 121 . ISBN 0 - 415 - 36095 - 1 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 1998 ) . `` Dobby 's Reward '' . Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . London : Bloomsbury . pp. 241 -- 243 . ISBN 0 - 7475 - 3848 - 4 . Jump up ^ MacNeil , William ( 2002 ) . `` '' Kidlit '' as `` Law - And - Lit '' : Harry Potter and the Scales of Justice '' ( PDF ) . Law and Literature . University of California . 14 ( 3 ) : 545 -- 564 . doi : 10.1525 / lal. 2002.14. 3.545 . Retrieved 27 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 1998 ) . Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . London : Bloomsbury . p. 102 . ISBN 0 - 7475 - 3848 - 4 . Jump up ^ Whited , L. ( 2006 ) . `` 1492 , 1942 , 1992 : The Theme of Race in the Harry Potter Series '' . The Looking Glass : New Perspectives on Children 's Literature. 1 ( 1 ) . Retrieved 20 August 2009 . Jump up ^ Rowling , J.K. ( 29 June 2004 ) . `` Title of Book Six : The Truth '' . Archived from the original on 23 April 2009 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Davis , Graeme ( 2008 ) . `` Re-reading The Very Secret Diary '' . Re-Read Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Today ! an Unauthorized Guide . Nimble Books LLC . p. 74 . ISBN 1 - 934840 - 72 - 6 . Retrieved 25 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum , Lisa ( 13 November 2002 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 8 August 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) -- Rotten Tomatoes '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Archived from the original on 4 February 2009 . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` SF Site -- News : 25 March 2003 '' . Archived from the original on 29 April 2008 . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Past Saturn Awards '' . Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films. 2006 . Archived from the original on 12 May 2011 . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) : Reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 26 May 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for PC '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Critic Reviews for PC '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for PlayStation '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for PlayStation Reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for Game Boy Color '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for Game Boy Advance '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Critic Reviews for Game Boy Advance '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for GameCube '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Critic Reviews for GameCube '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for PlayStation 2 '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Critic Reviews for PlayStation 2 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets for Xbox '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Critic Reviews for Xbox '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 2014 - 01 - 27 . External links ( edit ) Novels portal Harry Potter portal Book : Harry Potter Wikiquote has quotations related to : Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The Wikibook Muggles ' Guide to Harry Potter has a page on the topic of : Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling Books The Philosopher 's Stone The Chamber of Secrets The Prisoner of Azkaban The Goblet of Fire The Order of the Phoenix The Half - Blood Prince The Deathly Hallows Film series Films The Philosopher 's Stone The Chamber of Secrets The Prisoner of Azkaban The Goblet of Fire The Order of the Phoenix The Half - Blood Prince The Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 The Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 Music The Philosopher 's Stone The Chamber of Secrets The Prisoner of Azkaban The Goblet of Fire The Order of the Phoenix The Half - Blood Prince The Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 The Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 Related Cast members Production of The Deathly Hallows Characters Main Harry Potter Ron Weasley Hermione Granger Lord Voldemort Albus Dumbledore Severus Snape Rubeus Hagrid Draco Malfoy Supporting Hogwarts staff Order of the Phoenix Dumbledore 's Army Death Eaters Fictional universe Hogwarts Magic Magical creatures Magical objects Ministry of Magic Muggle Places Potions Quidditch Related works Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Quidditch Through the Ages The Tales of Beedle the Bard Prequel Pottermore The Cursed Child Hogwarts : An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power , Politics and Pesky Poltergeists Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism , Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies Games and toys Quidditch World Cup Lego Creator : Harry Potter Lego Harry Potter : Years 1 -- 4 Lego Harry Potter : Years 5 -- 7 The Philosopher 's Stone The Chamber of Secrets The Prisoner of Azkaban The Goblet of Fire The Order of the Phoenix The Half - Blood Prince The Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 The Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 Book of Spells Book of Potions Trading Card Game Lego Harry Potter Attractions The Wizarding World of Harry Potter Orlando Japan Hollywood Dragon Challenge Flight of the Hippogriff Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey Hogwarts Express Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience Warner Bros. Studio Tour London Fandom Harry Potter Alliance The Leaky Cauldron MuggleNet LeakyCon Wizard rock Wrockstock Severus Snape and the Marauders Voldemort : Origins of the Heir My Immortal Related Influences and analogues Legal disputes Parodies Politics Religious debates Translation A Very Potter Musical The Harry Potter Lexicon The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter Potter Puppet Pals Book Portal Works by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter series Novels Philosopher 's Stone ( 1997 ) Chamber of Secrets ( 1998 ) Prisoner of Azkaban ( 1999 ) Goblet of Fire ( 2000 ) Order of the Phoenix ( 2003 ) Half - Blood Prince ( 2005 ) Deathly Hallows ( 2007 ) Related works Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2001 ) Quidditch Through the Ages ( 2001 ) Harry Potter prequel ( 2008 ) The Tales of Beedle the Bard ( 2008 ) The Cursed Child ( 2016 ) Hogwarts : An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide ( 2016 ) Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power , Politics and Pesky Poltergeists ( 2016 ) Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism , Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies ( 2016 ) Cormoran Strike series ( as Robert Galbraith ) The Cuckoo 's Calling ( 2013 ) The Silkworm ( 2014 ) Career of Evil ( 2015 ) Other works The Casual Vacancy ( 2012 ) Filmography Films produced Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 ( 2010 ) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( 2011 ) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 , also wrote ) Fantastic Beasts : The Crimes of Grindelwald ( 2018 , also wrote ) TV series The Casual Vacancy ( 2015 ) Strike ( 2017 ) See also J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World VIAF : 190455963 GND : 4688806 - 8 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets&oldid=818316612 '' Categories : 1998 British novels Harry Potter books Sequel novels Flying cars in fiction 1990s fantasy novels Scholastic Corporation books Bloomsbury Publishing books British novels adapted into films Memory erasure and alteration in fiction 1998 children 's books Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from October 2013 Use British English from January 2013 Good articles Pages to import images to Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Bosanski Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nāhuatl Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 January 2018 , at 21 : 29 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the title of the second harry potter book | ['Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter series. The plot follows Harry\'s second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a series of messages on the walls of the school\'s corridors warn that the "Chamber of Secrets" has been opened and that the "heir of Slytherin" would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical families. These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school "petrified" (frozen like stone). Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks.'] | ['Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'] | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter series. The plot follows Harry's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a series of messages on the walls of the school's corridors warn that the "Chamber of Secrets" has been opened and that the "heir of Slytherin" would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical families. These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school "petrified" (frozen like stone). Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks. |
[question]: What is the name of the second novel in the Harry Potter series?
[answer]: The second novel in the Harry Potter series is "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" written by J.K. Rowling. | What is the name of the second novel in the Harry Potter series? | The second novel in the Harry Potter series is "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" written by J.K. Rowling. | 1 | 7.629696 | 20 | 108 | 1 |
14,334 | -8,782,596,298,107,424,000 | List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders | List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders - wikipedia List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 25 February 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This is a complete listing of National Basketball Association players who have scored 60 or more points in a game . This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history . Twenty - five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game . Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion : Wilt Chamberlain ( 32 times ) , Kobe Bryant ( 6 times ) , Michael Jordan ( 5 times ) , and Elgin Baylor ( 4 times ) . Chamberlain holds the single - game scoring record , having scored 100 in game in 1962 . Jordan ( 63 ) and Baylor ( 61 ) are the only players to score at least 60 points in a game during the playoffs , each accomplishing this once . Contents ( hide ) 1 Key 2 List 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Key ( edit ) Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA * Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Occurred in playoff competition Player 's team lost the game MP Minutes played FGM Field goals made FGA Field goal attempts 3PM 3 - point field goals made 3PA 3 - point field goal attempts DNP Did not play FTM Free throws made FTA Free throw attempts List ( edit ) Rank Points Player Date 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Team Opponent Score MP FGM FGA 3PM 3PA FTM FTA Notes Ref . Scoring by quarter 100 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 03 - 02 - 0000 March 2 , 1962 23 18 28 31 Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 169 -- 147 48 36 63 -- -- 28 32 81 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002006 - 01 - 22 - 0000 January 22 , 2006 14 12 27 28 Los Angeles Lakers Toronto Raptors 122 -- 104 41 : 56 28 46 7 13 18 20 78 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 151 63 31 62 -- -- 16 31 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 13 - 0000 January 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 117 48 29 48 -- -- 15 25 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 16 - 0000 November 16 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 127 -- 111 48 29 43 -- -- 15 19 73 Thompson , David David Thompson * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 32 21 9 11 Denver Nuggets Detroit Pistons 137 -- 139 43 28 38 -- -- 17 20 7 72 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 03 - 0000 November 3 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 115 -- 127 -- 29 48 -- -- 14 18 8 71 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001960 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1960 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 123 -- 108 45 28 48 -- -- 15 18 71 Robinson , David David Robinson * 000000001994 - 04 - 24 - 0000 April 24 , 1994 18 6 19 28 San Antonio Spurs Los Angeles Clippers 112 -- 97 44 26 41 18 25 10 70 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 148 -- 163 48 27 38 -- -- 16 22 70 Booker , Devin Devin Booker ^ 000000002017 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 2017 10 9 23 28 Phoenix Suns Boston Celtics 120 -- 130 45 21 40 11 24 26 12 69 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001990 - 03 - 28 - 0000 March 28 , 1990 16 15 20 18 Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers 117 -- 113 50 23 37 6 21 23 13 68 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001967 - 12 - 16 - 0000 December 16 , 1967 14 15 15 24 Philadelphia 76ers Chicago Bulls 143 -- 123 -- 30 40 -- -- 8 22 68 Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * 000000001977 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1977 17 14 17 20 New Orleans Jazz New York Knicks 124 -- 107 43 26 43 -- -- 16 19 15 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 03 - 09 - 0000 March 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 126 -- 27 37 -- -- 13 17 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 17 - 0000 February 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 121 -- 128 48 26 44 -- -- 15 20 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 149 48 25 38 -- -- 17 22 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 11 - 0000 January 11 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 129 -- 134 -- 28 47 -- -- 11 17 19 66 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 02 - 09 - 0000 February 9 , 1969 17 17 22 10 Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns 134 -- 116 48 29 35 -- -- 8 18 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 13 - 0000 February 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Cincinnati Royals 132 -- 152 48 24 40 -- -- 17 30 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 27 - 0000 February 27 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 147 -- 137 48 25 43 -- -- 15 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 02 - 07 - 0000 February 7 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers Los Angeles Lakers 132 -- 125 -- 28 43 -- -- 9 20 65 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 16 - 0000 March 16 , 2007 19 9 24 Los Angeles Lakers Portland Trail Blazers 116 -- 111 49 : 58 23 39 8 12 11 12 24 64 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001959 - 11 - 08 - 0000 November 8 , 1959 13 12 17 22 Minneapolis Lakers Boston Celtics 136 -- 115 -- 25 47 -- -- 14 19 64 Barry , Rick Rick Barry * 000000001974 - 03 - 26 - 0000 March 26 , 1974 -- -- 23 22 Golden State Warriors Portland Trail Blazers 143 -- 120 43 30 45 -- -- 5 64 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001993 - 01 - 16 - 0000 January 16 , 1993 22 8 11 16 Chicago Bulls Orlando Magic 124 -- 128 47 27 49 5 9 11 27 63 Fulks , Joe Joe Fulks * 000000001949 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 , 1949 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Indianapolis Jets 108 -- 87 -- 27 56 -- -- 9 14 63 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers Philadelphia Warriors 151 -- 147 -- 23 55 -- -- 17 24 63 West , Jerry Jerry West * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 129 -- 121 39 22 36 -- -- 19 22 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 14 - 0000 December 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 118 -- 120 -- 24 41 -- -- 15 20 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 26 - 0000 November 26 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Philadelphia 76ers 117 -- 128 -- 27 58 -- -- 9 20 63 Gervin , George George Gervin * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 20 33 10 DNP San Antonio Spurs New Orleans Jazz 132 -- 153 33 23 49 -- -- 17 20 63 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001986 - 04 - 20 - 0000 April 20 , 1986 17 6 13 18 Chicago Bulls Boston Celtics 131 -- 135 53 22 41 0 0 19 21 34 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 14 - 0000 January 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Boston Celtics 136 -- 145 48 27 45 -- -- 8 10 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 136 -- 130 53 24 48 -- -- 14 20 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 21 - 0000 January 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Syracuse Nationals 139 -- 132 53 25 42 -- -- 12 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 29 - 0000 January 29 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 123 -- 103 -- 27 44 -- -- 8 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 122 -- 106 -- 26 44 -- -- 10 21 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers San Francisco Warriors 135 -- 125 -- 26 39 -- -- 10 19 62 McGrady , Tracy Tracy McGrady * 000000002004 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 2004 7 21 24 10 Orlando Magic Washington Wizards 108 -- 99 45 : 50 20 37 5 14 17 26 62 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002005 - 12 - 20 - 0000 December 20 , 2005 15 17 30 DNP Los Angeles Lakers Dallas Mavericks 112 -- 90 32 : 53 18 31 10 22 25 62 Anthony , Carmelo Carmelo Anthony ^ 000000002014 - 01 - 24 - 0000 January 24 , 2014 20 17 19 6 New York Knicks Charlotte Bobcats 125 -- 96 38 : 39 23 35 6 11 10 10 43 61 Mikan , George George Mikan * 000000001952 - 01 - 20 - 0000 January 20 , 1952 18 18 -- -- Minneapolis Lakers Rochester Royals 91 -- 81 -- 22 45 -- -- 17 21 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 09 - 0000 December 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 113 48 28 48 -- -- 5 10 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 22 - 0000 February 22 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 139 -- 121 48 21 36 -- -- 19 34 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 28 - 0000 February 28 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 128 -- 119 48 24 46 -- -- 13 17 61 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001962 - 04 - 14 - 0000 April 14 , 1962 18 15 13 15 Los Angeles Lakers Boston Celtics 126 -- 121 -- 22 46 -- -- 17 19 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 21 - 0000 November 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 139 -- 143 -- 27 52 -- -- 7 15 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 11 - 0000 December 11 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 136 -- 124 -- 27 57 -- -- 7 11 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 18 - 0000 December 18 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors St. Louis Hawks 130 -- 110 -- 26 53 -- -- 9 14 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 03 - 04 - 0000 March 4 , 1987 14 10 7 26 Chicago Bulls Detroit Pistons 125 -- 120 43 22 39 0 0 17 18 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 04 - 16 - 0000 April 16 , 1987 15 17 16 13 Chicago Bulls Atlanta Hawks 114 -- 117 41 22 38 0 17 21 61 Malone , Karl Karl Malone * 000000001990 - 01 - 27 - 0000 January 27 , 1990 17 13 20 11 Utah Jazz Milwaukee Bucks 144 -- 96 33 21 26 0 0 19 23 61 O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * 000000002000 - 03 - 06 - 0000 March 6 , 2000 10 16 16 19 Los Angeles Lakers Los Angeles Clippers 123 -- 103 44 : 52 24 35 0 0 13 22 61 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002009 - 02 - 02 - 0000 February 2 , 2009 18 16 12 15 Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 126 -- 117 36 : 48 19 31 6 20 20 61 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ 000000002014 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 2014 11 13 25 12 Miami Heat Charlotte Bobcats 124 -- 107 41 : 12 22 33 8 10 9 12 57 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 01 - 0000 December 1 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 138 -- 117 48 22 47 -- -- 16 26 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 29 - 0000 December 29 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 123 -- 118 48 24 43 -- -- 12 19 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 01 - 26 - 0000 January 26 , 1969 18 9 10 23 Los Angeles Lakers Cincinnati Royals 126 -- 113 -- 22 36 -- -- 16 24 60 King , Bernard Bernard King * 000000001984 - 12 - 25 - 0000 December 25 , 1984 21 19 11 9 New York Knicks New Jersey Nets 114 -- 120 41 19 30 0 0 22 26 60 Bird , Larry Larry Bird * 000000001985 - 03 - 12 - 0000 March 12 , 1985 12 11 19 18 Boston Celtics Atlanta Hawks 126 -- 115 43 22 36 15 16 60 Chambers , Tom Tom Chambers 000000001990 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 1990 14 21 14 11 Phoenix Suns Seattle SuperSonics 121 -- 95 42 22 32 0 0 16 18 60 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson * 000000002005 - 02 - 12 - 0000 February 12 , 2005 17 12 11 20 Philadelphia 76ers Orlando Magic 112 -- 99 42 : 01 17 36 5 24 27 60 Arenas , Gilbert Gilbert Arenas 000000002006 - 12 - 17 - 0000 December 17 , 2006 12 5 12 15 Washington Wizards Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 141 49 : 00 17 32 5 12 21 27 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 22 - 0000 March 22 , 2007 13 11 19 17 Los Angeles Lakers Memphis Grizzlies 121 -- 119 45 : 11 20 37 7 17 18 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002016 - 04 - 13 - 0000 April 13 , 2016 15 7 15 23 Los Angeles Lakers Utah Jazz 101 -- 96 42 22 50 6 21 10 12 60 Klay Thompson ^ 000000002016 - 12 - 05 - 0000 December 5 , 2016 17 23 20 DNP Golden State Warriors Indiana Pacers 142 -- 106 29 21 33 8 14 10 11 60 James Harden ^ 000000002018 - 01 - 30 - 0000 January 30 , 2018 16 13 13 18 Houston Rockets Orlando Magic 114 -- 107 46 : 26 19 30 5 14 17 18 See also ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal NBA regular season records List of National Basketball Association single - game playoff scoring leaders List of NCAA Division I men 's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game Notes ( edit ) Chamberlain set the following , still - standing ( as of the 2016 - 17 season ) single - game NBA records : points scored ( 100 ) , points scored in a half ( 59 ) , shots made ( 36 ) , shots attempted ( 63 ) , and free throws made ( 28 ) . Also set a then - record for points scored in a quarter ( 31 ) . Last game in a streak in which Chamberlain scored 60 points or more in four straight games . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Outscored the Raptors 55 - 41 in the second half . Led Lakers from an 18 - point deficit . Bryant was in the middle of a free throw scoring streak which came to an end at 62 . Scored 28 of the Lakers ' 31 points in the fourth quarter . Scored 19 consecutive Laker points between the end of the first half and the middle of the third quarter . 3 OT ; set a then - record for points in a game . Most points scored in a losing effort . Also recorded 43 rebounds . Set a then - record for points in a regulation game . Most points scored in an opposing arena . Last game of the season ; George Gervin scored 63 on the same night to win the scoring title by a . 07 margin . Set a then - record for points in a game . Last game of regular season to win a scoring title over Shaquille O'Neal . Youngest player to score at least 60 points in a game . 8 points in overtime . OT victory ; also recorded his regular season career - high for rebounds in this game with 18 . Last time Chamberlain scored 60 . Scored basket that sent game in OT . Scored nine in extra period . Set a then - record for points in a game . Scored 7 points in OT . Pre-shot clock era ; set a then - record for points in a game . 3 OT . Scored a then - record 33 points in the second quarter . Lost game but won the scoring title on last game of the season over David Thompson . NBA Playoffs record . 5 points in first OT , 4 points in second OT . OT ; Game played at Detroit , Michigan . OT ; Game played at Utica , New York . Sat out the fourth quarter ; outscored Dallas alone through three quarters , 62 -- 61 . Anthony made a half - court buzzer - beater at the end of the first half . 2 OT ; Mikan scored 67 % of his team 's points . NBA Finals record ( game 5 victory ) ; most points in a regulation playoff game . Scored four points in OT . Part of a streak in which Jordan scored 50 or more points in three consecutive games to become the only player besides Wilt Chamberlain with a 3,000 point season . On his 28th birthday . Made his first 8 three - pointers . Chamberlain 's seventh straight 50 + point game ( an NBA record ) and 13th straight 40 + point game ( he would push this streak to 14 the next evening ) . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Game played at Cleveland , Ohio . Scored last basket at the buzzer . Game played at Lakefront Arena in New Orleans , Louisiana . Scored 16 of his team 's 21 points in OT , setting an NBA record . 3rd game of a four - game 50 + streak ; Bryant 's 50 + streak exceeded only by Chamberlain 's streaks of seven ( twice ) , six , and five ( four times ) . Final game of Bryant 's career . Oldest player to score 60 . Sat out the fourth quarter . New Rockets franchise single - game scoring record . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lawrence , Mitch . `` Chamberlain 's feats the stuff of legend '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` This Date in History - March '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ hoophall.com ( 2007 - 02 - 10 ) . `` The Story Behind Wilt Chamberlain 's 100 - point game '' . Archived from the original on 2006 - 11 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Wilt 's 100 - Point Game Box Score '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1961 - 62 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 - point game second only to Wilt '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 18 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Toronto Raptors @ Los Angeles Lakers Box Score '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved 8 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 point game highlights '' . Retrieved 9 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1962 - 63 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 5 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ROBINSON GETS 71 , SCORING TITLE '' . Chicago Tribune . April 25 , 1994 . p . C10 . Jump up ^ `` Robinson Wins Title with 71 Big Ones '' . The Washington Post . April 25 , 1994 . p . B8 . Jump up ^ `` Basketball ; 69 Points F > or Jordan '' . The New York Times . March 29 , 1990 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Smith , Sam ( March 29 , 1990 ) . `` Jordan pours in 69 His ` best game ever ' beats Cavs in OT '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan top rebounding regular season games '' . Basketball - Reference . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Portland Trail Blazers @ Los Angeles Lakers - Friday , March 16th , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Povtak , Tim ( January 17 , 1993 ) . `` Jordan 's 64 ca n't stop Magic Anderson steals show in overtime '' . Orlando Sentinel . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mac has first 60 - point game since 2000 '' . ESPN.com . March 10 , 2004 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Orlando Magic - Wednesday , March 10th , 2004 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Kobe 's night as Mavs have no answers '' . ESPN.com . December 20 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Dallas Mavericks @ Los Angeles Lakers - Tuesday , December 20th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Knicks - Game Preview , Play - by - Play , Scores and Recap on NBA.com '' . ESPN.com . January 24 , 2014 . Retrieved January 24 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Jordan Lights Up Silverdome With 61 Points '' . Jump up ^ `` MICHAEL JORDAN : 61 pts vs Detroit Pistons ( 1987.03. 04 ) '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61 Points vs Pistons & Isiah Thomas 31Pts 18Assists ( 1987 ) MUST Watch ! '' . Jump up ^ `` 61 for Jordan , 23 in a Row '' . The New York Times . April 17 , 1987 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Sakamoto , Bob ( April 17 , 1987 ) . `` Jordan triumphant in Bulls ' defeat '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 1 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 2 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 3 '' . Jump up ^ Enlund , Tom ( January 28 , 1990 ) . `` Malone answers all - star snub with 61 points against Bucks '' , The Milwaukee Journal , p. 1C . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Los Angeles Clippers - Monday , March 6th , 2000 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ New York Knicks - Monday , February 2nd , 2009 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Heat - March 3 , 2014 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved March 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats vs Heat game recap '' . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldpaper , Sam ( December 26 , 1984 ) . `` King Scores Knick - Record 60 Points in Loss to Nets '' . The New York Times . p . D9 . Jump up ^ `` ' It Was Like Living in a Video Game ' : An Oral History of Larry Bird 's 60 - Point Game '' . archive.boston.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Nosedive Persists For Nets '' . The New York Times . March 25 , 1990 . p . S4 . Jump up ^ `` Suns ' Chambers lights up Sonics for 60 points '' . Chicago Tribune . March 25 , 1990 . p . C15 . Jump up ^ `` On This Day In History ( 3.24. 90 ) Tom Chambers scored a franchise high 60 points vs the Sonics '' . Ballislife.com . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Chambers Lights It Up '' . www.nba.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Three - time scoring champ hits career high '' . ESPN.com . February 12 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Orlando Magic @ Philadelphia 76ers - Saturday , February 12th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Los Angeles Lakers - Sunday , December 17th , 2006 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Memphis Grizzlies - Thursday , March 22nd , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Jazz vs. Lakers - Box Score - April 13 , 2016 '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe scores 60 in unbelievable farewell victory '' . NBA.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pacers vs. Warriors - Box Score - December 5 , 2016 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Magic vs. Rockets - Box Score - January 30 , 2018 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 30 . External links ( edit ) Top single - game scorers ( 60 - plus ) from NBA.com NBA Almanac : Most Points Historical NBA Box Scores Wilt Chamberlain Career Retrospective Harvey Pollack 's Statistical Yearbook ( hide ) National Basketball Association statistical leaders Players Career Regular season Points Franchise Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Seasons Games Minutes Playoffs Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Games Minutes Annual Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Minutes Field goal percentage Three - point field goals Three - point field goal percentage Free throw percentage Season Points Rookie Rebounds Rookie Game Points Playoffs Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Misc Tallest players Shortest players Oldest and youngest players Highest - paid players Teams Winningest teams Winning streaks Losing streaks Misc Highest - scoring games Records Regular season Playoffs All - Star Game Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_National_Basketball_Association_single-game_scoring_leaders&oldid=827553908 '' Categories : National Basketball Association statistical leaders Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 25 February 2018 , at 11 : 02 . About Wikipedia | most points scored by one person in nba | ['This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history. Twenty-five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962.'] | ['100'] | This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history. Twenty-five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962. |
[question]: What is the most points scored in a single NBA game?
[answer]: The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | What is the most points scored in a single NBA game? | The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | 1 | 7.600096 | 17 | 66 | 1 |
17,751 | 5,903,178,784,683,779,000 | List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders | List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders - wikipedia List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 19 December 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search This is a complete listing of National Basketball Association players who have scored 60 or more points in a game . This feat has been accomplished 67 times in NBA history . Twenty - four different players have scored 60 or more points in a game . Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion : Wilt Chamberlain ( 32 times ) , Kobe Bryant ( 6 times ) , Michael Jordan ( 5 times ) , and Elgin Baylor ( 4 times ) . Chamberlain holds the single - game scoring record , having scored 100 in game in 1962 . Jordan ( 63 ) and Baylor ( 61 ) are the only players to score at least 60 points in a game during the playoffs , each accomplishing this once . Contents ( hide ) 1 Key 2 List 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Key ( edit ) Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA * Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Occurred in playoff competition Player 's team lost the game MP Minutes played FGM Field goals made FGA Field goal attempts 3PM 3 - point field goals made 3PA 3 - point field goal attempts DNP Did not play FTM Free throws made FTA Free throw attempts List ( edit ) Rank Points Player Date 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Team Opponent Score MP FGM FGA 3PM 3PA FTM FTA Notes Ref . Scoring by quarter 100 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 03 - 02 - 0000 March 2 , 1962 23 18 28 31 Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 169 -- 147 48 36 63 -- -- 28 32 81 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002006 - 01 - 22 - 0000 January 22 , 2006 14 12 27 28 Los Angeles Lakers Toronto Raptors 122 -- 104 41 : 56 28 46 7 13 18 20 78 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 151 63 31 62 -- -- 16 31 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 13 - 0000 January 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 117 48 29 48 -- -- 15 25 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 16 - 0000 November 16 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 127 -- 111 48 29 43 -- -- 15 19 73 Thompson , David David Thompson * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 32 21 9 11 Denver Nuggets Detroit Pistons 137 -- 139 43 28 38 -- -- 17 20 7 72 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 03 - 0000 November 3 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 115 -- 127 -- 29 48 -- -- 14 18 8 71 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001960 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1960 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 123 -- 108 45 28 48 -- -- 15 18 71 Robinson , David David Robinson * 000000001994 - 04 - 24 - 0000 April 24 , 1994 18 6 19 28 San Antonio Spurs Los Angeles Clippers 112 -- 97 44 26 41 18 25 10 70 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 148 -- 163 48 27 38 -- -- 16 22 70 Booker , Devin Devin Booker ^ March 24 , 2017 10 9 23 28 Phoenix Suns Boston Celtics 120 -- 130 45 21 40 11 24 26 12 69 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001990 - 03 - 28 - 0000 March 28 , 1990 16 15 20 18 Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers 117 -- 113 50 23 37 6 21 23 13 68 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001967 - 12 - 16 - 0000 December 16 , 1967 14 15 15 24 Philadelphia 76ers Chicago Bulls 143 -- 123 -- 30 40 -- -- 8 22 68 Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * 000000001977 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1977 17 14 17 20 New Orleans Jazz New York Knicks 124 -- 107 43 26 43 -- -- 16 19 15 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 03 - 09 - 0000 March 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 126 -- 27 37 -- -- 13 17 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 17 - 0000 February 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 121 -- 128 48 26 44 -- -- 15 20 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 149 48 25 38 -- -- 17 22 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 11 - 0000 January 11 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 129 -- 134 -- 28 47 -- -- 11 17 19 66 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 02 - 09 - 0000 February 9 , 1969 17 17 22 10 Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns 134 -- 116 48 29 35 -- -- 8 18 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 13 - 0000 February 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Cincinnati Royals 132 -- 152 48 24 40 -- -- 17 30 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 27 - 0000 February 27 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 147 -- 137 48 25 43 -- -- 15 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 02 - 07 - 0000 February 7 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers Los Angeles Lakers 132 -- 125 -- 28 43 -- -- 9 20 65 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 16 - 0000 March 16 , 2007 19 9 24 Los Angeles Lakers Portland Trail Blazers 116 -- 111 49 : 58 23 39 8 12 11 12 24 64 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001959 - 11 - 08 - 0000 November 8 , 1959 13 12 17 22 Minneapolis Lakers Boston Celtics 136 -- 115 -- 25 47 -- -- 14 19 64 Barry , Rick Rick Barry * 000000001974 - 03 - 26 - 0000 March 26 , 1974 -- -- 23 22 Golden State Warriors Portland Trail Blazers 143 -- 120 43 30 45 -- -- 5 64 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001993 - 01 - 16 - 0000 January 16 , 1993 22 8 11 16 Chicago Bulls Orlando Magic 124 -- 128 47 27 49 5 9 11 27 63 Fulks , Joe Joe Fulks * 000000001949 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 , 1949 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Indianapolis Jets 108 -- 87 -- 27 56 -- -- 9 14 63 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers Philadelphia Warriors 151 -- 147 -- 23 55 -- -- 17 24 63 West , Jerry Jerry West * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 129 -- 121 39 22 36 -- -- 19 22 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 14 - 0000 December 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 118 -- 120 -- 24 41 -- -- 15 20 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 26 - 0000 November 26 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Philadelphia 76ers 117 -- 128 -- 27 58 -- -- 9 20 63 Gervin , George George Gervin * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 20 33 10 DNP San Antonio Spurs New Orleans Jazz 132 -- 153 33 23 49 -- -- 17 20 63 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001986 - 04 - 20 - 0000 April 20 , 1986 17 6 13 18 Chicago Bulls Boston Celtics 131 -- 135 53 22 41 0 0 19 21 34 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 14 - 0000 January 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Boston Celtics 136 -- 145 48 27 45 -- -- 8 10 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 136 -- 130 53 24 48 -- -- 14 20 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 21 - 0000 January 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Syracuse Nationals 139 -- 132 53 25 42 -- -- 12 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 29 - 0000 January 29 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 123 -- 103 -- 27 44 -- -- 8 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 122 -- 106 -- 26 44 -- -- 10 21 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers San Francisco Warriors 135 -- 125 -- 26 39 -- -- 10 19 62 McGrady , Tracy Tracy McGrady * 000000002004 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 2004 7 21 24 10 Orlando Magic Washington Wizards 108 -- 99 45 : 50 20 37 5 14 17 26 62 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002005 - 12 - 20 - 0000 December 20 , 2005 15 17 30 DNP Los Angeles Lakers Dallas Mavericks 112 -- 90 32 : 53 18 31 10 22 25 62 Anthony , Carmelo Carmelo Anthony ^ 000000002014 - 01 - 24 - 0000 January 24 , 2014 20 17 19 6 New York Knicks Charlotte Bobcats 125 -- 96 38 : 39 23 35 6 11 10 10 43 61 Mikan , George George Mikan * 000000001952 - 01 - 20 - 0000 January 20 , 1952 18 18 -- -- Minneapolis Lakers Rochester Royals 91 -- 81 -- 22 45 -- -- 17 21 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 09 - 0000 December 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 113 48 28 48 -- -- 5 10 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 22 - 0000 February 22 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 139 -- 121 48 21 36 -- -- 19 34 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 28 - 0000 February 28 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 128 -- 119 48 24 46 -- -- 13 17 61 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001962 - 04 - 14 - 0000 April 14 , 1962 18 15 13 15 Los Angeles Lakers Boston Celtics 126 -- 121 -- 22 46 -- -- 17 19 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 21 - 0000 November 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 139 -- 143 -- 27 52 -- -- 7 15 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 11 - 0000 December 11 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 136 -- 124 -- 27 57 -- -- 7 11 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 18 - 0000 December 18 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors St. Louis Hawks 130 -- 110 -- 26 53 -- -- 9 14 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 03 - 04 - 0000 March 4 , 1987 14 10 7 26 Chicago Bulls Detroit Pistons 125 -- 120 43 22 39 0 0 17 18 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 04 - 16 - 0000 April 16 , 1987 15 17 16 13 Chicago Bulls Atlanta Hawks 114 -- 117 41 22 38 0 17 21 61 Malone , Karl Karl Malone * 000000001990 - 01 - 27 - 0000 January 27 , 1990 17 13 20 11 Utah Jazz Milwaukee Bucks 144 -- 96 33 21 26 0 0 19 23 61 O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * 000000002000 - 03 - 06 - 0000 March 6 , 2000 10 16 16 19 Los Angeles Lakers Los Angeles Clippers 123 -- 103 44 : 52 24 35 0 0 13 22 61 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002009 - 02 - 02 - 0000 February 2 , 2009 18 16 12 15 Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 126 -- 117 36 : 48 19 31 6 20 20 61 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ 000000002014 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 2014 11 13 25 12 Miami Heat Charlotte Bobcats 124 -- 107 41 : 12 22 33 8 10 9 12 57 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 01 - 0000 December 1 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 138 -- 117 48 22 47 -- -- 16 26 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 29 - 0000 December 29 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 123 -- 118 48 24 43 -- -- 12 19 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 01 - 26 - 0000 January 26 , 1969 18 9 10 23 Los Angeles Lakers Cincinnati Royals 126 -- 113 -- 22 36 -- -- 16 24 60 King , Bernard Bernard King * 000000001984 - 12 - 25 - 0000 December 25 , 1984 21 19 11 9 New York Knicks New Jersey Nets 114 -- 120 41 19 30 0 0 22 26 60 Bird , Larry Larry Bird * 000000001985 - 03 - 12 - 0000 March 12 , 1985 12 11 19 18 Boston Celtics Atlanta Hawks 126 -- 115 43 22 36 15 16 60 Chambers , Tom Tom Chambers 000000001990 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 1990 14 21 14 11 Phoenix Suns Seattle SuperSonics 121 -- 95 42 22 32 0 0 16 18 60 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson * 000000002005 - 02 - 12 - 0000 February 12 , 2005 17 12 11 20 Philadelphia 76ers Orlando Magic 112 -- 99 42 : 01 17 36 5 24 27 60 Arenas , Gilbert Gilbert Arenas 000000002006 - 12 - 17 - 0000 December 17 , 2006 12 5 12 15 Washington Wizards Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 141 49 : 00 17 32 5 12 21 27 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 22 - 0000 March 22 , 2007 13 11 19 17 Los Angeles Lakers Memphis Grizzlies 121 -- 119 45 : 11 20 37 7 17 18 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002016 - 04 - 13 - 0000 April 13 , 2016 15 7 15 23 Los Angeles Lakers Utah Jazz 101 -- 96 42 22 50 6 21 10 12 60 Klay Thompson ^ December 5 , 2016 17 23 20 DNP Golden State Warriors Indiana Pacers 142 -- 106 29 21 33 8 14 10 11 See also ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal NBA regular season records List of National Basketball Association single - game playoff scoring leaders List of NCAA Division I men 's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game Notes ( edit ) Chamberlain set the following , still - standing ( as of the 2016 - 17 season ) single - game NBA records : points scored ( 100 ) , points scored in a half ( 59 ) , shots made ( 36 ) , shots attempted ( 63 ) , and free throws made ( 28 ) . Also set a then - record for points scored in a quarter ( 31 ) . Last game in a streak in which Chamberlain scored 60 points or more in four straight games . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Outscored the Raptors 55 - 41 in the second half . Led Lakers from an 18 - point deficit . Bryant was in the middle of a free throw scoring streak which came to an end at 62 . Scored 28 of the Lakers ' 31 points in the fourth quarter . Scored 19 consecutive Laker points between the end of the first half and the middle of the third quarter . 3 OT ; set a then - record for points in a game . Most points scored in a losing effort . Also recorded 43 rebounds . Set a then - record for points in a regulation game . Most points scored in an opposing arena . Last game of the season ; George Gervin scored 63 on the same night to win the scoring title by a . 07 margin . Set a then - record for points in a game . Last game of regular season to win a scoring title over Shaquille O'Neal . Youngest player to score at least 60 points in a game . 8 points in overtime . OT victory ; also recorded his regular season career - high for rebounds in this game with 18 . Last time Chamberlain scored 60 . Scored basket that sent game in OT . Scored nine in extra period . Set a then - record for points in a game . Scored 7 points in OT . Pre-shot clock era ; set a then - record for points in a game . 3 OT . Scored a then - record 33 points in the second quarter . Lost game but won the scoring title on last game of the season over David Thompson . NBA Playoffs record . 5 points in first OT , 4 points in second OT . OT ; Game played at Detroit , Michigan . OT ; Game played at Utica , New York . Sat out the fourth quarter ; outscored Dallas alone through three quarters , 62 -- 61 . Anthony made a half - court buzzer - beater at the end of the first half . 2 OT ; Mikan scored 67 % of his team 's points . NBA Finals record ( game 5 victory ) ; most points in a regulation playoff game . Scored four points in OT . Part of a streak in which Jordan scored 50 or more points in three consecutive games to become the only player besides Wilt Chamberlain with a 3,000 point season . On his 28th birthday . Made his first 8 three - pointers . Chamberlain 's seventh straight 50 + point game ( an NBA record ) and 13th straight 40 + point game ( he would push this streak to 14 the next evening ) . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Game played at Cleveland , Ohio . Scored last basket at the buzzer . Game played at Lakefront Arena in New Orleans , Louisiana . Scored 16 of his team 's 21 points in OT , setting an NBA record . 3rd game of a four - game 50 + streak ; Bryant 's 50 + streak exceeded only by Chamberlain 's streaks of seven ( twice ) , six , and five ( four times ) . Final game of Bryant 's career . Oldest player to score 60 . Sat out the fourth quarter . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lawrence , Mitch . `` Chamberlain 's feats the stuff of legend '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` This Date in History - March '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ hoophall.com ( 2007 - 02 - 10 ) . `` The Story Behind Wilt Chamberlain 's 100 - point game '' . Archived from the original on 2006 - 11 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Wilt 's 100 - Point Game Box Score '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1961 - 62 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 - point game second only to Wilt '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 18 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Toronto Raptors @ Los Angeles Lakers Box Score '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved 8 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 point game highlights '' . Retrieved 9 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1962 - 63 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 5 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ROBINSON GETS 71 , SCORING TITLE '' . Chicago Tribune . April 25 , 1994 . p . C10 . Jump up ^ `` Robinson Wins Title with 71 Big Ones '' . The Washington Post . April 25 , 1994 . p . B8 . Jump up ^ `` Basketball ; 69 Points F > or Jordan '' . The New York Times . March 29 , 1990 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Smith , Sam ( March 29 , 1990 ) . `` Jordan pours in 69 His ` best game ever ' beats Cavs in OT '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan top rebounding regular season games '' . Basketball - Reference . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Portland Trail Blazers @ Los Angeles Lakers - Friday , March 16th , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Povtak , Tim ( January 17 , 1993 ) . `` Jordan 's 64 ca n't stop Magic Anderson steals show in overtime '' . Orlando Sentinel . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mac has first 60 - point game since 2000 '' . ESPN.com . March 10 , 2004 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Orlando Magic - Wednesday , March 10th , 2004 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Kobe 's night as Mavs have no answers '' . ESPN.com . December 20 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Dallas Mavericks @ Los Angeles Lakers - Tuesday , December 20th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Knicks - Game Preview , Play - by - Play , Scores and Recap on NBA.com '' . ESPN.com . January 24 , 2014 . Retrieved January 24 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Jordan Lights Up Silverdome With 61 Points '' . Jump up ^ `` MICHAEL JORDAN : 61 pts vs Detroit Pistons ( 1987.03. 04 ) '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61 Points vs Pistons & Isiah Thomas 31Pts 18Assists ( 1987 ) MUST Watch ! '' . Jump up ^ `` 61 for Jordan , 23 in a Row '' . The New York Times . April 17 , 1987 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Sakamoto , Bob ( April 17 , 1987 ) . `` Jordan triumphant in Bulls ' defeat '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 1 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 2 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 3 '' . Jump up ^ Enlund , Tom ( January 28 , 1990 ) . `` Malone answers all - star snub with 61 points against Bucks '' , The Milwaukee Journal , p. 1C . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Los Angeles Clippers - Monday , March 6th , 2000 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ New York Knicks - Monday , February 2nd , 2009 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Heat - March 3 , 2014 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved March 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats vs Heat game recap '' . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldpaper , Sam ( December 26 , 1984 ) . `` King Scores Knick - Record 60 Points in Loss to Nets '' . The New York Times . p . D9 . Jump up ^ `` ' It Was Like Living in a Video Game ' : An Oral History of Larry Bird 's 60 - Point Game '' . archive.boston.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Nosedive Persists For Nets '' . The New York Times . March 25 , 1990 . p . S4 . Jump up ^ `` Suns ' Chambers lights up Sonics for 60 points '' . Chicago Tribune . March 25 , 1990 . p . C15 . Jump up ^ `` On This Day In History ( 3.24. 90 ) Tom Chambers scored a franchise high 60 points vs the Sonics '' . Ballislife.com . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Chambers Lights It Up '' . www.nba.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Three - time scoring champ hits career high '' . ESPN.com . February 12 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Orlando Magic @ Philadelphia 76ers - Saturday , February 12th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Los Angeles Lakers - Sunday , December 17th , 2006 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Memphis Grizzlies - Thursday , March 22nd , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Jazz vs. Lakers - Box Score - April 13 , 2016 '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe scores 60 in unbelievable farewell victory '' . NBA.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pacers vs. Warriors - Box Score - December 5 , 2016 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . External links ( edit ) Top single - game scorers ( 60 - plus ) from NBA.com NBA Almanac : Most Points Historical NBA Box Scores Wilt Chamberlain Career Retrospective Harvey Pollack 's Statistical Yearbook ( hide ) National Basketball Association statistical leaders Players Career Regular season Points Franchise Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Seasons Games Minutes Playoffs Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Games Minutes Annual Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Minutes Field goal percentage Three - point field goals Three - point field goal percentage Free throw percentage Season Points Rookie Rebounds Rookie Game Points Playoffs Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Misc Tallest players Shortest players Oldest and youngest players Highest - paid players Teams Winningest teams Winning streaks Losing streaks Misc Highest - scoring games Records Regular season Playoffs All - Star Game Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_National_Basketball_Association_single-game_scoring_leaders&oldid=816090024 '' Categories : National Basketball Association statistical leaders Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages ( level 1 ) Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 19 December 2017 , at 05 : 30 . About Wikipedia | who has the most points in a game nba | ['This feat has been accomplished 67 times in NBA history. Twenty-four different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962.'] | ['Wilt Chamberlain'] | This feat has been accomplished 67 times in NBA history. Twenty-four different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962. |
[question]: What is the most points scored in a single NBA game?
[answer]: The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | What is the most points scored in a single NBA game? | The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | 1 | 7.600096 | 17 | 66 | 1 |
23,400 | 5,829,037,273,402,180,000 | List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders | List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders - wikipedia List of National Basketball Association single - game scoring leaders This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 25 February 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search This is a complete listing of National Basketball Association players who have scored 60 or more points in a game . This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history . Twenty - five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game . Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion : Wilt Chamberlain ( 32 times ) , Kobe Bryant ( 6 times ) , Michael Jordan ( 5 times ) , and Elgin Baylor ( 4 times ) . Chamberlain holds the single - game scoring record , having scored 100 in game in 1962 . Jordan ( 63 ) and Baylor ( 61 ) are the only players to score at least 60 points in a game during the playoffs , each accomplishing this once . Contents ( hide ) 1 Key 2 List 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Key ( edit ) Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA * Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Occurred in playoff competition Player 's team lost the game MP Minutes played FGM Field goals made FGA Field goal attempts 3PM 3 - point field goals made 3PA 3 - point field goal attempts DNP Did not play FTM Free throws made FTA Free throw attempts List ( edit ) Rank Points Player Date 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Team Opponent Score MP FGM FGA 3PM 3PA FTM FTA Notes Ref . Scoring by quarter 100 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 03 - 02 - 0000 March 2 , 1962 23 18 28 31 Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 169 -- 147 48 36 63 -- -- 28 32 81 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002006 - 01 - 22 - 0000 January 22 , 2006 14 12 27 28 Los Angeles Lakers Toronto Raptors 122 -- 104 41 : 56 28 46 7 13 18 20 78 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 151 63 31 62 -- -- 16 31 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 13 - 0000 January 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 117 48 29 48 -- -- 15 25 73 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 16 - 0000 November 16 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 127 -- 111 48 29 43 -- -- 15 19 73 Thompson , David David Thompson * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 32 21 9 11 Denver Nuggets Detroit Pistons 137 -- 139 43 28 38 -- -- 17 20 7 72 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 03 - 0000 November 3 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 115 -- 127 -- 29 48 -- -- 14 18 8 71 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001960 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1960 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 123 -- 108 45 28 48 -- -- 15 18 71 Robinson , David David Robinson * 000000001994 - 04 - 24 - 0000 April 24 , 1994 18 6 19 28 San Antonio Spurs Los Angeles Clippers 112 -- 97 44 26 41 18 25 10 70 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 148 -- 163 48 27 38 -- -- 16 22 70 Booker , Devin Devin Booker ^ 000000002017 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 2017 10 9 23 28 Phoenix Suns Boston Celtics 120 -- 130 45 21 40 11 24 26 12 69 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001990 - 03 - 28 - 0000 March 28 , 1990 16 15 20 18 Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers 117 -- 113 50 23 37 6 21 23 13 68 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001967 - 12 - 16 - 0000 December 16 , 1967 14 15 15 24 Philadelphia 76ers Chicago Bulls 143 -- 123 -- 30 40 -- -- 8 22 68 Maravich , Pete Pete Maravich * 000000001977 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1977 17 14 17 20 New Orleans Jazz New York Knicks 124 -- 107 43 26 43 -- -- 16 19 15 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 03 - 09 - 0000 March 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 126 -- 27 37 -- -- 13 17 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 17 - 0000 February 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 121 -- 128 48 26 44 -- -- 15 20 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 25 - 0000 February 25 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135 -- 149 48 25 38 -- -- 17 22 67 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 11 - 0000 January 11 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 129 -- 134 -- 28 47 -- -- 11 17 19 66 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 02 - 09 - 0000 February 9 , 1969 17 17 22 10 Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns 134 -- 116 48 29 35 -- -- 8 18 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 13 - 0000 February 13 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Cincinnati Royals 132 -- 152 48 24 40 -- -- 17 30 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 27 - 0000 February 27 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 147 -- 137 48 25 43 -- -- 15 20 65 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 02 - 07 - 0000 February 7 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers Los Angeles Lakers 132 -- 125 -- 28 43 -- -- 9 20 65 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 16 - 0000 March 16 , 2007 19 9 24 Los Angeles Lakers Portland Trail Blazers 116 -- 111 49 : 58 23 39 8 12 11 12 24 64 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001959 - 11 - 08 - 0000 November 8 , 1959 13 12 17 22 Minneapolis Lakers Boston Celtics 136 -- 115 -- 25 47 -- -- 14 19 64 Barry , Rick Rick Barry * 000000001974 - 03 - 26 - 0000 March 26 , 1974 -- -- 23 22 Golden State Warriors Portland Trail Blazers 143 -- 120 43 30 45 -- -- 5 64 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001993 - 01 - 16 - 0000 January 16 , 1993 22 8 11 16 Chicago Bulls Orlando Magic 124 -- 128 47 27 49 5 9 11 27 63 Fulks , Joe Joe Fulks * 000000001949 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 , 1949 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Indianapolis Jets 108 -- 87 -- 27 56 -- -- 9 14 63 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001961 - 12 - 08 - 0000 December 8 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers Philadelphia Warriors 151 -- 147 -- 23 55 -- -- 17 24 63 West , Jerry Jerry West * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 129 -- 121 39 22 36 -- -- 19 22 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 14 - 0000 December 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 118 -- 120 -- 24 41 -- -- 15 20 63 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 26 - 0000 November 26 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Philadelphia 76ers 117 -- 128 -- 27 58 -- -- 9 20 63 Gervin , George George Gervin * 000000001978 - 04 - 09 - 0000 April 9 , 1978 20 33 10 DNP San Antonio Spurs New Orleans Jazz 132 -- 153 33 23 49 -- -- 17 20 63 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001986 - 04 - 20 - 0000 April 20 , 1986 17 6 13 18 Chicago Bulls Boston Celtics 131 -- 135 53 22 41 0 0 19 21 34 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 14 - 0000 January 14 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Boston Celtics 136 -- 145 48 27 45 -- -- 8 10 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 17 - 0000 January 17 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 136 -- 130 53 24 48 -- -- 14 20 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 01 - 21 - 0000 January 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Syracuse Nationals 139 -- 132 53 25 42 -- -- 12 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001963 - 01 - 29 - 0000 January 29 , 1963 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 123 -- 103 -- 27 44 -- -- 8 17 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001964 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1964 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 122 -- 106 -- 26 44 -- -- 10 21 62 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001966 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 1966 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia 76ers San Francisco Warriors 135 -- 125 -- 26 39 -- -- 10 19 62 McGrady , Tracy Tracy McGrady * 000000002004 - 03 - 10 - 0000 March 10 , 2004 7 21 24 10 Orlando Magic Washington Wizards 108 -- 99 45 : 50 20 37 5 14 17 26 62 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002005 - 12 - 20 - 0000 December 20 , 2005 15 17 30 DNP Los Angeles Lakers Dallas Mavericks 112 -- 90 32 : 53 18 31 10 22 25 62 Anthony , Carmelo Carmelo Anthony ^ 000000002014 - 01 - 24 - 0000 January 24 , 2014 20 17 19 6 New York Knicks Charlotte Bobcats 125 -- 96 38 : 39 23 35 6 11 10 10 43 61 Mikan , George George Mikan * 000000001952 - 01 - 20 - 0000 January 20 , 1952 18 18 -- -- Minneapolis Lakers Rochester Royals 91 -- 81 -- 22 45 -- -- 17 21 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 09 - 0000 December 9 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135 -- 113 48 28 48 -- -- 5 10 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 22 - 0000 February 22 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 139 -- 121 48 21 36 -- -- 19 34 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 02 - 28 - 0000 February 28 , 1962 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 128 -- 119 48 24 46 -- -- 13 17 61 Baylor , Elgin Elgin Baylor * 000000001962 - 04 - 14 - 0000 April 14 , 1962 18 15 13 15 Los Angeles Lakers Boston Celtics 126 -- 121 -- 22 46 -- -- 17 19 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 11 - 21 - 0000 November 21 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 139 -- 143 -- 27 52 -- -- 7 15 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 11 - 0000 December 11 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 136 -- 124 -- 27 57 -- -- 7 11 61 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001962 - 12 - 18 - 0000 December 18 , 1962 -- -- -- -- San Francisco Warriors St. Louis Hawks 130 -- 110 -- 26 53 -- -- 9 14 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 03 - 04 - 0000 March 4 , 1987 14 10 7 26 Chicago Bulls Detroit Pistons 125 -- 120 43 22 39 0 0 17 18 61 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * 000000001987 - 04 - 16 - 0000 April 16 , 1987 15 17 16 13 Chicago Bulls Atlanta Hawks 114 -- 117 41 22 38 0 17 21 61 Malone , Karl Karl Malone * 000000001990 - 01 - 27 - 0000 January 27 , 1990 17 13 20 11 Utah Jazz Milwaukee Bucks 144 -- 96 33 21 26 0 0 19 23 61 O'Neal , Shaquille Shaquille O'Neal * 000000002000 - 03 - 06 - 0000 March 6 , 2000 10 16 16 19 Los Angeles Lakers Los Angeles Clippers 123 -- 103 44 : 52 24 35 0 0 13 22 61 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002009 - 02 - 02 - 0000 February 2 , 2009 18 16 12 15 Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 126 -- 117 36 : 48 19 31 6 20 20 61 James , LeBron LeBron James ^ 000000002014 - 03 - 03 - 0000 March 3 , 2014 11 13 25 12 Miami Heat Charlotte Bobcats 124 -- 107 41 : 12 22 33 8 10 9 12 57 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 01 - 0000 December 1 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 138 -- 117 48 22 47 -- -- 16 26 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001961 - 12 - 29 - 0000 December 29 , 1961 -- -- -- -- Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 123 -- 118 48 24 43 -- -- 12 19 60 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain * 000000001969 - 01 - 26 - 0000 January 26 , 1969 18 9 10 23 Los Angeles Lakers Cincinnati Royals 126 -- 113 -- 22 36 -- -- 16 24 60 King , Bernard Bernard King * 000000001984 - 12 - 25 - 0000 December 25 , 1984 21 19 11 9 New York Knicks New Jersey Nets 114 -- 120 41 19 30 0 0 22 26 60 Bird , Larry Larry Bird * 000000001985 - 03 - 12 - 0000 March 12 , 1985 12 11 19 18 Boston Celtics Atlanta Hawks 126 -- 115 43 22 36 15 16 60 Chambers , Tom Tom Chambers 000000001990 - 03 - 24 - 0000 March 24 , 1990 14 21 14 11 Phoenix Suns Seattle SuperSonics 121 -- 95 42 22 32 0 0 16 18 60 Iverson , Allen Allen Iverson * 000000002005 - 02 - 12 - 0000 February 12 , 2005 17 12 11 20 Philadelphia 76ers Orlando Magic 112 -- 99 42 : 01 17 36 5 24 27 60 Arenas , Gilbert Gilbert Arenas 000000002006 - 12 - 17 - 0000 December 17 , 2006 12 5 12 15 Washington Wizards Los Angeles Lakers 147 -- 141 49 : 00 17 32 5 12 21 27 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002007 - 03 - 22 - 0000 March 22 , 2007 13 11 19 17 Los Angeles Lakers Memphis Grizzlies 121 -- 119 45 : 11 20 37 7 17 18 60 Bryant , Kobe Kobe Bryant 000000002016 - 04 - 13 - 0000 April 13 , 2016 15 7 15 23 Los Angeles Lakers Utah Jazz 101 -- 96 42 22 50 6 21 10 12 60 Klay Thompson ^ 000000002016 - 12 - 05 - 0000 December 5 , 2016 17 23 20 DNP Golden State Warriors Indiana Pacers 142 -- 106 29 21 33 8 14 10 11 60 James Harden ^ 000000002018 - 01 - 30 - 0000 January 30 , 2018 16 13 13 18 Houston Rockets Orlando Magic 114 -- 107 46 : 26 19 30 5 14 17 18 See also ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal NBA regular season records List of National Basketball Association single - game playoff scoring leaders List of NCAA Division I men 's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game Notes ( edit ) Chamberlain set the following , still - standing ( as of the 2016 - 17 season ) single - game NBA records : points scored ( 100 ) , points scored in a half ( 59 ) , shots made ( 36 ) , shots attempted ( 63 ) , and free throws made ( 28 ) . Also set a then - record for points scored in a quarter ( 31 ) . Last game in a streak in which Chamberlain scored 60 points or more in four straight games . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Outscored the Raptors 55 - 41 in the second half . Led Lakers from an 18 - point deficit . Bryant was in the middle of a free throw scoring streak which came to an end at 62 . Scored 28 of the Lakers ' 31 points in the fourth quarter . Scored 19 consecutive Laker points between the end of the first half and the middle of the third quarter . 3 OT ; set a then - record for points in a game . Most points scored in a losing effort . Also recorded 43 rebounds . Set a then - record for points in a regulation game . Most points scored in an opposing arena . Last game of the season ; George Gervin scored 63 on the same night to win the scoring title by a . 07 margin . Set a then - record for points in a game . Last game of regular season to win a scoring title over Shaquille O'Neal . Youngest player to score at least 60 points in a game . 8 points in overtime . OT victory ; also recorded his regular season career - high for rebounds in this game with 18 . Last time Chamberlain scored 60 . Scored basket that sent game in OT . Scored nine in extra period . Set a then - record for points in a game . Scored 7 points in OT . Pre-shot clock era ; set a then - record for points in a game . 3 OT . Scored a then - record 33 points in the second quarter . Lost game but won the scoring title on last game of the season over David Thompson . NBA Playoffs record . 5 points in first OT , 4 points in second OT . OT ; Game played at Detroit , Michigan . OT ; Game played at Utica , New York . Sat out the fourth quarter ; outscored Dallas alone through three quarters , 62 -- 61 . Anthony made a half - court buzzer - beater at the end of the first half . 2 OT ; Mikan scored 67 % of his team 's points . NBA Finals record ( game 5 victory ) ; most points in a regulation playoff game . Scored four points in OT . Part of a streak in which Jordan scored 50 or more points in three consecutive games to become the only player besides Wilt Chamberlain with a 3,000 point season . On his 28th birthday . Made his first 8 three - pointers . Chamberlain 's seventh straight 50 + point game ( an NBA record ) and 13th straight 40 + point game ( he would push this streak to 14 the next evening ) . Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . Game played at Cleveland , Ohio . Scored last basket at the buzzer . Game played at Lakefront Arena in New Orleans , Louisiana . Scored 16 of his team 's 21 points in OT , setting an NBA record . 3rd game of a four - game 50 + streak ; Bryant 's 50 + streak exceeded only by Chamberlain 's streaks of seven ( twice ) , six , and five ( four times ) . Final game of Bryant 's career . Oldest player to score 60 . Sat out the fourth quarter . New Rockets franchise single - game scoring record . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lawrence , Mitch . `` Chamberlain 's feats the stuff of legend '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` This Date in History - March '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ hoophall.com ( 2007 - 02 - 10 ) . `` The Story Behind Wilt Chamberlain 's 100 - point game '' . Archived from the original on 2006 - 11 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Wilt 's 100 - Point Game Box Score '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1961 - 62 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 - point game second only to Wilt '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 18 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Toronto Raptors @ Los Angeles Lakers Box Score '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved 8 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe 's 81 point game highlights '' . Retrieved 9 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Wilt Chamberlain 1962 - 63 game log '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 5 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ROBINSON GETS 71 , SCORING TITLE '' . Chicago Tribune . April 25 , 1994 . p . C10 . Jump up ^ `` Robinson Wins Title with 71 Big Ones '' . The Washington Post . April 25 , 1994 . p . B8 . Jump up ^ `` Basketball ; 69 Points F > or Jordan '' . The New York Times . March 29 , 1990 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Smith , Sam ( March 29 , 1990 ) . `` Jordan pours in 69 His ` best game ever ' beats Cavs in OT '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan top rebounding regular season games '' . Basketball - Reference . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Portland Trail Blazers @ Los Angeles Lakers - Friday , March 16th , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Povtak , Tim ( January 17 , 1993 ) . `` Jordan 's 64 ca n't stop Magic Anderson steals show in overtime '' . Orlando Sentinel . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mac has first 60 - point game since 2000 '' . ESPN.com . March 10 , 2004 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Orlando Magic - Wednesday , March 10th , 2004 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Kobe 's night as Mavs have no answers '' . ESPN.com . December 20 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Dallas Mavericks @ Los Angeles Lakers - Tuesday , December 20th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Knicks - Game Preview , Play - by - Play , Scores and Recap on NBA.com '' . ESPN.com . January 24 , 2014 . Retrieved January 24 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Jordan Lights Up Silverdome With 61 Points '' . Jump up ^ `` MICHAEL JORDAN : 61 pts vs Detroit Pistons ( 1987.03. 04 ) '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61 Points vs Pistons & Isiah Thomas 31Pts 18Assists ( 1987 ) MUST Watch ! '' . Jump up ^ `` 61 for Jordan , 23 in a Row '' . The New York Times . April 17 , 1987 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Sakamoto , Bob ( April 17 , 1987 ) . `` Jordan triumphant in Bulls ' defeat '' . Chicago Tribune . p . C1 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 1 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 2 '' . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 3 '' . Jump up ^ Enlund , Tom ( January 28 , 1990 ) . `` Malone answers all - star snub with 61 points against Bucks '' , The Milwaukee Journal , p. 1C . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Los Angeles Clippers - Monday , March 6th , 2000 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ New York Knicks - Monday , February 2nd , 2009 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats at Heat - March 3 , 2014 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved March 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Bobcats vs Heat game recap '' . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldpaper , Sam ( December 26 , 1984 ) . `` King Scores Knick - Record 60 Points in Loss to Nets '' . The New York Times . p . D9 . Jump up ^ `` ' It Was Like Living in a Video Game ' : An Oral History of Larry Bird 's 60 - Point Game '' . archive.boston.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Nosedive Persists For Nets '' . The New York Times . March 25 , 1990 . p . S4 . Jump up ^ `` Suns ' Chambers lights up Sonics for 60 points '' . Chicago Tribune . March 25 , 1990 . p . C15 . Jump up ^ `` On This Day In History ( 3.24. 90 ) Tom Chambers scored a franchise high 60 points vs the Sonics '' . Ballislife.com . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` Chambers Lights It Up '' . www.nba.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Three - time scoring champ hits career high '' . ESPN.com . February 12 , 2005 . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Orlando Magic @ Philadelphia 76ers - Saturday , February 12th , 2005 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Washington Wizards @ Los Angeles Lakers - Sunday , December 17th , 2006 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Los Angeles Lakers @ Memphis Grizzlies - Thursday , March 22nd , 2007 '' . NBA.com . Retrieved May 6 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Jazz vs. Lakers - Box Score - April 13 , 2016 '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Kobe scores 60 in unbelievable farewell victory '' . NBA.com . Retrieved 4 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pacers vs. Warriors - Box Score - December 5 , 2016 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Magic vs. Rockets - Box Score - January 30 , 2018 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 30 . External links ( edit ) Top single - game scorers ( 60 - plus ) from NBA.com NBA Almanac : Most Points Historical NBA Box Scores Wilt Chamberlain Career Retrospective Harvey Pollack 's Statistical Yearbook ( hide ) National Basketball Association statistical leaders Players Career Regular season Points Franchise Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Seasons Games Minutes Playoffs Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Turnovers Three - point field goals Free throws Games Minutes Annual Points Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Minutes Field goal percentage Three - point field goals Three - point field goal percentage Free throw percentage Season Points Rookie Rebounds Rookie Game Points Playoffs Rebounds Assists Steals Blocks Misc Tallest players Shortest players Oldest and youngest players Highest - paid players Teams Winningest teams Winning streaks Losing streaks Misc Highest - scoring games Records Regular season Playoffs All - Star Game Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_National_Basketball_Association_single-game_scoring_leaders&oldid=827553908 '' Categories : National Basketball Association statistical leaders Hidden categories : Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 25 February 2018 , at 11 : 02 . About Wikipedia | most points in one nba game single player | ['This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history. Twenty-five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962.'] | ['100'] | This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history. Twenty-five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962. |
[question]: What is the most points scored in a single NBA game?
[answer]: The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | What is the most points scored in a single NBA game? | The most points scored in a single NBA game is 100, achieved by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962. | 1 | 7.600096 | 17 | 66 | 1 |
12,022 | -3,225,234,552,382,106,600 | Cinque Terre | Cinque Terre - wikipedia Cinque Terre Cinque Terre UNESCO World Heritage site A view of the National Park of the Cinque Terre , showing Riomaggiore , one of the five coastal villages Location Liguria , Italy Part of `` Cinque Terre and Portovenere '' part of Portovenere , Cinque Terre , and the Islands ( Palmaria , Tino and Tinetto ) Includes Monterosso al Mare Vernazza Corniglia Manarola Riomaggiore Criteria Cultural : ( ii ) ( iv ) ( v ) Reference 826 - 001 Inscription 1997 ( 21st Session ) Area 4,511.54 ha ( 17.4192 sq mi ) Website www.parconazionale5terre.it/Eindex.php Coordinates 44 ° 7 ′ 10 '' N 9 ° 43 ′ 00 '' E / 44.11944 ° N 9.71667 ° E / 44.11944 ; 9.71667 Coordinates : 44 ° 7 ′ 10 '' N 9 ° 43 ′ 00 '' E / 44.11944 ° N 9.71667 ° E / 44.11944 ; 9.71667 Location of Cinque Terre in Italy . The Cinque Terre ( Italian pronunciation : ( ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre ) ; Ligurian : Çinque Tære , meaning `` Five Lands '' ) is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera . It is in the region Liguria , in the northwest of Italy , to the west of the city of La Spezia , and comprises five villages : Monterosso al Mare , Vernazza , Corniglia , Manarola , and Riomaggiore . The coastline , the five villages , and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Over the centuries , people have carefully built terraces on the rugged , steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea . Part of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development . Paths , trains and boats connect the villages , and cars can not reach them from the outside . The Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination . The villages of Cinque Terre were severely affected by torrential rains which caused floods and mudslides on October 25 , 2011 . Nine people were confirmed killed by the floods , and damage to the villages , particularly Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare , was extensive . Contents 1 History 2 Transport and tourism 3 Culture 3.1 Literature 3.2 Cinema 4 Food and wine 5 Preservation 6 Neighbouring towns 7 Sister cities 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History ( edit ) The first historical documents on Cinque Terre date back to the 11th century . Monterosso and Vernazza sprang up first , while the other villages grew later , under military and political supremacy of the Republic of Genoa . In the 16th century , to oppose the attacks by the Turks , the inhabitants reinforced the old forts and built new defense towers . From the year 1600 , Cinque Terre experienced a decline which reversed only in the 19th century , thanks to the construction of the Military Arsenal of La Spezia and to the building of the railway line between Genoa and La Spezia . The railway allowed the inhabitants to escape their isolation , but also brought about abandonment of traditional activities . The consequence was an increase in poverty which pushed many to emigrate abroad , at least up to the 1970s , when the development of tourism brought back wealth . Contrary to the common belief that house colors originated to distinguish the fisherman 's houses , they were not painted until the late 1970s . The only village that used fishing as its main industry was Monterosso . The locals lived off vineyards and olive cultivation . Transport and tourism ( edit ) There are few roads into the Cinque Terre towns that are accessible by car : the one into Vernazza is open as of June 2012 , but very narrow at many places . It leads to a parking area a kilometre from town . Local trains from La Spezia to Genoa and the rest of the region 's network connect the villages of Cinque Terre . Intercity trains also connect them to Milan , Rome , Turin and Tuscany . The Cinque Terre tracks run most of the distance in tunnels between Riomaggiore and Monterosso . The Cinque Terre trains connect the La Spezia train station to all five towns . Unlimited day passes are available for tourists , and the trip from one village to another is five minutes or less . A passenger ferry runs between the five villages , except Corniglia . The ferry enters Cinque Terre from Genoa 's Old Harbour and La Spezia , Lerici , or Porto Venere . A walking trail , known as Sentiero Azzurro ( `` Azure Trail '' ) , used to connect the five villages but the section from Riomaggiore to Manarola called the Via dell'Amore ( `` Love Walk '' ) is closed . It is still possible to walk between these villages , although the trail is both steeper and longer than the ( closed ) path along the waterfront . Culture ( edit ) Literature ( edit ) Limoni The little path that winds down along the slope plunges through cane - tufts and opens suddenly into the orchard among the moss - green trunks of the lemon trees . ( ... ) -- Eugenio Montale From the poem , `` The Lemons '' , 1921 . This is how the Nobel Prize in Literature Eugenio Montale , through his poetry , tells of the beauty of Monterosso and how the Cinque Terre must be discovered . The Cinque Terre were not only a source of inspiration for Eugenio Montale but for many others as : Dante Alighieri who compare the Cinque Terre with the rugged cliff of Purgatory in the Divine Comedy . Boccaccio in the Tenth Day of the second novel in the Decameron : ( ... ) e allora in una tovagliuola bianchissima gli portò due fette di pane arrostito e un gran bicchiere di vernaccia da Corniglia ( ... ) Gabriele D'Annunzio in his work Faville del Maglio cite the DOC white wine ' Sciachetrà ' : ... quel fiero Sciacchetrà che si pigia nelle cinque pampinose terre . Cinema ( edit ) In 2013 Cinque Terre was one of the shooting locations of the movie The Wolf of Wall Street by Martin Scorsese . Food and wine ( edit ) Main article : Cinque Terre DOC This section entitled Food and Wine needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Given its location on the Mediterranean , seafood is plentiful in the local cuisine . Anchovies of Monterosso are a local specialty designated with a Protected Designation of Origin status from the European Union . The mountainsides of the Cinque Terre are heavily terraced and are used to cultivate grapes and olives . This area , and the region of Liguria , as a whole , is known for pesto , a sauce made from basil leaves , garlic , salt , olive oil , pine nuts and pecorino cheese . Focaccia is a particularly common locally baked bread product . Farinata , a typical snack found in bakeries and pizzerias , is a savoury and crunchy pancake made from a base of chick pea flour . The town of Corniglia is particularly popular for a gelato made from local honey ( miele di Corniglia ) . The grapes of the Cinque Terre are used to produce two locally made wines . The eponymous Cinque Terre and the Sciachetrà are both made using Bosco , Albarola , and Vermentino grapes . Both wines are produced by the Cooperative Agricoltura di Cinque Terre , located between Manarola and Volastra . Other DOC producers are Forlini - Capellini , Walter de Batté , Buranco , Arrigoni . In addition to wines , other popular local drinks include grappa , a brandy made with the pomace left from winemaking , and limoncello , a sweet liqueur flavored with lemons . Preservation ( edit ) In 1998 , the Italian Ministry for the Environment set up the Protected natural marine area Cinque Terre to protect the natural environment and to promote socio - economic development compatible with the natural landscape of the area . In 1999 the Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre was created to conserve the ecological balance , protect the landscape , and safeguard the anthropological values of the location . Nevertheless , dwindling interest in cultivation and maintenance of the terrace walls posed a long - term threat to the site , which was for this reason included in the 2000 and 2002 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund . The organization secured grants from American Express to support a study of the conservation of Cinque Terre . Following the study , a site management plan was created . Neighbouring towns ( edit ) Bonassola La Spezia Lerici Levanto Porto Venere Sarzana Volastra Sister cities ( edit ) Southland District , New Zealand Gallery ( edit ) Cinque Terre Monterosso al Mare Vernazza Corniglia Manarola Riomaggiore See also ( edit ) Asteroid 273994 Cinqueterre Liguria wine References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Squires , Nick ( 26 October 2011 ) . `` Villages all but wiped out as storms batter Italy 's ' Cinque Terre ' '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 6 August 2012 . Jump up ^ https://www.walksofitaly.com/blog/cinque-terre/train Jump up ^ The Lemon Trees - Eugenio Montale Jump up ^ Eugenio Montale and the Literary Park Jump up ^ Testo del Decameron - Wikisource Jump up ^ books.google.com , Introduzione alla Guida gastronomica Jump up ^ Italy through its film sets Jump up ^ Rick Steves ' Best of Europe Jump up ^ Istituzione dell'area naturale marina protetta denominata `` Cinque Terre '' Archived 2008 - 12 - 01 at the Wayback Machine . ( G.U. della Repubblica Italiana n . 48 del 27 febbraio 1998 ) Jump up ^ Istituzione del Parco nazionale delle Cinque Terre Archived 2009 - 02 - 27 at the Wayback Machine . ( G.U. 17 dicembre 1999 , n . 295 ) Jump up ^ World Monuments Fund - Cinque Terre External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinque Terre . Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cinque Terre . Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre official site Official UNESCO Photo gallery World Heritage Sites in Italy Northwest Crespi d'Adda Genoa Ivrea Mantua and Sabbioneta Monte San Giorgio Porto Venere , Palmaria , Tino and Tinetto , Cinque Terre Corniglia Manarola Monterosso al Mare Riomaggiore Vernazza Residences of the Royal House of Savoy Castle of Moncalieri Castle of Racconigi Castle of Rivoli Castello del Valentino Royal Palace of Turin Palazzo Carignano Palazzo Madama , Turin Palace of Venaria Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi Villa della Regina Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes Rock Drawings in Valcamonica Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy Santa Maria delle Grazie , Milan Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont : Langhe - Roero and Monferrato Northeast Aquileia The Dolomites Ferrara Modena Cathedral , Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande , Modena Orto botanico di Padova Ravenna Venice Verona City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto Central Assisi Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia Florence Hadrian 's Villa Medici villas Piazza del Duomo , Pisa Pienza Rome San Gimignano Siena Urbino Val d'Orcia Villa d'Este South Alberobello Amalfi Coast Castel del Monte , Apulia Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park , Paestum and Velia , Certosa di Padula Herculaneum Oplontis and Villa Poppaea Naples Palace of Caserta , Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and San Leucio Complex Pompeii Sassi di Matera Islands Aeolian Islands Arab - Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale Archaeological Area of Agrigento Barumini nuraghes Mount Etna Syracuse and Necropolis of Pantalica Val di Noto Caltagirone Catania Militello in Val di Catania Modica Noto Palazzolo Acreide Ragusa Scicli Villa Romana del Casale Countrywide Longobards in Italy , Places of Power ( 568 -- 774 A.D. ) Brescia Cividale del Friuli Castelseprio Spoleto Temple of Clitumnus located at Campello sul Clitunno Santa Sofia located at Benevento Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo located at Monte Sant'Angelo Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps Primeval Beech Forests of Europe Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries Bergamo Palmanova Peschiera del Garda Shared with Switzerland Shared with the Holy See Shared with Austria , France , Germany , Slovenia , and Switzerland Shared with Albania , Austria , Belgium , Bulgaria , Croatia , Germany , Poland , Romania , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain and Ukraine Shared with Croatia and Montenegro Liguria Comuni of the Province of La Spezia Ameglia Arcola Beverino Bolano Bonassola Borghetto di Vara Brugnato Calice al Cornoviglio Carro Carrodano Castelnuovo Magra Deiva Marina Follo Framura La Spezia Lerici Levanto Luni Maissana Monterosso al Mare Pignone Porto Venere Riccò del Golfo di Spezia Riomaggiore Rocchetta di Vara Santo Stefano di Magra Sarzana Sesta Godano Varese Ligure Vernazza Vezzano Ligure Zignago Liguria Provinces and places Genoa Imperia La Spezia Savona Cinque Terre Riviera di Levante Riviera di Ponente History Ligures Republic of Genoa Genoese colonies Doge of Genoa Ligurian Republic Duchy of Genoa Duke of Genoa Kingdom of Sardinia Monarchs of Sardinia Politics and government Elections in Liguria List of Presidents of Liguria Education and culture Cuisine Wine Flag Categories GND : 4219199 - 3 VIAF : 248605475 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinque_Terre&oldid=848911470 '' Categories : Coasts of Italy Italian Riviera Ligurian Sea Province of La Spezia Coastal towns in Liguria Hiking trails in Italy Wine regions of Italy World Heritage Sites in Italy Tourist attractions in Liguria Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Ligurian - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014 Articles containing Italian - language text Articles needing additional references from March 2010 All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Ligure Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Piemontèis Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 29 more Edit links This page was last edited on 5 July 2018 , at 05 : 54 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where is cinque terre on map of italy | ['The Cinque Terre (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre]; Ligurian: Çinque Tære, meaning "Five Lands") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n'] | ['in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia'] | The Cinque Terre (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃiŋkwe ˈtɛrre]; Ligurian: Çinque Tære, meaning "Five Lands") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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[question]: What is the name of the five villages in the Cinque Terre National Park?
[answer]: The five villages in the Cinque Terre National Park are: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. | What is the name of the five villages in the Cinque Terre National Park? | The five villages in the Cinque Terre National Park are: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. | 1 | 7.579981 | 18 | 80 | 1 |
3,095 | 8,801,042,021,474,587,000 | A Prairie Home Companion | A Prairie Home Companion - Wikipedia A Prairie Home Companion This article is about the historic radio show hosted by Garrison Keillor . For the current radio show hosted by Chris Thile , see Live from Here . For the film , see A Prairie Home Companion ( film ) . A Prairie Home Companion Keillor and cast during a live production of A Prairie Home Companion in 2007 Genre Comedy -- music variety Running time 2 hours Country of origin United States Language ( s ) English Home station Minnesota Public Radio Syndicates American Public Media Starring Garrison Keillor ( 1974 - 1987 , 1992 - 2016 ) Sue Scott Tim Russell Fred Newman Produced by Garrison Keillor Original release July 6 , 1974 -- July 1 , 2016 Opening theme Tishomingo Blues Website prairiehome.org A Prairie Home Companion is a weekly radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor that aired live from 1974 to 2016 . In 2016 , musician Chris Thile took over as host , and the successor show was eventually renamed Live from Here . A Prairie Home Companion aired on Saturdays from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul , Minnesota ; it was also frequently heard on tours to New York City and other US cities . The show is known for its musical guests , especially folk and traditional musicians , tongue - in - cheek radio drama , and relaxed humor . Keillor 's wry storytelling segment , `` News from Lake Wobegon '' , was the show 's best - known feature during his long tenure . Distributed by Minnesota Public Radio 's distribution arm , American Public Media , A Prairie Home Companion was heard on 690 public radio stations in the United States at its peak in spring 2015 and reached an audience of four million U.S. listeners each week . The show borrowed its name from a radio program in existence in 1969 that was named after the Prairie Home Cemetery near Concordia College , in Moorhead , Minnesota . It inspired a 2006 film of the same name , written by Keillor , directed by Robert Altman , and featuring Keillor , Kevin Kline , Lily Tomlin , Meryl Streep , and Lindsay Lohan . Contents 1 History 1.1 Origin 1.2 Hiatus 1.3 Return and final years 1.4 Guest hosts 1.5 Keillor 's departure 1.6 Name change 1.7 Planned archive 2 Format 2.1 Features 2.2 News from Lake Wobegon 2.3 Fictional sponsors 2.4 Alterations 3 Cast 3.1 Actors 3.2 Sound effects artists 3.3 Musicians 4 Production staff 5 Film 6 LP / CD releases 6.1 Stories from Lake Wobegon 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links History ( edit ) Origin ( edit ) The Saturday - evening show was a partial spin - off of A Prairie Home Morning Show with Keillor and Tom Keith , which ran from 6 to 9 a.m. on Minnesota Public Radio and was continued by Keith and Dale Connelly for many years as The Morning Show . After researching the Grand Ole Opry for an article , Keillor became interested in doing a variety show on the radio . On July 6 , 1974 , the first live broadcast of A Prairie Home Companion took place . That show was broadcast from St. Paul in the Janet Wallace Auditorium of Macalester College . Twelve audience members turned out , mostly children . The second episode featured the first performance on the show by Butch Thompson , who became house pianist . Thompson stayed with the program until 1986 and still frequently performs on the show . In 1978 , the show moved into the World Theater in St. Paul , which Minnesota Public Radio purchased and renovated in 1986 and renamed the Fitzgerald Theater in 1994 . This is the same venue the program uses today . Hiatus ( edit ) The show went off the air in 1987 , with a `` final performance '' on June 13 , and Keillor married and spent some time abroad during the following two years . For a brief time , the show was replaced -- both on the air and in the World Theater -- by Good Evening , hosted by Noah Adams , a live variety show designed by ex-Prairie Home and All Things Considered staffers to retain the audience Keillor had cultivated over the years . However , many stations opted instead to continue APHC repeats in its traditional Saturday time slot . In 1989 , Keillor returned to radio with The American Radio Company of the Air ( renamed Garrison Keillor 's American Radio Company in its second season ) , broadcast originally from the Brooklyn Academy of Music . The new program featured a broadly similar format to A Prairie Home Companion , with sketches and musical guests reflecting a more New York sensibility , rather than the country and folk music predominant in APHC . Also , while Keillor sang and delivered a regular monologue on American Radio Company , Lake Wobegon was initially downplayed , as he felt it was `` cruel '' to talk to a Brooklyn audience about life in a small town . During this period , Keillor revived the full APHC format only for `` annual farewell performances '' . In the fall of 1992 , Keillor returned to the World Theater with ARC for the majority of the season , with Lake Wobegon and other APHC elements gradually but unmistakably returning to prominence . Return and final years ( edit ) A Prairie Home Companion at the 2011 Minnesota State Fair The following year , on October 2 , 1993 , the program officially reverted to the A Prairie Home Companion name and format . While many of the episodes originated from St. Paul , the show often traveled to other cities around the U.S. and overseas for its live weekly broadcasts . Common road venues included The Town Hall in New York City ; Tanglewood in Lenox , Massachusetts ; Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts in Vienna , Virginia ; Ryman Auditorium in Nashville , Tennessee ; the Greek Theater in Los Angeles ; and the State Theater in Minneapolis . It also broadcast a show each year from the Minnesota State Fair . The show was originally distributed nationally by Minnesota Public Radio in association with Public Radio International . Later , its distributor was Minnesota Public Radio 's distribution unit , American Public Media . Guest hosts ( edit ) Thile as guest host in 2016 Singer Sara Watkins of San Diego , California hosted the January 15 , 2011 , broadcast . The format was the same , but Keillor appeared only as a guest actor and to deliver the News from Lake Wobegon . He claimed he had taken the chance to see the show being performed for himself . It was reported that this could be the beginning of a trend toward Keillor 's eventual retirement , and on March 16 , 2011 , Keillor stated in an interview with the AARP that he would most likely retire from the show by the time he turned 70 in August 2012 . On January 29 , 2011 , Erica Rhodes expressed frustration over not being picked to guest host . In September 2011 , Keillor told The Tuscaloosa News that his last broadcast would be recorded in `` early July 2013 '' , and that instead of a permanent replacement host , there will be `` a whole group of people . A rotation of hosts '' , but in December 2011 Keillor said he had changed his mind and reconsidered his plans to retire because he still enjoyed hosting the show . On February 7 and 14 , 2015 , mandolinist Chris Thile hosted the show ( like Sara Watkins , a member of Nickel Creek ) . As when Watkins hosted , the format remained largely unchanged , but Keillor did not make an appearance . Instead , storyteller Tristan Jimerson appeared on the February 7 show and comedian / storyteller Elna Baker on the February 14 show . Thile 's band Punch Brothers performed on the February 7 show . Thile was named permanent host of the show in late June 2015 . Keillor 's last show as host was recorded on July 1 , 2016 , and broadcast the following day . Thile took over as permanent host on October 15 , 2016 . Keillor 's departure ( edit ) Wikinews has related news : ' 42 - year detour ' ends : Garrison Keillor homeward bound When Keillor formally announced his departure from APHC at the show 's airing on July 21 , 2015 , he indicated that Thile would succeed him as permanent host in 2016 . Keillor recorded his final episode as host live at the Hollywood Bowl before an audience of 18,000 , on July 1 , 2016 ; it was aired on the following day . The episode was titled `` Sumus Quod Sumus '' ( Latin for `` We are what we are '' ) , and was a vocal duet show of `` time - honored American ballads , British Invasion romps , country - western weepers , and Broadway classics , '' guest - starring Sara Watkins , Sarah Jarosz , Aoife O'Donovan , Heather Masse , and Christine DiGiallonardo , alongside the `` Royal Academy of Radio Actors , '' Tim Russell , Sue Scott , and Fred Newman , and the APHC ' band , with music director and pianist Rich Dworsky and Bernie Dresel ( drums ) , Larry Kohut ( bass ) , Richard Kriehn ( mandolin and fiddle ) , and Chris Siebold ( guitar ) . Barack Obama recorded a telephone call into the show , which ran on the Saturday broadcast , and Keillor performed his last `` Lives of the Cowboys '' sketch as regular host , with regulars Scott , Russell , and Newman , and including a series of duets with the guests Masse , O'Donovan , Jarosz , DiGiallonardo , and Watkins . As well , he performed his last `` News from Lake Wobegon '' segment , with its final closing description of the fictional town , where `` all the women are strong , all the men are good - looking , and all the children are above average . '' Thile made his debut as permanent host on October 15 , 2016 . Name change ( edit ) On November 29 , 2017 , Minnesota Public Radio terminated its contract with Keillor because of `` allegations of his inappropriate behavior with an individual who worked with him . '' Because Keillor still owned artistic rights and the trademark to the show 's name , MPR also announced that it would change the name , which was announced as Live from Here live on the December 16 , 2017 broadcast of the show . MPR also announced it would cease distributing reruns of A Prairie Home Companion featuring Keillor . Keillor stated he had been `` fired '' from MPR , but he had technically not been employed by MPR / APM since 2002 , working instead as an independent contractor . Planned archive ( edit ) On April 13 , 2018 , Minnesota Public Radio posted a message stating its intent to reinstate the online archives of A Prairie Home Companion and The Writer 's Almanac : Minnesota Public Radio has reached an agreement with Garrison Keillor to restore free public access to the online archives of A Prairie Home Companion and The Writer 's Almanac . Later this month , past performances of these popular shows will be returned to their respective websites : prairiehome.org and writersalmanac.org . MPR will pay $275,000 for Mr. Keillor 's rights related to these historic archives and to resolve all other matters . `` These archives feature the work of thousands of talented artists , poets and musicians , '' said Jon McTaggart , president and CEO of Minnesota Public Radio and American Public Media Group . `` We are pleased that these performances will once again be available to fans of these programs . '' Format ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) On Air sign at the Fitzgerald Theater From the show 's inception until 1987 , its theme song was Hank Snow 's hit `` Hello Love '' . After 1987 , each show has opened with Spencer Williams ' composition `` Tishomingo Blues '' as the theme song , with lyrics written especially for A Prairie Home Companion . Music is a main feature of the program ; the show is a significant outlet for American folk music of many genres , especially country , bluegrass , blues , and gospel , but it also has guest performers from a wide variety of other styles of music , including classical , opera , and music from a number of different countries . The country musician and former record company executive Chet Atkins has appeared on the show many times , as have singer - songwriters Mark Knopfler ( lead guitarist and frontman of the bands Dire Straits and the Notting Hillbillies ) and Jeff Lang . Folk / gospel duo Robin and Linda Williams have been regular guests since 1976 , and often join Keillor and another female performer , often Jearlyn Steele , to form `` The Hopeful Gospel Quartet '' . Peter Ostroushko , Greg Brown , Jean Redpath , and Prudence Johnson , among others , were recurring guests on the program between 1974 and 1987 . The Wailin ' Jennys and Andra Suchy are current recurring guests , and when the show travels , Keillor generally features local musicians and acts . Greetings from members of the audience to friends and family at home ( frequently humorous ) are read each week by Keillor just after the show 's intermission , at the top of the second hour . Birthdays and anniversaries of famous composers and musicians are also observed . Features ( edit ) The Rhubarb Sisters singing during taping of the show Keillor and the ensemble performed comedy skits . Notable skits and characters often recur , such as the satirical `` Guy Noir , Private Eye '' , which parodied film noir and radio dramas . Guy Noir 's popularity was such that the first few notes of the theme or the first lines of the announcer 's introduction ( `` A dark night in a city that knows how to keep its secrets ... '' ) often drew applause and cheers from the audience . Also regularly featured were the adventures of Dusty and Lefty , `` The Lives of the Cowboys '' . News from Lake Wobegon ( edit ) One of the show 's best - known features was Keillor 's `` News from Lake Wobegon '' , a weekly storytelling monologue , claiming to be a report from his fictitious hometown of Lake Wobegon , `` the little town that time forgot and the decades can not improve ... where all the women are strong , all the men are good - looking , and all the children are above average '' . The opening words of the monologue usually did not change : `` Well , it 's been a quiet week in Lake Wobegon , Minnesota , my hometown , out on the edge of the prairie . '' Keillor often poked fun at central Minnesota 's large Scandinavian - American and German - American communities , and many of his fictional characters have names that reflect this . The `` News from Lake Wobegon '' did not have a set structure , but featured recurring characters and places such as the Chatterbox Café , the Sidetrack Tap , Pastor Ingqvist of the Lake Wobegon Lutheran Church and his successor Pastor Liz , Father Emil of Our Lady of Perpetual Responsibility Roman Catholic Church ( a parody of Our Mother of Perpetual Help ) , the Lake Wobegon Whippets sports teams , various members of the Bunsen and Krebsbach families , and an assortment of nearby `` Norwegian bachelor farmers '' . Once a year the program featured a special `` joke show '' , which generally included the Lake Wobegon monologue and musical acts , but with other skits replaced by the performers taking turns telling jokes . Humorists such as Paula Poundstone and Roy Blount Jr. often made guest appearances on those shows , and listeners and audience members were encouraged to submit jokes for use on the air . In - jokes are also sprinkled through the show , such as `` Piscacadawadaquoddymoggin '' , a made - up word that 's been used both for places and for people 's names . The components of this made - up word are portions of Native American place names in the New England region of the United States , most of them in Maine ( i.e. : Piscataqua , Passamaquoddy , and Androscoggin ) . Fictional sponsors ( edit ) A sign for `` Guy 's Shoes '' , one of A Prairie Home Companion 's fictitious sponsors . The show creates fictional advertisements for fictional products , performed in the style of live old - time radio commercials . The show acknowledges its actual underwriters at the beginning , end , and middle ( break ) of the show . Prairie Home 's most prominent `` sponsor '' is the fictitious `` Powdermilk Biscuits '' . Before he and the band performed the product 's jingle every week ( `` Has your family tried ' em , Powdermilk ? '' ) , Garrison Keillor would extol Powdermilk 's virtues in this way : `` Heavens they 're tasty , and expeditious . Give shy persons the strength they need to get up and do what needs to be done . Made from whole wheat raised by Norwegian bachelor farmers , so you know they 're not only good for you , they 're pure , mostly . Get ' em in the bright blue box with a picture of a biscuit on the front , or ready - made in the brown bag with the dark stains that indicate freshness . '' Among its other `` sponsors '' , Bebop - A-Reebop Rhubarb Pie ( and Frozen Rhubarb Pie Filling ) has been prominent , with ads featuring the Bebop - A-Reebop jingle , performed to the tune of `` Shortnin ' Bread '' : One little thing can revive a guy And that is a piece of rhubarb pie Serve it up , nice and hot Maybe things are n't as bad as you thought Momma 's little baby loves rhubarb , rhubarb Bebopareebop rhubarb pie . The jingle is usually sung after a bombastic , sound - effect - enhanced tale of woe , and is immediately followed by Keillor asking , `` Would n't this be a great time for a piece of rhubarb pie ? Yes , nothing gets the taste of shame and humiliation out of your mouth quite like Bebop - A-Reebop Rhubarb Pie . '' Other prominent `` sponsors '' include Bertha 's Kitty Boutique , whose locations in the fictional `` Dales '' shopping centers ( `` Roy ' n ' Dale , Airedale , Teasdale , Clydesdale , Chippendale , Mondale , and all the other fine shopping centers '' ) allude to various real people and things , and The Catchup Advisory Board -- its name a mashup of the common `` catsup '' and `` ketchup '' spellings -- which has the tagline `` Catchup : For the good times . '' Other `` sponsors '' have included : Café Boeuf , a fictionally and exceptionally snobbish French restaurant in Lake Wobegon `` where the elite meet to eat '' Guy 's Shoes -- purveyor of Guy 's All - Star Shoes , the Converse - like sponsor of the Shoe Band , which specializes in steel - toed shoes ( `` so even when you strike out ( ping ! ) you can walk away '' ) The American Duct Tape Council The American Society of Sound Effects Specialists Bob 's Bank ( `` Save at the sign of the sock '' , `` Neither a borrower nor a lender be '' ) The Bon Marché Beauty Salon Earl 's Academy of Accents The Fearmonger 's Shop , a purveyor of security devices for the perpetually paranoid The Federation of Associated Organizations Fred Farrell Animal Calls Fritz Electronics ( `` Where everything you need is on the Fritz '' ; a possible parody of Muntz Electronics ) Jack 's Auto Repair and Jack 's Warm Car Service ( `` All tracks lead to Jack 's , where the bright shining lights show you the way to complete satisfaction '' ) Marvin and Mavis Smiley seasonal bluegrass albums Midwestern Discount Store Monback Moving & Storage , in which a mover can be heard directing a moving truck to back up ( hence the name ) while the truck 's backup alarm can be heard beeping ( `` Monback ... Monback ... ( crunch ) That 's good . '' ) Mournful Oatmeal , a parody of Quaker Oats ( `` Calvinism in a box '' ) The Professional Organization of English Majors ( P.O.E.M. ) Ralph 's Pretty Good Grocery ( `` If you ca n't find it at Ralph 's , you can probably get along without it '' ) Raw Bits breakfast cereal , a cereal for a select small target audience ( `` Oat hulls and wheat chaff -- it 's not for everybody '' ) Rent - a-Raptor ( `` Rid your home of mice , rabbits , squirrels , and pesky boyfriends '' ) The Sidetrack Tap In addition , the recurring segment `` The Lives of the Cowboys '' featured its own Western - themed sponsors , including Prairie Dog Granola Bars ( `` healthier than chewing tobacco and you do n't have to spit '' ) and Cowboy Toothpicks ( `` the toothpick that 's guaranteed not to splinter '' ) . Alterations ( edit ) While much of the show is directed toward radio comedy , a portion is usually devoted to some more sentimental and sometimes dark stories put together by Keillor and others . The program occasionally also features political satire . At the beginning of the June 5 , 2004 , show ( broadcast from Meadowbrook Musical Arts Center in Gilford , New Hampshire ) , Keillor announced that former U.S. President Ronald Reagan had died . A member of the audience hooted and cheered loudly , but Keillor , a staunch Democrat , gave the Republican Reagan a warm tribute in the form of a gospel song . Similarly , in a 2002 show airing the weekend after the death of Senator Paul Wellstone , Keillor changed the format of the show , starting it off with Wellstone 's favorite segment , Guy Noir , skipping even the show 's theme song . Cast ( edit ) Rich Dworsky playing piano on a live broadcast in 2015 Actors ( edit ) Regularly appearing actors include Tim Russell ( beginning in 1994 ) and Sue Scott ( beginning in 1989 ) . When the show resumed as The American Radio Company of the Air in November 1989 , radio comedian Bob Elliott , half of the longtime radio and comedy television duo Bob and Ray , became a regular cast member . Actor Bill Perry was a member . Walter Bobbie made frequent appearances , as early as 1989 , and continuing through 2006 - 2007 . Ivy Austin was a regular contributing comedian ( and vocalist ) in the early ' 90s . Prudence Johnson has performed frequently on the show as an actress ( and a singer ) . Mark Benninghofer joined the cast as a substitute actor for a brief time after Russell broke his ankle in February 2009 , forcing him to take a month of medical leave . Erica Rhodes has been an occasional guest on the show , beginning in 1996 when she was 10 years old . Serena Brook joined the cast in October 2016 when Chris Thile became host . Sound effects artists ( edit ) Tom Keith , also known as Jim Ed Poole , appeared in all of the home - based shows . Keith died on October 30 , 2011 , at age 64 . Fred Newman filled this role in the away shows . Steve Kramer and Leslye Orr have also provided sound effects for the show . Musicians ( edit ) Regular musicians in Guy 's All - Star Shoe Band include Richard Dworsky , a composer who appeared weekly as pianist , bandleader , and music director , Gary Raynor on bass and bass guitar , Peter Johnson on percussion , Jevetta Steele on vocals , and Andy Stein on violin , tenor and bass saxophones , and vocals . When the Shoe Band had a horn section , Keillor referred to them as the Shoe Horns . Other frequent , occasional , former , or one - time musicians on the show include : Pat Donohue -- acoustic and steel guitars , vocals Peter Ostroushko -- mandolin , acoustic guitar , fiddle Randy Sandke -- trumpet , piano , keyboards Vince Giordano -- bass saxophone , tuba ( also band leader of the Nighthawks Orchestra , a Brooklyn - based jazz - style brass band ) Butch Thompson -- clarinet ( also appears as a frequent guest pianist ) George `` Red '' Maddock - drums ( deceased from lung cancer in 1986 ) Greg Brown -- harmonica and electric , acoustic , and steel guitars Cindy Cashdollar -- dobro , steel and acoustic guitars Roswell Rudd -- trombone ( only appeared once ) Marc Anderson -- drums , percussion Johnny Gimble - fiddle , mandolin , vocals , skits ( died 2015 ) Buddy Emmons -- dobro , steel guitar , vocals ( died 2015 ) Charlie Parr -- steel guitar , vocals Tim Sparks -- guitar Bill Staines -- acoustic guitar , vocals Elana James -- fiddle , vocals Philip Brunelle -- piano , organ , vocals John Koerner -- acoustic guitar , vocals Dean Magraw -- acoustic guitar , vocals Dan Barrett -- trumpet , cornet Sam Bush -- mandolin , banjo , vocals Mike Craver -- acoustic guitar , vocals Molly Mason -- bass , acoustic guitar , vocals Dick Hyman -- keyboards , organ , piano Howard Levy -- harmonica , acoustic guitar Scott Robinson -- trombone , French horn Stuart Duncan -- fiddle , vocals Dave Bargeron -- trombone , French horn Rob Fisher -- piano , organ , vocals J.T. Bates -- drums , percussion Joe Ely -- guitar Andra Suchy -- vocals , guitar Heather Masse of The Wailin ' Jennys -- vocals Sara Watkins ( of Nickel Creek ) -- vocals , fiddle , ukulele Maria Jette -- vocals Janet Sorensen -- vocals Lynn Peterson -- vocals Sarah Jarosz -- vocals , mandolin , banjo , guitar Aoife O'Donovan -- vocals Christine DiGiallonardo -- vocals Bill Hinkley Judy Larson Joel Guzman Production Staff ( edit ) Production staff , who work onstage , offstage , backstage , or behind the scenes , are led by Albert Webster , the show 's stage manager , the only staff person who appears in front of large audiences , and who frequently appears onstage during performance , speaking off - air with Keillor or other performers . Film ( edit ) Main article : A Prairie Home Companion ( film ) Released on June 9 , 2006 , A Prairie Home Companion is a film about `` a dying radio show that bears striking similarities to ' A Prairie Home Companion , ' '' with the actual APHC home venue , the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul chosen to serve `` as set piece , soundstage and framing device '' . The film was written by Garrison Keillor and directed by Robert Altman , and shot digitally , with camera by Altman 's son , Robert Altman Jr. ; the film stars Keillor , Meryl Streep , Tommy Lee Jones , Lily Tomlin , Kevin Kline , John C. Reilly , Lindsay Lohan , Maya Rudolph , Woody Harrelson , Virginia Madsen , and L.Q. Jones . APHC regular Rich Dworsky appears as the bandleader , and served as the film 's pianist , conductor , arranger , and composer . The film depicts the unnamed radio program 's behind - the - scenes activities , and the relational dynamics within the cast over its anticipated , imminent cancellation . The antagonist , Axeman , `` who has come to shut the show down '' , is played by Tommy Lee Jones . As described in a 2005 on - set piece by David Carr for The New York Times , the film set 's atmosphere had a kind of Spanky and Our Gang let 's - put - on - a-show quality , with crew , marquee talent and `` Prairie Home '' acolytes and extras mixing freely . The dailies , the traditional day 's - end look at finished footage , usually include ( d ) about 75 people , a vivid reminder of Mr. Altman 's penchant for collaborative filmmaking . And because music is such an important part of the movie and the radio show , the set always seem ( ed ) to be lifted by the pluck of a mandolin or a three - part harmony rehearsal . The film , which makes no reference to Lake Wobegon , is of feature length , with its financing provided by GreeneStreet Films , River Road Entertainment , and local Minnesota sources . Its award nominations ( 2006 , unless noted ) include the Berlin International Film Festival - Golden Bear award for best film , the National Association of Film Critics - Bodil Award for Best American Film , the Film Independent ( film association ) Independent Spirit Award for Best Director , the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay , the International Press Academy - Satellite Awards for Best Adapted Screenplay , the Independent Filmmaker Project - Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Ensemble Performance , the Broadcast Film Critics Association - Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Cast , and the Casting Society of America - Artios Award for Best Casting for Feature Film ( Comedy ) ; its wins include the Yomiuri Shimbun ( film association ) Hochi Film Award ( 2007 ) for Best Foreign Film . In addition , Meryl Streep was nominated for an International Press Academy - Satellite Awards for Best Supporting Actress ( Motion Picture ) , and won the National Society of Film Critics Awards for the same category . LP / cd releases ( edit ) A Prairie Home Album ( LP ) ( Minnesota Educational Radio ) `` Tourists '' ( LP ) ( 1983 PHC ) Pretty Good Jokes ( 2 CD ) ( 2000 , HighBridge Audio ) Garrison Keillor and the Hopeful Gospel Quartet ( 1992 , Sony ) Lake Wobegon Loyalty Days ( 1993 , EMI ) Garrison Keillor 's Comedy Theater : More Songs and Sketches from A Prairie Home Companion ( 3 CD ) ( 1996 , HighBridge Company ) Horrors ! A Scary Home Companion ( 2 CD ) ( 1996 , HighBridge Company ) A Prairie Home Companion Anniversary Album ( 2 LP ) ( 1980 , Minnesota Public Radio Inc . ) Shaking The Blues Away , Rob Fisher and The Coffee Club Orchestra with Garrison Keillor ( 1992 , Angel Records in association with EMI Records Ltd . ) Pretty Good Bits From a Prairie Home Companion ( 2003 ) A Prairie Home Companion : English Majors : A Comedy Collection for the Highly Literate ( 2 CD ) ( 2008 , HighBridge Company ) Church People : The Lutherans of Lake Wobegon ( 2009 ) Stories from Lake Wobegon ( edit ) Gospel Birds and Other Stories of Lake Wobegon ( 1985 ) . Includes the stories `` Pastor Ingqvist 's Trip to Orlando '' , `` Mammoth Concert Tickets '' , `` Bruno , the Fishing Dog '' , `` Gospel Birds '' , `` Meeting Donny Hart at the Bus Stop '' , `` A Day at the Circus with Mazumbo '' , `` The Tolleruds ' Korean Baby '' , `` Sylvester Krueger 's Desk '' , and `` Babe Ruth visits Lake Wobegon '' . News from Lake Wobegon ( April 1990 ) . Includes the stories `` Me and Choir '' , `` A Day in the Life of Clarence Bunsen '' , `` Letter from Jim '' , `` Fiction '' , `` The Living Flag '' , `` The Tollefson Boy Goes to College '' , `` Tomato Butt '' , `` Chamber of Commerce '' , `` Dog Days of August '' , `` Mrs. Berge and the Schubert Carillon Piano '' , `` Giant Decoys '' , `` Darryl Tollerud 's Long Day '' , `` Hog Slaughter '' , `` Thanksgiving '' , `` The Royal Family '' , `` Guys on Ice '' , `` James Lundeen 's Christmas '' , `` The Christmas Story Retold '' , `` New Year 's from New York '' , and `` Storm Home '' . More News from Lake Wobegon ( April 1990 ) . Includes the stories `` Rotten Apples '' , `` O Death '' , `` The Wise Men '' , `` A Trip to Grand Rapids '' , `` Truck Stop '' , `` Smokes '' , `` The Perils of Spring '' , `` Let Us Pray '' , `` Alaska '' , `` Uncle Al 's Gift '' , `` Skinny Dip '' , `` Homecoming '' , `` Pontoon Boat '' , `` Author '' , `` Freedom of the Press '' , and `` Vick 's '' . Lake Wobegon USA ( September 1993 ) . Includes the stories `` The Krebsbachs ' Vacation '' , `` Prophet '' , `` The Six Labors of Father Wilmer '' , `` Fertility '' , `` Aunt Ellie '' , `` Duke 's 25th '' , `` Job - Hunting '' , `` You 're Not the Only One '' , `` Blue Devils '' , `` Nostalgia '' , `` O Christmas Tree '' , `` Pageant '' , `` Messy Shoes '' , `` Rhubarb '' , `` Sweet Corn '' , `` The Sun 's Gonna Shine Someday '' , and `` Yellow Ribbon '' . Summer ( May 1997 ) . Includes stories from disc 2 of News from Lake Wobegon . Fall ( October 1997 ) . Includes stories from disc 3 of News from Lake Wobegon . Winter ( December 1997 ) . Includes stories from disc 4 of News from Lake Wobegon . Spring ( April 1998 ) . Includes stories from disc 1 of News from Lake Wobegon . Life These Days ( October 1998 ) . Includes the stories `` Gladys Hits A Raccoon '' , `` The World 's Largest Pile '' , `` My Cousin Rose '' , `` The Risk Takers '' , `` Pastor Ingqvist at the Mall '' , `` Hunting Stories '' , `` Sorrows of January '' , `` Clarence Cleans His Roof '' , `` Miracle of the Pastor 's Dog '' , `` War of the Krebsbachs '' , `` Graduation '' , and `` Spring '' ( printed insert ) . Mother Father Uncle Aunt ( May 1998 ) . Includes the stories `` Ball Jars '' , `` Love While you Dare To '' , `` Saturday Morning in The Bon Marché '' , `` Family Trip to Yellowstone '' , `` The Flood '' , `` Bob Anderson 's Last Dance '' , `` Children Will Break Your Heart '' , `` Ronnie and The Winnebago '' , `` Carl 's Christmas Pageant '' , and `` The Tombstone '' . Humor ( October 1998 ) . Includes the stories `` Skinny Dip '' , `` Homecoming '' , `` The Freedom of the Press '' , and `` Vick 's '' from More News from Lake Wobegon . Love ( February 1999 ) . Includes the stories `` Truck Stop '' , `` Uncle Al 's Gift '' , `` Rotten Apples '' , and `` The Wise Men '' from More News from Lake Wobegon . Home on the Prairie ( July 2003 ) Never Better ( 2007 ) Faith ( April 2008 ) . Includes stories from disc 1 of More News from Lake Wobegon . Hope ( April 2008 ) . Includes stories from disc 2 of More News from Lake Wobegon . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` What 's next after end of decades - long Keillor - MPR relationship ? '' . Twin Cities . 2017 - 12 - 06 . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 08 . Jump up ^ `` PHC 25th anniversary website '' . prairiehome.publicradio.org . Retrieved December 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Bowermaster , Jon ( December 13 , 1987 ) . `` Fresh Voices Hope to Be Far From Wobegon '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ Songer , Marcia ( 2000 ) . Garrison Keillor : A Critical Companion . Greenwood Publishing Group . pp. 9 -- 10 . ISBN 0 - 313 - 30230 - 8 . Jump up ^ `` Listening Information A Prairie Home Companion '' . www.prairiehome.org . Archived from the original on December 2 , 2016 . Retrieved December 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The news from Lake Wobegon : more guest hosts likely State of the Arts '' . Minnesota Public Radio News . 2011 - 01 - 15 . Retrieved 2013 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ Kaufmann , Carol ( 2011 - 03 - 16 ) . Garrison Keillor Announces Retirement . AARP Bulletin . Retrieved March 18 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Cobb , Mark Hughes ( 2011 - 09 - 09 ) . ' Prairie Home Companion ' tour comes to the Amp . The Tuscaloosa News . Page 5 of 5 . Retrieved September 9 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Seel , Steve ( February 7 , 2015 ) . `` Musician Chris Thile subs for Keillor on APHC '' . Minnesota Public Radio News . Retrieved February 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Garrison Keillor hosts final A Prairie Home Companion episode '' . The Guardian . London . Associated Press . July 2 , 2016 . Retrieved January 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Charlton , Lauretta . ' A Prairie Home Companion ' Gets a New Host -- and Maybe a Future . Vulture ( June 30 , 2015 ) . Retrieved July 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Matthews , Cameron ( July 21 , 2015 ) . `` It 's Official : Chris Thile to Become Full Time Host of ' A Prairie Home Companion ' '' . thebluegrasssituation.com . Retrieved 2015 - 07 - 21 . ^ Jump up to : AP Staff ( July 2 , 2016 ) . `` Garrison Keillor Hosts Final A Prairie Home Companion Episode '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 30 November 2016 -- via Associated Press ( AP ) . Jump up ^ Beyette , Beverly ( September 18 , 1985 ) . `` Fishing for Meaning in Lake Wobegon Waters : Garrison Keillor Reflects on the Success of His Semi-Autobiographical Best Seller '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 30 November 2016 . Jump up ^ APM Staff ( July 2 , 2016 ) . `` Sumus Quod Sumus '' . PrairieHome.org . Archived from the original on January 2 , 2017 . Retrieved December 1 , 2016 . ( Quote : ) hosted by Garrison Keillor , Show # 1557 , July 1 , 2016 , Rebroadcast from July 2 , 2016 Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ; et al. ( July 2 , 2016 ) . `` Script : The Lives of the Cowboys , July 2 , 2016 '' . PrairieHome.org . Archived from the original on January 2 , 2017 . Retrieved December 1 , 2016 . CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Minnesota Public Radio '' . Minnesota Public Radio . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 04 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` Garrison Keillor reportedly fired for improper behavior '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Jump up ^ Baenen , Jeff ( 29 November 2017 ) . `` Garrison Keillor fired over alleged improper behavior '' . News and Record . Greensboro , NC . Associated Press . Retrieved 29 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Salam , Maya ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` Minnesota Public Radio Fires Garrison Keillor Over Allegations of Improper Conduct '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Live from Here : A Brief History '' . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Statement from Minnesota Public Radio Regarding Garrison Keillor and A Prairie Home Companion '' ( Press release ) . Minnesota Public Radio . Retrieved 29 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Staff , MPR News . `` Keillor 's conduct : What we know and do n't know '' . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` MPR Reaches Agreement with Garrison Keillor to Restore Public Access to Online Archives '' , Minnesota Public Radio , retrieved April 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Sawyer , Bobbie Jean ( 12 September 2016 ) . `` The Country Roots of ' A Prairie Home Companion ' '' . Wide Open Country . Retrieved 2 December 2016 . Jump up ^ Barton , Chris . `` Garrison Keillor brings ' A Prairie Home Companion ' to a close at the Hollywood Bowl '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2 December 2016 . Jump up ^ Lee , Judith Yaross ( 1991 ) . Garrison Keillor : A Voice of America . Studies in Popular Culture . Jackson , MS : University Press of Mississippi . pp. 35 , 85 . ISBN 978 - 1617033995 . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Keillor , Garrison , Tim Russell , Sue Scott , and Fred Newman ( February 14 , 2004 ) . `` Rhubarb ( Segment ; A Prairie Home Companion , with Garrison Keillor ) '' ( transcript ) . Saint Paul , MN : American Public Media . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ( Contributing performer / writer names for this program were inferred by a Wikipedia editor from initials appearing in this source , based on regular cast information appearing elsewhere . ) Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ; Russell , Tim ; Scott , Sue & Dworsky , Rich ( February 4 , 2012 ) . `` Catchup ( Segment ; A Prairie Home Companion , with Garrison Keillor ) '' ( streaming video ) . Saint Paul , MN : American Public Media . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ; Russell , Tim ( April 28 , 2012 ) . `` Café Boeuf ( Segment ; A Prairie Home Companion , with Garrison Keillor ) '' ( transcript ) . Saint Paul , MN : American Public Media . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . ( Contributing performer / writer names for this program were inferred by a Wikipedia editor from initials appearing in this source , based on regular cast information appearing elsewhere . ) ^ Jump up to : `` 25 Years of Pretty Good Radio : Timeline '' . Saint Paul , MN : American Public Media . 2000 . Retrieved December 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kimble , Lindsay ( February 3 , 2016 ) . `` Comedian Bob Elliott -- Father of Actor Chris Elliott and Grandfather to SNL Alum Abby Elliot -- Dies at 92 '' . People . Retrieved December 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Best Direction of a Musical : Walter Bobbie '' . Playbill . June 1 , 1997 . Retrieved December 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Walter Bobbie : Credits '' . AllMusic . December 13 , 2016 . Retrieved December 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Slotnik , Daniel E. ( 1 November 2011 ) . `` Tom Keith , Creator of Radio Soundscapes , Dies at 64 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 December 2016 . Jump up ^ Boeni , Meg . `` Mouthing Off : The Art of Prairie Home Companion 's Fred Newman '' . Mental Floss . Retrieved 2 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Guy 's All - Star Shoe Band Regular Performers A Prairie Home Companion from American Public Media '' . prairiehome.publicradio.org . American Public Media . Retrieved 2 December 2016 . Jump up ^ https://blogs.mprnews.org/newscut/2015/05/the-man-who-put-the-swing-in-our-prairie-home/ ^ Jump up to : Carr , David ( July 23 , 2005 ) . `` Lake Wobegon Goes Hollywood ( or Is It Vice Versa ? ) , With a Pretty Good Cast '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Kaufman , Peter ( July 28 , 2005 ) . `` Radio for the Eyes : Robert Altman and Garrison Keillor , Unlikely ' Prairie ' Film Companions '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` A Prairie Home Companion ( 2006 ) : Overview '' . Digital Film Cloud Network . December 8 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` A Prairie Home Companion ( 2006 ) : Accolades & Awards '' . Digital Film Cloud Network . December 8 , 2016 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ The NSFC was awarded to Streep for her performances in this as well as in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) . Further reading ( edit ) Kaufman , Peter ( July 28 , 2005 ) . `` Radio for the Eyes : Robert Altman and Garrison Keillor , Unlikely ' Prairie ' Film Companions '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . A rich source , not yet fully tapped , for the article . Hernandez , & Brooks , Brooks ( February 13 , 2006 ) . `` Daily Dispatch From Berlin : Altman 's Latest , `` Prairie '' ... `` . IndieWire.com . Archived from the original on June 11 , 2006 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) A rich source , not yet fully tapped , for the article . Hollywood Bowl Staff ( June 2 , 2006 ) . `` A Prairie Home Companion with Garrison Keillor '' . HollywoodBowl.org . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2006 . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Hollywood Bowl event site , for the Friday , June 2 , 2006 of APHC with Garrison Keillor hosting special guests Kevin Kline , Virginia Madsen , John C. Reilly , and Meryl Streep . BBC Staff & Keillor , Garrison ( January 4 , 2007 ) . `` Radio 's enduring appeal '' . BBC News Magazine . London : BBC . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . Justin , Neal ( June 19 , 2016 ) . `` Sun Is Setting on Garrison Keillor 's Time on Lake Wobegon '' . Star Tribune . Minneapolis , MN . Retrieved December 8 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) Official website . Brief History Podcast Full PHC shows from 1981 to 1995 . Guide to episodes at the BBC . Index to several scheduled Public Radio programs . A Prairie Home Companion on IMDb Garrison Keillor Books Happy to be Here ( 1981 ) Lake Wobegon Days ( 1985 ) Leaving Home : A Collection of Lake Wobegon Stories ( 1987 ) We Are Still Married : Stories & Letters ( 1989 ) WLT : A Radio Romance ( 1991 ) Pontoon : A Novel of Lake Wobegon ( 2007 ) Albums A Prairie Home Album ( 1979 ) Songs of the Cat ( 1991 ) Films A Prairie Home Companion ( 2006 ) Radio The Morning Show A Prairie Home Companion The Writer 's Almanac Related articles Lake Wobegon Guy Noir American Public Media Group American Public Media Productions APM Reports BBC World Service Brains On ! 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did prairie home companion change its name | ['A Prairie Home Companion is a weekly radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor that aired live from 1974 to 2016. In 2016, musician Chris Thile took over as host, and the successor show was eventually renamed Live from Here. A Prairie Home Companion aired on Saturdays from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota; it was also frequently heard on tours to New York City and other US cities. The show is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians, tongue-in-cheek radio drama, and relaxed humor. Keillor\'s wry storytelling segment, "News from Lake Wobegon", was the show\'s best-known feature during his long tenure.\n'] | ['2016'] | A Prairie Home Companion is a weekly radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor that aired live from 1974 to 2016. In 2016, musician Chris Thile took over as host, and the successor show was eventually renamed Live from Here. A Prairie Home Companion aired on Saturdays from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota; it was also frequently heard on tours to New York City and other US cities. The show is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians, tongue-in-cheek radio drama, and relaxed humor. Keillor's wry storytelling segment, "News from Lake Wobegon", was the show's best-known feature during his long tenure.
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[question]: What is the name of the radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor?
[answer]: The name of the radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor is A Prairie Home Companion. | What is the name of the radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor? | The name of the radio variety show created and hosted by Garrison Keillor is A Prairie Home Companion. | 1 | 7.556993 | 18 | 108 | 1 |
21,806 | -1,892,104,729,672,825,000 | Daylight saving time in the United States | Daylight saving time in the United States - Wikipedia Daylight saving time in the United States Jump to : navigation , search Ohio Clock in the U.S. Capitol being turned forward for the country 's first daylight saving time in 1918 Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year , so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less . Most areas of the United States observe daylight saving time ( DST ) , the exceptions being Arizona ( except for the Navajo , who do observe daylight saving time on tribal lands ) , Hawaii , and the overseas territories of American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the United States Virgin Islands . In general , daylight saving time is not observed in lower - latitude regions , as summer days are not much longer than winter ones as in higher latitudes . Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November , with the time changes taking place at 2 : 00 a.m. local time . With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons , clocks `` spring forward , fall back '' -- that is , in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2 : 00 a.m. to 3 : 00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2 : 00 a.m. to 1 : 00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks ( 238 days ) every year , about 65 % of the entire year . The following table lists recent past and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the United States : Year Start End 2015 March 8 November 1 2016 March 13 November 6 2017 March 12 November 5 2018 March 11 November 4 2019 March 10 November 3 2020 March 8 November 1 2021 March 14 November 7 2022 March 13 November 6 2023 March 12 November 5 2024 March 10 November 3 Contents ( hide ) 1 History of DST in the United States 1.1 1916 -- 1966 : Early , inconsistent use 1.2 1966 -- 1972 : Federal standard established 1.3 1973 -- 1975 : Year - round experiment 1.4 1975 -- 1986 : Extension of daylight saving time 1.5 2005 -- 2009 : Second extension 2 Procedure for modifications 2.1 Changing an area 's time zone 2.2 Moving an area on or off DST 3 Local DST observance 3.1 Alaska 3.2 Arizona 3.2. 1 Reservations in Arizona 3.3 California 3.4 Florida 3.5 Hawaii 3.6 Indiana 3.7 Michigan 3.8 Nevada 3.9 Washington 3.10 Other U.S. locations 4 Time zones 5 See also 6 References 7 External links History of DST in the United States ( edit ) Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784 . His essay , `` An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light '' , written to the editor of The Journal of Paris , observed that Parisians could save on candles by getting out of bed earlier in the morning , making use of the natural morning light instead . Franklin 's suggestion seems to have been more of a joke than a real proposal , and nothing came of it . 1916 -- 1966 : early , inconsistent use ( edit ) During World War I , in an effort to conserve fuel , Germany began observing DST on May 1 , 1916 . The rest of Europe soon followed . The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19 , 1918 , which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31 , 1918 ( reverting October 27 ) . The idea was unpopular and Congress abolished DST after the war , overriding President Woodrow Wilson 's veto . DST became a local option and was observed in some states until World War II , when President Franklin Roosevelt instituted year - round DST , called `` War Time '' , on February 9 , 1942 . It lasted until the last Sunday ( the 30th ) in September 1945 . After 1945 many states and cities east of the Mississippi River ( and mostly north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers ) adopted summer DST . From 1945 to 1966 there was no federal law on daylight saving time , so localities could choose when it began and ended or drop it entirely . As of 1954 , only California and Nevada had statewide DST west of the Mississippi , and only a few cities between Nevada and St. Louis . In the 1964 Official Railway Guide , 21 of the 48 states had no DST anywhere . 1966 -- 1972 : federal standard established ( edit ) By 1962 , the transportation industry found the lack of consistency confusing enough to push for federal regulation . The result was the Uniform Time Act of 1966 ( P.L. 89 - 387 ) . Beginning in 1967 , the act mandated standard time within the established time zones and provided for advanced time : clocks would be advanced one hour beginning at 2 : 00 a.m. on the last Sunday in April and turned back one hour at 2 : 00 a.m. on the last Sunday in October . States were allowed to exempt themselves from DST as long as the entire state did so . If a state chose to observe DST , the time changes were required to begin and end on the established dates . In 1967 , Arizona and Michigan became the first states to exempt themselves from DST ( Michigan would begin observing DST in 1972 ) . In 1972 , the act was amended ( P.L. 92 - 267 ) , allowing those states split between time zones to exempt either the entire state or that part of the state lying within a different time zone . The newly created Department of Transportation ( DOT ) was given power to enforce the law . As of 2014 , the following states and territories are not observing DST : Arizona , Hawaii , American Samoa , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands . 1973 -- 1975 : year - round Experiment ( edit ) During the 1973 oil embargo by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OAPEC ) , in an effort to conserve fuel , Congress enacted a trial period of year - round DST ( P.L. 93 - 182 ) , beginning January 6 , 1974 , and ending April 27 , 1975 . The trial was hotly debated . Those in favor pointed to increased daylight hours in the winter evening : more time for recreation , reduced lighting and heating demands , reduced crime , and reduced automobile accidents . The opposition was concerned about children leaving for school in the dark . The act was amended in October 1974 ( P.L. 93 - 434 ) to return to standard time for the period beginning October 27 , 1974 , and ending February 23 , 1975 , when DST resumed . When the trial ended in 1975 , the country returned to observing summer DST ( with the aforementioned exceptions ) . 1975 -- 1986 : extension of daylight saving time ( edit ) The DOT , evaluating the plan of extending DST into March , reported in 1975 that `` modest overall benefits might be realized by a shift from the historic six - month DST ( May through October ) in areas of energy conservation , overall traffic safety and reduced violent crime . '' However , DOT also reported that these benefits were minimal and difficult to distinguish from seasonal variations and fluctuations in energy prices . Congress then asked the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS , today NIST ) to evaluate the DOT report . Its report , `` Review and Technical Evaluation of the DOT Daylight Saving Time Study '' ( April 1976 ) , found no significant energy savings or differences in traffic fatalities . It did find statistically significant evidence of increased fatalities among school - age children in the mornings during the four - month period January -- April 1974 as compared with the same period ( non-DST ) of 1973 . NBS stated that it was impossible to determine , what , if any , of this increase was due to DST . When these data were compared between 1973 and 1974 for the months of March and April , no significant difference was found in fatalities among school - age children in the mornings . In 1986 Congress enacted P.L. 99 - 359 , amending the Uniform Time Act by changing the beginning of DST to the first Sunday in April and having the end remain the last Sunday in October . These start and end dates were in effect from 1987 to 2006 . The time was adjusted at 2 : 00 a.m. local time . 2005 -- 2009 : second extension ( edit ) By the Energy Policy Act of 2005 , daylight saving time ( DST ) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007 . As from that year , DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November . In years when April 1 falls on Monday through Wednesday , these changes result in a DST period that is five weeks longer ; in all other years the DST period is instead four weeks longer . In 2008 daylight saving time ended at 2 : 00 a.m. DST ( 0200 ) ( 1 : 00 a.m. ST ) on Sunday , November 2 , and in 2009 it began at 2 : 00 a.m. ( 3 : 00 a.m. DST ) on Sunday , March 8 . Wyoming Senator Michael Enzi and Michigan Representative Fred Upton advocated the extension from October into November especially to allow children to go trick - or - treating in more daylight . Under Section 110 of the Act , the U.S. Department of Energy was required to study the impact of the 2007 DST extension no later than nine months after the change took effect . The report , released in October 2008 , reported a nationwide electricity savings of 0.03 % for the year of 2007 . An October 2008 study conducted by the University of California at Santa Barbara for the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the 2006 DST adoption in Indiana increased energy consumption in Indiana by an average of 1 % . Although consumption for lighting dropped as a result of the DST adoption , consumption for heating and cooling increased by 2 % to 4 % . The cost to the average Indiana household of the DST adoption was determined to be $3.29 per year , for an aggregate cost of $1.7 million to $5.5 million per year . Procedure for modifications ( edit ) Changing an area 's time zone ( edit ) Under the Standard Time Act of 1918 , as amended by the Uniform Time Act of 1966 , moving a state or an area within a state from one time zone to another requires a regulation issued by DOT . The governor or state legislature may initiate a request for the state or any part of the state ; the highest elected officials in the county may make a request for that county . The standard in the statute for such decisions is the convenience of commerce in that area . The convenience of commerce is defined broadly to consider such circumstances as the shipment of goods within the community ; the origin of television and radio broadcasts ; the areas where most residents work , attend school , worship , or receive health care ; the location of airports , railway , and bus stations ; and the major elements of the community 's economy . After receiving a request for altering a time zone , DOT determines whether it meets the requirement of minimum statutory criteria before issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking , soliciting public comment and scheduling a public hearing . Usually the hearing is held in the area requesting the change so that all affected parties can be represented . After the close of the comment period , the comments are reviewed and appropriate final action taken . If the Secretary agrees that the statutory requirement has been met , the change is instituted , usually at the next changeover to or from DST . Moving an area on or off DST ( edit ) Under the Uniform Time Act , moving an area on or off DST is accomplished through legal action at the state level . Some states require legislation while others require executive action such as a governor 's executive order . Information on procedures required in a specific state may be obtained from that state 's legislature or governor 's office . Although it may exempt itself , if a state decides to observe DST , the dates of observance must comply with federal legislation . Local DST observance ( edit ) Alaska ( edit ) This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( November 2017 ) Alaska observes DST . Due to its high latitude , Alaska has nearly round - the - clock daylight during summer , and DST is seen by some Alaskans as unnecessary and a nuisance . Another issue is that the Alaskan mainland 's single time zone , which approximates solar time in the capital , Juneau , leads to a large disparity between civil time and solar time for much of the state , with solar noon occurring as late as 2 : 00 p.m. in the population centers of Anchorage and Fairbanks , and as late as 3 : 00 p.m. in places such as Nome . In Fairbanks , for example , sunset occurs well after civil midnight in the summer . Others argue that ending daylight saving time will place Alaska as much as five hours from Eastern Daylight Time , making coordination of travel and phone conversations more difficult . In March 2015 the Alaska Senate passed a bill , introduced by state senator Anna MacKinnon , to end daylight saving time . The Alaska House formed a sub-committee that was due to look into the issue during the 2016 legislative session . Arizona ( edit ) Arizona observed DST in 1967 under the Uniform Time Act because the state legislature did not enact an exemption statute that year . In March 1968 the DST exemption statute was enacted and the state of Arizona has not observed DST since 1967 . This is in large part due to an effort to conserve energy . Phoenix and Tucson are among the hottest U.S. metropolitan areas during the summer , resulting in more power usage from air conditioning units and evaporative coolers in homes and businesses . An extra hour of sunlight while people are active would cause people to run their cooling systems longer , thereby using more energy . Reservations in Arizona ( edit ) The Navajo Indian Reservation extends into Utah and New Mexico and does observe daylight saving time . The Hopi Reservation is entirely within the state of Arizona and is an enclave within the Navajo Indian Reservation , but does not observe DST . California ( edit ) California voters passed Proposition 12 in 1949 , approving DST in the state . In February 2017 , California Assembly member Kansen Chu introduced A.B. 807 , which , if enacted and approved by voters , would enable the legislature to eliminate DST in the state , or , if federal law allows , to adopt DST for the entire year ... Florida ( edit ) Daylight time is less useful in Florida than in many other states because its southern location leads to less variation in day length between winter and summer . Without DST , Miami , for instance , would experience similar sunrise and sunset times throughout the year to cities such as Honolulu or Hong Kong , both of which have abandoned DST for decades . There is opposition to DST in Florida . State senator Bill Posey introduced a bill in March 2008 to abolish daylight time in the state and keep Florida on year - round standard time . Because Florida straddles two time zones , the Florida legislature has the option of returning all or part of the state to standard time along time zone boundaries ( i.e. placing the portion of the state in the Eastern time zone on standard time , while leaving the portion in the Central time zone on DST , so that the whole state had a common time ) . Hawaii ( edit ) Hawaii has never observed daylight saving time under the Uniform Time Act , having opted out of the Act 's provisions in 1967 . Because of Hawaii 's tropical latitude , there is not a large variation in daylight length between winter and summer . Advancing the clock in Hawaii would make sunrise times close to 7 : 00 a.m. even in June . Most of the inhabited islands are located close to the west end of the Hawaii - Aleutian time zone , but Oahu , Kauai , and Niihau are located more than 7 degrees west of the Hawaii - Aleutian time zone 's meridian and should , theoretically , be located in the next time zone to the west . ( Until about 1946 Hawaiian standard time was based on longitude 157.5 degrees west rather than 150 degrees . ) On April 26 , 1933 , the Territorial Legislature enacted a bill placing Hawaii on daylight saving time from the last Sunday in April ( April 30 in that year ) to the last Sunday in September , but the law was repealed three weeks later on May 21 , 1933 . During World War II between February 9 , 1942 and September 30 , 1945 , Hawaiian Standard Time was advanced one hour to so - called `` Hawaiian War Time , '' effectively placing the territory on year - round daylight saving time . Indiana ( edit ) See also : Time in Indiana From 1970 until 2006 , most of Indiana in the Eastern Time Zone did not observe daylight saving time , but the entire state started to do so in April 2006 after eight counties in western Indiana were shifted from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone . One goal for observing DST was to get more Indiana counties observing the same time zone ; formerly , 77 counties observed EST , 5 observed EST / EDT ( the EDT usage being unofficial only ) , and 10 observed CST / CDT . As of 2016 , Indiana has 12 counties observing Central Daylight Time while the remaining 80 counties observe Eastern Daylight Time . Those counties observing CST are in two groups : one near or in the Chicago metropolitan area , and the other around Evansville in the southwest corner of the state . Michigan ( edit ) In 1967 the Michigan Legislature adopted a statute , Act 6 of the Public Acts of 1967 , exempting the state from the observance of DST . The exemption statute was suspended on June 14 , 1967 , however , when the referendum was invoked . From June 14 , 1967 until the last Sunday in October , 1967 , Michigan observed DST , and did so in 1968 as well . The exemption statute was submitted to the voters at the General Election held in November 1968 , and , in a close vote , the exemption statute was sustained . As a result , Michigan did not observe DST in 1969 , 1970 , 1971 , or 1972 . ( Radio station CKLW in Windsor , Ontario , just across the river from Detroit , was popular on both sides of the border and would often give both times on the air , e.g. `` It 's 4 : 30 in Detroit and 5 : 30 in Windsor ! '' ) In November 1972 , an initiative measure , repealing the exemption statute , was approved by the voters . Michigan again observed DST in 1973 , and has continued to do so since then . The vast majority of Michigan is in the Eastern Time Zone . Only the Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin ( Gogebic , Iron , Dickinson , and Menominee ) are in Central Time . Nevada ( edit ) This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( November 2017 ) In 2015 the Nevada Senate passed Nevada Assembly Joint Resolution 4 , which would make it so that Nevada remains on Daylight Saving Time throughout the year . This would mean that Nevada is on the same time as Arizona all year , but would be an hour ahead of California in the winter . The United States Congress must now approve the change . Washington ( edit ) This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( November 2017 ) In 2015 , Rep. Elizabeth Scott ( R - Monroe ) filed a House bill to end DST in Washington , and a companion bill was filed in the Senate . She told a House committee that the semiannual time switches are not only inconvenient but lead to health problems and accidents due to lost sleep . She added that the bill to drop daylight saving time would reduce heart attacks , car wrecks and work accidents found to increase with the sleep - schedule disruptions . A different Senate Bill would petition the federal government for year - round DST . Other U.S. locations ( edit ) All U.S. insular territories with civilian government ( American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands ) lie in the tropics and do not observe DST . While neighboring Samoa began observing DST in September 2010 , the smaller American Samoa can not legally follow because of the DST observation period mandated by the Uniform Time Act . This period is actually wintertime in this Southern Hemisphere territory . Time zones ( edit ) Many computer operating systems ( such as Microsoft Windows , Linux , UNIX , and macOS ) and programming languages ( such as Java , perl , and most shell languages ) allow a local time zone setting in the format of ( standard time zone abbreviation ) ( UTC hour difference ) ( daylight saving time zone abbreviation ) . This allows programs and programming languages that must do calculations based on local time to more easily calculate differences between local time and UTC , as well as knowing whether calculations should be changed during daylight saving time . For example , a time zone setting of EST5EDT indicates that local time on the computer is 5 hours behind UTC and should be adjusted for daylight saving time . Time Zone Standard Time Daylight Saving Time TZ Atlantic Time Zone AST ( UTC - 4 ) ADT ( UTC - 3 ) AST4ADT Eastern Time Zone EST ( UTC - 5 ) EDT ( UTC - 4 ) EST5EDT Central Time Zone CST ( UTC - 6 ) CDT ( UTC - 5 ) CST6CDT Mountain Time Zone MST ( UTC - 7 ) MDT ( UTC - 6 ) MST7MDT Pacific Time Zone PST ( UTC - 8 ) PDT ( UTC - 7 ) PST8PDT Alaska Time Zone AKST ( UTC - 9 ) AKDT ( UTC - 8 ) AKST9AKDT Hawaii -- Aleutian Time Zone HAST ( UTC - 10 ) HADT ( UTC - 9 ) Aleutian Islands only HAST10HADT See also ( edit ) General topic Daylight saving time Daylight saving time by country CHU distributes official time in Canada History of time in the United States includes a list of historical daylight saving dates back to 1918 Official civil time distribution WWV and WWVH ( NIST Shortwave ) WWVB ( NIST Longwave ) Quasi-governmental time distribution systems CDMA cellphone stratum 2 time distribution system GNSS global navigation stratum 1 time distribution system References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Most of Exempt from Daylight Saving Time '' , timeanddate.com . Retrieved February 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Daylight Time '' . United States Naval Observatory . Retrieved October 18 , 2012 . Jump up ^ History of Daylight Saving Time , timeanddate.com ; accesses 2017.03. 05 . Jump up ^ Editors ( 25 October 1918 ) . `` Clocks Change Tomorrow '' ( PDF ) . The New York Times Company . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 November 2015 . Jump up ^ 66th U.S. Congress . `` CHAP. 51 . An Act For the repeal of the daylight - saving law '' ( pdf ) . Legis Works . Retrieved November 3 , 2013 . ( Pub. L. 66 -- 40 , 41 Stat. 280 , enacted August 20 , 1919 ) Jump up ^ 77th U.S. Congress . `` AN ACT To promote the national security and defense by establishing daylight saving time '' ( pdf ) . Legis Works . Retrieved November 3 , 2013 . ( Pub. L. 77 -- 403 , 56 Stat. 9 , enacted January 20 , 1942 ) ^ Jump up to : Source : CRS Report to Congress s : Congressional Research Service Report RS22284 Daylight Saving Time Jump up ^ 93rd U.S. Congress . `` AN ACT To provide for daylight saving time on a year - round basis for a two - year trial period , ... '' ( pdf ) . United States Government Printing Office . Retrieved 2 November 2013 . ( Pub. L. 93 -- 182 , 87 Stat. 707 , enacted December 15 , 1973 ) Jump up ^ Dunning , Brian . `` Skeptoid # 172 : Daylight Saving Time Myths '' . Skeptoid . Retrieved June 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ 109th U.S. Congress . `` Sec. 110 . Daylight Savings '' ( PDF ) . An Act To ensure jobs for our future with secure , affordable , and reliable energy . United States Government Printing Office . Retrieved November 3 , 2013 . ( Pub. L. 109 -- 58 , 119 Stat. 594 , enacted August 8 , 2005 ) Jump up ^ Douma , Michael ( 2008 ) . `` Daylight Saving Time -- When do we change our clocks ? '' . Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement . Retrieved March 8 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Time and Frequency Division FAQ '' . National Institute of Standards and Technology . Jump up ^ Ast , William F. III ( October 30 , 2009 ) . `` Time shifts backward early Sunday morning '' . The Herald - Palladium . Retrieved October 30 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Belzer , David B. ( October 2008 ) . `` Impact of Extended Daylight Saving Time on National Energy Consumption '' ( PDF ) . U.S. Department of Energy . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2013 - 05 - 18 . Jump up ^ Lotchen , Matthew ( October 2008 ) . `` Does Daylight Saving Time Save Energy ? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Indiana '' ( PDF ) . National Bureau of Economic Research . Jump up ^ Moritz , Katie ( April 10 , 2015 ) . `` Clock Stopped on Daylight Saving Time Repeal -- For Now '' . Juneau Empire . Retrieved May 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Shimoda , Yoshiyuki ; Asahi , Takahiro ; Taniguchi , Ayako ; Mizuno , Minoru ( 2007 ) . `` Evaluation of city - scale impact of residential energy conservation measures using the detailed end - use simulation model '' . Energy . 32 ( 9 ) : 1617 . doi : 10.1016 / j. energy. 2007.01. 007 . Jump up ^ `` Navajo Nation '' . Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com . Retrieved June 25 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Proposition 12 : Daylight Saving Time '' . UC Hastings Scholarship Repository . University of California Hastings . 1949 . Retrieved March 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` California Wants To Ban Daylight Saving Time '' . The Huffington Post . March 11 , 2016 . Retrieved March 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ A.B. 807 , 2017 -- 2018 Reg . Sess . ( Cal. 2017 ) . An act to add Section 6808 to the Government Code , and to repeal Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 of the Daylight Saving Time Act , an initiative measure approved at the November 8 , 1949 , special election , relating to daylight saving time . Jump up ^ Murphy , Katy ( March 10 , 2017 ) . `` California debates daylight saving time -- again '' . San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved March 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` HB 701 -- Daylight Saving Time '' . Retrieved May 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Colavecchio - Van Sickler , Shannon ( March 27 , 2008 ) . `` Posey 's daylight savings bill moves '' . Tampa Bay Times . Jump up ^ `` Hawaii Revised Statutes , § 1 - 31 '' . Capitol.hawaii.gov . Retrieved June 25 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Astronomical Data Applications '' . U.S. Naval Meteorology & Oceanography Command . Retrieved June 25 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Session Laws of Hawaii , 933 , enacted by Act 90 ( approved April 26 , 1933 ) and repealed by Act 163 ( approved May 21 , 1933 ) . Cited in Schmitt , Robert ; Cox , Doak ( 1992 ) . `` Hawaiian Time '' . The Hawaiian Journal of History . 26 : 220 . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2013 . Retrieved November 4 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Schmitt and Cox , p. 221 . Jump up ^ Standard Time Zone Boundary in the State of Indiana ( a 139 KB PDF file ) Jump up ^ Chereb , Sandra ( May 18 , 2015 ) . `` Nevada lawmakers urge Congress to allow state to stay on daylight savings time '' . Las Vegas Review - Journal . ^ Jump up to : `` Bill would end daylight saving time in Washington state '' . The Oregonian . AP . February 3 , 2015 . Retrieved November 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Nunnally , Derrick ( February 3 , 2015 ) . `` Lawmakers want to end Daylight Saving Time in Washington '' . AP . Retrieved November 5 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) Washington Post : Overview of anti-DST initiatives by states in 2015 Steverman , Ben ( March 10 , 2017 ) . `` Proof daylight saving time is dumb , dangerous , and costly '' . Boston Globe . Bloomberg News . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . ( hide ) Daylight saving time in the Americas North America South America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Dependencies and other territories Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Falkland Islands French Guiana Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands US Virgin Islands Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daylight_saving_time_in_the_United_States&oldid=816583757 '' Categories : Daylight saving time in the United States Daylight saving time by country 1918 introductions 1918 establishments in the United States Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2017 All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 22 December 2017 , at 08 : 32 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does daylight savings time end in colorado | ['Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2:00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks "spring forward, fall back" —that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year.'] | ['first Sunday in November'] | Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2:00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks "spring forward, fall back" —that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year. |
[question]: When does daylight saving time start and end?
[answer]: Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. | When does daylight saving time start and end? | Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. | 1 | 7.55196 | 18 | 90 | 1 |
30,103 | -509,156,027,916,429,300 | Atlanta Braves | Atlanta Braves - wikipedia Atlanta Braves `` Braves '' redirects here . For other uses , see Brave ( disambiguation ) . Atlanta Braves 2018 Atlanta Braves season Established in 1871 Based in Atlanta since 1966 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations National League ( 1876 -- present ) East Division ( 1994 -- present ) West Division ( 1969 -- 1993 ) Current uniform Retired numbers 6 10 21 29 31 35 41 44 47 42 Colors Navy blue , scarlet red , gold , white Name Atlanta Braves ( 1966 -- present ) Milwaukee Braves ( 1953 -- 1965 ) Boston Braves ( 1941 -- 1952 ) Boston Bees ( 1936 -- 1940 ) Boston Braves ( 1912 -- 1935 ) Boston Rustlers ( 1911 ) Boston Doves ( 1907 -- 1910 ) Boston Beaneaters ( 1883 -- 1906 ) Boston Red Caps ( 1876 -- 1882 ) Boston Red Stockings ( 1871 -- 1875 ) Other nicknames The Bravos , The Team of the 90s , America 's Team Ballpark SunTrust Park ( 2017 -- present ) Turner Field ( 1997 -- 2016 ) Atlanta -- Fulton County Stadium ( 1966 -- 1996 ) a.k.a. Atlanta Stadium ( 1966 -- 1976 ) Milwaukee County Stadium ( 1953 -- 1965 ) Braves Field ( 1915 -- 1952 ) a.k.a. National League Park ( 1936 -- 1941 ) Fenway Park ( 1914 -- 1915 ) South End Grounds ( 1894 -- 1914 ) Congress Street Grounds ( 1894 ) South End Grounds ( 1871 -- 1894 ) Major league titles World Series titles ( 3 ) 1914 1957 1995 NL Pennants ( 17 ) 1877 1878 1883 1891 1892 1893 1897 1898 1914 1948 1957 1958 1991 1992 1995 1999 East Division titles ( 12 ) 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2013 West Division titles ( 5 ) 1969 1982 1991 1992 1993 Wild card berths ( 2 ) 2012 Front office Owner ( s ) Liberty Media Manager Brian Snitker General Manager Alex Anthopoulos The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area . The franchise competes in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . The Braves played home games at Atlanta -- Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996 , and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016 . Since 2017 , their home stadium has been SunTrust Park , a new stadium 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County . The Braves play spring training games in Lake Buena Vista , Florida . The Braves have agreed to move their spring training home to North Port , Florida in 2019 . The `` Braves '' name , which was first used in 1912 , originates from a term for a Native American warrior . They are nicknamed `` the Bravos '' , and often referred to as `` America 's Team '' in reference to the team 's games being broadcast on the nationally available TBS from the 1970s until 2007 , giving the team a nationwide fan base . From 1991 to 2005 , the Braves were one of the most successful teams in baseball , winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times ( omitting the strike - shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions ) , and producing one of the greatest pitching rotations in the history of baseball . The Braves won the NL West 1991 -- 93 and the NL East 1995 -- 2005 , and they returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010 . The Braves advanced to the World Series five times in the 1990s , winning the title in 1995 . Since their debut in the National League in 1876 , the franchise has won 17 divisional titles , 17 National League pennants , and three World Series championships -- in 1914 as the Boston Braves , in 1957 as the Milwaukee Braves , and in 1995 in Atlanta . The Braves are the only Major League Baseball franchise to have won the World Series in three different home cities . The Braves and the Chicago Cubs are the National League 's two remaining charter franchises . The Braves were founded in Boston , Massachusetts , in 1871 , as the Boston Red Stockings ( not to be confused with the American League 's Boston Red Sox ) . The team states it is `` the oldest continuously operating professional sports franchise in America . '' After various name changes , the team eventually began operating as the Boston Braves , which lasted for most of the first half of the 20th century . Then , in 1953 , the team moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin , and became the Milwaukee Braves , followed by the final move to Atlanta in 1966 . The team 's tenure in Atlanta is noted for Hank Aaron breaking Babe Ruth 's career home run record in 1974 . Contents 1 History 1.1 Boston ( 1871 -- 1952 ) 1.1. 1 1871 -- 1913 1.1. 2 1914 : Miracle 1.1. 3 1915 -- 1953 1.2 Milwaukee ( 1953 -- 1965 ) 1.3 Atlanta ( 1966 -- present ) 1.3. 1 1966 -- 1974 1.3. 2 1976 -- 1977 : Ted Turner buys the team 1.3. 3 1978 -- 1990 1.3. 4 1991 -- 2005 : Division dominance 1.3. 4.1 1991 -- 1994 1.3. 4.2 1995 -- 2005 1.3. 4.3 Cy Young dominance 1.3. 4.4 2005 : A new generation 1.3. 5 2006 : Struggles 1.3. 6 Sale to Liberty Media 1.3. 7 2007 : More struggles 1.3. 8 2009 : The return of solid pitching 1.3. 9 2010 : Cox 's final season 1.3. 10 2011 : Fredi González takes over 1.3. 10.1 September collapse 1.3. 11 2012 : Chipper 's last season 1.3. 12 2013 : Braves win the East 1.3. 13 2014 : Losing season 1.3. 14 2015 -- 2016 : Rebuilding 1.3. 15 2017 : SunTrust Park and front office changes 1.3. 15.1 MLB investigation and penalties 2 World Series championships 3 Major rivalries 3.1 New York Mets 3.2 Philadelphia Phillies 4 Uniforms 5 Logos 6 Achievements 6.1 Awards 6.2 Team records 6.3 Team captains 6.4 Retired numbers 6.5 Braves Hall of Fame 6.6 Baseball Hall of Famers 6.7 Ford C. Frick Award recipients ( broadcasters ) 6.8 Georgia Sports Hall of Fame 7 Players 7.1 Current roster 8 Minor league affiliates 9 Home attendance 9.1 Turner Field 9.2 SunTrust Park 10 Radio and television 11 References 11.1 Footnotes 11.2 Citations 12 Further reading 13 External links History ( edit ) Main article : History of the Atlanta Braves Boston ( 1871 -- 1952 ) ( edit ) Main article : History of the Boston Braves 1871 -- 1913 ( edit ) 1873 Boston Red Stockings team picture ; it finished first with a record of 43 -- 16 The Cincinnati Red Stockings , established in 1869 as the first openly all - professional baseball team , voted to dissolve after the 1870 season . Player - manager Harry Wright , with brother George and two other Cincinnati players , then went to Boston , Massachusetts at the invitation of Boston Red Stockings founder Ivers Whitney Adams to form the nucleus of the Boston Red Stockings , a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players ( NAPBBP ) . The original Boston Red Stockings team and its successors can lay claim to being the oldest continuously playing team in American professional sports . ( The only other team that has been organized as long , the Chicago Cubs , did not play for the two years following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 . ) Two young players hired away from the Forest City club of Rockford , Illinois , turned out to be the biggest stars during the NAPBBP years : pitcher Al Spalding ( founder of Spalding sporting goods ) and second baseman Ross Barnes . Led by the Wright brothers , Barnes , and Spalding , the Red Stockings dominated the National Association , winning four of that league 's five championships . The team became one of the National League 's charter franchises in 1876 , sometimes called the `` Red Caps '' ( as a new Cincinnati Red Stockings club was another charter member ) . The Boston Red Caps played in the first game in the history of the National League , on Saturday , April 22 , 1876 , defeating the Athletics , 6 -- 5 . 1888 Boston Beaneaters Although somewhat stripped of talent in the National League 's inaugural year , Boston bounced back to win the 1877 and 1878 pennants . The Red Caps / Beaneaters were one of the league 's dominant teams during the 19th century , winning a total of eight pennants . For most of that time , their manager was Frank Selee . Boston came to be called the Beaneaters in 1883 , while retaining red as the team color . The 1898 team finished 102 -- 47 , a club record for wins that would stand for almost a century . Stars of those 1890s Beaneater teams included the `` Heavenly Twins '' , Hugh Duffy and Tommy McCarthy , as well as `` Slidin ' '' Billy Hamilton . Hugh Duffy played with the franchise from 1892 to 1900 and won the third Triple Crown in MLB history The team was decimated when the American League 's new Boston entry set up shop in 1901 . Many of the Beaneaters ' stars jumped to the new team , which offered contracts that the Beaneaters ' owners did not even bother to match . They only managed one winning season from 1900 to 1913 , and lost 100 games five times . In 1907 , the Beaneaters ( temporarily ) eliminated the last bit of red from their stockings because their manager thought the red dye could cause wounds to become infected ( as noted in The Sporting News Baseball Guide during the 1940s when each team 's entry had a history of its nickname ( s ) . The American League club 's owner , Charles Taylor , wasted little time in adopting Red Sox as his team 's first official nickname ( up to that point they had been called by the generic `` Americans '' ) . Media - driven nickname changes to the Doves in 1907 and the Rustlers in 1911 did nothing to change the National League club 's luck . The team became the Braves for the first time in 1912 . Their owner , James Gaffney , was a member of New York City 's political machine , Tammany Hall , which used an Indian chief as their symbol . 1914 : Miracle ( edit ) Main article : 1914 Boston Braves season Two years later , the Braves put together one of the most memorable seasons in baseball history . After a dismal 4 -- 18 start , the Braves seemed to be on pace for a last place finish . On July 4 , 1914 , the Braves lost both games of a doubleheader to the Brooklyn Dodgers . The consecutive losses put their record at 26 -- 40 and the Braves were in last place , 15 games behind the league - leading New York Giants , who had won the previous three league pennants . After a day off , the Braves started to put together a hot streak , and from July 6 through September 5 , the Braves went 41 -- 12 . On September 7 and 8 , the Braves took two of three games from the New York Giants and moved into first place . The Braves tore through September and early October , closing with 25 wins against six losses , while the Giants went 16 -- 16 . They were the only team , under the old eight - team league format , to win a pennant after being in last place on the Fourth of July . They were in last place as late as July 18 , but were close to the pack , moving into fourth on July 21 and second place on August 12 . Starting pitcher Bill James was 2 -- 0 in the 1914 World Series , and the Braves recorded the first sweep in World Series history Despite their amazing comeback , the Braves entered the World Series as a heavy underdog to Connie Mack 's Philadelphia A 's . Nevertheless , the Braves swept the Athletics -- the first unqualified sweep in the young history of the modern World Series ( the 1907 Series had one tied game ) to win the world championship . Meanwhile , Johnny Evers won the Chalmers Award . The Braves played the World Series ( as well as the last few games of the 1914 season ) at Fenway Park , since their normal home , the South End Grounds , was too small . However , the Braves ' success inspired owner Gaffney to build a modern park , Braves Field , which opened in August 1915 . It was the largest park in the majors at the time , with 40,000 seats and a very spacious outfield . The park was novel for its time ; public transportation brought fans right to the park . 1915 -- 1953 ( edit ) After contending for most of 1915 and 1916 , the Braves only twice posted winning records from 1917 to 1932 . The lone highlight of those years came when Judge Emil Fuchs bought the team in 1923 to bring his longtime friend , pitching great Christy Mathewson , back into the game . However , Mathewson died in 1925 , leaving Fuchs in control of the team . Fuchs was committed to building a winner , but the damage from the years prior to his arrival took some time to overcome . The Braves finally managed to be competitive in 1933 and 1934 under manager Bill McKechnie , but Fuchs ' revenue was severely depleted due to the Great Depression . Looking for a way to get more fans and more money , Fuchs worked out a deal with the New York Yankees to acquire Babe Ruth , who had started his career with the Red Sox . Fuchs made Ruth team vice president , and promised him a share of the profits . He was also granted the title of assistant manager , and was to be consulted on all of the Braves ' deals . Fuchs even suggested that Ruth , who had long had his heart set on managing , could take over as manager once McKechnie stepped down -- perhaps as early as 1936 . At first , it appeared that Ruth was the final piece the team needed in 1935 . On opening day , he had a hand in all of the Braves ' runs in a 4 -- 2 win over the Giants . However , that proved to be the only time the Braves were over . 500 all year . Events went downhill quickly . While Ruth could still hit , he could do little else . He could not run , and his fielding was so terrible that three of the Braves ' pitchers threatened to go on strike if Ruth were in the lineup . It soon became obvious that he was vice president and assistant manager in name only and Fuchs ' promise of a share of team profits was hot air . In fact , Ruth discovered that Fuchs expected him to invest some of his money in the team . Seeing a franchise in complete disarray , Ruth retired on June 1 -- only six days after he clouted what turned out to be the last three home runs of his career . He had wanted to quit as early as May 12 , but Fuchs wanted him to hang on so he could play in every National League park . The Braves finished 38 -- 115 , the worst season in franchise history . Their . 248 winning percentage is the third - worst in baseball history , and the second - worst in National League history ( behind only the 1899 Cleveland Spiders ) . Fuchs lost control of the team in August 1935 , and the new owners tried to change the team 's image by renaming it the Boston Bees . This did little to change the team 's fortunes . After five uneven years , a new owner , construction magnate Lou Perini , changed the nickname back to the Braves . He immediately set about rebuilding the team . World War II slowed things down a little , but the team rode the pitching of Warren Spahn to impressive seasons in 1946 and 1947 . Spahn ( right ) with Johnny Sain In 1948 , the team won the pennant , behind the pitching of Spahn and Johnny Sain , who won 39 games between them . The remainder of the rotation was so thin that in September , Boston Post writer Gerald Hern wrote this poem about the pair : First we 'll use Spahn then we 'll use Sain Then an off day followed by rain Back will come Spahn followed by Sain And followed we hope by two days of rain . The poem received such a wide audience that the sentiment , usually now paraphrased as `` Spahn and Sain and pray for rain '' , entered the baseball vocabulary . However , in the 1948 season , the Braves actually had the same record in games that Spahn and Sain started that the team had overall , in terms of winning percentage . The 1948 World Series , which the Braves lost in six games to the Indians , turned out to be the Braves ' last hurrah in Boston . In 1950 , Sam Jethroe became the team 's first African American player , making his major league debut on April 18 . Amid four mediocre seasons , attendance steadily dwindled until , on March 13 , 1953 , Perini , who had recently bought out his original partners , announced he was moving the team to Milwaukee , where the Braves had their top farm club , the Brewers . Milwaukee had long been a possible target for relocation . Bill Veeck had tried to return his St. Louis Browns there earlier the same year ( Milwaukee was the original home of that franchise ) , but his proposal had been voted down by the other American League owners . Milwaukee ( 1953 -- 1965 ) ( edit ) See also : History of the Atlanta Braves § Milwaukee Milwaukee went wild over the Braves , drawing a then - NL record 1.8 million fans . The Braves finished 92 -- 62 in their first season in Milwaukee . The success of the relocated team showed that baseball could succeed in new markets , and the Philadelphia Athletics , St. Louis Browns , Brooklyn Dodgers , and New York Giants would leave their hometowns within the next five years . Milwaukee Braves cap logo As the 1950s progressed , the reinvigorated Braves became increasingly competitive . Sluggers Eddie Mathews and Hank Aaron drove the offense ( they would hit a combined 1,226 home runs as Braves , with 850 of those coming while the franchise was in Milwaukee ) , often aided by another power hitter , Joe Adcock , while Warren Spahn , Lew Burdette , and Bob Buhl anchored the rotation . The 1956 Braves finished second , only one game behind the Brooklyn Dodgers . In 1957 , the Braves celebrated their first pennant in nine years spearheaded by Aaron 's MVP season , as he led the National League in home runs and RBI . Perhaps the most memorable of his 44 round - trippers that season came on September 23 , a two - run walk - off home run that gave the Braves a 4 -- 2 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals and clinched the League championship . The team then went on to its first World Series win in over 40 years , defeating the powerful New York Yankees of Berra , Mantle , and Ford in seven games . One - time Yankee Burdette , the Series MVP , threw three complete game victories against his former team , giving up only two earned runs . In 1958 , the Braves again won the National League pennant and jumped out to a three games to one lead in the World Series against the New York Yankees once more , thanks in part to the strength of Spahn 's and Burdette 's pitching . But the Yankees stormed back to take the last three games , in large part to World Series MVP Bob Turley 's pitching . The 1959 season saw the Braves finish the season in a tie with the Los Angeles Dodgers , both with 86 -- 68 records . Many residents of Chicago and Milwaukee were hoping for a Sox - Braves Series , as the cities are only about 75 miles ( 121 km ) apart , but it was not to be because Milwaukee fell in a best - of - 3 playoff with two straight losses to the Dodgers . The Dodgers would go on to defeat the Chicago White Sox in the World Series . Milwaukee Braves logo ( 1953 -- 1956 ) The next six years were up - and - down for the Braves . The 1960 season featured two no - hitters by Burdette and Spahn , and Milwaukee finished seven games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates , who ultimately were to win the World Series that year , in second place , one year after the Braves were on the winning end of the 13 - inning near - perfect game of Pirates pitcher Harvey Haddix . The 1961 season saw a drop in the standings for the Braves down to fourth , despite Spahn recording his 300th victory and pitching another no - hitter that year . Aaron hit 45 home runs in 1962 , a Milwaukee career high for him , but this did not translate into wins for the Braves , as they finished fifth . The next season , Aaron again hit 44 home runs and notched 130 RBI , and Spahn was once again the ace of the staff , going 23 -- 7 . However , none of the other Braves produced at that level , and the team finished in the `` second division '' , for the first time in its short history in Milwaukee . The Braves were mediocre as the 1960s began , with an inflated win total fed by the expansion New York Mets and Houston Colt . 45s . To this day , the Milwaukee Braves are the only major league team who played more than one season and never had a losing record . Perini sold the Braves to a Chicago - based group led by William Bartholomay in 1962 . Almost immediately Bartholomay started shopping the Braves to a larger television market . Keen to attract them , the fast - growing city of Atlanta , led by Mayor Ivan Allen , Jr. constructed a new $18 million , 52,000 - seat ballpark in less than one year , Atlanta Stadium , which was officially opened in 1965 in hopes of luring an existing major league baseball and / or NFL / AFL team . After the city failed to lure the Kansas City A 's to Atlanta ( the A 's would move to Oakland in 1968 ) , the Braves announced their intention to move to Atlanta for the 1965 season . However , an injunction filed in Wisconsin kept the Braves in Milwaukee for one final year . In 1966 , the Braves completed the move to Atlanta . Eddie Mathews is the only Braves player to have played for the organization in all three cities that they have been based in . Mathews played with the Braves for their last season in Boston , the team 's entire tenure in Milwaukee , and their first season in Atlanta . Atlanta ( 1966 -- present ) ( edit ) 1966 -- 1974 ( edit ) The Braves were a . 500 team in their first few years in Atlanta ; 85 -- 77 in 1966 , 77 -- 85 in 1967 , and 81 -- 81 in 1968 . The 1967 season was the Braves ' first losing season since 1952 , their last year in Boston . In 1969 , with the onset of divisional play , the Braves won the first - ever National League West Division title , before being swept by the `` Miracle Mets '' in the National League Championship Series . They would not be a factor during the next decade , posting only two winning seasons between 1970 and 1981 -- in some cases , fielding teams as bad as the worst Boston teams . The fence over which Hank Aaron hit his 715th career home run still exists outside of Turner Field . In the meantime , fans had to be satisfied with the achievements of Hank Aaron . In the relatively hitter - friendly confines and higher - than - average altitude of Atlanta Stadium ( `` The Launching Pad '' ) , he actually increased his offensive production . Atlanta also produced batting champions in Rico Carty ( in 1970 ) and Ralph Garr ( in 1974 ) . In the shadow of Aaron 's historical home run pursuit , was the fact that three Atlanta sluggers hit 40 or more home runs in 1973 -- Darrell Evans , Davey Johnson and , of course , Aaron . By the end of the 1973 season , Aaron had hit 713 home runs , one short of Ruth 's record . Throughout the winter he received racially motivated death threats , but stood up well under the pressure . The next season , it was only a matter of time before he set a new record . On April 4 , opening day , he hit No. 714 in Cincinnati , and on April 8 , in front of his home fans and a national television audience he finally beat Ruth 's mark with a home run to left - center field off left - hander Al Downing of the Los Angeles Dodgers . Aaron spent most of his career as a Milwaukee and Atlanta Brave before asking to be traded to the Milwaukee Brewers , while Ruth finished his career as a Boston Brave . In fact , until Barry Bonds eclipsed the 714 home runs hit by Babe Ruth in 2006 , the top two home run hitters in Major League history had at one time been Braves . 1976 -- 1977 : Ted Turner buys the team ( edit ) Media magnate Ted Turner purchased the team in 1976 , and played a large role in the team 's operation . In 1976 , the team was purchased by media magnate Ted Turner , owner of superstation WTBS , as a means to keep the team ( and one of his main programming staples ) in Atlanta . The financially strapped Turner used money already paid to the team for their broadcast rights as a down - payment . It was then that Atlanta Stadium was renamed Atlanta -- Fulton County Stadium . Turner quickly gained a reputation as a quirky , hands - on baseball owner . On May 11 , 1977 , Turner appointed himself manager , but because MLB passed a rule in the 1950s barring managers from holding a financial stake in their teams , Turner was ordered to relinquish that position after one game ( the Braves lost 2 -- 1 to the Pittsburgh Pirates to bring their losing streak to 17 games ) . Turner used the Braves as a major programming draw for his fledgling cable network , making the Braves the first franchise to have a nationwide audience and fan base . WTBS marketed the team as `` The Atlanta Braves : America 's Team '' , a nickname that still sticks in some areas of the country , especially the South . Among other things , in 1976 Turner suggested the nickname `` Channel '' for pitcher Andy Messersmith and jersey number 17 , in order to promote the television station that aired Braves games . Major League Baseball quickly nixed the idea . 1978 -- 1990 ( edit ) Phil Niekro played with the Braves from 1964 to 1983 and in 1987 ; he holds the MLB record for most wins by a knuckleball pitcher After three straight losing seasons , Bobby Cox was hired for his first stint as manager for the 1978 season . He promoted 22 - year - old slugger Dale Murphy into the starting lineup . Murphy hit 77 home runs over the next three seasons , but he struggled on defense , unable to adeptly play either catcher or first base . In 1980 , Murphy was moved to center field and demonstrated excellent range and throwing ability , while the Braves earned their first winning season since 1974 . Cox was fired after the 1981 season and replaced with Joe Torre , under whose leadership the Braves attained their first divisional title since 1969 . Strong performances from Bob Horner , Chris Chambliss , pitcher Phil Niekro , and short relief pitcher Gene Garber helped the Braves , but no Brave was more acclaimed than Murphy , who won both a Most Valuable Player and a Gold Glove award . Murphy also won an MVP award the following season , but the Braves began a period of decline that defined the team throughout the 1980s . Murphy , excelling in defense , hitting , and running , was consistently recognized as one of the league 's best players , but the Braves averaged only 65 wins per season between 1985 and 1990 . Their lowest point came in 1988 , when they lost 106 games . The 1986 season saw the return of Bobby Cox as general manager . Also in 1986 , the team stopped using their Indian - themed mascot , Chief Noc - A-Homa . 1991 -- 2005 : division dominance ( edit ) 1991 -- 1994 ( edit ) Greg Maddux , Tom Glavine , and John Smoltz combined for six Cy Young Awards during their time in the Braves pitching rotation Cox returned to the dugout as manager in the middle of the 1990 season , replacing Russ Nixon . The Braves finished the year with the worst record in baseball , at 65 -- 97 . They traded Dale Murphy to the Philadelphia Phillies after it was clear he was becoming a less dominant player . Pitching coach Leo Mazzone began developing young pitchers Tom Glavine , Steve Avery , and John Smoltz into future stars . That same year , the Braves used the number one overall pick in the 1990 MLB draft to select Chipper Jones , who became one of the best hitters in team history . Perhaps the Braves ' most important move was not on the field , but in the front office . Immediately after the season , John Schuerholz was hired away from the Kansas City Royals as general manager . The following season , Glavine , Avery , and Smoltz would be recognized as the best young pitchers in the league , winning 52 games among them . Meanwhile , behind position players David Justice , Ron Gant and unexpected league Most Valuable Player and batting champion Terry Pendleton , the Braves overcame a 39 -- 40 start , winning 55 of their final 83 games over the last three months of the season and edging the Los Angeles Dodgers by one game in one of baseball 's more memorable playoff races . The `` Worst to First '' Braves , who had not won a divisional title since 1982 , captivated the city of Atlanta ( and the entire southeast ) during their improbable run to the flag . They defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in a very tightly contested seven - game NLCS only to lose the World Series , also in seven games , to the Minnesota Twins . The series , considered by many to be one of the greatest ever , was the first time a team that had finished last in its division one year went to the World Series the next ; both the Twins and Braves accomplished the feat . Despite the 1991 World Series loss , the Braves ' success would continue . In 1992 , the Braves returned to the NLCS and once again defeated the Pirates in seven games , culminating in a dramatic game seven win . Francisco Cabrera 's two - out single that scored David Justice and Sid Bream capped a three - run rally in the bottom of the ninth inning that gave the Braves a 3 -- 2 victory . It was the first time in post season history that the tying and winning runs had scored on a single play in the ninth inning . The Braves lost the World Series to the Toronto Blue Jays , however . In 1993 , the Braves signed Cy Young Award winning pitcher Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs , leading many baseball insiders to declare the team 's pitching staff the best in baseball . The 1993 team posted a franchise - best 104 wins after a dramatic pennant race with the San Francisco Giants , who won 103 games . The Braves needed a stunning 55 -- 19 finish to edge out the Giants , who led the Braves by nine games in the standings as late as August 11 . However , the Braves fell in the NLCS to the Philadelphia Phillies in six games . In 1994 , in a realignment of the National League 's divisions following the 1993 expansion , the Braves moved to the Eastern Division . This realignment was the main cause of the team 's heated rivalry with the New York Mets during the mid-to - late 1990s . The player 's strike cut short the 1994 season , prior to the division championships , with the Braves six games behind the Montreal Expos with 48 games left to play . 1995 -- 2005 ( edit ) The Braves returned strong the following strike - shortened ( 144 games instead of the customary 162 ) year and beat the Cleveland Indians in the 1995 World Series . This squelched claims by many Braves critics that they were the `` Buffalo Bills of Baseball '' ( January 1996 issue of Beckett Baseball Card Monthly ) . With this World Series victory , the Braves became the first team in Major League Baseball to win world championships in three different cities . With their strong pitching as a constant , the Braves appeared in the 1996 and 1999 World Series ( losing both to the New York Yankees , managed by Joe Torre , a former Braves manager ) , and had a streak of division titles from 1991 to 2005 ( three in the Western Division and eleven in the Eastern ) interrupted only in 1994 when the strike ended the season early . Pitching was not the only constant in the Braves organization -- Cox was the Braves ' manager , while Schuerholz remained the team 's GM until after the 2007 season when he was promoted to team president . Terry Pendleton finished his playing career elsewhere , but returned to the Braves system as the hitting coach . In October 1996 , Time Warner acquired Ted Turner 's Turner Broadcasting System and all of its assets , including its cable channels and the Atlanta Braves . Over the next few years , Ted Turner 's presence as owner of the team would diminish . The 1995 World Series Commissioner 's Trophy on display in the Ivan Allen Jr . Braves Museum and Hall of Fame at Turner Field A 95 -- 67 record in 2000 produced a ninth consecutive division title . However , a sweep by the St. Louis Cardinals in the National League Division Series prevented the Braves from reaching the NL Championship Series . In 2001 , Atlanta won the National League East division yet again , swept the Houston Astros in the NLDS , then lost to the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Championship Series four games to one . One memorable game the Braves played that year came on September 21 , when they played rival New York Mets in the first major professional sporting event held in New York City since 9 / 11 . In 2002 , 2003 and 2004 , the Braves won the Eastern division again , but lost in the NLDS in all three years in the same fashion : 3 games to 2 to the San Francisco Giants , Chicago Cubs , and Houston Astros . Cy young dominance ( edit ) Six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s were awarded to three Braves pitchers : In 1991 , left - handed pitcher Tom Glavine received his first award . Right - handed pitcher Greg Maddux won four in a row , three of them with the Braves from 1993 through 1995 . His first award came in 1992 with the Cubs . In 1996 , right - handed pitcher John Smoltz received his only Cy Young Award . In 1998 , Glavine won his second . 2005 : a new Generation ( edit ) Main article : 2005 Atlanta Braves season In 2005 , the Braves won the Division championship for the 14th consecutive time from 1991 to 2005 . 14 consecutive division titles stands as the record for all major league baseball . The 2005 title marked the first time any MLB team made the postseason with more than 4 rookies who each had more than 100 ABs ( Wilson Betemit , Brian McCann , Pete Orr , Ryan Langerhans , Jeff Francoeur ) . Catcher Brian McCann , right fielder Jeff Francoeur , and pitcher Kyle Davies all grew up in the suburbs of Atlanta . The large number of rookies to debut in 2005 were nicknamed the `` Baby Braves '' by fans and became an Atlanta - area sensation , helping to lead the club to a record of 90 -- 72 . However , the season would end on a sour note as the Braves lost the National League Division Series to the Astros in four games . In Game 4 , with the Braves leading by 5 in the eighth inning , the Astros battled back with a Lance Berkman grand slam and a two - out , ninth inning Brad Ausmus home run off of Braves closer Kyle Farnsworth . The game did not end until the 18th inning , becoming the longest game in playoff history at 5 hours 50 minutes . Chris Burke ended the marathon with a home run off of Joey Devine . After the 2005 season , the Braves lost their long - time pitching coach Leo Mazzone , who left to go to the Baltimore Orioles . Roger McDowell took his place in the Atlanta dugout . Unable to re-sign shortstop Rafael Furcal , the Braves acquired shortstop Édgar Rentería from the Boston Red Sox . 2006 : struggles ( edit ) Main article : 2006 Atlanta Braves season Andruw Jones at bat for the Braves in 2006 In 2006 , the Braves did not perform at the level they had grown accustomed to . Due to an offensive slump , injuries to their starting rotation , and subpar bullpen performances , the Braves compiled a 6 -- 21 record during June , the worst month ever in Atlanta with a winning percentage of . 222 ; this was only better than the woeful Boston Braves in May 1935 ( 4 -- 20 ) with a . 166 winning percentage . After the break , the Braves came out with their bats swinging , setting many franchise records . They won five straight , sweeping the Padres and taking two from the Cardinals , tallying a total of 65 runs in that span . The 65 runs in five games is the best by the franchise since 1897 , when the Boston Beaneaters totaled 78 , including 25 in one game and 21 in another , from May 31 -- June 3 ; the 2006 Braves also became the first team since the 1930 New York Yankees to score ten runs or more in five straight games . The Braves had a total of 81 hits during their five - game run and 98 hits in their last six games , going back to an 8 -- 3 victory over Cincinnati on July 9 , the last game before the All - Star break . Additionally , Chipper Jones was able to maintain a 20 - game hitting streak and tie Paul Waner 's 69 - year - old Major League record with a 14 - game extra-base hit streak . However , on September 18 , the New York Mets ' win over the Florida Marlins mathematically eliminated the Braves from winning the NL East , ending the Atlanta Braves ' 11 - year reign over the NL East . On September 24 , the Braves ' loss to the Colorado Rockies mathematically eliminated the Braves from winning the NL Wild Card , making 2006 the first year that the Braves would not compete in the postseason since 1990 , not counting the strike - shortened 1994 season . Also , a loss to the Mets on September 28 guaranteed the Braves their first losing season since 1990 . Although the Braves won two of their last three games against the Astros , including rookie Chuck James besting Roger Clemens , Atlanta finished the season in third place , one game ahead of the Marlins , at 79 -- 83 . Sale to Liberty Media ( edit ) In December 2005 , team owner Time Warner , who inherited the Braves after purchasing TBS in 1996 , announced it was placing the team for sale . Liberty Media began negotiations to purchase the team . In February 2007 , after more than a year of negotiations , Time Warner agreed to a deal that would sell the Braves to Liberty Media Group ( a company which owned a large amount of stock in Time Warner , Inc . ) , pending approval by 75 percent of MLB owners and the Commissioner of Baseball , Bud Selig . The deal included the exchange of the Braves , valued in the deal at $450 million , a hobbyist magazine publishing company , and $980 million cash , for 68.5 million shares of Time Warner stock held by Liberty Media , then worth approximately $1.48 billion . Team President Terry McGuirk anticipated no change in the current front office structure , personnel , or day - to - day operations of the Braves . Liberty Media is not expected to take any type of `` active '' ownership in terms of day - to - day operations . On May 16 , 2007 , Major League Baseball 's owners approved the sale of the Braves from Time Warner to Liberty Media . The Braves are one of only two Major League Baseball teams under majority corporate ownership ( and the only NL team with this distinction ) ; the other team is the Toronto Blue Jays ( owned by Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications ) . 2007 : more struggles ( edit ) Main article : 2007 Atlanta Braves season Brian McCann bats for Atlanta in July 2007 On July 5 , Chipper Jones surpassed Dale Murphy for the Atlanta club record of 372 home runs by belting two against the Los Angeles Dodgers . After struggling during the second half of the 2007 season , Atlanta finished over . 500 and missed the post season again . On October 12 , 2007 , John Schuerholz stepped down as General Manager to take over as team president . Assistant GM Frank Wren took over as General Manager . 2009 : the return of solid pitching ( edit ) Main article : 2009 Atlanta Braves season Kenshin Kawakami pitching for the Braves in 2009 On December 4 , 2008 , the Atlanta Braves received Javier Vázquez and Boone Logan , while the Chicago White Sox received prospects catcher Tyler Flowers , shortstop Brent Lillibridge , third baseman Jon Gilmore and pitcher Santos Rodriguez . On January 13 , 2009 , the Braves signed Japanese pitcher Kenshin Kawakami to a three - year deal , and two days later signed free agent pitcher Derek Lowe to a four - year contract . During the course of the offseason , the Braves signed veteran pitcher and former Brave Tom Glavine , while losing long - time Brave John Smoltz to the Boston Red Sox . On February 25 , 2009 , just before the start of spring training , Atlanta agreed to terms on a one - year contract with free - agent outfielder Garret Anderson . The additional outfield depth allowed the Braves to trade Josh Anderson to the Detroit Tigers for minor league pitcher Rudy Darrow on March 30 , 2009 . On June 3 , 2009 , the Braves acquired Nate McLouth from the Pittsburgh Pirates for prospects Jeff Locke , Charlie Morton and Gorkys Hernández . They also released veteran pitcher Tom Glavine . On July 10 , 2009 , the Braves traded outfielder Jeff Francoeur to the New York Mets for outfielder Ryan Church . On July 31 , 2009 , hours before the trade deadline , the Braves and Boston Red Sox swapped 1st basemen : Atlanta dealt Casey Kotchman to Boston and reacquired Adam LaRoche , whom the Braves had traded away during the 2006 -- 07 off - season to Pittsburgh . The Braves made a late - season surge , coming within 2 games of the wild card leading Colorado Rockies in late September . On October 1 , 2009 with the Braves four games back , Colorado beat the Milwaukee Brewers 9 -- 2 to clinch the wild card spot and end the Braves ' 2009 postseason hopes . 2010 : Cox 's final season ( edit ) Main article : 2010 Atlanta Braves season Braves manager Bobby Cox retired in 2010 after 25 years of management The 2010 Atlanta Braves Season features the Braves ' attempt to reclaim a postseason berth for the first time since 2005 . The Braves were once again skippered by Bobby Cox , now in his 25th and final season managing the team . The Braves started the 2010 season slowly and had a nine - game losing streak in April . Then they had a nine - game winning streak from May 26 through June 3 , the Braves longest since 2000 when they won 16 in a row . On May 31 , the Atlanta Braves defeated the then - first place Philadelphia Phillies at Turner Field to take sole possession of first place in the National League East standings , a position they had maintained through the middle of August . The last time the Atlanta Braves led the NL East on August 1 was in 2005 . On July 13 , 2010 at the 2010 MLB All - Star Game in Anaheim , Braves catcher Brian McCann was awarded the All - Star Game MVP Award for his clutch two - out , three - run double in the seventh inning to give the National League its first win in the All - Star Game since 1996 . He became the first Brave to win the All - Star Game MVP Award since Fred McGriff did so in 1994 . The Braves made two deals before the trade deadline to acquire Álex González , Rick Ankiel and Kyle Farnsworth from the Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals , giving up shortstop Yunel Escobar , pitchers Jo - Jo Reyes and Jesse Chavez , outfielder Gregor Blanco and three minor leaguers . On August 18 , 2010 they traded three pitching prospects for first baseman Derrek Lee from the Chicago Cubs . On August 22 , 2010 against the Chicago Cubs , Mike Minor struck out 12 batters across 6 innings ; an Atlanta Braves single game rookie strikeout record . The Braves dropped to second in the NL East in early September , but won the NL Wild Card . They lost to the San Francisco Giants in the National League Division Series in four games . Every game of the series was determined by one run . After the series - clinching victory for the Giants in Game 4 , Bobby Cox was given a standing ovation by the fans , also by players and coaches of both the Braves and Giants . 2011 : Fredi González takes over ( edit ) Main article : 2011 Atlanta Braves season Braves closer Craig Kimbrel pitching in 2011 On October 13 , 2010 , the Atlanta Braves announced that Fredi González would replace long - time Braves manager Bobby Cox as manager of the team in 2011 . The announcement came just two days after the 2010 Braves were eliminated from the postseason . It was also announced that pitching coach Roger McDowell , third - base coach Brian Snitker , and bullpen coach Eddie Pérez would retain their current positions , while former hitting coach Terry Pendleton would replace Glenn Hubbard as the first - base coach and newcomer Carlos Tosca would become the new bench coach . Hubbard and former bench coach Chino Cadahia were not offered positions on the new coaching staff . Larry Parrish was hired as hitting coach on October 29 , 2010 . On November 16 , 2010 in an offseason trade , the Braves acquired Dan Uggla from the Florida Marlins in exchange for left - handed reliever Mike Dunn and infielder Omar Infante . According to Elias Sports Bureau , the Braves had an all - time franchise win - loss record over . 500 for the first time since 1923 after their win over the Houston Astros on June 11 , 2011 . The Braves franchise became the third franchise in MLB history to reach 10,000 wins with their win over the Washington Nationals on July 15 , 2011 . On July 31 , 2011 , just sixteen days after registering their 10,000 th win , the Florida Marlins defeated the Braves by a score of 3 -- 1 , handing the team the 10,000 th loss in franchise history . The Braves become only the second team in big league history with 10,000 losses after the Philadelphia Phillies reached the plateau in 2007 . Players from the Braves ' farm system , such as Freddie Freeman and Brandon Beachy , played regularly with the big league club , while Julio Teherán , Randall Delgado , and Mike Minor were called up for spot starts . With late season injuries to starters Jair Jurrjens and Tommy Hanson , these three young pitchers made their way into the starting rotation in their absence . Eight players made their major league debuts for the team in 2011 . September collapse ( edit ) The Braves led the National League Wild Card standings for much of the 2011 season , with the division - rival Philadelphia Phillies firmly in control of first place in the National League East . The Braves entered the final month of the regular season 25 games above . 500 with a record of 80 -- 55 and an 8 ⁄ - game lead in the Wild Card standings . The nearest team trailing them , the St. Louis Cardinals , who also trailed the National League Central - leading Milwaukee Brewers by 8 ⁄ games at the time , were considered a long - shot to gain a spot in the postseason . Just days prior on August 26 , the Cardinals found themselves 10 ⁄ games behind and in third place . With 27 games to play , the Braves went 9 -- 18 in September to finish the season with a record of 89 -- 73 . The Cardinals , meanwhile , went 18 -- 8 to finish at 90 -- 72 . Braves closer Craig Kimbrel , who had not surrendered a single earned run in July or August , carried a 4.76 ERA in September with three blown saves . After being dominant in his role for much of the season , Braves setup man Jonny Venters posted a 5.11 September ERA . These sharp declines in both relievers led many critics to question the handling of the bullpen by Braves manager Fredi González . Veteran starter Derek Lowe posted a win - loss record of 0 -- 5 in September with an ERA of 8.75 . Shortly into the offseason , Lowe would be traded to the Cleveland Indians . The Braves starters lasted six or more innings only three times over the last 23 games . Over the last five games , all of which were losses for the Braves , the team managed to score only seven runs . Braves catcher Brian McCann , often regarded as the best offensive catcher in the Majors , hit only . 183 with two home runs in September . The offense as a whole hit for only a . 235 batting average and a . 300 on - base percentage in September , both second - worst in the National League . The . 195 RISP average by Braves hitters was second worst in the Majors . Hitting coach Larry Parrish was fired two days following the last game of the season . 2012 : Chipper 's last season ( edit ) Chipper Jones salutes the crowd at Turner Field prior to his final regular season game on September 30 , 2012 . Jones announced he would retire after 19 seasons with the Braves In 2012 , the Braves began their 138th season after an upsetting end to the 2011 season . On March 22 , the Braves announced that third baseman Chipper Jones would retire following the 2012 season after 19 Major League seasons with the team . The Braves also lost many key players through trades or free agency , including pitcher Derek Lowe , shortstop Alex González , and outfielder Nate McLouth . To compensate for this , the team went on to receive many key players such as outfielder Michael Bourn , along with shortstops Tyler Pastornicky and Andrelton Simmons . To fill the void of a quality starting pitcher left by Lowe ( as well as a mid-season injury to Brandon Beachy ) , manager Fredi González elected relief pitcher Kris Medlen to the starting pitching rotation . The Braves went on to win every game Medlen started , setting the MLB record for most consecutive wins when a single pitcher starts ( total of 23 ) . Atlanta stayed close to the Washington Nationals in the race to win the National League East title . They also stayed on top of the National League Wild Card race . Washington ended up winning their first division title in franchise history , but the Braves remained in first place of the NL wild card race . Keeping with a new MLB rule for the 2012 season , the top two wild card teams in each league must play each other in a playoff game before entering into the Division Series . The Braves played the St. Louis Cardinals in the first ever Wild Card Game . The Braves were behind 6 -- 3 in the bottom of the eighth inning when Andrelton Simmons hit a fly ball to left field that dropped in between the Cardinals shortstop and left fielder . Umpire Sam Holbrook called Simmons out , citing the infield fly rule . Had an infield fly not been called , Simmons would have been credited with a single and Atlanta would have had the bases loaded with one out . Fans at Turner Field began to litter the field with debris , prompting the game to be delayed for 19 minutes . The Braves lost the game 6 -- 3 , ending their season . 2013 : Braves win the East ( edit ) Main article : 2013 Atlanta Braves season Evan Gattis catching for the Braves in 2013 During the offseason following a gut wrenching exit against the St. Louis Cardinals in the Wild Card Game , the Braves spent the 2012 -- 2013 offseason revamping and retooling their offense . The Braves turned heads across baseball by acquiring B.J. Upton from the Tampa Bay Rays , signing him to a 5 - year $75.25 million contract and making him their starting center fielder , and uniting him with his younger brother Justin Upton from the Arizona Diamondbacks in a seven player trade that sent fan favorite utility man Martín Prado to the Diamondbacks , they also filled a need for a new Third Baseman in Chris Johnson after the retirement of Chipper Jones the previous year . The Braves began the 2013 season with a hot start in April by going 17 -- 9 for the month , which saw the emergence of rookie sensation Evan Gattis , while taking hold of first place in the National League East division , a lead they would never relinquish for the rest of the season . The Braves suffered many injuries to key players throughout the season , including injuries to Jason Heyward , Brian McCann , Freddie Freeman , Eric O'Flaherty , Jonny Venters , Ramiro Pena and others , but found a way to win despite these blows to the team . Leading up to the All Star break , First Baseman Freddie Freeman was voted in to play for the 2013 National League All - Star Team , in the 2013 All Star Game , which he did not play . The Braves also witnessed the emergence of rookie pitcher Julio Teherán after much hype during Spring training . From July 26 to August 10 , the Braves won 14 games in a row . The winning streak was the longest of its kind since April -- May 2000 . On June 28 , 2013 the Atlanta Braves retired former third baseman Chipper Jones ' jersey , number 10 , before the game against the Arizona Diamondbacks . He was honored before 51,300 fans at Turner Field in Atlanta . He served as a staple of the Braves franchise for 19 years before announcing his retirement at the beginning of the 2012 season . Chipper Jones played his last regular season game for the Braves on September 30 , 2012 . The Braves opened up a 15 - game lead on the Washington Nationals in the National League East on September 3 , 2013 , riding that lead en route to its first division title since 2005 , the last of 14 straight division titles . This was also Braves manager Fredi González 's first division title since beginning his managerial career in 1990 ; including his first since becoming the manager of the Braves after the 2010 season . The Braves clinched the 18th division title in team history on September 22 , 2013 after a Nationals loss to the Marlins in the first game of a double header ; the Braves also won their game that day , beating the Chicago Cubs 5 -- 2 at Wrigley Field . After clinching the division title , they lost to the Dodgers 3 -- 1 in the Division Series . 2014 : losing season ( edit ) Jason Heyward runs the bases in 2014 On November 11 , 2013 , the Braves announced that they would vacate Turner Field for a new stadium in Cobb County , in the northwest suburbs outside of Atlanta in 2017 . The move is to follow the expiration of the Braves ' 20 - year lease on Turner Field in 2016 . The new stadium is to be constructed in a public / private partnership . During the offseason the Braves signed few of their young talents to multi year contracts ; Craig Kimbrel ( 4 years / $42 M ) , Freddie Freeman ( 8 years / $135 M ) , Kris Medlen ( 1 year / $5.8 M ) , Jason Heyward ( 2 years / $13.3 M ) , Julio Teherán ( 6 years / $32.4 M ) and Andrelton Simmons ( 7 years / $58 M ) . The Braves finished the season in a distant second place with a 79 -- 83 record , which was their first losing season since 2008 and only their third since 1990 . 2015 -- 2016 : rebuilding ( edit ) Prior to the 2015 season , the Braves fired their General Manager Frank Wren , and John Hart replaced him as interim general manager , choosing to only take the title of President of Baseball Operations . The Braves promptly traded Gold Glove Award winner Jason Heyward to the St. Louis Cardinals along with pitcher Jordan Walden for pitchers Shelby Miller and Tyrell Jenkins . Hart would then trade All Star left fielder Justin Upton to the San Diego Padres for Max Fried , Jace Peterson , Dustin Peterson , and Mallex Smith . Catcher Evan Gattis and minor league prospect James Hoyt were traded to the Houston Astros for minor leaguers Mike Foltynewicz , Rio Ruiz , and Andrew Thurman . A day before the season began , the Braves made a final trade involving former All - Star Craig Kimbrel and outfielder Melvin Upton Jr ... They were traded to the San Diego Padres for outfielders Cameron Maybin and Carlos Quentin along with two minor league players . By the beginning of the season , the Braves did 11 trades in all . Prior to the start of the 2016 regular season , the Braves continued their offseason rebuilding by trading Andrelton Simmons to the Los Angeles Angels for Erick Aybar , and pitching prospects Sean Newcomb and Chris Ellis and $2.5 million . They agreed to 1 year contracts with Kelly Johnson , Chris Withrow , and Arodys Vizcaino , and agreed to terms on a minor league contract for Carlos Torres and Jeff Francoeur . The Braves would end up purchasing the Major League contract of Francoeur . On April 13 , 2016 , Hector Olivera was arrested and charged with the assault of a woman at the team hotel when the Braves were in Washington D.C. facing the Nationals . He was placed on Administrative Leave by Major League Baseball and was placed on the Braves Restricted List until further disciplinary action is given . The Braves began the season on a nine - game losing streak , which is the worst opening by the franchise since 1988 , when they dropped the first 10 games of that season . After a 9 -- 28 start in 2016 , Fredi González was fired on May 17 and replaced by third base coach Brian Snitker as interim general manager . Snitker replaced González once before in the 2006 -- 07 off - season as the Braves third base coach when González left the Braves to manage the Marlins . The Braves finished the season 68 -- 93 and in last place in NL East . During the 2016 off - season , the Braves signed pitchers R.A. Dickey and Bartolo Colón and promoted interim manager Brian Snitker to full - time manager . 2017 : SunTrust park and front office changes ( edit ) SunTrust Park prior to its first regular - season game The Braves opened their new stadium , SunTrust Park , on April 14 , 2017 , with a four - game sweep of the San Diego Padres . The park received positive reviews . Woody Studenmund of the Hardball Times called the park a `` gem '' and he was impressed with `` the compact beauty of the stadium and its exciting approach to combining baseball , business and social activities . '' J.J. Cooper of Baseball America praised the `` excellent sight lines for pretty much every seat . '' Cooper also noted that `` the Wi - Fi works and it 's very fast , even with a park full of smartphone users . '' On October 2 , 2017 , John Coppolella resigned as general manager of the Braves amid a Major League Baseball investigation into Atlanta 's international signings , having committed what the Braves termed `` a breach of MLB rules regarding the international player market '' . On November 13 , 2017 , the Braves announced Alex Anthopoulos as the new general manager and executive vice president . John Hart was removed as team president and assumed a senior adviser role with the organization . Braves chairman Terry McGuirk apologized to fans `` on behalf of the entire Braves family '' for the scandal . McGuirk described Anthopoulos as `` a man of integrity '' and that `` he will operate in a way that will make all of our Braves fans proud . '' On November 17 , 2017 , the Braves announced that John Hart had stepped down as senior advisor for the organization . Hart said in a statement that `` with the hiring of Alex Anthopoulos as general manager , this organization is in great hands . '' MLB investigation and penalties ( edit ) On November 21 , 2017 , Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred announced the findings of the MLB investigation into Atlanta 's international signings . Manfred ruled that the Braves must forfeit 13 international prospects , including highly touted Kevin Maitan , an infielder from Venezuela who signed for $4.25 million in 2016 . The team also forfeited a third - round draft pick in the 2018 draft . Former Braves general manager John Coppolella was placed on baseball 's permanently ineligible list . Additionally , the Braves shall be prohibited from signing any international player for more than $10,000 during the 2019 -- 20 signing period and their international signing bonus pool for the 2020 -- 21 signing period will be reduced by 50 percent . For a full season - by - season list , see List of Atlanta Braves seasons . World Series championships ( edit ) Over its 138 seasons , the Braves franchise has won a total of three World Series Championships , one in each of the three cities they have played in . Season Manager Opponent Series Score Record 1914 ( Boston ) George Stallings Philadelphia Athletics 4 -- 0 94 -- 59 1957 ( Milwaukee ) Fred Haney New York Yankees 4 -- 3 95 -- 59 1995 ( Atlanta ) Bobby Cox Cleveland Indians 4 -- 2 90 -- 54 Total World Series championships : 3 Major rivalries ( edit ) New York Mets ( edit ) Main article : Braves -- Mets rivalry The Braves -- Mets rivalry is a rivalry between the two teams , featuring the Braves and the New York Mets as they both play in the National League East . Although their first major confrontation occurred when the Mets swept the Braves in the 1969 NLCS , en route to their first World Series championship , the first playoff series won by an expansion team ( also the first playoff appearance by an expansion team ) , the rivalry did not become especially heated until the 1994 season when division realignment put both the Mets and the Braves in the NL East division . During this time the Braves became one of the most dominant teams in professional baseball , earning 14 straight division titles through 2005 , including five world series berths , and one world series championship during the 1995 season . The rivalry remained heated through the early 2000s . Philadelphia Phillies ( edit ) While their rivalry with the Philadelphia Phillies lacks the history and hatred of the Mets , it has been the more important one in the last decade . Between 1993 and 2013 , the two teams reigned almost exclusively as NL East champions , the exceptions being in 2006 , when the Mets won their first division title since 1988 ( no division titles were awarded in 1994 due to the player 's strike ) , and in 2012 , when the Washington Nationals claimed their first division title since 1981 when playing as the Montreal Expos . The Phillies 1993 championship was also part of a four - year reign of exclusive division championships by the Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates , their in - state rivals . While rivalries are generally characterized by mutual hatred , the Braves and Phillies deeply respect each other . Each game played ( 18 games in 2011 ) is vastly important between these two NL East giants , but at the end of the day , they are very similar organizations . Overall , the Braves have one more National League East division title than the Phillies , having won 12 times each since 1969 , with the Braves holding it for eleven consecutive years from 1995 through 2005 . Uniforms ( edit ) The Braves currently have five different game baseball uniform combinations . The home uniforms consist of a standard white uniform , a red , military appreciation jersey worn with the standard white pants , and a cream alternate uniform . The road uniforms consist of a standard gray uniform , and an alternate navy blue jersey worn with the standard gray pants . The white home uniform , introduced in 1987 , is the primary home uniform . The jersey has `` Braves '' written in script across the chest with the tomahawk logo underneath . The jersey also includes piping around the collar and down the front of the jersey and around the bottom of the sleeves . Player numbers appear on the back of the jersey with a nameplate above . The Braves script , player numbers , and piping are red with a navy blue border . The tomahawk is primarily red with blue and yellow detail and a navy blue border . The white pants have identical piping to the jersey about the belt loops and down the outside seam of the pants . The player names consist of navy blue lettering sewn to a white nameplate . The player names originally used vertically arched lettering but , since 2006 , the team has used radially arched lettering . The white uniform is paired with the standard home cap . It is a red brimmed , navy blue cap with a white embroidered `` script A '' logo . The home batting helmet is identical to the primary home cap . The gray road uniforms are the primary road uniform . The uniforms are identical to the white home uniforms with the exception of the `` Braves '' script , which is replaced by the `` Atlanta '' script . Player names are sewn to a gray nameplate . The primary uniforms are very similar to the uniforms that the Braves wore from 1946 to 1965 -- during their latter years in Boston and throughout their tenure in Milwaukee . The red , military appreciation jersey was introduced on February 5 , 2014 . The jerseys feature navy blue piping with a white border , the Braves script in blue with white stars , and the American Flag on the left sleeve . The updated red jerseys will not include the tomahawk logo . The jerseys will be worn for five home games in 2014 : April 26 vs. the Cincinnati Reds ( military family night ) , June 13 vs. the LA Angels of Anaheim ( celebrating the Army ) , July 26 vs. the San Diego Padres ( celebrating the Marines ) , Aug. 30 vs. the Miami Marlins ( celebrating the Navy ) , and September 19 vs. NY Mets ( celebrating the Air Force ) . The jerseys will be paired with camouflage caps . The military appreciation jerseys replace the red jerseys introduced in 2005 . Worn with the white pants , these jerseys included the same elements as the white jerseys , with the Braves script , player numbers , and piping in navy blue with a white border . The tomahawk was primarily blue , with red and yellow detail and a white border . The player names consisted of white lettering sewn to a red nameplate . These jerseys were paired with an alternate home cap , which was a red brimmed , navy blue cap with a red , embroidered `` script A '' logo with a tomahawk , outlined in white . The alternate cap did not have a matching batting helmet . The red alternate jerseys were worn for Sunday home games from 2005 to 2011 . The only exceptions to this were the opening game of the 2005 NLDS , which was played on a Wednesday , and on Memorial Day in 2006 . The 2006 Memorial Day game is also the only time the red jerseys were paired with the primary home cap . With the introduction of the cream uniform in 2012 , the red jerseys were worn for Friday night home games from 2012 to 2013 . However , the Braves chose to wear the traditional white jerseys for their 2012 home opener , which took place on Friday , April 13 . The cream alternate uniforms were introduced in February 2012 as a tribute to the Braves ' first season in Atlanta in 1966 . The jersey includes the `` Braves '' script across the breastplate , but the player number replaces the tomahawk underneath the `` Braves '' script on the left placket . Player numbers and the `` Braves '' script are in red with a navy blue border . The player names consist of navy blue lettering sewn to a cream nameplate . The jersey has a thin , navy piping about the collar and down the front of the jersey . There is no piping around the sleeves . The cream pants include piping identical to the jersey down the outside seam . The left sleeve of the jersey has a `` crossed tomahawk '' logo that replaces the `` screaming Indian '' logo that appeared on the 1966 jerseys . The new logo has two , primarily red , crossed tomahawks . Underneath the tomahawks is a blue circle outlined in red , with `` 1876 '' in red above ( commemorating the year the franchise was founded ) , and `` Atlanta Braves '' in white below . The cream uniforms are paired with the standard home cap and are worn for Saturday and Sunday home games . The alternate navy blue road jerseys were introduced on opening night of the 2008 season against the Washington Nationals . Worn with the gray road pants , the jerseys feature the `` Atlanta '' script on the breastplate in navy blue with a white outline . The tomahawk is primarily navy blue with red and yellow detail and a white border . The player numbers are blue with white borders and the player names are white letters sewn to a navy blue nameplate . The navy blue jerseys have no piping either on the sleeves or around the collar . From 1987 to 2008 , the red brimmed , primary home cap was also worn on the road . However , when the navy blue jerseys were introduced in 2008 , they were paired with a navy blue cap , similar to the team 's road cap worn from 1966 to 1971 . While the red brimmed cap was still primarily worn with the gray road uniforms , the team sometimes wore the navy blue cap with the gray jerseys , and the red brimmed cap was occasionally worn with the navy blue jerseys . The red brimmed home batting helmets were also worn on the road from 1987 through 2008 . Beginning in 2009 , the navy blue cap became the official road cap and was paired with a navy blue road batting helmet . Unlike the home uniforms , which are worn based on a schedule , the road uniforms are chosen on game day by the starting pitcher . However , they are also subject to Major League Baseball rules requiring the road team to wear uniforms that contrast with the uniforms worn by the home team . Due to this rule , the gray uniforms are worn when the home team chooses to wear navy blue , and sometimes when the home team chooses to wear black . Logos ( edit ) See also : Native American , Atlanta Braves logo information From 1945 to 1955 the Braves primary logo consisted of the head of an Indian warrior . From 1956 to 1965 it was a laughing Indian with a mohawk and one feather in his hair . When the Braves moved to Atlanta in 1966 , the `` Braves '' script was added underneath the laughing Indian . In 1985 , the Braves made a small script change to the logo . The Braves modern logo debuted in 1987 . The modern logo is the word `` Braves '' in cursive with a tomahawk below it . In 2018 , the Braves made a subtle color change to the primary logo . Achievements ( edit ) Awards ( edit ) Main article : Atlanta Braves award winners and league leaders Team records ( edit ) Main article : List of Atlanta Braves team records Team captains ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Johnny Evers 1914 -- 1917 Eddie Mathews 1965 -- 1966 Hank Aaron 1969 -- 1974 Bob Horner 1982 -- 1986 Dale Murphy 1987 - 1990 Retired numbers ( edit ) See also : List of Major League Baseball retired numbers The Braves have retired eleven numbers in the history of the franchise , including most recently Chipper Jones ' number 10 in 2013 , John Smoltz 's number 29 in 2012 , Bobby Cox 's number 6 in 2011 , Tom Glavine 's number 47 in 2010 , and Greg Maddux 's number 31 in 2009 . Additionally , Hank Aaron 's 44 , Dale Murphy 's 3 , Phil Niekro 's 35 , Eddie Mathews ' 41 , Warren Spahn 's 21 and Jackie Robinson 's 42 , which is retired for all of baseball with the exception of Jackie Robinson Day , have also been retired . The color and design of the retired numbers reflect the uniform design at the time the person was on the team , excluding Robinson . Dale Murphy OF Retired June 13 , 1994 Bobby Cox Retired August 12 , 2011 Chipper Jones 3B Retired June 28 , 2013 Warren Spahn Retired December 11 , 1965 Smoltz Retired June 8 , 2012 Greg Maddux Retired July 17 , 2009 Phil Niekro Retired August 6 , 1984 Eddie Mathews 3B Retired July 26 , 1969 Hank Aaron RF Retired April 15 , 1977 Tom Glavine Retired August 6 , 2010 Jackie Robinson All MLB Honored April 15 , 1997 Of the ten Braves whose numbers have been retired , all who are eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame have been elected with the exception of Murphy , whose eligibility has expired . Braves Hall of Fame ( edit ) Main article : Ivan Allen , Jr . Braves Museum and Hall of Fame Baseball Hall of famers ( edit ) Main article : List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame Atlanta Braves Hall of Famers Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Boston Braves Earl Averill Dave Bancroft Dan Brouthers John Clarkson * Jimmy Collins Hugh Duffy * Johnny Evers Burleigh Grimes Billy Hamilton Billy Herman Rogers Hornsby Joe Kelley King Kelly Ernie Lombardi Rabbit Maranville Rube Marquard Tommy McCarthy Bill McKechnie Joe Medwick Kid Nichols * Jim O'Rourke Charley Radbourn Babe Ruth Frank Selee * * Al Simmons George Sisler Casey Stengel Ed Walsh Lloyd Waner Paul Waner Deacon White Vic Willis * * George Wright Harry Wright Cy Young Milwaukee Braves Eddie Mathews Red Schoendienst Enos Slaughter Warren Spahn Atlanta Braves Hank Aaron Orlando Cepeda Bobby Cox Tom Glavine Chipper Jones Greg Maddux * * * Phil Niekro Gaylord Perry John Schuerholz * * John Smoltz Bruce Sutter Joe Torre Hoyt Wilhelm Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Braves cap insignia . * Has no insignia on his cap due to playing at a time when caps bore no insignia . * * Hall of Fame plaque depiction is without a cap . In Schuerholz ' case , this is because he was elected as an executive . * * * No cap insignia on Hall of Fame plaque . Ford C. frick Award recipients ( broadcasters ) ( edit ) Atlanta Braves Ford C. Frick Award recipients Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Milo Hamilton Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Braves . Georgia Sports Hall of Fame ( edit ) Main article : Georgia Sports Hall of Fame Braves in the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame No . Player Position Tenure Notes -- Paul Richards GM 1967 -- 1972 -- John Schuerholz GM President 1990 -- 2007 2007 -- present -- Skip Caray Broadcaster 1976 -- 2008 -- George Stallings Manager 1913 -- 1920 Born in Augusta Dale Murphy OF 1976 -- 1990 Jo - Jo White Coach 1963 -- 1966 Born in Red Oak 5 , 31 Whit Wyatt Coach 1958 -- 1967 Born in Kensington , attended Georgia Tech 6 Bobby Cox Manager 1978 -- 1981 1990 -- 2010 10 Chipper Jones 3B / LF 1993 -- 2012 13 Blue Moon Odom Elected mainly on his performance with Oakland A 's , grew up in Macon 29 John Smoltz 1988 -- 1999 2001 -- 2008 32 Ernie Johnson Broadcaster 1950 , 1952 -- 1958 1962 -- 1999 35 Phil Niekro 1964 -- 1983 , 1987 36 Bob Hendley 1961 -- 1963 Born in Macon 44 Hank Aaron RF 1954 -- 1974 Players ( edit ) Current roster ( edit ) Atlanta Braves roster Active roster Inactive roster Coaches / Other Pitchers Starting rotation 26 Mike Foltynewicz 45 Kevin Gausman 15 Sean Newcomb 19 Aníbal Sánchez 49 Julio Teherán Bullpen 36 Kolby Allard 63 Jesse Biddle 46 Brad Brach 64 Luke Jackson 33 A.J. Minter 61 Chad Sobotka 48 Jonny Venters 58 Daniel Winkler Catchers 25 Tyler Flowers 24 Kurt Suzuki Infielders 1 Ozzie Albies 17 Johan Camargo 16 Charlie Culberson 27 Ryan Flaherty 5 Freddie Freeman 7 Dansby Swanson Outfielders 13 Ronald Acuña Jr . 23 Adam Duvall 11 Ender Inciarte 22 Nick Markakis Pitchers 50 Chad Bell 51 Shane Carle 39 Sam Freeman 54 Max Fried 53 Luiz Gohara 68 Adam McCreery 30 Peter Moylan 67 Wes Parsons 65 Ricardo Sánchez 38 Arodys Vizcaíno -- Chase Whitley Infielders 14 Rio Ruiz Outfielders 18 Dustin Peterson 57 Michael Reed Manager 43 Brian Snitker Coaches 59 José Castro ( assistant hitting ) 60 Sal Fasano ( catching coach ) 55 Chuck Hernandez ( pitching ) 34 Marty Reed ( bullpen ) 28 Kevin Seitzer ( hitting ) -- Dave Wallace ( special assistant to pitching ) 37 Ron Washington ( third base ) 4 Walt Weiss ( bench ) 99 José Yepez ( bullpen catcher ) 2 Eric Young ( first base ) 60 - day disabled list 75 Grant Dayton -- Jacob Lindgren 32 Brandon McCarthy -- Darren O'Day 52 Jose Ramirez 40 Mike Soroka 25 active , 14 inactive 7 - or 10 - day disabled list Suspended list Personal leave Roster and coaches updated August 11 , 2018 Transactions Depth chart → All MLB rosters Minor league affiliates ( edit ) Main article : List of Atlanta Braves minor league affiliates Level Team League Location AAA Gwinnett Stripers International League Lawrenceville , Georgia AA Mississippi Braves Southern League Pearl , Mississippi Advanced A Florida Fire Frogs Florida State League Kissimmee , Florida Rome Braves South Atlantic League Rome , Georgia Rookie Danville Braves Appalachian League Danville , Virginia GCL Braves Gulf Coast League Lake Buena Vista , Florida DSL Braves Dominican Summer League Dominican Republic Home attendance ( edit ) Turner Field ( edit ) Home Attendance at Turner Field Year Total Attendance Game Average Stadium Capacity by % Major League Rank by # Major League Rank by % 1997 3,464,488 42,771 1998 3,360,860 41,492 1999 3,284,897 40,554 2000 3,234,304 39,930 2001 2,823,530 34,858 69.6 % 12th 15th 2002 2,603,484 32,142 64.2 % 13th 14th 2003 2,401,084 30,393 60.7 % 10th 14th 2,327,565 29,399 58.7 % 16th 21st 2005 2,521,167 31,126 62.9 % 16th 19th 2006 2,550,524 31,488 63.6 % 14th 16th 2007 2,745,207 33,891 67.7 % 14th 16th 2008 2,532,834 31,270 62.4 % 14th 19th 2009 2,373,631 29,304 58.5 % 15th 17th 2,510,119 30,989 61.9 % 13th 17th 2011 2,372,940 30,037 60.4 % 15th 20th 2012 2,420,171 29,879 60.1 % 15th 21st 2013 2,548,679 31,465 63.3 % 13th 21st 2014 2,354,305 29,065 58.4 % 18th 23rd 2015 2,001,392 25,017 50.3 % 24th 28th 2016 2,020,914 24,949 50.3 % 22nd 28th SunTrust Park ( edit ) Home Attendance at SunTrust Park Year Total Attendance Game Average Stadium Capacity by % Major League Rank by # Major League Rank by % 2017 2,505,252 30,929 75.3 % 13th 10th Radio and television ( edit ) Main articles : List of Atlanta Braves broadcasters , Braves TBS Baseball , and Atlanta Braves Radio Network After years of stability , the Braves have faced a period of transition in their radio and television coverage . The 2007 season was the last for Braves baseball on the TBS Superstation . TBS showed 70 games throughout the country , then cleared the decks to make way for a new national broadcast package that began in earnest with the 2007 postseason , and expanded to Sunday afternoon games in 2008 . Until his dismissal in 2009 , Chip Caray , one of the Braves ' current broadcasters , called play - by - play for the national package , which includes the Division Series every season and alternating coverage of the ALCS and NLCS . Caray is joined by Joe Simpson , who has provided color commentary for the Braves since 1992 . Braves baseball had been on TBS since it was WTCG in 1972 and had been a cornerstone of the national superstation since it began in 1976 . WPCH - TV / Peachtree TV , formerly WTBS Atlanta , still carried Braves games after 2007 , but only in parts of the Southern United States . After the transfer of the channel 's operations from Time Warner to Meredith Corporation , all Peachtree TV games were simulcast on Fox Sports South outside of the Peachtree TV coverage area in 2011 and 2012 . On February 27 , 2013 , it was announced that Fox Sports South and SportSouth ( now called Fox Sports Southeast ) would carry every regionally televised Braves game exclusively , ending the team 's partnership with WPCH - TV after 40 years . After the 2004 season , longtime radio flagship station 750 WSB was replaced by WGST 640AM . Due to WGST 's weak signal at night , which fails to cover the entire Atlanta metropolitan area , all games began to be simulcast on FM radio when the rights were transferred . The games first appeared on 96.1 WKLS ( formerly `` 96 Rock '' ) in 2005 , but moved to country music station 94.9 WUBL ( `` 94.9 The Bull '' ) in 2007 after WKLS underwent a change in format from classic rock to active rock and became Project 9 -- 6 -- 1 . As of the 2009 season , the Braves returned to WKLS on the FM frequency but remained on WGST on AM . It was announced that for the 2010 season , the Braves will be flagshipped on WCNN 680 The Fan and in Atlanta on the AM dial and WNNX 100.5 FM . The Atlanta Braves radio network currently serves 134 radio stations across the Southern United States , including 20 in Alabama , 4 in Florida , 68 in Georgia , 1 in Mississippi , 13 in North Carolina , 14 in South Carolina , and 14 in Tennessee . Since 2009 , the radio announcers have been former Brewers announcer Jim Powell and Don Sutton . Sutton was released after the 2006 season and called Washington Nationals games on television from 2007 to 2008 , but he has since returned for the 2009 season . Longtime Braves voices Skip Caray and Pete Van Wieren were the primary play - by - play voices of Braves baseball until Skip 's sudden death on August 3 , 2008 , and Van Wieren 's retirement after the 2008 season . References ( edit ) Footnotes ( edit ) Jump up ^ The Braves were founded in 1871 . The Cubs are a full season older ( originally formed as the Chicago White Stockings in 1870 ) , Chicago did not sponsor a White Stockings team for two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire . The Braves have played more consecutive seasons . Citations ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 2018 Atlanta Braves Style Guide '' . Major League Baseball Properties . February 15 , 2018 . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Jump up ^ Oliviero , Helena ( April 17 , 2017 ) . `` Show your Atlanta Braves colors '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . The Atlanta Braves team colors are red , navy blue , gold and white . Jump up ^ Creamer , Chris ( February 28 , 2018 ) . `` Atlanta Braves Change Colours for 2018 Season '' . SportsLogos.Net . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Bloom , Barry M. ( May 16 , 2007 ) . `` Braves sale is approved '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Retrieved October 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Executive Offices '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Atlanta Braves . October 1 , 2015 . Retrieved October 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Nightengale , Bob ( November 13 , 2017 ) . `` Atlanta Braves hire Alex Anthopoulos as next general manager '' . USA Today . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bowman , Mark ( November 11 , 2013 ) . `` Braves leaving Turner Field for Cobb County '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Atlanta Braves . Retrieved October 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bowman , Mark ( January 17 , 2017 ) . `` Braves eye new Spring Training complex in North Port '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Atlanta Braves . Retrieved August 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Murdock , Zack ( January 17 , 2017 ) . `` Atlanta Braves pick Sarasota County for spring training '' . Sarasota Herald - Tribune . Retrieved February 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Yanks celebrate ninth straight East title '' . Retrieved July 11 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Braves have set lofty benchmark '' Archived February 19 , 2007 , at the Wayback Machine ... MLB.com , September 13 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : `` Story of the Braves '' . Atlanta Braves . November 1 , 2015 . Archived from the original on October 30 , 2015 . Retrieved November 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Events of Saturday , April 22 , 1876 . Retrosheet . Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ Noble , Marty ( September 23 , 2011 ) . `` MLB carries on strong , 200,000 games later : Look what they started on a ballfield in Philadelphia in 1876 '' . MLB.com . Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 30 . ( B ) aseball is about to celebrate its 200,000 th game -- ( in the division series on ) Saturday ( October 1 , 2011 ) ... Jump up ^ Thorn , John ( May 4 , 2015 ) . `` Why Is the National Association Not a Major League ... and Other Records Issues '' . OurGame.MLBlogs.com . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Retrieved November 1 , 2015 . The National Association , 1871 -- 1875 , shall not be considered as a ' major league ' due to its erratic schedule and procedures , but it will continue to be recognized as the first professional baseball league . Jump up ^ Kaese , Harold The Boston Braves , Northeaster University Press , 1948 . Jump up ^ `` 1914 Boston Braves Schedule by Baseball Almanac '' . Baseball-almanac.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 1914 New York Giants Schedule by Baseball Almanac '' . Baseball-almanac.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Cohen , Neft , Johnson and Deutsch , The World Series , The Dial Press , 1976 . ^ Jump up to : Neyer , Rob ( 2006 ) . Rob Neyer 's Big Book of Baseball Blunders . New York : Fireside . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7432 - 8491 - 2 . ^ Jump up to : Bodley , Hal ( September 16 , 1993 ) . `` Pirates OK new realignment '' . USA Today . p. 1C . The Pirates will switch from the East next season . They opposed the move last week when realignment was approved , but agreed to allow Atlanta to move to the East . ^ Jump up to : Olson , Lisa ( July 8 , 2003 ) . `` Crazy scene at Shea takes luster off Mets - Braves rivalry '' . New York Daily News . ^ Jump up to : The subway series : the Yankees , the Mets and a season to remember . St. Louis , Mo. : The Sporting News . 2000 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 89204 - 659 - 1 . Jump up ^ Chass , Murray ( October 17 , 2000 ) . `` From Wild Card to World Series '' . New York Times . Jump up ^ The Sporting News Baseball Record Book , 2007 , p. 29 . Jump up ^ Pelline , Jeff ( September 23 , 1995 ) . `` Time Warner Closes Deal for Turner '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ Isidore , Chris ( December 14 , 2005 ) . `` Time Warner considers Braves sale '' . CNNMoney.com . Retrieved April 27 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Burke , Monte ( May 5 , 2008 ) . `` Braves ' New World -- Forbes Magazine '' . Forbes . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Bowman , Mark ( May 16 , 2007 ) . `` Braves excited by news of team sale '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Atlanta Braves . Retrieved October 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bodley , Hal ( October 12 , 2007 ) . `` GM Schuerholz was Braves ' guiding force '' . USA Today . Retrieved April 25 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Bowman . Mark. `` Atlanta adds Vazquez to new - look staff , Braves complete deal for durable veteran starter , reliever Logan '' . mlb.com , December 4 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Tigers acquire Josh Anderson from Atlanta Braves '' MLB.com , March 30 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` MLB.mlb.com '' . MLB.mlb.com . May 31 , 2010 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Barry M. Bloom . `` MLB.mlb.com '' . MLB.mlb.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Sports.espn.go.com '' . ESPN . July 15 , 2010 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Sports.espn.go.com '' . ESPN . August 1 , 2010 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Mark Bowman . `` MLB.mlb.com '' . MLB.mlb.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Scores.espn.go.com '' . ESPN . August 22 , 2010 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Braves act quickly , name Gonzalez skipper '' . Atlanta.braves.mlb.com . October 13 , 2010 . Archived from the original on June 16 , 2011 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN -- Elias Says : Sports Statistics -- Stats from the Elias Sports Bureau -- ESPN '' . ESPN . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MLB Game Recap -- Nationals v Braves ajc.com '' . Ajc.stats.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Florida vs. Atlanta Recap : Marlins beat Atlanta 3 -- 1 , Braves ' 10,000 th loss '' . Sports Illustrated . July 31 , 2011 . Retrieved August 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Atlanta team statistics for 2010 , 2011 . baseball-reference.com . Accessed May 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Braves collapsed before playoffs '' . ESPN . 29 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Anatomy of a Collapse ( Or Three ) '' . MLB Blog Buzz . September 29 , 2011 . Archived from the original on October 16 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : O'Brien , David ( October 1 , 2011 ) . `` Chronology of Braves ' collapse '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Archived from the original on October 3 , 2011 . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Lowe dealt to Tribe for Minor League reliever '' . atlantabraves.com. 31 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Braves complete colossal collapse , lose to Phils '' . CBS Sports . 29 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Parrish let go as Braves hitting coach '' . atlantabraves.com. 30 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` B.J. Upton introduced in Atlanta after signing deal '' . Jump up ^ `` Justin Upton introduced , takes his place with Braves '' . Jump up ^ `` Atlanta Braves beat Miami Marlins for 14th straight win '' . USA Today . Jump up ^ `` Braves retire Chipper 's No. 10 before game '' . Jump up ^ `` Braves overcome injuries to capture National League East title '' . Jump up ^ `` The Braves are leaving Turner Field after the 2016 season '' . NBCSports.com . November 11 , 2013 . Retrieved November 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Braves plan to build new stadium in Cobb '' . Jump up ^ Brown , Maury ( November 11 , 2013 ) . `` Atlanta Braves Plan On Moving Into New $672 Million Ballpark In Cobb Co . -- Forbes '' . Forbes . Jump up ^ `` Atlanta Braves announce plans to move to new stadium '' . USA Today . Jump up ^ The Marietta Daily Journal -- Braves headed to Cobb in 2017 Jump up ^ `` Stunning news : Atlanta Braves moving to Cobb '' . Jump up ^ Braves leaving Turner Field , building new stadium in Cobb Co . -- Atlanta News , Weather , Traffic , and Sports FOX 5 Archived November 11 , 2013 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Braves ship Heyward to Cards in 4 - player deal '' . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` Braves trade Gattis to Astros for 3 prospects '' . Jump up ^ `` Padres acquire Kimbrel , M. Upton from Braves '' . Jump up ^ `` Braves ' Hector Olivera arrested for assault '' . Jump up ^ Waldstein , David ( 2016 - 11 - 10 ) . `` R.A. Dickey Is n't Done ; Signs One - Year Deal With Atlanta Braves '' . The New York Times . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` BASEBALL : Atlanta Braves officially sign pitcher Bartolo Colon '' . savannahnow.com . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 18 . Jump up ^ Studenmund , Woody ( May 3 , 2017 ) . `` Atlanta 's SunTrust Park : The First of a New Generation ? '' . Hardball Times . Retrieved November 18 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Cooper , J.J. ( May 2 , 2017 ) . `` Braves ' New Ballpark Has All Modern Touches , But It 's What Surrounds SunTrust Park That Makes It Stand Out '' . Baseball America . Retrieved November 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Braves GM John Coppolella Resigns Amid MLB Investigation Over International Signings '' . Sports Illustrated . October 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Braves hire former Dodgers , Blue Jays exec Alex Anthopoulos as GM '' . ESPN . November 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` John Hart steps down as senior advisor for Braves '' . ESPN . November 17 , 2017 . Retrieved November 18 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ex-Braves GM John Coppolella permanently banned ; team loses prospects '' . ESPN . November 21 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Chass , Murray ( September 16 , 1993 ) . `` Pirates Relent on New Alignment '' . New York Times . p . B14 . Jump up ^ Collier , Gene ( September 27 , 1993 ) . `` Pirates , Phillies Have Owned the Outgoing NL East Division '' . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . p . D1 . Jump up ^ Schultz , Jeff . `` If Braves send message to Phillies , it will be done nicely '' . The Atlanta Journal Constitution . Archived from the original on April 11 , 2011 . Retrieved May 26 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Braves Uniforms '' . Major League Baseball Advanced Media . Retrieved January 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walton , Carroll Rogers ( February 11 , 2014 ) . `` Braves to honor military with alternative jerseys '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Braves introduce alternate jersey '' . Jump up ^ O'Brien , David ( February 5 , 2014 ) . `` Braves ' home - red jerseys dropped from lineup '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Atlanta Braves unveil a new alternate home uniform '' . MLB Advanced Media . February 6 , 2012 . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Boston Braves Logos '' . SportsLogos.net . Retrieved June 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Milwaukee Braves Logos '' . SportsLogos.net . Retrieved June 19 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Atlanta Braves Logos '' . SportsLogos.net . Retrieved June 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Araton , Harvey ( April 14 , 2010 ) . `` Yankees ' Mariano Rivera Is the Last No. 42 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved July 30 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Pahigian , Josh ; Kevin O'Connell ( 2004 ) . The Ultimate Baseball Road - trip : A Fan 's Guide to Major League Stadiums . Globe Pequot . ISBN 1 - 59228 - 159 - 1 . ^ Jump up to : `` Atlanta Braves Attendance '' . baseball-reference.com . Retrieved 24 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` MLB NOTEBOOK : FSN reaches agreement with Peachtree TV to broadcast 45 Braves games in 2011 ; Ex-Braves Jones signs with Yanks '' . Albanyherald.com . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Tucker , Tim ( March 1 , 2013 ) . `` Braves ' TV deal changes ; games move off Peachtree TV '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Press Release - `` Atlanta Braves and Clear Channel Announce Move to Project 9 -- 6 -- 1 for 2009 Games . '' March 2 , 2009 . Retrieved July 8 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Affiliate Radio Stations braves.com : Schedule '' . Atlanta.braves.mlb.com . Archived from the original on July 14 , 2011 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Rogers , Carroll ( January 27 , 2009 ) . `` Sutton rejoins Braves ' broadcast team '' . Ajc.com . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Sportingnews.com '' . Sportingnews.com . Archived from the original on August 9 , 2008 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Mark Bowman ( October 21 , 2008 ) . `` Atlanta.braves.mlb.com '' . Atlanta.braves.mlb.com . Archived from the original on June 16 , 2011 . Retrieved July 25 , 2011 . Further reading ( edit ) Wilkinson , Jack ( 2007 ) . Game of my Life : Atlanta Braves . Champaign , Illinois : Sports Publishing LLC . ISBN 978 - 1 - 59670 - 099 - 4 . Green , Jr. , Ron ( 2008 ) . 101 Reasons to Love the Braves . Stewart , Tabori & Chang . ISBN 978 - 1 - 58479 - 670 - 1 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlanta Braves . Atlanta Braves official website Team index page at Baseball Reference Milwaukee Braves informational website Sports Illustrated Atlanta Braves Page ESPN Atlanta Braves Page History of the Boston Braves on MassHistory.com Achievements Preceded by Philadelphia Athletics 1913 World Series champions Boston Braves 1914 Succeeded by Boston Red Sox 1915 Preceded by New York Yankees 1956 World Series champions Milwaukee Braves 1957 Succeeded by New York Yankees 1958 Preceded by Toronto Blue Jays 1993 World Series champions Atlanta Braves 1995 Succeeded by New York Yankees hide Achievements Preceded by Chicago White Stockings 1876 National League champions Boston Red Caps 1877 and 1878 Succeeded by Providence Grays 1879 Preceded by Chicago White Stockings 1882 National League champions Boston Beaneaters 1883 Succeeded by Providence Grays 1884 Preceded by Brooklyn Bridegrooms 1890 National League champions Boston Beaneaters 1891 -- 1893 Succeeded by Baltimore Orioles 1894 Preceded by Baltimore Orioles 1896 National League champions Boston Beaneaters 1897 and 1898 Succeeded by Brooklyn Superbas 1899 Preceded by New York Giants 1913 National League champions Boston Braves 1914 Succeeded by Philadelphia Phillies 1915 Preceded by Brooklyn Dodgers 1947 National League champions Boston Braves 1948 Succeeded by Brooklyn Dodgers 1949 Preceded by Brooklyn Dodgers 1956 National League champions Milwaukee Braves 1957 and 1958 Succeeded by Los Angeles Dodgers 1959 Preceded by Cincinnati Reds 1990 National League champions Atlanta Braves 1991 and 1992 Succeeded by Philadelphia Phillies 1993 Preceded by Philadelphia Phillies 1993 National League champions Atlanta Braves 1995 and 1996 Succeeded by Florida Marlins 1997 Preceded by San Diego Padres 1998 National League champions Atlanta Braves 1999 Succeeded by New York Mets 2000 Atlanta Braves Established in 1871 Formerly the Boston Red Stockings , Boston Red Caps , Boston Beaneaters , Boston Doves , Boston Rustlers , Boston Bees , Boston Braves and the Milwaukee Braves Based in Atlanta , Georgia Franchise History Boston Braves Museum & Hall of Fame Award winners & league leaders Records No - hitters Seasons Owners and executives Managers Opening Day Starters Atlanta Boston and Milwaukee First - round draft picks Ballparks South End Grounds Congress Street Grounds South End Grounds Fenway Park Braves Field Milwaukee County Stadium Atlanta -- Fulton County Stadium Turner Field SunTrust Park Spring training St. Petersburg Athletic Park Braves Field Municipal Stadium Champion Stadium New spring training stadium ( future ) Culture Continental League Ted Turner Braves Bleacher Creature Chief Noc - A-Homa Homer Rally Braves TBS Baseball The Slugger 's Wife Big Three Hank Aaron : Chasing the Dream Trouble with the Curve Lore 1897 Temple Cup Hank Aaron 's 715th home run 1959 NL tie - breaker series Francisco Cabrera game Grand Slam Single 2012 NL Wild Card Game Fort Bragg Game Rivalries New York Mets Key personnel Owner : John C. Malone ( Liberty Media ) General Manager : John Hart Club President : John Schuerholz Manager : Brian Snitker World Series Championships ( 3 ) 1914 1957 1995 National League Championships ( 17 ) 1877 1878 1883 1891 1892 1893 1897 1898 1914 1948 1957 1958 1991 1992 1995 1999 World 's Championship Series Championships ( 1 ) 1892 National Association Championships ( 4 ) 1872 1873 1874 1875 Division titles ( 17 ) National League East 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2013 National League West 1969 1982 1991 1992 1993 Wild card berths ( 2 ) 2012 Minor league affiliates AAA : Gwinnett Stripers AA : Mississippi Braves A Adv. : Florida Fire Frogs A : Rome Braves Rookie Adv. : Danville Braves Rookie : GCL Braves DSL Braves Broadcasting Television Fox Sports South Fox Sports Southeast Radio Sports Radio 680 The Fan AM News Radio 106.7 FM Radio Network Seasons ( 148 ) 1870s 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880s 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890s 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900s 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910s 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Links to related articles Atlanta Braves retired numbers 3 Dale Murphy 6 Bobby Cox 10 Chipper Jones 21 Warren Spahn 29 John Smoltz 31 Greg Maddux 35 Phil Niekro 41 Eddie Mathews 44 Hank Aaron 47 Tom Glavine World Series Navigation Boxes Boston Braves 1914 World Series champions Ted Cather Joe Connolly Charlie Deal Josh Devore Johnny Evers Larry Gilbert Hank Gowdy Bill James Les Mann Rabbit Maranville Herbie Moran Dick Rudolph Butch Schmidt Paul Strand Lefty Tyler Bert Whaling Possum Whitted Manager George Stallings Regular season Milwaukee Braves 1957 World Series champions 1 Del Crandall 4 Red Schoendienst 5 Félix Mantilla 7 Del Rice 9 Joe Adcock 10 Bob Buhl 12 Bob Hazle 14 Frank Torre 15 Carl Sawatski 16 Dave Jolly 17 Taylor Phillips 18 John DeMerit 20 Don McMahon 21 Warren Spahn ( CYA ) 22 Gene Conley 23 Johnny Logan 25 Nippy Jones 30 Bob Trowbridge 32 Ernie Johnson 33 Lew Burdette ( World Series MVP ) 34 Juan Pizarro 41 Eddie Mathews 43 Wes Covington 44 Hank Aaron ( NL MVP ) 48 Andy Pafko Manager 2 Fred Haney Coaches 3 Johnny Riddle 8 Connie Ryan 31 Charlie Root 35 Bob Keely Regular season Atlanta Braves 1995 World Series champions 2 Rafael Belliard 4 Jeff Blauser 7 Dwight Smith 8 Javy López 9 Marquis Grissom 10 Chipper Jones 11 Charlie O'Brien 12 Eddie Pérez 16 Mike Mordecai 17 Luis Polonia 18 Ryan Klesko 20 Mark Lemke 23 David Justice 24 Mike Devereaux ( NLCS MVP ) 26 Alejandro Peña 27 Fred McGriff 29 John Smoltz 30 Ed Giovanola 31 Greg Maddux 33 Steve Avery 38 Greg McMichael 43 Mark Wohlers 47 Tom Glavine ( World Series MVP ) 50 Kent Mercker 51 Pedro Borbón , Jr . 52 Brad Clontz Manager 6 Bobby Cox Coaches Third Base Coach 22 Jimy Williams Bench Coach 26 Jim Beauchamp Hitting Coach 28 Clarence Jones First Base Coach 39 Pat Corrales Bullpen Coach 42 Ned Yost Pitching Coach 54 Leo Mazzone Coach 59 Frank Fultz Regular season National League Division Series National League Championship Series 19th century championship navigation boxes Boston Red Caps 1877 National League Champions Tommy Bond Lew Brown Andy Leonard John Morrill Tim Murnane Jim O'Rourke Harry Schafer Ezra Sutton Deacon White George Wright Manager : Harry Wright Boston Red Caps 1878 National League Champions Tommy Bond Jack Burdock Andy Leonard Jack Manning John Morrill Jim O'Rourke Pop Snyder Ezra Sutton George Wright Manager : Harry Wright Boston Beaneaters 1883 National League Champions Charlie Buffinton Jack Burdock Mert Hackett Mike Hines Joe Hornung John Morrill Paul Radford Edgar Smith Ezra Sutton Jim Whitney Sam Wise Managers Jack Burdock John Morrill Boston Beaneaters 1891 National League Champions Steve Brodie Charlie Bennett John Clarkson Charlie Ganzel Charlie Getzien Herman Long Bobby Lowe Billy Nash Kid Nichols Joe Quinn Harry Staley Harry Stovey Tommy Tucker Manager : Frank Selee Boston Beaneaters 1892 National League Champions Charlie Bennett John Clarkson Hugh Duffy Charlie Ganzel King Kelly Herman Long Bobby Lowe Tommy McCarthy Billy Nash Kid Nichols Joe Quinn Harry Staley Jack Stivetts Harry Stovey Tommy Tucker Manager : Frank Selee Boston Beaneaters 1893 National League Champions Charlie Bennett Cliff Carroll Hugh Duffy Charlie Ganzel Hank Gastright Herman Long Bobby Lowe Tommy McCarthy Bill Merritt Billy Nash Kid Nichols Harry Staley Jack Stivetts Tommy Tucker Manager Frank Selee Boston Beaneaters 1897 National League Champions Bob Allen Marty Bergen Jimmy Collins Hugh Duffy Charlie Ganzel Billy Hamilton Fred Klobedanz Ted Lewis Herman Long Bobby Lowe Kid Nichols Chick Stahl Jack Stivetts Jim Sullivan Fred Tenney George Yeager Manager : Frank Selee Boston Beaneaters 1898 National League Champions Marty Bergen Jimmy Collins Hugh Duffy Billy Hamilton Fred Klobedanz Ted Lewis Herman Long Bobby Lowe Kid Nichols General Stafford Chick Stahl Jack Stivetts Fred Tenney Vic Willis George Yeager Manager : Frank Selee Major League Baseball ( 2018 ) American League East Baltimore Orioles Boston Red Sox New York Yankees Tampa Bay Rays Toronto Blue Jays Central Chicago White Sox Cleveland Indians Detroit Tigers Kansas City Royals Minnesota Twins West Houston Astros Los Angeles Angels Oakland Athletics Seattle Mariners Texas Rangers National League East Atlanta Braves Miami Marlins New York Mets Philadelphia Phillies Washington Nationals Central Chicago Cubs 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About Wikipedia | when did the atlanta braves last win the world series | ["Atlanta Braves\n 2018 Atlanta Braves season\nEstablished in 1871\nBased in Atlanta since 1966\n\nTeam logoCap insignia\nMajor league affiliations\n\nNational League (1876–present)\nEast Division (1994–present)\nWest Division (1969–1993)\n\n\nCurrent uniform\nRetired numbers\n36102129313541444742Colors\n\nNavy blue, scarlet red, gold, white[1][2][3]\n Name\n\nAtlanta Braves (1966–present)\nMilwaukee Braves (1953–1965)\nBoston Braves (1941–1952)\nBoston Bees (1936–1940)\nBoston Braves (1912–1935)\nBoston Rustlers (1911)\nBoston Doves (1907–1910)\nBoston Beaneaters (1883–1906)\nBoston Red Caps (1876–1882)\nBoston Red Stockings (1871–1875)\nOther nicknames\n\nThe Bravos, The Team of the 90s, America's Team\nBallpark\n\nSunTrust Park (2017–present)\nTurner Field (1997–2016)\nAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium (1966–1996)\na.k.a. Atlanta Stadium (1966–1976)\nMilwaukee County Stadium (1953–1965)\nBraves Field (1915–1952)\na.k.a. National League Park (1936–1941)\nFenway Park (1914–1915)\nSouth End Grounds (1894–1914)\nCongress Street Grounds (1894)\nSouth End Grounds (1871–1894)\nMajor league titlesWorld Series titles (3)\n191419571995NL Pennants (17)\n18771878188318911892189318971898191419481957195819911992199519961999East Division titles (12)\n199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052013West Division titles (5)\n19691982199119921993Wild card berths (2)\n20102012Front officeOwner(s)\nLiberty Media[4][5]Manager\nBrian SnitkerGeneral Manager\nAlex Anthopoulos[6]"] | ['1995'] | Atlanta Braves
2018 Atlanta Braves season
Established in 1871
Based in Atlanta since 1966
Team logoCap insignia
Major league affiliations
National League (1876–present)
East Division (1994–present)
West Division (1969–1993)
Current uniform
Retired numbers
36102129313541444742Colors
Navy blue, scarlet red, gold, white[1][2][3]
Name
Atlanta Braves (1966–present)
Milwaukee Braves (1953–1965)
Boston Braves (1941–1952)
Boston Bees (1936–1940)
Boston Braves (1912–1935)
Boston Rustlers (1911)
Boston Doves (1907–1910)
Boston Beaneaters (1883–1906)
Boston Red Caps (1876–1882)
Boston Red Stockings (1871–1875)
Other nicknames
The Bravos, The Team of the 90s, America's Team
Ballpark
SunTrust Park (2017–present)
Turner Field (1997–2016)
Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (1966–1996)
a.k.a. Atlanta Stadium (1966–1976)
Milwaukee County Stadium (1953–1965)
Braves Field (1915–1952)
a.k.a. National League Park (1936–1941)
Fenway Park (1914–1915)
South End Grounds (1894–1914)
Congress Street Grounds (1894)
South End Grounds (1871–1894)
Major league titlesWorld Series titles (3)
191419571995NL Pennants (17)
18771878188318911892189318971898191419481957195819911992199519961999East Division titles (12)
199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052013West Division titles (5)
19691982199119921993Wild card berths (2)
20102012Front officeOwner(s)
Liberty Media[4][5]Manager
Brian SnitkerGeneral Manager
Alex Anthopoulos[6] |
[question]: What is the name of the Atlanta Braves' home stadium?
[answer]: The Atlanta Braves' home stadium is SunTrust Park. They have also played at Turner Field and Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in the past. | What is the name of the Atlanta Braves' home stadium? | The Atlanta Braves' home stadium is SunTrust Park. They have also played at Turner Field and Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in the past. | 1 | 7.536427 | 22 | 156 | 1 |
13,091 | 8,204,581,774,555,734,000 | Cleveland Cavaliers | Cleveland Cavaliers - wikipedia Cleveland Cavaliers Jump to : navigation , search Cleveland Cavaliers 2017 -- 18 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland , Ohio Team colors Wine , gold , navy blue , black General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert Jeff Cohen ( Vice Chairman ) Nate Forbes ( Vice Chairman ) Gordon Gund ( minority owner ) Usher Raymond ( minority owner ) Affiliation ( s ) Canton Charge Championships 1 ( 2016 ) Conference titles 4 ( 2007 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 ) Division titles 6 ( 1976 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 ) Retired numbers 7 ( 7 , 11 , 22 , 25 , 34 , 42 , 43 ) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away The Cleveland Cavaliers , ( referred to as the Cavs ) , are an American professional basketball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . The Cavs compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team began play as an expansion team in 1970 , along with the Portland Trail Blazers and Buffalo Braves . Home games were first held at Cleveland Arena from 1970 to 1974 , followed by the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1994 . Since 1994 , the Cavs have played home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland , which is shared with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League . Dan Gilbert has owned the team since March 2005 . The Cavaliers opened their inaugural season losing their first 15 games and struggled in their early years , placing no better than 6th in the Eastern Conference during their first five seasons . The team won their first Central Division title in 1976 , which also marked the first winning season and playoff appearance in franchise history , where they advanced to the Eastern Conference finals . The franchise was purchased by Ted Stepien in 1980 . Stepien 's tenure as owner was marked by five coaching changes , questionable trades and draft decisions , and poor attendance , leading to $15 million in financial losses . The Cavs went 66 -- 180 in that time , never better than 8th in the conference , and endured a 24 - game losing streak spanning the 1981 -- 82 and 1982 -- 83 seasons . Stepien 's repeated trades of the team 's first overall draft pick led to the NBA creating the `` Stepien rule '' to prevent such trades . George and Gordon Gund purchased the franchise in 1983 . During the latter half of the 1980s and through much of the 1990s , the Cavs were a regular playoff contender , led by players such as Mark Price and Brad Daugherty , and advanced to the Eastern Conference finals in 1992 . After the team 's playoff appearance in 1998 , however , the Cavs had six consecutive losing seasons , finishing no better than 9th in the conference . Cleveland was awarded with the top overall pick in the 2003 draft , and they selected LeBron James . Behind James and Zydrunas Ilgauskas , the Cavaliers again became a regular playoff contender by 2005 . They made their first appearance in the NBA Finals in 2007 after winning the first Eastern Conference championship in franchise history , followed by division titles in 2008 and 2009 , the first division titles since 1976 . After the 2009 -- 10 season , however , James signed with the Miami Heat and the Cavaliers finished the 2010 -- 11 season last in the conference , enduring a 26 - game losing streak that , as of 2017 , ranks as the longest in NBA history for a single season and second overall . Between 2010 and 2014 , however , the team won the top pick in the NBA draft lottery three times , first in 2011 where they selected Kyrie Irving , and again in 2013 and 2014 . LeBron James returned to the Cavs in 2014 -- 15 and led the team back to the playoffs for the first time since 2010 , where they claimed their second Eastern Conference championship . The following season , Cleveland again won the Eastern Conference and returned to the NBA Finals , where they won their first NBA championship and first major sports title in the city since 1964 . The 2016 NBA Finals victory over the Golden State Warriors marked the first time in Finals history a team had come back to win the series after trailing three games to one . Through the 2016 -- 17 season , the Cavs have made 21 playoff appearances , and won six Central Division titles , four Eastern Conference titles , and one NBA title . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Season - by - season records 3 Rivalries 3.1 Chicago Bulls 3.2 Golden State Warriors 4 Logos and uniforms 4.1 Blue and orange 4.2 Blue , black and orange 4.3 The `` new '' wine and gold 4.4 The return to original wine and gold 4.5 CavFanatic uniforms 4.6 Nike styles 5 Home arenas 6 Cleveland Clinic Courts 7 Players 7.1 Current roster 7.2 Retained draft rights 7.3 Cavs Legends 7.4 Hall of Famers 7.5 Curt Gowdy Award winners 8 Individual records and accomplishments 8.1 Franchise leaders 8.2 Individual awards 8.3 NBA All - Star Weekend 9 Media 10 Mascots 11 References 12 External links History Main article : History of the Cleveland Cavaliers The Cavaliers began play in 1970 as an expansion team . Their 46 - year history has been marked by both stretches of strong play and periods of poor play . In the 1970s , under the ownership of Nick Mileti , the team won its first division title in 1976 . That team was led by Austin Carr , Bobby `` Bingo '' Smith , Jim Chones , Dick Snyder , Nate Thurmond , and head coach Bill Fitch , and was remembered most for the `` Miracle at Richfield '' , in which the Cavaliers defeated the Washington Bullets 4 -- 3 . They won Game 7 , 87 -- 85 , on a shot by Snyder with four seconds to go . Injuries , particularly an ankle injury to Chones , led to this team 's demise , as the Cavaliers would lose the Eastern Conference Finals to the Boston Celtics , 4 -- 2 . It is widely believed among both Cavaliers fans and players that the `` Miracle '' team would have won the 1976 NBA Championship had Chones stayed healthy . The remainder of the 1970s were marked by early playoff losses and eventually Fitch 's resignation . The early 1980s were marked by Ted Stepien 's ownership . Stepien also oversaw the hiring and firing of a succession of coaches and was involved in making a number of poor trade and free agent signing decisions . The result of his questionable trading acumen was the loss of several of the team 's first - round draft picks , which led to a rule change in the NBA , known as the `` Ted Stepien Rule '' , prohibiting teams from trading away first - round draft picks in consecutive years . The ensuing chaos had a major effect on both the Cavaliers ' on - court performance and lack of local support , losing over 50 games in three straight years . The 1981 -- 82 and 1982 -- 83 combined to lose 24 straight games , which at the time was the NBA 's all - time longest losing streak . George and Gordon Gund purchased the Cavaliers from Stepien in 1983 . The team was in a transition as they went through nine head coaches from 1980 to 1986 and only made the playoffs once in that period . During the 1986 offseason , the Cavaliers acquired Brad Daugherty , Mark Price , Ron Harper and Larry Nance . Those four players ( until Harper was later traded in 1989 for the rights to Danny Ferry ) formed the core of the team , under the direction of head coach Lenny Wilkens , that led the Cavaliers to eight playoff seasons in the next nine years , including three seasons of 50 or more wins . Their strongest team was the 1988 -- 89 team , who went 57 -- 25 en route to the 3rd seed in the East , but these Cavs lost the first round to the Chicago Bulls 3 -- 2 , thanks to a game - winning jump shot by Chicago 's Michael Jordan over Craig Ehlo . The Cavaliers entered into a period of decline from the mid-1990s through the early 2000s . The team appeared in the playoffs the next two years , but could not get past the first round . In the 1997 off - season , the team added Shawn Kemp and Wesley Person , as well as a rookie class that included Derek Anderson , Cedric Henderson , Žydrūnas Ilgauskas , and Brevin Knight . This team lost in the first round of the playoffs in 1998 , but the Cavaliers would not return to the playoffs until 2006 . In the early 2000s , the team added Andre Miller , Lamond Murray , Chris Mihm and Carlos Boozer , but could not make it to the playoffs . The 2002 -- 03 season saw the Cavaliers finish 17 -- 65 , tied for the worst record in the NBA . Cavaliers forward and Akron native LeBron James , who was the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft . A multiple - time NBA All - Star and winner of the Rookie of the Year Award and four NBA MVP awards , he led the team to its first NBA Finals in 2007 and their first championship in 2016 . The Cavaliers ' luck changed as they landed the number 1 pick in the 2003 NBA draft . With it , the team selected heralded forward and future NBA MVP LeBron James , an Akron native who had already risen to national stardom at St. Vincent - St. Mary High School . In 2005 , the team would be sold to businessman Dan Gilbert . That year , the team also hired head coach Mike Brown , and a new general manager , former Cavaliers forward Danny Ferry . Over the next few years , the Cavaliers built a team around James and Žydrūnas Ilgauskas by adding players including Drew Gooden , Larry Hughes , and Anderson Varajao . Under this new leadership , the Cavaliers made it to five straight playoffs from 2006 to 2010 , advancing to at least the second round each time . The 2006 -- 07 Cavaliers advanced to the franchise 's first NBA Finals , but were swept by the more experienced San Antonio Spurs . The 2008 -- 09 Cavaliers won a franchise record 66 games , including a franchise - best 39 -- 2 record at home , but lost the Eastern Conference Finals in six games to the Orlando Magic . For the 2009 -- 10 season , the Cavs added four - time NBA Champion and 15 - time All Star center Shaquille O'Neal and forward Antawn Jamison , but were not able to get out of the Eastern conference playoffs , losing in the second round to the Boston Celtics in six games . With the Cavaliers out of the playoffs , the focus then turned to James ' impending free agency . On July 8 , 2010 , James announced in a nationally televised one - hour special titled The Decision on ESPN that he would be signing with the Miami Heat . The repercussions of this announcement left many in the city of Cleveland infuriated and feeling betrayed . A number of LeBron James jerseys were burned , and the famous Nike `` Witness '' mural of James in downtown Cleveland was immediately taken down . The 2010 -- 11 season saw the Cavaliers rebuild after James ' departure . The biggest trade they made shipped Mo Williams and Jamario Moon to the Los Angeles Clippers for Baron Davis and a 1st - round draft pick . On the court , the Cavaliers finished 19 -- 63 , the second - worst record in the NBA . This 42 - win difference from the prior season is the biggest single - season drop in NBA history . This season also saw the Cavaliers lose 26 straight games , tying a record for the longest losing streak in major American sports history . The draft pick from the Clippers ended up becoming the 1st overall selection , which the Cavaliers used to select Duke point guard Kyrie Irving . The Cavaliers also selected Texas center Tristan Thompson with the 4th overall selection . The Cavaliers built through the draft the next few years . In the 2014 off - season , James , now a free agent , announced he was returning to the Cavaliers . The Cavaliers made several moves to build a championship - contender around James , most notably acquiring power forward Kevin Love from the Minnesota Timberwolves , which created what many fans and media referred to a `` Big Three '' with James , Love , and Irving . This trio would lead the Cavaliers to three consecutive finals appearances in 2015 , 2016 and 2017 . In each Finals appearance , they faced the Golden State Warriors . The Cavaliers would lose the 2015 Finals in six games , win the 2016 Finals in seven games , and lose the 2017 Finals in five games . Winning the 2016 NBA Championship marked the Cavaliers ' first title in franchise history , as they became the first team to come back from a 3 -- 1 deficit to win the Finals . It was also Cleveland 's first championship in major professional sports since the 1964 Browns , signaling the end of the so - called Cleveland sports curse . Season - by - season records Main article : List of Cleveland Cavaliers seasons Rivalries Chicago Bulls Main article : Bulls -- Cavaliers rivalry Golden State Warriors Main article : Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry Logos and uniforms When the Cleveland Cavaliers debuted in the NBA in 1970 , the team 's original jerseys were wine and gold . The first jerseys featured the feathered treatment of the letter C in Cavaliers . In 1974 , they changed into the classic block lettering and checkerboard pattern that was synonymous to the ' Miracle of Richfield ' teams of 1976 . In 1980 , the gold shade was changed from yellowish to metallic , and the uniforms removed the checkerboard pattern and placed the stripes above Cleveland and below the uniform number , the only time the city name was featured in both home and away jerseys . The original logo was that of swashbuckling cavalier looking right with a sword pointing , surrounded by the team name and a basketball . A modernized swashbuckling cavalier logo was later used by the Cavaliers ' NBA Development League affiliates , the Canton Charge . The gold checkerboard uniforms were used as throwbacks in the 2004 -- 05 season to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the ' Miracle of Richfield ' team , while the gold ' Feathered C ' uniforms were used again in the 2008 -- 09 season , as a buildup to the then - upcoming 40th season of the Cavaliers . The ' Miracle of Richfield ' gold uniforms were used again in the 2015 -- 16 season on special `` Hardwood Classic '' nights to commemorate the Miracle of Richfield teams 's 40th anniversary celebration . Blue and orange In the 1983 -- 84 season , the colors were changed to burnt orange , blue and white . The first Cavaliers uniform under the new scheme featured the Cavaliers logo ( with a V in the shape of a hoop and circle above as basketball ) in an arched pattern and the player name sewn onto the back shoulder as a patch , with orange being the primary color in both the away and home uniforms . However , in the 1987 -- 88 season , orange was relegated as a secondary color , and blue was used instead as the primary for the away and home uniforms ; minor changes in the 1989 -- 90 season include the city name on the blue away uniforms . The drop shadows were also removed . The orange version of the uniform was used again in the 2006 -- 07 and 2016 -- 17 seasons , as part of the respective 20th and 30th anniversaries of the 1986 -- 87 team . The blue versions were worn in the 2009 -- 10 season as part of the franchise 's 40th anniversary and as a tribute to the 1988 -- 89 team . Blue , black and orange Coinciding with the move to Gund Arena in the 1994 -- 95 season , the Cavaliers changed logos and uniforms , adding black in addition to the already existing blue , orange and white colors . The uniforms feature a blue splash in the abdomen area in front . From 1994 to 1997 the word ' CAVS ' on the home uniforms was orange with black line , while the numbers are in black with white line , while ' CLEVELAND ' on the road uniforms was also orange with black lines , while the numbers are in white with a black line . From 1997 to 1999 the numbers and lettering were slightly tweaked . The word ' CAVS ' and the numbers on the home uniforms are in black with orange lines , while the word ' CLEVELAND ' and the numbers on the road uniforms are in white with orange lines . In the latter iteration , the blue splash was moved from the right leg to the left leg , surrounding ' CLEVELAND ' on the home uniforms and ' CAVS ' on the road uniforms , with a minor change in striping . In the 1999 -- 2000 season , the Cavaliers opted to go for a cleaner look , eliminating the splash and adding an orange and blue line that runs through the shorts . The home jerseys feature the team nickname and the uniform numbers are in blue with black lines , while on the away jerseys , they feature the city name and the uniform numbers in white with blue lines . They were used until the 2002 -- 03 season . The logo used in this period was of a basketball on its way down the net , surrounded by a black square and the word ' CAVS ' in blue with black line below . The `` new '' wine and gold LeBron James wearing the 2005 -- 2010 blue alternate uniform . The Cavaliers switched to a modified version of the team 's classic wine and gold scheme in the 2003 -- 04 season ( metallic gold and crimson shade of wine ) , with navy blue added to the color scheme . The home uniform was white , with the word `` Cavaliers '' in wine lettering with gold trim on the front , the player 's name in wine lettering with gold trim on the back , the player 's numbers in navy blue , and wine and gold trim on the sides . The team 's standard road uniform was wine - colored , with the word `` Cleveland '' , the player 's name , and the player 's numbers all in white lettering with gold trim , as well as white and gold trim on the sides. The team 's third / alternate uniform was navy blue with the word `` Cleveland '' , the player 's name , and the player 's numbers all in white lettering with gold trim , as well as a wine , gold , and navy blue checkerboard trim . The checkerboard trim was a tribute to the original Cavaliers uniforms from the 1970s . The logo used was a gold sword piercing to the words ' Cleveland Cavaliers ' in white and navy trim , with a wine basketball surrounding it . The return to original wine and gold The current secondary logo for the Cleveland Cavaliers . The current wordmark logo for the Cleveland Cavaliers . The Cavaliers debuted new uniforms before the start of the 2010 -- 11 NBA season , to coincide with the team returning to the original shades of wine and gold used from 1970 to 1983 . The home uniform is white with a wine and gold horizontal stripe trim on the collar , sleeves , waistband , and pant legs , `` Cavaliers '' ( in block style lettering ) in wine on the front of the jersey , with wine lettering for the name and number , and white shoes and socks . The road uniform is wine colored with the same stripe trim , `` Cleveland '' in gold on the front of the jersey , and gold lettering on the name and number , with black shoes and socks . An alternate third uniform was added for the 2012 -- 13 season , which is gold with `` CAVS '' in wine on the front of the jersey , wine lettering on the name and number , white socks and shoes , and the same stripe trim as the other uniforms . All uniforms have the team motto `` All For One , One for All '' stitched on the inside of the collar , and the secondary `` Sword C '' logo on the side of the pant legs . The logo used is the same piercing sword logo , updated to the classic wine and gold scheme . For the 2014 -- 15 season , a second alternate uniform ( and fourth uniform overall ) was added , which is navy blue ( a callback to the 1987 -- 94 style ) with `` CAVS '' and the player 's number in wine with gold trim , the player 's name on the back of the jersey in gold , and the `` Sword C '' logo on the side of the pant legs . Two alternate jerseys were unveiled prior to the start of the 2015 -- 16 season . The second wine uniform is similar to their regular road threads , except that it features the arched mid-1980s Cavs logo and white numerals in gold trim . A black sleeved uniform features the wine ' C ' logo in front , and was famously worn in the title - clinching Game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals . Their new logos for the 2017 -- 18 season newly include the color black to commemorate the victory . Cavfanatic uniforms From the 2008 -- 09 to the 2011 -- 12 seasons , the Cavaliers wore special `` mash - up '' uniforms ( combining the style from one era with the color scheme of another ) on select `` Cavs Fanatic '' Nights . 2008 -- 09 : the team wore the original `` Feathered C '' uniforms but with the 1994 -- 2003 shade of blue combined with the classic wine and gold shade . 2009 -- 10 : the team wore their 1987 -- 89 uniforms , but in the classic wine and gold from the ' Miracle of Richfield ' era . 2010 -- 11 : the team wore the 2005 -- 10 checkerboard alternate uniforms , but in the 1994 -- 2003 color scheme of blue , black and orange . 2011 -- 12 : the team wore navy uniforms with wine and gold lettering ; these are similar to their current navy alternates but with a different jersey and shorts striping . Nike styles Beginning in the 2017 -- 18 season , all NBA teams will wear Nike - designed white `` Association '' uniforms and `` Icon '' uniforms in the respective team 's primary color . For the Cavs , their Icon uniforms will be wine colored with `` Cleveland '' across the front and the player 's name in gold lettering with black numerals both in the front and in the back . The white Association uniforms will have `` Cavs '' across the front , with wine color letters and numbers both front and back . All teams have the choice of which uniform to wear for any home game . Also new will be a small Goodyear Tires wingfoot logo on the Cavs uniforms , as part of a sponsorship deal with the team . Also new for 2017 - 2018 , Nike unveiled that each team will have a third , alternate uniform called the `` Statement '' uniform . The Cavaliers ' Statement uniform will be black with dark gray pinstripes , a wine colored `` C '' trimmed in gold on the front , names in gold letters on the back , wine colored / gold trimmed numbers on the front and back , and gold colored Nike and Goodyear logos on the front . The black uniform is a nod to the team 's former black sleeved jerseys that they wore when they won Game 7 in the 2016 Finals . Home arenas Cleveland Arena ( 1970 -- 1974 ) Richfield Coliseum ( 1974 -- 1994 ) Quicken Loans Arena ( 1994 -- present ) Cleveland Clinic Courts Cleveland Clinic Courts , the team 's practice facility and team headquarters , is located in suburban Independence , Ohio . The 50,000 - square - foot ( 4,600 m ) building opened in 2007 and includes two full - size basketball courts , weight room , team room , offices , medical facilities , and kitchen and dining facilities . Naming rights are held by the Cleveland Clinic , which is the team 's official healthcare partner . Prior to the opening of Cleveland Clinic Courts , the team used the practice court located on the club level of Quicken Loans Arena . In honor of the Cavs winning the NBA Championship , the city of Independence renamed the section of Brecksville Road leading to the team 's practice facility `` Cavaliers Way '' in November 2016 . Players Further information : Cleveland Cavaliers all - time roster Current roster Cleveland Cavaliers roster Players Coaches Pos . No . Name Height Weight DOB ( YYYY - MM - DD ) From 1.5 ! G 7001810000000000000 ♠ 81 Calderón , José 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 200 lb ( 91 kg ) 1981 -- 09 -- 28 Spain 4.0 ! F 7001990000000000000 ♠ 99 Crowder , Jae 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 235 lb ( 107 kg ) 1990 -- 07 -- 06 Marquette 4.0 ! F 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 Frye , Channing 7000210820000000000 ♠ 6 ft 11 in ( 2.11 m ) 255 lb ( 116 kg ) 1983 -- 05 -- 17 Arizona 4.0 ! F 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 Green , Jeff 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 235 lb ( 107 kg ) 1986 -- 08 -- 28 Georgetown 2.5 ! G / F 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 Holland , John ( TW ) 7000195580000000000 ♠ 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) 205 lb ( 93 kg ) 1988 -- 11 -- 06 Boston University 4.0 ! F 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 James , LeBron ( C ) 7000203200000000000 ♠ 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) 250 lb ( 113 kg ) 1984 -- 12 -- 30 St. Vincent - St. Mary HS ( OH ) 1.5 ! G 7001260000000000000 ♠ 26 Korver , Kyle 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 212 lb ( 96 kg ) 1981 -- 03 -- 17 Creighton 5.5 ! F / C 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0 Love , Kevin ( C ) 7000208279999999999 ♠ 6 ft 10 in ( 2.08 m ) 251 lb ( 114 kg ) 1988 -- 09 -- 07 UCLA 4.0 ! F 7001160000000000000 ♠ 16 Osman , Cedi 7000203200000000000 ♠ 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) 215 lb ( 98 kg ) 1995 -- 04 -- 08 Turkey 1.5 ! G 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 Perrantes , London ( TW ) 7000187960000000000 ♠ 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) 190 lb ( 86 kg ) 1994 -- 10 -- 03 Virginia 1.5 ! G 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 Rose , Derrick 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 190 lb ( 86 kg ) 1988 -- 10 -- 04 Memphis 1.5 ! G 7000400000000000000 ♠ 4 Shumpert , Iman 7000195580000000000 ♠ 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) 220 lb ( 100 kg ) 1990 -- 06 -- 26 Georgia Tech 2.5 ! G / F 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 Smith , J.R. 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 225 lb ( 102 kg ) 1985 -- 09 -- 09 Saint Benedict 's Prep ( NJ ) 1.5 ! G 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 Thomas , Isaiah 7000175260000000000 ♠ 5 ft 9 in ( 1.75 m ) 185 lb ( 84 kg ) 1989 -- 02 -- 07 Washington 5.5 ! F / C 7001130000000000000 ♠ 13 Thompson , Tristan 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 238 lb ( 108 kg ) 1991 -- 03 -- 13 Texas 1.5 ! G 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 Wade , Dwyane 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 220 lb ( 100 kg ) 1982 -- 01 -- 17 Marquette 5.5 ! F / C 7001410000000000000 ♠ 41 Žižić , Ante 7000210820000000000 ♠ 6 ft 11 in ( 2.11 m ) 250 lb ( 113 kg ) 1997 -- 01 -- 04 Croatia Head coach Tyronn Lue Assistant coach ( es ) Larry Drew ( Assoc . HC ) Jim Boylan Phil Handy Damon Jones Mike Longabardi James Posey Vitaly Potapenko Legend ( C ) Team captain ( DP ) Unsigned draft pick ( FA ) Free agent ( S ) Suspended ( GL ) On assignment to G League affiliate ( TW ) Two - way affiliate player Injured Roster Transactions Last transaction : 2017 -- 10 -- 18 Retained draft rights The Cavaliers hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA . A drafted player , either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him , is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams . In this case , the team retains the player 's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player 's contract with the non-NBA team ends . This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams . Draft Round Pick Player Pos . Nationality Current team Note ( s ) Ref 2015 53 Pointer , Sir'Dominic Sir'Dominic Pointer G / F United States Hapoel Eilat ( Israel ) 2012 57 Karaman , İlkan İlkan Karaman Turkey Beşiktaş Sompo Japan ( Turkey ) Acquired from the Brooklyn Nets 2011 54 Mačvan , Milan Milan Mačvan Serbia Bayern Munich ( Germany ) 2011 56 Maduabum , Chukwudiebere Chukwudiebere Maduabum F / C Nigeria Kagoshima Rebnise ( Japan ) Acquired from the Los Angeles Lakers ( via Denver and Philadelphia ) 2006 48 Veremeenko , Vladimir Vladimir Veremeenko Belarus Brose Bamberg ( Germany ) Acquired from the Washington Wizards ( via Chicago ) 2006 55 Ugboaja , Ejike Ejike Ugboaja Nigeria Free agent 2006 56 Bavčić , Edin Edin Bavčić Bosnia and Herzegovina Apollon Patras ( Greece ) Acquired from the Toronto Raptors ( via Philadelphia , New Orleans and Brooklyn ) Cavs Legends The following is a list of past Cavaliers players and other personnel ( officially recognized by the team as `` Cavs Legends '' ) who have been honored either by retiring their number or having commemorative banners placed in the rafters at Quicken Loans Arena . Retired numbers No . Name Position Tenure 7 Bobby `` Bingo '' Smith G / F 1970 -- 1979 11 Zydrunas Ilgauskas 1996 -- 2010 22 Larry Nance F / C 1988 -- 1994 25 Mark Price 1986 -- 1995 34 Austin Carr 1971 -- 1980 42 Nate Thurmond 1975 -- 1977 43 Brad Daugherty 1986 -- 1994 Other honored personnel Insignia Name Role Tenure Joe Tait Broadcaster 1970 -- 1981 1983 -- 2011 Hall of famers The following is a list of players and other personnel who have spent at least part of their careers with the Cavaliers that have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . Cleveland Cavaliers Hall of Famers Players No . Name Position Tenure Inducted 42 Nate Thurmond F / C 1975 -- 1977 1985 11 Walt Frazier 1977 -- 1980 19 Lenny Wilkens 1972 -- 1974 1989 33 Shaquille O'Neal 2009 -- 2010 2016 Coaches No . Name Position Tenure Inducted -- Chuck Daly Head coach 1981 -- 1982 1994 -- Lenny Wilkens Head coach 1986 -- 1993 1998 Contributors No . Name Position Tenure Inducted -- Wayne Embry General manager 1986 -- 1999 1999 Notes : In total , Wilkens was inducted into the Hall of Fame three times -- as player , as coach and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team . In total , Daly was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice -- as a coach , and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team . Never played for the Cavaliers . Inducted as contributor for being the first African American to manage a team in NBA . Curt Gowdy Award winners Former longtime Cavs broadcaster Joe Tait , who won the Curt Gowdy Award in 2010 . Joe Tait -- 2010 ( team announcer 1970 -- 1981 ; 1983 -- 2011 ) Individual records and accomplishments Franchise leaders Bold denotes still active with team . Italic denotes still active but not with team . Points scored ( regular season -- as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 season ) LeBron James ( 20,868 ) Zydrunas Ilgauskas ( 10,616 ) Brad Daugherty ( 10,389 ) Austin Carr ( 10,265 ) Mark Price ( 9,543 ) Bingo Smith ( 9,513 ) Hot Rod Williams ( 8,504 ) Kyrie Irving ( 8,232 ) Larry Nance ( 7,257 ) Campy Russell ( 6,588 ) World B. Free ( 6,329 ) Terrell Brandon ( 5,793 ) Jim Chones ( 5,729 ) Danny Ferry ( 5,643 ) Mike Mitchell ( 5,217 ) Craig Ehlo ( 5,103 ) Phil Hubbard ( 4,962 ) Anderson Varejão ( 4,485 ) Ron Harper ( 4,433 ) Tristan Thompson ( 4,378 ) Other statistics ( regular season ) ( as of April 18 , 2017 ) Most minutes played Player Minutes LeBron James 30,104 Zydrunas Ilgauskas 21,820 Hot Rod Williams 20,802 Brad Daugherty 20,029 Bingo Smith 19,221 Austin Carr 19,003 Mark Price 18,127 Danny Ferry 15,045 Larry Nance 14,966 Anderson Varejao 14,773 Most rebounds Player Rebounds Zydrunas Ilgauskas 5,904 LeBron James 5,482 Brad Daugherty 5,227 Hot Rod Williams 4,669 Anderson Varejão 4,434 Tristan Thompson 4,029 Jim Chones 3,790 Larry Nance 3,561 Jim Brewer 3,551 Bingo Smith 3,057 Most assists Player Assists LeBron James 5,481 Mark Price 4,206 John Bagley 2,311 Terrell Brandon 2,235 Foots Walker 2,115 Kyrie Irving 2,114 Brad Daugherty 2,028 Andre Miller 2,015 Austin Carr 1,820 Craig Ehlo 1,803 Most steals Player Steals LeBron James 1,260 Mark Price 734 Foots Walker 722 Craig Ehlo 661 Terrell Brandon 621 Hot Rod Williams 587 Ron Harper 530 Anderson Varejão 529 Kyrie Irving 504 John Bagley 474 Most blocks Player Blocks Zydrunas Ilgauskas 1,269 Hot Rod Williams 1,200 Larry Nance 1,087 LeBron James 624 Jim Chones 450 Roy Hinson 430 Brad Daugherty 397 Anderson Varejão 397 Tristan Thompson 364 Jim Brewer 353 Most three - pointers made Player 3 - pointers made LeBron James 1,102 Mark Price 802 Kyrie Irving 723 Daniel Gibson 578 Wesley Person 550 Danny Ferry 543 Kevin Love 447 J.R. Smith 430 Mo Williams 414 Craig Ehlo 381 Individual awards NBA Most Valuable Player LeBron James -- 2009 , 2010 NBA Rookie of the Year LeBron James -- 2004 Kyrie Irving -- 2012 NBA Coach of the Year Bill Fitch -- 1976 Mike Brown -- 2009 NBA Executive of the Year Wayne Embry -- 1992 , 1998 NBA Sportsmanship Award Terrell Brandon -- 1997 J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award Austin Carr -- 1980 Eric Snow -- 2005 Luol Deng -- 2014 LeBron James -- 2017 NBA Finals Most Valuable Player LeBron James -- 2016 NBA All - Rookie First Team Austin Carr -- 1972 Dwight Davis -- 1973 Brad Daugherty -- 1987 Ron Harper -- 1987 John Williams -- 1987 Zydrunas Ilgauskas -- 1998 Brevin Knight -- 1998 Andre Miller -- 2000 LeBron James -- 2004 Kyrie Irving -- 2012 Dion Waiters -- 2013 NBA All - Rookie Second Team Terrell Brandon -- 1992 Derek Anderson -- 1998 Cedric Henderson -- 1998 Chris Mihm -- 2001 Carlos Boozer -- 2003 Tristan Thompson -- 2012 Tyler Zeller -- 2013 All - NBA First Team Mark Price -- 1993 LeBron James -- 2006 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 All - NBA Second Team LeBron James -- 2005 , 2007 All - NBA Third Team Mark Price -- 1989 , 1992 , 1994 Brad Daugherty -- 1992 Kyrie Irving -- 2015 NBA All - Defensive First Team Larry Nance -- 1989 LeBron James -- 2009 , 2010 NBA All - Defensive Second Team Jim Brewer -- 1976 , 1977 Jim Cleamons -- 1976 Larry Nance -- 1992 , 1993 Bobby Phills -- 1996 Anderson Varejão -- 2010 NBA All - Star Weekend NBA All - Star Game John Johnson -- 1971 , 1972 Butch Beard -- 1972 Austin Carr -- 1974 Campy Russell -- 1979 Mike Mitchell -- 1981 Brad Daugherty -- 1988 , 1989 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 Larry Nance -- 1989 , 1993 Mark Price -- 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 Tyrone Hill -- 1995 Terrell Brandon -- 1996 , 1997 Shawn Kemp -- 1998 * Žydrūnas Ilgauskas -- 2003 , 2005 LeBron James -- 2005 * , 2006 * , 2007 * , 2008 * , 2009 * , 2010 * , 2015 * , 2016 * , 2017 * Mo Williams -- 2009 Kyrie Irving -- 2013 , 2014 * , 2015 , 2017 * Kevin Love -- 2017 * Starter NBA All - Star Game head coaches Lenny Wilkens -- 1989 Mike Brown -- 2009 Tyronn Lue -- 2016 NBA All - Star Game MVP LeBron James -- 2006 , 2008 Kyrie Irving -- 2014 Three - point Shootout Mark Price -- 1988 ( 5th ) , 1990 ( 7th ) , 1993 ( 1st ) , 1994 ( 1st ) , 1995 ( 3rd ) Craig Ehlo -- 1990 ( 5th ) , 1992 ( 6th ) Wesley Person -- 2002 ( 2nd ) Damon Jones -- 2007 ( 5th ) Daniel Gibson -- 2008 ( 2nd ) , 2011 ( 5th ) Kyrie Irving -- 2013 ( 1st ) , 2014 ( 4th ) , 2015 ( 2nd ) , 2017 ( 2nd ) Slam Dunk Contest Roy Hinson -- 1986 ( 7th ) Ron Harper -- 1987 ( 5th ) , 1989 ( 7th ) Bob Sura -- 1997 ( 5th ) Skills Challenge LeBron James -- 2006 ( 2nd ) , 2007 ( 3rd ) Mo Williams -- 2009 ( 3rd ) Kyrie Irving -- 2012 ( 7th ) Rookie / Rising Stars Challenge Chris Mills -- 1994 Bob Sura -- 1996 Vitaly Potapenko -- 1997 Žydrūnas Ilgauskas -- 1998 Brevin Knight -- 1998 Cedric Henderson -- 1998 Derek Anderson -- 1998 ( DNP ) Andre Miller -- 2000 ( Rookie ) , 2001 ( Sophomore ) Chris Mihm -- 2002 ( Sophomore ) Carlos Boozer -- 2003 ( Rookie ) , 2004 ( Sophomore ) Dajuan Wagner -- 2003 ( Rookie ) LeBron James -- 2004 ( Rookie ) , 2005 ( Sophomore ) Daniel Gibson -- 2008 ( Sophomore ) Kyrie Irving -- 2012 ( Rookie ) , 2013 ( Sophomore ) Tristan Thompson -- 2012 ( Rookie ) , 2013 ( Sophomore ) Dion Waiters -- 2013 ( Rookie ) , 2014 ( Sophomore ) Tyler Zeller -- 2013 ( Rookie ) Matthew Dellavedova -- 2015 ( World ) Rookie / Rising Stars Challenge MVP Žydrūnas Ilgauskas -- 1998 Daniel Gibson -- 2008 ( Sophomore ) Kyrie Irving -- 2012 ( Rookie ) Two Ball Contest Wesley Person with Michelle Edwards -- 1998 ( 7th ) Trajan Langdon with Eva Nemcova -- 2001 ( 2nd ) Media Further information : List of Cleveland Cavaliers broadcasters and Cleveland Cavaliers Radio Network Cavaliers TV announcers Austin Carr ( left ) and Fred McLeod ( right ) WTAM ( 1100 AM ) and WMMS ( 100.7 FM ) currently serve as the flagship stations for the Cavaliers Radio Network . John Michael ( play by play ) and former Cavaliers star Jim Chones ( analyst ) are the radio team , with WTAM morning co-host / sports director Mike Snyder hosting the pregame / halftime / postgame shows . Either Chones ( home games ) or former Ohio State standout and NBA player Brad Sellers ( road games ) will join Snyder for the postgame show . WLFM - LP ( 87.7 FM ) serves as the Spanish - language radio home of the Cavaliers , with the 2014 -- 15 season marking the first time the Cavaliers have been broadcast in a second language . Rafael Hernández Brito serves as the Spanish language play - by - play announcer , as well as hosting pregame and postgame shows . The Cavaliers air on Fox Sports Ohio , with select games simulcast on WUAB ( TV channel 43 ) . The broadcast team includes play - by - play announcer Fred McLeod ; analyst Austin Carr , a former Cavalier ; and sideline reporter Allie Clifton . Jeff Phelps and former Cavalier Campy Russell host the pregame , halftime , and postgame shows . Mascots Current mascots Sir C.C. ( left ) and Moondog ( right ) Mid 1990s / early 2000s - era mascot Whammer The Cavaliers have two official mascots , Moondog and Sir C.C. The character has a unique connection not just to the team , but to the city and surrounding area . Cleveland is known worldwide as the rock and roll city , due to Cleveland radio disc jockey Alan Freed , who popularized the phrase `` rock and roll '' , breaking new ground and sparking a music explosion . Freed called himself the `` Moondog '' , and his listeners were `` Moondoggers '' . When the Cavaliers looked to create a new mascot which represents the city , Moondog was a natural selection . Moondog was an NBA All - Star selection in 2003 and 2004 . His first appearance was on November 5 , 2003 . Sir C.C. , a swashbuckler character , debuted during a game on November 27 , 2010 . During the 1990s and early 2000s , the Cavs had a polar bear mascot named Whammer , who was introduced November 9 , 1995 . He still makes occasional appearances throughout the season at Cavaliers games . References Jump up ^ `` NBA.com/Stats -- Cleveland Cavaliers seasons '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved January 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` History : Team by Team '' ( PDF ) . Official National Basketball Association Guide 2016 - 17 . National Basketball Association . September 23 , 2016 . Retrieved March 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Logo Suite Evolves to Modernize Look '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . May 31 , 2017 . Retrieved June 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cleveland Cavaliers Reproduction and Usage Guideline Sheet '' . NBA Properties , Inc . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Dan Gilbert Confirms Contract Has Been Signed to Purchase Cleveland Cavaliers Basketball Team ; Rights to Operate Gund Arena '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . January 3 , 2005 . Retrieved November 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Mourton , Ryan ( February 27 , 2014 ) . `` Cavs Rank continues : Jim Chones is the 14th best Cavalier '' . Fear The Sword . Retrieved June 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN 's Disgraceful LeBron James ' Decision ' '' . TheWrap . Retrieved 2014 - 08 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` LeBron James rejoins Cleveland Cavaliers in free agency '' . Sports Illustrated . USA Today . July 11 , 2014 . Retrieved August 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cleveland Cavaliers ( @ cavs ) ( 10 December 2016 ) . `` The squad turned back the clock and turned up the offense in last night 's # ALLinORANGE win at The Q . '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ `` Cleveland Cavaliers Unveil New Uniforms for 2010 - 11 Season '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . August 17 , 2010 . Retrieved June 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cavs Announce 2012 - 13 Promotional Schedule '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . September 11 , 2012 . Retrieved June 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The Wine & Gold Add Navy to Their Uniform Collection '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . October 9 , 2014 . Retrieved June 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cavs Unveil Three New Alternate Uniforms for 2015 - 16 Season '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . October 21 , 2015 . Retrieved October 22 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cavs wearing sleeved jerseys in Game 7 '' . SI.com. 19 June 2016 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 17 . Jump up ^ Vardon , Joe ( 4 June 2017 ) . `` Cavaliers wearing black jerseys for Game 2 : 2017 NBA Finals '' . cleveland.com . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Logo Suite Evolves to Modernize Look '' . Cleveland Cavaliers. 31 May 2017 . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 17 . Jump up ^ Boone , Kyle ( 1 June 2017 ) . `` LOOK : Cavs unveil new logos , add black to color scheme before start of NBA Finals '' . CBSSports.com . Retrieved 2017 - 06 - 17 . Jump up ^ Keenan , Bretton ( August 7 , 2017 ) . `` Cavs unveil new uniforms for the 2017 - 18 season '' . News5Cleveland.com . WEWS - TV . Retrieved August 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Nike Introduces Cavaliers Statement Edition Uniform '' . Jump up ^ `` '' Cleveland Clinic Courts '' Design Unveiled `` . Cleveland Cavaliers . August 17 , 2006 . Retrieved August 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kroll , John ( September 19 , 2007 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers open new practice facility '' . The Plain Dealer . Retrieved August 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cleveland Clinic Courts '' . AECOM Projects : Sports & Venues . AECOM. 2016 . Retrieved August 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Independence to rename part of Brecksville Road in honor of Cavs '' . November 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Coon , Larry . `` NBA Salary Cap FAQ -- 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2014 . If the player is already under contract to , or signs a contract with a non-NBA team , the team retains the player 's draft rights for one year after the player 's obligation to the non-NBA team ends . Essentially , the clock stops as long as the player plays pro ball outside the NBA . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Acquire Draft Rights to Cedi Osman and Rakeem Christmas from Minnesota '' . NBA.com . June 25 , 2015 . Retrieved June 26 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Jarrett Jack of Cleveland Cavaliers headed to Brooklyn Nets , with Boston Celtics also part of trade '' . ESPN . July 10 , 2014 . Retrieved June 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Select Irving and Thompson with First and Fourth Overall Picks in The 2011 NBA Draft '' . NBA.com . June 24 , 2011 . Retrieved April 14 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Complete Trade with Philadelphia 76ers '' . NBA.com . July 15 , 2016 . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Acquire Forward Mike Dunleavy From Chicago '' . NBA.com . July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cleveland Cavaliers Draft Shannon Brown , Daniel Gibson and Ejike Ugboaja in 2006 NBA Draft '' . NBA.com . June 28 , 2006 . Retrieved April 14 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Valade , Jodie ( April 9 , 2011 ) . `` Semih Erden thinks , and that 's the reason he struggles : Cleveland Cavaliers Insider '' . cleveland.com . Retrieved April 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pluto , Terry ( April 9 , 2011 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers honor a legend in broadcaster Joe Tait : Terry Pluto '' . cleveland.com . Retrieved April 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Popovich , Mike ( April 9 , 2011 ) . `` Cavaliers honor longtime radio voice Joe Tait '' . TimesReporter.com . Retrieved April 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cavs Announce Zydrunas Ilgauskas ' Jersey ( # 11 ) to be Retired '' . NBA . Retrieved 30 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cavaliers : Players '' . Basketball Reference. 2012 - 05 - 27 . Retrieved 2015 - 12 - 17 . Jump up ^ Erika Lauren ( October 2 , 2014 ) . `` Announcement tweet '' . Twitter.com : User @ erikalauren . Twitter . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2014 . Retrieved October 2 , 2014 . Announcement : @ wmms and @ wtam are now the official home of the @ cavs -- tune in to hear all the games during this exciting season ! WOOT ! Jump up ^ Kleps , Kevin ( October 16 , 2014 ) . `` Cleveland Cavs games will be broadcast in Spanish on 87.7 FM La Mega '' . CrainsCleveland.com . Crain Communications . Retrieved October 16 , 2014 . The Cavs and Murray Hill Broadcasting 's 87.7 FM La Mega are partnering to broadcast all of the team 's games in Spanish , the Cavs announced on Thursday , Oct. 16 ... Rafael Hernández Brito , the Spanish play - by - play voice of the Brooklyn Nets the previous two seasons , will call the Cavs ' games for La Mega . ^ Jump up to : `` Cleveland Cavaliers 2014 -- 2015 Media Guide '' ( PDF ) . NBA Media Central . October 17 , 2014 . Retrieved April 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Moondog '' . Cleveland Cavaliers . Retrieved June 30 , 2016 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sports . Cleveland portal Official website Cleveland Cavaliers Founded in 1970 Based in Cleveland , Ohio Franchise History 1970 Expansion Draft All - time roster Draft history Seasons Head coaches Current season Arenas Cleveland Arena Richfield Coliseum Quicken Loans Arena Key personnel Owner : Dan Gilbert General manager : Koby Altman Assistant GM : Mike Gansey Head coach : Tyronn Lue Culture and lore Big Three `` Cleveland Rocks '' Cleveland sports curse Joe Tait Ted Stepien rule The Block The Decision The Miracle of Richfield The Shot Rivalries Chicago Bulls Golden State Warriors Playoff appearances ( 21 ) 1976 1977 1978 1985 1989 1994 1995 1998 2006 2007 2008 2009 2015 2016 2017 Central Division titles ( 6 ) 1976 2009 2015 2016 2017 Eastern Conference titles ( 4 ) 2007 2015 2016 2017 NBA Championships ( 1 ) 2016 Retired numbers 7 11 22 25 34 42 43 Hall of Fame inductees Wayne Embry Nate Thurmond Lenny Wilkens G League affiliate Canton Charge Media Broadcasters Radio network Flagships : WTAM WMMS Spanish : WLFM - LP Television : Fox Sports Ohio Links to related articles Cleveland Cavaliers seasons Franchise History Seasons 1970s 1970 -- 71 1971 -- 72 1972 -- 73 1973 -- 74 1974 -- 75 1975 -- 76 1976 -- 77 1977 -- 78 1978 -- 79 1980s 1979 -- 80 1980 -- 81 1981 -- 82 1982 -- 83 1983 -- 84 1984 -- 85 1985 -- 86 1986 -- 87 1987 -- 88 1988 -- 89 1990s 1989 -- 90 1990 -- 91 1991 -- 92 1992 -- 93 1993 -- 94 1994 -- 95 1995 -- 96 1996 -- 97 1997 -- 98 1998 -- 99 2000s 1999 -- 00 2000 -- 01 2001 -- 02 2002 -- 03 2003 -- 04 2004 -- 05 2005 -- 06 2006 -- 07 2007 -- 08 2008 -- 09 2010s 2009 -- 10 2010 -- 11 2011 -- 12 2012 -- 13 2013 -- 14 2014 -- 15 2015 -- 16 2016 -- 17 2017 -- 18 Bold indicates NBA Finals victory National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Boston Celtics Brooklyn Nets New York Knicks Philadelphia 76ers Toronto Raptors Central Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Indiana Pacers Milwaukee Bucks Southeast Atlanta Hawks Charlotte Hornets Miami Heat Orlando Magic Washington Wizards Western Conference Northwest Denver Nuggets Minnesota Timberwolves Oklahoma City Thunder Portland Trail Blazers Utah Jazz Pacific Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns Sacramento Kings Southwest Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets Memphis Grizzlies New Orleans Pelicans San Antonio Spurs Annual events Draft Summer League Christmas Day All - Star Weekend Game MVP Playoffs List Finals Champions MVP Others NBA Silver Anniversary Team NBA 35th Anniversary Team 50 Greatest Players ABA Merger Arenas Awards BAA Cheerleading Collective bargaining agreement Criticisms and controversies 2007 Tim Donaghy betting scandal G League Dress code Draft eligibility Global Games Africa 2015 , Africa 2017 First overall draft picks Hall of Fame Members Head coaches Current Player - coaches Champions Foreign coaches Lockouts Larry O'Brien Trophy Mascots Midwest Division NBA champions NBA Store Media TV NBA TV NBL NBPA Owners Players Current rosters Foreign players Race and ethnicity Retired numbers Banned or suspended Highest paid Records regular season post-season All - Star Game Win - loss records Rivalries Salary cap Seasons Teams Defunct Expansion Relocated Timeline WNBA Basketball in the United States Portal 2017 -- 18 season Sports teams based in and around Cleveland Baseball MLB : Cleveland Indians MWL : Lake County Captains FL : Lake Erie Crushers Basketball NBA : Cleveland Cavaliers Football NFL : Cleveland Browns AFL : Cleveland Gladiators WFA : Cleveland Fusion Hockey AHL : Cleveland Monsters Roller derby WFTDA : Burning River Roller Derby Soccer NPSL : AFC Cleveland College athletics ( NCAA Division I ) Cleveland State Vikings College athletics ( NCAA Division II ) Notre Dame College Falcons Ursuline College Arrows College athletics ( NCAA Division III ) Case Western Reserve Spartans Baldwin Wallace Yellow Jackets John Carroll University Blue Streaks Related Cleveland sports curse Ohio Derby 2014 Gay Games Cleveland Marathon Sports teams based in Ohio Baseball MLB Cincinnati Reds Cleveland Indians IL Columbus Clippers Toledo Mud Hens EL Akron RubberDucks NYPL Mahoning Valley Scrappers MWL Dayton Dragons Lake County Captains FL Lake Erie Crushers PL Chillicothe Paints GLSCL Cincinnati Steam Grand Lake Mariners Hamilton Joes Licking County Settlers Lima Locos Lorain County Ironmen Southern Ohio Copperheads Xenia Scouts Basketball NBA Cleveland Cavaliers G League Canton Charge Football NFL Cincinnati Bengals Cleveland Browns AFL Cleveland Gladiators WFA Cleveland Fusion Columbus Comets Dayton Diamonds Toledo Reign USWFL Cincinnati Sizzle Hockey NHL Columbus Blue Jackets AHL Cleveland Monsters ECHL Cincinnati Cyclones Toledo Walleye USHL Youngstown Phantoms NA3HL Toledo Cherokee Wooster Oilers Horse racing Belterra Park Beulah Park Miami Valley Gaming Northfield Park Raceway Park Scioto Downs Thistledown Lacrosse MLL Ohio Machine Roller derby WFTDA Akron Roller Derby Burning River Roller Derby Cincinnati Rollergirls Gem City Rollergirls Glass City Rollers Little Steel Derby Girls Ohio Roller Derby MRDA Cincinnati Battering Rams Others Rugby union Others Dayton Area Rugby Club Soccer MLS Columbus Crew SC USL FC Cincinnati PDL Cincinnati Dutch Lions Dayton Dutch Lions NPSL AFC Cleveland Dayton Dynamo PLA Toledo United FC WPSL Columbus Eagles Columbus Sirens Dayton Dutch Lions WFC Softball NPF Akron Racers Australian rules football USAFL Cincinnati Dockers College athletics ( NCAA Division I ) Akron Bowling Green Cincinnati Cleveland State Dayton Kent State Miami Ohio Ohio State Toledo Wright State Xavier Youngstown State Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Cavaliers&oldid=808027566 '' Categories : Cleveland Cavaliers National Basketball Association teams Basketball teams established in 1970 1970 establishments in Ohio Rock Ventures Hidden categories : Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use mdy dates from September 2014 Articles with hCards Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Kiswahili Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски मराठी مازِرونی Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Vèneto Tiếng Việt Volapük Yorùbá 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 31 October 2017 , at 12 : 55 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where do the cleveland cavaliers play home games | ["The Cleveland Cavaliers, (referred to as the Cavs), are an American professional basketball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavs compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team began play as an expansion team in 1970, along with the Portland Trail Blazers and Buffalo Braves. Home games were first held at Cleveland Arena from 1970 to 1974, followed by the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1994. Since 1994, the Cavs have played home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland, which is shared with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. Dan Gilbert has owned the team since March 2005."] | ['Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland'] | The Cleveland Cavaliers, (referred to as the Cavs), are an American professional basketball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavs compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team began play as an expansion team in 1970, along with the Portland Trail Blazers and Buffalo Braves. Home games were first held at Cleveland Arena from 1970 to 1974, followed by the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1994. Since 1994, the Cavs have played home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland, which is shared with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. Dan Gilbert has owned the team since March 2005. |
[question]: What is the name of the arena where the Cleveland Cavaliers play their home games?
[answer]: The Cleveland Cavaliers play their home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland. | What is the name of the arena where the Cleveland Cavaliers play their home games? | The Cleveland Cavaliers play their home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland. | 1 | 7.534355 | 14 | 122 | 1 |
18,543 | -8,198,530,274,280,696,000 | Quicken Loans Arena | Quicken Loans Arena - wikipedia Quicken Loans Arena Jump to : navigation , search Quicken Loans Arena Aerial view in 2014 from Terminal Tower Former names Gund Arena ( 1994 -- 2005 ) Address 1 Center Court Location Cleveland , Ohio Coordinates 41 ° 29 ′ 47 '' N 81 ° 41 ′ 17 '' W / 41.49639 ° N 81.68806 ° W / 41.49639 ; - 81.68806 Coordinates : 41 ° 29 ′ 47 '' N 81 ° 41 ′ 17 '' W / 41.49639 ° N 81.68806 ° W / 41.49639 ; - 81.68806 Public transit Tower City Owner Atlanta Hawks Operator CAVS / Quicken Loans Arena Company Capacity Basketball : 20,562 Ice Hockey : 10,025 ( expandable to 20,056 ) Arena football : 20,056 Construction Broke ground April 27 , 1992 Opened October 17 , 1994 Construction cost $ 100 million ( $162 million in 2016 dollars ) Architect Ellerbe Becket Project manager Seagull Bay Sports , LLC . Services engineer URS Corporation General contractor Turner / Choice / Bradley / Zunt Tenants Current : Cleveland Cavaliers ( NBA ) ( 1994 -- present ) Cleveland State Vikings ( NCAA ) ( secondary ; 2015 -- present ) Cleveland Monsters ( AHL ) ( 2007 -- present ) Cleveland Gladiators ( AFL ) ( 2008 -- 2017 , 2020 -- present ) Former : Cleveland Crush ( LFL ) ( 2011 -- 2013 ) Cleveland Rockers ( WNBA ) ( 1997 -- 2003 ) Cleveland Barons ( AHL ) ( 2001 -- 2006 ) Cleveland Lumberjacks ( IHL ) ( 1994 -- 2001 ) Quicken Loans Arena , commonly known as `` The Q '' , is a multi-purpose arena in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , United States . The building is the home of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League , and the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League . It also serves as a secondary arena for Cleveland State Vikings men 's and women 's basketball . The arena opened in October 1994 as part of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex with adjacent Progressive Field , which opened in April of that year . It is named for the retail mortgage lender Quicken Loans , whose chairman and founder is Dan Gilbert , the majority owner of the Cavaliers , Monsters , and Gladiators . From its opening until August 2005 , it was known as Gund Arena , named for former Cavaliers owner Gordon Gund , after he paid for the naming rights . The Q replaced the Richfield Coliseum as the primary entertainment facility for the region and the home of the Cavaliers , and supplanted the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University , which opened in 1990 , as the primary concert and athletic venue in downtown Cleveland . Quicken Loans Arena seats 20,562 people in its basketball configuration and up to 20,056 for ice hockey , making it the second - largest arena in the NBA by seating capacity . It is a frequent site for concerts and other athletic events such as the men 's and women 's basketball tournaments of the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) , hosting the men 's tournament since 2000 and the women 's tournament since 2001 . It has also been the host venue for the 2007 NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Final Four , opening and regional semifinal games in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament , and the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in 2000 and 2009 . In July 2016 , The Q hosted the 2016 Republican National Convention . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Design and operations 2 Tenants 2.1 Current 2.2 Former 3 Events 3.1 College Sports 3.2 Other events 4 References 5 External links History ( edit ) The arena logo from 1994 to 2005 . The Q was preceded in downtown Cleveland by the Cleveland Arena , a facility built in 1937 with a seating capacity for basketball of approximately 12,000 . It was best known as the site of the Moondog Coronation Ball in 1952 , widely regarded as the first rock and roll concert . Cleveland Arena was the first home of the Cavaliers in 1970 . The Cleveland Arena was also the home of an earlier professional basketball team , the Cleveland Rebels of the Basketball Association of America , the original Cleveland Barons ice hockey team , and hosted several games of the Cincinnati Royals of the NBA in the 1960s . By 1970 , however , Cleveland Arena was outdated and in disrepair . The Cavs played there their first four seasons . It was replaced in 1974 by the 20,273 - seat Richfield Coliseum , located in Richfield , between Cleveland and Akron . During the 1980s , the site of the Central Market , a fruit and vegetable market that dated back to 1856 , was selected for construction of a multi-purpose domed stadium for the Cleveland Browns and Cleveland Indians , but the ballot measure to fund it was defeated by voters . The market site was acquired in 1985 and cleared in 1987 in a continued push for new downtown sports facilities by city and business leaders . In 1990 , voters approved a sin tax on alcohol and tobacco products in Cuyahoga County to fund the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex , which includes the Q and adjacent Progressive Field . Construction began in 1992 with the ballpark opening in April 1994 and the arena in October 1994 . The arena opened with a concert by Billy Joel on October 17 , 1994 . The Cavaliers played their first regular - season game in the arena a few weeks later , a loss to the Houston Rockets , on November 8 , 1994 . As part of his purchase of the team and the arena naming rights in 2005 , Dan Gilbert , owner of Quicken Loans , funded renovations of the arena , which included installing new wine - colored seats , state - of - the - art scoreboards , video systems , and sound systems , new arena graphics and signage , and upgrades to security , locker rooms , and the suites , all of which were in place for the start of the Cavaliers 2005 -- 2006 season , except for the seats , which were replaced a few sections at a time . Gilbert purchased the then - inactive Utah Grizzlies franchise of the American Hockey League on May 16 , 2006 , and announced that it would move to Quicken Loans Arena to replace the departed Cleveland Barons . The team name was announced as the Lake Erie Monsters on January 25 , 2007 , and began play in the 2007 -- 08 season . The Lake Erie Monsters changed their name to the Cleveland Monsters on August 9 , 2016 . The Las Vegas Gladiators of the Arena Football League announced on October 16 , 2007 , that they would move to Quicken Loans Arena , becoming the Cleveland Gladiators . Plans for a two - year , $140 million renovation project to begin in 2017 were released by the Cavaliers in December 2016 . The project calls for an increase in the square footage of the concourses and open areas , along with upgrades throughout the building . It is scheduled to be completed by late 2019 . Design and operations ( edit ) The arena seats 20,562 for basketball , with 2,000 club seats and 88 luxury suites . Seating is divided into three levels , with two main levels of suites and five `` platinum suites '' on the event level . Around the seating there are two main concourses , one on the ground level to access the 100 level seating and 32 lower suites , and an upper concourse for the top 200 level seating . The lower concourse also includes the ticket office and the two - level main team shop . In between is the club level , which provides access to the 60 upper suites and club seating . Also on the club level is an auxiliary gym , which was used by the Cavaliers as their main practice court until the opening of the Cleveland Clinic Courts practice facility in 2007 . In the hockey and arena football configuration , capacity is 20,056 . During most Monsters games , the upper - level seating is closed and covered by a large curtain , reducing capacity to 10,025 . In the basketball configuration , when the upper level seating is closed , capacity is listed at 11,751. 60 % of the seating is located in the lower two levels . The scoreboard with flames during player introductions in 2014 The main scoreboard at The Q , nicknamed Humongotron , is the second largest scoreboard used in an NBA arena . It was installed in October 2014 after Cavs owner Dan Gilbert had seen a similar scoreboard at the Toyota Center in Houston during the 2013 NBA All - Star Weekend . The scoreboard includes four large high - definition video screens with large sabers on each corner that can extend outward to shoot fire , usually as part of player introductions . The two screens facing the sidelines are 31.5 feet ( 9.6 m ) high and 56.69 feet ( 17.28 m ) wide , while the two screens facing the baselines measure 29.92 feet ( 9.12 m ) high and 33.07 feet ( 10.08 m ) wide . On the roof of the building is a large LED message board that measures 360 feet ( 110 m ) by 90 feet ( 27 m ) , described as the `` largest LED roof sign on the planet '' by Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert . The sign was approved by the Cleveland City Planning Commission in March 2016 with the stipulation that only the arena 's name or its naming rights sponsor can be shown . Any other use of the sign needs commission approval . The message board was installed later in 2016 and debuted in May during Game 1 of the Eastern Conference finals . The arena , along with neighboring Progressive Field and an adjacent parking garage , is owned by the Gateway Economic Development Corporation of Greater Cleveland , an entity made up of members appointed by the governments of the city of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County . Gateway leases the arena to the Cavaliers , who also manage the Cleveland Monsters and the Cleveland Gladiators . Food service is managed by Aramark and includes items contributed by award - winning chef Michael Symon . Two existing restaurants were renamed in 2009 after Symon 's bar - bistros `` Bar Symon '' and `` The B - Spot '' , and some of his signature dishes are available as suite catering offerings . In March 2017 , in partnership with the non-profit organization KultureCity , Quicken Loans Arena officially introduced the availability of accommodations during all events for guests with hypersensitivity needs , such as attendees with autism spectrum disorders . This includes staff training , free `` sensory bags '' with headphones , a blanket , and other items geared towards attendees with sensory needs , as well as a sensory room and exemptions from re-entry policies if they are overwhelmed by the environment . The arena became the first in the NBA to be certified by KultureCity as being `` sensory inclusive '' . Tenants ( edit ) Current ( edit ) As home of the Cavaliers , Monsters , and Gladiators , The Q has hosted a number of notable events for each team , including playoff and championship games . Through the 2015 -- 16 season , the Cavs have hosted playoff games in 10 of their 22 seasons at The Q , including games three and four of the 2007 NBA Finals , and games three , four , and six of the 2015 and 2016 Finals . The arena was also the site of the 1997 NBA All - Star Game , which celebrated the 50th anniversary of the founding of the NBA . The Gladiators have qualified for the Arena Football League playoffs in four of their seven seasons in Cleveland through 2015 , and hosted playoff games in 2008 , 2011 , and 2014 . During the 2014 season , the team finished 15 -- 1 overall and advanced to ArenaBowl XXVII , which hosted at Quicken Loans Arena . The game drew 18,410 fans and was held at the same time as a Cleveland Browns home preseason game at FirstEnergy Stadium , and a Cleveland Indians home game at adjacent Progressive Field . The Monsters made their playoff debut in 2011 and returned to the playoffs in 2016 . In the 2016 Calder Cup playoffs , the team advanced to the Calder Cup final and swept the Hershey Bears in four games for their first Calder Cup in franchise history . Games three and four were held at The Q. Game four , held on June 11 , was a sell - out and drew 19,665 fans , which set a record for largest crowd to ever see a professional hockey game in the state of Ohio and the second - largest postseason crowd in American Hockey League history . Former ( edit ) Quicken Loans Arena has been home to other franchises that have either relocated or folded . When it opened in 1994 , in addition to being home of the Cavaliers , it was also the home arena for the Cleveland Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League ( IHL ) . The Lumberjacks played at the arena until 2001 when the team folded along with the IHL . Later that year a new incarnation of the Cleveland Barons , who played in the American Hockey League , began play and were tenants at the arena until 2006 when the team moved to Worcester , Massachusetts . Two women 's professional teams have also called the arena home . From 1997 to 2003 , the Cleveland Rockers , one of the eight charter members of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , played at The Q. The team folded after the 2003 WNBA season because the Gunds , who still owned the Cavs at that point , no longer wished to operate the Rockers franchise and a new ownership group could not be obtained . The Cleveland Crush of the Lingerie Football League played at The Q for their 2011 -- 12 and 2012 -- 13 seasons before moving to Toledo , Ohio , in late 2013 . Events ( edit ) College Sports ( edit ) In addition to its professional sports tenants , The Q has hosted a number of intercollegiate sporting events . It has been home to the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) Men 's Basketball Tournament since 2000 and the MAC MAC Women 's Basketball Tournament since 2001 . `` MAC Madness '' , as it is known , has become a strong draw for the arena . The men 's semifinal and championship games routinely draw 10,000 - 15,000 attendees . In addition , Quicken Loans Arena has served as a host for games of the NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship , hosting early round games in 2011 and regional semifinal and final games in 2015 . The Q has also hosted games for the NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship , hosting regional semifinals and finals for the 2006 tournament and the Final Four and national championship game of the 2007 tournament . In 2015 , it was announced that arena management and Cleveland State University came to an agreement where select CSU Vikings men 's and women 's basketball games would take place at The Q , while Quicken Loans Arena would essentially take over operations of the Wolstein Center ( CSU 's primary home arena ) , being in charge of promoting and booking events at the venue . A view from inside the arena . Other events ( edit ) In addition to team sports , The Q has hosted a number of other events , including the 2000 and 2009 U.S. Figure Skating Championships along with professional wrestling broadcasts for Raw and SmackDown , and numerous WWE pay -- per -- view events : SummerSlam ( 1996 ) - headlined by Shawn Michaels vs. Vader for the WWF Championship No Mercy ( 1999 ) - headlined by Triple H vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship Invasion ( 2001 ) - headlined by Team Alliance vs. Team WWF . Survivor Series ( 2004 ) - headlined by Team Orton vs. Team Triple H Unforgiven ( 2008 ) - headlined by the first ever Championship Scramble matches . TLC : Tables , Ladders and Chairs ( 2014 ) - headlined by Bray Wyatt vs. Dean Ambrose in a TLC match . Fastlane ( 2016 ) - headlined by Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns vs. Dean Ambrose in a Triple Threat match for the # 1 contender for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 32 . LeBron James gathered almost 20,000 people at the arena on October 29 , 2008 , for a viewing of Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's 30 - minute American Stories , American Solutions television advertisement . It was shown on a large screen above the stage , where Jay - Z later held a free concert . Quicken Loans Arena was selected in July 2014 as the host site for the 2016 Republican National Convention . The arena hosted the first Republican presidential debate of the 2016 election , aired by Fox News Channel , on August 6 , 2015 . The convention was held July 18 -- 21 , 2016 . Cleveland - area native Stipe Miocic defended his heavyweight championship at UFC 203 , which was held at The Q on September 10 , 2016 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project . `` Consumer Price Index ( estimate ) 1800 -- '' . Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Quicken Loans Arena ( formerly Gund Arena ) '' . Ellerbe Becket.com . Retrieved July 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Project Management Consultants : Project Profiles - Ballparks , Stadium & Arenas Archived November 4 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ PCI Journal - March / April 1994 Jump up ^ Quicken Loans Arena at emporis.com ^ Jump up to : `` Cleveland Arena '' . Encyclopedia of Cleveland History . Case Western Reserve University . March 27 , 1998 . Retrieved December 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stoffel , Jennifer ( June 13 , 1990 ) . `` Real Estate ; New Sports Complex for Cleveland '' . The New York Times . Retrieved November 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Central Market '' . The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History . Case Western Reserve University . March 25 , 1998 . Retrieved July 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Quicken Loans Arena '' . Encyclopedia of Cleveland History . Case Western Reserve University . September 12 , 2008 . Retrieved December 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Houston Rockets at Cleveland Cavaliers Box Score '' . Basketball-Reference.com . November 8 , 1994 . Retrieved October 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Withers , Tom ( December 13 , 2016 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers announce plans for $140 M renovation of arena - NBA.com '' . NBA.com . Associated Press . Retrieved December 13 , 2016 . The Cavaliers announced plans Tuesday for a $140 million project to renovate Quicken Loans Arena , the downtown home of the NBA champions since 1994 . ^ Jump up to : `` Quicken Loans Arena Fun Facts '' . Quicken Loans Arena. 2015 . Retrieved December 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sneak Peek At New Quicken Loans Arena HD Jumbotron '' ( Press release ) . Cleveland Cavaliers . September 25 , 2014 . Retrieved December 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers Announce Quicken Loans Arena Is Now Home to NBA 's Biggest Scoreboard '' ( Press release ) . Bleacher Report , Inc . October 27 , 2014 . Retrieved October 28 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Jarboe , Michelle ( March 18 , 2016 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers ' plan for giant LED sign atop The Q gets planning commission 's OK '' . The Plain Dealer . Retrieved February 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Allard , Sam ( May 18 , 2016 ) . `` The New `` Quicken Loans Arena '' LED Sign Debuted Last Night `` . Cleveland Scene . Retrieved February 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Who We Are '' . Gateway Economic Development Corporation of Greater Cleveland . 2013 . Retrieved December 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Acclaimed Chef Michael Symon Brings His Signature Menu to Quicken Loans Arena , in Partnership with Cleveland Cavaliers and ARAMARK '' ( Press release ) . NBA.com . October 2 , 2009 . Retrieved July 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cleveland Cavaliers have first sensory inclusive sporting arena . Here 's what that means and why it matters '' . SB Nation . Retrieved 1 April 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cavaliers debut The Quiet Space sensory room aimed at expanding accessibility inside The Q '' . Cleveland.com . Booth Newspapers . Retrieved 1 April 2017 . Jump up ^ Warsinskey , Tim ( August 10 , 2014 ) . `` Cleveland Gladiators advance to ArenaBowl XXVII , defeat Orlando Predators , 56 - 46 '' . The Plain Dealer . Retrieved June 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Boone , Faith ( August 22 , 2014 ) . `` MAP : Where to park for the Browns , Indians or Gladiators games this weekend '' . NewsNet5.com . Archived from the original on August 5 , 2016 . Retrieved June 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Monsters bring Calder Cup back to Cleveland '' . theAHL.com . American Hockey League . June 11 , 2016 . Retrieved June 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Allard , Sam ( December 17 , 2013 ) . `` Cleveland Crush Franchise Will Relocate to Toledo '' . CleveScene . Retrieved June 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 2011 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship '' . Quicken Loans Arena . March 19 , 2010 . Retrieved July 7 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Quicken Loans Arena Official Website . `` Quicken Loans Arena and Cleveland State University Announce Partnership to Grow the Sports and Entertainment Landscape in Downtown Cleveland '' . Retrieved 1 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Jay - Z , LeBron James get out vote for Obama '' . MSNBC . October 30 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Walshe , Shushannah & Klein , Rick ( July 8 , 2014 ) . `` Republicans Choose Cleveland As 2016 Convention Site '' . ABC News . Retrieved July 27 , 2014 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quicken Loans Arena . Official website Quicken Loans Arena Seating Chart ( show ) Events and tenants Preceded by Richfield Coliseum Home of the Cleveland Cavaliers 1994 -- present Succeeded by current Preceded by Orleans Arena Home of the Cleveland Gladiators 2008 -- present Succeeded by current Preceded by E Center Home of the Cleveland Monsters 2007 -- present Succeeded by current Preceded by SeaGate Convention Centre Host of the Mid-American Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament 2000 -- present Succeeded by current Preceded by Alamodome Host of the NBA All - Star Game 1997 Succeeded by Madison Square Garden Current arenas in the National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Air Canada Centre Barclays Center Madison Square Garden TD Garden Wells Fargo Center Central Bankers Life Fieldhouse BMO Harris Bradley Center Little Caesars Arena Quicken Loans Arena United Center Southeast American Airlines Arena Amway Center Capital One Arena Philips Arena Spectrum Center Western Conference Northwest Chesapeake Energy Arena Moda Center Pepsi Center Target Center Vivint Smart Home Arena Pacific Golden 1 Center Oracle Arena Staples Center Talking Stick Resort Arena Southwest American Airlines Center AT&T Center FedExForum Smoothie King Center Toyota Center Current arenas in the American Hockey League Eastern Conference Atlantic Dunkin ' Donuts Center Giant Center MassMutual Center Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza PPL Center Webster Bank Arena XL Center North Adirondack Bank Center Blue Cross Arena Floyd L. Maines Veterans Memorial Arena Oncenter War Memorial Arena Place Bell Ricoh Coliseum Yardmen Arena Western Conference Central Allstate Arena Bell MTS Place BMO Harris Bank Center Bojangles ' Coliseum Quicken Loans Arena UW -- Milwaukee Panther Arena Van Andel Arena Wells Fargo Arena Pacific AT&T Center Citizens Business Bank Arena H-E-B Center Rabobank Arena SAP Center at San Jose Stockton Arena Valley View Casino Center Tucson Convention Center Current arenas in the Arena Football League Arenas Amalie Arena Capital One Arena Quicken Loans Arena Royal Farms Arena Wells Fargo Center Cleveland Cavaliers Founded in 1970 Based in Cleveland , Ohio Franchise History 1970 Expansion Draft All - time roster Draft history Seasons Head coaches Current season Arenas Cleveland Arena Richfield Coliseum Quicken Loans Arena Key personnel Owner : Dan Gilbert General manager : Koby Altman Head coach : Tyronn Lue Culture and lore Big Three `` Cleveland Rocks '' Cleveland sports curse Joe Tait Ted Stepien rule The Block The Decision The Miracle of Richfield The Shot Rivalries Chicago Bulls Golden State Warriors Playoff appearances ( 21 ) 1976 1977 1978 1985 1998 2006 2007 2008 2009 2015 2016 2017 Central Division titles ( 6 ) 1976 2009 2015 2016 2017 Eastern Conference titles ( 4 ) 2007 2015 2016 2017 NBA Championships ( 1 ) 2016 Retired numbers 7 11 22 25 34 42 43 Hall of Fame inductees Wayne Embry Nate Thurmond Lenny Wilkens G League affiliate Canton Charge Media Broadcasters Radio network Flagships : WTAM WMMS Spanish : WLFM - LP Television : Fox Sports Ohio Cleveland Monsters Franchise History Utah Grizzlies Seasons Records Players All articles Arenas Quicken Loans Arena Coaches Joe Sacco David Quinn Dean Chynoweth Jared Bednar John Madden Retired numbers 9 15 Rivalries Grand Rapids Griffins Affiliates Columbus Blue Jackets ( NHL ) Championships Calder Cup 2016 Western Conference 2016 Media WMMS - HD2 Fox Sports Ohio SportsTime Ohio Cleveland Gladiators Formerly the New Jersey Red Dogs , the New Jersey Gladiators , and the Las Vegas Gladiators Founded in 1997 Based in Cleveland , Ohio Franchise Franchise Seasons Players Arenas Continental Airlines Arena Thomas & Mack Center Orleans Arena Quicken Loans Arena Head coaches Hufnagel Guy Kuharich Haege James Wilpolt Thonn Selesky Playoff appearances ( 10 ) 1997 1998 2002 2003 2008 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 ArenaBowl appearances ( 1 ) XXVII Division championships ( 3 ) 2002 2011 2014 Hall of Fame members Clint Dolezel George LaFrance Stevie Thomas Current league affiliations League : Arena Football League Conference : National Conference Media WKRK - FM Spectrum Sports ( Ohio ) Seasons ( 20 ) 1990s 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2010s 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Venues of the Republican National Convention Musical Fund Hall ( 1856 ) Wigwam ( 1860 ) Front Street Theater ( 1864 ) Crosby 's Opera House ( 1868 ) Academy of Music ( 1872 ) Exposition Hall ( Cincinnati ) ( 1876 ) Interstate Exposition Building ( 1880 ) Exposition Hall ( Chicago ) ( 1884 ) Auditorium ( 1888 ) Industrial Exposition Building ( 1892 ) St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall ( 1896 ) Convention Hall ( 1900 ) Chicago Coliseum ( 1904 ) Chicago Coliseum ( 1908 ) Chicago Coliseum ( 1912 ) Chicago Coliseum ( 1916 ) Chicago Coliseum ( 1920 ) Public Auditorium ( 1924 ) Convention Hall ( 1928 ) Chicago Stadium ( 1932 ) Public Auditorium ( 1936 ) Convention Hall ( 1940 ) Chicago Stadium ( 1944 ) Convention Hall ( 1948 ) International Amphitheatre ( 1952 ) Cow Palace ( 1956 ) International Amphitheatre ( 1960 ) Cow Palace ( 1964 ) Miami Beach Convention Center ( 1968 ) Miami Beach Convention Center ( 1972 ) Kemper Arena ( 1976 ) Joe Louis Arena ( 1980 ) Reunion Arena ( 1984 ) Louisiana Superdome ( 1988 ) Houston Astrodome ( 1992 ) San Diego Convention Center ( 1996 ) First Union Center ( 2000 ) Madison Square Garden ( 2004 ) Xcel Energy Center ( 2008 ) Tampa Bay Times Forum ( 2012 ) Quicken Loans Arena ( 2016 ) Music venues of Ohio Outdoor venues Blossom Music Center FirstEnergy Stadium Glass Bowl Great American Ball Park Jacobs Pavilion Mapfre Stadium Ohio Stadium PNC Pavilion Paul Brown Stadium Progressive Field Riverbend Music Center Rubber Bowl Theaters and clubs Bogart 's Franklin County Veterans Memorial Auditorium Stranahan Theater Taft Theatre Arenas Battelle Hall Beeghly Center Canton Memorial Civic Center Cincinnati Gardens Cintas Center Covelli Centre Fifth Third Arena Hara Arena Huntington Center James A. Rhodes Arena Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center Nationwide Arena Nutter Center Public Auditorium Quicken Loans Arena Savage Arena SeaGate Convention Centre U.S. Bank Arena University of Dayton Arena Value City Arena Wolstein Center Historic venues Cleveland Stadium Coliseum at Richfield Germain Amphitheater Time Warner Cable Amphitheater Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quicken_Loans_Arena&oldid=815991043 '' Categories : 1994 establishments in Ohio Arena football venues Basketball venues in Ohio Cleveland Barons ( 2001 -- 06 ) Cleveland Cavaliers venues Cleveland Gladiators Cleveland Monsters Cleveland Rockers venues College basketball venues in the United States Event venues established in 1994 Indoor ice hockey venues in Ohio Legends Football League venues National Basketball Association venues Sports venues in Cleveland Music venues in Cleveland Sports venues completed in 1994 Indoor arenas in Ohio Rock Ventures Downtown Cleveland Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from July 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Català Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français Galego 한국어 Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 December 2017 , at 14 : 56 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where did the cavs play before the gund arena | ['The arena opened in October 1994 as part of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex with adjacent Progressive Field, which opened in April of that year. It is named for the retail mortgage lender Quicken Loans, whose chairman and founder is Dan Gilbert, the majority owner of the Cavaliers, Monsters, and Gladiators. From its opening until August 2005, it was known as Gund Arena, named for former Cavaliers owner Gordon Gund, after he paid for the naming rights. The Q replaced the Richfield Coliseum as the primary entertainment facility for the region and the home of the Cavaliers, and supplanted the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University, which opened in 1990, as the primary concert and athletic venue in downtown Cleveland.'] | ['the Richfield Coliseum'] | The arena opened in October 1994 as part of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex with adjacent Progressive Field, which opened in April of that year. It is named for the retail mortgage lender Quicken Loans, whose chairman and founder is Dan Gilbert, the majority owner of the Cavaliers, Monsters, and Gladiators. From its opening until August 2005, it was known as Gund Arena, named for former Cavaliers owner Gordon Gund, after he paid for the naming rights. The Q replaced the Richfield Coliseum as the primary entertainment facility for the region and the home of the Cavaliers, and supplanted the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University, which opened in 1990, as the primary concert and athletic venue in downtown Cleveland. |
[question]: What is the name of the arena that is home to the Cavaliers?
[answer]: The name of the arena that is home to the Cavaliers is Quicken Loans Arena, also known as "The Q." | What is the name of the arena that is home to the Cavaliers? | The name of the arena that is home to the Cavaliers is Quicken Loans Arena, also known as "The Q." | 1 | 7.528006 | 20 | 121 | 1 |
17,178 | -6,982,375,140,534,362,000 | Middle cerebral artery | Middle cerebral artery - wikipedia Middle cerebral artery Jump to : navigation , search Middle cerebral artery Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere , showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries . ( Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery . ) The arterial circle and arteries of the brain . The middle cerebral arteries ( top of figure ) arise from the internal carotid arteries . Details Source internal carotid arteries Branches anterolateral central arteries Vein middle cerebral vein Supplies cerebrum Identifiers Latin arteria cerebri media Dorlands / Elsevier a_61 / 12153812 TA A12. 2.07. 046 FMA 50079 Anatomical terminology ( edit on Wikidata ) The middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) is one of the three major paired arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum . The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex . It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices . The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries , which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries . The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis . Contents ( hide ) 1 Structure 1.1 Frontal lobe 1.2 Parietal lobe 1.3 Temporal lobe 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 3.1 Occlusion 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Structure ( edit ) Middle cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery and its branches ( patient has a hypoplastic A1 segment and an absent PCOM , resulting in a purely MCA angio from internal carotid artery injection ) The middle cerebral artery can be classified into 4 parts : M1 : The sphenoidal segment , so named due to its origin and loose lateral tracking of the sphenoid bone . Although known also as the horizontal segment , this may be misleading since the segment may descend , remain flat , or extend posteriorly the anterior ( dorsad ) in different individuals . The M1 segment perforates the brain with numerous anterolateral central ( lateral lenticulostriate ) arteries , which irrigate the basal ganglia . M2 : Extending anteriorly on the insula , this segment in known as the insular segment . It is also known as the Sylvian segment when the opercular segments are included . The MCA branches may bifurcate or sometimes trifurcate into trunks in this segment which then extend into branches that terminate towards the cortex . M3 : The opercular segments and extends laterally exteriorly from the insula towards the cortex . This segment is sometimes grouped as part of M2 . M4 : These finer terminal or cortical segments irrigate the cortex . They begin at the external of the Sylvian fissure and extend distally away on the cortex of the brain . The M2 and M3 segments may each split into 2 or 3 main trunks ( terminal branches ) with an upper trunk , lower trunk and occasionally a middle trunk . Bifurcations and trifurcations occurs in 50 % and 25 % of the cases respectively . Other cases include duplication of the MCA at the internal carotid artery ( ICA ) or an accessory MCA ( AccMCA ) which arise not from the ICA but as a branch from the anterior cerebral artery . The middle trunk that exist in parts of the population , when present provides the pre-Rolandic , Rolandic , anterior parietal , posterior parietal and the angular artery for irrigation instead of the upper and lower trunks . The branches ( ramus ) of the MCA can be described by the areas that they irrigate . Frontal lobe ( edit ) Lateral frontobasal ( orbitiofrontal ) : This artery branches out anteriorly , superiorly and laterally to vascularize the inferior frontal gyrus . It `` competes '' in size with the frontal polar branch of the anterior cerebral artery Prefrontal arteries : These arteries fan out over the insula and exit to the cortex via the medial surface of the frontal operculum . The arteries fan superiorly over the pars triangularis and vascularize the inferior and middle frontal gyrus . Near the superior frontal gyrus these arteries anastamose with branches from the pericallosal artery of the anterior cerebral artery . Pre-Rolandic artery ( precentral ) : The artery extends out on the medial surface of the operculum and supplies the posterior parts of the middle and inferior frontal gyri as well as the lower parts of the pre-central gyrus . This artery branches once or twice and is relatively invariant across anatomies . Rolandic arteries ( central ) : The artery extends out and exits from the central portion of the operculum then passes inside the central sulcus . This artery bifurcates in 72 % of individuals and irrigates the posterior pre-central gyrus and the inferior portion of the post-central gyrus . Parietal lobe ( edit ) Anterior parietal : This artery usually originates from the anterior or middle MCA trunk . In some cases it branches from the rolandic artery or from the posterior parietal artery . It extends the length of interparietal sulcus and descends slightly posteriorly . Posterior parietal : Emerges from the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure and extends first posteriorly , and then anteriorly along the posterior of the parietal lobe . It also branches to the supramarginal gyrus . Angular : The angular artery is a significant terminal branch of the anterior or middle trunk of the MCA . It emerges from the Sylvian fissure and passes over the anterior transverse temporal gyrus and usually divides into two branches . One of the branches supplies the angular gyrus while the other supplies the supramarginal gyrus , posterior superior temporal gyrus , and the parietooccipital arcus ( sulcus ) . Temporooccipital : The longest cortical artery , it runs posteriorly opposite to the center of the operculum . Upon its exit from the Sylvian fissure , it runs parallel to the superior temporal sulcus and supplies the superior and inferior occipital gyri . This vessel anastamoses with the posterior cerebral artery and may exist as one or two arteries , 67 % or 33 % of the time , respectively . Temporal lobe ( edit ) Temporopolar : The artery extends from the sphenoidal segment of the MCA via the inferior surface of the operculum and supplies the polar and anterior lateral portions of the temporal lobe . The vessel can be identified in 52 % of normal angiograms Anterior temporal : This artery extends in the similar fashion as the temporopolar artery and vascularizes the same regions . Middle temporal : This artery extends from the Sylvian fissure opposite to the inferior frontal gyrus and supplies superior and middle portions of the middle temporal lobe . It can be identified in 79 % of angiograms . Posterior temporal : This artery extends out and away from the operculum and turns in a step-wise manner first inferiorly then posteriorly into the superior temporal sulcus then to the middle temporal sulcus . This vessel supplies posterior portion of the temporal lobe and is the origin of several perforating arteries that irrigate the insula . It is readily identifiable in most radiograms . Function ( edit ) Areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery include : The bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere ; except for the superior inch of the frontal and parietal lobe ( anterior cerebral artery ) , and the inferior part of the temporal lobe . Superior division supplies lateroinferior frontal lobe ( location of Broca 's area i.e. language expression ) Inferior division supplies lateral temporal lobe ( location of Wernicke 's area i.e. language comprehension ) Deep branches supply the basal ganglia as well as the internal capsule MCA occlusion site and resulting Aphasia Global -- trunk of MCA Broca -- anterior branch of MCA Wernicke -- posterior branch of MCA Clinical significance ( edit ) Occlusion ( edit ) Main article : Middle cerebral artery syndrome Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery results in Middle cerebral artery syndrome , potentially showing the following defects : Paralysis ( - plegia ) or weakness ( - paresis ) of the contralateral face and arm ( faciobrachial ) Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm . Damage to the dominant hemisphere ( usually the left hemisphere ) results in aphasia i.e. Broca 's area or Wernicke 's Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere ( usually the right hemisphere ) results in contralateral neglect syndrome Large MCA infarcts often have déviation conjuguée , a gaze preference towards the side of the lesion , especially during the acute period . Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia is often present . See also ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Middle cerebral artery . This article uses anatomical terminology ; for an overview , see Anatomical terminology . Leptomeningeal collateral circulation References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Moore KL , Dalley AR . Clinically Oriented Anatomy , 4th Ed. , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , Toronto . Copyright 1999 . ISBN 0 - 683 - 06141 - 0 . Jump up ^ Krayenbühl , Hugo ; Yaşargil , Mahmut Gazi ; Huber , Peter ; Bosse , George ( 1982 ) , Cerebral Angiography , Thieme , pp. 105 -- 123 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 86577 - 067 - 6 Jump up ^ Osborn , Anne G. ; Jacobs , John M. ( 1999 ) , Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , pp. 143 -- 144 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 397 - 58404 - 8 External links ( edit ) MedEd at Loyola Neuro / neurovasc / navigation / mca. htm Anatomy photo : 28 : 09 - 0215 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center `` Anatomy diagram : 13048.000 - 1 '' . Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator . Elsevier . Archived from the original on 2014 - 01 - 01 . Blood supply at neuropat.dote.hu ( hide ) Arteries of the head and neck CC EC sup . thyroid superior laryngeal sternocleidomastoid branch infrahyoid branch cricothyroid branch glandular branches asc . pharyngeal posterior meningeal pharyngeal branches inferior tympanic lingual suprahyoid dorsal lingual deep lingual sublingual facial cervical branches ( ascending palatine , tonsillar , submental , glandular ) facial branches ( inferior labial superior labial / nasal septum lateral nasal angular ) occipital sternocleidomastoid meningeal occipital auricular descending post . auricular stylomastoid stapedial auricular occipital Parotid sup . temporal transverse facial middle temporal ( zygomatico - orbital ) anterior auricular frontal parietal maxillary 1st part / mandibular anterior tympanic deep auricular middle meningeal ( superior tympanic , petrosal ) accessory meningeal inferior alveolar 2nd part / pterygoid to muscles of mastication ( deep temporal , pterygoid , masseteric ) buccal 3rd part / pterygopalatine posterior superior alveolar infraorbital ( anterior superior alveolar ) descending palatine ( greater palatine , lesser palatine ) artery of the pterygoid canal sphenopalatine ( posterior septal branches , posterior lateral nasal ) pharyngeal IC cervical carotid sinus petrous Vidian caroticotympanic cavernous / ophthalmic orbital group : anterior ethmoidal posterior ethmoidal lacrimal ( lateral palpebral ) medial palpebral terminal ( supraorbital , supratrochlear , dorsal nasal ) ocular group : central retinal ciliary ( short posterior , long posterior , anterior ) Circulus arteriosus major hypophysial ( superior , inferior ) brain Circle of Willis ACA ( anterior communicating , medial striate , Orbitofrontal artery ) MCA ( anterolateral central , Prefrontal artery , Superior terminal branch , Inferior terminal branch , Anterior temporal branch ) posterior communicating anterior choroidal SC vertebral artery meningeal spinal ( posterior , anterior ) basilar : pontine labyrinthine cerebellar ( AICA , SCA , PICA ) cerebral ( PCA ) thyrocervical trunk inferior thyroid inferior laryngeal tracheal esophageal ascending cervical pharyngeal glandular branches transverse cervical superficial branch deep branch / dorsal scapular scapular anastomosis suprascapular acromial branch scapular anastomosis costocervical trunk deep cervical Supreme Intercostal artery Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_cerebral_artery&oldid=793574992 '' Categories : Arteries of the head and neck Hidden categories : Medicine infobox template using GraySubject or GrayPage Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français Galego Italiano Latina Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Plattdüütsch Polski Português Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 2 August 2017 , at 16 : 29 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | which part of the cerebral hemisphere is supplied by the middle cerebral artery | ['\n\nMiddle cerebral artery\n\n\n\nOuter surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery.)\n\n\n\n\nThe arterial circle and arteries of the brain. The middle cerebral arteries (top of figure) arise from the internal carotid arteries.\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\nSource\ninternal carotid arteries\n\n\nBranches\nanterolateral central arteries\n\n\nVein\nmiddle cerebral vein\n\n\nSupplies\ncerebrum\n\n\nIdentifiers\n\n\nLatin\narteria cerebri media\n\n\nDorlands\n/Elsevier\na_61/12153812\n\n\nTA\nA12.2.07.046\n\n\nFMA\n50079\n\n\nAnatomical terminology\n[edit on Wikidata]\n\n\n'] | ['cerebrum'] |
Middle cerebral artery
Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery.)
The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. The middle cerebral arteries (top of figure) arise from the internal carotid arteries.
Details
Source
internal carotid arteries
Branches
anterolateral central arteries
Vein
middle cerebral vein
Supplies
cerebrum
Identifiers
Latin
arteria cerebri media
Dorlands
/Elsevier
a_61/12153812
TA
A12.2.07.046
FMA
50079
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
|
[question]: What is the Latin name for the middle cerebral artery?
[answer]: The Latin name for the middle cerebral artery is arteria cerebri media. | What is the Latin name for the middle cerebral artery? | The Latin name for the middle cerebral artery is arteria cerebri media. | 1 | 7.515042 | 12 | 75 | 1 |
20,947 | 7,316,836,837,270,285,000 | The Breakfast Club (radio show) | The Breakfast Club ( radio show ) - Wikipedia The Breakfast Club ( radio show ) Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Don McNeill 's Breakfast Club . The Breakfast Club Genre Talk , Hip hop , Politics Running time 4 hours Country of origin United States Home station Power 105.1 ( New York City ) Syndicates Premiere Radio Networks The Young Turks TV adaptations Simulcast on Revolt Starring DJ Envy Angela Yee Charlamagne Tha God Produced by Eddie F . Original release 2010 ( at WWPR - FM ) since 2013 ( Syndication ) -- present Opening theme Smells Like Teen Spirit performed by Nirvana Website The Breakfast Club Official Website The Breakfast Club is an American syndicated radio show based in New York City hosted by DJ Envy , Angela Yee , and Charlamagne Tha God . It currently airs in 50 plus markets around the country and on REVOLT every morning . Common topics of discussion on the show are celebrity gossip ( especially in the hip hop industry ) , progressive politics , sexual and dating issues . The show is also currently affiliated with The Young Turks Network . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Segments 3 Past / Recurring segments 4 Affiliates 5 References 6 External links History ( edit ) The Breakfast Club was established December 2010 on Power 105.1 as a local morning show . In April 2013 , Premiere Networks ( WWPR - FM 's corporate cousin through owner Clear Channel Communications , now iHeartMedia , Inc . ) launched a weekend version of the show Weekends with the Breakfast Club , which is a Top 20 Countdown . Four months later , The Breakfast Club was rolled out into syndication . Since March 2014 , The Breakfast Club has been simulcast on REVOLT . The show became partially owned by The Young Turks on September 10 , 2016 . In July 2017 , comedian Lil Duval joked on the show about killing a sex partner if she turned out to be a transgender woman . Host Charlamagne Tha God , while noting that killing a trans person was a hate crime , stated that women not disclosing their trans status were `` taking away a person 's power of choice '' and `` should go to jail or something '' . In response , trans activists , including Raquel Willis and Elle Hearns , called for the show to be boycotted or cancelled . Segments ( edit ) Front Page News Get It Off Your Chest The Rumor Report Ask Yee ( Wednesday and Thursdays ) Donkey of the Day Freaky Friday ( Friday ) Positive note of the day Call in and Weigh in Interview Goon Toons ( Friday ) People 's Choice Mix Shoot Your Shot ( Monday ) Past / Recurring segments ( edit ) The Freezer Slander the Breakfast Club After the Club New Song of the day The Decision ( Mondays ) Hoe Appreciation Day Affiliates ( edit ) REVOLT TV WWPR , New York City , New York ( flagship station ) WUSL , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania KOHT , Tucson , Arizona WKKV , Milwaukee , Wisconsin W281AB , Birmingham , Alabama WZHT , Montgomery , Alabama WQUE , New Orleans , Louisiana KHBT , Waco , Texas KQBT , Houston , Texas KKMY , Beaumont , Texas W257BQ , Charleston , South Carolina WHXT , Columbia , South Carolina WRSV , Raleigh , North Carolina ( simulcast on WDUR - AM ) W242BX , Greenville , South Carolina WMIB , Miami , Florida W283AN , Orlando , Florida WJBT , Jacksonville , Florida WOWI , Norfolk , Virginia WJLB , Detroit , Michigan WQHH , Lansing , Michigan WRDG , Atlanta , Georgia WFXE , Columbus , Georgia WQBT , Savannah , Georgia WGOV , Valdosta , Georgia WTFX , Louisville , Kentucky W280DO , Lexington , Kentucky WDHT , Dayton , Ohio WZCB , Columbus , Ohio WRVZ , Charleston , West Virginia WCZQ , Champaign , Illinois KVEG , Las Vegas , Nevada WJMN , Boston , Massachusetts KATZ - FM , St. Louis , Missouri WZRL , Indianapolis , Indiana KWEE , Portland , Oregon References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Premiere Radio Networks '' . Premiere Radio . Jump up ^ `` New York 's Power 105.1 Introduces New Morning Show '' . Jump up ^ `` Clear Channel Begins Breakfast Club Syndication Rollout '' . Jump up ^ `` The Breakfast Club is coming to REVOLT ! '' . Jump up ^ `` Lil Duval Jokes About Murdering Transgender Women , Leads To ' The Breakfast Club ' Boycott '' . Essence . July 31 , 2017 . Retrieved October 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Eligon , John ( August 6 , 2017 ) . `` Transgender African - Americans ' Open Wound : ' We 're Considered a Joke ' '' . The New York Times . Retrieved October 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Starr , Terrell Jermaine ( August 1 , 2017 ) . `` Trans Black Women Are Petitioning Charlamagne tha God Over Transphobic Comments on Show '' . The Root . Retrieved October 3 , 2017 . External links ( edit ) Official website Morning drive - time radio programs in New York City Morning Edition ( WNYC - 93.9 ) Ty Bentli , Kelly Ford and Chuck Wicks ( WNSH - 94.7 ) The Todd Show ( WPLJ - 95.5 ) El Vacilón de la Mañana ( WSKQ - 97.9 ) Golic and Wingo ( WEPN - 98.7 ) Elvis Duran and the Morning Show ( WHTZ - 100.3 ) Shannon in the Morning ( WCBS - 101.1 ) Cubby Bryant and Carolina Bermudez ( WKTU - 103.5 ) The Breakfast Club ( WWPR - 105.1 ) The Steve Harvey Morning Show ( WBLS - 107.5 ) The Morning Show with Boomer ( WFAN - 660 / 101.9 ) Len Berman ( WOR - 710 ) Imus in the Morning ( WABC - 770 ) The Takeaway ( WNYC - 820 ) Joe Piscopo ( WNYM - 970 ) Mark Riley ( WWRL - 1600 ) The Young Turks Hosts Main Cenk Uygur Ana Kasparian Other Jimmy Dore Alonso Duralde Brett Erlich Ryan Grim John Iadarola Shaun King Nomiki Konst Christy Lemire Ben Mankiewicz Dylan Ratigan Michael Shure Dan Rather David Sirota Emma Vigeland Former Jordan Chariton Jill Pike Dave Rubin Cara Santa Maria Partners The Bill Press Show Richard A. Fowler The Majority Report with Sam Seder Secular Talk The Breakfast Club Other Justice Democrats Mad as Hell Wolf PAC Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Breakfast_Club_(radio_show)&oldid=833213489 '' Categories : American music radio programs IHeartRadio digital channels 2010 radio programme debuts Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 30 March 2018 , at 08 : 21 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what station is the breakfast club on iheartradio | ['\nThe Breakfast Club\n\n\n\n\nGenre\nTalk, Hip hop, Politics\n\n\nRunning time\n4 hours\n\n\nCountry of origin\nUnited States\n\n\nHome station\nPower 105.1\n(New York City)\n\n\nSyndicates\nPremiere Radio Networks\nThe Young Turks\n\n\nTV adaptations\nSimulcast on Revolt\n\n\nStarring\nDJ Envy\nAngela Yee\nCharlamagne Tha God\n\n\nProduced by\nEddie F.\n\n\nOriginal release\n2010 (at WWPR-FM)\nsince 2013 (Syndication) – present\n\n\nOpening theme\nSmells Like Teen Spirit performed by Nirvana\n\n\nWebsite\nThe Breakfast Club Official Website\n\n'] | ['Power 105.1'] |
The Breakfast Club
Genre
Talk, Hip hop, Politics
Running time
4 hours
Country of origin
United States
Home station
Power 105.1
(New York City)
Syndicates
Premiere Radio Networks
The Young Turks
TV adaptations
Simulcast on Revolt
Starring
DJ Envy
Angela Yee
Charlamagne Tha God
Produced by
Eddie F.
Original release
2010 (at WWPR-FM)
since 2013 (Syndication) – present
Opening theme
Smells Like Teen Spirit performed by Nirvana
Website
The Breakfast Club Official Website
|
[question]: What is the name of the radio show hosted by DJ Envy, Angela Yee, and Charlamagne Tha God?
[answer]: The name of the radio show hosted by DJ Envy, Angela Yee, and Charlamagne Tha God is The Breakfast Club. | What is the name of the radio show hosted by DJ Envy, Angela Yee, and Charlamagne Tha God? | The name of the radio show hosted by DJ Envy, Angela Yee, and Charlamagne Tha God is The Breakfast Club. | 1 | 7.510373 | 20 | 73 | 1 |
3,210 | -2,797,377,700,817,535,000 | First Battle of Bull Run | First battle of Bull Run - wikipedia First battle of Bull Run This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 9 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search First Battle of Bull Run ( Battle of First Manassas ) Part of the American Civil War First Battle of Bull Run . Chromolithograph by Kurz & Allison , 1889 Date July 21 , 1861 ( 1861 - 07 - 21 ) Location Fairfax County and Prince William County , Virginia 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Coordinates : 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Result Confederate victory Belligerents United States ( Union ) Confederate States Commanders and leaders Political leaders : Abraham Lincoln Military commanders : Winfield Scott Irvin McDowell Robert Patterson Political leaders : Jefferson Davis Military commanders : P.G.T. Beauregard Thomas `` Stonewall '' Jackson Joseph E. Johnston Units involved Department of Northeastern Virginia : Army of Northeastern Virginia Department of Pennsylvania : Patterson 's Command ( not engaged ) Army of the Potomac Army of the Shenandoah Strength Army of Northeastern Virginia : 35,732 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Patterson 's Command : 14 -- 18,000 ( not engaged ) 32,000 -- 34,000 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Casualties and losses 2,708 ( 481 killed ; 1,011 wounded ; 1,216 missing ) 1,982 ( 387 killed ; 1,582 wounded ; 13 missing ) Manassas Campaign Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Arlington Mills Vienna , Virginia Hoke 's Run Blackburn 's Ford 1st Bull Run Virginia ( 1861 ) Northeastern Virginia ( 1861 ) The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the Battle of First Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west - southwest of Washington , D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces . Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring an early end to the rebellion . Yielding to political pressure , Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction . McDowell 's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed by his officers and men ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning to attack the Union left flank , found themselves at an initial disadvantage . Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad , and the course of the battle quickly changed . A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute , Thomas J. Jackson , stood its ground , which resulted in Jackson receiving his famous nickname , `` Stonewall '' . The Confederates launched a strong counterattack , and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire , many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout . McDowell 's men frantically ran without order in the direction of Washington , D.C. Both armies were sobered by the fierce fighting and many casualties , and realized that the war was going to be much longer and bloodier than either had anticipated . The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war . Units were committed piecemeal , attacks were frontal , infantry failed to protect exposed artillery , tactical intelligence was nil , and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively . McDowell , with 35,000 men , was only able to commit about 18,000 , and the combined Confederate forces , with about 32,000 men , committed only 18,000 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Military and political situation 1.2 Irvin McDowell 1.3 Intelligence 1.4 McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign 1.5 Prelude to battle 2 Opposing forces 2.1 Union 2.2 Confederate 3 Battle 3.1 Morning phase 3.1. 1 Matthews Hill 3.2 Noon phase 3.2. 1 Henry House Hill 3.3 Union retreat 4 Aftermath 4.1 Brief observations 4.2 Detailed casualties 4.2. 1 Union 4.2. 2 Confederate 4.3 Effect on the Union and subsequent events 4.4 Effect on the Confederacy 4.5 Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War 4.6 `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' 4.7 Confusion between the battle flags 4.8 Conclusions 5 Additional battle maps 5.1 Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour 6 In popular culture 7 Sesquicentennial 8 Battlefield preservation 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Memoirs and primary sources 12 Further reading 13 External links Background ( edit ) Military and political situation ( edit ) Main article : Manassas Campaign Further information : Origins of the American Civil War ; Battle of Fort Sumter ; Western Virginia Campaign ; Border states ( American Civil War ) ; President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers ; Eastern Theater of the American Civil War ; and American Civil War Opposing political leaders Pres . Abraham Lincoln , USA Pres . Jefferson Davis , CSA Northern Virginia Theater in July 1861 Confederate Union Further map details , see : Additional Map 1 and Additional Map 2 . On 15 April 1861 , the day after South Carolina military forces attacked and captured Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor , President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring an insurrection against the laws of the United States . Earlier , South Carolina and seven other Southern states had declared their secession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America . To suppress the rebellion and restore Federal law in the Southern states , Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers with ninety - day enlistments to augment the existing U.S. Army of about 15,000 . He later accepted an additional 40,000 volunteers with three - year enlistments and increased the strength of the U.S. Army to almost 20,000 . Lincoln 's actions caused four more Southern states , including Virginia , to secede and join the Confederacy , and by 1 June the Confederate capital had been moved from Montgomery , Alabama , to Richmond , Virginia . In Washington , D.C. , as thousands of volunteers rushed to defend the capital , General in Chief Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott laid out his strategy to subdue the rebellious states . He proposed that an army of 80,000 men be organized and sail down the Mississippi River and capture New Orleans . While the Army `` strangled '' the Confederacy in the west , the U.S. Navy would blockade Southern ports along the eastern and Gulf coasts . The press ridiculed what they dubbed as Scott 's `` Anaconda Plan '' . Instead , many believed the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond , only one hundred miles south of Washington , would quickly end the war . By July 1861 thousands of volunteers were camped in and around Washington . Since General Scott was seventy - five years old and physically unable to lead this force , the administration searched for a more suitable field commander . Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott , General in Chief , USA Cartoon map illustrating Gen. Winfield Scott 's plan to crush the Confederacy , economically . It is sometimes called the `` Anaconda plan '' . Irvin McDowell ( edit ) Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase championed fellow Ohioan , 42 - year - old Maj . Irvin McDowell . Although McDowell was a West Point graduate , his command experience was limited . In fact , he had spent most of his career engaged in various staff duties in the Adjutant General 's Office . While stationed in Washington he had become acquainted with Chase , a former Ohio governor and senator . Now , through Chase 's influence , McDowell was promoted three grades to brigadier general in the Regular Army and on 27 May was assigned command ( by President Abraham Lincoln ) of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , which included the military forces in and around Washington ( Army of Northeastern Virginia ) . McDowell immediately began organizing what became known as the Army of Northeastern Virginia , 35,000 men arranged in five divisions . Under public and political pressure to begin offensive operations , McDowell was given very little time to train the newly inducted troops . Units were instructed in the maneuvering of regiments , but they received little or no training at the brigade or division level . He was reassured by President Lincoln , `` You are green , it is true , but they are green also ; you are all green alike . '' Against his better judgment , McDowell commenced campaigning . Intelligence ( edit ) During the previous year , U.S. Army captain Thomas Jordan set up a pro-Southern spy network in Washington City , including Rose O'Neal Greenhow , a prominent socialite with a wide range of contacts . He provided her with a code for messages . After he left to join the Confederate Army , he gave her control of his network but continued to receive reports from her . On July 9 and 16 , 1861 , Greenhow passed secret messages to Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard containing critical information regarding military movements for what would be the First Battle of Bull Run , including the plans of Union general McDowell . McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign ( edit ) On July 16 , 1861 , McDowell departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent , about 35,000 men ( 28,452 effectives ) . McDowell 's plan was to move westward in three columns and make a diversionary attack on the Confederate line at Bull Run with two columns , while the third column moved around the Confederates ' right flank to the south , cutting the railroad to Richmond and threatening the rear of the Confederate army . He assumed that the Confederates would be forced to abandon Manassas Junction and fall back to the Rappahannock River , the next defensible line in Virginia , which would relieve some of the pressure on the U.S. capital . McDowell had hoped to have his army at Centreville by 17 July , but the troops , unaccustomed to marching , moved in starts and stops . Along the route soldiers often broke ranks to wander off to pick apples or blackberries or to get water , regardless of the orders of their officers to remain in ranks . The Confederate Army of the Potomac ( 21,883 effectives ) under Beauregard was encamped near Manassas Junction , approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) from the United States capital . McDowell planned to attack this numerically inferior enemy army . Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson 's 18,000 men engaged Johnston 's force ( the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives , augmented by Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes 's brigade of 1,465 ) in the Shenandoah Valley , preventing them from reinforcing Beauregard . Movements July 16 -- 21 , 1861 Situation July 18 Battlefield of Manassas After two days of marching slowly in the sweltering heat , the Union army was allowed to rest in Centreville . McDowell reduced the size of his army to approximately 31,000 by dispatching Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon with 5,000 troops to protect the army 's rear . In the meantime , McDowell searched for a way to outflank Beauregard , who had drawn up his lines along Bull Run . On July 18 , the Union commander sent a division under Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler to pass on the Confederate right ( southeast ) flank. Tyler was drawn into a skirmish at Blackburn 's Ford over Bull Run and made no headway . Also on the morning of 18 July Johnston had received a telegram suggesting he go to Beauregard 's assistance if possible . Johnston marched out of Winchester about noon , while Stuart 's cavalry screened the movement from Patterson . Patterson was completely deceived . One hour after Johnston 's departure Patterson telegraphed Washington , `` I have succeeded , in accordance with the wishes of the General - in - Chief , in keeping General Johnston 's force at Winchester . '' For the maneuver to be successful McDowell felt he needed to act quickly . He had already begun to hear rumors that Johnston had slipped out of the valley and was headed for Manassas Junction . If the rumors were true , McDowell might soon be facing 34,000 Confederates , instead of 22,000 . Another reason for quick action was McDowell 's concern that the ninety - day enlistments of many of his regiments were about to expire . `` In a few days I will lose many thousands of the best of this force '' , he wrote Washington on the eve of battle . In fact , the next morning two units of McDowell 's command , their enlistments expiring that day , would turn a deaf ear to McDowell 's appeal to stay a few days longer . Instead , to the sounds of battle , they would march back to Washington to be mustered out of service . Becoming more frustrated , McDowell resolved to attack the Confederate left ( northwest ) flank instead . He planned to attack with Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler 's division at the Stone Bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike and send the divisions of Brig . Gens . David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman over Sudley Springs Ford . From here , these divisions could march into the Confederate rear . The brigade of Col. Israel B. Richardson ( Tyler 's Division ) would harass the enemy at Blackburn 's Ford , preventing them from thwarting the main attack . Patterson would tie down Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley so that reinforcements could not reach the area . Although McDowell had arrived at a theoretically sound plan , it had a number of flaws : it was one that required synchronized execution of troop movements and attacks , skills that had not been developed in the nascent army ; it relied on actions by Patterson that he had already failed to take ; finally , McDowell had delayed long enough that Johnston 's Valley force was able to board trains at Piedmont Station and rush to Manassas Junction to reinforce Beauregard 's men . Prelude to battle ( edit ) On July 19 -- 20 , significant reinforcements bolstered the Confederate lines behind Bull Run . Johnston arrived with all of his army , except for the troops of Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith , who were still in transit . Most of the new arrivals were posted in the vicinity of Blackburn 's Ford , and Beauregard 's plan was to attack from there to the north toward Centreville . Johnston , the senior officer , approved the plan . If both of the armies had been able to execute their plans simultaneously , it would have resulted in a mutual counterclockwise movement as they attacked each other 's left flank . McDowell was getting contradictory information from his intelligence agents , so he called for the balloon Enterprise , which was being demonstrated by Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe in Washington , to perform aerial reconnaissance . Opposing forces ( edit ) Union ( edit ) Further information : Union order of battle Key Union commanders Brig. Gen . Irvin McDowell , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( Commanding ) , USA Brig. Gen . Daniel Tyler , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 1st Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . David Hunter , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 2nd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Samuel P. Heintzelman , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 3rd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Theodore Runyon , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 4th Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Dixon S. Miles , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 5th Div . ) USA Maj. Gen . Robert Patterson , Patterson 's Command , USA McDowell 's Army of Northeastern Virginia was organized into five infantry divisions of three to five brigades each . Each brigade contained three to five infantry regiments . An artillery battery was generally assigned to each brigade . The total number of Union troops present at the Battle of First Bull Run was about 35,000 , although only about 18,000 were actually engaged . The Union army was organized as follows : 1st Division of Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler the largest in the army , contained four brigades , led by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck , Col. Erasmus Keyes , Col. William T. Sherman , and Col. Israel B. Richardson ; 2nd Division of Col. David Hunter of two brigades . These were led by Cols . Andrew Porter and Ambrose E. Burnside ; 3rd Division of Col. Samuel P. Heintzelman included 3 brigades , led by Cols . William B. Franklin , Orlando B. Willcox , and Oliver O. Howard ; 4th Division of Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon without brigade organization and not engaged , contained seven regiments of New Jersey and one regiment of New York volunteer infantries ; 5th Division of Col. Dixon S. Miles included 2 brigades , commanded by Cols . Louis Blenker and Thomas A. Davies ; While McDowell organized the Army of Northeastern Virginia , a smaller Union command was organized and stationed northwest of Washington , near Harper 's Ferry . Commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson , 18,000 men of the Department of Pennsylvania protected against a Confederate incursion from the Shenandoah Valley . Abstract from the returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Commands Present For duty Total Aggregate Officers Men General staff 19 21 First ( Tyler 's ) Division 569 12,226 9,494 9,936 Second ( Hunter 's ) Division 121 2,364 2,525 2,648 Third ( Heintzelman 's ) Division 382 8,680 9,385 9,777 Fourth ( Runyon 's ) Division 247 5,201 5,502 5,752 Fifth ( Miles ' ) Division 289 5,884 5,917 6,207 Twenty - first New York Volunteers 37 684 707 745 Twenty - fifth New York Militia 39 519 534 573 Second United States Cavalry , Company E 56 63 73 Total 1,707 35,614 34,127 35,732 Abstract from return of the Department of Pennsylvania , commanded by Major - General Patterson , June 28 , 1861 . PATTERSON 'S COMMAND Commanding officer Troops Present for duty Infantry Cavalry Artillery Officers Men Officers Men Officers Men Bvt . Maj. Gen. Geo . Cadwalader First division 322 6,637 11 307 7 251 Maj. Gen. W.H. Keim Second division 322 6,410 74 Total 644 13,047 14 381 7 251 Aggregate present for duty Infantry 13,691 Cavalry 395 Artillery 258 Total 14,344 Confederate ( edit ) Further information : Confederate order of battle Key Confederate commanders Brig. Gen . P.G.T. Beauregard , CSA Army of the Potomac Brig. Gen . Joseph E. Johnston , CSA Army of the Shenandoah , ( Commanding ) Joseph E. Johnston 's forces was organized as follows : The Army of the Potomac ( Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard ) was organized into six infantry brigades , with each brigade containing three to six infantry regiments . Artillery batteries were assigned to various infantry brigades . The total number of troops in the Confederate Army of the Potomac was approximately 22,000 . Beauregard 's army also contained thirty - nine pieces of field artillery and a regiment of Virginia cavalry . The Army of the Potomac was organized into seven infantry brigades . These were : 1st Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Milledge Luke Bonham ; 2nd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell ; 3rd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. David R. Jones ; 4th Brigade , under Brig. Gen. James Longstreet ; 5th Brigade , under Col. Philip St. George Cocke ; 6th Brigade , under Col. Jubal Early ; 7th Brigade , under Col. Nathan G. Evans . The Army of the Shenandoah ( Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston ) was also organized into brigades . It consisted of four brigades of three to five infantry regiments each , which totaled approximately 12,000 men . Each brigade was assigned one artillery battery . In addition to the infantry , there were twenty pieces of artillery and about 300 Virginia cavalrymen under Col. J.E.B. Stuart . Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000 , only about 18,000 were actually engaged at First Bull Run . The Army of the Shenandoah consisted of four infantry brigades : 1st Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson ; 2nd Brigade , commanded by Col. Francis S. Bartow ; 3rd Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Barnard E. Bee ; 4th Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith . Abstract front field return , First Corps ( Army of the Potomac ) , July 21 , 1861 . ( Dated September 25 , 1861 . ) ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Commands . General and Staff Officers Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers Men . Officers Men . Officers Men . First Brigade 211 4,070 Second Brigade 133 2,307 Third Brigade 128 1,989 Fourth Brigade 160 2,364 Fifth Brigade 208 8,065 Sixth Brigade 261 2,356 Seventh Louisiana 44 773 Eighth Louisiana 43 803 Hampton Legion 27 627 Thirteenth Virginia 34 642 Harrison 's Battalion ( three companies ) 13 196 Troops ( ten ) of cavalry 38 545 Washington ( Louisiana ) Artillery 19 201 Kemper 's battery 76 Latham 's battery 86 Loudoun Battery 55 Shield 's battery 82 Camp Pickens ( heavy artillery ) 18 275 Total 22 1,215 18,354 85 1,383 51 775 Aggregates : Infantry 19,569 Cavalry 1,468 Artillery 826 21,863 Abstract from monthly report of Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston 's division , or Army of the Shenandoah ( C.S.A. ) , for June 30 , 1861 . ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH Commanding officer . Troops . PRESENT FOR DUTY . Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Colonel Jackson First brigade 128 2,043 81 Col. F.S. Bartow Second brigade 155 2,391 59 Brigadier - General Bee Third brigade 161 2,629 78 Col. A. Elzey Fourth brigade 156 2,106 45 Col. J.E.B. Stuart First Virginia Cavalry 21 313 Col. A.C. Cummings Virginia Volunteers 14 227 Total 614 9,396 21 313 15 263 Aggregate present for duty . General staff 32 Infantry 10,010 Cavalry 334 Artillery 278 10,654 Battle ( edit ) Morning phase ( edit ) Matthews Hill ( edit ) Situation morning , July 21 Situation at 05 : 30 -- 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) On the morning of July 21 , 1861 , McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ( about 12,000 men ) from Centreville at 2 : 30 a.m. , marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs . Tyler 's division ( about 8,000 ) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge . The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems . Tyler 's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike . The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate , little more than a cart path in some places , and did not begin fording Bull Run until 9 : 30 a.m. Tyler 's men reached the Stone Bridge around 6 a.m. At 5 : 15 a.m. , Richardson 's brigade fired a few artillery rounds across Mitchell 's Ford on the Confederate right , some of which hit Beauregard 's headquarters in the Wilmer McLean house as he was eating breakfast , alerting him to the fact that his offensive battle plan had been preempted . Nevertheless , he ordered demonstration attacks north toward the Union left at Centreville . Bungled orders and poor communications prevented their execution . Although he intended for Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell to lead the attack , Ewell , at Union Mills Ford , was simply ordered to `` hold ... in readiness to advance at a moment 's notice '' . Brig. Gen. D.R. Jones was supposed to attack in support of Ewell , but found himself moving forward alone . Holmes was also supposed to support , but received no orders at all . U.S. cavalry at Sudley Spring Ford An 1862 illustration of a Confederate officer forcing slaves to fire a cannon at U.S. forces at gunpoint . According to John Parker , a former slave , he was forced by his Confederate captors to fire a cannon at U.S. soldiers at the Battle of Bull Run . All that stood in the path of the 20,000 Union soldiers converging on the Confederate left flank were Col. Nathan `` Shanks '' Evans and his reduced brigade of 1,100 men . Evans had moved some of his men to intercept the direct threat from Tyler at the bridge , but he began to suspect that the weak attacks from the Union brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck were merely feints . He was informed of the main Union flanking movement through Sudley Springs by Captain Edward Porter Alexander , Beauregard 's signal officer , observing from 8 miles ( 13 km ) southwest on Signal Hill . In the first use of wig - wag semaphore signaling in combat , Alexander sent the message `` Look out for your left , your position is turned . '' Evans hastily led 900 of his men from their position fronting the Stone Bridge to a new location on the slopes of Matthews Hill , a low rise to the northwest of his previous position . The Confederate delaying action on Matthews Hill included a spoiling attack launched by Major Roberdeau Wheat 's 1st Louisiana Special Battalion , `` Wheat 's Tigers '' . After Wheat 's command was thrown back , and Wheat seriously wounded , Evans received reinforcement from two other brigades under Brig. Gen. Barnard Bee and Col. Francis S. Bartow , bringing the force on the flank to 2,800 men . They successfully slowed Hunter 's lead brigade ( Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside ) in its attempts to ford Bull Run and advance across Young 's Branch , at the northern end of Henry House Hill . One of Tyler 's brigade commanders , Col. William Tecumseh Sherman , crossed at an unguarded ford and struck the right flank of the Confederate defenders . This surprise attack , coupled with pressure from Burnside and Maj . George Sykes , collapsed the Confederate line shortly after 11 : 30 a.m. , sending them in a disorderly retreat to Henry House Hill . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 4 , Additional Map 5 , Additional Map 6 and Additional Map 7 . ) Noon phase ( edit ) Henry House Hill ( edit ) As they retreated from their Matthews Hill position , the remainder of Evans 's , Bee 's , and Bartow 's commands received some cover from Capt . John D. Imboden and his battery of four 6 - pounder guns , who held off the Union advance while the Confederates attempted to regroup on Henry House Hill . They were met by generals Johnston and Beauregard , who had just arrived from Johnston 's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm , `` Portici '' . Fortunately for the Confederates , McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately , choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts . James B. Ricketts ( Battery I , 1st U.S. Artillery ) and Charles Griffin ( Battery D , 5th U.S. ) from Dogan 's Ridge . Attacks on Henry House Hill , noon -- 2 p.m Union retreat , after 4 p.m. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson 's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon , accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton 's Legion , and Col. J.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry . Jackson posted his five regiments on the reverse slope of the hill , where they were shielded from direct fire , and was able to assemble 13 guns for the defensive line , which he posted on the crest of the hill ; as the guns fired , their recoil moved them down the reverse slope , where they could be safely reloaded . Meanwhile , McDowell ordered the batteries of Ricketts and Griffin to move from Dogan 's Ridge to the hill for close infantry support . Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across 300 yards ( 270 m ) against Jackson 's 13 . Unlike many engagements in the Civil War , here the Confederate artillery had an advantage . The Union pieces were now within range of the Confederate smoothbores and the predominantly rifled pieces on the Union side were not effective weapons at such close ranges , with many shots fired over the head of their targets . Ruins of Judith Henry 's house , `` Spring Hill '' , after the battle Postwar house on site of Judith Henry house in Manassas Judith Henry grave One of the casualties of the artillery fire was Judith Carter Henry , an 85 - year - old widow and invalid , who was unable to leave her bedroom in the Henry House . As Ricketts began receiving rifle fire , he concluded that it was coming from the Henry House and turned his guns on the building . A shell that crashed through the bedroom wall tore off one of the widow 's feet and inflicted multiple injuries , from which she died later that day . `` The Enemy are driving us '' , Bee exclaimed to Jackson . Jackson , a former U.S. Army officer and professor at the Virginia Military Institute , is said to have replied , `` Then , Sir , we will give them the bayonet . '' Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting , `` There is Jackson standing like a stone wall . Let us determine to die here , and we will conquer . Rally behind the Virginians . '' This exclamation was the source for Jackson 's ( and his brigade 's ) nickname , `` Stonewall '' . There is some controversy over Bee 's statement and intent , which could not be clarified because he was mortally wounded almost immediately after speaking and none of his subordinate officers wrote reports of the battle . Major Burnett Rhett , chief of staff to General Johnston , claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson 's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee 's and Bartow 's brigades while they were under heavy pressure . Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee 's statement was meant to be pejorative : `` Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall ! '' Artillery commander Griffin decided to move two of his guns to the southern end of his line , hoping to provide enfilade fire against the Confederates . At approximately 3 p.m. , these guns were overrun by the 33rd Virginia , whose men were outfitted in blue uniforms , causing Griffin 's commander , Maj . William F. Barry , to mistake them for Union troops and to order Griffin not to fire on them . Close range volleys from the 33rd Virginia and Stuart 's cavalry attack against the flank of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Ellsworth 's Fire Zouaves ) , which was supporting the battery , killed many of the gunners and scattered the infantry . Capitalizing on this success , Jackson ordered two regiments to charge Ricketts 's guns and they were captured as well . As additional Federal infantry engaged , the guns changed hands several times . Capture of Ricketts ' Battery , painting by Sidney E. King , National Park Service The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle . Although McDowell had brought 15 regiments into the fight on the hill , outnumbering the Confederates two to one , no more than two were ever engaged simultaneously . Jackson continued to press his attacks , telling soldiers of the 4th Virginia Infantry , `` Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards ! Then fire and give them the bayonet ! And when you charge , yell like furies ! '' For the first time , Union troops heard the disturbing sound of the Rebel yell . At about 4 p.m. , the last Union troops were pushed off Henry House Hill by a charge of two regiments from Col. Philip St. George Cocke 's brigade . To the west , Chinn Ridge had been occupied by Col. Oliver Otis Howard 's brigade from Heintzelman 's division . Also at 4 p.m. , two Confederate brigades - Col. Jubal Early 's , which had moved from the Confederate right , and Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith 's ( commanded by Col. Arnold Elzey after Smith was wounded ) , which had just arrived from the Shenandoah Valley -- crushed Howard 's brigade . Beauregard ordered his entire line forward . At 5 p.m. everywhere McDowell 's army was disintegrating . Thousands , in large and small groups or as individuals , began to leave the battlefield and head for Centreville . McDowell rode around the field trying to rally regiments and groups of soldiers , but most had had enough . Unable to stop the mass exodus , McDowell gave orders for Porter 's Regular infantry battalion , near the intersection of the turnpike and Manassas - Sudley Road , to act as a rear guard as his army withdrew . The unit briefly held the crossroads , then retreated eastward with the rest of the army . McDowell 's force crumbled and began to retreat . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 8 , Additional Map 9 , Additional Map 10 , Additional Map 11 and Additional Map 12 . ) Union retreat ( edit ) The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings , but it was poorly managed by the Union officers . A Union wagon was overturned by artillery fire on a bridge spanning Cub Run Creek and incited panic in McDowell 's force . As the soldiers streamed uncontrollably toward Centreville , discarding their arms and equipment , McDowell ordered Col. Dixon S. Miles 's division to act as a rear guard , but it was impossible to rally the army short of Washington . In the disorder that followed , hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner . Wagons and artillery were abandoned , including the 30 - pounder Parrott rifle , which had opened the battle with such fanfare . Expecting an easy Union victory , the wealthy elite of nearby Washington , including congressmen and their families , had come to picnic and watch the battle . When the Union army was driven back in a running disorder , the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages . Since their combined army had been left highly disorganized as well , Beauregard and Johnston did not fully press their advantage , despite urging from Confederate President Jefferson Davis , who had arrived on the battlefield to see the Union soldiers retreating . An attempt by Johnston to intercept the Union troops from his right flank , using the brigades of Brig . Gens . Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet , was a failure . The two commanders squabbled with each other and when Bonham 's men received some artillery fire from the Union rear guard , and found that Richardson 's brigade blocked the road to Centreville , he called off the pursuit . In Washington President Lincoln and members of the cabinet waited for news of a Union victory . Instead , a telegram arrived stating `` General McDowell 's army in full retreat through Centreville . The day is lost . Save Washington and the remnants of this army . '' The tidings were happier in the Confederate capital . From the battlefield President Davis telegraphed Richmond , `` We have won a glorious but dear - bought victory . Night closed on the enemy in full flight and closely pursued . '' Aftermath ( edit ) Brief observations ( edit ) First Bull Run was a clash between relatively large , ill - trained bodies of recruits , led by inexperienced officers . Neither army commander was able to deploy his forces effectively , only 18,000 men from each side were actually engaged . Although McDowell had been active on the battlefield , he had expended most of his energy maneuvering nearby regiments and brigades , instead of controlling and coordinating the movements of his army as a whole . Other factors contributed to McDowell 's defeat : Patterson 's failure to hold Johnston in the valley ; McDowell 's two - day delay at Centreville ; allowing Tyler 's division to lead the march on 21 July thus delaying the flanking divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ; and the 2 1 / 2 - hour delay after the Union victory on Matthews ' Hill , which allowed the Confederates to bring up reinforcements and establish a defensive position on Henry Hill . On Henry Hill Beauregard had also limited his control to the regimental level , generally allowing the battle to continue on its own and only reacting to Union moves . Johnston 's decision to transport his infantry to the battlefield by rail played a major role in the Confederate victory . Although the trains were slow and a lack of sufficient cars did not allow the transport of large numbers of troops at one time , almost all of his army arrived in time to participate in the battle . After reaching Manassas Junction , Johnston had relinquished command of the battlefield to Beauregard , but his forwarding of reinforcements to the scene of fighting was decisive . Detailed casualties ( edit ) Bull Run was the largest and bloodiest battle in United States history up to that point . Union casualties were 460 killed , 1,124 wounded , and 1,312 missing or captured ; Confederate casualties were 387 killed , 1,582 wounded , and 13 missing . Among the Union dead was Col. James Cameron , brother of President Lincoln 's first Secretary of War , Simon Cameron . Among the Confederate casualties was Col. Francis S. Bartow , who was the first Confederate brigade commander to be killed in the Civil War . General Bee was mortally wounded and died the following day . Compared to later battles , casualties at First Bull Run had not been especially heavy . Both Union and Confederate killed , wounded , and missing were a little over one thousand seven hundred each . Union ( edit ) Union casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Troops Killed Wounded Missing Remarks Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men General staff First Division , General TYLER : First Brigade , Colonel Keyes 19 46 5 149 Eighteen others slightly wounded . Second Brigade , General Schenck 16 15 15 Third Brigade , Colonel Sherman 117 15 193 13 240 Fourth Brigade , Colonel Richardson Not engaged . Guarding Blackburn 's Ford . Total , First Division 6 152 19 254 19 404 Second Division , Colonel HUNTER : First Brigade , Colonel Porter 83 9 139 9 236 Four surgeons missing . Second Brigade , Colonel Burnside 5 35 85 59 Five surgeons missing . Total Second Division 6 118 12 224 11 295 Third Division , Colonel HEINTZELMAN : Division headquarters . First Brigade , Colonel Franklin 68 13 183 22 Second Brigade , Colonel Willcox 70 11 161 186 Third Brigade , Colonel Howard 48 7 108 6 174 Total , Third Division 6 186 32 452 10 382 Fourth Division , General RUNYON In reserve on the Potomac . Fifth Division , Colonel MILES : First Brigade Colonel Blenker 6 16 94 Second Brigade , Colonel Davies Total , Fifth Division 6 17 95 Grand total 19 462 64 947 40 1,176 Union artillery lost in the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Batteries Commanders Guns lost Remarks Rifled Smooth Total First U.S. Artillery , Company G ( two 20 - pounder Parrotts , one 30 - pounder Parrott ) . Lieutenant Edwards 20 - pounders saved First U.S. Artillery , Company I ( six 10 - pounder Parrots ) Captain Ricketts 6 6 None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company D Captain Arnold None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company E ( two 13 - pounder James , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Carlisle Two 6 - pounders saved Fifth S. Artillery ( Company D ) , ( two 10 - pounder Parrotts , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Griffin 5 One 10 - pounder saved Rhode Island Battery ( six 13 - pounder James ) 5 5 One saved Total lost 17 8 25 Confederate ( edit ) Confederate casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Command Killed Wounded Missing Aggregate Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men ARMY OF THE POTOMAC INFANTRY First Louisiana ( battalion ) 8 5 33 48 Seventh Louisiana 23 26 Thirteenth Mississippi 6 6 Seventeenth Mississippi 9 11 Eighteenth Mississippi 6 28 38 Fifth North Carolina Second South Carolina 5 6 37 48 Fourth South Carolina 10 9 70 6 96 Fifth South Carolina 23 26 Eighth South Carolina 5 20 28 Hampton Legion 19 100 121 First Virginia 6 6 Seventh Virginia 9 37 47 Eighth Virginia 6 23 30 Seventeenth Virginia Eighteenth Virginia 6 12 19 Nineteenth Virginia 6 Twenty - eighth Virginia 9 9 Forty - ninth Virginia 9 29 40 ARTILLERY Alexandria Light Artillery Latham 's Loudoun Washington ( La . ) CAVALRY Thirtieth Virginia 9 Hanover ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH INFANTRY Fourth Alabama 36 6 151 Seventh Georgia 18 12 122 Eighth Georgia 38 6 153 First Maryland 5 Second Mississippi 21 79 Eleventh Mississippi 7 21 Sixth North Carolina 22 46 Third Tennessee Second Virginia 15 69 Fourth Virginia 30 100 Fifth Virginia 6 47 Tenth Virginia 6 10 Twenty - seventh Virginia 18 122 Thirty - third Virginia 44 101 Total First Corps 6 99 29 490 12 632 Total Second Corps 19 263 34 1,029 Grand total 25 362 63 1,519 12 632 Today will be known as BLACK MONDAY . We are utterly and disgracefully routed , beaten , whipped by secessionists . Union diarist George Templeton Strong If the war had turned out to be of short duration , Bull Run would have been a disaster for the Union . But if , as now seemed more plausible , a long and nasty war was inevitable , that battle had a curiously salutary effect for the Union side . It provided a wake - up call for those optimists -- like Seward or even Lincoln -- who had hoped for or counted on a quick result . David Detzer , Donnybrook Bull Run was a turning point in the American Civil War ... in the sense that the battle struck with impelling force upon public opinion at home and abroad , upon Congress , and upon the Commander - in - chief . It framed new patterns of thought and led to far - reaching changes in the conduct of the war . The failure at Bull Run inspired a second Northern rising . Volunteering accelerated , 90 - day men reenlisted , states rushed fresh regiments forward in plenitude ... As they realized victory would not come readily , a new mood fastened upon Northerners . An iron resolve entered the Northern soul ... James A. Rawley , Turning Points of the Civil War Effect on the Union and subsequent events ( edit ) Union forces and civilians alike feared that Confederate forces would advance on Washington , D.C. , with very little standing in their way . On July 24 , Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe ascended in the balloon Enterprise to observe the Confederates moving in and about Manassas Junction and Fairfax . He saw no evidence of massing Confederate forces , but was forced to land in Confederate territory . It was overnight before he was rescued and could report to headquarters . He reported that his observations `` restored confidence '' to the Union commanders . The Northern public was shocked at the unexpected defeat of their army when an easy victory had been widely anticipated . Both sides quickly came to realize the war would be longer and more brutal than they had imagined . On July 22 President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service . On July 25 , eleven thousand Pennsylvanians who had earlier been rejected by the U.S. Secretary of War , Simon Cameron , for federal service in either Patterson 's or McDowell 's command arrived in Washington , D.C. , and were finally accepted . Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia . The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs . Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army . Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service . The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame . On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who was named general - in - chief of all the Union armies . McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Effect on the Confederacy ( edit ) The reaction in the Confederacy was more muted . There was little public celebration as the Southerners realized that despite their victory , the greater battles that would inevitably come would mean greater losses for their side as well . Once the euphoria of victory had worn off , Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers . Beauregard was considered the Confederate hero of the battle and was promoted that day by C.S. President Davis to full general in the Confederate army . Stonewall Jackson , arguably the most important tactical contributor to the victory , received no special recognition , but would later achieve glory for his 1862 Valley Campaign . Privately , Davis credited Greenhow with ensuring Confederate victory . Jordan sent a telegram to Greenhow : `` Our President and our General direct me to thank you . We rely upon you for further information . The Confederacy owes you a debt . ( Signed ) JORDAN , Adjutant - General . '' The battle also had long - term psychological consequences . The decisive victory led to a degree of over-confidence on the part of Confederate forces , while prompting a determined organizational effort on the part of the Union . In hindsight commentators on both sides agreed that the one - sided outcome `` proved the greatest misfortune that would have befallen the Confederacy '' . Although modern historians generally agree with this interpretation , James M. McPherson has argued that the esprit de corps attained by Confederate troops on the heels of their victory , together with a new sense of insecurity felt by northern commanders , also gave the Confederacy a military edge in the following months . Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War ( edit ) Further information : Turning point of the American Civil War § Confederate victory in First Battle of Bull Run ( July 1861 ) `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' ( edit ) The name of the battle has caused controversy since 1861 . The Union Army frequently named battles after significant rivers and creeks that played a role in the fighting ; the Confederates generally used the names of nearby towns or farms . The U.S. National Park Service uses the Confederate name for its national battlefield park , but the Union name ( Bull Run ) also has widespread currency in popular literature . Confusion between the battle flags ( edit ) Battlefield confusion between the battle flags , especially the similarity of the Confederacy 's `` Stars and Bars '' and the Union 's `` Stars and Stripes '' when fluttering , led to the adoption of the Confederate Battle Flag , which eventually became the most popular symbol of the Confederacy and the South in general . Conclusions ( edit ) First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle , and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict . The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men . One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run , now combat veterans , would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield at the Second Battle of Bull Run / Manassas . Additional battle maps ( edit ) Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour ( edit ) Map 1 : Situation Mid-July 1861 Map 2 : Beauregard 's defensive situation ( Mid-July 1861 ) Map 3 : Situation at 05 : 30 - 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 4 : Situation at 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 5 : Situation at 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 6 : Situation at 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 7 : Situation at 13 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 8 : Situation at 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 9 : Situation at 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 10 : Situation at 15 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 11 : Situation at 16 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 12 : Situation at 16 : 30 - 17 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) In popular culture ( edit ) The First Battle of Bull Run is mentioned in the novel Gods and Generals , but is depicted more fully in its film adaptation . The battle forms the climax of the film Class of ' 61 . It also appears in the first episode of the second season of the mini-series North and South , in the second episode of the first season of the mini-series How the West Was Won and in the first episode of the mini-series The Blue and the Gray . Manassas ( 1999 ) is the first volume in the James Reasoner Civil War Series of historical novels . The battle is described in Rebel ( 1993 ) , the first volume of Bernard Cornwell 's The Starbuck Chronicles series of historical novels . The battle is described from the viewpoint of a Union infantryman in Upton Sinclair 's novella Manassas , which also depicts the political turmoil leading up to the Civil War . The battle is also depicted in John Jakes 's The Titans , the fifth novel in The Kent Family Chronicles , a series that explores the fictional Confederate cavalry officer Gideon Kent . The battle is the subject of the Johnny Horton song , `` Battle of Bull Run '' . Shaman , second in the Cole family trilogy by Noah Gordon , includes an account of the battle . The battle is also depicted in the song `` Yankee Bayonet '' by indie - folk band The Decemberists . In Murder at 1600 , Detective Harlan Regis ( Wesley Snipes ) has built a plan - relief of the battle which plays a certain role in the plot . Sesquicentennial ( edit ) The National Jubilee of Peace building at Grant and Lee avenues in Manassas , Virginia , is draped with the U.S. flag for the 150th anniversary commemoration , held on July 21 , 2011 , of the First Battle of Bull Run . Prince William County staged special events commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War through 2011 . Manassas was named the No. 1 tourist destination in the United States for 2011 by the American Bus Association for its efforts in highlighting the historical impact of the Civil War . The cornerstone of the commemoration event featured a reenactment of the battle on July 23 -- 24 , 2011 . Throughout the year , there were tours of the Manassas battlefield and other battlefields in the county and a number of related events and activities . The City of Manassas commemorated the 150th anniversary of the battle July 21 -- 24 , 2011 . Battlefield preservation ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Manassas National Battlefield Park U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic district U.S. National Battlefield Park Stonewall Jackson 's cannons on Henry House Hill Location Prince William County , Virginia Nearest city Gainesville , Virginia Coordinates 38 ° 48 ′ 46 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 18 '' W / 38.81278 ° N 77.52167 ° W / 38.81278 ; - 77.52167 Area 5,073 acres ( 20.53 km ) NRHP reference # 66000039 Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park . Located north of Manassas , in Prince William County , Virginia , it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles : the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21 , 1861 , and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30 , 1862 ( also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas , respectively ) . The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North ( Union ) and the South ( Confederacy ) , and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname `` Stonewall . '' Today the National Battlefield Park provides the opportunity for visitors to explore the historic terrain where men fought and died more than a century ago . More than 900,000 people visit the battlefield each year . ( In comparison , roughly 15 million people annually visit nearby Washington , DC . ) As a historic area under the National Park Service , the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . See also ( edit ) American Civil War portal Second Battle of Bull Run Armies in the American Civil War Troop engagements of the American Civil War , 1861 List of costliest American Civil War land battles Origins of the American Civil War Battle of Fort Sumter Manassas Campaign Manassas National Battlefield Park Bull Run Mountains Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : National Park Service . Jump up ^ National Park Service Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 314 -- 315 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 469 -- 470 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Abtract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 309 ) . ^ Jump up to : Strength figures vary by source . Eicher , p. 87 - 88 : 35,000 Union , 32,000 Confederate ; Esposito , map 19 : 35,000 Union , 29,000 Confederate ; Ballard , 35,000 Union ( 18,000 engaged ) , 34,000 Confederate ( 18,000 engaged ) ; Salmon , p. 20 : 28,450 Union , 32,230 Confederate ; Kennedy , p. 14 : 35,000 Union , 33,000 Confederate ; Livermore , p. 77 : 28,452 Union `` effectives '' , 32,323 Confederate engaged . Writing in The Century Magazine , adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,572 Union men ( including stragglers not on the field ) and 24 guns engaged , Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 and pages 568 -- 569 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 327 ) . Jump up ^ 2,896 ( 460 killed ; 1,124 wounded ; 1,312 captured / missing ) , according to Eicher , p. 99 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties in the Army of the Potomac ( Confederate ) July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 570 ) . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page V ( Preface ) . Jump up ^ Ballard , 3 . Jump up ^ Ballard , 4 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 4 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 77 ; Williams , p. 21 ; McPherson , p. 336 ; Davis , p. 110 , attributes the remark to general - in - chief Winfield Scott . ^ Jump up to : Fishel , Edwin C. , The Secret War For The Union : The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War , Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1996 , pp. 59 -- 63 ^ Jump up to : `` Greenhow , Rose O'Neal '' , ( 1817 -- 1864 ) , The National Archives -- People Description. 1817 -- 1864 , ( accessed February 5 , 2013 ) Jump up ^ `` Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow '' , National Archives and Records Administration , World Digital Library Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 110 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 8 . ^ Jump up to : Livermore , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 9 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 10 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 91 -- 100 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 . Jump up ^ Beatie , pp. 285 -- 88 ; Esposito , text for Map 21 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 94 ; Esposito , Map 22 . Jump up ^ Masur , Kate ( July 27 , 2011 ) . `` Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run '' . The New York Times . New York : The New York Times Company . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hall , Andy ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Memory : Frederick Douglass ' Black Confederate '' . Dead Confederates : A Civil War Blog . WordPress . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2016 . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Brown , pp. 43 -- 45 ; Alexander , pp. 50 -- 51 . Alexander recalls that the signal was `` You are flanked . '' Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 312 -- 13 ; Rafuse , A Single Grand Victory `` , p. 131 ; Esposito , Map 22 ; Eicher , pp. 94 -- 95 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 95 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 313 ; Eicher , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Salmon , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 314 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 357 ; Davis , pp. 204 -- 05 . Jump up ^ Robertson , p. 264 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 82 ; Robertson , p. 264 . McPherson , p. 342 , reports the quotation after `` stone wall '' as being `` Rally around the Virginians ! '' Jump up ^ See , for instance , McPherson , p. 342 . There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all . See Freeman , vol. 1 , pp. 733 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 96 -- 98 ; Esposito , Map 23 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 314 -- 15 ; McPherson , pp. 342 -- 44 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 315 ; Eicher , p. 98 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 32 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 315 -- 16 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 344 ; Eicher , p. 98 ; Esposito , Map 24 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 76 ; Esposito , Map 24 ; Davis , p. 149 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 35 . Jump up ^ Ballard , pages 35 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 434 -- 435 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 383 . ^ Jump up to : Ballard , page 36 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 328 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 488 . Jump up ^ Rawley , pp. 56 -- 57 . Jump up ^ Haydon , pp. 192 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Rawley , p. 58 . Jump up ^ Curtin , Andrew G. ( January 8 , 1862 ) . `` Message of Andrew G. Curtin , Governor of Pennsylvania , to the Legislature , '' . Executive Department : 8 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 100 -- 101 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 492 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Greenhow , Rose O'Neal , My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington , London : Richard Bentley , 1863 , p. 18 , full text online at Documenting the American South , University of North Carolina Jump up ^ James M. McPherson ( 1988 ) . The Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford University Press . p. 347 -- 350 . ISBN 9780199743902 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 346 , n . 7 . McPherson 's popular one - volume history of the war uses the two names interchangeably because he states that `` neither name has any intrinsic superiority over the other . '' Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 342 . Jump up ^ `` Plan a trip and discover your story '' . visitpwc.com . Jump up ^ `` manassascivilwar.org '' . manassascivilwar.org . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2011 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( 2009 - 03 - 13 ) . `` National Register Information System '' . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . Jump up ^ Washington DC GO ! References ( edit ) Alexander , Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy : The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander . Edited by Gary W. Gallagher . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press , 1989 . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4722 - 4 . Ballard , Ted . First Battle of Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide . Washington , DC : United States Army Center of Military History , 2003 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 16 - 068078 - 6 . This article incorporates text from this source , which is in the public domain . Beatie , Russel H. Army of the Potomac : Birth of Command , November 1860 -- September 1861 . New York : Da Capo Press , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81141 - 3 . Brown , J. Willard . The Signal Corps , U.S.A. in the War of the Rebellion . U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association , 1896 . Reprinted 1974 by Arno Press . ISBN 0 - 405 - 06036 - X . Davis , William C. , and the Editors of Time - Life Books . First Blood : Fort Sumter to Bull Run . Alexandria , VA : Time - Life Books , 1983 . ISBN 0 - 8094 - 4704 - 5 . Detzer , David . Donnybrook : The Battle of Bull Run , 1861 . New York : Harcourt , 2004 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 15 - 603143 - 1 . Eicher , David J. The Longest Night : A Military History of the Civil War . New York : Simon & Schuster , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 84944 - 5 . Esposito , Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars . New York : Frederick A. Praeger , 1959 . OCLC 5890637 . The collection of maps ( without explanatory text ) is available online at the West Point website . Praeger , 1959 . Freeman , Douglas S. Lee 's Lieutenants : A Study in Command . 3 vols . New York : Scribner , 1946 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 85979 - 3 . Haydon , F. Stansbury . Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 1941 . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6442 - 9 . Livermore , Thomas L. Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America 1861 -- 65 . Reprinted with errata , Dayton , OH : Morninside House , 1986 . ISBN 0 - 527 - 57600 - X . First published in 1901 by Houghton Mifflin . McPherson , James M. Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford History of the United States . New York : Oxford University Press , 1988 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 503863 - 0 . Rafuse , Ethan S. `` First Battle of Bull Run . '' In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War : A Political , Social , and Military History , edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler . New York : W.W. Norton & Company , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 393 - 04758 - X . Rafuse , Ethan S. A Single Grand Victory : The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas . The American Crisis Series . Wilmington , DE : SR Books , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 8420 - 2875 - 7 . Rawley , James A. Turning Points of the Civil War . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press , 1966 . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 8935 - 9 . Robertson , James I. , Jr . Stonewall Jackson : The Man , The Soldier , The Legend . New York : MacMillan Publishing , 1997 . ISBN 0 - 02 - 864685 - 1 . Salmon , John S . The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 8117 - 2868 - 4 . Williams , T. Harry . Lincoln and His Generals . New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1952 . ISBN 0 - 9654382 - 6 - 0 . National Park Service battle description Professor Thaddeus Lowe 's Official Report ( Part I ) Memoirs and primary sources ( edit ) Dyer , Frederick H. , A compendium of the War of the Rebellion , Volume 1 , 1908 , Des Moines IA Longstreet , James . From Manassas to Appomattox : Memoirs of the Civil War in America . New York : Da Capo Press , 1992 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 80464 - 6 . First published in 1896 by J.B. Lippincott and Co . Robert Underwood Johnson , Clarence Clough Buell , Battles and Leaders of the Civil War : The Opening Battles , Volume 1 ( Pdf ) , New York : The Century Co. , 1887 . U.S. War Department , The War of the Rebellion : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1880 -- 1901 Further reading ( edit ) Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bull Run . Davis , William C. Battle at Bull Run : A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1977 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0867 - 7 . Goldfield , David , et al . The American Journey : A History of the United States . 2nd ed . New York : Prentice Hall , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 13 - 088243 - 7 . Gottfried , Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run : An atlas of the First Bull Run ( Manassas ) Campaign , including the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , June -- October 1861 . El Dorado Hills , CA : Savas Beatie , 2009 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 932714 - 60 - 9 . Hankinson , Alan . First Bull Run 1861 : The South 's First Victory . Osprey Campaign Series # 10 . London : Osprey Publishing , 1991 . ISBN 1 - 85532 - 133 - 5 . Hennessy , John , Ethan Rafuse , and Harry Smeltzer . `` Historians ' Forum : The First Battle of Bull Run . '' Civil War History 57 # 2 ( June 2011 ) : 106 -- 120 . Hines , Blaikie . The Battle of First Bull Run , Manassas Campaign -- July 16 -- 22 , 1861 : An Illustrated Atlas and Battlefield Guide . Maine : American Patriot Press , 2011 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 61364 - 129 - 3 . Longacre , Edward G . The Early Morning of War : Bull Run , 1861 ( 2014 ) . Rable , George . `` The Battlefield and Beyond . '' Civil War History 53 # 3 ( September 2007 ) : 244 -- 51 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to First Battle of Bull Run . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manassas National Battlefield Park . Battle of Bull Run : Battle maps , photos , history articles , and battlefield news ( Civil War Trust ) `` Map of the Battles of Bull Run , 1861 '' , prepared by Army engineer , National Archives and Record Administration , at World Digital Library Manassas National Battlefield Park website First Battle of Manassas : An End to Innocence , a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places ( TwHP ) lesson plan Harper 's Weekly 1861 Report on the Battle of Bull Run Civil War Home website on First Bull Run Animated history of the First Battle of Bull Run FirstBullRun.co.uk The First Battle of Bull Run public domain audiobook at LibriVox First Manassas Campaign with Official Records and Reports Map of the Battles of Bull Run Near Manassas . Solomon Bamberger . Zoomable high - resolution map . Newspaper coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run Manassas Civil War 150th Anniversary July 21 -- 24 , 2011 Texts on Wikisource : Guernsey , Alfred H. ( 1879 ) . `` Bull Run '' . The American Cyclopædia . Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 1861 Campaigns Chesapeake blockade ( May -- Jun ) Western Virginia ( Jun -- Dec ) Manassas ( Jul ) Carolina coast blockade ( Aug ) McClellan 's Operations ( Oct -- Dec ) Potomac blockade ( Oct -- Jan 1862 ) Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run 1862 Campaigns Burnside 's NC Expedition ( Feb -- Jun ) Jackson 's Valley ( Mar -- Jun ) Peninsula ( Mar -- Jul ) Northern Virginia ( Jul - Sep ) Maryland ( Sep ) Fredericksburg ( Nov -- Dec ) Goldsboro Expedition ( Dec ) Major battles Hampton Roads Williamsburg Seven Pines Seven Days Battles Oak Grove Beaver Dam Creek Gaines 's Mill Garnett 's & Golding 's Farm Savage 's Station White Oak Swamp Glendale Malvern Hill 2nd Bull Run Antietam Fredericksburg 1863 Campaigns Tidewater Operations ( Mar -- Apr ) Chancellorsville ( Apr -- May ) Gettysburg ( Jun -- Jul ) Bristoe ( Oct -- Nov ) Mine Run ( Nov -- Dec ) Major battles Chancellorsville Gettysburg 1864 Campaigns Valley Campaigns ( May -- Oct ) : Lynchburg , Early 's B&O Raid , Sheridan 's Campaign Operations Against Plymouth ( Apr -- May ) Bermuda Hundred ( May ) Overland ( May -- Jun ) Petersburg ( Jun -- Mar 1865 ) Major battles Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House North Anna Cold Harbor Trevilian Station 2nd Petersburg Crater 2nd Deep Bottom Globe Tavern 3rd Winchester Chaffin 's Farm Cedar Creek Boydton Plank Road 1865 Campaigns Wilmington ( Dec -- Feb ) Appomattox ( Mar -- Apr ) Major battles 2nd Fort Fisher Bentonville Fort Stedman Five Forks 3rd Petersburg Sailor 's Creek Appomattox Court House Armies James Potomac Virginia Shenandoah Northern Virginia Geography Departments Monongahela Susquehanna Landforms Cumberland Valley Gettysburg - Newark Lowlands Shenandoah Valley Fairfax County in the American Civil War Battles Battle of Blackburn 's Ford Battle of Chantilly Battle of Dranesville Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1863 ) First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Vienna , Virginia Skirmishes Bog Wallow Ambush Raids Burke 's Station Raid Mosby 's Raids Units 8th Virginia Infantry 17th Virginia Infantry 1st Virginia Cavalry 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry Georgia Hussars ( later Jeff Davis Cavalry Legion , Company F ) 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry 3rd Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment 45th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment 16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry First New Jersey Brigade 2nd Vermont Brigade XXII Corps ( Union Army ) Union Army Balloon Corps People Clara Barton Michael Corcoran Antonia Ford Thaddeus Lowe John Quincy Marr John S. Mosby Edwin H. Stoughton Robert H. Anderson Sites Clarens ( Alexandria , Virginia ) Centreville Military Railroad Colvin Run Mill Fort Lyon ( Virginia ) Fort Marcy Park Hope Park Huntley ( plantation ) Fort O'Rourke Oak Hill ( Annandale , Virginia ) Okeley Manor Ossian Hall ( plantation ) Ox Hill Battlefield Park Ravensworth ( plantation ) St. Mary 's Church ( Fairfax Station , Virginia ) Taylor 's Tavern William Gunnell House ( Fairfax , Virginia ) Mason 's Hill Minor 's Hill Munson 's Hill Upton 's Hill Bailey 's Crossroads ( hide ) American Civil War Origins Origins Issues Timeline leading to the War Antebellum era Bleeding Kansas Border states Compromise of 1850 Dred Scott v. Sandford Lincoln - Douglas debates Missouri Compromise Popular sovereignty Secession States ' rights President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers Slavery African Americans Cornerstone Speech Emancipation Proclamation Fugitive slave laws Plantations in the American South Slave Power Slavery in the United States Treatment of slaves in the United States Uncle Tom 's Cabin Abolitionism Susan B. Anthony John Brown Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Elijah Parish Lovejoy J. Sella Martin Lysander Spooner George Luther Stearns Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Combatants Theaters Campaigns Battles States Combatants Union ( USA ) Army Navy Marine Corps Revenue Cutter Service Confederacy ( CSA ) Army Navy Marine Corps Theaters Eastern Western Lower Seaboard Trans - Mississippi Pacific Coast Union naval blockade Major Campaigns Anaconda Plan Blockade runners New Mexico Jackson 's Valley Peninsula Northern Virginia Maryland Stones River Vicksburg Tullahoma Gettysburg Morgan 's Raid Bristoe Knoxville Red River Overland Atlanta Valley 1864 Bermuda Hundred Richmond - Petersburg Franklin -- Nashville Price 's Raid Sherman 's March Carolinas Appomattox Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run Wilson 's Creek Fort Donelson Pea Ridge Hampton Roads Shiloh New Orleans Corinth Seven Pines Seven Days 2nd Bull Run Antietam Perryville Fredericksburg Stones River Chancellorsville Gettysburg Vicksburg Chickamauga Chattanooga Wilderness Spotsylvania Cold Harbor Atlanta Mobile Bay Franklin Nashville Five Forks Involvement ( by state or territory ) AL AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Leaders Confederate Military R.H. Anderson Beauregard Bragg Buchanan Cooper Early Ewell Forrest Gorgas Hill Hood Jackson A.S. Johnston J.E. Johnston Lee Longstreet Morgan Mosby Price Semmes E.K. Smith Stuart Taylor Wheeler Civilian Benjamin Bocock Breckinridge Davis Hunter Mallory Memminger Seddon Stephens Union Military Anderson Buell Burnside Butler Du Pont Farragut Foote Frémont Grant Halleck Hooker Hunt McClellan McDowell Meade Meigs Ord Pope D.D. Porter Rosecrans Scott Sheridan Sherman Thomas Civilian Adams Chase Ericsson Hamlin Lincoln Pinkerton Seward Stanton Stevens Wade Welles Aftermath U.S. Constitution Reconstruction amendments 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Reconstruction Alabama Claims Brooks -- Baxter War Carpetbaggers Colfax Riot of 1873 Eufaula Riot of 1874 Freedmen 's Bureau Freedman 's Savings Bank Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Kirk - Holden War Knights of the White Camelia Ku Klux Klan Memphis Riot of 1866 Meridian Riot of 1871 New Orleans Riot of 1866 Pulaski ( Tennessee ) Riot of 1867 Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction treaties Indian Council at Fort Smith Red Shirts Redeemers Confederate refugees Confederados Scalawags South Carolina riots of 1876 Southern Claims Commission Homestead acts Southern Homestead Act of 1866 Timber Culture Act of 1873 White League post-Reconstruction Commemoration Centennial Civil War Discovery Trail Civil War Roundtables Civil War Trails Program Civil War Trust Confederate History Month Confederate monuments and memorials Removal of public symbols of the Confederacy Historical reenactment Robert E. Lee Day Disenfranchisement Black Codes Jim Crow Lost Cause mythology Modern display of the Confederate flag Sons of Confederate Veterans Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Southern Historical Society United Daughters of the Confederacy Monuments and memorials Union List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Confederate List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials List of memorials to Robert E. Lee List of memorials to Jefferson Davis Annapolis Roger B. Taney Monument Baltimore Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Confederate Women 's Monument Roger B. Taney Monument Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson Monument Durham , North Carolina Robert E. Lee Monument New Orleans Battle of Liberty Place Monument Jefferson Davis Monument General Beauregard Equestrian Statue Robert E. Lee Monument Cemeteries Confederate Memorial Day Ladies ' memorial associations U.S. Memorial Day U.S. national cemeteries Veterans 1913 Gettysburg Reunion Confederate Veteran Grand Army of the Republic Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Old soldiers ' homes Southern Cross of Honor United Confederate Veterans Related topics Related topics Military Arms Campaign Medal Cavalry Confederate Home Guard Confederate railroads Confederate Revolving Cannon Field artillery Medal of Honor recipients Medicine Leadership Naval battles Official Records Partisan rangers POW camps Rations Signal Corps Turning point Union corps badges U.S. Balloon Corps U.S. Home Guard U.S. Military Railroad Political Committee on the Conduct of the War Confederate States Presidential Election of 1861 Confiscation Act of 1861 Confiscation Act of 1862 Copperheads Emancipation Proclamation Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 Hampton Roads Conference National Union Party Radical Republicans Trent Affair Union leagues U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 War Democrats Other topics Bibliography Confederate war finance Confederate States dollar Espionage Confederate Secret Service Great Revival of 1863 Music Naming the war Native Americans Cherokee Choctaw New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 New York City Riot of 1863 Photographers Richmond Riot of 1863 Sexuality Supreme Court cases Tokens U.S. Sanitary Commission Stonewall Jackson Leadership Instructor , Virginia Military Institute Colonel , Virginia Militia Stonewall Brigade Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia Mexican -- American War Siege of Veracruz Battle of Contreras Battle of Chapultepec Battle for Mexico City American Civil War raids and expeditions Great Train Raid of 1861 Romney Expedition American Civil War battles and campaigns First Battle of Manassas Valley Campaign Seven Days Battles Northern Virginia Campaign Maryland Campaign Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Chancellorsville Historic items Winchester Headquarters Stone Mountain Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar Monument Avenue `` Stonewall Jackson 's Way '' CSS Stonewall USS Stonewall USS Stonewall Jackson Related Lee -- Jackson Day Virginia portal Fairfax County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington metropolitan area Baltimore -- Washington metropolitan area Administration Fairfax County Public Schools Fairfax County Board of Supervisors Fairfax County Park Authority Fairfax County Economic Development Authority Fairfax County Public Library Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department Fairfax County Police Department Fairfax County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Fairfax Symphony Orchestra Northern Virginia Chamber of Commerce Landmarks Fairfax County Government Center Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts Inova Fairfax Hospital Mount Vernon Gunston Hall Tysons Corner Center Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park Great Falls Park Steven F. Udvar - Hazy Center Washington and Old Dominion Railway Fort Belvoir Transportation Air Manassas Regional Airport Washington Dulles International Airport Roads Fairfax County Parkway Springfield Interchange Virginia State Route 123 Dulles Toll Road ( VA 267 ) Transit Fairfax Connector Silver Line Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line Fredericksburg Line Culture Battles Battle of Chantilly First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Celebrate Fairfax ! Education George Mason University University of Fairfax Northern Virginia Community College Prince William County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington Metropolitan Area Administration Prince William Board of County Supervisors Prince William County Public Schools Prince William County Department of Parks & Recreation Prince William County Public Library Prince William County Department of Fire and Rescue Prince William County Police Department Prince William County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Prince William Chamber of Commerce Landmarks National Museum of the Marine Corps Marine Corps Base Quantico Hylton Performing Arts Center Manassas National Battlefield Park Jiffy Lube Live Old Dominion Speedway Prince William Forest Park Leesylvania State Park Potomac Mills Transportation OmniRide Washington Dulles International Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Manassas Regional Airport Prince William Parkway Virginia State Route 234 Interstate 66 Interstate 95 U.S. Route 1 Culture Battles First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Dale City 4th of July Parade Education George Mason University Northern Virginia Community College Strayer University University of Northern Virginia Municipalities and communities of Prince William County , Virginia , United States County seat : Manassas Towns Dumfries Haymarket Occoquan Quantico CDPs Buckhall Bull Run Bull Run Mountain Estates Cherry Hill County Center Dale City Gainesville Independent Hill Lake Ridge Linton Hall Loch Lomond Marumsco Montclair Neabsco Nokesville Potomac Mills Quantico Base ‡ Sudley Triangle Woodbridge Yorkshire Unincorporated communities Aden Agnewville Antioch Batestown Bethel Brentsville Bristow Buckland Canova Catharpin Cornwell Featherstone Greenwich Groveton Hickory Ridge Hoadly Joplin Kopp Locust Hill Minnieville Rixlew Southbridge Sudley Springs Thoroughfare Wellington West Gate Footnotes ‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Bull_Run&oldid=804570602 '' Categories : Fairfax County in the American Civil War Manassas Campaign Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Confederate victories of the American Civil War Prince William County in the American Civil War Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries 1861 in the American Civil War 1861 in Virginia July 1861 events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from November 2013 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from July 2017 All articles needing additional references Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 October 2017 , at 21 : 21 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who won the battle of first bull run | ["The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces."] | ['Confederate'] | The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. |
[question]: What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War?
[answer]: The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas. | What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War? | The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas. | 1 | 7.509038 | 24 | 108 | 1 |
23,479 | -7,724,863,083,377,572,000 | First Battle of Bull Run | First battle of Bull Run - wikipedia First battle of Bull Run This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 1 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search First Battle of Bull Run ( Battle of First Manassas ) Part of the American Civil War First Battle of Bull Run . Chromolithograph by Kurz & Allison , 1889 Date July 21 , 1861 ( 1861 - 07 - 21 ) Location Fairfax County and Prince William County , Virginia 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Coordinates : 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Result Confederate victory Belligerents United States ( Union ) Confederate States Commanders and leaders Political leaders : Abraham Lincoln Military commanders : Winfield Scott Irvin McDowell Robert Patterson Political leaders : Jefferson Davis Military commanders : P.G.T. Beauregard Thomas `` Stonewall '' Jackson Joseph E. Johnston Units involved Department of Northeastern Virginia : Army of Northeastern Virginia Department of Pennsylvania : Patterson 's Command ( not engaged ) Army of the Potomac Army of the Shenandoah Strength Army of Northeastern Virginia : 35,732 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Patterson 's Command : 14 -- 18,000 ( not engaged ) 32,000 -- 34,000 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Casualties and losses 2,708 ( 481 killed ; 1,011 wounded ; 1,216 missing ) 1,982 ( 387 killed ; 1,582 wounded ; 13 missing ) Manassas Campaign Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Arlington Mills Vienna , Virginia Hoke 's Run Blackburn 's Ford 1st Bull Run Virginia ( 1861 ) Northeastern Virginia ( 1861 ) The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the Battle of First Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west - southwest of Washington , D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces . Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring an early end to the rebellion . Yielding to political pressure , Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction . McDowell 's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed by his officers and men ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning to attack the Union left flank , found themselves at an initial disadvantage . Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad , and the course of the battle quickly changed . A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute , Thomas J. Jackson , stood its ground , which resulted in Jackson receiving his famous nickname , `` Stonewall '' . The Confederates launched a strong counterattack , and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire , many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout . McDowell 's men frantically ran without order in the direction of Washington , D.C. Both armies were sobered by the fierce fighting and many casualties , and realized that the war was going to be much longer and bloodier than either had anticipated . The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war . Units were committed piecemeal , attacks were frontal , infantry failed to protect exposed artillery , tactical intelligence was nil , and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively . McDowell , with 35,000 men , was only able to commit about 18,000 , and the combined Confederate forces , with about 32,000 men , committed only 18,000 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Military and political situation 1.2 Irvin McDowell 1.3 Intelligence 1.4 McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign 1.5 Prelude to battle 2 Opposing forces 2.1 Union 2.2 Confederate 3 Battle 3.1 Morning phase 3.1. 1 Matthews Hill 3.2 Noon phase 3.2. 1 Henry House Hill 3.3 Union retreat 4 Aftermath 4.1 Brief observations 4.2 Detailed casualties 4.2. 1 Union 4.2. 2 Confederate 4.3 Effect on the Union and subsequent events 4.4 Effect on the Confederacy 4.5 Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War 4.6 `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' 4.7 Confusion between the battle flags 4.8 Conclusions 5 Additional battle maps 5.1 Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour 6 In popular culture 7 Sesquicentennial 8 Battlefield preservation 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Memoirs and primary sources 12 Further reading 13 External links Background ( edit ) Military and political situation ( edit ) Main article : Manassas Campaign Further information : Origins of the American Civil War ; Battle of Fort Sumter ; Western Virginia Campaign ; Border states ( American Civil War ) ; President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers ; Eastern Theater of the American Civil War ; and American Civil War Opposing political leaders Pres . Abraham Lincoln , USA Pres . Jefferson Davis , CSA Northern Virginia Theater in July 1861 Confederate Union Further map details , see : Additional Map 1 and Additional Map 2 . On 15 April 1861 , the day after South Carolina military forces attacked and captured Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor , President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring an insurrection against the laws of the United States . Earlier , South Carolina and seven other Southern states had declared their secession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America . To suppress the rebellion and restore Federal law in the Southern states , Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers with ninety - day enlistments to augment the existing U.S. Army of about 15,000 . He later accepted an additional 40,000 volunteers with three - year enlistments and increased the strength of the U.S. Army to almost 20,000 . Lincoln 's actions caused four more Southern states , including Virginia , to secede and join the Confederacy , and by 1 June the Confederate capital had been moved from Montgomery , Alabama , to Richmond , Virginia . In Washington , D.C. , as thousands of volunteers rushed to defend the capital , General in Chief Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott laid out his strategy to subdue the rebellious states . He proposed that an army of 80,000 men be organized and sail down the Mississippi River and capture New Orleans . While the Army `` strangled '' the Confederacy in the west , the U.S. Navy would blockade Southern ports along the eastern and Gulf coasts . The press ridiculed what they dubbed as Scott 's `` Anaconda Plan '' . Instead , many believed the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond , only one hundred miles south of Washington , would quickly end the war . By July 1861 thousands of volunteers were camped in and around Washington . Since General Scott was seventy - five years old and physically unable to lead this force , the administration searched for a more suitable field commander . Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott , General in Chief , USA Cartoon map illustrating Gen. Winfield Scott 's plan to crush the Confederacy , economically . It is sometimes called the `` Anaconda plan '' . Irvin McDowell ( edit ) Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase championed fellow Ohioan , 42 - year - old Maj . Irvin McDowell . Although McDowell was a West Point graduate , his command experience was limited . In fact , he had spent most of his career engaged in various staff duties in the Adjutant General 's Office . While stationed in Washington he had become acquainted with Chase , a former Ohio governor and senator . Now , through Chase 's influence , McDowell was promoted three grades to brigadier general in the Regular Army and on 27 May was assigned command ( by President Abraham Lincoln ) of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , which included the military forces in and around Washington ( Army of Northeastern Virginia ) . McDowell immediately began organizing what became known as the Army of Northeastern Virginia , 35,000 men arranged in five divisions . Under public and political pressure to begin offensive operations , McDowell was given very little time to train the newly inducted troops . Units were instructed in the maneuvering of regiments , but they received little or no training at the brigade or division level . He was reassured by President Lincoln , `` You are green , it is true , but they are green also ; you are all green alike . '' Against his better judgment , McDowell commenced campaigning . Intelligence ( edit ) During the previous year , U.S. Army captain Thomas Jordan set up a pro-Southern spy network in Washington City , including Rose O'Neal Greenhow , a prominent socialite with a wide range of contacts . He provided her with a code for messages . After he left to join the Confederate Army , he gave her control of his network but continued to receive reports from her . On July 9 and 16 , 1861 , Greenhow passed secret messages to Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard containing critical information regarding military movements for what would be the First Battle of Bull Run , including the plans of Union general McDowell . McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign ( edit ) On July 16 , 1861 , McDowell departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent , about 35,000 men ( 28,452 effectives ) . McDowell 's plan was to move westward in three columns and make a diversionary attack on the Confederate line at Bull Run with two columns , while the third column moved around the Confederates ' right flank to the south , cutting the railroad to Richmond and threatening the rear of the Confederate army . He assumed that the Confederates would be forced to abandon Manassas Junction and fall back to the Rappahannock River , the next defensible line in Virginia , which would relieve some of the pressure on the U.S. capital . McDowell had hoped to have his army at Centreville by 17 July , but the troops , unaccustomed to marching , moved in starts and stops . Along the route soldiers often broke ranks to wander off to pick apples or blackberries or to get water , regardless of the orders of their officers to remain in ranks . The Confederate Army of the Potomac ( 21,883 effectives ) under Beauregard was encamped near Manassas Junction , approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) from the United States capital . McDowell planned to attack this numerically inferior enemy army . Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson 's 18,000 men engaged Johnston 's force ( the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives , augmented by Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes 's brigade of 1,465 ) in the Shenandoah Valley , preventing them from reinforcing Beauregard . Movements July 16 -- 21 , 1861 Situation July 18 Battlefield of Manassas After two days of marching slowly in the sweltering heat , the Union army was allowed to rest in Centreville . McDowell reduced the size of his army to approximately 31,000 by dispatching Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon with 5,000 troops to protect the army 's rear . In the meantime , McDowell searched for a way to outflank Beauregard , who had drawn up his lines along Bull Run . On July 18 , the Union commander sent a division under Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler to pass on the Confederate right ( southeast ) flank. Tyler was drawn into a skirmish at Blackburn 's Ford over Bull Run and made no headway . Also on the morning of 18 July Johnston had received a telegram suggesting he go to Beauregard 's assistance if possible . Johnston marched out of Winchester about noon , while Stuart 's cavalry screened the movement from Patterson . Patterson was completely deceived . One hour after Johnston 's departure Patterson telegraphed Washington , `` I have succeeded , in accordance with the wishes of the General - in - Chief , in keeping General Johnston 's force at Winchester . '' For the maneuver to be successful McDowell felt he needed to act quickly . He had already begun to hear rumors that Johnston had slipped out of the valley and was headed for Manassas Junction . If the rumors were true , McDowell might soon be facing 34,000 Confederates , instead of 22,000 . Another reason for quick action was McDowell 's concern that the ninety - day enlistments of many of his regiments were about to expire . `` In a few days I will lose many thousands of the best of this force '' , he wrote Washington on the eve of battle . In fact , the next morning two units of McDowell 's command , their enlistments expiring that day , would turn a deaf ear to McDowell 's appeal to stay a few days longer . Instead , to the sounds of battle , they would march back to Washington to be mustered out of service . Becoming more frustrated , McDowell resolved to attack the Confederate left ( northwest ) flank instead . He planned to attack with Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler 's division at the Stone Bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike and send the divisions of Brig . Gens . David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman over Sudley Springs Ford . From here , these divisions could march into the Confederate rear . The brigade of Col. Israel B. Richardson ( Tyler 's Division ) would harass the enemy at Blackburn 's Ford , preventing them from thwarting the main attack . Patterson would tie down Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley so that reinforcements could not reach the area . Although McDowell had arrived at a theoretically sound plan , it had a number of flaws : it was one that required synchronized execution of troop movements and attacks , skills that had not been developed in the nascent army ; it relied on actions by Patterson that he had already failed to take ; finally , McDowell had delayed long enough that Johnston 's Valley force was able to board trains at Piedmont Station and rush to Manassas Junction to reinforce Beauregard 's men . Prelude to battle ( edit ) On July 19 -- 20 , significant reinforcements bolstered the Confederate lines behind Bull Run . Johnston arrived with all of his army , except for the troops of Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith , who were still in transit . Most of the new arrivals were posted in the vicinity of Blackburn 's Ford , and Beauregard 's plan was to attack from there to the north toward Centreville . Johnston , the senior officer , approved the plan . If both of the armies had been able to execute their plans simultaneously , it would have resulted in a mutual counterclockwise movement as they attacked each other 's left flank . McDowell was getting contradictory information from his intelligence agents , so he called for the balloon Enterprise , which was being demonstrated by Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe in Washington , to perform aerial reconnaissance . Opposing forces ( edit ) Union ( edit ) Further information : Union order of battle Key Union commanders Brig. Gen . Irvin McDowell , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( Commanding ) , USA Brig. Gen . Daniel Tyler , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 1st Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . David Hunter , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 2nd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Samuel P. Heintzelman , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 3rd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Theodore Runyon , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 4th Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Dixon S. Miles , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 5th Div . ) USA Maj. Gen . Robert Patterson , Patterson 's Command , USA McDowell 's Army of Northeastern Virginia was organized into five infantry divisions of three to five brigades each . Each brigade contained three to five infantry regiments . An artillery battery was generally assigned to each brigade . The total number of Union troops present at the Battle of First Bull Run was about 35,000 , although only about 18,000 were actually engaged . The Union army was organized as follows : 1st Division of Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler the largest in the army , contained four brigades , led by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck , Col. Erasmus Keyes , Col. William T. Sherman , and Col. Israel B. Richardson ; 2nd Division of Col. David Hunter of two brigades . These were led by Cols . Andrew Porter and Ambrose E. Burnside ; 3rd Division of Col. Samuel P. Heintzelman included 3 brigades , led by Cols . William B. Franklin , Orlando B. Willcox , and Oliver O. Howard ; 4th Division of Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon without brigade organization and not engaged , contained seven regiments of New Jersey and one regiment of New York volunteer infantries ; 5th Division of Col. Dixon S. Miles included 2 brigades , commanded by Cols . Louis Blenker and Thomas A. Davies ; While McDowell organized the Army of Northeastern Virginia , a smaller Union command was organized and stationed northwest of Washington , near Harper 's Ferry . Commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson , 18,000 men of the Department of Pennsylvania protected against a Confederate incursion from the Shenandoah Valley . Abstract from the returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Commands Present For duty Total Aggregate Officers Men General staff 19 21 First ( Tyler 's ) Division 569 12,226 9,494 9,936 Second ( Hunter 's ) Division 121 2,364 2,525 2,648 Third ( Heintzelman 's ) Division 382 8,680 9,385 9,777 Fourth ( Runyon 's ) Division 247 5,201 5,502 5,752 Fifth ( Miles ' ) Division 289 5,884 5,917 6,207 Twenty - first New York Volunteers 37 684 707 745 Twenty - fifth New York Militia 39 519 534 573 Second United States Cavalry , Company E 56 63 73 Total 1,707 35,614 34,127 35,732 Abstract from return of the Department of Pennsylvania , commanded by Major - General Patterson , June 28 , 1861 . PATTERSON 'S COMMAND Commanding officer Troops Present for duty Infantry Cavalry Artillery Officers Men Officers Men Officers Men Bvt . Maj. Gen. Geo . Cadwalader First division 322 6,637 11 307 7 251 Maj. Gen. W.H. Keim Second division 322 6,410 74 Total 644 13,047 14 381 7 251 Aggregate present for duty Infantry 13,691 Cavalry 395 Artillery 258 Total 14,344 Confederate ( edit ) Further information : Confederate order of battle Key Confederate commanders Brig. Gen . P.G.T. Beauregard , CSA Army of the Potomac Brig. Gen . Joseph E. Johnston , CSA Army of the Shenandoah , ( Commanding ) Joseph E. Johnston 's forces was organized as follows : The Army of the Potomac ( Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard ) was organized into six infantry brigades , with each brigade containing three to six infantry regiments . Artillery batteries were assigned to various infantry brigades . The total number of troops in the Confederate Army of the Potomac was approximately 22,000 . Beauregard 's army also contained thirty - nine pieces of field artillery and a regiment of Virginia cavalry . The Army of the Potomac was organized into seven infantry brigades . These were : 1st Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Milledge Luke Bonham ; 2nd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell ; 3rd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. David R. Jones ; 4th Brigade , under Brig. Gen. James Longstreet ; 5th Brigade , under Col. Philip St. George Cocke ; 6th Brigade , under Col. Jubal Early ; 7th Brigade , under Col. Nathan G. Evans . The Army of the Shenandoah ( Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston ) was also organized into brigades . It consisted of four brigades of three to five infantry regiments each , which totaled approximately 12,000 men . Each brigade was assigned one artillery battery . In addition to the infantry , there were twenty pieces of artillery and about 300 Virginia cavalrymen under Col. J.E.B. Stuart . Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000 , only about 18,000 were actually engaged at First Bull Run . The Army of the Shenandoah consisted of four infantry brigades : 1st Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson ; 2nd Brigade , commanded by Col. Francis S. Bartow ; 3rd Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Barnard E. Bee ; 4th Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith . Abstract front field return , First Corps ( Army of the Potomac ) , July 21 , 1861 . ( Dated September 25 , 1861 . ) ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Commands . General and Staff Officers Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers Men . Officers Men . Officers Men . First Brigade 211 4,070 Second Brigade 133 2,307 Third Brigade 128 1,989 Fourth Brigade 160 2,364 Fifth Brigade 208 8,065 Sixth Brigade 261 2,356 Seventh Louisiana 44 773 Eighth Louisiana 43 803 Hampton Legion 27 627 Thirteenth Virginia 34 642 Harrison 's Battalion ( three companies ) 13 196 Troops ( ten ) of cavalry 38 545 Washington ( Louisiana ) Artillery 19 201 Kemper 's battery 76 Latham 's battery 86 Loudoun Battery 55 Shield 's battery 82 Camp Pickens ( heavy artillery ) 18 275 Total 22 1,215 18,354 85 1,383 51 775 Aggregates : Infantry 19,569 Cavalry 1,468 Artillery 826 21,863 Abstract from monthly report of Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston 's division , or Army of the Shenandoah ( C.S.A. ) , for June 30 , 1861 . ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH Commanding officer . Troops . PRESENT FOR DUTY . Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Colonel Jackson First brigade 128 2,043 81 Col. F.S. Bartow Second brigade 155 2,391 59 Brigadier - General Bee Third brigade 161 2,629 78 Col. A. Elzey Fourth brigade 156 2,106 45 Col. J.E.B. Stuart First Virginia Cavalry 21 313 Col. A.C. Cummings Virginia Volunteers 14 227 Total 614 9,396 21 313 15 263 Aggregate present for duty . General staff 32 Infantry 10,010 Cavalry 334 Artillery 278 10,654 Battle ( edit ) Morning phase ( edit ) Matthews Hill ( edit ) Situation morning , July 21 Situation at 05 : 30 -- 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) On the morning of July 21 , 1861 , McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ( about 12,000 men ) from Centreville at 2 : 30 a.m. , marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs . Tyler 's division ( about 8,000 ) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge . The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems . Tyler 's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike . The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate , little more than a cart path in some places , and did not begin fording Bull Run until 9 : 30 a.m. Tyler 's men reached the Stone Bridge around 6 a.m. At 5 : 15 a.m. , Richardson 's brigade fired a few artillery rounds across Mitchell 's Ford on the Confederate right , some of which hit Beauregard 's headquarters in the Wilmer McLean house as he was eating breakfast , alerting him to the fact that his offensive battle plan had been preempted . Nevertheless , he ordered demonstration attacks north toward the Union left at Centreville . Bungled orders and poor communications prevented their execution . Although he intended for Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell to lead the attack , Ewell , at Union Mills Ford , was simply ordered to `` hold ... in readiness to advance at a moment 's notice '' . Brig. Gen. D.R. Jones was supposed to attack in support of Ewell , but found himself moving forward alone . Holmes was also supposed to support , but received no orders at all . U.S. cavalry at Sudley Spring Ford An 1862 illustration of a Confederate officer forcing slaves to fire a cannon at U.S. forces at gunpoint . According to John Parker , a former slave , he was forced by his Confederate captors to fire a cannon at U.S. soldiers at the Battle of Bull Run . All that stood in the path of the 20,000 Union soldiers converging on the Confederate left flank were Col. Nathan `` Shanks '' Evans and his reduced brigade of 1,100 men . Evans had moved some of his men to intercept the direct threat from Tyler at the bridge , but he began to suspect that the weak attacks from the Union brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck were merely feints . He was informed of the main Union flanking movement through Sudley Springs by Captain Edward Porter Alexander , Beauregard 's signal officer , observing from 8 miles ( 13 km ) southwest on Signal Hill . In the first use of wig - wag semaphore signaling in combat , Alexander sent the message `` Look out for your left , your position is turned . '' Evans hastily led 900 of his men from their position fronting the Stone Bridge to a new location on the slopes of Matthews Hill , a low rise to the northwest of his previous position . The Confederate delaying action on Matthews Hill included a spoiling attack launched by Major Roberdeau Wheat 's 1st Louisiana Special Battalion , `` Wheat 's Tigers '' . After Wheat 's command was thrown back , and Wheat seriously wounded , Evans received reinforcement from two other brigades under Brig. Gen. Barnard Bee and Col. Francis S. Bartow , bringing the force on the flank to 2,800 men . They successfully slowed Hunter 's lead brigade ( Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside ) in its attempts to ford Bull Run and advance across Young 's Branch , at the northern end of Henry House Hill . One of Tyler 's brigade commanders , Col. William Tecumseh Sherman , crossed at an unguarded ford and struck the right flank of the Confederate defenders . This surprise attack , coupled with pressure from Burnside and Maj . George Sykes , collapsed the Confederate line shortly after 11 : 30 a.m. , sending them in a disorderly retreat to Henry House Hill . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 4 , Additional Map 5 , Additional Map 6 and Additional Map 7 . ) Noon phase ( edit ) Henry House Hill ( edit ) As they retreated from their Matthews Hill position , the remainder of Evans 's , Bee 's , and Bartow 's commands received some cover from Capt . John D. Imboden and his battery of four 6 - pounder guns , who held off the Union advance while the Confederates attempted to regroup on Henry House Hill . They were met by generals Johnston and Beauregard , who had just arrived from Johnston 's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm , `` Portici '' . Fortunately for the Confederates , McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately , choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts . James B. Ricketts ( Battery I , 1st U.S. Artillery ) and Charles Griffin ( Battery D , 5th U.S. ) from Dogan 's Ridge . Attacks on Henry House Hill , noon -- 2 p.m Union retreat , after 4 p.m. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson 's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon , accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton 's Legion , and Col. J.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry . Jackson posted his five regiments on the reverse slope of the hill , where they were shielded from direct fire , and was able to assemble 13 guns for the defensive line , which he posted on the crest of the hill ; as the guns fired , their recoil moved them down the reverse slope , where they could be safely reloaded . Meanwhile , McDowell ordered the batteries of Ricketts and Griffin to move from Dogan 's Ridge to the hill for close infantry support . Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across 300 yards ( 270 m ) against Jackson 's 13 . Unlike many engagements in the Civil War , here the Confederate artillery had an advantage . The Union pieces were now within range of the Confederate smoothbores and the predominantly rifled pieces on the Union side were not effective weapons at such close ranges , with many shots fired over the head of their targets . Ruins of Judith Henry 's house , `` Spring Hill '' , after the battle Postwar house on site of Judith Henry house in Manassas Judith Henry grave One of the casualties of the artillery fire was Judith Carter Henry , an 85 - year - old widow and invalid , who was unable to leave her bedroom in the Henry House . As Ricketts began receiving rifle fire , he concluded that it was coming from the Henry House and turned his guns on the building . A shell that crashed through the bedroom wall tore off one of the widow 's feet and inflicted multiple injuries , from which she died later that day . `` The Enemy are driving us '' , Bee exclaimed to Jackson . Jackson , a former U.S. Army officer and professor at the Virginia Military Institute , is said to have replied , `` Then , Sir , we will give them the bayonet . '' Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting , `` There is Jackson standing like a stone wall . Let us determine to die here , and we will conquer . Rally behind the Virginians . '' This exclamation was the source for Jackson 's ( and his brigade 's ) nickname , `` Stonewall '' . There is some controversy over Bee 's statement and intent , which could not be clarified because he was mortally wounded almost immediately after speaking and none of his subordinate officers wrote reports of the battle . Major Burnett Rhett , chief of staff to General Johnston , claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson 's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee 's and Bartow 's brigades while they were under heavy pressure . Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee 's statement was meant to be pejorative : `` Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall ! '' Artillery commander Griffin decided to move two of his guns to the southern end of his line , hoping to provide enfilade fire against the Confederates . At approximately 3 p.m. , these guns were overrun by the 33rd Virginia , whose men were outfitted in blue uniforms , causing Griffin 's commander , Maj . William F. Barry , to mistake them for Union troops and to order Griffin not to fire on them . Close range volleys from the 33rd Virginia and Stuart 's cavalry attack against the flank of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Ellsworth 's Fire Zouaves ) , which was supporting the battery , killed many of the gunners and scattered the infantry . Capitalizing on this success , Jackson ordered two regiments to charge Ricketts 's guns and they were captured as well . As additional Federal infantry engaged , the guns changed hands several times . Capture of Ricketts ' Battery , painting by Sidney E. King , National Park Service The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle . Although McDowell had brought 15 regiments into the fight on the hill , outnumbering the Confederates two to one , no more than two were ever engaged simultaneously . Jackson continued to press his attacks , telling soldiers of the 4th Virginia Infantry , `` Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards ! Then fire and give them the bayonet ! And when you charge , yell like furies ! '' For the first time , Union troops heard the disturbing sound of the Rebel yell . At about 4 p.m. , the last Union troops were pushed off Henry House Hill by a charge of two regiments from Col. Philip St. George Cocke 's brigade . To the west , Chinn Ridge had been occupied by Col. Oliver Otis Howard 's brigade from Heintzelman 's division . Also at 4 p.m. , two Confederate brigades - Col. Jubal Early 's , which had moved from the Confederate right , and Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith 's ( commanded by Col. Arnold Elzey after Smith was wounded ) , which had just arrived from the Shenandoah Valley -- crushed Howard 's brigade . Beauregard ordered his entire line forward . At 5 p.m. everywhere McDowell 's army was disintegrating . Thousands , in large and small groups or as individuals , began to leave the battlefield and head for Centreville . McDowell rode around the field trying to rally regiments and groups of soldiers , but most had had enough . Unable to stop the mass exodus , McDowell gave orders for Porter 's Regular infantry battalion , near the intersection of the turnpike and Manassas - Sudley Road , to act as a rear guard as his army withdrew . The unit briefly held the crossroads , then retreated eastward with the rest of the army . McDowell 's force crumbled and began to retreat . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 8 , Additional Map 9 , Additional Map 10 , Additional Map 11 and Additional Map 12 . ) Union retreat ( edit ) The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings , but it was poorly managed by the Union officers . A Union wagon was overturned by artillery fire on a bridge spanning Cub Run Creek and incited panic in McDowell 's force . As the soldiers streamed uncontrollably toward Centreville , discarding their arms and equipment , McDowell ordered Col. Dixon S. Miles 's division to act as a rear guard , but it was impossible to rally the army short of Washington . In the disorder that followed , hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner . Wagons and artillery were abandoned , including the 30 - pounder Parrott rifle , which had opened the battle with such fanfare . Expecting an easy Union victory , the wealthy elite of nearby Washington , including congressmen and their families , had come to picnic and watch the battle . When the Union army was driven back in a running disorder , the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages . Since their combined army had been left highly disorganized as well , Beauregard and Johnston did not fully press their advantage , despite urging from Confederate President Jefferson Davis , who had arrived on the battlefield to see the Union soldiers retreating . An attempt by Johnston to intercept the Union troops from his right flank , using the brigades of Brig . Gens . Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet , was a failure . The two commanders squabbled with each other and when Bonham 's men received some artillery fire from the Union rear guard , and found that Richardson 's brigade blocked the road to Centreville , he called off the pursuit . In Washington President Lincoln and members of the cabinet waited for news of a Union victory . Instead , a telegram arrived stating `` General McDowell 's army in full retreat through Centreville . The day is lost . Save Washington and the remnants of this army . '' The tidings were happier in the Confederate capital . From the battlefield President Davis telegraphed Richmond , `` We have won a glorious but dear - bought victory . Night closed on the enemy in full flight and closely pursued . '' Aftermath ( edit ) Brief observations ( edit ) First Bull Run was a clash between relatively large , ill - trained bodies of recruits , led by inexperienced officers . Neither army commander was able to deploy his forces effectively , only 18,000 men from each side were actually engaged . Although McDowell had been active on the battlefield , he had expended most of his energy maneuvering nearby regiments and brigades , instead of controlling and coordinating the movements of his army as a whole . Other factors contributed to McDowell 's defeat : Patterson 's failure to hold Johnston in the valley ; McDowell 's two - day delay at Centreville ; allowing Tyler 's division to lead the march on 21 July thus delaying the flanking divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ; and the 2 1 / 2 - hour delay after the Union victory on Matthews ' Hill , which allowed the Confederates to bring up reinforcements and establish a defensive position on Henry Hill . On Henry Hill Beauregard had also limited his control to the regimental level , generally allowing the battle to continue on its own and only reacting to Union moves . Johnston 's decision to transport his infantry to the battlefield by rail played a major role in the Confederate victory . Although the trains were slow and a lack of sufficient cars did not allow the transport of large numbers of troops at one time , almost all of his army arrived in time to participate in the battle . After reaching Manassas Junction , Johnston had relinquished command of the battlefield to Beauregard , but his forwarding of reinforcements to the scene of fighting was decisive . Detailed casualties ( edit ) Bull Run was the largest and bloodiest battle in United States history up to that point . Union casualties were 460 killed , 1,124 wounded , and 1,312 missing or captured ; Confederate casualties were 387 killed , 1,582 wounded , and 13 missing . Among the Union dead was Col. James Cameron , brother of President Lincoln 's first Secretary of War , Simon Cameron . Among the Confederate casualties was Col. Francis S. Bartow , who was the first Confederate brigade commander to be killed in the Civil War . General Bee was mortally wounded and died the following day . Compared to later battles , casualties at First Bull Run had not been especially heavy . Both Union and Confederate killed , wounded , and missing were a little over one thousand seven hundred each . Union ( edit ) Union casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Troops Killed Wounded Missing Remarks Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men General staff First Division , General TYLER : First Brigade , Colonel Keyes 19 46 5 149 Eighteen others slightly wounded . Second Brigade , General Schenck 16 15 15 Third Brigade , Colonel Sherman 117 15 193 13 240 Fourth Brigade , Colonel Richardson Not engaged . Guarding Blackburn 's Ford . Total , First Division 6 152 19 254 19 404 Second Division , Colonel HUNTER : First Brigade , Colonel Porter 83 9 139 9 236 Four surgeons missing . Second Brigade , Colonel Burnside 5 35 85 59 Five surgeons missing . Total Second Division 6 118 12 224 11 295 Third Division , Colonel HEINTZELMAN : Division headquarters . First Brigade , Colonel Franklin 68 13 183 22 Second Brigade , Colonel Willcox 70 11 161 186 Third Brigade , Colonel Howard 48 7 108 6 174 Total , Third Division 6 186 32 452 10 382 Fourth Division , General RUNYON In reserve on the Potomac . Fifth Division , Colonel MILES : First Brigade Colonel Blenker 6 16 94 Second Brigade , Colonel Davies Total , Fifth Division 6 17 95 Grand total 19 462 64 947 40 1,176 Union artillery lost in the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Batteries Commanders Guns lost Remarks Rifled Smooth Total First U.S. Artillery , Company G ( two 20 - pounder Parrotts , one 30 - pounder Parrott ) . Lieutenant Edwards 20 - pounders saved First U.S. Artillery , Company I ( six 10 - pounder Parrots ) Captain Ricketts 6 6 None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company D Captain Arnold None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company E ( two 13 - pounder James , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Carlisle Two 6 - pounders saved Fifth S. Artillery ( Company D ) , ( two 10 - pounder Parrotts , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Griffin 5 One 10 - pounder saved Rhode Island Battery ( six 13 - pounder James ) 5 5 One saved Total lost 17 8 25 Confederate ( edit ) Confederate casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Command Killed Wounded Missing Aggregate Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men ARMY OF THE POTOMAC INFANTRY First Louisiana ( battalion ) 8 5 33 48 Seventh Louisiana 23 26 Thirteenth Mississippi 6 6 Seventeenth Mississippi 9 11 Eighteenth Mississippi 6 28 38 Fifth North Carolina Second South Carolina 5 6 37 48 Fourth South Carolina 10 9 70 6 96 Fifth South Carolina 23 26 Eighth South Carolina 5 20 28 Hampton Legion 19 100 121 First Virginia 6 6 Seventh Virginia 9 37 47 Eighth Virginia 6 23 30 Seventeenth Virginia Eighteenth Virginia 6 12 19 Nineteenth Virginia 6 Twenty - eighth Virginia 9 9 Forty - ninth Virginia 9 29 40 ARTILLERY Alexandria Light Artillery Latham 's Loudoun Washington ( La . ) CAVALRY Thirtieth Virginia 9 Hanover ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH INFANTRY Fourth Alabama 36 6 151 Seventh Georgia 18 12 122 Eighth Georgia 38 6 153 First Maryland 5 Second Mississippi 21 79 Eleventh Mississippi 7 21 Sixth North Carolina 22 46 Third Tennessee Second Virginia 15 69 Fourth Virginia 30 100 Fifth Virginia 6 47 Tenth Virginia 6 10 Twenty - seventh Virginia 18 122 Thirty - third Virginia 44 101 Total First Corps 6 99 29 490 12 632 Total Second Corps 19 263 34 1,029 Grand total 25 362 63 1,519 12 632 Today will be known as BLACK MONDAY . We are utterly and disgracefully routed , beaten , whipped by secessionists . Union diarist George Templeton Strong If the war had turned out to be of short duration , Bull Run would have been a disaster for the Union . But if , as now seemed more plausible , a long and nasty war was inevitable , that battle had a curiously salutary effect for the Union side . It provided a wake - up call for those optimists -- like Seward or even Lincoln -- who had hoped for or counted on a quick result . David Detzer , Donnybrook Bull Run was a turning point in the American Civil War ... in the sense that the battle struck with impelling force upon public opinion at home and abroad , upon Congress , and upon the Commander - in - chief . It framed new patterns of thought and led to far - reaching changes in the conduct of the war . The failure at Bull Run inspired a second Northern rising . Volunteering accelerated , 90 - day men reenlisted , states rushed fresh regiments forward in plenitude ... As they realized victory would not come readily , a new mood fastened upon Northerners . An iron resolve entered the Northern soul ... James A. Rawley , Turning Points of the Civil War Effect on the Union and subsequent events ( edit ) Union forces and civilians alike feared that Confederate forces would advance on Washington , D.C. , with very little standing in their way . On July 24 , Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe ascended in the balloon Enterprise to observe the Confederates moving in and about Manassas Junction and Fairfax . He saw no evidence of massing Confederate forces , but was forced to land in Confederate territory . It was overnight before he was rescued and could report to headquarters . He reported that his observations `` restored confidence '' to the Union commanders . The Northern public was shocked at the unexpected defeat of their army when an easy victory had been widely anticipated . Both sides quickly came to realize the war would be longer and more brutal than they had imagined . On July 22 President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service . On July 25 , eleven thousand Pennsylvanians who had earlier been rejected by the U.S. Secretary of War , Simon Cameron , for federal service in either Patterson 's or McDowell 's command arrived in Washington , D.C. , and were finally accepted . Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia . The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs . Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army . Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service . The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame . On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who was named general - in - chief of all the Union armies . McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Effect on the Confederacy ( edit ) The reaction in the Confederacy was more muted . There was little public celebration as the Southerners realized that despite their victory , the greater battles that would inevitably come would mean greater losses for their side as well . Once the euphoria of victory had worn off , Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers . Beauregard was considered the Confederate hero of the battle and was promoted that day by C.S. President Davis to full general in the Confederate army . Stonewall Jackson , arguably the most important tactical contributor to the victory , received no special recognition , but would later achieve glory for his 1862 Valley Campaign . Privately , Davis credited Greenhow with ensuring Confederate victory . Jordan sent a telegram to Greenhow : `` Our President and our General direct me to thank you . We rely upon you for further information . The Confederacy owes you a debt . ( Signed ) JORDAN , Adjutant - General . '' The battle also had long - term psychological consequences . The decisive victory led to a degree of over-confidence on the part of Confederate forces , while prompting a determined organizational effort on the part of the Union . In hindsight commentators on both sides agreed that the one - sided outcome `` proved the greatest misfortune that would have befallen the Confederacy '' . Although modern historians generally agree with this interpretation , James M. McPherson has argued that the esprit de corps attained by Confederate troops on the heels of their victory , together with a new sense of insecurity felt by northern commanders , also gave the Confederacy a military edge in the following months . Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War ( edit ) Further information : Turning point of the American Civil War § Confederate victory in First Battle of Bull Run ( July 1861 ) `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' ( edit ) The name of the battle has caused controversy since 1861 . The Union Army frequently named battles after significant rivers and creeks that played a role in the fighting ; the Confederates generally used the names of nearby towns or farms . The U.S. National Park Service uses the Confederate name for its national battlefield park , but the Union name ( Bull Run ) also has widespread currency in popular literature . Confusion between the battle flags ( edit ) Battlefield confusion between the battle flags , especially the similarity of the Confederacy 's `` Stars and Bars '' and the Union 's `` Stars and Stripes '' when fluttering , led to the adoption of the Confederate Battle Flag , which eventually became the most popular symbol of the Confederacy and the South in general . Conclusions ( edit ) First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle , and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict . The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men . One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run , now combat veterans , would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield at the Second Battle of Bull Run / Manassas . Additional battle maps ( edit ) Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour ( edit ) Map 1 : Situation Mid-July 1861 Map 2 : Beauregard 's defensive situation ( Mid-July 1861 ) Map 3 : Situation at 05 : 30 - 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 4 : Situation at 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 5 : Situation at 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 6 : Situation at 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 7 : Situation at 13 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 8 : Situation at 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 9 : Situation at 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 10 : Situation at 15 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 11 : Situation at 16 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 12 : Situation at 16 : 30 - 17 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) In popular culture ( edit ) The First Battle of Bull Run is mentioned in the novel Gods and Generals , but is depicted more fully in its film adaptation . The battle forms the climax of the film Class of ' 61 . It also appears in the first episode of the second season of the mini-series North and South , in the second episode of the first season of the mini-series How the West Was Won and in the first episode of the mini-series The Blue and the Gray . Manassas ( 1999 ) is the first volume in the James Reasoner Civil War Series of historical novels . The battle is described in Rebel ( 1993 ) , the first volume of Bernard Cornwell 's The Starbuck Chronicles series of historical novels . The battle is described from the viewpoint of a Union infantryman in Upton Sinclair 's novella Manassas , which also depicts the political turmoil leading up to the Civil War . The battle is also depicted in John Jakes 's The Titans , the fifth novel in The Kent Family Chronicles , a series that explores the fictional Confederate cavalry officer Gideon Kent . The battle is the subject of the Johnny Horton song , `` Battle of Bull Run '' . Shaman , second in the Cole family trilogy by Noah Gordon , includes an account of the battle . The battle is also depicted in the song `` Yankee Bayonet '' by indie - folk band The Decemberists . In Murder at 1600 , Detective Harlan Regis ( Wesley Snipes ) has built a plan - relief of the battle which plays a certain role in the plot . Sesquicentennial ( edit ) The National Jubilee of Peace building at Grant and Lee avenues in Manassas , Virginia , is draped with the U.S. flag for the 150th anniversary commemoration , held on July 21 , 2011 , of the First Battle of Bull Run . Prince William County staged special events commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War through 2011 . Manassas was named the No. 1 tourist destination in the United States for 2011 by the American Bus Association for its efforts in highlighting the historical impact of the Civil War . The cornerstone of the commemoration event featured a reenactment of the battle on July 23 -- 24 , 2011 . Throughout the year , there were tours of the Manassas battlefield and other battlefields in the county and a number of related events and activities . The City of Manassas commemorated the 150th anniversary of the battle July 21 -- 24 , 2011 . Battlefield preservation ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Manassas National Battlefield Park U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. Historic district U.S. National Battlefield Park Stonewall Jackson 's cannons on Henry House Hill Location Prince William County , Virginia Nearest city Gainesville , Virginia Coordinates 38 ° 48 ′ 46 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 18 '' W / 38.81278 ° N 77.52167 ° W / 38.81278 ; - 77.52167 Area 5,073 acres ( 20.53 km ) NRHP reference # 66000039 Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park . Located north of Manassas , in Prince William County , Virginia , it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles : the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21 , 1861 , and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30 , 1862 ( also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas , respectively ) . The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North ( Union ) and the South ( Confederacy ) , and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname `` Stonewall . '' Today the National Battlefield Park provides the opportunity for visitors to explore the historic terrain where men fought and died more than a century ago . More than 900,000 people visit the battlefield each year . ( In comparison , roughly 15 million people annually visit nearby Washington , DC . ) As a historic area under the National Park Service , the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . See also ( edit ) American Civil War portal Second Battle of Bull Run Armies in the American Civil War Troop engagements of the American Civil War , 1861 List of costliest American Civil War land battles Origins of the American Civil War Battle of Fort Sumter Manassas Campaign Manassas National Battlefield Park Bull Run Mountains Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : National Park Service . Jump up ^ National Park Service Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 314 -- 315 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 469 -- 470 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Abtract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 309 ) . ^ Jump up to : Strength figures vary by source . Eicher , p. 87 - 88 : 35,000 Union , 32,000 Confederate ; Esposito , map 19 : 35,000 Union , 29,000 Confederate ; Ballard , 35,000 Union ( 18,000 engaged ) , 34,000 Confederate ( 18,000 engaged ) ; Salmon , p. 20 : 28,450 Union , 32,230 Confederate ; Kennedy , p. 14 : 35,000 Union , 33,000 Confederate ; Livermore , p. 77 : 28,452 Union `` effectives '' , 32,323 Confederate engaged . Writing in The Century Magazine , adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,572 Union men ( including stragglers not on the field ) and 24 guns engaged , Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 and pages 568 -- 569 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 327 ) . Jump up ^ 2,896 ( 460 killed ; 1,124 wounded ; 1,312 captured / missing ) , according to Eicher , p. 99 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties in the Army of the Potomac ( Confederate ) July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 570 ) . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page V ( Preface ) . Jump up ^ Ballard , 3 . Jump up ^ Ballard , 4 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 4 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 77 ; Williams , p. 21 ; McPherson , p. 336 ; Davis , p. 110 , attributes the remark to general - in - chief Winfield Scott . ^ Jump up to : Fishel , Edwin C. , The Secret War For The Union : The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War , Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1996 , pp. 59 -- 63 ^ Jump up to : `` Greenhow , Rose O'Neal '' , ( 1817 -- 1864 ) , The National Archives -- People Description. 1817 -- 1864 , ( accessed February 5 , 2013 ) Jump up ^ `` Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow '' , National Archives and Records Administration , World Digital Library Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 110 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 8 . ^ Jump up to : Livermore , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 9 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 10 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 91 -- 100 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 . Jump up ^ Beatie , pp. 285 -- 88 ; Esposito , text for Map 21 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 94 ; Esposito , Map 22 . Jump up ^ Masur , Kate ( July 27 , 2011 ) . `` Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run '' . The New York Times . New York : The New York Times Company . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hall , Andy ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Memory : Frederick Douglass ' Black Confederate '' . Dead Confederates : A Civil War Blog . WordPress . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2016 . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Brown , pp. 43 -- 45 ; Alexander , pp. 50 -- 51 . Alexander recalls that the signal was `` You are flanked . '' Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 312 -- 13 ; Rafuse , A Single Grand Victory `` , p. 131 ; Esposito , Map 22 ; Eicher , pp. 94 -- 95 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 95 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 313 ; Eicher , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Salmon , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 314 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 357 ; Davis , pp. 204 -- 05 . Jump up ^ Robertson , p. 264 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 82 ; Robertson , p. 264 . McPherson , p. 342 , reports the quotation after `` stone wall '' as being `` Rally around the Virginians ! '' Jump up ^ See , for instance , McPherson , p. 342 . There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all . See Freeman , vol. 1 , pp. 733 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 96 -- 98 ; Esposito , Map 23 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 314 -- 15 ; McPherson , pp. 342 -- 44 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 315 ; Eicher , p. 98 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 32 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 315 -- 16 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 344 ; Eicher , p. 98 ; Esposito , Map 24 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 76 ; Esposito , Map 24 ; Davis , p. 149 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 35 . Jump up ^ Ballard , pages 35 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 434 -- 435 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 383 . ^ Jump up to : Ballard , page 36 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 328 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 488 . Jump up ^ Rawley , pp. 56 -- 57 . Jump up ^ Haydon , pp. 192 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Rawley , p. 58 . Jump up ^ Curtin , Andrew G. ( January 8 , 1862 ) . `` Message of Andrew G. Curtin , Governor of Pennsylvania , to the Legislature , '' . Executive Department : 8 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 100 -- 101 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 492 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Greenhow , Rose O'Neal , My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington , London : Richard Bentley , 1863 , p. 18 , full text online at Documenting the American South , University of North Carolina Jump up ^ James M. McPherson ( 1988 ) . The Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford University Press . p. 347 -- 350 . ISBN 9780199743902 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 346 , n . 7 . McPherson 's popular one - volume history of the war uses the two names interchangeably because he states that `` neither name has any intrinsic superiority over the other . '' Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 342 . Jump up ^ `` Plan a trip and discover your story '' . visitpwc.com . Jump up ^ `` manassascivilwar.org '' . manassascivilwar.org . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2011 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( 2009 - 03 - 13 ) . `` National Register Information System '' . National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service . Jump up ^ Washington DC GO ! References ( edit ) Alexander , Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy : The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander . Edited by Gary W. Gallagher . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press , 1989 . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4722 - 4 . Ballard , Ted . First Battle of Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide . Washington , DC : United States Army Center of Military History , 2003 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 16 - 068078 - 6 . This article incorporates text from this source , which is in the public domain . Beatie , Russel H. Army of the Potomac : Birth of Command , November 1860 -- September 1861 . New York : Da Capo Press , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81141 - 3 . Brown , J. Willard . The Signal Corps , U.S.A. in the War of the Rebellion . U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association , 1896 . Reprinted 1974 by Arno Press . ISBN 0 - 405 - 06036 - X . Davis , William C. , and the Editors of Time - Life Books . First Blood : Fort Sumter to Bull Run . Alexandria , VA : Time - Life Books , 1983 . ISBN 0 - 8094 - 4704 - 5 . Detzer , David . Donnybrook : The Battle of Bull Run , 1861 . New York : Harcourt , 2004 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 15 - 603143 - 1 . Eicher , David J. The Longest Night : A Military History of the Civil War . New York : Simon & Schuster , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 84944 - 5 . Esposito , Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars . New York : Frederick A. Praeger , 1959 . OCLC 5890637 . The collection of maps ( without explanatory text ) is available online at the West Point website . Praeger , 1959 . Freeman , Douglas S. Lee 's Lieutenants : A Study in Command . 3 vols . New York : Scribner , 1946 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 85979 - 3 . Haydon , F. Stansbury . Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 1941 . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6442 - 9 . Livermore , Thomas L. Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America 1861 -- 65 . Reprinted with errata , Dayton , OH : Morninside House , 1986 . ISBN 0 - 527 - 57600 - X . First published in 1901 by Houghton Mifflin . McPherson , James M. Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford History of the United States . New York : Oxford University Press , 1988 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 503863 - 0 . Rafuse , Ethan S. `` First Battle of Bull Run . '' In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War : A Political , Social , and Military History , edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler . New York : W.W. Norton & Company , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 393 - 04758 - X . Rafuse , Ethan S. A Single Grand Victory : The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas . The American Crisis Series . Wilmington , DE : SR Books , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 8420 - 2875 - 7 . Rawley , James A. Turning Points of the Civil War . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press , 1966 . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 8935 - 9 . Robertson , James I. , Jr . Stonewall Jackson : The Man , The Soldier , The Legend . New York : MacMillan Publishing , 1997 . ISBN 0 - 02 - 864685 - 1 . Salmon , John S . The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 8117 - 2868 - 4 . Williams , T. Harry . Lincoln and His Generals . New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1952 . ISBN 0 - 9654382 - 6 - 0 . National Park Service battle description Professor Thaddeus Lowe 's Official Report ( Part I ) Memoirs and primary sources ( edit ) Dyer , Frederick H. , A compendium of the War of the Rebellion , Volume 1 , 1908 , Des Moines IA Longstreet , James . From Manassas to Appomattox : Memoirs of the Civil War in America . New York : Da Capo Press , 1992 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 80464 - 6 . First published in 1896 by J.B. Lippincott and Co . Robert Underwood Johnson , Clarence Clough Buell , Battles and Leaders of the Civil War : The Opening Battles , Volume 1 ( Pdf ) , New York : The Century Co. , 1887 . U.S. War Department , The War of the Rebellion : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1880 -- 1901 Further reading ( edit ) Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bull Run . Davis , William C. Battle at Bull Run : A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1977 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0867 - 7 . Goldfield , David , et al . The American Journey : A History of the United States . 2nd ed . New York : Prentice Hall , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 13 - 088243 - 7 . Gottfried , Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run : An atlas of the First Bull Run ( Manassas ) Campaign , including the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , June -- October 1861 . El Dorado Hills , CA : Savas Beatie , 2009 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 932714 - 60 - 9 . Hankinson , Alan . First Bull Run 1861 : The South 's First Victory . Osprey Campaign Series # 10 . London : Osprey Publishing , 1991 . ISBN 1 - 85532 - 133 - 5 . Hennessy , John , Ethan Rafuse , and Harry Smeltzer . `` Historians ' Forum : The First Battle of Bull Run . '' Civil War History 57 # 2 ( June 2011 ) : 106 -- 120 . Hines , Blaikie . The Battle of First Bull Run , Manassas Campaign -- July 16 -- 22 , 1861 : An Illustrated Atlas and Battlefield Guide . Maine : American Patriot Press , 2011 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 61364 - 129 - 3 . Longacre , Edward G . The Early Morning of War : Bull Run , 1861 ( 2014 ) . Rable , George . `` The Battlefield and Beyond . '' Civil War History 53 # 3 ( September 2007 ) : 244 -- 51 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to First Battle of Bull Run . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manassas National Battlefield Park . Battle of Bull Run : Battle maps , photos , history articles , and battlefield news ( Civil War Trust ) `` Map of the Battles of Bull Run , 1861 '' , prepared by Army engineer , National Archives and Record Administration , at World Digital Library Manassas National Battlefield Park website First Battle of Manassas : An End to Innocence , a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places ( TwHP ) lesson plan Harper 's Weekly 1861 Report on the Battle of Bull Run Civil War Home website on First Bull Run Animated history of the First Battle of Bull Run FirstBullRun.co.uk The First Battle of Bull Run public domain audiobook at LibriVox First Manassas Campaign with Official Records and Reports Map of the Battles of Bull Run Near Manassas . Solomon Bamberger . Zoomable high - resolution map . Newspaper coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run Manassas Civil War 150th Anniversary July 21 -- 24 , 2011 Texts on Wikisource : Guernsey , Alfred H. ( 1879 ) . `` Bull Run '' . The American Cyclopædia . Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 1861 Campaigns Chesapeake blockade ( May -- Jun ) Western Virginia ( Jun -- Dec ) Manassas ( Jul ) Carolina coast blockade ( Aug ) McClellan 's Operations ( Oct -- Dec ) Potomac blockade ( Oct -- Jan 1862 ) Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run 1862 Campaigns Burnside 's NC Expedition ( Feb -- Jun ) Jackson 's Valley ( Mar -- Jun ) Peninsula ( Mar -- Jul ) Northern Virginia ( Jul - Sep ) Maryland ( Sep ) Fredericksburg ( Nov -- Dec ) Goldsboro Expedition ( Dec ) Major battles Hampton Roads Williamsburg Seven Pines Seven Days Battles Oak Grove Beaver Dam Creek Gaines 's Mill Garnett 's & Golding 's Farm Savage 's Station White Oak Swamp Glendale Malvern Hill 2nd Bull Run Antietam Fredericksburg 1863 Campaigns Tidewater Operations ( Mar -- Apr ) Chancellorsville ( Apr -- May ) Gettysburg ( Jun -- Jul ) Bristoe ( Oct -- Nov ) Mine Run ( Nov -- Dec ) Major battles Chancellorsville Gettysburg 1864 Campaigns Valley Campaigns ( May -- Oct ) : Lynchburg , Early 's B&O Raid , Sheridan 's Campaign Operations Against Plymouth ( Apr -- May ) Bermuda Hundred ( May ) Overland ( May -- Jun ) Petersburg ( Jun -- Mar 1865 ) Major battles Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House North Anna Cold Harbor Trevilian Station 2nd Petersburg Crater 2nd Deep Bottom Globe Tavern 3rd Winchester Chaffin 's Farm Cedar Creek Boydton Plank Road 1865 Campaigns Wilmington ( Dec -- Feb ) Appomattox ( Mar -- Apr ) Major battles 2nd Fort Fisher Bentonville Fort Stedman Five Forks 3rd Petersburg Sailor 's Creek Appomattox Court House Armies James Potomac Virginia Shenandoah Northern Virginia Geography Departments Monongahela Susquehanna Landforms Cumberland Valley Gettysburg - Newark Lowlands Shenandoah Valley Fairfax County in the American Civil War Battles Battle of Blackburn 's Ford Battle of Chantilly Battle of Dranesville Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1863 ) First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Vienna , Virginia Skirmishes Bog Wallow Ambush Raids Burke 's Station Raid Mosby 's Raids Units 8th Virginia Infantry 17th Virginia Infantry 1st Virginia Cavalry 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry Georgia Hussars ( later Jeff Davis Cavalry Legion , Company F ) 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry 3rd Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment 45th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment 16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry First New Jersey Brigade 2nd Vermont Brigade XXII Corps ( Union Army ) Union Army Balloon Corps People Clara Barton Michael Corcoran Antonia Ford Thaddeus Lowe John Quincy Marr John S. Mosby Edwin H. Stoughton Robert H. Anderson Sites Clarens ( Alexandria , Virginia ) Centreville Military Railroad Colvin Run Mill Fort Lyon ( Virginia ) Fort Marcy Park Hope Park Huntley ( plantation ) Fort O'Rourke Oak Hill ( Annandale , Virginia ) Okeley Manor Ossian Hall ( plantation ) Ox Hill Battlefield Park Ravensworth ( plantation ) St. Mary 's Church ( Fairfax Station , Virginia ) Taylor 's Tavern William Gunnell House ( Fairfax , Virginia ) Mason 's Hill Minor 's Hill Munson 's Hill Upton 's Hill Bailey 's Crossroads ( hide ) American Civil War Origins Origins Issues Timeline leading to the War Antebellum era Bleeding Kansas Border states Compromise of 1850 Dred Scott v. Sandford Missouri Compromise Popular sovereignty Secession States ' rights President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers Slavery African Americans Cornerstone Speech Emancipation Proclamation Fugitive slave laws Slave Power Slavery in the United States Treatment of slaves in the United States Uncle Tom 's Cabin Abolitionism Susan B. Anthony John Brown Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Elijah Parish Lovejoy J. Sella Martin Lysander Spooner George Luther Stearns Charles Sumner Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Combatants Theaters Campaigns Battles States Combatants Union ( USA ) Army Navy Marine Corps Revenue Cutter Service Confederacy ( CSA ) Army Navy Marine Corps Theaters Eastern Western Lower Seaboard Trans - Mississippi Pacific Coast Union naval blockade Major Campaigns Anaconda Plan Blockade runners New Mexico Jackson 's Valley Peninsula Northern Virginia Maryland Stones River Vicksburg Tullahoma Gettysburg Morgan 's Raid Bristoe Knoxville Red River Overland Atlanta Valley 1864 Bermuda Hundred Richmond - Petersburg Franklin -- Nashville Price 's Raid Sherman 's March Carolinas Appomattox Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run Wilson 's Creek Fort Donelson Pea Ridge Hampton Roads Shiloh New Orleans Corinth Seven Pines Seven Days 2nd Bull Run Antietam Perryville Fredericksburg Stones River Chancellorsville Gettysburg Vicksburg Chickamauga Chattanooga Wilderness Spotsylvania Cold Harbor Atlanta Mobile Bay Franklin Nashville Five Forks Involvement ( by state or territory ) AL AK AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Leaders Confederate Military R.H. Anderson Beauregard Bragg Buchanan Cooper Early Ewell Forrest Gorgas Hill Hood Jackson A.S. Johnston J.E. Johnston Lee Longstreet Morgan Mosby Price Semmes E.K. Smith Stuart Taylor Wheeler Civilian Benjamin Bocock Breckinridge Davis Hunter Mallory Memminger Seddon Stephens Union Military Anderson Buell Burnside Butler Du Pont Farragut Foote Frémont Grant Halleck Hooker Hunt McClellan McDowell Meade Meigs Ord Pope D.D. Porter Rosecrans Scott Sheridan Sherman Thomas Civilian Adams Chase Ericsson Hamlin Lincoln Pinkerton Seward Stanton Stevens Wade Welles Aftermath U.S. Constitution Reconstruction amendments 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Reconstruction Alabama Claims Brooks -- Baxter War Carpetbaggers Colfax Riot of 1873 Eufaula Riot of 1874 Freedmen 's Bureau Freedman 's Savings Bank Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Kirk - Holden War Knights of the White Camelia Ku Klux Klan Memphis Riot of 1866 Meridian Riot of 1871 New Orleans Riot of 1866 Pulaski ( Tennessee ) Riot of 1867 Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction treaties Indian Council at Fort Smith Red Shirts Redeemers Confederate refugees Confederados Scalawags South Carolina riots of 1876 Southern Claims Commission Homestead acts Southern Homestead Act of 1866 Timber Culture Act of 1873 White League post-Reconstruction Commemoration Centennial Civil War Discovery Trail Civil War Roundtables Civil War Trails Program Civil War Trust Confederate History Month Confederate monuments and memorials Removal of public symbols of the Confederacy Historical reenactment Robert E. Lee Day Disenfranchisement Black Codes Jim Crow Lost Cause mythology Modern display of the Confederate flag Sons of Confederate Veterans Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War Southern Historical Society United Daughters of the Confederacy Monuments and memorials Union List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Confederate List of monuments and memorials of the Confederate States of America Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials List of memorials to Robert E. Lee List of memorials to Jefferson Davis Annapolis Roger B. Taney Monument Baltimore Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Confederate Women 's Monument Roger B. Taney Monument Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson Monument Durham , North Carolina Robert E. Lee Monument New Orleans Battle of Liberty Place Monument Jefferson Davis Monument General Beauregard Equestrian Statue Robert E. Lee Monument Cemeteries Confederate Memorial Day Ladies ' memorial associations U.S. Memorial Day U.S. national cemeteries Veterans 1913 Gettysburg Reunion Confederate Veteran Grand Army of the Republic Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Old soldiers ' homes Southern Cross of Honor United Confederate Veterans Related topics Related topics Military Arms Campaign Medal Cavalry Confederate Home Guard Confederate railroads Confederate Revolving Cannon Field artillery Medal of Honor recipients Medicine Leadership Naval battles Official Records Partisan rangers POW camps Rations Signal Corps Turning point Union corps badges U.S. Balloon Corps U.S. Home Guard U.S. Military Railroad Political Committee on the Conduct of the War Confederate States Presidential Election of 1861 Confiscation Act of 1861 Confiscation Act of 1862 Copperheads Emancipation Proclamation Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 Hampton Roads Conference National Union Party Radical Republicans Trent Affair Union leagues U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 War Democrats Other topics Bibliography Confederate war finance Confederate States dollar Espionage Confederate Secret Service Great Revival of 1863 Music Naming the war Native Americans Cherokee Choctaw New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 New York City Riot of 1863 Photographers Richmond Riot of 1863 Sexuality Supreme Court cases Tokens U.S. Sanitary Commission Stonewall Jackson Leadership Instructor , Virginia Military Institute Colonel , Virginia Militia Stonewall Brigade Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia Mexican -- American War Siege of Veracruz Battle of Contreras Battle of Chapultepec Battle for Mexico City American Civil War raids and expeditions Great Train Raid of 1861 Romney Expedition American Civil War battles and campaigns First Battle of Manassas Valley Campaign Seven Days Battles Northern Virginia Campaign Maryland Campaign Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Chancellorsville Historic items Winchester Headquarters Stone Mountain Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar Monument Avenue `` Stonewall Jackson 's Way '' CSS Stonewall USS Stonewall USS Stonewall Jackson Related Lee -- Jackson Day Virginia portal Fairfax County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington metropolitan area Baltimore -- Washington metropolitan area Administration Fairfax County Public Schools Fairfax County Board of Supervisors Fairfax County Park Authority Fairfax County Economic Development Authority Fairfax County Public Library Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department Fairfax County Police Department Fairfax County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Fairfax Symphony Orchestra Northern Virginia Chamber of Commerce Landmarks Fairfax County Government Center Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts Inova Fairfax Hospital Mount Vernon Gunston Hall Tysons Corner Center Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park Great Falls Park Steven F. Udvar - Hazy Center Washington and Old Dominion Railway Fort Belvoir Transportation Air Manassas Regional Airport Washington Dulles International Airport Roads Fairfax County Parkway Springfield Interchange Virginia State Route 123 Dulles Toll Road ( VA 267 ) Transit Fairfax Connector Silver Line Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line Fredericksburg Line Culture Battles Battle of Chantilly First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Celebrate Fairfax ! Education George Mason University University of Fairfax Northern Virginia Community College Prince William County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington Metropolitan Area Administration Prince William Board of County Supervisors Prince William County Public Schools Prince William County Department of Parks & Recreation Prince William County Public Library Prince William County Department of Fire and Rescue Prince William County Police Department Prince William County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Prince William Chamber of Commerce Landmarks National Museum of the Marine Corps Marine Corps Base Quantico Hylton Performing Arts Center Manassas National Battlefield Park Jiffy Lube Live Old Dominion Speedway Prince William Forest Park Leesylvania State Park Potomac Mills Transportation OmniRide Washington Dulles International Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Manassas Regional Airport Prince William Parkway Virginia State Route 234 Interstate 66 Interstate 95 U.S. Route 1 Culture Battles First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Dale City 4th of July Parade Education George Mason University Northern Virginia Community College Strayer University University of Northern Virginia Municipalities and communities of Prince William County , Virginia , United States County seat : Manassas Towns Dumfries Haymarket Occoquan Quantico CDPs Buckhall Bull Run Bull Run Mountain Estates Cherry Hill County Center Dale City Gainesville Independent Hill Lake Ridge Linton Hall Loch Lomond Marumsco Montclair Neabsco Nokesville Potomac Mills Quantico Base ‡ Sudley Triangle Woodbridge Yorkshire Unincorporated communities Aden Agnewville Antioch Batestown Bethel Brentsville Bristow Buckland Canova Catharpin Cornwell Featherstone Greenwich Groveton Hickory Ridge Hoadly Joplin Kopp Locust Hill Minnieville Rixlew Southbridge Sudley Springs Thoroughfare Wellington West Gate Footnotes ‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Bull_Run&oldid=803242786 '' Categories : Fairfax County in the American Civil War Manassas Campaign Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Confederate victories of the American Civil War Prince William County in the American Civil War Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries 1861 in the American Civil War 1861 in Virginia July 1861 events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from November 2013 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from July 2017 All articles needing additional references Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 1 October 2017 , at 10 : 22 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who won the battle of manassas bull run | ["The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces."] | ['Confederate victory'] | The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. |
[question]: What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War?
[answer]: The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas. | What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War? | The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas. | 1 | 7.509038 | 24 | 108 | 1 |
6,749 | -6,351,121,546,683,077,000 | Oldest people | Oldest people - wikipedia Oldest people Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the oldest verified people of all time . For the oldest currently living people , see list of oldest living people . For the main article , see Supercentenarian . For modern , or complete , unvalidated supercentenarian claims , see Longevity claims . For historical , incomplete unvalidated supercentenarian claims , see Longevity myths . This is a list of tables of the oldest people in the world in ordinal ranks . To avoid including false or unconfirmed claims of extreme old age , names here are restricted to those people whose ages have been validated by an international body that specifically deals in longevity research , such as the Gerontology Research Group ( GRG ) or Guinness World Records ( GWR ) , and others who have otherwise been reliably sourced . According to this criterion , the longest human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France ( 1875 -- 1997 ) , who lived to the age of 122 years , 164 days . She met Vincent van Gogh when she was 12 or 13 . She received news media attention in 1985 , after turning 110 . Subsequent investigation found documentation for Calment 's age , beyond any reasonable question , in the records of her native city , Arles , France . More evidence of Calment 's lifespan has been produced than for any other supercentenarian ; her case serves as an archetype in the methodology for verifying the ages of the world 's oldest people . As women live longer than men on average , combined records for both sexes are dominated by women . The longest undisputed lifespan for a man is that of Jiroemon Kimura of Japan ( 1897 -- 2013 ) , who died at age 116 years , 54 days . Since the death of 117 - year - old Violet Brown of Jamaica on 15 September 2017 , 117 - year - old Nabi Tajima of Japan , born 4 August 1900 , is the oldest living person in the world whose age has been documented . Contents ( hide ) 1 Ten oldest verified cases ever 1.1 Men 2 Ten oldest living people of verified age 2.1 Men 3 Chronological list of the oldest known living person since 1955 3.1 Chronological list of the oldest living man since 1973 4 Oldest verified person by country 5 Notes 6 References Ten oldest verified cases ever Main article : List of the verified oldest people Main article : List of the verified oldest women Systematic verification of longevity has only been practiced in recent decades and only in certain parts of the world . Note : All ten oldest people ever are women . Deceased Living † ^ denotes age at death , or , if living , age as of 27 October 2017 Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Place of death or residence Jeanne Calment 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years , 164 days France Sarah Knauss 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years , 97 days United States Lucy Hannah 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years , 248 days United States Marie - Louise Meilleur 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years , 230 days Canada 5 Violet Brown 10 March 1900 15 September 2017 117 years , 189 days Jamaica 6 Emma Morano 29 November 1899 15 April 2017 117 years , 137 days Italy 7 Nabi Tajima 4 August 1900 Living 7004428180000000000 ♠ 117 years , 84 days Japan 8 Misao Okawa 5 March 1898 1 April 2015 117 years , 27 days Japan 9 María Capovilla 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years , 347 days Ecuador 10 Susannah Mushatt Jones 6 July 1899 12 May 2016 116 years , 311 days United States Men Main article : List of the verified oldest men Rank Name Birth date Death date Age Place of death or residence Jiroemon Kimura 19 April 1897 12 June 2013 116 years , 54 days Japan Christian Mortensen 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years , 252 days United States Emiliano Mercado del Toro 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years , 156 days Puerto Rico Mathew Beard 9 July 1870 16 February 1985 114 years , 222 days United States 5 Walter Breuning 21 September 1896 14 April 2011 114 years , 205 days United States 6 Yukichi Chuganji 23 March 1889 28 September 2003 114 years , 189 days Japan 7 Joan Riudavets 15 December 1889 5 March 2004 114 years , 81 days Spain 8 Fred H. Hale , Sr . 1 December 1890 19 November 2004 113 years , 354 days United States 9 Yisrael Kristal 15 September 1903 11 August 2017 113 years , 330 days Israel 10 Johnson Parks 15 October 1884 17 July 1998 113 years , 275 days United States a ^ Mortensen was born in Denmark . b ^ Kristal was born in Poland , then a part of the Russian Empire . Ten oldest living people of verified age Main article : List of oldest living people Note : All ten oldest living people are women . Rank Name Sex Birth date Age as of 27 October 2017 Place of residence Nabi Tajima 4 August 1900 7004428180000000000 ♠ 117 years , 84 days Japan Chiyo Miyako 2 May 1901 7004425470000000000 ♠ 116 years , 178 days Japan Ana María Vela Rubio 29 October 1901 7004423670000000000 ♠ 115 years , 363 days Spain Giuseppina Projetto 30 May 1902 7004421540000000000 ♠ 115 years , 150 days Italy 5 Kane Tanaka 2 January 1903 7004419370000000000 ♠ 114 years , 298 days Japan 6 Maria Giuseppa Robucci 20 March 1903 7004418600000000000 ♠ 114 years , 221 days Italy 7 Iso Nakamura 23 April 1903 7004418260000000000 ♠ 114 years , 187 days Japan 8 Tae Ito 11 July 1903 7004417470000000000 ♠ 114 years , 108 days Japan 9 Delphine Gibson 17 August 1903 7004417100000000000 ♠ 114 years , 71 days United States 10 Ila Jones 21 August 1903 7004417060000000000 ♠ 114 years , 67 days United States Men Rank Name Birth date Age as of 27 October 2017 Place of residence Francisco Núñez Olivera 13 December 1904 7004412260000000000 ♠ 112 years , 318 days Spain Masazou Nonaka 25 July 1905 7004410020000000000 ♠ 112 years , 94 days Japan Gustav Gerneth 15 October 1905 7004409200000000000 ♠ 112 years , 12 days Germany Richard Arvin Overton 11 May 1906 7004407120000000000 ♠ 111 years , 169 days United States 5 George Feldman 2 December 1906 7004405070000000000 ♠ 110 years , 329 days United States 6 Tsunahei Ogawa 9 January 1907 7004404690000000000 ♠ 110 years , 291 days Japan 7 Kameo Oya 12 February 1907 7004404350000000000 ♠ 110 years , 257 days Japan 8 Bernie Nenner 4 May 1907 7004403540000000000 ♠ 110 years , 176 days United States 9 Filiberto Puc 22 August 1907 7004402440000000000 ♠ 110 years , 66 days Mexico 10 C.P. Crawford 25 August 1907 7004402410000000000 ♠ 110 years , 63 days United States a ^ Gerneth was born in Stettin , then part of the German Empire ; it is now named Szczecin and located in Poland . Chronological list of the oldest known living person Since 1955 This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group 's list of the World 's Oldest Person Titleholders . As the oldest living person is usually a woman , a sequence of oldest women would be nearly redundant to this list . A sequence of oldest living men follows this sequence . From To Name Sex Age ( s ) when oldest Lifespan Place of death or residence ? 24 October 1955 Betsy Baker ? -- 113 20 August 1842 -- 24 October 1955 113 years , 65 days Nebraska , United States 24 October 1955 16 December 1956 ( 7002419000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 53 days ) Jennie Howell 110 -- 111 11 February 1845 -- 16 December 1956 7004408500000000000 ♠ 111 years , 309 days California , United States 16 December 1956 30 March 1958 ( 7002469000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 104 days ) Anne Marie Carstenson 107 -- 109 24 January 1849 -- 30 March 1958 7004398760000000000 ♠ 109 years , 65 days Nebraska , United States 30 March 1958 17 October 1958 ( 7002201000000000000 ♠ 201 days ) Nancy Ryan 108 -- 109 5 September 1849 -- 17 October 1958 7004398530000000000 ♠ 109 years , 42 days Indiana , United States 5 17 October 1958 7 October 1959 ( 7002355000000000000 ♠ 355 days ) Christina Karnebeek - Backs 109 -- 110 2 October 1849 -- 7 October 1959 7004401810000000000 ♠ 110 years , 5 days Netherlands 6 7 October 1959 24 November 1959 ( 48 days ) Marie Olsen 109 1 May 1850 -- 24 November 1959 7004400180000000000 ♠ 109 years , 207 days Norway 7 24 November 1959 30 December 1964 ( 7003186300000000000 ♠ 5 years , 36 days ) Mary Kelly 108 -- 113 7 June 1851 -- 30 December 1964 7004414790000000000 ♠ 113 years , 206 days California , United States 8 30 December 1964 6 March 1965 ( 66 days ) Elizabeth Kensley 109 12 May 1855 -- 6 March 1965 7004401100000000000 ♠ 109 years , 298 days England , United Kingdom 9 6 March 1965 6 August 1965 ( 153 days ) William Fullingim 109 -- 110 7 July 1855 -- 6 August 1965 7004402070000000000 ♠ 110 years , 30 days Oklahoma , United States 10 6 August 1965 10 January 1966 ( 157 days ) Hannah Smith 109 -- 110 7 January 1856 -- 10 January 1966 7004401800000000000 ♠ 110 years , 3 days England , United Kingdom 11 10 January 1966 21 March 1968 ( 7002801000000000000 ♠ 2 years , 71 days ) John Mosely Turner 109 -- 111 15 June 1856 -- 21 March 1968 111 years , 280 days England , United Kingdom 12 21 March 1968 16 June 1968 ( 87 days ) Johanna Booyson 111 17 January 1857 -- 16 June 1968 111 years , 151 days Transvaal , South Africa 13 16 June 1968 4 May 1969 ( 322 days ) Marie Bernátková 110 -- 111 22 October 1857 -- 4 May 1969 111 years , 194 days Zašová , Czechoslovakia ( now located in the Czech Republic ) 14 4 May 1969 11 January 1970 ( 252 days ) Ada Roe 111 6 February 1858 -- 11 January 1970 111 years , 339 days England , United Kingdom 15 11 January 1970 27 February 1973 ( 7003114300000000000 ♠ 3 years , 47 days ) Josefa Salas 109 -- 112 14 July 1860 -- 27 February 1973 112 years , 228 days Asturias , Spain 16 27 February 1973 18 August 1973 ( 172 days ) Alice Stevenson 111 -- 112 10 July 1861 -- 18 August 1973 112 years , 39 days England , United Kingdom 17 18 August 1973 31 October 1973 ( 74 days ) Elizabeth Watkins 110 10 March 1863 -- 31 October 1973 110 years , 235 days Northern Ireland , United Kingdom 18 31 October 1973 31 May 1975 ( 7002577000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 212 days ) Mito Umeta 110 -- 112 27 March 1863 -- 31 May 1975 112 years , 65 days Kumamoto , Japan 19 31 May 1975 16 November 1976 ( 7002535000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 169 days ) Niwa Kawamoto 111 -- 113 5 August 1863 -- 16 November 1976 113 years , 105 days Shiga , Japan 20 16 November 1976 2 December 1977 ( 7002381000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 16 days ) Sophia DeMuth 110 -- 111 30 June 1866 -- 2 December 1977 111 years , 155 days Nebraska , United States 21 2 December 1977 25 April 1978 ( 144 days ) Marie - Virginie Duhem 111 2 August 1866 -- 25 April 1978 111 years , 266 days Nord - Pas - de-Calais , France 22 25 April 1978 22 January 1981 ( 7003100300000000000 ♠ 2 years , 272 days ) Fannie Thomas 111 -- 113 14 April 1867 -- 22 January 1981 113 years , 283 days California , United States 23 22 January 1981 8 March 1981 ( 45 days ) Augustine Tessier 112 2 January 1869 -- 8 March 1981 112 years , 65 days Languedoc - Roussillon , France 24 8 March 1981 13 November 1982 ( 7002615000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 250 days ) Nellie Spencer 111 -- 113 24 August 1869 -- 13 November 1982 113 years , 81 days New Jersey , United States 25 13 November 1982 13 October 1983 ( 334 days ) Emma Wilson 112 -- 113 12 May 1870 -- 13 October 1983 113 years , 154 days Missouri , United States 26 13 October 1983 16 February 1985 ( 7002492000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 126 days ) Mathew Beard 113 -- 114 9 July 1870 -- 16 February 1985 114 years , 222 days Florida , United States 27 16 February 1985 21 October 1986 ( 7002612000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 247 days ) Augusta Holtz 113 -- 115 3 August 1871 -- 21 October 1986 115 years , 79 days Missouri , United States 28 21 October 1986 2 February 1987 ( 104 days ) Mary McKinney 113 30 May 1873 -- 2 February 1987 113 years , 248 days California , United States 29 2 February 1987 27 December 1987 ( 328 days ) Anna Eliza Williams 113 -- 114 2 June 1873 -- 27 December 1987 114 years , 208 days Wales , United Kingdom 30 27 December 1987 11 January 1988 ( 15 days ) Florence Knapp 114 10 October 1873 -- 11 January 1988 114 years , 93 days Pennsylvania , United States 31 11 January 1988 4 August 1997 ( 7003349300000000000 ♠ 9 years , 205 days ) Jeanne Calment 112 -- 122 21 February 1875 -- 4 August 1997 122 years , 164 days Provence , France 32 4 August 1997 16 April 1998 ( 255 days ) Marie - Louise Meilleur 116 -- 117 29 August 1880 -- 16 April 1998 117 years , 230 days Ontario , Canada 33 16 April 1998 30 December 1999 ( 7002623000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 258 days ) Sarah Knauss 117 -- 119 24 September 1880 -- 30 December 1999 119 years , 97 days Pennsylvania , United States 34 30 December 1999 2 November 2000 ( 308 days ) Eva Morris 114 8 November 1885 -- 2 November 2000 114 years , 360 days England , United Kingdom 35 2 November 2000 6 June 2001 ( 216 days ) Marie Brémont 114 -- 115 25 April 1886 -- 6 June 2001 115 years , 42 days Anjou , France 36 5 June 2001 18 March 2002 ( 286 days ) Maude Farris - Luse 114 -- 115 21 January 1887 -- 18 March 2002 115 years , 56 days Michigan , United States 37 18 March 2002 28 May 2002 ( 71 days ) Grace Clawson 114 15 November 1887 -- 28 May 2002 114 years , 194 days Florida , United States 38 28 May 2002 21 August 2002 ( 85 days ) Adelina Domingues 114 19 February 1888 -- 21 August 2002 114 years , 183 days California , United States 39 21 August 2002 29 December 2002 ( 130 days ) Mae Harrington 113 20 January 1889 -- 29 December 2002 113 years , 343 days New York , United States 40 29 December 2002 28 September 2003 ( 273 days ) Yukichi Chuganji 113 -- 114 23 March 1889 -- 28 September 2003 114 years , 189 days Fukuoka , Japan 41 28 September 2003 13 November 2003 ( 46 days ) Mitoyo Kawate 114 15 May 1889 -- 13 November 2003 114 years , 182 days Hiroshima , Japan 42 13 November 2003 29 May 2004 ( 198 days ) Ramona Trinidad Iglesias - Jordan 114 31 August 1889 -- 29 May 2004 114 years , 272 days United States ( Puerto Rico ) 43 29 May 2004 27 August 2006 ( 7002820000000000000 ♠ 2 years , 90 days ) María Capovilla 114 -- 116 14 September 1889 -- 27 August 2006 116 years , 347 days Guayas , Ecuador 44 27 August 2006 11 December 2006 ( 106 days ) Elizabeth Bolden 116 15 August 1890 -- 11 December 2006 116 years , 118 days Tennessee , United States 45 11 December 2006 24 January 2007 ( 44 days ) Emiliano Mercado del Toro 115 21 August 1891 -- 24 January 2007 115 years , 156 days United States ( Puerto Rico ) 46 24 January 2007 28 January 2007 ( 4 days ) Emma Tillman 114 22 November 1892 -- 28 January 2007 114 years , 67 days Connecticut , United States 47 29 January 2007 13 August 2007 ( 196 days ) Yone Minagawa 114 4 January 1893 -- 13 August 2007 114 years , 221 days Fukuoka , Japan 48 13 August 2007 26 November 2008 ( 7002471000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 105 days ) Edna Parker 114 -- 115 20 April 1893 -- 26 November 2008 115 years , 220 days Indiana , United States 49 26 November 2008 2 January 2009 ( 37 days ) Maria de Jesus 115 10 September 1893 -- 2 January 2009 115 years , 114 days Tomar , Portugal 50 2 January 2009 11 September 2009 ( 252 days ) Gertrude Baines 114 -- 115 6 April 1894 -- 11 September 2009 115 years , 158 days California , United States 51 11 September 2009 2 May 2010 ( 233 days ) Kama Chinen 114 10 May 1895 -- 2 May 2010 114 years , 357 days Okinawa , Japan 52 2 May 2010 4 November 2010 ( 186 days ) Eugénie Blanchard 114 16 February 1896 -- 4 November 2010 114 years , 261 days Saint Barthélemy , France 53 4 November 2010 21 June 2011 ( 229 days ) Maria Gomes Valentim 114 9 July 1896 -- 21 June 2011 114 years , 347 days Minas Gerais , Brazil 54 21 June 2011 4 December 2012 ( 7002532000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 166 days ) Besse Cooper 114 -- 116 26 August 1896 -- 4 December 2012 116 years , 100 days Georgia , United States 55 4 December 2012 17 December 2012 ( 13 days ) Dina Manfredini 115 4 April 1897 -- 17 December 2012 115 years , 257 days Iowa , United States 56 17 December 2012 12 June 2013 ( 177 days ) Jiroemon Kimura 115 -- 116 19 April 1897 -- 12 June 2013 116 years , 54 days Kyoto , Japan 57 12 June 2013 1 April 2015 ( 1 year , 293 days ) Misao Okawa 115 -- 117 5 March 1898 -- 1 April 2015 117 years , 27 days Osaka , Japan 58 31 March 2015 6 April 2015 ( 6 days ) Gertrude Weaver 116 4 July 1898 -- 6 April 2015 116 years , 276 days Arkansas , United States 59 6 April 2015 17 June 2015 ( 72 days ) Jeralean Talley 115 -- 116 23 May 1899 -- 17 June 2015 116 years , 25 days Michigan , United States 60 17 June 2015 12 May 2016 ( 330 days ) Susannah Mushatt Jones 115 -- 116 6 July 1899 -- 12 May 2016 116 years , 311 days New York , United States 61 13 May 2016 15 April 2017 ( 337 days ) Emma Morano 116 -- 117 29 November 1899 -- 15 April 2017 117 years , 137 days Piedmont , Italy 62 15 April 2017 15 September 2017 ( 153 days ) Violet Brown 117 10 March 1900 -- 15 September 2017 117 years , 189 days Trelawny , Jamaica 63 16 September 2017 Present ( 7001410000000000000 ♠ 41 days ) Nabi Tajima 117 * born 4 August 1900 7004428180000000000 ♠ 117 years , 84 days Kagoshima , Japan Chronological list of the oldest living man Since 1973 This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group 's list of the World 's Oldest Man Titleholders . From To Name Age ( s ) when oldest Lifespan Place of death or residence ? 5 May 1973 Friedrich Wedeking ? -- 110 10 October 1862 -- 5 May 1973 110 years , 207 days North Rhine - Westphalia , Germany 5 May 1973 9 March 1974 ( 308 days ) Frederick Butterfield 109 -- 110 28 February 1864 -- 9 March 1974 110 years , 9 days England , United Kingdom 9 March 1974 17 March 1977 ( 7003110400000000000 ♠ 3 years , 8 days ) Jean Teillet 107 -- 110 6 November 1866 -- 17 March 1977 110 years , 131 days Île - de-France , France 17 March 1977 20 August 1978 ( 7002521000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 156 days ) Charlie Nelson 109 -- 110 21 September 1867 -- 20 August 1978 110 years , 333 days Iowa , United States 5 20 August 1978 5 September 1980 ( 7002747000000000000 ♠ 2 years , 16 days ) Charlie Phillips 108 -- 110 5 May 1870 -- 5 September 1980 110 years , 123 days Mississippi , United States 6 5 September 1980 16 February 1985 ( 7003162500000000000 ♠ 4 years , 164 days ) Mathew Beard 110 -- 114 9 July 1870 -- 16 February 1985 114 years , 222 days Florida , United States 7 16 February 1985 14 December 1986 ( 7002666000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 301 days ) Joe Thomas 109 -- 111 1 May 1875 -- 14 December 1986 111 years , 227 days Louisiana , United States 8 14 December 1986 5 January 1987 ( 22 days ) Herman Smith - Johannsen 111 15 June 1875 -- 5 January 1987 111 years , 204 days Vestfold , Norway 9 5 January 1987 25 November 1988 ( 7002690000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 325 days ) Alphaeus Philemon Cole 110 -- 112 12 July 1876 -- 25 November 1988 112 years , 136 days New Jersey , United States 10 25 November 1988 10 June 1990 ( 7002562000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 197 days ) John Evans 111 -- 112 19 August 1877 -- 10 June 1990 112 years , 295 days Wales , United Kingdom 11 10 June 1990 18 June 1990 ( 8 days ) Henri Pérignon 110 14 October 1879 -- 18 June 1990 7004404240000000000 ♠ 110 years , 247 days Normandy , France 12 18 June 1990 16 October 1991 ( 7002485000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 120 days ) James Wiggins 110 -- 112 15 October 1879 -- 16 October 1991 112 years , 1 day Arkansas , United States 13 16 October 1991 14 June 1993 ( 7002607000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 241 days ) Frederick Frazier 111 -- 113 27 January 1880 -- 14 June 1993 113 years , 138 days Alabama , United States 14 14 June 1993 20 January 1994 ( 220 days ) Josep Armengol 111 -- 112 23 July 1881 -- 20 January 1994 112 years , 181 days Catalonia , Spain 15 20 January 1994 25 April 1998 ( 7003155600000000000 ♠ 4 years , 95 days ) Christian Mortensen 111 -- 115 16 August 1882 -- 25 April 1998 115 years , 252 days California , United States 16 25 April 1998 17 July 1998 ( 83 days ) Johnson Parks 113 15 October 1884 -- 17 July 1998 113 years , 275 days Florida , United States 17 17 July 1998 25 December 1998 ( 161 days ) Walter Richardson 112 -- 113 7 November 1885 -- 25 December 1998 113 years , 48 days Illinois , United States 18 25 December 1998 29 April 1999 ( 125 days ) Denzo Ishisaki 112 20 October 1886 -- 29 April 1999 112 years , 191 days Ibaraki , Japan 19 29 April 1999 15 November 1999 ( 200 days ) Antonio Urrea 111 16 February 1888 -- 15 November 1999 111 years , 272 days Catalonia , Spain 20 15 November 1999 1 March 2001 ( 7002472000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 106 days ) John Painter 111 -- 112 20 September 1888 -- 1 March 2001 112 years , 162 days Tennessee , United States 21 1 March 2001 3 January 2002 ( 308 days ) Antonio Todde 112 22 January 1889 -- 3 January 2002 112 years , 346 days Sardinia , Italy 22 3 January 2002 28 September 2003 ( 7002633000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 268 days ) Yukichi Chuganji 112 -- 114 23 March 1889 -- 28 September 2003 114 years , 189 days Fukuoka , Japan 23 28 September 2003 5 March 2004 ( 159 days ) Joan Riudavets 113 -- 114 15 December 1889 -- 5 March 2004 114 years , 81 days Balearic Islands , Spain 24 5 March 2004 19 November 2004 ( 259 days ) Fred H. Hale , Sr . 113 1 December 1890 -- 19 November 2004 113 years , 354 days Maine , United States 25 19 November 2004 24 January 2007 ( 7002796000000000000 ♠ 2 years , 66 days ) Emiliano Mercado del Toro 113 -- 115 21 August 1891 -- 24 January 2007 115 years , 156 days United States ( Puerto Rico ) 26 24 January 2007 19 June 2009 ( 7002877000000000000 ♠ 2 years , 146 days ) Tomoji Tanabe 111 -- 113 18 September 1895 -- 19 June 2009 113 years , 274 days Miyazaki , Japan 27 19 June 2009 18 July 2009 ( 29 days ) Henry Allingham 113 6 June 1896 -- 18 July 2009 113 years , 42 days England , United Kingdom 28 18 July 2009 14 April 2011 ( 7002635000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 270 days ) Walter Breuning 112 -- 114 21 September 1896 -- 14 April 2011 114 years , 205 days Montana , United States 29 15 April 2011 12 June 2013 ( 2 years , 58 days ) Jiroemon Kimura 113 -- 116 19 April 1897 -- 12 June 2013 116 years , 54 days Kyoto , Japan 30 11 June 2013 13 September 2013 ( 94 days ) Salustiano Sanchez 112 8 June 1901 -- 13 September 2013 112 years , 97 days New York , United States 31 13 September 2013 24 April 2014 ( 223 days ) Arturo Licata 111 2 May 1902 -- 24 April 2014 111 years , 357 days Sicily , Italy 32 24 April 2014 8 June 2014 ( 45 days ) Alexander Imich 111 4 February 1903 -- 8 June 2014 111 years , 124 days New York , United States 33 8 June 2014 5 July 2015 ( 1 year , 27 days ) Sakari Momoi 111 -- 112 5 February 1903 -- 5 July 2015 112 years , 150 days Saitama Prefecture , Japan 34 5 July 2015 19 January 2016 ( 7002198000000000000 ♠ 198 days ) Yasutaro Koide 112 13 March 1903 -- 19 January 2016 112 years , 312 days Aichi Prefecture , Japan 35 18 January 2016 11 August 2017 ( 7002571000000000000 ♠ 1 year , 205 days ) Yisrael Kristal 112 -- 113 15 September 1903 -- 11 August 2017 113 years , 330 days Haifa , Israel Oldest verified person by country Main article : List of oldest people by country Notes Jump up ^ Emma Tillman died 28 January 2007 ( EST ) . However , in Fukuoka Prefecture , where Minagawa lived , the date was already 29 January 2007 ( JST ) . Jump up ^ Misao Okawa died 1 April 2015 ( JST ) . However , in Arkansas , where Weaver lived , the date was still 31 March 2015 ( Central Time Zone ) . Jump up ^ Susannah Mushatt Jones died 12 May 2016 8 : 26pm EDT . However , in Italy , where Morano lived , the date was already 13 May 2016 ( CEST ) . Jump up ^ Violet Brown died on 15 September 2017 in Jamaica ( UTC - 5 ) . However , in Japan , where Tajima lives , the date was already 16 September 2017 ( JST ) . Jump up ^ Walter Breuning died 14 April 2011 3 : 30pm ( MDT ) . However , in Kyoto , where Kimura lived , the date was already 15 April 2011 ( JST ) . Jump up ^ Jiroemon Kimura died 12 June 2013 ( JST ) . However , in New York , where Sanchez lived , the date was still 11 June 2013 ( Eastern Time Zone ) . Jump up ^ Yasutaro Koide died 19 January 2016 12 : 17 a.m. JST . However , in Israel , where Kristal lived , the date was still 18 January 2016 ( IST ) . References ^ Jump up to : Whitney , Craig R. ( 5 August 1997 ) . `` Jeanne Calment , World 's Elder , Dies at 122 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2 March 2008 . Jump up ^ Robine , Jean - Marie ; Allard , Michel ( 1999 ) . Jeanne Calment : Validation of the Duration of Her Life . Odense : University Press of Southern Denmark . CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) Jump up ^ Shaw , Michael D. ( 1 December 2008 ) . `` You Say You Want to Live for a Long Time ? '' . Health News Digest . Jump up ^ `` World 's oldest person misses millennium '' . BBC . 31 December 1997 . Retrieved 3 January 2016 . Jump up ^ Maier , Heiner ( 2010 ) . Supercentenarians . Springer . p. 249 . ISBN 3 - 642 - 11519 - 5 . Jump up ^ `` Marie - Louise Meilleur , 117 ; Listed as Oldest Person in World '' . Los Angeles Times . 18 April 1998 . Retrieved 3 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Validated Living Supercentenarians '' . Gerontology Research Group . Jump up ^ `` World 's oldest woman dies at 116 '' . BBC . 28 August 2006 . Retrieved 3 January 2016 . Jump up ^ `` World 's oldest man ever passes away aged 116 '' . Guinness World Records . 12 June 2013 . Retrieved 3 January 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Table M - World 's Oldest Men ( WOM ) Titleholders Since 1973 '' . grg.org. 14 March 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Walter Breuning , world 's oldest man , dies in Montana at age 114 Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` ' ' World 's oldest man dies aged 114 ' ' , BBC News , 29 September 2003 . '' . BBC News . 2003 - 09 - 29 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` Joan Riudavets - Moll , 114 ; World 's Oldest Man '' . LA Times . 8 March 2004 . Retrieved 29 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ' ' World 's oldest man dies aged 113 ' ' , BBC News , 20 November 2004 . '' . BBC News . 2003 - 09 - 29 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 29 . Jump up ^ `` Guinness : Holocaust survivor , 112 , named world 's oldest man '' . CBS News , 11 March 2016 Jump up ^ `` 112 - year - old Spaniard claims title of world 's oldest man '' . thelocal.es. 28 August 2017 . Retrieved 27 September 2017 Jump up ^ `` Deutschlands wohl ältester Mann feiert 112 . Geburtstag '' . wn.de. 15 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Jump up ^ Lauren Reid ( 2017 - 08 - 10 ) . `` Richard Overton taken to hospital for pneumonia '' . FOX 7 . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Cubs win ? Seen it before ... '' . November 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Nagasaki Prefecture News Jump up ^ 支 局長 , 作成 者 ( 13 February 2017 ) . `` 110 歳 の 誕生 日 に '' . saikishikyokuchou.jp . Retrieved 12 August 2017 . Jump up ^ http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/fl-br-bernard-nenner-110-birthday-20170507-story.html Jump up ^ http://yucatanahora.com/noticias/longevo-yucateco-llega-sus-110-anos-gracias-huevo-abotonado-chocomilk-71507/ Jump up ^ http://abc7chicago.com/community-events/lansing-man-turns-110-years-old/2341769/ Jump up ^ `` Table C - World 's Oldest Person ( WOP ) Titleholders Since 1955 '' . grg.org . Retrieved 11 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ústav pro českou literaturu '' , Rudé právo , Prague , p. 2 , 6 May 1969 Longevity Terminology Centenarian Super Cognitive epidemiology Elderly Life expectancy Life extension Maximum life span Old age Immortality Ageless Biological immortality Digital immortality Eternal youth Issues Anti-aging movement Longevity claims Longevity escape velocity Longevity insurance Longevity myths Longevity risk Living and Notable centenarians ( over age 100 ) By career Activists , non-profit leaders , and philanthropists Actors , filmmakers , and entertainers Artists Authors , poets , and journalists Businesspeople Educators , school administrators , social scientists , and linguists Explorers Jurists and practitioners of law Medical professionals Military commanders Musicians , composers , and music patrons Philosophers and theologians Politicians and civil servants Religious figures Royalty and nobility Scientists and mathematicians Sportspeople Miscellaneous Supercentenarians ( over age 110 ) By continent Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America By country Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom United States Oldest people List of oldest living people List of the verified oldest people men women Miscellaneous Last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars European American Canadian Last surviving World War I veterans by country Surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War List of notable surviving veterans of World War II Last survivors of historic events Oldest twins Longest marriages List of longest - reigning monarchs See also Ageing Biodemography of human longevity Earliest known life forms FOXO3 longevity gene Gerontology Immortality in fiction Life extension - related topics Senescence Records World record Category : World records Guinness World Records Limca Book of Records Unique World Records Asia Book of Records People Heaviest Oldest Tallest Shortest Sporting records Chess Cricket Test One Day International Twenty20 International Cycling FIBA Basketball World Cup records FIFA World Cup records Formula One motorsport constructors drivers Juggling World Rally Championship Speed skating Figure skating Swimming Athletics : World records progressions Olympic records National records In Australia : List of NRL records List of AFL records In the US : NBA Regular season Post-season NFL individual team NHL individual team MLB MLS Track and field In India : ISL records National records Japan Palestinian territories Philippines Motion records Speed Air Transcontinental Land speed record Railed Production car Special motorcycle Production motorcycle Wheel - driven British Water speed record Underwater Sailing Sound barrier Speed of light Distance Flight distance record Flight altitude record Ocean depth record Flight endurance record Boundary of space Other Spaceflight records FAI records Man - made objects Tallest structures Category on tallest structures Physical phenomena Solar System Extremes Extremes on Earth Extreme points of Earth List of weather records Organisms List of longest - living organisms Smallest organisms Largest organisms Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oldest_people&oldid=807315030 '' Categories : Gerontology Supercentenarians Lists of oldest people Biological records Record progressions Ageing Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users Use dmy dates from December 2012 Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Кыргызча Nederlands Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 October 2017 , at 05 : 52 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is the oldest person who has ever lived | ["According to this criterion, the longest human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. She met Vincent van Gogh when she was 12 or 13.[1] She received news media attention in 1985, after turning 110. Subsequent investigation found documentation for Calment's age, beyond any reasonable question, in the records of her native city, Arles, France.[2] More evidence of Calment's lifespan has been produced than for any other supercentenarian; her case serves as an archetype in the methodology for verifying the ages of the world's oldest people.[3]"] | ['Jeanne Calment'] | According to this criterion, the longest human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. She met Vincent van Gogh when she was 12 or 13.[1] She received news media attention in 1985, after turning 110. Subsequent investigation found documentation for Calment's age, beyond any reasonable question, in the records of her native city, Arles, France.[2] More evidence of Calment's lifespan has been produced than for any other supercentenarian; her case serves as an archetype in the methodology for verifying the ages of the world's oldest people.[3] |
[question]: Who holds the record for the longest human lifespan?
[answer]: Jeanne Calment of France holds the record for the longest human lifespan, having lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. | Who holds the record for the longest human lifespan? | Jeanne Calment of France holds the record for the longest human lifespan, having lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. | 1 | 7.508387 | 22 | 98 | 1 |
3,999 | -3,642,501,235,579,480,600 | First Battle of Bull Run | First battle of Bull Run - wikipedia First battle of Bull Run This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 30 May 2018 . Jump to : navigation , search First Battle of Bull Run First Battle of Manassas Part of the American Civil War First Battle of Bull Run . Chromolithograph by Kurz & Allison , 1889 Date July 21 , 1861 ( 1861 - 07 - 21 ) Location Fairfax County and Prince William County , Virginia 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Coordinates : 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Result Decisive Confederate victory Belligerents United States ( Union ) Confederate States ( Confederacy ) Commanders and leaders Political leaders : Abraham Lincoln Military commanders : Winfield Scott Irvin McDowell Robert Patterson Political leaders : Jefferson Davis Military commanders : P.G.T. Beauregard Thomas `` Stonewall '' Jackson ( WIA ) Joseph E. Johnston Units involved Department of Northeastern Virginia : Army of Northeastern Virginia Department of Pennsylvania : Patterson 's Command ( not engaged ) Army of the Potomac Army of the Shenandoah Strength Army of Northeastern Virginia : 35,732 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Patterson 's Command : 14 -- 18,000 ( not engaged ) 32,000 -- 34,000 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Casualties and losses 2,708 ( 481 killed ; 1,011 wounded ; 1,216 missing ) 1,982 ( 387 killed ; 1,582 wounded ; 13 missing ) Manassas Campaign Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Arlington Mills Vienna , Virginia Hoke 's Run Blackburn 's Ford 1st Bull Run Virginia ( 1861 ) Northeastern Virginia ( 1861 ) The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the First Battle of Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west - southwest of Washington , D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces . Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring an early end to the rebellion . Yielding to political pressure , Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction . McDowell 's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed by his officers and men ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning to attack the Union left flank , found themselves at an initial disadvantage . Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad , and the course of the battle quickly changed . A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute , Thomas J. Jackson , stood its ground , which resulted in Jackson receiving his famous nickname , `` Stonewall '' . The Confederates launched a strong counterattack , and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire , many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout . McDowell 's men frantically ran without order in the direction of Washington , D.C. Both armies were sobered by the fierce fighting and many casualties , and realized that the war was going to be much longer and bloodier than either had anticipated . The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war . Units were committed piecemeal , attacks were frontal , infantry failed to protect exposed artillery , tactical intelligence was nil , and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively . McDowell , with 35,000 men , was only able to commit about 18,000 , and the combined Confederate forces , with about 32,000 men , committed only 18,000 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Military and political situation 1.2 Irvin McDowell 1.3 Intelligence 1.4 McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign 1.5 Prelude to battle 2 Opposing forces 2.1 Union 2.2 Confederate 3 Battle 3.1 Morning phase 3.1. 1 Matthews Hill 3.2 Noon phase 3.2. 1 Henry House Hill 3.3 Union retreat 4 Aftermath 4.1 Brief observations 4.2 Detailed casualties 4.2. 1 Union 4.2. 2 Confederate 4.3 Effect on the Union and subsequent events 4.4 Effect on the Confederacy 4.5 Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War 4.6 `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' 4.7 Confusion between the battle flags 4.8 Conclusions 5 Additional battle maps 5.1 Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour 6 In popular culture 7 Sesquicentennial 8 Battlefield preservation 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Memoirs and primary sources 12 Further reading 13 External links Background ( edit ) Military and political situation ( edit ) Main article : Manassas Campaign Further information : Origins of the American Civil War ; Battle of Fort Sumter ; Western Virginia Campaign ; Border states ( American Civil War ) ; President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers ; Eastern Theater of the American Civil War ; and American Civil War Opposing political leaders Pres . Abraham Lincoln , USA Pres . Jefferson Davis , CSA Northern Virginia Theater in July 1861 Confederate Union Further map details , see : Additional Map 1 and Additional Map 2 . On April 15 , 1861 , the day after South Carolina military forces attacked and captured Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor , President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring an insurrection against the laws of the United States . Earlier , South Carolina and seven other Southern states had declared their secession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America . To suppress the rebellion and restore Federal law in the Southern states , Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers with ninety - day enlistments to augment the existing U.S. Army of about 15,000 . He later accepted an additional 40,000 volunteers with three - year enlistments and increased the strength of the U.S. Army to almost 20,000 . Lincoln 's actions caused four more Southern states , including Virginia , to secede and join the Confederacy , and by 1 June the Confederate capital had been moved from Montgomery , Alabama , to Richmond , Virginia . In Washington , D.C. , as thousands of volunteers rushed to defend the capital , General in Chief Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott laid out his strategy to subdue the rebellious states . He proposed that an army of 80,000 men be organized and sail down the Mississippi River and capture New Orleans . While the Army `` strangled '' the Confederacy in the west , the U.S. Navy would blockade Southern ports along the eastern and Gulf coasts . The press ridiculed what they dubbed as Scott 's `` Anaconda Plan '' . Instead , many believed the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond , only one hundred miles south of Washington , would quickly end the war . By July 1861 thousands of volunteers were camped in and around Washington . Since General Scott was seventy - five years old and physically unable to lead this force , the administration searched for a more suitable field commander . Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott , General in Chief , USA Cartoon map illustrating Gen. Winfield Scott 's plan to crush the Confederacy , economically . It is sometimes called the `` Anaconda plan '' . Irvin McDowell ( edit ) Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase championed fellow Ohioan , 42 - year - old Maj . Irvin McDowell . Although McDowell was a West Point graduate , his command experience was limited . In fact , he had spent most of his career engaged in various staff duties in the Adjutant General 's Office . While stationed in Washington he had become acquainted with Chase , a former Ohio governor and senator . Now , through Chase 's influence , McDowell was promoted three grades to brigadier general in the Regular Army and on 27 May was assigned command ( by President Abraham Lincoln ) of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , which included the military forces in and around Washington ( Army of Northeastern Virginia ) . McDowell immediately began organizing what became known as the Army of Northeastern Virginia , 35,000 men arranged in five divisions . Under public and political pressure to begin offensive operations , McDowell was given very little time to train the newly inducted troops . Units were instructed in the maneuvering of regiments , but they received little or no training at the brigade or division level . He was reassured by President Lincoln , `` You are green , it is true , but they are green also ; you are all green alike . '' Against his better judgment , McDowell commenced campaigning . Intelligence ( edit ) During the previous year , U.S. Army captain Thomas Jordan set up a pro-Southern spy network in Washington City , including Rose O'Neal Greenhow , a prominent socialite with a wide range of contacts . He provided her with a code for messages . After he left to join the Confederate Army , he gave her control of his network but continued to receive reports from her . On July 9 and 16 , 1861 , Greenhow passed secret messages to Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard containing critical information regarding military movements for what would be the First Battle of Bull Run , including the plans of Union general McDowell . McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign ( edit ) On July 16 , 1861 , McDowell departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent , about 35,000 men ( 28,452 effectives ) . McDowell 's plan was to move westward in three columns and make a diversionary attack on the Confederate line at Bull Run with two columns , while the third column moved around the Confederates ' right flank to the south , cutting the railroad to Richmond and threatening the rear of the Confederate army . He assumed that the Confederates would be forced to abandon Manassas Junction and fall back to the Rappahannock River , the next defensible line in Virginia , which would relieve some of the pressure on the U.S. capital . McDowell had hoped to have his army at Centreville by 17 July , but the troops , unaccustomed to marching , moved in starts and stops . Along the route soldiers often broke ranks to wander off to pick apples or blackberries or to get water , regardless of the orders of their officers to remain in ranks . The Confederate Army of the Potomac ( 21,883 effectives ) under Beauregard was encamped near Manassas Junction , approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) from the United States capital . McDowell planned to attack this numerically inferior enemy army . Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson 's 18,000 men engaged Johnston 's force ( the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives , augmented by Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes 's brigade of 1,465 ) in the Shenandoah Valley , preventing them from reinforcing Beauregard . Movements July 16 -- 21 , 1861 Situation July 18 Battlefield of Manassas After two days of marching slowly in the sweltering heat , the Union army was allowed to rest in Centreville . McDowell reduced the size of his army to approximately 31,000 by dispatching Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon with 5,000 troops to protect the army 's rear . In the meantime , McDowell searched for a way to outflank Beauregard , who had drawn up his lines along Bull Run . On July 18 , the Union commander sent a division under Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler to pass on the Confederate right ( southeast ) flank. Tyler was drawn into a skirmish at Blackburn 's Ford over Bull Run and made no headway . Also on the morning of 18 July Johnston had received a telegram suggesting he go to Beauregard 's assistance if possible . Johnston marched out of Winchester about noon , while Stuart 's cavalry screened the movement from Patterson . Patterson was completely deceived . One hour after Johnston 's departure Patterson telegraphed Washington , `` I have succeeded , in accordance with the wishes of the General - in - Chief , in keeping General Johnston 's force at Winchester . '' For the maneuver to be successful McDowell felt he needed to act quickly . He had already begun to hear rumors that Johnston had slipped out of the valley and was headed for Manassas Junction . If the rumors were true , McDowell might soon be facing 34,000 Confederates , instead of 22,000 . Another reason for quick action was McDowell 's concern that the ninety - day enlistments of many of his regiments were about to expire . `` In a few days I will lose many thousands of the best of this force '' , he wrote Washington on the eve of battle . In fact , the next morning two units of McDowell 's command , their enlistments expiring that day , would turn a deaf ear to McDowell 's appeal to stay a few days longer . Instead , to the sounds of battle , they would march back to Washington to be mustered out of service . Becoming more frustrated , McDowell resolved to attack the Confederate left ( northwest ) flank instead . He planned to attack with Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler 's division at the Stone Bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike and send the divisions of Brig . Gens . David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman over Sudley Springs Ford . From here , these divisions could march into the Confederate rear . The brigade of Col. Israel B. Richardson ( Tyler 's Division ) would harass the enemy at Blackburn 's Ford , preventing them from thwarting the main attack . Patterson would tie down Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley so that reinforcements could not reach the area . Although McDowell had arrived at a theoretically sound plan , it had a number of flaws : it was one that required synchronized execution of troop movements and attacks , skills that had not been developed in the nascent army ; it relied on actions by Patterson that he had already failed to take ; finally , McDowell had delayed long enough that Johnston 's Valley force was able to board trains at Piedmont Station and rush to Manassas Junction to reinforce Beauregard 's men . Prelude to battle ( edit ) On July 19 -- 20 , significant reinforcements bolstered the Confederate lines behind Bull Run . Johnston arrived with all of his army , except for the troops of Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith , who were still in transit . Most of the new arrivals were posted in the vicinity of Blackburn 's Ford , and Beauregard 's plan was to attack from there to the north toward Centreville . Johnston , the senior officer , approved the plan . If both of the armies had been able to execute their plans simultaneously , it would have resulted in a mutual counterclockwise movement as they attacked each other 's left flank . McDowell was getting contradictory information from his intelligence agents , so he called for the balloon Enterprise , which was being demonstrated by Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe in Washington , to perform aerial reconnaissance . Opposing forces ( edit ) Union ( edit ) Further information : Union order of battle Key Union commanders Brig. Gen . Irvin McDowell , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( Commanding ) , USA Brig. Gen . Daniel Tyler , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 1st Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . David Hunter , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 2nd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Samuel P. Heintzelman , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 3rd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Theodore Runyon , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 4th Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Dixon S. Miles , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 5th Div . ) USA Maj. Gen . Robert Patterson , Patterson 's Command , USA McDowell 's Army of Northeastern Virginia was organized into five infantry divisions of three to five brigades each . Each brigade contained three to five infantry regiments . An artillery battery was generally assigned to each brigade . The total number of Union troops present at the Battle of First Bull Run was about 35,000 , although only about 18,000 were actually engaged . The Union army was organized as follows : 1st Division of Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler the largest in the army , contained four brigades , led by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck , Col. Erasmus Keyes , Col. William T. Sherman , and Col. Israel B. Richardson ; 2nd Division of Col. David Hunter of two brigades . These were led by Cols . Andrew Porter and Ambrose E. Burnside ; 3rd Division of Col. Samuel P. Heintzelman included 3 brigades , led by Cols . William B. Franklin , Orlando B. Willcox , and Oliver O. Howard ; 4th Division of Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon without brigade organization and not engaged , contained seven regiments of New Jersey and one regiment of New York volunteer infantries ; 5th Division of Col. Dixon S. Miles included 2 brigades , commanded by Cols . Louis Blenker and Thomas A. Davies ; While McDowell organized the Army of Northeastern Virginia , a smaller Union command was organized and stationed northwest of Washington , near Harper 's Ferry . Commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson , 18,000 men of the Department of Pennsylvania protected against a Confederate incursion from the Shenandoah Valley . Abstract from the returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Commands Present For duty Total Aggregate Officers Men General staff 19 21 First ( Tyler 's ) Division 569 12,226 9,494 9,936 Second ( Hunter 's ) Division 121 2,364 2,525 2,648 Third ( Heintzelman 's ) Division 382 8,680 9,385 9,777 Fourth ( Runyon 's ) Division 247 5,201 5,502 5,752 Fifth ( Miles ' ) Division 289 5,884 5,917 6,207 Twenty - first New York Volunteers 37 684 707 745 Twenty - fifth New York Militia 39 519 534 573 Second United States Cavalry , Company E 56 63 73 Total 1,707 35,614 34,127 35,732 Abstract from return of the Department of Pennsylvania , commanded by Major - General Patterson , June 28 , 1861 . PATTERSON 'S COMMAND Commanding officer Troops Present for duty Infantry Cavalry Artillery Officers Men Officers Men Officers Men Bvt . Maj. Gen. Geo . Cadwalader First division 322 6,637 11 307 7 251 Maj. Gen. W.H. Keim Second division 322 6,410 74 Total 644 13,047 14 381 7 251 Aggregate present for duty Infantry 13,691 Cavalry 395 Artillery 258 Total 14,344 Confederate ( edit ) Further information : Confederate order of battle Key Confederate commanders Brig. Gen . P.G.T. Beauregard , CSA Army of the Potomac Brig. Gen . Joseph E. Johnston , CSA Army of the Shenandoah , ( Commanding ) Joseph E. Johnston 's forces was organized as follows : The Army of the Potomac ( Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard ) was organized into six infantry brigades , with each brigade containing three to six infantry regiments . Artillery batteries were assigned to various infantry brigades . The total number of troops in the Confederate Army of the Potomac was approximately 22,000 . Beauregard 's army also contained thirty - nine pieces of field artillery and a regiment of Virginia cavalry . The Army of the Potomac was organized into seven infantry brigades . These were : 1st Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Milledge Luke Bonham ; 2nd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell ; 3rd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. David R. Jones ; 4th Brigade , under Brig. Gen. James Longstreet ; 5th Brigade , under Col. Philip St. George Cocke ; 6th Brigade , under Col. Jubal Early ; 7th Brigade , under Col. Nathan G. Evans . Reserve Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes The Army of the Shenandoah ( Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston ) was also organized into brigades . It consisted of four brigades of three to five infantry regiments each , which totaled approximately 12,000 men . Each brigade was assigned one artillery battery . In addition to the infantry , there were twenty pieces of artillery and about 300 Virginia cavalrymen under Col. J.E.B. Stuart . Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000 , only about 18,000 were actually engaged at First Bull Run . The Army of the Shenandoah consisted of four infantry brigades : 1st Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson ; 2nd Brigade , commanded by Col. Francis S. Bartow ; 3rd Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Barnard E. Bee ; 4th Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith . Abstract front field return , First Corps ( Army of the Potomac ) , July 21 , 1861 . ( Dated September 25 , 1861 . ) ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Commands . General and Staff Officers Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers Men . Officers Men . Officers Men . First Brigade 211 4,070 Second Brigade 133 2,307 Third Brigade 128 1,989 Fourth Brigade 160 2,364 Fifth Brigade 208 8,065 Sixth Brigade 261 2,356 Seventh Louisiana 44 773 Eighth Louisiana 43 803 Hampton Legion 27 627 Thirteenth Virginia 34 642 Harrison 's Battalion ( three companies ) 13 196 Troops ( ten ) of cavalry 38 545 Washington ( Louisiana ) Artillery 19 201 Kemper 's battery 76 Latham 's battery 86 Loudoun Battery 55 Shield 's battery 82 Camp Pickens ( heavy artillery ) 18 275 Total 22 1,215 18,354 85 1,383 51 775 Aggregates : Infantry 19,569 Cavalry 1,468 Artillery 826 21,863 Abstract from monthly report of Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston 's division , or Army of the Shenandoah ( C.S.A. ) , for June 30 , 1861 . ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH Commanding officer . Troops . PRESENT FOR DUTY . Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Colonel Jackson First brigade 128 2,043 81 Col. F.S. Bartow Second brigade 155 2,391 59 Brigadier - General Bee Third brigade 161 2,629 78 Col. A. Elzey Fourth brigade 156 2,106 45 Col. J.E.B. Stuart First Virginia Cavalry 21 313 Col. A.C. Cummings Virginia Volunteers 14 227 Total 614 9,396 21 313 15 263 Aggregate present for duty . General staff 32 Infantry 10,010 Cavalry 334 Artillery 278 10,654 Battle ( edit ) Morning phase ( edit ) Matthews Hill ( edit ) Situation morning , July 21 Situation at 05 : 30 -- 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) On the morning of July 21 , 1861 , McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ( about 12,000 men ) from Centreville at 2 : 30 a.m. , marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs . Tyler 's division ( about 8,000 ) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge . The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems . Tyler 's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike . The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate , little more than a cart path in some places , and did not begin fording Bull Run until 9 : 30 a.m. Tyler 's men reached the Stone Bridge around 6 a.m. At 5 : 15 a.m. , Richardson 's brigade fired a few artillery rounds across Mitchell 's Ford on the Confederate right , some of which hit Beauregard 's headquarters in the Wilmer McLean house as he was eating breakfast , alerting him to the fact that his offensive battle plan had been preempted . Nevertheless , he ordered demonstration attacks north toward the Union left at Centreville . Bungled orders and poor communications prevented their execution . Although he intended for Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell to lead the attack , Ewell , at Union Mills Ford , was simply ordered to `` hold ... in readiness to advance at a moment 's notice '' . Brig. Gen. D.R. Jones was supposed to attack in support of Ewell , but found himself moving forward alone . Holmes was also supposed to support , but received no orders at all . U.S. cavalry at Sudley Spring Ford An 1862 illustration of a Confederate officer forcing slaves to fire a cannon at U.S. forces at gunpoint . According to John Parker , a former slave , he was forced by his Confederate captors to fire a cannon at U.S. soldiers at the Battle of Bull Run . All that stood in the path of the 20,000 Union soldiers converging on the Confederate left flank were Col. Nathan `` Shanks '' Evans and his reduced brigade of 1,100 men . Evans had moved some of his men to intercept the direct threat from Tyler at the bridge , but he began to suspect that the weak attacks from the Union brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck were merely feints . He was informed of the main Union flanking movement through Sudley Springs by Captain Edward Porter Alexander , Beauregard 's signal officer , observing from 8 miles ( 13 km ) southwest on Signal Hill . In the first use of wig - wag semaphore signaling in combat , Alexander sent the message `` Look out for your left , your position is turned . '' Evans hastily led 900 of his men from their position fronting the Stone Bridge to a new location on the slopes of Matthews Hill , a low rise to the northwest of his previous position . The Confederate delaying action on Matthews Hill included a spoiling attack launched by Major Roberdeau Wheat 's 1st Louisiana Special Battalion , `` Wheat 's Tigers '' . After Wheat 's command was thrown back , and Wheat seriously wounded , Evans received reinforcement from two other brigades under Brig. Gen. Barnard Bee and Col. Francis S. Bartow , bringing the force on the flank to 2,800 men . They successfully slowed Hunter 's lead brigade ( Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside ) in its attempts to ford Bull Run and advance across Young 's Branch , at the northern end of Henry House Hill . One of Tyler 's brigade commanders , Col. William Tecumseh Sherman , crossed at an unguarded ford and struck the right flank of the Confederate defenders . This surprise attack , coupled with pressure from Burnside and Maj . George Sykes , collapsed the Confederate line shortly after 11 : 30 a.m. , sending them in a disorderly retreat to Henry House Hill . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 4 , Additional Map 5 , Additional Map 6 and Additional Map 7 . ) Noon phase ( edit ) Henry House Hill ( edit ) As they retreated from their Matthews Hill position , the remainder of Evans 's , Bee 's , and Bartow 's commands received some cover from Capt . John D. Imboden and his battery of four 6 - pounder guns , who held off the Union advance while the Confederates attempted to regroup on Henry House Hill . They were met by generals Johnston and Beauregard , who had just arrived from Johnston 's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm , `` Portici '' . Fortunately for the Confederates , McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately , choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts . James B. Ricketts ( Battery I , 1st U.S. Artillery ) and Charles Griffin ( Battery D , 5th U.S. ) from Dogan 's Ridge . Attacks on Henry House Hill , noon -- 2 p.m Union retreat , after 4 p.m. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson 's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon , accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton 's Legion , and Col. J.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry . The Hampton Legion , some 600 men strong , managed to buy Jackson time to construct a defensive line on Henry House Hill by firing repeated volleys at Sherman 's advancing brigade . Hampton had purchased about 400 British Enfield rifles to equip the men with , however it is not clear if his troops had them at Bull Run or if the weapons arrived after the battle . If so , they would have been the only foreign - made weapons on the field . The 79th New York was thoroughly decimated by Hampton 's musket fire and began to disintegrate . Wade Hampton gestured towards their colonel , James Cameron , and remarked `` Look at that brave officer trying to lead his men and they wo n't follow him . '' Shortly afterwards , Cameron , the brother of US Senator Simon Cameron , was fatally wounded . It has been claimed that Hampton deliberately targeted officers of the 79th New York in revenge for the death of his nephew earlier in the day , although he had in fact been killed by soldiers of the 69th New York . Jackson posted his five regiments on the reverse slope of the hill , where they were shielded from direct fire , and was able to assemble 13 guns for the defensive line , which he posted on the crest of the hill ; as the guns fired , their recoil moved them down the reverse slope , where they could be safely reloaded . Meanwhile , McDowell ordered the batteries of Ricketts and Griffin to move from Dogan 's Ridge to the hill for close infantry support . Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across 300 yards ( 270 m ) against Jackson 's 13 . Unlike many engagements in the Civil War , here the Confederate artillery had an advantage . The Union pieces were now within range of the Confederate smoothbores and the predominantly rifled pieces on the Union side were not effective weapons at such close ranges , with many shots fired over the head of their targets . Ruins of Judith Henry 's house , `` Spring Hill '' , after the battle Postwar house on site of Judith Henry house in Manassas Judith Henry grave One of the casualties of the artillery fire was Judith Carter Henry , an 85 - year - old widow and invalid , who was unable to leave her bedroom in the Henry House . As Ricketts began receiving rifle fire , he concluded that it was coming from the Henry House and turned his guns on the building . A shell that crashed through the bedroom wall tore off one of the widow 's feet and inflicted multiple injuries , from which she died later that day . `` The Enemy are driving us '' , Bee exclaimed to Jackson . Jackson , a former U.S. Army officer and professor at the Virginia Military Institute , is said to have replied , `` Then , Sir , we will give them the bayonet . '' Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting , `` There is Jackson standing like a stone wall . Let us determine to die here , and we will conquer . Rally behind the Virginians . '' This exclamation was the source for Jackson 's ( and his brigade 's ) nickname , `` Stonewall '' . Bee was shot through the stomach shortly after speaking and died the next day , thus it is unclear exactly what he meant , moreover none of his subordinates wrote reports of the battle . Col. States Rights Gist , serving as Bee 's aide - de-camp , took command of the brigade . Major Burnett Rhett , chief of staff to General Johnston , claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson 's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee 's and Bartow 's brigades while they were under heavy pressure . Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee 's statement was meant to be pejorative : `` Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall ! '' Artillery commander Griffin decided to move two of his guns to the southern end of his line , hoping to provide enfilade fire against the Confederates . At approximately 3 p.m. , these guns were overrun by the 33rd Virginia , whose men were outfitted in blue uniforms , causing Griffin 's commander , Maj . William F. Barry , to mistake them for Union troops and to order Griffin not to fire on them . Close range volleys from the 33rd Virginia and Stuart 's cavalry attack against the flank of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Ellsworth 's Fire Zouaves ) , which was supporting the battery , killed many of the gunners and scattered the infantry . Capitalizing on this success , Jackson ordered two regiments to charge Ricketts 's guns and they were captured as well . As additional Federal infantry engaged , the guns changed hands several times . Capture of Ricketts ' Battery , painting by Sidney E. King , National Park Service The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle . Although McDowell had brought 15 regiments into the fight on the hill , outnumbering the Confederates two to one , no more than two were ever engaged simultaneously . Jackson continued to press his attacks , telling soldiers of the 4th Virginia Infantry , `` Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards ! Then fire and give them the bayonet ! And when you charge , yell like furies ! '' For the first time , Union troops heard the disturbing sound of the Rebel yell . At about 4 p.m. , the last Union troops were pushed off Henry House Hill by a charge of two regiments from Col. Philip St. George Cocke 's brigade . To the west , Chinn Ridge had been occupied by Col. Oliver Otis Howard 's brigade from Heintzelman 's division . Also at 4 p.m. , two Confederate brigades - Col. Jubal Early 's , which had moved from the Confederate right , and Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith 's ( commanded by Col. Arnold Elzey after Smith was wounded ) , which had just arrived from the Shenandoah Valley -- crushed Howard 's brigade . Beauregard ordered his entire line forward . At 5 p.m. everywhere McDowell 's army was disintegrating . Thousands , in large and small groups or as individuals , began to leave the battlefield and head for Centreville . McDowell rode around the field trying to rally regiments and groups of soldiers , but most had had enough . Unable to stop the mass exodus , McDowell gave orders for Porter 's regular infantry battalion , near the intersection of the turnpike and Manassas - Sudley Road , to act as a rear guard as his army withdrew . The unit briefly held the crossroads , then retreated eastward with the rest of the army . McDowell 's force crumbled and began to retreat . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 8 , Additional Map 9 , Additional Map 10 , Additional Map 11 and Additional Map 12 . ) Union retreat ( edit ) The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings , but it was poorly managed by the Union officers . A Union wagon was overturned by artillery fire on a bridge spanning Cub Run Creek and incited panic in McDowell 's force . As the soldiers streamed uncontrollably toward Centreville , discarding their arms and equipment , McDowell ordered Col. Dixon S. Miles 's division to act as a rear guard , but it was impossible to rally the army short of Washington . In the disorder that followed , hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner . Wagons and artillery were abandoned , including the 30 - pounder Parrott rifle , which had opened the battle with such fanfare . Expecting an easy Union victory , the wealthy elite of nearby Washington , including congressmen and their families , had come to picnic and watch the battle . When the Union army was driven back in a running disorder , the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages . Since their combined army had been left highly disorganized as well , Beauregard and Johnston did not fully press their advantage , despite urging from Confederate President Jefferson Davis , who had arrived on the battlefield to see the Union soldiers retreating . An attempt by Johnston to intercept the Union troops from his right flank , using the brigades of Brig . Gens . Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet , was a failure . The two commanders squabbled with each other and when Bonham 's men received some artillery fire from the Union rear guard , and found that Richardson 's brigade blocked the road to Centreville , he called off the pursuit . In Washington President Lincoln and members of the cabinet waited for news of a Union victory . Instead , a telegram arrived stating `` General McDowell 's army in full retreat through Centreville . The day is lost . Save Washington and the remnants of this army . '' The tidings were happier in the Confederate capital . From the battlefield President Davis telegraphed Richmond , `` We have won a glorious but dear - bought victory . Night closed on the enemy in full flight and closely pursued . '' Aftermath ( edit ) Brief observations ( edit ) First Bull Run was a clash between relatively large , ill - trained bodies of recruits , led by inexperienced officers . Neither army commander was able to deploy his forces effectively ; although nearly 60,000 men were present at the battle , only 18,000 had actually been engaged . Although McDowell had been active on the battlefield , he had expended most of his energy maneuvering nearby regiments and brigades , instead of controlling and coordinating the movements of his army as a whole . Other factors contributed to McDowell 's defeat : Patterson 's failure to hold Johnston in the valley ; McDowell 's two - day delay at Centreville ; allowing Tyler 's division to lead the march on 21 July thus delaying the flanking divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ; and the 2 1 / 2 - hour delay after the Union victory on Matthews ' Hill , which allowed the Confederates to bring up reinforcements and establish a defensive position on Henry Hill . On Henry Hill Beauregard had also limited his control to the regimental level , generally allowing the battle to continue on its own and only reacting to Union moves . Johnston 's decision to transport his infantry to the battlefield by rail played a major role in the Confederate victory . Although the trains were slow and a lack of sufficient cars did not allow the transport of large numbers of troops at one time , almost all of his army arrived in time to participate in the battle . After reaching Manassas Junction , Johnston had relinquished command of the battlefield to Beauregard , but his forwarding of reinforcements to the scene of fighting was decisive . Jackson and Bee 's brigades had done the largest share of fighting in the battle ; Jackson 's brigade had fought almost alone for four hours and sustained over 50 % casualties . Detailed casualties ( edit ) Bull Run was the largest and bloodiest battle in United States history up to that point . Union casualties were 460 killed , 1,124 wounded , and 1,312 missing or captured ; Confederate casualties were 387 killed , 1,582 wounded , and 13 missing . Among the Union dead was Col. James Cameron , brother of President Lincoln 's first Secretary of War , Simon Cameron . Among the Confederate casualties was Col. Francis S. Bartow , who was the first Confederate brigade commander to be killed in the Civil War . General Bee was mortally wounded and died the following day . Compared to later battles , casualties at First Bull Run had not been especially heavy . Both Union and Confederate killed , wounded , and missing were a little over one thousand seven hundred each . Two Confederate brigade commanders , Jackson and Edmund Kirby - Smith , were wounded in the battle . No Union officers above the regimental level were killed ; two division commanders ( Samuel Heintzelman and David Hunter ) , and one brigade commander ( Orlando Willcox ) were wounded . Union ( edit ) Union casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Troops Killed Wounded Missing Remarks Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men General staff First Division , General TYLER : First Brigade , Colonel Keyes 19 46 5 149 Eighteen others slightly wounded . Second Brigade , General Schenck 16 15 15 Third Brigade , Colonel Sherman 117 15 193 13 240 Fourth Brigade , Colonel Richardson Not engaged . Guarding Blackburn 's Ford . Total , First Division 6 152 19 254 19 404 Second Division , Colonel HUNTER : First Brigade , Colonel Porter 83 9 139 9 236 Four surgeons missing . Second Brigade , Colonel Burnside 5 35 85 59 Five surgeons missing . Total Second Division 6 118 12 224 11 295 Third Division , Colonel HEINTZELMAN : Division headquarters . First Brigade , Colonel Franklin 68 13 183 22 Second Brigade , Colonel Willcox 70 11 161 186 Third Brigade , Colonel Howard 48 7 108 6 174 Total , Third Division 6 186 32 452 10 382 Fourth Division , General RUNYON In reserve on the Potomac . Fifth Division , Colonel MILES : First Brigade Colonel Blenker 6 16 94 Second Brigade , Colonel Davies Total , Fifth Division 6 17 95 Grand total 19 462 64 947 40 1,176 Union artillery lost in the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Batteries Commanders Guns lost Remarks Rifled Smooth Total First U.S. Artillery , Company G ( two 20 - pounder Parrotts , one 30 - pounder Parrott ) . Lieutenant Edwards 20 - pounders saved First U.S. Artillery , Company I ( six 10 - pounder Parrots ) Captain Ricketts 6 6 None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company D Captain Arnold None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company E ( two 13 - pounder James , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Carlisle Two 6 - pounders saved Fifth S. Artillery ( Company D ) , ( two 10 - pounder Parrotts , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Griffin 5 One 10 - pounder saved Rhode Island Battery ( six 13 - pounder James ) 5 5 One saved Total lost 17 8 25 Confederate ( edit ) Confederate casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Command Killed Wounded Missing Aggregate Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men ARMY OF THE POTOMAC INFANTRY First Louisiana ( battalion ) 8 5 33 48 Seventh Louisiana 23 26 Thirteenth Mississippi 6 6 Seventeenth Mississippi 9 11 Eighteenth Mississippi 6 28 38 Fifth North Carolina Second South Carolina 5 6 37 48 Fourth South Carolina 10 9 70 6 96 Fifth South Carolina 23 26 Eighth South Carolina 5 20 28 Hampton Legion 19 100 121 First Virginia 6 6 Seventh Virginia 9 37 47 Eighth Virginia 6 23 30 Seventeenth Virginia Eighteenth Virginia 6 12 19 Nineteenth Virginia 6 Twenty - eighth Virginia 9 9 Forty - ninth Virginia 9 29 40 ARTILLERY Alexandria Light Artillery Latham 's Loudoun Washington ( La . ) CAVALRY Thirtieth Virginia 9 Hanover ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH INFANTRY Fourth Alabama 36 6 151 Seventh Georgia 18 12 122 Eighth Georgia 38 6 153 First Maryland 5 Second Mississippi 21 79 Eleventh Mississippi 7 21 Sixth North Carolina 22 46 Third Tennessee Second Virginia 15 69 Fourth Virginia 30 100 Fifth Virginia 6 47 Tenth Virginia 6 10 Twenty - seventh Virginia 18 122 Thirty - third Virginia 44 101 Total First Corps 6 99 29 490 12 632 Total Second Corps 19 263 34 1,029 Grand total 25 362 63 1,519 12 632 Today will be known as BLACK MONDAY . We are utterly and disgracefully routed , beaten , whipped by secessionists . -- Union diarist George Templeton Strong If the war had turned out to be of short duration , Bull Run would have been a disaster for the Union . But if , as now seemed more plausible , a long and nasty war was inevitable , that battle had a curiously salutary effect for the Union side . It provided a wake - up call for those optimists -- like Seward or even Lincoln -- who had hoped for or counted on a quick result . -- David Detzer , Donnybrook Bull Run was a turning point in the American Civil War ... in the sense that the battle struck with impelling force upon public opinion at home and abroad , upon Congress , and upon the Commander - in - chief . It framed new patterns of thought and led to far - reaching changes in the conduct of the war . The failure at Bull Run inspired a second Northern rising . Volunteering accelerated , 90 - day men reenlisted , states rushed fresh regiments forward in plenitude ... As they realized victory would not come readily , a new mood fastened upon Northerners . An iron resolve entered the Northern soul ... -- James A. Rawley , Turning Points of the Civil War Effect on the Union and subsequent events ( edit ) Union forces and civilians alike feared that Confederate forces would advance on Washington , D.C. , with very little standing in their way . On July 24 , Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe ascended in the balloon Enterprise to observe the Confederates moving in and about Manassas Junction and Fairfax . He saw no evidence of massing Confederate forces , but was forced to land in Confederate territory . It was overnight before he was rescued and could report to headquarters . He reported that his observations `` restored confidence '' to the Union commanders . The Northern public was shocked at the unexpected defeat of their army when an easy victory had been widely anticipated . Both sides quickly came to realize the war would be longer and more brutal than they had imagined . On July 22 President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service . On July 25 , eleven thousand Pennsylvanians who had earlier been rejected by the U.S. Secretary of War , Simon Cameron , for federal service in either Patterson 's or McDowell 's command arrived in Washington , D.C. , and were finally accepted . Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia . The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs . Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army . Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service . The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame . On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who was named general - in - chief of all the Union armies . McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Effect on the Confederacy ( edit ) The reaction in the Confederacy was more muted . There was little public celebration as the Southerners realized that despite their victory , the greater battles that would inevitably come would mean greater losses for their side as well . Once the euphoria of victory had worn off , Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers . Beauregard was considered the Confederate hero of the battle and was promoted that day by C.S. President Davis to full general in the Confederate army . Stonewall Jackson , arguably the most important tactical contributor to the victory , received no special recognition , but would later achieve glory for his 1862 Valley Campaign . Privately , Davis credited Greenhow with ensuring Confederate victory . Jordan sent a telegram to Greenhow : `` Our President and our General direct me to thank you . We rely upon you for further information . The Confederacy owes you a debt . ( Signed ) JORDAN , Adjutant - General . '' The battle also had long - term psychological consequences . The decisive victory led to a degree of over-confidence on the part of Confederate forces , while prompting a determined organizational effort on the part of the Union . In hindsight commentators on both sides agreed that the one - sided outcome `` proved the greatest misfortune that would have befallen the Confederacy '' . Although modern historians generally agree with this interpretation , James M. McPherson has argued that the esprit de corps attained by Confederate troops on the heels of their victory , together with a new sense of insecurity felt by northern commanders , also gave the Confederacy a military edge in the following months . Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War ( edit ) Further information : Turning point of the American Civil War § Confederate victory in First Battle of Bull Run ( July 1861 ) `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' ( edit ) The name of the battle has caused controversy since 1861 . The Union Army frequently named battles after significant rivers and creeks that played a role in the fighting ; the Confederates generally used the names of nearby towns or farms . The U.S. National Park Service uses the Confederate name for its national battlefield park , but the Union name ( Bull Run ) also has widespread currency in popular literature . Confusion between the battle flags ( edit ) Battlefield confusion between the battle flags , especially the similarity of the Confederacy 's `` Stars and Bars '' and the Union 's `` Stars and Stripes '' when fluttering , led to the adoption of the Confederate Battle Flag , which eventually became the most popular symbol of the Confederacy and the South in general . Conclusions ( edit ) First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle , and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict . The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men . One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run , now combat veterans , would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield at the Second Battle of Bull Run / Manassas . Additional battle maps ( edit ) Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour ( edit ) Map 1 : Situation Mid-July 1861 Map 2 : Beauregard 's defensive situation ( Mid-July 1861 ) Map 3 : Situation at 05 : 30 - 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 4 : Situation at 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 5 : Situation at 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 6 : Situation at 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 7 : Situation at 13 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 8 : Situation at 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 9 : Situation at 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 10 : Situation at 15 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 11 : Situation at 16 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 12 : Situation at 16 : 30 - 17 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) In popular culture ( edit ) The First Battle of Bull Run is mentioned in the novel Gods and Generals , but is depicted more fully in its film adaptation . The battle forms the climax of the film Class of ' 61 . It also appears in the first episode of the second season of the mini-series North and South , in the second episode of the first season of the mini-series How the West Was Won and in the first episode of the mini-series The Blue and the Gray . Manassas ( 1999 ) is the first volume in the James Reasoner Civil War Series of historical novels . The battle is described in Rebel ( 1993 ) , the first volume of Bernard Cornwell 's The Starbuck Chronicles series of historical novels . The battle is described from the viewpoint of a Union infantryman in Upton Sinclair 's novella Manassas , which also depicts the political turmoil leading up to the Civil War . The battle is also depicted in John Jakes 's The Titans , the fifth novel in The Kent Family Chronicles , a series that explores the fictional Confederate cavalry officer Gideon Kent . The battle is the subject of the Johnny Horton song , `` Battle of Bull Run '' . Shaman , second in the Cole family trilogy by Noah Gordon , includes an account of the battle . The battle is also depicted in the song `` Yankee Bayonet '' by indie - folk band The Decemberists . In Murder at 1600 , Detective Harlan Regis ( Wesley Snipes ) has built a plan - relief of the battle which plays a certain role in the plot . Sesquicentennial ( edit ) The National Jubilee of Peace building at Grant and Lee avenues in Manassas , Virginia , is draped with the U.S. flag for the 150th anniversary commemoration , held on July 21 , 2011 , of the First Battle of Bull Run . Prince William County staged special events commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War through 2011 . Manassas was named the No. 1 tourist destination in the United States for 2011 by the American Bus Association for its efforts in highlighting the historical impact of the Civil War . The cornerstone of the commemoration event featured a reenactment of the battle on July 23 -- 24 , 2011 . Throughout the year , there were tours of the Manassas battlefield and other battlefields in the county and a number of related events and activities . The City of Manassas commemorated the 150th anniversary of the battle July 21 -- 24 , 2011 . Battlefield preservation ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park . Located north of Manassas , in Prince William County , Virginia , it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles : the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21 , 1861 , and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30 , 1862 ( also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas , respectively ) . The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North ( Union ) and the South ( Confederacy ) , and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname `` Stonewall . '' Today the National Battlefield Park provides the opportunity for visitors to explore the historic terrain where men fought and died more than a century ago . More than 900,000 people visit the battlefield each year . ( In comparison , roughly 15 million people annually visit nearby Washington , DC . ) As a historic area under the National Park Service , the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . See also ( edit ) American Civil War portal Second Battle of Bull Run Armies in the American Civil War Troop engagements of the American Civil War , 1861 List of costliest American Civil War land battles Origins of the American Civil War Battle of Fort Sumter Manassas Campaign Manassas National Battlefield Park Bull Run Mountains Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : National Park Service . Jump up ^ National Park Service Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 314 -- 315 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 469 -- 470 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Abtract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 309 ) . ^ Jump up to : Strength figures vary by source . Eicher , p. 87 - 88 : 35,000 Union , 32,000 Confederate ; Esposito , map 19 : 35,000 Union , 29,000 Confederate ; Ballard , 35,000 Union ( 18,000 engaged ) , 34,000 Confederate ( 18,000 engaged ) ; Salmon , p. 20 : 28,450 Union , 32,230 Confederate ; Kennedy , p. 14 : 35,000 Union , 33,000 Confederate ; Livermore , p. 77 : 28,452 Union `` effectives '' , 32,323 Confederate engaged . Writing in The Century Magazine , adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,572 Union men ( including stragglers not on the field ) and 24 guns engaged , Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 and pages 568 -- 569 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 327 ) . Jump up ^ 2,896 ( 460 killed ; 1,124 wounded ; 1,312 captured / missing ) , according to Eicher , p. 99 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties in the Army of the Potomac ( Confederate ) July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 570 ) . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page V ( Preface ) . Jump up ^ Ballard , 3 . Jump up ^ Ballard , 4 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 4 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 77 ; Williams , p. 21 ; McPherson , p. 336 ; Davis , p. 110 , attributes the remark to general - in - chief Winfield Scott . ^ Jump up to : Fishel , Edwin C. , The Secret War For The Union : The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War , Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1996 , pp. 59 -- 63 ^ Jump up to : `` Greenhow , Rose O'Neal '' , ( 1817 -- 1864 ) , The National Archives -- People Description. 1817 -- 1864 , ( accessed February 5 , 2013 ) Jump up ^ `` Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow '' , National Archives and Records Administration , World Digital Library Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 110 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 8 . ^ Jump up to : Livermore , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 9 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 10 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 91 -- 100 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 . Jump up ^ Beatie , pp. 285 -- 88 ; Esposito , text for Map 21 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 94 ; Esposito , Map 22 . Jump up ^ Masur , Kate ( July 27 , 2011 ) . `` Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run '' . The New York Times . New York : The New York Times Company . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hall , Andy ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Memory : Frederick Douglass ' Black Confederate '' . Dead Confederates : A Civil War Blog . WordPress . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2016 . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Brown , pp. 43 -- 45 ; Alexander , pp. 50 -- 51 . Alexander recalls that the signal was `` You are flanked . '' Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 312 -- 13 ; Rafuse , A Single Grand Victory `` , p. 131 ; Esposito , Map 22 ; Eicher , pp. 94 -- 95 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 95 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 313 ; Eicher , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Salmon , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 314 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 357 ; Davis , pp. 204 -- 05 . Jump up ^ Robertson , p. 264 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 82 ; Robertson , p. 264 . McPherson , p. 342 , reports the quotation after `` stone wall '' as being `` Rally around the Virginians ! '' Jump up ^ See , for instance , McPherson , p. 342 . There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all . See Freeman , vol. 1 , pp. 733 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 96 -- 98 ; Esposito , Map 23 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 314 -- 15 ; McPherson , pp. 342 -- 44 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 315 ; Eicher , p. 98 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 32 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 315 -- 16 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 344 ; Eicher , p. 98 ; Esposito , Map 24 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 76 ; Esposito , Map 24 ; Davis , p. 149 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 35 . Jump up ^ Ballard , pages 35 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 434 -- 435 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 383 . ^ Jump up to : Ballard , page 36 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 328 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 488 . Jump up ^ Rawley , pp. 56 -- 57 . Jump up ^ Haydon , pp. 192 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Rawley , p. 58 . Jump up ^ Curtin , Andrew G. ( January 8 , 1862 ) . `` Message of Andrew G. Curtin , Governor of Pennsylvania , to the Legislature , '' . Executive Department : 8 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 100 -- 101 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 492 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Greenhow , Rose O'Neal , My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington , London : Richard Bentley , 1863 , p. 18 , full text online at Documenting the American South , University of North Carolina Jump up ^ James M. McPherson ( 1988 ) . The Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford University Press . pp. 347 -- 350 . ISBN 9780199743902 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 346 , n . 7 . McPherson 's popular one - volume history of the war uses the two names interchangeably because he states that `` neither name has any intrinsic superiority over the other . '' Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 342 . Jump up ^ `` Plan a trip and discover your story '' . visitpwc.com . Jump up ^ `` manassascivilwar.org '' . manassascivilwar.org . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washington DC GO ! References ( edit ) Alexander , Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy : The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander . Edited by Gary W. Gallagher . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press , 1989 . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4722 - 4 . Ballard , Ted . First Battle of Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide . Washington , DC : United States Army Center of Military History , 2003 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 16 - 068078 - 6 . This article incorporates text from this source , which is in the public domain . Beatie , Russel H. Army of the Potomac : Birth of Command , November 1860 -- September 1861 . New York : Da Capo Press , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81141 - 3 . Brown , J. Willard . The Signal Corps , U.S.A. in the War of the Rebellion . U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association , 1896 . Reprinted 1974 by Arno Press . ISBN 0 - 405 - 06036 - X . Davis , William C. , and the Editors of Time - Life Books . First Blood : Fort Sumter to Bull Run . Alexandria , VA : Time - Life Books , 1983 . ISBN 0 - 8094 - 4704 - 5 . Detzer , David . Donnybrook : The Battle of Bull Run , 1861 . New York : Harcourt , 2004 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 15 - 603143 - 1 . Eicher , David J. The Longest Night : A Military History of the Civil War . New York : Simon & Schuster , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 84944 - 5 . Esposito , Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars . New York : Frederick A. Praeger , 1959 . OCLC 5890637 . The collection of maps ( without explanatory text ) is available online at the West Point website . Praeger , 1959 . Freeman , Douglas S. Lee 's Lieutenants : A Study in Command . 3 vols . New York : Scribner , 1946 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 85979 - 3 . Haydon , F. Stansbury . Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 1941 . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6442 - 9 . Livermore , Thomas L. Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America 1861 -- 65 . Reprinted with errata , Dayton , OH : Morninside House , 1986 . ISBN 0 - 527 - 57600 - X . First published in 1901 by Houghton Mifflin . McPherson , James M. Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford History of the United States . New York : Oxford University Press , 1988 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 503863 - 0 . Rafuse , Ethan S. `` First Battle of Bull Run . '' In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War : A Political , Social , and Military History , edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler . New York : W.W. Norton & Company , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 393 - 04758 - X . Rafuse , Ethan S. A Single Grand Victory : The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas . The American Crisis Series . Wilmington , DE : SR Books , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 8420 - 2875 - 7 . Rawley , James A. Turning Points of the Civil War . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press , 1966 . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 8935 - 9 . Robertson , James I. , Jr . Stonewall Jackson : The Man , The Soldier , The Legend . New York : MacMillan Publishing , 1997 . ISBN 0 - 02 - 864685 - 1 . Salmon , John S . The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 8117 - 2868 - 4 . Williams , T. Harry . Lincoln and His Generals . New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1952 . ISBN 0 - 9654382 - 6 - 0 . National Park Service battle description Professor Thaddeus Lowe 's Official Report ( Part I ) Memoirs and primary sources ( edit ) Dyer , Frederick H. , A compendium of the War of the Rebellion , Volume 1 , 1908 , Des Moines IA Longstreet , James . From Manassas to Appomattox : Memoirs of the Civil War in America . New York : Da Capo Press , 1992 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 80464 - 6 . First published in 1896 by J.B. Lippincott and Co . Robert Underwood Johnson , Clarence Clough Buell , Battles and Leaders of the Civil War : The Opening Battles , Volume 1 ( Pdf ) , New York : The Century Co. , 1887 . U.S. War Department , The War of the Rebellion : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1880 -- 1901 Further reading ( edit ) Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bull Run . Cunningham , Horace H. ( 1968 ) . Field medical services at the Battles of Manassas ( Bull Run ) . Athens : University of Georgia Press . ISBN 9780820333557 . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . Davis , William C. Battle at Bull Run : A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1977 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0867 - 7 . Goldfield , David , et al . The American Journey : A History of the United States . 2nd ed . New York : Prentice Hall , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 13 - 088243 - 7 . Gottfried , Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run : An atlas of the First Bull Run ( Manassas ) Campaign , including the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , June -- October 1861 . El Dorado Hills , CA : Savas Beatie , 2009 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 932714 - 60 - 9 . Hankinson , Alan . First Bull Run 1861 : The South 's First Victory . Osprey Campaign Series # 10 . London : Osprey Publishing , 1991 . ISBN 1 - 85532 - 133 - 5 . Hennessy , John , Ethan Rafuse , and Harry Smeltzer . `` Historians ' Forum : The First Battle of Bull Run . '' Civil War History 57 # 2 ( June 2011 ) : 106 -- 120 . Hines , Blaikie . The Battle of First Bull Run , Manassas Campaign -- July 16 -- 22 , 1861 : An Illustrated Atlas and Battlefield Guide . Maine : American Patriot Press , 2011 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 61364 - 129 - 3 . Longacre , Edward G . The Early Morning of War : Bull Run , 1861 ( 2014 ) . Rable , George . `` The Battlefield and Beyond . '' Civil War History 53 # 3 ( September 2007 ) : 244 -- 51 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to First Battle of Bull Run . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manassas National Battlefield Park . Battle of Bull Run : Battle maps , photos , history articles , and battlefield news ( Civil War Trust ) `` Map of the Battles of Bull Run , 1861 '' , prepared by Army engineer , National Archives and Record Administration , at World Digital Library Manassas National Battlefield Park website First Battle of Manassas : An End to Innocence , a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places ( TwHP ) lesson plan Harper 's Weekly 1861 Report on the Battle of Bull Run Civil War Home website on First Bull Run Animated history of the First Battle of Bull Run FirstBullRun.co.uk The First Battle of Bull Run public domain audiobook at LibriVox First Manassas Campaign with Official Records and Reports Map of the Battles of Bull Run Near Manassas . Solomon Bamberger . Zoomable high - resolution map . Newspaper coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run Manassas Civil War 150th Anniversary July 21 -- 24 , 2011 Texts on Wikisource : Guernsey , Alfred H. ( 1879 ) . `` Bull Run '' . The American Cyclopædia . Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 1861 Campaigns Chesapeake blockade ( May -- Jun ) Western Virginia ( Jun -- Dec ) Manassas ( Jul ) Carolina coast blockade ( Aug ) McClellan 's Operations ( Oct -- Dec ) Potomac blockade ( Oct -- Jan 1862 ) Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run 1862 Campaigns Burnside 's NC Expedition ( Feb -- Jun ) Jackson 's Valley ( Mar -- Jun ) Peninsula ( Mar -- Jul ) Northern Virginia ( Jul - Sep ) Maryland ( Sep ) Fredericksburg ( Nov -- Dec ) Goldsboro Expedition ( Dec ) Major battles Hampton Roads Williamsburg Seven Pines Seven Days Battles Oak Grove Beaver Dam Creek Gaines 's Mill Garnett 's & Golding 's Farm Savage 's Station White Oak Swamp Glendale Malvern Hill 2nd Bull Run Antietam Fredericksburg 1863 Campaigns Tidewater Operations ( Mar -- Apr ) Chancellorsville ( Apr -- May ) Gettysburg ( Jun -- Jul ) Bristoe ( Oct -- Nov ) Mine Run ( Nov -- Dec ) Major battles Chancellorsville Gettysburg 1864 Campaigns Valley Campaigns ( May -- Oct ) : Lynchburg , Early 's B&O Raid , Sheridan 's Campaign Operations Against Plymouth ( Apr -- May ) Bermuda Hundred ( May ) Overland ( May -- Jun ) Petersburg ( Jun -- Mar 1865 ) Major battles Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House North Anna Cold Harbor Trevilian Station 2nd Petersburg Crater 2nd Deep Bottom Globe Tavern 3rd Winchester Chaffin 's Farm Cedar Creek Boydton Plank Road 1865 Campaigns Wilmington ( Dec -- Feb ) Appomattox ( Mar -- Apr ) Major battles 2nd Fort Fisher Bentonville Fort Stedman Five Forks 3rd Petersburg Sailor 's Creek Appomattox Court House Armies James Potomac Virginia Shenandoah Northern Virginia Geography Departments Monongahela Susquehanna Landforms Cumberland Valley Gettysburg - Newark Lowlands Shenandoah Valley Fairfax County in the American Civil War Battles Battle of Blackburn 's Ford Battle of Chantilly Battle of Dranesville Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1863 ) First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Vienna , Virginia Skirmishes Bog Wallow Ambush Raids Burke 's Station Raid Mosby 's Raids Units 8th Virginia Infantry 17th Virginia Infantry 1st Virginia Cavalry 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry Georgia Hussars ( later Jeff Davis Cavalry Legion , Company F ) 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry 3rd Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment 45th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment 16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry First New Jersey Brigade 2nd Vermont Brigade XXII Corps ( Union Army ) Union Army Balloon Corps People Clara Barton Michael Corcoran Antonia Ford Thaddeus Lowe John Quincy Marr John S. 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Education George Mason University University of Fairfax Northern Virginia Community College Prince William County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington Metropolitan Area Administration Prince William Board of County Supervisors Prince William County Public Schools Prince William County Department of Parks & Recreation Prince William County Public Library Prince William County Department of Fire and Rescue Prince William County Police Department Prince William County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Prince William Chamber of Commerce Landmarks National Museum of the Marine Corps Marine Corps Base Quantico Hylton Performing Arts Center Manassas National Battlefield Park Jiffy Lube Live Old Dominion Speedway Prince William Forest Park Leesylvania State Park Potomac Mills Transportation OmniRide Washington Dulles International Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Manassas Regional Airport Prince William Parkway Virginia State Route 234 Interstate 66 Interstate 95 U.S. Route 1 Culture Battles First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Dale City 4th of July Parade Education George Mason University Northern Virginia Community College Strayer University University of Northern Virginia Municipalities and communities of Prince William County , Virginia , United States County seat : Manassas Towns Dumfries Haymarket Occoquan Quantico CDPs Buckhall Bull Run Bull Run Mountain Estates Cherry Hill County Center Dale City Gainesville Independent Hill Lake Ridge Linton Hall Loch Lomond Marumsco Montclair Neabsco Nokesville Potomac Mills Quantico Base ‡ Sudley Triangle Woodbridge Yorkshire Unincorporated communities Aden Agnewville Antioch Batestown Bethel Brentsville Bristow Buckland Canova Catharpin Cornwell Featherstone Greenwich Groveton Hickory Ridge Hoadly Joplin Kopp Locust Hill Minnieville Rixlew Southbridge Sudley Springs Thoroughfare Wellington West Gate Footnotes ‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Bull_Run&oldid=843651763 '' Categories : Fairfax County in the American Civil War Manassas Campaign Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Confederate victories of the American Civil War Prince William County in the American Civil War Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries 1861 in the American Civil War 1861 in Virginia July 1861 events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Use mdy dates from November 2013 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from July 2017 All articles needing additional references Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 21 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 May 2018 , at 15 : 05 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who won the battle of bull run in virginia | ["The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces."] | ['Confederate'] | The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. |
[question]: What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War?
[answer]: The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas. | What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War? | The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas. | 1 | 7.505977 | 24 | 108 | 1 |
14,588 | -7,553,819,995,079,481,000 | First Battle of Bull Run | First battle of Bull Run - wikipedia First battle of Bull Run This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 17 June 2018 . First Battle of Bull Run First Battle of Manassas Part of the American Civil War First Battle of Bull Run . Chromolithograph by Kurz & Allison , 1889 Date July 21 , 1861 ( 1861 - 07 - 21 ) Location Fairfax County and Prince William County , Virginia 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Coordinates : 38 ° 48 ′ 53 '' N 77 ° 31 ′ 22 '' W / 38.8147 ° N 77.5227 ° W / 38.8147 ; - 77.5227 Result Decisive Confederate victory Belligerents United States ( Union ) Confederate States ( Confederacy ) Commanders and leaders Political leaders : Abraham Lincoln Military commanders : Winfield Scott Irvin McDowell Robert Patterson Political leaders : Jefferson Davis Military commanders : P.G.T. Beauregard Thomas `` Stonewall '' Jackson ( WIA ) Joseph E. Johnston Units involved Department of Northeastern Virginia : Army of Northeastern Virginia Department of Pennsylvania : Patterson 's Command ( not engaged ) Army of the Potomac Army of the Shenandoah Strength Army of Northeastern Virginia : 35,732 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Patterson 's Command : 14 -- 18,000 ( not engaged ) 32,000 -- 34,000 ( c. 18,000 engaged ) Casualties and losses 2,708 ( 481 killed ; 1,011 wounded ; 1,216 missing ) 1,982 ( 387 killed ; 1,582 wounded ; 13 missing ) Manassas Campaign Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Arlington Mills Vienna , Virginia Hoke 's Run Blackburn 's Ford 1st Bull Run Virginia ( 1861 ) Northeastern Virginia ( 1861 ) The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the First Battle of Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west - southwest of Washington , D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces . Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring an early end to the rebellion . Yielding to political pressure , Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction . McDowell 's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed by his officers and men ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning to attack the Union left flank , found themselves at an initial disadvantage . Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad , and the course of the battle quickly changed . A brigade of Virginians under the relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute , Thomas J. Jackson , stood its ground , which resulted in Jackson receiving his famous nickname , `` Stonewall '' . The Confederates launched a strong counterattack , and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire , many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout . McDowell 's men frantically ran without order in the direction of Washington , D.C. Both armies were sobered by the fierce fighting and many casualties , and realized that the war was going to be much longer and bloodier than either had anticipated . The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war . Units were committed piecemeal , attacks were frontal , infantry failed to protect exposed artillery , tactical intelligence was nil , and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively . McDowell , with 35,000 men , was only able to commit about 18,000 , and the combined Confederate forces , with about 32,000 men , committed only 18,000 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Military and political situation 1.2 Irvin McDowell 1.3 Intelligence 1.4 McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign 1.5 Prelude to battle 2 Opposing forces 2.1 Union 2.2 Confederate 3 Battle 3.1 Morning phase 3.1. 1 Matthews Hill 3.2 Noon phase 3.2. 1 Henry House Hill 3.3 Union retreat 4 Aftermath 4.1 Brief observations 4.2 Detailed casualties 4.2. 1 Union 4.2. 2 Confederate 4.3 Effect on the Union and subsequent events 4.4 Effect on the Confederacy 4.5 Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War 4.6 `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' 4.7 Confusion between the battle flags 4.8 Conclusions 5 Additional battle maps 5.1 Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour 6 In popular culture 7 Sesquicentennial 8 Battlefield preservation 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Memoirs and primary sources 12 Further reading 13 External links Background ( edit ) Military and political situation ( edit ) Main article : Manassas Campaign Further information : Origins of the American Civil War ; Battle of Fort Sumter ; Western Virginia Campaign ; Border states ( American Civil War ) ; President Lincoln 's 75,000 volunteers ; Eastern Theater of the American Civil War ; and American Civil War Opposing political leaders Pres . Abraham Lincoln , USA Pres . Jefferson Davis , CSA Northern Virginia Theater in July 1861 Confederate Union Further map details , see : Additional Map 1 and Additional Map 2 . On April 15 , 1861 , the day after South Carolina military forces attacked and captured Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor , President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring an insurrection against the laws of the United States . Earlier , South Carolina and seven other Southern states had declared their secession from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America . To suppress the rebellion and restore Federal law in the Southern states , Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers with ninety - day enlistments to augment the existing U.S. Army of about 15,000 . He later accepted an additional 40,000 volunteers with three - year enlistments and increased the strength of the U.S. Army to almost 20,000 . Lincoln 's actions caused four more Southern states , including Virginia , to secede and join the Confederacy , and by 1 June the Confederate capital had been moved from Montgomery , Alabama , to Richmond , Virginia . In Washington , D.C. , as thousands of volunteers rushed to defend the capital , General in Chief Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott laid out his strategy to subdue the rebellious states . He proposed that an army of 80,000 men be organized and sail down the Mississippi River and capture New Orleans . While the Army `` strangled '' the Confederacy in the west , the U.S. Navy would blockade Southern ports along the eastern and Gulf coasts . The press ridiculed what they dubbed as Scott 's `` Anaconda Plan '' . Instead , many believed the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond , only one hundred miles south of Washington , would quickly end the war . By July 1861 thousands of volunteers were camped in and around Washington . Since General Scott was seventy - five years old and physically unable to lead this force , the administration searched for a more suitable field commander . Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott , General in Chief , USA Cartoon map illustrating Gen. Winfield Scott 's plan to crush the Confederacy , economically . It is sometimes called the `` Anaconda plan '' . Irvin McDowell ( edit ) Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase championed fellow Ohioan , 42 - year - old Maj . Irvin McDowell . Although McDowell was a West Point graduate , his command experience was limited . In fact , he had spent most of his career engaged in various staff duties in the Adjutant General 's Office . While stationed in Washington he had become acquainted with Chase , a former Ohio governor and senator . Now , through Chase 's influence , McDowell was promoted three grades to brigadier general in the Regular Army and on 27 May was assigned command ( by President Abraham Lincoln ) of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , which included the military forces in and around Washington ( Army of Northeastern Virginia ) . McDowell immediately began organizing what became known as the Army of Northeastern Virginia , 35,000 men arranged in five divisions . Under public and political pressure to begin offensive operations , McDowell was given very little time to train the newly inducted troops . Units were instructed in the maneuvering of regiments , but they received little or no training at the brigade or division level . He was reassured by President Lincoln , `` You are green , it is true , but they are green also ; you are all green alike . '' Against his better judgment , McDowell commenced campaigning . Intelligence ( edit ) During the previous year , U.S. Army captain Thomas Jordan set up a pro-Southern spy network in Washington City , including Rose O'Neal Greenhow , a prominent socialite with a wide range of contacts . He provided her with a code for messages . After he left to join the Confederate Army , he gave her control of his network but continued to receive reports from her . On July 9 and 16 , 1861 , Greenhow passed secret messages to Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard containing critical information regarding military movements for what would be the First Battle of Bull Run , including the plans of Union general McDowell . McDowell 's plan and initial movements in the Manassas Campaign ( edit ) On July 16 , 1861 , McDowell departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent , about 35,000 men ( 28,452 effectives ) . McDowell 's plan was to move westward in three columns and make a diversionary attack on the Confederate line at Bull Run with two columns , while the third column moved around the Confederates ' right flank to the south , cutting the railroad to Richmond and threatening the rear of the Confederate army . He assumed that the Confederates would be forced to abandon Manassas Junction and fall back to the Rappahannock River , the next defensible line in Virginia , which would relieve some of the pressure on the U.S. capital . McDowell had hoped to have his army at Centreville by 17 July , but the troops , unaccustomed to marching , moved in starts and stops . Along the route soldiers often broke ranks to wander off to pick apples or blackberries or to get water , regardless of the orders of their officers to remain in ranks . The Confederate Army of the Potomac ( 21,883 effectives ) under Beauregard was encamped near Manassas Junction , approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) from the United States capital . McDowell planned to attack this numerically inferior enemy army . Union Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson 's 18,000 men engaged Johnston 's force ( the Army of the Shenandoah at 8,884 effectives , augmented by Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes 's brigade of 1,465 ) in the Shenandoah Valley , preventing them from reinforcing Beauregard . Movements July 16 -- 21 , 1861 Situation July 18 Battlefield of Manassas After two days of marching slowly in the sweltering heat , the Union army was allowed to rest in Centreville . McDowell reduced the size of his army to approximately 31,000 by dispatching Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon with 5,000 troops to protect the army 's rear . In the meantime , McDowell searched for a way to outflank Beauregard , who had drawn up his lines along Bull Run . On July 18 , the Union commander sent a division under Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler to pass on the Confederate right ( southeast ) flank. Tyler was drawn into a skirmish at Blackburn 's Ford over Bull Run and made no headway . Also on the morning of 18 July Johnston had received a telegram suggesting he go to Beauregard 's assistance if possible . Johnston marched out of Winchester about noon , while Stuart 's cavalry screened the movement from Patterson . Patterson was completely deceived . One hour after Johnston 's departure Patterson telegraphed Washington , `` I have succeeded , in accordance with the wishes of the General - in - Chief , in keeping General Johnston 's force at Winchester . '' For the maneuver to be successful McDowell felt he needed to act quickly . He had already begun to hear rumors that Johnston had slipped out of the valley and was headed for Manassas Junction . If the rumors were true , McDowell might soon be facing 34,000 Confederates , instead of 22,000 . Another reason for quick action was McDowell 's concern that the ninety - day enlistments of many of his regiments were about to expire . `` In a few days I will lose many thousands of the best of this force '' , he wrote Washington on the eve of battle . In fact , the next morning two units of McDowell 's command , their enlistments expiring that day , would turn a deaf ear to McDowell 's appeal to stay a few days longer . Instead , to the sounds of battle , they would march back to Washington to be mustered out of service . Becoming more frustrated , McDowell resolved to attack the Confederate left ( northwest ) flank instead . He planned to attack with Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler 's division at the Stone Bridge on the Warrenton Turnpike and send the divisions of Brig . Gens . David Hunter and Samuel P. Heintzelman over Sudley Springs Ford . From here , these divisions could march into the Confederate rear . The brigade of Col. Israel B. Richardson ( Tyler 's Division ) would harass the enemy at Blackburn 's Ford , preventing them from thwarting the main attack . Patterson would tie down Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley so that reinforcements could not reach the area . Although McDowell had arrived at a theoretically sound plan , it had a number of flaws : it was one that required synchronized execution of troop movements and attacks , skills that had not been developed in the nascent army ; it relied on actions by Patterson that he had already failed to take ; finally , McDowell had delayed long enough that Johnston 's Valley force was able to board trains at Piedmont Station and rush to Manassas Junction to reinforce Beauregard 's men . Prelude to battle ( edit ) On July 19 -- 20 , significant reinforcements bolstered the Confederate lines behind Bull Run . Johnston arrived with all of his army , except for the troops of Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith , who were still in transit . Most of the new arrivals were posted in the vicinity of Blackburn 's Ford , and Beauregard 's plan was to attack from there to the north toward Centreville . Johnston , the senior officer , approved the plan . If both of the armies had been able to execute their plans simultaneously , it would have resulted in a mutual counterclockwise movement as they attacked each other 's left flank . McDowell was getting contradictory information from his intelligence agents , so he called for the balloon Enterprise , which was being demonstrated by Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe in Washington , to perform aerial reconnaissance . Opposing forces ( edit ) Union ( edit ) Further information : Union order of battle Key Union commanders Brig. Gen . Irvin McDowell , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( Commanding ) , USA Brig. Gen . Daniel Tyler , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 1st Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . David Hunter , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 2nd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Samuel P. Heintzelman , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 3rd Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Theodore Runyon , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 4th Div . ) USA Brig. Gen . Dixon S. Miles , Army of Northeastern Virginia , ( 5th Div . ) USA Maj. Gen . Robert Patterson , Patterson 's Command , USA McDowell 's Army of Northeastern Virginia was organized into five infantry divisions of three to five brigades each . Each brigade contained three to five infantry regiments . An artillery battery was generally assigned to each brigade . The total number of Union troops present at the Battle of First Bull Run was about 35,000 , although only about 18,000 were actually engaged . The Union army was organized as follows : 1st Division of Brig. Gen. Daniel Tyler the largest in the army , contained four brigades , led by Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck , Col. Erasmus Keyes , Col. William T. Sherman , and Col. Israel B. Richardson ; 2nd Division of Col. David Hunter of two brigades . These were led by Cols . Andrew Porter and Ambrose E. Burnside ; 3rd Division of Col. Samuel P. Heintzelman included 3 brigades , led by Cols . William B. Franklin , Orlando B. Willcox , and Oliver O. Howard ; 4th Division of Brig. Gen. Theodore Runyon without brigade organization and not engaged , contained seven regiments of New Jersey and one regiment of New York volunteer infantries ; 5th Division of Col. Dixon S. Miles included 2 brigades , commanded by Cols . Louis Blenker and Thomas A. Davies ; While McDowell organized the Army of Northeastern Virginia , a smaller Union command was organized and stationed northwest of Washington , near Harper 's Ferry . Commanded by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson , 18,000 men of the Department of Pennsylvania protected against a Confederate incursion from the Shenandoah Valley . Abstract from the returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Commands Present For duty Total Aggregate Officers Men General staff 19 21 First ( Tyler 's ) Division 569 12,226 9,494 9,936 Second ( Hunter 's ) Division 121 2,364 2,525 2,648 Third ( Heintzelman 's ) Division 382 8,680 9,385 9,777 Fourth ( Runyon 's ) Division 247 5,201 5,502 5,752 Fifth ( Miles ' ) Division 289 5,884 5,917 6,207 Twenty - first New York Volunteers 37 684 707 745 Twenty - fifth New York Militia 39 519 534 573 Second United States Cavalry , Company E 56 63 73 Total 1,707 35,614 34,127 35,732 Abstract from return of the Department of Pennsylvania , commanded by Major - General Patterson , June 28 , 1861 . PATTERSON 'S COMMAND Commanding officer Troops Present for duty Infantry Cavalry Artillery Officers Men Officers Men Officers Men Bvt . Maj. Gen. Geo . Cadwalader First division 322 6,637 11 307 7 251 Maj. Gen. W.H. Keim Second division 322 6,410 74 Total 644 13,047 14 381 7 251 Aggregate present for duty Infantry 13,691 Cavalry 395 Artillery 258 Total 14,344 Confederate ( edit ) Further information : Confederate order of battle Key Confederate commanders Brig. Gen . P.G.T. Beauregard , CSA Army of the Potomac Brig. Gen . Joseph E. Johnston , CSA Army of the Shenandoah , ( Commanding ) Joseph E. Johnston 's forces was organized as follows : The Army of the Potomac ( Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard ) was organized into six infantry brigades , with each brigade containing three to six infantry regiments . Artillery batteries were assigned to various infantry brigades . The total number of troops in the Confederate Army of the Potomac was approximately 22,000 . Beauregard 's army also contained thirty - nine pieces of field artillery and a regiment of Virginia cavalry . The Army of the Potomac was organized into seven infantry brigades . These were : 1st Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Milledge Luke Bonham ; 2nd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell ; 3rd Brigade , under Brig. Gen. David R. Jones ; 4th Brigade , under Brig. Gen. James Longstreet ; 5th Brigade , under Col. Philip St. George Cocke ; 6th Brigade , under Col. Jubal Early ; 7th Brigade , under Col. Nathan G. Evans . Reserve Brigade , under Brig. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes The Army of the Shenandoah ( Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston ) was also organized into brigades . It consisted of four brigades of three to five infantry regiments each , which totaled approximately 12,000 men . Each brigade was assigned one artillery battery . In addition to the infantry , there were twenty pieces of artillery and about 300 Virginia cavalrymen under Col. J.E.B. Stuart . Although the combined strength of both Confederate armies was about 34,000 , only about 18,000 were actually engaged at First Bull Run . The Army of the Shenandoah consisted of four infantry brigades : 1st Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson ; 2nd Brigade , commanded by Col. Francis S. Bartow ; 3rd Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Barnard E. Bee ; 4th Brigade , commanded by Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith . Abstract front field return , First Corps ( Army of the Potomac ) , July 21 , 1861 . ( Dated September 25 , 1861 . ) ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Commands . General and Staff Officers Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers Men . Officers Men . Officers Men . First Brigade 211 4,070 Second Brigade 133 2,307 Third Brigade 128 1,989 Fourth Brigade 160 2,364 Fifth Brigade 208 8,065 Sixth Brigade 261 2,356 Seventh Louisiana 44 773 Eighth Louisiana 43 803 Hampton Legion 27 627 Thirteenth Virginia 34 642 Harrison 's Battalion ( three companies ) 13 196 Troops ( ten ) of cavalry 38 545 Washington ( Louisiana ) Artillery 19 201 Kemper 's battery 76 Latham 's battery 86 Loudoun Battery 55 Shield 's battery 82 Camp Pickens ( heavy artillery ) 18 275 Total 22 1,215 18,354 85 1,383 51 775 Aggregates : Infantry 19,569 Cavalry 1,468 Artillery 826 21,863 Abstract from monthly report of Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston 's division , or Army of the Shenandoah ( C.S.A. ) , for June 30 , 1861 . ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH Commanding officer . Troops . PRESENT FOR DUTY . Infantry . Cavalry . Artillery . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Officers . Men . Colonel Jackson First brigade 128 2,043 81 Col. F.S. Bartow Second brigade 155 2,391 59 Brigadier - General Bee Third brigade 161 2,629 78 Col. A. Elzey Fourth brigade 156 2,106 45 Col. J.E.B. Stuart First Virginia Cavalry 21 313 Col. A.C. Cummings Virginia Volunteers 14 227 Total 614 9,396 21 313 15 263 Aggregate present for duty . General staff 32 Infantry 10,010 Cavalry 334 Artillery 278 10,654 Battle ( edit ) Morning phase ( edit ) Matthews Hill ( edit ) Situation morning , July 21 Situation at 05 : 30 -- 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) On the morning of July 21 , 1861 , McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ( about 12,000 men ) from Centreville at 2 : 30 a.m. , marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs . Tyler 's division ( about 8,000 ) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge . The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems . Tyler 's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike . The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate , little more than a cart path in some places , and did not begin fording Bull Run until 9 : 30 a.m. Tyler 's men reached the Stone Bridge around 6 a.m. At 5 : 15 a.m. , Richardson 's brigade fired a few artillery rounds across Mitchell 's Ford on the Confederate right , some of which hit Beauregard 's headquarters in the Wilmer McLean house as he was eating breakfast , alerting him to the fact that his offensive battle plan had been preempted . Nevertheless , he ordered demonstration attacks north toward the Union left at Centreville . Bungled orders and poor communications prevented their execution . Although he intended for Brig. Gen. Richard S. Ewell to lead the attack , Ewell , at Union Mills Ford , was simply ordered to `` hold ... in readiness to advance at a moment 's notice '' . Brig. Gen. D.R. Jones was supposed to attack in support of Ewell , but found himself moving forward alone . Holmes was also supposed to support , but received no orders at all . U.S. cavalry at Sudley Spring Ford An 1862 illustration of a Confederate officer forcing slaves to fire a cannon at U.S. forces at gunpoint . According to John Parker , a former slave , he was forced by his Confederate captors to fire a cannon at U.S. soldiers at the Battle of Bull Run . All that stood in the path of the 20,000 Union soldiers converging on the Confederate left flank were Col. Nathan `` Shanks '' Evans and his reduced brigade of 1,100 men . Evans had moved some of his men to intercept the direct threat from Tyler at the bridge , but he began to suspect that the weak attacks from the Union brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck were merely feints . He was informed of the main Union flanking movement through Sudley Springs by Captain Edward Porter Alexander , Beauregard 's signal officer , observing from 8 miles ( 13 km ) southwest on Signal Hill . In the first use of wig - wag semaphore signaling in combat , Alexander sent the message `` Look out for your left , your position is turned . '' Evans hastily led 900 of his men from their position fronting the Stone Bridge to a new location on the slopes of Matthews Hill , a low rise to the northwest of his previous position . The Confederate delaying action on Matthews Hill included a spoiling attack launched by Major Roberdeau Wheat 's 1st Louisiana Special Battalion , `` Wheat 's Tigers '' . After Wheat 's command was thrown back , and Wheat seriously wounded , Evans received reinforcement from two other brigades under Brig. Gen. Barnard Bee and Col. Francis S. Bartow , bringing the force on the flank to 2,800 men . They successfully slowed Hunter 's lead brigade ( Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside ) in its attempts to ford Bull Run and advance across Young 's Branch , at the northern end of Henry House Hill . One of Tyler 's brigade commanders , Col. William Tecumseh Sherman , crossed at an unguarded ford and struck the right flank of the Confederate defenders . This surprise attack , coupled with pressure from Burnside and Maj . George Sykes , collapsed the Confederate line shortly after 11 : 30 a.m. , sending them in a disorderly retreat to Henry House Hill . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 4 , Additional Map 5 , Additional Map 6 and Additional Map 7 . ) Noon phase ( edit ) Henry House Hill ( edit ) As they retreated from their Matthews Hill position , the remainder of Evans 's , Bee 's , and Bartow 's commands received some cover from Capt . John D. Imboden and his battery of four 6 - pounder guns , who held off the Union advance while the Confederates attempted to regroup on Henry House Hill . They were met by generals Johnston and Beauregard , who had just arrived from Johnston 's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm , `` Portici '' . Fortunately for the Confederates , McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately , choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts . James B. Ricketts ( Battery I , 1st U.S. Artillery ) and Charles Griffin ( Battery D , 5th U.S. ) from Dogan 's Ridge . Attacks on Henry House Hill , noon -- 2 p.m Union retreat , after 4 p.m. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson 's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon , accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton 's Legion , and Col. J.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry . The Hampton Legion , some 600 men strong , managed to buy Jackson time to construct a defensive line on Henry House Hill by firing repeated volleys at Sherman 's advancing brigade . Hampton had purchased about 400 British Enfield rifles to equip the men with , however it is not clear if his troops had them at Bull Run or if the weapons arrived after the battle . If so , they would have been the only foreign - made weapons on the field . The 79th New York was thoroughly decimated by Hampton 's musket fire and began to disintegrate . Wade Hampton gestured towards their colonel , James Cameron , and remarked `` Look at that brave officer trying to lead his men and they wo n't follow him . '' Shortly afterwards , Cameron , the brother of US Senator Simon Cameron , was fatally wounded . It has been claimed that Hampton deliberately targeted officers of the 79th New York in revenge for the death of his nephew earlier in the day , although he had in fact been killed by soldiers of the 69th New York . Jackson posted his five regiments on the reverse slope of the hill , where they were shielded from direct fire , and was able to assemble 13 guns for the defensive line , which he posted on the crest of the hill ; as the guns fired , their recoil moved them down the reverse slope , where they could be safely reloaded . Meanwhile , McDowell ordered the batteries of Ricketts and Griffin to move from Dogan 's Ridge to the hill for close infantry support . Their 11 guns engaged in a fierce artillery duel across 300 yards ( 270 m ) against Jackson 's 13 . Unlike many engagements in the Civil War , here the Confederate artillery had an advantage . The Union pieces were now within range of the Confederate smoothbores and the predominantly rifled pieces on the Union side were not effective weapons at such close ranges , with many shots fired over the head of their targets . Ruins of Judith Henry 's house , `` Spring Hill '' , after the battle Postwar house on site of Judith Henry house in Manassas Judith Henry grave One of the casualties of the artillery fire was Judith Carter Henry , an 85 - year - old widow and invalid , who was unable to leave her bedroom in the Henry House . As Ricketts began receiving rifle fire , he concluded that it was coming from the Henry House and turned his guns on the building . A shell that crashed through the bedroom wall tore off one of the widow 's feet and inflicted multiple injuries , from which she died later that day . `` The Enemy are driving us '' , Bee exclaimed to Jackson . Jackson , a former U.S. Army officer and professor at the Virginia Military Institute , is said to have replied , `` Then , Sir , we will give them the bayonet . '' Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting , `` There is Jackson standing like a stone wall . Let us determine to die here , and we will conquer . Rally behind the Virginians . '' This exclamation was the source for Jackson 's ( and his brigade 's ) nickname , `` Stonewall '' . Bee was shot through the stomach shortly after speaking and died the next day , thus it is unclear exactly what he meant , moreover none of his subordinates wrote reports of the battle . Col. States Rights Gist , serving as Bee 's aide - de-camp , took command of the brigade . Major Burnett Rhett , chief of staff to General Johnston , claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson 's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee 's and Bartow 's brigades while they were under heavy pressure . Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee 's statement was meant to be pejorative : `` Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall ! '' Artillery commander Griffin decided to move two of his guns to the southern end of his line , hoping to provide enfilade fire against the Confederates . At approximately 3 p.m. , these guns were overrun by the 33rd Virginia , whose men were outfitted in blue uniforms , causing Griffin 's commander , Maj . William F. Barry , to mistake them for Union troops and to order Griffin not to fire on them . Close range volleys from the 33rd Virginia and Stuart 's cavalry attack against the flank of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment ( Ellsworth 's Fire Zouaves ) , which was supporting the battery , killed many of the gunners and scattered the infantry . Capitalizing on this success , Jackson ordered two regiments to charge Ricketts 's guns and they were captured as well . As additional Federal infantry engaged , the guns changed hands several times . Capture of Ricketts ' Battery , painting by Sidney E. King , National Park Service The capture of the Union guns turned the tide of battle . Although McDowell had brought 15 regiments into the fight on the hill , outnumbering the Confederates two to one , no more than two were ever engaged simultaneously . Jackson continued to press his attacks , telling soldiers of the 4th Virginia Infantry , `` Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards ! Then fire and give them the bayonet ! And when you charge , yell like furies ! '' For the first time , Union troops heard the disturbing sound of the Rebel yell . At about 4 p.m. , the last Union troops were pushed off Henry House Hill by a charge of two regiments from Col. Philip St. George Cocke 's brigade . To the west , Chinn Ridge had been occupied by Col. Oliver Otis Howard 's brigade from Heintzelman 's division . Also at 4 p.m. , two Confederate brigades - Col. Jubal Early 's , which had moved from the Confederate right , and Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith 's ( commanded by Col. Arnold Elzey after Smith was wounded ) , which had just arrived from the Shenandoah Valley -- crushed Howard 's brigade . Beauregard ordered his entire line forward . At 5 p.m. everywhere McDowell 's army was disintegrating . Thousands , in large and small groups or as individuals , began to leave the battlefield and head for Centreville . McDowell rode around the field trying to rally regiments and groups of soldiers , but most had had enough . Unable to stop the mass exodus , McDowell gave orders for Porter 's regular infantry battalion , near the intersection of the turnpike and Manassas - Sudley Road , to act as a rear guard as his army withdrew . The unit briefly held the crossroads , then retreated eastward with the rest of the army . McDowell 's force crumbled and began to retreat . ( Further map details , see : Additional Map 8 , Additional Map 9 , Additional Map 10 , Additional Map 11 and Additional Map 12 . ) Union retreat ( edit ) The retreat was relatively orderly up to the Bull Run crossings , but it was poorly managed by the Union officers . A Union wagon was overturned by artillery fire on a bridge spanning Cub Run Creek and incited panic in McDowell 's force . As the soldiers streamed uncontrollably toward Centreville , discarding their arms and equipment , McDowell ordered Col. Dixon S. Miles 's division to act as a rear guard , but it was impossible to rally the army short of Washington . In the disorder that followed , hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner . Wagons and artillery were abandoned , including the 30 - pounder Parrott rifle , which had opened the battle with such fanfare . Expecting an easy Union victory , the wealthy elite of nearby Washington , including congressmen and their families , had come to picnic and watch the battle . When the Union army was driven back in a running disorder , the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages . Since their combined army had been left highly disorganized as well , Beauregard and Johnston did not fully press their advantage , despite urging from Confederate President Jefferson Davis , who had arrived on the battlefield to see the Union soldiers retreating . An attempt by Johnston to intercept the Union troops from his right flank , using the brigades of Brig . Gens . Milledge L. Bonham and James Longstreet , was a failure . The two commanders squabbled with each other and when Bonham 's men received some artillery fire from the Union rear guard , and found that Richardson 's brigade blocked the road to Centreville , he called off the pursuit . In Washington President Lincoln and members of the cabinet waited for news of a Union victory . Instead , a telegram arrived stating `` General McDowell 's army in full retreat through Centreville . The day is lost . Save Washington and the remnants of this army . '' The tidings were happier in the Confederate capital . From the battlefield President Davis telegraphed Richmond , `` We have won a glorious but dear - bought victory . Night closed on the enemy in full flight and closely pursued . '' Aftermath ( edit ) Brief observations ( edit ) First Bull Run was a clash between relatively large , ill - trained bodies of recruits , led by inexperienced officers . Neither army commander was able to deploy his forces effectively ; although nearly 60,000 men were present at the battle , only 18,000 had actually been engaged . Although McDowell had been active on the battlefield , he had expended most of his energy maneuvering nearby regiments and brigades , instead of controlling and coordinating the movements of his army as a whole . Other factors contributed to McDowell 's defeat : Patterson 's failure to hold Johnston in the valley ; McDowell 's two - day delay at Centreville ; allowing Tyler 's division to lead the march on 21 July thus delaying the flanking divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman ; and the 2 1 / 2 - hour delay after the Union victory on Matthews ' Hill , which allowed the Confederates to bring up reinforcements and establish a defensive position on Henry Hill . On Henry Hill Beauregard had also limited his control to the regimental level , generally allowing the battle to continue on its own and only reacting to Union moves . Johnston 's decision to transport his infantry to the battlefield by rail played a major role in the Confederate victory . Although the trains were slow and a lack of sufficient cars did not allow the transport of large numbers of troops at one time , almost all of his army arrived in time to participate in the battle . After reaching Manassas Junction , Johnston had relinquished command of the battlefield to Beauregard , but his forwarding of reinforcements to the scene of fighting was decisive . Jackson and Bee 's brigades had done the largest share of fighting in the battle ; Jackson 's brigade had fought almost alone for four hours and sustained over 50 % casualties . Detailed casualties ( edit ) Bull Run was the largest and bloodiest battle in United States history up to that point . Union casualties were 460 killed , 1,124 wounded , and 1,312 missing or captured ; Confederate casualties were 387 killed , 1,582 wounded , and 13 missing . Among the Union dead was Col. James Cameron , brother of President Lincoln 's first Secretary of War , Simon Cameron . Among the Confederate casualties was Col. Francis S. Bartow , who was the first Confederate brigade commander to be killed in the Civil War . General Bee was mortally wounded and died the following day . Compared to later battles , casualties at First Bull Run had not been especially heavy . Both Union and Confederate killed , wounded , and missing were a little over one thousand seven hundred each . Two Confederate brigade commanders , Jackson and Edmund Kirby - Smith , were wounded in the battle . No Union officers above the regimental level were killed ; two division commanders ( Samuel Heintzelman and David Hunter ) , and one brigade commander ( Orlando Willcox ) were wounded . Union ( edit ) Union casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ARMY OF NORTHEASTERN VIRGINIA Troops Killed Wounded Missing Remarks Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men General staff First Division , General TYLER : First Brigade , Colonel Keyes 19 46 5 149 Eighteen others slightly wounded . Second Brigade , General Schenck 16 15 15 Third Brigade , Colonel Sherman 117 15 193 13 240 Fourth Brigade , Colonel Richardson Not engaged . Guarding Blackburn 's Ford . Total , First Division 6 152 19 254 19 404 Second Division , Colonel HUNTER : First Brigade , Colonel Porter 83 9 139 9 236 Four surgeons missing . Second Brigade , Colonel Burnside 5 35 85 59 Five surgeons missing . Total Second Division 6 118 12 224 11 295 Third Division , Colonel HEINTZELMAN : Division headquarters . First Brigade , Colonel Franklin 68 13 183 22 Second Brigade , Colonel Willcox 70 11 161 186 Third Brigade , Colonel Howard 48 7 108 6 174 Total , Third Division 6 186 32 452 10 382 Fourth Division , General RUNYON In reserve on the Potomac . Fifth Division , Colonel MILES : First Brigade Colonel Blenker 6 16 94 Second Brigade , Colonel Davies Total , Fifth Division 6 17 95 Grand total 19 462 64 947 40 1,176 Union artillery lost in the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Batteries Commanders Guns lost Remarks Rifled Smooth Total First U.S. Artillery , Company G ( two 20 - pounder Parrotts , one 30 - pounder Parrott ) . Lieutenant Edwards 20 - pounders saved First U.S. Artillery , Company I ( six 10 - pounder Parrots ) Captain Ricketts 6 6 None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company D Captain Arnold None saved Second U.S. Artillery , Company E ( two 13 - pounder James , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Carlisle Two 6 - pounders saved Fifth S. Artillery ( Company D ) , ( two 10 - pounder Parrotts , two 6 - pounders ( old ) , two 12 - pounder howitzers ) . Captain Griffin 5 One 10 - pounder saved Rhode Island Battery ( six 13 - pounder James ) 5 5 One saved Total lost 17 8 25 Confederate ( edit ) Confederate casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . Command Killed Wounded Missing Aggregate Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men Officers Enlisted Men ARMY OF THE POTOMAC INFANTRY First Louisiana ( battalion ) 8 5 33 48 Seventh Louisiana 23 26 Thirteenth Mississippi 6 6 Seventeenth Mississippi 9 11 Eighteenth Mississippi 6 28 38 Fifth North Carolina Second South Carolina 5 6 37 48 Fourth South Carolina 10 9 70 6 96 Fifth South Carolina 23 26 Eighth South Carolina 5 20 28 Hampton Legion 19 100 121 First Virginia 6 6 Seventh Virginia 9 37 47 Eighth Virginia 6 23 30 Seventeenth Virginia Eighteenth Virginia 6 12 19 Nineteenth Virginia 6 Twenty - eighth Virginia 9 9 Forty - ninth Virginia 9 29 40 ARTILLERY Alexandria Light Artillery Latham 's Loudoun Washington ( La . ) CAVALRY Thirtieth Virginia 9 Hanover ARMY OF THE SHENANDOAH INFANTRY Fourth Alabama 36 6 151 Seventh Georgia 18 12 122 Eighth Georgia 38 6 153 First Maryland 5 Second Mississippi 21 79 Eleventh Mississippi 7 21 Sixth North Carolina 22 46 Third Tennessee Second Virginia 15 69 Fourth Virginia 30 100 Fifth Virginia 6 47 Tenth Virginia 6 10 Twenty - seventh Virginia 18 122 Thirty - third Virginia 44 101 Total First Corps 6 99 29 490 12 632 Total Second Corps 19 263 34 1,029 Grand total 25 362 63 1,519 12 632 Today will be known as BLACK MONDAY . We are utterly and disgracefully routed , beaten , whipped by secessionists . -- Union diarist George Templeton Strong If the war had turned out to be of short duration , Bull Run would have been a disaster for the Union . But if , as now seemed more plausible , a long and nasty war was inevitable , that battle had a curiously salutary effect for the Union side . It provided a wake - up call for those optimists -- like Seward or even Lincoln -- who had hoped for or counted on a quick result . -- David Detzer , Donnybrook Bull Run was a turning point in the American Civil War ... in the sense that the battle struck with impelling force upon public opinion at home and abroad , upon Congress , and upon the Commander - in - chief . It framed new patterns of thought and led to far - reaching changes in the conduct of the war . The failure at Bull Run inspired a second Northern rising . Volunteering accelerated , 90 - day men reenlisted , states rushed fresh regiments forward in plenitude ... As they realized victory would not come readily , a new mood fastened upon Northerners . An iron resolve entered the Northern soul ... -- James A. Rawley , Turning Points of the Civil War Effect on the Union and subsequent events ( edit ) Union forces and civilians alike feared that Confederate forces would advance on Washington , D.C. , with very little standing in their way . On July 24 , Prof. Thaddeus S.C. Lowe ascended in the balloon Enterprise to observe the Confederates moving in and about Manassas Junction and Fairfax . He saw no evidence of massing Confederate forces , but was forced to land in Confederate territory . It was overnight before he was rescued and could report to headquarters . He reported that his observations `` restored confidence '' to the Union commanders . The Northern public was shocked at the unexpected defeat of their army when an easy victory had been widely anticipated . Both sides quickly came to realize the war would be longer and more brutal than they had imagined . On July 22 President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service . On July 25 , eleven thousand Pennsylvanians who had earlier been rejected by the U.S. Secretary of War , Simon Cameron , for federal service in either Patterson 's or McDowell 's command arrived in Washington , D.C. , and were finally accepted . Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another , smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , near Leesburg , Virginia . The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball 's Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War , a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs . Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run , the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell 's army . Although the committee 's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson 's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard , Patterson 's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle , and he was no longer in the service . The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat , and McDowell bore the chief blame . On 25 July 1861 , he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , who would soon be named general - in - chief of all the Union armies . McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope 's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later , at the Second Battle of Bull Run . Effect on the Confederacy ( edit ) The reaction in the Confederacy was more muted . There was little public celebration as the Southerners realized that despite their victory , the greater battles that would inevitably come would mean greater losses for their side as well . Once the euphoria of victory had worn off , Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers . Beauregard was considered the Confederate hero of the battle and was promoted that day by C.S. President Davis to full general in the Confederate army . Stonewall Jackson , arguably the most important tactical contributor to the victory , received no special recognition , but would later achieve glory for his 1862 Valley Campaign . Privately , Davis credited Greenhow with ensuring Confederate victory . Jordan sent a telegram to Greenhow : `` Our President and our General direct me to thank you . We rely upon you for further information . The Confederacy owes you a debt . ( Signed ) JORDAN , Adjutant - General . '' The battle also had long - term psychological consequences . The decisive victory led to a degree of over-confidence on the part of Confederate forces , while prompting a determined organizational effort on the part of the Union . In hindsight commentators on both sides agreed that the one - sided outcome `` proved the greatest misfortune that would have befallen the Confederacy '' . Although modern historians generally agree with this interpretation , James M. McPherson has argued that the esprit de corps attained by Confederate troops on the heels of their victory , together with a new sense of insecurity felt by northern commanders , also gave the Confederacy a military edge in the following months . Confederate victory : turning point of the American Civil War ( edit ) Further information : Turning point of the American Civil War § Confederate victory in First Battle of Bull Run ( July 1861 ) `` Bull Run '' vs. `` Manassas '' ( edit ) The name of the battle has caused controversy since 1861 . The Union Army frequently named battles after significant rivers and creeks that played a role in the fighting ; the Confederates generally used the names of nearby towns or farms . The U.S. National Park Service uses the Confederate name for its national battlefield park , but the Union name ( Bull Run ) also has widespread currency in popular literature . Confusion between the battle flags ( edit ) Battlefield confusion between the battle flags , especially the similarity of the Confederacy 's `` Stars and Bars '' and the Union 's `` Stars and Stripes '' when fluttering , led to the adoption of the Confederate Battle Flag , which eventually became the most popular symbol of the Confederacy and the South in general . Conclusions ( edit ) First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle , and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict . The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men . One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run , now combat veterans , would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield at the Second Battle of Bull Run / Manassas . Additional battle maps ( edit ) Gallery : the First Bull Run hour by hour ( edit ) Map 1 : Situation Mid-July 1861 Map 2 : Beauregard 's defensive situation ( Mid-July 1861 ) Map 3 : Situation at 05 : 30 - 06 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 4 : Situation at 10 : 30 - 11 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 5 : Situation at 11 : 00 - 11 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 6 : Situation at 12 : 00 - 12 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 7 : Situation at 13 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 8 : Situation at 14 : 30 - 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 9 : Situation at 15 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 10 : Situation at 15 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 11 : Situation at 16 : 00 ( July 21 , 1861 ) Map 12 : Situation at 16 : 30 - 17 : 30 ( July 21 , 1861 ) In popular culture ( edit ) The First Battle of Bull Run is mentioned in the novel Gods and Generals , but is depicted more fully in its film adaptation . The battle forms the climax of the film Class of ' 61 . It also appears in the first episode of the second season of the mini-series North and South , in the second episode of the first season of the mini-series How the West Was Won and in the first episode of the mini-series The Blue and the Gray . Manassas ( 1999 ) is the first volume in the James Reasoner Civil War Series of historical novels . The battle is described in Rebel ( 1993 ) , the first volume of Bernard Cornwell 's The Starbuck Chronicles series of historical novels . The battle is described from the viewpoint of a Union infantryman in Upton Sinclair 's novella Manassas , which also depicts the political turmoil leading up to the Civil War . The battle is also depicted in John Jakes 's The Titans , the fifth novel in The Kent Family Chronicles , a series that explores the fictional Confederate cavalry officer Gideon Kent . The battle is the subject of the Johnny Horton song , `` Battle of Bull Run '' . Shaman , second in the Cole family trilogy by Noah Gordon , includes an account of the battle . The battle is also depicted in the song `` Yankee Bayonet '' by indie - folk band The Decemberists . In Murder at 1600 , Detective Harlan Regis ( Wesley Snipes ) has built a plan - relief of the battle which plays a certain role in the plot . Sesquicentennial ( edit ) The National Jubilee of Peace building at Grant and Lee avenues in Manassas , Virginia , is draped with the U.S. flag for the 150th anniversary commemoration , held on July 21 , 2011 , of the First Battle of Bull Run . Prince William County staged special events commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War through 2011 . Manassas was named the No. 1 tourist destination in the United States for 2011 by the American Bus Association for its efforts in highlighting the historical impact of the Civil War . The cornerstone of the commemoration event featured a reenactment of the battle on July 23 -- 24 , 2011 . Throughout the year , there were tours of the Manassas battlefield and other battlefields in the county and a number of related events and activities . The City of Manassas commemorated the 150th anniversary of the battle July 21 -- 24 , 2011 . Battlefield preservation ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park . Located north of Manassas , in Prince William County , Virginia , it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles : the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21 , 1861 , and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30 , 1862 ( also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas , respectively ) . The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North ( Union ) and the South ( Confederacy ) , and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname `` Stonewall . '' Today the National Battlefield Park provides the opportunity for visitors to explore the historic terrain where men fought and died more than a century ago . More than 900,000 people visit the battlefield each year . ( In comparison , roughly 15 million people annually visit nearby Washington , DC . ) As a historic area under the National Park Service , the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15 , 1966 . See also ( edit ) American Civil War portal Second Battle of Bull Run Armies in the American Civil War Troop engagements of the American Civil War , 1861 List of costliest American Civil War land battles Origins of the American Civil War Battle of Fort Sumter Manassas Campaign Manassas National Battlefield Park Bull Run Mountains Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps Notes ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : National Park Service . Jump up ^ National Park Service Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 314 -- 315 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II pages 469 -- 470 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Abtract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia , commanded by Brigadier - General McDowell , U.S.A. , for July 16 and 17 , 1861 ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 309 ) . ^ Jump up to : Strength figures vary by source . Eicher , p. 87 - 88 : 35,000 Union , 32,000 Confederate ; Esposito , map 19 : 35,000 Union , 29,000 Confederate ; Ballard , 35,000 Union ( 18,000 engaged ) , 34,000 Confederate ( 18,000 engaged ) ; Salmon , p. 20 : 28,450 Union , 32,230 Confederate ; Kennedy , p. 14 : 35,000 Union , 33,000 Confederate ; Livermore , p. 77 : 28,452 Union `` effectives '' , 32,323 Confederate engaged . Writing in The Century Magazine , adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,572 Union men ( including stragglers not on the field ) and 24 guns engaged , Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine . 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 and pages 568 -- 569 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties at the battle of Bull Run , July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 327 ) . Jump up ^ 2,896 ( 460 killed ; 1,124 wounded ; 1,312 captured / missing ) , according to Eicher , p. 99 . ^ Jump up to : Further information : Casualties in the Army of the Potomac ( Confederate ) July 21 , 1861 . ( Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 570 ) . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page V ( Preface ) . Jump up ^ Ballard , 3 . Jump up ^ Ballard , 4 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 4 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 77 ; Williams , p. 21 ; McPherson , p. 336 ; Davis , p. 110 , attributes the remark to general - in - chief Winfield Scott . ^ Jump up to : Fishel , Edwin C. , The Secret War For The Union : The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War , Boston : Houghton Mifflin , 1996 , pp. 59 -- 63 ^ Jump up to : `` Greenhow , Rose O'Neal '' , ( 1817 -- 1864 ) , The National Archives -- People Description. 1817 -- 1864 , ( accessed February 5 , 2013 ) Jump up ^ `` Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow '' , National Archives and Records Administration , World Digital Library Jump up ^ Davis , pp. 110 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 8 . ^ Jump up to : Livermore , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 9 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 10 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 91 -- 100 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 187 . Jump up ^ Beatie , pp. 285 -- 88 ; Esposito , text for Map 21 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 94 ; Esposito , Map 22 . Jump up ^ Masur , Kate ( July 27 , 2011 ) . `` Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run '' . The New York Times . New York : The New York Times Company . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hall , Andy ( February 20 , 2015 ) . `` Memory : Frederick Douglass ' Black Confederate '' . Dead Confederates : A Civil War Blog . WordPress . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2016 . Retrieved March 5 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 312 . Jump up ^ Brown , pp. 43 -- 45 ; Alexander , pp. 50 -- 51 . Alexander recalls that the signal was `` You are flanked . '' Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 312 -- 13 ; Rafuse , A Single Grand Victory `` , p. 131 ; Esposito , Map 22 ; Eicher , pp. 94 -- 95 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 95 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 313 ; Eicher , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Salmon , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 314 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 357 ; Davis , pp. 204 -- 05 . Jump up ^ Robertson , p. 264 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 82 ; Robertson , p. 264 . McPherson , p. 342 , reports the quotation after `` stone wall '' as being `` Rally around the Virginians ! '' Jump up ^ See , for instance , McPherson , p. 342 . There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all . See Freeman , vol. 1 , pp. 733 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 96 -- 98 ; Esposito , Map 23 ; Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 314 -- 15 ; McPherson , pp. 342 -- 44 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , p. 315 ; Eicher , p. 98 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 32 . Jump up ^ Rafuse , `` First Battle of Bull Run '' , pp. 315 -- 16 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 344 ; Eicher , p. 98 ; Esposito , Map 24 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 76 ; Esposito , Map 24 ; Davis , p. 149 . Jump up ^ Ballard , page 35 . Jump up ^ Ballard , pages 35 -- 36 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 99 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 434 -- 435 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 383 . ^ Jump up to : Ballard , page 36 . Jump up ^ Further information : Official Records , Series I , Volume II page 328 . Jump up ^ Eicher , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Detzer , p. 488 . Jump up ^ Rawley , pp. 56 -- 57 . Jump up ^ Haydon , pp. 192 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Rawley , p. 58 . Jump up ^ Curtin , Andrew G. ( January 8 , 1862 ) . `` Message of Andrew G. Curtin , Governor of Pennsylvania , to the Legislature , '' . Executive Department : 8 . Jump up ^ Eicher , pp. 100 -- 101 . Jump up ^ Detzer , pp. 492 -- 93 . Jump up ^ Freeman , vol. 1 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Greenhow , Rose O'Neal , My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington , London : Richard Bentley , 1863 , p. 18 , full text online at Documenting the American South , University of North Carolina Jump up ^ James M. McPherson ( 1988 ) . The Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford University Press . pp. 347 -- 350 . ISBN 9780199743902 . Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 346 , n . 7 . McPherson 's popular one - volume history of the war uses the two names interchangeably because he states that `` neither name has any intrinsic superiority over the other . '' Jump up ^ McPherson , p. 342 . Jump up ^ `` Plan a trip and discover your story '' . visitpwc.com . Jump up ^ `` manassascivilwar.org '' . manassascivilwar.org . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washington DC GO ! References ( edit ) Alexander , Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy : The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander . Edited by Gary W. Gallagher . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press , 1989 . ISBN 0 - 8078 - 4722 - 4 . Ballard , Ted . First Battle of Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide . Washington , DC : United States Army Center of Military History , 2003 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 16 - 068078 - 6 . This article incorporates text from this source , which is in the public domain . Beatie , Russel H. Army of the Potomac : Birth of Command , November 1860 -- September 1861 . New York : Da Capo Press , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81141 - 3 . Brown , J. Willard . The Signal Corps , U.S.A. in the War of the Rebellion . U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association , 1896 . Reprinted 1974 by Arno Press . ISBN 0 - 405 - 06036 - X . Davis , William C. , and the Editors of Time - Life Books . First Blood : Fort Sumter to Bull Run . Alexandria , VA : Time - Life Books , 1983 . ISBN 0 - 8094 - 4704 - 5 . Detzer , David . Donnybrook : The Battle of Bull Run , 1861 . New York : Harcourt , 2004 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 15 - 603143 - 1 . Eicher , David J. The Longest Night : A Military History of the Civil War . New York : Simon & Schuster , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 84944 - 5 . Esposito , Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars . New York : Frederick A. Praeger , 1959 . OCLC 5890637 . The collection of maps ( without explanatory text ) is available online at the West Point website . Praeger , 1959 . Freeman , Douglas S. Lee 's Lieutenants : A Study in Command . 3 vols . New York : Scribner , 1946 . ISBN 0 - 684 - 85979 - 3 . Haydon , F. Stansbury . Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 1941 . ISBN 0 - 8018 - 6442 - 9 . Livermore , Thomas L. Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America 1861 -- 65 . Reprinted with errata , Dayton , OH : Morninside House , 1986 . ISBN 0 - 527 - 57600 - X . First published in 1901 by Houghton Mifflin . McPherson , James M. Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era . Oxford History of the United States . New York : Oxford University Press , 1988 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 503863 - 0 . Rafuse , Ethan S. `` First Battle of Bull Run . '' In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War : A Political , Social , and Military History , edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler . New York : W.W. Norton & Company , 2000 . ISBN 0 - 393 - 04758 - X . Rafuse , Ethan S. A Single Grand Victory : The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas . The American Crisis Series . Wilmington , DE : SR Books , 2002 . ISBN 0 - 8420 - 2875 - 7 . Rawley , James A. Turning Points of the Civil War . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press , 1966 . ISBN 0 - 8032 - 8935 - 9 . Robertson , James I. , Jr . Stonewall Jackson : The Man , The Soldier , The Legend . New York : MacMillan Publishing , 1997 . ISBN 0 - 02 - 864685 - 1 . Salmon , John S . The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books , 2001 . ISBN 0 - 8117 - 2868 - 4 . Williams , T. Harry . Lincoln and His Generals . New York : Alfred A. Knopf , 1952 . ISBN 0 - 9654382 - 6 - 0 . National Park Service battle description Professor Thaddeus Lowe 's Official Report ( Part I ) Memoirs and primary sources ( edit ) Dyer , Frederick H. , A compendium of the War of the Rebellion , Volume 1 , 1908 , Des Moines IA Longstreet , James . From Manassas to Appomattox : Memoirs of the Civil War in America . New York : Da Capo Press , 1992 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 80464 - 6 . First published in 1896 by J.B. Lippincott and Co . Robert Underwood Johnson , Clarence Clough Buell , Battles and Leaders of the Civil War : The Opening Battles , Volume 1 ( Pdf ) , New York : The Century Co. , 1887 . U.S. War Department , The War of the Rebellion : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1880 -- 1901 Further reading ( edit ) Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bull Run . Cunningham , Horace H. ( 1968 ) . Field medical services at the Battles of Manassas ( Bull Run ) . Athens : University of Georgia Press . ISBN 9780820333557 . Retrieved 20 February 2018 . Davis , William C. Battle at Bull Run : A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1977 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0867 - 7 . Goldfield , David , et al . The American Journey : A History of the United States . 2nd ed . New York : Prentice Hall , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 13 - 088243 - 7 . Gottfried , Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run : An atlas of the First Bull Run ( Manassas ) Campaign , including the Battle of Ball 's Bluff , June -- October 1861 . El Dorado Hills , CA : Savas Beatie , 2009 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 932714 - 60 - 9 . Hankinson , Alan . First Bull Run 1861 : The South 's First Victory . Osprey Campaign Series # 10 . London : Osprey Publishing , 1991 . ISBN 1 - 85532 - 133 - 5 . Hennessy , John , Ethan Rafuse , and Harry Smeltzer . `` Historians ' Forum : The First Battle of Bull Run . '' Civil War History 57 # 2 ( June 2011 ) : 106 -- 120 . Hines , Blaikie . The Battle of First Bull Run , Manassas Campaign -- July 16 -- 22 , 1861 : An Illustrated Atlas and Battlefield Guide . Maine : American Patriot Press , 2011 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 61364 - 129 - 3 . Longacre , Edward G . The Early Morning of War : Bull Run , 1861 ( 2014 ) . Rable , George . `` The Battlefield and Beyond . '' Civil War History 53 # 3 ( September 2007 ) : 244 -- 51 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to First Battle of Bull Run . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manassas National Battlefield Park . Battle of Bull Run : Battle maps , photos , history articles , and battlefield news ( Civil War Trust ) `` Map of the Battles of Bull Run , 1861 '' , prepared by Army engineer , National Archives and Record Administration , at World Digital Library Manassas National Battlefield Park website First Battle of Manassas : An End to Innocence , a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places ( TwHP ) lesson plan Harper 's Weekly 1861 Report on the Battle of Bull Run Civil War Home website on First Bull Run Animated history of the First Battle of Bull Run FirstBullRun.co.uk The First Battle of Bull Run public domain audiobook at LibriVox First Manassas Campaign with Official Records and Reports Map of the Battles of Bull Run Near Manassas . Solomon Bamberger . Zoomable high - resolution map . Newspaper coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run Manassas Civil War 150th Anniversary July 21 -- 24 , 2011 at the Library of Congress Web Archives ( archived 2011 - 05 - 05 ) Texts on Wikisource : Guernsey , Alfred H. ( 1879 ) . `` Bull Run '' . The American Cyclopædia . Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 1861 Campaigns Chesapeake blockade ( May -- Jun ) Western Virginia ( Jun -- Dec ) Manassas ( Jul ) Carolina coast blockade ( Aug ) McClellan 's Operations ( Oct -- Dec ) Potomac blockade ( Oct -- Jan 1862 ) Major battles Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run 1862 Campaigns Burnside 's NC Expedition ( Feb -- Jun ) Jackson 's Valley ( Mar -- Jun ) Peninsula ( Mar -- Jul ) Northern Virginia ( Jul - Sep ) Maryland ( Sep ) Fredericksburg ( Nov -- Dec ) Goldsboro Expedition ( Dec ) Major battles Hampton Roads Williamsburg Seven Pines Seven Days Battles Oak Grove Beaver Dam Creek Gaines 's Mill Garnett 's & Golding 's Farm Savage 's Station White Oak Swamp Glendale Malvern Hill 2nd Bull Run Antietam Fredericksburg 1863 Campaigns Tidewater Operations ( Mar -- Apr ) Chancellorsville ( Apr -- May ) Gettysburg ( Jun -- Jul ) Bristoe ( Oct -- Nov ) Mine Run ( Nov -- Dec ) Major battles Chancellorsville Gettysburg 1864 Campaigns Valley Campaigns ( May -- Oct ) : Lynchburg , Early 's B&O Raid , Sheridan 's Campaign Operations Against Plymouth ( Apr -- May ) Bermuda Hundred ( May ) Overland ( May -- Jun ) Petersburg ( Jun -- Mar 1865 ) Major battles Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House North Anna Cold Harbor Trevilian Station 2nd Petersburg Crater 2nd Deep Bottom Globe Tavern 3rd Winchester Chaffin 's Farm Cedar Creek Boydton Plank Road 1865 Campaigns Wilmington ( Dec -- Feb ) Appomattox ( Mar -- Apr ) Major battles 2nd Fort Fisher Bentonville Fort Stedman Five Forks 3rd Petersburg Sailor 's Creek Appomattox Court House Armies James Potomac Virginia Shenandoah Northern Virginia Geography Departments Monongahela Susquehanna Landforms Cumberland Valley Gettysburg - Newark Lowlands Shenandoah Valley Fairfax County in the American Civil War Battles Battle of Blackburn 's Ford Battle of Chantilly Battle of Dranesville Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1861 ) Battle of Fairfax Court House ( June 1863 ) First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Vienna , Virginia Skirmishes Bog Wallow Ambush Raids Burke 's Station Raid Mosby 's Raids Units 8th Virginia Infantry 17th Virginia Infantry 1st Virginia Cavalry 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry Georgia Hussars ( later Jeff Davis Cavalry Legion , Company F ) 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry 3rd Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment 45th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment 16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry First New Jersey Brigade 2nd Vermont Brigade XXII Corps ( Union Army ) Union Army Balloon Corps People Clara Barton Michael Corcoran Antonia Ford Thaddeus Lowe John Quincy Marr John S. 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Udvar - Hazy Center Washington and Old Dominion Railway Fort Belvoir Transportation Air Manassas Regional Airport Washington Dulles International Airport Roads Fairfax County Parkway Springfield Interchange Virginia State Route 123 Dulles Toll Road ( VA 267 ) Transit Fairfax Connector Silver Line Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line Fredericksburg Line Culture Battles Battle of Chantilly First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Celebrate Fairfax ! Education George Mason University University of Fairfax Northern Virginia Community College Prince William County , Virginia Northern Virginia Washington Metropolitan Area Administration Prince William Board of County Supervisors Prince William County Public Schools Prince William County Department of Parks & Recreation Prince William County Public Library Prince William County Department of Fire and Rescue Prince William County Police Department Prince William County Sheriff 's Office Organizations Prince William Chamber of Commerce Landmarks National Museum of the Marine Corps Marine Corps Base Quantico Hylton Performing Arts Center Manassas National Battlefield Park Jiffy Lube Live Old Dominion Speedway Prince William Forest Park Leesylvania State Park Potomac Mills Transportation OmniRide Washington Dulles International Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Manassas Regional Airport Prince William Parkway Virginia State Route 234 Interstate 66 Interstate 95 U.S. Route 1 Culture Battles First Battle of Bull Run Second Battle of Bull Run Events Dale City 4th of July Parade Education George Mason University Northern Virginia Community College Strayer University University of Northern Virginia Municipalities and communities of Prince William County , Virginia , United States County seat : Manassas Towns Dumfries Haymarket Occoquan Quantico CDPs Buckhall Bull Run Bull Run Mountain Estates Cherry Hill County Center Dale City Gainesville Independent Hill Lake Ridge Linton Hall Loch Lomond Marumsco Montclair Neabsco Nokesville Potomac Mills Quantico Base ‡ Sudley Triangle Woodbridge Yorkshire Unincorporated communities Aden Agnewville Antioch Batestown Bethel Brentsville Bristow Buckland Canova Catharpin Cornwell Featherstone Greenwich Groveton Hickory Ridge Hoadly Joplin Kopp Locust Hill Minnieville Rixlew Southbridge Sudley Springs Thoroughfare Wellington West Gate Footnotes ‡ This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Bull_Run&oldid=846189362 '' Categories : Fairfax County in the American Civil War Manassas Campaign Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Confederate victories of the American Civil War Prince William County in the American Civil War Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries 1861 in the American Civil War 1861 in Virginia July 1861 events Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 : Julian -- Gregorian uncertainty Use mdy dates from November 2013 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata Articles needing additional references from July 2017 All articles needing additional references Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Articles with LibriVox links Webarchive template other archives Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikisource Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 21 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 June 2018 , at 00 : 18 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who won the first battle of the civil war at bull run | ["The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces."] | ['Confederate forces'] | The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. |
[question]: What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War?
[answer]: The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas. | What was the name of the first major battle of the American Civil War? | The first major battle of the American Civil War was the First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas. | 1 | 7.505977 | 24 | 108 | 1 |
16,302 | 901,060,719,166,247,000 | The Power of Now | The Power of Now - wikipedia The Power of Now Jump to : navigation , search The Power of Now : A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment New World Library printing of the book Author Eckhart Tolle Language English Subject Spirituality , Psychology Published 1997 ( Namaste Publishing ) 1999 ( New World Library ) Media type Print Pages 236 ISBN 978 - 1 - 57731 - 152 - 2 OCLC 42061039 Dewey Decimal 291.4 / 4 21 LC Class BL624 . T64 1999 The Power of Now : A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment is a book by Eckhart Tolle . The book is intended to be a guide for day - to - day living and stresses the importance of living in the present moment and avoiding thoughts of the past or future . Published in the late 1990s , the book was recommended by Oprah Winfrey and has been translated into 33 languages . As of 2009 , it was estimated that three million copies had been sold in North America . Contents ( hide ) 1 Overview 2 Selected chapters 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chapter two : `` Consciousness : The Way Out of Pain '' 2.3 Chapter three : `` Moving Deeply Into the Now '' 2.4 Chapter four : `` Mind Strategies for Avoiding the Now '' 3 Reception 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Overview ( edit ) The book draws from a variety of `` spiritual traditions '' , and has been described by one reviewer as `` Buddhism mixed with mysticism and a few references to Jesus Christ , a sort of New Age re-working of Zen . '' It uses these traditions to describe a `` belief system based on living in the present moment '' . Its core message is that people 's emotional problems are rooted in their identification with their minds . The author writes that an individual should be aware of their `` present moment '' instead of losing themselves in worry and anxiety about the past or future . According to the book , only the present moment is important , and both an individual 's past and future is created by their thoughts . The author maintains that people 's insistence that they have control of their life is an illusion `` that only brings pain '' . The book also describes methods of relaxation and meditation to aid readers in anchoring themselves in the present . These suggestions include slowing down life by avoiding multi-tasking , spending time in nature , and letting go of worries about the future . Some of the concepts contained in The Power of Now , such as the human ego and its negative effects on happiness , are further elaborated in the author 's later books , in particular A New Earth : Awakening to Your Life 's Purpose ( 2005 ) . Selected chapters ( edit ) The chapters of the book are : `` Introduction '' , `` You Are Not Your Mind '' , `` Consciousness : The Way Out of Pain '' , `` Moving Deeply into the Now '' , `` Mind Strategies for Avoiding the Now '' , `` The State of Presence '' , `` The Inner Body '' , `` Portals into the Unmanifested '' , `` Enlightened Relationships '' , `` Beyond Happiness and Unhappiness There Is Peace '' and `` The Meaning of Surrender '' . Various chapters emphasize a `` philosophy '' of destroying the `` destructive dominance of the mind and ego '' in an effort to overcome `` the pain body '' . According to the author , his philosophy is directed towards people and their search for personal happiness and also has the potential to give insight into `` historical disasters '' like the justification of an `` evil '' political system such as Communism . Introduction ( edit ) In the book 's introduction the author relates his past experiences of `` continuous anxiety '' with periods of `` suicidal depression '' . Later , when he was 29 years old , he had a `` personal epiphany '' and writes : `` I heard the words ' resist nothing ' as if spoken inside my chest . '' He relates that he felt as if he were falling into a void and afterwards `` there was no more fear . '' Chapter two : `` consciousness : the Way out of pain '' ( edit ) In chapter two , Tolle tells the reader that they must recognize their personal ego `` without the ego creating an antagonistic response to its own denial or destruction '' and explains the purposelessness of the `` mental pain and anguish '' that people hold on to . According to the book : `` The pain - body consists of trapped life - energy that has split off from your total energy field and has temporarily become autonomous through the unnatural process of mind identification . '' In this chapter the author writes : `` pain can only feed on pain . Pain can not feed on joy . It finds it quite indigestible '' . The author goes on to write that `` many people live with a tormentor in their head that continuously attacks and punishes them and drains them of vital energy . It is the cause of untold misery and unhappiness . '' Chapter three : `` Moving Deeply into the Now '' ( edit ) In chapter three , the author writes : `` In the normal , mind - identified or unenlightened state of consciousness , the power and creative potential that lie concealed in the Now are completely obscured by psychological time . You can not find yourself by going into the past . You can find yourself by coming into the present . Life is now . There was never a time when your life was not now , nor will there ever be . '' Chapter four : `` mind Strategies for avoiding the Now '' ( edit ) In chapter four , Tolle says that `` tomorrow 's bills are not the problem '' and can be a `` core delusion '' that changes a `` mere situation , event or emotion '' into a reason for suffering and unhappiness . The book also calls `` waiting '' a `` state of mind '' that we should snap ourselves out of . Reception ( edit ) The book was originally published in 1997 by Namaste Publishing in Vancouver . It was republished in 1999 by New World Library , and this edition reached and remained on the New York Times bestseller list for years afterwards . The book has been translated into 33 languages , including Arabic . In 2000 , the book was listed as recommended reading in Oprah Winfrey 's O magazine and , according to Winfrey , the actress Meg Ryan also recommended it . By 2009 an estimated three million copies of the book had been sold . A Christian author , Andrew Ryder , wrote a dissertation saying that `` Tolle moves the traditional ( Christian ) teaching forward by illustrating how our obsession with the past and the future ... ( prevents ) us from giving our full attention to the present moment . '' William Bloom , a spokesperson for the holistic , mind - body - spirit movement in the UK , wrote that `` Tolle 's approach is very body aware . He 's done it in a nice accessible way for people . '' Some reviewers were more critical of the book . According to a review in the Telegraph Herald , the book is not very well - written but contains some good teachings . Andrea Sachs wrote in TIME magazine that the book is `` awash in spiritual mumbo jumbo '' and `` unhelpful for those looking for practical advice '' . An article in The Independent said that `` there is not very much new about The Power of Now '' and described it as `` a sort of New Age re-working of Zen . '' In popular culture ( edit ) When Paris Hilton was incarcerated at the Century Regional Detention Facility in California in June 2007 she brought with her a copy of The Power of Now . Singer Annie Lennox chose The Power of Now as one of her `` desert island books '' . Singer Katy Perry stated that she was inspired to write `` This Moment '' , a song from her 2013 album Prism , after she heard the audio book of The Power of Now . See also ( edit ) Autobiography of a Yogi Mindfulness Satipatthana Be Here Now References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Tolle , Power of Now , 2005 , p. xi . ^ Jump up to : From Power to Purpose USA Today , March 2 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Eckhart Tolle Biography New York Times , Times Topics , March 5 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Ken MacQueen ( 2009 - 10 - 22 ) . `` Eckhart Tolle vs. God '' . Macleans.ca . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 24 . `` The two foundational books of his teachings , The Power of Now , initially published in Vancouver in 1997 with a press run of 3,000 , and its follow - up , A New Earth , have North American sales alone of three million and five million copies respectively , and are sold globally in 33 languages . '' ^ Jump up to : Christian , Rebecca ( March 1 , 2003 ) . `` Good books brighten dull March days ; Doldrums : Looming threat of war , grim economy add up to the blues '' . The Telegraph Herald . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Philippidou , Photini ( July 21 , 2008 ) . `` Tolle in his own words : The Power of Now '' . The Independent . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Staff reporter . `` Eckhart Tolle '' . NY Times . Retrieved July 12 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Staff reporter ( June 21 , 2008 ) . The Independent `` Eckhart Tolle : This Man Could Change Your Life '' Check url = value ( help ) . The Independent . Retrieved July 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Shields , Rachel ( August 3 , 2009 ) . `` How to live in the moment '' . The Independent . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Tolle , The Power of Now , 2005 , `` Contents '' Jump up ^ McKinley , Jesse ( March 26 , 2008 ) . `` The moment is now for a popular guru '' . International Herald Tribune . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Staff writer . `` The Power of Now : A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment Review '' . PuaLingo . Retrieved July 11 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Stephen , Jaci ( August 26 ) . `` Jaci Stephen : ' I 've started to see my debt differently . It is joyous , of the now '' . London : The Independent . Retrieved July 12 , 2013 . Check date values in : date = ( help ) Jump up ^ Staff reporter ( April 1 , 2010 ) . `` KALIMA publishes Eckhart Tolle 's ' A New Earth and the Power of Now ' in Arabic '' . WAM - United Arab Emirates News Agency . Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Ryder , Andrew . `` The Sacrament of Now '' ( PDF ) . The Way . Retrieved July 12 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Sachs , Andrea ( 2003 - 04 - 21 ) . `` Channeling Ram Dass '' . Time . Jump up ^ Gundersen , Edna ( September 13 , 2013 ) . `` Katy Perry sheds light on ' Prism ' at L.A. preview event '' . USA Today . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : The Power of Now Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Power_of_Now&oldid=809371673 '' Categories : New Age books 1997 books Books about spirituality Self - help books Hidden categories : Pages using web citations with no URL Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Pages with URL errors CS1 errors : dates Pages to import images to Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Français ไทย Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 8 November 2017 , at 18 : 07 . About Wikipedia | is the power of now a religious book | ['The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment is a book by Eckhart Tolle. The book is intended to be a guide for day-to-day living and stresses the importance of living in the present moment and avoiding thoughts of the past or future.'] | ['The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment is a book by Eckhart Tolle. The book is intended to be a guide for day-to-day living and stresses the importance of living in the present moment and avoiding thoughts of the past or future.'] | The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment is a book by Eckhart Tolle. The book is intended to be a guide for day-to-day living and stresses the importance of living in the present moment and avoiding thoughts of the past or future. |
[question]: What is the name of the book written by Eckhart Tolle?
[answer]: The book written by Eckhart Tolle is called "The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment". | What is the name of the book written by Eckhart Tolle? | The book written by Eckhart Tolle is called "The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment". | 1 | 7.499607 | 17 | 44 | 1 |
2,978 | -3,232,428,630,222,566,400 | To Kill a Mockingbird | To Kill a Mockingbird - wikipedia To Kill a Mockingbird Jump to : navigation , search For the film based on the novel , see To Kill a Mockingbird ( film ) . To Kill a Mockingbird First edition cover -- late printing Author Harper Lee Country United States Language English Genre Southern Gothic , Bildungsroman Published July 11 , 1960 Publisher J.B. Lippincott & Co . Pages 281 To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960 . It was immediately successful , winning the Pulitzer Prize , and has become a classic of modern American literature . The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee 's observations of her family , her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville , Alabama , in 1936 , when she was 10 years old . The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor , despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality . The narrator 's father , Atticus Finch , has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers . One critic explains the novel 's impact by writing , `` In the twentieth century , To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America , and its protagonist , Atticus Finch , the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism . '' As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman , the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence . Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class , courage , compassion , and gender roles in the American Deep South . The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice . Despite its themes , To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms , often challenged for its use of racial epithets . Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication . Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education , literary analysis of it is sparse . Author Mary McDonough Murphy , who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures , calls the book `` an astonishing phenomenon '' . In 2006 , British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one `` every adult should read before they die '' . It was adapted into an Oscar - winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan , with a screenplay by Horton Foote . Since 1990 , a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee 's hometown . To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee 's only published book until Go Set a Watchman , an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird , was published on July 14 , 2015 . Lee continued to respond to her work 's impact until her death in February 2016 , although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Biographical background and publication 2 Plot summary 3 Autobiographical elements 4 Style 4.1 Genres 5 Themes 5.1 Southern life and racial injustice 5.2 Class 5.3 Courage and compassion 5.4 Gender roles 5.5 Laws , written and unwritten 5.6 Loss of innocence 6 Reception 6.1 Atticus Finch and the legal profession 6.2 Social commentary and challenges 6.3 Honors 7 Adaptations 7.1 1962 film 7.2 Play 8 Go Set a Watchman 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Bibliography 13 External links Biographical background and publication Born in 1926 , Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville , Alabama , where she became close friends with soon - to - be famous writer Truman Capote . She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery ( 1944 -- 45 ) , and then studied law at the University of Alabama ( 1945 -- 49 ) . While attending college , she wrote for campus literary magazines : Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama . At both colleges , she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice , a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time . In 1950 , Lee moved to New York City , where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation ; there , she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville . Hoping to be published , Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote . An editor at J.B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript , advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing . Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year . After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott , the manuscript , at that point titled `` Go Set a Watchman '' , fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey -- known professionally as Tay Hohoff -- a small , wiry veteran editor in her late 50s . Hohoff was impressed . `` ( T ) he spark of the true writer flashed in every line , '' she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott . But as Hohoff saw it , the manuscript was by no means fit for publication . It was , as she described it , `` more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel . '' During the next couple of years , she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird . Ultimately , Lee spent over two and a half years writing To Kill a Mockingbird . The book was published on July 11 , 1960 . After rejecting the `` Watchman '' title , it was initially re-titled Atticus , but Lee renamed it `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' to reflect that the story went beyond just a character portrait . The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies . In 1964 , Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said , `` I never expected any sort of success with ' Mockingbird . ' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but , at the same time , I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement . Public encouragement . I hoped for a little , as I said , but I got rather a whole lot , and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick , merciful death I 'd expected . '' Instead of a `` quick and merciful death '' , Reader 's Digest Condensed Books chose the book for reprinting in part , which gave it a wide readership immediately . Since the original publication , the book has never been out of print . Plot summary See also : List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters The story takes place during three years ( 1933 -- 35 ) of the Great Depression in the fictional `` tired old town '' of Maycomb , Alabama , the seat of Maycomb County . It focuses on six - year - old Jean Louise Finch ( nicknamed Scout ) , who lives with her older brother , Jeremy ( nicknamed Jem ) , and their widowed father , Atticus , a middle - aged lawyer . Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill , who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer . The three children are terrified yet fascinated by their neighbor , the reclusive Arthur `` Boo '' Radley . The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo , and few of them have seen him for many years . The children feed one another 's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden , and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house . After two summers of friendship with Dill , Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place . Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children , but , to their disappointment , he never appears in person . Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson , a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman , Mayella Ewell . Although many of Maycomb 's citizens disapprove , Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability . Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus 's actions , calling him a `` nigger - lover '' . Scout is tempted to stand up for her father 's honor by fighting , even though he has told her not to . Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom . This danger is averted when Scout , Jem , and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus ' and Tom 's perspective . Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson 's trial . No seat is available on the main floor , so by invitation of the Rev. Sykes , Jem , Scout , and Dill watch from the colored balcony . Atticus establishes that the accusers -- Mayella and her father , Bob Ewell , the town drunk -- are lying . It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom , and that her father caught her and beat her . Despite significant evidence of Tom 's innocence , the jury convicts him . Jem 's faith in justice becomes badly shaken , as is Atticus ' , when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison . Despite Tom 's conviction , Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial , Atticus explaining that he `` destroyed ( Ewell 's ) last shred of credibility at that trial . '' Ewell vows revenge , spitting in Atticus ' face , trying to break into the judge 's house , and menacing Tom Robinson 's widow . Finally , he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant . Jem suffers a broken arm in the struggle , but amid the confusion someone comes to the children 's rescue . The mysterious man carries Jem home , where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley . Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight . The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem ( whom Atticus believes to be responsible ) or Boo ( whom Tate believes to be responsible ) . Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff 's story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife . Boo asks Scout to walk him home , and after she says goodbye to him at his front door he disappears again . While standing on the Radley porch , Scout imagines life from Boo 's perspective , and regrets that they had never repaid him for the gifts he had given them . Scout then goes back home to Atticus and stays up with him for a while in Jem 's room . Soon Atticus takes her to bed and tucks her in , before leaving to go back to Jem . Autobiographical elements Lee has said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography , but rather an example of how an author `` should write about what he knows and write truthfully '' . Nevertheless , several people and events from Lee 's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout. Lee 's father , Amasa Coleman Lee , was an attorney , similar to Atticus Finch , and in 1919 , he defended two black men accused of murder . After they were convicted , hanged and mutilated , he never tried another criminal case . Lee 's father was also the editor and publisher of the Monroeville newspaper . Although more of a proponent of racial segregation than Atticus , he gradually became more liberal in his later years . Though Scout 's mother died when she was a baby , Lee was 25 when her mother , Frances Cunningham Finch , died . Lee 's mother was prone to a nervous condition that rendered her mentally and emotionally absent . Lee 's older brother Edwin was the inspiration for Jem . Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend , Truman Capote , known then as Truman Persons . Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer , Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City . Like Dill , Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories . Both Lee and Capote were atypical children : both loved to read . Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight , but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp . She and Capote made up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter Lee 's father gave them . They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers ; Capote called the two of them `` apart people '' . In 1960 , Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote 's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood . Down the street from the Lees lived a family whose house was always boarded up ; they served as the models for the fictional Radleys . The son of the family got into some legal trouble and the father kept him at home for 24 years out of shame . He was hidden until virtually forgotten ; he died in 1952 . The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear , although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models . When Lee was 10 years old , a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her . The story and the trial were covered by her father 's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death . After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused , his sentence was commuted to life in prison . He died there of tuberculosis in 1937 . Scholars believe that Robinson 's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys , in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence . However , in 2005 , Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational , although the Scottsboro case served `` the same purpose '' to display Southern prejudices . Emmett Till , a black teenager who was murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955 , and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement , is also considered a model for Tom Robinson . Style The narrative is very tough , because ( Lee ) has to both be a kid on the street and aware of the mad dogs and the spooky houses , and have this beautiful vision of how justice works and all the creaking mechanisms of the courthouse . Part of the beauty is that she ... trusts the visual to lead her , and the sensory . -- Allan Gurganus The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee 's talent for narration , which in an early review in Time was called `` tactile brilliance '' . Writing a decade later , another scholar noted , `` Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story - telling . Her art is visual , and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition . '' Lee combines the narrator 's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman 's reflecting on her childhood , using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives . This narrative method allows Lee to tell a `` delightfully deceptive '' story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition . However , at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout 's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding . Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson 's life . Writing about Lee 's style and use of humor in a tragic story , scholar Jacqueline Tavernier - Courbin states : `` Laughter ... ( exposes ) the gangrene under the beautiful surface but also by demeaning it ; one can hardly ... be controlled by what one is able to laugh at . '' Scout 's precocious observations about her neighbors and behavior inspired National Endowment of the Arts director David Kipen to call her `` hysterically funny '' . To address complex issues , however , Tavernier - Courbin notes that Lee uses parody , satire , and irony effectively by using a child 's perspective . After Dill promises to marry her , then spends too much time with Jem , Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up , which she does several times . Scout 's first day in school is a satirical treatment of education ; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write , and forbids Atticus from teaching her further . Lee treats the most unfunny situations with irony , however , as Jem and Scout try to understand how Maycomb embraces racism and still tries sincerely to remain a decent society . Satire and irony are used to such an extent that Tavernier - Courbin suggests one interpretation for the book 's title : Lee is doing the mocking -- of education , the justice system , and her own society -- by using them as subjects of her humorous disapproval . Critics also note the entertaining methods used to drive the plot . When Atticus is out of town , Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach . This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church , which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life , as well as Tom Robinson 's . Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage , causing the audience to laugh uproariously . She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume , which saves her life . Genres Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and a Bildungsroman . The grotesque and near - supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house , and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson , contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel . Lee used the term `` Gothic '' to describe the architecture of Maycomb 's courthouse and in regard to Dill 's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley . Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem 's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Despite challenging the town 's systems , Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others , because he believes that following one 's conscience is the highest priority , even when the result is social ostracism . However , scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification , noting that Boo Radley is in fact human , protective , and benevolent . Furthermore , in addressing themes such as alcoholism , incest , rape , and racial violence , Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically . She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society . As children coming of age , Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them . Lee seems to examine Jem 's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout 's . Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial , `` It 's like bein ' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon ... I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world , least that 's what they seemed like '' . This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class . Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces , it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood . As one scholar writes , `` To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman , for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be . '' Themes In the 33 years since its publication , ( To Kill a Mockingbird ) has never been the focus of a dissertation , and it has been the subject of only six literary studies , several of them no more than a couple of pages long . -- Claudia Johnson in To Kill a Mockingbird : Threatening Boundaries , 1994 Despite the novel 's immense popularity upon publication , it has not received the close critical attention paid to other modern American classics . Don Noble , editor of a book of essays about the novel , estimates that the ratio of sales to analytical essays may be a million to one . Christopher Metress writes that the book is `` an icon whose emotive sway remains strangely powerful because it also remains unexamined '' . Noble suggests it does not receive academic attention because of its consistent status as a best - seller ( `` If that many people like it , it ca n't be any good . '' ) and that general readers seem to feel they do not require analytical interpretation . Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s . However , she gave some insight into her themes when , in a rare letter to the editor , she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused : `` Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct , Christian in its ethic , that is the heritage of all Southerners . '' Southern life and racial injustice When the book was released , reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts , and opinion was mixed about Lee 's ability to connect them . The first part of the novel concerns the children 's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood . Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem 's observations of their quirky neighbors . One writer was so impressed by Lee 's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism . This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee 's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character 's behavior in the novel . Scout 's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb 's inhabitants ' faults and advantages to genealogy ( families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks ) , and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb . This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell 's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson , and Scout 's definition of `` fine folks '' being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have . The South itself , with its traditions and taboos , seems to drive the plot more than the characters . The second part of the novel deals with what book reviewer Harding LeMay termed `` the spirit - corroding shame of the civilized white Southerner in the treatment of the Negro '' . In the years following its release , many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations . Claudia Durst Johnson considers it `` reasonable to believe '' that the novel was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama : Rosa Parks ' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person , which sparked the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott , and the 1956 riots at the University of Alabama after Autherine Lucy and Polly Myers were admitted ( Myers eventually withdrew her application and Lucy was expelled , but reinstated in 1980 ) . In writing about the historical context of the novel 's construction , two other literary scholars remark : `` To Kill a Mockingbird was written and published amidst the most significant and conflict - ridden social change in the South since the Civil War and Reconstruction . Inevitably , despite its mid-1930s setting , the story told from the perspective of the 1950s voices the conflicts , tensions , and fears induced by this transition . '' Scholar Patrick Chura , who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson , enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced . Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the `` mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood '' . Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused . Tom Robinson 's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence , as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury 's decision . Furthermore , the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired , which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of , but also crippled him in other ways . Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as `` stupid , pathetic , defenseless , and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites , rather than his own intelligence to save him '' . Although Tom is spared from being lynched , he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison , being shot seventeen times . The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well . For example , Atticus must shoot a rabid dog , even though it is not his job to do so . Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb , and Atticus , who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog , must fight against the town 's racism without help from other white citizens . He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom 's trial . Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes . Jones writes , `` ( t ) he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury , he literally bares himself to the jury 's and the town 's anger . '' Class One of the amazing things about the writing in To Kill a Mockingbird is the economy with which Harper Lee delineates not only race -- white and black within a small community -- but class . I mean different kinds of black people and white people both , from poor white trash to the upper crust -- the whole social fabric . -- Lee Smith In a 1964 interview , Lee remarked that her aspiration was `` to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama . '' Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing . When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate , Walter Cunningham , at the Finch home one day , Calpurnia , their black cook , chastises and punishes her for doing so . Atticus respects Calpurnia 's judgment , and later in the book even stands up to his sister , the formidable Aunt Alexandra , when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia . One writer notes that Scout , `` in Austenian fashion '' , satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify . Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors : `` affirmation of order in society , obedience , courtesy , and respect for the individual without regard for status '' . Scholars argue that Lee 's approach to class and race was more complex `` than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to ' poor white trash ' ... Lee demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice , silence the voices that might challenge the existing order , and greatly complicate many Americans ' conception of the causes of racism and segregation . '' Lee 's use of the middle - class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader , regardless of class or cultural background , and fosters a sense of nostalgia . Sharing Scout and Jem 's perspective , the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose ; the lower - class Ewells , and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways ; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond ; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community . The children internalize Atticus ' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person 's skin , gaining a greater understanding of people 's motives and behavior . Courage and compassion The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage . Scout 's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him . Atticus is the moral center of the novel , however , and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage . In a statement that both foreshadows Atticus ' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose , who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction , Atticus tells Jem that courage is `` when you 're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what '' . Charles J. Shields , who wrote the first book - length biography of Harper Lee , offers the reason for the novel 's enduring popularity and impact is that `` its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal '' . Atticus ' lesson to Scout that `` you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view -- until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it '' exemplifies his compassion . She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell 's testimony . When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus ' question if she has any friends , Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley . Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives , Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo 's perspective . One writer remarks , `` ... ( w ) hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice , heartache and loss , it also carries with it a strong sense ( of ) courage , compassion , and an awareness of history to be better human beings . '' Gender roles Just as Lee explores Jem 's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society , Scout realizes what being female means , and several female characters influence her development . Scout 's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider . Scout 's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie , both of whom are strong - willed , independent , and protective . Mayella Ewell also has an influence ; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him . The female characters who comment the most on Scout 's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view . For example , Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole , and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so , in addition to insulting Atticus ' intentions to defend Tom Robinson . By balancing the masculine influences of Atticus and Jem with the feminine influences of Calpurnia and Miss Maudie , one scholar writes , `` Lee gradually demonstrates that Scout is becoming a feminist in the South , for with the use of first - person narration , she indicates that Scout / Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child . '' Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel . Scout and Jem 's mother died before Scout could remember her , Mayella 's mother is dead , and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo 's confinement to the house . Apart from Atticus , the fathers described are abusers . Bob Ewell , it is hinted , molested his daughter , and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house to the extent that Boo is remembered only as a phantom . Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not , and the novel suggests that such men , as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society , can lead society astray . Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity ; as one scholar explains : `` It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism , bravery , and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality , to set the society straight . '' Laws , written and unwritten Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird , particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom , have drawn the attention of legal scholars . Claudia Durst Johnson writes that `` a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals '' . The opening quote by the 19th - century essayist Charles Lamb reads : `` Lawyers , I suppose , were children once . '' Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem 's childhood world , compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one 's palm , and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children : is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season ? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms : Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common - law wife and having interracial children ; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson ; by being turned into a non-person , Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him . Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them . For example , she refuses to wear frilly clothes , saying that Aunt Alexandra 's `` fanatical '' attempts to place her in them made her feel `` a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on ( her ) '' . Johnson states , `` ( t ) he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of ( their ) small worlds . '' Loss of innocence Lee used the mockingbird to symbolize innocence in the novel Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel . Their family name Finch is also Lee 's mother 's maiden name . The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme , which first appears when Atticus , having given his children air - rifles for Christmas , allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot . Atticus warns them that , although they can `` shoot all the bluejays they want '' , they must remember that `` it 's a sin to kill a mockingbird '' . Confused , Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie , who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures . She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs , saying , `` They do n't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us . '' Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964 , `` ' To kill a mockingbird ' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless -- like Tom Robinson . '' Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point . Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel . However , scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley : `` Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun ( as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history ) , Scout comes to see him as a ' mockingbird ' -- that is , as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished . '' The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her , and , in allusions to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson , states about a character who was misunderstood , `` when they finally saw him , why he had n't done any of those things ... Atticus , he was real nice , '' to which he responds , `` Most people are , Scout , when you finally see them . '' The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R.A. Dave claims that because every character has to face , or even suffer defeat , the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy . In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat , Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools . She guides the reader in such judgments , alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony . Scout 's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her , gossip , and `` reflect a smug , colonialist attitude toward other races '' while giving the `` appearance of gentility , piety , and morality '' . Conversely , when Atticus loses Tom 's case , he is last to leave the courtroom , except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony , who rise silently as he walks underneath them , to honor his efforts . Reception Despite her editors ' warnings that the book might not sell well , it quickly became a sensation , bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles , in her hometown of Monroeville , and throughout Alabama . The book went through numerous subsequent printings and became widely available through its inclusion in the Book of the Month Club and editions released by Reader 's Digest Condensed Books . Initial reactions to the novel were varied . The New Yorker declared Lee `` a skilled , unpretentious , and totally ingenuous writer '' , and The Atlantic Monthly 's reviewer rated the book `` pleasant , undemanding reading '' , but found the narrative voice -- `` a six - year - old girl with the prose style of a well - educated adult '' -- to be implausible . Time magazine 's 1960 review of the book states that it `` teaches the reader an astonishing number of useful truths about little girls and about Southern life '' and calls Scout Finch `` the most appealing child since Carson McCullers ' Frankie got left behind at the wedding '' . The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even - handed approach to the narration of the novel 's events , writing : `` This is in no way a sociological novel . It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance . '' Not all reviewers were enthusiastic . Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners , and one - dimensional black victims , and Granville Hicks labeled the book `` melodramatic and contrived '' . When the book was first released , Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented , `` I think for a child 's book it does all right . It 's interesting that all the folks that are buying it do n't know they 're reading a child 's book . Somebody ought to say what it is . '' Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review , writing to a cousin : `` Well , honey , one thing we know is that she 's been poaching on my literary preserves . '' One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages . In the years since , it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages . The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback , and has become part of the standard literature curriculum . A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9 -- 12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades . A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are `` most often cited as making a difference '' . It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel . The 50th anniversary of the novel 's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact . Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee 's `` rich use of language '' but writes that the central lesson is that `` courage is n't always flashy , is n't always enough , but is always in style '' . Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees , stating that the book `` still rouses fresh and horrified indignation '' as it examines morality , a topic that has recently become unfashionable . Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee , rare among American novelists , writes with `` a fiercely progressive ink , in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question '' , comparing her to William Faulkner , who wrote about racism as an inevitability . Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland 's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen , stating the book 's central theme , that `` one 's moral convictions are worth fighting for , even at the risk of being reviled '' is eloquently discussed . Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a `` repository of cracker - barrel epigrams '' and the novel represents a `` sugar - coated myth '' of Alabama history . Barra writes , `` It 's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature . Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated '' . Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus ' stiff and self - righteous demeanor , and calls Scout `` a kind of highly constructed doll '' whose speech and actions are improbable . Although acknowledging that the novel works , Mallon blasts Lee 's `` wildly unstable '' narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama , following with his observation that `` the book has begun to cherish its own goodness '' by the time the case is over . Defending the book , Akin Ajayi writes that justice `` is often complicated , but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all . '' Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race , class , and society , but that it was not written to resolve them . Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children . Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey , Rosanne Cash , Tom Brokaw , and Harper 's sister Alice Lee , who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout , Atticus , and Boo . Atticus Finch and the legal profession Main article : Atticus Finch I promised myself that when I grew up and I was a man , I would try to do things just as good and noble as what Atticus had done for Tom Robinson . -- Scott Turow One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch 's model of integrity for the legal profession . As scholar Alice Petry explains , `` Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person . '' Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer , and Richard Matsch , the federal judge who presided over the Timothy McVeigh trial , counts Atticus as a major judicial influence . One law professor at the University of Notre Dame stated that the most influential textbook he taught from was To Kill a Mockingbird , and an article in the Michigan Law Review claims , `` No real - life lawyer has done more for the self - image or public perception of the legal profession , '' before questioning whether `` Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick hired gun '' . In 1992 , an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus , saying that as liberal as Atticus was , he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered . The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero . Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb . However , in 1997 , the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville , marking his existence as the `` first commemorative milestone in the state 's judicial history '' . In 2008 , Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who `` has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor '' . Social commentary and challenges To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963 . The book 's racial slurs , profanity , and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States . The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000 -- 2009 . One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover , Virginia , in 1966 : a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral . Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers , which ranged from amusement to fury ; those letters expressing the most outrage , however , complained about Mayella Ewell 's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape . Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book 's appropriateness for the classroom , Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of `` the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice '' . The National Education Association in 1968 placed the novel second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations -- after Little Black Sambo . With a shift of attitudes about race in the 1970s , To Kill a Mockingbird faced challenges of a different sort : the treatment of racism in Maycomb was not condemned harshly enough . This has led to disparate perceptions that the novel has a generally positive impact on race relations for white readers , but a more ambiguous reception by black readers . In one high - profile case outside the U.S. , school districts in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia attempted to have the book removed from standard teaching curricula in the 1990s , stating : The terminology in this novel subjects students to humiliating experiences that rob them of their self - respect and the respect of their peers . The word ' Nigger ' is used 48 times ( in ) the novel ... We believe that the English Language Arts curriculum in Nova Scotia must enable all students to feel comfortable with ideas , feelings and experiences presented without fear of humiliation ... To Kill a Mockingbird is clearly a book that no longer meets these goals and therefore must no longer be used for classroom instruction . Furthermore , despite the novel 's thematic focus on racial injustice , its black characters are not fully examined . In its use of racial epithets , stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks , and Calpurnia , who to some critics is an updated version of the `` contented slave '' motif and to others simply unexplored , the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters . One writer asserts that the use of Scout 's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict . Scout 's voice `` functions as the not - me which allows the rest of us -- black and white , male and female -- to find our relative position in society '' . A teaching guide for the novel published by The English Journal cautions , `` what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another '' . A Canadian language arts consultant found that the novel resonated well with white students , but that black students found it `` demoralizing '' . Another criticism , articulated by Michael Lind , is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural `` white trash '' . The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s , however , in that it `` arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions ( of ) the accelerating civil rights movement '' . Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement , despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them . Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book 's effectiveness is that it `` inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion '' and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set . Young views the novel as `` an act of humanity '' in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices . Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom 's Cabin , a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War . Childress states the novel `` gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they 've been brought up with and to find another way . And most white people in the South were good people . Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do , because it was popular art , because it was told from a child 's point of view . '' Diane McWhorter , Pulitzer Prize - winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign , asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists , and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality . This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised , which for many children is what the novel does . McWhorter writes of Lee , `` for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual -- by its very existence an act of protest . '' Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave : `` I think by calling Harper Lee brave you kind of absolve yourself of your own racism ... She certainly set the standards in terms of how these issues need to be discussed , but in many ways I feel ... the moral bar 's been lowered . And that 's really distressing . We need a thousand Atticus Finches . '' McBride , however , defends the book 's sentimentality , and the way Lee approaches the story with `` honesty and integrity '' . Honors Harper Lee and President George W. Bush at the November 5 , 2007 , ceremony awarding Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom for To Kill a Mockingbird During the years immediately following the novel 's publication , Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her , granting interviews , visiting schools , and attending events honoring the book . In 1961 , when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list , it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize , stunning Lee . It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year , and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962 . Starting in 1964 , Lee began to turn down interviews , complaining that the questions were monotonous , and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought . Since then , she declined talking with reporters about the book . She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction , writing in 1995 : `` Introductions inhibit pleasure , they kill the joy of anticipation , they frustrate curiosity . The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come . Mockingbird still says what it has to say ; it has managed to survive the years without preamble . '' In 2001 , Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor . In the same year , Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city 's libraries , and chose his favorite book , To Kill a Mockingbird , as the first title of the One City , One Book program . Lee declared that `` there is no greater honor the novel could receive '' . By 2004 , the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program , more than any other novel . David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts , who supervised The Big Read , states `` people just seem to connect with it . It dredges up things in their own lives , their interactions across racial lines , legal encounters , and childhood . It 's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people 's lives , and they cherish it . '' In 2006 , Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame . During the ceremony , the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation , and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her . Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5 , 2007 by President George W. Bush . In his remarks , Bush stated , `` One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author , which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better . It 's been a gift to the entire world . As a model of good writing and humane sensibility , this book will be read and studied forever . '' Adaptations 1962 film Main article : To Kill a Mockingbird ( film ) The book was made into the well - received 1962 film with the same title , starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch . The film 's producer , Alan J. Pakula , remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script : `` They said , ' What story do you plan to tell for the film ? ' I said , ' Have you read the book ? ' They said , ' Yes . ' I said , ' That 's the story . ' '' The movie was a hit at the box office , quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2 - million budget . It won three Oscars : Best Actor for Gregory Peck , Best Art Direction - Set Decoration , Black - and - White , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote . It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham , the actress who played Scout . Film producer Alan J. Pakula with Lee ; Lee spent three weeks watching the filming , then `` took off when she realized everything would be fine without her '' . Harper Lee was pleased with the movie , saying : `` In that film the man and the part met ... I 've had many , many offers to turn it into musicals , into TV or stage plays , but I 've always refused . That film was a work of art . '' Peck met Lee 's father , the model for Atticus , before the filming. Lee 's father died before the film 's release , and Lee was so impressed with Peck 's performance that she gave him her father 's pocketwatch , which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for Best Actor . Years later , he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport . When Peck eventually did tell Lee , he said she responded , `` ' Well , it 's only a watch . ' Harper -- she feels deeply , but she 's not a sentimental person about things . '' Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made . Peck 's grandson was named `` Harper '' in her honor . In May 2005 , Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck 's widow Veronique , who said of Lee : `` She 's like a national treasure . She 's someone who has made a difference ... with this book . The book is still as strong as it ever was , and so is the film . All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays . My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him . '' Play The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel . It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville , a town that labels itself `` The Literary Capital of Alabama '' . The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast . White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury . During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated . Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel ( and the annual performance ) : `` It becomes part of the town ritual , like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras . With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse , it 's part of a central , civic education -- what Monroeville aspires to be . '' Sergel 's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006 , and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal , both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch . The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent 's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch , his first London appearance in 22 years . The production returned to the venue to close the 2014 season , prior to a UK tour . According to a National Geographic article , the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture ; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances , because `` she abhors anything that trades on the book 's fame '' . To underscore this sentiment , Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia 's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum . David Lister in The Independent states that Lee 's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more , and her silence `` makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart '' . Despite her discouragement , a rising number of tourists made Monroeville their destination , hoping to see Lee 's inspiration for the book , or Lee herself . Local residents call them `` Mockingbird groupies '' , and although Lee was not reclusive , she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic `` Hell , no ! '' Go set a Watchman Main article : Go Set a Watchman An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird , titled Go Set a Watchman , was controversially released on July 14 , 2015 . This draft , which was completed in 1957 , is set 20 years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird but is not a continuation of the narrative . This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York City to visit her father , Atticus Finch , in Maycomb , Alabama , where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community . The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee 's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it , but this claim has been widely disputed . Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird . According to Lee 's agent Andrew Nurnberg , Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy : `` They discussed publishing Mockingbird first , Watchman last , and a shorter connecting novel between the two . '' This assertion has been discredited , however , by rare - books expert James S. Jaffe , who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee 's attorney and found them to be only another draft of To Kill a Mockingbird . Nurnberg 's statement was also contrary to Jonathan Mahler 's description of how Watchman was seen as just the first draft of Mockingbird . Instances where many passages overlap between the two books , in some case word for word , also refutes this assertion . See also Southern literature Timeline of the African American Civil Rights Movement To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Notes Jump up ^ It has appeared on numerous other lists that describe its impact . In 1999 , it was voted the `` Best Novel of the 20th century '' by readers of the Library Journal . It is listed as number five on the Modern Library 's Reader 's List of the 100 Best Novels in the English language since 1900 and number four on the rival Radcliffe Publishing Course 's Radcliffe Publishing Course 's 100 Best Board Picks for Novels and Nonfiction . To Kill a Mockingbird appeared first on a list developed by librarians in 2006 who answered the question , `` Which book should every adult read before they die ? '' followed by the Bible and The Lord of the Rings trilogy . The British public voted in the BBC 's Big Read broadcast to rank it 6th of all time in 2003 . BBC -- The Big Read . Two thousand readers at Play.com voted it the ' Greatest novel of all time ' in 2008 . ( Urmee Khan , June 6 , 2008 . To Kill a Mockingbird voted Greatest Novel Of All Time , The Daily Telegraph ) . Jump up ^ Mallon received hate mail for his commentary , and declined to answer challenges about his observations from professional writers , saying he did not want to be the `` skunk at the garden party '' . ( Murphy , p. 18 . ) Jump up ^ In August 2009 , St. Edmund Campion Secondary School in Toronto removed To Kill a Mockingbird from the grade 10 curriculum because of a complaint regarding the language in the book . ( Noor , Javed ( August 12 , 2009 ) . `` Complaint prompts school to kill ' Mockingbird ' `` , The Star ( Toronto ) . Retrieved on August 19 , 2009 . ) Jump up ^ McWhorter went to school with Mary Badham , the actor who portrayed Scout in the film adaptation . ( Murphy , p. 141 ) Jump up ^ Lee has also been awarded honorary degrees from Mount Holyoke College ( 1962 ) and the University of Alabama ( 1990 ) . ( Noble , p. 8 . ) References Jump up ^ Crespino , J. ( 2000 ) . `` The Strange Career of Atticus Finch '' . Southern Cultures. 6 ( 2 ) : 9 -- 30 . doi : 10.1353 / scu. 2000.0030 . Jump up ^ Zipp , Yvonne ( July 7 , 2010 ) . Scout , Atticus & Boo , The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Pauli , Michelle ( March 2 , 2006 ) . Harper Lee tops librarians ' must - read list , Guardian Unlimited . Retrieved on February 13 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Shields , pp. 79 -- 99 . Jump up ^ Nelle Harper Lee Alabama Academy of Honor : Alabama Department of Archives and History ( 2001 ) . Retrieved on November 13 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Mahler , Jonathan ( 12 July 2015 ) . `` The Invisible Hand Behind Harper Lee 's ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 129 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 14 . ^ Jump up to : Lacher , Irene ( May 21 , 2005 ) . `` Harper Lee raises her low profile for a friend ; The author of ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' shuns fanfare . But for the kin of Gregory Peck '' , Los Angeles Times , p . E. 1 Jump up ^ Shields , p. 242 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Casebook p. xii Jump up ^ Lee , p. 249 Jump up ^ `` Harper Lee , '' in American Decades . Gale Research , 1998 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 120 -- 121 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 122 -- 125 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 40 -- 41 . Jump up ^ Krebs , Albin . `` Truman Capote Is Dead at 59 ; Novelist of Style and Clarity '' , The New York Times , August 26 , 1984 , p. 1 . Jump up ^ `` Truman Capote '' . Encyclopedia of World Biography . Advameg , Inc. 2003 . Retrieved June 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Fleming , Anne Taylor ( July 9 , 1976 ) . `` The Private World of Truman Capote '' , The New York Times Magazine . p . SM6 . Jump up ^ Steinem , Gloria ( November 1967 ) . `` Go Right Ahead and Ask Me Anything ( And So She Did ) : An Interview with Truman Capote '' , McCall 's , p. 76 . Jump up ^ Clasen , Sharon ( April 29 , 2016 ) . `` Exclusive : Read Harper Lee 's Profile of `` In Cold Blood '' Detective Al Dewey That Has n't Been Seen in More Than 50 Years `` . Smithsonian Magazine . Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved March 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hile , Kevin S. `` Harper Lee '' in Authors and Artists for Young Adults , Gale Research 13 ( August 1994 ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 8103 - 8566 - 5 Jump up ^ Bigg , Matthew ( July 23 , 2007 ) . `` Novel Still Stirs Pride , Debate ; ' Mockingbird ' Draws Tourists to Town Coming to Grips With Its Past , The Washington Post , p . A3 Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries p. 7 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Noble , p. 13 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 118 . ^ Jump up to : Chura , Patrick ( Spring 2000 ) . `` Prolepsis and Anachronism : Emmet Till and the Historicity of To Kill a Mockingbird '' , Southern Literary Journal 32 ( 2 ) , p. 1 Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 97 . ^ Jump up to : About Life & Little Girls Time ( August 1 , 1980 ) . Retrieved on February 15 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Dave , R.A. ( 1974 ) . `` Harper Lee 's Tragic Vision '' Indian Studies in American Fiction MacMillan Company of India , Ltd . pp. 311 -- 323 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 333 - 90034 - 5 Jump up ^ Graeme Dunphy , `` Meena 's Mockingbird : From Harper Lee to Meera Syal '' , Neophilologus , 88 ( 2004 ) 637 -- 660 . PDF online Jump up ^ Ward , L. `` To Kill a Mockingbird ( book review ) . '' Commonwealth : December 9 , 1960 . ^ Jump up to : Adams , Phoebe ( August 1960 ) . `` To Kill a Mockingbird , by Harper Lee ( review ) '' . The Atlantic Monthly . New York . 206 ( 2 ) : 98 -- 99 . Archived from the original on July 21 , 2015 . Retrieved March 4 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : LeMay , Harding ( July 10 , 1960 ) . `` Children Play ; Adults Betray '' , New York Herald Tribune . ^ Jump up to : Hicks , Granville ( July 23 , 1970 ) . `` Three at the Outset '' , Saturday Review , 30 . ^ Jump up to : Tavernier - Courbin , Jacqueline `` Humor and Humanity in To Kill a Mockingbird '' in On Harper Lee : Essays and Reflections Alice Petry ( ed . ) , University of Tennessee Press ( 2007 ) . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57233 - 578 - 3 . Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 105 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 46 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Boerman - Cornell , William `` The Five Humors '' , The English Journal ( 1999 ) , 88 ( 4 ) , p. 66 . doi : 10.2307 / 822422 Jump up ^ Lee , p. 133 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 297 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. 40 -- 41 . ^ Jump up to : Blackall , Jean `` Valorizing the Commonplace : Harper Lee 's Response to Jane Austen '' in On Harper Lee : Essays and Reflections Alice Petry ( ed . ) . University of Tennessee Press ( 2007 ) . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57233 - 578 - 3 Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. 39 -- 45 . Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. x , 96 , 149 . Jump up ^ Fine , Laura `` Structuring the Narrator 's Rebellion in To Kill a Mockingbird '' in On Harper Lee : Essays and Reflections Alice Petry ( ed . ) , University of Tennessee Press ( 2007 ) . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57233 - 578 - 3 Jump up ^ Lee , p. 246 . ^ Jump up to : Ware , Michele `` ' Just a Lady ' : Gender and Power in Harper Lee 's To Kill a Mockingbird '' in Women in Literature : Reading Through the Lens of Gender Jerilyn Fisher and Ellen S. Silber ( eds . ) , Greenwood Press ( 2003 ) . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 31346 - 2 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries p. 20 . ^ Jump up to : Metress , Christopher ( September 2003 ) . `` The Rise and Fall of Atticus Finch '' , The Chattahoochee Review , 24 ( 1 ) . Jump up ^ Noble , pp. vii -- viii . ^ Jump up to : `` Harper Lee Twits School Board In Virginia for Ban on Her Novel '' , The New York Times ( January 6 , 1966 ) , p. 82 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. 20 -- 24 ^ Jump up to : Erisman , Fred ( April 1973 ) . `` The Romantic Regionalism of Harper Lee '' , The Alabama Review , 27 ( 2 ) . ^ Jump up to : Bruell , Edwin ( December 1964 ) . `` Keen Scalpel on Racial Ills '' , The English Journal 51 ( 9 ) pp. 658 -- 661 . Jump up ^ Henderson , R. ( May 15 , 1960 ) . `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' , Library Journal . ^ Jump up to : Johnson , Claudia ( Autumn 1991 ) . `` The Secret Courts of Men 's Hearts '' , Studies in American Fiction 19 ( 2 ) . ^ Jump up to : Hovet , Theodore and Grace - Ann ( Fall 2001 ) . `` ' Fine Fancy Gentlemen ' and ' Yappy Folk ' : Contending Voices in To Kill a Mockingbird '' , Southern Quarterly : A Journal of the Arts in the South , 40 pp. 67 -- 78 . Jump up ^ Siegel , Roslyn `` The Black Man and the Macabre in American Literature '' , Black American Literature Forum ( 1976 ) , 10 ( 4 ) , p. 133 . doi : 10.2307 / 3041614 Jump up ^ Lee , pp. 107 -- 113 . ^ Jump up to : Jones , Carolyn ( Summer 1996 ) . `` Atticus Finch and the Mad Dog '' Southern Quarterly : A Journal of the Arts in the South , 34 ( 4 ) , pp. 53 -- 63 . Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 178 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 27 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 155 . ^ Jump up to : Shackelford , Dean ( Winter 1996 -- 1997 ) . `` The Female Voice in To Kill a Mockingbird : Narrative Strategies in Film and Novel '' , Mississippi Quarterly : The Journal of Southern Cultures , 50 ( 1 ) , pp. 101 -- 13 . Jump up ^ `` Nelle Harper Lee . '' Contemporary Authors Online , Gale , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Jolley , Susan `` Integrating Poetry and ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' '' , The English Journal ( 2002 ) , 92 ( 2 ) , p. 34 . doi : 10.2307 / 822224 Jump up ^ Mancini , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 128 . Jump up ^ Shields , p. 1 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 33 . ^ Jump up to : Fine , Laura ( Summer 1998 ) . `` Gender Conflicts and Their ' Dark ' Projections in Coming of Age White Female Southern Novels '' , Southern Quarterly : A Journal of the Arts in the South 36 ( 4 ) , pp. 121 -- 29 ^ Jump up to : Baecker , Diane ( Spring 1998 ) . `` Telling It In Black and White : The Importance of the Africanist Presence in To Kill a Mockingbird '' , Southern Quarterly : A Journal of the Arts in the South , 36 ( 3 ) , pp. 124 -- 32 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. 25 -- 27 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 146 . ^ Jump up to : Lee , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Schuster , Edgar `` Discovering Theme and Structure in the Novel '' The English Journal ( 1963 ) , 52 ( 7 ) p. 506 . doi : 10.2307 / 810774 Jump up ^ Johnson , Casebook p. 207 . Jump up ^ Metress , Christopher . `` Lee , Harper . '' Contemporary Southern Writers . St. James Press , 1999 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 322 -- 323 . Jump up ^ Lee , p. 241 . Jump up ^ Shields , pp. 185 -- 188 . ^ Jump up to : Bain , Robert `` Harper Lee '' in Southern Writers : A Biographical Dictionary Louisiana State University Press ( 1980 ) , pp. 276 -- 277 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0390 - X Jump up ^ `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' , The New Yorker ( September 10 , 1960 ) , p. 203 . Jump up ^ Sullivan , Richard ( July 17 , 1960 ) . `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' , Chicago Sunday Times . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. 21 , 24 . Jump up ^ Kiernan , F. , `` Carson McCullers '' ( Book Review ) . Atlantic Monthly ( 1993 ) v. 287 no . 4 ( April 2001 ) pp. 100 -- 102 . Jump up ^ Book description : To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee HarperCollins ( 2008 ) . Retrieved on July 20 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` What Kids Are Reading : The Book Reading Habits of Students in American Schools '' , Renaissance Learning , Inc. , 2008 . Retrieved on July 11 , 2008 . See also `` What Kids Are Reading : The Book Reading Habits of Students in American Schools Archived 2012 - 03 - 14 at the Wayback Machine. , Renaissance Learning , Inc. 2010 . Retrieved on May 1 , 2011 . where To Kill a Mockingbird appears at number 2 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries p. 14 . Jump up ^ Puente , Maria ( 2010 - 07 - 08 ) . `` ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' : Endearing , enduring at 50 years '' . USA Today . `` It is Lee 's only book and one of the handful that could earn the title of Great American Novel . '' Jump up ^ `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' Turns 50 : Fans Descend on Alabama Town to Celebrate Scout , Atticus and Boo Radley CBS News ( July 11 , 2010 ) . Retrieved on July 12 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Zorn , Eric ( July 9 , 2010 ) , ' Mockingbird ' still sings after 50 years , The Chicago Tribune . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Sullivan , Jane ( July 9 , 2010 ) . To celebrate a Mockingbird , The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Adichie , Chimamanda Ngozi ( July 10 , 2010 ) . Rereading : To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee , The Guardian . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Loxton , Rachel ( July 10 , 2010 ) . America 's favourite novel still vital after 50 years , The Herald ( Glasgow ) . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Barra , Allen ( June 24 , 2010 ) . What ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' Is n't , The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Mallon , Thomas ( May 29 , 2006 ) . `` Big Bird : A biography of the novelist Harper Lee '' , The New Yorker , 82 ( 15 ) , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Ajayi , Akin ( July 9 , 2010 ) To Kill a Mockingbird : the case for the defence , The Guardian . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Scout , Atticus , and Boo : A Celebration of Fifty Years of To Kill a Mockingbird '' . HarperCollins Publishers . 2010 . Archived from the original on December 3 , 2013 . Retrieved March 3 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. 196 -- 197 . Jump up ^ Petry , p. xxiii . Jump up ^ Petry , p. xxiv . Jump up ^ Lubet , Steven ( May 1999 ) . `` Reconstructing Atticus Finch '' , Michigan Law Review 97 ( 6 ) pp. 1339 -- 1362 . doi : 10.2307 / 1290205 Jump up ^ Petry , pp. xxv -- xxvii . Jump up ^ `` ' Mockingbird ' Hero Honored in Monroeville '' , The Birmingham News ( Alabama ) ( May 3 , 1997 ) , p. 7A . Jump up ^ `` Harper Lee Can Take a Place at the Bar '' , The Birmingham News ( March 17 , 2008 ) . Jump up ^ Top 100 Banned / Challenged Books : 2000 -- 2009 American Library Association . Retrieved July 2010 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Casebook pp. 208 -- 213 . Jump up ^ Mancini , p. 56 . Jump up ^ Saney , Isaac ( July -- September 2003 ) . `` The Case Against To Kill a Mockingbird '' Race & Class 45 ( 1 ) , pp. 99 -- 110 . doi : 10.1177 / 0306396803045001005 Jump up ^ Beryle , Banfield `` Commitment to Change : The Council on Interracial Books for Children and the World of Children 's Books '' , African American Review ( 1998 ) 32 ( 17 ) , pp. 17 -- 22 . doi : 10.2307 / 3042264 Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. 133 -- 134 Jump up ^ Suhor , Charles , Bell , Larry `` Preparing to Teach To Kill a Mockingbird , The English Journal ( 1997 ) 86 ( 4 ) , pp. 1 -- 16 . doi : 10.2307 / 820996 Jump up ^ Martelle , Scott ( June 28 , 2006 ) . `` A Different Read on ' Mockingbird ' ; Long a classroom starting point for lessons about intolerance , the Harper Lee classic is being reexamined by some who find its perspective limited '' , The Los Angeles Times , p. 6 . Jump up ^ `` White Trash Gothic '' . thesmartset.com . February 16 , 2015 . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Flora , Joseph `` Harper Lee '' in Southern Writers : A New Biographical Dictionary Louisiana State University Press ( 2006 ) . Jump up ^ Johnson , Boundaries pp. xi -- xiv Jump up ^ Bloom , Harold `` Modern Critical Interpretations : To Kill a Mockingbird '' Chelsea House Publishers ( 1999 ) Jump up ^ Shields , pp. 219 -- 220 , 223 , 233 -- 235 Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. 206 -- 209 . Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 30 . Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. 141 -- 146 . Jump up ^ Murphy , pp. 132 -- 139 . Jump up ^ Shields , pp. 199 -- 200 . Jump up ^ Mancini , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 128 . Jump up ^ Tabor , May ( August 23 , 1998 ) . `` A ' new foreword ' that is n't '' , The New York Times , p . C11 . ^ Jump up to : Bellafante , Ginia ( January 20 , 2006 ) . Harper Lee , Gregarious for a Day , The New York Times . Retrieved on November 13 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Launches City - wide Book Group '' , Library Journal ( August 13 , 2001 ) . Jump up ^ `` To Read a Mockingbird '' Library Journal ( September 1 , 2004 ) 129 ( 14 ) , p. 13 . Jump up ^ Murphy , p. 106 . Jump up ^ Commencement 2006 Notre Dame Magazine ( July 2006 ) . Retrieved on November 9 , 2007 . Jump up ^ President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients , White House press release ( November 5 , 2007 ) . Retrieved on November 9 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Nichols , Peter ( February 27 , 1998 ) . `` Time Ca n't Kill ' Mockingbird ' ( Review ) '' , The New York Times , p . E. 1 Jump up ^ To Kill a Mockingbird ( film ) Archived 2012 - 03 - 04 at the Wayback Machine . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Retrieved on March 29 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Jones , Carolyn `` Harper Lee '' , in The History of Southern Women 's Literature , Carolyn Perry ( ed . ) : Louisiana State University Press ( 2002 ) . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8071 - 2753 - 7 Jump up ^ Bobbin , Jay ( December 21 , 1997 ) . `` Gregory Peck is Atticus Finch in Harper Lee 's To Kill a Mockingbird '' , The Birmingham News ( Alabama ) , p. 1. F Jump up ^ King , Susan ( December 22 , 1997 ) . `` How the Finch Stole Christmas ; Q & A With Gregory Peck '' , Los Angeles Times , p. 1 Jump up ^ King , Susan ( October 18 , 1999 ) . `` Q&A ; Film Honors Peck , ' Perfectly Happy ' in a Busy Retirement '' , Los Angeles Times , p. 4 Jump up ^ Noble , p. 4 -- 5 . Jump up ^ Hoffman , Roy ( August 9 , 1998 ) . `` Long Lives the Mockingbird '' , The New York Times Book Review , p. 31 . Jump up ^ Walker , Lynne ( 30 September 2006 ) . `` To Kill A Mockingbird , West Yorkshire , Leeds Playhouse '' . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Brown , Jonathan ( 23 February 2011 ) . `` To Kill a Mockingbird , Theatre Royal , York '' . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` To Kill A Mockingbird Returns '' . openairtheatre.com . Open Air Theatre . Retrieved May 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Newman , Cathy ( January 2006 ) . To Catch a Mockingbird , National Geographic . Retrieved on November 11 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Robinson , David. The One and Only , The Scotsman . Retrieved on March 29 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Lister , David ( July 10 , 2010 ) . David Lister : Those reclusive authors really know how to live , The Independent . Retrieved on July 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Pressley , Sue ( June 10 , 1996 ) . `` Quiet Author , Home Town Attract ' Groupies , ' Press ; To Live With ' Mockingbird ' '' , The Washington Post p . A3 ^ Jump up to : `` The Harper Lee ' Go Set a Watchman ' Fraud '' . The New York Times . 25 July 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Marja Mills ( 20 July 2015 ) . `` The Harper Lee I knew '' . Washington Post . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Jennifer Maloney . `` What Would Gregory Peck Think of ' Go Set a Watchman ' ? His Son Weighs In '' . WSJ . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Idato , Michael ( February 4 , 2015 ) . `` Harper Lee to release second novel 50 years after To Kill a Mockingbird '' . Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved February 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Alison Flood ( February 5 , 2015 ) . `` Harper Lee 's ' lost ' novel was intended to complete a trilogy , says agent '' . The Guardian . ^ Jump up to : `` Expert Says Manuscript Is Not Harper Lee 's Third Novel '' . The New York Times . 1 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Keith Collins . `` See how Harper Lee 's ' Go Set a Watchman ' became ' To Kill a Mockingbird ' '' . Quartz . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . Bibliography Johnson , Claudia . To Kill a Mockingbird : Threatening Boundaries . Twayne Publishers : 1994 . ISBN 0 - 8057 - 8068 - 8 Johnson , Claudia . Understanding To Kill a Mockingbird : A Student Casebook to Issues , Sources , and Historic Documents . Greenwood Press : 1994 . ISBN 0 - 313 - 29193 - 4 Lee , Harper . To Kill a Mockingbird . HarperCollins : 1960 ( Perennial Classics edition : 2002 ) . ISBN 0 - 06 - 093546 - 4 Mancini , Candice , ( ed . ) ( 2008 ) . Racism in Harper Lee 's To Kill a Mockingbird , The Gale Group . ISBN 0 - 7377 - 3904 - 5 Murphy , Mary M. ( ed . ) Scout , Atticus , and Boo : A Celebration of Fifty Years of To Kill a Mockingbird , HarperCollins Publishers : 2010 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 06 - 192407 - 1 Noble , Don ( ed . ) . Critical Insights : To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee , Salem Press : 2010 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 58765 - 618 - 7 Petry , Alice . `` Introduction '' in On Harper Lee : Essays and Reflections . University of Tennessee Press : 1994 . ISBN 1 - 57233 - 578 - 5 Shields , Charles . Mockingbird : A Portrait of Harper Lee . Henry Holt and Co. : 2006 . ISBN 0 - 8050 - 7919 - X External links Listen to this article ( 2 parts ) ( info ) Part 1 Part 2 This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` To Kill a Mockingbird '' dated 2008 - 07 - 08 , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article . ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Quotations related to To Kill a Mockingbird ( novel ) at Wikiquote To Kill a Mockingbird in the Encyclopedia of Alabama Lee , Harper ( 1988 ) ( 1960 ) . To Kill a Mockingbird . In association with McIntosh and Otis , Inc. at the Internet Archive . 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Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did to kill a mockingbird come out | ["To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old."] | ['1960'] | To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old. |
[question]: What is the name of the novel written by Harper Lee that won the Pulitzer Prize?
[answer]: The novel written by Harper Lee that won the Pulitzer Prize is "To Kill a Mockingbird." | What is the name of the novel written by Harper Lee that won the Pulitzer Prize? | The novel written by Harper Lee that won the Pulitzer Prize is "To Kill a Mockingbird." | 1 | 7.497435 | 16 | 64 | 1 |
20,512 | 397,300,675,347,427,300 | SS Edmund Fitzgerald | SS Edmund Fitzgerald - wikipedia SS Edmund Fitzgerald Jump to : navigation , search `` Edmund Fitzgerald '' redirects here . For other uses , see Edmund Fitzgerald ( disambiguation ) . Edmund Fitzgerald in 1971 History Name : SS Edmund Fitzgerald Owner : Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company Operator : Columbia Transportation Division , Oglebay Norton Company of Cleveland , Ohio Port of registry : United States Ordered : February 1 , 1957 Builder : Great Lakes Engineering Works of River Rouge , Michigan Yard number : 301 Laid down : August 7 , 1957 Launched : June 7 , 1958 Christened : June 7 , 1958 Maiden voyage : September 24 , 1958 In service : June 8 , 1958 Out of service : November 10 , 1975 Identification : Registry number US 277437 Nickname ( s ) : Fitz , Mighty Fitz , Big Fitz , Pride of the American Side , Toledo Express , Titanic of the Great Lakes Fate : Lost in a storm on November 10 , 1975 , with all 29 crewmembers Status : Sunken Notes : Location : 46 ° 59.91 ′ N 85 ° 06.61 ′ W / 46.99850 ° N 85.11017 ° W / 46.99850 ; - 85.11017 Coordinates : 46 ° 59.91 ′ N 85 ° 06.61 ′ W / 46.99850 ° N 85.11017 ° W / 46.99850 ; - 85.11017 General characteristics Type : Lake freighter Tonnage : 13,632 GRT 8,713 NRT ( from 1969 : 8,686 NRT ) 26,000 DWT Length : 729 ft ( 222 m ) overall 711 ft ( 217 m ) between perpendiculars Beam : 75 ft ( 23 m ) Draft : 25 ft ( 7.6 m ) typical Depth : 39 ft ( 12 m ) ( moulded ) Depth of hold : 33 ft 4 in ( 10.16 m ) Installed power : As built : Coal fired Westinghouse Electric Corporation steam turbine at 7,500 shp ( 5,600 kW ) After refit : Conversion to oil fuel and the fitting of automated boiler controls over the winter of 1971 -- 72 . Carried 72,000 U.S. gal ( 270,000 L ; 60,000 imp gal ) fuel oil Propulsion : Single 19.5 ft ( 5.9 m ) propeller Speed : 14 kn ( 26 km / h ; 16 mph ) Capacity : 25,400 tons of cargo Crew : 29 SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10 , 1975 , with the loss of the entire crew of 29 . When launched on June 7 , 1958 , she was the largest ship on North America 's Great Lakes , and she remains the largest to have sunk there . For 17 years Fitzgerald carried taconite iron ore from mines near Duluth , Minnesota , to iron works in Detroit , Toledo , and other Great Lakes ports . As a workhorse , she set seasonal haul records six times , often breaking her own previous record . Captain Peter Pulcer was known for piping music day or night over the ship 's intercom while passing through the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers ( between Lakes Huron and Erie ) , and entertaining spectators at the Soo Locks ( between Lakes Superior and Huron ) with a running commentary about the ship . Her size , record - breaking performance , and `` DJ captain '' endeared Fitzgerald to boat watchers . Carrying a full cargo of ore pellets with Captain Ernest M. McSorley in command , she embarked on her ill - fated voyage from Superior , Wisconsin , near Duluth , on the afternoon of November 9 , 1975 . En route to a steel mill near Detroit , Fitzgerald joined a second freighter , SS Arthur M. Anderson . By the next day , the two ships were caught in a severe storm on Lake Superior , with near hurricane - force winds and waves up to 35 feet ( 11 m ) high . Shortly after 7 : 10 p.m. , Fitzgerald suddenly sank in Canadian ( Ontario ) waters 530 feet ( 160 m ) deep , about 17 miles ( 15 nautical miles ; 27 kilometers ) from Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan , and Sault Ste . Marie , Ontario -- a distance Fitzgerald could have covered in just over an hour at her top speed . Although Fitzgerald had reported being in difficulty earlier , no distress signals were sent before she sank ; Captain McSorley 's last message to Anderson said , `` We are holding our own . '' Her crew of 29 perished , and no bodies were recovered . The exact cause of the sinking remains unknown , though many books , studies , and expeditions have examined it . Fitzgerald may have been swamped , suffered structural failure or topside damage , been shoaled , or suffered from a combination of these . The disaster is one of the best - known in the history of Great Lakes shipping . Gordon Lightfoot made it the subject of his 1976 hit song `` The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' after reading an article , `` The Cruelest Month '' , in the November 24 , 1975 , issue of Newsweek . The sinking led to changes in Great Lakes shipping regulations and practices that included mandatory survival suits , depth finders , positioning systems , increased freeboard , and more frequent inspection of vessels . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Design and construction 1.2 Name and launch 1.3 Career 1.4 Final voyage and wreck 1.5 Search 2 Wreck discovery and surveys 2.1 Wreck discovery 2.2 Underwater surveys 2.3 Restrictions on surveys 3 Theories on the cause of sinking 3.1 Waves and weather theory 3.2 Rogue wave theory 3.3 Cargo - hold flooding theory 3.4 Shoaling theory 3.5 Structural failure theory 3.6 Topside damage theory 4 Possible contributing factors 4.1 Weather forecasting 4.2 Inaccurate navigational charts 4.3 Lack of watertight bulkheads 4.4 Lack of instrumentation 4.5 Increased load lines , reduced freeboard 4.6 Maintenance 4.7 Complacency 5 Legal settlement 6 Subsequent changes to Great Lakes shipping practice 7 Memorials 7.1 Musical and theater tributes 7.2 Commercialization 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links History ( edit ) SS Edmund Fitzgerald , upbound and in ballast Design and construction ( edit ) Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee , Wisconsin , invested in the iron and minerals industries on a large - scale basis , including the construction of Fitzgerald , which represented the first such investment by any American life insurance company . In 1957 , they contracted Great Lakes Engineering Works ( GLEW ) , of River Rouge , Michigan , to design and construct the ship `` within a foot of the maximum length allowed for passage through the soon - to - be completed Saint Lawrence Seaway . '' Fitzgerald was the first laker built to the maximum St. Lawrence Seaway size , which was 730 feet ( 222.5 m ) long , 75 feet ( 22.9 m ) wide , and with a 25 foot ( 7.6 m ) draft . The moulded depth ( roughly speaking , the vertical height of the hull ) was 39 ft ( 12 m ) . The hold depth ( the inside height of the cargo hold ) was 33 ft 4 in ( 10.16 m ) . GLEW laid the first keel plate on August 7 the same year . With a deadweight capacity of 26,000 long tons ( 29,120 short tons ; 26,417 t ) , and a 729 - foot ( 222 m ) hull , Fitzgerald was the longest ship on the Great Lakes , earning her the title Queen of the Lakes until September 17 , 1959 , when the 730 - foot ( 222.5 m ) SS Murray Bay was launched . Fitzgerald 's three central cargo holds were loaded through 21 watertight hatches , each 11 by 48 feet ( 3.4 by 14.6 m ) of ⁄ - inch - thick ( 7.9 mm ) steel . Originally coal - fired , her boilers were converted to burn oil during the 1971 -- 72 winter layup . In 1969 , the ship 's maneuverability was improved by the installation of a diesel - powered bow thruster . By ore freighter standards , the interior of Fitzgerald was luxurious . Her J.L. Hudson Company - designed furnishings included deep pile carpeting , tiled bathrooms , drapes over the portholes , and leather swivel chairs in the guest lounge . There were two guest state rooms for passengers . Air conditioning extended to the crew quarters , which featured more amenities than usual . A large galley and fully stocked pantry supplied meals for two dining rooms . The Fitzgerald pilothouse was outfitted with `` state - of - the - art nautical equipment and a beautiful map room . '' Name and launch ( edit ) Northwestern named the ship after its president and chairman of the board , Edmund Fitzgerald . Fitzgerald 's own grandfather had himself been a lake captain , and his father owned the Milwaukee Drydock Company that built and repaired ships . More than 15,000 people attended Fitzgerald 's christening and launch ceremony on June 7 , 1958 . But the event was plagued by misfortunes : When Elizabeth Fitzgerald , wife of Edmund Fitzgerald , tried to christen the ship by smashing a champagne bottle over the bow , it took her three attempts to break it . A delay of 36 minutes followed while the shipyard crew struggled to release the keel blocks . Upon sideways launch , the ship created a large wave that `` doused '' the spectators and then crashed into a pier before righting herself . One man watching the launching had a heart attack and later died . Other witnesses later said they swore the ship was `` trying to climb right out of the water '' . On September 22 , 1958 , Fitzgerald completed nine days of sea trials . Career ( edit ) SS Edmund Fitzgerald underway Northwestern 's normal practice was to purchase ships for operation by other companies . In Fitzgerald 's case , they signed a 25 - year contract with Oglebay Norton Corporation to operate the vessel . Oglebay Norton immediately designated the Fitzgerald flagship of its Columbia Transportation fleet . Fitzgerald was a record - setting workhorse , often beating her own milestones . The vessel 's record load for a single trip was 27,402 long tons ( 30,690 short tons ; 27,842 t ) in 1969 . For 17 years , Fitzgerald carried taconite from Minnesota 's Iron Range mines near Duluth , Minnesota , to iron works in Detroit , Toledo , and other ports . She set seasonal haul records six different times . Her nicknames included `` Fitz '' , `` Pride of the American Flag '' , `` Mighty Fitz '' , `` Toledo Express '' , `` Big Fitz '' , and the `` Titanic of the Great Lakes '' . Loading Fitzgerald with taconite pellets took about four and a half hours while unloading took around 14 hours . A round trip between Superior , Wisconsin , and Detroit , Michigan , usually took her five days and she averaged 47 similar trips per season . The vessel 's usual route was between Superior , Wisconsin , and Toledo , Ohio , although her port of destination could vary . By November 1975 , Fitzgerald had logged an estimated 748 round trips on the Great Lakes and covered more than a million miles , `` a distance roughly equivalent to 44 trips around the world . '' Up until a few weeks before her loss , passengers had traveled on board as company guests . Frederick Stonehouse wrote : Stewards treated the guests to the entire VIP routine . The cuisine was reportedly excellent and snacks were always available in the lounge . A small but well stocked kitchenette provided the drinks . Once each trip , the captain held a candlelight dinner for the guests , complete with mess - jacketed stewards and special `` clamdigger '' punch . Because of her size , appearance , string of records , and `` DJ captain , '' Fitzgerald became a favorite of boat watchers throughout her career . Although Captain Peter Pulcer was in command of Fitzgerald on trips when cargo records were set , `` he is best remembered ... for piping music day or night over the ship 's intercom system '' while passing through the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers . While navigating the Soo Locks he would often come out of the pilothouse and use a bullhorn to entertain tourists with a commentary on details about Fitzgerald . In 1969 , Fitzgerald received a safety award for eight years of operation without a time - off worker injury . The vessel ran aground in 1969 , and she collided with SS Hochelaga in 1970 . Later that same year , she struck the wall of a lock , an accident repeated in 1973 and 1974 . During 1974 , she lost her original bow anchor in the Detroit River . None of these mishaps , however , were considered serious or unusual . Freshwater ships were built to last more than half a century , and Fitzgerald should still have had a long career ahead of her when she sank . Final voyage and wreck ( edit ) The National Transportation Safety Board map of probable course of Edmund Fitzgerald and Arthur M. Anderson Fitzgerald left Superior , Wisconsin , at 2 : 15 p.m. on the afternoon of November 9 , 1975 , under the command of Captain Ernest M. McSorley . She was en route to the steel mill on Zug Island , near Detroit , Michigan , with a cargo of 26,116 long tons ( 29,250 short tons ; 26,535 t ) of taconite ore pellets and soon reached her full speed of 16.3 miles per hour ( 14.2 kn ; 26.2 km / h ) . Around 5 p.m. , Fitzgerald joined a second freighter under the command of Captain Jesse B. `` Bernie '' Cooper , Arthur M. Anderson , destined for Gary , Indiana , out of Two Harbors , Minnesota . The weather forecast was not unusual for November and the National Weather Service ( NWS ) predicted that a storm would pass just south of Lake Superior by 7 a.m. on November 10 . SS Wilfred Sykes loaded opposite Fitzgerald at the Burlington Northern Dock # 1 and departed at 4 : 15 p.m. , about two hours after Fitzgerald . In contrast to the NWS forecast , Captain Dudley J. Paquette of Sykes predicted that a major storm would directly cross Lake Superior . From the outset , he chose a route that took advantage of the protection offered by the lake 's north shore in order to avoid the worst effects of the storm . The crew of Sykes followed the radio conversations between Fitzgerald and Anderson during the first part of their trip and overheard their captains deciding to take the regular Lake Carriers ' Association downbound route . The NWS altered its forecast at 7 : 00 p.m. , issuing gale warnings for the whole of Lake Superior . Anderson and Fitzgerald altered course northward seeking shelter along the Ontario coast where they encountered a winter storm at 1 : 00 a.m. on November 10 . Fitzgerald reported winds of 52 knots ( 96 km / h ; 60 mph ) and waves 10 feet ( 3.0 m ) high . Captain Paquette of Sykes reported that after 1 a.m. , he overheard McSorley say that he had reduced the ship 's speed because of the rough conditions . Paquette said he was stunned to later hear McSorley , who was not known for turning aside or slowing down , state that `` we 're going to try for some lee from Isle Royale . You 're walking away from us anyway ... I ca n't stay with you . '' At 2 : 00 a.m. on November 10 , the NWS upgraded its warnings from gale to storm , forecasting winds of 35 -- 50 knots ( 65 -- 93 km / h ; 40 -- 58 mph ) . Until then , Fitzgerald had followed Anderson , which was travelling at a constant 14.6 miles per hour ( 12.7 kn ; 23.5 km / h ) , but the faster Fitzgerald pulled ahead at about 3 : 00 a.m. As the storm center passed over the ships , they experienced shifting winds , with wind speeds temporarily dropping as wind direction changed from northeast to south and then northwest . After 1 : 50 p.m. , when Anderson logged winds of 5 knots ( 9.3 km / h ; 5.8 mph ) , wind speeds again picked up rapidly and it began to snow at 2 : 45 p.m. , reducing visibility ; Anderson lost sight of Fitzgerald , which was about 16 miles ( 26 km ) ahead at the time . Shortly after 3 : 30 p.m. , Captain McSorley radioed Anderson to report that Fitzgerald was taking on water and had lost two vent covers and a fence railing . The vessel had also developed a list . Two of Fitzgerald 's six bilge pumps ran continuously to discharge shipped water . McSorley said that he would slow his ship down so that Anderson could close the gap between them . In a broadcast shortly afterward , the United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) warned all shipping that the Soo Locks had been closed and they should seek safe anchorage . Shortly after 4 : 10 p.m. , McSorley called Anderson again to report a radar failure and asked Anderson to keep track of them . Fitzgerald , effectively blind , slowed to let Anderson come within a 10 - mile ( 16 km ) range so she could receive radar guidance from the other ship . For a time , Anderson directed Fitzgerald toward the relative safety of Whitefish Bay ; then at 4 : 39 p.m. , McSorley contacted the USCG station in Grand Marais , Michigan , to inquire whether the Whitefish Point light and navigation beacon were operational . The USCG replied that their monitoring equipment indicated that both instruments were inactive . McSorley then hailed any ships in the Whitefish Point area to report the state of the navigational aids , receiving an answer from Captain Cedric Woodard of Avafors between 5 : 00 and 5 : 30 p.m. that the Whitefish Point light was on but not the radio beacon . Woodard testified to the Marine Board that he overheard McSorley say , `` Do n't allow nobody on deck , '' as well as something about a vent that Woodard could not understand . Some time later , McSorley told Woodard , `` I have a ' bad list , ' I have lost both radars , and am taking heavy seas over the deck in one of the worst seas I have ever been in . '' Map showing the location of the wreck , with the red pointer By late in the afternoon of November 10 , sustained winds of over 50 knots ( 93 km / h ; 58 mph ) were recorded by ships and observation points across eastern Lake Superior . Anderson logged sustained winds as high as 58 knots ( 107 km / h ; 67 mph ) at 4 : 52 p.m. , while waves increased to as high as 25 feet ( 7.6 m ) by 6 : 00 p.m. Anderson was also struck by 70 - to - 75 - knot ( 130 to 139 km / h ; 81 to 86 mph ) gusts and rogue waves as high as 35 feet ( 11 m ) . The last communication from the ship came at approximately 7 : 10 p.m. , when Anderson notified Fitzgerald of an upbound ship and asked how she was doing . McSorley reported , `` We are holding our own . '' She sank minutes later . No distress signal was received , and ten minutes later , Anderson lost the ability either to raise Fitzgerald by radio or to detect her on radar . Search ( edit ) One of Edmund Fitzgerald 's lifeboats , on display at the Valley Camp museum ship Captain Cooper of Anderson first called the USCG in Sault Ste . Marie at 7 : 39 p.m. on channel 16 , the radio distress frequency . The USCG responders instructed him to call back on channel 12 because they wanted to keep their emergency channel open and they were having difficulty with their communication systems , including antennas blown down by the storm . Cooper then contacted the upbound saltwater vessel Nanfri and was told that she could not pick up Fitzgerald on her radar . Despite repeated attempts to raise the USCG , Cooper was not successful until 7 : 54 p.m. when the officer on duty asked him to keep watch for a 16 - foot ( 4.9 m ) boat lost in the area . At about 8 : 25 p.m. , Cooper again called the USCG to express his concern about Fitzgerald and at 9 : 03 p.m. reported her missing . Petty Officer Philip Branch later testified , `` I considered it serious , but at the time it was not urgent . '' Lacking appropriate search - and - rescue vessels to respond to the Fitzgerald disaster , at approximately 9 : 00 p.m. , the USCG asked Anderson to turn around and look for survivors . Around 10 : 30 p.m. , the USCG asked all commercial vessels anchored in or near Whitefish Bay to assist in the search . The initial search for survivors was carried out by Anderson , and a second freighter , SS William Clay Ford . The efforts of a third freighter , the Toronto - registered SS Hilda Marjanne , were foiled by the weather . The USCG sent a buoy tender , Woodrush , from Duluth , Minnesota , but it took two and a half hours to launch and a day to arrive at the search area . The Traverse City , Michigan , USCG station launched an HU - 16 fixed - wing search aircraft that arrived on the scene at 10 : 53 p.m. while an HH - 52 USCG helicopter with a 3.8 - million - candlepower searchlight arrived at 1 : 00 a.m. on November 11 . Canadian Coast Guard aircraft joined the three - day search and the Ontario Provincial Police established and maintained a beach patrol all along the eastern shore of Lake Superior . Although the search recovered debris , including lifeboats and rafts , no survivors were found . On her final voyage , Fitzgerald 's crew of 29 consisted of the captain , the first , second and third mates , five engineers , three oilers , a cook , a wiper , two maintenance men , three watchmen , three deckhands , three wheelsmen , two porters , a cadet and a steward . Most of the crew was from Ohio and Wisconsin ; their ages ranged from 21 - year - old deckhand Mark Andrew Thomas to Captain McSorley , 63 years old and planning his retirement . Fitzgerald is among the largest and best - known vessels lost on the Great Lakes but she is not alone on the Lake Superior seabed in that area . In the years between 1816 , when Invincible was lost , and 1975 , when Fitzgerald sank , the Whitefish Point area had claimed at least 240 ships . Wreck discovery and surveys ( edit ) A USCG drawing of the relative positions of the wreck parts Wreck discovery ( edit ) A U.S. Navy Lockheed P - 3 Orion aircraft , piloted by Lt. George Conner and equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines , found the wreck on November 14 , 1975 . Fitzgerald lay about 15 miles ( 13 nmi ; 24 km ) west of Deadman 's Cove , Ontario , 17 miles ( 15 nmi ; 27 km ) from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast , in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of 530 feet ( 160 m ) . A further November 14 -- 16 survey by the USCG using a side scan sonar revealed two large objects lying close together on the lake floor . The U.S. Navy also contracted Seaward , Inc. , to conduct a second survey between November 22 and 25 . Underwater surveys ( edit ) From May 20 to 28 , 1976 , the U.S. Navy dived the wreck using its unmanned submersible , CURV - III , and found Fitzgerald lying in two large pieces in 530 feet ( 160 m ) of water . Navy estimates put the length of the bow section at 276 feet ( 84 m ) and that of the stern section at 253 feet ( 77 m ) . The bow section stood upright in the mud , some 170 feet ( 52 m ) from the stern section that lay capsized at a 50 - degree angle from the bow . In between the two broken sections lay a large mass of taconite pellets and scattered wreckage lying about , including hatch covers and hull plating . In 1980 , during a Lake Superior research dive expedition , marine explorer Jean - Michel Cousteau , the son of Jacques Cousteau , sent two divers from RV Calypso in the first manned submersible dive to Fitzgerald . The dive was brief , and although the dive team drew no final conclusions , they speculated that Fitzgerald had broken up on the surface . The Michigan Sea Grant Program organized a three - day dive to survey the Fitzgerald in 1989 . The primary objective was to record 3 - D videotape for use in museum educational programs and production of documentaries . The expedition used a towed survey system ( TSS Mk1 ) and a self - propelled , tethered , free swimming remotely operated underwater vehicle ( ROV ) . The Mini Rover ROV was equipped with miniature stereoscopic cameras and wide angle lenses in order to produce 3 - D images . The towed survey system and the Mini Rover ROV were designed , built and operated by Chris Nicholson of Deep Sea Systems International , Inc . Participants included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) , the National Geographic Society , the United States Army Corps of Engineers , the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society ( GLSHS ) , and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service , the latter providing RV Grayling as the support vessel for the ROV . The GLSHS used part of the five hours of video footage produced during the dives in a documentary and the National Geographic Society used a segment in a broadcast . Frederick Stonehouse , who wrote one of the first books on the Fitzgerald wreck , moderated a 1990 panel review of the video that drew no conclusions about the cause of Fitzgerald 's sinking . Canadian explorer Joseph B. MacInnis organized and led six publicly funded dives to Fitzgerald over a three - day period in 1994 . Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution provided Edwin A. Link as the support vessel , and their manned submersible , Celia . The GLSHS paid $10,000 for three of its members to each join a dive and take still pictures . MacInnis concluded that the notes and video obtained during the dives did not provide an explanation why Fitzgerald sank . The same year , longtime sport diver Fred Shannon formed Deepquest Ltd. , and organized a privately funded dive to the wreck of Fitzgerald , using Delta Oceanographic 's submersible , Delta . Deepquest Ltd. conducted seven dives and took more than 42 hours of underwater video while Shannon set the record for the longest submersible dive to Fitzgerald at 211 minutes . Prior to conducting the dives , Shannon studied NOAA navigational charts and found that the international boundary had changed three times before its publication by NOAA in 1976 . Shannon determined that based on GPS coordinates from the 1994 Deepquest expedition , `` at least one - third of the two acres of immediate wreckage containing the two major portions of the vessel is in U.S. waters because of an error in the position of the U.S. -- Canada boundary line shown on official lake charts . '' Shannon 's group discovered the remains of a crew member partly dressed in coveralls and wearing a life jacket lying face up on the lake bottom alongside the bow of the ship , indicating that at least one of the crew was aware of the possibility of sinking . The life jacket had deteriorated canvas and `` what is thought to be six rectangular cork blocks ... clearly visible . '' Shannon concluded that `` massive and advancing structural failure '' caused Fitzgerald to break apart on the surface and sink . MacInnis led another series of dives in 1995 to salvage the bell from Fitzgerald . The Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians backed the expedition by co-signing a loan in the amount of $250,000 . Canadian engineer Phil Nuytten 's atmospheric diving suit , known as the `` Newtsuit , '' was used to retrieve the bell from the ship , replace it with a replica , and put a beer can in Fitzgerald 's pilothouse . That same year , Terrence Tysall and Mike Zee set multiple records when they used trimix gas to scuba dive to Fitzgerald . The pair are the only people known to have touched the Fitzgerald wreck . They also set records for the deepest scuba dive on the Great Lakes and the deepest shipwreck dive , and were the first divers to reach Fitzgerald without the aid of a submersible . It took six minutes to reach the wreck , six minutes to survey it , and three hours to resurface to avoid decompression sickness , also known as `` the bends . '' Restrictions on surveys ( edit ) Under the Ontario Heritage Act , activities on registered archeological sites require a license . In March 2005 , the Whitefish Point Preservation Society accused the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society ( GLSHS ) of conducting an unauthorized dive to Fitzgerald . Although the director of the GLSHS admitted to conducting a sonar scan of the wreck in 2002 , he denied such a survey required a license at the time it was carried out . An April 2005 amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act allowed the Ontario government to impose a license requirement on dives , the operation of submersibles , side scan sonars or underwater cameras within a designated radius around protected sites . Conducting any of those activities without a license would result in fine of up to CAD $1 million . On the basis of the amended law , to protect wreck sites considered `` watery graves '' , the Ontario government issued updated regulations in January 2006 , including an area with a 500 - meter ( 1,640 ft ) radius around Fitzgerald and other specifically designated marine archeological sites . In 2009 , a further amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act imposed licensing requirements on any type of surveying device . Theories on the cause of sinking ( edit ) Extreme weather and sea conditions play a role in all of the published theories regarding Fitzgerald 's sinking , but they differ on the other causal factors . Waves and weather theory ( edit ) Weather map of November 10 , 1975 . In 2005 NOAA and the NWS ran a computer simulation , including weather and wave conditions , covering the period from November 9 , 1975 , until the early morning of November 11 . Analysis of the simulation showed that two separate areas of high wind appeared over Lake Superior at 4 : 00 p.m. on November 10 . One had speeds in excess of 43 knots ( 80 km / h ; 49 mph ) and the other winds in excess of 40 knots ( 74 km / h ; 46 mph ) . The southeastern part of the lake , the direction in which Fitzgerald was heading , had the highest winds . Average wave heights increased to near 19 feet ( 5.8 m ) by 7 : 00 p.m. , November 10 , and winds exceeded 50 mph ( 43 kn ; 80 km / h ) over most of southeastern Lake Superior . Fitzgerald sank at the eastern edge of the area of high wind where the long fetch , or distance that wind blows over water , produced significant waves averaging over 23 feet ( 7.0 m ) by 7 : 00 p.m. and over 25 feet ( 7.6 m ) at 8 : 00 p.m. The simulation also showed one in 100 waves reaching 36 feet ( 11 m ) and one out of every 1,000 reaching 46 feet ( 14 m ) . Since the ship was heading east - southeastward , the waves likely caused Fitzgerald to roll heavily . At the time of the sinking , the ship Arthur M. Anderson reported northwest winds of 57 mph ( 50 kn ; 92 km / h ) , matching the simulation analysis result of 54 mph ( 47 kn ; 87 km / h ) . The analysis further showed that the maximum sustained winds reached near hurricane force of about 70 mph ( 61 kn ; 110 km / h ) with gusts to 86 miles per hour ( 75 kn ; 138 km / h ) at the time and location where Fitzgerald sank . Rogue wave theory ( edit ) A group of three rogue waves , often called `` three sisters , '' was reported in the vicinity of Fitzgerald at the time she sank . The `` three sisters '' phenomenon is said to occur on Lake Superior as a result of a sequence of three rogue waves forming that are one - third larger than normal waves . When the first wave hits a ship 's deck , before its water drains away the second wave strikes . The third incoming wave adds to the two accumulated backwashes , suddenly overloading the deck with tons of water . Captain Cooper of Anderson reported that his ship was `` hit by two 30 to 35 foot seas about 6 : 30 p.m. , one burying the aft cabins and damaging a lifeboat by pushing it right down onto the saddle . The second wave of this size , perhaps 35 foot , came over the bridge deck . '' Cooper went on to say that these two waves , possibly followed by a third , continued in the direction of Fitzgerald and would have struck about the time she sank . This theory postulates that the `` three sisters '' compounded the twin problems of Fitzgerald 's known list and her slower speed in heavy seas that already allowed water to remain on her deck for longer than usual . The Edmund Fitzgerald episode of the 2010 television series Dive Detectives features the wave - generating tank of the National Research Council 's Institute for Naval Technology in St. John 's , and the tank 's simulation of the effect of a 17 - meter ( 56 ft ) rogue wave upon a scale model of Fitzgerald . The simulation indicated such a rogue wave could almost completely submerge the bow or stern of the ship with water , at least temporarily . Cargo - hold flooding theory ( edit ) The July 26 , 1977 , USCG Marine Casualty Report suggested that the accident was caused by ineffective hatch closures . The report concluded that these devices failed to prevent waves from inundating the cargo hold . The flooding occurred gradually and probably imperceptibly throughout the final day , finally resulting in a fatal loss of buoyancy and stability . As a result , Fitzgerald plummeted to the bottom without warning . Video footage of the wreck site showed that most of her hatch clamps were in perfect condition . The USCG Marine board concluded that the few damaged clamps were probably the only ones fastened . As a result , ineffective hatch closure caused Fitzgerald to flood and founder . From the beginning of the USCG inquiry , some of the crewmen 's families and various labor organizations believed the USCG findings could be tainted because there were serious questions regarding their preparedness as well as licensing and rules changes . Paul Trimble , a retired USCG vice admiral and president of the Lake Carriers Association ( LCA ) , wrote a letter to the National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) on September 16 , 1977 , that included the following statements of objection to the USCG findings : The present hatch covers are an advanced design and are considered by the entire lake shipping industry to be the most significant improvement over the telescoping leaf covers previously used for many years ... The one - piece hatch covers have proven completely satisfactory in all weather conditions without a single vessel loss in almost 40 years of use ... and no water accumulation in cargo holds ... It was common practice for ore freighters , even in foul weather , to embark with not all cargo clamps locked in place on the hatch covers . Maritime author Wolff reported that depending on weather conditions , all the clamps were eventually set within one to two days . Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes was dismissive of suggestions that unlocked hatch clamps caused Fitzgerald to founder . He said that he commonly sailed in fine weather using the minimum number of clamps necessary to secure the hatch covers . The May 4 , 1978 , NTSB findings differed from the USCG . The NTSB made the following observations based on the CURV - III survey : The No. 1 hatch cover was entirely inside the No. 1 hatch and showed indications of buckling from external loading . Sections of the coaming in way of the No. 1 hatch were fractured and buckled inward . The No. 2 hatch cover was missing and the coaming on the No. 2 hatch was fractured and buckled . Hatches Nos. 3 and 4 were covered with mud ; one corner of hatch cover No. 3 could be seen in place . Hatch cover No. 5 was missing . A series of 16 consecutive hatch cover clamps were observed on the No. 5 hatch coaming . Of this series , the first and eighth were distorted or broken . All of the 14 other clamps were undamaged and in the open position . The No. 6 hatch was open and a hatch cover was standing on end vertically in the hatch . The hatch covers were missing from hatches Nos. 7 and 8 and both coamings were fractured and severely distorted . The bow section abruptly ended just aft of hatch No. 8 and the deck plating was ripped up from the separation to the forward end of hatch No. 7 . The NTSB conducted computer studies , testing and analysis to determine the forces necessary to collapse the hatch covers and concluded that Fitzgerald sank suddenly from flooding of the cargo hold `` due to the collapse of one or more of the hatch covers under the weight of giant boarding seas '' instead of flooding gradually due to ineffective hatch closures . The NTSB dissenting opinion held that Fitzgerald sank suddenly and unexpectedly from shoaling . Shoaling theory ( edit ) The LCA believed that instead of hatch cover leakage , the more probable cause of the Fitzgerald loss was shoaling or grounding in the Six Fathom Shoal northwest of Caribou Island when the vessel `` unknowingly raked a reef '' during the time the Whitefish Point light and radio beacon were not available as navigation aids . This theory was supported by a 1976 Canadian hydrographic survey , which disclosed that an unknown shoal ran a mile further east of Six Fathom Shoal than shown on the Canadian charts . Officers from Anderson observed that Fitzgerald sailed through this exact area . Conjecture by proponents of the Six Fathom Shoal theory concluded that Fitzgerald 's downed fence rail reported by McSorley could occur only if the ship `` hogged '' during shoaling , with the bow and stern bent downward and the midsection raised by the shoal , pulling the railing tight until the cables dislodged or tore under the strain . Divers searched the Six Fathom Shoal after the wreck occurred and found no evidence of `` a recent collision or grounding anywhere . '' Maritime authors Bishop and Stonehouse wrote that the shoaling theory was later challenged on the basis of the higher quality of detail in Shannon 's 1994 photography that `` explicitly show ( s ) the devastation of the Fitzgerald . '' Shannon 's photography of Fitzgerald 's overturned stern showed `` no evidence on the bottom of the stern , the propeller or the rudder of the ship that would indicate the ship struck a shoal . '' Maritime author Stonehouse reasoned that `` unlike the Lake Carriers , the Coast Guard had no vested interest in the outcome of their investigation . '' Author Bishop reported that Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes argued that through their support for the shoaling explanation , the LCA represented the shipping company 's interests by advocating a theory that held LCA member companies , the American Bureau of Shipping , and the U.S. Coast Guard Service blameless . Paul Hainault , a retired professor of mechanical engineering from Michigan Technological University , promoted a theory that began as a student class project . His hypothesis held that Fitzgerald grounded at 9 : 30 a.m. on November 10 on Superior Shoal . This shoal , charted in 1929 , is an underwater mountain in the middle of Lake Superior about 50 miles ( 80 km ) north of Copper Harbor , Michigan . It has sharp peaks that rise nearly to the lake surface with water depths ranging from 22 to 400 feet ( 6.7 to 121.9 m ) , making it a menace to navigation . Discovery of the shoal resulted in a change in recommended shipping routes . A seiche , or standing wave , that occurred during the low - pressure system over Lake Superior on November 10 , 1975 , caused the lake to rise 3 feet ( 0.91 m ) over the Soo Locks 's gates to flood Portage Avenue in Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan , with 1 foot ( 0.3 m ) of water . Hainault 's theory held that this seiche contributed to Fitzgerald shoaling 200 feet ( 61 m ) of her hull on Superior Shoal , causing the hull to be punctured mid-body . The hypothesis contended that the wave action continued to damage the hull , until the middle third dropped out like a box , leaving the ship held together by the center deck . The stern section acted as an anchor and caused Fitzgerald to come to a full stop , causing everything to go forward . The ship broke apart on the surface within seconds . Compressed air pressure blew a hole in the starboard bow , which sank 18 degrees off course . The rear kept going forward with the engine still running , rolled to port and landed bottom up . Structural failure theory ( edit ) Another published theory contends that an already weakened structure , and modification of Fitzgerald 's winter load line ( which allows heavier loading and travel lower in the water ) , made it possible for large waves to cause a stress fracture in the hull . This is based on the `` regular '' huge waves of the storm and does not necessarily involve rogue waves . The USCG and NTSB investigated whether Fitzgerald broke apart due to structural failure of the hull and because the 1976 CURV III survey found the Fitzgerald sections were 170 feet ( 52 m ) from each other , the USCG 's formal casualty report of July 1977 concluded that she had separated upon hitting the lake floor . The NTSB came to the same conclusion as USCG because : The proximity of the bow and stern sections on the bottom of Lake Superior indicated that the vessel sank in one piece and broke apart either when it hit bottom or as it descended . Therefore , the Fitzgerald did not sustain a massive structural failure of the hull while on the surface ... The final position of the wreckage indicated that if the Fitzgerald had capsized , it must have suffered a structural failure before hitting the lake bottom . The bow section would have had to right itself and the stern portion would have had to capsize before coming to rest on the bottom . It is , therefore , concluded that the Fitzgerald did not capsize on the surface . After maritime historian Frederick Stonehouse moderated the panel reviewing the video footage from the 1989 ROV survey of Fitzgerald , he concluded that the extent of taconite coverage over the wreck site showed that the stern had floated on the surface for a short time and spilled taconite into the forward section ; thus the two sections of the wreck did not sink at the same time . The 1994 Shannon team found that the stern and the bow were 255 feet ( 78 m ) apart leading Shannon to conclude that Fitzgerald broke up on the surface . He said : This placement does not support the theory that the ship plunged to the bottom in one piece , breaking apart when it struck bottom . If this were true , the two sections would be much closer . In addition , the angle , repose and mounding of clay and mud at the site indicate the stern rolled over on the surface , spilling taconite ore pellets from its severed cargo hold , and then landed on portions of the cargo itself . The stress fracture theory was supported by the testimony of former crewmen . Former Second Mate Richard Orgel , who served on Fitzgerald in 1972 and 1973 , testified that `` the ship had a tendency to bend and spring during storms ' like a diving board after somebody has jumped off . ' '' Orgel was quoted as saying that the loss of Fitzgerald was caused by hull failure , `` pure and simple . I detected undue stress in the side tunnels by examining the white enamel paint , which will crack and splinter when submitted to severe stress . '' George H. `` Red '' Burgner , Fitzgerald 's steward for ten seasons and winter ship - keeper for seven years , testified in a deposition that a `` loose keel '' contributed to the vessel 's loss . Burgner further testified that `` the keel and sister kelsons were only ' tack welded ' '' and that he had personally observed that many of the welds were broken . Burgner was not asked to testify before the Marine Board of Inquiry . When Bethlehem Steel Corporation permanently laid up Fitzgerald 's sister ship , SS Arthur B. Homer , just five years after going to considerable expense to lengthen her , questions were raised as to whether both ships had the same structural problems . The two vessels were built in the same shipyard using welded joints instead of the riveted joints used in older ore freighters . Riveted joints allow a ship to flex and work in heavy seas , while welded joints are more likely to break . Reports indicate that repairs to Fitzgerald 's hull were delayed in 1975 due to plans to lengthen the ship during the upcoming winter layup . Homer was lengthened to 825 feet ( 251 m ) and placed back in service by December 1975 , not long after Fitzgerald foundered . In 1978 , without explanation , Bethlehem Steel Corporation denied permission for the chairman of the NTSB to travel on Homer . Homer was permanently laid up in 1980 and broken for scrap in 1987 . Retired GLEW naval architect Raymond Ramsey , one of the members of the design team that worked on the hull of Fitzgerald , reviewed her increased load lines , maintenance history , along with the history of long ship hull failure and concluded that Fitzgerald was not seaworthy on November 10 , 1975 . He stated that planning Fitzgerald to be compatible with the constraints of the St. Lawrence Seaway had placed her hull design in a `` straight jacket ( sic ? ) . '' Fitzgerald 's long - ship design was developed without the benefit of research , development , test , and evaluation principles while computerized analytical technology was not available at the time she was built . Ramsey noted that Fitzgerald 's hull was built with an all - welded ( instead of riveted ) modular fabrication method , which was used for the first time in the GLEW shipyard . Ramsey concluded that increasing the hull length to 729 feet ( 222 m ) resulted in a L / D slenderness ratio ( the ratio of the length of the ship to the depth of her structure ) that caused excessive multi-axial bending and springing of the hull , and that the hull should have been structurally reinforced to cope with her increased length . Topside damage theory ( edit ) The USCG cited topside damage as a reasonable alternative reason for Fitzgerald sinking and surmised that damage to the fence rail and vents was possibly caused by a heavy floating object such as a log . Historian and mariner Mark Thompson believes that something broke loose from Fitzgerald 's deck . He theorized that the loss of the vents resulted in flooding of two ballast tanks or a ballast tank and a walking tunnel that caused the ship to list . Thompson further conjectured that damage more extensive than Captain McSorley could detect in the pilothouse let water flood the cargo hold . He concluded that the topside damage Fitzgerald experienced at 3 : 30 p.m. on November 10 , compounded by the heavy seas , was the most obvious explanation for why she sank . Possible contributing factors ( edit ) The USCG , NTSB , and proponents of alternative theories have all named multiple possible contributing factors to the foundering of Fitzgerald . A scale model of SS Edmund Fitzgerald Weather forecasting ( edit ) The NWS long range forecast on November 9 , 1975 , predicted that a storm would pass just south of Lake Superior and over the Keweenaw Peninsula , extending into the Lake from Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes had been following and charting the low pressure system over Oklahoma since November 8 and concluded that a major storm would track across eastern Lake Superior . He therefore chose a route that gave Sykes the most protection and took refuge in Thunder Bay , Ontario , during the worst of the storm . Based on the NWS forecast , Arthur M. Anderson and Edmund Fitzgerald instead started their trip across Lake Superior following the regular Lake Carriers Association route , which placed them in the path of the storm . The NTSB investigation concluded that the NWS failed to accurately predict wave heights on November 10 . After running computer models in 2005 using actual meteorological data from November 10 , 1975 , Hultquist of the NWS said of Fitzgerald 's position in the storm , `` It ended in precisely the wrong place at the absolute worst time . '' Inaccurate navigational charts ( edit ) After reviewing testimony that Fitzgerald had passed near shoals north of Caribou Island , the USCG Marine Board examined the relevant navigational charts . They found that the Canadian 1973 navigational chart for the Six Fathom Shoal area was based on Canadian surveys from 1916 and 1919 and that the 1973 U.S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9 included the notation , `` Canadian Areas . For data concerning Canadian areas , Canadian authorities have been consulted . '' Thereafter , at the request of the Marine Board and the Commander of the USCG Ninth District , the Canadian Hydrographic Service conducted a survey of the area surrounding Michipicoten Island and Caribou Island in 1976 . The survey revealed that the shoal ran about 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) further east than shown on Canadian charts . The NTSB investigation concluded that , at the time of the Fitzgerald foundering , Lake Survey Chart No. 9 was not detailed enough to indicate Six Fathom Shoal as a hazard to navigation . Lack of watertight bulkheads ( edit ) Mark Thompson , a merchant seaman and author of numerous books on Great Lakes shipping , stated that if her cargo holds had watertight subdivisions , `` the Fitzgerald could have made it into Whitefish Bay . '' Frederick Stonehouse also held that the lack of watertight bulkheads caused Fitzgerald to sink . He said : The Great Lakes ore carrier is the most commercially efficient vessel in the shipping trade today . But it 's nothing but a motorized barge ! It 's the unsafest commercial vessel afloat . It has virtually no watertight integrity . Theoretically , a one - inch puncture in the cargo hold will sink it . Stonehouse called on ship designers and builders to design lake carriers more like ships rather than `` motorized super-barges '' making the following comparison : Contrast this ( the Fitzgerald ) with the story of the SS Maumee , an oceangoing tanker that struck an iceberg near the South Pole recently . The collision tore a hole in the ship 's bow large enough to drive a truck through , but the Maumee was able to travel halfway around the world to a repair yard , without difficulty , because she was fitted with watertight bulkheads . After Fitzgerald foundered , Great Lakes shipping companies were accused of valuing cargo payloads more than human life , since the vessel 's cargo hold of 860,950 cubic feet ( 24,379 m ) had been divided by two non-watertight traverse `` screen '' bulkheads . The NTSB Fitzgerald investigation concluded that Great Lakes freighters should be constructed with watertight bulkheads in their cargo holds . The USCG had proposed rules for watertight bulkheads in Great Lakes vessels as early as the sinking of Daniel J. Morrell in 1966 and did so again after the sinking of Fitzgerald , arguing that this would allow ships to make it to refuge or at least allow crew members to abandon ship in an orderly fashion . The LCA represented the Great Lakes fleet owners and was able to forestall watertight subdivision regulations by arguing that this would cause economic hardship for vessel operators . A few vessel operators have built Great Lakes ships with watertight subdivisions in the cargo holds since 1975 , but most vessels operating on the lakes can not prevent flooding of the entire cargo hold area . Lack of instrumentation ( edit ) A fathometer was not required under USCG regulations , and Fitzgerald lacked one , even though fathometers were available at the time of her sinking . Instead , a hand line was the only method Fitzgerald had to take depth soundings . The hand line consisted of a piece of line knotted at measured intervals with a lead weight on the end . The line was thrown over the bow of the ship and the count of the knots measured the water depth . The NTSB investigation concluded that a fathometer would have provided Fitzgerald additional navigational data and made her less dependent on Anderson for navigational assistance . Fitzgerald had no system to monitor the presence or amount of water in her cargo hold , even though there was always some present . The intensity of the November 10 storm would have made it difficult , if not impossible , to access the hatches from the spar deck . The USCG Marine Board found that flooding of the hold could not have been assessed until the water reached the top of the taconite cargo . The NTSB investigation concluded that it would have been impossible to pump water from the hold when it was filled with bulk cargo . The Marine Board noted that because Fitzgerald lacked a draft - reading system , the crew had no way to determine whether the vessel had lost freeboard ( the level of a ship 's deck above the water ) . Increased load lines , reduced freeboard ( edit ) The USCG increased Fitzgerald 's load line in 1969 , 1971 , and 1973 to allow 3 feet 3.25 inches ( 997 mm ) less minimum freeboard than Fitzgerald 's original design allowed in 1958 . This meant that Fitzgerald 's deck was only 11.5 feet ( 3.5 m ) above the water when she faced 35 - foot ( 11 m ) waves during the November 10 storm . Captain Paquette of Sykes noted that this change allowed loading to 4,000 tons more than what Fitz was designed to carry . Concerns regarding Fitzgerald 's keel - welding problem surfaced during the time the USCG started increasing her load line . This increase and the resultant reduction in freeboard decreased the vessel 's critical reserve buoyancy . Prior to the load - line increases she was said to be a `` good riding ship '' but afterwards Fitzgerald became a sluggish ship with slower response and recovery times . Captain McSorley said he did not like the action of a ship he described as a `` wiggling thing '' that scared him . Fitzgerald 's bow hooked to one side or the other in heavy seas without recovering and made a groaning sound not heard on other ships . Maintenance ( edit ) NTSB investigators noted that Fitzgerald 's prior groundings could have caused undetected damage that led to major structural failure during the storm , since Great Lakes vessels were normally drydocked for inspection only once every five years . It was also alleged that when compared to Fitzgerald 's previous captain , McSorley did not keep up with routine maintenance and did not confront the mates about getting the requisite work done . After August B. Herbel , Jr. , president of the American Society for Testing and Materials , examined photographs of the welds on Fitzgerald , he stated , `` the hull was just being held together with patching plates . '' Other questions were raised as to why the USCG did not discover and take corrective action in its pre-November 1975 inspection of Fitzgerald given that her hatch coamings , gaskets , and clamps were poorly maintained . Complacency ( edit ) On the fateful evening of November 10 , 1975 , McSorley reported he had never seen bigger seas in his life . Paquette , master of Wilfred Sykes , out in the same storm , said , `` I 'll tell anyone that it was a monster sea washing solid water over the deck of every vessel out there . '' The USCG did not broadcast that all ships should seek safe anchorage until after 3 : 35 p.m. on November 10 , many hours after the weather was upgraded from a gale to a storm . McSorley was known as a `` heavy weather captain '' who `` ' beat hell ' out of the Fitzgerald and ' very seldom ever hauled up for weather ' '' . Paquette held the opinion that negligence caused Fitzgerald to founder . He said , `` in my opinion , all the subsequent events arose because ( McSorley ) kept pushing that ship and did n't have enough training in weather forecasting to use common sense and pick a route out of the worst of the wind and seas . '' Paquette 's vessel was the first to reach a discharge port after the November 10 storm ; she was met by company attorneys who came aboard Sykes . He told them that Fitzgerald 's foundering was caused by negligence . Paquette was never asked to testify during the USCG or NTSB investigations . The NTSB investigation noted that Great Lakes cargo vessels could normally avoid severe storms , and called for the establishment of a limiting sea state applicable to Great Lakes bulk cargo vessels . This would restrict the operation of vessels in sea states above the limiting value . One concern was that shipping companies pressured the captains to deliver cargo as quickly and cheaply as possible regardless of bad weather . At the time of Fitzgerald 's foundering , there was no evidence that any governmental regulatory agency tried to control vessel movement in foul weather despite the historical record that hundreds of Great Lakes vessels had been wrecked in storms . The USCG took the position that only the captain could decide when it was safe to sail . The USCG Marine Board issued the following conclusion : The nature of Great Lakes shipping , with short voyages , much of the time in very protected waters , frequently with the same routine from trip to trip , leads to complacency and an overly optimistic attitude concerning the extreme weather conditions that can and do exist . The Marine Board feels that this attitude reflects itself at times in deferral of maintenance and repairs , in failure to prepare properly for heavy weather , and in the conviction that since refuges are near , safety is possible by `` running for it . '' While it is true that sailing conditions are good during the summer season , changes can occur abruptly , with severe storms and extreme weather and sea conditions arising rapidly . This tragic accident points out the need for all persons involved in Great Lakes shipping to foster increased awareness of the hazards which exist . Mark Thompson countered that `` the Coast Guard laid bare ( its ) own complacency '' by blaming the sinking of Fitzgerald on industry - wide complacency since it had inspected Fitzgerald just two weeks before she sank . The loss of Fitzgerald also exposed the USCG 's lack of rescue capability on Lake Superior . Thompson said that ongoing budget cuts had limited the USCG 's ability to perform its historical functions . He further noted that USCG rescue vessels were unlikely to reach the scene of an incident on Lake Superior or Lake Huron within 6 to 12 hours of its occurrence . Legal settlement ( edit ) Under maritime law , ships fall under the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts of their flag country . As Fitzgerald was sailing under the U.S. flag , even though she sank in foreign ( Canadian ) waters , she was subject to U.S. admiralty law . With a value of $24 million , Fitzgerald 's financial loss was the greatest in Great Lakes sailing history . In addition to the crew , 26,116 long tons ( 29,250 short tons ; 26,535 t ) of taconite sank along with the vessel . Two widows of crewmen filed a $1.5 million lawsuit against Fitzgerald 's owners , Northwestern Mutual , and its operators , Oglebay Norton Corporation , one week after she sank . An additional $2.1 million lawsuit was later filed . Oglebay Norton subsequently filed a petition in the U.S. District Court seeking to `` limit their liability to $817,920 in connection with other suits filed by families of crew members . '' The company paid compensation to surviving families about 12 months in advance of official findings of the probable cause and on condition of imposed confidentiality agreements . Robert Hemming , a reporter and newspaper editor , reasoned in his book about Fitzgerald that the USCG 's conclusions `` were benign in placing blame on ( n ) either the company or the captain ... ( and ) saved the Oglebay Norton from very expensive lawsuits by the families of the lost crew . '' Subsequent changes to Great Lakes shipping practice ( edit ) The USCG investigation of the Fitzgerald sinking resulted in 15 recommendations regarding load lines , weathertight integrity , search and rescue capability , lifesaving equipment , crew training , loading manuals , and providing information to masters of Great Lakes vessels . NTSB 's investigation resulted in 19 recommendations for the USCG , four recommendations for the American Bureau of Shipping , and two recommendations for NOAA . Of the official recommendations , the following actions and USCG regulations were put in place : 1 . In 1977 , the USCG made it a requirement that all vessels of 1,600 gross register tons and over use depth finders . 2 . Since 1980 , survival suits have been required aboard ship in each crew member 's quarters and at their customary work station with strobe lights affixed to life jackets and survival suits . 3 . A LORAN - C positioning system for navigation on the Great Lakes was implemented in 1980 and later replaced with Global Positioning System ( GPS ) in the 1990s . 4 . Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons ( EPIRB ) are installed on all Great Lakes vessels for immediate and accurate location in event of a disaster . 5 . Navigational charts for northeastern Lake Superior were improved for accuracy and greater detail . 6 . NOAA revised its method for predicting wave heights . 7 . The USCG rescinded the 1973 Load Line Regulation amendment that permitted reduced freeboard loadings . 8 . The USCG began the annual pre-November inspection program recommended by the NTSB . `` Coast Guard inspectors now board all U.S. ships during the fall to inspect hatch and vent closures and lifesaving equipment . '' Karl Bohnak , an Upper Peninsula meteorologist , covered the sinking and storm in a book on local weather history . In this book , Joe Warren , a deckhand on Anderson during the November 10 , 1975 , storm , said that the storm changed the way things were done . He stated , `` After that , trust me , when a gale came up we dropped the hook ( anchor ) . We dropped the hook because they found out the big ones could sink . '' Mark Thompson wrote , `` Since the loss of the Fitz , some captains may be more prone to go to anchor , rather than venturing out in a severe storm , but there are still too many who like to portray themselves as ' heavy weather sailors . ' '' Memorials ( edit ) The bell from Fitzgerald on display at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum Fitzgerald bow anchor on display at the Dossin Great Lakes Museum The day after the wreck , Mariners ' Church in Detroit rang its bell 29 times ; once for each life lost . The church continued to hold an annual memorial , reading the names of the crewmen and ringing the church bell , until 2006 when the church broadened its memorial ceremony to commemorate all lives lost on the Great Lakes . The ship 's bell was recovered from the wreck on July 4 , 1995 . A replica engraved with the names of the 29 sailors who lost their lives replaced the original on the wreck . A legal document signed by 46 relatives of the deceased , officials of the Mariners ' Church of Detroit and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historic Society ( GLSHS ) `` donated the custodian and conservatorship '' of the bell to the GLSHS `` to be incorporated in a permanent memorial at Whitefish Point , Michigan , to honor the memory of the 29 men of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald . '' The terms of the legal agreement made the GLSHS responsible for maintaining the bell , and forbade it from selling or moving the bell or using it for commercial purposes . It provided for transferring the bell to the Mariners ' Church of Detroit if the terms were violated . An uproar occurred in 1995 when a maintenance worker in St. Ignace , Michigan , refurbished the bell by stripping the protective coating applied by Michigan State University experts . The controversy continued when the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum tried to use the bell as a touring exhibit in 1996 . Relatives of the crew halted this move , objecting that the bell was being used as a `` traveling trophy . '' The bell is now on display in the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum in Whitefish Point near Paradise , Michigan . An anchor from Fitzgerald lost on an earlier trip was recovered from the Detroit River and is on display at the Dossin Great Lakes Museum in Detroit , Michigan . The Dossin Great Lakes Museum also hosts a Lost Mariners Remembrance event each year on the evening of November 10 . Artifacts on display in the Steamship Valley Camp museum in Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan , include two lifeboats , photos , a movie of Fitzgerald and commemorative models and paintings . Every November 10 , the Split Rock Lighthouse in Silver Bay , Minnesota emits a light in honor of Edmund Fitzgerald . On August 8 , 2007 , along a remote shore of Lake Superior on the Keweenaw Peninsula , a Michigan family discovered a lone life - saving ring that appeared to have come from Fitzgerald . It bore markings different from those of rings found at the wreck site , and was thought to be a hoax . Later it was determined that the life ring was not from Fitzgerald , but had been lost by the owner , whose father had made it as a personal memorial . The Royal Canadian Mint commemorated the Fitzgerald in 2015 with a colored silver collector coin , with a face value of $20 . Musical and Theater tributes ( edit ) In 1976 , Ontario singer - songwriter Gordon Lightfoot wrote , composed , and recorded the song `` The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' for his album Summertime Dream . On NPR 's Saturday Morning Edition on February 14 , 2015 , Gordon Lightfoot said he was inspired to write the song when he saw the name misspelled `` Edmond '' in Newsweek magazine two weeks after the sinking ; Lightfoot said he felt that it dishonored the memory of the 29 who died . Lightfoot 's popular ballad made the sinking of Fitzgerald one of the better - known disasters in the history of Great Lakes shipping . The original lyrics of the song show a degree of artistic license compared to the events of the actual sinking : it states the destination as Cleveland instead of Detroit and , in light of new evidence about what happened , Lightfoot has modified one line for live performances , changing `` When suppertime came the old cook came on deck / Saying ' Fellas , it 's too rough to feed ya . ' / At 7 p.m. a main hatchway caved in / He said , ' Fellas , it 's been good to know ya . '' to `` When suppertime came the old cook came on deck / Saying ' Fellows it 's too rough to feed ya . ' / At 7 p.m. it grew dark , it was then / He said , ' Fellas , it 's been good to know ya . ' '' The song has been covered by many performers . The Toronto rock band Rheostatics recorded it for their second album , Melville , and their live album Double Live . The Dandy Warhols also covered the song in their The Black Album in 2004 . In 1986 , writer Steven Dietz and songwriter / lyricist Eric Peltoniemi wrote the musical Ten November in memory of Fitzgerald 's sinking . In 2005 , the play was re-edited into a concert version called The Gales of November , which opened on the 30th anniversary of the sinking at the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul , Minnesota . Shelley Russell , a professor of theater at Northern Michigan University , wrote a play called Holdin ' Our Own ; the play was performed at the university in 2000 . A piano concerto titled `` The Edmund Fitzgerald '' was composed by American composer Geoffrey Peterson in 2002 ; it premiered by the Sault Symphony Orchestra in Sault Ste . Marie , Ontario , in November 2005 as another 30th anniversary commemoration . Commercialization ( edit ) The fame of Fitzgerald 's image and story have made it public domain and subject to commercialization . A `` cottage industry '' has evolved across the Great Lakes region from Two Harbors , Minnesota , to Whitefish Point , the incident 's `` ground zero '' . Memorabilia on sale include Christmas ornaments , T - shirts , coffee mugs , Edmund Fitzgerald beer , videos , and other items commemorating the vessel and its loss . See also ( edit ) Michigan portal Nautical portal Ontario portal Weather portal 1970s portal List of maritime disasters List of shipwrecks in the Great Lakes List of storms on the Great Lakes MV Derbyshire , a British bulk carrier lost in 1980 under similar circumstances Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 3 . ^ Jump up to : BGSU 2010 . ^ Jump up to : USCG 1977 , p. 2 . ^ Jump up to : Devendorf 1996 , p. 151 . ^ Jump up to : Thompson 1994 , p. 164 . ^ Jump up to : Kantar 1998 , p. 9 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 30 : On the Great Lakes , freighter ships are traditionally called boats , derived from steamboats . '' ^ Jump up to : Schumacher 2005 , p. 14 . Jump up ^ MacInnis 1998 , p. 20 . ^ Jump up to : Thompson 1994 , p. 165 . Jump up ^ Jenish 2009 , p. 31 . ^ Jump up to : MacInnis 1998 , p. 21 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1994 , p. 170 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 226 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , pp. 9 , 15 -- 16 ... Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , pp. 14 , 20 ... Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 164 . ^ Jump up to : Schumacher 2005 , pp. 16 -- 17 . Jump up ^ Zielinski 2005 , p. 112 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , pp. 15 -- 16 . Jump up ^ Andra - Warner 2006 , p. 21 . Jump up ^ `` J. Burton Ayers '' 1961 , p. 112 . Jump up ^ Kantar 1998 , p. 6 . ^ Jump up to : Schumacher 2005 , pp. 9 -- 10 . Jump up ^ Edwards 2000 , p. 5 . ^ Jump up to : Kantar 1998 , p. 43 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 28 . Jump up ^ MacInnis 1998 , p. 30 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , pp. 13 -- 14 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 85 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 218 . ^ Jump up to : Lawrence 2010 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 4 . ^ Jump up to : USCG 1977 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 10 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 14 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : USCG 1977 , p. 20 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 19 . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , p. 5 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , pp. 24 -- 25 . ^ Jump up to : USCG 1977 , p. 26 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 6 . ^ Jump up to : USCG 1977 , p. 27 . Jump up ^ Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 219 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 84 . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , p. 6 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 106 . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , p. 11 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 28 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Hemming 1981 , p. 193 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 30 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 34 . ^ Jump up to : Schumacher 2005 , p. 83 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 36 . Jump up ^ Hemming 1981 , p. 195 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 221 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 97 . Jump up ^ Nolan 2000 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 190 . Jump up ^ Swayze 1992 , p. 87 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 18 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 58 . Jump up ^ Hemming 1981 , pp. 211 -- 213 . Jump up ^ Hudson 2005 , p. 3 . Jump up ^ Nuytten 2005 , p. 37 . Jump up ^ Vrana & Schwartz 1989 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Nuytten 2005 , p. 39 . ^ Jump up to : Stonehouse 2006 , p. 217 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 209 . Jump up ^ MacInnis 1998 , p. 100 . Jump up ^ MacInnis 1998 , p. 98 . Jump up ^ McCosh 1996 , p. 94 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 86 . Jump up ^ Shannon 2010 , p. 91 . Jump up ^ Shannon 2009 , p. 52 . Jump up ^ Shannon 1995 , p. 24 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 326 . Jump up ^ Wozniak 1994 , p . A9 . ^ Jump up to : Stonehouse 2006 , p. 222 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 224 . Jump up ^ `` The Bell Recovery '' . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2012 . Retrieved April 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Farnquist 1996 , pp. 40 , 47 . Jump up ^ Fallstrom 1995 . Jump up ^ Ontario Heritage Act 1990 , § 48 ( 1 ) . Jump up ^ Bellerose 2005 . Jump up ^ Ontario Heritage Amendment Act 2005 , § 35 . Jump up ^ Pollack 2005 . Jump up ^ Ontario Heritage Amendment Act 2005 , § 44 . Jump up ^ Blake 2006 . Jump up ^ Marine Archaeological Sites 2006 , § 1 ( 2 ) . Jump up ^ Good Government Act 2005 , Sched. 11 § 6 ( 15 ) . Jump up ^ Hultquist , Dutter & Schwab 2006 , pp. 607 -- 608 . Jump up ^ Hultquist , Dutter & Schwab 2006 , p. 611 . Jump up ^ Hultquist , Dutter & Schwab 2006 , p. 616 . ^ Jump up to : Hultquist , Dutter & Schwab 2006 , p. 620 . Jump up ^ Hultquist , Dutter & Schwab 2006 , p. 617 . ^ Jump up to : Johnson 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , pp. 226 -- 227 . ^ Jump up to : Thompson 2000 , p. 324 . Jump up ^ Fletcher & Fletcher 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 223 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 94 . Jump up ^ Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 222 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 12 . Jump up ^ Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 227 - 28 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 83 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 12 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 181 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 14 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 224 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 190 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 9 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , pp. 8 -- 9 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 83 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 239 . Jump up ^ Woodford 1994 , p. 121 . Jump up ^ Kight 1975 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , pp. 240 -- 241 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 84 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 227 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 90 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 228 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 93 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 48 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 16 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 66 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 37 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 45 . Jump up ^ Charles , Furness & Crane 1997 , p. 258 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , pp. 71 , 134 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 325 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. xii . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , pp. 21 , 23 . Jump up ^ Bohnak 2007 , p. 316 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , pp. 85 -- 86 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , pp. 86 -- 87 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 167 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 105 -- 106 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 124 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 117 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , pp. 104 -- 105 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 25 . Jump up ^ 46 CFR 2010 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 168 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 9 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 102 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 134 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , pp. 17 , 23 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 135 . Jump up ^ NTSB 1978 , p. 8 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 137 . ^ Jump up to : Thompson 2000 , p. 349 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 108 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , pp. 22 , 76 . Jump up ^ Bishop 2000 , p. 76 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop 2000 , p. 30 . ^ Jump up to : NTSB 1978 , pp. 24 -- 27 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 333 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 315 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Thompson 2000 , p. 369 . Jump up ^ Beisenherz 2010 . Jump up ^ Wolff & Holden 1990 , pp. 217 -- 218 . Jump up ^ Ratigan 1977 , pp. 345 -- 346 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , pp. 16 , 26 , 144 -- 145 . Jump up ^ Hemming 1981 , p. 226 . Jump up ^ USCG 1977 , pp. 105 -- 108 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 182 . ^ Jump up to : Thompson 2000 , p. 329 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 187 . ^ Jump up to : Wolff & Holden 1990 , p. 229 . Jump up ^ Ramsey 2009 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 169 . Jump up ^ Bohnak 2007 , p. 318 . Jump up ^ Thompson 1991 , p. 170 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 95 . Jump up ^ `` Detroit Church '' 2006 . Jump up ^ Bulanda 2010 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 167 . ^ Jump up to : Schumacher 2005 , p. 171 . Jump up ^ Poulson 1996 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 172 . Jump up ^ Walsh - Sarnecki 2005 . ^ Jump up to : Detroit Historical Society 2011 . Jump up ^ Karoub 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Fitzgerald Relic '' 2007 . Jump up ^ Alexander 2015 . Jump up ^ Simon 2015 . Jump up ^ Stevenson 2010 . Jump up ^ Quill 2010 . Jump up ^ `` They 've got '' 2005 . Jump up ^ `` Minnesota Public Radio '' 2005 . Jump up ^ Aamot 2005 . Jump up ^ Evans 2000 . Jump up ^ Sault Symphony Orchestra 2005 . Jump up ^ Schumacher 2005 , p. 173 . Jump up ^ Stonehouse 2006 , p. 205 . Jump up ^ Donnelly 2000 . Jump up ^ Dybas 2000 . References ( edit ) 46 C.F.R. 179 Subpart B § 212 . Retrieved May 7 , 2011 . Aamot , Gregg ( November 6 , 2005 ) . `` I Can Feel the ' Storm ' : Memories Still Vivid on 30th Anniversary of the Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Associated Press . p . B8 . Alexander , Michael ( October 20 , 2015 ) . `` Lost Ships in Canadian Waters Silver Coin Series Continues with SS Edmund Fitzgerald Saga '' . Coin Update . Retrieved October 30 , 2015 . Andra - Warner , Elle ( 2006 ) . Edmund Fitzgerald : The Legendary Great Lakes Shipwreck . Grand Marais , Minnesota : North Shore Press . ISBN 0 - 9740207 - 3 - 7 . Beisenherz , Nona . `` Admiralty and Maritime Law Research Guide '' . International and Foreign Law Research Guides . Loyola University New Orleans Law Library . Archived from the original on June 15 , 2010 . Retrieved December 25 , 2010 . Bellerose , Dan ( March 15 , 2005 ) . `` Group Claims Illegal Dive Made to Edmund Fitzgerald Site '' . Sault Star . Sault Ste . Marie , Ontario . pp. A1 -- A2 . Bishop , Hugh ( 2000 ) . The Night the Fitz Went Down . Duluth , Minnesota : Lake Superior Port Cities . ISBN 0 - 942235 - 37 - 1 . Blake , Erica ( February 8 , 2006 ) . `` Fitzgerald Wreck Site Gets Added Protection '' . The Blade . Toledo , Ohio . Archived from the original on February 24 , 2006 . Retrieved March 6 , 2011 . Bohnak , Karl ( 2007 ) ( 2006 ) . So Cold a Sky : Upper Michigan Weather Stories . Dexter , Michigan : Thomson - Shore . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9778189 - 0 - 7 . Bowling Green State University ( BGSU ) . `` Historical Collections of the Great Lakes : Great Lakes Vessels Online Index '' . Bowling Green , Ohio : BGSU . Retrieved November 7 , 2010 . Bulanda , George ( November 2010 ) . `` Great Mariner 's Church Remembers Fitzgerald on 35th Anniversary of Sinking '' . Hour Detroit . ISSN 1098 - 9684 . Retrieved November 8 , 2010 . Charles , J.A. ; Furness , M.A. ; Crane , F.A.A. ( 1997 ) . Selection and Use of Engineering Materials ( 3rd ed . ) . Maryland Heights , Missouri : Butterworth - Heinemann . ISBN 0 - 7506 - 3277 - 1 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . `` Detroit Church Broadens Its Scope Marking Fitzgerald Anniversary '' . USA Today . Associated Press . November 13 , 2006 . Retrieved January 18 , 2011 . Detroit Historical Society ( 2011 ) . `` Exhibitions at Dossin Great Lakes Museum '' . Detroit Historical Society . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2012 . Retrieved March 3 , 2011 . Devendorf , John F. ( 1996 ) . Great Lakes Bulk Carriers 1869 -- 1985 . Thunder Bay Press . ISBN 1 - 889043 - 03 - 6 . Retrieved February 2 , 2011 . Donnelly , Francis X . ( October 29 , 2000 ) . `` Fitzgerald Memories for Sale '' . The Detroit News . pp. 1A , 8A . Dybas , Cheryl Lyn ( November 2000 ) . `` For sale : soul of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . Traverse : Northern Michigan 's Magazine . Traverse City , Michigan : Prisms Publications . 20 ( 11 ) : 84 -- 86 . ISSN 0746 - 2735 . Edwards , Jack ( 2000 ) . Big Fitz . Chicago , Illinois : Wayne Rigby Literacy . ISBN 0 - 7635 - 6807 - 4 . Retrieved March 16 , 2011 . Evans , Kristi ( November 7 , 2000 ) . `` Edmund Fitzgerald Tragedy Inspires Theater Production '' ( Press release ) . Marquette : Northern Michigan University . Retrieved May 22 , 2015 -- via Newswire . Fallstrom , Jerry ( September 10 , 1995 ) . `` Orlando , Chicago divers first to touch the wreck of the Fitzgerald '' . Orlando Sentinel . Retrieved November 5 , 2010 . Farnquist , Thomas L. ( January 1996 ) . `` Requiem for the Edmund Fitzgerald : High - Tech Dives in Lake Superior Retrieve a Ship 's Bell -- and Memories of a Lost Crew '' . National Geographic . Washington , DC : National Geographic Society . 189 ( 1 ) : 36 -- 47 . ISSN 0027 - 9358 . `` Fitzgerald Relic Just a Replica '' . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Associated Press . August 21 , 2007 . p. 4A . Retrieved March 28 , 2011 . Fletcher , Mike ; Fletcher , Warren ( April 3 , 2010 ) . `` Rogue Wave / Edmund Fitzgerald '' . Dive Detectives . Smithsonian Channel . Retrieved October 9 , 2012 . Good Government Act , S.O. 2009 , c. 33 . May 7 , 2011 . Hemming , Robert J. ( 1981 ) . The Gales of November : The Sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald . Charlotte , North Carolina : Baker and Taylor . for Thunder Bay Press . ISBN 1 - 882376 - 33 - 1 . Hudson , Cy ( July -- August 2005 ) . `` Cousteau 's Calypso Goes Into Retirement '' ( PDF ) . The Lightship . Marysville , Michigan : Lake Huron Lore Marine Society . 26 ( 4 ) : 3 -- 4 . OCLC 12318717 . Retrieved November 4 , 2010 . Hultquist , T.R. ; Dutter , M.R. ; Schwab , D.J. ( May 2006 ) . `` Reexamination of the 9 -- 10 November 1975 Edmund Fitzgerald Storm Using Today 's Technology '' ( PDF ) . Bulletin of American Meteorological Society . Easton , Pennsylvania : American Meteorological Society . 87 ( 5 ) : 607 -- 622 . Bibcode : 2006BAMS ... 87 ... 607H . ISSN 0003 - 0007 . doi : 10.1175 / BAMS - 87 - 5 - 607 . Retrieved December 26 , 2010 . `` J. Burton Ayers ( Propeller ) '' . Telescope . Great Lakes Maritime Institute : 112 . June 1961 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . Jenish , D'arcy ( 2009 ) . The St. Lawrence Seaway : Fifty Years and Counting . Manotick , Ontario : Penumbra Press . p. 31 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 897323 - 75 - 5 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . Johnson , Mark ( November 10 , 2010 ) . `` The Witch of November : What Sank the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . Cleveland , Ohio : WEWS - TV . Archived from the original on March 28 , 2011 . Retrieved December 26 , 2010 . Kantar , Andrew ( 1998 ) . 29 Missing : The True and Tragic Story of the Disappearance of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald . East Lansing , Michigan : Michigan State University Press . ISBN 0 - 87013 - 446 - 9 . Karoub , Jeff ( August 9 , 2007 ) . `` Life Ring May Be from the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . USA Today . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . Kight , Pat ( November 11 , 1975 ) . `` Eastern U.P. Battered '' . The Evening News . Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan . p . D8 . Lawrence , Eric ( November 7 , 2010 ) . `` Ghostly Views of the Edmund Fitzgerald Shipwreck '' . Detroit Free Press . pp. 1A , 8A . MacInnis , Joseph ( 1998 ) . Fitzgerald 's Storm : The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald . Charlotte , North Carolina : Baker and Taylor for Thunder Bay Press . ISBN 1 - 882376 - 53 - 6 . Marine Archaeological Sites , 11 / 06 McCosh , Cy ( June 1996 ) . `` Secrets of the Lakes '' . Popular Science . 248 ( 6 ) : 92 -- 96 . ISSN 0161 - 7370 . Retrieved November 3 , 2010 . `` Minnesota Public Radio Presents '' . Minnesota Public Radio . November 26 , 2005 . Retrieved March 15 , 2011 . National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) ( May 4 , 1978 ) . `` Marine Accident Report : SS Edmund Fitzgerald Sinking in Lake Superior on November 10 , 1975 '' ( PDF ) . NTSB . Retrieved November 9 , 2010 . Nolan , Jenny ( September 21 , 2000 ) . `` The fateful voyage of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . The Detroit News . Retrieved May 22 , 2017 . Nuytten , Phil ( December 2005 ) . `` 30th anniversary , `` The Legend Lives On ... '' : Diving the Edmund Fitzgerald '' ( PDF ) . Diver Magazine . North Vancouver , British Columbia : Seagraphic Publications . pp. 35 -- 41 . ISSN 0706 - 5132 . OCLC 423800816 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 10 , 2011 . Retrieved November 10 , 2011 . Ontario Heritage Act , R.S.O. 1990 , c . O. 18 , as amended by S.O. 2005 , c. 6 , s . 35 and S.O. 2009 , c. 33 , Sched. 11 , s . 6 , ss. 15 Ontario Heritage Amendment Act , S.O. 2005 , c. 6 Pollack , Susan R. ( November 4 , 2005 ) . `` The Legend Lives On : 30 Years Later , Great Lakes Tragedy Still Fascinates '' . The Detroit News . p . A1 . Poulson , David ( March 17 , 1996 ) . `` No Peace for Bell 's Dead : Debate Rages as to Whether it 's Edmund Fitzgerald Artifact or a Tourist Attraction '' . The Grand Rapids Press . pp. C3 , C6 . Quill , Greg ( March 25 , 2010 ) . `` Gordon Lightfoot Changes ' Edmund Fitzgerald ' Lyrics '' . Toronto Star . Retrieved March 28 , 2011 . Ramsey , Raymond . ( 2009 ) . SS Edmund Fitzgerald : Requiem for the Toledo Express . Houghton , Michigan : Keweenaw Productions . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9826158 - 3 - 6 . Ratigan , William ( 1977 ) . Great Lakes Shipwrecks and Survivals . Grand Rapids , Michigan : Wm . B. Eerdmans Publishing Company . ISBN 0 - 8028 - 7010 - 4 . Retrieved February 25 , 2011 . Sault Symphony Orchestra ( September 15 , 2005 ) . `` Edmund Fitzgerald Piano Concerto to Commemorate 30th Anniversary of Famous Shipwreck '' ( PDF ) ( Press release ) . Sault Symphony Orchestra . Retrieved March 15 , 2011 . Schumacher , Michael ( 2005 ) . Mighty Fitz : The Sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald . New York and London : Bloomsbury Publishing . ISBN 1 - 58234 - 647 - X . Shannon , Frederick ( November -- December 1995 ) . `` Does Expedition ' 94 to the Edmund Fitzgerald Solve the Mystery of the Greatest Inland Wreck in the World ? '' . Michigan Natural Resources . Lansing , Michigan : Michigan Department of Natural Resources . 65 ( 6 ) : 22 -- 26 . ISSN 0275 - 8180 . Simon , Scott ( February 14 , 2015 ) . `` 50 Years of Music with Gordon Lightfoot '' . Weekend Edition Saturday . NPR . Retrieved February 14 , 2015 . -- -- ( November 2009 ) . `` The 34th Anniversary of the Sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' . The Great Lakes Pilot . Grand Marais , Michigan : Great Lakes Pilot Publishing . 6 ( 9 ) . OCLC 662452564 . -- -- ( November 2010 ) . `` 35th Anniversary Proves Enduring Edmund Fitzgerald Mystery '' . The Great Lakes Pilot . Grand Marais , Michigan : Great Lakes Pilot Publishing . 7 ( 5 ) : 91 . OCLC 662452564 . Stevenson , Jane ( March 26 , 2010 ) . `` Lightfoot Changes ' Edmund Fitzgerald ' Lyric '' . Toronto Sun . QMI Agency . Retrieved March 28 , 2011 . Stonehouse , Frederick ( 2006 ) ( 1977 ) . The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald ( 6th ed . ) . Gwinn , Michigan : Avery Color Studios . ISBN 1 - 892384 - 33 - 7 . Swayze , David ( 1992 ) . Shipwreck ! A Comprehensive Directory of Over 3,700 Shipwrecks on the Great Lakes . Boyne City , Michigan : Harbor House Publishers . ISBN 0 - 937360 - 12 - 0 . `` They 've Got Lightfoot Covered '' . Toronto Star . May 5 , 2005 . p . C5 . Thompson , Mark L. ( 1991 ) . Steamboats & Sailors of the Great Lakes . Detroit : Wayne State University Press . ISBN 0 - 8143 - 2359 - 6 . Retrieved November 18 , 2012 . -- -- ( 1994 ) . Queen of the Lakes . Detroit : Wayne State University Press . ISBN 0 - 8143 - 2393 - 6 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . -- -- ( 2000 ) . Graveyard of the Lakes . Detroit : Wayne State University Press . ISBN 0 - 8143 - 3226 - 9 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . United States Coast Guard ( USCG ) ( July 26 , 1977 ) . `` Marine Board Casualty Report : SS Edmund Fitzgerald ; Sinking in Lake Superior on 10 November 1975 With Loss of Life '' . USCG . Retrieved April 16 , 2009 . Vrana , Kenneth J. ; Schwartz , John ( December 1989 ) . `` Instrumented Sled , ROV Join to Provide Enhanced Images of Edmund Fitzgerald '' ( PDF ) . Sea Technology : 17 -- 21 . Retrieved January 10 , 2012 . Walsh - Sarnecki , Peggy ( November 10 , 2005 ) . `` Edmund Fitzgerald Still Haunts Great Lakes Sailors '' . USA Today . Retrieved January 27 , 2011 . Wolff , Julius F. ; Holden , Thom ( 1990 ) . Julius F. Wolff Jr. 's Lake Superior Shipwrecks ( 2nd expanded ed . ) . Duluth , Minnesota : Lake Superior Port Cities . ISBN 0 - 942235 - 01 - 0 . Woodford , Arthur M. ( 1994 ) . Charting the Inland Seas : A History of the U.S. Lake Survey . Detroit : Wayne State University . ISBN 0 - 8143 - 2499 - 1 . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . Wozniak , Maurice D. ( July 28 , 1994 ) . `` Divers Discover Human Remains in Edmund Fitzgerald Wreckage '' . The Milwaukee Journal . p . A9 . Retrieved November 10 , 2015 -- via Google News . Zielinski , Graeme ( November 10 , 2005 ) . `` Shipwreck Overshadowed Fitzgerald 's Legacy '' . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Retrieved February 20 , 2011 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to SS Edmund Fitzgerald . `` 40th anniversary launch of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald '' ( PDF ) . ( 2.4 MB ) from Telescope magazine Image gallery I and Image gallery II of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald from Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary collection Images of the Edmund Fitzgerald from the Minnesota Historical Society The sinking of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald , November 10 , 1975 , from the University of Wisconsin Yesterday 's news , November 10 , 1975 : Edmund Fitzgerald reported missing from the Minneapolis Star Tribune VIAF : 126902077 Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1975 Shipwrecks 5 Jan : Lake Illawarra 20 Jan : Danesh 29 Jan : Jakob Maersk 17 Mar : Red Eagle 4 Apr : MV Spartan Lady 15 Apr : USS Killen 27 Apr : USS Carbonero 11 May : USS Bell 13 Jun : USS Moore 19 Jul : Herma A 20 Aug : USS Mona Island 10 Nov : Edmund Fitzgerald 28 Dec : Kim Hua Li 30 Dec : Berge Istra Unknown date : Aviere , Antonio Maceo Other incidents 9 Jan : Transcontainer I 12 May : Mayaguez 15 May : Mayaguez 22 Aug : ARA Santísima Trinidad 9 Sep : Waage Drill II 22 Oct : NOAAS Miller Freeman 22 Nov : USS Belknap , USS John F. Kennedy 9 Nov : Storozhevoy 1974 1976 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald&oldid=802521053 '' Categories : 1958 ships Freighters Great Lakes ships Lake Superior Maritime incidents in 1975 Merchant ships of the United States Rogue wave incidents Shipwrecks of Lake Superior Ships lost with all hands November 1975 events Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from November 2015 Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Featured articles Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Search Contents About Wikipedia Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本 語 Polski Simple English Suomi 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 26 September 2017 , at 17 : 57 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the wreck of the edmund fitzgerald happen | ["SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there."] | ['November 10, 1975'] | SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Superior storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there. |
[question]: What was the name of the ship that sank in Lake Superior in 1975?
[answer]: The name of the ship that sank in Lake Superior in 1975 was SS Edmund Fitzgerald. | What was the name of the ship that sank in Lake Superior in 1975? | The name of the ship that sank in Lake Superior in 1975 was SS Edmund Fitzgerald. | 1 | 7.492352 | 16 | 54 | 1 |
14,812 | 4,556,020,102,776,446,000 | Real interest rate | Real interest rate - wikipedia Real interest rate Yields on inflation - indexed government bonds of selected countries and maturities . The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor , saver or lender receives ( or expects to receive ) after allowing for inflation . It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation , which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate . If , for example , an investor were able to lock in a 5 % interest rate for the coming year and anticipated a 2 % rise in prices , they would expect to earn a real interest rate of 3 % . The expected real interest rate is not a single number , as different investors have different expectations of future inflation . Since the inflation rate over the course of a loan is not known initially , volatility in inflation represents a risk to both the lender and the borrower . In the case of contracts stated in terms of the nominal interest rate , the real interest rate is known only at the end of the period of the loan , based on the realized inflation rate ; this is called the ex-post real interest rate . Since the introduction of inflation - indexed bonds , ex-ante real interest rates have become observable . Contents 1 Risks 1.1 Fisher equation 1.2 Variations in inflation 2 Importance in economic theory 2.1 Real federal funds rate 3 Negative real interest rates 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Risks ( edit ) In economics and finance , an individual who lends money for repayment at a later point in time expects to be compensated for the time value of money , or not having the use of that money while it is lent . In addition , they will want to be compensated for the risks of having less purchasing power when the loan is repaid . These risks are systematic risks , regulatory risks and inflation risks . The first includes the possibility that the borrower will default or be unable to pay on the originally agreed upon terms , or that collateral backing the loan will prove to be less valuable than estimated . The second includes taxation and changes in the law which would prevent the lender from collecting on a loan or having to pay more in taxes on the amount repaid than originally estimated . The third takes into account that the money repaid may not have as much buying power from the perspective of the lender as the money originally lent , that is inflation , and may include fluctuations in the value of the currencies involved . Nominal interest rates include all three risk factors , plus the time value of the money itself . Real interest rates include only the systematic and regulatory risks and are meant to measure the time value of money . The `` real interest rate '' in an economy is often considered to be the rate of return on a risk free investment , such as US Treasury notes , minus an index of inflation , such as the rate of change of the CPI or GDP deflator . Fisher equation ( edit ) The relation between real and nominal interest rates and the expected inflation rate is given by the Fisher equation 1 + i = ( 1 + r ) ( 1 + π e ) ( \ displaystyle 1 + i = ( 1 + r ) ( 1 + \ pi _ ( e ) ) ) where i = nominal interest rate ; r = real interest rate ; π e ( \ displaystyle \ pi _ ( e ) ) = expected inflation rate . For example , if somebody lends $1000 for a year at 10 % , and receives $1100 back at the end of the year , this represents a 10 % increase in her purchasing power if prices for the average goods and services that she buys are unchanged from what they were at the beginning of the year . However , if the prices of the food , clothing , housing , and other things that she wishes to purchase have increased 25 % over this period , she has in fact suffered a real loss of about 15 % in her purchasing power . ( Notice that the approximation here is a bit rough ; since 1.1 / 1.25 = 0.88 = 1 - 0.12 , the actual loss of purchasing power is exactly 12 % . Variations in inflation ( edit ) The inflation rate will not be known in advance . People often base their expectation of future inflation on an average of inflation rates in the past , but this gives rise to errors . The real interest rate ex-post may turn out to be quite different from the real interest rate ( ex-ante real interest rate ) that was expected in advance . Borrowers hope to repay in cheaper money in the future , while lenders hope to collect on more expensive money . When inflation and currency risks are underestimated by lenders , then they will suffer a net reduction in buying power . The complexity increases for bonds issued for a long term , where the average inflation rate over the term of the loan may be subject to a great deal of uncertainty . In response to this , many governments have issued real return bonds , also known as inflation - indexed bonds , in which the principal value and coupon rises each year with the rate of inflation , with the result that the interest rate on the bond approximates a real interest rate . ( E.g. , the three - month indexation lag of TIPS can result in a divergence of as much as 0.042 % from the real interest rate , according to research by Grishchenko and Huang . ) In the US , Treasury Inflation Protected Securities ( TIPS ) are issued by the US Treasury . The expected real interest rate can vary considerably from year to year . The real interest rate on short term loans is strongly influenced by the monetary policy of central banks . The real interest rate on longer term bonds tends to be more market driven , and in recent decades , with globalized financial markets , the real interest rates in the industrialized countries have become increasingly correlated . Real interest rates have been low by historical standards since 2000 , due to a combination of factors , including relatively weak demand for loans by corporations , plus strong savings in newly industrializing countries in Asia . The latter has offset the large borrowing demands by the US Federal Government , which might otherwise have put more upward pressure on real interest rates . Related is the concept of `` risk return '' , which is the rate of return minus the risks as measured against the safest ( least - risky ) investment available . Thus if a loan is made at 15 % with an inflation rate of 5 % and 10 % in risks associated with default or problems repaying , then the `` risk adjusted '' rate of return on the investment is 0 % . Importance in economic theory ( edit ) Effective federal funds rate and prescriptions from alternate versions of the Taylor Rule The amount of physical investment -- in particular the purchasing of new machines and other productive capacity -- that firms engage in depends on the level of real interest rates , because such purchases typically must be financed by issuing new bonds . If real interest rates are high , the cost of borrowing may exceed the real physical return of some potentially purchased machines ( in the form of output produced ) ; in that case those machines will not be purchased . Lower real interest rates would make it profitable to borrow to finance the purchasing of a greater number of machines . The real interest rate is used in various economic theories to explain such phenomena as the capital flight , business cycle and economic bubbles . When the real rate of interest is high , that is , demand for credit is high , then money will , all other things being equal , move from consumption to savings . Conversely , when the real rate of interest is low , demand will move from savings to investment and consumption . Different economic theories , beginning with the work of Knut Wicksell have had different explanations of the effect of rising and falling real interest rates . Thus , international capital moves to markets that offer higher real rates of interest from markets that offer low or negative real rates of interest triggering speculation in equities , estates and exchange rates . Real Federal funds rate ( edit ) In setting monetary policy , the U.S. Federal Reserve ( and other central banks ) establish an interest rate at which they lend to banks . This is the federal funds rate . By setting this rate low , they can encourage borrowing and thus economic activity ; or the reverse by raising the rate . Like any interest rate , there are a nominal and a real value defined as described above . Further , there is a concept called the `` equilibrium real federal funds rate '' ( r * , or `` r - star '' ) , alternatively called the `` natural rate of interest '' or the `` neutral real rate '' , which is the `` level of the real federal funds rate , if allowed to prevail for several years , ( that ) would place economic activity at its potential and keep inflation low and stable . '' There are various methods used to estimate this amount , using tools such as the Taylor Rule . It is possible for this rate to be negative . Negative real interest rates ( edit ) The real interest rate solved from the Fisher equation is 1 + i 1 + π − 1 = r ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( 1 + i ) ( 1 + \ pi ) ) - 1 = r ) If there is a negative real interest rate , it means that the inflation rate is greater than the nominal interest rate . If the Federal funds rate is 2 % and the inflation rate is 10 % , then the borrower would gain 7.27 % of every dollar borrowed per year . 1 + 0.02 1 + 0.1 − 1 = − 0.0727 ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( 1 + 0.02 ) ( 1 + 0.1 ) ) - 1 = - 0.0727 ) Negative real interest rates are an important factor in government fiscal policy . Since 2010 , the U.S. Treasury has been obtaining negative real interest rates on government debt , meaning the inflation rate is greater than the interest rate paid on the debt . Such low rates , outpaced by the inflation rate , occur when the market believes that there are no alternatives with sufficiently low risk , or when popular institutional investments such as insurance companies , pensions , or bond , money market , and balanced mutual funds are required or choose to invest sufficiently large sums in Treasury securities to hedge against risk . Lawrence Summers stated that at such low rates , government debt borrowing saves taxpayer money , and improves creditworthiness . In the late 1940s through the early 1970s , the US and UK both reduced their debt burden by about 30 % to 40 % of GDP per decade by taking advantage of negative real interest rates , but there is no guarantee that government debt rates will continue to stay so low . Between 1946 and 1974 , the US debt - to - GDP ratio fell from 121 % to 32 % even though there were surpluses in only eight of those years which were much smaller than the deficits . See also ( edit ) Real versus nominal value ( economics ) Inflation Deflation IS -- LM model Macroeconomics Financial repression Natural rate of interest References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Marc Levinson , 2006 , `` Guide to Financial Markets '' , The Economist , page 24 Jump up ^ `` FRB : Speech with Slideshow -- Bernanke , Long - Term Interest Rates -- March 1 , 2013 '' . www.federalreserve.gov . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 07 . Jump up ^ Grishchenko , Olesya V. ; Jing - zhi Huang ( June 2012 ) . `` Inflation Risk Premium : Evidence from the TIPS Market '' ( PDF ) . Finance and Economics Discussion Series . Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D.C . Retrieved 26 May 2013 . Jump up ^ U.S. Federal Reserve - Remarks by Vice Chairman Roger W. Ferguson Jr . October 29 , 2004 Jump up ^ Saint Louis Federal Reserve ( 2012 ) `` 5 - Year Treasury Inflation - Indexed Security , Constant Maturity '' FRED Economic Data chart from government debt auctions ( the x-axis at y = 0 represents the inflation rate over the life of the security ) ^ Jump up to : Carmen M. Reinhart and M. Belen Sbrancia ( March 2011 ) `` The Liquidation of Government Debt '' National Bureau of Economic Research working paper No. 16893 Jump up ^ David Wessel ( August 8 , 2012 ) `` When Interest Rates Turn Upside Down '' Wall Street Journal ( full text Archived 2013 - 01 - 20 at the Wayback Machine . ) Jump up ^ Lawrence Summers ( June 3 , 2012 ) `` Breaking the negative feedback loop '' Reuters Jump up ^ Matthew Yglesias ( May 30 , 2012 ) `` Why Are We Collecting Taxes ? '' Slate Jump up ^ William H. Gross ( May 2 , 2011 ) `` The Caine Mutiny ( Part 2 ) '' PIMCO Investment Outlook Jump up ^ `` Why the U.S. Government Never , Ever Has to Pay Back All Its Debt '' The Atlantic , February 1 , 2013 External links ( edit ) `` Equilibrium Real Interest Rate , '' by Roger Ferguson , 2004 . On the distinction between real return and nominal bonds , by Peter Spiro , 2004 . Real interest rates by country via Quandl Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Real_interest_rate&oldid=844998752 '' Categories : Inflation Interest rates Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Български Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Íslenska Italiano Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Tiếng Việt 9 more Edit links This page was last edited on 8 June 2018 , at 16 : 48 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | nominal interest rate minus the rate of inflation equals | ['The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. \n'] | ['real interest rate'] | The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
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[question]: What is the real interest rate?
[answer]: The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver, or lender receives after allowing for inflation. It is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. | What is the real interest rate? | The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver, or lender receives after allowing for inflation. It is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. | 1 | 7.481257 | 32 | 50 | 1 |
5,939 | -1,225,976,126,733,223,000 | Italian Renaissance painting | Italian Renaissance painting - wikipedia Italian Renaissance painting Jump to : navigation , search Raphael , The Betrothal of the Virgin Giovanni Bellini , The San Zaccaria Altarpiece Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries , occurring in the Italian peninsula , which was at that time divided into many political areas . The painters of Renaissance Italy , although often attached to particular courts and with loyalties to particular towns , nonetheless wandered the length and breadth of Italy , often occupying a diplomatic status and disseminating artistic and philosophical ideas . The city of Florence in Tuscany is renowned as the birthplace of the Renaissance , and in particular of Renaissance painting . A detailed background is given in the companion articles Renaissance and Renaissance architecture . Italian Renaissance painting can be divided into four periods : the Proto - Renaissance ( 1300 -- 1400 ) , the Early Renaissance ( 1400 -- 1475 ) , the High Renaissance ( 1475 -- 1525 ) , and Mannerism ( 1525 -- 1600 ) . These dates are approximations rather than specific points because the lives of individual artists and their personal styles overlapped the different periods . The Proto - Renaissance begins with the professional life of the painter Giotto and includes Taddeo Gaddi , Orcagna and Altichiero . The Early Renaissance was marked by the work of Masaccio , Fra Angelico , Paolo Uccello , Piero della Francesca and Verrocchio . The High Renaissance period was that of Leonardo da Vinci , Michelangelo , Raphael and Titian . The Mannerist period included Andrea del Sarto , Pontormo and Tintoretto . Mannerism is dealt with in a separate article . Contents ( hide ) 1 Influences 1.1 Philosophy 1.2 Science and technology 1.3 Society 2 Themes 3 Proto - Renaissance painting 3.1 Traditions of 13th - century Tuscan painting 3.2 Giotto 3.3 Giotto 's contemporaries 3.4 Mortality and redemption 3.5 International Gothic 4 Early Renaissance painting 4.1 Florence , 1401 4.2 Brancacci Chapel 4.3 Development of linear perspective 4.4 Understanding of light 4.5 The Madonna 5 Early Renaissance painting in other parts of Italy 5.1 Andrea Mantegna in Padua and Mantua 5.2 Cosmè Tura in Ferrara 5.3 Antonello da Messina 6 High Renaissance 6.1 Patronage and Humanism 6.2 Flemish influence 6.3 Papal commission 6.4 Leonardo da Vinci 6.5 Michelangelo 6.6 Raphael 7 High Renaissance painting in Venice 7.1 Giovanni Bellini 7.2 Giorgione and Titian 8 Influence of Italian Renaissance painting 9 See also 10 Notes and references 11 Bibliography 11.1 General 11.2 Painters Influences ( edit ) Masaccio , The Tribute Money for the Brancacci , a fresco cycle that had great influence upon subsequent artists Domenico Ghirlandaio , The Birth of the Virgin Mary , shows the introduction of patron 's families into religious cycles . Main article : Renaissance Main article : Renaissance architecture The influences upon the development of Renaissance painting in Italy are those that also affected Philosophy , Literature , Architecture , Theology , Science , Government and other aspects of society . The following is a summary of points dealt with more fully in the main articles that are cited above . Philosophy ( edit ) A number of Classical texts , that had been lost to Western European scholars for centuries , became available . These included Philosophy , Poetry , Drama , Science , a thesis on the Arts and Early Christian Theology . The resulting interest in Humanist philosophy meant that man 's relationship with humanity , the universe and with God was no longer the exclusive province of the Church . A revived interest in the Classics brought about the first archaeological study of Roman remains by the architect Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello . The revival of a style of architecture based on classical precedents inspired a corresponding classicism in painting , which manifested itself as early as the 1420s in the paintings of Masaccio and Paolo Uccello . Science and technology ( edit ) Simultaneous with gaining access to the Classical texts , Europe gained access to advanced mathematics which had its provenance in the works of Byzantine and Islamic scholars . The advent of movable type printing in the 15th century meant that ideas could be disseminated easily , and an increasing number of books were written for a broad public . The development of oil paint and its introduction to Italy had lasting effects on the art of painting . Society ( edit ) The establishment of the Medici Bank and the subsequent trade it generated brought unprecedented wealth to a single Italian city , Florence . Cosimo de ' Medici set a new standard for patronage of the arts , not associated with the church or monarchy . The serendipitous presence within the region of Florence of certain individuals of artistic genius , most notably Giotto , Masaccio , Brunelleschi , Piero della Francesca , Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo , formed an ethos that supported and encouraged many lesser artists to achieve work of extraordinary quality . A similar heritage of artistic achievement occurred in Venice through the talented Bellini family , their influential inlaw Mantegna , Giorgione , Titian and Tintoretto . Themes ( edit ) See also : Themes in Italian Renaissance painting Paolo Uccello , The Battle of San Romano , demonstrates the preoccupation with the development of linear perspective , in a secular subject Sandro Botticelli , Primavera , showing a Classical allegory for a private patron Much painting of the Renaissance period was commissioned by or for the Catholic Church . These works were often of large scale and were frequently cycles painted in fresco of the Life of Christ , the Life of the Virgin or the life of a saint , particularly St. Francis of Assisi . There were also many allegorical paintings on the theme of Salvation and the role of the Church in attaining it . Churches also commissioned altarpieces , which were painted in tempera on panel and later in oil on canvas . Apart from large altarpieces , small devotional pictures were produced in very large numbers , both for churches and for private individuals , the most common theme being the Madonna and Child . Throughout the period , civic commissions were also important . Local government buildings were decorated with frescoes and other works both secular , such as Ambrogio Lorenzetti 's The Allegory of Good and Bad Government , and religious , such as Simone Martini 's fresco of the Maestà , in the Palazzo Pubblico , Siena . Portraiture was uncommon in the 14th and early 15th centuries , mostly limited to civic commemorative pictures such as the equestrian portraits of Guidoriccio da Fogliano by Simone Martini , 1327 , in Siena and , of the early 15th century , John Hawkwood by Uccello in Florence Cathedral and its companion portraying Niccolò da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno . During the 15th century portraiture became common , initially often formalised profile portraits but increasingly three - quarter face , bust - length portraits . Patrons of art works such as altarpieces and fresco cycles often were included in the scenes , a notable example being the inclusion of the Sassetti and Medici families in Domenico Ghirlandaio 's cycle in the Sassetti Chapel . Portraiture was to become a major subject for High Renaissance painters such as Raphael and Titian and continue into the Mannerist period in works of artists such as Bronzino . With the growth of Humanism , artists turned to Classical themes , particularly to fulfill commissions for the decoration of the homes of wealthy patrons , the best known being Botticelli 's Birth of Venus for the Medici . Increasingly , Classical themes were also seen as providing suitable allegorical material for civic commissions . Humanism also influenced the manner in which religious themes were depicted , notably on Michelangelo 's Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel . Other motifs were drawn from contemporary life , sometimes with allegorical meaning , some sometimes purely decorative . Incidents important to a particular family might be recorded like those in the Camera degli Sposi that Mantegna painted for the Gonzaga family at Mantua . Increasingly , still lifes and decorative scenes from life were painted , such as the Concert by Lorenzo Costa of about 1490 . Important events were often recorded or commemorated in paintings such as Uccello 's Battle of San Romano , as were important local religious festivals . History and historic characters were often depicted in a way that reflected on current events or on the lives of current people . Portraits were often painted of contemporaries in the guise of characters from history or literature . The writings of Dante , Voragine 's Golden Legend and Boccaccio 's Decameron were important sources of themes . In all these subjects , increasingly , and in the works of almost all painters , certain underlying painterly practices were being developed : the observation of nature , the study of anatomy , of light , and perspective . Proto - Renaissance painting ( edit ) Duccio di Buoninsegna : Madonna and Child c. 1280 National Gallery , London , is Byzantine in style . Traditions of 13th - century Tuscan painting ( edit ) The art of the region of Tuscany in the late 13th century was dominated by two masters of the Byzantine style , Cimabue of Florence and Duccio of Siena . Their commissions were mostly religious paintings , several of them being very large altarpieces showing the Madonna and Child . These two painters , with their contemporaries , Guido of Siena , Coppo di Marcovaldo and the mysterious painter upon whose style the school may have been based , the so - called Master of St Bernardino , all worked in a manner that was highly formalised and dependent upon the ancient tradition of icon painting . In these tempera paintings many of the details were rigidly fixed by the subject matter , the precise position of the hands of the Madonna and Christ Child , for example , being dictated by the nature of the blessing that the painting invoked upon the viewer . The angle of the Virgin 's head and shoulders , the folds in her veil , and the lines with which her features were defined had all been repeated in countless such paintings . Cimabue and Duccio took steps in the direction of greater naturalism , as did their contemporary , Pietro Cavallini of Rome . Giotto ( edit ) Giotto : The Lamentation , c. 1305 , Scrovegni Chapel , foreshadows the Renaissance . Giotto , ( 1266 -- 1337 ) , by tradition a shepherd boy from the hills north of Florence , became Cimabue 's apprentice and emerged as the most outstanding painter of his time . Giotto , possibly influenced by Pietro Cavallini and other Roman painters , did not base the figures he painted upon any painterly tradition , but upon the observation of life . Unlike those of his Byzantine contemporaries , Giotto 's figures are solidly three - dimensional ; they stand squarely on the ground , have discernible anatomy and are clothed in garments with weight and structure . But more than anything , what set Giotto 's figures apart from those of his contemporaries are their emotions . In the faces of Giotto 's figures are joy , rage , despair , shame , spite and love . The cycle of frescoes of the Life of Christ and the Life of the Virgin that he painted in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua set a new standard for narrative pictures . His Ognissanti Madonna hangs in the Uffizi Gallery , Florence , in the same room as Cimabue 's Santa Trinita Madonna and Duccio 's Ruccellai Madonna where the stylistic comparisons between the three can easily be made . One of the features apparent in Giotto 's work is his observation of naturalistic perspective . He is regarded as the herald of the Renaissance . Taddeo Gaddi : Annunciation to the Shepherds ( detail ) , Santa Croce Giotto 's contemporaries ( edit ) Giotto had a number of contemporaries who were either trained and influenced by him , or whose observation of nature had led them in a similar direction . Although several of Giotto 's pupils assimilated the direction that his work had taken , none was to become as successful as he . Taddeo Gaddi achieved the first large painting of a night scene in an Annunciation to the Shepherds in the Baroncelli Chapel of the Church of Santa Croce , Florence . The paintings in the Upper Church of the Basilica of St. Francis , Assisi , are examples of naturalistic painting of the period , often ascribed to Giotto himself , but more probably the work of artists surrounding Pietro Cavallini . A late painting by Cimabue in the Lower Church at Assisi , of the Madonna and St. Francis , also clearly shows greater naturalism than his panel paintings and the remains of his earlier frescoes in the upper church . Mortality and redemption ( edit ) Orcagna : The Triumph of Death ( detail ) , c. 1350 , Museum of Santa Croce A common theme in the decoration of Medieval churches was the Last Judgement , which in northern European churches frequently occupies a sculptural space above the west door , but in Italian churches such as Giotto 's Scrovegni Chapel , is painted on the inner west wall . The Black Death of 1348 caused its survivors to focus on the need to approach death in a state of penitence and absolution . The inevitability of death , the rewards for the penitent and the penalties of sin were emphasised in a number of frescoes , remarkable for their grim depictions of suffering and their surreal images of the torments of Hell . These include the Triumph of Death by Giotto 's pupil Orcagna , now in a fragmentary state at the Museum of Santa Croce , and the Triumph of Death in the Camposanto Monumentale at Pisa by an unknown painter , perhaps Francesco Traini or Buonamico Buffalmacco who worked on the other three of a series of frescoes on the subject of Salvation . It is unknown exactly when these frescoes were begun but it is generally presumed they post-date 1348 . Two important fresco painters were active in Padua in the late 14th century , Altichiero and Giusto de ' Menabuoi . Giusto 's masterpiece , the decoration of the Cathedral 's Baptistery , follows the theme of humanity 's Creation , Downfall and Salvation , also having a rare Apocalypse cycle in the small chancel . While the whole work is exceptional for its breadth , quality and intact state , the treatment of human emotion is conservative by comparison with that of Altichiero 's Crucifixion at the Basilica of Sant'Antonio , also in Padua . Giusto 's work relies on formalised gestures , where Altichiero relates the incidents surrounding Christ 's death with great human drama and intensity . Simone Martini : The Annunciation , 1333 , Uffizi , is International Gothic in style . In Florence , at the Spanish Chapel of Santa Maria Novella , Andrea Bonaiuti was commissioned to emphasise the role of the Church in the redemptive process , and that of the Dominican Order in particular . His fresco Allegory of the Active and Triumphant Church is remarkable for its depiction of Florence Cathedral , complete with the dome which was not built until the following century . International Gothic ( edit ) During the later 14th century , International Gothic was the style that dominated Tuscan painting . It can be seen to an extent in the work of Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti , which is marked by a formalized sweetness and grace in the figures , and Late Gothic gracefulness in the draperies . The style is fully developed in the works of Simone Martini and Gentile da Fabriano , which have an elegance and a richness of detail , and an idealised quality not compatible with the starker realities of Giotto 's paintings . In the early 15th century , bridging the gap between International Gothic and the Renaissance are the paintings of Fra Angelico , many of which , being altarpieces in tempera , show the Gothic love of elaboration , gold leaf and brilliant colour . It is in his frescoes at his convent of Sant ' Marco that Fra Angelico shows himself the artistic disciple of Giotto . These devotional paintings , which adorn the cells and corridors inhabited by the friars , represent episodes from the life of Jesus , many of them being scenes of the Crucifixion . They are starkly simple , restrained in colour and intense in mood as the artist sought to make spiritual revelations a visual reality . Early Renaissance painting ( edit ) Ghiberti : competition entry for the Baptistry Doors Ghiberti : The Gates of Paradise Florence , 1401 ( edit ) The earliest truly Renaissance images in Florence date from the first year of the century known in Italian as Quattrocento , synonymous with the Early Renaissance . At that date a competition was held to find an artist to create a pair of bronze doors for the Baptistry of St. John , the oldest remaining church in the city . The Baptistry is a large octagonal building in the Romanesque style , whose origins had been forgotten and which was popularly believed to date from Roman times . The interior of its dome is decorated with an enormous mosaic figure of Christ in Majesty thought to have been designed by Coppo di Marcovaldo . It has three large portals , the central one being filled at that time by a set of doors created by Andrea Pisano eighty years earlier . Pisano 's doors were divided into 28 quatrefoil compartments , containing narratives scenes from the Life of John the Baptist . The competitors , of which there were seven young artists , were each to design a bronze panel of similar shape and size , representing the Sacrifice of Isaac . Two of the panels have survived , that by Lorenzo Ghiberti and that by Brunelleschi . Each panel shows some strongly classicising motifs indicating the direction that art and philosophy were moving , at that time . Ghiberti has used the naked figure of Isaac to create a small sculpture in the Classical style . He kneels on a tomb decorated with acanthus scrolls that are also a reference to the art of Ancient Rome . In Brunelleschi 's panel , one of the additional figures included in the scene is reminiscent of a well - known Roman bronze figure of a boy pulling a thorn from his foot . Brunelleschi 's creation is challenging in its dynamic intensity . Less elegant than Ghiberti 's , it is more about human drama and impending tragedy . Ghiberti won the competition . His first set of Baptistry doors took 27 years to complete , after which he was commissioned to make another . In the total of 50 years that Ghiberti worked on them , the doors provided a training ground for many of the artists of Florence . Being narrative in subject and employing not only skill in arranging figurative compositions but also the burgeoning skill of linear perspective , the doors were to have an enormous influence on the development of Florentine pictorial art . They were a unifying factor , a source of pride and camaraderie for both the city and its artists . Michelangelo was to call them the Gates of Paradise . Masolino : Adam and Eve Masaccio : Adam and Eve Brancacci Chapel ( edit ) Main article : Brancacci Chapel In 1426 two artists commenced painting a fresco cycle of the Life of St. Peter in the chapel of the Brancacci family , at the Carmelite Church in Florence . They both were called by the name of Tommaso and were nicknamed Masaccio and Masolino , Slovenly Tom and Little Tom . More than any other artist , Masaccio recognized the implications in the work of Giotto . He carried forward the practice of painting from nature . His paintings demonstrate an understanding of anatomy , of foreshortening , of linear perspective , of light and the study of drapery . Among his works , the figures of Adam and Eve being expelled from Eden , painted on the side of the arch into the chapel , are renowned for their realistic depiction of the human form and of human emotion . They contrast with the gentle and pretty figures painted by Masolino on the opposite side of Adam and Eve receiving the forbidden fruit . The painting of the Brancacci Chapel was left incomplete when Masaccio died at 26 . The work was later finished by Filippino Lippi . Masaccio 's work became a source of inspiration to many later painters , including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo . Development of linear perspective ( edit ) Paolo Uccello : The Presentation of the Virgin shows his experiments with perspective and light . During the first half of the 15th century , the achieving of the effect of realistic space in a painting by the employment of linear perspective was a major preoccupation of many painters , as well as the architects Brunelleschi and Alberti who both theorised about the subject . Brunelleschi is known to have done a number of careful studies of the piazza and octagonal baptistery outside Florence Cathedral and it is thought he aided Masaccio in the creation of his famous trompe l'oeil niche around the Holy Trinity he painted at Santa Maria Novella . According to Vasari , Paolo Uccello was so obsessed with perspective that he thought of little else and experimented with it in many paintings , the best known being the three Battle of San Romano pictures which use broken weapons on the ground , and fields on the distant hills to give an impression of perspective . In the 1450s Piero della Francesca , in paintings such as The Flagellation of Christ , demonstrated his mastery over linear perspective and also over the science of light . Another painting exists , a cityscape , by an unknown artist , perhaps Piero della Francesca , that demonstrates the sort of experiment that Brunelleschi had been making . From this time linear perspective was understood and regularly employed , such as by Perugino in his Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter in the Sistine Chapel . Piero della Francesca : The Flagellation demonstrates the artist 's control over both perspective and light . Understanding of light ( edit ) Giotto used tonality to create form . Taddeo Gaddi in his nocturnal scene in the Baroncelli Chapel demonstrated how light could be used to create drama . Paolo Uccello , a hundred years later , experimented with the dramatic effect of light in some of his almost monochrome frescoes . He did a number of these in terra verde or `` green earth '' , enlivening his compositions with touches of vermilion . The best known is his equestrian portrait of John Hawkwood on the wall of Florence Cathedral . Both here and on the four heads of prophets that he painted around the inner clockface in the cathedral , he used strongly contrasting tones , suggesting that each figure was being lit by a natural light source , as if the source was an actual window in the cathedral . Piero della Francesca carried his study of light further . In the Flagellation he demonstrates a knowledge of how light is proportionally disseminated from its point of origin . There are two sources of light in this painting , one internal to a building and the other external . Of the internal source , though the light itself is invisible , its position can be calculated with mathematical certainty . Leonardo da Vinci was to carry forward Piero 's work on light . The Madonna ( edit ) Andrea and Giovanni della Robbia : Madonna and Child Filippo Lippi : Madonna and Child , 1459 The Blessed Virgin Mary , revered by the Catholic Church worldwide , was particularly evoked in Florence , where there was a miraculous image of her on a column in the corn market and where both the Cathedral of `` Our Lady of the Flowers '' and the large Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella were named in her honour . The miraculous image in the corn market was destroyed by fire , but replaced with a new image in the 1330s by Bernardo Daddi , set in an elaborately designed and lavishly wrought canopy by Orcagna . The open lower storey of the building was enclosed and dedicated as Orsanmichele . Depictions of the Madonna and Child were a very popular art form in Florence . They took every shape from small mass - produced terracotta plaques to magnificent altarpieces such as those by Cimabue , Giotto and Masaccio . In the 15th and first half of the 16th centuries , one workshop more than any other dominated the production of Madonnas . They were the della Robbia family , and they were not painters but modellers in clay . Luca della Robbia , famous for his cantoria gallery at the cathedral , was the first sculptor to use glazed terracotta for large sculptures . Many of the durable works of this family have survived . The skill of the della Robbias , particularly Andrea della Robbia , was to give great naturalism to the babies that they modelled as Jesus , and expressions of great piety and sweetness to the Madonna . They were to set a standard to be emulated by other artists of Florence . Among those who painted devotional Madonnas during the Early Renaissance are Fra Angelico , Fra Filippo Lippi , Verrocchio and Davide Ghirlandaio . The custom was continued by Botticelli who produced a series of Madonnas over a period of twenty years for the Medici ; Perugino , whose Madonnas and saints are known for their sweetness and Leonardo da Vinci , for whom a number of small attributed Madonnas such as the Benois Madonna have survived . Even Michelangelo who was primarily a sculptor , was persuaded to paint the Doni Tondo , while for Raphael , they are among his most popular and numerous works . Early Renaissance painting in other parts of Italy ( edit ) Mantegna : The Gonzaga family ( detail ) Andrea Mantegna in Padua and Mantua ( edit ) One of the most influential painters of northern Italy was Andrea Mantegna of Padua , who had the good fortune to be in his teen years at the time in which the great Florentine sculptor Donatello was working there . Donatello created the enormous equestrian bronze , the first since the Roman Empire , of the condotiero Gattemelata , still visible on its plinth in the square outside the Basilica of Sant'Antonio . He also worked on the high altar and created a series of bronze panels in which he achieved a remarkable illusion of depth , with perspective in the architectural settings and apparent roundness of the human form all in very shallow relief . At only 17 years old , Mantegna accepted his first commission , fresco cycles of the Lives of Saints James and Christopher for the Eremitani Chapel , near the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua . Unfortunately the building was mostly destroyed during World War II , and they are only known from photographs which reveal an already highly developed sense of perspective and a knowledge of antiquity , for which the ancient University of Padua had become well known , early in the 15th century . Mantegna 's last work in Padua was a monumental San Zeno altarpiece , created for the abbot of the Basilica of San Zeno , Verona from 1457 to 1459 . This polyptych of which the predella panels are particularly notable for the handling of landscape elements , was to influence the further development of Renaissance art in Northern Italy including artists of the school of Verona , Francesco Morone , Liberale da Verona and Girolamo dai Libri . Mantegna 's most famous work is the interior decoration of the Camera degli Sposi for the Gonzaga family in Mantua , dated about 1470 . The walls are frescoed with scenes of the life of the Gonzaga family , talking , greeting a younger son and his tutor on their return from Rome , preparing for a hunt and other such scenes that make no obvious reference to matters historic , literary , philosophic or religious . They are remarkable for simply being about family life . The one concession is the scattering of jolly winged cherubs who hold up plaques and garlands and clamber on the illusionistic pierced balustrade that surrounds a trompe l'oeil view of the sky that decks the ceiling of the chamber . Cosmè Tura in Ferrara ( edit ) While Mantegna was working for the Gonzagas in Mantua , a very different painter was being employed to design an even more ambitious scheme for the Este family of Ferrara . Cosmè Tura 's painting is highly distinctive , both strangely Gothic yet Classicising at the same time . Tura poses Classical figures as if they were saints , surrounds them with luminous symbolic motifs of surreal perfection and clothes them in garments that appear to be crafted out of intricately folded and enamelled copper . Francesco del Cossa : The Triumph of Venus for the d'Este family Borso d'Este 's family had constructed a large banquetting hall and suite known as the Palazzo Schifanoia . Borso , according to Tura 's personal records , employed him in 1470 to design the decorative scheme for the banquetting hall , to be executed by Francesco del Cossa and Ercole de ' Roberti . The scheme is both symbolically complex and elaborate in execution . The overriding theme is the Cycle of the Year as represented by the signs of the zodiac accompanied by the mysterious Deans each ruling ten days of the month . Above them , seated in a spectacular array of chariots drawn by lions , eagles , unicorns and other such beasts , are twelve Roman deities with their various attributes . In the lower tiers , as in the Camera degli Sposi , are shown the life of the family . For the month of March , for example , the figure of Minerva , Goddess of Wisdom , is represented and in the panel beneath Borso d'Este is administering justice , while in the distance workers are pruning vines . Although areas of the frescoes are very badly damaged to the extent that the subject can no longer be identified , and although there are several different hands apparent in the works , there appears to be a consistency in the design of every remaining scene that shows the overriding eccentric style of Cosmè Tura . Antonello da Messina : St Jerome in his study Gentile Bellini : Madonna and Child Enthroned Antonello da Messina ( edit ) In 1442 Alfonso V of Aragon became ruler of Naples , bringing with him a collection of Flemish paintings and setting up a Humanist Academy . The painter Antonello da Messina seems to have had access to the King 's collection , which may have included the works of Jan van Eyck . He seems to have been exposed to Flemish painting at a date earlier than the Florentines , to have quickly seen the potential of oils as a medium and then painted in nothing else . He carried the technique north to Venice with him , where it was soon adopted by Giovanni Bellini and became the favoured medium of the maritime republic where the art of fresco had never been a great success . Antonello da Messina painted mostly small meticulous portraits in glowing colours . But one of his most famous works also demonstrates his superior ability at handling linear perspective and light . This is the small painting of St. Jerome in His Study , in which the composition is framed by a late Gothic arch , through which is viewed an interior , domestic on one side and ecclesiastic on the other , in the centre of which the saint sits in a wooden corral surrounded by his possessions while his lion prowls in the shadows on the tiled floor . The way the light streams in through every door and window casting both natural light and reflected light across the architecture and all the objects would have excited Piero della Francesca . Antonello 's work influenced both Gentile Bellini , who did a series of paintings of Miracles of Venice for the Scuola di Santa Croce , and his more famous brother , Giovanni , one of the most significant painters of the High Renaissance in Northern Italy . High Renaissance ( edit ) Patronage and Humanism ( edit ) Botticelli : The Birth of Venus for the Medici In Florence , in the later 15th century , most works of art , even those that were done as decoration for churches , were generally commissioned and paid for by private patrons . Much of the patronage came from the Medici family , or those who were closely associated with or related to them , such as the Sassetti , the Ruccellai and the Tornabuoni . In the 1460s Cosimo de ' Medici the Elder had established Marsilio Ficino as his resident Humanist philosopher , and facilitated his translation of Plato and his teaching of Platonic philosophy , which focused on humanity as the centre of the natural universe , on each person 's personal relationship with God , and on fraternal or `` platonic '' love as being the closest that a person could get to emulating or understanding the love of God . In the Medieval period , everything related to the Classical period was perceived as associated with paganism . In the Renaissance it came increasingly to be associated with enlightenment . The figures of Classical mythology began to take on a new symbolic role in Christian art and in particular , the Goddess Venus took on a new discretion . Born fully formed , by a sort of miracle , she was the new Eve , symbol of innocent love , or even , by extension , a symbol of the Virgin Mary herself . We see Venus in both these roles in the two famous tempera paintings that Botticelli did in the 1480s for Cosimo 's nephew , Pierfrancesco Medici , the Primavera and the Birth of Venus . Meanwhile , Domenico Ghirlandaio , a meticulous and accurate draughtsman and one of the finest portrait painters of his age , executed two cycles of frescoes for Medici associates in two of Florence 's larger churches , the Sassetti Chapel at Santa Trinita and the Tornabuoni Chapel at Santa Maria Novella . In these cycles of the Life of St Francis and the Life of the Virgin Mary and Life of John the Baptist there was room for portraits of patrons and of the patrons ' patrons . Thanks to Sassetti 's patronage , there is a portrait of the man himself , with his employer , Lorenzo il Magnifico , and Lorenzo 's three sons with their tutor , the Humanist poet and philosopher , Agnolo Poliziano . In the Tornabuoni Chapel is another portrait of Poliziano , accompanied by the other influential members of the Platonic Academy including Marsilio Ficino . Hugo van der Goes : The Portinari Altarpiece Ghirlandaio : The Sassetti Altarpiece Flemish influence ( edit ) From about 1450 , with the arrival in Italy of the Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden and possibly earlier , artists were introduced to the medium of oil paint . Whereas both tempera and fresco lent themselves to the depiction of pattern , neither presented a successful way to represent natural textures realistically . The highly flexibly medium of oils , which could be made opaque or transparent , and allowed alteration and additions for days after it had been laid down , opened a new world of possibility to Italian artists . In 1475 a huge altarpiece of the Adoration of the Shepherds arrived in Florence . Painted by Hugo van der Goes at the behest of the Portinari family , it was shipped out from Bruges and installed in the Chapel of Sant ' Egidio at the hospital of Santa Maria Nuova . The altarpiece glows with intense reds and greens , contrasting with the glossy black velvet robes of the Portinari donors . In the foreground is a still life of flowers in contrasting containers , one of glazed pottery and the other of glass . The glass vase alone was enough to excite attention . But the most influential aspect of the triptych was the extremely natural and lifelike quality of the three shepherds with stubbly beards , workworn hands and expressions ranging from adoration to wonder to incomprehension . Domenico Ghirlandaio promptly painted his own version , with a beautiful Italian Madonna in place of the long - faced Flemish one , and himself , gesturing theatrically , as one of the shepherds . Papal commission ( edit ) In 1477 Pope Sixtus IV replaced the derelict old chapel at the Vatican in which many of the papal services were held . The interior of the new chapel , named the Sistine Chapel in his honour , appears to have been planned from the start to have a series of 16 large frescoes between its pilasters on the middle level , with a series of painted portraits of popes above them . In 1480 , a group of artists from Florence was commissioned with the work : Botticelli , Pietro Perugino , Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli . This fresco cycle was to depict Stories of the Life of Moses on one side of the chapel , and Stories of the Life of Christ on the other with the frescoes complementing each other in theme . The Nativity of Jesus and the Finding of Moses were adjacent on the wall behind the altar , with an altarpiece of the Assumption of the Virgin between them . These paintings , all by Perugino , were later destroyed to paint Michelangelo 's Last Judgement . Perugino : Christ Giving the Keys to Peter The remaining 12 pictures indicate the virtuosity that these artists had attained , and the obvious cooperation between individuals who normally employed very different styles and skills . The paintings gave full range to their capabilities as they included a great number of figures of men , women and children and characters ranging from guiding angels to enraged Pharaohs and the devil himself . Each painting required a landscape . Because of the scale of the figures that the artists agreed upon , in each picture , the landscape and sky take up the whole upper half of the scene . Sometimes , as in Botticelli 's scene of The Purification of the Leper , there are additional small narratives taking place in the landscape , in this case The Temptations of Christ . Perugino 's scene of Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter is remarkable for the clarity and simplicity of its composition , the beauty of the figurative painting , which includes a self - portrait among the onlookers , and especially the perspective cityscape which includes reference to Peter 's ministry to Rome by the presence of two triumphal arches , and centrally placed an octagonal building that might be a Christian baptistry or a Roman Mausoleum . Leonardo da Vinci ( edit ) Leonardo , because of the scope of his interests and the extraordinary degree of talent that he demonstrated in so many diverse areas , is regarded as the archetypal `` Renaissance man '' . But it was first and foremost as a painter that he was admired within his own time , and as a painter , he drew on the knowledge that he gained from all his other interests . Leonardo da Vinci : The Last Supper Leonardo was a scientific observer . He learned by looking at things . He studied and drew the flowers of the fields , the eddies of the river , the form of the rocks and mountains , the way light reflected from foliage and sparkled in a jewel . In particular , he studied the human form , dissecting thirty or more unclaimed cadavers from a hospital in order to understand muscles and sinews . More than any other artist , he advanced the study of `` atmosphere '' . In his paintings such as the Mona Lisa and Virgin of the Rocks , he used light and shade with such subtlety that , for want of a better word , it became known as Leonardo 's `` sfumato '' or `` smoke '' . Simultaneous to inviting the viewer into a mysterious world of shifting shadows , chaotic mountains and whirling torrents , Leonardo achieved a degree of realism in the expression of human emotion , prefigured by Giotto but unknown since Masaccio 's Adam and Eve . Leonardo 's Last Supper , painted in the refectory of a monastery in Milan , became the benchmark for religious narrative painting for the next half millennium . Many other Renaissance artists painted versions of the Last Supper , but only Leonardo 's was destined to be reproduced countless times in wood , alabaster , plaster , lithograph , tapestry , crochet and table - carpets . Apart from the direct impact of the works themselves , Leonardo 's studies of light , anatomy , landscape , and human expression were disseminated in part through his generosity to a retinue of students . Michelangelo ( edit ) Michelangelo : The Creation of Adam In 1508 Pope Julius II succeeded in getting the sculptor Michelangelo to agree to continue the decorative scheme of the Sistine Chapel . The Sistine Chapel ceiling was constructed in such a way that there were twelve sloping pendentives supporting the vault that formed ideal surfaces on which to paint the Twelve Apostles . Michelangelo , who had yielded to the Pope 's demands with little grace , soon devised an entirely different scheme , far more complex both in design and in iconography . The scale of the work , which he executed single handed except for manual assistance , was titanic and took nearly five years to complete . The Pope 's plan for the Apostles would thematically have formed a pictorial link between the Old Testament and New Testament narratives on the walls , and the popes in the gallery of portraits . It is the twelve apostles , and their leader Peter as first Bishop of Rome , that make that bridge . But Michelangelo 's scheme went the opposite direction . The theme of Michelangelo 's ceiling is not God 's grand plan for humanity 's salvation . The theme is about humanity 's disgrace . It is about why humanity and the faith needed Jesus . Superficially , the ceiling is a Humanist construction . The figures are of superhuman dimension and , in the case of Adam , of such beauty that according to the biographer Vasari , it really looks as if God himself had designed the figure , rather than Michelangelo . But despite the beauty of the individual figures , Michelangelo has not glorified the human state , and he certainly has not presented the Humanist ideal of platonic love . In fact , the ancestors of Christ , which he painted around the upper section of the wall , demonstrate all the worst aspects of family relationships , displaying dysfunction in as many different forms as there are families . Vasari praised Michelangelo 's seemingly infinite powers of invention in creating postures for the figures . Raphael , who was given a preview by Bramante after Michelangelo had downed his brush and stormed off to Bologna in a temper , painted at least two figures in imitation of Michelangelo 's prophets , one at the church of Sant ' Agostino and the other in the Vatican , his portrait of Michelangelo himself in The School of Athens . Raphael ( edit ) With Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo , Raphael 's name is synonymous with the High Renaissance , although he was younger than Michelangelo by 18 years and Leonardo by almost 30 . It can not be said of him that he greatly advanced the state of painting as his two famous contemporaries did . Rather , his work was the culmination of all the developments of the High Renaissance . Raphael : The School of Athens , commissioned by Pope Julius II to decorate a suite now known as the Raphael Rooms in the Vatican Raphael had the good luck to be born the son of a painter , so his career path , unlike that of Michelangelo who was the son of minor nobility , was decided without a quarrel . Some years after his father 's death he worked in the Umbrian workshop of Perugino , an excellent painter and a superb technician . His first signed and dated painting , executed at the age of 21 , is the Betrothal of the Virgin , which immediately reveals its origins in Perugino 's Christ giving the Keys to Peter . Raphael was a carefree character who unashamedly drew on the skills of the renowned painters whose lifespans encompassed his . In his works the individual qualities of numerous different painters are drawn together . The rounded forms and luminous colours of Perugino , the lifelike portraiture of Ghirlandaio , the realism and lighting of Leonardo and the powerful draughtsmanship of Michelangelo became unified in the paintings of Raphael . In his short life he executed a number of large altarpieces , an impressive Classical fresco of the sea nymph , Galatea , outstanding portraits with two popes and a famous writer among them , and , while Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling , a series of wall frescoes in the Vatican chambers nearby , of which the School of Athens is uniquely significant . This fresco depicts a meeting of all the most learned ancient Athenians , gathered in a grand classical setting around the central figure of Plato , whom Raphael has famously modelled upon Leonardo da Vinci . The brooding figure of Heraclitus who sits by a large block of stone , is a portrait of Michelangelo , and is a reference to the latter 's painting of the Prophet Jeremiah in the Sistine Chapel . His own portrait is to the right , beside his teacher , Perugino . But the main source of Raphael 's popularity was not his major works , but his small Florentine pictures of the Madonna and Christ Child . Over and over he painted the same plump calm - faced blonde woman and her succession of chubby babies , the most famous probably being La Belle Jardinière ( `` The Madonna of the Beautiful Garden '' ) , now in the Louvre . His larger work , the Sistine Madonna , used as a design for countless stained glass windows , has come , in the 21st century , to provide the iconic image of two small cherubs which has been reproduced on everything from paper table napkins to umbrellas . High Renaissance painting in Venice ( edit ) Giovanni Bellini ( edit ) Giovanni Bellini : The Brera Madonna Giovanni Bellini was the exact contemporary of his brother Gentile , his brother - in - law Mantegna and Antonello da Messina . Working most of his life in the studio of his brother , and strongly influenced by the crisp style of Mantegna , he does not appear to have produced an independently signed painting until he was in his late 50s . During the last 30 years of his life he was both extraordinarily productive and influential , having the guidance of both Giorgione and Titian . Bellini , like his much younger contemporary , Raphael , produced numerous small Madonnas in rich glowing colour , usually of more intense tonality than his Florentine counterpart . These Madonnas multiplied prolifically as they were reproduced by other members of the large Bellini studio , one tiny picture , The Circumcision of Christ existing in four or five almost identical versions . Traditionally , in the painting of altarpieces of the Madonna and Child , the enthroned figure of the Virgin is accompanied by saints , who stand in defined spaces , separated physically in the form of a polytych or defined by painted architectural boundaries . Piero della Francesca used the Classical niche as a setting for his enthroned Madonnas , as Masaccio had used it as the setting for his Holy Trinity at Santa Maria Novella . Piero grouped saints around the throne , in the architectural space . Bellini used this same form , known as Sacred conversations , in several of his later altarpieces such as that for the Venetian church of San Zaccaria . It is a masterful composition which extends the real architecture of the building into the illusionistic architecture of the painting , making the niche a sort of loggia opened up to the landscape and to daylight which streams across the figures of the Virgin and Child , the two female saints and the little angel who plays a viola making them brighter than the two elderly male saints who stand to the fore in the picture , Peter deep in thought and Jerome immersed in a book . Giorgione and Titian ( edit ) Giorgione : The Tempest Titian : Europa and the Bull Whilst the style of Giorgione 's painting clearly relates to that of his presumed master , Giovanni Bellini , his subject matter makes him one of the most original and abstruse artists of the Renaissance . One of his paintings , of a landscape known as The Tempest , with a semi-naked woman feeding a baby , a clothed man , some classical columns and a flash of lightning , perhaps represents Adam and Eve in their post-Eden days , or perhaps it does not . Another painting attributed to him and traditionally known as The Three Philosophers , may represent the Magi planning their journey in search of the infant Christ , but this is not certain either . One thing that appears to be certain is that Giorgione painted a female nude , the very first female nude that stands , or rather , lies , as a subject to be portrayed and admired for beauty alone . There are no need for Classical references in this painting , although in later nudes Titian , Velázquez , Veronese , Rembrandt , Rubens and even Manet saw fit to add some . They are the artistic heirs of Giorgione 's nude . On Giorgione 's premature death , Titian completed the painting and went on to paint a great many more naked women , most frequently , as Botticelli did , disguising them as goddesses and surrounding them with sylvan woods and starry skies to make perfect decoration for the walls of rich clientele . But it was as a painter of portraits that Titian excelled , his longevity allowing him to achieve far more , both in the way of production and in stylistic development than either Giorgione or his Florentine contemporary Raphael were able to . Titian gave the world images of Pietro Aretino and Pope Paul III and many other people of his day , perhaps his most powerful portrait being that of Doge Andrea Gritti , ruler of Venice , who looms large in the picture space , one huge hand clasping his heavily buttoned robe in a dynamic Expressionistic gesture . Titian is also renowned for his religious painting , his last work being a turbulent and abstracted Pietà . Influence of Italian Renaissance painting ( edit ) The lives of both Michelangelo and Titian extended well into the second half of the 16th century . Both saw their styles and those of Leonardo , Mantegna , Giovanni Bellini , Antonello da Messina and Raphael adapted by later painters to form a disparate style known as Mannerism , and move steadily towards the great outpouring of imagination and painterly virtuosity of the Baroque period . The artist who most extended the trends in Titian 's large figurative compositions is Tintoretto , although his personal manner was such that he only lasted nine days as Titian 's apprentice . Rembrandt 's knowledge of the works of both Titian and Raphael is apparent in his portraits . The direct influences of Leonardo and Raphael upon their own pupils was to effect generations of artists including Poussin and schools of Classical painters of the 18th and 19th centuries . Antonello da Messina 's work had a direct influence on Albrecht Dürer and Martin Schongauer and through the latter 's engravings , countless artists including the German , Dutch and English schools of stained glass makers extending into the early 20th century . Michelangelo 's Sistine Chapel ceiling and later The Last Judgment had direct influence on the figurative compositions firstly of Raphael and his pupils and then almost every subsequent 16th - century painter who looked for new and interesting ways to depict the human form . It is possible to trace his style of figurative composition through Andrea del Sarto , Pontormo , Bronzino , Parmigianino , Veronese , to el Greco , Carracci , Caravaggio , Rubens , Poussin and Tiepolo to both the Classical and the Romantic painters of the 19th century such as Jacques - Louis David and Delacroix . Under the influence of the Italian Renaissance painting , many modern academies of art , such as the Royal Academy , were founded , and it was specifically to collect the works of the Italian Renaissance that some of the world 's best known art collections , such as the National Gallery , London , were formed . The continuing influence of Italian Renaissance painting Titian : Portrait of Doge Andrea Gritti , Venetian , 16th century Diego Velázquez , Phillip IV of Spain , 17th century Joshua Reynolds , Baron Heathfield , Lord Warden of Gibraltar , 18th century William Orpen , Chef de l'Hôtel Chatham , 20th century See also ( edit ) Themes in Italian Renaissance painting Renaissance architecture Mannerism Lives of the Most Excellent Painters , Sculptors , and Architects Timeline of Italian artists to 1800 Notes and references ( edit ) Jump up ^ e.g. Antonello da Messina who travelled from Sicily to Venice via Naples . ^ Jump up to : Frederick Hartt , A History of Italian Renaissance Art , ( 1970 ) ^ Jump up to : Michael Baxandall , Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy , ( 1974 ) Jump up ^ Margaret Aston , The Fifteenth Century , the Prospect of Europe , ( 1979 ) Jump up ^ Keith Christiansen , Italian Painting , ( 1992 ) Jump up ^ John White , Duccio , ( 1979 ) ^ Jump up to : Giorgio Vasari , Lives of the Artists , ( 1568 ) Jump up ^ All three are reproduced and compared at Italian Renaissance painting , development of themes ^ Jump up to : Sarel Eimerl , The World of Giotto , ( 1967 ) Jump up ^ Mgr . Giovanni Foffani , Frescoes by Giusto de ' Menabuoi , ( 1988 ) Jump up ^ Helen Gardner , Art through the Ages , ( 1970 ) ^ Jump up to : R.E. Wolf and R. Millen , Renaissance and Mannerist Art , ( 1968 ) ^ Jump up to : Ornella Casazza , Masaccio and the Brancacci Chapel , ( 1990 ) Jump up ^ Annarita Paolieri , Paolo Uccello , Domenico Veneziano , Andrea del Castagno , ( 1991 ) Jump up ^ Peter Murray and Pier Luigi Vecchi , Piero della Francesca , ( 1967 ) ^ Jump up to : Diana Davies , Harrap 's Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Artists , ( 1990 ) ^ Jump up to : Elena Lanzanova , trans . Giorgina Arcuri , Restoration Of Mantegna 'S San Zeno Altarpiece In Florence , Arcadja , ( 2008 - 06 - 23 ) , ( accessed : 2012 - 07 - 13 ) Jump up ^ metmuseum Madonna and Child with Saints Girolamo dai Libri ( Italian , Verona 1474 -- 1555 Verona ) , edit : 2000 -- 2012 Jump up ^ Schifanoia means `` disgust of annoyances '' , or `` Sans Souci '' , and indeed it lacks anything so commonplace as a kitchen so that all the food had to be transported . Jump up ^ Ranieri Varese , Il Palazzo di Schifanoia , ( 1980 ) Jump up ^ Ilan Rachum , The Renaissance , an Illustrated Encyclopedia , ( 1979 ) ^ Jump up to : Hugh Ross Williamson , Lorenzo the Magnificent , ( 1974 ) Jump up ^ Umberto Baldini , Primavera , ( 1984 ) ^ Jump up to : Giacometti , Massimo ( 1986 ) . The Sistine Chapel . ^ Jump up to : T.L. Taylor , The Vision of Michelangelo , Sydney University , ( 1982 ) Jump up ^ Gabriel Bartz and Eberhard König , Michelangelo , ( 1998 ) Jump up ^ Ludwig Goldschieder , Michelangelo , ( 1962 ) Jump up ^ Some sources identify this figure as Il Sodoma , but it is an older , grey - haired man , while Sodoma was in his 30s . Moreover , it strongly resembles several self - portraits of Perugino , who would have been about 60 at the time . Jump up ^ David Thompson , Raphael , the Life and Legacy , ( 1983 ) Jump up ^ Jean - Pierre Cuzin , Raphael , his Life and Works , ( 1985 ) Jump up ^ Olivari , Mariolina ( 1990 ) . Giovanni Bellini . Jump up ^ Cecil Gould , Titian , ( 1969 ) Bibliography ( edit ) General ( edit ) Giorgio Vasari , Lives of the Artists , ( 1568 ) , 1965 edition , trans George Bull , Penguin , ISBN 0 - 14 - 044164 - 6 Frederick Hartt , A History of Italian Renaissance Art , ( 1970 ) Thames and Hudson , ISBN 0 - 500 - 23136 - 2 R.E. Wolf and R. Millen , Renaissance and Mannerist Art , ( 1968 ) Abrams , ISBN unknown Keith Christiansen , Italian Painting , ( 1992 ) Hugh Lauter Levin / Macmillan , ISBN 0883639718 Helen Gardner , Art through the Ages , ( 1970 ) Harcourt , Brace and World , ISBN 0 - 15 - 503752 - 8 Michael Baxandall , Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy , ( 1974 ) Oxford University Press , ISBN 0 - 19 - 881329 - 5 Margaret Aston , The Fifteenth Century , the Prospect of Europe , ( 1979 ) Thames and Hudson , ISBN 0 - 500 - 33009 - 3 Ilan Rachum , The Renaissance , an Illustrated Encyclopedia , ( 1979 ) Octopus , ISBN 0 - 7064 - 0857 - 8 Diana Davies , Harrap 's Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Artists , ( 1990 ) Harrap Books , ISBN 0 - 245 - 54692 - 8 Luciano Berti , Florence : the city and its art , ( 1971 ) Scala , ISBN unknown Rona Goffen , Renaissance Rivals : Michelangelo , Leonardo , Raphael , Titian , ( 2004 ) Yale University Press , ISBN 0300105894 Arnold Hauser , The Social History of Art , Vol. 2 : Renaissance , Mannerism , Baroque , ( 1999 ) Routledge , ISBN 0415199468 Luciano Berti , The Ufizzi , ( 1971 ) Scala , Florence . ISBN unknown Michael Wilson , The National Gallery , London , ( 1977 ) Scala , ISBN 0 - 85097 - 257 - 4 Hugh Ross Williamson , Lorenzo the Magnificent , ( 1974 ) Michael Joseph , ISBN 0 - 7181 - 1204 - 0 Sciacca , Christine ( 2012 ) . Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance : Painting and Illumination , 1300 - 1500 . Getty Publications . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60606 - 126 - 8 . Archived from the original on 2012 - 09 - 20 . Painters ( edit ) John White , Duccio , ( 1979 ) Thames and Hudson , ISBN 0 - 500 - 09135 - 8 Cecilia Jannella , Duccio di Buoninsegna , ( 1991 ) Scala / Riverside , ISBN 1 - 878351 - 18 - 4 Sarel Eimerl , The World of Giotto , ( 1967 ) Time / Life , ISBN 0 - 900658 - 15 - 0 Mgr . Giovanni Foffani , Frescoes by Giusto de ' Menabuoi , ( 1988 ) G. Deganello , ISBN unknown Ornella Casazza , Masaccio and the Brancacci Chapel , ( 1990 ) Scala / Riverside , ISBN 1 - 878351 - 11 - 7 Annarita Paolieri , Paolo Uccello , Domenico Veneziano , Andrea del Castagno , ( 1991 ) Scala / Riverside , ISBN 1 - 878351 - 20 - 6 Alessandro Angelini , Piero della Francesca , ( 1985 ) Scala / Riverside , ISBN 1 - 878351 - 04 - 4 Peter Murray and Pier Luigi Vecchi , Piero della Francesca , ( 1967 ) Penguin , ISBN 0 - 14 - 008647 - 1 Umberto Baldini , Primavera , ( 1984 ) Abrams , ISBN 0 - 8109 - 2314 - 9 Ranieri Varese , Il Palazzo di Schifanoia , ( 1980 ) Specimen / Scala , ISBN unknown Angela Ottino della Chiesa , Leonardo da Vinci , ( 1967 ) Penguin , ISBN 0 - 14 - 008649 - 8 Jack Wasserman , Leonardo da Vinci , ( 1975 ) Abrams , ISBN 0 - 8109 - 0262 - 1 Massimo Giacometti , The Sistine Chapel , ( 1986 ) Harmony Books , ISBN 0 - 517 - 56274 - X Ludwig Goldschieder , Michelangelo , ( 1962 ) Phaidon , ISBN unknown Gabriel Bartz and Eberhard König , Michelangelo , ( 1998 ) Könemann , ISBN 3 - 8290 - 0253 - X David Thompson , Raphael , the Life and Legacy , ( 1983 ) BBC , ISBN 0 - 563 - 20149 - 5 Jean - Pierre Cuzin , Raphael , his Life and Works , ( 1985 ) Chartwell , ISBN 0 - 89009 - 841 - 7 Mariolina Olivari , Giovanni Bellini , ( 1990 ) Scala . ISBN unknown Cecil Gould , Titian , ( 1969 ) Hamlyn , ISBN unknown Timeline of Italian artists Art movements Medieval Early Christian Migration Period Anglo - Saxon Visigothic Pre-Romanesque Insular Viking Byzantine Merovingian Carolingian Ottonian Romanesque Norman - Sicilian Gothic ( International Gothic ) Renaissance Italian Renaissance Early Netherlandish German Renaissance Antwerp Mannerists Danube school High Renaissance Romanism Mannerism Fontainebleau Northern Mannerism Flemish Baroque 17th century Baroque Caravaggisti Classicism Dutch Golden Age 18th century Rococo Neoclassicism Romanticism 19th century Naïve Nazarene Realism / Realism Historicism Biedermeier Gründerzeit Barbizon school Pre-Raphaelites Academic Aestheticism Decadent Macchiaioli Art Nouveau Peredvizhniki Impressionism Post-Impressionism Neo-impressionism Divisionism Pointillism Cloisonnism Les Nabis Synthetism Kalighat painting Symbolism Hudson River School 20th century Arts and Crafts Fauvism Die Brücke Cubism Expressionism Neue Künstlervereinigung München Futurism Metaphysical art Rayonism Der Blaue Reiter Orphism Synchromism Vorticism Suprematism Ashcan Dada De Stijl Purism Bauhaus Kinetic art New Objectivity Neues Sehen Surrealism Neo-Fauvism Precisionism Scuola Romana Art Deco International Typographic Style Social realism Abstract expressionism Vienna School of Fantastic Realism Color Field Lyrical abstraction Tachisme COBRA Action painting New media art Letterist International Pop art Situationist International Lettrism Neo-Dada Op art Nouveau réalisme Art & Language Conceptual art Land art Systems art Video art Minimalism Fluxus Photorealism Performance art Installation art Endurance art Outsider art Neo-expressionism Lowbrow Young British Artists Amazonian pop art 21st century Art intervention Hyperrealism Neo-futurism Stuckism Sound art Superstroke Superflat Relational art Related articles List of art movements Feminist art movement ( in the US ) Modern art Modernism Late modernism Postmodern art Avant - garde Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Renaissance_painting&oldid=831349294 '' Categories : Italian Renaissance painters Italian Renaissance Italian paintings Renaissance paintings Art history Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Български Español Bahasa Indonesia עברית 日本 語 Português Русский Simple English ไทย Tiếng Việt 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 20 March 2018 , at 03 : 44 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is regarded as the first important artist of the italian renaissance | ['The Proto-Renaissance begins with the professional life of the painter Giotto and includes Taddeo Gaddi, Orcagna and Altichiero. The Early Renaissance was marked by the work of Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca and Verrocchio. The High Renaissance period was that of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. The Mannerist period included Andrea del Sarto, Pontormo and Tintoretto. Mannerism is dealt with in a separate article.'] | ['Giotto'] | The Proto-Renaissance begins with the professional life of the painter Giotto and includes Taddeo Gaddi, Orcagna and Altichiero. The Early Renaissance was marked by the work of Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca and Verrocchio. The High Renaissance period was that of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. The Mannerist period included Andrea del Sarto, Pontormo and Tintoretto. Mannerism is dealt with in a separate article. |
[question]: Who are some of the artists associated with the Early Renaissance?
[answer]: Some of the artists associated with the Early Renaissance include Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca, and Verrocchio. | Who are some of the artists associated with the Early Renaissance? | Some of the artists associated with the Early Renaissance include Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca, and Verrocchio. | 1 | 7.475135 | 20 | 69 | 1 |
3,124 | 8,329,591,405,436,020,000 | Family Guy (season 3) | Family Guy ( season 3 ) - wikipedia Family Guy ( season 3 ) Jump to : navigation , search Family Guy ( season 3 ) DVD cover Starring Seth MacFarlane Alex Borstein Seth Green Mila Kunis Country of origin United States No. of episodes 22 Release Original network Fox Adult Swim ( episode 22 ) Original release July 11 , 2001 ( 2001 - 07 - 11 ) -- November 9 , 2003 ( 2003 - 11 - 09 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 2 Next → Season 4 List of Family Guy episodes Family Guy 's third season first aired on the Fox network in 22 episodes from July 11 , 2001 , to November 9 , 2003 , before being released as a DVD box set and in syndication . It premiered with the episode `` The Thin White Line '' and finished with `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' . The third season of Family Guy continues the adventures of the dysfunctional Griffin family -- father Peter , mother Lois , daughter Meg , son Chris , baby Stewie and Brian , the family pet , who reside in their hometown of Quahog . The executive producers for the third production season were Dan Palladino and series creator Seth MacFarlane . The aired season also contained nine episodes which were holdovers from season two , which were produced by MacFarlane and David Zuckerman . Although Family Guy was initially canceled in 2000 due to low ratings , following a last - minute reprieve , the series returned for a third season in 2001 . The series was canceled again in 2002 ; however , high ratings on Adult Swim and high DVD sales renewed Fox 's interest in the series . The series returned for a total of 35 new episodes in 2005 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Production 2 Reception 3 Episodes 4 References 5 External links Production ( edit ) Seth MacFarlane was nominated for an Emmy Award for Best Song for the episode `` Brian Wallows and Peter 's Swallows '' Family Guy was first canceled in 2000 following the series ' second season , but following a last - minute reprieve , it returned for a third season in 2001 . In 2002 , the series was canceled again after three seasons due to low ratings . Fox attempted to sell the rights for reruns of the show , but it was difficult to find networks that were interested ; Cartoon Network eventually bought the rights , `` ( ... ) basically for free '' , according to the president of 20th Century Fox Television Production . When the reruns were shown on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim in 2003 , Family Guy became Adult Swim 's most - watched show with an average 1.9 million viewers an episode . Following Family Guy 's high ratings on Adult Swim , the first season was released on DVD in April 2003 . Sales of the DVD set reached 2.2 million copies , becoming the best - selling television DVD of 2003 and the second highest - selling television DVD ever , behind the first season of Comedy Central 's Chappelle 's Show . The second season DVD release also sold more than a million copies . The show 's popularity in both DVD sales and reruns rekindled Fox 's interest in it . They ordered 35 new episodes in 2004 , marking the first revival of a television show based on DVD sales . Fox president Gail Berman said that it was one of her most difficult decisions to cancel the show , and was therefore happy it would return . The network also began production of a film based on the series . Dan Povenmire , who became a director on Family Guy during the series ' second season , took a more prominent role in directing by the third season , having directed five episodes . Creator Seth MacFarlane granted Povenmire substantial creative freedom . Povenmire recalled that MacFarlane would tell him `` We 've got two minutes to fill . Give me some visual gags . Do whatever you want . I trust you . '' Povenmire praised this management style for letting him `` have ( ... ) fun . '' Povenmire brought realism , and material from his own experiences , to the visual direction of Family Guy . For `` One If by Clam , Two If by Sea '' , several characters carried out fosse moves in prison -- Povenmire went into the office of a color artist , Cynthia Macintosh , who had been a professional dancer , and had her strike poses in order for him to better illustrate the sequence . In the episode `` To Love and Die in Dixie '' Povenmire drew on his childhood in the deep south to sequence a background scene where the `` redneck '' character nonchalantly kicks a corpse into the nearby river . Reception ( edit ) The episode Brian Wallows and Peter 's Swallows won an Emmy Award for Best Song . Creator MacFarlane , the recipient of the award , noted that the episode 's director Dan Povenmire deserved to have received the award for the contribution the visuals made to the episode 's win . Povenmire jokingly responded `` That 's a nice sentiment and all , but did he offer to give me his ? No ! And it 's not like he does n't already have two of his own just sitting in his house ! '' The third season has received positive reviews from critics . In his review for the Family Guy Volume 3 DVD , Aaron Beierle of DVD Talk stated `` Often brilliant , extremely witty and darkly hilarious , Family Guy was unfortunately cancelled after Fox bumped it around six or seven different time slots . Although this third season was n't as consistent as the first two , it 's still hilarious and fans of the show should definitely pick up this terrific set . '' Episodes ( edit ) See also : List of Family Guy episodes No . overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Prod . code 29 `` The Thin White Line '' Glen Hill Steve Callaghan July 11 , 2001 ( 2001 - 07 - 11 ) 2ACX17 Peter wins the Griffin family a cruise after winning a company competition . Shortly before the family prepares to leave , Joe recognizes the sensitivity of Brian 's nose and offers him a job detecting drugs as a police sniffer dog . At the airport , Brian uncovers a bystander carrying cocaine ; however , he accidentally inhales it . The next morning , Brian has an emotional breakdown after the family stages an intervention with his psychiatrist . The family compromises on sending him to rehab with their vacation money . Peter joins Brian since he now can not go on vacation , and the two cause unrest among their fellow patients by causing premature births in pregnant teens . After the two are caught , Peter is accused of being Brian 's `` x-factor '' ; however , Brian manages to defend him and decides to leave the center . The Griffins throw a party to celebrate Brian 's return , but are shocked when he announces that he is leaving Quahog to Los Angeles to continue the search for the thrill of his life . 30 `` Brian Does Hollywood '' Gavin Dell Gary Janetti July 18 , 2001 ( 2001 - 07 - 18 ) 2ACX20 Brian moves to Los Angeles with his cousin Jasper after his drug rehabilitation and inadvertently becomes a film director . The family decides to visit Brian for support in his new career ; however , when it turns out Brian is directing pornography , he attempts to keep it a secret from the family . Meanwhile , Stewie auditions for Kids Say the Darndest Things in order to unleash a mass hypnosis ; however , during the show the following night , host Bill Cosby grabs Stewie 's device and unwittingly foils his plan . Elsewhere , Brian is nominated for Best Director at the Woody Awards for adult films ; Jasper informs the Griffin family about Brian 's job and attend the awards , much to Brian 's relief . By the end of the episode , he decides to return to Quahog with his family . 31 `` Mr. Griffin Goes to Washington '' Brian Hogan Ricky Blitt July 25 , 2001 ( 2001 - 07 - 25 ) 2ACX11 The Happy - Go - Lucky Toy Factory is purchased by a tobacco conglomerate . Lois develops concern for Peter and believes the company is promoting underage smoking ; Peter attempts to confront management , but is distractingly appointed president in the process ; the family is pampered and treated elegantly as a result . At a meeting , the company decides to send Peter to Washington , D.C. in order to prevent a new anti-smoking bill from being passed into Congress . is to send someone just as dumb , and they decide to send Peter . At home , Lois catches Stewie smoking and attempts to take the family to the meeting in Washington ; although Peter prepares to deliver his speech on the floors of Congress assembled , he spots Stewie coughing from smoking and tells Congress to reject El Dorado 's proposal . When they agree , El Dorado is fined as a result , driving the company to bankruptcy . 32 `` One If by Clam , Two If by Sea '' Dan Povenmire Jim Bernstein & Michael Shipley August 1 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 01 ) 2ACX19 A hurricane demolishes the majority of the buildings in Quahog -- except the Drunken Clam ; however , the bar 's owner leaves for Florida sells it to an Englishman named Nigel Pinchley , who turns it into a British stereotypical pub . Upset over the loss of their favorite bar and failing to find another one , Peter , Quagmire , Cleveland , and Joe storm a British ship in an attempt to recreate the Boston Tea Party with beer . The following night , the pub burns down ; Peter , Quagmire , Cleveland , and Joe are blamed and thrown in jail . In prison , one of the toughest criminals Joe ever jailed , Steve Bellows , plans to kill him and the others at midnight on Saturday . Meanwhile , Stewie tries to teach Nigel 's daughter , Eliza to speak `` proper '' English and overcome her `` common '' Cockney accent as part of a bet with Brian ; although he manages to teach her how to speak `` properly '' , at the party , she urinates in front of everybody , slipping back to her Cockney accent and making Stewie lose the bet . Lois , Bonnie , and Loretta decide to investigate the bar 's destruction , and discover that Nigel had withdrawn a large amount of insurance money the day before the pub burned down , they become suspicious . Lois seduces Nigel into confessing , and his insurance agent discovers the entire story . In jail , Peter , Quagmire , Cleveland , and Joe are rescued before Steve has a chance to kill them , and the Drunken Clam is reinstated to its normal form . In London , Nigel is hanged and Eliza is sent to an orphanage . 33 5 `` And the Wiener Is ... '' Bert Ring Mike Barker & Matt Weitzman August 8 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 08 ) 2ACX22 Peter is intimidated by Chris ' larger penis and then becomes very self - conscious about his own manhood , joining a gun club to make himself feel more masculine . Peter decides to take Chris on a hunting trip with his new gun , where the two are attacked by a bear ; Chris manages to save both of them by making loud noises and jumping in front of the bear . Peter apologizes to Chris and realizes that being a man is about bravery and not size . Meanwhile , Meg tries out for cheerleading but is accepted into the flag girl squad instead , where she is pelted with rancid meat by several of the more popular children in her school . The next day , Lois instructs Meg to make friends with Connie D'Amico and prank her whenever the time his right . However , the plan fails when the popular kids trick Meg at Connie 's sixteenth birthday , where they trick her into kissing pig she thought was a popular boy . However , Lois and Meg have the last laugh when the former sends Quagmire to molest the teenagers . 34 6 `` Death Lives '' Rob Renzetti Mike Henry August 15 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 15 ) 2ACX21 On their wedding anniversary , Peter sends Lois all over Quahog on a scavenger hunt so he can go play golf . But when Peter gets struck by lightning and has a near - death experience , he meets Death again , who explains to Peter his marriage is in trouble if he does not have a revelation , and fast . 35 7 `` Lethal Weapons '' Brian Hogan Chris Sheridan August 22 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 22 ) 2ACX18 Lois takes taijutsu lessons to fight back against the leafers ( New York tourists ) overtaking the town , but worries that her violence may be a bad influence on her family . When anger management only makes everyone even more angry , they engage in an all - out brawl to get it out of their system . 36 8 `` The Kiss Seen Around the World '' Pete Michels Mark Hentemann August 29 , 2001 ( 2001 - 08 - 29 ) 3ACX02 Meg applies for an internship at Quahog 5 ( due to her crush on news anchor Tom Tucker ) , but so does the annoying Neil . When she is reluctantly driven to kiss Neil , he broadcasts the word of their `` love '' on the news . Meanwhile , a bully learns not to mess with Stewie when he steals his new tricycle . And a man embarrasses Peter by calling him a phony wherever he goes . 37 9 `` Mr. Saturday Knight '' Michael Dante DiMartino Steve Callaghan September 5 , 2001 ( 2001 - 09 - 05 ) 3ACX04 Peter 's boss , Mr. Weed , dies during a dinner with the Griffin family , and the toy factory is demolished as a result . Now unemployed , and failing to find himself other jobs , Peter decides to live his dream of being a Renaissance fair jouster , where he must defend his family 's honor from his former idol . 38 10 `` A Fish Out of Water '' Bert Ring Alex Borstein & Mike Henry September 19 , 2001 ( 2001 - 09 - 19 ) 3ACX05 After nearly two weeks of unemployment , Peter decides to begin a new career as a fisherman , but faces problems when he has to pay off a boat loan , so he tries to catch the bounty for a legendary fish . Meanwhile , Lois takes Meg to the beach for spring break , but Lois ends up having more fun than Meg . 39 11 `` Emission Impossible '' Peter Shin Dave Collard & Ken Goin November 8 , 2001 ( 2001 - 11 - 08 ) 3ACX01 After delivering Lois ' sister 's newborn child , Lois and Peter decide to have another baby , prompting Stewie to do whatever he can to stop it , even if it means shrinking himself and wiping out every sperm in Peter 's testicles . However , when he meets a sperm just like himself , Stewie begins to reconsider . 40 12 `` To Love and Die in Dixie '' Dan Povenmire Steve Callaghan November 15 , 2001 ( 2001 - 11 - 15 ) 3ACX09 The family moves to the deep South when a criminal threatens to kill Chris for witnessing his crime . There Chris befriends a kid named Sam , whom he is forbidden to see by Sam 's father when Peter questions the accuracy of a Civil War reenactment . But there seems to be more to Sam than meets the eye . 41 13 `` Screwed the Pooch '' Pete Michels Dave Collard & Ken Goin November 29 , 2001 ( 2001 - 11 - 29 ) 3ACX08 The family visits Lois ' parents , the Pewterschmidts , where Brian takes out all of his pent - up sexual energy on the Pewterschmidts ' prize - winning racing greyhound , Sea Breeze . A custody battle then ensues when Sea Breeze is revealed to be pregnant , and Brian is threatened to be neutered . 42 14 `` Peter Griffin : Husband , Father ... Brother ? '' Scott Wood Mike Barker & Matt Weitzman December 6 , 2001 ( 2001 - 12 - 06 ) 3ACX06 While teaching Chris about his Irish heritage , Peter discovers that he has a black ancestor . When this affects his social status and he finds out that his ancestor was a slave to Lois ' family , Peter fights back . Meanwhile , Stewie tries to learn mind control from the school cheerleaders . 43 15 `` Ready , Willing , and Disabled '' Andi Klein Alex Barnow & Marc Firek December 20 , 2001 ( 2001 - 12 - 20 ) 3ACX07 Joe feels discouraged after failing to catch a thief during a chase , so Peter tries to get his self - confidence back by entering him in a handicapped people 's decathlon , but with Joe still helpless , he rigs his drinks with steroids . Meanwhile , Chris , Meg and Stewie fight over $26 in a money clip . 44 16 `` A Very Special Family Guy Freakin ' Christmas '' Brian Hogan Danny Smith December 21 , 2001 ( 2001 - 12 - 21 ) 2ACX03 It is Christmas time in Quahog , a time when Lois ' plans for a perfect holiday blow up in her face , causing her to break down and go berserk . Stewie uses his role as the baby Jesus in the town play to be good for Santa Claus , about whom he has become paranoid , and to bring Lois back to Earth . 45 17 `` Brian Wallows and Peter 's Swallows '' Dan Povenmire Allison Adler January 17 , 2002 ( 2002 - 01 - 17 ) 3ACX03 Brian gets a DUI and , as punishment , he is forced to care for Pearl , a bitter old lady . After discovering that she was actually a brilliant opera singer during the 1940s and 50s who was shamed into seclusion once she faced demands to sing her famous radio jingles , Brian tries to brighten her life . Meanwhile , Peter grows a beard and discovers that a family of rare swallows have housed themselves in it . 46 18 `` From Method to Madness '' Bert Ring Mike Barker & Matt Weitzman January 24 , 2002 ( 2002 - 01 - 24 ) 3ACX11 Stewie signs up for an acting class , where he 's paired up with a stuck - up child star named Olivia . They become a hit , though the fame quickly sets in and they soon start bickering . Meanwhile , Peter and Lois object to Meg dating a nudist , though later have second thoughts after seeing her upset . 47 19 `` Stuck Together , Torn Apart '' Michael Dante DiMartino Mark Hentemann January 31 , 2002 ( 2002 - 01 - 31 ) 3ACX10 Peter and Lois are advised to go through a trial separation after Peter becomes jealous over Lois reuniting with an old boyfriend , and he hooks up with Jennifer Love Hewitt . Meanwhile , Stewie and Brian get stuck together after Stewie plays around with industrial - strength glue . 48 20 `` Road to Europe '' Dan Povenmire Daniel Palladino February 7 , 2002 ( 2002 - 02 - 07 ) 3ACX13 Stewie becomes obsessed with a British kids ' show and runs away to be part of the cast , and Brian gives chase in an attempt to bring him back . Meanwhile , Peter and Lois go to see a Kiss concert , where Lois reveals she knows nothing about the band , much to Peter 's humiliation . 49 21 `` Family Guy Viewer Mail # 1 '' Pete Michels Scott Wood Michael Dante DiMartino Gene Laufenberg Seth MacFarlane Michael Shipley & Jim Bernstein February 14 , 2002 ( 2002 - 02 - 14 ) 3ACX12 Brian and Stewie host a special episode of Family Guy , featuring three non-canon stories created from viewer requests . No Bones About It -- A genie comes to Peter to grant him wishes ; his last wish makes it so that he has no bones and must deal with life as a lump of lard . Supergriffins -- The Griffins are exposed to nuclear waste and gain superpowers , which lead them to terrorize the city . Li'l Griffins -- Tot - like versions of Peter and Quagmire try to out - brave each other in a haunted house to impress Lois in this Little Rascals parody . 50 22 `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' Dan Povenmire Ricky Blitt November 9 , 2003 ( 2003 - 11 - 09 ) ( on Adult Swim ) December 10 , 2004 ( on Fox ) 2ACX05 Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his money woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the ridiculous idea of converting Chris to Judaism as soon as possible so he will be successful in life , but Lois tries to stop him , claiming that success is not based on religion . Family Guy portal Book : Family Guy ( season 3 ) References ( edit ) Specific Jump up ^ Wheat , Alynda ( September 12 , 2008 ) . `` Fall TV Preview : ' Family Guy ' '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Morrow , Terry ( August 13 , 2004 ) . `` Resurrected ' Family Guy ' is drawing a growing audience '' . The San Diego Union - Tribune . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2004 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Erickson , Chris ( May 2 , 2005 ) . `` Family Guy hits air waves again '' . The Heights . Archived from the original on August 26 , 2009 . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Family Guy has finally been officially cancelled by Fox '' . TKtv . May 16 , 2002 . Retrieved August 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McKinley , Jesse ( May 2 , 2005 ) . `` Canceled and Resurrected , on the Air and Onstage '' . The New York Times . Retrieved August 24 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Gordon , Devin ( April 4 , 2005 ) . `` Family Reunion '' . Newsweek . p. 50 . ^ Jump up to : Levin , Gary ( March 24 , 2004 ) . `` ' Family Guy ' un-canceled , thanks to DVD sales success '' . USA Today . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Poniewozik , James ; McDowell , Jeanne ( April 19 , 2004 ) . `` It 's Not TV . It 's TV on DVD '' . Time . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Kipnis , Jill ( February 7 , 2004 ) . `` Successful `` Guy '' `` . Billboard . p. 44 . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Goodale , Gloria ( April 22 , 2005 ) . `` Cult fans bring ' The Family Guy ' back to TV '' . The Christian Science Monitor . p. 12 . Retrieved July 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Louie , Rebecca ( April 28 , 2005 ) . `` The ' Family ' ca n't be killed . Fox thought it was out , but we pulled it back on . The ' Guy ' who would n't die '' . New York Daily News . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Levin , Gary ( November 18 , 2003 ) . `` ' Family Guy ' may return '' . USA Today . Retrieved July 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Strike , Joe . ( February 1 , 2008 ) . `` From Swampy & Dan Emerges Phineas and Ferb '' , Page 3. `` . Animation World Magazine . Archived from the original on February 3 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Callaghan , p. 174 ^ Jump up to : Callaghan , p. 142 Jump up ^ Callaghan , p. 140 Jump up ^ Callaghan , p. 171 Jump up ^ Callaghan , pp. 192 Jump up ^ Callaghan , pp. 194 Jump up ^ Beierle , Aaron ( September 5 , 2003 ) . `` Family Guy -- Vol. 3 '' . DVDTalk.com . Retrieved September 22 , 2009 . General Callaghan , Steve ( 2005 ) . Family Guy : The Official Episode Guide , Seasons 1 -- 3 . HarperCollins . ISBN 0 - 06 - 083305 - X . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Family Guy season 3 Season 3 at TV.com Family Guy episodes Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Season 3 `` The Thin White Line '' `` Brian Does Hollywood '' `` Mr. Griffin Goes to Washington '' `` One If by Clam , Two If by Sea '' `` And the Wiener Is ... '' `` Death Lives '' `` Lethal Weapons '' `` The Kiss Seen Around the World '' `` Mr. Saturday Knight '' `` A Fish Out of Water '' `` Emission Impossible '' `` To Love and Die in Dixie '' `` Screwed the Pooch '' `` Peter Griffin : Husband , Father ... Brother ? '' `` Ready , Willing , and Disabled '' `` A Very Special Family Guy Freakin ' Christmas '' `` Brian Wallows and Peter 's Swallows '' `` From Method to Madness '' `` Stuck Together , Torn Apart '' `` Road to Europe '' `` Family Guy Viewer Mail # 1 '' `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' Family Guy Characters Griffin family Peter Lois Meg Chris Stewie Brian Other characters Quagmire Cleveland Mayor West Herbert Cleveland Jr . Production Cast members Guest stars Writers Awards `` The 100th Episode Special '' Media releases The Life of Larry shorts Stewie Griffin : The Untold Story Live in Vegas Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hallmarks Road to ... episodes Star Wars episodes Merchandise Home video Video games Family Guy Video Game ! ( 2006 ) Family Guy Online ( 2010 ) Back to the Multiverse ( 2012 ) Family Guy : The Quest for Stuff ( 2014 ) Family Guy : Another Freakin ' Mobile Game ( 2017 ) See also Criticism Night of the Hurricane The Cleveland Show American Dad ! Animation Domination `` Cartoon Wars Part I '' `` Cartoon Wars Part II '' Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Family_Guy_(season_3)&oldid=802731191 '' Categories : Family Guy ( season 3 ) episodes Family Guy seasons 2001 American television seasons 2002 American television seasons 2003 American television seasons Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February 2017 Use mdy dates from November 2015 Infobox television season articles that use the season name parameter Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Dansk Español Français Gaeilge Italiano ქართული Português Русский Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 28 September 2017 , at 02 : 51 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did season 3 of family guy air | ['Family Guy\'s third season first aired on the Fox network in 22 episodes from July 11, 2001, to November 9, 2003, before being released as a DVD box set and in syndication. It premiered with the episode "The Thin White Line" and finished with "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein". The third season of Family Guy continues the adventures of the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and Brian, the family pet, who reside in their hometown of Quahog.'] | ['from July 11, 2001, to November 9, 2003'] | Family Guy's third season first aired on the Fox network in 22 episodes from July 11, 2001, to November 9, 2003, before being released as a DVD box set and in syndication. It premiered with the episode "The Thin White Line" and finished with "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein". The third season of Family Guy continues the adventures of the dysfunctional Griffin family—father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and Brian, the family pet, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. |
[question]: What is the name of the family in Family Guy?
[answer]: The name of the family in Family Guy is the Griffin family. | What is the name of the family in Family Guy? | The name of the family in Family Guy is the Griffin family. | 1 | 7.474392 | 12 | 85 | 1 |
6,987 | 1,379,148,295,473,614,300 | Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon | Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon - Wikipedia Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Jump to : navigation , search Pokémon Ultra Sun Pokémon Ultra Moon North American packaging artwork for Ultra Moon , depicting the Dawn Wings form of legendary Pokémon Necrozma Developer ( s ) Game Freak Publisher ( s ) Nintendo The Pokémon Company Director ( s ) Kazumasa Iwao Producer ( s ) Junichi Masuda Shigeru Ohmori Shin Uwai Takanori Sowa Takato Utsunomiya Hitoshi Yamagami Artist ( s ) Maiko Fujiwara Writer ( s ) Toshinobu Matsumiya Ryota Muranaka Hitomi Sato Composer ( s ) Minako Adachi Go Ichinose Junichi Masuda Tomoaki Oga Series Pokémon Platform ( s ) Nintendo 3DS Release WW : November 17 , 2017 Genre ( s ) Role - playing Mode ( s ) Single - player , multiplayer Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon are role - playing video games developed by Game Freak , published by The Pokémon Company , and distributed by Nintendo for Nintendo 3DS . The paired games were released worldwide on 17 November 2017 . Announced in June 2017 , the titles are enhanced versions of Pokémon Sun and Moon with a modified storyline , similar to previous `` upper versions '' like Yellow , Crystal , Emerald , and Platinum . The games are the second installments in the seventh generation and the last planned installment of the main series Pokémon games for Nintendo 3DS . The games are set in the Hawaii - based Alola region with an alternate storyline and introduce several new characters , Pokémon , forms , and gameplay features . As with previous titles in the series , the game follows a young trainer in a Pokémon - training journey across the region . The games feature new forms of the legendary Pokémon Necrozma as version mascots . Reviews for the game are generally positive , with an aggregate score of 85 at Metacritic . Similar to previous `` upper versions '' , reviewers praised the additional features the game included while criticizing the game 's similarity to Sun and Moon . In terms of sales , the game sold over 1.2 million copies in Japan alone within three days of release and by the end of 2017 had sold over 7 million copies worldwide . Contents ( hide ) 1 Gameplay 2 Synopsis 2.1 Setting 2.2 Plot 3 Development 4 Promotion and release 5 Reception 5.1 Sales 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Gameplay ( edit ) Main article : Pokémon Sun and Moon § Gameplay Similar to previous games in the series , the games are role - playing video games with adventure elements . While set in an alternate Alola region , the mechanics and graphics remain largely the same as Pokémon Sun and Moon , with the primary differences being its modified storyline now including the Ultra Recon Squad . The player character designs are different with the first games , though they remain customizable . `` Global Missions '' , where players across the world work towards a collective goal , also made a return . Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon introduce new Ultra Beasts : Stakataka , Blacephalon and Poipole ( which evolves into Naganadel ) . In addition , there are new forms for the legendary Pokémon Necrozma , dubbed `` Dusk Mane '' and `` Dawn Wings '' forms , which are achieved by absorbing legendary Pokémon Solgaleo and Lunala , respectively ( similar to Black / White Kyurem from Black 2 and White 2 and Lusamine 's mutated form from the original Sun and Moon ) . These forms act as cover mascots for the games . Also , a new Lycanroc form , Dusk Lycanroc , is added . Players can now travel around the Alola Region to collect Totem Stickers , which allow the player to receive a Totem Pokemon . Three new activities are added : Mantine Surf , which allows the player to surf across the region 's seas ; Alola Photo Club , which allows the player to take pictures of their player character with Pokémon in various poses ; and Ultra Warp Ride , which allows the player to travel through varying Ultra Wormholes and encounter Ultra Beasts in their own worlds . New Z - Moves are available for multiple Pokémon , including Solgaleo , Lunala , Lycanroc and Mimikyu . A new upgrade to the Rotom Pokédex adds Roto - Loto , which allows the player to use boosts ( akin to O - Powers from the previous generation ) , and Z - Rotom Power , which allows the player to use Z - Moves a maximum of twice per battle . Synopsis ( edit ) Setting ( edit ) Main article : Pokémon Sun and Moon § Setting The game puts an emphasis on the Legendary Pokémon Necrozma which , in these versions , takes Lusamine 's place as the primary antagonist of the games . Similar to the original versions , the game is set in the Alola region , based on the Hawaii islands . Although largely the same , the new games feature additional buildings and locations in comparison to the first installments . Multiple main characters featured in Sun and Moon , such as Lusamine and her children , return in the game with significant changes . A new group , the Ultra Recon Squad , is introduced with differing characters in the two games . Ultra Megalopolis , a vast city where Necrozma has robbed all of its light sources , is located within Ultra Space and is accessible through the Ultra Wormholes . Another antagonist group , Team Rainbow Rocket , is featured within a post-game story and includes all of the antagonist group leaders of the previous installments in the series , ranging from Giovanni ( Pokémon Red and Blue ) to Lysandre ( Pokémon X and Y ) . Legendary Pokémon from previous generations are also included . Plot ( edit ) See also : Pokémon Sun and Moon § Plot Similar to Sun and Moon , the player character is an eleven - year old moving to Melemele Island in Alola with their mother . During their travels in Alola following the region 's traditional island challenges , they completed trials which involved battles with powered Pokémon ( known as Totem Pokémon ) and had numerous encounters with a villainous group known as Team Skull ( led by a man named Guzma ) , a more charitable one known as the Aether Foundation ( led by a lady named Lusamine ) , and a group called the Ultra Recon Squad , who came from a different dimension , the Ultra Megalopolis , where Necrozma has stolen its light . The story revolved around a special Pokémon , nicknamed Nebby , whom transformed into a legendary Pokémon ( Solgaleo in Ultra Sun and Lunala in Ultra Moon ) and Necrozma , who attempted to seize the light from Alola . During the climax , Lusamine uses Nebby to create a wormhole to the Ultra Megalopolis , where she and Guzma attempts to fight Necrozma for the sake of the Ultra Recon Squad . However , they fail , and are thrown back into their dimension later on in the story , with Necrozma following them . Necrozma captures Nebby , now a Solgaleo in Ultra Sun or Lunala in Ultra Moon , and unleashes the Ultra Beasts upon Alola before fighting the player , but is defeated . Necrozma escapes into the Ultra Megalopolis , taking Alola 's light with it while the player , with the help of the Ultra Recon Squad , travels on a Lunala in Ultra Sun or Solgaleo in Ultra Moon through Ultra Space to reach the Ultra Megalopolis . There , the player battles Necrozma for the fate of the world , this time in its true form , and defeats it once more , bringing light back to Alola . As with traditional Pokémon games , the player has rivals : Hau , a friendly boy who joins the player during his journey , and Gladion , the estranged son of Lusamine . After completing these trials , the player proceeded to battle a newly established Elite Four and later defeats Hau to become Alola 's first Pokémon League Champion . In the post-game , the player encountered Team Rainbow Rocket , a dimensionally displaced group based off Team Rocket from Red , Blue and Yellow . The aforementioned group seized control of Aether Foundation 's headquarters and took Lusamine hostage , before a counterattack by the player , a reformed Guzma , Lillie ( who had been Nebby 's caretaker throughout the whole game until its transformation ) , and former Team Plasma Leader Colress . Battling through villainous team leaders from the past games ( Maxie and Archie from Ruby , Sapphire and Emerald , Cyrus from Diamond , Pearl and Platinum , Lysandre from X and Y and Ghetsis from Black , White , Black 2 and White 2 ) , the player finally encounteres Giovanni , leader of Rainbow Rocket who had a Mewtwo at his disposal . After the player 's victory , Giovanni vanishes , wondering `` what new world shall he unleash his evil schemes upon '' . Development ( edit ) Shigeru Ohmori , one of the game 's producers , stated that Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon were worked on by younger staff members while veterans worked on the upcoming Pokémon game for the Nintendo Switch , although some more experienced members , such as Shigeki Morimoto were assigned to it . He also stated that Game Freak was treating Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon as the `` culmination of our work with the 3DS system '' . The development team of 80 was approximately half that of Pokémon Sun and Moon despite Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon having a script twice as long as Sun and Moon . In a separate interview , Ohmori also described an idea to develop the Ultra installments formed late during the development of Sun and Moon , with the titles intended to take advantage of the momentum gained by the Pokémon series following the massively successful release of the mobile game Pokémon Go . Game director Kazumasa Iwao was in charge of the battle systems in Sun and Moon . In the post-game , the game included a tribute to former Nintendo CEO Satoru Iwata , mentioning his part in the development of Gold and Silver . The game received its first patch in December 2017 , fixing several bugs . Promotion and release ( edit ) Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon were revealed in a Pokémon Direct on 6 June 2017 . Initial clerical errors in the Pokémon website showed that the games ' release date for the Nintendo Switch were `` TBA '' , although The Pokémon Company later clarified that the games were exclusive to the Nintendo 3DS . Similar with its predecessor , the game 's files were leaked in the internet before its official release , allowing software pirates to play the full game and data miners to find previously unannounced information including a new form for Necrozma , a new Ultra Beast , a new Mythical Pokémon and more . Less than a week before the game 's release , the mobile game Pokémon Go released an update which enables its players to customize their ingame avatars in the style of player characters from Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon , marking the first time the app had been used to promote a main series game . Reception ( edit ) Reception Aggregate score Aggregator Score Metacritic 85 / 100 Review scores Publication Score Destructoid 9 / 10 Famitsu 36 / 40 Game Informer 8.5 / 10 GameSpot 8 / 10 IGN 9 / 10 Nintendo Life 10 / 10 Nintendo World Report 8 / 10 Ultra Sun and Moon received `` generally favorable '' reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic . Review site IGN remarked that the games were `` full of smart improvements '' . Other reviewers made similar points , with GameSpot noting that despite similarities with Sun and Moon , `` Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon make enough changes to stand apart as the definitive version of the seventh generation games '' . On the other hand , Polygon criticized that the aforementioned changes were only present at the end , with the bulk of the gameplay being the same as its predecessor . Prior to release , both games were among the most highly anticipated titles for the Nintendo 3DS in 2017 , according to Nielsen . Sales ( edit ) Following release , the two games sold 1.2 million physical copies ( excluding digital copies purchased from the Nintendo eShop ) within the first three days in Japan . By the end of the year , the two games have sold over 2 million copies in Japan alone , making it the best - selling video game in the country for 2017 . Sales from Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon allowed the cumulative sales of the franchise to exceed the 300 million copies milestone . According to Amazon , Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon were their seventh - best selling video game ( or 25th for Ultra Sun and 28th for Ultra Moon , when other video game - related products and console variations are accounted for ) in 2017 . As of December 31 , 2017 , total sales reached 7.17 million copies , making it the ninth -- best selling 3DS game of all time . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon ( ポケットモンスター ウルトラ サン ・ ウルトラ ムーン , Poketto Monsutā Urutora San ・ Urutora Mūn , `` Pocket Monsters : Ultra Sun & Ultra Moon '' ) Jump up ^ Known as Dusk Mane Necrozma and Dawn Wings Necrozma , respectively fusions with the Pokémon Solgaleo featuring in Ultra Sun and Lunala featuring in Ultra Moon Jump up ^ Stakataka only appears in Ultra Moon while Blacephalon only appears in Ultra Sun References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Pokémon Ultra Sun & Moon Is n't A Sequel , Has A Different Main Story With Other Worlds To Visit - Siliconera '' . Siliconera. 2017 - 10 - 17 . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 01 . ^ Jump up to : Hayes , Matthew ( 18 August 2017 ) . `` New ' Pokemon Ultra Sun ' , ' Moon ' Trailer Teases Return Of A Beloved Lost Feature '' . WWG . Retrieved 21 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Tapsell , Chris ( 15 December 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon Global Missions - rewards , how to register and Global Mission targets explained '' . Eurogamer . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Frank , Allegra ( 5 October 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon get dark -- literally -- in new trailer '' . Polygon . Retrieved 5 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Valens , Ana ( 22 September 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon trailer shows off new features '' . Dot Esports . Retrieved 23 September 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hoffer , Christian . `` Mewtwo is Catchable in Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon , Other Details Revealed '' . WWG . Retrieved 30 October 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Knezevic , Kevin ( 12 October 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Sun And Moon Let You Use Two Z - Moves Per Battle '' . GameSpot . Retrieved 30 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Skrebels , Joe ( 18 August 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Story Details Revealed '' . IGN . Retrieved 22 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Frank , Allegra ( 18 August 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon 's trailer shows off a very different Alola '' . Polygon . Jump up ^ `` Pokemon Ultra Sun / Ultra Moon details - Team Rainbow Rocket , Legendary Pokemon , Battle Agency , more - Nintendo Everything '' . Nintendo Everything . 2 November 2017 . Retrieved 2 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Dayus , Oscar ( 20 October 2017 ) . `` Pokemon For Switch Is Helped By Ultra Sun And Moon , Says Dev '' . GameSpot . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Skrebels , Joe ( 19 October 2017 ) . `` Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Will Be the Last Pokemon RPGs for 3DS '' . IGN . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . Jump up ^ Webster , Andrew ( 19 October 2017 ) . `` How Pokémon Go helped shape the upcoming Ultra Sun and Moon on Nintendo 3DS '' . The Verge . Retrieved 2 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Osborn , Alex ( 23 November 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Hide a Lovely Satoru Iwata Reference '' . IGN . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Hoffer , Christian ( 8 December 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Gets an Update to Fix Bugs '' . WWG . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Hernandez , Patricia ( 6 June 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun and Moon Only Announced For 3DS Later This Year ( Update ) '' . Kotaku . Retrieved 28 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Frank , Allegra ( 8 November 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon dataminers leak new , rare Pokémon '' . Polygon . Retrieved 8 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Frank , Allegra ( 13 November 2017 ) . `` Pokémon Go update brings a little Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon into the game '' . Polygon . Retrieved 14 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pokemon Sun for Ultra 3DS Reviews -- Metacritic '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pokemon Ultra Moon for 3DS Reviews -- Metacritic '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Romano , Sal ( 14 November 2017 ) . `` Famitsu Review Scores : Issue 1511 - Gematsu '' . Gematsu . Retrieved 28 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Hilliard , Kyle ( 15 November 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Moon : Destination Vacation '' . Game Informer . GameStop . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Defreitas , Casey ( 14 November 2017 ) . `` POKEMON ULTRA SUN AND ULTRA MOON REVIEW '' . IGN . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Carter , Chris ( 14 November 2017 ) . `` Review : Pokemon Ultra Moon '' . Destructor . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Koopman , Dan ( 16 November 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Moon ( 3DS ) Review '' . Nintendo World Report . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Craddock , Ryan ( 14 November 2017 ) . `` Review : Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon Review - 3DS '' . Nintendo Life . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Plagge , Kallie ( 14 November 2017 ) . `` Pokemon Ultra Sun And Ultra Moon Review '' . GameSpot . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Frank , Allegra ( 17 November 2017 ) . `` Are Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon worth the return trip ? '' . Polygon . Vox Media . Retrieved 28 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Holiday 2017 : The Most Anticipated Video Games '' . www.nielsen.com . Retrieved 30 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Japan : Pokemon Ultra Sun and Pokemon Ultra Moon sell 1.2 million copies in first three days - Nintendo Everything '' . Nintendo Everything . 21 November 2017 . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . Jump up ^ Dealessandri , Marie ( 15 January 2018 ) . `` Pokémon , Splatoon 2 and Dragon Quest dominate 2017 charts in Japan '' . MCV UK . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Minotti , Mike ( 27 November 2017 ) . `` Pokémon passes 300 million games sold as it eyes Super Mario GamesBeat '' . VentureBeat . Retrieved 28 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com Best Sellers of 2017 in Video Games '' . www.amazon.com . Amazon . Jump up ^ `` Top Selling Title Sales Units as of 31 December 2017 '' . Nintendo . Retrieved 31 January 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official website ( hide ) Pokémon Nintendo Game Freak Satoshi Tajiri Ken Sugimori Junichi Masuda Creatures Inc . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the point of pokemon ultra sun and moon | ['Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon[a] are role-playing video games developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company, and distributed by Nintendo for Nintendo 3DS. The paired games were released worldwide on 17 November 2017. Announced in June 2017, the titles are enhanced versions of Pokémon Sun and Moon with a modified storyline, similar to previous "upper versions" like Yellow, Crystal, Emerald, and Platinum. The games are the second installments in the seventh generation and the last planned installment of the main series Pokémon games for Nintendo 3DS.'] | ['role-playing video games'] | Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon[a] are role-playing video games developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company, and distributed by Nintendo for Nintendo 3DS. The paired games were released worldwide on 17 November 2017. Announced in June 2017, the titles are enhanced versions of Pokémon Sun and Moon with a modified storyline, similar to previous "upper versions" like Yellow, Crystal, Emerald, and Platinum. The games are the second installments in the seventh generation and the last planned installment of the main series Pokémon games for Nintendo 3DS. |
[question]: What are the names of the two Pokémon games released in 2017?
[answer]: The two Pokémon games released in 2017 are Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon. | What are the names of the two Pokémon games released in 2017? | The two Pokémon games released in 2017 are Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon. | 1 | 7.462964 | 15 | 90 | 1 |
20,024 | -3,995,834,414,787,583,500 | Mayflower | Mayflower - wikipedia Mayflower Jump to : navigation , search For other ships , see Mayflower ( ship ) . For other uses , see Mayflower ( disambiguation ) . Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall ( 1882 ) Name : Mayflower Owner : Christopher Jones ( 1⁄4 of the ship ) Maiden voyage : Before 1609 Out of service : 1622 -- 1624 Fate : most likely taken apart by Rotherhithe shipbreaker c. 1624 . General characteristics Class and type : Dutch cargo fluyt Tonnage : 180 tons + Length : c. 80 -- 90 ft ( 24 -- 27.5 m ) on deck , 100 -- 110 ft ( 30 -- 33.5 m ) overall . Decks : Around 4 Capacity : Unknown , but carried c. 135 people during the historical voyage to what they would call Plymouth Colony The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans , known today as the Pilgrims , from Plymouth , England to the New World in 1620 . There were 102 passengers , and the crew is estimated to have been about 30 , but the exact number is unknown . This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history , with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment . The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy , with each member contributing to the welfare of the community . There was a second ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth , Massachusetts voyage several times . Contents ( hide ) 1 Mayflower structure and layout 1.1 General layout 1.1. 1 Main deck 1.1. 2 Gun deck 1.1. 3 Gun deck armament 1.1. 4 Cargo hold 2 Early history 3 Voyage 3.1 Speedwell and Mayflower 3.2 Mayflower sets sail 3.3 Arrival in America 3.4 First winter 4 Passengers 5 Mayflower officers , crew , and others 5.1 Crew members per various sources 5.2 Officers and crew 5.3 Known Mayflower seamen 5.4 Unidentified passenger 6 Later history 7 Second Mayflower 8 Place in history 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Mayflower structure and layout The Pilgrim ship Mayflower was a typical English merchant ship of the early 17th century , square - rigged and beak - bowed with high , castle - like structures fore and aft that served to protect the ship 's crew and the main deck from the elements . Her stern carried a 30 - foot high , square aft - castle which made the ship extremely difficult to sail against the wind and unable to sail well against the North Atlantic 's prevailing Westerlies , especially in the Fall and Winter of 1620 . This was the direct cause of the voyage from England to America taking more than two months . The Mayflower 's return trip to London in April -- May 1621 took less than half that time , with the same strong winds following . By 1620 , the Mayflower was aging , nearing the end of the usual working life of an English merchant ship in that era , some 15 years . No dimensions of her hull can be stated exactly , since this was many years before such measurements were standardized . She probably measured about 100 feet ( 30 m ) in length from the forward end at the beak of her prow to the tip of her stern superstructure aft . She was about 25 feet ( 7.6 m ) at her widest point , with the bottom of her keel about 12 feet ( 3.6 m ) below the waterline . Although William Bradford was not a mariner , he estimated that Mayflower had a cargo capacity of 180 tons . What is known on the basis of surviving records from that time is that she could certainly accommodate 180 casks of wine in her cargo hold . The casks were great barrels that each held hundreds of gallons of claret wine . This was a ship that traditionally was heavily armed while on trading routes around Europe , due to the possibility of encountering pirates and privateers of all types . And with its armament , the ship and crew could easily be conscripted by the English monarch at any time in case of conflict with other nations . General layout The general layout of the ship was as follows : Three masts : mizzen ( aft ) , main ( midship ) , and fore , and also a spritsail in the bow area . Three primary levels : main deck , gun deck , and cargo hold . Main deck Aft on the main deck in the stern was the cabin for Master Christopher Jones , measuring about ten by seven feet ( 3 m × 2.1 m ) . Forward of that was the steerage room , which housed a whipstaff ( tiller extension ) for sailing control ; not a wheel , as in later ships . Also here was the ship 's compass and probably also berths for the ship 's officers . Forward of the steerage room was the capstan , a vertical axle used to pull in ropes or cables . Far forward on the main deck , just aft of the bow , was the forecastle space where the ship 's cook prepared meals for the crew ; it may also have been where the ship 's sailors slept . The poop deck was above the cabin of Master Jones , on the ship 's highest level above the stern on the aft castle . The poop house was on this deck , which may have been for passengers ' use either for sleeping or cargo . On normal merchant ships , this space was probably a chart room or a cabin for the master 's mates . Gun deck The gun deck was where the passengers resided during the voyage , in a space measuring about 50 by 25 feet ( 15.2 m × 7.6 m ) with a five - foot ( 1.5 m ) overhead ( ceiling ) . But it was also a dangerous place in conflict , as it had port and starboard gun ports from which cannon could be run out to fire on the enemy . The gun room was in the stern area of the gun deck , to which passengers had no access due to it being the storage space for powder and ammunition for the ship 's cannons and any other weapons belonging to the ship . The gun room might also house a pair of stern chasers , small cannons used to fire out the stern of the ship . Forward on the gun deck in the bow area was a windlass , equipment similar in function to the capstan in steerage , which was used to raise and lower the ship 's main anchor . There were no stairs for the passengers on the gun deck to go up through the gratings to the main deck . To get up to the main deck , passengers were required to climb a wooden or rope ladder . There was no facility for a latrine or privy on the Mayflower , and ship 's crew had to fend for themselves in that regard . Gun deck passengers most likely used a bucket as a chamber pot , affixed to the deck or bulkhead to keep it from being jostled at sea . Gun deck armament The largest gun was a minion cannon which was brass , weighed about 1,200 pounds ( 545 kg ) , and could shoot a 3.5 pound ( 1.6 kg ) cannonball almost a mile ( 1,600 m ) . The Mayflower also had on board a saker cannon of about 800 pounds ( 360 kg ) , and two base cannons that weighed about 200 pounds ( 90 kg ) which shot a 3 to 5 ounce ball ( 85 -- 140 g ) . She carried at least ten pieces of ordnance on the port and starboard sides of her gun deck : seven cannons for long range purposes , and three smaller guns often fired from the stern at close quarters that were filled with musket balls . Later at New Plymouth , Mayflower Master Jones unloaded four of the pieces to help fortify the colony against invaders , and would not have done so unless he was comfortable with the armament that he still had on board . Cargo hold Below the gun deck was the cargo hold where the passengers kept most of their food stores and other supplies . Other items included most of their clothing and bedding . The hold also stored the passengers ' personal weapons and military equipment -- armor , muskets , gunpowder , and shot , as well as swords and bandoliers . It also stored all the tools that the Pilgrims would need , as well as all the equipment and utensils needed to prepare meals in the New World . It is also known that some Pilgrims loaded trade goods on board , including Isaac Allerton , William Mullins , and possibly others ; these also most likely were stored in the cargo hold . Early history It is not known when and where the Mayflower was built , but it is likely that she was launched at Harwich in the county of Essex , England . She was designated as `` of Harwich '' in the Port Books of 1609 -- 11 , although later known as `` of London '' . Harwich was also the birthplace of Mayflower master Christopher Jones about 1570 . Captain Jones became master of the Mayflower 11 years prior to the Pilgrims ' voyage , sailing the ship cross-Channel taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine to London . In addition , he had also transported hats , hemp , Spanish salt , hops , and vinegar to Norway , and may have taken the Mayflower whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area . She had traveled to Mediterranean ports , being then owned by Christopher Nichols , Robert Child , Thomas Short , and Christopher Jones , the ship 's master . In 1620 , Jones and Robert Child still owned their quarter shares in the ship , and it was from them that Thomas Weston chartered her in the summer of 1620 to undertake the Pilgrim voyage . Weston had a significant role in the Mayflower voyage , due to his membership in the Company of Merchant Adventurers , and he eventually traveled to the Plymouth Colony himself . There were 26 vessels bearing the same name as the Pilgrim ship in the Port Books of England in the reign of James I ( 1603 -- 1625 ) , and the reason for this popularity of the name has never been found . One particular Mayflower that has caused historical confusion is a Mayflower erroneously identified as one of the 1620 Pilgrims . This ship was partly owned by John Vassall and was outfitted for Queen Elizabeth in 1588 , during the time of the Spanish Armada , a war for which Vassall outfitted several ships . However , there are no records of Vassall 's Mayflower after 1594 . The identity of Captain Jones 's Mayflower is based on records of the time of her home port , her tonnage ( est. 180 -- 200 tons ) , and the master 's name in 1620 in order to avoid confusion with the many other Mayflower ships . Records dating from August 1609 first note Christopher Jones as master and part owner of the Mayflower when his ship was chartered for a voyage from London to Trondheim in Norway and back to London . The ship lost an anchor on her return , due to bad weather , and made short delivery of her cargo of herrings . Litigation resulted , and this was still proceeding in 1612 . Christopher Jones is described in a document of January 1611 as being `` of Harwich '' , and his ship is called the Mayflower of Harwich ( in the county of Essex ) . Records of Jones 's ship Mayflower show that the ship was twice on the Thames at London in 1613 , once in July and again in October and November . Records of 1616 again state that Jones 's ship was on the Thames , carrying a cargo of wine , which suggests that the ship had recently been on a voyage to France , Spain , Portugal , the Canaries , or some other wine - producing land . After 1616 , there is no further record which specifically relates to Jones 's Mayflower until 1624 . This is unusual for a ship trading to London , as it would not usually disappear from the records for such a long time . And no Admiralty court document can be found relating to the pilgrim fathers ' voyage of 1620 , although this might be due to the unusual way in which the transfer of the pilgrims was arranged from Leyden to New England . Or some of the records of the period may have been lost . Voyage Speedwell and Mayflower Mayflower arrived in the `` Cape Cod fishhook '' , 11 November 1620 ( satellite photo , 1997 ) About 65 passengers embarked the Mayflower in London at its homeport in the Rotherhithe district on the Thames about the middle of July in 1620 . She then proceeded down the Thames into the English Channel and then on to the south coast to anchor at Southampton Water . The Mayflower waited there for seven days for a rendezvous on July 22 with the Speedwell , coming with Leiden church members from Delfshaven in Holland . The two ships set sail about August 5 , but the unseaworthy Speedwell sprang a leak shortly after , and the ships were put into Dartmouth for repairs . The two ships made a new start after the repairs , and they were more than 200 miles ( 320 km ) beyond Land 's End at the southwestern tip of England when Speedwell sprang another leak . It was now early September , and they had no choice but to abandon the Speedwell and make a determination on her passengers . This was a dire event , as the ship had wasted vital funds and was considered very important to the future success of their settlement in America . Speedwell was sold soon after the Mayflower continued on her voyage to America . According to Bradford , she was refitted and `` made many voyages ... to the great profit of her owners . '' Bradford later assumed that Speedwell master Reynolds 's `` cunning and deceit '' ( in causing what may have been man - made leaks in the ship ) had been motivated by a fear of starving to death in America . In addition to the 102 passengers , the officers and crew consisted of about 25 -- 30 persons , bringing the total persons on board the Mayflower to approximately 130 . Mayflower sets sail For more details on acquisition of the ship and the planning of the voyage , see Pilgrims ( Plymouth Colony ) . In early September , western gales begin to make the North Atlantic a dangerous place for sailing . The Mayflower 's provisions were already quite low when departing Southampton , and they became lower still by delays of more than a month . The passengers had been on board the ship for this entire time , and they were quite worn out and in no condition for a very taxing , lengthy Atlantic journey cooped up in cramped spaces in a small ship . But the Mayflower sailed from Plymouth on September 6 , 1620 with what Bradford called `` a prosperous wind '' . Plaque on the side of a building next to Newlyn Old Quay The last port in England for the Mayflower was traditionally thought to be Plymouth ; however , there is continued controversy that the ship had to stop at Newlyn in Cornwall on the Land 's End peninsula before sailing west . It was believed that the water picked up at Plymouth had caused fever and cholera in the city , so Newlyn provided fresh water to the ship . Newlyn has a plaque to this effect on the side of a building on its quay , erected in remembrance of Plymouth historian Bill Best Harris , whose research is believed to have uncovered this little - known detail about the voyage . Aboard the Mayflower were many stores that supplied the pilgrims with the essentials needed for their journey and future lives . It is assumed that they carried tools and weapons , including cannon , shot , and gunpowder , as well as some live animals , including dogs , sheep , goats , and poultry . Horses and cattle came later . The Mayflower also carried two boats : a long boat and a `` shallop '' , a 21 - foot boat powered by oars or sails . She also carried 12 artillery pieces ( eight minions and four sakers ) , as the Pilgrims feared that they might need to defend themselves against enemy European forces , as well as the natives . The Mayflower Memorial in Southampton The passage was a miserable one , with huge waves constantly crashing against the ship 's topside deck until a key structural support timber fractured . The passengers had already suffered agonizing delays , shortages of food , and other shortages , and were now called upon to provide assistance to the ship 's carpenter in repairing the fractured main support beam . This was repaired with the use of a metal mechanical device called a jackscrew , which had been loaded on board to help in the construction of settler homes . It was now used to secure the beam to keep it from cracking further , making the ship seaworthy enough . The crew of the Mayflower had some devices to assist them en route , such as a compass for navigation , as well as a log and line system to measure speed in nautical miles per hour ( knots ) . Time was measured with the ancient method of an hour glass . There were two deaths , but this was only a precursor of what happened after their arrival on Cape Cod . Arrival in America On November 9 , 1620 , they sighted present - day Cape Cod . They spent several days trying to sail south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia , where they had obtained permission to settle from the Company of Merchant Adventurers . However , strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook , well north of the intended area , where they anchored on November 11 . The settlers wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact after the ship dropped anchor at Cape Cod , in what is now Provincetown Harbor , in order to establish legal order and to quell increasing strife within the ranks . On Monday , November 27 , an exploring expedition was launched under the direction of Capt . Christopher Jones to search for a suitable settlement site . As master of the Mayflower , Jones was not required to assist in the search , but he apparently thought it in his best interest to assist the search expedition . There were 34 persons in the open shallop : 24 passengers and 10 sailors . They were obviously not prepared for the bitter winter weather which they encountered on their reconnoiter , the Mayflower passengers not being accustomed to winter weather much colder than back home . They were forced to spend the night ashore due to the bad weather which they encountered , ill - clad in below - freezing temperatures with wet shoes and stockings that became frozen . Bradford wrote , `` Some of our people that are dead took the original of their death here '' on that expedition . The settlers explored the snow - covered area and discovered an empty native village , now known as Corn Hill in Truro . The curious settlers dug up some artificially made mounds , some of which stored corn , while others were burial sites . Nathaniel Philbrick claims that the settlers stole the corn and looted and desecrated the graves , sparking friction with the locals . Philbrick goes on to say that they explored the area of Cape Cod for several weeks as they moved down the coast to what is now Eastham , and he claims that the Pilgrims were looting and stealing native stores as they went . He then writes about how they decided to relocate to Plymouth after a difficult encounter with the Nausets at First Encounter Beach in December 1620 . However , Bradford 's History of Plymouth Plantation steadfastly denies such revisionist theories . Bradford records that they took `` some '' of the corn to show the others back at the boat , leaving the rest . They later took what they needed from another store of grain , paying the locals back in six months , and it was gladly received . Also there was found more of their corn and of their beans of various colors ; the corn and beans they brought away , purposing to give them full satisfaction when they should meet with any of them as , about some six months afterward they did , to their good content . First winter During the winter , the passengers remained on board the Mayflower , suffering an outbreak of a contagious disease described as a mixture of scurvy , pneumonia , and tuberculosis . When it ended , only 53 passengers remained -- just over half ; half of the crew died , as well . In the spring , they built huts ashore , and the passengers disembarked from the Mayflower on March 21 , 1621 . The settlers decided to mount `` our great ordnances '' on the hill overlooking the settlement in late February 1621 , due to the fear of attack by the natives . Christopher Jones supervised the transportation of the `` great guns '' -- about six iron cannons that ranged between four and eight feet ( 1.2 to 2.4 m ) in length and weighed almost half a ton . The cannon were able to hurl iron balls 3.5 inches ( 8.9 cm ) in diameter as far as 1,700 yards ( 1.5 km ) . This action made what was no more than a ramshackle village almost into a well - defended fortress . Jones had originally planned to return to England as soon as the Pilgrims found a settlement site . But his crew members began to be ravaged by the same diseases that were felling the Pilgrims , and he realized that he had to remain in Plymouth Harbor `` till he saw his men began to recover . '' The Mayflower lay in New Plymouth harbor through the winter of 1620 -- 21 , then set sail for England on April 5 , 1621 , her empty hold ballasted with stones from the Plymouth Harbor shore . As with the Pilgrims , her sailors had been decimated by disease . Jones had lost his boatswain , his gunner , three quartermasters , the cook , and more than a dozen sailors . The Mayflower made excellent time on her voyage back to England . The westerly winds that had buffeted her coming out pushed her along going home , and she arrived at the home port of Rotherhithe in London on May 6 , 1621 , less than half the time that it had taken her to sail to America . '' Jones died after coming back from a voyage to France on March 5 , 1622 , at about age 52 . For the next two years , the Mayflower lay at her berth in Rotherhithe , not far from Jones ' grave at St. Mary 's church . By 1624 , she was no longer useful as a ship ; her subsequent fate is unknown , but she was probably broken up about that time . Passengers For more details on the passenger list , see List of passengers on the Mayflower . Some families traveled together , while some men came alone , leaving families in England and Leiden . Two wives on board were pregnant ; Elizabeth Hopkins gave birth to son Oceanus while at sea , and Susanna White gave birth to son Peregrine in late November while the ship was anchored in Cape Cod Harbor . He is historically recognized as the first European child born in the New England area . One child died during the voyage , and there was one stillbirth during the construction of the colony . According to the Mayflower passenger list , just over a third of the passengers were Puritan Separatists who sought to break away from the established Church of England and create a society along the lines of their religious ideals . Others were hired hands , servants , or farmers recruited by London merchants , all originally destined for the Colony of Virginia . Four of this latter group of passengers were small children given into the care of Mayflower pilgrims as indentured servants . The Virginia Company began the transportation of children in 1618 . Until relatively recently , the children were thought to be orphans , foundlings , or involuntary child labor . At that time , children were routinely rounded up from the streets of London or taken from poor families receiving church relief to be used as laborers in the colonies . Any legal objections to the involuntary transportation of the children were overridden by the Privy Council . In 1959 , it was conclusively shown that the four More children were sent to America because they were deemed illegitimate . Three of the four More children died in the first winter in the New World , but Richard lived to be approximately 81 , dying in Salem , probably in 1695 or 1696 . The passengers mostly slept and lived in the low - ceilinged great cabins and on the main deck , which was 75 by 20 ( 23 m × 6 m ) at most . The cabins were thin - walled and extremely cramped , and the total area was 25 ft by 15 ft ( 7.6 m × 4.5 m ) at its largest . Below decks , any person over five feet ( 150 cm ) tall would be unable to stand up straight . The maximum possible space for each person would have been slightly less than the size of a standard single bed . Passengers would pass the time by reading by candlelight or playing cards and games such as Nine Men 's Morris . Meals on board were cooked by the firebox , which was an iron tray with sand in it on which a fire was built . This was risky because it was kept in the waist of the ship . Passengers made their own meals from rations that were issued daily and food was cooked for a group at a time . Upon arrival late in the year , the harsh climate and scarcity of fresh food caused many more deaths , and provisions were short due to the delay in departure . Living in these extremely close and crowded quarters , several passengers experienced scurvy , a disease caused by a lack of the essential nutrient vitamin C. There was no way to store fruits or vegetables without their becoming rotten , so many passengers did not receive enough nutrients in their diets . Passengers with scurvy experienced symptoms such as rotten teeth which would fall out , bleeding gums , and stinking breath . Passengers consumed large amounts of alcohol such as beer with meals which was known to be safer than water , which often came from polluted sources causing diseases . All food and drink was stored in barrels known as `` hogsheads '' . William Mullins took 126 pairs of shoes and 13 pairs of boots . These clothes included oiled leather and canvas suits , stuff gowns and leather and stuff breeches , shirts , jerkins , doublets , neckcloths , hats and caps , hose , stockings , belts , piece goods , and haberdasherie . At his death , his estate consisted of extensive footwear and other items of clothing , and made his daughter Priscilla and her husband John Alden quite prosperous . No cattle or beasts of draft or burden were brought on the journey , but there were pigs , goats , and poultry . Some passengers brought family pets such as cats and birds . Peter Browne took his large bitch mastiff , and John Goodman brought along his spaniel . Mayflower officers , crew , and others According to author Charles Banks , the officers and crew of the Mayflower consisted of a captain , four mates , four quartermasters , surgeon , carpenter , cooper , cooks , boatswains , gunners , and about 36 men before the mast , making a total of about 50 . The entire crew stayed with the Mayflower in Plymouth through the winter of 1620 -- 1621 , and about half of them died during that time . The remaining crewmen returned to England on the Mayflower , which sailed for London on April 5 , 1621 . Crew members per various sources Banks states that the crew totaled 36 men before the mast and 14 officers , making a total of 50 . Nathaniel Philbrick estimates between 20 and 30 sailors in her crew whose names are unknown . Nick Bunker states that Mayflower had a crew of at least 17 and possibly as many as 30 . Caleb Johnson states that the ship carried a crew of about 30 men , but the exact number is unknown . Officers and crew Captain : Christopher Jones . About age 50 , of Harwich , a seaport in Essex , England , which was also the port of his ship Mayflower . He and his ship were veterans of the European cargo business , often carrying wine to England , but neither had ever crossed the Atlantic . By June 1620 , he and the Mayflower had been hired for the Pilgrims voyage by their business agents in London , Thomas Weston of the Merchant Adventurers and Robert Cushman . Masters Mate : John Clark ( Clarke ) , Pilot . By age 45 in 1620 , Clark already had greater adventures than most other mariners of that dangerous era . His piloting career began in England about 1609 . In early 1611 , he was pilot of a 300 - ton ship on his first New World voyage , with a three - ship convoy sailing from London to the new settlement of Jamestown in Virginia . Two other ships were in that convoy , and the three ships brought 300 new settlers to Jamestown , going first to the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Nevis . While in Jamestown , Clark piloted ships in the area carrying various stores . During that time , he was taken prisoner in a confrontation with the Spanish ; he was taken to Havana and held for two years , then transferred to Spain where he was in custody for five years . In 1616 , he was finally freed in a prisoner exchange with England . In 1618 , he was back in Jamestown as pilot of the ship Falcon . Shortly after his return to England , he was hired as pilot for the Mayflower in 1620 . Masters Mate : Robert Coppin , Pilot . Coppin had prior New World experience ; he previously hunted whales in Newfoundland and sailed the coast of New England . He was an early investor in the Virginia Company , being named in the Second Virginia Charter of 1609 . He was possibly from Harwich in Essex , the hometown of Captain Jones . Masters Mate : Andrew Williamson Masters Mate : John Parker Surgeon : Doctor Giles Heale . The surgeon on board the Mayflower was never mentioned by Bradford , but his identity was well established . He was essential in providing comfort to all who died or were made ill that first winter . He was a young man from Drury Lane in the parish of St. Giles in the Field , London who had completed his apprenticeship with the Barber - Surgeons in the previous year . On February 21 , 1621 , he was a witness to the death - bed will of William Mullins . He survived the first winter and returned to London on the Mayflower in April 1621 , where he began his medical practice and worked as a surgeon until his death in 1653 . Cooper : John Alden . Alden was a 21 - year - old from Harwich in Essex and a distant relative of Captain Jones . He hired on apparently while the Mayflower was anchored at Southampton Waters . He was responsible for maintaining the ship 's barrels , known as hogsheads , which were critical to the passengers ' survival and held the only source of food and drink while at sea ; tending them was a job which required a crew member 's attention . Bradford noted that Alden was `` left to his own liking to go or stay '' in Plymouth rather than return with the ship to England . He decided to remain . Quartermaster : ( names unknown ) , 4 men . These men were in charge of maintaining the ship 's cargo hold , as well as the crew 's hours for standing watch . Some of the `` before the mast '' crewmen may also have been in this section . These quartermasters were also responsible for fishing and maintaining all fishing supplies and harpoons . The names of the quartermasters are unknown , but it is known that three of the four men died the first winter . Cook : ( name unknown ) . He was responsible for preparing the crew 's meals and maintaining all food supplies and the cook room , which was typically located in the ship 's forecastle ( front end ) . The unnamed cook died the first winter . Master Gunner : ( name unknown ) . He was in charge of the ship 's guns , ammunition , and powder . Some of those `` before the mast '' were likely in his charge . He is recorded as going on an exploration on December 6 , 1620 , and was `` sick unto death and so remained all that day , and the next night '' . He died later that winter . Boatswain : ( name unknown ) . He was the person in charge of the ship 's rigging and sails , the anchors , and the ship 's longboat . The majority of the crew members `` before the mast '' were most likely under his supervision , working the sails and rigging . The operation of the ship 's shallop was also probably under his control , a light open boat with oars or sails ( see seaman Thomas English ) . William Bradford made this comment about the boatswain : `` the boatswain ... was a proud young man , who would often curse and scoff at the passengers , but when he grew weak they had compassion on him and helped him . '' But despite such assistance , the unnamed boatswain died the first winter . Carpenter : ( name unknown ) . He was responsible for making sure that the hull was well - caulked and the masts were in good order . He was the person responsible for maintaining all areas of the ship in good condition and being a general repairman . He also maintained the tools and all necessary items to perform his carpentry tasks . His name is unknown , but his tasks were quite important to the safety and seaworthiness of the ship . Swabber : ( various crewmen ) . This was the lowliest position on the ship , responsible for cleaning ( swabbing ) the decks . The swabber usually had an assistant who was responsible for cleaning the ship 's beakhead ( extreme front end ) , which was also the crew 's toilet . Known Mayflower seamen John Allerton : A Mayflower seaman who was hired by the company as labor to help in the Colony during the first year , then to return to Leiden to help other church members seeking to travel to America . He signed the Mayflower Compact . He was a seaman on ship 's shallop with Thomas English on exploration of December 6 , 1620 , and died sometime before the Mayflower returned to England in April 1621 . ____ Ely : A Mayflower seaman who was contracted to stay for a year , which he did . He returned to England with fellow crewman William Trevor on the Fortune in December 1621 . Genealogist Dr. Jeremy Bangs believes that his name was either John or Christopher Ely ( or Ellis ) , both of whom are documented in Leiden , Holland . Thomas English : A Mayflower seaman who was hired to be the master of the shallop ( see Boatswain ) and to be part of the company . He signed the Mayflower Compact . He was a seaman on the ship 's shallop with John Allerton on exploration of December 6 , 1620 , and died sometime before the departure of the Mayflower for England in April 1621 . He appeared in Leiden records as `` Thomas England '' . William Trevore ( Trevor ) : A Mayflower seaman who was hired to remain in Plymouth for one year . One reason for his hiring was his prior New World experience . He was one of those seamen to crew the shallop used in coastal trading . He returned to England with _____ Ely and others on the Fortune in December 1621 . In 1623 , Robert Cushman noted that Trevor reported to the Adventurers about what he saw in the New World . He did at some time return as master of a ship and was recorded living in Massachusetts Bay Colony in April 1650 . Unidentified passenger `` Master '' Leaver : Another passenger not mentioned by Bradford is a person called `` Master '' Leaver . He was named in Mourt 's Relation , London 1622 , under a date of January 12 , 1621 as a leader of an expedition to rescue Pilgrims lost in the forest for several days while searching for housing - roof thatch . It is unknown in what capacity he came to the Mayflower and his given name is unknown . The title of `` Master '' indicates that he was a person of some authority and prominence in the company . He may have been a principal officer of the Mayflower . No more is known of him ; he may have returned to England on the Mayflower 's April 1621 voyage or died of the illnesses that affected so many that first winter . Later history Three of Mayflower 's owners applied to the Admiralty court for an appraisal of the ship on May 4 , 1624 , two years after Captain Jones ' death in 1622 ; one of these applicants was Jones ' widow Mrs. Josian ( Joan ) Jones . This appraisal probably was made to determine the valuation of the ship for the purpose of settling the estate of its late master . The appraisal was made by four mariners and shipwrights of Rotherhithe , home and burial place of Captain Jones , where the Mayflower was apparently then lying in the Thames at London . The appraisement is extant and provides information on ship 's gear on board at that time , as well as equipment such as muskets and other arms . The ship may have been laid up since Jones ' death and allowed to get out of repair , as that is what the appraisal indicates . The vessel was valued at one hundred and twenty - eight pounds , eight shillings , and fourpence . What finally became of the Mayflower is an unsettled issue . Charles Edward Banks , an English historian of the Pilgrim ship , claims that the ship was finally broken up , with her timbers used in the construction of a barn at Jordans village in Buckinghamshire . Tradition claims that this barn still exists as the Mayflower Barn , located within the grounds of Old Jordan in South Buckinghamshire . In 1624 , Thomas Russell supposedly added to part of a farmhouse already there with timbers from a ship , believed to be from the Pilgrim ship Mayflower , bought from a shipbreaker 's yard in Rotherhithe . The well - preserved structure was a tourist attraction , receiving visitors each year from all over the world and particularly from America , but it is now privately owned and not open to the public . Second Mayflower Another ship called the Mayflower made a voyage from London to Plymouth Colony in 1629 carrying 35 passengers , many from the Pilgrim congregation in Leiden that organized the first voyage . This was not the same ship that made the original voyage with the first settlers . This voyage began in May and reached Plymouth in August . This ship also made the crossing from England to America in 1630 ( as part of the Winthrop Fleet ) , 1633 , 1634 , and 1639 . It attempted the trip again in 1641 , departing London in October of that year under master John Cole , with 140 passengers bound for Virginia . It never arrived . On October 18 , 1642 , a deposition was made in England regarding the loss . Place in history Edward Winslow 's home , now the Mayflower House Museum , Plymouth , Massachusetts ( 1754 ) The Pilgrim ship Mayflower has a famous place in American history as a symbol of early European colonization of the future United States . The main record for the voyage of the Mayflower and the disposition of the Plymouth Colony comes from the letters and journal of William Bradford , who was a guiding force and later the governor of the colony . The 400th anniversary of the Mayflower sailing will take place in 2020 . The Harwich Mayflower Project is hoping to build a replica of the ship at Harwich , England . See also Biography portal Billericay , where the Pilgrim Fathers met prior to the voyage Leigh - on - Sea , where the Mayflower was outfitted Pilgrims ( Plymouth Colony ) Puritan migration to New England ( 1620 -- 40 ) Plymouth Adventure ( directed by Clarence Brown , 1952 ) Mayflower : The Pilgrims ' Adventure ( 1979 ) Mayflower II , a replica of the Mayflower in Plymouth , Massachusetts Speedwell ( 1577 ship ) References Jump up ^ Folsom , George . et al. Historical Magazine : and Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities , History , and Biography of America . ( C.B. Richardson , 1867 ) page 277 ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and Her Passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , 2006 ) , p. 33 Jump up ^ Bertrand Brown , ' To Celebrate the 300th Anniversary of America 's Origin ' , The Journal of Education `` , Vol. 92 , No. 6 ( Trustees of Boston University , August 1920 ) , p. 151 ^ Jump up to : Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 24 ^ Jump up to : Nick Bunker , Making Haste from Babylon : The Mayflower Pilgrims and their New World a History ( New York : Knopf 2010 ) , p. 37 ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and Her Passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , 2006 ) , p. 30 Jump up ^ `` Cross-Section '' . MayflowerHistory.com . ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and Her Passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , 2006 ) , p. 31 ^ Jump up to : `` MayflowerHistory.com '' . ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and Her Passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , 2006 ) , pp. 30 , 31 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers Who Came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and `` Little James '' in 1623 ( orig . pub : 1929 , reprint : 2006 by Genealogical Publishing Co . ) , p. 19 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers Who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and `` Little James '' in 1623 ( orig . pub : 1929 reprint : 2006 by Genealogical Publishing Co . ) , p. 17 . Jump up ^ `` The Mayflower '' . HISTORY.com . ^ Jump up to : Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers Who Came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and `` Little James '' in 1623 ( orig . pub : 1929 reprint : 2006 by Genealogical Publishing Co . ) , p. 22 Jump up ^ R.G. Marsden , `` The Mayflower '' , English Historical Review ( 19 October 1904 ) , p. 675 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 28 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers Who Came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and `` Little James '' in 1623 , ( orig . pub : 1929 reprint : 2006 by Genealogical Publishing Co . ) , pp. 17 -- 19 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 29 Jump up ^ John Boulden ( 2013 ) . `` Newlyn was last port for Mayflower '' . The Herald . Retrieved 12 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Tregwary Cottage : Some `` interesting '' facts about Newlyn `` . tregwarycottage.co.uk . Retrieved 15 August 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Hodgson , Godfrey . A Great and Godly Adventure . Public Affairs : New York , 2006 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 4 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) p. 413 Jump up ^ Bjoern Moritz , The Pilgrim - Fathers ' Voyage with the Mayflower ( ShipsOnStamps 2003 ) ( 1 ) Jump up ^ William Bradford . History of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford , the second Governor of Plymouth ( Boston . 1856 Not in copyright ) p. 448 Jump up ^ George Ernest Bowman , The Mayflower Compact and its signers , ( Boston : Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants , 1920 ) . Photocopies of the 1622 , 1646 and 1669 versions of the document pp. 7 -- 19 . Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , pp. 65 -- 66 Jump up ^ Philbrick , pp. 61 -- 62 Jump up ^ Winslow , Edward ; William Bradford ( 1622 ) . A Relation or Journal of the Beginning and Proceedings of the English Plantation Settled at Plimoth in New England . London , England : John Bellamie . pp. 8 -- 10 . Jump up ^ Philbrick , pp. 65 -- 70 Jump up ^ William Bradford , William T. Davis ( ed ) , Bradford 's History of Plymouth Plantation , 1606 -- 1646 , ( Scribners 1908 ) p. 25 ( the only written account of the voyage ) Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , pp. 90 -- 91 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 91 Jump up ^ John Harris , Saga Of The Pilgrims ( historical analysis ) , ( Globe Newspaper Co. , 1983 ) , webpages ( no links between ) : UCcom - saga1 and UCcom - saga11 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , pp. 100 -- 101 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community and War , ( Penguin Books 2006 ) , p. 101 Jump up ^ Donald F. Harris , PhD. , The Mayflower Descendant ( July 1994 ) vol. 44 no . 2 p. 111 Jump up ^ R.C. Johnson , The Transportation of Vagrant Children from London to Virginia , 1618 -- 1622 , in H.S. Reinmuth ( Ed . ) , Early Stuart Studies : Essays in Honor of David Harris Willson , Minneapolis , 1970 . Jump up ^ The Mayflower Descendant ( July 2 , 1994 ) vol. 44 no . 2 pp. 110 , 111 Jump up ^ Donald F. Harris , PhD. , The Mayflower Descendants . vol 43 ( July 1993 ) , vol. 44 ( July 1994 ) . Jump up ^ David Lindsay , Mayflower Bastard : A Stranger amongst the Pilgrims ( St. Martins Press , New York , 2002 ) Introduction ^ Jump up to : Caffrey , Kate . The Mayflower . New York : Stein and Day , 1974 ^ Jump up to : Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community , and War , ( Viking 2006 ) . Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and Her Passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , 2006 ) , p. 195 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English ancestry and homes of the Pilgrim Fathers who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 , ( Baltimore : Genealogical Publishing Company , 2006 ) , pp. 73 -- 74 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) p. 18 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) p. 21 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers Who Came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and `` Little James '' in 1623 , ( orig . pub : 1929 reprint : 2006 by Genealogical Publishing Co . ) , pp. 18 -- 19 ^ Jump up to : Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A story of Courage , Community and War ( New York : Viking , 2006 ) , p. 25 Jump up ^ Nick Bunker , Making Haste from Babylon : The Mayflower Pilgrims and their New World a History ( New York : Knopf 2010 ) , p. 31 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) pp. 19 -- 20 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) pp. 25 , 28 , 31 ^ Jump up to : Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) p. 19 Jump up ^ Nick Bunker , Making Haste from Babylon : The Mayflower Pilgrims and their New World a History ( New York : Knopf 2010 ) , p. 24 ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , pp. 32 -- 33 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , p. 32 Jump up ^ Nathaniel Philbrick , Mayflower : A story of Courage , Community and War ( New York : Viking , 2006 ) , p. 24 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , pp. 33 -- 34 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) pp. 7 -- 8 , 19 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , p.p. 34 , 46 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) pp. 7 , 19 . 27 -- 28 ^ Jump up to : Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , p. 35 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , p. 34 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , pp. 34 -- 35 Jump up ^ In the tradition of the sea , each Monday a crew member was appointed the `` liar '' or swabber assistant . This person was the first person caught telling a lie the previous week , and the crew would harass him around the main mast with calls of `` liar , liar . '' ( Johnson p. 35 ) Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , pp. 71 -- 72 , 141 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) pp. 21 , 234 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) pp. 21 , 289 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , p. 141 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) p. 289 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) p. 90 Jump up ^ Caleb H. Johnson , The Mayflower and her passengers ( Indiana : Xlibris Corp. , Caleb Johnson , 2006 ) , pp. 240 -- 242 Jump up ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton . Plymouth Colony : Its History and People , 1620 -- 1691 , ( Ancestry Publishing , Salt Lake City , UT , 1986 ) pp. 21 , 364 Jump up ^ Charles Edward Banks , The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers : who came to Plymouth on the `` Mayflower '' in 1620 , the `` Fortune '' in 1621 , and the `` Anne '' and the `` Little James '' in 1623 ( Baltimore , MD. : Genealogical Publishing Co. , 2006 ) pp. 8 -- 9 Jump up ^ R.G. Marsden , The Mayflower English Historical Review ( 19 October 1904 ) , p. 677 Jump up ^ Kate Caffrey , The Mayflower Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ; Reissue edition ( October 18 , 2014 ) , p. 324 Jump up ^ Pierson , RichardE. ; Pierson , Jennifer ( 1997 ) . Pierson Millennium . Bowie , Maryland : Heritage Books , Inc . ISBN 0 - 7884 - 0742 - 2 . Jump up ^ Philbrick , pp. 4 -- 5 Jump up ^ `` Ship Build '' . Harwich Mayflower Project . Retrieved 1 April 2017 . Further reading Bradford , William ( 1908 ) . Davis , William T. , ed . Bradford 's History of Plymouth Plantation , 1606 -- 1646 . Scribners . ( the only written account of the voyage ) Marble , Annie Russell ( 1920 ) . The Women Who Came in the Mayflower . Boston : Pilgrim Press R.G. Marsden , `` The ' Mayflower , ' '' English Historical Review 19 ( October 1904 ) : 669 -- 80 . Philbrick , Nathaniel ( 2006 ) . Mayflower : A Story of Courage , Community , and War . Viking . ISBN 0 - 670 - 03760 - 5 . Usher , Roland G ( 1984 ) . The Pilgrims and their History . Williamstown , Massachusetts : Corner House Publishers . ISBN 0 - 87928 - 082 - 4 . ( originally published in 1918 ) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mayflower . Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Mayflower . Mayflower and Plymouth History Mayflower 400 Women of the Mayflower and Plymouth Colony by Mary Soule Googins , read before the Medford Historical Society , December 19 , 1921 Pilgrim Hall Museum of Plymouth , Massachusetts General Society of Mayflower Descendants The Mayflower And Her Log ; Azel Ames , Project Gutenberg edition . The Mayflower And Her Log ; Azel Ames , Internet Archive edition . Exact arrival site of the Mayflower on Satellite Map and NOAA Chart on BlooSee The Mayflower II Contemporary photos of Plymouth 's Barbican and the Mayflower Steps Pilgrims Point , Plymouth ( UK ) A photo of the modern - day Mayflower Steps Arch and Pilgrims Point `` Mayflower , The '' . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920 . ( hide ) Mayflower passengers and related topics General Mayflower List of Mayflower passengers Captain Christopher Jones Mayflower passengers who died at sea November / December 1620 Mayflower passengers who died in the winter of 1620 -- 21 The More family Cole 's Hill Mayflower Compact signatories Pilgrims Plymouth Colony Of Plymouth Plantation Mourt 's Relation Separatists Priscilla ( Mullins ) Alden Isaac Allerton Mary Allerton William Bradford Dorothy Bradford Love Brewster William Brewster Peter Browne William Butten John Carver ( Plymouth Colony governor ) James Chilton Mary Chilton Francis Cooke Humility Cooper John Crackston Edward Doty Moses Fletcher Edward Fuller Samuel Fuller John Howland Degory Priest Thomas Rogers Henry Samson George Soule Edward Tilley John Tilley Thomas Tinker John Turner William White Resolved White Peregrine White Edward Winslow Other passengers John Alden John Billington Francis Eaton Constance Hopkins Elizabeth Hopkins Oceanus Hopkins Stephen Hopkins Christopher Martin Elinor More Jasper More Mary More Richard More William Mullins Myles Standish Richard Warren Native American associates Squanto Samoset Hobbamock Massasoit Corbitant Related Speedwell Fortune passengers The Anne and Little James passengers Plymouth Rock The Mayflower Society Mayflower House Museum Pilgrim Hall Museum Mayflower II Harwich Mayflower Project National Monument to the Forefathers Pilgrim Monument Thanksgiving History and traditions Canada Samuel de Champlain Martin Frobisher Halifax First Nations United States Pilgrims Mayflower Plymouth Colony Plymouth , Massachusetts Plymouth Rock Native Americans Samoset Squanto Wampanoag Cornucopia National Thanksgiving Proclamation Franksgiving National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation Cape Cod William Penn Massachusetts Sarah Josepha Hale Blackout Wednesday Abraham Lincoln Mourt 's Relation Cuisine Thanksgiving dinner Turkey Deep - fried Tofurkey Stuffing Gravy Butternut squash Apple cider Hazelnuts Cranberry sauce Carrots Mashed potatoes Sweet potatoes Acorn squash Yams Corn Green bean casserole Apple pie Pumpkin pie Pecan pie Sweet potato pie Tamale Songs `` Alice 's Restaurant '' `` Bless This House '' `` Bringing In the Sheaves '' `` Come , Ye Thankful People , Come '' `` For the Beauty of the Earth '' `` Jingle Bells '' `` Let All Things Now Living '' `` Now Thank We All Our God '' `` Over the River and Through the Wood '' `` Simple Gifts '' `` The Thanksgiving Song '' `` We Gather Together '' `` We Plough the Fields and Scatter '' Associated events Cultural Christmas and holiday season Harvest festivals Thanksgiving in film Thanksgiving television specials Winter festivals Lighting of the Macy 's Great Tree World 's Largest Disco Black Friday Parades Novant Health ( Charlotte ) McDonald 's ( Chicago ) America 's ( Detroit ) Oktoberfest ( Kitchener - Waterloo ) Hollywood Christmas ( Los Angeles ) Macy 's ( New York City ) 6abc - Dunkin ' Donuts ( Philadelphia ) Celebrate the Season ( Pittsburgh ) America 's Hometown ( Plymouth ) Protests National Day of Mourning Unthanksgiving Day Buy Nothing Day Sports Football NFL on Thanksgiving Day CFL Thanksgiving Classic English -- Latin rivalry Missouri Turkey Day Game Turkey Day Classic Basketball AdvoCare Invitational Battle 4 Atlantis Wooden Legacy Maui Invitational Tournament Turkey Trots Atlanta Marathon Berwick Run for the Diamonds Buffalo Turkey Trot Dallas Turkey Trot Feaster Five Road Race Manchester Road Race Others National Dog Show Pumpkin chucking Turkey bowling Turkey Night Grand Prix Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayflower&oldid=797873211 '' Categories : English emigration Exploration ships of England Pre-statehood history of Massachusetts History of the Thirteen Colonies History of Plymouth County , Massachusetts Plymouth Colony Plymouth , Massachusetts Ships of England Mayflower Age of Sail individual ships Hidden categories : Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles with specifically marked weasel - worded phrases from November 2016 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Asturianu Беларуская Bikol Central Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Lëtzebuergesch Lumbaart Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 29 August 2017 , at 17 : 30 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the mayflower first come to america | ['The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620.[1] There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown.[2] This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community.[3] There was a second ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times.'] | ['1620'] | The Mayflower was an English ship that famously transported the first English Puritans, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to the New World in 1620.[1] There were 102 passengers, and the crew is estimated to have been about 30, but the exact number is unknown.[2] This voyage has become an iconic story in some of the earliest annals of American history, with its story of death and of survival in the harsh New England winter environment. The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community.[3] There was a second ship named Mayflower that made the London to Plymouth, Massachusetts voyage several times. |
[question]: What was the name of the ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the New World in 1620?
[answer]: The name of the ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the New World in 1620 was the Mayflower. | What was the name of the ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the New World in 1620? | The name of the ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the New World in 1620 was the Mayflower. | 1 | 7.462299 | 20 | 127 | 1 |
6,245 | -4,126,390,519,530,119,000 | Andy Whitfield | Andy Whitfield - Wikipedia Andy Whitfield Jump to : navigation , search Andy Whitfield Whitfield at the San Diego Comic - Con International , July 2010 ( 1971 - 10 - 17 ) 17 October 1971 Amlwch , Anglesey , Wales , UK 11 September 2011 ( 2011 - 09 - 11 ) ( aged 39 ) Sydney , Australia Occupation Actor Years active 2004 -- 2011 Spouse ( s ) Vashti Whitfield ( 2001 -- 2011 ; his death ) Children Andy Whitfield ( 17 October 1971 -- 11 September 2011 ) was a Welsh actor . He was best known for his leading role in the Starz television series Spartacus : Blood and Sand . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life and career 2 Personal life 3 Filmography 4 References 5 External links Early life and career ( edit ) Whitfield was born in Amlwch , Anglesey , Wales . He studied construction at Sheffield Hallam University in England . He moved to Australia in 1999 to work as a construction laborer in Lidcombe , before later settling in Sydney . He appeared in several Australian television series , such as Opening Up , All Saints , The Strip , Packed to the Rafters , and McLeod 's Daughters . Whitfield gained his first prominent role in the Australian supernatural film Gabriel . He also starred in the 2010 television series Spartacus : Blood and Sand , which was filmed in New Zealand . He portrays a version of the historical Spartacus , although in this retelling he is a conscripted soldier condemned to death who defeats all four of his executioners and is thereby recycled as a gladiator . The actual Spartacus , like this fictional version , led a rebellion against the Romans ( the Third Servile War ) . Whitfield also appeared in the Australian thriller The Clinic starring opposite Tabrett Bethell ( of Legend of the Seeker fame ) which was shot in Deniliquin . In August 2010 , Whitfield teamed up with Freddie Wong and created a 2 - minute YouTube video named `` Time Crisis '' , based on the game Time Crisis . Whitfield made a brief , uncredited voice - only appearance in the prequel mini-series Spartacus : Gods of the Arena , which premiered on 21 January 2011 . Personal life ( edit ) Whitfield met Vashti , an Iranian Australian , in London . The couple moved to Sydney and married in 2001 . They had two children together . In March 2010 , Whitfield was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and began undergoing treatment immediately in New Zealand . This delayed production of season two of Spartacus : Vengeance . While waiting for Whitfield 's treatment and expected recovery , the network produced a six - part prequel , Spartacus : Gods of the Arena , with only a brief uncredited voiceover from the actor . Although declared cancer - free in June 2010 , a routine medical check in September 2010 revealed a relapse and Whitfield was compelled to abandon the role . Starz recast Australian actor Liam McIntyre as Whitfield 's successor . Whitfield died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Sydney , Australia , on 11 September 2011 , 18 months after his initial cancer diagnosis . Filmography ( edit ) Film Year Title Role Notes 2007 Gabriel Gabriel The Clinic Cameron Marshall Television Year Title Role Notes All Saints Matthew Parkes `` Opening Up '' ( season 2 , episode 7 ) 2008 The Strip Charlie Palmer Episodes 2 and 7 2008 Packed to the Rafters Nick Leigh `` All in the Planning '' ( season 1 , episode 10 ) 2008 McLeod 's Daughters Brett Samuels `` Nowhere to Hide '' ( season 8 , episode 4 ) Spartacus : Blood and Sand Spartacus Lead role , 13 episodes 2011 Spartacus : Gods of the Arena Spartacus ( voice only , uncredited ) `` The Bitter End '' ( episode 6 ) References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Spartacus star Whitfield dies , age 39 '' . Stuff.com.nz. 12 September 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Spartacus : Vengeance episode 201 ending credits at 54 : 00 time mark Jump up ^ University of Sheffield Alumni Office & Sheffield Hallam University Alumni Office in England . Jump up ^ Crump , Eryl ( 20 September 2010 ) . `` Anglesey - born star pulls out of Spartacus series after cancer returns '' . Daily Post , North Wales News . Archived from the original on 29 September 2012 . Retrieved 25 April 2011 . Jump up ^ Amatangelo , Amy ( 22 January 2010 ) . `` Andy Whitfield : A warrior made '' . Boston Herald . Retrieved 25 January 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Aussie stars in sex and violence epic '' . Ninemsn. 25 January 2010 . Archived from the original on 28 January 2010 . Retrieved 25 January 2010 . Jump up ^ Radish , Christina ( 22 January 2010 ) . `` Interview : Andy Whitfield Talks SPARTACUS : BLOOD AND SAND '' . Inland Empire Strikes Back Fan Club . Archived from the original on 2 March 2010 . Retrieved 25 January 2010 . Jump up ^ Miller , Gerri ( 21 January 2010 ) . `` Ecollywood : Glenn Close , Dwayne ' The Rock ' Johnson , Eric Stoltz , Lucy Lawless and more '' . Ecollywood . Archived from the original on 23 January 2010 . Retrieved 25 January 2010 . Jump up ^ Video on YouTube Jump up ^ Kennedy , Gerrick D. `` ' Spartacus ' : ' Gods of the Arena ' or gods of TV ? '' . TCA Press Tour . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 7 October 2010 . Jump up ^ Knight , Kathryn ( 25 June 2012 ) . `` How could my big , strong TV star husband just wither away ? Widow of Spartacus star Andy Whitfield reveals the heartache behind his death from cancer '' . Mail Online . Retrieved 5 March 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Ausiello , Michael . `` ' Spartacus ' delayed as star Andy Whitfield undergoes cancer treatment '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on 11 March 2010 . Retrieved 7 October 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Non Hodgkin 's Lymphoma Killed ' Spartacus ' Actor Andy Whitfield '' . au.ibtimes.com. 12 September 2011 . Archived from the original on 21 April 2012 . Retrieved 17 August 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ' Spartacus ' Star Andy Whitfield Is Cancer - Free & Ready To Return To The Starz Series '' . Deadline Hollywood . 8 June 2010 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Official Starz statement regarding Andy Whitfield '' . Starz. 19 September 2010 . Archived from the original on 3 September 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Ailing Whitfield leaves ' Spartacus ' '' . upi.com. 17 September 2010 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Liam Mcintyre Chosen To Play Title Role In New ' Spartacus ' '' . Starz.mediaroom.com. 17 January 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Spartacus star Andy Whitfield , 39 , dies in Sydney '' . News.com.au. 12 September 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . External links ( edit ) Andy Whitfield on IMDb BNF : cb157376032 ( data ) GND : 1012189686 ISNI : 0000 0001 1932 9584 LCCN : no2010158362 ICCU : IT \ ICCU \ RAVV \ 573360 SUDOC : 158544455 VIAF : 24930925 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andy_Whitfield&oldid=840928786 '' Categories : 1971 births 2011 deaths Welsh male film actors Welsh male television actors 21st - century Welsh male actors Alumni of Sheffield Hallam University Deaths from cancer in New South Wales Deaths from lymphoma People from Anglesey Welsh expatriates in Australia Hidden categories : Use Australian English from October 2011 All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English Use dmy dates from December 2013 Articles with hCards Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SBN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Lumbaart Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська 中文 27 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 May 2018 , at 00 : 27 . About Wikipedia | who plays spartacus in spartacus blood and sand | ['Andy Whitfield (17 October 1971 – 11 September 2011) was a Welsh actor.[1] He was best known for his leading role in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand.[2]'] | ['Andy Whitfield'] | Andy Whitfield (17 October 1971 – 11 September 2011) was a Welsh actor.[1] He was best known for his leading role in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand.[2] |
[question]: What was Andy Whitfield's most notable role?
[answer]: Andy Whitfield's most notable role was in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. | What was Andy Whitfield's most notable role? | Andy Whitfield's most notable role was in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. | 1 | 7.457891 | 15 | 30 | 1 |
12,159 | -6,276,841,665,973,793,000 | Golden State Warriors | Golden State Warriors - wikipedia Golden State Warriors Jump to : navigation , search Golden State Warriors 2017 -- 18 Golden State Warriors season Conference Western Division Pacific Founded 1946 History Philadelphia Warriors 1946 -- 1962 San Francisco Warriors 1962 -- 1971 Golden State Warriors 1971 -- present Arena Oracle Arena Location Oakland , California Team colors Royal blue , California golden yellow , slate President Rick Welts General manager Bob Myers Head coach Steve Kerr Ownership Joe Lacob ( majority ) , Peter Guber Affiliation ( s ) Santa Cruz Warriors Championships 5 ( 1947 , 1956 , 1975 , 2015 , 2017 ) Conference titles 9 Eastern : 3 ( 1947 , 1948 , 1956 ) Western : 6 ( 1964 , 1967 , 1975 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 ) Division titles 5 ( 1975 , 1976 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 ) Retired numbers 6 ( 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 24 , 42 ) Website www.nba.com/warriors Uniforms Home Away The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland , California . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland . The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals , winning five NBA championships in 1947 , 1956 , 1975 , 2015 and 2017 . Golden State 's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs , and behind only the Boston Celtics ( 17 ) , Los Angeles Lakers ( 16 ) and Chicago Bulls ( 6 ) . As of 2017 , the Warriors are the third most valuable NBA franchise according to Forbes , with an estimated value of $2.6 billion . The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , a founding member of the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . In 1962 , the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed the San Francisco Warriors . In 1971 , the team changed its geographic moniker to Golden State , California 's state nickname . The team is nicknamed the Dubs as a shortening of `` W 's '' . Wilt Chamberlain and Stephen Curry have both been named the NBA 's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Warriors , for a total of three MVP awards . 18 Hall of Famers have played for the Warriors , while four have coached the team . Golden State holds the NBA records for best regular season with 73 -- 9 , best postseason with 16 -- 1 (. 941 winning percentage ) and most wins in a season ( regular season and postseason combined ) with 88 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Franchise history 1.1 Team creation 1.2 1946 -- 1962 : Philadelphia Warriors 1.3 1962 -- 1971 : San Francisco Warriors 1.4 1971 -- 1978 1.5 1978 -- 1987 1.6 1987 -- 1997 1.7 1997 -- 2008 1.7. 1 2006 -- 07 : `` We believe '' season 1.7. 2 2007 -- 08 season 1.8 2008 -- 2011 1.9 2011 -- present : `` Splash Brothers '' era 1.9. 1 2013 -- 14 : Improvements 1.9. 2 2014 -- 15 : From turmoil to champions 1.9. 3 2015 -- 16 : Broken records 1.10 2016 -- present : The `` Fantastic Four '' era 1.11 Move from Oakland back to San Francisco 2 Rivalries 2.1 Cleveland Cavaliers 3 Media 3.1 Television 3.2 Radio 4 Season - by - season records 5 Home arenas 6 Training facilities 7 Head coaches 8 Players 8.1 Current roster 8.2 Retained draft rights 8.3 Retired numbers 8.4 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members 8.5 FIBA Hall of Famers 9 Statistical leaders and awards 9.1 Franchise leaders 9.2 Individual awards 9.3 NBA All - Star Weekend 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links Franchise history Main article : History of the Golden State Warriors Team creation The Warriors were founded in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors , a charter member of the Basketball Association of America . They were owned by Peter A. Tyrrell , who also owned the Philadelphia Rockets of the American Hockey League . Tyrrell hired Eddie Gottlieb , a longtime basketball promoter in the Philadelphia area , as coach and general manager . The owners named the team after the Philadelphia Warriors , an old basketball team who played in the American Basketball League in 1925 . 1946 -- 1962 : Philadelphia Warriors Joe Fulks was the league 's first scoring champion . Led by early scoring sensation Joe Fulks , the team won the championship in the league 's inaugural 1946 -- 47 season by defeating the Chicago Stags , four games to one . The NBA , which was created by a 1949 merger , officially recognizes that as its own first championship . Gottlieb bought the team in 1951 . Wilt Chamberlain averaged 41.5 points per game and 25.1 rebounds per game during his five and a half seasons with the Warriors . The Warriors won its other championship in Philadelphia in the 1955 -- 56 season , defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one . The Warrior stars of this era were future Hall of Famers Paul Arizin , Tom Gola and Neil Johnston . In 1959 , the team signed draft pick Wilt Chamberlain . Known as `` Wilt the Stilt '' , he led the team in scoring six times , quickly began shattering NBA scoring records and changed the NBA style of play forever . On March 2 , 1962 , in a Warrior `` home '' game played on a neutral court in Hershey , Pennsylvania , Chamberlain scored 100 points against the New York Knicks , a single - game record the NBA ranks among its finest moments . 1962 -- 1971 : San Francisco Warriors In 1962 , Franklin Mieuli purchased the majority shares of the team and relocated the franchise to the San Francisco Bay Area , renaming them the San Francisco Warriors . The Warriors played most of their home games at the Cow Palace in Daly City ( the facility lies just south of the San Francisco city limits ) from 1962 to 1964 and the San Francisco Civic Auditorium from 1964 to 1966 , though occasionally playing home games in nearby cities such as Oakland and San Jose . Nate Thurmond averaged over 20 points per game during five different seasons and over 20 rebounds per game during two seasons while with the Warriors . Prior to the 1963 -- 64 NBA season , the Warriors drafted big man Nate Thurmond to go along with Chamberlain . The Warriors won the Western Division crown that season , but lost the 1964 NBA Finals to the Boston Celtics , four games to one . In the 1964 -- 65 season , the Warriors traded Chamberlain to the Philadelphia 76ers for Connie Dierking , Lee Shaffer , Paul Neumann and $150,000 and won only 17 games . In 1965 , they drafted Rick Barry in the first round who went on to become NBA Rookie of the Year that season and then led the Warriors to the NBA finals in the 1966 -- 67 season , losing ( four games to two ) to Chamberlain 's new team that had replaced the Warriors in Philadelphia , the 76ers . Angered by management 's failure to pay him certain incentive bonuses he felt were due him , Barry sat out the 1967 -- 68 season and signed with the Oakland Oaks of the rival American Basketball Association for the following year , but after four seasons in the ABA rejoined the Warriors in 1972 . During Barry 's absence , the Warriors were no longer title contenders , and the mantle of leadership fell to Thurmond , Jeff Mullins and Rudy LaRusso . They began scheduling more home games in Oakland with the opening of the Oakland Coliseum Arena in 1966 and the 1970 -- 71 season would be the team 's last as the San Francisco Warriors . 1971 -- 1978 The Warriors ' 1974 -- 75 championship banner . The franchise adopted its brand name Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971 -- 72 season , in order to suggest that the team represented the entire state of California . Almost all home games were played in Oakland that season ; six were played in San Diego , but none in San Francisco or Daly City . Oakland Arena became the team 's exclusive home court in 1971 . Rick Barry ( shown in 1976 ) was named the NBA Finals MVP in 1975 . The Warriors made the playoffs from 1971 to 1977 except in 1974 , and won their first NBA championship on the West Coast in 1974 -- 75 . In what many consider the biggest upset in NBA history , Golden State not only defeated the heavily favored Washington Bullets but humiliated them in a four - game sweep . That team was coached by former Warrior Al Attles , and led on the court by Rick Barry and Jamaal Wilkes . Barry was named MVP of the finals . At 59 - 23 , the Warriors had the league 's best record during the 1975 -- 76 season . They were upset , however , by the 42 - 40 Phoenix Suns in seven games in the Western Conference Finals . 1978 -- 1987 Because of the loss of key players such as Barry , Wilkes and Thurmond to trades and retirements , the Warriors struggled to put a competitive team on the court from 1978 to 1987 after being one of the NBA 's dominant teams in the 1960s and most of the 1970s . Through the NBA draft , however , they acquired some players such as high - scoring forward Purvis Short ( 1978 ) , former Purdue center Joe Barry Carroll ( 1980 ) and center Robert Parish ( 1976 ) , who was traded to the Boston Celtics in 1980 along with the draft pick that would become Kevin McHale for the pick used to draft Carroll . In 1983 , the Warriors matched the New York Knicks ' offer for free - agent Bernard King , but , unable to pay his high salary , quickly traded him to the Knicks for guard Micheal Ray Richardson , whom they soon shipped to New Jersey in exchange for former Georgetown Hoya point guard Eric `` Sleepy '' Floyd , and journeyman forward Mickey Johnson . ( Floyd once scored 29 points for the Warriors in the fourth quarter of a playoff game against the Lakers , though he was later traded to the Houston Rockets ) . The departure of these players for various reasons symbolized the franchise 's futility during this period , as head coach Attles moved up to the front office as general manager in 1980 and the team made several coaching changes . New owners Jim Fitzgerald and Dan Finane finally managed to return the team to respectability by hiring former Cleveland Cavaliers head coach George Karl as head coach in 1986 after selecting St. John 's small forward Chris Mullin in the 1985 NBA draft . 1987 -- 1997 A ticket for a 1988 -- 89 game between the Warriors and the Jazz . After a subpar stretch in the late 1970s and early 1980s , the team had a brief resurgence under coach Karl , culminating in a 1987 Western Conference Semifinal match against Magic Johnson and the Los Angeles Lakers which is still shown on TV in the NBA 's Greatest Games series . In the game , Warriors ' All - Star point guard Sleepy Floyd 's performance in the second half still stands as the NBA playoff record for points scored in a quarter ( 29 ) and in a half ( 39 ) . His six consecutive field goals in the fourth quarter led to a 51 - point finish for him and a victory for the Warriors . The `` Sleepy Floyd game '' was a catalyst for increased interest in the NBA in the Bay Area which was furthered by new coach Don Nelson , who engineered another successful string of wins in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the high - scoring trio of point guard Tim Hardaway , guard Mitch Richmond and forward Chris Mullin ( collectively known as `` Run TMC '' after the rap group Run - D.M.C. ) . But `` Run TMC '' stayed together for only two seasons ( winning only one playoff series ) , when coach Nelson , in a move to get a promising young front - court player to complement his run - and - gun system , sent Richmond to the Sacramento Kings for rookie power forward Billy Owens . Nelson had been brought to the Warriors from the Milwaukee Bucks by Jim Fitzgerald , who along with Dan Finnane owned the team between 1986 and 1995 . In 1993 -- 94 , with first - round draft pick and Rookie of the Year power forward Chris Webber playing alongside off - guard Latrell Sprewell , the Warriors made the playoffs . At the start of the next season , however , a rift formed between Webber and Sprewell on the one hand and Nelson on the other . All three soon left the team , and the organization went into a tailspin . 1994 -- 95 was the first season under new team owner Chris Cohan , who had bought out Fitzgerald and Finnane . The Warriors selected power forward prospect Joe Smith as their first overall draft pick in 1995 and hired Rick Adelman as the new head coach . They sent Tim Hardaway and Chris Gatling to the Miami Heat for Kevin Willis and Bimbo Coles midway through the 1995 -- 96 season , and ended up with a 36 -- 46 record , three wins short of making the playoffs . While their home court , the Oakland Coliseum Arena , was being extensively renovated , the 1996 -- 97 Warriors played their home games in the San Jose Arena and struggled to a 30 -- 52 finish . Longtime Seton Hall college coach P.J. Carlesimo , who had been recently fired by the Portland Trail Blazers , replaced Adelman as head coach for 1997 -- 98 . Sprewell was suspended for the remainder of the 1997 -- 98 season for losing his temper and choking Carlesimo during a team practice in December , generating the glaring newspaper headline `` WARRIORS HIT ROCK BOTTOM '' and the declaration by GM Garry St. Jean that Sprewell would never play for the Warriors again . He would not play in the NBA again until he was dealt in January 1999 to the New York Knicks for John Starks , Chris Mills and Terry Cummings . 1997 -- 2008 St. Jean had become the new Warriors ' GM in July 1997 ; he and his predecessor Dave Twardzik received much of the blame for the Warriors ' struggles early in Cohan 's turbulent tenure as owner in addition to Cohan himself . St. Jean brought in players such as Terry Cummings , John Starks and Mookie Blaylock who were well past their primes . Twardzik drafted several flops , such as Todd Fuller ( while Kobe Bryant was still available as well as Steve Nash and Jermaine O'Neal ) and Steve Logan ( who never played an NBA game ) . In the following draft , the team selected Adonal Foyle while Tracy McGrady was still available . St. Jean did , however , draft future two - time NBA slam dunk champion off - guard Jason Richardson ( from Michigan State ) , a Warriors ' star scorer through the 2006 -- 07 season . For a few years , with rising stars Richardson , small forward Antawn Jamison and point guard Gilbert Arenas leading the team , the Warriors seemed like a team on the rise ; but the young Warriors did not have enough in the competitive Western Conference to make the playoffs . After the 2002 -- 03 season , St. Jean 's earlier mistakes of committing money to players like Danny Fortson , Adonal Foyle and Erick Dampier were painfully felt by Warriors ' fans when the team was unable to re-sign Arenas despite his desire to stay in the Bay Area . A new rule was implemented in response to second - round draft picks who quickly become superstars . Chris Mullin succeeded St. Jean with the title of Executive Vice President of Basketball Operations in 2004 . He hoped to build a winning team around Jason Richardson , Mike Dunleavy Jr and Troy Murphy , and drafted 7 - foot center Andris Biedriņš from Latvia ( 11th overall ) . At the 2005 trading deadline , he bolstered to the team with the acquisition of point guard Baron Davis , bringing to the team its first superstar since Mullin himself . The Warriors enjoyed a great start to the 2005 -- 06 season , entering the new year with a plus . 500 winning percentage for the first time since 1994 , but managed to win only 13 more games through the end of March due to injuries . Davis often found himself at odds with new head coach Mike Montgomery ( used to dealing with college players in his long tenure at Stanford ) and failed to remain healthy , playing in just 54 games . On April 5 , 2006 , the Warriors were officially eliminated from playoff contention in a 114 -- 109 overtime loss to the Hornets , extending their playoff drought to 12 seasons . 2006 -- 07 : `` We Believe '' season Entering the 2006 -- 07 season , the Warriors held the active record ( 12 ) for the most consecutive seasons without a playoff appearance ( see Active NBA non-playoff appearance streaks ) . During the 2006 off - season , Golden State announced that it had bought out the remaining two years of coach Montgomery 's contract and hired previous Golden State and former Dallas Mavericks coach Don Nelson to take over for him . During training camp , small forward Matt Barnes established himself in the rotation . On January 17 , 2007 , the Warriors traded the disappointing Murphy and Dunleavy with promising young power forward Ike Diogu and Keith McLeod to the Indiana Pacers for forward Al Harrington , forward / guard Stephen Jackson , guard Šarūnas Jasikevičius and forward Josh Powell . This trade allowed the Warriors to `` run and gun '' their way to the playoffs with a more athletic and talented team . On March 4 , 2007 , the Warriors suffered a 106 -- 107 loss in Washington , the Wizards handing them their 6th straight loss when former Warrior Arenas hit a technical free throw with less than one second remaining after Nelson had protested a controversial call with the Warriors ahead by a slim margin . The loss dropped them to 26 -- 35 . March 4 marked the turning point for the Warriors . The Warriors closed out the regular season ( 42 -- 40 ) at 16 -- 5 in their last 21 games . `` We Believe '' became the Warriors ' slogan for the last two months of the season and the playoffs . Led by a healthy Baron Davis , an ever - improving Jason Richardson and young future star off - guard Monta Ellis as well as center Biedriņš , the Warriors immediately dashed the highly favored top - seed Dallas Mavericks ' expectations of a short and easy series win with a Game 1 victory in Dallas thanks to Davis ' frantic style of play . The Mavericks came back to win Game 2 easily to tie the series at a game apiece , but the Warriors won both Games 3 & 4 with a huge lift from the home crowd at Oracle Arena . A close Game 5 saw the Mavericks eke out a 118 -- 112 victory with a last - minute surge led by superstar forward Dirk Nowitzki to send the series back to California at 3 -- 2 . In Game 6 , the Warriors engineered a third - quarter 18 -- 0 run to eliminate the Mavericks and become the NBA 's first No. 8 seed to beat a No. 1 seed in a seven - game series ( and the first NBA No. 8 seed to beat the top seed since 1999 when the New York Knicks eliminated the Miami Heat ) . It was an upset in name only , given the fact that the Warriors had swept the Mavericks in the regular season series . The Warriors went on to play the Utah Jazz in the second round of the 2006 -- 07 playoffs , where they dropped two close games at EnergySolutions Arena to open the series . The series then shifted to the Oracle Arena , where the Warriors won Game 3 in a convincing blowout . Davis scored 32 points and electrified the crowd with a monster dunk on Jazz forward Andrei Kirilenko late in the fourth quarter , but they lost Game 4 at home , their first loss in Oakland in well over a month and the Jazz closed them out in Game 5 in Salt Lake City . 2007 -- 08 season The Warriors faced early difficulties in their attempt to return to the playoffs . Richardson was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats for rookie Brandan Wright . To make things even worse , Jackson was suspended for seven games over a firearm incident . They opened the 2007 -- 08 season with six straight losses , but Ellis ' rise , Davis ' solid injury - free season ( 21.6 points , 8 assists , 4.6 rebounds per game ) , and an overall improvement in team chemistry brought them back to playoff contention ; but in the end the Warriors failed to make the playoffs despite a 48 -- 34 season , which is the best record in NBA history for a non-playoff team since the NBA playoffs had expanded to eight teams per conference . The Western Conference was very strong that season ; every playoff team won 50 games , leaving the Warriors two games out of the last playoff spot . The Warriors sold out nearly every home game during the season averaging 19,631 per game , the highest in team history . 2008 -- 2011 In the offseason , Baron Davis opted to return to his home town and sign with the Los Angeles Clippers . With the 14th pick of the 2008 NBA draft , the Warriors selected and signed Anthony Randolph out of LSU . To compensate for the loss of Davis , the Warriors signed free agents Corey Maggette and Ronny Turiaf and re-signed Ellis and Andris Biedriņš to long - term contracts . The Warriors had a disappointing 2008 -- 2009 season , finishing 29 -- 53 . Ellis was injured in a moped accident , and suspended for 30 games for riding the vehicle against the terms of his contract , depriving the Warriors of their top player . They traded disenchanted forward Al Harrington to the New York Knicks for guard Jamal Crawford , and were undone by injuries and the minimal experience of their young players such as Anthony Morrow and Brandan Wright . Coach Nelson often had to make adjustments to the starting lineups since many of the original starters missed games due to injuries . Despite the team 's losing record , the Warriors were hard to beat when they had a healthy lineup and a strong bench . With leadership and improvement in their young players , they were sometimes able to defeat powerhouse teams such as the Boston Celtics , 99 - 89 . During the 2009 off - season , Warrior ownership declined to renew the contract of general manager Mullin . Larry Riley , Nelson 's longtime assistant coach , was promoted in his place and drafted Stephen Curry as an outstanding 7th lottery pick , but dubiously traded Jamal Crawford to the Atlanta Hawks for Acie Law and Speedy Claxton . The Warriors had another injury - prone year in 2009 -- 10 . as they were consistently unable to field their ideal starting lineup . In November , a malcontented Stephen Jackson and seldom - used Acie Law were traded to the Charlotte Bobcats for Raja Bell ( out for the season with an injury ) and Vladimir Radmanovic . Four days later , they signed center Chris Hunter . Starting in January 2010 , they issued multiple 10 - day contracts , most notably to power forward Anthony Tolliver from the Idaho Stampede . Due to their multiple injuries , they were granted an exception allowing them to sign Reggie Williams from the Sioux Falls Skyforce to a 10 - day contract on March 2 , making it their fifth D - League call - up that season , tying an NBA record . They eventually waived the injured Bell to sign Williams for the rest of the year , and finished the season 26 -- 56 , fourth in the Pacific Division . On June 24 , the Warriors selected Ekpe Udoh , a power forward from Baylor , as the 6th pick of the 2010 NBA draft . They also introduced a modernized version of their `` The City '' logo depicting the new eastern span of the San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge , and switched to a simplified color scheme of royal blue and gold . They also introduced new uniforms reminiscent of the 1969 -- 71 `` The City '' uniforms . The Warriors made an offseason trade that sent Turiaf , Randolph and Kelenna Azubuike to the New York Knicks in return for star high - scoring power forward David Lee via a sign - and - trade . Lee agreed to a six - year , $80 million deal , on a framework contingent on the decision of superstar forward LeBron James to leave the Cleveland Cavaliers to sign with the Miami Heat that same day . Following Morrow 's departure after he signed the New Jersey Nets ' offer sheet , the Warriors signed Dorell Wright , formerly with the Miami Heat , to a three - year , $11 million deal . On July 15 , owner Chris Cohan sold the Warriors to Peter Guber of Mandalay Entertainment and his partner Joe Lacob for a then - record $450 million . On November 15 , the Warriors announced the new 19 - person ownership group composed of Joe Lacob , Peter Guber , Vivek Ranadivé , Erika Glazer , Fred Harman , Bob Piccinini , Larry Bowman , Danny German , Marty Glick , Chad Hurley , Craig R. Johnson , Bruce Karsh , Jeffrey A. Miller , Paul Schaeffer , David Scially , Nick Swinmurn , Harry Tsao , John Walecka and Dennis Wong . The Warriors gathered together during the team 's starting lineup ceremony prior to their 2011 -- 12 exhibition opener against the Sacramento Kings . The Warriors continued their signing spree by adding Harvard guard Jeremy Lin to their roster with a one - year partially guaranteed contract containing a second - year team option , the first Taiwanese - American player in NBA history . Louis Amundson was then added for little under $5 million in mid-September . Keith Smart was hired as head coach that same month after Nelson had resigned before the start of training camp . In February 2011 , the Warriors traded Brandan Wright and Dan Gadzuric for Troy Murphy and a 2011 second - round pick . On February 27 , Murphy and the Warriors reached a buyout agreement and he was waived . During a steady season without making any real ground in the playoff race , the Warriors broke franchise records with 21 made 3 's in a win against the Orlando Magic . In April 2011 , Dorell Wright made a franchise record of 184 3 's in a season in a home win versus Los Angeles Lakers , surpassing Richardson 's 183 in 2005 -- 06 . He then broke another NBA record , as the first player to have scored more points in his seventh season than in all his first six seasons combined in a win against the Portland Trail Blazers . He ended the season with the most three - pointers made in the NBA that season with 194 , as well as the most 3s attempted with 516 , both of which set new Warrior franchise records . The Warriors failed to make the playoffs after a 36 - win season in 2010 -- 11 , and coach Smart was dismissed on April 27 due to the change in ownership . 17 - year NBA veteran and former ABC and ESPN commentator Mark Jackson replaced him as head coach on June 6 . On December 19 , they traded Amundson to the Indiana Pacers for small forward Brandon Rush . 2011 -- present : `` Splash Brothers '' era The `` Splash Brothers '' : Stephen Curry ( left ) and Klay Thompson ( right ) The Warriors did not improve in the 2011 -- 12 NBA season under coach Jackson , finishing the lockout - shorted season with a 23 -- 43 record , 13th in the conference . The team suffered several injuries to key players , and due to the lockout , Jackson could not establish his system in training camp . They then entered into another chaotic rebuilding phase . Team leader Monta Ellis was traded in mid-March 2012 , along with Kwame Brown and Ekpe Udoh , to the Milwaukee Bucks for center Andrew Bogut ( out injured for the season ) and former Warrior small forward Stephen Jackson , who without playing a game for the Warriors was quickly traded to the San Antonio Spurs for Richard Jefferson and a conditional first - round pick on March 15 . These moves saw the rise of Stephen Curry and David Lee to team co-captains , and saw off - guard Klay Thompson , the 11th overall pick of the 2011 NBA draft , move into a starting role . On July 11 , they acquired point guard Jarrett Jack from the New Orleans Hornets in a three - team trade also including the Philadelphia 76ers , who received Dorell Wright from Golden State . On August 1 , they signed forward Carl Landry on the termination of his one - year contract with the Hornets . In the 2012 NBA draft , they selected small forward Harrison Barnes with the 7th overall pick , center Festus Ezeli with the 30th pick , small forward Draymond Green 35th overall , and 7 - foot 1 - inch center Ognjen Kuzmic 52nd overall . In early November , swingman Rush was lost for the year with a torn ACL after falling awkwardly on the court early in the second game of the season , and less than a month later the team announced that Bogut was out indefinitely with a foot injury that was more serious than originally reported . Bogut did not return to regular play until late in the season . Coming out of this maelstrom of trades and injuries with a team starting two rookies ( Barnes and Ezeli ) , the Warriors had one of their best starts in decades , earning their 20th win before hitting the 30 - game mark for the first time since 1992 . The Warriors also achieved a milestone by completing their first ever 6 -- 1 road trip in franchise history , including a 97 -- 95 win over the defending champion Heat in Miami . On April 9 , 2013 , with a win over the Minnesota Timberwolves , the Warriors clinched the playoffs for the second time in 19 years and the first time since the 2006 -- 07 `` We believe '' Warriors . This time , the local battlecry was `` we belong '' . The team finished the season with a record of 47 -- 35 , earning the sixth seed in the Western Conference , and defeated the Denver Nuggets in the first round of the playoffs by winning four out of six games . They lost in the second round to the San Antonio Spurs , four games to two . This was the first playoff experience for all of the starters of this group except for Andrew Bogut . Other highlights of the season included Stephen Curry 's 272 three - point baskets to set an NBA single - season record , giving him the nickname `` baby - faced assassin '' , and the naming of forward David Lee to the 2013 NBA All - Star Game as a reserve , ending the team 's 16 - year drought without an All Star selection , dating back to Latrell Sprewell in the 1997 season . Curry and Klay Thompson , dubbed the `` Splash Brothers '' by team employee Brian Witt for their backcourt shooting prowess , combined for 483 three - pointers during the season , easily besting the prior record of 435 set by the Orlando Magic 's Nick Anderson and Dennis Scott in 1995 -- 96 . 2013 -- 14 : improvements With their lone selection in the 2013 NBA draft , the Warriors made 22 - year - old Serbian combo - guard Nemanja Nedovic the 30th and final pick of the first round . In early July 2013 , Golden State signed former Denver Nuggets swingman and free agent Andre Iguodala to a four - year , $48 million deal . To make room under their salary cap , the Warriors traded Richard Jefferson , Andris Biedrins and Brandon Rush , along with multiple draft picks , including their 2014 and 2017 first - round picks , to the Utah Jazz . The Warriors lost free - agent guard Jarrett Jack , who departed for the Cleveland Cavaliers , and free agent power forward Carl Landry , who went to the Sacramento Kings . To help fill the void left by Landry , the Warriors signed forward - center Marreese Speights to a three - year , $10 million contract . The team also signed one - year deals with veteran center Jermaine O'Neal ( $2 million ) and point guard Toney Douglas ( $1.6 million ) . On August 21 , the Warriors signed 7 ft 1 in Serbian center Ognjen Kuzmic , who had been playing in Europe since his selection in the 2012 NBA draft , to a guaranteed two - year deal . The Warriors began the 2013 -- 14 season showing flashes of brilliance and also plenty of lapses . In early December their record was 12 -- 9 , as compared to 17 -- 4 the year before . One challenging factor was a tough starting schedule that saw them play 14 of their first 22 games on the road , including 10 games against teams holding playoff spots in the standings . A stream of injuries also held the team back , including injuries to Festus Ezeli ( off - season surgery to repair the right knee , out for the season ) , Toney Douglas ( left tibia stress reaction , out nearly a month from mid-November to December ) , and Jermaine O'Neal ( right wrist injury and surgery , out from mid-November to early February ) . Stephen Curry and Harrison Barnes were also out for at least four games before the all - star break , each with minor injuries . Most prominently of all , Iguodala suffered a hamstring pull in late November that kept him out for over a month , during which time the Warriors ' performance suffered significantly on both the defensive and offensive ends of the court , and the team posted a losing 5 -- 7 record while revealing a lack of depth on their bench . With Iguodala back in the lineup , the Warriors went on a 10 - game winning streak , which included six consecutive wins on a single road trip , tying an NBA record . The winning streak was the longest for the franchise since the 1975 championship year , and just one short of the team record of 11 consecutive wins , set in the 1971 -- 72 season . To strengthen their underperforming bench , the Warriors made a three - team trade on January 15 , sending Douglas to the Miami Heat and picking up guards Jordan Crawford and MarShon Brooks from the Boston Celtics and then , a day before the trade deadline , trading Kent Bazemore and Brooks to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for veteran point guard Steve Blake . Thanks in part to the improved effectiveness of their backup squad , boosted by the additions of Blake and Crawford and the play of 35 - year - old Jermaine O'Neal ( who returned sooner than expected from wrist surgery ) , the Warriors were one of the winningest teams in the NBA after the all - star break . Nonetheless , and despite several victories over top contenders , the team displayed a pattern of losing games to inferior teams even at their home arena . On April 11 , in a 112 -- 95 stomping of the Los Angeles Lakers at the Staples Center , the Warriors clinched a playoff berth in consecutive seasons for the first time since 1991 and 1992 . However , just one day earlier in a loss against the Portland Trail Blazers , Andrew Bogut suffered a cracked rib that would keep him out of the post-season , a big blow to the sixth - seed Warriors ' playoff hopes . The Warriors ended the season 51 -- 31 , winning more than 50 games for only the fourth time in franchise history , finishing 20 games over . 500 for the first time in 22 years , and tying the 1991 -- 92 squad for the franchise 's all - time mark of 24 wins on the road . Even without Bogut , in the first round of the playoffs the Warriors battled the third - seed Los Angeles Clippers to a seventh and deciding game , which the Warriors lost , bringing their 2013 -- 14 season to an end . It was season of many thrilling moments in which the Warriors ' played in 17 regular - season games decided by 2 points or less , 6 games with winning shots in the final 3 seconds , and 7 comeback wins in which the Warriors had been behind by 15 points or more . In other noteworthy occurrences for the season , Curry was named to the starting lineup for the 2014 NBA All - Star Game . For Curry , the only Warrior named to the team , this was his first all - star appearance in five seasons as an NBA player . Curry hit another notable milestone in posting 4 triple - doubles for the season , tying a franchise record unequaled since Wilt Chamberlain in 1963 -- 64 . Curry also averaged career - bests in points and assists ; averaging 24.0 points and 8.5 assists in the season . Curry and Klay Thompson continued to set league records in three - point shooting . On February 7 , in a 102 -- 87 win over the Chicago Bulls , the backcourt duo became the first teammates to each make a three - pointer in 30 consecutive games . Curry , who finished the season with 261 threes , set an individual record for most three - pointers in a span of two seasons with 533 , surpassing the previous mark of 478 set by Seattle Supersonic Ray Allen in 2004 -- 05 and 2005 -- 06 . Together , Thompson and Curry combined for 484 threes on the year , besting by one the NBA record they had set the year before . 2014 -- 15 : from turmoil to champions Even as the team rolled towards the post-season , signs emerged of trouble in the Warriors ' front office . On March 25 , the team reassigned assistant coach Brian Scalabrine to the team 's NBA Development League Affiliate in Santa Cruz because of what head coach Mark Jackson called a `` difference in philosophies '' and what unnamed league sources cited by Yahoo ! Sports called `` an increasingly dysfunctional atmosphere '' on the Warriors ' coaching staff . Fewer than two weeks later , assistant coach Darren Erman was fired for secretly recording conversations between coaches , staff and players . During the post season , rumors persisted in the press that Mark Jackson 's job as head coach was in jeopardy , leading the players to make a unanimous declaration of support for Jackson 's return only minutes after the Warriors ' first - round , game seven playoff loss to the Clippers . Nonetheless , three days later , on May 6 , the team announced the firing of Mark Jackson as head coach . In his three - season tenure as head coach , Jackson compiled a 121 - 109 (. 526 ) record , overseeing a terrific turnaround . When Jackson took the helm in 2011 , the franchise had made the playoffs only one time over the prior 17 seasons , averaging 30.2 wins per season during that period . Jackson , 49 , became just the third head coach in franchise history to lead a team to at least 50 wins in a season , joining Don Nelson and Alvin Attles , who both hit the mark twice with the Warriors . With 121 wins overall , Jackson ranks fourth on the franchise 's all - time wins list , trailing Attles ( 557 ) , Nelson ( 422 ) and Eddie Gottlieb ( 263 ) . On May 14 , 2014 , the Golden State Warriors named Steve Kerr the team 's head coach in a reported $25 million deal over five years . It was a first - time head - coaching position for Kerr , 48 , a five - time NBA champion point guard who holds the all - time career record for accuracy in three - point shooting (. 454 ) . Kerr formerly served as president and general manager for the Phoenix Suns basketball team ( 2007 to 2010 ) , and had most recently been working as an NBA broadcast analyst for Turner Network Television ( TNT ) . The Warriors completed the regular season with a record of 67 - 15 , the best in the league and the most wins in franchise history . The Warriors also finished with a home record of 39 -- 2 , the second best in NBA history . They were first in defensive efficiency for the season and second in offensive efficiency , barely missing the mark that the Julius Erving led Sixers achieved by being first in both offensive and defensive efficiency . On May 4 , Stephen Curry was named the 2014 -- 15 NBA Most Valuable Player , the first Warrior to do so since Wilt Chamberlain in 1960 . In the first round of the playoffs , they swept the New Orleans Pelicans , defeated Memphis Grizzlies in the second round in six games and defeated Houston Rockets in five games of the Western Conference Finals . The Warriors advanced to their first NBA Finals since 1975 , where they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games to win their fourth NBA title , and their first in 40 years . Andre Iguodala was named Finals MVP . Other highlights of the season included Stephen Curry breaking his own record for three - pointers made in a single season with 286 . He and Klay Thompson made a combined 525 three - pointers , the most by a duo in NBA history . In the postseason , Curry shattered Reggie Miller 's record of 58 made three - pointers in a single postseason with 98 . On January 23 , 2015 , Klay Thompson broke an NBA record for points in a quarter with 37 in the third . Curry was also the leader in the voting polls for the 2015 NBA All - Star Game , won the 2014 -- 15 NBA Most Valuable Player award and the 2015 ESPYs Best Male Athlete award . 2015 -- 16 : broken records Draymond Green was an All - NBA Second Team member in 2015 -- 16 The Warriors began the season by winning their first 24 games , eclipsing the previous best start in NBA history , set by the 1993 -- 94 Houston Rockets and the 1948 -- 49 Washington Capitols at 15 -- 0 . The Warriors surpassed the 1969 -- 70 New York Knicks for the best road start in NBA history at 14 -- 0 , which is also the joint - third longest road win streak . Their record - setting start ended when they were defeated by the Milwaukee Bucks on December 12 , 2015 . The Warriors broke a 131 - year - old record of 20 -- 0 set by the 1884 St. Louis Maroons baseball team , to claim the best start to a season in all of the major professional sports in America . Golden State also won 28 consecutive regular - season games dating back to the 2014 -- 15 season , eclipsing the 2012 -- 13 Miami Heat for the second longest winning streak in NBA history . The team set an NBA record 54 - straight regular season home game winning streak , which spanned from January 31 , 2015 , to March 29 , 2016 . The previous record of 44 was held by the 1995 -- 96 Chicago Bulls team led by Michael Jordan . Stephen Curry , Draymond Green and Klay Thompson were all named to the All - Star Game , the first time the Warriors have had three All - Stars since 1976 . Green broke the Golden State franchise record of nine triple - doubles in a season . Curry broke numerous three - point records during the season , including his own NBA record for made three - pointers in a season of 286 ; he finished the season with 402 three pointers . He made a three - pointer in 151 consecutive games , which broke the NBA record of 127 set by Kyle Korver in 2014 . On February 27 , 2016 , Curry also tied the NBA record of twelve three - pointers made in a single game , jointly holding it with Donyell Marshall and Kobe Bryant . On April 13 , 2016 , Golden State set the record for most wins in a single season , beating Memphis , and finishing 73 - 9 . On May 10 , 2016 , Stephen Curry was named the NBA 's Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) for the second straight season . Curry is the 11th player to win back - to - back MVP honors and became the first player in NBA history to win the MVP award by unanimous vote , winning all 131 first - place votes . The Golden State Warriors went to their second consecutive appearance in the finals with a rematch against the Cleveland Cavaliers . The Warriors went to a 3 - 1 advantage but the Cavaliers made a comeback to tie the series at 3 wins apiece . In Game 7 the Golden State Warriors lost the championship series on their homecourt , and earned the unfortunate distinction of becoming the first team to blow a 3 - 1 lead in the NBA finals . 2016 -- present : the `` fantastic four '' era On July 4 , 2016 , Kevin Durant announced he would leave the Oklahoma City Thunder in order to sign a 2 - year contract with the Golden State Warriors . On July 7 , Durant signed his contract , which gave the Warriors a fourth All - NBA player on their team . The Durant signing made the Warriors the prohibitive favorites to win the NBA championship , according to oddsmakers . The Warriors posted many notable achievements during the 2016 -- 17 regular season . On November 7 , 2016 , Stephen Curry set the NBA record for most 3 - pointers in a game with 13 in a 116 - 106 win over the Pelicans . On December 5 , 2016 , Klay Thompson scored 60 points in 29 minutes in a 142 -- 106 victory over the Pacers . In doing so , Thompson became the first player in NBA history to score 60 or more points in fewer than 30 minutes of playing time . Stephen Curry , Kevin Durant , Draymond Green , and Klay Thompson were all named to the 2017 NBA All - Star Game , making the Warriors only the eighth team in NBA history to have four All - Stars . On February 10 , 2017 , Draymond Green recorded a triple - double with 12 rebounds , 10 assists , and 10 steals , becoming the first player in NBA history to post a triple - double with fewer than 10 points . On March 2 , 2017 , the Warriors ' streak for most games without back - to - back losses ended at 146 with a 94 -- 87 loss to the Chicago Bulls . The streak eclipsed the previous record of 95 held by the Utah Jazz . The Warriors earned home - court advantage throughout the 2017 playoffs , thanks to a 2016 -- 17 regular season record of 67 -- 15 . They were the first team in NBA playoff history to start 12 -- 0 , defeating in order the Trail Blazers , the Jazz , and the Spurs . The 2017 Finals once again pitted the Warriors against the Cavaliers , becoming the first time in NBA history that two teams met in the Finals for three consecutive years . The Warriors won the championship after going 4 -- 1 in the Finals , and their 16 -- 1 playoff record garnered the best winning percentage (. 941 ) in NBA playoffs history . Move from Oakland back to San Francisco In April 2014 , the Warriors began the purchase process for a 12 - acre site in Mission Bay , San Francisco , to hold a new 18,000 - seat arena which is expected to be ready for the 2019 - 20 NBA season , with construction to begin in early 2016 . The sale was finalized in October 2015 . The location was selected after an original proposal to construct the arena on Piers 30 and 32 , just south of the Bay Bridge , met with vocal opposition due to concerns about traffic , environmental impacts and obstruction of views . The new location , which still faces some vocal opposition in San Francisco , apparently eliminates the need for any voter approval , which would have been required with the original site . Some type of waterfront park is planned across from the projected arena , which will be located at an already - existing Muni T - Third stop . The Central Subway , planned to open in 2018 , may provide a direct connection between the new site and the downtown Powell Street Muni / BART station . The Golden State Warriors may consider a concurrent name change , possibly returning to their former name of San Francisco Warriors , although the team 's recent success has them reconsidering that decision . On January 27 , 2016 , it was announced that the Warriors ' new arena would be called Chase Center as part of an agreement with JP Morgan Chase . Rivalries Cleveland Cavaliers Main article : Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry Media Television Bob Fitzgerald has done television play - by - play , and former Warrior guard Jim Barnett has done color commentary for the Warriors for more than 15 years , currently on Comcast SportsNet Bay Area , where they telecast more than 70 Warrior games a year . They also host Roundtable Live , a half - hour pre-game show leading up to the broadcast of select Golden State home games . Fitzgerald is in his 16th season as the Warriors ' play - by - play man , while Barnett is in his 27th season as color man . Greg Papa , Garry St. Jean , and Kelenna Azubuike are also members of the telecast team , specializing in in - game , halftime and post-game analysis , while Rosalyn Gold - Onwude serves as the sideline reporter . Radio Tim Roye has done the radio play - by - play for Warrior games since 1995 . He is joined in the booth by former Warriors forward Tom Tolbert for home games only . On August 25 , 2016 , the Warriors announced they were leaving long time station KNBR and all of their games will be broadcast on KGMZ . After each game , Roye , Fitzgerald and Barnett get together for post-game radio analysis and a next - game preview . Season - by - season records Main article : List of Golden State Warriors seasons Home arenas Philadelphia Arena ( 1946 -- 1962 ) Philadelphia Convention Hall ( 1952 -- 1962 ) Cow Palace ( 1962 -- 1964 , 1966 -- 1971 and two games in 1975 NBA Finals ) San Francisco Civic Auditorium ( 1964 -- 1966 ) USF War Memorial Gymnasium ( 1964 -- 1966 ) San Diego Sports Arena ( 1971 -- 1972 -- six games ) San Jose Arena ( 1996 -- 1997 ) Coliseum Arena / The Arena in Oakland / Oracle Arena ( 1966 -- 1967 , 1971 -- 1996 and 1997 -- present ) Chase Center ( 2019 , planned ) Training facilities The team trains at Oakland Convention Center , Oakland , California . Head coaches Main article : List of Golden State Warriors head coaches Coaching history Coach Tenure Edward Gottlieb 1946 -- 1955 George Senesky 1955 -- 1958 Al Cervi 1958 -- 1959 Neil Johnston 1959 -- 1961 Frank McGuire 1961 -- 1962 Bob Feerick 1962 -- 1963 Alex Hannum 1963 -- 1966 Bill Sharman 1966 -- 1968 George Lee 1968 -- 1970 Al Attles 1970 -- 1980 Johnny Bach 1980 Al Attles 1980 -- 1983 Johnny Bach 1983 -- 1986 George Karl 1986 -- 1988 Ed Gregory Don Nelson 1988 -- 1995 Bob Lanier 1995 Rick Adelman 1995 -- 1997 P.J. Carlesimo 1997 -- 1999 Garry St. Jean 1999 -- 2000 Dave Cowens 2000 -- 2001 Brian Winters 2001 -- 2002 Eric Musselman 2002 -- 2004 Mike Montgomery 2004 -- 2006 Don Nelson 2006 -- 2010 Keith Smart 2010 -- 2011 Mark Jackson 2011 -- 2014 Steve Kerr 2014 -- present Players Main article : Golden State Warriors all - time roster Current roster Golden State Warriors roster Players Coaches Pos . No . Name Height Weight DOB ( YYYY - MM - DD ) From 5.5 ! F / C 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 Bell , Jordan 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 225 lb ( 102 kg ) 1995 - 01 - 07 Oregon 5.5 ! F / C 7001250000000000000 ♠ 25 Boucher , Chris ( TW ) 7000208279999999999 ♠ 6 ft 10 in ( 2.08 m ) 200 lb ( 91 kg ) 1993 - 01 - 11 Oregon 4.0 ! F 7001180000000000000 ♠ 18 Casspi , Omri 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 225 lb ( 102 kg ) 1988 - 06 - 22 Israel 1.5 ! G 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 Cleveland , Antonius 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 195 lb ( 88 kg ) 1994 - 02 - 02 Southeast Missouri State 1.5 ! G 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 Curry , Stephen ( C ) 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 190 lb ( 86 kg ) 1988 - 03 - 14 Davidson 4.0 ! F 7001350000000000000 ♠ 35 Durant , Kevin 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 240 lb ( 109 kg ) 1988 - 09 - 29 Texas 1.5 ! G 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 Gbinije , Michael 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 200 lb ( 91 kg ) 1992 - 06 - 05 Syracuse 4.0 ! F 7001230000000000000 ♠ 23 Green , Draymond 7000203200000000000 ♠ 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) 230 lb ( 104 kg ) 1990 - 03 - 04 Michigan State 1.5 ! G 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 Hamilton , Alex 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 195 lb ( 88 kg ) 1993 - 10 - 05 Louisiana Tech 2.5 ! G / F 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 Iguodala , Andre ( C ) 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 215 lb ( 98 kg ) 1984 - 01 - 28 Arizona 5.5 ! F / C 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 Jones , Damian 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 245 lb ( 111 kg ) 1995 - 06 - 30 Vanderbilt 1.5 ! G 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 Livingston , Shaun 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 192 lb ( 87 kg ) 1985 - 09 - 11 Peoria Central HS ( IL ) 4.0 ! F 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 Looney , Kevon 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 220 lb ( 100 kg ) 1996 - 02 - 06 UCLA 1.5 ! G 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0 McCaw , Patrick 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 185 lb ( 84 kg ) 1995 - 10 - 25 UNLV 6.0 ! C 7000100000000000000 ♠ 1 McGee , JaVale 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 270 lb ( 122 kg ) 1988 - 01 - 19 Nevada 4.0 ! F 7001310000000000000 ♠ 31 Niang , Georges 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 231 lb ( 105 kg ) 1993 - 06 - 17 Iowa State 6.0 ! C 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 Pachulia , Zaza 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 275 lb ( 125 kg ) 1984 - 02 - 10 Georgia 1.5 ! G 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 Thompson , Klay 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 215 lb ( 98 kg ) 1990 - 02 - 08 Washington State 4.0 ! F 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 West , David 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 250 lb ( 113 kg ) 1980 - 08 - 29 Xavier 2.5 ! G / F 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 Young , Nick 7000200659999999999 ♠ 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) 210 lb ( 95 kg ) 1985 - 06 - 01 Southern California Head coach Steve Kerr Assistant coach ( es ) Ron Adams Jarron Collins Mike Brown ( associate HC ) Chris DeMarco ( player development ) Bruce Fraser ( player development ) Willie Green ( player development ) Legend ( C ) Team captain ( DP ) Unsigned draft pick ( FA ) Free agent ( S ) Suspended ( GL ) On assignment to G League affiliate ( TW ) Two - way affiliate player Injured Roster Transactions Last transaction : 2017 - 07 - 05 Retained draft rights The Warriors hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA . A drafted player , either an international draftee or a college draftee , who is n't signed by the team that drafted him , is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams . In this case , the team retains the player 's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player 's contract with the non-NBA team ends . This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams . Draft Round Pick Player Pos . Nationality Current team Note ( s ) Ref Retired numbers Golden State Warriors retired numbers No . Player Position Tenure 13 Chamberlain , Wilt Wilt Chamberlain 1959 -- 1965 14 Meschery , Tom Tom Meschery 1961 -- 1967 16 Attles , Al Al Attles 1960 -- 1971 17 Mullin , Chris Chris Mullin G / F 1985 -- 1997 , 2000 -- 2001 24 Barry , Rick Rick Barry 1965 -- 1967 , 1972 -- 1978 42 Thurmond , Nate Nate Thurmond 1963 -- 1974 Notes : Includes Chamberlain 's tenure ( 1959 -- 62 ) in Philadelphia . Includes Meschery 's tenure ( 1961 -- 62 ) in Philadelphia . Includes Attles ' tenure ( 1960 -- 62 ) in Philadelphia . He also served as head coach from 1969 to 1983 . Also general manager from 2004 to 2009 . Meschery , Attles , Barry , Thurmond and Mullin are also members of the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame . Naismith memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members Golden State Warriors Hall of Famers Players No . Name Position Tenure Inducted No . Name Position Tenure Inducted 17 Andy Phillip G / F 1950 -- 1953 1961 00 Robert Parish 1976 -- 1980 2003 14 Tom Gola F / G 1955 -- 1962 1976 17 Chris Mullin G / F 1985 -- 1997 2000 -- 2001 2011 10 Joe Fulks 1946 -- 1954 1978 41 Jamaal Wilkes 1974 -- 1977 2012 11 Paul Arizin F / G 1950 -- 1962 1978 50 Ralph Sampson C / F 1987 -- 1989 2012 13 Wilt Chamberlain 1959 -- 1965 1978 30 Bernard King 1980 -- 1982 2013 16 Jerry Lucas F / C 1969 -- 1971 1980 25 Guy Rodgers 1958 -- 1966 2014 42 Nate Thurmond F / C 1963 -- 1974 1985 23 Mitch Richmond 1988 -- 1991 2014 24 Rick Barry 1965 -- 1967 1972 -- 1978 13 Šarūnas Marčiulionis 1989 -- 1994 2014 6 Neil Johnston 1951 -- 1959 10 Jo Jo White 1979 -- 1980 2015 Coaches No . Name Position Tenure Inducted No . Name Position Tenure Inducted -- Frank McGuire Coach 1961 -- 1962 1977 -- Bill Sharman Coach 1966 -- 1968 -- Alex Hannum Coach 1963 -- 1966 1998 -- Don Nelson Coach 1988 -- 1995 2006 -- 2010 2012 Contributors No . Name Position Tenure Inducted No . Name Position Tenure Inducted -- Eddie Gottlieb Founder / Owner 1946 -- 1962 1972 -- Pete Newell Scout 1977 -- 1984 1979 Arizin , Fulks , Gola , Johnston and Phillip played all or most of their tenure with the Warriors in Philadelphia . Rodgers ' tenure was evenly divided between Philadelphia and San Francisco , and Chamberlain 's nearly so . King ( Knicks ) , Lucas ( Knicks ) , Parish ( Celtics ) , Richmond ( Kings ) , Sampson ( University of Virginia and Rockets ) , White ( Celtics ) , and Wilkes ( Lakers ) were elected mostly for their performances with other teams . Marčiulionis played most of his NBA career with Golden State , but his induction is also for his distinguished international career ( Statyba , USSR , and Lithuania ) . Of those elected to the hall primarily as Warriors , only Thurmond , Barry and Mullin spent significant time with the team since the 1971 move to Oakland and the name change to `` Golden State '' . FIBA Hall of Famers Golden State Warriors Hall of Famers Players No . Name Position Tenure Inducted 13 Šarūnas Marčiulionis 1989 -- 1994 2015 Statistical leaders and awards Franchise leaders Career Leaders Category Player Statistics Games Played Chris Mullin 807 Points Wilt Chamberlain 17,783 Rebounds Nate Thurmond 12,771 Assists Guy Rodgers 4,855 Steals Chris Mullin 1,360 Blocks Adonal Foyle 1,140 Field Goals Wilt Chamberlain 7,216 Field Goal Percentage Andris Biedrins . 595 3 - Point Field Goals Stephen Curry 1,917 3 - Point Field Goal Percentage Anthony Morrow . 460 Free Throws Paul Arizin 5,010 Free Throw Percentage Stephen Curry . 902 Points Per Game Wilt Chamberlain 41.5 Rebounds Per Game Wilt Chamberlain 25.1 Assists Per Game Tim Hardaway 9.3 Steals Per Game Rick Barry 2.3 Blocks Per Game Manute Bol 3.7 Individual awards Most Valuable Player Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 Stephen Curry -- 2015 , 2016 NBA Finals MVP Rick Barry -- 1975 Andre Iguodala -- 2015 Kevin Durant -- 2017 NBA Scoring Champion Joe Fulks -- 1947 Paul Arizin -- 1952 , 1957 Neil Johnston -- 1953 -- 1955 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 -- 1964 Rick Barry -- 1967 Stephen Curry -- 2016 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Draymond Green -- 2017 NBA Rookie of the Year Woody Sauldsberry -- 1958 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 Rick Barry -- 1966 Jamaal Wilkes -- 1975 Mitch Richmond -- 1989 Chris Webber -- 1994 NBA Most Improved Player of the Year Gilbert Arenas -- 2003 Monta Ellis -- 2007 NBA Executive of the Year Dick Vertlieb -- 1975 Bob Myers - 2015 , 2017 NBA Coach of the Year Alex Hannum -- 1964 Don Nelson -- 1992 Steve Kerr -- 2016 NBA Sportsmanship Award Stephen Curry -- 2011 NBA Community Assist Award Stephen Curry -- 2014 All - NBA First Team Joe Fulks -- 1947 -- 1949 Howie Dallmar -- 1948 Paul Arizin -- 1952 , 1956 , 1957 Neil Johnston -- 1953 -- 1956 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 -- 1962 , 1964 Rick Barry -- 1966 , 1967 , 1974 -- 1976 Chris Mullin -- 1992 Latrell Sprewell -- 1994 Stephen Curry -- 2015 , 2016 All - NBA Second Team Joe Fulks -- 1951 Andy Phillip -- 1952 , 1953 Jack George -- 1956 Neil Johnston -- 1957 Tom Gola -- 1958 Paul Arizin -- 1959 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1963 Rick Barry -- 1973 Phil Smith -- 1976 Bernard King -- 1982 Chris Mullin -- 1989 , 1991 Tim Hardaway -- 1992 Stephen Curry -- 2014 , 2017 Draymond Green -- 2016 Kevin Durant -- 2017 All - NBA Third Team Chris Mullin -- 1990 Tim Hardaway -- 1993 David Lee -- 2013 Klay Thompson -- 2015 , 2016 Draymond Green -- 2017 NBA All - Defensive First Team Nate Thurmond -- 1969 , 1971 Andre Iguodala -- 2014 Draymond Green -- 2015 -- 2017 NBA All - Defensive Second Team Rudy LaRusso -- 1969 Nate Thurmond -- 1972 -- 1974 Phil Smith -- 1976 Jamaal Wilkes -- 1976 , 1977 E.C. Coleman -- 1978 Latrell Sprewell -- 1994 Andrew Bogut -- 2015 NBA All - Rookie First Team Nate Thurmond -- 1964 Fred Hetzel -- 1966 Rick Barry -- 1966 Jamaal Wilkes -- 1975 Gus Williams -- 1976 Joe Barry Carroll -- 1981 Larry Smith -- 1981 Mitch Richmond -- 1989 Tim Hardaway -- 1990 Billy Owens -- 1992 Chris Webber -- 1994 Joe Smith -- 1996 Marc Jackson -- 2001 Jason Richardson -- 2002 Stephen Curry -- 2010 Klay Thompson -- 2012 Harrison Barnes -- 2013 NBA All - Rookie Second Team Latrell Sprewell -- 1993 Donyell Marshall -- 1995 Antawn Jamison -- 1999 NBA All - Star Weekend NBA All - Star selections Paul Arizin -- 1951 , 1952 , 1955 -- 1962 Joe Fulks -- 1951 , 1952 Andy Phillip -- 1951 , 1952 Neil Johnston -- 1953 -- 1958 Jack George - 1956 , 1957 Woody Sauldsberry -- 1959 Tom Gola -- 1960 -- 1962 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 -- 1965 Tom Meschery -- 1963 Guy Rodgers -- 1963 , 1964 , 1966 Nate Thurmond -- 1965 -- 1968 , 1970 , 1973 , 1974 Rick Barry -- 1966 , 1967 , 1973 -- 1978 Jim King - 1968 Clyde Lee - 1968 Rudy LaRusso -- 1968 , 1969 Jeff Mullins -- 1969 -- 1971 Jerry Lucas -- 1971 Cazzie Russell -- 1972 Jamaal Wilkes -- 1976 Phil Smith -- 1976 , 1977 Bernard King - 1982 Sleepy Floyd -- 1987 Joe Barry Carroll -- 1987 Chris Mullin -- 1989 -- 1993 Tim Hardaway -- 1991 -- 1993 Latrell Sprewell -- 1994 , 1995 , 1997 David Lee -- 2013 Stephen Curry -- 2014 -- 2017 Klay Thompson -- 2015 -- 2017 Draymond Green -- 2016 , 2017 Kevin Durant -- 2017 NBA All - Star Game head coach Alex Hannum -- 1965 Bill Sharman -- 1968 Al Attles -- 1975 , 1976 Don Nelson -- 1992 Steve Kerr -- 2015 , 2017 NBA All - Star Game MVP Paul Arizin -- 1952 Wilt Chamberlain -- 1960 Rick Barry -- 1967 Slam Dunk Contest Jason Richardson -- 2002 , 2003 Three - Point Contest Stephen Curry -- 2015 Klay Thompson -- 2016 Notes Jump up ^ Philadelphia was 1947 league championship finalist -- and won the inaugural 1947 BAA Finals -- not as Eastern champion but as winner of the runners - up bracket . The Eastern and Western champions met in one best - of - seven semifinal series while four runners - up played best - of - three series to determine the other league finalist . The Warriors were second in the East , won the runners - up bracket , and defeated the Western champion Chicago . Next year the Baltimore Bullets won the runners - up bracket and defeated the Eastern champion Warriors in the 1948 BAA Finals . `` 1946 -- 47 BAA Season Summary '' . `` 1947 -- 48 BAA Season Summary '' . Basketball-Reference.com . Retrieved 2015 - 03 - 01 . ^ Jump up to : After three seasons the eastern BAA merged with the older , midwestern National Basketball League ( NBL ) to create the NBA prior to the 1949 -- 50 season . The NBA recognizes BAA history as the first stage of its own and begins its list of champions with the 1947 Warriors . `` NBA Season Recaps '' . NBA History ( nba.com/history ) . July 1 , 2014 . Retrieved 2015 - 06 - 24 . ^ Jump up to : California made `` The Golden State '' its official state nickname in 1968 . `` California State Symbols '' . California State Library . May 10 , 2015 . Retrieved May 11 , 2015 . References Jump up ^ `` Warriors All - Time Yearly Results '' . Golden State Warriors 2016 - 17 Media Guide . Golden State Warriors . Retrieved January 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` History : Team by Team '' ( PDF ) . Official National Basketball Association Guide 2016 - 17 . National Basketball Association . September 23 , 2016 . Retrieved March 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NBA.com/Stats -- Golden State Warriors seasons '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved January 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors Unveil New Logo , Color Scheme And Branding Elements '' . Golden State Warriors . June 17 , 2010 . Retrieved June 8 , 2017 . The colors of the new logos and branding elements are Warriors Royal Blue and California Golden Yellow . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors Reproduction Guideline Sheet '' . NBA Properties , Inc . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mli45fhhid/3-golden-state-warriors/#2cad73613c68 ^ Jump up to : `` Behind The Name -- Warriors '' . National Basketball Association . May 10 , 2015 . Retrieved May 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Sherwood Strauss , Ethan ( June 20 , 2014 ) . `` To make splash , Dubs must break up duo '' . ESPN . Retrieved May 31 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kale Williams ; Jenna Lyons ( April 14 , 2016 ) . `` Warriors fans delirious after basking in historic night '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved May 31 , 2016 . Jump up ^ The Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia . Villard Books . 1994 . p. 29 . ISBN 0 - 679 - 43293 - 0 . Jump up ^ The Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia , . Villard Books . 1994 . p. 33 . ISBN 0 - 679 - 43293 - 0 . Jump up ^ `` Behind The Name -- Warriors '' . Retrieved May 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Chamberlain scores 100 in 1962 game versus Knicks '' . National Basketball Association . March 2 , 2013 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Rick Barry Bio '' . National Basketball Association . May 3 , 2015 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors 2014 - 15 Media Guide '' ( PDF ) . National Basketball Association . October 10 , 2014 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Fainaru - Wada , Mark ( February 10 , 2002 ) . `` The man who owns the Warriors / Cohan 's rocky reign / An era marked by lost games , lost fans and endless litigation '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ `` Pacers make 8 - player trade with Warriors '' . Indiana Pacers . January 17 , 2007 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Warriors @ Trail Blazers Recap On April 18 , the Warriors clinched their first playoff berth since 1994 with a resounding 120 -- 98 win in the regular season finale at Portland . Jump up ^ Thompson , Marcus , II ( April 27 , 2007 ) . `` Warriors fan is behind ' We Believe ' campaign '' . Contra Costa Times . Archived from the original on 2007 - 07 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN Baron Davis Player Card '' . ESPN . 1979 - 04 - 13 . Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Larry Riley Q + A : Getting to Know GState 's GM '' . Retrieved 30 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Simmons , Rusty ( April 15 , 2010 ) . `` Limp to Victory Is Fitting Finish '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ `` Lacob , Guber have deal to buy Warriors '' . Associated Press . July 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Joe Lacob on the New Era Warriors : `` Something very special is happening already '' Talking Points `` . Blogs.mercurynews.com. 2010 - 11 - 15 . Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 16 . Jump up ^ Kawakami , Tim ( February 27 , 2011 ) . `` Breaking news : Warriors buy out Troy Murphy ( and why it 's a wise move ) '' . San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved February 28 , 2011 . Murphy had to be waived before Tuesday to remain eligible for a playoff roster on a new team . CLARIFICATION : There is a later deadline for signing with a new team . Jump up ^ `` Warriors , Murphy reach buyout agreement '' . National Basketball Association . Associated Press . February 28 , 2011 . Retrieved February 28 , 2011 . Jump up ^ ANTONIO GONZALEZ , AP Sports Writer Apr 27 , 6 : 19 pm EDT . `` Warriors promise change , cut ties with coach Smart -- NBA -- Yahoo ! Sports '' . Sports.yahoo.com . Retrieved 2011 - 06 - 16 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Warriors Name Mark Jackson Head Coach '' . Golden State Warriors . June 6 , 2011 . Retrieved June 16 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors head to Denver lacking playoff experience '' . NBA . Apr 18 , 2013 . Retrieved 2013 - 04 - 27 . Jump up ^ `` Splash Brothers Take On the World '' . Golden State Warriors . October 17 , 2014 . Retrieved October 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Origin of Stephen Curry 's and Klay Thompson 's ' Splash Brothers ' nickname '' . Yahoo ! Sports . February 13 , 2015 . Retrieved February 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors get guard Nemanja Nedovic with 30th pick in draft '' . mercurynews.com . Jump up ^ Tafur , Vic ( July 5 , 2013 ) . `` Warriors Make Trade Agree to Deal with Iguodala '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved July 5 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gonzalez , Antonio ( July 8 , 2013 ) . `` AP Source : Warriors to sign Marreese Speights '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ Young , Royce ( July 9 , 2013 ) . `` Report : Jermaine O'Neal , Toney Douglas to Sign with Warriors '' . CBS Sports.com . Jump up ^ `` B&H Basketball Player Ognjen Kuzmić is the New Player of the Golden State Warriors '' . Sarajevo Times . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors closing in on being a defensive power '' . mercurynews.com . Jump up ^ JayPatt . `` Bosnian center Ognjen Kuzmic signs with Warriors , according to report '' . SBNation.com . Vox Media . Jump up ^ `` Boston Celtics trade Jordan Crawford , MarShon Brooks to Golden State Warriors '' . ESPN.com . Jump up ^ `` Warriors acquire Steve Blake from Lakers '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . February 19 , 2014 . Retrieved April 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 2013 - 14 Top Games : Part 1 '' . Golden State Warriors . May 3 , 2015 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bleacher Report Milestones . `` Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson Each Make Three - Pointer in 30 Consecutive Games '' . Bleacher Report . Jump up ^ Simmons , Rusty ( March 27 , 2014 ) . `` Assistant Scalabrine reassigned after clash with Jackson '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors coach Mark Jackson forces reassignment of assistant Brian Scalabrine '' . Yahoo ! Sports . March 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Report : Darren Erman fired from Warriors for secret recordings '' . CBSSports.com . Jump up ^ `` Warriors ' players fully support their coach '' . SFGate . Jump up ^ `` Mark Jackson fired by Golden State Warriors '' . Golden State Warriors . Jump up ^ Zach Buckley . `` Golden State Warriors Firing Mark Jackson Would Be Massive Mistake '' . Bleacher Report . Jump up ^ `` Warriors Relieve Head Coach Mark Jackson of His Duties '' . Golden State Warriors . May 6 , 2014 . Retrieved May 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Steve Kerr accepts reported five - year , $25 M offer from Warriors '' . CBSSports.com . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors Franchise Index '' . Basketball Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 21 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Golden State Warriors 105 - 97 Cleveland Cavaliers : LeBron James loses in NBA Finals for the fourth time as Warriors win first championship in 40 years '' . Daily Mail . 17 June 2015 . Retrieved 18 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors Make History With 16th `` Straight Win '' `` . New York Times . November 25 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Best NBA starts '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved November 24 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Longest Road Win Streaks '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved December 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Over '' . NBA.com . December 12 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Longest Home Win Streaks '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved December 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` NBA Individual Regular Season Records for 3 - Point Field Goals '' . basketball-reference.com . Retrieved April 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Grizzlies vs. Warriors - Game Recap - April 13 , 2016 - ESPN '' . ESPN.com. April 14 , 2016 . Retrieved April 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Stephen Curry Named 2015 - 16 Kia NBA Most Valuable Player '' . Warriors.com . May 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors Advance to Second Consecutive NBA Finals -- Golden State Warriors '' . Jump up ^ `` Game 6 of the NBA Finals as it happened '' . Jump up ^ Gallo , D.J. ( June 20 , 2016 ) . `` Cleveland Cavaliers beat Golden State Warriors : NBA finals Game 7 -- as it happened '' . Jump up ^ `` Kevin Durant to sign with Warriors '' . ESPN . 4 July 2016 . Retrieved 8 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors Sign Free Agent Forward Kevin Durant '' . Golden State Warriors. 8 July 2016 . Retrieved 9 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Durant Effect : Warriors heavy 2017 favourites '' . 5 July 2016 . Retrieved 9 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Stephen Curry hits NBA - record 13 3 - pointers '' . Golden State Warriors. 8 November 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Klay Thompson Pours In 60 Points , in Just 29 Minutes '' . New York Times . 6 December 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Four all - stars ? ! ? Warriors join rare NBA company '' . Mercury News . 26 January 2017 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors ' Draymond Green records one - of - a-kind triple - double with rebounds , assists and steals '' . NBA . 10 February 2017 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors ' historic streak snapped with loss to Bulls '' . SFGATE. 2 March 2017 . Retrieved 20 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Purdy : Put a pause on the dynasty talk -- and just enjoy this Warriors title '' . Mercury News . Retrieved June 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors shift arena plans to Mission Bay '' . SFGate . Jump up ^ `` New San Francisco Golden State Warriors arena Chase Center '' . KRON4 . Jump up ^ Diamond Leung ( April 15 , 2015 ) . `` Warriors expect to break ground on new San Francisco arena in 2016 '' . Retrieved April 15 , 2015 . The Warriors are hoping to break ground on their new arena project shortly after the start of 2016 and have the venue completed in July or August 2018 , team president Rick Welts said Tuesday . Jump up ^ `` Warriors formally purchase Mission Bay site '' . SFGate. 2015 - 10 - 12 . Retrieved 2016 - 05 - 09 . Jump up ^ Knight Perrigan , Heather ( May 22 , 2012 ) . `` Golden State Warriors owners make a risky play '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved May 22 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Board gives Warriors ' arena initial green light '' . The San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ Feldman , Dan ( April 25 , 2014 ) . `` Golden State Warriors consider name change '' . NBC sports . Retrieved April 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ http://sports.inquirer.net/234540/nba-warriors-coo-says-no-final-decision-on-san-francisco-name-change Jump up ^ `` Future Warriors arena to be named Chase Center '' . NBA.com . Retrieved January 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Bob Fitzgerald '' . Golden State Warriors . October 28 , 2010 . Retrieved June 16 , 2011 . Jump up ^ http://www.sfgate.com/warriors/article/Warriors-drop-KNBR-head-to-95-7-The-Game-9184253.php Jump up ^ Dineen , J.K. `` Warriors arena to be named Chase Center -- bank buys naming rights '' . SFGate.com . Retrieved January 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Coon , Larry . `` NBA Salary Cap FAQ -- 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2014 . If the player is already under contract to , or signs a contract with a non-NBA team , the team retains the player 's draft rights for one year after the player 's obligation to the non-NBA team ends . Essentially , the clock stops as long as the player plays pro ball outside the NBA . Jump up ^ `` Hanging From the Rafters '' . NBA.com . Jump up ^ `` Mullin 's No. 17 jersey retired by Warriors in halftime ceremony '' , 19 March 2012 External links National Basketball Association portal San Francisco Bay Area portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Golden State Warriors . Official website Golden State Warriors Founded in 1946 Played in Philadelphia ( 1946 -- 1962 ) and San Francisco ( 1962 -- 1971 ) Based in Oakland , California Franchise Franchise Team history All - time roster Draft history Seasons Head coaches Current season Arenas Philadelphia Arena Philadelphia Convention Hall Cow Palace San Francisco Civic Auditorium War Memorial Gymnasium ( University of San Francisco ) San Jose Arena Oracle Arena Chase Center General managers Tyrell Gottlieb Feerick Vertlieb Stirling Attles Nelson Twardzik St. Jean Mullin Riley Myers G League affiliate Santa Cruz Warriors Retired numbers 13 14 16 17 24 42 Hall of Famers Paul Arizin Rick Barry Wilt Chamberlain Joe Fulks Tom Gola Neil Johnston Jerry Lucas Šarūnas Marčiulionis Chris Mullin Mitch Richmond Don Nelson Robert Parish Andy Phillip Guy Rodgers Ralph Sampson Nate Thurmond Jamaal Wilkes NBA Championships ( 5 ) 1947 1956 2015 2017 Conference Championships ( 9 ) 1947 1948 1956 1964 1967 2015 2016 2017 Culture / lore Wilt the Stilt 100 point game Nate the Great Nellie Ball Run TMC The Sleepy Floyd game Splash Brothers Death lineup Warrior Girls 73 -- 9 The Block Rivalries Cleveland Cavaliers Media TV NBC Sports Bay Area Radio KGMZ Announcers Bob Fitzgerald Jim Barnett Tim Roye Links to related articles Philadelphia / San Francisco / Golden State Warriors seasons 1940s 1946 -- 47 1947 -- 48 1948 -- 49 1950s 1949 -- 50 1950 -- 51 1951 -- 52 1952 -- 53 1953 -- 54 1954 -- 55 1955 -- 56 1956 -- 57 1957 -- 58 1958 -- 59 1960s 1959 -- 60 1960 -- 61 1961 -- 62 1962 -- 63 1963 -- 64 1964 -- 65 1965 -- 66 1966 -- 67 1967 -- 68 1968 -- 69 1970s 1969 -- 70 1970 -- 71 1971 -- 72 1972 -- 73 1973 -- 74 1974 -- 75 1975 -- 76 1976 -- 77 1977 -- 78 1978 -- 79 1980s 1979 -- 80 1980 -- 81 1981 -- 82 1982 -- 83 1983 -- 84 1984 -- 85 1985 -- 86 1986 -- 87 1987 -- 88 1988 -- 89 1990s 1989 -- 90 1990 -- 91 1991 -- 92 1992 -- 93 1993 -- 94 1994 -- 95 1995 -- 96 1996 -- 97 1997 -- 98 1998 -- 99 2000s 1999 -- 00 2000 -- 01 2001 -- 02 2002 -- 03 2003 -- 04 2004 -- 05 2005 -- 06 2006 -- 07 2007 -- 08 2008 -- 09 2010s 2009 -- 10 2010 -- 11 2011 -- 12 2012 -- 13 2013 -- 14 2014 -- 15 2015 -- 16 2016 -- 17 2017 -- 18 Bold indicates NBA Finals victory Relocated National Basketball Association teams Tri-Cities Blackhawks -- Milwaukee Hawks ( 1951 ) Milwaukee Hawks -- St. Louis Hawks ( 1955 ) Fort Wayne Pistons -- Detroit Pistons ( 1957 ) Rochester Royals -- Cincinnati Royals ( 1957 ) Minneapolis Lakers -- Los Angeles Lakers ( 1960 ) Philadelphia Warriors -- San Francisco Warriors ( 1962 ) Chicago Zephyrs -- Baltimore Bullets ( 1963 ) Syracuse Nationals -- Philadelphia 76ers ( 1963 ) St. Louis Hawks -- Atlanta Hawks ( 1968 ) San Diego Rockets -- Houston Rockets ( 1971 ) Cincinnati Royals -- Kansas City -- Omaha Kings ( 1972 ) Baltimore Bullets -- Capital Bullets ( 1973 ) Kansas City -- Omaha Kings -- Kansas City Kings ( 1975 ) Buffalo Braves -- San Diego Clippers ( 1978 ) New Orleans Jazz -- Utah Jazz ( 1979 ) San Diego Clippers -- Los Angeles Clippers ( 1984 ) Kansas City Kings -- Sacramento Kings ( 1985 ) Vancouver Grizzlies -- Memphis Grizzlies ( 2001 ) Charlotte Hornets -- New Orleans Hornets ( 2002 ) New Orleans Hornets -- New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets ( 2005 ) New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets -- New Orleans Hornets ( 2007 ) Seattle SuperSonics -- Oklahoma City Thunder ( 2008 ) National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Boston Celtics Brooklyn Nets New York Knicks Philadelphia 76ers Toronto Raptors Central Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Indiana Pacers Milwaukee Bucks Southeast Atlanta Hawks Charlotte Hornets Miami Heat Orlando Magic Washington Wizards Western Conference Northwest Denver Nuggets Minnesota Timberwolves Oklahoma City Thunder Portland Trail Blazers Utah Jazz Pacific Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns Sacramento Kings Southwest Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets Memphis Grizzlies New Orleans Pelicans San Antonio Spurs Annual events Draft Summer League Christmas Day All - 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where is the home court of the golden state warriors | ["The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947,[b] 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6). As of 2017, the Warriors are the third most valuable NBA franchise according to Forbes, with an estimated value of $2.6 billion.[6]"] | ['Oracle Arena in Oakland'] | The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947,[b] 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6). As of 2017, the Warriors are the third most valuable NBA franchise according to Forbes, with an estimated value of $2.6 billion.[6] |
[question]: What is the name of the arena where the Golden State Warriors play their home games?
[answer]: The Golden State Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. | What is the name of the arena where the Golden State Warriors play their home games? | The Golden State Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. | 1 | 7.454791 | 14 | 117 | 1 |
26,098 | -8,556,712,875,739,147,000 | Cristiano Ronaldo | Cristiano Ronaldo - wikipedia Cristiano Ronaldo Portuguese footballer For the Brazilian footballer , see Ronaldo ( Brazilian footballer ) . This name uses Portuguese naming customs . The first or maternal family name is Santos and the second or paternal family name is Aveiro . Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo with Portugal at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Full name Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro Date of birth ( 1985 - 02 - 05 ) 5 February 1985 ( age 33 ) Place of birth Funchal , Madeira , Portugal Height 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) Playing position Forward Club information Current team Juventus Number 7 Youth career 1992 -- 1995 Andorinha 1995 -- 1997 Nacional 1997 -- 2002 Sporting CP Senior career * Years Team Apps ( Gls ) 2002 -- 2003 Sporting CP B ( 0 ) 2002 -- 2003 Sporting CP 25 ( 3 ) 2003 -- 2009 Manchester United 196 ( 84 ) 2009 -- 2018 Real Madrid 292 ( 311 ) 2018 -- Juventus 0 ( 0 ) National team Portugal U15 9 ( 7 ) 2001 -- 2002 Portugal U17 7 ( 5 ) 2003 Portugal U20 5 ( 1 ) 2002 -- 2003 Portugal U21 10 ( 3 ) Portugal U23 ( 2 ) 2003 -- Portugal 154 ( 85 ) Honours ( show ) Men 's football Representing Portugal UEFA European Championship 2004 Portugal 2012 Poland & Ukraine 2016 France FIFA Confederations Cup 2017 Russia * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19 May 2018 ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 30 June 2018 This article is part of a series about Cristiano Ronaldo Portuguese professional footballer International goals Career achievements Comparisons to Lionel Messi Namesakes Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport Galaxy CR7 Museu CR7 Films Cristiano Ronaldo : The World at His Feet Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM ( European Portuguese : ( kɾiʃˈtjɐnu ʁoˈnaɫdu ) ; born 5 February 1985 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and the Portugal national team . Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo has a record - tying five Ballon d'Or awards , the most for a European player , and is the first player to win four European Golden Shoes . He has won 26 trophies in his career , including five league titles , five UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship . A prolific goalscorer , Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in Europe 's top - five leagues ( 395 ) , the UEFA Champions League ( 120 ) , the UEFA European Championship ( 9 ) , as well as those for most assists in the UEFA Champions League ( 34 ) and the UEFA European Championship ( 6 ) . He has scored over 670 senior career goals for club and country . Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira , Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15 . He underwent an operation to treat his condition , and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 22 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations and at age 23 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . In 2009 , Ronaldo was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth € 94 million ( £ 80 million ) . In Madrid , Ronaldo won 15 trophies , including two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , four UEFA Champions League titles , two UEFA Super Cups , and three FIFA Club World Cups. Real Madrid 's all - time top goalscorer , Ronaldo scored a record 34 La Liga hat - tricks , including a record - tying eight hat - tricks in the 2014 -- 15 season and is the only player to reach 30 goals in six consecutive La Liga seasons . After joining Madrid , Ronaldo finished runner - up for the Ballon d'Or three times , behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival , before winning back - to - back Ballons d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . After winning the 2016 and 2017 Champions Leagues , Ronaldo secured back - to - back Ballons d'Or again in 2016 and 2017 . A historic third consecutive Champions League followed , making Ronaldo the first player to win the trophy five times . In 2018 , he signed for Juventus in a transfer worth € 100 million , the highest fee ever paid for a player over 30 years old , and the highest ever paid by an Italian club . A Portuguese international , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015 . He made his senior debut for Portugal in 2003 at age 18 , and has since had over 150 caps , including appearing and scoring in eight major tournaments , becoming Portugal 's most capped player and his country 's all - time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal at Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , leading Portugal to their first - ever triumph in a major tournament by winning Euro 2016 , and received the Silver Boot as the second - highest goalscorer of the tournament , before becoming the highest European international goalscorer of all - time . One of the most marketable athletes in the world , he was ranked the world 's highest - paid athlete by Forbes in 2016 and 2017 , as well as the world 's most famous athlete by ESPN in 2016 , 2017 and 2018 . Contents 1 Early life 2 Club career 2.1 Sporting CP 2.2 Manchester United 2.2. 1 2003 -- 07 : Development and breakthrough 2.2. 2 2007 -- 09 : Collective and individual success 2.3 Real Madrid 2.3. 1 2009 -- 13 : World record transfer and La Liga championship 2.3. 2 2013 -- 15 : Consecutive FIFA Ballon d'Or wins and La Décima 2.3. 3 2015 -- 17 : All - time Real Madrid top scorer and La Undécima 2.3. 4 2017 -- 18 : A record fifth Champions League title and fifth Ballon d'Or 2.4 Juventus 2.4. 1 2018 -- present 3 International career 3.1 2001 -- 07 : Youth level and early international career 3.2 2007 -- 12 : Assuming the captaincy 3.3 2012 -- 16 : All - time Portugal top scorer and European champion 3.4 2016 -- present : Post-European Championship victory , and World Cup 4 Player profile 4.1 Style of play 4.2 Reception 4.3 Comparisons to Lionel Messi 5 Outside football 6 Personal life 6.1 Family and relationships 6.2 Philanthropy 6.3 Controversies 7 Career statistics 7.1 Club 7.2 International 8 Honours and achievements 8.1 Club 8.2 International 8.3 Individual 8.3. 1 Awards 8.3. 2 Performances 8.3. 3 Orders 8.4 Records 8.4. 1 World 8.4. 2 Continental 8.4. 3 Spain 8.4. 4 Portugal 8.4. 5 Real Madrid 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Early life Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was born in São Pedro , Funchal , Portugal and grew up in the Funchal parish of Santo António , as the youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro , a cook , and José Dinis Aveiro , a municipal gardener and a part - time kit man . His second given name , `` Ronaldo '' , was chosen after then - U.S. president Ronald Reagan . He has one older brother , Hugo , and two older sisters , Elma and Liliana Cátia . His great - grandmother on his father 's side , Isabel da Piedade , was from São Vicente , Cape Verde . Ronaldo grew up in a Catholic and impoverished home , sharing a room with his brother and sisters . As a child , Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha from 1992 to 1995 , where his father was the kit man , and later spent two years with Nacional . In 1997 , aged 12 , he went on a three - day trial with Sporting CP , who signed him for a fee of £ 1,500 . He subsequently moved from Madeira to Alcochete , near Lisbon , to join Sporting 's other youth players at the club 's football academy . By age 14 , Ronaldo believed he had the ability to play semi-professionally , and agreed with his mother to cease his education in order to focus entirely on football . While popular with other students at school , he had been expelled after throwing a chair at his teacher , who he said had `` disrespected '' him . However , one year later , he was diagnosed with a racing heart , a condition that could have forced him to give up playing football . Ronaldo underwent cardiac surgery where a laser was used to cauterise multiple electrical pathways altering his resting heart rate . He was discharged from the hospital hours after the procedure and resumed training a few days later . Club career Sporting CP Ronaldo memorabilia at Sporting CP 's museum At age 16 , Ronaldo was promoted from Sporting 's youth team by first - team manager László Bölöni , who was impressed with his dribbling . He subsequently became the first player to play for the club 's under - 16 , under - 17 and under - 18 teams , the B team , and the first team , all within a single season . A year later , on 7 October 2002 , Ronaldo made his debut in the Primeira Liga , against Moreirense , and scored two goals in their 3 -- 0 win . Over the course of the 2002 -- 03 season , his representatives suggested the player to Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier and Barcelona president Joan Laporta . Manager Arsène Wenger , who was interested in signing the winger , met with him at Arsenal 's grounds in November to discuss a possible transfer . Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson , however , determined to acquire Ronaldo on a permanent move urgently , after Sporting defeated United 3 -- 1 at the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in August 2003 . Initially , United had just planned to sign Ronaldo and then loan him back to Sporting for a year . Having impressed the Manchester United players , however , they urged Ferguson to sign him . After the game , Ferguson agreed to pay Sporting £ 12.24 million for what he considered to be `` one of the most exciting young players '' he had ever seen . A decade after his departure from the club , in April 2013 , Sporting honoured Ronaldo by selecting him to become their 100,000 th member . Manchester United 2003 -- 07 : development and breakthrough Ronaldo became Manchester United 's first - ever Portuguese player when he signed before the 2003 -- 04 season . His transfer fee of £ 12.24 million made him , at the time , the most expensive teenager in English football history . Although he requested the number 28 , his number at Sporting , he received the number 7 shirt , which had previously been worn by such United players as George Best , Eric Cantona and David Beckham . Wearing the number 7 became an extra source of motivation for Ronaldo . A key element in his development during his time in England proved to be his manager , Alex Ferguson , of whom he later said , `` He 's been my father in sport , one of the most important and influential factors in my career . '' Ronaldo made his debut in the Premier League in a 4 -- 0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers on 16 August 2003 , receiving a standing ovation when he came on as a 60th - minute substitute for Nicky Butt . His performance earned praise from George Best , who hailed it as `` undoubtedly the most exciting debut '' he had ever seen . Ronaldo scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free - kick in a 3 -- 0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November . Three other league goals followed in the second half of the campaign , the last of which came against Aston Villa on the final day of the season , a match in which he also received his first red card . Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring the opening goal in United 's 3 -- 0 victory over Millwall in the FA Cup final , earning his first trophy . Ronaldo playing against Chelsea in the Premier League during his third season in England At the start of 2005 , Ronaldo played two of his best matches of the 2004 -- 05 season , producing a goal and an assist against Aston Villa and scoring twice against rivals Arsenal . After scoring four goals in United 's run to the FA Cup final , he played the full 120 minutes of the decisive match against Arsenal , which ended in a goalless draw , and scored his attempt in the lost penalty shootout . Ronaldo scored three braces during the next campaign , the 2005 -- 06 season , scoring two goals each against Bolton Wanderers , Fulham , and Portsmouth . He scored Manchester United 's 1000th Premier League goal on 29 October , their only strike in a 4 -- 1 loss to Middlesbrough . Midway through the season , in November , he signed a new contract which extended his previous deal by two years to 2010 . Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football , the Football League Cup , after scoring the third goal in United 's 4 -- 0 final victory over Wigan Athletic . During his third season in England , Ronaldo was involved in several incidents . He had a one - match ban imposed on him by UEFA for a `` one - fingered gesture '' towards Benfica fans , and was sent off in the Manchester derby -- a 3 -- 1 defeat -- for kicking Manchester City 's former United player Andy Cole . Ronaldo clashed with a teammate , striker Ruud van Nistelrooy , who took offence at the winger 's showboating style of play . Following a training ground fight in January 2006 , the two again fought in May , with Van Nistelrooy telling Ronaldo to `` go crying to your daddy '' , a reference to Ronaldo 's relationship with assistant manager Carlos Queiroz. Van Nistelrooy was left on the substitutes ' bench for the final game of the season against Charlton Athletic -- a 4 -- 0 victory in which Ronaldo scored his ninth league goal . Following the 2006 FIFA World Cup , in which he was involved in an incident where club teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off , Ronaldo publicly asked for a transfer , lamenting the lack of support he felt he had received from the club over the incident . United , however , denied the possibility of him leaving the club . Although his World Cup altercation with Rooney resulted in Ronaldo being booed throughout the 2006 -- 07 season , it proved to be his breakout year , as he broke the 20 - goal barrier for the first time and won his first Premier League title . An important factor in this success was his one - to - one training by first - team coach René Meulensteen , who taught him to make himself more unpredictable , improve his teamwork , call for the ball , and capitalise on goalscoring opportunities rather than waiting for the chance to score the aesthetically pleasing goals for which he was already known . His upturn in form was showcased in November when he received a standing ovation from a section of Blackburn Rovers supporters as he was substituted . He scored three consecutive braces at the end of December , against Aston Villa -- a victory which put United on top of the league -- Wigan Athletic , and Reading . Ronaldo was named the Premier League Player of the Month in November and December , becoming only the third player to receive consecutive honours . 2007 -- 09 : collective and individual success Ronaldo during the 2006 -- 07 season At the quarter - final stage of the 2006 -- 07 UEFA Champions League , Ronaldo scored his first - ever goals in the competition , finding the net twice in a 7 -- 1 victory over Roma . He subsequently scored four minutes into the first semi-final leg against Milan , which ended in a 3 -- 2 win , but was marked out of the second leg as United lost 3 -- 0 at the San Siro . He also helped United reach the FA Cup final , putting them 2 -- 1 up against Watford , but the decisive match against Chelsea ended in a 1 -- 0 defeat . Ronaldo scored the only goal in the Manchester derby on 5 May 2007 -- his 50th goal for the club -- as Manchester United claimed their first Premier League title in four years . As a result of his performances , he amassed a host of personal awards for the season . He won the Professional Footballers ' Association 's Player 's Player , Fans ' Player , and Young Player of the Year awards , as well as the Football Writers ' Association 's Footballer of the Year award , becoming the first player to win all four main PFA and FWA honours . His club wages were concurrently upgraded to £ 120,000 a week ( £ 31 million total ) as part of a five - year contract extension with United . Ronaldo scored a total of 42 goals in all competitions during the 2007 -- 08 season , his most prolific campaign during his time in England . His first goal of the season came against his former club , Sporting , with a header in the first group match of the Champions League . He missed three matches after headbutting a Portsmouth player at the start of the season , an experience he said taught him not to let opponents provoke him , but still managed to score 13 league goals by the campaign 's midway point . At the end of 2007 , Ronaldo was named runner - up to Kaká for the Ballon d'Or , and came third , behind Kaká and Lionel Messi , in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award . Ronaldo scored his first and only hat - trick for Manchester United in a 6 -- 0 win against Newcastle United on 12 January 2008 , bringing United up to the top of the Premier League table . A month later , on 19 March , he captained United for the first time in a home win over Bolton , and scored both goals of the match . His second goal was his 33rd of the campaign , which bettered George Best 's total of 32 goals in the 1967 -- 68 season , thus setting the club 's new single - season record by a midfielder . Ronaldo scored his final league goal of the season from the penalty spot in the title decider against Wigan on 11 May , as United claimed a second successive Premier League title . His 31 league goals earned him the Premier League Golden Boot , as well as the European Golden Shoe , which made him the first winger to win the latter award . Ronaldo taking a direct free kick against Celtic in the 2008 -- 09 UEFA Champions League In the knockout stage of the Champions League , Ronaldo scored the decisive goal against Lyon , which helped United advance to the quarter - finals 2 -- 1 on aggregate , and , while playing as a striker , scored with a header in the 3 -- 0 aggregate victory over Roma . Despite him missing a penalty in the first leg against Barcelona , United eventually advanced to the final in Moscow , where they faced Chelsea . His opening goal was negated by an equaliser as the match ended in a 1 -- 1 draw , but although his penalty was saved in the shoot - out , Manchester United emerged victorious . As the Champions League top scorer , Ronaldo was named the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year . He additionally received the PFA Players ' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year awards for the second consecutive season . As rumours circulated of Ronaldo 's interest in moving to Real Madrid , United filed a tampering complaint with governing body FIFA over Madrid 's alleged pursuit of their player , but they declined to take action . FIFA president Sepp Blatter asserted that the player should be allowed to leave his club , describing the situation as `` modern slavery '' . Despite Ronaldo publicly agreeing with Blatter , he remained at United for another year . Ahead of the 2008 -- 09 season , on 7 July , he underwent ankle surgery , which kept him out of action for 10 weeks . Following his return , he scored his 100th goal in all competitions for United with the first of two free kicks in a 5 -- 0 win against Stoke City on 15 November , which meant he had now scored against all 19 opposition teams in the Premier League at the time . Five days later , he received the third red card of his career when he was sent off against Manchester City . At the close of 2008 , Ronaldo helped United win the FIFA Club World Cup in Japan , assisting the final - winning goal against Liga de Quito and winning the Silver Ball in the process . He subsequently became United 's first Ballon d'Or winner since George Best in 1968 , and the first Premier League player to be named the FIFA World Player of the Year . Ronaldo scored his first Champions League goal of the season , and his first since the final against Chelsea , in a 2 -- 0 victory over Inter Milan , sending United into the quarter - finals . His match - winning goal in the second leg against Porto , a 40 - yard strike , earned him the inaugural FIFA Puskás Award , presented by FIFA in recognition of the best goal of the year ; he later called it the best goal he had ever scored . He scored twice against Arsenal , including a free kick from 39 yards , as United advanced to the final in Rome , where he made little impact in United 's 2 -- 0 defeat to Barcelona . Ronaldo ended his time in England with nine trophies , as United claimed their third successive Premier League title and a Football League Cup . He finished the campaign with 26 goals in all competitions , 16 goals fewer than the previous season , in four more appearances . His final ever goal for Manchester United came on 10 May 2009 with a free kick in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford . Real Madrid 2009 -- 13 : World record transfer and La Liga Championship Ahead of the 2009 -- 10 season , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid for a world record transfer fee at the time , of £ 80 million ( € 94 million ) . His contract , which ran until 2015 , was worth € 11 million per year and contained a € 1 billion buy - out clause . At least 80,000 fans attended his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu , surpassing the 25 - year record of 75,000 fans who had welcomed Diego Maradona at Napoli . Since club captain Raúl already wore the number 7 , the number Ronaldo wore at Manchester United , Ronaldo received the number 9 shirt , which was presented to him by former Madrid player Alfredo Di Stéfano . As his usual number 7 was unavailable , Ronaldo wore number 9 during his first season at Madrid . Following Raúl 's departure , Ronaldo was handed the number 7 shirt before the 2010 -- 11 season . Ronaldo made his debut in La Liga on 29 August 2009 , against Deportivo La Coruña , and scored from the penalty spot in Madrid 's 3 -- 2 home win . He scored in each of his first four league fixtures with the club , the first Madrid player to do so . His first Champions League goals for the club followed with two free kicks in the first group match against Zürich . His strong start to the season , however , was interrupted when he suffered an ankle injury in October while on international duty , which kept him sidelined for seven weeks . A week after his return , he received his first red card in Spain in a match against Almería . Midway through the season , Ronaldo placed second in the running for the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award , behind Lionel Messi of Barcelona , Madrid 's historic rivals . He finished the campaign with 33 goals in all competitions , including a hat - trick in a 4 -- 1 win against Mallorca on 5 May 2010 , his first in the Spanish competition . His first season at Real Madrid ended trophyless . Following Raúl 's departure , Ronaldo was handed the number 7 shirt for Real Madrid before the 2010 -- 11 season . His subsequent return to his Ballon d'Or - winning form was epitomised when , for the first time in his career , he scored four goals in a single match during a 6 -- 1 rout against Racing Santander on 23 October . His haul concluded a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches -- three in La Liga , one in the Champions League , and two for Portugal -- totalling 11 goals , the most he had scored in a single month . Ronaldo subsequently scored further hat - tricks against Athletic Bilbao , Levante , Villarreal , and Málaga . Despite his performance , he failed to make the podium for the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or at the end of 2010 . During a historical series of four Clásicos against rivals Barcelona in April 2011 , Ronaldo scored twice to equal his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season . Although he failed to find the net during Madrid 's eventual elimination in the Champions League semi-finals , he equalised from the penalty spot in the return league game and scored the match - winning goal in the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final , winning his first trophy in Spain . Over the next two weeks , Ronaldo scored another four - goal haul against Sevilla , a hat - trick against Getafe , and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal , taking his league total to 38 goals , which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez . His two goals in the last match of the season , against Almería , made him the first player in La Liga to score 40 goals . In addition to the Pichichi Trophy , Ronaldo consequently won the European Golden Shoe for a second time , becoming the first player to win the award in two different leagues . He ended his second season at Real Madrid with a total of 53 goals in all competitions . Ronaldo scored 46 league goals during the La Liga championship success in his third season in Spain . During the following campaign , the 2011 -- 12 season , Ronaldo surpassed his previous goalscoring feats to achieve a new personal best of 60 goals across all competitions . His 100th goal for Real Madrid came at Camp Nou in the Supercopa de España , though Barcelona claimed the trophy 5 -- 4 on aggregate . He regained a place on the FIFA Ballon d'Or podium , as runner - up to Messi , after scoring hat - tricks against Real Zaragoza , Rayo Vallecano , Málaga , Osasuna , and Sevilla , the last of which put Madrid on top of the league by the season 's midway point . Despite two goals from Ronaldo , Madrid were subsequently defeated by Barcelona 4 -- 3 on aggregrate in the quarter - finals of the Copa del Rey . He again scored twice , including a penalty , in the Champions League semi-finals against Bayern Munich , resulting in a 3 -- 3 draw , but his penalty kick in the shootout was saved by Manuel Neuer , leading to Madrid 's elimination . Ronaldo found greater team success in the league , as he helped Real Madrid win their first La Liga title in four years , with a record 100 points . Following a hat - trick against Levante , further increasing Madrid 's lead over Barcelona , he scored his 100th league goal for Madrid in a 5 -- 1 win over Real Sociedad on 24 March 2012 , a milestone he reached in just 92 matches across three seasons , breaking the previous club record held by Ferenc Puskás . Another hat - trick in the Madrid derby against Atlético Madrid brought his total to 40 league goals , equalling his record of the previous season . His final league goal of the campaign , against Mallorca , took his total to 46 goals , four short of the new record set by Messi , and earned him the distinction of being the first player to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season in La Liga . Ronaldo began the 2012 -- 13 season by lifting the Supercopa de España , his third trophy in Spain . With a goal in each leg by the Portuguese , Madrid won the Spanish Super Cup on away goals following a 4 -- 4 aggregate draw against Barcelona . Although Ronaldo publicly commented that he was unhappy with a `` professional issue '' within the club , prompted by his refusal to celebrate his 150th goal for Madrid , his goalscoring rate did not suffer . After netting a hat - trick , including two penalties , against Deportivo La Coruña , he scored his first hat - trick in the Champions League in a 4 -- 1 victory over Ajax . Four days later , he became the first player to score in six successive Clásicos when he hit a brace in a 2 -- 2 draw at Camp Nou . His performances in 2012 again saw Ronaldo voted second in the running for the FIFA Ballon d'Or , finishing runner - up to four - time winner Messi . 2013 -- 15 : consecutive FIFA Ballon d'Or wins and La Décima Following the 2012 -- 13 winter break , Ronaldo captained Real Madrid for the first time in an official match , scoring a brace to lift 10 - man Madrid to a 4 -- 3 victory over Real Sociedad on 6 January . He subsequently became the first non-Spanish player in 60 years to captain Madrid in El Clásico on 30 January , a match which also marked his 500th club appearance . Three days prior , he had scored his 300th club goal as part of a perfect hat - trick against Getafe . Following hat - tricks against Celta Vigo and Sevilla , he scored his 200th goal for Real Madrid on 8 May in a 6 -- 2 win against Málaga , reaching the landmark in 197 games . He helped Madrid reach the Copa del Rey final by scoring a brace in El Clásico , which marked the sixth successive match at Camp Nou in which he had scored , a Real Madrid record . In the final , he headed the opening goal of an eventual 2 -- 1 defeat to Atlético Madrid , but was shown a straight red card in the 114th minute for violent conduct . Real Madrid also failed to defend their La Liga title , finishing runners up to Barcelona . In the first knockout round of the Champions League , Ronaldo faced his former club Manchester United for the first time . After scoring the equaliser in a 1 -- 1 draw at the Santiago Bernabéu , he scored the match - winning goal in a 2 -- 1 victory at Old Trafford , his first return to his former home ground . Ronaldo scored three goals in Madrid 's 5 -- 3 aggregate victory over Galatasaray to see them advance to the semi-finals , He scored Madrid 's only goal in the 4 -- 1 away defeat to Borussia Dortmund , but failed to increase his side 's 2 -- 0 victory in the second leg , as they were eliminated at the semi-final stage for the third consecutive year . Ronaldo had scored 12 goals , finishing as the Champions League top goalscorer for a second time in his career . Accounting for all competitions , he ended the season with a total of 55 goals . Ronaldo scored a record 17 goals during the 2013 -- 14 La Décima campaign . Real Madrid 's failure to win major silverware and reports of division among the players prompted speculation regarding Ronaldo 's future at the club . At the start of the 2013 -- 14 season , however , he signed a new contract that extended his stay by three years to 2018 , with a salary of € 17 million net , making him briefly the highest - paid player in football . He was joined at the club by winger Gareth Bale , whose world record transfer fee of € 100 million surpassed the fee Madrid had paid for Ronaldo four years prior . Together with striker Karim Benzema , they formed an attacking trio popularly dubbed `` BBC '' , an acronym of Bale , Benzema , and Cristiano , and a play off the name of the public service broadcaster . After enjoying a strong goalscoring run during the first half of the campaign , Ronaldo suggested that he was in the best form of his career . By late November , he had scored 32 goals from 22 matches played for both club and country , including hat - tricks against Galatasaray , Sevilla , Real Sociedad , Northern Ireland , and Sweden . He ended 2013 with a total of 69 goals in 59 appearances , his highest year - end goal tally . His efforts earned him the FIFA Ballon d'Or , an amalgamation of the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award , for the first time in his career . Concurrently with his individual achievements , Ronaldo enjoyed his greatest team success in Spain to date , as he helped Real Madrid win La Décima , their tenth European Cup . In the knockout phase of the competition , he scored a brace in each leg of a 9 -- 2 aggregate win against Schalke 04 , helping Madrid advance to the quarter - finals . His goal in a 3 -- 0 home win over Borussia Dortmund -- his 100th Champions League match -- took his total for the season to 14 goals , equalling the record Messi had set two years before . After hitting a brace in a 4 -- 0 defeat of Bayern Munich at the Allianz Arena , he scored from the penalty spot in the 120th minute of the 4 -- 1 final victory over Atlético Madrid , becoming the first player to score in two European Cup finals for two different winning teams . His overall performance in the final was subdued as a result of patellar tendinitis and related hamstring problems , which had plagued him in the last months of the campaign . Ronaldo played the final against medical advice , later commenting : `` In your life you do not win without sacrifices and you must take risks . '' As the Champions League top goalscorer for the third time , with a record 17 goals , he was named the UEFA Best Player in Europe . In the Copa del Rey , Ronaldo helped Madrid reach the final by scoring a brace of penalties against Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón , the first of which meant he had now scored in every single minute of a 90 - minute football match . His continued issues with his knee and thigh caused him to miss the final , where Real Madrid defeated Barcelona 2 -- 1 to claim the trophy . While Madrid were less successful in La Liga , finishing third , Ronaldo was unmatched as a goalscorer . He scored 31 goals in 30 league games , which earned him the Pichichi and the European Golden Shoe , receiving the latter award jointly with Liverpool striker Luis Suárez . Among his haul was his 400th career goal , in 653 appearances for club and country , which came with a brace against Celta Vigo on 6 January ; he dedicated his goals to compatriot Eusébio , who had died two days before . A last - minute , backheeled volley scored against Valencia on 4 May -- his 50th goal in all competitions -- was recognised as the best goal of the season by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional , which additionally named Ronaldo the Best Player in La Liga . During the next campaign , the 2014 -- 15 season , Ronaldo set a new personal best of 61 goals in all competitions , starting with both goals in Real Madrid 's 2 -- 0 victory over Sevilla in the UEFA Super Cup . He subsequently achieved his best - ever goalscoring start to a league campaign , with a record 15 goals in the first eight rounds of La Liga , including a four - goal haul against Elche and hat - tricks against Deportivo La Coruña and Athletic Bilbao . His record 23rd hat - trick in La Liga , scored against Celta Vigo on 6 December , made him the fastest player to reach 200 goals in the Spanish league , as he reached the milestone in only his 178th game . After lifting the FIFA Club World Cup with Madrid in Morocco , again winning the Silver Ball , Ronaldo received a second successive FIFA Ballon d'Or , joining Johan Cruyff , Michel Platini , and Marco van Basten as a three - time Ballon d'Or winner . 2015 -- 17 : all - time Real Madrid top scorer and La Undécima Ronaldo scored a personal best of 61 goals in all competitions during the 2014 -- 15 season . Following the winter break , Ronaldo 's form faltered , concurrently with a decline in performance by his team . A 2 -- 1 defeat against Valencia in the first match of 2015 , despite his opening goal , ended Real Madrid 's Spanish record winning streak of 22 matches in all competitions . Their season continued unsuccessfully as they failed to win a major trophy , earning a second - place league finish and a semi-final exit in Europe . In the latter competition , Ronaldo extended his run of scoring away to a record 12 matches with his strike in a 2 -- 0 win against Schalke 04 , before hitting a brace in the 3 -- 4 return defeat that allowed Madrid to progress to the quarter - finals . He then scored both of his side 's goals in the semi-finals against Juventus , where Madrid were eliminated 2 -- 3 on aggregate . With 10 goals , he finished the campaign as top scorer for a third consecutive season , alongside Messi and Neymar . In La Liga , where Madrid finished second , Ronaldo went on a prolific goalscoring run towards the very end of the season . For the first time in his career , he scored five goals in one game , including an eight - minute hat - trick , in a 9 -- 1 rout of Granada on 5 April . His 300th goal for his club followed three days later in a 2 -- 0 win against Rayo Vallecano . Subsequent hat - tricks against Sevilla , Espanyol , and Getafe took his number of hat - tricks for Real Madrid to 31 , surpassing Di Stéfano 's club record of 28 trebles . As a result , Ronaldo finished the season with 48 goals , two ahead of his total in the 2011 -- 12 season , despite having missed two matches in February for assaulting a Córdoba player . In addition to a second consecutive Pichichi , he won the European Golden Shoe for a record fourth time . At the start of his seventh season at Real Madrid , the 2015 -- 16 campaign , Ronaldo became the club 's all - time top scorer , first in the league and then in all competitions . His five - goal haul in a 6 -- 0 away win over Espanyol on 12 September took his tally in La Liga to 230 goals in 203 games , surpassing the club 's previous recordholder , Raúl . A month later , on 17 October , he again surpassed Raúl when he scored the second goal in a 3 -- 0 defeat of Levante at the Bernabéu to take his overall total for the club to 324 goals . Ronaldo also became the all - time top scorer in the Champions League with a hat - trick in the first group match against Shakhtar Donetsk , having finished the previous season level with Messi on 77 goals . A brace against Malmö FF , scoring in a 2 -- 0 away win on 30 September , saw him reach the milestone of 500 career goals for both club and country . He subsequently became the first player to score double figures in the competition 's group stage , setting the record at 11 goals , including another four - goal haul against Malmö . By March 2016 , Ronaldo had scored 252 goals in 228 matches in La Liga to become the competition 's second - highest scorer . Despite finishing runner - up to Messi for the FIFA Ballon d'Or , Ronaldo received criticism for his form and performances against top teams , with 14 of his goals coming against Espanyol and Malmö . However , during the second half of the season , his form gradually improved . By scoring four goals in a 7 -- 1 home win over Celta de Vigo on 5 March 2016 , Ronaldo arrived at 252 goals in La Liga to become the competition 's second - highest scorer in history behind Messi . After netting the match - winning goal for 10 - man Madrid in a 2 -- 1 Clásico victory on 2 April , he scored a hat - trick against VfL Wolfsburg to send his club into the Champions League semi-finals despite a 2 -- 0 first - leg defeat . The treble took his tally in the competition to 16 goals , making him the top scorer for the fourth consecutive season , and the fifth overall . Suffering apparent fitness issues , Ronaldo gave a poorly - received performance in the final against Atlético Madrid , in a repeat of the 2014 final , though his penalty in the subsequent shoot - out secured La Undécima , Madrid 's 11th victory . For the sixth successive year , he ended the season having scored more than 50 goals across all competitions . For his efforts during the season , he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for a second time . Ronaldo missed Real Madrid 's first three matches of the 2016 -- 17 season , including the 2016 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla , as he continued to rehabilitate the knee injury he suffered against France in the final of Euro 2016 . On 6 November , Ronaldo signed a new contract set to keep him with Madrid until 2021 . On 19 November , he scored a hat - trick in a 3 -- 0 away win against Atlético Madrid , making him the all - time top scorer in the Madrid derby with 18 goals ... -- > On 15 December , Ronaldo scored his 500th club career goal in the 2 -- 0 victory over Club América in the semi-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup . He then scored a hat - trick in the 4 -- 2 win over Japanese club Kashima Antlers in the final . Ronaldo finished the tournament as top scorer with four goals and was also named the best player of the tournament . He won the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player , a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year , largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016 . 2017 -- 18 : a record fifth Champions League title and fifth Ballon d'Or Ronaldo with then President of the Community of Madrid , Cristina Cifuentes , during the title celebrations in Madrid In Real Madrid 's 3 -- 2 away win against Villarreal on 27 February 2017 , Ronaldo overtook Hugo Sánchez as the most prolific penalty - kick scorer in La Liga history . As a result of the penalty scored by Ronaldo , Real Madrid reached its 5,900 th goal in the history of the league and became the first team to do so . On 12 April , in the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League quarter - final against Bayern Munich , Ronaldo scored two goals in a 2 -- 1 away win to give Madrid the win and the lead going into the second leg . The two goals saw him make history in becoming the first player to reach 100 goals in UEFA club competition . During the second leg of the quarter - finals , Ronaldo scored a perfect hat - trick and reached his 100th UEFA Champions League goal , becoming the first player to do so as Real Madrid again defeated Bayern 4 -- 2 after extra-time . On 2 May , Ronaldo scored another hat - trick in the following Champions League match , as Real Madrid defeated Atlético Madrid 3 -- 0 in the semi-final first leg . His hat - trick made him the first player to reach 50 goals in the knockout stage of the competition . On 17 May , Ronaldo overtook Jimmy Greaves as the all - time top scorer in the top five European leagues , scoring a brace against Celta de Vigo . He finished the season with 42 goals in all competitions as he helped Madrid to win their first La Liga title since 2012 and the first team to win back - to - back finals in the Champions League era ; the first to win consecutive European titles in the competition since Milan in 1989 and 1990 , when the tournament was known as the European Cup . In the 2017 final , he scored two goals in the victory against Juventus and became the top goalscorer for the fifth - straight season , and sixth overall , with 12 goals , while also becoming the first person to score in three finals in the Champions League era as well as reaching his 600th senior career goal . Real Madrid 's title was its 12th , also known as La Duodécima , extending its record , and its third in four years . Ronaldo in the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final At the start of the 2017 -- 18 season , Ronaldo scored Madrid 's second goal in a 3 -- 1 Supercopa de España first - leg victory over Barcelona at Camp Nou . Having received a yellow card for taking his shirt off during his goal celebration , he was sent off for a second yellow card offence minutes later before he shoved the referee lightly to depict his dissatisfaction . He was issued a five - match suspension following the match . In his 400th game for Real Madrid , Ronaldo scored two goals away to Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League , taking his club tally to 411 goals . On 23 October , his performances in the first half of 2017 saw him claim his fifth FIFA Player of the Year award by receiving The Best FIFA Men 's Player award for the second consecutive year . On 6 December , he became the first player to score in all six Champions League group stage matches with a curling strike at home to Borussia Dortmund . A day later , Ronaldo won the Ballon d'Or for a fifth time , receiving the award on the Eiffel Tower in Paris . On 3 March 2018 , he scored two goals in a 3 -- 1 home win over Getafe , his first being his 300th La Liga goal in his 286th La Liga appearance , making him the fastest player to reach this landmark and only the second player to do so after Lionel Messi . On 18 March , he reached his 50th career hat - trick , scoring four goals in a 6 -- 3 win against Girona . On 3 April , Ronaldo scored the first two goals in a 3 -- 0 away win against Juventus in the quarter - finals of the 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League , with his second goal being an acrobatic bicycle kick . The goal , described as a `` PlayStation goal '' by Juventus defender Andrea Barzagli , garnered him a standing ovation from the Juventus fans in the stadium , as well as a plethora of plaudits from peers , pundits and coaches . The goal was also his 119th in European competition , more than 465 other clubs which have participated in the competition ; if he were a club , it would be the tenth - highest scorer in Champions League history . He would score his 650th career goal in a 1 -- 1 draw against Atlético Madrid on 8 April . On 11 April , he scored the goal Real Madrid needed to advance to the semi-final , in the second leg of the Champions League quarter - final at home to Juventus , from a 98th - minute injury time penalty in a 3 -- 1 defeat , with an overall 4 -- 3 aggregate win . It was also his tenth goal against Juventus , a Champions League record against a single club . In the final of the tournament , on 26 May , Real Madrid defeated Liverpool 3 -- 1 , winning Ronaldo his fifth Champions League title as Real Madrid completed their third consecutive Champions League triumph , becoming the first team to do so . He finished as the top scorer of the tournament for the sixth consecutive season , ending the campaign with 15 goals . After the final , Ronaldo referred to his time with the Champions League winners in the past tense , sparking speculation that he could leave Real Madrid . Juventus 2018 -- present After a week of transfer speculation , on 10 July 2018 , Ronaldo signed a four - year contract with Italian club Juventus after completing a € 100 million transfer , plus solidarity contributions to Ronaldo 's youth clubs and an additional € 12 million in other fees . The transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old , and the highest ever paid by an Italian club . Upon signing , Ronaldo cited his need for a new challenge as his rationale for departing Real Madrid . International career 2001 -- 07 : youth level and early international career Ronaldo began his international career with Portugal at the 2001 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival , debuting in a 3 -- 1 defeat to Finland . The following year he would represent his country under - 17 side at the 2002 UEFA European Under - 17 Football Championship , where they failed to progress past the group stage . Ronaldo also featured in the Olympic squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics , scoring one goal in the tournament , though the team was eliminated in the first round , finishing bottom of their group with three points after 4 -- 2 defeats to eventual semi-finalists Iraq and quarter - finalists Costa Rica . During his international youth career , Ronaldo would go on to represent the under - 15 team , under - 17 , under - 20 , under - 21 , and under - 23 national sides , amassing 34 youth caps and scoring 18 goals overall . At age 18 , Ronaldo made his first senior appearance for Portugal in a 1 -- 0 victory over Kazakhstan on 20 August 2003 . He was subsequently called up for UEFA Euro 2004 , held in his home country , and scored his first international goal in a 2 -- 1 group stage loss to eventual champions Greece . After converting his penalty in a shootout against England at the quarter - final stage , he helped Portugal reach the final by scoring the opening goal in a 2 -- 1 win over the Netherlands , but the crucial last match ended in a 0 -- 1 defeat . He was featured in the team of the tournament , having provided two assists in addition to his two goals . Ronaldo was the second - highest scorer in the European qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup with seven goals . During the tournament , he scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick in Portugal 's second match of the group stage . In the quarter - finals against England , his Manchester United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho . Although the referee later clarified that the red card was only due to Rooney 's infraction , the English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced his decision by aggressively complaining , after which he was seen in replays winking at Portugal 's bench following Rooney 's dismissal . Ronaldo went on to score the vital winning penalty during the penalty shoot out which sent Portugal into the Semi-Finals . Ronaldo was subsequently booed during their 1 -- 0 semi-final defeat to France . FIFA 's Technical Study Group overlooked him for the tournament 's Best Young Player award and handed it to Germany 's Lukas Podolski , citing his behaviour as a factor in the decision . Following the 2006 World Cup , Ronaldo would go on to represent Portugal in four qualifying games for Euro 2008 , scoring two goals in the process . 2007 -- 12 : assuming the captaincy Ronaldo , pictured playing against Germany at Euro 2012 , was made captain in 2008 . One day after his 22nd birthday , Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly game against Brazil on 6 February 2007 , as requested by Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva , who had died two days earlier . Ahead of Euro 2008 , he was given the number 7 shirt for the first time . While he scored eight goals in the qualification , the second - highest tally , he scored just one goal in the tournament , netting the second goal of their 3 -- 1 win in the group stage match against the Czech Republic ; in the same game , he also set - up Portugal 's third goal in injury time , which was scored by Quaresma , and was named man of the match for his performance . Portugal were eliminated in the quarter - finals with a 3 -- 2 loss against eventual finalists Germany . After Portugal 's unsuccessful performance in the European Championship , Luiz Felipe Scolari was replaced as coach by Carlos Queiroz , formerly the assistant manager at United . Queiroz made Ronaldo the squad 's permanent captain in July 2008 . Ronaldo failed to score a single goal in the qualification for the 2010 World Cup , as Portugal narrowly avoided a premature elimination from the tournament with a play - off victory over Bosnia . At the group stage of the World Cup , he was named man of the match in all three matches against Côte d'Ivoire , North Korea , and Brazil . His only goal of the tournament came in their 7 -- 0 rout of North Korea , which marked his first international goal in 16 months . Portugal 's World Cup ended with a 1 -- 0 loss against eventual champions Spain in the round of 16 . Ronaldo scored seven goals in the qualification for Euro 2012 , including two strikes against Bosnia in the play - offs , to send Portugal into the tournament , where they were drawn in a `` group of death '' . After the opening 0 -- 1 defeat to Germany , he also failed to score in the 3 -- 2 win against Denmark , missing two clear one - on - one chances . In the last group stage game against the Netherlands , Ronaldo scored twice to secure a 2 -- 1 victory . He scored a header in the quarter - finals against the Czech Republic to give his team a 1 -- 0 win . In both games against the Netherlands and the Czech Republic he was named man of the match . After the semi-finals against Spain ended scoreless , with Ronaldo having sent three shots over the bar , Portugal were eliminated in the penalty shootout . Ronaldo did not take a penalty as he had been slated to take the unused fifth , a decision that drew criticism . As the joint top scorer with three goals , alongside five other players , he was again included in the team of the tournament . 2012 -- 16 : all - time Portugal top scorer and European champion Ronaldo evading club teammate Luka Modrić during a friendly match against Croatia in June 2013 During the qualification for the 2014 World Cup , Ronaldo scored a total of eight goals . A qualifying match on 17 October 2012 , a 1 -- 1 draw against Northern Ireland , earned him his 100th cap . His first international hat - trick also came against Northern Ireland , when he found the net three times in a 15 - minute spell of a 4 -- 2 qualifying victory on 6 September 2013 . After Portugal failed to qualify during the regular campaign , Ronaldo scored all four of the team 's goals in the play - offs against Sweden , which ensured their place at the tournament . His hat - trick in the second leg took his international tally to 47 goals , equaling Pauleta 's record . Ronaldo subsequently scored twice in a 5 -- 1 friendly win over Cameroon on 5 March 2014 to become his country 's all - time top scorer . Ronaldo took part in the tournament despite suffering from patellar tendinitis and a related thigh injury , potentially risking his career . Ronaldo later commented : `` If we had two or three Cristiano Ronaldos in the team I would feel more comfortable . But we do n't . '' Despite ongoing doubts over his fitness , being forced to abort practice twice , Ronaldo played the full 90 minutes of the opening match against Germany , though he was unable to prevent a 4 -- 0 defeat . After assisting an injury - time 2 -- 2 equaliser against the United States , he scored a late match - winning goal in a 2 -- 1 victory over Ghana . His 50th international goal made him the first Portuguese to play and score in three World Cups . Portugal were eliminated from the tournament at the close of the group stage on goal difference . Ronaldo scored five goals , including a hat - trick against Armenia , in the qualification for Euro 2016 . With the only goal in another victory over Armenia on 14 November 2014 , he reached 23 goals in the European Championship , including qualifying matches , to become the competition 's all - time leading goalscorer . At the start of the tournament , however , Ronaldo failed to convert his chances in Portugal 's draws against Iceland and Austria , despite taking a total of 20 shots on goal . In the latter match , he overtook Luís Figo as his nation 's most capped player with his 128th international appearance , which ended scoreless after he missed a penalty in the second half . With two goals and an assist in the last match of the group stage , a 3 -- 3 draw against Hungary , Ronaldo became the first player to score in four European Championships , having made a record 17 appearances in the tournament . Though placed third in their group behind Hungary and Iceland , his team qualified for the knockout round as a result of the competition 's newly expanded format . In Portugal 's first knockout match , Ronaldo 's only attempt on goal was parried by Croatia 's goalkeeper into the path of Ricardo Quaresma , whose finish then secured a 1 -- 0 victory late in extra time . After his team progressed past Poland on penalties , Ronaldo became the first player to participate in three European Championship semi-finals ; he scored the opening goal and assisted a second in a 2 -- 0 win against Wales , equaling Michel Platini as the competition 's all - time top scorer with nine goals . In the final against hosts France , Ronaldo was forced off after just 25 minutes following a challenge from Dimitri Payet . After multiple treatments and attempts to play on , he was stretchered off the pitch and replaced by Quaresma . During extra time , substitute Eder scored in the 109th minute to earn Portugal a 1 -- 0 victory . As team captain , Ronaldo later lifted the trophy in celebration of his country 's first - ever triumph in a major tournament . He was awarded the Silver Boot as the joint second - highest goalscorer , with three goals and three assists , and was named to the team of the tournament for the third time in his career . 2016 -- present : post-european Championship victory , and World Cup Ronaldo playing against Russia at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Following the Euro 2016 success , Ronaldo scored four goals against Andorra in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers on 8 October 2016 . His four goals against a nine - man team marked the highest number of goals he has scored in an international match . On 13 November , Ronaldo scored two goals ( while also missing a penalty ) in another qualifier against Latvia , which ended in a 4 -- 1 home victory . These goals brought his international tally to 68 goals , putting level with Gerd Müller and Robbie Keane as the fourth - highest European international goalscorer of all - time . He played his first professional match on his home island of Madeira on 28 March 2017 at age 32 , opening a 2 -- 3 friendly defeat to Sweden at the Estádio dos Barreiros . With the goal , he tied with Miroslav Klose on 71 goals as the third - highest scoring European in international football . In Portugal 's opening match of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup against Mexico on 17 June , Cristiano Ronaldo set - up Quaresma 's opening goal in a 2 -- 2 draw . Three days later , he scored in a 1 -- 0 win over hosts Russia . On 24 June , he scored from a penalty in a 4 -- 0 win over New Zealand , which saw Portugal top their group and advance to the semi-finals of the competition . With his 75th international goal , Ronaldo also equalled Sándor Kocsis as the second - highest European international goalscorer of all - time , behind only Ferenc Puskás . He was named man of the match in all three of Portugal 's group stage matches . Ronaldo left the competition early : after Chile defeated Portugal 3 -- 0 on penalties in the semi-finals , he was allowed to return home to be with his newborn children . Therefore , he missed Portugal 's third - place play - off match in which Portugal defeated Mexico 2 -- 1 after extra time . On 31 August 2017 , Ronaldo scored a hat - trick in a 5 -- 1 win in a World Cup qualifier over the Faroe Islands , which saw him overtake Pelé and equal Hussein Saeed as the joint - fifth - highest goalscorer in international football with 78 goals . These goals brought his tally in the 2018 World Cup qualifiers to 14 , equalling Predrag Mijatović 's record for most goals in a single UEFA senior men 's qualifying campaign , and also saw him break the record for the most goals scored in a single European qualifying group , overtaking the previous record of 13 goals set by David Healy and Robert Lewandowski . Ronaldo 's hat - trick took his World Cup qualifying goals total to 29 , making him the highest scorer in European World Cup qualifiers , ahead of Andriy Shevchenko , and the highest goalscorer in World Cup qualifying and finals matches combined , with 32 goals , ahead of Miroslav Klose . Ronaldo later added to this tally by scoring a goal against Andorra in a 2 -- 0 victory . Ronaldo playing against Iran at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia In the build - up to the 2018 World Cup , Portugal hosted friendlies against Tunisia , Belgium and Algeria . Ronaldo featured in the final of the three matches in which he made his 150th international appearance . On 15 June 2018 , Ronaldo became the oldest player ever to score a hat - trick in a World Cup match , helping Portugal secure a 3 -- 3 draw against Spain in their opening match at the World Cup . In doing so , he also became the first Portuguese player to score a goal in four World Cups and one of four players to do so in total . His third goal saw him curl in a 30 yard free kick with two minutes remaining for the equaliser . His hat - trick also drew him level with Ferenc Puskás as the highest European goalscorer of all - time , with 84 international goals . In Portugal 's second game on 20 June , Ronaldo scored the only goal in a 1 -- 0 victory against Morocco , breaking Puskás ' record . In the final group match against Iran on 25 June , Ronaldo missed a penalty in an eventual 1 -- 1 draw which saw Portugal progress to the second round as group runners - up behind Spain . On 30 June , Portugal were eliminated following a 2 -- 1 defeat to Uruguay in the last 16 . Player Profile Style of play Ronaldo in action for Real Madrid against Espanyol during the 2012 -- 13 season A versatile attacker , Ronaldo is capable of playing on either wing as well as through the centre of the pitch , and , while ostensibly right - footed , is very strong with both feet . He ranks among the world 's fastest footballers , both with and without the ball . Tactically , Ronaldo has undergone several evolutions throughout his career . While at Sporting and during his first season at Manchester United , he was typically deployed as a traditional winger on the right side of midfield , where he regularly looked to deliver crosses into the penalty area . In this position , he was able to use his pace and acceleration , agility , and technical skills to take on opponents in one - on - one situations . Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair , often displaying an array of tricks and feints , such as the step overs that became his trademark . Ronaldo controlling the ball on his chest during a 2010 -- 11 La Liga game against Almería As Ronaldo matured , he underwent a major physical transformation , developing a muscular body type that allows him to retain possession of the ball . His strength , combined with his elevation and height of 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) , gives him an edge in winning aerial challenges for balls . These attributes allow him to function as a target - man , and makes him an aerial goal threat in the penalty area ; consequently , many of his goals have been headers . Allied with his increased stamina and work - rate , his goalscoring ability improved drastically on the left wing where he was given the positional freedom to move into the centre to finish attacks . He also increasingly played a creative role for his team , often dropping deep to pick up the ball , participate in the build - up of plays , and create chances for his teammates , courtesy of his good vision and passing ability . Pictured during El Clásico in 2011 , Ronaldo in his familiar pose before striking a free kick In his final seasons at United , Ronaldo played an even more attacking and central role , functioning both as a striker and as a supporting forward , or even as an attacking midfielder on occasion . He developed into a prolific goalscorer , capable of finishing well both inside the penalty area and from distance with an accurate and powerful shot , courtesy of his striking ability . An accurate penalty kick taker , he also became a set piece specialist , renowned for his powerful , bending free kicks , though his ability in this regard deteriorated later on in his career . At Real Madrid , Ronaldo continued to play a more offensive role , while his creative and defensive duties became more limited , although not entirely diminished . Initially deployed as a centre forward , he was later moved back onto the left wing , though in a free tactical role ; this position allowed him to drift into the centre at will to get onto the end of crosses and score , or draw out defenders with his movement off the ball and leave space for teammates to exploit . Madrid 's counter-attacking style of play also allowed him to become a more efficient and consistent player , as evidenced by his record - breaking goalscoring feats . However , while he mainly drew praise in the media for his prolific goalscoring , he also demonstrated his ability as an effective creator in this role . From 2013 onwards , he effectively adapted his style to the physical effects of ageing with increasingly reduced off - the - ball movement and general involvement , completing fewer dribbles and passes per game , and instead focusing on short - distance creating and goalscoring . Since 2017 , Ronaldo has adapted his style of play yet again to become more of a free - roaming centre forward , a role in which he has continued to excel and maintain a prolific goalscoring record ; in this position , he has earned praise in the media for his intelligent movement , excellent positional sense , link - up play , clinical finishing , and opportunism , as well as his ability to lose or anticipate his markers , find space in the box , and score from few opportunities . Reception `` In the six years ( Manchester United ) had him , you just saw his game grow all the time , and he was a fantastic player . Now you see the complete player . His decision - making , his maturity , his experience , plus all the great skills he has got , they all make him the complete player . '' -- Former manager Alex Ferguson , January 2013 Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation , alongside Lionel Messi . Ronaldo quickly established himself among the world 's best players in his early 20s , featuring as the core component for Manchester United in the mid-to - late 2000s . However , after winning his first Ballon d'Or by a record - high vote count at age 23 , the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history . Universally acclaimed for his prolific and consistent goalscoring ability , he is considered a decisive player , who stands out in games and who can be a game changer , especially in important and high - pressured situations . Ronaldo is noted for his work ethic , elite body conditioning , and dedication to improvement on the training pitch , as well being regarded as a natural leader . His drive and determination to succeed are fuelled by a desire to be talked about alongside Pelé and Diego Maradona once retiring . Ronaldo has at times , however , been criticised for simulating when tackled . In addition to this , he was also occasionally criticised early in his career by manager Alex Ferguson , teammates and the media for being a selfish or overly flamboyant player . During his career , Ronaldo has also been described as having an `` arrogant image '' on the pitch , with Ronaldo stating that he had become a `` victim '' , because of how he was portrayed in the media . He is often seen moaning , gesticulating and scowling while trying to inspire his team to victory , with Ronaldo insisting that his competitive nature should not be mistaken for arrogance . His managers , teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him . In 2014 , Ronaldo told France Football that he had made a `` mistake '' when he said in 2011 , `` People are jealous of me as I am young , handsome and rich '' , adding that he had matured since then and fans understood him better . Comparisons to Lionel Messi Main article : Messi -- Ronaldo rivalry Ronaldo with Lionel Messi before an international friendly between Portugal and Argentina in Geneva , Switzerland , on 9 February 2011 Both players have scored in at least two UEFA Champions League finals and have regularly broken the 50 - goal barrier in a single season . Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits of both players in an attempt to argue who they believe is the best player in modern football . It has been compared to sports rivalries such as the Muhammad Ali -- Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing , the Borg -- McEnroe rivalry in tennis , and the Ayrton Senna -- Alain Prost rivalry from Formula One motor racing . `` It 's part of my life now . People are bound to compare us . He tries to do his best for his club and for his national team , as I do , and there is a degree of rivalry with both of us trying to do the best for the teams we represent . '' -- Cristiano Ronaldo commenting on his rivalry with Messi . Some commentators choose to analyse the differing physiques and playing styles of the two , while part of the debate revolves around the contrasting personalities of the two players : Ronaldo is sometimes depicted as an arrogant and theatrical showoff , while Messi is portrayed as a shy , humble character . In a 2012 interview , Ronaldo commented on the rivalry , saying `` I think we push each other sometimes in the competition , this is why the competition is so high '' , while Ronaldo 's manager during his time at Manchester United , Alex Ferguson , opined that `` I do n't think the rivalry against each other bothers them . I think they have their own personal pride in terms of wanting to be the best '' . Messi himself denied any rivalry , saying that it was `` only the media , the press , who wants us to be at loggerheads but I 've never fought with Cristiano '' . Responding to the claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level , Ronaldo commented , `` We do n't have a relationship outside the world of football , just as we do n't with a lot of other players '' , before adding that in years to come he hopes they can laugh about it together , stating ; `` We have to look on this rivalry with a positive spirit , because it 's a good thing . '' Representing archrivals Barcelona and Real Madrid , the two players faced each other at least twice every season in the world 's biggest club game , El Clásico , which is among the world 's most viewed annual sporting events . In a debate at Oxford Union in October 2013 , when asked whether FIFA president Sepp Blatter preferred Messi or Ronaldo , Blatter paid tribute to the work ethic of the Argentine before taking a swipe at Ronaldo , claiming `` one of them has more expenses for the hairdresser than the other '' . Real Madrid demanded -- and promptly received -- a full apology , and the Portuguese issued his own riposte with a mock - salute celebration after scoring a penalty against Sevilla , after Blatter had described him as a `` commander '' on the pitch . Outside Football See also : Museu CR7 and Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport The Cristiano Ronaldo Museum , `` CR7 '' , in Funchal , Madeira . It was opened on 15 December 2013 . Ronaldo 's CR7 Museum -- front view As his reputation grew from his time at Manchester United , Ronaldo has signed many sponsorship deals for consumer products , including sportswear , football boots ( since November 2012 Ronaldo has worn the Nike Mercurial Vapor personalized CR7 edition ) , soft drinks , clothing , automotive lubricants , financial services , electronics and computer video games . Ronaldo was featured as the cover athlete of EA Sports ' FIFA video game FIFA 18 and was heavily involved in the game 's promotion . He was also the face of Pro Evolution Soccer , appearing on the cover in 2008 , 2012 and 2013 . Forbes has twice ranked Ronaldo first on its list of the world 's highest - paid football players ; his combined income from salaries , bonuses and non-football earnings was $73 million in 2013 -- 14 and $79 million in 2014 -- 15 . The latter earnings saw him listed behind only boxer Floyd Mayweather , Jr. on the magazine 's list of The World 's Highest - Paid Athletes . In 2016 , he became the first footballer to top the Forbes list of highest - earning athletes , with a total income of $88 million from his salary and endorsements in 2015 -- 16 . He topped the list for the second straight year with earnings of $93 million in 2016 -- 17 . Ronaldo is one of the world 's most marketable athletes : SportsPro rated him the fifth most marketable athlete in 2012 , and eighth most marketable athlete in 2013 , with Brazilian footballer Neymar topping both lists . Sports market research company Repucom named Ronaldo the most marketable and most recognised football player in the world in May 2014 . He was additionally named in the 2014 Time 100 , Time 's annual list of the most influential people in the world . ESPN named Ronaldo the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 , 2017 and 2018 . Ronaldo has established a strong online presence ; the most popular sportsperson on social media , he counted 158 million total followers across Facebook , Twitter and Instagram by June 2015 . As of June 2015 , he has the world 's biggest Facebook fanbase with 103 million followers : he became the first sportsperson to reach 50 million followers in August 2010 , and in October 2014 , he became the first sportsperson , and the second person after Shakira , to reach 100 million followers . By June 2017 , Ronaldo had 277 million followers across social media . His sponsors earned $936 million in media value across his social media accounts between June 2016 to June 2017 . Ronaldo has released two mobile apps : in December 2011 , he launched an iPhone game called Heads Up with Cristiano , created by developer RockLive , and in December 2013 , he launched Viva Ronaldo , a dedicated social networking website and mobile app . Computer security company McAfee produced a 2012 report ranking footballers by the probability of an internet search for their name leading to an unsafe website , with Ronaldo 's name first on the list . Ronaldo 's life and person have been the subject of several works . His autobiography , titled Moments , was published in December 2007 . His sponsor Castro produced the television film Ronaldo : Tested to the Limit , in which he is physically and mentally tested in several areas ; his physical performance was consequently subject to scrutiny by world media upon the film 's release in September 2011 . Cristiano Ronaldo : The World at His Feet , a documentary narrated by the actor Benedict Cumberbatch , was released via Vimeo in June 2014 . A documentary film about his life and career , titled Ronaldo , was released worldwide on 9 November 2015 . Directed by BAFTA - winner Anthony Wonke , the film is produced and distributed by Universal Pictures , while Asif Kapadia is the executive producer . Ronaldo opened his first fashion boutique under the name CR7 ( his initials and shirt number ) on the island of Madeira , Portugal , in 2006 . Ronaldo expanded his business with a second clothes boutique in Lisbon in 2008 . In partnership with Scandinavian manufacturer JBS Textile Group and the New York fashion designer Richard Chai , Ronaldo co-designed a range of underwear and sock line , released in November 2013 . He later expanded his CR7 fashion brand by launching a line of premium shirts and shoes by July 2014 . In September 2015 , Ronaldo -- in a partnership with Eden Parfums -- released his own fragrance , `` Legacy '' . Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport in Madeira In 2007 , C.D. Nacional renamed its youth campus Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol ( Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus ) . In December 2013 , Ronaldo opened a museum , Museu CR7 , in his hometown of Funchal , Madeira , to house trophies and memorabilia of his life and playing career ; the museum is an official sponsor of the local football team União da Madeira . At a ceremony held at the Belém Palace in January 2014 , President of Portugal Aníbal Cavaco Silva raised Ronaldo to the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Prince Henry , `` to distinguish an athlete of world renown who has been a symbol of Portugal globally , contributing to the international projection of the country and setting an example of tenacity for future generations '' . A bronze statue of Ronaldo , designed by artist Ricardo Madeira Veloso , was unveiled in Funchal on 21 December 2014 . In June 2010 , during the build - up to the World Cup , Ronaldo became the fourth footballer -- after Steven Gerrard , Pelé and David Beckham -- to be represented as a waxwork at Madame Tussauds London . Another waxwork of him was presented at the Madrid Wax Museum in December 2013 . In June 2015 , astronomers led by David Sobral from Lisbon and Leiden discovered a galaxy which they named CR7 ( Cosmos Redshift 7 ) in tribute to Ronaldo . On 23 July 2016 , following Portugal 's triumph at Euro 2016 , Madeira Airport in Funchal was renamed the Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport . The unveiling of the rebranded terminal took place on 29 March 2017 , which included a bust of his head being presented . The bust and the name change were controvertial , with the lack of the bust 's likeness to Ronaldo being ridiculed by comedians , including Saturday Night Live , while the name change was subject to much debate locally by some politicians and citizens , who even started a petition against the move , an action criticised by President of Madeira Miguel Albuquerque . A year later , sports website Bleacher Report commissioned sculptor Emanuel Santos to create another bust . However , this bust was never used ; instead , a new one was made by a Spanish sculptor , shown to the public on 15 June 2018 . Personal life Family and relationships Ronaldo 's children Via a surrogate mother Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Junior ( born 2010 ) Via a surrogate mother Eva Maria ( born 2017 ) Mateo ( born 2017 ) By Georgina Rodriguez Alana Martina ( born 2017 ) Ronaldo 's father , José Dinis Aveiro , died of an alcoholism - related liver condition at age 52 in September 2005 when Ronaldo was 20 . Ronaldo has said that he does not drink alcohol , and he received libel damages over a Daily Mirror article that reported him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008 . Ronaldo became father to a son in June 2010 , announcing that he had full custody of the child and would not be publicly revealing the identity of his son 's mother . In January 2015 , Ronaldo announced his five - year relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk ended . In June 2017 , Ronaldo announced he had become the father to twins , a daughter Eva Maria and a son Mateo . Five months later , his girlfriend Georgina Rodríguez gave birth to their daughter Alana Martina . Philanthropy Ronaldo has made contributions to various charitable causes throughout his career . Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight - year - old boy survivor named Martunis wearing a number 7 Portuguese football shirt who was stranded for 19 days after his family was killed . Following this , Ronaldo visited Aceh , Indonesia , to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction . After accepting undisclosed damages from a libel case against The Sun newspaper in 2008 , Ronaldo donated the damages to a charity in Madeira . In 2009 , Ronaldo donated £ 100,000 to the hospital that saved his mother 's life in Madeira following her battle with cancer , so that they could build a cancer centre on the island . In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood , Ronaldo pledged to play in a charity match in Madeira between Primeira Liga club Porto and players from Madeiran - based clubs Marítimo and Nacional . In 2012 , Ronaldo and his agent paid for specialist treatment for a nine - year - old Canarian boy with apparently terminal cancer . In November 2012 , Ronaldo sold the golden boot he had won in 2011 for € 1.5 million and gave the money to fund schools for children in Gaza . In December 2012 , Ronaldo joined FIFA 's `` 11 for Health '' programme to raise awareness amongst kids of how to steer clear of conditions including drug addiction , HIV , malaria and obesity . In January 2013 , Ronaldo became Save the Children 's new Global Artist Ambassador , in which he hopes to help fight child hunger and obesity . In March , Ronaldo agreed to be the ambassador for The Mangrove Care Forum in Indonesia , an organisation aiming to raise awareness of mangrove conservation . In November 2014 , Ronaldo appeared in FIFA 's `` 11 against Ebola '' campaign with a selection of top football players from around the world , including Neymar , Gareth Bale , Xavi and Didier Drogba . Under the slogan `` Together , we can beat Ebola '' , FIFA 's campaign was done in conjunction with the Confederation of African Football and health experts , with the players holding up 11 messages to raise awareness of the disease and ways to combat it . He was named the world 's most charitable sportsperson in 2015 . In June 2016 , Ronaldo donated the entirety of his € 600,000 Champions League bonus after Real Madrid won the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Champions League . In August 2016 , Ronaldo launched CR7Selfie , a selfie app for charity to help Save the Children that lets participants take a selfie with him in one of several different outfits and poses . In the app , fans can select from among 68 photos of Ronaldo in different outfits and poses , and scroll through 39 filters to apply to their selfies . Controversies In April 2017 , a story was published by Der Spiegel based on leaked documents provided by Football Leaks relating to an alleged rape by Ronaldo , stating the alleged assault occurred in 2009 but that a legal agreement and accompanying non-disclosure agreement was entered into , resulting in the alleged charges being dropped . Ronaldo 's agent Jorge Mendes denied the claims , labelling them `` journalistic fiction '' , with Ronaldo stating it was consensual sex . Der Spiegel published a further story in response to the denial , alleging that text messages sent by Ronaldo showed he was aware of the legal negotiations . According to Der Spiegel , the woman received US $375,000 in the settlement . In July 2017 , Ronaldo was charged with fraudulently evading almost € 15 million in tax between 2011 and 2014 , a claim he denies . In May 2018 , Spanish tax authorities rejected Ronaldo 's settlement offer of € 14 million . It was reported on 15 June , just before Spain played Portugal in the 2018 World Cup , Ronaldo had been sentenced to two years in jail ( suspended ) and fined € 18.8 million after reaching a deal with Spanish authorities . The sentence can be served under probation , without any jail time , so long as he does not reoffend . On 15 June 2018 , Ronaldo paid $21.7 million in restitution regarding his past tax frauds in order to avoid jail time . The Spanish government would later reduce the amount by 2 millions euros . Career Statistics Club As of match played 26 May 2018 Appearances and goals by club , season and competition Club Season League Cup League Cup Europe Other Total Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Sporting CP B 2002 -- 03 Segunda Divisão 0 -- -- -- -- 0 Sporting CP 2002 -- 03 Primeira Liga 25 -- 0 0 0 31 5 Manchester United 2003 -- 04 Premier League 29 5 0 5 0 0 0 40 6 2004 -- 05 Premier League 33 5 7 0 8 0 0 0 50 9 2005 -- 06 Premier League 33 9 0 8 -- 47 12 2006 -- 07 Premier League 34 17 7 0 11 -- 53 23 2007 -- 08 Premier League 34 31 0 0 11 8 0 49 42 2008 -- 09 Premier League 33 18 12 53 26 Total 196 84 26 13 12 55 16 292 118 Real Madrid 2009 -- 10 La Liga 29 26 0 0 -- 6 7 -- 35 33 2010 -- 11 La Liga 34 40 8 7 -- 12 6 -- 54 53 2011 -- 12 La Liga 38 46 5 -- 10 10 55 60 2012 -- 13 La Liga 34 34 7 7 -- 12 12 55 55 2013 -- 14 La Liga 30 31 6 -- 11 17 -- 47 51 2014 -- 15 La Liga 35 48 -- 12 10 5 54 61 2015 -- 16 La Liga 36 35 0 0 -- 12 16 -- 48 51 2016 -- 17 La Liga 29 25 -- 13 12 46 42 2017 -- 18 La Liga 27 26 0 0 -- 13 15 44 44 Total 292 311 30 22 -- 101 105 15 12 438 450 Juventus 2018 -- 19 Serie A 0 0 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 Career total 515 398 59 37 12 159 121 18 13 763 573 Notes Jump up ^ Includes the Taça de Portugal , FA Cup , Copa del Rey , and Coppa Italia Jump up ^ All appearance ( s ) in UEFA Champions League , unless where noted . Jump up ^ Includes the FA Community Shield , Supercopa de España , Supercoppa Italiana , UEFA Super Cup , and FIFA Club World Cup Jump up ^ One appearance in UEFA Champions League , two appearances in UEFA Cup Jump up ^ Appearance in FA Community Shield ^ Jump up to : All appearances in FIFA Club World Cup Jump up ^ Does not include one goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad . Marca , which awards the Pichichi Trophy , attribute it to Ronaldo , while La Liga and UEFA attribute it to Pepe . ^ Jump up to : All appearances in Supercopa de España Jump up ^ One appearance and two goals in UEFA Super Cup , two appearances in Supercopa de España , two appearances in FIFA Club World Cup Jump up ^ One appearance in UEFA Super Cup , one appearance and one goal in Supercopa de España , two appearances and two goals in FIFA Club World Cup International For a comprehensive listing of international goals scored by Cristiano Ronaldo , see List of international goals scored by Cristiano Ronaldo . As of match played 30 June 2018 National team Year Competitive Friendly Total Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Portugal 2003 0 0 0 0 11 7 5 0 16 7 2005 7 0 11 2006 10 14 6 2007 9 5 0 10 5 2008 5 0 8 2009 5 0 7 6 5 0 11 2011 6 5 8 7 2012 9 13 5 2013 6 7 9 10 2014 5 9 5 2015 0 5 2016 10 10 13 13 2017 10 10 11 11 2018 7 6 Total 107 68 47 17 154 85 Honours and achievements For a comprehensive listing of Ronaldo 's achievements , see List of career achievements by Cristiano Ronaldo . Ronaldo presenting his third Ballon d'Or to fans at the Santiago Bernabéu in January 2015 Club As of 26 May 2018 Sporting CP Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira : 2002 Manchester United Premier League : 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 , 2008 -- 09 FA Cup : 2003 -- 04 Football League Cup : 2005 -- 06 , 2008 -- 09 FA Community Shield : 2007 UEFA Champions League : 2007 -- 08 FIFA Club World Cup : 2008 Real Madrid La Liga : 2011 -- 12 , 2016 -- 17 Copa del Rey : 2010 -- 11 , 2013 -- 14 Supercopa de España : 2012 , 2017 UEFA Champions League : 2013 -- 14 , 2015 -- 16 , 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 UEFA Super Cup : 2014 , 2017 FIFA Club World Cup : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 International Portugal UEFA European Championship : 2016 Individual Awards FIFA Ballon d'Or / Ballon d'Or : 2008 , 2013 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017 FIFA World Player of the Year : 2008 FIFPro World Player of the Year : 2008 The Best FIFA Men 's Player : 2016 , 2017 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award : 2014 , 2016 , 2017 UEFA Club Footballer of the Year : 2007 -- 08 World Soccer Player of the Year : 2008 , 2013 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017 FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year : 2003 -- 04 , 2004 -- 05 PFA Portuguese Player of the Year : 2016 , 2017 European Golden Shoe : 2007 -- 08 , 2010 -- 11 , 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 FIFA Puskás Award : 2009 FIFA FIFPro World XI : 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 UEFA Team of the Year : 2004 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season : 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 , 2015 -- 16 , 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament : 2004 , 2012 , 2016 UEFA European Championship Silver Boot : 2016 UEFA Euro All Time XI PFA Young Player of the Year : 2006 -- 07 PFA Players ' Player of the Year : 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 Premier League Player of the Season : 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 PFA Premier League Team of the Year : 2005 -- 06 , 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 , 2008 -- 09 Premier League Golden Boot : 2007 -- 08 Performances FIFA Club World Cup top assist provider : 2014 FIFA Club World Cup top goal scorer : 2016 , 2017 UEFA Champions League top goalscorer : 2007 -- 08 , 2012 -- 13 , 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 , 2015 -- 16 , 2016 -- 17 , 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League top assist provider : 2013 -- 14 UEFA European Championship top goalscorer : 2012 La Liga top scorer : 2010 -- 11 , 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 Orders Medal of Merit , Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa ( House of Bragança ) Grand officer of the Order of Prince Henry Commander of the Order of Merit Cordão Autonómico de Distinção Records As of 14 July 2018 World Most ( FIFA ) Ballon d'Or awards : 5 ( 2008 , 2013 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017 ) ( shared with Lionel Messi ) Most World Soccer Player of the Year awards : 5 ( 2008 , 2013 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017 ) Most IFFHS World 's Best Top Goal Scorer awards : 4 ( 2013 , 2014 , 2016 , 2017 ) The most expensive footballer in history : 2009 -- 2013 Most FIFA Club World Cup or Intercontinental Cup ( football ) trophies : 4 ( shared with Toni Kroos ) Top goalscorer in the history of FIFA Club World Cup or Intercontinental Cup ( football ) : 7 goals ( shared with Pelé ) Most FIFA Club World Cup final goals : 4 ( shared with Lionel Messi ) Most appearances in the FIFPro World XI : 11 times ( 2007 -- 2017 ) ( shared with Lionel Messi ) Only player who has scored in 8 consecutive major international tournaments : the 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 editions of the European Championship ; and the 2006 , 2010 , 2014 and 2018 editions of the World Cup First footballer to reach 40 goals in a professional league for two consecutive seasons Only player to score 50 goals or more in six different seasons ( done consecutively ) Only player to score 50 goals or more in 7 consecutive calendar years Only player in history to have scored 60 or more goals in a calendar year four times ( consecutively from 2011 to 2014 ) Continental Most career goals in Europe 's top six leagues : 398 goals Most goals scored in all UEFA competitions : 158 goals Most goals scored in UEFA club competitions : 123 goals Most goals scored in the UEFA Champions League : 120 goals Most assists in the UEFA Champions League : 34 assists Most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League / European Cup season : 17 goals in 2013 -- 14 Most hat - tricks in the UEFA Champions League : 7 ( shared with Lionel Messi ) Most goals scored in the UEFA European Championship , including qualifying : 29 goals , for Portugal Most goals scored in UEFA European Championship and European FIFA World Cup qualifiers : 50 goals Most UEFA Best Player in Europe awards : 4 ( 2008 , 2014 , 2016 and 2017 ) Most goals scored in European World Cup Qualifiers : 30 goals Europe 's all - time leading international goalscorer : 85 goals Spain Most hat - tricks in La Liga history : 34 Most goals scored from penalty kicks in La Liga history : 61 Fastest La Liga player to score 150 league goals ( 140 games ) Portugal Portugal 's most capped player of all time : 154 caps Portugal 's all - time top goalscorer : 85 goals Real Madrid Real Madrid all - time top goalscorer : 451 goals Top goalscorer in La Liga : 311 goals Top goalscorer in UEFA Champions League : 105 goals Most assists in La Liga : 85 assists Most assists in UEFA Champions League : 25 assists See also Biography portal Association football portal Portugal portal List of men 's footballers with 50 or more international goals List of footballers with 100 or more caps List of men 's footballers with 500 or more goals References Notes Jump up ^ Though there was no third place playoff , UEFA decided in the 2012 edition to award the semi-final losers ( Germany and Portugal ) bronze medals for the first time : https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/competitions/euro/91/87/57/918757_download.pdf Jump up ^ The terminology for the award has varied . Ronaldo received three Ballon d'Or ( 2008 , 2016 , 2017 ) and two FIFA Ballon d'Or ( 2013 , 2014 ) , as well as the 2008 FIFA World Player of the Year and 2016 and 2017 Best FIFA Men 's Player awards . Jump up ^ Since surpassed by Gareth Bale 's fee of € 100.8 million in 2013 ( also to Real Madrid ) , Paul Pogba 's € 105 million transfer fee to Manchester United in 2016 , and Neymar 's € 222 million transfer fee to Paris Saint - Germain in 2017 . Jump up ^ Record shared with Lionel Messi , who recorded 8 hat - tricks in the 2011 -- 12 La Liga season . Jump up ^ Real Madrid had previously recognized Ronaldo as their all - time top scorer after he scored a brace against Malmö FF on 30 September 2015 . The club 's official record book attributes to Ronaldo a 74th - minute goal in a 2 -- 1 win over Real Sociedad on 18 September 2010 , despite his free - kick having been deflected by Pepe . Jump up ^ Bayern Munich had previously won three consecutive European Cups , the predecessor of the Champions League . Jump up ^ Macdonald , Paul . `` A future without Messi and Ronaldo '' . Goal . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Staunton , Peter . `` Messi and Ronaldo : Changing the face of football '' . Goal . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Haugstad , Thore ( 11 January 2016 ) . `` Whoever wins the Ballon d'Or , the Messi - Ronaldo duopoly is coming to an end '' . Official website of Eurosport . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Brewin , John ( 16 July 2018 ) . `` Will Cristiano Ronaldo 's Madrid departure hasten the end of the ' Greatest ' era ? '' . Tifo Football . Retrieved 11 August 2018 . Jump up ^ Ryan , Danny ( 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo is the world 's greatest ever goal scorer '' . GiveMeSport . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . `` From a flashy winger to the greatest goal scorer Europe ever produced '' . Sportskeeda. 14 October 2017 . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . Ruthven , Graham ( 7 June 2017 ) . `` ' Cristiano Ronaldo is the greatest goalscorer of all time ' '' . Marca English . Retrieved 21 January 2018 . Jump up ^ Dawson , Alan ( 13 April 2018 ) . `` We analysed who the better big - game player is , Cristiano Ronaldo or Lionel Messi -- and the stats show the winner is clear '' . Business Insider . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Weiner , David ( 7 March 2018 ) . `` Scary proof Ronaldo is the ultimate big game player '' . The Queensland Times . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Jones , Robert ( 5 April 2018 ) . `` Ronaldo has become king of the big - game occasion for Real Madrid '' . Belfast Telegraph . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Bradley , Ciaran ( 15 February 2018 ) . `` Giles : Ronaldo is a genius and made for big games '' . Off the Ball . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Sunderland , Tom ( 11 November 2013 ) . `` 10 Biggest Divers in World Football 6 . Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Bleacher Report . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Pickup , Oliver ( 30 June 2014 ) . `` Arjen Robben joins list of top 9 football divers of all time , but where does he rank compared to the others ? '' . The Telegraph . Retrieved 30 December 2017 . 6 . Cristiano Ronaldo `` Sir Alex Ferguson admits Cristiano Ronaldo was a diver '' . Sport English . 2015 . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Citations Jump up ^ `` FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2017 : List of players : Real Madrid CF '' ( PDF ) . FIFA. 16 December 2017 . p. 5 . Retrieved 23 December 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Lewis , Tim ( 8 June 2008 ) . `` He 's got the world at his feet '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 5 November 2008 . Jump up ^ `` 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia -- List of Players '' ( PDF ) . FIFA.com . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 10 June 2018 . p. 23 . Retrieved 10 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` FourFourTwo 's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER '' . FourFourTwo. 24 July 2017 . Retrieved 31 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Pelé has been voted the greatest footballer of all time '' . The Independent . 27 May 2018 . Retrieved 31 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo first to win five Champions League titles '' . UEFA . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo goal , Portugal vs Morocco World Cup 2018 : Real Madrid forward breaks record with header '' . The Independent . 20 June 2018 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Desporto -- Pelos caminhos de Ronaldo '' . Diário de Notícias. 6 July 2009 . Retrieved 22 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano turns 32 '' . Marca . Spain . 5 February 2017 . Retrieved 22 July 2017 . Jump up ^ Fiebre Maldini : Los inicios de Cristiano Ronaldo ( flv ) ( Television production ) ( in Spanish ) . Madrid : Canal+ ( a division of PRISA TV ) . 22 April 2008 . Jump up ^ Fitzpatrick , Richard ( 1 October 2012 ) . El Clasico : Barcelona V Real Madrid : Football 's Greatest Rivalry . A&C Black . p. 122 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo tem ' costela ' cabo - verdiana '' . Sapo Expresso ( in Portuguese ) . Retrieved 23 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo spills all to his ' close friend ' Jasmine about women , football , cars ... and money '' . Daily Mirror. 3 July 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Bola de Ouro -- Ronaldo conquistou primeiro prémio aos oito anos no Andorinha '' ( in Portguese ) . Diário de Notícias. 2 December 2008 . Retrieved 23 August 2017 . CS1 maint : Unrecognized language ( link ) Jump up ^ Ben Hayward ( 23 June 2017 ) . `` The ' little bee ' who always cried -- the story of young Ronaldo 's path to greatness in Madeira '' . goal.com . Retrieved 23 August 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Clash of the Titans '' . Manchester Evening News . 18 April 2010 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Profile of Ronaldo at about.com '' . about.com . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo : I was expelled from school for throwing a chair at the teacher '' . Now Magazine . 6 July 2011 . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Biography & Facts '' . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 11 August 2018 . Jump up ^ Conte , Peter ( 8 May 2018 ) . `` What you did n't know about Cristiano Ronaldo '' . NewsComAu . Retrieved 11 August 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Manchester United winger Cristiano Ronaldo needed heart operation to save career '' . The Telegraph . 29 January 2009 . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Boloni își amintește de debutul lui Ronaldo la Sporting : `` Nu reușeam să îl opresc să facă driblinguri '' `` . DigiSport. 13 January 2015 . Retrieved 24 February 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Famous players featured in U17 c'ships '' . uefau17.com . Archived from the original on 2 June 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Liverpool ' turned down Ronaldo ' '' . Eurosport. 6 December 2011 . Archived from the original on 8 December 2010 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Conn , David ( 19 January 2011 ) . `` The brightest star in Europe and £ 1m to a mysterious agent '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 11 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Pilger , Sam ( 6 October 2017 ) . `` ' He Was There to Put on a Show ' : Ronaldo 's Legendary Manchester United Audition '' . Bleacher Report . Retrieved 27 May 2018 . Jump up ^ Marshall , Adam ( 12 August 2003 ) . `` United confirm Ronaldo capture '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Message from the president '' . Sporting Clube de Portugal . 29 April 2013 . Archived from the original on 17 May 2014 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd sign Ronaldo '' . BBC Sport. 12 August 2003 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Wallace , Sam ( 13 August 2003 ) . `` United fork out record £ 12m fee to land teenager '' . The Daily Telegraph . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 13 August 2003 ) . `` Teenager takes Beckham No7 shirt '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : McDonnell , David ( 29 September 2007 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo exclusive '' . Daily Mirror . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo vows to justify price tag '' . BBC Sport. 4 July 2009 . Retrieved 4 July 2009 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Paul ( 17 August 2003 ) . `` Only one Ronaldo as United find new idol '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Barnes , Justin ( 12 June 2014 ) . `` George Best on Ronaldo 's Debut For Man Utd '' . Sabotage Times . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd see off Pompey '' . BBC Sport. 1 November 2003 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Weaver , Paul ( 22 March 2004 ) . `` United rediscover form and put Arsenal on red alert '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Ridley , Ian ( 15 May 2004 ) . `` Ronaldo 's good and bad day '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd win FA Cup '' . BBC Sport. 22 May 2004 . Retrieved 26 January 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd 3 -- 1 Aston Villa '' . BBC . 22 January 2005 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Arsenal 2 -- 4 Man Utd '' . BBC . 1 February 2005 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 20 January 2005 ) . `` Rooney ends Exeter dream '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Paul ( 20 February 2005 ) . `` Rooney return proves a distraction as Fortune steals in to seize chance '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Lawrence , Amy ( 13 March 2005 ) . `` Coastal breeze for United as Keane blows away resistance '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 18 April 2005 ) . `` Ferguson 's men triumph by a one - way street '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Arsenal 0 -- 0 Man Utd ( aet ) '' . BBC Sport. 21 May 2005 . Retrieved 19 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd 4 -- 1 Bolton '' . BBC . 31 December 2005 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Hodgson , Guy ( 5 February 2006 ) . `` Manchester Utd 4 Fulham 2 : Ronaldo 's double proves decisive as Fulham fume '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Portsmouth 1 -- 3 Man Utd '' . BBC . 11 February 2006 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Middlesbrough 4 -- 1 Man Utd '' . BBC Sport. 29 October 2005 . Retrieved 1 February 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo extends Man Utd contract '' . BBC Sport. 18 November 2005 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd ease to Carling Cup glory '' . BBC Sport. 26 February 2006 . Retrieved 26 January 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo ban after finger gesture '' . BBC . 14 November 2015 . Retrieved 3 February 2006 . Jump up ^ Buckingham , Mark ( 15 January 2006 ) . `` Fergie upset with red card '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Brennan , Stuart ( 17 January 2006 ) . `` Ruud and Ron in training bust - up '' . Manchester Evening News . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Mitten , Andy ( 9 May 2006 ) . `` Ronaldo jibe left Van Nistelrooy out in cold '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd 4 -- 0 Charlton '' . BBC . 7 May 2006 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Rich , Tim ( 8 May 2006 ) . `` United move on without Van Nistelrooy '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Rooney 's dismissal stuns England '' . BBC . 1 July 2006 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 3 July 2006 ) . `` Rooney must look at himself rather than blame Ronaldo '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo wants transfer to Spain '' . BBC . 9 July 2006 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Stirling , James ( 9 July 2006 ) . `` Ronaldo : I ca n't stay in Manchester '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Buckingham , Mark ( 12 July 2006 ) . `` United : Ronaldo not for sale '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo not for sale '' . World Soccer. 12 July 2006 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Tyldesley , Clive ( 25 September 2006 ) . `` Ronaldo has last laugh on Reading fans '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Winter , Henry ( 29 August 2013 ) . `` The secrets behind the development of Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo , revealed by Rene Meulensteen '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 13 November 2006 ) . `` New Ronaldo earns old - style respect with pride after a fall '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ James , Stuart ( 24 December 2006 ) . `` Cristiano 's stockings full of gifts for United '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 27 December 2006 ) . `` Ferguson giddy with glee as Ronaldo stretches United 's lead '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Paul ( 31 December 2006 ) . `` Ronaldo stretches United 's advantage '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo lands back - to - back accolades '' . inthenews.com. 11 January 2007 . Archived from the original on 4 June 2007 . Retrieved 12 January 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo wins monthly award again '' . BBC Sport. 11 January 2007 . Retrieved 2 January 2010 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 11 April 2007 ) . `` Seven wonders of sublime United dazzle and destroy helpless Roma '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Glendenning , Barry ( 24 April 2007 ) . `` Man Utd 3 -- 2 AC Milan '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 3 May 2007 ) . `` Man Utd 3 -- 2 AC Milan '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McNulty , Phil ( 14 April 2007 ) . `` Watford 1 -- 4 Man Utd '' . BBC . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` FA Cup final -- Chelsea 1 -- 0 Man Utd '' . BBC Sport. 19 May 2007 . Archived from the original on 24 May 2007 . Retrieved 19 May 2007 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Paul ( 6 May 2007 ) . `` Misfiring Ronaldo gets a kick out of giving City the runaround '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo wins PFA double '' . World Soccer. 23 April 2007 . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Buckingham , Mark ( 4 May 2007 ) . `` Writers award for Ronaldo '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo secures PFA awards double '' . BBC Sport. 22 April 2007 . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Kay , Oliver ( 14 April 2007 ) . `` Ferguson lets rip at Madrid after Ronaldo signs £ 31m deal '' . The Times . London . Retrieved 16 April 2007 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 20 September 2007 ) . `` Lionised Ronaldo lights up his Lisbon homecoming '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Winter , Henry ( 16 August 2007 ) . `` Man Utd 's Ronaldo sent off at Portsmouth '' . The Telegraph . Retrieved 20 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo pledges to keep his cool '' . BBC Sport. 15 August 2007 . Retrieved 2 January 2010 . Jump up ^ `` United go top '' . Sky Sports . 6 October 2007 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Fifield , Dominic ( 12 November 2007 ) . `` Ronaldo rolls over Rovers in drive to the top '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Pearson , James ( 3 December 2007 ) . `` Fulham undone by Ronaldo '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 24 December 2007 ) . `` Ronaldo seizes late gift to light up United '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Kaká 's year capped by Ballon d'Or '' . UEFA. 2 December 2007 . Retrieved 3 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo : Going the right way '' . FIFA. 17 December 2007 . Archived from the original on 18 December 2007 . Retrieved 18 December 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd 6 -- 0 Newcastle '' . BBC Sport. 12 January 2008 . Retrieved 12 January 2008 . Jump up ^ Kay , Oliver ( 20 March 2008 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo revels in role of Captain Fantastic as United stretch lead '' . The Times . London . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 1 April 2008 ) . `` Best 's crown intact until Ronaldo cures his travel sickness '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 2 April 2008 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 12 May 2008 ) . `` Ronaldo makes Wigan suffer as champions mix business with pleasure '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo & Ferguson win top awards '' . BBC Sport. 14 May 2008 . Retrieved 16 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo scoops ESM Golden Shoe '' . UEFA Official Website. 17 June 2008 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Brown , Oliver ( 5 March 2008 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo puts Man Utd into quarters '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Herbert , Ian ( 2 April 2008 ) . `` Ronaldo and Rooney combine to leave Roma in ruins again '' . The Independent . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McCarra , Kevin ( 24 April 2008 ) . `` Ronaldo fluffs penalty but United hold firm '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Rutledge , Lewis ( 29 April 2008 ) . `` Scholes seals final spot '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Hodges , Vicki ( 22 May 2008 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's penalty technique ' unacceptable ' '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ McNulty , Phil ( 22 May 2008 ) . `` Man Utd earn dramatic Euro glory '' . BBC . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Wallace , Sam ( 22 May 2008 ) . `` Terry 's cruel slip hands Cup to United on unforgettable night '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . UEFA . Retrieved 24 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo named player of the year '' . BBC Sport. 27 April 2008 . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo wins writers ' award again '' . BBC Sport. 2 May 2008 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo breaks silence '' . Sky Sports . 5 June 2008 . Retrieved 5 June 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Real reported over Ronaldo link '' . BBC Sport. 9 June 2008 . Retrieved 9 June 2008 . Jump up ^ Gardner , Alan ( 16 June 2008 ) . `` Fifa decline to take action against Real '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Dall , James ( 10 July 2008 ) . `` Blatter -- Let Ronaldo leave '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 11 July 2008 ) . `` I am a slave , says Ronaldo as he pushes for Madrid move '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo sticks with United '' . ESPN . 7 August 2008 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo ankle surgery a ' success ' '' . BBC Sport. 7 July 2008 . Retrieved 2 January 2010 . Jump up ^ Hart , Simon ( 17 September 2008 ) . `` Villarreal return to frustrate United '' . UEFA . Retrieved 18 September 2008 . Jump up ^ Weaver , Paul ( 17 November 2008 ) . `` United swear by Ronaldo as Stoke can only curse '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Stat Attack '' . The United Review . Manchester United . 70 ( 11 ) : 65 . 15 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 30 November 2008 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo is sent off but United show City who are kings of Manchester '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Bailey , Richard ( 18 December 2008 ) . `` United secure final date '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Bevan , Chris ( 21 December 2008 ) . `` Liga de Quito 0 -- 1 Man Utd '' . BBC . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Rooney crowned best player '' . FIFA Official Website. 21 December 2008 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Roughley , Gregg ( 2 December 2008 ) . `` Ronaldo beats off Messi and Torres to scoop Ballon d'Or '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo named Fifa player of 2008 '' . BBC Sport. 12 January 2009 . Retrieved 2 January 2010 . Jump up ^ McNulty , Phil ( 11 March 2009 ) . `` Man Utd 2 -- 0 Inter Milan ( agg 2 -- 0 ) '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 11 March 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo 's ' incredible , fantastic ' goal '' . FIFA. 21 December 2009 . Archived from the original on 24 December 2009 . Retrieved 15 January 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo stunner thrills Ferguson '' . BBC Sport. 15 April 2009 . Retrieved 15 April 2009 . Jump up ^ `` United cruise into final '' . Sky Sports . 5 May 2009 . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Williams , Richard ( 27 May 2009 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo in a mess as Lionel Messi takes lead role on grand stage '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Player Profile Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Premier League . Retrieved 17 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Man Utd 0 -- 0 Tottenham ( aet ) '' . BBC Sport. 1 March 2009 . Retrieved 17 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Premier League Team of the Year '' . Sky Sports . 28 April 2009 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` United closing in on glory '' . Sky Sports . 10 May 2009 . Retrieved 29 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Ogden , Mark ( 11 June 2009 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo transfer : Real Madrid agree £ 80 million fee with Manchester United '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 5 November 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo agrees six - year Real deal '' . BBC Sport. 26 June 2009 . Retrieved 27 June 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo welcomed by 80,000 fans at Real Madrid unveiling '' . The Guardian . London . 6 July 2009 . Retrieved 6 July 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo Takes Raul 's No. 7 Shirt at Real Madrid , Benzema Moves To No. 9 , Xabi Alonso Takes No. 14 '' . whoateallthepies.tv. 3 August 2010 . Retrieved 3 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo To Wear No. 9 at Real Madrid -- Report '' . goal.com. 6 June 2009 . Retrieved 6 June 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo aims shot at English game '' . BBC Sport. 6 July 2009 . Retrieved 6 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo in winning start for Real '' . BBC Sport. 29 August 2009 . Retrieved 29 August 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo makes Real Madrid history '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 23 September 2009 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Tuesday 's Champions League review '' . BBC Sport. 15 September 2009 . Retrieved 15 September 2009 . Jump up ^ Glendenning , Barry ( 3 November 2009 ) . `` Champions League : Milan v Real Madrid -- as it happened '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo forced out of Milan meetings '' . UEFA. 11 October 2009 . Retrieved 22 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores and sent off in Real victory '' . BBC Sport. 5 December 2009 . Retrieved 5 December 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro : 2009 -- 10 '' . BDFutbol . Retrieved 25 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo hat - trick keeps Real Madrid on Barcelona 's tail '' . The Guardian . 6 May 2010 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The cristiano ronaldo - higuain duo holds the real madrid 's scoring record '' . 1x2.eu. 6 May 2010 . Retrieved 6 May 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores four in Real Madrid victory '' . BBC . 23 October 2010 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo matches Messi 's treble as Real and Barca go goal crazy '' . CNN . 20 November 2010 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo hat - trick sees Real past Villarreal '' . Eurosport. 9 January 2011 . Archived from the original on 12 January 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 4 March 2011 ) . `` No redemption for Manuel Pellegrini on a grim return to the Bernabéu '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Chadband , Ian ( 30 November 2015 ) . `` Messi , Ronaldo and Neymar are Ballon d'Or nominees '' . Reuters . Retrieved 29 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro : 2010 -- 11 '' . BDFutbol . Retrieved 25 December 2013 . Jump up ^ Madrid clinch Copa del Rey Sky Sports Retrieved 20 April 2011 Archived 23 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo scores 4 as Madrid thrash Sevilla '' . CNN . 8 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid delay coronation of Barcelona as La Liga champions '' . The Independent . 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo equals La Liga goal - scoring record '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 16 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo sets new Primera Liga scoring record '' . BBC . 21 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Record - breaking Ronaldo wins 2010 / 11 Golden Shoe '' . UEFA Official Website. 23 May 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid Squad Stats ( Spanish Primera División ) -- 2011 -- 12 '' . ESPN . Retrieved 7 September 2014 Jump up ^ `` Barcelona 3 Real Madrid 2 ; agg 5 -- 4 , match report '' . The Telegraph . 29 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo grabs hat - trick as Real Madrid defeat Zaragoza 6 -- 0 '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 28 August 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Hat tricks for Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo '' . ESPN . 24 September 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo grabs hat - trick as Real go top in Spain '' . CNN . 22 October 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 25 May 2013 ) . `` Bayern Munich hold nerve to beat Real Madrid on penalties in semi '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's sixth hat - trick of the season sees Real Madrid open 10 - point lead over Barcelona '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 13 February 2012 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Madrid and Barca victorious '' . ESPN Soccernet. 24 March 2011 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores hat - trick as Real Madrid defeat Atletico 4 -- 1 to maintain four = point cushion over Barcelona '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 12 April 2012 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lionel Messi : Barcelona striker 's goal record in numbers '' . BBC . 29 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo makes history scoring against every La Liga team '' . footballzz.com . Retrieved 14 May 2012 . ^ Jump up to : `` Barcelona 3 -- 2 Real Madrid -- as it happened '' . The Guardian . 23 August 2012 . Retrieved 30 August 2012 . Jump up ^ Ogden , Mark ( 3 September 2012 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo ' sad ' at Real Madrid and upset with ' people in the club ' after choosing not to celebrate goals '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 22 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Tynan , Gordon ( 4 October 2012 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo grabs another Real Madrid hat - trick '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Jenson , Pete ( 8 October 2012 ) . `` Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo : a class apart in el Clasico '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Messi crowned world 's best for record fourth time '' . CNN . 8 January 2013 . Retrieved 10 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Marioni , Massimo ( 7 January 2013 ) . `` Iker Casillas rejects captain 's armband gesture from Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Metro . UK . Retrieved 25 January 2013 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 30 January 2013 ) . `` Real Madrid 1 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey semi-final first leg match report '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo scores 300th club goal '' . Independent Online . South Africa . 27 January 2013 . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores hat - trick as Real Madrid thrash Celta Vigo '' . The Guardian . London . 9 January 2013 . Retrieved 25 January 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 4 -- 1 Sevilla La Liga match report '' . The Guardian . London . 10 February 2013 . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo reaches 200 goals for Real Madrid with Malaga strike '' . goal.com. 8 May 2013 . Retrieved 10 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 26 February 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores twice as Real Madrid crush Barcelona '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 13 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid vs. Atletico Madrid , 2013 Copa del Rey : Final score 1 -- 2 in thrilling extra time upset '' . sbnation.com. 18 May 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . Jump up ^ Greenberg , Chris ( 17 May 2013 ) . `` Ronaldo Red Card : Real Madrid Star Scores Opening Goal In Copa Del Rey Final , Gets Sent Off '' . HuffPost . Retrieved 24 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 13 February 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo rises to big occasion with impeccable timing '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 5 March 2013 ) . `` Nani 's red card opens door and Real Madrid defeat Manchester United '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 6 March 2013 . Jump up ^ Rigg , Zac Lee ( 4 April 2013 ) . `` Real Madrid ties up loose ends early against Galatasaray '' . Aol.sportingnews.com . Retrieved 20 April 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Galatasaray 3 -- 2 Real Madrid ( agg 3 -- 5 ) '' . The Guardian . London . 9 April 2013 . Retrieved 20 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Corrigan , Dermot ( 26 April 2013 ) . `` Ronaldo to miss Madrid derby '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 16 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 30 April 2013 ) . `` Real Madrid 2 -- 0 Borussia Dortmund Champions League semi-final , second leg match report '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 10 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Purnell , Gareth ( 12 June 2013 ) . `` Monaco set to make world record £ 85m bid for Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 8 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 24 August 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo tells Manchester United he is keen on a return to club '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 14 October 2013 . Jump up ^ Wallace , Sam ( 16 September 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo agrees £ 76m Real Madrid deal to end hopes of Manchester United return '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Gareth Bale contract leak sparks panic at Real Madrid -- and agent 's fury '' . The Telegraph ( 21 January 2016 ) . 21 January 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 200 goals for the BBC '' . Real Madrid Club de Fútbol. 24 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo : This is the form of my life '' . Yahoo Sport . Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 . Retrieved 27 November 2013 . Jump up ^ `` A Cristiano Ronaldo hat - trick sees Portugal beat Northern Ireland 4 -- 2 '' . Sky Sports . 7 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Unstoppable Ronaldo fires Portugal to Brazil '' . ESPN . 19 November 2013 . Retrieved 11 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo hits hat - trick as Real Madrid hammer Galatasaray '' . Sky Sports . 17 September 2013 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo and Bale among the goals as Real Madrid win 10 - goal thriller '' . CNN . 31 October 2013 . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` CR7 : 19 league hat - tricks and 20 goals from free kicks '' . As.com. 9 November 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's goal - den 2013 , month by month '' . Marca . Spain . 31 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : first player in history to score 10 + goals in 3 consecutive Uefa Champions League campaigns '' . Inagist. 27 February 2014 . Archived from the original on 11 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Equals Messi 's Record For Most Goals in One UEFA Champions League Season '' . World Soccer Talk . 2 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Bayern Munich 0 -- 4 Real Madrid : Cristiano Ronaldo beats Messi 's Champions League record '' . ESPN . 29 April 2014 . Retrieved 14 May 2014 . Jump up ^ Collett , Mike ( 24 May 2014 ) . `` Ronaldo first to score for two different European Cup winners '' . Reuters . Retrieved 25 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo ' risked career ' by playing through pain barrier '' . ESPN . 9 October 2014 . Retrieved 10 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Record - breaking Ronaldo takes scoring honours '' . UEFA. 24 May 2014 . Retrieved 3 June 2014 . Jump up ^ Oliver , Pete ( 23 April 2014 ) . `` Real Madrid 1 -- 0 Bayern Munich '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 14 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo named UEFA Best Player in Europe '' . Union of European Football Associations. 28 August 2014 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . After being named the winner of the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for 2013 / 14 in Monaco , Cristiano Ronaldo gave his reaction to UEFA.com . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo tops Aragonés record '' . Marca . Spain . 11 February 2014 . Jump up ^ Treadaway , Dan ( 12 February 2014 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo Has Scored a Goal in Every Minute of a Game Throughout His Career '' . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo to miss Copa del Rey final against Barcelona with injury '' . The Guardian . London . 15 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Barcelona 1 -- 2 Real Madrid '' . BBC Sport. 16 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Suarez claims top billing with Ronaldo '' . ESPN . 19 May 2014 . Retrieved 21 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo reaches 400 - goal milestone and dedicates achievement to Eusébio after Real Madrid win '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 7 January 2014 . Retrieved 13 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo , winner of the ' Best Goal in the 2013 -- 14 Liga BBVA ' '' . LFP. 27 October 2014 . Retrieved 4 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Rigg , Nicholas ( 28 October 2014 ) . `` Atletico Madrid snubbed at La Liga awards despite winning league ahead of Spanish giants Real Madrid and Barcelona '' . The Independent . Retrieved 8 March 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo beats his personal best for a single season '' . AS ( English ) . 24 May 2015 . Retrieved 24 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo flaunts Real Madrid pedigree in defeat of Sevilla '' . The Guardian . London . 12 August 2014 . Retrieved 13 August 2014 . Jump up ^ `` With 15 goals in first eight matches , Ronaldo sets best scoring start in Spanish league '' . independent.com.mt. 18 October 2014 . Retrieved 19 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo hits 25th hat - trick for Real Madrid with four against Elche '' . The Guardian . London . 23 September 2014 . Retrieved 24 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Deportivo de La Coruña 2 -- 8 Real Madrid '' . BBC . 20 September 2014 . Retrieved 20 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Real Madrid 5 -- 0 Athletic Bilbao '' . BBC News . 5 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo breaks La Liga hat trick record '' . ESPN FC. 6 December 2014 . Retrieved 7 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid claim FIFA Club World Cup '' . UEFA. 20 December 2014 . Retrieved 21 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 2014 FIFA Club World Cup awards '' . FIFA . Retrieved 7 July 2015 . Awards -- adidas Golden Ball -- 1 Real Madrid Club de Fútbol Sergio RAMOS 2 Real Madrid Club de Fútbol CRISTIANO RONALDO 3 Auckland City FC Ivan VICELICH Jump up ^ `` Ramos outshines the rest '' . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 20 December 2014 . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . adidas Silver Ball : Cristiano Ronaldo ( Real Madrid ) Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo , Kessler , Low and Kellermann triumph at FIFA Ballon d'Or 2014 '' . FIFA . Retrieved 13 January 2015 Jump up ^ Simon , Thomas ( 12 January 2015 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo dans la troisième dimension '' . France Football . Retrieved 12 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo slump hurts Real as in - form Messi drives Barca '' . Reuters. 10 February 2015 . Retrieved 10 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid fall short of world - record winning run as they lose 2 -- 1 to Valencia '' . The Daily Telegraph . 4 January 2015 . Retrieved 22 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo eclipses his best in an up - and - down Real Madrid campaign '' . ESPN FC. 28 May 2015 . Retrieved 27 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano levels Raúl and Messi in Europe with Schalke goal '' . 19 February 2015 . Retrieved 19 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo sets new all - time UEFA scoring record '' . 11 March 2015 . Retrieved 12 March 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo ties Alfredo Di Stefano in Real Madrid scoring chart '' . ESPN FC. 13 May 2015 . Retrieved 14 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Neymar , Messi and Ronaldo top scoring charts '' . UEFA. 6 June 2015 . Retrieved 7 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 9 -- 1 Granada '' . BBC . Retrieved 5 April 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Rayo Vallecano 0 -- 2 Real Madrid '' . BBC . 8 April 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Sevilla 2 -- 3 Real Madrid '' . BBC . 2 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo banned for two matches after dismissal '' . 28 January 2015 . Retrieved 2 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores hat trick to end year with personal - best 61 goals '' . ESPN FC. 23 May 2015 . Retrieved 24 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Un histórico Ronaldo lidera la goleada al Espanyol '' ( A historic Ronaldo leads the thrashing at Espanyol ) . laliga.es. 12 September 2015 . Retrieved 12 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Crisitano Ronaldo sets real madrid la liga scoring record '' . ESPN . 12 September 2015 . Retrieved 12 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 3 -- 0 Levante '' . BBC Sport. 17 October 2015 . Retrieved 17 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid celebrate Cristiano Ronaldo all time record '' . Sky Sports . 3 October 2015 . Retrieved 2 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores a hat - trick as Real Madrid beat Shakhtar '' . Sky Sports . 16 September 2015 . Retrieved 16 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo scores 500th career goal '' . ESPN FC. 30 September 2015 . Retrieved 30 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid cruise past Malmo and Cristiano Ronaldo moves level with Raúl '' . The Guardian . 30 September 2015 . Retrieved 30 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo rampant as Madrid put eight past Malmö '' . Union of European Football Associations. 8 December 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo sets goals record for Champions League group stage '' . Reuters. 8 December 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or over Cristiano Ronaldo and Neymar '' . BBC Sport. 11 January 2015 . Retrieved 22 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo hits back at critics after hat - trick : ' Goals are in my DNA ' '' . The Guardian . 13 April 2016 . Retrieved 21 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Balague , Guillem ( 13 April 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo was back to his best against Wolfsburg '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 21 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Sid ( 14 April 2016 ) , `` Sid Lowe 's Notes from Spain : a great week for Spain and a fantastic one for Madrid '' , World Soccer , retrieved 21 April 2016 Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 7 Celta Vigo 1 : Ronaldo hits four to beat Zarra mark '' . FourFourTwo. 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 5 March 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Barcelona 1 -- 2 Real Madrid '' . 3 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 3 -- 0 : Comeback accomplished , now for the semi-finals ; Real Madrid overcome Wolfsburg courtesy of a Cristiano Ronaldo hat - trick , to take their place in Friday 's Champions League draw '' . 12 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo takes scoring prize again '' . UEFA . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Stevens , Samuel ( 30 May 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo brands his critics ' jealous ' after third Champions League triumph '' . The Independent . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . Jump up ^ Delaney , Miguel ( 29 May 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo seals UCL for Real Madrid despite not being at his best '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo named Best Player in Europe '' . UEFA. 25 August 2016 . Retrieved 9 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo set to miss Real Madrid 's first three games of season with knee injury '' . sportskeeda. 8 March 2017 . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Official Announcement : Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Real Madrid C.F . Retrieved 6 November 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo , all - time top scorer in the derby against Atlético '' . Real Madrid C.F. 20 November 2016 . Retrieved 20 November 2016 . Following his hat - trick at the Calderón , the Portuguese has now scored 18 goals against Atlético , surpassing Di Stéfano 's record ( 17 ) . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo becomes top scorer in Madrid derby history '' . fourfourtwo.com. 20 November 2016 . Retrieved 20 November 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid forward Cristiano Ronaldo scores 500th club goal '' . ESPN FC. 15 December 2016 . Retrieved 15 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Madrid see off spirited Kashima in electric extra time final '' . FIFA. 18 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo , Modric and Shibasaki sweep awards '' . FIFA. 18 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo wins his fourth Ballon d'Or '' . Real Madrid C.F. 12 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The world at Cristiano Ronaldo 's feet '' . FIFA. 10 January 2017 . Retrieved 14 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo passes Hugo Sanchez 's La Liga penalty record '' . ESPN FC. 28 February 2017 . Retrieved 28 February 2017 . Jump up ^ OptaJose ( @ OptaJose ) ( 26 February 2017 ) . `` 57 -- Cristiano Ronaldo is now the player with most penalties scored in La Liga history , surpassing Hugo Sanchez ( 56 ) . Punisher '' ( Tweet ) . Retrieved 26 February 2017 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Leal , Antonio M. ( 27 February 2017 ) . `` Real Madrid have scored more than 5,900 goals in the league '' . Real Madrid C.F . Retrieved 28 February 2017 . The Cristiano penalty saw the total top another hundred . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo makes history with 100th European goal '' . Union of European Football Associations. 12 April 2017 . Retrieved 13 April 2017 . Cristiano Ronaldo has become the first player to reach a century of goals in UEFA club competition after scoring twice for Real Madrid at Bayern München . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores 100th Champions League goal '' . Goal. 18 April 2017 . Retrieved 19 April 2017 . Jump up ^ UEFA.com . `` Ronaldo hat - trick leaves Real Madrid on brink of final '' . UEFA . Retrieved 3 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo smashes Jimmy Greaves ' all - time goal record '' . Sky Sports . 17 May 2017 . Retrieved 18 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` El Real Madrid , campeón de LaLiga Santander 2016 / 17 '' . laliga.es. 21 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid win La Liga title with victory at Malaga '' . BBC . 21 May 2017 . Jump up ^ Andrew Das and Rory Smith ( 3 June 2017 ) . `` Champions League Final : Real Madrid Confirms Its Spot as World 's Best '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 3 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo nets 600th goal , hails ' unique moment ' '' . espnfc.com. 3 June 2017 . Retrieved 3 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Daniel Taylor ( 3 June 2017 ) . `` Real Madrid win Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats Juve '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 3 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Andrew Haslam ( 3 June 2017 ) . `` Majestic Real Madrid win Champions League in Cardiff '' . UEFA . Retrieved 3 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronado , sent off for diving and pushes the referee '' . Sport English . 14 August 2017 . Retrieved 30 August 2017 . Ronaldo then pushed the referee , who reported it in his match report . `` After being shown the red card the player pushed me lightly to show his dissatisfaction '' he wrote . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo handed five - match ban after red card against Barcelona '' . The Guardian . Press Association . 14 August 2017 . Retrieved 17 August 2017 . Jump up ^ Roger Gonzalez ( 16 August 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo 5 - game ban upheld after Real Madrid appeal denied ; out vs. Barca '' . CBS Sports . Retrieved 17 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale score as Real Madrid beat Borussia Dortmund '' . The Guardian . 26 September 2017 . Retrieved 27 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Best FIFA Men 's Player '' . FIFA . Retrieved 23 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 3 -- 2 Borussia Dortmund '' . BBC . 9 December 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ballon d'Or 2017 : Cristiano Ronaldo beats Lionel Messi to win fifth award '' . BBC . 8 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Dermot Corrigan ( 3 March 2018 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo becomes fastest to score 300th goal in La Liga '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 4 March 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 6 -- 3 Girona '' . BBC . 18 March 2018 . Jump up ^ Kyle Morientes ( 3 April 2018 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo scores overhead kick against Juventus '' . BT Sport . Retrieved 4 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Pat Nevin ( 3 April 2018 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo bicycle kick : Night Juventus Stadium rose to applaud Real Madrid forward '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 4 April 2018 . Jump up ^ NDTVSports.com . `` Watch : Cristiano Ronaldo 's Goal Leaves Sporting World In Awe -- NDTV Sports '' . NDTVSports.com . Retrieved 5 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Short , Joe ( 4 April 2018 ) . `` Was Ronaldo 's goal better than Zidane 's ? Real Madrid boss REFUSES to concede defeat '' . Express.co.uk . Retrieved 5 April 2018 . Jump up ^ Silva , Jose ( 4 April 2018 ) . `` Ronaldo Has More UCL Goals Than 465 European Teams '' . SoccerLaDuma . Retrieved 5 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo Hits 650th Career Goal as Incredible Scoring Run Continues '' . Goal . Retrieved 9 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League : Real Madrid 1 -- 3 Juventus '' . UEFA . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo edges Real Madrid past Juventus '' . uefa.com. 11 April 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Saffer , Paul ( 26 May 2018 ) . `` Three in a row : Real Madrid make more history '' . UEFA . Retrieved 29 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Madrid beat Liverpool to complete hat - trick '' . uefa.com. 26 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo puts future in doubt : ' It 's been very nice playing for Real Madrid ' '' . ESPN . 26 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo signs for Juventus ! '' . juventus.com ( Press release ) . 10 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo to Juventus : Is £ 99m signing a good deal for Italian champions ? '' . BBC . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo breaks transfer record '' . Football Italia. 10 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Juventus sign Real Madrid forward for £ 99.2 m '' . BBC . 10 July 2018 . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's farewell letter '' . Realmadrid.com. 10 July 2018 . Retrieved 11 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal -- Finlândia '' . fpf.com . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo is chosen for the Olympics '' . CNN . 21 July 2004 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ Wallace , Sam ( 24 July 2004 ) . `` Ronaldo keen to play at Olympics '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . fpf.com . Retrieved 12 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal -- Cazaquistão '' . fpf.com . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Greece spoil party for hosts Portugal '' . uefa.com. 13 June 2004 . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . Jump up ^ Harte , Adrian ( 25 June 2004 ) . `` Portugal hold their nerve against England '' . UEFA . Retrieved 23 April 2016 . 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Jump up ^ `` Podolski beats Ronaldo to award '' . BBC Sport. 7 July 2006 . Retrieved 10 July 2006 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal -- Azerbaijão '' . fpf.com . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal -- Cazaquistão '' . fpf.com . Retrieved 7 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo : I could leave United '' . Metro . UK . 7 February 2007 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Scolari delighted with Portugal victory over Brazil '' . Rediff. 7 February 2007 . Retrieved 15 July 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal '' . UEFA Official Website . Retrieved 15 August 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Top scorers for Euro 2008 European Qualifying campaign '' . ESPN FC . Jump up ^ `` Full - time report Czech Republic - Portugal '' ( PDF ) . UEFA. 11 June 2008 . Retrieved 26 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Pete Sanderson ( 12 June 2008 ) . `` Ronaldo show seals Portugal progress '' . UEFA.com . Retrieved 1 August 2018 . Jump up ^ Winter , Henry ( 20 June 2008 ) . `` Euro 2008 : German power leaves Portugal in despair '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Queiroz appointed Portugal coach '' . FIFA. 11 July 2008 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ Asante , Angela ( 15 October 2008 ) . `` Queiroz 's belief in Ronaldo as captain of Portugal '' . Archived from the original on 24 November 2012 . Retrieved 3 July 2012 . Jump up ^ Liew , Jonathan ( 20 November 2009 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Portugal star player at World Cup 2010 '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 23 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Full - time report Côte d'Ivoire - Portugal '' . FIFA. 15 June 2010 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 13 May 2012 . Retrieved 26 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Full - time report North Korea - Portugal '' . FIFA. 21 June 2010 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 18 June 2012 . Retrieved 26 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Full - time report Brazil - Portugal '' . FIFA. 25 June 2010 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 13 May 2012 . Retrieved 26 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` World Cup Match Results : Portugal vs North Korea -- FIFA World Cup 2010 '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 August 2010 . Jump up ^ Clegg , Jonathan ( 21 June 2010 ) . `` Portugal Beats North Korea in 7 -- 0 Rout '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 26 July 2010 . Jump up ^ `` World Cup 2010 : David Villa raises the roof as Spain push past Portugal '' . The Guardian ( London ) . Retrieved 28 May 2014 Jump up ^ Bevan , Chris ( 16 June 2012 ) . `` Euro 2012 : Who will survive the Group of Death ? '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 10 February 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Euro 2012 : Messi chants shake Cristiano Ronaldo further , Portugal ... '' Daily News . New York . 14 June 2012 . Retrieved 14 June 2012 . Jump up ^ James , Stuart ( 14 June 2012 ) . `` Portugal 's Cristiano Ronaldo aims dig at Lionel Messi '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 31 August 2014 . 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Jump up ^ Williams , Richard ( 27 June 2012 ) . `` Euro 2012 : Cristiano Ronaldo 's save - it - for - later approach hurts Portugal '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 28 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Euro 2012 : Cristiano Ronaldo says coach told him to take fifth penalty '' . The Guardian . London . 28 June 2012 . Retrieved 3 July 2012 . Jump up ^ Wagner , Frank ( 27 June 2012 ) . `` Portugal vs. Spain Euro 2012 : 5 Most to Blame for Portugal 's Penalty Collapse ( 5 of 7 -- Cristiano Ronaldo ) '' . bleacherreport.com . Turner Broadcasting System , Inc . Retrieved 13 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal winger Nani suggests that Ronaldo demanded the fifth penalty against Spain to take the glory '' . foxsports.com.au . News Corp Australia . Retrieved 13 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship '' ( PDF ) . 3.08 : UEFA . p. 10 . Retrieved 4 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Centurion Ronaldo honoured by UEFA '' . Union of European Football Associations. 17 October 2012 . 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Retrieved 23 June 2014 Jump up ^ Krishnan , Joe ( 19 June 2014 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Portugal star defies medics who warn playing against USA could end his career '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 28 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Daniel ( 5 November 2015 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo film captures giant ego and strange , lonely world of being CR7 '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 4 December 2015 . Jump up ^ Gill , Kieran ( 12 June 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo cuts training short and leaves with ice pack on knee ... so will Portugal 's star be fit for World Cup opener ? '' . Daily Mail . DMG Media Limited . Retrieved 13 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` World Cup 2014 : Cristiano Ronaldo limps out of training '' . BBC . 19 June 2014 . Retrieved 13 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo ' 100 percent fit ' for U.S. game '' . ESPN . 18 June 2014 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . Jump up ^ Ogden , Mark ( 23 June 2014 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo produces last gasp moment of magic to keep hopes alive '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 23 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Portugal 2 -- 1 Ghana '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 26 June 2014 Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo is the first Portuguese to score in three final stages '' . Diário de Notícias . Retrieved 26 June 2014 ( in Portuguese ) Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo deemed unfit , will miss Portugal Euro 2016 qualifier '' . sbnation.com . Retrieved 14 October 2014 Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo grabs last - gasp winner as Portugal beat Denmark '' . Eurosport.yahoo.com . Retrieved 14 October 2014 Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo adds to impressive record collection '' . UEFA.com . Retrieved 15 October 2014 Jump up ^ `` Armenia 2 -- 3 Portugal '' . BBC Sport ( British Broadcasting Corporation ) . 13 June 2015 . Retrieved 14 June 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` European Championship 's all - time top scorers '' . UEFA. 14 November 2014 . Retrieved 14 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Brassell , Andy ( 21 June 2016 ) . `` Euro 2016 : What 's wrong with Portugal 's Cristiano Ronaldo ? '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 16 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo becomes first to score in four European Championships '' . espnfc.com. 22 June 2016 . Retrieved 22 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo sets record for all - time EURO appearances '' . UEFA. 22 June 2016 . Retrieved 2 July 2016 . Jump up ^ Keel , Toby ( 22 June 2016 ) . `` Third place at Euro 2016 : How it works , who qualified and last 16 draw '' . Eurosport . Retrieved 16 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal beat Croatia with Ricardo Quaresma goal in extra time '' . ESPN FC. 25 June 2016 . Retrieved 2 July 2016 . Jump up ^ Piotr Koźmiński ; Joseph Walker ( 30 June 2016 ) . `` Poland 1 -- 1 Portugal '' . UEFA . Retrieved 11 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal 's Cristiano Ronaldo the first to play in three Euro semi-finals '' . ESPN FC. 6 July 2016 . Retrieved 8 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo equals Michel Platini 's Euros goal - scoring recorde '' . ESPN FC. 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal striker Cristiano Ronaldo forced off injured in Euro 2016 final '' . ESPN FC. 10 July 2016 . Retrieved 10 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` UEFA EURO 2016 Team of the Tournament revealed '' . UEFA. 11 July 2016 . Retrieved 11 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` France forward Antoine Griezmann wins Golden Boot '' . UEFA.com ( Union of European Football Associations ) . 10 July 2016 . Retrieved 11 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo hits four in Portugal 's 6 -- 0 rout of nine - man Andorra '' . The Guardian . 8 October 2016 . Retrieved 2 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo bagged four goals Portugal thrash Andorra 6 -- 0 '' . Sky Sports . 7 October 2016 . Retrieved 2 February 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo goes fourth on all - time list of international scorers '' . UEFA. 13 November 2016 . Retrieved 18 November 2016 . Jump up ^ Douglas , Steve ( 29 March 2017 ) . `` Bittersweet return for Ronaldo as Portugal beaten by Sweden in Madeira , Russia fight back against Belgium '' . The Independent . Retrieved 30 March 2017 . Jump up ^ Nick Ames ( 18 June 2017 ) . `` Héctor Moreno 's stoppage - time header earns Mexico draw against Portugal '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 24 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo header earns Portugal Confederations Cup win over Russia '' . The Guardian . 21 June 2017 . Retrieved 24 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Confederations Cup : Ronaldo helps Portugal into semi-final as hosts Russia out '' . BBC Sport. 24 June 2017 . Retrieved 24 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo second on all - time list of international scorers '' . UEFA. 24 June 2017 . Retrieved 24 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Awards Man of the Match '' . FIFA . Retrieved 26 June 2017 . Jump up ^ Corrigan , Dermot ( 29 June 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo confirms birth of twins , leaves Portugal at Confed Cup '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 30 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal come from behind to finish third '' . FIFA. 2 July 2017 . Retrieved 2 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pele congratulates Cristiano Ronaldo on surpassing his goals record '' . beIN Sports . 1 September 2017 . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Paul Saffer ( 1 September 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo equals European Qualifiers goal record '' . UEFA . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo ' desbloqueia ' e Portugal vence em Andorra '' . Correio da Manhã. 7 October 2017 . Retrieved 31 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal 3 Algeria 0 : Guedes at the double in Ronaldo 's 150th outing '' . FourFourTwo. 7 June 2018 . Retrieved 7 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Spain vs. Portugal final score : Crazy draw as Cristiano Ronaldo becomes oldest to score World Cup hat trick '' . www.cbssports.com . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Staff ( 15 June 2018 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo World Cup 2018 goal : Real Madrid man makes history scoring Portugal penalty against Spain '' . The Independent . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Sen , Debayan ( 15 June 2018 ) . `` 33 years , 84 goals : Ronaldo equals Puskas ; becomes oldest to bag World Cup hat - trick '' . ESPN . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Henry , Matthew ( 25 June 2018 ) . `` Iran 1 -- 1 Portugal '' . BBC . Retrieved 9 July 2018 . Jump up ^ Rose , Gary ( 30 June 2018 ) . `` Uruguay 2 -- 1 Portugal '' . BBC . Retrieved 1 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Why Cristiano Ronaldo is better than Lionel Messi ! '' . Zeenews.india.com. 26 August 2012 . Retrieved 30 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Jonathan Wilson ( 24 March 2010 ) . `` Why are so many wingers playing on the ' wrong ' wings ? '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 16 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` E ' Ronaldo il Bolt del calcio '' ( in Italian ) . Sport mediaset . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo -- Portogallo '' . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Goodman , Mike L. ( 22 September 2015 ) . `` The Evolution of Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Grantland . Retrieved 25 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Named Fittest Man Alive By Men 's Health Magazine '' . Inquisitr . Retrieved 3 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : John Molinaro . `` Ronaldo Vs. Messi : The Case For Ronaldo As World 's Best Player '' . Sportsnet . Retrieved 26 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Gabriele Marcotti ( 6 July 2016 ) . `` Ronaldo , Portugal accept manager 's challenge to reach Euro 2016 final '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 26 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` How did Cristiano Ronaldo score his incredible header against Manchester United ? '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 14 February 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Mechanization of Cristiano Ronaldo : How his style of play has changed '' . O - Posts. 13 February 2012 . Archived from the original on 21 March 2015 . Retrieved 30 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` # EUROfantasy Tipster : Paolo 's team '' . UEFA. 10 June 2016 . Archived from the original on 12 June 2016 . Retrieved 14 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Eden Hazard the new penalty taker king ; Julio Cesar the best stopper '' . ESPN FC. 7 October 2014 . Retrieved 18 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` From Messi to Ronaldo -- the world 's best free kick takers '' . The Belfast Telegraph . Retrieved 4 November 2012 . Jump up ^ Alistair Tweedale ( 14 April 2015 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo free - kick goals are rare '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 16 July 2016 . Jump up ^ David Salazar ( 10 November 2015 ) . `` The Time to Sell Declining Cristiano Ronaldo Is Now '' . Latin Post . Retrieved 16 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The argument for playing Cristiano Ronaldo centrally at Real Madrid '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` How Liverpool can stop Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Four Four Two . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo : The Most Underrated Man in Football ? '' . BleacherReport . Retrieved 8 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Did Jose Mourinho 's Tactics Help Cristiano Ronaldo Flourish at Real Madrid ? '' . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Gabriele Marcotti ( 25 May 2018 ) . `` Real Madrid v Liverpool : The five phases of Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The Times . Retrieved 28 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Adam Bate ( 15 November 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's evolution : Could he really play beyond the age of 40 ? '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 28 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Graham Hunter ( 23 October 2014 ) . `` Real Madrid vs. Barcelona : Clasico promises goals aplenty '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 28 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Thore Haugstad ( 13 February 2018 ) . `` Why Cristiano Ronaldo has been Real Madrid 's major problem this season ... but he can also be their solution '' . Four Four Two . Retrieved 26 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo can become great centre - forward , says Gary Neville '' . Sky Sports . 20 April 2017 . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo joins illustrious list of players who reinvented themselves in a new position '' . The Telegraph . 10 May 2017 . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo is the ' complete player ' , admits Sir Alex Ferguson '' . The Guardian . London . 9 January 2013 . Retrieved 25 January 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ten years ago an unknown baby - faced kid from Portugal was signed by Fergie for £ 12.2 m ... and the rest , as they say , is history '' . Daily Mail . Retrieved 28 March 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Top 50 Greatest Footballers of All - Time -- Pelé , Maradona , Messi And Ronaldo Included in the Best Soccer Players Ever List '' . IBT. 10 July 2014 . Retrieved 7 August 2014 . CR7 comes in at No. 7 and for good reason . He has shown little sign that he wo n't continue to be the brightest of stars on a Real Madrid squad filled with world - class players . Once criticized for lacking end product , he has developed into the world 's most effective player , a testament to his relentless desire for self - improvement , which can also be seen in his phenomenal athleticism . Jump up ^ Purnell , Gareth ( 21 August 2009 ) . `` Manchester United will miss Ronaldo says Lampard '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved 22 December 2012 . Jump up ^ `` How Ronaldo became the world 's best : the inside story '' . Yahoo !. 5 March 2013 . Archived from the original on 8 March 2013 . Retrieved 13 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Is Euro 2016 triumph his greatest achievement ? '' . CNN . Retrieved 28 March 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Heta , Marco ( 8 June 2018 ) . `` Blood , sweat and toil : The foundations for the legacy of Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Football Paradise . Retrieved 8 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo says he has no idea how much money he has '' . Daily Mirror ( London ) . Retrieved 5 September 2014 Jump up ^ Jim Daly ( 16 September 2014 ) . `` Rio Ferdinand claims Cristiano Ronaldo was once blasted by Sir Alex Ferguson for playing selfishly '' . Daily Mirror . London . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Wayne Rooney Hits Out At ' Selfish ' Cristiano Ronaldo , Shrugs Off Scholes ' ' Strange ' Criticism '' . Retrieved 14 December 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ronaldo admits perceived arrogance has cost him '' . CNN . 8 November 2012 . Retrieved 23 November 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Jose Mourinho claims Cristiano Ronaldo deserved to win Ballon d'Or '' . ESPN FC. 20 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Pepe : `` Cristiano is a symbol '' `` . Marca . Madrid , Spain . 10 September 2013 . Retrieved 10 September 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo gets an unfair press , claims his former team - mate Patrice Evra '' . The Guardian . London . 30 September 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ballon d'Or : Cristiano Ronaldo 's improved image helped win , says Guillem Balague '' . Sky Sports . 14 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Thierry Henry : Talks Arsenal , Man Utd , Messi and more on Sky Sports '' . Sky Sports . 12 December 2013 . Retrieved 12 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo regrets ' jealousy ' remark '' . ESPN . 22 January 2014 . Jump up ^ Mendes , Chris ( 24 June 2014 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's personal duel with Lionel Messi is affecting his performances for Portugal '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Hunter , Graham ( 28 November 2010 ) . `` The game 's best rivalry '' . ESPN . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Messi v Ronaldo '' . Sky Sports . 17 October 2011 . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' Messi and I are colleagues , work friends `` . Marca ( Spain ) . Retrieved 21 November 2014 Jump up ^ Hughes , Rob ( 13 September 2011 ) . `` Ronaldo May Look Like the Best , but There Is Someone Better '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Hayward , Paul ( 26 May 2009 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo versus Lionel Messi pits showman against shy man '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Lewis , Tim ( 24 November 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo : he 's got a god - given talent -- and he knows it '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Calvin , Michael ( 15 June 2014 ) . `` Crunch time for Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The Independent . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Storey , Daniel ( 16 June 2014 ) . `` Ronaldo : The world 's best ? '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Montague , James ; Pinto , Pedro ( 29 May 2012 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo : I 'm better than Messi '' . CNN . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ Palmer , Kevin ( 20 December 2012 ) . `` Fergie : Ronaldo and Messi are equals '' . ESPN . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Barcelona 's Lionel Messi blames media for inventing rivalry with Real Madrid 's Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 15 August 2012 . Retrieved 30 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Lionel Messi Reaches $50 Million - A-Year Deal With Barcelona '' . Forbes . Retrieved 1 October 2014 Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Sepp Blatter 's apology to Real Madrid '' . BBC Sport. 29 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` NIKE 'S CR7 COLLECTION REFLECTS ATTITUDE AND IRREVERENCE OF A GLOBAL ICON '' . Nike. 7 November 2012 . Retrieved 6 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo expands his brand with the launch of Legacy fragrance '' . Forbes . 26 November 2015 . Jump up ^ Booth , Robert ( 11 June 2009 ) . `` From £ 175 to £ 80m in 14 years -- but can Cristiano Ronaldo earn it like Beckham ? '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 8 July 2013 . Jump up ^ Badenhausen , Kurt ( 7 November 2012 ) . `` Is Cristiano Ronaldo The World 's Most Marketable Athlete ? '' . Forbes . Retrieved 8 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo offered $9 million Nike deal '' . The Sydney Morning Herald . 26 February 2010 . Retrieved 8 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo displays Dad dancing skills in new advert '' . The Daily Telegraph . 11 June 2015 . Jump up ^ Cornwell , Alexander ( 18 August 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo and KFC show how branding has changed '' . Gulf News . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo becomes Emirates ambassador '' . Gulf News . 28 March 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Badenhausen , Kurt ( 2 December 2016 ) . `` Why Cristiano Ronaldo 's $1 Billion Nike Deal May Be A Bargain For Sportswear Giant '' . Forbes . Retrieved 6 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` EA Unveil new FIFA 18 trailer and official cover art '' . Goal. 22 August 2017 . Retrieved 8 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Fifa 18 release date confirmed with Cristiano Ronaldo as cover star '' . Evening Standard . 6 June 2017 . Retrieved 5 July 2018 . Jump up ^ Settimi , Christina ( 7 May 2014 ) . `` The world 's highest paid football players '' . Forbes . Retrieved 8 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The world 's highest paid football players 2015 '' . Forbes . Retrieved 26 November 2015 . Jump up ^ `` The World 's Highest - Paid Athletes '' . Forbes . Retrieved 14 January 2015 . Jump up ^ Ben Reynolds ( 8 June 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo first footballer to top Forbes rich list of highest - earning athletes '' . Sky Sports . Retrieved 9 June 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo Produced Nearly $1 Billion In Value For Sponsors On Social Media '' . Forbes . Retrieved 30 August 2017 ^ Jump up to : `` MS Dhoni , Mary Kom world 's 16th , 38th most marketable athletes '' . The Times of India . 26 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` 50 Most Marketable 2013 -- Cristiano Ronaldo '' . SportsProMedia. 8 May 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Top 10 Most Marketable Footballers in the World '' ( PDF ) . Repucom ( press release ) . 28 May 2014 . Retrieved 22 August 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo by Pelé : TIME 100 '' . Time . 23 April 2014 . Retrieved 3 June 2014 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN World Fame 100 '' . ESPN . 3 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN World Fame 100 '' . ESPN . 30 May 2017 . Retrieved 1 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ESPN ranks the 100 most famous athletes '' . USA Today . 31 May 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo Heads Most Popular Athletes on Social Media '' . Forbes . 26 November 2015 . Jump up ^ Rice , Simon ( 15 October 2012 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo tops 50 million ' Likes ' on Facebook '' . The Independent . Retrieved 20 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo makes history with 100m followers on Facebook '' . Yahoo . Retrieved 14 October 2014 Jump up ^ `` How Mobile Games Are Sports Stars ' Newest Marketing Channel '' . Mashable . Jump up ^ `` ' Viva Ronaldo ' -- Cristiano creates his own online community '' . AS.com. 13 December 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` McAfee Names Most Dangerous Football Team in Europe '' . Infosecurity. 28 June 2012 . Retrieved 15 May 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Moments '' . Chapters. 27 March 2009 . Archived from the original on 23 May 2009 . Jump up ^ Hughes , Rob ( 13 September 2011 ) . `` Ronaldo May Look Like the Best , but There Is Someone Better '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . Jump up ^ Brown , Brigid ( June 2014 ) . `` WATCH : Benedict Cumberbatch Narrates Cristiano Ronaldo Documentary '' . BBC America . Retrieved 10 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Footballer Cristiano Ronaldo awarded with Guinness World Records certificates at London film premiere '' . Guinness World Records . Retrieved 10 November 2015 Jump up ^ Denham , Jess ( 10 June 2015 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo confirms film being made about his life with Amy and Senna director on board '' . Independent . Retrieved 2 August 2015 . Jump up ^ `` New CR7 store in London '' . Football Shirt Culture . 10 October 2008 . Jump up ^ Tilley , Jonathan ( 1 November 2013 ) . `` M&C Saatchi launches underwear range with giant image of Ronaldo in pants '' . PR Week . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Is Working With Richard Chai to Add Shirts to His CR7 Underwear Line '' . Complex. 15 July 2014 . Retrieved 23 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo launches SHOE range as he branches out into fashion '' . Irish Mirror. 17 July 2014 . Retrieved 23 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo Fragrances '' . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus '' . CD Nacional . Retrieved 21 December 2017 . Jump up ^ Jones , Alice ( 25 February 2014 ) . `` Inside Cristiano Ronaldo 's museum : ' I have room for more trophies ' '' . The Independent . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo associa - se ao União da Madeira '' . Maisfutebol.iol.pt . Retrieved 24 December 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo associa - se ao União da Madeira '' . Tvi24.iol.pt. 20 November 2014 . Retrieved 24 December 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo made Grand Officer of the Order of Prince Henry '' . El País. 21 January 2014 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo immortalized in bronze statue outside his personal museum '' . CNN . 22 December 2014 . Retrieved 24 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's Statue Has Bulky Lump in Pants Which Sparks Comments '' . NDTV Sports . 24 December 2014 . Retrieved 24 December 2014 . Jump up ^ `` World Cup 2010 : Cristiano Ronaldo gets Madam Tussauds waxwork '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 10 June 2010 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo sends stylist to museum to brush waxwork 's hair '' . BBC Sport. 5 March 2015 . Retrieved 4 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : CR7 name given to discovered galaxy '' . BBC Sport . Retrieved 21 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Former Man United star Cristiano Ronaldo ' over the moon ' with new CR7 galaxy '' . Daily Express . Retrieved 21 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Madeira airport renamed after Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The World Game . Special Broadcasting Service . Retrieved 23 July 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Corrigan , Dermot ( 10 March 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo airport rename critics slammed by Madeira president '' . ESPN FC . Retrieved 11 March 2017 . The renaming will take place on March 29 after Portugal host Sweden in a friendly in Funchal -- the first time Ronaldo has played an official senior match on his home island . Jump up ^ Saturday Night Live ( 9 April 2017 ) . `` Weekend Update : Cecilia Gimenez on Cristiano Ronaldo Bust -- SNL '' -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Madeira airport preparing to be renamed after Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo statue : Sculptor Emanuel Santos takes another shot at bust '' . BBC News . 30 March 2018 . Retrieved 30 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Aeroporto da Madeira tem novo busto de Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Diário de Notícias Madeira. 17 June 2018 . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Davies , Hunter ( 16 January 2014 ) . `` The Fan : Cristiano Ronaldo the tarnished icon '' . New Statesman . Retrieved 18 July 2014 . Jump up ^ Hughes , Rob ( 14 September 2005 ) . `` Forlán reborn in Spanish soccer '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 19 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo receives libel damages over drink story '' . USA Today . 9 November 2009 . Retrieved 12 April 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Fast Facts '' . CNN . 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 17 September 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo names son Cristiano Ronaldo '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . 8 July 2010 . Retrieved 8 July 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Baby ' joy ' for Cristiano Ronaldo '' . BBC Sport. 4 July 2010 . Retrieved 4 July 2010 . Jump up ^ Bergin , Olivia ( 14 January 2014 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo and Irina Shayk : a very modern family '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 20 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo breaks up with girlfriend Irina Shayk '' . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo breaks up with Irina Shayk '' . Jump up ^ Sharland , Pete . `` Cristiano Ronaldo confirms he is a father of twins '' . Eurosport . Retrieved 29 June 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo , Georgina Rodriguez confirm birth of baby girl '' . ESPN . 12 November 2017 . Retrieved 13 November 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo raises funds for tsunami - hit Aceh '' . People 's Daily . 13 June 2005 . Retrieved 2 April 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Tsunami Survivors : New Life For A Decimated Football Club '' . FIFA. 9 January 2008 . Retrieved 3 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo accepts Daily Telegraph libel payout '' . BBC News . 8 November 2010 . Retrieved 6 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo donates to Cancer - stricken mums saviors '' . cristianoronaldofan.net. 25 June 2012 . Retrieved 25 June 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo to play in charity match for Madeira '' . Reuters. 22 February 2010 . Archived from the original on 22 February 2010 . Retrieved 22 February 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo funds cancer treatment for 9 - year - old boy '' . AS.com. 19 June 2012 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo reportedly donates € 1.5 m to children in Gaza '' . Russia : RT . 26 March 2013 . Archived from the original on 4 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Messi and Ronaldo join forces for FIFA 's ' 11 for Health ' '' . Marca . Spain . 31 December 2012 . Retrieved 21 February 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo Kicks Off the New Year as Save the Children 's New Global Artist Ambassador for Child Hunger and Nutrition '' . Save the Children . 27 March 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo ambassador for mangrove '' . The Jakarta Post . 17 March 2013 . Archived from the original on 21 March 2013 . Retrieved 15 May 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Top players , FIFA , CAF and health experts unite against Ebola '' . FIFA . Retrieved 4 March 2015 ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Real Madrid forward donates € 600,000 Champions League win bonus to charity '' . The Independent . 3 June 2016 . Retrieved 3 June 2016 . Jump up ^ Griner , David ( 9 August 2016 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's New Charity App Lets You Post Selfies With Him , Topless or Otherwise '' . Adweek . Retrieved 11 August 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Soccer Superstar Cristiano Ronaldo Launches New Selfie App , Donation for Every Download Helps Kids in Need '' . savethechildren.org . Save the Children . 9 August 2016 . Retrieved 11 August 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo 's Secret '' . Der Spiegel . 19 April 2017 . Retrieved 11 September 2017 . Jump up ^ Austin , Jack ( 15 April 2017 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo representatives strongly deny rape allegations and label them ' journalistic fiction ' '' . Independent . Retrieved 11 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo gets right up your nose '' . The Guardian . 31 July 2017 . Retrieved 11 September 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Spanish tax authorities reject Cristiano Ronaldo 's offer '' . As . 31 May 2018 . Jump up ^ Jack de Menezes ( 15 June 2018 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo ' agrees ' two - year suspended jail sentence and € 18.8 m fine over tax evasion case '' . The Independent . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo pays $21.7 million to avoid jail time in tax fraud case '' . MSN . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Spain taxman knocks € 2 million off Cristiano Ronaldo tax settlement : Report '' . Channel News Asia . Retrieved 10 August 2018 ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . footballzz.co.uk . Retrieved 23 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . StretfordEnd.co.uk . Retrieved 28 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Pepe 's goal is awarded to Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Marca ( in Spanish ) . Spain . 18 September 2010 . Retrieved 4 December 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro : 2011 -- 12 '' . BDFutbol . Retrieved 25 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro : 2012 -- 13 '' . BDFutbol . Retrieved 25 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro : 2013 -- 14 '' . BDFutbol . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Soccerway . Perform Group . Retrieved 8 April 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . fpf.pt . Portuguese Football Federation . Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 . Retrieved 8 October 2015 . Jump up ^ Mamrud , Roberto ( 29 August 2013 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro -- Century of International Appearances '' . Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation . Retrieved 25 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo '' . National Football Teams . Benjamin Strack - Zimmerman . Retrieved 18 June 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo : Overview '' . Premier League . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cristiano Ronaldo ( CR7 ) '' . Madrid : Real Madrid C.F . Retrieved 21 February 2017 . Jump up ^ Hayward , Paul ( 12 January 2015 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo wins third Fifa Ballon d'Or '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 13 January 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo wins Ballon d'Or for the fourth time '' . The Guardian . 12 December 2015 . Retrieved 13 December 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo wins his fifth Ballon d'Or '' . Madrid , Spain : Real Madrid C.F. 7 December 2017 . Retrieved 8 December 2017 . Jump up ^ `` FIFA 2008 World Player of the Year : Cristiano Ronaldo '' . Soccerlens. 13 January 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo voted FIFPro World Player of the Year '' . Union of European Football Associations. 27 October 2008 . Retrieved 30 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo named 2016 / 17 Men 's Player of the Year '' . UEFA. 24 August 2017 . Retrieved 24 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Club Footballer of the Year '' . UEFA. 1 May 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo leads Real Madrid 's clean sweep of World Soccer awards '' . World Soccer . Time ( UK ) . 28 December 2017 . Retrieved 28 December 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo -- Career '' . cristianoronaldo.com . Official website of Cristiano Ronaldo . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . Career timeline Jump up ^ `` Ronaldo named Portugal 's player of the year ; Sanches best young player '' . Jump up ^ `` History '' . FIFA . Retrieved 24 May 2016 . 2009 -- PUSKÁS AWARD -- CRISTIANO RONALDO ( POR ) Jump up ^ `` The Best named at FIFA Football Awards '' . FIFA. 9 January 2017 . Retrieved 12 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` FIFA FIFPro World11 '' . FIFA. 24 October 2017 . Retrieved 24 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ultimate Team of the Year : the all - time XI '' . UEFA. 22 November 2015 . Retrieved 25 November 2015 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA.com Fans ' Team of the Year 2017 announced '' . UEFA. 11 January 2018 . Retrieved 11 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League squad of the season '' . UEFA. 2 June 2014 . Retrieved 1 September 2014 . Cristiano Ronaldo , who registered a season - record 17 goals in the campaign , is joined by Marco Reus , Arjen Robben and Zlatan Ibrahimović . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League squad of the season '' . UEFA. 9 June 2015 . Retrieved 9 June 2015 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League squad of the season '' . UEFA. 30 May 2016 . Retrieved 3 June 2016 . Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi and Antoine Griezmann all feature in the UEFA technical observers ' Squad of the Season , but who else has made the 18 - man selection ? Jump up ^ `` Eight Real Madrid players in the Champions League team of the season for 2016 / 17 '' . Madrid , Spain : Real Madrid C.F. 5 June 2017 . Retrieved 16 June 2017 . Carvajal , Ramos , Marcelo , Casemiro , Kroos , Modric , Isco and Cristiano Ronaldo are amongst the 18 players chosen . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season '' . UEFA. 5 June 2017 . Retrieved 16 June 2017 . Cristiano Ronaldo , Lionel Messi and Robert Lewandowski all feature in the UEFA Technical Observers ' Squad of the Season , but who else has made the 18 - man selection ? Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season '' . UEFA. 27 May 2018 . Retrieved 27 May 2018 . UEFA 's Technical Observers select their 18 - man squad from this season 's UEFA Champions League . Jump up ^ `` All - star squad revealed '' . UEFA.com ( Union of European Football Associations ) . 5 July 2004 . Archived from the original on 7 July 2004 . Retrieved 5 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Ten Spain players in Team of the Tournament '' . UEFA. 2 July 2012 . Retrieved 2 July 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Your All - time EURO 11 revealed '' . UEFA. 7 June 2016 . Retrieved 8 June 2016 . Jump up ^ White , Duncan ( 12 January 2009 ) . `` Cristiano Ronaldo wins Fifa World Player of the Year '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 28 June 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Gerrard named player of the year '' . BBC Sport. 23 April 2006 . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Giggs earns prestigious PFA award '' . BBC Sport. 26 April 2009 . Retrieved 18 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 2014 FIFA Club World Cup statistics and leaders '' . Fox Sports . Retrieved 5 July 2018 Jump up ^ `` Champions League 2013 / 2014 '' Assists `` . WorldFootball . Retrieved 25 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA EURO 2012 Statistics '' . UEFA. 16 March 2015 . Archived from the original on 11 October 2015 . Retrieved 21 May 2015 . Jump up ^ `` D. Duarte condecora selecção nacional '' ( in Portuguese ) . Correio da Manhã. 31 August 2006 . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo made ' Grand Officer of the Order of Prince Henry ' '' . Real Madrid C.F. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014 . Retrieved 20 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Presidente da República condecora jogadores com grau de comendador da Ordem do Mérito '' . Record.pt . Retrieved 10 July 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo receberá Cordão Autonómico de Distinção '' . Assembleia Legislativa da Região Autónoma da Madeira. 2 February 2014 . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Bale 's transfer fee revealed '' . FIFA . Agence France - Presse. 15 October 2013 . Archived from the original on 15 January 2014 . Retrieved 14 January 2014 . Jump up ^ `` FIFA Club World Cup : Players & Coaches '' . FIFA . Retrieved 6 April 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Ballon d'Or trio 's remarkable records '' . Goal.com. 12 January 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo breaks another record '' . Madrid , Spain : Real Madrid C.F. 24 June 2016 . Retrieved 10 July 2016 . He is the only player in the world who has scored in the last three World Cups and last four Euros ... Following his two goals against Hungary , he is the only player to have scored for his national team in the last seven major international tournaments . The madridista forward has made his mark in the 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 editions of the Euro ; and in the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 editions of the World Cup . Jump up ^ `` Top records held by Cristiano Ronaldo '' . MSN News . Retrieved 15 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` What records does Cristiano Ronaldo hold ? '' . UEFA. 30 June 2018 . Archived from the original on 5 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League All time -- Most Assists '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 7 March 2018 . Jump up ^ `` What records does Cristiano Ronaldo hold ? '' . UEFA. 18 April 2017 . Retrieved 19 April 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal star Ronaldo becomes second leading international scorer with Morocco goal '' . Goal.com . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` La Liga All time -- Hat Tricks '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 29 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Spain '' Primera División '' All - time best penalty takers '' rank 1 -- 50 `` . worldfootball.net . Retrieved 27 January 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Cristiano Ronaldo is the player who hits the 150 goal mark the fastest in Liga history '' . Real Madrid C.F. 23 September 2013 . Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 . Retrieved 23 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Played for Portugal national team '' . EU-Football.info . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Portugal national football team goal scorers '' . EU-Football.info . Retrieved 15 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CRISTIANO RONALDO ALL - TIME TOP GOALSCORER '' . Realmadrid.com . Real Madrid C.F . Retrieved 27 May 2018 . Jump up ^ `` La Liga Real Madrid All time -- Leading Scorers '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 26 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League Real Madrid All time -- Leading Scorers '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 26 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` La Liga Real Madrid All time -- Most Assists '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 26 April 2018 . Jump up ^ `` UEFA Champions League Real Madrid All time -- Most Assists '' . Statbunker . Retrieved 26 April 2018 . Further Reading Balagué , Guillem ( 2015 ) . Cristiano Ronaldo : The Biography . Orion . ISBN 978 - 1409155041 . External links Find more aboutCristiano Ronaldoat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Learning resources from Wikiversity Official website Real Madrid official profile Cristiano Ronaldo -- La Liga competition record Cristiano Ronaldo -- FPF competition record Cristiano Ronaldo -- UEFA competition record Cristiano Ronaldo -- FIFA competition record Cristiano Ronaldo at National-Football-Teams.com Cristiano Ronaldo at BDFutbol Juventus F.C. -- current squad 1 Szczęsny 2 De Sciglio 3 Chiellini ( c ) 4 Benatia 5 Pjanić 6 Khedira 7 Ronaldo 8 Marchisio 10 Dybala 11 Douglas Costa 12 Sandro 14 Matuidi 15 Barzagli 16 Cuadrado 17 Mandžukić 19 Bonucci 20 Cancelo 21 Pinsoglio 22 Perin 23 Can 24 Rugani 30 Bentancur 33 Bernardeschi 37 Spinazzola -- Kean Manager : Allegri Portugal squads Portugal squad -- UEFA Euro 2004 runners - up 1 Ricardo 2 Ferreira 3 Rui Jorge 4 Andrade 5 F. Couto ( c ) 6 Costinha 7 Figo 8 Petit 9 Pauleta 10 Rui Costa 11 Simão 12 Quim 13 Miguel 14 N. Valente 15 Beto 16 Carvalho 17 C. Ronaldo 18 Maniche 19 Tiago 20 Deco 21 Nuno Gomes 22 Moreira 23 H. Postiga Coach : Scolari Portugal men 's football squad -- 2004 Summer Olympics 1 Moreira 2 M. Sérgio 3 Meireles 4 B. Alves 5 R. Costa ( c ) 6 Meira 7 C. Ronaldo 8 Viana 9 H. Almeida 10 C. Martins 11 J. Ribeiro 12 Frechaut 13 Boa Morte 14 Bosingwa 15 Lourenço 16 João Paulo 17 Danny 18 Vale Coach : Romão Portugal squad -- 2006 FIFA World Cup fourth place 1 Ricardo 2 Ferreira 3 Caneira 4 Costa 5 Meira 6 Costinha 7 Figo ( c ) 8 Petit 9 Pauleta 10 H. Viana 11 Simão 12 Quim 13 Miguel 14 N. Valente 15 Boa Morte 16 Carvalho 17 C. Ronaldo 18 Maniche 19 Tiago 20 Deco 21 Nuno Gomes 22 Santos 23 H. Postiga Coach : Scolari Portugal squad -- UEFA Euro 2008 1 Ricardo 2 Ferreira 3 B. Alves 4 Bosingwa 5 Meira 6 Meireles 7 Ronaldo 8 Petit 9 H. Almeida 10 J. Moutinho 11 Simão 12 Nuno 13 Miguel 14 Ribeiro 15 Pepe 16 Carvalho 17 Quaresma 18 Veloso 19 Nani 20 Deco 21 Nuno Gomes ( c ) 22 Patrício 23 H. Postiga Coach : Scolari Portugal squad -- 2010 FIFA World Cup 1 Eduardo 2 B. Alves 3 Ferreira 4 Rolando 5 Duda 6 Carvalho 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 P. Mendes 9 Liédson 10 Danny 11 Simão 12 Beto 13 Miguel 14 Veloso 15 Pepe 16 Meireles 17 Amorim 18 H. Almeida 19 Tiago 20 Deco 21 Costa 22 D. Fernandes 23 Coentrão Coach : Queiroz Portugal squad -- UEFA Euro 2012 semi-finalists 1 Eduardo 2 B. Alves 3 Pepe 4 Veloso 5 Coentrão 6 Custódio 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 Moutinho 9 H. Almeida 10 Quaresma 11 Oliveira 12 Patrício 13 R. Costa 14 Rolando 15 Micael 16 Meireles 17 Nani 18 Varela 19 M. Lopes 20 Viana 21 J. Pereira 22 Beto 23 Postiga Coach : Bento Portugal squad -- 2014 FIFA World Cup 1 Eduardo 2 B. Alves 3 Pepe 4 Veloso 5 Coentrão 6 William 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 Moutinho 9 H. Almeida 10 Vieirinha 11 Eder 12 Patrício 13 Costa 14 Neto 15 Rafa 16 Meireles 17 Nani 18 Varela 19 A. Almeida 20 Amorim 21 Pereira 22 Beto 23 H. Postiga Coach : Bento Portugal squad -- UEFA Euro 2016 winners ( 1st title ) 1 Patrício 2 B. Alves 3 Pepe 4 Fonte 5 Guerreiro 6 Carvalho 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 Moutinho 9 Eder 10 J. Mário 11 Vieirinha 12 Lopes 13 Danilo 14 William 15 Gomes 16 Sanches 17 Nani 18 Rafa 19 Eliseu 20 Quaresma 21 Cédric 22 Eduardo 23 Adrien Coach : Santos Portugal squad -- 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Third Place 1 Patrício 2 Alves 3 Pepe 4 Neto 5 Guerreiro 6 Fonte 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 Moutinho 9 A. Silva 10 B. Silva 11 Semedo 12 Sá 13 Danilo 14 William 15 Gomes 16 Pizzi 17 Nani 18 Gelson 19 Eliseu 20 Quaresma 21 Cédric 22 Beto 23 Adrien Coach : Santos Portugal squad -- 2018 FIFA World Cup 1 Patrício 2 Alves 3 Pepe 4 M. Fernandes 5 Guerreiro 6 Fonte 7 Ronaldo ( c ) 8 Moutinho 9 A. Silva 10 João Mário 11 B. Silva 12 Lopes 13 Dias 14 William 15 Ricardo 16 B. Fernandes 17 Guedes 18 Gelson 19 Rui 20 Quaresma 21 Cédric 22 Beto 23 Adrien Coach : Santos Template : Navboxes BIBSYS : 10046491 BNE : XX4898197 BNF : cb15712322w ( data ) GND : 140422390 ISNI : 0000 0001 1460 7485 LCCN : no2007130960 NDL : 01129904 NKC : xx0161225 SELIBR : 382857 SUDOC : 178619000 VIAF : 42170021 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristiano_Ronaldo&oldid=854766818 '' Categories : Cristiano Ronaldo 1985 births Living people People from Funchal Portuguese Roman Catholics Portuguese footballers Madeiran footballers Association football forwards Association football wingers Primeira Liga players Sporting CP footballers Portuguese Second Division players Sporting CP B players Premier League players Manchester United F.C. players La Liga players Real Madrid C.F. players Juventus F.C. players Portugal youth international footballers Portugal under - 21 international footballers Portugal international footballers UEFA Euro 2004 players UEFA Euro 2008 players UEFA Euro 2012 players 2006 FIFA World Cup players 2010 FIFA World Cup players 2014 FIFA World Cup players Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers of Portugal Golden Globes ( Portugal ) winners Grand Officers of the Order of Prince Henry First Division / Premier League top scorers Pichichi Trophy winners Ballon d'Or winners FIFA World Player of the Year winners World Soccer Magazine World Player of the Year winners FIFA Century Club Portuguese expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in Spain Portuguese male models Portuguese people of Cape Verdean descent Portuguese expatriates in England Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain Portuguese expatriates in Italy UEFA Euro 2016 players UEFA European Championship - winning captains UEFA European Championship - winning players 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup players UEFA Champions League winning players Commanders of the Order of Merit ( Portugal ) 2018 FIFA World Cup players Hidden categories : CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) CS1 maint : Unrecognized language Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Webarchive template wayback links Articles with Portuguese - language external links CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) NFT template with ID same as Wikidata Pages where template include size is exceeded Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from November 2017 Use British English from August 2016 Articles with short description UEFA player template using Wikidata FIFA player template using Wikidata NFT template using Wikidata BDFutbol template using Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikiquote Afrikaans Akan አማርኛ Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Føroyskt Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Kapampangan ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar मैथिली Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം Malti मराठी მარგალური مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Baso Minangkabau Mirandés Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی پښتو ភាសា ខ្មែរ Polski Português Qaraqalpaqsha Română Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski Soomaaliga کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Türkmençe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt Volapük Walon Winaray 吴语 粵語 Zazaki 中文 डोटेली 113 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018 , at 16 : 45 ( UTC ) . 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About Wikipedia | what world cup team does renaldo play for | ["Cristiano Ronaldo\nCristiano Ronaldo with Portugal at the 2018 FIFA World CupPersonal informationFull name\nCristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro[1]Date of birth\n (1985-02-05) 5 February 1985 (age 33)[2]Place of birth\nFunchal, Madeira, PortugalHeight\n1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[3]Playing position\nForwardClub informationCurrent team\nJuventusNumber\n7Youth career1992–1995\nAndorinha1995–1997\nNacional1997–2002\nSporting CPSenior career*Years\nTeam\nApps\n(Gls)2002–2003\nSporting CP B\n2\n(0)2002–2003\nSporting CP\n25\n(3)2003–2009\nManchester United\n196\n(84)2009–2018\nReal Madrid\n292\n(311)2018–\nJuventus\n0\n(0)National team‡2001\nPortugal U15\n9\n(7)2001–2002\nPortugal U17\n7\n(5)2003\nPortugal U20\n5\n(1)2002–2003\nPortugal U21\n10\n(3)2004\nPortugal U23\n3\n(2)2003–\nPortugal\n154\n(85)\n Honours[show]\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\nMen's football\n\n\nRepresenting Portugal\n\n\nUEFA European Championship\n\n\n\n2004 Portugal\n\n\n\n\n2012 Poland & Ukraine\n[note 1]\n\n\n\n2016 France\n\n\n\nFIFA Confederations Cup\n\n\n\n2017 Russia\n\n\n\n* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19 May 2018‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 30 June 2018"] | ['Portugal'] | Cristiano Ronaldo
Cristiano Ronaldo with Portugal at the 2018 FIFA World CupPersonal informationFull name
Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro[1]Date of birth
(1985-02-05) 5 February 1985 (age 33)[2]Place of birth
Funchal, Madeira, PortugalHeight
1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[3]Playing position
ForwardClub informationCurrent team
JuventusNumber
7Youth career1992–1995
Andorinha1995–1997
Nacional1997–2002
Sporting CPSenior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)2002–2003
Sporting CP B
2
(0)2002–2003
Sporting CP
25
(3)2003–2009
Manchester United
196
(84)2009–2018
Real Madrid
292
(311)2018–
Juventus
0
(0)National team‡2001
Portugal U15
9
(7)2001–2002
Portugal U17
7
(5)2003
Portugal U20
5
(1)2002–2003
Portugal U21
10
(3)2004
Portugal U23
3
(2)2003–
Portugal
154
(85)
Honours[show]
Men's football
Representing Portugal
UEFA European Championship
2004 Portugal
2012 Poland & Ukraine
[note 1]
2016 France
FIFA Confederations Cup
2017 Russia
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19 May 2018‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 30 June 2018 |
[question]: What is Cristiano Ronaldo's full name?
[answer]: Cristiano Ronaldo's full name is Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro. | What is Cristiano Ronaldo's full name? | Cristiano Ronaldo's full name is Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro. | 1 | 7.452221 | 10 | 150 | 1 |
28,840 | 2,504,011,203,272,965,000 | I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) | I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) - wikipedia I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) Jump to : navigation , search `` I Can Only Imagine '' Single by MercyMe from the album The Worship Project and Almost There A-side `` Word of God Speak '' Released 2001 Format CD digital download Recorded 1999 and 2001 in the United States Ivy Park The Indigo Room Paradise Sound IBC Studios Genre Christian alternative rock pop rock contemporary Christian Length 4 : 08 Label INO Curb Songwriter ( s ) Bart Millard Producer ( s ) Pete Kipley MercyMe singles chronology `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( sometimes shortened to `` Imagine '' ) is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe . Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard , the song , based around a main piano track , was inspired by the death of Millard 's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe 's 1999 album The Worship Project , which was released on an independent record label . The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was released in 2001 as the album 's lead single . It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004 ; to aid in promotion to these markets , a double A-side physical single ( combined with `` Word of God Speak '' ) was released in 2003 . It charted on several formats , including the Billboard Adult Contemporary ( where it peaked at No. 5 ) and the Hot 100 ( where it peaked at No. 71 ) . In 2002 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned the Dove Awards for ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' ; Millard earned the Dove Award ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . With 2.5 million copies sold , it is the best - selling Christian single of all time , having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA . As of 2018 , it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Composition 3 Release and promotion 4 Impact 5 Music video 6 Reception 6.1 Critical response 6.2 Chart performance 6.3 Awards and accolades 7 Other versions 8 Track listing 9 Release history 10 Charts and certifications 11 Film adaptation 12 References Background ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe . Bart Millard , the band 's vocalist , lost his father , Arthur Wesley Millard Jr. , in 1991 . Millard was 18 at the time . Millard began writing the words `` I can only imagine '' on items when he was thinking about his father . During the recording of the band 's 1999 independent album The Worship Project , MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album . Millard , alone on a bus in the middle of the night , finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven . Millard attests that `` ( ' I Can Only Imagine ' ) is one of the only songs I have ever written where there was n't any mistakes , it was just written the way it is and left at that '' , and estimated that it took him only ten minutes to write the lyrics . In writing the music for the song , however , the band faced more difficulty ; Millard noted that `` at first it was a fast song ... it was all these random ideas '' . Keyboardist Jim Bryson noted that , `` we were literally tearing down the stuff ... ( Millard ) and I were talking about arranging it differently and doing a slower version , so we just tried out a piano intro ... it was literally the first thing I played . It was n't anything to do with me , I think it was just a God thing . ( Millard ) said ' here it is , this is what 's going to happen ' , and we laid the song down in about five minutes . '' At that time , the other MercyMe members were Robby Shaffer on drums and percussion , Nathan Cochran on bass guitar and Michael Scheuchzer on guitar . This line - up recorded the first version of the song for The Worship Project . In 2006 , it was included in the ' Platinum Edition ' of Almost There . Composition ( edit ) I Can Only Imagine A sample of `` I Can Only Imagine '' . MercyMe 's debut single , `` I Can Only Imagine '' is `` a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` I Can Only Imagine '' is a ballad with a length of four minutes and eight seconds . The song is set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B -- G ♯ . The song opens up with only a piano , and builds up to include guitar and drums . Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song . The song was produced by Pete Kipley , who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James , Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster . The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . Regarding this theme , Millard explained to Fox News that `` I was always told that if he could choose , he would rather be in Heaven than here with me . As a Christian I believed that , but as an 18 - year - old it was a little hard to swallow . So the questions in the song came from me asking God what was so great about Him that my dad would rather be there . '' Release and promotion ( edit ) MercyMe 's lead singer - songwriter , Bart Millard ( left ) and drummer , Robby Shaffer , performing in February 2008 . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was re-recorded for their major - label debut record Almost There and released as its lead single in 2001 . The album was recorded in various locations : Ivy Park , The Indigo Room , Paradise Sound and IBC Studios . The single gained radio airplay on some contemporary Christian formats ; by November , it peaked at number - one on the Radio & Records Christian AC format and in the top twenty of the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart . In 2003 , a Dallas mainstream radio station , 100.3 Wild - FM , first played the song on its morning show , The Fitz Radio Program . They had responded to a caller 's repeated requests and the urgings of the program 's producer , Todd Sheppard . The song soon became the most requested and most played song on the station . After hearing the song played on the station , Millard called - in and spoke with the crew ; MercyMe then came in and played the song live . As other stations around the country caught on , MercyMe 's label , INO Records , partnered with Curb Records . They marketed the single to wider audiences , such as Top 40 radio . In September , INO and Curb also released a double A-side physical single , `` I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak '' . The latter track was co-written by Millard with the band 's producer , Kipley . Eventually , the song cracked into secular charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts . Impact ( edit ) MercyMe did not expect `` I Can Only Imagine '' to gain mainstream success , in part due to its explicit references to Jesus and Heaven . Millard noted that the band joked around about `` the top five songs never to cross over , and they had included `` I Can Only Imagine '' on that list . Millard also believed some radio stations were playing the song to prove it could not succeed on mainstream radio . The song had a significant effect on the band 's musical image ; in an interview , Millard commented that `` We were a rock band when we started 11 years ago . But we kind of became the ' adult contemporary poster child ' when ' I Can Only Imagine ' took off '' . Music video ( edit ) Millard holding his father 's photograph in the music video . A music video was released for `` I Can Only Imagine '' . Millard recalled the video 's inspiration : `` I just kept seeing all these people holding picture frames ( at MercyMe concerts ) that are empty because we all carry these people with us in some way . I 've had so many people after a show pull out a picture of someone they 've lost . These people embrace these photos and I just thought how can we tap into that '' . The video features everyday people as well as several music artists including Michael Tait , Tammy Trent , Bob Herdman , and Jesse Katina , each holding an empty picture frame to signify their loss of a loved one ; as the video progresses , they are holding pictures of their loved ones including Millard with his father 's photograph . The video opens with a shot of an empty room and a chair , shifting to show a young boy climbing up a flight of stairs . The camera then shifts to the band before returning to the boy , now in an attic which is filled with many empty picture frames . The video alternates between shots of the boy and the band before shifting to individual shots of other people , each holding an empty picture frame . As the other instruments join in , the camera comes back to the band , focusing on them before returning to shots of the people , whose picture frames now contain pictures of deceased relatives . At the end of the video , the camera returns to the boy , now running down a street with an empty frame , climaxing with him lying down in a field with the empty frame . Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) Critical reception for `` I Can Only Imagine '' was positive . Steve Losey of Allmusic commented that `` ( the song ) is a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Jesus Freak Hideout 's reviewer Kevin Chamberlin felt `` The lyrics for the song are amazing . If you have n't listened to the lyrics , because you 're afraid of hearing pop music , get over it and listen to it . '' Kevin McNeese of NewReleaseTuesday commented that `` The definite highlight on ( Almost There ) is the worship / ballad ' I Can Only Imagine ' ... The song starts out with just piano that instantly invokes chills and builds dynamically into a powerful display of drums and guitar . But what makes the song are the lyrics , penned by Bart Millard himself . The song speaks about that day that we all dream about when we finally meet Jesus ... It 's a song that ca n't be listened to with eyes open '' . Chart performance ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 for the chart week of 11 October 2003 at No. 76 . The song peaked at No. 71 for two weeks and spent 16 non-consecutive weeks on the Hot 100 . On the Adult Contemporary chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 29 for the chart week of 23 May 2003 , with an eventual peak of No. 5 for the chart week of 8 September 2003 ; in all , `` I Can Only Imagine '' spent 30 weeks on the chart . On the Adult Top 40 chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 39 for the chart week of 9 August 2003 and reached a peak position of No. 27 , holding that spot for three consecutive weeks ; in all , the song spent 26 weeks on the chart . On the Mainstream Top 40 chart , the song debuted at No. 37 for the chart week of 12 July 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 33 . On the Country Songs chart , the song debuted at No. 58 for the chart week of 27 December 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 52 , which it held for two weeks . According to Mike Curb on the Curb Records website , `` I Can Only Imagine '' also peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales chart for 10 weeks , No. 1 on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart for two weeks , and No. 15 on the Christian CHR chart . In April 2010 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' was certified platinum by the RIAA , signifying sales of over 1,000,000 digital downloads . It is the first single by any artist in the Christian music genre to go platinum . The song was certified 2x platinum in 2014 . As of March 2018 , it has sold 2.5 million copies , making it the best - selling Christian single of all time . Awards and accolades ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned two GMA Dove Awards in 2002 ; ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' . Millard also won ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . In November 2009 , the song was played on board Space Shuttle Atlantis as a wake - up call for Barry E. Wilmore during STS - 129 . Other versions ( edit ) The original version of `` I Can Only Imagine '' was a track on MercyMe 's 1999 independent release The Worship Project . In August 2006 , both an acoustic and live form ( as well as the original 1999 version ) were included in the ' Platinum edition ' of Almost There . MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their iTunes Originals album . In 2009 , two further variants were included on their compilation album 10 ; a ' symphony version ' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra , and a live version . `` I Can Only Imagine '' has also been covered by several artists . In 2002 Amy Grant released a reworked version of the song ( titled `` Imagine '' and paired with `` Sing the Wondrous Love of Jesus '' ) on her album , Legacy ... Hymns and Faith . In 2003 , Jeff Carson and Kathryn Scott each issued variants of the song ; Carson 's version peaked at No. 50 on the Country Songs chart . In 2005 Wynonna Judd issued her form of the song ; while in 2007 Emerson Drive provided theirs . The song was covered again in 2010 by Marie Osmond and in 2013 by gospel artist Tamela Mann . The song was performed live by Garwin Dobbins , a man struggling with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva , a crippling disease referred to as Stone Man 's syndrome , in which the body 's repair mechanism replaces muscle with bone , causing many joints to become permanently frozen in place . Dobbins , who died in 2004 , sang the song on a broadcast of Austin Awakening , accompanied by pastor Randy Phillips of Phillips , Craig and Dean . Footage of the performance was featured in the finale of the Trevor Glass documentary `` Suffer the Children . '' There is also a German version `` Ich kann nur davon träumen '' . Track listing ( edit ) CD release `` I Can Only Imagine '' -- 4 : 08 ( Bart Millard ) `` Word of God Speak '' -- 3 : 07 ( Peter Kipley , Millard ) Release history ( edit ) Date Territory Label Format 2001 United States INO Airplay 23 September 2003 INO Curb CD 4 January 2005 INO Epic Digital Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts Chart ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Peak Position Radio and Records Christian AC Radio and Records Christian CHR 15 Chart ( 2003 -- 2004 ) Peak Position US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) 5 US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) 27 US Billboard Hot 100 71 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) 33 Chart ( 2012 ) Peak Position France ( SNEP ) 65 Chart ( 2017 ) Peak Position US Christian Digital Song Sales ( Billboard ) Chart ( 2018 ) Peak Position US Christian Songs ( Billboard ) US Digital Songs ( Billboard ) 10 Year - end charts Chart ( 2003 ) Position Billboard Adult Contemporary 20 Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales 24 Chart ( 2010 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 9 Chart ( 2011 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 7 Certifications Country Certifications ( sales thresholds ) United States 2x Platinum Film adaptation ( edit ) Main article : I Can Only Imagine ( film ) The story behind the song was made into a feature film starring J. Michael Finley and Dennis Quaid . The film was released on March 16 , 2018 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brad Schmitt , `` MercyMe 's Bart Millard thought his father was going to kill him '' , Tennessean , February 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Adams , Ramsay ( 6 July 2003 ) . `` Christian Rock Crosses Over '' . Fox News ( News Corporation ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Jenison , David . `` A Severe Mercy '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Correa , Karen ( Fall 2003 ) . `` The Quality of MercyMe '' . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Bart Millard , Jim Bryson ( interviewees ) ( 2007 ) . Faith & Fame -- MercyMe . NME . UK : IPC Media ( Time Inc . ) . Event occurs at a-d. 12 : 13 -- 13 : 07 . Retrieved 11 August 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . Supplied by INO Records / Columbia Records . ^ Jump up to : `` The Worship Project -- MercyMe '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There ( Platinum Edition ) by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc. 2006 . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steve . `` '' Almost There '' -- MercyMe ( Review ) `` . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe -- `` I Can Only Imagine '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 10 August 2011 . Note : To access archive , user must click ' bypass ' and then , on the next screen , click ' please click here ' . ^ Jump up to : McNeese , Kevin ( 30 January 2008 ) . `` Almost There by MercyMe ( Review ) '' . NewReleaseTuesday.com ( NRT Media ( Kevin McNeese ) ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 29 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Almost There ( CD liner ) . MercyMe . INO Records . 2001 . 39972 . Jump up ^ `` Pete Kipley ( Credits ) '' . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak `` , MercyMe , Music CD Single -- Barnes & Noble '' . Barnes & Noble . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Billboard Charted Singles '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Number One Records '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Farris , Christa ( September 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Is Still The Little Song That Could '' ( PDF ) . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . 26 ( 3 ) : 9 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Gillespie , Natalie Nichols ( 2 June 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Impacts Mainstream Radio `` . Crosswalk.com . Salem Web Network ( Salem Communications ) . p. 1 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ MercyMe ( interviewees ) ( 2004 ) . The Story Behind `` I Can Only Imagine '' . INO Records . Event occurs at 5 : 55 -- 6 : 20 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Cusic , Don ( 2010 ) . `` Curb , Mike '' . In Cusic , Don . Encyclopedia of contemporary Christian music : pop , rock , and worship . ABC - CLIO . pp. 97 -- 98 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 34425 - 1 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Price , Deborah Evans ( 25 October 2003 ) . `` A Yearning for More Meaning '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media : 3 , 76 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Bronson , Fred . `` Chart Beat Chat '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` Word of God Speak '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Hot 100 '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Contemporary Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Thompson , John J. ( 9 December 2005 ) . `` Well Mercy Me , Children ! '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 28 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' -- MercyMe ( VEVO ) `` . Vevo ( Universal Music Group , Sony Music Entertainment , Abu Dhabi Media Company , E1 Entertainment ) . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . ^ Jump up to : Nentwig , Wendy Lee ( 23 September 2003 ) . `` Song Story : `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . Crosswalk.com ( Salem Web Communications ( Salem Communications ) ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Chamberlin , Kevin ( 9 September 2002 ) . `` MercyMe , Almost There review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` RIAA Gold and Platinum '' . RIAA. 14 April 2010 . Retrieved 21 October 2011 . Note : Requires user to input artist , e.g. MercyMe . Jump up ^ `` Mercyme makes history as `` I Can Only Imagine '' surpasses 1 million downloads `` . Christian Today . Andrew Clark . 21 April 2010 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` How did ' I Can Only Imagine ' become the biggest Christian hit ever ( and inspire a movie ) ? '' . ^ Jump up to : `` Dove Awards History Year ( searchable database ) '' . GMA Dove Award . Gospel Music Association ( GMA ) . Archived from the original on 20 August 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Note : Search for either MercyMe or Bart Millard . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steven Douglas ( 26 December 2002 ) . `` Real People , Real Worship '' . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` STS - 129 Wakeup Calls '' . NASA . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Curator : Kim Dismukes ; responsible official : Amiko Kauderer . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 8 June 2008 ) . `` MercyMe , iTunes Originals Review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes Originals by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 7 April 2009 ) . `` MercyMe , `` 10 '' Review `` . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Jones , Kim . `` Who Sings `` I Can Only Imagine '' ? `` . About.com . About.com ( The New York Times Company ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Breimeier , Russ . `` Satisfy , Christian Music Reviews '' . The Fish . Christianity Today International ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September Demi Lovato has also covered the song . 2011 . Check date values in : access - date = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Jeff Carson Album & Song History '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Emerson Drive '' . Emerson Drive . 22 August 2008 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Charisma . `` ' Hairpiece Revival ' Spreads Worship Awakening Across the Country -- Charisma Magazine '' . www.charismamag.com . Jump up ^ Spiritwatch Ministries On YouTube ( 30 December 2014 ) . `` Suffer The Children - a film by Trevor Glass '' -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com `` I Can Only Imagine '' / `` Word of God Speak '' `` . Amazon.com . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Spoken For by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Word of God Speak '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 23 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Contemporary ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- MercyMe -- I Can Only Imagine '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . Retrieved February 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Christian Digital Songs : Top Worship Music Chart '' . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot Christian Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Digital Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE -- 80 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart Archives ( AC ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives ( Singles sales ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE -- 34 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2010 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2011 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . MercyMe singles Discography Almost There `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Spoken For `` Spoken For '' `` Word of God Speak '' `` The Change Inside Of Me '' Undone `` Here with Me '' `` Homesick '' `` In the Blink of an Eye '' Coming Up to Breathe `` So Long Self '' `` Hold Fast '' `` Bring the Rain '' All That Is Within Me `` God with Us '' `` You Reign '' `` Finally Home '' The Generous Mr. Lovewell `` All of Creation '' `` Beautiful '' `` Move '' The Hurt & The Healer `` The Hurt & The Healer '' Welcome to the New `` Shake '' Lifer `` Even If '' Other charted songs `` O Holy Night '' `` Silent Night '' `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' `` God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen '' `` The Little Drummer Boy '' `` It Came Upon a Midnight Clear '' `` Go Tell it on the Mountain '' `` Sleigh Ride '' Jeff Carson Studio albums Jeff Carson Butterfly Kisses Real Life Singles `` Not on Your Love '' `` The Car '' `` Holdin ' Onto Somethin ' '' `` Butterfly Kisses '' `` Real Life ( I Never Was the Same Again ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Can_Only_Imagine_(MercyMe_song)&oldid=837313786 '' Categories : 1990s ballads 1999 songs 2001 singles MercyMe songs Pop ballads Songs written by Bart Millard Curb Records singles Billboard Christian Songs number - one singles Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 errors : dates Use dmy dates from November 2012 Good articles Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs Singlechart usages for France Singlechart usages for Billboardchristiansongs Singlechart usages for Billboarddigitalsongs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Português Edit links This page was last edited on 20 April 2018 , at 01 : 39 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did i can only imagine become popular | ['"I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album\'s lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for \'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year\' and \'Song of the Year\'; Millard earned the Dove Award \'Songwriter of the Year\' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone.'] | ['in late 2003'] | "I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone. |
[question]: What is the name of the song that holds the record for the best-selling Christian single of all time?
[answer]: The name of the song that holds the record for the best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | What is the name of the song that holds the record for the best-selling Christian single of all time? | The name of the song that holds the record for the best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | 1 | 7.451607 | 22 | 159 | 1 |
19,701 | -5,515,226,833,280,737,000 | Cabo San Lucas | Cabo San Lucas - wikipedia Cabo San Lucas Jump to : navigation , search This is an encyclopedia article . For a travel guide see Cabo San Lucas . Cabo San Lucas Yenecami View of the harbor Cabo San Lucas ( 2005 ) Coat of arms Nickname ( s ) : Cabo Cabo San Lucas Location in Baja California Sur Coordinates : 22 ° 53 ′ 23 '' N 109 ° 54 ′ 56 '' W / 22.88972 ° N 109.91556 ° W / 22.88972 ; - 109.91556 Coordinates : 22 ° 53 ′ 23 '' N 109 ° 54 ′ 56 '' W / 22.88972 ° N 109.91556 ° W / 22.88972 ; - 109.91556 Country Mexico State Baja California Sur Elevation 20 m ( 70 ft ) Population ( 2010 ) Total 68,463 Time zone Pacific ( US Mountain ) ( UTC − 7 ) Summer ( DST ) Pacific ( UTC − 6 ) Cabo San Lucas ( Spanish pronunciation : ( ˈkaβo san ˈlukas ) , Cape Saint Luke ) , commonly called Cabo in American English , is a city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula , in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur . Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo is known as Los Cabos . Cabo has been rated as one of Mexico 's top 5 tourist destinations ; it is known for its beaches , scuba diving locations , balnearios , the sea arch El Arco de Cabo San Lucas , and marine life . The Los Cabos Corridor has become a heavily trafficked holiday destination for tourists , with numerous resorts and timeshares along the coast between Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo . Cabo houses a range of wildlife , including rays , sharks , birds , and a range of fish , such as mahi - mahi ( dorado ) , and striped marlin . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Tourism 2.1 Development 2.2 Transportation 2.3 Nightlife and activities 2.4 Resort corridor 3 Climate 4 Population 5 Education 6 See also 7 References 8 External links History ( edit ) Archaeological excavations have shown evidence of continual human habitation in the area for at least 10,000 years . When the first Europeans arrived , they encountered the Pericú people , who survived on a subsistence diet based on hunting and gathering seeds , roots , shellfish , and other marine resources . They called the location Yenecamú . According to the narrative of Hatsutaro , a Japanese castaway , in the book Kaigai Ibun ( written by Maekawa , Junzo and Bunzo Sakai and narrated by Hatsutaro ) , when he arrived at Cabo San Lucas in May 1842 , there were only two houses and about 20 inhabitants . However , American authors such as Henry Edwards and John Ross Browne claim that Cabo San Lucas 's founder was an Englishman named Thomas `` Old Tom '' Ritchie . John Ross Browne says Ritchie arrived there about 1828 , while Edwards says that he died in October 1874 . A fishing village began growing in the area . In 1917 , an American company built a floating platform to catch tuna , and ten years later founded Compañía de Productos Marinos S.A. The plant operated for several years . Tourism ( edit ) El Arco de Cabo San Lucas Cabo San Lucas has become a prominent vacation and spa destination , with a variety of sites of interest and timeshares that have been built on the coast between San Lucas and San José del Cabo . The distinctive Arco de Cabo San Lucas is a local landmark . Cabo San Lucas has the highest paying marlin tournament in the world called the `` Bisbee 's Los Cabos Offshore '' . This tournament takes place every year in the month of October . In the winter , pods of whales can be observed in the area . They bear their calves in the warm waters of the Gulf of California after completing their 6000 - mile migration from Alaska and Siberia . Development ( edit ) This view of Cabo San Lucas shows the rapid growth of the area ( 2005 ) The beaches , surfing , and sport fishing opportunities in Cabo San Lucas have attracted a great number of Mexican natives and foreigners to spend their vacations in large - scale tourist developments there . The development of Cabo 's tourism industry was prompted by the Mexican government 's development of infrastructure to turn Cabo San Lucas into a major center for tourism in Mexico , beginning in 1974 . Upon completion of the Transpeninsular Highway , also known as the Mexican Federal Highway 1 , tourist developments in Los Cabos proceeded relatively unchecked . Until fairly recently , the unique and fragile environment of this part of Mexico was largely unprotected by law , and therefore was subjected to developers acting in concert with government agencies interested only in low - end tourist bonanzas . There is , however , a growing collection of activists and attorneys now involved in preserving many of Baja 's desert habitats , marine mammals , and stretches of coastline . A number of agencies including the Gulf of California Conservation Fund and the Center for Environmental Law in La Paz are challenging the destruction of wetlands and other ecosystems from Los Cabos to Ensenada . In the face of a growing international public demand for corporate - driven ecological stewardship , higher - end resorts in the Los Cabos area are increasingly sensitive to their environmental impact , and are taking initial steps to institute sustainable practices such as reducing water usage and non-recyclable trash output . In 2017 Los Cabos is projected to be one of the leaders in travel in Latin America , many of the developments owed to its increased accessibility with added plane routes from the US and Canada . It is expected that by 2018 4,000 new sleeping rooms will come online in Cabo , and the increase in tourism will contribute to its growth as a leader in leisure . Transportation ( edit ) A sizeable marina dominates the port of Cabo San Lucas Cabo San Lucas San José del Cabo are served by Los Cabos International Airport . The town is also a popular port of call for many cruise ships . Cabo San Lucas has a small international airfield , which handles air traffic for general aviation flights and air taxi service . Many tourists get around the area through the numerous local taxis that service the primary parts of Cabo , as well as the Corridor and the airport . Alternatively , there is a system of small buses that are used by locals but also available to tourists , and costing a few pesos tend to be much less expensive than the taxis . Nightlife and activities ( edit ) Puerto Paraiso , in the very center of Cabo San Lucas Clubs in Cabo include the Cabo Wabo Cantina , the Baja Brewing Company ( also the first microbrewery in Baja California ) , Pink Kitty Nightclub , Mandala , El Squid Roe , Giggling Marlin , Nowhere Bar , Tiki Bar , the Usual Suspects and the Jungle Bar . Restaurants in downtown Cabo include Edith 's , Hacienda Cocina y Cantina , and Sunset da Mona Lisa . Tourists can also ride horses through the desert , charter a boat for fishing , snorkel , and parasail on the beach . The English - language newspaper for Cabo San Lucas , the biweekly `` Gringo Gazette '' , has news on tourist activities in Cabo San Lucas , San Jose , Todos Santos , La Paz , and the East Cape Baja . Resort Corridor ( edit ) Main article : Los Cabos Corridor Medano is the main beach of Cabo San Lucas , pictured here with Land 's End in the background The corridor is home to a variety of hotels and tourist attractions . High - end resorts in the corridor include the One&Only Palmilla , Esperanza , The Resort at Pedregal , and Las Ventanas al Paraiso . Medano Beach , located in the Chileno Bay , is one of the most frequented beaches in the Corridor . It is home to tropical fish , sea turtles , invertebrates , and sponges . Snorkelers often visit Chileno Bay to observe the underwater sea life . Climate ( edit ) Cabo San Lucas has a BWh desert climate . During summer , Cabo San Lucas is cooler than San José del Cabo by about by about 1.5 to 3 ° C ( 3 to 5 ° F ) . Sometimes during the summer , when winds blow from the Pacific Ocean instead of the Gulf of California , the differences in temperatures between San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas are higher . Cabo San Lucas is less rainy than San José del Cabo , although hurricanes can bring heavy rain for long periods . Hurricane Odile made landfall at Cabo San Lucas on 14 September 2014 , and caused widespread damage . Due to the position of the city and orography , local summer thunderstorms do not get near enough to bring rain to the town . The sea temperature experiences lows of 21 -- 22 ° C ( 70 -- 72 ° F ) in winter , and highs of 28 -- 29 ° C ( 82 -- 84 ° F ) during the summer months . ( hide ) Climate data for Cabo San Lucas , Baja California Sur ( 1951 -- 2010 , extremes 1937 -- 2010 ) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high ° C ( ° F ) 36.0 ( 96.8 ) 37.0 ( 98.6 ) 37.0 ( 98.6 ) 41.0 ( 105.8 ) 40.0 ( 104 ) 41.5 ( 106.7 ) 41.0 ( 105.8 ) 44.0 ( 111.2 ) 44.0 ( 111.2 ) 41.0 ( 105.8 ) 38.0 ( 100.4 ) 37.0 ( 98.6 ) 44.0 ( 111.2 ) Average high ° C ( ° F ) 25.4 ( 77.7 ) 25.9 ( 78.6 ) 26.9 ( 80.4 ) 29.0 ( 84.2 ) 30.7 ( 87.3 ) 31.7 ( 89.1 ) 33.3 ( 91.9 ) 33.7 ( 92.7 ) 33.0 ( 91.4 ) 32.1 ( 89.8 ) 29.4 ( 84.9 ) 26.8 ( 80.2 ) 29.8 ( 85.6 ) Daily mean ° C ( ° F ) 19.2 ( 66.6 ) 19.3 ( 66.7 ) 20.2 ( 68.4 ) 22.2 ( 72 ) 23.8 ( 74.8 ) 25.3 ( 77.5 ) 28.1 ( 82.6 ) 29.0 ( 84.2 ) 28.4 ( 83.1 ) 26.7 ( 80.1 ) 23.5 ( 74.3 ) 20.6 ( 69.1 ) 23.9 ( 75 ) Average low ° C ( ° F ) 13.0 ( 55.4 ) 12.7 ( 54.9 ) 13.5 ( 56.3 ) 15.4 ( 59.7 ) 17.0 ( 62.6 ) 19.0 ( 66.2 ) 22.8 ( 73 ) 24.2 ( 75.6 ) 23.9 ( 75 ) 21.4 ( 70.5 ) 17.5 ( 63.5 ) 14.5 ( 58.1 ) 17.9 ( 64.2 ) Record low ° C ( ° F ) 4.5 ( 40.1 ) 1.5 ( 34.7 ) 1.0 ( 33.8 ) 7.0 ( 44.6 ) 6.5 ( 43.7 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 10.0 ( 50 ) 1.0 ( 33.8 ) 5.0 ( 41 ) 1.0 ( 33.8 ) Average precipitation mm ( inches ) 11.7 ( 0.461 ) 3.4 ( 0.134 ) 1.8 ( 0.071 ) 1.3 ( 0.051 ) 0.1 ( 0.004 ) 0.0 ( 0 ) 13.3 ( 0.524 ) 48.5 ( 1.909 ) 82.3 ( 3.24 ) 32.2 ( 1.268 ) 11.5 ( 0.453 ) 14.5 ( 0.571 ) 220.6 ( 8.685 ) Average precipitation days ( ≥ 0.1 mm ) 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.9 3.3 1.6 0.7 1.0 12.7 Source : Servicio Meteorologico Nacional Suburb in Cabo San Lucas with terrain illustrating the mixture of the State 's common environments : semi-arid desert , mountains and coastal plains . Average Sea Temperature Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 22.4 ° C 72.4 ° F 21.5 ° C 70.7 ° F 21.5 ° C 70.6 ° F 21.5 ° C 70.7 ° F 23.5 ° C 74.3 ° F 23.1 ° C 73.5 ° F 25.7 ° C 78.2 ° F 28.5 ° C 83.2 ° F 29.5 ° C 85 ° F 29 ° C 84.1 ° F 26.8 ° C 80.2 ° F 24 ° C 75.3 ° F Population ( edit ) Historical population Year Pop . ± % 16,059 -- 1995 28,483 + 77.4 % 2000 -- 2005 -- 68,464 -- As of the 2010 Censo General de Población y Vivienda , the population was 68,463 and has experienced very rapid growth and development . It is the third - largest city in Baja California Sur after La Paz and San José del Cabo ( although it is only slightly less populous than San José del Cabo ) . The majority of non-Mexican inhabitants in the community originate from the United States , and along with residents from San José del Cabo they account for the 80 % of the U.S. population in the state . Education ( edit ) Secondary Colegio Amaranto , a private school , is in Cabo San Lucas Colegio El Camino , IB accredited K - 12 private school , in Pedregal , Cabo San Lucas Postsecondary Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Los Cabos , a campus of the National Institute of Technology of Mexico UABCS Los Cabos , a branch campus of the public Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur Universidad del Golfo de California , a private masters level university Universidad del Desarrollo Profesional S.C. , a local campus of UNIDEP , a private university See also ( edit ) Mexican Federal Highway 1 Mexican Federal Highway 19 Sebastián Vizcaíno References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Los Cabos '' . Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México . Mexico : INAFED. 2010 . Retrieved July 23 , 2014 . Jump up ^ John Howells and Don Merwin ( 2007 ) . Choose Mexico for retirement . Guilford , CT : The Globe Pequot Press . p. 182 . ISBN 9780762743926 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cabo San Lucas '' . Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 ( in Spanish ) . INEGI . Retrieved 3 September 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Best Destinations in Mexico - Travelers ' Choice Awards - TripAdvisor '' . Jump up ^ `` An Interview with Harumi Fujita on the Archaeology of Baja California Sur '' . Jump up ^ `` Thomas Ritchie ( 1810 - 1874 ) - Find A Grave Memorial '' . Jump up ^ Inc. , DAGTech Solutions , . `` Home Page - Bisbees.com '' . www.bisbees.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ The Gulf of California Conservation Fund Jump up ^ The Center for Environmental Law in La Paz Jump up ^ `` Going Green in Los Cabos '' . Jump up ^ http://www.travelpulse.com/news/destinations/is-los-cabos-becoming-a-luxury-leader-in-the-americas.html Jump up ^ http://www.cabosanlucas.net/fast_facts/getting_around.php Jump up ^ `` Mexican Newspapers and News Sites '' . Jump up ^ `` Hurricane Odile Timeline : Unprecedented Cyclone Leaves Widespread Damage in Cabo San Lucas , Baja California '' . weather.com . Retrieved 2014 - 09 - 17 . Jump up ^ Ltd , Copyright Global Sea Temperatures - A-Connect . `` Cabo San Lucas Sea Temperature January Average , Mexico - Sea Temperatures '' . Jump up ^ `` Estado de Baja California Sur - Estacion : Cabo San Lucas '' . Normales Climatologicas 1951 -- 2010 ( in Spanish ) . Servicio Meteorologico Nacional . Archived from the original on March 3 , 2016 . Retrieved 22 April 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for Cabo San Lucas 1937 -- 2010 '' ( in Spanish ) . Servicio Meteorológico Nacional . Archived from the original on March 4 , 2016 . Retrieved 22 April 2015 . Jump up ^ http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/TabuladosBasicos/LeerArchivo.aspx?ct=993&c=16762&s=est&f=1 Jump up ^ Morales , Omar Lizárraga ( 1 January 2010 ) . `` The US citizens Retirement Migration to Los Cabos , Mexico . Profile and social effects '' . 1 ( 1 ) -- via journal.lib.uoguelph.ca . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cabo San Lucas . Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cabo San Lucas . Cabo San Lucas travel guide from Wikivoyage Cabo San Lucas links at Curlie ( based on DMOZ ) State of Baja California Sur La Paz ( capital ) Municipalities and municipal seats Comondú ( Ciudad Constitución ) Mulegé ( Santa Rosalía ) La Paz ( La Paz ) Los Cabos ( San José del Cabo ) Loreto ( Loreto ) VIAF : 138423505 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabo_San_Lucas&oldid=815605438 '' Categories : Headlands of Mexico Landforms of Baja California Sur Los Cabos Municipality ( Baja California Sur ) Populated places in Baja California Sur Populated coastal places in Mexico Port cities and towns on the Mexican Pacific coast Beaches of Baja California Sur Hidden categories : CS1 Spanish - language sources ( es ) Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013 All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from March 2012 Articles with DMOZ links Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Български Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Ирон Italiano Ladino मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Svenska Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 15 December 2017 , at 21 : 50 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where is cabo san lucas located on the map | ['Cabo San Lucas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaβo san ˈlukas], Cape Saint Luke), commonly called Cabo in American English, is a city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo is known as Los Cabos.'] | ['at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur'] | Cabo San Lucas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaβo san ˈlukas], Cape Saint Luke), commonly called Cabo in American English, is a city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo is known as Los Cabos. |
[question]: What is the name of the Mexican state where Cabo San Lucas is located?
[answer]: The Mexican state where Cabo San Lucas is located is Baja California Sur. | What is the name of the Mexican state where Cabo San Lucas is located? | The Mexican state where Cabo San Lucas is located is Baja California Sur. | 1 | 7.449379 | 13 | 51 | 1 |
2,954 | 6,293,998,745,350,955,000 | Eastern Idaho | Eastern Idaho - wikipedia Eastern Idaho This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Map of Idaho highlighting Eastern Idaho in red Eastern Idaho is the area of Idaho lying east of the Magic Valley region . It is generally understood to include : Bannock , Bear Lake , Bingham , Bonneville , Butte , Caribou , Clark , Custer , Franklin , Fremont , Jefferson , Madison , Oneida , Power and Teton Counties . In terms of culture much of the region is in the Mormon Corridor and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints plays a major role in the lives of a majority of the region 's residents . Contents 1 Demographics 2 Politics 3 Education 4 Culture 5 Agriculture 6 Technology 7 See also 8 References Demographics ( edit ) According to the 2010 census the counties of the Eastern Idaho region had a combined population of 365,847 . Idaho Falls and Pocatello are the region 's largest cities and only metropolitan areas , accounting for the majority of the region 's population . Other important cities include Rexburg , Chubbuck and Blackfoot . Americans who are of ethnic English stock form a large plurality in every county in eastern Idaho . Politics ( edit ) Eastern Idaho is a solidly Republican region , even more so than the rest of the state . Besides Teton County voting for Barack Obama in 2008 , no county in the region has voted for a Democratic presidential nominee since the landslide election of 1964 , which was also the last time the region as well as the state of Idaho as a whole voted for the candidate of the Democratic Party . The region has also shown a strong affinity for third - party candidates , such as for the candidacies of George Wallace in 1968 , John G. Schmitz in 1972 , Bo Gritz in 1992 , and Evan McMullin in 2016 , all four of whom besides Wallace performed exceptionally well there proportionate to the share of the national vote . Education ( edit ) Eastern Idaho is home to several of the state 's colleges and universities , including Idaho State University in Pocatello , College of Eastern Idaho in Idaho Falls and Brigham Young University - Idaho in Rexburg . The Center for Higher Education provides outreach degree programs for Idaho State University and the University of Idaho at University Place in Idaho Falls . Most of the region 's cities and towns support separate public school districts . Culture ( edit ) Eastern Idaho is generally thought of as an all - season outdoor mecca above all else , with ski resorts Kelly Canyon and Pebble Creek , and extreme proximity to Yellowstone , the Tetons , Jackson , and Grand Targhee in Wyoming , each of which lie near the Idaho border . The area is also renowned in the fly fishing world as well , with travelers coming from afar to fish the Snake River and its branches and tributaries . Island Park , Bear Lake , Heise Hot Springs , and Lava Hot Springs are also regional tourist hotspots . Cultural events are routinely held at Idaho State University and Brigham Young University - Idaho , and at various venues throughout downtown Idaho Falls . Idaho State University 's 123,000 - square - foot ( 11,400 m ) L.E. and Thelma E Stephens Performing Arts Center contains state - of - the - art performance space . The facility 's Jensen Grand Concert Hall contains more than 500 fiberglass - reinforced gypsum panels which allow the concert hall to be computer - tuned . Two ceiling canopies allow the acoustics of the hall to be computer - adjusted , making the center a hit with both performers and their audiences . Idaho Falls 's Museum of Idaho brings in major national exhibitions each year , including Da Vinci inventions and the famous Bodies exhibit . The Eastern Idaho State Fair is held every September in Blackfoot . The 2004 independent film Napoleon Dynamite was set in and filmed on location in Preston in Cache Valley . Since The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints is the largest religion in the region , Mormon culture dominates the region , though there are also many Methodists , Baptists , Episcopalians , Roman Catholics , Presbyterians , and Jehovah 's Witnesses . The only professional sports team in the region is the Idaho Falls Chukars of Minor League Baseball . The organization , which has changed names and affiliations numerous times , has been around since 1940 and has played at Melaleuca Field since 2007 . In the spring of 2018 , Eastern Idaho gained a semi-professional soccer team Idaho Lobos FC based in Idaho Falls . The team competes in the Mountain Conference of the UPSL . Agriculture ( edit ) The Eastern Idaho region grows most of Idaho 's potato crop , making it one of the world 's most productive potato - growing areas . Barley for beer production is also significant . Several major breweries , including Coors , Anheuser - Busch and Mexico 's Grupo Modelo have barley producing operations in the area . Sugar beets , alfalfa and wheat are also major crops . There are also many cattle ranches for raising beef . Technology ( edit ) Idaho National Laboratory between Idaho Falls and Arco in Butte County is one of the nation 's top nuclear research facilities. Philo Farnsworth , inventor of the cathode ray tube , and considered the primary inventor of television grew up in Rigby . ON Semiconductor ( formerly AMIS ) of Pocatello is a computer chip manufacturer . Idaho State University in Pocatello is home to the Idaho Accelerator Center . The center contains 10 operating accelerators used in research done through the University , national laboratories such as INL , and the private sector . Idaho State University operates the Center For Advanced Energy Studies at University Place in Idaho Falls . This public - private partnership researches solutions to America 's continuing energy crisis . See also ( edit ) Idaho Falls metropolitan area Pocatello metropolitan area Rexburg micropolitan area The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints in Idaho Mormon Corridor References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Although Wallace underperformed his national margins in the region , he received some of his best results outside the South in eastern Idaho . Jump up ^ http://www.upslsoccer.com/teams/idaho-lobos-fc State of Idaho Boise ( capital ) Topics Index Bibliography Geography Government Delegations Governors History Images People Symbols Tourist attractions Seal of Idaho Society Crime Culture Demographics Economy Education Politics Regions Boise metropolitan area Cache Valley Central Idaho Columbia River Plateau Eastern Idaho Great Basin Inland Empire Magic Valley North Central Idaho Idaho Panhandle Palouse Southern Idaho Southwestern Idaho Treasure Valley Wasatch Range Wood River Valley Yellowstone Larger cities Boise Nampa Meridian Idaho Falls Pocatello Caldwell Coeur d'Alene Twin Falls Lewiston Post Falls Rexburg Moscow Eagle Smaller cities Kuna Ammon Chubbuck Mountain Home Hayden Blackfoot Garden City Jerome Burley Counties Ada Adams Bannock Bear Lake Benewah Bingham Blaine Boise Bonner Bonneville Boundary Butte Camas Canyon Caribou Cassia Clark Clearwater Custer Elmore Franklin Fremont Gem Gooding Idaho Jefferson Jerome Kootenai Latah Lemhi Lewis Lincoln Madison Minidoka Nez Perce Oneida Owyhee Payette Power Shoshone Teton Twin Falls Valley Washington Coordinates : 43 ° N 112 ° W / 43 ° N 112 ° W / 43 ; - 112 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Idaho&oldid=849031267 '' Categories : Regions of Idaho Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from December 2009 All articles needing additional references Coordinates on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Add links This page was last edited on 6 July 2018 , at 01 : 14 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where are most of the potatoes grown in idaho | ["The Eastern Idaho region grows most of Idaho's potato crop, making it one of the world's most productive potato-growing areas. Barley for beer production is also significant. Several major breweries, including Coors, Anheuser-Busch and Mexico's Grupo Modelo have barley producing operations in the area. Sugar beets, alfalfa and wheat are also major crops. There are also many cattle ranches for raising beef.\n"] | ['The Eastern Idaho region'] | The Eastern Idaho region grows most of Idaho's potato crop, making it one of the world's most productive potato-growing areas. Barley for beer production is also significant. Several major breweries, including Coors, Anheuser-Busch and Mexico's Grupo Modelo have barley producing operations in the area. Sugar beets, alfalfa and wheat are also major crops. There are also many cattle ranches for raising beef.
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[question]: What are some of the major crops grown in Eastern Idaho?
[answer]: Some of the major crops grown in Eastern Idaho include potatoes, barley, sugar beets, alfalfa, and wheat. | What are some of the major crops grown in Eastern Idaho? | Some of the major crops grown in Eastern Idaho include potatoes, barley, sugar beets, alfalfa, and wheat. | 1 | 7.447208 | 17 | 62 | 1 |
13,243 | -5,966,337,309,778,060,000 | Masters Tournament | Masters tournament - Wikipedia Masters tournament `` The Masters '' redirects here . For other sports tournaments that may be referred to as `` The Masters '' , see Master . For the C.P. Snow novel , see The Masters ( novel ) . For the album by The Stranglers , see The Masters ( Stranglers album ) . Masters Tournament Tournament information Location Augusta , Georgia , U.S. Established March 22 , 1934 ; 84 years ago ( 1934 - 03 - 22 ) Course ( s ) Augusta National Golf Club Par 72 Length 7,435 yards ( 6,799 m ) Organized by Augusta National Golf Club Tour ( s ) PGA Tour European Tour Japan Golf Tour Format Stroke play Prize fund $ 11.0 million Month played April Tournament record score Aggregate 270 Tiger Woods ( 1997 ) 270 Jordan Spieth ( 2015 ) To par − 18 as above Current champion Patrick Reed 2018 Masters Tournament Augusta Location in the United States Augusta Location in Georgia The Masters Tournament ( usually referred to as simply The Masters , or the U.S. Masters outside of North America ) is one of the four major championships in professional golf . Scheduled for the first full week of April , the Masters is the first major of the year , and unlike the others , it is held at the same location , Augusta National Golf Club , a private course in the southeastern United States , in the city of Augusta , Georgia . The Masters was started by noted amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts . After his grand slam in 1930 , Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie . First played 84 years ago in 1934 , the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour , the European Tour , and the Japan Golf Tour . The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event , held by the Augusta National Golf Club . The tournament has a number of traditions . Since 1949 , a green jacket has been awarded to the champion , who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory , although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions ' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom . In most instances , only a first - time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds . A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win ( unless he needs to be re-fitted with a new jacket ) . The Champions Dinner , inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952 , is held on the Tuesday before each tournament , and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club . Beginning in 1963 , legendary golfers , usually past champions , have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play . These have included Fred McLeod , Jock Hutchinson , Gene Sarazen , Sam Snead , Byron Nelson , Arnold Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , and Gary Player . Since 1960 , a semi-social contest at the par - 3 course has been played on Wednesday , the day before the first round . Nicklaus has the most Masters wins , with six between 1963 and 1986 . Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each , and five have won three titles at Augusta : Jimmy Demaret , Sam Snead , Gary Player , Nick Faldo , and Phil Mickelson . Player , from South Africa , was the first non-American player to win the tournament , in 1961 ; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain , the champion in 1980 and 1983 . The Augusta National course first opened 85 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects . Among the changes : greens have been reshaped and , on occasion , entirely re-designed , bunkers have been added , water hazards have been extended , new tee boxes have been built , hundreds of trees have been planted , and several mounds have been installed . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Augusta National Golf Club 1.2 Early tournament years 1.3 1960s -- 1970s 1.4 1980s -- 2000s 2 Traditions 2.1 Awards 2.2 Pre-tournament events 2.3 Par - 3 contest 2.4 Player invitations 2.5 Opening tee shot 2.6 Champions ' Dinner 2.7 Caddies 2.8 Other traditions 3 Format 4 Course 4.1 Course adjustments 5 Field 6 Champions 7 Low amateurs 8 Records 9 Broadcasting 9.1 United States television 9.2 Radio coverage 9.3 International television 10 Ticketing 11 See also 12 References 13 External links History ( edit ) Masters logo at the club entrance Augusta National golf club ( edit ) Main article : Augusta National Golf Club The idea for Augusta National originated with Bobby Jones , who wanted to build a golf course after his retirement from the game . He sought advice from Clifford Roberts , who later became the chairman of the club . They came across a piece of land in Augusta , Georgia , of which Jones said : `` Perfect ! And to think this ground has been lying here all these years waiting for someone to come along and lay a golf course upon it . '' The land had been an indigo plantation in the early nineteenth century and a plant nursery since 1857 . Jones hired Alister MacKenzie to help design the course , and work began in 1931 . The course formally opened in 1933 , but MacKenzie died before the first Masters Tournament was played . Early tournament years ( edit ) The first `` Augusta National Invitational '' Tournament , as the Masters was originally known , began on March 22 , 1934 , and was won by Horton Smith , who took the first prize of $1,500 . The present name was adopted in 1939 . The first tournament was played with current holes 10 through 18 played as the first nine , and 1 through 9 as the second nine then reversed permanently to its present layout for the 1935 tournament . Initially the Augusta National Invitational field was composed of Bobby Jones ' close associates . Jones had petitioned the USGA to hold the U.S. Open at Augusta but the USGA denied the petition , noting that the hot Georgia summers would create difficult playing conditions . Gene Sarazen hit the `` shot heard ' round the world '' in 1935 , holing a shot from the fairway on the par 5 15th for a double eagle ( albatross ) . This tied Sarazen with Craig Wood , and in the ensuing 36 - hole playoff Sarazen was the victor by five strokes . The tournament was not played from 1943 to 1945 , due to World War II . To assist the war effort , cattle and turkeys were raised on the Augusta National grounds . 1960s -- 1970s ( edit ) The Big Three of Arnold Palmer , Gary Player , and Jack Nicklaus dominated the Masters from 1960 through 1978 , winning the event 11 times among them during that span . After winning by one stroke in 1958 , Palmer won by one stroke again in 1960 in memorable circumstances . Trailing Ken Venturi by one shot in the 1960 event , Palmer made birdies on the last two holes to prevail . Palmer would go on to win another two Masters in 1962 and 1964 . Jack Nicklaus at the 2006 par 3 contest Jack Nicklaus emerged in the early 1960s , and served as a rival to the popular Palmer . Nicklaus won his first green jacket in 1963 , defeating Tony Lema by one stroke . Two years later , he shot a then - course record of 271 ( 17 under par ) for his second Masters win , leading Bobby Jones to say that Nicklaus played `` a game with which I am not familiar . '' The next year , Nicklaus won his third green jacket in a grueling 18 - hole playoff against Tommy Jacobs and Gay Brewer . This made Nicklaus the first player to win consecutive Masters . He won again in 1972 by three strokes . In 1975 , Nicklaus won by one stroke in a close contest with Tom Weiskopf and Johnny Miller in one of the most exciting Masters to date . Gary Player became the first non-American to win the Masters in 1961 , beating Palmer , the defending champion . In 1974 , he won again by two strokes . After not winning a tournament on the U.S. PGA tour for nearly four years , and at the age of 42 , Player won his third and final Masters in 1978 by one stroke over three players . Player currently shares ( with Fred Couples ) the record of making 23 consecutive cuts , and has played in a record 52 Masters . A controversial ending to the Masters occurred in 1968 . Roberto De Vicenzo signed a scorecard ( scored by playing partner Tommy Aaron ) which incorrectly showed him as making a par 4 instead of a birdie 3 on the 17th hole of the final round . By the rules of golf , if a player signs a scorecard ( thereby attesting to its veracity ) that records a score on a hole higher than what he actually made on the hole , the player receives the higher score for that hole . This extra stroke cost De Vicenzo a chance to be in an 18 - hole Monday playoff with Bob Goalby , who won the green jacket . De Vicenzo 's mistake led to the famous quote , `` What a stupid I am . '' In 1975 , Lee Elder became the first African American to play in the Masters , doing so 15 years before Augusta National admitted its first black member , Ron Townsend , as a result of the Shoal Creek Controversy . 1980s -- 2000s ( edit ) Non-Americans collected 11 victories in 20 years in the 1980s and 1990s , by far the strongest run they have had in any of the three majors played in the United States since the early days of the U.S. Open . The first European to win the Masters was Seve Ballesteros in 1980 . Nicklaus became the oldest player to win the Masters in 1986 when he won for the sixth time at age 46 . During this period , no golfer suffered from the pressure of competing at Augusta more than Greg Norman . In 1987 , Norman lost a sudden - death playoff to Larry Mize when Mize holed out a remarkable 45 - yard pitch shot to birdie the second playoff hole and win the Masters . In 1996 , Norman tied the course record with an opening round 63 , and had a six - stroke lead over Nick Faldo entering the final round . Norman shot a 78 while Faldo scored a 67 to win by five shots ( for his third Masters championship ) . Norman also suffered in 1986 when after birdieing four straight holes , and needing only a par to tie Nicklaus for the lead and force a Monday playoff , he badly pushed his 4 - iron approach on 18 and missed his par putt for a closing bogey . At age 21 in 1997 , Tiger Woods won the Masters by twelve shots and broke the 72 - hole record that had stood for 32 years . Woods completed his `` Tiger Slam '' by winning his fourth straight major championship at the Masters in 2001 . He won again the following year , making him only the third player in history to win the tournament in consecutive years , as well as in 2005 when he defeated Chris DiMarco in a playoff for his first major championship win in almost three years . The club was targeted by Martha Burk , who organized a failed protest at the 2003 Masters to pressure the club into accepting female members . Burk planned to protest at the front gates of Augusta National during the third day of the tournament , but her application for a permit to do so was denied . A court appeal was dismissed . In 2004 , Burk stated that she had no further plans to protest against the club . Augusta National Chairman Billy Payne himself made headlines in April 2010 , however , when he commented ( at the annual pre-Masters press conference ) on Tiger Woods ' off - the - course behavior . `` It 's not simply the degree of his conduct that is so egregious here , '' Payne said , in his opening speech . `` It is the fact he disappointed all of us and more importantly our kids and grandkids . '' The 2003 tournament was won by Mike Weir , who became the first Canadian to win a men 's major championship , and the first left - hander to win the Masters . The following year , another left - hander , Phil Mickelson , won his first major championship by making a birdie on the final hole to beat Ernie Els by a stroke . Mickelson also won the tournament in 2006 and 2010 . In 2011 , the tournament was won by South African Charl Schwartzel , who birdied the final four holes to win by two strokes . In 2012 , Bubba Watson won the tournament on the second playoff hole . Watson 's win marked the fifth time that a left - hander won the Masters in the previous ten tournaments . Prior to 2003 , no left - hander had ever won the Masters . The 2013 Masters was won by Adam Scott , the first Australian to win the tournament . Watson won the 2014 Masters by three strokes over Jordan Spieth and Jonas Blixt . It was his second Masters victory in three years . In 2015 , Spieth would become the second - youngest winner in just his second Masters . Traditions ( edit ) Awards ( edit ) The total prize money for the 2014 tournament was $9,000,000 , with $1,620,000 going to the winner . In the inaugural year of 1934 , the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse . After Nicklaus 's first win in 1963 , he received $20,000 , while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000 . In recent years the purse has grown quickly . Between 2001 and 2014 , the winner 's share grew by $612,000 , and the purse grew by $3,400,000 . In addition to a cash prize , the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket , formally awarded since 1949 , and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that . The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds ; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club . The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament , and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the patrons . Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory , then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit . The tradition began in 1949 , when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles . The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion , after which it must remain at the club . Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player , who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory ( although he has always followed the spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket ) ; Seve Ballesteros who , in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña , showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room ; and Henry Picard , whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established , remained in his closet for a number of years , and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood , Ohio , where he was the club professional for many years . By tradition , the winner of the previous year 's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament . In 1966 , Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself . When Nick Faldo ( in 1990 ) and Tiger Woods ( in 2002 ) repeated as champions , the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them . There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament . The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase , while players who score a hole - in - one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl . For each eagle a player makes he receives a pair of crystal goblets . In addition to the green jacket , winners of the tournament receive a gold medal . They have their names engraved on the actual silver Masters trophy , introduced in 1961 , which depicts the clubhouse . This trophy remains at Augusta National ; since 1993 winners have received a sterling silver replica . The runner - up receives a silver medal , introduced in 1951 . Beginning in 1978 , a silver salver was added as an award for the runner - up . In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award , known as the Silver Cup , to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut . In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner - up . In 2017 , a green jacket that was found at a thrift store in 1994 was sold at auction for $139,000 . Pre-tournament events ( edit ) In 2013 , Augusta National partnered with the USGA and the PGA of America to establish Drive , Chip and Putt , a youth golf skills competition which was first held in 2014 . The event was established as part of an effort to help promote the sport of golf among youth ; the winners of local qualifiers in different age groups advance to the national finals , which have been held at Augusta National on the Sunday immediately preceding the Masters . The driving and chipping portions of the event are held on the course 's practice range , but the putting portion has been played on the course 's 18th hole . On April 4 , 2018 , prior to the 2018 tournament , new Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced that the club would host a new Women 's amateur championship beginning in 2019 . The first two rounds will be held at the Champion 's Retreat club in Evans , Georgia , with the final two rounds hosted by Augusta National ( the final round will take place on the Saturday directly preceding the tournament ) . Ridley stated that holding such an event at Augusta National would have the `` greatest impact '' on women 's golf . Although concerns were raised that the event would conflict with the LPGA Tour 's Dinah Shore major ( which has invited top amateur players to compete ) , Ridley stated that he had discussed the event with commissioner Mike Whan , and stated that he agreed on the notion that any move to bolster the prominence of women 's golf would be a `` win '' for the LPGA over time . Par - 3 contest ( edit ) Main article : Masters Tournament Par - 3 contest The 9th hole on the par 3 course . The Par 3 Contest was first introduced in 1960 , and was won that year by Snead . Since then it has traditionally been played on the Wednesday before the tournament starts . The par 3 course was built in 1958 . It is a nine - hole course , with a par of 27 , and measures 1,060 yards ( 970 m ) in length . There have been 94 holes - in - one in the history of the contest , with a record nine occurring in 2016 . Camilo Villegas became the first player to card two holes - in - one in the same round during the 2015 Par 3 Contest . No par 3 contest winner has also won the Masters in the same year . There have been several repeat winners , including Pádraig Harrington , Sandy Lyle , Sam Snead , and Tom Watson . The former two won in successive years . In this event , golfers may use their children as caddies , which helps to create a family - friendly atmosphere . In 2008 , the event was televised for the first time by ESPN . The winner of the par 3 competition , which is played the day before the tournament begins , wins a crystal bowl . Player invitations ( edit ) As with the other majors , winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure . Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors ( the U.S. Open , The Open Championship , and the PGA Championship ) for the next five years ( except for amateur winners , unless they turn pro within the five - year period ) , and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters . They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years . Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion , Bobby Jones , the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf . It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world . Also , the current U.S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament . Amateurs in the field are welcome to stay in the `` Crow 's Nest '' atop the Augusta National clubhouse during the tournament . The Crow 's Nest is 1,200 square feet ( 110 m ) with lodging space for five during the competition . Opening tee shot ( edit ) Since 1963 , the custom in most years has been to start the tournament with an honorary opening tee shot at the first hole , typically by one or more legendary players . The original honorary starters were Jock Hutchison and Fred McLeod ; this twosome led off every tournament from 1963 until 1973 , when poor health prevented Hutchison from swinging a club . McLeod continued on until his death in 1976 . Byron Nelson and Gene Sarazen started in 1981 , and were then joined by Sam Snead in 1984 . This trio continued until 1999 when Sarazen died , while Nelson stopped in 2001 . Snead hit his final opening tee shot in 2002 , a little over a month before he died . In 2007 , Arnold Palmer took over as the honorary starter . Palmer also had the honor in 2008 and 2009 . At the 2010 and 2011 Masters Tournaments , Jack Nicklaus joined Palmer as an honorary co-starter for the event . In 2012 , Gary Player joined them . Palmer announced in March 2016 that a lingering shoulder issue would prevent him from partaking in the 2016 tee shot . Palmer was still in attendance for the ceremony . Following Palmer 's death in 2016 , the 2017 ceremony featured tributes ; his green jacket was draped over an empty white chair , while everyone in attendance wore `` Arnie 's Army '' badges . Champions ' dinner ( edit ) The Champions ' Dinner is held each year on the Tuesday evening preceding Thursday 's first round . The dinner was first held in 1952 , hosted by defending champion Ben Hogan , to honor the past champions of the tournament . At that time 15 tournaments had been played , and the number of past champions was 11 . Officially known as the `` Masters Club '' , it includes only past winners of the Masters , although selected members of the Augusta National Golf Club have been included as honorary members , usually the chairman . The defending champion , as host , selects the menu for the dinner . Frequently , Masters champions have served finely prepared cuisine by the Masters chef from their home regions . Notable examples have included haggis , served by Scotsman Sandy Lyle in 1989 , and bobotie , a South African dish , served at the behest of 2008 champion Trevor Immelman . Other examples include German Bernhard Langer 's 1986 Wiener schnitzel , Britain 's Nick Faldo 's fish and chips , Canadian Mike Weir 's elk and wild boar , and Vijay Singh 's seafood tom kah and chicken panang curry . In 1997 , 1979 champion Fuzzy Zoeller created a media storm when he suggested that Tiger Woods refrain from serving collard greens and fried chicken , dishes commonly associated with Afro - American culture , at the dinner . The 2011 dinner of Phil Mickelson was a Spanish - themed menu in hopes that Seve Ballesteros would attend , but he was too sick to attend and died weeks later . Caddies ( edit ) Until 1983 , all players in the Masters were required to use the services of an Augusta National Club caddie , who by club tradition was always an African American man . Indeed , club co-founder Clifford Roberts is reputed to have said , `` As long as I 'm alive , golfers will be white , and caddies will be black . '' Since 1983 , players have been allowed the option of bringing their own caddie to the tournament . The Masters requires caddies to wear a uniform consisting of a white jumpsuit , a green Masters cap , and white tennis shoes . The surname , and sometimes first initial , of each player is found on the back of his caddie 's uniform . The defending champion always receives caddie number `` 1 '' : other golfers get their caddie numbers from the order in which they register for the tournament . The other majors and some PGA Tour events formerly had a similar policy concerning caddies well into the 1970s ; the U.S. Open first allowed players to use their own caddies in 1976 . Other traditions ( edit ) The day after the tournament closes , The Bobby Jones Scholars from The University of St Andrews in Scotland play a four - ball round on the course -- the last people to do so before the greenkeepers start the process of repairing and restoring the course to pre-tournament standard . Format ( edit ) The Masters is the first major championship of the year . Since 1948 , its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April , with several exceptions . It ended on the first Sunday four times ( 1952 , 1957 , 1958 , 1959 ) and the 1979 and 1984 tournaments ended on April 15 , the month 's third Sunday . The first edition in 1934 was held in late March and the next ten were in early April , with only the 1942 event scheduled to end on the second Sunday . Similar to the other majors , the tournament consists of four rounds at 18 holes each , Thursday through Sunday ( when there are no delays ) . The Masters has a relatively small field of contenders , when compared with other golf tournaments , so the competitors play in groups of three for the first two rounds ( 36 holes ) and the field is not split to start on the 1st and 10th tees , unless weather shortens the available playing time . The tournament is unique in that it is the only major tournament conducted by a private club rather than a national golf organization like the PGA . Originally , the Masters was the only tournament to use two - man pairings during the first two rounds . It was also the only event to re-pair based on the leaderboard before Friday 's round , as most tournaments only do this on the weekend . This practice ended in the early 2000s , when the Masters switched to the more standard three - man groups and the groups are now kept in - tact on Friday , with players sharing the same playing partners in both of the first two rounds . After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds . To `` make the cut '' , players must be either in the top 50 places ( ties counting ) , or within 10 strokes of the leader 's score . These criteria have applied since 2013 . From 1957 to 1960 , the top 40 scores ( including ties ) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut . From 1961 to 2012 , it was the top 44 ( and ties ) or within 10 strokes of the lead . Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired . Following the cut , an additional 36 holes are played over the final two days . Should the fourth round fail to produce a winner , all players tied for the lead enter a sudden - death playoff . Play begins on the 18th hole , followed by the adjacent 10th , repeating until one player remains . Adopted in 1976 , the sudden - death playoff was originally formatted to start on the first hole , but was not needed for the first three years . It was changed for 1979 to the inward ( final ) nine holes , starting at the tenth tee , where the television coverage began . First employed that same year , the Masters ' first sudden - death playoff ended on the eleventh green . The current arrangement , beginning at the 18th tee , was amended for 2004 and first used the following year . Through 2017 , the eleven sudden - death playoffs have yet to advance past the second extra hole . Earlier playoffs were 18 holes on the following day , except for the first in 1935 , which was 36 holes ; the last 18 - hole playoff was in 1970 , and none of the full - round playoffs went to additional holes . Course ( edit ) The golf course was formerly a plant nursery and each hole is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated . The course layout in 2014 : Hole Name Yards Par Hole Name Yards Par Tea Olive 445 10 Camellia 495 Pink Dogwood 575 5 11 White Dogwood 505 Flowering Peach 350 12 Golden Bell 155 Flowering Crab Apple 240 13 Azalea 510 5 5 Magnolia 455 14 Chinese Fir 440 6 Juniper 180 15 Firethorn 530 5 7 Pampas 450 16 Redbud 170 8 Yellow Jasmine 570 5 17 Nandina 440 9 Carolina Cherry 460 18 Holly 465 Out 3,725 36 In 3,710 36 Source : Total 7,435 72 Lengths of the course for the Masters at the start of each decade : 2010 : 7,435 yards ( 6,799 m ) 2000 : 6,985 yards ( 6,387 m ) 1990 : 6,905 yards ( 6,314 m ) 1980 : 7,040 yards ( 6,437 m ) 1970 : 6,980 yards ( 6,383 m ) 1960 : 6,980 yards ( 6,383 m ) 1950 : 6,900 yards ( 6,309 m ) 1940 : 6,800 yards ( 6,218 m ) The course was lengthened to 7,445 yards ( 6,808 m ) in 2006 . The first hole was shortened by 10 yards ( 9 m ) in 2009 , resulting in the current length of 7,435 yards ( 6,799 m ) . Course adjustments ( edit ) As with many other courses , Augusta National 's championship setup was lengthened in recent years . In 2001 , the course measured 6,925 yards ( 6,332 m ) and was extended to 7,270 yards ( 6,648 m ) for 2002 , and again in 2006 to 7,445 yards ( 6,808 m ) ; 520 yards ( 475 m ) longer than the 2001 course . The changes attracted many critics , including the most successful players in Masters history , Jack Nicklaus , Arnold Palmer , Gary Player and Tiger Woods . Woods claimed that the `` shorter hitters are going to struggle . '' Augusta National chairman Hootie Johnson was unperturbed , stating , `` We are comfortable with what we are doing with the golf course . '' After a practice round , Gary Player defended the changes , saying , `` There have been a lot of criticisms , but I think unjustly so , now I 've played it ... The guys are basically having to hit the same second shots that Jack Nicklaus had to hit ( in his prime ) '' . Originally , the grass on the putting greens was the wide - bladed Bermuda . The greens lost speed , especially during the late 1970s , after the introduction of a healthier strain of narrow - bladed Bermuda , which thrived and grew thicker . In 1978 , the greens on the par 3 course were reconstructed with bentgrass , a narrow - bladed species that could be mowed shorter , eliminating grain . After this test run , the greens on the main course were replaced with bentgrass in time for the 1981 Masters . The bentgrass resulted in significantly faster putting surfaces , which has required a reduction in some of the contours of the greens over time . Just before the 1975 tournament , the common beige sand in the bunkers was replaced with the now - signature white feldspar . It is a quartz derivative of the mining of feldspar and is shipped in from North Carolina . Field ( edit ) The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships , with 90 -- 100 players . Unlike other majors , there are no alternates or qualifying tournaments . It is an invitational event , with invitations largely issued on an automatic basis to players who meet published criteria . The top 50 players in the Official World Golf Ranking are all invited . Past champions are always eligible , but since 2002 the Augusta National Golf Club has discouraged them from continuing to participate at an advanced age . Some will later become honorary starters . Invitation categories See footnote . Note : Categories 7 -- 11 are honored only if the participants maintain their amateur status prior to the tournament . Masters Tournament Champions ( lifetime ) U.S. Open champions ( five years ) The Open champions ( five years ) PGA champions ( five years ) Winners of the Players Championship ( three years ) Current Olympic Gold Medalist ( one year ) Current U.S. Amateur champion and runner - up Current British Amateur champion Current Asia - Pacific Amateur champion Current U.S. Mid-Amateur champion Current Latin America Amateur champion The first 12 players , including ties , in the previous year 's Masters Tournament The first 4 players , including ties , in the previous year 's U.S. Open The first 4 players , including ties , in the previous year 's Open Championship The first 4 players , including ties , in the previous year 's PGA Championship Winners of PGA Tour regular - season and playoff events that award at least a full - point allocation for the FedEx Cup , starting with the RBC Heritage the week after the Masters to the Shell Houston Open the week beforehand . Those qualifying for the previous year 's season - ending Tour Championship ( top 30 in FedEx Cup prior to tournament ) The 50 leaders on the Final Official World Golf Ranking for the previous calendar year The 50 leaders on the Official World Golf Ranking published during the week prior to the current Masters Tournament Most of the top current players will meet the criteria of multiple categories for invitation . The Masters Committee , at its discretion , can also invite any golfer not otherwise qualified , although in practice these invitations are currently reserved for international players . Changes since 2014 Changes for the 2014 tournament include invitations now being awarded to the autumn events in the PGA Tour , which now begin the wraparound season , tightening of qualifications ( top 12 plus ties from the Masters , top 4 from the U.S. Open , Open Championship , and PGA Championship ) , and the top 30 on the PGA Tour now referencing the season - ending points before the Tour Championship , not the former annual money list . The 2015 Masters added the winner of the newly established Latin America Amateur Championship , which effectively replaced the exemption for the United States Amateur Public Links Championship , which ended after the 2014 tournament . ( The final Public Links champion played in the 2015 Masters . ) Champions ( edit ) Main article : List of Masters Tournament champions The first winner of the Masters Tournament was Horton Smith in 1934 , and he repeated in 1936 . The player with the most Masters victories is Jack Nicklaus , who won six times between 1963 and 1986 . Arnold Palmer and Tiger Woods have each won four , and Jimmy Demaret , Gary Player , Sam Snead , Nick Faldo , and Phil Mickelson have three titles to their name . Player was the tournament 's first overseas winner with his first victory in 1961 . Two - time champions include Byron Nelson , Ben Hogan , Tom Watson , Seve Ballesteros , Bernhard Langer , Ben Crenshaw , José María Olazábal , and Bubba Watson . Year Champion Country To par Margin of victory Runner ( s ) - up Winner 's share ( $ ) 2018 Patrick Reed United States − 15 1 stroke Rickie Fowler 1,980,000 2017 Sergio García Spain − 9 Playoff Justin Rose 1,980,000 2016 Danny Willett England − 5 3 strokes Jordan Spieth Lee Westwood 1,800,000 2015 Jordan Spieth United States -- 18 4 strokes Phil Mickelson Justin Rose 1,800,000 2014 Bubba Watson ( 2 ) United States − 8 3 strokes Jonas Blixt Jordan Spieth 1,620,000 2013 Adam Scott Australia − 9 Playoff Ángel Cabrera 1,440,000 2012 Bubba Watson United States − 10 Playoff Louis Oosthuizen 1,440,000 2011 Charl Schwartzel South Africa − 14 2 strokes Jason Day Adam Scott 1,440,000 Phil Mickelson ( 3 ) United States − 16 3 strokes Lee Westwood 1,350,000 2009 Ángel Cabrera Argentina − 12 Playoff Kenny Perry Chad Campbell 1,350,000 2008 Trevor Immelman South Africa − 8 3 strokes Tiger Woods 1,350,000 2007 Zach Johnson United States + 1 2 strokes Retief Goosen Rory Sabbatini Tiger Woods 1,305,000 2006 Phil Mickelson ( 2 ) United States − 7 2 strokes Tim Clark 1,260,000 2005 Tiger Woods ( 4 ) United States − 12 Playoff Chris DiMarco 1,260,000 Phil Mickelson United States − 9 1 stroke Ernie Els 1,117,000 2003 Mike Weir Canada − 7 Playoff Len Mattiace 1,080,000 2002 Tiger Woods ( 3 ) United States − 12 3 strokes Retief Goosen 1,008,000 2001 Tiger Woods ( 2 ) United States − 16 2 strokes David Duval 1,008,000 2000 Vijay Singh Fiji − 10 3 strokes Ernie Els 828,000 1999 José María Olazábal ( 2 ) Spain − 8 2 strokes Davis Love III 720,000 1998 Mark O'Meara United States − 9 1 stroke Fred Couples David Duval 576,000 1997 Tiger Woods United States − 18 12 strokes Tom Kite 486,000 Nick Faldo ( 3 ) England − 12 5 strokes Greg Norman 450,000 1995 Ben Crenshaw ( 2 ) United States − 14 1 stroke Davis Love III 396,000 1994 José María Olazábal Spain − 9 2 strokes Tom Lehman 360,000 1993 Bernhard Langer ( 2 ) Germany − 11 4 strokes Chip Beck 306,000 1992 Fred Couples United States − 13 2 strokes Raymond Floyd 270,000 1991 Ian Woosnam Wales − 11 1 stroke José María Olazábal 243,000 1990 Nick Faldo ( 2 ) England − 10 Playoff Raymond Floyd 225,000 1989 Nick Faldo England − 5 Playoff Scott Hoch 200,000 1988 Sandy Lyle Scotland − 7 1 stroke Mark Calcavecchia 183,800 Larry Mize United States − 3 Playoff Seve Ballesteros Greg Norman 162,000 1986 Jack Nicklaus ( 6 ) United States − 9 1 stroke Tom Kite Greg Norman 144,000 1985 Bernhard Langer West Germany − 6 2 strokes Seve Ballesteros Raymond Floyd Curtis Strange 126,000 1984 Ben Crenshaw United States − 11 2 strokes Tom Watson 108,000 Seve Ballesteros ( 2 ) Spain − 8 4 strokes Ben Crenshaw Tom Kite 90,000 1982 Craig Stadler United States − 4 Playoff Dan Pohl 64,000 1981 Tom Watson ( 2 ) United States − 8 2 strokes Johnny Miller Jack Nicklaus 60,000 1980 Seve Ballesteros Spain − 13 4 strokes Gibby Gilbert Jack Newton 55,000 1979 Fuzzy Zoeller United States − 8 Playoff Ed Sneed Tom Watson 50,000 1978 Gary Player ( 3 ) South Africa − 11 1 stroke Rod Funseth Hubert Green Tom Watson 45,000 1977 Tom Watson United States − 12 2 strokes Jack Nicklaus 40,000 1976 Raymond Floyd United States − 17 8 strokes Ben Crenshaw 40,000 Jack Nicklaus ( 5 ) United States − 12 1 stroke Johnny Miller Tom Weiskopf 40,000 Gary Player ( 2 ) South Africa − 10 2 strokes Dave Stockton Tom Weiskopf 35,000 1973 Tommy Aaron United States − 5 1 stroke J.C. Snead 30,000 1972 Jack Nicklaus ( 4 ) United States − 2 3 strokes Bruce Crampton Bobby Mitchell Tom Weiskopf 25,000 1971 Charles Coody United States − 9 2 strokes Johnny Miller Jack Nicklaus 25,000 1970 Billy Casper United States − 9 Playoff Gene Littler 25,000 1969 George Archer United States − 7 1 stroke Billy Casper George Knudson Tom Weiskopf 20,000 1968 Bob Goalby United States − 11 1 stroke Roberto De Vicenzo 20,000 1967 Gay Brewer United States − 8 1 stroke Bobby Nichols 20,000 1966 Jack Nicklaus ( 3 ) United States Playoff Tommy Jacobs ( 2nd ) Gay Brewer ( 3rd ) 20,000 1965 Jack Nicklaus ( 2 ) United States − 17 9 strokes Arnold Palmer Gary Player 20,000 1964 Arnold Palmer ( 4 ) United States − 12 6 strokes Dave Marr Jack Nicklaus 20,000 1963 Jack Nicklaus United States − 2 1 stroke Tony Lema 20,000 1962 Arnold Palmer ( 3 ) United States − 8 Playoff Gary Player ( 2nd ) Dow Finsterwald ( 3rd ) 20,000 1961 Gary Player South Africa − 8 1 stroke Charles Coe ( a ) Arnold Palmer 20,000 1960 Arnold Palmer ( 2 ) United States − 6 1 stroke Ken Venturi 17,500 1959 Art Wall , Jr . United States − 4 1 stroke Cary Middlecoff 15,000 1958 Arnold Palmer United States − 4 1 stroke Doug Ford Fred Hawkins 11,250 1957 Doug Ford United States − 5 3 strokes Sam Snead 8,750 1956 Jack Burke , Jr . United States + 1 1 stroke Ken Venturi ( a ) 6,000 1955 Cary Middlecoff United States − 9 7 strokes Ben Hogan 5,000 1954 Sam Snead ( 3 ) United States + 1 Playoff Ben Hogan 5,000 1953 Ben Hogan ( 2 ) United States − 14 5 strokes Ed Oliver 4,000 1952 Sam Snead ( 2 ) United States − 2 4 strokes Jack Burke , Jr . 4,000 1951 Ben Hogan United States − 8 2 strokes Skee Riegel 3,000 1950 Jimmy Demaret ( 3 ) United States − 5 2 strokes Jim Ferrier 2,400 1949 Sam Snead United States − 6 3 strokes Johnny Bulla Lloyd Mangrum 2,750 1948 Claude Harmon United States − 9 5 strokes Cary Middlecoff 2,500 1947 Jimmy Demaret ( 2 ) United States − 7 2 strokes Byron Nelson Frank Stranahan ( a ) 2,500 1946 Herman Keiser United States − 6 1 stroke Ben Hogan 2,500 1943 -- 45 : Cancelled due to World War II 1942 Byron Nelson ( 2 ) United States − 8 Playoff Ben Hogan 1,500 1941 Craig Wood United States − 8 3 strokes Byron Nelson 1,500 1940 Jimmy Demaret United States − 8 4 strokes Lloyd Mangrum 1,500 1939 Ralph Guldahl United States − 9 1 stroke Sam Snead 1,500 1938 Henry Picard United States − 3 2 strokes Harry Cooper Ralph Guldahl 1,500 1937 Byron Nelson United States − 5 2 strokes Ralph Guldahl 1,500 1936 Horton Smith ( 2 ) United States − 3 1 stroke Harry Cooper 1,500 1935 Gene Sarazen United States − 6 Playoff Craig Wood 1,500 1934 Horton Smith United States − 4 2 strokes Craig Wood 1,500 In the `` Runner ( s ) - up '' column , the years are sorted alphabetically , based on the name of the country of ( 1 ) that year 's runner - up or ( 2 ) the first player listed , in years that have multiple runners - up . The sudden - death format was adopted in 1976 , first used in 1979 , and revised in 2004 . None of the 11 sudden - death playoffs has advanced past the second hole ; four were decided at the first hole , seven at the second . Playoffs prior to 1976 were full 18 - hole rounds , except for 1935 , which was 36 holes . None of the 6 full - round playoffs were tied at the end of the round ; the closest margin was one stroke in 1942 and 1954 . The 1962 playoff included three players : Arnold Palmer ( 68 ) , Gary Player ( 71 ) , and Dow Finsterwald ( 77 ) . The 1966 playoff included three players : Jack Nicklaus ( 70 ) , Tommy Jacobs ( 72 ) , and Gay Brewer ( 78 ) . Low amateurs ( edit ) In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award , known as the Silver Cup , to the lowest - scoring amateur to make the cut . In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner - up . There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Masters as a professional . These players are Cary Middlecoff , Jack Nicklaus , Ben Crenshaw , Phil Mickelson , Tiger Woods and Sergio García . Year Champion Country To par Place 1934 Charlie Yates United States + 9 T21 1935 Lawson Little United States 6 1936 Johnny Dawson United States + 6 T9 1937 Charlie Yates ( 2 ) United States + 13 T26 1938 Tommy Tailer United States + 10 T18 1939 Chick Harbert Charlie Yates ( 3 ) United States United States + 8 T18 1940 Charlie Yates ( 4 ) United States + 5 T17 1941 Dick Chapman United States + 9 T18 1942 Charlie Yates ( 5 ) United States + 16 T28 1943 -- 45 Cancelled due to World War II 1946 Cary Middlecoff United States + 5 T12 1947 Frank Stranahan United States − 5 T2 1948 Skee Riegel United States + 5 T13 1949 Charles Coe Johnny Dawson ( 2 ) United States United States + 7 T16 1950 Frank Stranahan ( 2 ) United States + 9 T14 1951 Charles Coe ( 2 ) United States + 5 T12 1952 Chuck Kocsis United States + 9 T14 1953 Frank Stranahan ( 3 ) Harvie Ward United States United States + 3 T14 1954 Billy Joe Patton United States + 2 1955 Harvie Ward ( 2 ) United States + 2 T8 1956 Ken Venturi United States + 2 1957 Harvie Ward ( 3 ) United States 1958 Billy Joe Patton ( 2 ) United States 8 1959 Charles Coe ( 3 ) United States 6 1960 Jack Nicklaus Billy Joe Patton ( 3 ) United States United States + 5 T13 1961 Charles Coe ( 4 ) United States − 7 T2 1962 Charles Coe ( 5 ) United States T9 1963 Labron Harris , Jr . United States + 10 T32 1964 Deane Beman United States T25 1965 Downing Gray United States + 6 T31 1966 Jimmy Grant United States + 11 T28 1967 Downing Gray ( 2 ) United States + 9 T36 1968 Vinny Giles United States T22 1969 Bruce Fleisher United States + 12 44 1970 Charles Coe ( 6 ) United States + 4 T23 1971 Steve Melnyk United States + 4 T24 1972 Ben Crenshaw United States + 7 T19 1973 Ben Crenshaw ( 2 ) United States + 7 T24 None made the cut George Burns United States + 4 T30 1976 Curtis Strange United States + 3 T15 1977 Bill Sander United States + 11 49 1978 Lindy Miller United States − 2 T16 1979 Bobby Clampett United States + 2 T23 1980 Jay Sigel United States + 1 T26 1981 Jay Sigel ( 2 ) United States + 6 T35 1982 Jodie Mudd United States + 6 T20 Jim Hallet United States + 9 T40 1984 Rick Fehr United States T25 1985 Sam Randolph United States + 2 T18 1986 Sam Randolph ( 2 ) United States + 5 T36 Bob Lewis United States + 21 54 1988 Jay Sigel ( 3 ) United States + 12 T39 1989 None made the cut 1990 Chris Patton United States + 9 T39 1991 Phil Mickelson United States + 2 T46 1992 Manny Zerman South Africa + 6 T59 1993 None made the cut 1994 John Harris United States + 17 T50 1995 Tiger Woods United States + 5 T41 None made the cut 1997 None made the cut 1998 Matt Kuchar United States T21 1999 Sergio García Spain + 7 T38 2000 David Gossett United States + 15 T54 2001 None made the cut 2002 None made the cut 2003 Ricky Barnes United States + 3 21 Casey Wittenberg United States T13 2005 Ryan Moore United States − 1 T13 2006 None made the cut 2007 None made the cut 2008 None made the cut 2009 None made the cut Matteo Manassero Italy + 4 T36 2011 Hideki Matsuyama Japan − 1 T27 2012 Patrick Cantlay United States + 7 T47 2013 Guan Tianlang China + 12 58 2014 Oliver Goss Australia + 10 49 2015 None made the cut 2016 Bryson DeChambeau United States + 5 T21 2017 Stewart Hagestad United States + 6 T36 2018 Doug Ghim United States + 8 T50 Records ( edit ) Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters ( six ) and was 46 years , 82 days old when he won in 1986 , making him the oldest winner of the Masters . Nicklaus is the record holder for the most top tens , with 22 , and the most cuts made , with 37 . The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods , who was 21 years , 104 days old when he won in 1997 . In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin ( 12 strokes ) , and the lowest winning score , with 270 ( − 18 ) . Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015 . In 2013 , Guan Tianlang became the youngest player ever to compete in the Masters , at age 14 years , 168 days on the opening day of the tournament ; the following day , he became the youngest ever to make the cut at the Masters or any men 's major championship . Gary Player holds the record for most appearances , with 52 . Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made , with 23 between 1959 and 1982 ( Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery ) . He shares this record with Fred Couples , who made his consecutive cuts between 1983 and 2007 , not competing in 1987 and 1994 . Nick Price and Greg Norman share the course record of 63 , with their rounds coming in 1986 and 1996 respectively . The highest winning score of 289 ( + 1 ) has occurred three times : Sam Snead in 1954 , Jack Burke , Jr. in 1956 , and Zach Johnson in 2007 . Anthony Kim holds the record for most birdies in a round with 11 in 2009 during his second round . There have been only four double eagles carded in the history of the Masters ; the latest was by a contender in the fourth round in 2012 . In the penultimate pairing with eventual champion Bubba Watson , Louis Oosthuizen 's 260 - yard ( 238 m ) downhill 4 iron from the fairway made the left side of the green at the par - 5 second hole , called Pink Dogwood , rolled downhill , and in . The other two rare occurrences of this feat after Sarazen 's double eagle on the fabled course 's Fire Thorn hole in 1935 : Bruce Devlin made double eagle from 248 yards ( 227 m ) out with a 4 - wood at the eighth hole ( Yellow Jasmine ) in the first round in 1967 , while Jeff Maggert hit a 3 - iron 222 yards ( 203 m ) at the 13th hole ( Azalea ) in the fourth round in 1994 . Three players share the record for most runner - up finishes with four : Ben Hogan ( 1942 , 1946 , 1954 , 1955 ) , Tom Weiskopf ( 1969 , 1972 , 1974 , 1975 ) , Jack Nicklaus ( 1964 , 1971 , 1977 , 1981 ) Broadcasting ( edit ) See also : List of Masters Tournament broadcasters United States television ( edit ) CBS has televised the Masters in the United States every year since 1956 , when it used six cameras and covered only the final four holes . Tournament coverage of the first eight holes did not begin until 1993 because of resistance from the tournament organizers , but by 2006 , more than 50 cameras were used . Chairman Jack Stephens felt that the back nine was always more `` compelling '' , increased coverage would increase the need for sponsorship spending , and that broadcasting the front nine of the course on television would cut down on attendance and television viewership for the tournament . USA Network added first - and second - round coverage in 1982 . In 2008 , ESPN replaced USA as broadcaster of early - round coverage . These broadcasts use the CBS Sports production staff and commentators , but with ESPN personality Scott Van Pelt ( succeeding Mike Tirico , who replaced Bill Macatee 's similar role under USA Network ) as studio host . In 2005 , CBS broadcast the tournament with high - definition fixed and handheld wired cameras , as well as standard - definition wireless handheld cameras . In 2006 , a webstream called `` Amen Corner Live '' began providing coverage of all players passing through holes 11 , 12 , and 13 through all four rounds . This was the first full tournament multi-hole webcast from a major championship . In 2007 , CBS added `` Masters Extra , '' an extra hour of full - field bonus coverage daily on the internet , preceding the television broadcasts . In 2008 , CBS added full coverage of holes 15 and 16 live on the web . In 2011 , `` Masters Extra '' was dropped after officials gave ESPN an extra hour each day on Thursday and Friday . In 2016 , the Amen Corner feed was broadcast in 4K ultra high definition exclusively on DirecTV -- as one of the first live U.S. sports telecasts in the format . A second channel of 4K coverage covering holes 15 and 16 was added in 2017 , and this coverage was produced with high - dynamic - range ( HDR ) color in 2018 . While Augusta National Golf Club has consistently chosen CBS as its U.S. broadcast partner , it has done so in successive one - year contracts . Former CBS Sports president Neal Pilson stated that their relationship had gotten to the point where the contracts could be negotiated in just hours . Due to the lack of long - term contractual security , as well as the club 's limited dependence on broadcast rights fees ( owing to its affluent membership ) , it is widely held that CBS allows Augusta National greater control over the content of the broadcast , or at least performs some form of self - censorship , in order to maintain future rights . The club , however , has insisted it does not make any demands with respect to the content of the broadcast . Despite this , announcers who have been deemed not to have acted with the decorum expected by the club have been removed , notably Jack Whitaker and Gary McCord , and there also tends to be a lack of discussion of any controversy involving Augusta National , such as the 2003 Martha Burk protests . Coverage itself carries a more formal style than other golf telecasts ; announcers refer to the gallery as patrons rather than as spectators or fans . Gallery itself is also used . The club also disallows promotions for other network programs , or other forms of sponsored features . Significant restrictions have been placed on the tournament 's broadcast hours compared to other major championships . Only in the 21st century did the tournament allow CBS to air 18 - hole coverage of the leaders , a standard at the other three majors . Since 1982 , CBS has used `` Augusta '' by Dave Loggins as the event telecast 's distinctive theme music . Loggins originally came up with the song during his first trip to the Augusta course in 1981 . The club mandates minimal commercial interruption , currently limited to four minutes per hour ( as opposed to the usual 12 or more ) ; this is subsidized by selling exclusive sponsorship packages to two or three companies -- currently these `` global sponsors '' are AT&T , IBM , and Mercedes - Benz . AT&T ( then SBC ) and IBM have sponsored the tournament since 2005 , joined at first by ExxonMobil , which in 2014 was replaced as a global sponsor by Mercedes - Benz . In 2002 , in the wake of calls to boycott tournament sponsors over the Martha Burk controversy , club chairman Hootie Johnson suspended all television sponsorship of the 2003 tournament . He argued that it was `` unfair '' to have the Masters ' sponsors become involved with the controversy by means of association with the tournament , as their sponsorship is of the Masters and not Augusta National itself . CBS agreed to split production costs for the tournament with the club to make up for the lack of sponsorship . After the arrangement continued into 2004 , the tournament reinstated sponsorships for 2005 , with the new partners of ExxonMobil , IBM , and SBC . The club also sells separate sponsorship packages , which do not provide rights to air commercials on the U.S. telecasts , to two `` international partners '' ; in 2014 , those companies were Rolex and UPS ( the latter of which replaced Mercedes - Benz upon that company 's elevation to `` global sponsor '' status ) . Radio coverage ( edit ) WestwoodOne ( previously Dial Global and CBS Radio ) has provided live radio play - by - play coverage in the United States since 1956 . This coverage can also be heard on the official Masters website . The network provides short two - or three - minute updates throughout the tournament , as well as longer three - and four - hour segments towards the end of the day . International television ( edit ) The BBC has broadcast the Masters in the UK since 1986 , and it also provides live radio commentary on the closing stages on Radio Five Live . With the 2007 launch of BBC HD , UK viewers can now watch the championship in that format . BBC Sport held the TV and radio rights through to 2010 . The BBC 's coverage airs without commercials because it is financed by a licence fee . From the 2011 Masters , Sky Sports began broadcasting all four days , as well as the par 3 contest in HD and , for the first time ever , in 3D . The BBC will only have highlights of the first two days ' play but will go head to head with Sky Sports , with full live coverage on the final two days of play . In Ireland , Setanta Ireland previously showed all four rounds , and now since 2017 Eir Sport broadcast all four rounds live having previously broadcast the opening two rounds with RTÉ broadcasting the weekend coverage . In Canada , broadcast rights to the Masters are held by Bell Media , with coverage divided between TSN ( cable ) , which carries live simulcasts and primetime encores of CBS and ESPN coverage for all four rounds , CTV ( broadcast ) , which simulcasts CBS 's coverage of the weekend rounds , and RDS , which carries French - language coverage . Prior to 2013 , Canadian broadcast rights were held by a marketing company , Graham Sanborn Media , which in turn bought time on the Global Television Network , TSN , and RDS ( except for 2012 when French - language coverage aired on TVA and TVA Sports ) to air the broadcasts , also selling all of the advertising for the Canadian broadcasts . This was an unusual arrangement in Canadian sports broadcasting , as in most cases broadcasters acquire their rights directly from the event organizers or through partnerships with international rightsholders , such as ESPN International ( ESPN owns a minority stake in TSN ) . In 2013 , Global and TSN began selling advertising directly , and co-produced supplemental programs covering the tournament ( while still carrying U.S. coverage for the tournament itself ) . On December 15 , 2015 , TSN parent company Bell Media announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to the tournament beginning 2016 under a multi-year deal . Broadcast television coverage moved to co-owned broadcast network CTV , while TSN uses its expanded five - channel service to carry supplemental feeds ( including the Amen Corner feed and early coverage of each round ) that were previously exclusive to digital platforms . In 53 countries , including much of Latin America , broadcast rights for the entire tournament are held by the ESPN International networks . Ticketing ( edit ) Although tickets for the Masters are not expensive , they are very difficult to come by . Even the practice rounds can be difficult to get into . Applications for practice round tickets have to be made nearly a year in advance and the successful applicants are chosen by random ballot . Tickets to the actual tournament are sold only to members of a patrons list , which is closed . A waiting list for the patrons list was opened in 1972 and closed in 1978 . It was reopened in 2000 and subsequently closed once again . In 2008 , the Masters also began allowing children ( between the ages of 8 and 16 ) to enter on tournament days free if they are accompanied by the patron who is the owner of his or her badge . The difficulty in acquiring Masters badges has made the tournament one of the largest events on the secondary - ticket market . A majority of the badges for the Masters are delivered to the same group of patrons , fans , and members each year , and these perennial ticket holders sometimes decide to sell their badges through large ticket marketplaces such as StubHub , TicketCity , and VividSeats . Some of these marketplaces will allow fans to purchase a Masters badge for a single day , as opposed to the traditional 4 - day pass . See also ( edit ) Men 's major professional golf championships -- Wikipedia book Golf portal Georgia ( U.S. state ) portal References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` 2014 Masters Preview '' . Sports Network . April 9 , 2014 . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2014 . Retrieved April 14 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bacon , Shane ( July 16 , 2012 ) . `` British Open or Open Championship ? The debate stops now '' . CBS Sports . Retrieved July 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ryan , Shane ( July 14 , 2015 ) . `` Americans : It 's okay to call this major `` The British Open , '' and do n't let anyone tell you otherwise `` . Golf Digest . Retrieved July 18 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Masters Milestones '' . www.masters.org . Retrieved February 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kelley , Brent . `` Do Masters Champions Get to Keep the Green Jacket ? '' . About.com . ^ Jump up to : Owen , David ( 1999 ) . The Making of the Masters : Clifford Roberts , Augusta National , and Golf 's Most Prestigious Tournament . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978 - 0 - 684 - 85729 - 9 . Jump up ^ Sampson , Curt ( 1999 ) . The Masters : Golf , Money , and Power in Augusta , Georgia . New York City : Villard Books . p. 22 . ISBN 0375753370 . ^ Jump up to : Boyette , John ( April 3 , 2006 ) . `` Augusta National 's natural beauty was born in nursery '' . Augusta Chronicle . Retrieved August 27 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` History of the Club '' . www.masters.org . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2008 . Retrieved January 22 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Although front and back are the terms more commonly used , for the Masters they are called the `` first '' and `` second '' nines Jump up ^ `` The Augusta National Golf Club '' . February 8 , 2012 . Retrieved April 8 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Boyette , John ( April 10 , 2002 ) . `` With 1 shot , Sarazen gave Masters fame '' . 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TVNZ . Jump up ^ `` Jordan Spieth , 21 , leads Masters wire to wire for 1st major win '' . ESPN . Associated Press . April 13 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` $9,000,000 Masters Results '' . The Sports Network . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2014 . Retrieved April 14 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Westin , David ( April 7 , 2001 ) . `` Purse exceeds $1 Million '' . The Augusta Chronicle . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2008 . Retrieved November 28 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Reilly , Rick ( April 21 , 1986 ) . `` Day Of Glory For A Golden Oldie '' . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved February 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Nicklaus , Jack ; Bowden , Ken ( 1974 ) . Golf My Way . Heinemann . ISBN 0 - 434 - 51350 - 4 . Jump up ^ `` 2014 Masters Prize Money Announced '' . Augusta Chronicle. April 12 , 2014 . Archived from the original on April 13 , 2014 . Retrieved April 13 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Lukas , Paul . `` The real story behind the green jacket '' . ESPN . Retrieved November 18 , 2008 . 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Jump up ^ `` 2018 Masters broadcast will use shot tracer technology '' . Augusta Chronicle . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 06 . Jump up ^ `` Get ready for Amen Corner live '' . March 30 , 2006 . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2012 . Retrieved December 23 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` DirecTV 's first live 4K show is the Masters golf tournament '' . Engadget . Retrieved March 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Masters in 4K : DirecTV , CBS Sports Tee Up First Live 4K UHD Broadcast in U.S. '' Sports Video Group . Retrieved March 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` DirecTV doubles its live 4K broadcasts for this year 's Masters '' . Engadget . Retrieved April 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason Dachman . `` AT&T / DirecTV Will Deliver The Masters in 4K HDR for the First Time '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 30 . ^ Jump up to : `` Hinds , Richard ( April 5 , 2007 ) . `` Why coverage of US Masters is so polite '' . The Age . Melbourne . 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Jump up ^ The Sports Network and Global Television Network ( April 5 , 2013 ) . `` TSN and Global Partner to Give Canadians Complete Coverage of The Masters '' . Retrieved April 10 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Television wars continue as CTV takes Masters deal away from Global '' . Yahoo ! Sports Canada . Retrieved December 23 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` CTV , TSN , and RDS announce exclusive , multi-year deal with The Masters '' . TSN.ca . Bell Media . Retrieved December 23 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hall , Andy ( March 31 , 2017 ) . `` ESPN at the Masters Tournament '' . ESPN ( Press release ) . Retrieved May 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ticket Information '' . Masters.org . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2008 . Retrieved April 12 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Reviewed Work : The Masters : Golf Money and Power in Augusta , Georgia by Curt Sampson Jump up ^ `` Masters Badges '' . TicketCity . Retrieved January 15 , 2016 . External Links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Masters Tournament . Official website Masters Tournament on Facebook Masters Tournament on Instagram Augusta.com -- coverage by The Augusta Chronicle Golf Overview History Glossary Outline Rules penalties playoffs etiquette Stroke play scoring handicap Match play four - ball alternate shot Golf course links teeing ground hazards Equipment golf clubs golf ball tee Technical Golf stroke mechanics Instruction Drive Golfers Professional golfer tours Male golfers Female golfers Men 's major winners Women 's major winners Senior major winners Olympic medalists Most wins Asian Tour Australasia Tour Challenge Tour European Tour European Senior Tour Japan Golf Tour Ladies European Tour LPGA Tour PGA Tour PGA Tour Champions Sunshine Tour Web.com Tour Majors Men Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Women ANA Inspiration U.S. Women 's Open Women 's PGA Championship Women 's British Open The Evian Championship Senior The Tradition Senior PGA Championship U.S. Senior Open Senior Players Championship Senior Open Championship Senior Women 's Senior LPGA Championship U.S. Senior Women 's Open International events Multi-sport event Asian Games Inter-Allied Games Island Games Pacific Games Pan American Games Summer Olympics Summer Universiade Youth Olympic Games Team Curtis Cup EurAsia Cup International Crown Presidents Cup Ryder Cup Solheim Cup Walker Cup Rankings Men Women Amateur Countries Australia China India Ireland Philippines Russia Scotland Thailand United States Venues Driving range Lists of golf courses Canada Hawaii India North Dakota Philippines Portugal United Kingdom links courses designed by Jack Nicklaus Years 1353 -- 1850 1851 -- 1945 1945 -- 99 2000 -- 05 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Governing bodies International Golf Federation The R&A United States Golf Association Professional Golfers ' Association ( Great Britain and Ireland ) Professional Golfers ' Association of America LPGA PGA Tour PGA European Tour American Society of Golf Course Architects World Golf Teachers Federation Variations Beach golf GolfCross Hickory golf Indoor golf Long drive Miniature golf Park golf Pitch and putt Shotgun start Skins game Snow golf Speed golf Urban golf Miscellaneous Awards Architects Caddie Greenskeeper World Golf Hall of Fame British Golf Museum USGA Museum Jack Nicklaus Museum Caddie Hall of Fame Evans Scholars Foundation Media Golf Channel personalities Golf Digest Golf Magazine Golf World Golfweek Links Travel + Leisure Golf Video games Commons WikiProject Portal Masters Tournaments 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Major golf championships Current Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Past British Amateur U.S. Amateur See also Most wins Chronological Grand Slam PGA Tour events Major championships Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship ( British Open ) PGA Championship Other tournaments Safeway Open CIMB Classic CJ Cup WGC - HSBC Champions Sanderson Farms Championship Shriners Hospitals for Children Open OHL Classic at Mayakoba RSM Classic Sentry Tournament of Champions Sony Open in Hawaii CareerBuilder Challenge Farmers Insurance Open Waste Management Phoenix Open AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am Genesis Open The Honda Classic WGC - Mexico Championship Puerto Rico Open Valspar Championship Arnold Palmer Invitational WGC - Dell Technologies Match Play Corales Puntacana Resort and Club Championship Houston Open RBC Heritage Valero Texas Open Zurich Classic of New Orleans Wells Fargo Championship The Players Championship AT&T Byron Nelson Fort Worth Invitational Memorial Tournament FedEx St. Jude Classic Travelers Championship The National A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier John Deere Classic Barbasol Championship RBC Canadian Open WGC - Bridgestone Invitational Barracuda Championship Wyndham Championship FedEx Cup playoff events The Northern Trust Dell Technologies Championship BMW Championship Tour Championship Team events Ryder Cup Presidents Cup World Cup Unofficial money events Hero World Challenge QBE Shootout CVS Health Charity Classic Former events List of former events Fall Series All events are listed in chronological order . European Tour events Major championships Masters Tournament U.S. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship Other Race to Dubai tournaments UBS Hong Kong Open Australian PGA Championship AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open Joburg Open BMW SA Open Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship Omega Dubai Desert Classic Maybank Championship ISPS Handa World Super 6 Perth NBO Oman Open Commercial Bank Qatar Masters WGC - Mexico Championship Tshwane Open Hero Indian Open WGC - Dell Technologies Match Play Championship Open de España Trophée Hassan II Volvo China Open Rocco Forte Sicilian Open Belgian Knockout BMW PGA Championship Italian Open Shot Clock Masters BMW International Open HNA Open de France Dubai Duty Free Irish Open Aberdeen Standard Investments Scottish Open Porsche European Open WGC - Bridgestone Invitational Nordea Masters D + D Real Czech Masters Made in Denmark Omega European Masters KLM Open Portugal Masters Alfred Dunhill Links Championship British Masters Andalucía Valderrama Masters WGC - HSBC Champions Turkish Airlines Open Nedbank Golf Challenge DP World Tour Championship , Dubai Team events World Cup EurAsia Cup GolfSixes Ryder Cup European Golf Team Championships Other European Tour Qualifying School Former events All events listed in chronological order . Coordinates : 33 ° 30 ′ 11 '' N 82 ° 01 ′ 12 '' W / 33.503 ° N 82.020 ° W / 33.503 ; - 82.020 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masters_Tournament&oldid=845790075 '' Categories : Masters Tournament Men 's major golf championships Recurring sporting events established in 1934 Economy of Augusta , Georgia Tourist attractions in Augusta , Georgia Annual sporting events in the United States 1934 establishments in Georgia ( U.S. state ) Golf tournaments in the United States April sporting events Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from April 2017 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018 Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Good articles Coordinates not on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Asturianu বাংলা Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 23 more Edit links This page was last edited on 14 June 2018 , at 04 : 37 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the lowest round ever played at the masters | ['Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters.[23] Nicklaus is the record holder for the most top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37.[71][87] The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was 21 years, 104 days old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015.[88]\n'] | ['270 (−18)'] | Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters.[23] Nicklaus is the record holder for the most top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37.[71][87] The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was 21 years, 104 days old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015.[88]
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[question]: Who is the oldest winner of the Masters?
[answer]: The oldest winner of the Masters is Jack Nicklaus, who was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986. | Who is the oldest winner of the Masters? | The oldest winner of the Masters is Jack Nicklaus, who was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986. | 1 | 7.445787 | 21 | 99 | 1 |
12,501 | -7,524,541,867,718,969,000 | Red Hot Chili Peppers | Red Hot Chili Peppers - Wikipedia Red Hot Chili Peppers This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 13 August 2018 . For the band 's self - titled debut album , see The Red Hot Chili Peppers ( album ) . For the Jelly Roll Morton band of 1920s , see Red Hot Peppers . For the New Zealand band of 1970s , see Red Hot Peppers ( New Zealand band ) . For the London band of 1970s , see Chilli Willi and the Red Hot Peppers . `` RHCP '' redirects here . For right - handed circularly polarized waves , see Polarization ( waves ) . Red Hot Chili Peppers Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2012 ( left to right ) : Anthony Kiedis , Chad Smith , Josh Klinghoffer , & Flea Background information Origin Los Angeles , California , U.S. Genres Funk rock alternative rock funk metal rap rock Years active 1983 ( 1983 ) -- present Labels Capitol EMI Warner Bros . Associated acts What Is This ? Ataxia the Mars Volta Jane 's Addiction John Frusciante Website Official website Members Anthony Kiedis Flea Chad Smith Josh Klinghoffer Past members See below Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 . The group 's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk , as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock . When played live , their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances . Currently , the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea , longtime drummer Chad Smith , and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer . Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best - selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide , have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards , of which they have won six , and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history , currently holding the records for most number - one singles ( 13 ) , most cumulative weeks at number one ( 85 ) and most top - ten songs ( 25 ) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart . In 2012 , they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The band 's original lineup , originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem , featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons , alongside Kiedis and Flea . Because of commitments to other bands , Slovak and Irons did not play on the band 's self - titled debut album ( 1984 ) . Slovak performed on the second and third albums , Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , but he died from a heroin overdose in 1988 . As a result of his friend 's death , Irons chose to leave the group . After short - lived replacements on guitar and drums , John Frusciante and Chad Smith joined in 1988 . The lineup of Flea , Kiedis , Frusciante , and Smith was the longest - lasting and recorded five studio albums beginning with Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) . In 1990 , the group signed with Warner Bros. Records and recorded the album Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) under producer Rick Rubin . This album became the band 's first major commercial success , but Frusciante grew uncomfortable with the band 's popularity and left abruptly in 1992 in the middle of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour . After two temporary guitarists , Dave Navarro joined the group in 1993 and played on their subsequent album , One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) . Although commercially successful , the album failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik , selling less than half as much as its predecessor . Navarro was fired from the band in 1998 . Frusciante , fresh out of drug rehabilitation , rejoined the band that same year at Flea 's request . The reunited quartet returned to the studio to record Californication ( 1999 ) , which became the band 's biggest commercial success with 16 million copies sold worldwide . That album was followed three years later by By the Way ( 2002 ) , and then four years later by the double album Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) , their first number - one album in America . After a world tour , the group went on an extended hiatus . Frusciante announced he was amicably leaving the band in 2009 to focus on his solo career . Klinghoffer , who had worked both as a sideman for the band on their Stadium Arcadium tour and on Frusciante 's solo projects , replaced him . The band 's tenth studio album , I 'm with You , was released in 2011 and topped the charts in 18 different countries . The band released their eleventh studio album , The Getaway , in 2016 . The album was produced by Danger Mouse , marking the first time since Mother 's Milk that the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not worked with Rubin , and topped the charts in ten different countries . Contents 1 History 1.1 1983 -- 1984 : Early history 1.2 1985 -- 1988 : Building a following and Slovak 's death 1.3 1988 -- 1989 : Successful new lineup 1.4 1990 -- 1993 : Breakthrough , international fame and Frusciante 's first departure 1.5 1993 -- 1997 : Transitional period 1.6 1998 -- 2001 : Return of Frusciante and new - found popularity 1.7 2001 -- 2007 : Continued success 1.8 2008 -- 2009 : Hiatus and Frusciante 's second departure 1.9 2010 -- 2014 : Klinghoffer replaces Frusciante and I 'm with You 1.10 2014 -- 2017 : The Getaway 1.11 2017 -- present : Upcoming twelfth studio album 2 Recognition and legacy 3 Activism 4 Musical style 4.1 Techniques 4.2 Lyrics and songwriting 5 Members 5.1 Current 5.2 Current touring musicians 5.3 Former 5.4 Former touring musicians 5.5 Timeline 6 Awards and nominations 7 Discography 7.1 Studio albums 8 See also 9 References 9.1 Citations 9.2 Bibliography 10 External links History ( edit ) 1983 -- 1984 : early history ( edit ) Red Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by singer Anthony Kiedis , guitarist Hillel Slovak , bassist Flea , and drummer Jack Irons , all of whom were classmates from Fairfax High School . Originally going under the band name of Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem , their first performance was at the Rhythm Lounge club to a crowd of approximately 30 people , opening for Gary and Neighbor 's Voices . Inspired by punk funk acts like The Contortions and Defunkt , they `` wrote '' for the occasion , which involved the band improvising music while Kiedis rapped a poem he had written called `` Out in L.A. '' . At the time , Slovak and Irons were already committed to another group , What Is This ? however , the performance was so lively , that the band was asked to return the following week . Due to this unexpected success , the band changed its name to Red Hot Chili Peppers , playing several more shows at various LA clubs and musical venues . Six songs from these initial shows were on the band 's first demo tape . In November 1983 , manager Lindy Goetz struck a seven - album deal with EMI America and Enigma Records . Two weeks earlier however , What Is This ? had also obtained a record deal with MCA . Slovak and Irons still considered the Red Hot Chili Peppers as only a side project and so in December 1983 they quit to focus on What Is This ? . Instead of dissolving the band , Kiedis and Flea recruited new members . Cliff Martinez , a friend of Flea 's and member from the punk band , The Weirdos , was the new replacement for Irons . The band held auditions for a new guitarist but decided after a few practices that Weirdos guitarist Dix Denney did not fit . Kiedis described the two final candidates , Mark Nine and Jack Sherman , respectively as a `` hip avant - garde art school refugee '' and a nerd looking guy with a combed - back Jewfro with an unknown background . Musically Sherman clicked right away with Flea and Martinez and was hired as Slovak 's replacement . Founding guitarist Hillel Slovak performing in Philadelphia in 1983 The band released their eponymous debut album , The Red Hot Chili Peppers on August 10 , 1984 . Though the album did not set sales records , airplay on college radio and MTV helped to build a fan base , and the album ultimately sold 300,000 copies . Gang of Four guitarist Andy Gill , who produced the album `` did n't embrace ( the band 's ) musical aesthetic or ideology , argued constantly with the band over the record 's sound . '' Kiedis recalled , that `` Andy 's thing was having a hit at all costs , but it was such a mistake to have an agenda . '' Despite the misgivings of Kiedis and Flea , Gill pushed the band to play with a cleaner , crisper , more radio - friendly sound . The band was disappointed in the record 's overall sound , feeling it was overly polished and as if it had `` gone through a sterilizing Goody Two - shoes machine '' . The album included backing vocals by Gwen Dickey , the singer for the successful 1970s disco funk group Rose Royce . The band embarked on a grueling tour during which they performed sixty shows in sixty - four days . During the tour , continuing musical and lifestyle tension between Kiedis and Sherman complicated the transition between concert and daily band life . When the tour ended in October 1984 , Sherman was fired . Hillel Slovak , who had just quit What Is This ? , would re-join the band in early 1985 . 1985 -- 1988 : Building a following and Slovak 's death ( edit ) George Clinton produced the next album , Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) . Clinton combined various elements of punk and funk into the band 's repertoire , allowing their music to incorporate a variety of distinct styles . The album featured Maceo Parker and Fred Wesley on many of the album 's tracks . The band often indulged in heavy heroin use while recording the album , which influenced the lyrics and musical direction of the album . The band had a much better relationship with Clinton than with Gill , but Freaky Styley , released on August 16 , 1985 , also achieved little success , failing to make an impression on any chart . The subsequent tour was also considered unproductive by the band . Despite the lack of success , the band was satisfied with Freaky Styley ; Kiedis reflected , that `` it so surpassed anything we thought we could have done that we were thinking we were on the road to enormity . '' The band appeared in the 1986 movie Thrashin ' ( directed by David Winters and starring Josh Brolin ) playing the song `` Blackeyed Blonde '' from Freaky Styley . During this time the band also appeared in the movie Tough Guys starring Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas performing the song `` Set It Straight '' at a Los Angeles nightclub . In spring 1986 , the band decided to begin work on their upcoming album . EMI gave the band a budget of $5,000 to record a demo tape , and the band chose to work with producer Keith Levene , because he shared the band 's interest in drugs . Levene and Slovak decided to put aside $2,000 of the budget to spend on heroin and cocaine , which created tension between the band members . Martinez ' `` heart was no longer in the band '' , but he did not quit , so Kiedis and Flea fired him . After the firing of Martinez in April 1986 , original drummer Jack Irons rejoined the band to Kiedis , Flea , and Slovak 's great surprise , which marked the first time all four founding members were together since 1983 . During the recording and subsequent tour of Freaky Styley , Kiedis and Slovak were dealing with debilitating heroin addictions . Due to his addiction , Kiedis `` did n't have the same drive or desire to come up with ideas or lyrics '' and appeared at rehearsal `` literally asleep '' . Flea , Slovak and Irons informed Kiedis to clean up his drug habit or be fired from the band . The band won the LA Weekly `` Band of the Year Award '' , which prompted Kiedis to get clean in order to continue making music . Kiedis called his mother in Michigan for guidance and she promptly sent him to drug rehabilitation . After Kiedis completed his stint in rehab , he felt a `` whole new wave of enthusiasm '' due to his sobriety and wrote the lyrics to `` Fight Like a Brave '' on the plane ride home . After a month away from the band , he rejoined Red Hot Chili Peppers in Los Angeles to record the group 's next album , The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) . The Chili Peppers attempted to hire Rick Rubin to produce their third album , but he declined . The band eventually hired Michael Beinhorn from the art funk project Material , the band 's last choice . Kiedis sat down with producer Michael Beinhorn to discuss the recording of the album ; Kiedis planned to record the album in ten days and write the songs during the recording sessions . Songs began to form quickly , and the album took shape , blending the same funk feel and rhythms as Freaky Styley , with a harder , more immediate approach to punk rock . The album was recorded in the basement of the Capitol Records Building . The recording process for the album was difficult ; Kiedis would frequently disappear to seek drugs . After fifty days of sobriety , Kiedis decided to take drugs again to celebrate his new music . His drug use `` made a mess of the early recording process '' , but the band still had an enjoyable time recording the album . The band was musically inspired by the return of their original drummer Jack Irons , who added `` such an important and different element to our chemistry . '' Slovak helped Kiedis record his vocals on the album . In between takes , Slovak would run around the studio out of excitement and say `` This is the most beautiful thing we 've ever done . '' On September 29 , 1987 , The Uplift Mofo Party Plan was released , becoming their first album to appear on any chart . Although it peaked at only No. 148 on the Billboard 200 , this was a significant success compared to the first two . During this period however , Kiedis and Slovak had both developed serious drug addictions , often abandoning the band , each other , and their significant others for days on end . Slovak 's addiction led to his death on June 25 , 1988 , not long after the conclusion of the Uplift tour . Kiedis fled the city and did not attend Slovak 's funeral ( referenced in the song `` This Is the Place '' from 2002 's By the Way ) , considering the situation to be surreal and dreamlike . After returning to L.A. following his departure after Slovak 's death , Kiedis , Flea , Irons and manager Lindy Goetz had a meeting to figure out what to do next . Irons decided he had to leave the group , saying that he did not want to be part of a group where his friends were dying . Irons , who would battle through years of depression , went on to become a member of Seattle grunge band Pearl Jam many years later . With Slovak dead and Irons quitting , Kiedis and Flea debated whether they should continue making music , but ultimately decided to move ahead , hoping to continue what Slovak `` helped build . '' 1988 -- 1989 : successful new lineup ( edit ) Chad Smith became the band 's drummer through open auditions in November 1988 replacing D.H. Peligro After losing two of the original band members , Flea and Kiedis started looking for musicians to fill those spots . Shortly after Irons ' departure they chose as Slovak 's replacement DeWayne `` Blackbyrd '' McKnight , former member of Parliament - Funkadelic and who at one point briefly filled in for Slovak , when he was temporarily fired . D.H. Peligro of the punk rock outfit Dead Kennedys replaced Irons . Kiedis and Flea had been friends of Peligro for many years and even had a joke band together called Three Little Butt Hairs . With a new lineup set , Kiedis decided to enter rehab to fix his drug problem . Kiedis entered a rehab facility in Van Nuys called ASAP . After two weeks into Kiedis ' rehab he was taken by his counselor , Bob Timmons , to finally visit Slovak 's grave . Kiedis had no desire to be there ; however , Timmons urged him to talk to Slovak . Within minutes , Kiedis had opened up and could not stop crying . Thirty days later , Kiedis left rehab and was ready to resume his career with the band . Three dates into the tour , McKnight was fired , because the chemistry was not there with the other three . McKnight was with the band long enough to record one song , `` Blues For Meister '' ( drums were performed by Jack Irons -- bass and drums were recorded before Slovak 's death ) , a song sung by Flea . McKnight was so unhappy about being fired he threatened to burn down Kiedis ' house . Shortly after McKnight 's firing , Peligro introduced Kiedis and Flea to a teenage guitarist named John Frusciante . Kiedis actually had met Frusciante a year earlier outside of one of the band 's shows . Frusciante was originally directed to audition for the band Thelonious Monster , but Kiedis said that he knew right away that Frusciante would be in his band . An avid Red Hot Chili Peppers fan , Frusciante was , according to Flea , `` a really talented and knowledgeable musician . He ( Frusciante ) knows all the shit I do n't know . I basically know nothing about music theory and he 's studied it to death , inside and out . He 's a very disciplined musician -- all he cares about are his guitar and his cigarettes . '' Frusciante performed his first show with the band on September 17 , 1988 . The new lineup immediately began writing music for the next album and went on a short tour dubbed the Turd Town Tour , although in November , Kiedis and Flea felt the need to fire drummer Peligro due to his own drug and alcohol problems . Much like McKnight , Peligro did not take the news well . Flea stayed in bed for days after making the decision . Years later , Kiedis said firing Peligro was one of the toughest things the band ever had to do , although Kiedis became a major part of Peligro 's road to sobriety , which began right after he was fired . The Chili Peppers were again without a drummer and were forced to hold open auditions . Denise Zoom , a friend of the band , suggested Chad Smith , claiming he was the best drummer she had ever seen . The band agreed to audition Smith , but he was late and the last drummer to audition . Kiedis recalled the first time he saw Smith by saying , `` I spied this big lummox walking down the street with a really bad Guns N ' Roses hairdo and clothes that were not screaming I 've got style '' . Smith was a six - foot three - inch tall drummer who , according to Flea , `` lit a fire under our asses '' . From the moment they started jamming , Smith and Flea instantly found chemistry . Smith was a hard - hitting musician with whom the Chili Peppers believed they would create a strong relationship . Kiedis said the audition with Smith `` left the band in a state of frenzied laughter , that we could n't shake out of for a half an hour '' . Smith was so much different from the other three . Kiedis , Flea and Frusciante were heavily influenced by punk rock , whereas Smith 's taste in heavy metal music and his biker appearance contrasted with their punk rock views . Kiedis informed Smith he would be hired on one condition : as an initiation to the band , Smith had to cut his long hair . He refused , though Kiedis was not about to argue with the much larger Smith . Smith was hired as the band 's fourth drummer on December 3 , 1988 . Anthony Kiedis and Flea in Amsterdam , August 1989 Unlike the stop - start sessions for The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , where Kiedis would frequently disappear to seek drugs , pre-production for Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) went smoothly . The band recorded basic tracks during March and early April 1989 at Hully Gully studios in Silver Lake ; songs like `` Knock Me Down '' were formed from jam sessions without any input from returning producer Michael Beinhorn while `` Sexy Mexican Maid '' , `` Stone Cold Bush '' and `` Taste the Pain '' ( which was recorded prior to Smith joining and features Fishbone drummer Philip `` Fish '' Fisher ) were written with Peligro . Although there had been stress and conflict during the recording of other Chili Peppers albums , the Mother 's Milk sessions were especially uncomfortable due to Beinhorn 's incessant desire to create a hit . Frusciante and Kiedis were frustrated with the producer 's attitude . In April 1989 , the Chili Peppers embarked on a short tour to break in the new lineup . Released on August 16 , 1989 , Mother 's Milk peaked at number 52 on the U.S. Billboard 200 . The record failed to chart in the United Kingdom and Europe , but climbed to number 33 in Australia . `` Knock Me Down '' reached number six on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks whereas `` Higher Ground '' charted at number eleven ; the latter of the two ultimately proved to be more successful , reaching number fifty - four in the UK and forty - five in Australia and France . Mother 's Milk was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in late March 1990 -- it is now certified platinum -- and was the first Chili Peppers album to ship over 500,000 units . 1990 -- 1993 : breakthrough , international Fame and Frusciante 's first departure ( edit ) `` Give It Away '' `` Give It Away '' , the first single from the record , combined funky guitar riffs and prominent sexual references with an overall `` dryer '' guitar sound attributed to producer Rick Rubin . Problems playing this file ? See media help . In 1990 , after the success of Mother 's Milk , the group decided they had had enough of EMI and entered a major label bidding war ultimately signing with Warner Bros. Records and hired Rick Rubin to produce their then - untitled fifth album . Rubin would go on to produce five of the band 's subsequent studio albums , but originally turned the band down in 1987 due to the drug problems in the band at the time . This time , in 1990 , Rubin felt the band was in a better place and much more focused . The writing process for this album was far more productive than it had been for Mother 's Milk , with Kiedis stating , `` ( every day ) , there was new music for me to lyricize '' . The band spent six months recording a new album , with long periods of rehearsal , songwriting , and incubating ideas . However , Rubin was dissatisfied with a regular recording studio , thinking the band would work better in a less orthodox setting , believing it would enhance their creative output . Rubin suggested the mansion magician Harry Houdini once lived in , to which they agreed . A crew was hired to set up a recording studio and other equipment required for production in the house . The band decided that they would remain inside the mansion for the duration of recording , though according to Kiedis , Smith was convinced the location was haunted , and refused to stay . He would , instead , come each day by motorcycle. Smith himself disputes this account , and instead claims the real reason he did not stay at The Mansion was because he wanted to be with his wife . Frusciante , however , disagreed with Smith , and said `` There are definitely ghosts in the house , '' and Frusciante felt they were `` very friendly . We ( the band ) have nothing but warm vibes and happiness everywhere we go in this house . '' Rubin is the current owner of the studio known as The Mansion . During production , the band agreed to let Flea 's brother - in - law document the creative process on film . When the album 's recording was complete , the Chili Peppers released the film , titled Funky Monks . The band was unable to decide on the title of the album , but to Rubin , one particular song title stuck out : `` Blood Sugar Sex Magik '' . Although it was not a featured song , Rubin believed it to be `` clearly the best title '' . On September 24 , 1991 , Blood Sugar Sex Magik was released . `` Give It Away '' was released as the first single ; it eventually became one of the band 's biggest and most well known songs , winning a Grammy Award in 1992 for `` Best Hard Rock Performance With Vocal '' and became the band 's first number one single on the Modern Rock chart The ballad `` Under the Bridge '' was released as a second single , and went on to reach No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , the highest the band has reached on that chart as of 2016 , and became one of the band 's most recognizable songs . Other singles such as `` Breaking the Girl '' and `` Suck My Kiss '' also charted well . The album sold over 12 million copies . Blood Sugar Sex Magik was listed at number 310 on the Rolling Stone magazine list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and in 1992 it rose to No. 3 on the U.S. album charts , almost a year after its release . The band kicked off their Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour which featured Nirvana , Pearl Jam and Smashing Pumpkins , three of that era 's biggest up and coming bands in alternative music , as opening acts . The unexpected success instantly turned Red Hot Chili Peppers into rock stars . Frusciante was blindsided by his newfound fame , and struggled to cope with it . Soon after the album 's release , he began to develop a dislike for the band 's popularity and personal problems between Kiedis and Frusciante began to unfold . Kiedis recalled that he and Frusciante used to get into heated discussions backstage after concerts : `` John would say , ' We 're too popular . I do n't need to be at this level of success . I would just be proud to be playing this music in clubs like you guys were doing two years ago . ' '' The final dates with Frusciante were a mess and Frusciante was so disconnected from the group , often changing the way he played on certain songs , which further got under Kiedis ' skin . Unknown to others , Frusciante was also starting his own drug habit at the time and was shutting himself off from everyone except for his girlfriend . Frusciante abruptly quit the band hours before a show during the Blood Sugar Japanese tour in May 1992 . The band reached out to Dave Navarro , who had just split from Jane 's Addiction , but who was involved in his own personal drug battles . The group held rehearsals with Zander Schloss , though after a few days they decided he was not the right fit either . Guitarist Arik Marshall , of Los Angeles band Marshall Law , was hired to replace Frusciante and the band headlined the Lollapalooza festival in 1992 . Marshall would also appear in the music videos for `` Breaking the Girl '' , `` If You Have to Ask '' and on The Simpsons fourth - season finale , `` Krusty Gets Kancelled '' . In September 1992 , the Peppers , with Marshall , performed `` Give It Away '' at the MTV Video Music Awards . The band was nominated for seven awards including Video of the Year ( which they did not obtain ) ; however , they did manage to win three other awards , including Viewer 's Choice . On February 24 , 1993 , the band , along with George Clinton & the P. Funk All - Stars and Weapon of Choice , performed `` Give It Away '' at the Grammy Awards , a song which won the band their first Grammy later that evening . The performance marked the end of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour and Marshall 's final performance with the band . The band had planned to begin a follow - up to Blood Sugar Sex Magik with Marshall . However , when it came time to play music , Marshall was always busy , so the band decided that Marshall failed to fit with their future plans and he was dismissed . With Marshall gone , the band decided to hold open auditions ( which they considered a huge mess ) , but which however did lead to an encounter with Buckethead . The band enjoyed his rehearsal even though he claimed to have never heard of them ; Flea felt he did not fit the feel of the band . Still without a guitarist , Kiedis was out one night at a local club and spotted Jesse Tobias of the Los Angeles - based band Mother Tongue . Kiedis felt like he had the right vibe for the band and he was recruited to be the new guitarist after a few auditions . However , his tenure with the band did not last long , with the rest of the band stating that `` the chemistry was n't right '' . It was at this same time that Smith informed the band that Navarro was now ready to join the band . When offered the spot this time he accepted . 1993 -- 1997 : transitional period ( edit ) Dave Navarro ( pictured ) replaced Jesse Tobias as guitarist in 1993 Navarro first appeared with the band at Woodstock ' 94 . The band opened their set wearing enormous light bulb costumes attached precariously to chrome metallic suits , making it near - impossible for them to play their instruments . Navarro hated the idea but went with it . The performance saw the debut of new songs such as `` Warped '' , `` Aeroplane '' , and `` Pea '' although the songs were in the beginning stages and the lyrics were very different from the final versions . The band followed up their performance at Woodstock with a brief tour , which included headlining appearances at the Pukkelpop and Reading Festivals as well two performances as the opening act for The Rolling Stones . According to Kiedis , however , opening for the Stones was a horrible experience . While externally , the band appeared to be settled , the relationship between the three established members and Navarro had begun to deteriorate . His differing musical background made performing difficult as they began playing together , and continued to be an issue over the next year . Navarro admitted he did not care for funk music or jamming . Kiedis was also struggling with his heroin addiction ; he had been through a dental procedure in Beverly Hills , in which an addictive sedative , Valium , was used ; this caused him to relapse , and he once again became dependent on drugs , although the band would not find this out until later . Navarro 's joining and Kiedis 's continued drug addiction had a profound effect on the band and the subsequent sound of their next album , One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) . With Frusciante no longer present for collaboration , songs were written at a far slower rate . Working with Frusciante had been something Kiedis took for granted : `` John had been a true anomaly when it came to song writing . He made it even easier than Hillel to create music , even though I 'd known Hillel for years . I just figured that was how all guitar players were , that you showed them your lyrics and sang a little bit and the next thing you knew you had a song . That did n't happen right off the bat with Dave . '' To compensate , Kiedis and bassist Flea took several vacations together , during which entire songs were conceived and with Kiedis often absent from recording due to his drug problems or struggling to come up with lyrics , Flea took a much bigger role in the writing process ; coming up with ideas for many songs including full lyrics and even singing lead on his own song , `` Pea '' . `` Warped '' Sample of `` Warped '' , the first single from the album ; it incorporated prominent heavy metal riffs and among the darkest lyrics throughout the record . Problems playing this file ? See media help . Navarro 's only album with the band was One Hot Minute , released on September 12 , 1995 after many delays and setbacks . Navarro 's guitar work had created a stylistic departure in the band 's sound , which was now characterized by prominent use of heavy metal guitar riffs and hints of psychedelic rock . The band described the album as a darker , sadder record compared to their previous material , which was not as universally well - received as Blood Sugar Sex Magik . Many of the lyrics written by Kiedis were drug - related , including the lead single , `` Warped , '' which left Kiedis stunned that nobody else in the band picked up on his lyrics that he was using again . Broken relationships and deaths of friends and family also played a major role in the album 's darker tone and lyrics . The ballad , `` Tearjerker , '' was written about Kurt Cobain , while `` Transcending '' , which was written by Flea , was about longtime friend , River Phoenix ; and the single `` Shallow Be Thy Game '' took shots at religion . Despite mixed reviews , the album was a commercial success . Selling eight million copies worldwide , it spawned the band 's third No. 1 single , the ballad `` My Friends '' , and enjoyed chart success with the songs `` Warped '' and `` Aeroplane '' . This iteration of the band appeared on several soundtracks . `` I Found Out '' , a John Lennon cover , was featured on Working Class Hero : A Tribute to John Lennon . The Ohio Players cover , `` Love Rollercoaster '' , was featured on the Beavis and Butthead Do America soundtrack , and was released as a single . The band began its tour for One Hot Minute in Europe on September 27 , 1995 and played 16 shows . A US tour was to follow but was postponed after Chad Smith broke his wrist . The band considered carrying on with the tour even at one point considering Jack Irons as a replacement for Smith but there just was not enough time to rehearse with anyone new and the dates were rescheduled for early 1996 . The band spent most of 1996 playing shows in the United States and Europe . By 1997 , for the first time , the band cancelled many shows . Most of this was again due to problems within the band . Flea at that point was exhausted , tired of playing the same songs each night and was seriously talking about quitting the band while Kiedis had recently been involved in a motorcycle accident which left one arm in a sling and created yet another drug relapse due to his use of painkillers . Even Navarro was back to using drugs . 1997 saw the band playing just one show . This was at the very first Fuji Rock Festival on July 26 , 1997 . A massive typhoon hit that day but the band played anyway . They played through an 8 - song set before having to cut the show short due to the storm . This would be the final show with Navarro and due to Flea 's previous comments left many speculating if it was the end of the band . After making attempts to carry on with Navarro and record a follow - up to One Hot Minute , things were not working out , and due to Navarro 's drug problems and lack of effort in wanting to create new music and chemistry on the road , the band felt it was time to part ways . In April 1998 it was announced that Navarro had left the band due to creative differences ; Kiedis stated that the decision was `` mutual '' . Reports at the time , however , indicated Navarro 's departure came after he attended a band practice under the influence of drugs , which at one point involved him falling backwards over his own amp . 1998 -- 2001 : return of Frusciante and new - found popularity ( edit ) In the years following his departure from the band , it became public that John Frusciante had developed a heroin addiction , which left him in poverty and near death . Frusciante had lost contact with most of his friends . However , Flea always remained in contact , and he helped talk Frusciante into admitting himself to Las Encinas Drug Rehabilitation Center in January 1998 . He concluded the process in February of that year and began renting a small apartment in Silver Lake . He acquired many injuries and problems in the years of his addiction , some requiring surgery , including permanent scarring on his arms , a restructured nose , and an oral infection , which led to his teeth being removed and replaced with dental implants . After Navarro 's departure in early 1998 , Red Hot Chili Peppers were on the verge of breaking up . Flea told Kiedis , `` the only way I could imagine carrying on ( with Red Hot Chili Peppers ) is if we got John back in the band . '' Kiedis was surprised and thought there was no way Frusciante would ever want to work with him as the two still had unresolved personal problems from when Frusciante quit in 1992 . With Frusciante free of his addictions and ailments , Kiedis and Flea thought it was an appropriate time to invite him back . In April 1998 , when Flea visited him at his home and asked him to rejoin the band , Frusciante began sobbing and said `` nothing would make me happier in the world . '' Flea decided to contact Kiedis and have him meet with John to try and resolve any personal problems that the two might have had . Flea was relieved to find out that both had no bad blood towards each other and were once again excited to make music together . Within the week and , for the first time in six years , the reunited foursome jump - started the newly reunited Red Hot Chili Peppers . Anthony Kiedis said of the situation : `` For me , that was the defining moment of what would become the next six years of our lives together . That was when I knew that this was the real deal , that the magic was about to happen again . Suddenly we could all hear , we could all listen , and instead of being caught up in our finite little balls of bullshit , we could all become players in that great universal orchestra again . '' `` Otherside '' `` Otherside '' , the third single from Californication , was one of the darkest recordings following One Hot Minute due to Kiedis ' continuing drug addiction which considerably affected his songwriting . The track prominently features a sparse guitar arrangement that Frusciante played on a 1955 Gretsch White Falcon . Problems playing this file ? See media help . Despite the band 's elation , Frusciante was both mentally and physically torn . Frusciante had not played with the band since his departure and other than his solo albums had not picked up a guitar in years . He had lost his guitars in a house fire from which he barely escaped , and experienced a difficult time resuming his prior life . Nonetheless , the group began jamming in Flea 's garage and it did not take long for Frusciante to regain his talent ; new songs began to roll out . Frusciante 's return restored a key component of the Chili Peppers ' sound , as well as a healthy morale . He brought with him his deep devotion to music , which affected the band 's recording style during the sessions which produced their next album . Frusciante has frequently stated that his work on Californication was his favorite . On June 8 , 1999 , after more than a year of production and meticulous practice , Californication was released as the band 's seventh studio album . The album ultimately sold over 16 million copies and became the band 's most successful recording to date . Californication contained fewer rap - driven songs than its predecessors , instead integrating textured , consistent , and melodic guitar riffs , vocals and bass - lines . The record produced three more number one modern rock hits , `` Scar Tissue '' , `` Otherside '' and `` Californication '' . Californication gained positive critical acceptance in contrast to its less popular predecessor , One Hot Minute , and was a greater success worldwide . While many critics credited the success of the album to Frusciante 's return , they also noted that Kiedis ' vocals had also greatly improved . It was later listed at number 399 on the Rolling Stone magazine list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In July 1999 , as part of the band 's two - year - long international world tour in support of their new album , Red Hot Chili Peppers played at Woodstock 1999 , which became infamous for the violence that resulted . Some 10 minutes before the show , they were asked by Jimi Hendrix 's stepsister to play a cover of her brother 's songs . After some hesitation due to not having performed the song in years , the band decided to play his classic `` Fire '' , which they had covered on Mother 's Milk . Coincidentally , about two thirds of the way into the band 's set , the closing set of the three - day concert , a small fire escalated into full - fledged vandalism and resulted in the intervention of riot control squads . The disruption escalated into violence when nearby property including ATMs and several semi-tractor trailers were looted and destroyed . Kiedis felt that `` It was clear that this situation had nothing to do with Woodstock anymore . It was n't symbolic of peace and love , but of greed and cashing in ... We woke up to papers and radio stations vilifying us for playing ' Fire ' . '' The tour also originated the band 's first concert DVD , 2001 's Off the Map . 2001 -- 2007 : continued success ( edit ) By the Way Sample of `` By the Way '' , the first single from the album , which was far more fast paced and contained heavier guitar riffs than most of the songs on By the Way . Frusciante sings backing vocals throughout the chorus and bridge . Problems playing this file ? See media help . The writing and formation of the band 's next album , By the Way began immediately following the culmination of Californication 's world tour , in spring 2001 . As with Californication , much of the creation took place in the band members ' homes , and other locations of practice , such as a recording studio stage . Kiedis recalled of the situation : `` We started finding some magic and some music and some riffs and some rhythms and some jams and some grooves , and we added to it and subtracted from it and pushed it around and put melodies to it . '' Frusciante and Kiedis would collaborate for days straight , discussing and sharing guitar progressions and lyrics . For Kiedis , `` writing By the Way ... was a whole different experience from Californication . John was back to himself and brimming with confidence . '' John Frusciante , 2006 Before recording By the Way ( 2002 ) , the Chili Peppers decided that they would again have Rick Rubin produce the album . In the past , Rubin had given the band creative freedom on their recording material ; this was something they thought essential for the album to be unique , and could only occur with his return . Originally the album was headed in a much different direction than the final production . The album started out as a group of fast , hardcore punk songs , which Rubin rejected . Frusciante also wanted a darker , 1980s UK pop / new wave sound mixed in with 1980s hardcore . The recording process was tough for Flea , who felt like an outsider in the band and that his role was being diminished due to a musical power struggle with Frusciante . Flea wanted to create more funk - inspired songs , while Frusciante felt that the band had overused their funk side . Flea considered quitting the band after the album , but the two eventually worked out all their problems . By the Way was released on July 9 , 2002 and produced four singles ; `` By the Way '' , `` The Zephyr Song '' , `` Ca n't Stop '' and `` Universally Speaking '' . The album was their most subdued album to date , focusing primarily on melodic ballads as opposed to their classic rap - driven funk . Frusciante also concentrated on a more layered texture on many of the songs , often adding keyboard parts , that featured low in the mix , and also writing string arrangements for songs such as `` Midnight '' and `` Minor Thing '' . The album was followed by an eighteen month - long world tour . The European leg of the By the Way tour produced the band 's second full - length concert DVD , Live at Slane Castle , recorded at Slane Castle in Ireland on August 23 , 2003 . The band released their first full - length live album , Live in Hyde Park ; recorded during their performances in Hyde Park , London . More than 258,000 fans paid over $17,100,000 for tickets over three nights , a 2004 record ; the event ranked No. 1 on Billboard 's Top Concert Boxscores of 2004 . In November 2003 , the Chili Peppers released their Greatest Hits album , which featured two new songs , `` Fortune Faded '' and `` Save the Population '' . The two songs were selected out of sessions that generated fifteen tracks and Smith later said the band had hopes to use along with new compositions to create a full album after finishing the tour , but the idea was vetoed by Frusciante because his musical influences and styles had evolved and he wanted to do something new . In 2006 the band released the Grammy award - winning Stadium Arcadium produced by Rick Rubin . Although 38 songs were created with the intention of being released as three separate albums spaced six months apart , the band instead chose to release a 28 - track double album , and released nine of the ten as B -- sides . It was their first album to debut at No. 1 on the US charts , where it stayed for two weeks , and debuted at number one in the UK and 25 other countries . Stadium Arcadium sold over seven million units . The band in 2006 during the Stadium Arcadium World Tour featuring its long - time lineup : Flea , Kiedis , Smith , Frusciante The record 's first single , `` Dani California '' , was the band 's fastest - selling single , debuting on top of the Modern Rock chart in the U.S. , peaking at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and reaching No. 2 in the UK . `` Tell Me Baby '' , released next , also topped the charts in 2006 . `` Snow ( Hey Oh ) '' was released in late 2006 , breaking multiple records by 2007 . The song became their eleventh number one single , giving the band a cumulative total of 81 weeks at number one . It was also the first time three consecutive singles by the band made it to number one . `` Desecration Smile '' was released internationally in February 2007 and reached number 27 on the UK charts . `` Hump de Bump '' was planned to be the next single for the US , Canada , and Australia only , but due to positive feedback from the music video , it was released as a worldwide single in May 2007 . The band began another world tour in support of Stadium Arcadium in 2006 , beginning with promotional concerts in Europe and culminating in a two - month - long European tour from late May to mid-July . During this tour Frusciante 's friend and frequent musical collaborator Josh Klinghoffer joined the touring band , contributing guitar parts , back up vocals , and keyboards . Klinghoffer 's presence allowed the live performances of songs to sound more like the recorded versions , in which Frusciante laid down multiple tracks himself . The group toured North America from early August to early November , returning to Europe later in November for a second leg , that ran until mid-December . The Chili Peppers began 2007 with a second North American leg , this time including Mexico , from mid-January to mid-March . This was followed by April shows in various cities in Australia and New Zealand and concerts in Japan in early June . The Peppers concluded their tour with a third European leg from late June to late August . They appeared at the Live Earth concert at London 's Wembley Stadium on July 7 , 2007 . The band appeared at several festivals , including Denmarks Roskilde festival , Ireland 's Oxegen in July 2006 , Lollapalooza in August 2006 in Grant Park , Chicago , a subsequent set at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio , California in late April 2007 and in August 2007 they appeared as one of three headliners at the Reading and Leeds festivals along with Razorlight and Smashing Pumpkins . In February 2007 , Stadium Arcadium won five Grammys : Best Rock Album , Best Rock Song ( `` Dani California '' ) , Best Rock Performance by a Duo Or Group With Vocal ( `` Dani California '' ) , Best Boxed Or Special Limited Edition Package , and Best Producer ( Rick Rubin ) . Rolling Stone 's ' 100 Best Albums of the Decade ( 2000 -- 2009 ) ' included Stadium Arcadium at No. 74 . 2008 -- 2009 : hiatus and Frusciante 's second departure ( edit ) Following the last leg of the Stadium Arcadium tour , the band members took an extended break . Kiedis attributed this to the band being worn out from their years of nonstop work since Californication ( 1999 ) . The band 's only recording during this time was in 2008 with George Clinton on his latest album George Clinton and His Gangsters of Love . Accompanied by Kim Manning , the band recorded a new version of Shirley and Lee 's classic `` Let the Good Times Roll '' . The song would become the last song the band would record with Frusciante . Kiedis , who had recently become a father , was looking forward to the time off and taking care of his son Everly Bear and possibly creating a short television series called Spider and Son , which was set to recap his autobiography . Flea began taking music theory classes at the University of Southern California , and revealed plans to release a mainly instrumental solo record , that was being recorded in his home ; guest musicians include Patti Smith and a choir from the Silverlake Conservatory . Flea also joined Thom Yorke of Radiohead in the supergroup Atoms for Peace . Frusciante continued his solo career and released his solo album , The Empyrean . Chad Smith worked with Sammy Hagar , Joe Satriani , and Michael Anthony in the supergroup Chickenfoot , as well as on his solo project , Chad Smith 's Bombastic Meatbats . The band planned to remain on hiatus for `` a minimum of one year '' . In October 2009 the band officially ended their hiatus and minus Frusciante , entered the studio to begin writing for their tenth studio album . The band was joined by Josh Klinghoffer , who to the public was still the band 's backup touring guitarist , although it was later confirmed , that he was already an official member and Frusciante 's replacement with Frusciante having quit the band on July 29 , 2009 . An official announcement on Frusciante 's departure was n't made until December 2009 . Frusciante explained on his MySpace page , that there was no drama or anger about him leaving the band this time , and that the other members were very supportive and understanding . Frusciante said he felt his musical interests had led him in a different direction , and that he needed to fully focus his efforts on his solo career . 2010 -- 2014 : Klinghoffer replaces Frusciante and I 'm with You ( edit ) Josh Klinghoffer ( pictured ) , who acted as backup touring guitarist for the band in 2007 , replaced John Frusciante in 2009 as the band 's full - time guitarist The band , with Josh Klinghoffer on guitar , made their live comeback on January 29 , 2010 , paying tribute to Neil Young with a cover of `` A Man Needs a Maid '' at MusiCares . After months of speculation , in February 2010 Klinghoffer was officially confirmed by Chad Smith as Frusciante 's full - time replacement . The band officially began recording their tenth studio album with producer Rick Rubin in September 2010 . According to Rubin , the band recorded enough material to release a second double album , following Stadium Arcadium but ultimately decided not to . Rubin notes , `` it was painful not to share all of the material that we had , but we felt it would be too much . We really wanted it to be twelve songs but it ended up being fourteen just because nobody could agree on which twelve . '' The recording process lasted until March 2011 . Many of the songs were written between October 2009 and August 2010 and according to Flea around 60 -- 70 songs were written in the ten months prior to entering the studio to record the album . In July 2011 , the band kicked off a trio of invitation - only warm - up dates in California . These were the first shows the band played since August 2007 and their first official shows with Klinghoffer as their lead guitarist . I 'm with You , the band 's tenth studio album was released in the United States in August 2011 . The album topped the charts in 18 different countries although failed to provide the band with their second straight number one debut in the U.S. The album was met with mostly positive reviews from the critics . The album 's first single , `` The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie '' was released a month earlier and went on to become the band 's twelfth number one hit single , topping their own record . Kreayshawn was tapped to direct the music video for the single , however due to unknown reasons , the video shot by Kreayshawn went unreleased and a second video directed by Marc Klasfeld was released in its place . `` Monarchy of Roses '' , `` Look Around '' and `` Did I Let You Know '' , released only in Brazil , followed as singles / music videos . `` Brendan 's Death Song '' would be the next single and released during the summer of 2012 . The band kicked off a monthlong promotional tour in August 2011 starting in Asia . On August 30 , 2011 , the band appeared on movie screens throughout the world via satellite from Cologne , Germany performing the entire new album in sequence , minus `` Even You Brutus '' and adding `` Give It Away '' and `` Me and My Friends '' . The band officially kicked off the I 'm with You Tour on September 11 , 2011 , the next day , on September 12 , they played in Costa Rica . On December 31 , 2011 the band was hired by Roman Abramovich for a reported £ 5m to perform at his New Year 's Eve celebration at his estate on the Caribbean island of St Bart 's , and the show included a special appearance from Toots Hibbert of Toots and the Maytals as they played a rendition of `` Louie Louie '' together . The tour lasted into 2013 and was one of the band 's biggest to date . All shows from the upcoming world tour were made available to purchase as downloads through LiveChiliPeppers.com . The North American leg of the tour , which was expected to begin on January 19 , 2012 , had to be postponed due to a surgery Kiedis went to resolve multiple foot injuries he had suffered through since the Stadium Arcadium tour . The first U.S. leg of the tour , including dates in Canada , kicked off in March 2012 and lasted into June , followed by summer shows in Europe , while the rest of the already scheduled U.S. dates took place in August and then from September through November 2012 . Jack Irons and Cliff Martinez again joined the band during their performance of August 12 , 2012 of `` Give it Away '' in Los Angeles . Following the I 'm with You World Tour , the band set out on another small tour consisting mostly of festivals in the United States however the tour expanded to dates in South America as well for November . Flea along with Chili Peppers touring percussionist , Mauro Refosco spent the band 's break keeping busy with their side - project Atoms For Peace , who had many dates throughout the world scheduled from July to November 2013 . The band was nominated for two MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Rock Band and Best Live Artist and nominated for Best Group at the 2012 People 's Choice Awards I 'm with You was also nominated for a 2012 Grammy Award for Best Rock Album . The band released 2011 Live EP on March 29 , 2012 . The EP a free five live song MP3 download through their website . The five songs were selected by Chad Smith from the band 's 2011 European live albums , which were released for purchase through their website as well . On April 14 , 2012 , the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . May 1 , 2012 saw the release of digital download only Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP , which consisted of previously released studio and live covers of artists that influenced the band . In addition to their newly released live performances , starting in August 2012 , the band started to put out a collection of singles from the I 'm With You Sessions . The singles , which contained two songs each and total 17 songs were made available on 7 - inch vinyl , digital download and CD . All of the singles were eventually released together as I 'm Beside You LP on November 29 , 2013 as a Record Store Day exclusive . The band concluded the I 'm with You World Tour in April 2013 . The tour ranked 15th on Billboard 's `` Top 25 Tours '' list of 2012 . Following the end of the tour , the band headed back out on the road the next month for another lengthy tour which included their first ever shows in Alaska , Paraguay , the Philippines and Puerto Rico . The Chili Peppers joined Bruno Mars as performers at the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show on February 2 , 2014 , to which a record 115.3 million viewers tuned in . The band 's performance was met with mixed reviews from fans , the media , and even musicians towards Flea and Klinghoffer for performing to pre-recorded music ; Flea responded that it was a NFL rule for bands to pre-record music due to time and technical issues , and that the band agreed because it was a once in a lifetime opportunity . He said Kiedis ' vocals were completely live and the band pre-recorded `` Give it Away '' during rehearsals . In June 2014 the band wrapped up their tour which began in May 2013 ; since September 2011 they had played 158 shows on their two tours , the longest span of touring in their history without a real break . 2012 - 13 Live EP was released on July 1 , 2014 through their website as a free download . Like the 2011 Live EP , five songs were selected by Chad Smith from the band 's tour as a way to announce the official conclusion of the tour . 2014 -- 2017 : the Getaway ( edit ) On November 17 , 2014 , Anthony Kiedis announced that the band would be returning to the studio in December to record their newly written album . He said that he hoped for the album to contain 13 songs , however it is likely they will `` put 10 more songs on top of that '' . A few days later in an interview with David Fricke , Kiedis confirmed that Rick Rubin would not be producing the band 's next record and for the first time since 1989 they would work with someone else . Flea broke the news on Twitter in January 2015 that Danger Mouse would be the producer . The following month Flea suffered a broken arm during a skiing trip which delayed the recording of the album for over six months . In an October 2015 interview with Rolling Stone , Kiedis gave an update on the band 's next album . The following month , Chad Smith posted in a video to a fan page on Twitter saying that he expected the new album to be finished in May or June 2016 which would be around the same time that the band would be in the midst of their summer festival tour . In December 2015 , Flea said that the album was recorded and they were waiting on Kiedis to track the vocals . Kiedis gave an update two months later in February 2016 saying they were near completion of the album . Chad Smith posted an image on Twitter on March 21 , 2016 stating that work has begun with Nigel Godrich mixing the new album . The following day it was reported that Elton John would appear on the album . The band announced on May 2 , 2016 that `` Dark Necessities '' , the first single from their upcoming album , would be released on May 5 , 2016 . On May 5 , 2016 , it was announced that the band 's eleventh album would be entitled The Getaway , and would be released on June 17 , 2016 Kiedis in a May 9 , 2016 interview on BBC Radio 2 said of the album that lyrically many of the songs were influenced by a two - year relationship that fell apart like a nuclear bomb . `` Dark Necessities '' became the band 's 25th top - ten single on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart , a record they hold over U2 who currently has 23 top - ten singles . On February 3 , 2016 , `` Circle of the Noose '' , one of the band 's most sought after unreleased songs and the only song recorded with Dave Navarro for the follow - up album to One Hot Minute before he was fired from the band , was leaked to the internet . The rough mix was recorded on March 16 , 1998 . Dave Navarro , who in 1997 said it was one of the greatest songs he ever played on , tweeted `` WOW what a trip down memory lane '' in response to the leak . Three days following the leak of the unreleased Navarro era song , the band played `` Aeroplane '' live for the first time since July 26 , 1997 , making it the first One Hot Minute song besides `` Pea '' ( a song featuring only Flea ) to be performed by the Chili Peppers since Navarro 's departure from the band . On 26 May , the band released `` The Getaway '' , the title track on their upcoming album , on their YouTube channel . While not a single ( it was originally the band 's choice to be the first single until they went with `` Dark Necessities '' at the suggestion of Danger Mouse ) , the song was made available for purchase the following day and was also being given away as a free download for those who pre-order the new album . The music video for `` Dark Necessities '' , directed by actress Olivia Wilde , was released on June 16 , 2016 . `` Go Robot '' , the song management and the band 's label originally wanted as the first single , is expected to be the second single released from the album . `` We Turn Red '' was released on the band 's YouTube page on June 9 , 2016 . The Getaway made its debut at number 2 on the Billboard 200 chart however failed to dethrone Drake who had the number one album for eight consecutive weeks . The Getaway outsold Drake its opening week with album sales of 108,000 to 33,000 ( actually placing him at 4th in sales for the week ) though due to album streaming , Drake managed to top the band for the top position in the charts . On July 1 , 2016 , the Live In Paris EP was released exclusively through the music streaming website Deezer . `` Go Robot '' was announced as the second single from The Getaway . On July 26 , 2016 , the band members started to post images from the set of the music video . The Getaway was re-issued on limited edition pink vinyl on September 27 , 2016 as part of 10 Bands 1 Cause . All money from sales of the re-issue will go to Gilda 's Club NYC an organization that provides community support for both those diagnosed with cancer and their caretakers . It is named after comedian Gilda Radner . The band kicked off the headlining portion of The Getaway World Tour in September 2016 with the North American leg , featuring Jack Irons , the band 's original drummer as an opening act on all dates , beginning in January 2017 . Dave Rat , the band 's sound engineer since February 1991 , announced that following the band 's show of January 22 , 2017 he would no longer be working with the band . `` I truly love Flea , Anthony , Chad , Josh and all my dear and close friends I consider family both on the road now and those that have moved on to other adventures over the years . I am pretty happy to say that I have dedicated significant time documenting touring with Peppers in journals but also have thousands of amazing photos spanning decades of smiles and challenges '' Rat said . 2017 -- present : upcoming twelfth studio album ( edit ) On March 18 , 2017 , frontman Anthony Kiedis gave an interview with a Vancouver radio station and indicated that , for band 's follow - up to The Getaway , they were likely to work with Danger Mouse again as their producer . He said , `` I think it 's good to work with the same guy again to um , you know you had your freshman experience . I think we owe it to ourselves to start from the beginning with this guy and see what we can accomplish . '' The Getaway World Tour concluded on October 18 , 2017 . The tour consisted of 151 shows lasting a year and almost five months . The band performed a short set at the 2017 Stand Up for Heroes fundraiser at The Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City on November 7 , 2017 . The show also featured comedians Jon Stewart , John Oliver , Conan O'Brien and Trevor Noah . The fundraiser was for the Bob Woodruff Foundation , which supports injured veterans and their families . `` The Red Hot Chili Peppers bring so much energy to the stage and are one of my favorite bands '' Bob Woodruff said . On December 14 , 2017 , the band headlined the Band Together 2 Benefit Concert at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco . Money raised from the concert goes to the Tipping Point Emergency Relief Fund which since 2005 has raised $150 million to educate , employ , house and support those in need in the Bay Area . In a December 2017 interview with ABC News , drummer Chad Smith stated that `` there 's not gon na be any more touring '' in 2018 ( with the exception of three festival appearances in South America in March 2018 ) , and that the Red Hot Chili Peppers will spend most of the year focusing on their twelfth studio album . He explained , `` We 're just gon na take a break for the rest of this year , and then we 'll start up ( and ) probably write some more songs next year . Hopefully ( we 'll ) make a record at some point . That 's the plan . '' On February 28 , 2018 , it was confirmed that after four years in the making , Flea 's 400 page memoir , Acid for the Children , will be released on September 25 , 2018 . Recognition and legacy ( edit ) The band 's mix of hard rock , funk and hip hop has been recognized as being influential to genres such as funk metal , rap metal , rap rock and nu metal . In a 2002 interview with Penthouse , Anthony Kiedis stated `` We were early in creating the combination of hardcore funk with hip - hop - style vocals . We became , maybe , an inspiration to Limp Bizkit , Kid Rock , Linkin Park -- all these other bands that are doing that now . '' In October 2004 , Kiedis released his autobiography Scar Tissue . It tells his life story from birth in 1962 until 2004 . The book follows many major events for Kiedis such as growing up in Los Angeles , coming in contact with drugs at a young age , forming the band , and the troubling drug addictions he experienced during his career . In May 2009 , Kiedis was honored with the Stevie Ray Vaughan Award at the fifth annual MusiCares event for his dedication and support of the MusiCares MAP Fund and for his commitment to helping other addicts with the addiction and recovery process . Kiedis ' fellow band members , minus Frusciante were on hand to pay tribute and under the name , ' The Insects ' , Kiedis , Smith , Flea along with Ron Wood , Josh Klinghoffer and Ivan Neville performed a brief set of cover songs . The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 14 , 2012 by actor / comedian Chris Rock , who is a longtime friend and fan of the band . The induction lineup was Kiedis , Flea , Smith , Klinghoffer , Frusciante , Slovak ( who was represented by his brother James ) , Irons and Martinez . Frusciante did not attend the ceremony . Smith said `` We asked him , he said , ' I 'm just not really comfortable with that , but good luck and thanks for inviting me . ' He 's the kind of guy , I think , that once he 's finished with something he 's just on to the next phase of his life . The Chili Peppers are not really on his radar right now . '' Despite recording one album with the band , Dave Navarro and Jack Sherman were the only two former recording band members not inducted . Kiedis explained that Navarro , who appeared to be fine with not being included , was better suited for induction as a member of Jane 's Addiction , the band he was best known for . Sherman on the other hand was angry about not being included and spoke out about the band 's induction blaming the band for not including him or Navarro by saying he was told only original members , current members and those who played on multiple albums were eligible for induction ( although this has proven to not be the case with other inductees ) . `` It appeared to be a politically correct way of omitting Dave Navarro and I for whatever reasons they have that are probably the band 's and not the Hall 's , '' Sherman also said `` It 's really painful to see all this celebrating going on and be excluded . I 'm not claiming that I 've brought anything other to the band ... but to have soldiered on under arduous conditions to try to make the thing work , and I think that 's what you do in a job , looking back . And that 's been dishonored . I 'm being dishonored , and it sucks . '' During his induction speech , Smith made sure to thank all of the band members , past and present including Sherman , Navarro along D.H. Peligro ( whom he accidentally called H.R. Peligro ) and Arik Marshall for the contributions they brought to the band . At 32 , Klinghoffer was the youngest artist ever to be inducted into the hall of fame passing Stevie Wonder , who was 38 at the time of his induction . The band performed three songs ; `` By the Way '' , `` Give it Away '' and `` Higher Ground '' , which included Irons and Martinez on drums . It was the first time Kiedis and Flea had performed with Irons in 24 years and Martinez in 26 years . Near the end of the ceremony , the band was joined by George Clinton , Michael Hampton , Slash , Billie Joe Armstrong , Tre Cool , Ronnie Wood and Kenney Jones for a performance of `` Higher Ground '' . In 2012 , three of the band 's albums Blood Sugar Sex Magik , Californication , and By the Way were ranked among Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time ranked at 310 , 399 , and 304 respectively . The band released their book , Fandemonium on November 18 , 2014 . The book is dedicated to the band 's fans throughout the world . To promote the book , Kiedis , Flea and Smith did some in store book signings at Barnes & Noble in Los Angeles and New York . On November 20 , Kiedis appeared on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon sitting in the entire show with the Roots and performing some Chili Peppers songs while also promoting the book . Kiedis received the George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement , presented at the UCLA Spring Sing on May 16 , 2015 . Following his acceptance speech , he was joined on stage by Josh Klinghoffer for an acoustic performance of `` Otherside '' , `` If You Want Me to Stay '' ( a song the Chili Peppers had not performed in almost 30 years ) , and `` By the Way '' . Activism ( edit ) In 1990 , the band appeared in PSA ads for Rock the Vote , a non-profit organization in the United States geared toward increasing voter turnout in the United States Presidential Election among voters ages 18 to 24 . That same year Kiedis appeared in a television special where he discussed his love for the ocean and raising awareness for ocean pollution . Since their beginning , the band has been very outspoken about the environment , supporting various environmental causes and including their views of the environment in lyrics . The band was invited by the Beastie Boys and the Milarepa Fund to perform at the Tibetan Freedom Concert in June 1996 in San Francisco . They also performed at the June 1998 Washington DC concert as well . The concerts , which were held worldwide , were to support the cause of Tibetan independence . In September 2005 , the band performed `` Under the Bridge '' at the ReAct Now : Music & Relief benefit which was held to raise money for the victims of Hurricane Katrina . The live event , which was broadcast on various television states , raised $30 million . In July 2007 , the band performed on behalf of former U.S. Vice President Al Gore who personally invited the band to perform at the London version of his Live Earth concerts which were held to raise awareness towards global warming and solving the most critical environmental issues of our time . Gore said on getting the band to perform `` I was pushing and pushing them that no matter how difficult it was , that it was important . '' In October 2008 , Flea appeared in a Vote for Change ad voicing his support for Barack Obama for president of the United States in the upcoming election . The band performed a free concert in downtown Cleveland , Ohio on April 15 , 2012 in support of President Obama 's re-election campaign . The requirement for getting into the concert was agreeing to volunteer for the Obama 2012 phone bank . The event quickly met its capacity limit after being announced . On May 11 , 2013 , the band performed a special concert in Portland , Oregon for the Dalai Lama as part of the Dalai Lama Environmental Summit . According to the press release `` The musical element of this event is intended to be a display of joyful celebration and an inspiration to future generations to care for our planet . The Red Hot Chili Peppers have been great supporters of the Tibetan cause , of His Holiness the Dalai Lama , and of the need to work to protect and preserve our environment . '' The band , especially Flea , has been very outspoken towards guns and gun violence sometimes speaking out about the issue during the band 's concerts . In 2013 , on his Twitter page , Flea posted `` why anyone would ever want to own an automatic weapon I will never ever understand . it 's a pathetic useless concept for sick people . Automatic , semi automatic , I do n't care . I 'm against em ... Melt em all down turn em into sculptures there is no need for them on earth . in many countries the cops have no guns and they do perfectly fine . No civilians should be allowed to have guns . none. and i dont think the cops should have guns either . change the constitution . '' On January 10 , 2015 , the band performed their first show of the new year , for the Sean Penn & Friends Help Haiti Home fundraiser in support of the J / P Haitian Relief Organization . On September 18 , 2015 the band were among over 120 entertainers and celebrities to sign up and announce that they would be voting for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 presidential election . The band performed at a fundraiser event at the Belly Up Tavern in Solana Beach on September 27 , 2015 . The set featured a mixture of songs from the band 's more recent albums and older songs that have not been performed in over 15 years . The band previously performed at the 600 capacity venue in 1986 . The Fundraiser was in support of the nonprofit San Diego Foundation and tickets for the 21 and over show cost $1,000 of which $750 is tax deductible ) . All money was donated to A Reason To Survive ( ARTS ) , Heartbeat Music Academy , San Diego Young Artists Music Academy , and the Silverlake Conservatory of Music . On October 17 , 2015 , Kiedis and Flea hosted the annual benefit for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music . The band performed a special rare acoustic set and John Legend headlined the event which also includes dinner and a silent auction . Only 300 tickets were available costing $2,500 each . On February 5 , 2016 , the band headlined a fundraiser concert in support of presidential candidate Bernie Sanders . On April 13 , 2016 , the band performed at a private function on behalf of Facebook and Napster founder Sean Parker for his launch of The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy . On April 29 , 2016 , Chad Smith and Will Ferrell hosted the Red Hot Benefit Comedy + Music Show & Quinceanera . The benefit featured a performance by the Chili Peppers along with comedy acts selected by Ferrell and Funny or Die . A portion of the proceeds went to Ferrell 's Cancer for College and Smith 's Silverlake Conservatory of Music . On February 12 , 2018 , Smith once again joined Ferrell at his One Classy Night benefit at the Moore Theater in Seattle to help raise money for Cancer for College . The event raised $300,000 in college scholarship money for students who have survived cancer , and has raised 2.3 Million to date . On February 22 , 2018 , Flea wrote a passionate and revealing op - ed through Time magazine 's website about the current Opioid crisis and his own personal history of drug addiction . Flea , who has been very private about his past addictions , revealed that he finally got clean in 1993 however after breaking his arm following his 2015 snowboarding accident the temptations were there due to the Oxycontin painkillers prescribed by his doctor . `` I 've been around substance abuse since the day I was born . All the adults in my life regularly numbed themselves to ease their troubles , and alcohol or drugs were everywhere , always . I started smoking weed when I was eleven , and then proceeded to snort , shoot , pop , smoke , drop and dragon chase my way through my teens and twenties . Addiction is a cruel disease , and the medical community , together with the government , should offer help to all of those who need it . '' Musical style ( edit ) Techniques ( edit ) `` Fight Like a Brave '' `` Fight Like a Brave '' , the first single from The Uplift Mofo Party Plan , exemplifies the band 's typical punk and funk rock sound of the period , also marked by Anthony Kiedis ' rapping lyrics . The song is also notable for its backing vocals sung by football fans . `` Knock Me Down '' `` Knock Me Down '' , the second single from Mother 's Milk , exemplifies a stylistic divergence away from the band 's typical punk and funk rock into a more alternative territory . The track was originally intended to be a duet between guitarist John Frusciante and vocalist Anthony Kiedis but was mixed in a way that Frusciante 's voice is more prominent . `` Under the Bridge '' `` Under the Bridge '' , the second single from Blood Sugar Sex Magik , was a reflective and melodic composition , that would go on to become one of the defining songs of the 1990s . `` Ca n't Stop '' The third single from By the Way combined rapidly sung verses and textured , multi-layered guitar riffs . Frusciante sings backing vocals throughout . Problems playing these files ? See media help . Red Hot Chili Peppers ' musical style has been characterized under funk rock , alternative rock , funk metal and rap rock , with influences from hard , psychedelic and punk rock . The band 's influences include Defunkt , Parliament - Funkadelic , Jimi Hendrix , the Misfits , Metallica , James Brown , Gang of Four , Bob Marley , Big Boys , Bad Brains , Sly and the Family Stone , Ohio Players , Queen , Stevie Wonder , Elvis Presley , Deep Purple , the Beach Boys , Black Flag , Ornette Coleman , Led Zeppelin , Yes , Fugazi , Fishbone , Marvin Gaye , Billie Holiday , Santana , Elvis Costello , the Stooges , the Clash , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Devo , and Miles Davis . Kiedis provided multiple vocal styles . His primary approach up to Blood Sugar Sex Magik was spoken verse and rapping . Complemented with traditional vocals , he helped the band maintain a consistent style . As the group matured , notably with Californication ( 1999 ) the group reduced the number of rapped verses . By the Way contained only two rap - driven - verse / melodic chorus form . Kiedis ' more recent style was developed through ongoing coaching . Original guitarist Slovak 's style was strongly based on blues and funk . Slovak was primarily influenced by hard rock artists such as Jimi Hendrix , Kiss and Led Zeppelin . His playing method was highly based on improvisation , a style commonly used in funk music . He also was noted for his aggressive playing style ; he would often play with such force , that his fingers would `` come apart '' . Kiedis observed that his playing evolved during his time away from the group in What Is This ? , with Slovak adopting a more fluid style featuring `` sultry '' elements as opposed to his original hard rock techniques . On The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , Slovak experimented with genres outside of traditional funk music including reggae and speed metal . His guitar riffs would often serve as the basis of the group 's songs , with the other members writing their parts to complement his guitar work . His melodic riff featured in the song `` Behind the Sun '' inspired the group to create `` pretty '' songs with an emphasis on melody . Kiedis describes the song as `` pure Hillel inspiration '' . Slovak also used a talk box on songs such as `` Green Heaven '' and `` Funky Crime '' , in which he would sing into a tube while playing to create psychedelic effects . Frusciante 's musical style has evolved over the course of his career . His guitar playing employs melody and emotion rather than virtuosity . Although virtuoso influences can be heard throughout his career , he has said that he often minimizes this . Frusciante brought a melodic and textured sound , notably on Californication ( 1999 ) , By the Way ( 2002 ) and Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) . This contrasts with his previous abrasive approach in Mother 's Milk , as well as his dry , funky and more docile arrangements on Blood Sugar Sex Magik . On Californication ( 1999 ) and By the Way ( 2002 ) , Frusciante derived the technique of creating tonal texture through chord patterns from post-punk guitarist Vini Reilly of The Durutti Column , and bands such as Fugazi and The Cure . On By The Way , he wanted lead guitar to be something you could sing , his guitar playing was then influenced by John McGeoch of Siouxsie and the Banshees , Johnny Marr of The Smiths and Bernard Sumner of Joy Division . He initially wanted to take another direction and intended the record to be made up of `` these punky , rough songs '' , drawing inspiration from early punk artists such as The Germs and The Damned . However , this was discouraged by producer Rick Rubin , and he instead built upon Californication 's ( 1999 ) melodically driven style . During the recording of Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) , he moved away from his New Wave influences and concentrated on emulating flashier guitar players such as Hendrix and Van Halen . Navarro brought his own sound to the band during his tenure , with his style based on heavy metal , progressive rock and psychedelia . Current guitarist Klinghoffer 's style employs a wide range of his own unconventional guitar effects and vocal treatments . In his debut Chili Peppers album , I 'm With You ( 2011 ) , he focused heavily on producing a textured , emotional sound to complement the vocals and atmosphere of each song . He has stated that he is a huge fan of jazz and funk , which does express itself in many of the album 's tracks . Flea 's electric bass style can be considered an amalgamation of funk , psychedelic , punk , and hard rock . The groove - heavy , low - tuned melodies , played through either finger - picking , or slapping , contributed to their signature style . While Flea 's slap bass style was prominent in earlier albums , albums after Blood Sugar Sex Magik have more melodic and funk - driven bass lines . He has also used double stops on some newer songs . Flea 's bass playing has changed considerably throughout the years . When he joined Fear , his technique centered largely around traditional punk rock bass lines , however he was to change this style , when Red Hot Chili Peppers formed . He began to incorporate a `` slap '' bass style , that drew influence largely from Bootsy Collins . Blood Sugar Sex Magik saw a notable shift in style as it featured none of his signature technique but rather styles , that focused more on traditional and melodic roots . His intellectual beliefs , on how to play the instrument , were also altered : `` I was trying to play simply on Blood Sugar Sex Magik because I had been playing too much prior to that , so I thought , ' I 've really got to chill out and play half as many notes ' . When you play less , it 's more exciting -- there 's more room for everything . If I do play something busy , it stands out , instead of the bass being a constant onslaught of notes . Space is good . '' Drummer Smith blends rock with funk . He mixes funk , rock , metal and jazz to his beats . Influences include Buddy Rich to John Bonham . He brought a different sound to Mother 's Milk , playing tight and fast . In Blood Sugar Sex Magik , he displays greater power . He is recognized for his ghost notes , his beats and his fast right foot . MusicRadar put him in sixth place on their list of the `` 50 Greatest Drummers Of All Time '' , behind Mike Portnoy , Neil Peart , Keith Moon , Rich and Bonham . Lyrics and songwriting ( edit ) Through the years , Kiedis ' lyrics covered a variety of topics , which shifted as time progressed . Early in the group 's career , Kiedis wrote mostly comical songs filled with sexual innuendos as well as songs inspired by friendship and the band members ' personal experiences . However , after the death of his close friend and bandmate Hillel Slovak , Kiedis ' lyrics became much more introspective and personal , as exemplified by the Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) song `` Knock Me Down '' , which was dedicated to Slovak along with the Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) song , `` My Lovely Man '' . When the band recorded One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) Kiedis had turned to drugs once again , which resulted in darker lyrics . He began to write about anguish , and the self mutilating thoughts he would experience as a result of his heroin and cocaine addiction . The album also featured tributes to close friends the band lost during the recording process including Kurt Cobain on the song `` Tearjerker '' and River Phoenix , on the song `` Transcending '' . After witnessing Frusciante 's recovery from his heroin addiction , Kiedis wrote many songs inspired by rebirth and the meaning of life on Californication ( 1999 ) . He was also intrigued by the life lessons , that the band had learned , including Kiedis ' experience with meeting a young mother at the YMCA , who was attempting to battle her crack addiction while living with her infant daughter . On By the Way ( 2002 ) , Kiedis was lyrically influenced by love , his girlfriend , and the emotions expressed when one fell in love . Drugs also played an integral part in Kiedis ' writings , as he had only been sober since December 2000 . Tracks like `` This Is the Place '' and `` Do n't Forget Me '' expressed his intense dislike for narcotics and the harmful physical and emotional effects they caused him . Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) continued the themes of love and romance ; Kiedis stated , that `` love and women , pregnancies and marriages , relationship struggles -- those are real and profound influences on this record . And it 's great , because it was n't just me writing about the fact that I 'm in love . It was everybody in the band . We were brimming with energy based on falling in love . '' I 'm With You ( 2011 ) again featured Kiedis writing about the loss of a close friend this time in the song `` Brendan 's Death Song '' , a tribute to club owner Brendan Mullen who gave the band some of their earliest shows and showed support to them throughout their career . Themes within Kiedis ' repertoire include love and friendship , teenage angst , good - time aggression , various sexual topics and the link between sex and music , political and social commentary ( Native American issues in particular ) , romance , loneliness , globalization and the cons of fame and Hollywood , poverty , drugs , alcohol , dealing with death , and California . Members ( edit ) Main article : List of Red Hot Chili Peppers band members Current ( edit ) Anthony Kiedis -- lead vocals ( 1983 -- present ) , rhythm guitar ( 1992 -- 1998 ) Flea -- bass , backing vocals , trumpet , piano ( 1983 -- present ) Chad Smith -- drums , percussion ( 1988 -- present ) Josh Klinghoffer -- lead guitar , backing vocals , keyboards , bass ( 2009 -- present , touring musician 2007 ) Current touring musicians ( edit ) Chris Warren -- keyboards , drum synthesizer , percussion , occasional backing vocals ( 2007 -- present , drum technician since 1990s ) Nate Walcott -- keyboards , trumpet ( 2016 -- present ) Samuel Bañuelos III -- bass ( on `` Go Robot '' and `` Encore '' ) ( 2016 -- present , also assistant touring manager ) Former ( edit ) Hillel Slovak -- guitar , backing vocals , sitar ( 1983 , 1985 -- 1988 ; died 1988 ) Jack Irons -- drums , percussion , backing vocals ( 1983 , 1986 -- 1988 ) Jack Sherman -- guitar , backing vocals ( 1983 -- 1984 ) Cliff Martinez -- drums , percussion , backing vocals ( 1983 -- 1986 ) DeWayne McKnight -- guitar ( 1988 ) D.H. Peligro -- drums , percussion ( 1988 ) John Frusciante -- lead guitar , backing vocals , keyboards ( 1988 -- 1992 , 1998 -- 2009 ) Arik Marshall -- guitar , backing vocals ( 1992 -- 1993 ) Jesse Tobias -- guitar ( 1993 ) Dave Navarro -- lead guitar , backing vocals ( 1993 -- 1998 ) Former touring musicians ( edit ) Chuck Biscuits -- drums ( filled in for a few shows ) ( 1986 ) Keith Morris -- lead vocals ( replaced Kiedis for one show ) ( 1986 ) Keith `` Tree '' Barry -- saxophone , violin , backing vocals ( 1987 -- 1990 ) Rob Rule -- opening comedy act , roadie ( 1989 -- 1990 ) , backing vocals , additional guitar ( 1995 -- 1996 ) Rain Phoenix -- backing vocals ( 1995 -- 1996 ) Acacia Ludwig -- backing vocals ( 1995 -- 1996 ) Marcel Rodríguez - López -- congas , bongos , clavinet ( August 2006 -- January 2007 ) Mauro Refosco -- percussion ( 2011 -- 2014 ) Timeline ( edit ) Awards and nominations ( edit ) Main article : List of awards and nominations received by Red Hot Chili Peppers Discography ( edit ) Main articles : Red Hot Chili Peppers discography and list of recorded songs Studio albums ( edit ) The Red Hot Chili Peppers ( 1984 ) Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) Californication ( 1999 ) By the Way ( 2002 ) Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) I 'm with You ( 2011 ) The Getaway ( 2016 ) See also ( edit ) Rock music portal List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. alternative rock chart List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart List of best - selling music artists List of funk rock bands References ( edit ) Citations ( edit ) Jump up ^ Serba , John ( February 3 , 2014 ) . `` Red Hot Chili Peppers play Super Bowl 2014 : Anthony Kiedis ' mom is proud of performance '' . 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Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 162 Jump up ^ Mayhew , Malcolm ( March 11 , 1992 ) . `` Hit Parade '' . Chicago Tribune . Jump up ^ Hermione Hoby . `` Red Hot Chili Peppers : I 'm With You -- review Music The Observer '' . Theguardian.com . Retrieved April 19 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Jody Rosen ( June 2 , 2006 ) . `` The improbable rise of the Red Hot Chili Peppers '' . Slate Magazine . Retrieved January 26 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Lollapalooza 2012 : 10 Best and Worst of Day Two '' . Spin . Retrieved January 26 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Red Hot Chili Peppers Biography '' . Rolling Stone . June 28 , 2013 . Retrieved April 19 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Photos : Red Hot Chili Peppers , Sleigh Bells At Prudential Center '' . Cmj.com . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2018 . Retrieved April 19 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Greg Prato . `` Red Hot Chili Peppers '' . AllMusic . Retrieved January 26 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Shuker , Roy ( 2012 ) . Understanding Popular Music Culture . Routledge . p. 103 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 415 - 41906 - 2 . Jump up ^ Petridis , Alexis ( April 9 , 2012 ) . `` The top pop picks for spring '' . The Guardian . Jump up ^ `` Red Hot Chili Peppers : The Getaway Album Review -- Pitchfork '' . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Miers , Jeff ( September 19 , 2016 ) . `` Red Hot Chili Peppers to warm Buffalo in February '' . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 9 Red Hot Chili Peppers Songs That Do n't Suck '' . June 16 , 2016 . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Blackett , Matt ( September 1999 ) . `` Return of the Prodigal Son . '' Guitar Player . Jump up ^ `` The Stooges -- Classic US Punk '' . Punk77.co.uk . Retrieved September 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Saunalahti.fi '' setlists . `` Saunalahti.fi '' ( Red Hot Chili Peppers'site ) ) . Retrieved July 2 , 2016 . Setlist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' concert performing `` Christine '' ( a Siouxsie and the Banshees cover ) on August 19 , 2001 V2001 Hylands Park Chelmsford , Essex UK . Jump up ^ Red Hot Chili Peppers `` Christine '' ( Siouxsie and the Banshees ' cover ) V2001 festival . Youtube . Retrieved July 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Red Hot Chili Peppers -- The Interview part 4 '' . Jump up ^ Sutton , Michael . `` Anthony Kiedis Biography '' . Allmusic . Retrieved August 8 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Allmusic By the Way Album Review . Allmusic.com Jump up ^ Mullen , p. 21 ^ Jump up to : Sayers , Blaine ( July 23 , 2008 ) . `` Icons of Rock : Hillel Slovak '' . Consequence of Sound . Retrieved December 22 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Kiedis , p. 168 Jump up ^ Kiedis , p. 204 Jump up ^ Slovak , p. 12 Jump up ^ Kiedis , p. 112 Jump up ^ Kerrang ! Issue No. 21 ; pp. 76 -- 82 Jump up ^ `` Total Guitar Magazine interview with John Frusciante '' . Total Guitar . Retrieved May 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Hanson , Amy . `` Allmusic ; Mother 's Milk '' . Allmusic . Retrieved August 8 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Page , Scarlet ( July 2004 ) . `` Red Hot Chili Peppers : The LA Punks Who Defied Death , Grunge And A Burning Crack Den '' . Mojo . Jump up ^ Mitchell , Ed . `` Robert Johnson -- King of the Delta Blues Singers '' . Total Guitar . February 2006 . p. 66 Jump up ^ Ascott , Phil , `` Red Hot Chili Peppers '' , Total Guitar ( July 2006 ) Jump up ^ Apter 2004 , p. 329 Jump up ^ Gallori , Paolo ( 2006 ) . Intervista a John Frusciante ( TV interview ) . YouTube . Retrieved January 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine . `` One Hot Minute review '' . Allmusic . Retrieved August 1 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Prato , Greg . `` Flea Biography '' . Allmusic . Retrieved August 8 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Interview with Flea in 1988 '' . VPRO . Retrieved January 16 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Apter 2004 , p. 70 ^ Jump up to : Malandrone , Scott ( October 1995 ) . `` Flea Interview '' . Bass Player . Jump up ^ `` SABIAN Cymbals -- Chad Smith '' . Sabian.com . Retrieved September 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 50 greatest drummers of all time : part 2 '' . Musicradar.com . November 5 , 2009 . Retrieved September 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Apter 2004 , pp. 184 -- 190 Jump up ^ David Fricke . `` The Naked Truth '' . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2009 . Retrieved August 10 , 2007 . Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 265 -- 266 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 456 -- 465 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 433 Jump up ^ `` Tattooed Love Boys John Frusciante unofficial website -- Invisible Movement '' . Invisible-movement.net . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2013 . Retrieved February 14 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 264 -- 265 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 271 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 108 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 112 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 269 -- 270 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , p. 242 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 404 -- 405 Jump up ^ Kiedis & Sloman 2004 , pp. 418 -- 419 Jump up ^ `` Red Hot Chili Peppers Europe 1999 Tour '' . Ratsound.com . Retrieved April 19 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Remo + Chris Warren + Chad Smith + Quicklock Hi - Hat Clutch on YouTube Jump up ^ `` Chuck Biscuits '' . www.facebook.com . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . Bibliography ( edit ) Apter , Jeff ( November 23 , 2004 ) . Fornication : The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story . Omnibus Press . ISBN 1 - 84449 - 381 - 4 . Kiedis , Anthony ; Sloman , Larry ( October 6 , 2004 ) . Scar Tissue . Hyperion . ISBN 1 - 4013 - 0101 - 0 . Thompson , Dave ( September 1 , 2004 ) . Red Hot Chili Peppers -- By the Way : The Biography . Virgin Books . ISBN 0 - 7535 - 0970 - 9 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Hot Chili Peppers . Official website RHCP Live Archive RHCP Sessions Archive Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis Michael `` Flea '' Balzary Chad Smith Josh Klinghoffer Hillel Slovak Jack Irons Jack Sherman Cliff Martinez DeWayne McKnight D.H. Peligro John Frusciante Arik Marshall Jesse Tobias Dave Navarro Studio albums The Red Hot Chili Peppers Freaky Styley The Uplift Mofo Party Plan Mother 's Milk Blood Sugar Sex Magik One Hot Minute Californication By the Way Stadium Arcadium I 'm with You The Getaway EPs The Abbey Road E.P. 2011 Live EP Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP 2012 - 13 Live EP Live In Paris EP Single series I 'm with You Singles Collection Live releases Live in Hyde Park Official Bootlegs Cardiff , Wales : 6 / 23 / 04 Compilations Sock - Cess What Hits ! ? Live Rare Remix Box The Plasma Shaft Out in L.A. The Best of the Red Hot Chili Peppers Under the Covers : Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers Greatest Hits Road Trippin ' Through Time I 'm Beside You Videos Red Hot Skate Rock Psychedelic Sexfunk Live from Heaven Positive Mental Octopus Funky Monks What Hits ! ? Off the Map Live at Slane Castle Greatest Hits and Videos iTunes Originals -- Red Hot Chili Peppers Red Hot Chili Peppers Live : I 'm with You Red Hot Chili Peppers : Live From the Basement Tours 1983 Tour 1984 Tour Freaky Styley Tour The Uplift Mofo Party Tour Turd Town Tour Mother 's Milk Tour Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour Tour de La Sensitive One Hot Minute Tour Californication Tour 2001 Tour By the Way World Tour Roll on the Red Tour Stadium Arcadium World Tour I 'm with You World Tour 2013 / 2014 Tour The Getaway World Tour Related articles Articles Discography Videography Band members Songs Awards and nominations Scar Tissue An Oral / Visual History by the Red Hot Chili Peppers Fandemonium Woodstock 1994 Unearthed Silverlake Conservatory of Music `` Bedrock Anthem '' Bands What Is This ? Atoms for Peace Rocket Juice & the Moon Antemasque Chickenfoot Chad Smith 's Bombastic Meatbats Ataxia Dot Hacker The Process Jane 's Addiction Fear Eleven Pearl Jam The Weirdos Parliament - Funkadelic Dead Kennedys Thelonious Monster The Bicycle Thief The Latino Rockabilly War Aleka 's Attic The Mars Volta Gnarls Barkley Fishbone Circle Jerks Off ! The Meters Book Red Hot Chili Peppers singles discography The Red Hot Chili Peppers `` Get Up and Jump '' Freaky Styley `` Jungle Man '' `` Hollywood ( Africa ) '' The Uplift Mofo Party Plan `` Fight Like a Brave '' Mother 's Milk `` Higher Ground '' `` Knock Me Down '' `` Taste the Pain '' Blood Sugar Sex Magik `` Give It Away '' `` Under the Bridge '' `` Suck My Kiss '' `` Breaking the Girl '' `` If You Have to Ask '' One Hot Minute `` Warped '' `` My Friends '' `` Aeroplane '' `` Shallow Be Thy Game '' `` Coffee Shop '' Californication `` Scar Tissue '' `` Around the World '' `` Otherside '' `` Californication '' `` Road Trippin ' '' `` Parallel Universe '' By the Way `` By the Way '' `` The Zephyr Song '' `` Ca n't Stop '' `` Dosed '' `` Universally Speaking '' Stadium Arcadium `` Dani California '' `` Tell Me Baby '' `` Snow ( ( Hey Oh ) ) '' `` Desecration Smile '' `` Hump de Bump '' I 'm with You `` The Adventures of Rain Dance Maggie '' `` Monarchy of Roses '' `` Look Around '' `` Brendan 's Death Song '' The Getaway `` Dark Necessities '' `` Go Robot '' `` Sick Love '' `` Goodbye Angels '' What Hits ! ? `` Behind the Sun '' Greatest Hits `` Fortune Faded '' I 'm with You Sessions `` Strange Man / Long Progression '' `` Magpies on Fire / Victorian Machinery '' `` Never Is a Long Time / Love of Your Life '' `` The Sunset Sleeps / Hometown Gypsy '' `` Pink as Floyd / Your Eyes Girl '' `` In Love , Dying '' `` Catch My Death / How It Ends '' `` This Is the Kitt / Brave From Afar '' `` Hanalei / Open / Close '' Non-album singles `` Show Me Your Soul '' `` Soul to Squeeze '' `` Love Rollercoaster '' Other songs `` True Men Do n't Kill Coyotes '' `` Catholic School Girls Rule '' `` Me and My Friends '' `` For the Thrashers '' `` Good Time Boys '' `` Deck the Halls '' `` Circle of the Noose '' `` Yertle Trilogy '' `` Save the Population '' `` Charlie '' `` Havana Affair '' `` Did I Let You Know '' `` The Getaway '' Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Class of 2012 Performers Beastie Boys The Blue Caps The Comets The Crickets Donovan The Famous Flames Guns N ' Roses The Midnighters The Miracles Laura Nyro Red Hot Chili Peppers Small Faces / Faces Early influences Freddie King Non-performers ( Ahmet Ertegun Award ) Don Kirshner Award for Musical Excellence Cosimo Matassa Tom Dowd Glyn Johns BNF : cb13906096f ( data ) GND : 1237466 - 0 ISNI : 0000 0001 2290 0470 LCCN : n91119009 MusicBrainz : 8bfac288 - ccc5 - 448d - 9573 - c33ea2aa5c30 NDL : 01235009 NKC : xx0015467 NLA : 36009657 SUDOC : 083489126 VIAF : 135011681 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers&oldid=854702794 '' Categories : Red Hot Chili Peppers 1983 establishments in California Alternative rock groups from California American funk metal musical groups Brit Award winners Echo ( music award ) winners EMI Records artists Funk rock musical groups Grammy Award winners Kerrang ! Awards winners Musical groups established in 1983 Musical groups from Los Angeles Musical quartets Rap rock groups Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Warner Bros. Records artists Hidden categories : Pages using Timeline Wikipedia pending changes protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use mdy dates from September 2017 Use American English from September 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in American English Articles with hCards Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011 Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Boarisch Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Corsu Dansk Davvisámegiella Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Emiliàn e rumagnòl Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Ladino Latviešu Lietuvių Ligure Limburgs Luganda Lumbaart Magyar Македонски მარგალური Nederlands 日本 語 Napulitano Norsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Pangasinan Piemontèis Polski Português Qırımtatarca Română Русский Sardu Scots Seeltersk Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Tarandíne ไทย Türkçe Українська Vèneto Tiếng Việt Walon 粵語 中文 78 more Edit links This page was last edited on 13 August 2018 , at 05 : 54 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who plays guitar for the red hot chili peppers | ["Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock. When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer. Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.[1] In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.\n"] | ['Josh Klinghoffer'] | Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock. When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of many of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer. Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.[1] In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
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[question]: What is the name of the rock band that was formed in Los Angeles in 1983?
[answer]: The name of the rock band that was formed in Los Angeles in 1983 is Red Hot Chili Peppers. | What is the name of the rock band that was formed in Los Angeles in 1983? | The name of the rock band that was formed in Los Angeles in 1983 is Red Hot Chili Peppers. | 1 | 7.44166 | 19 | 169 | 1 |
26,379 | -713,079,703,492,342,400 | Web server | Web server - wikipedia Web server This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The inside and front of a Dell PowerEdge web server , a computer designed for rack mounting Web server refers to server software , or hardware dedicated to running said software , that can serve contents to the World Wide Web . A web server processes incoming network requests over the HTTP protocol ( and several other related protocols ) . Contents 1 Overview 2 History 3 Path translation 4 Kernel - mode and user - mode web servers 5 Load limits 5.1 Causes of overload 5.2 Symptoms of overload 5.3 Anti-overload techniques 6 Market share 6.1 July 2018 6.2 February 2017 6.3 February 2016 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Overview ( edit ) The primary function of a web server is to store , process and deliver web pages to clients . The communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ) . Pages delivered are most frequently HTML documents , which may include images , style sheets and scripts in addition to the text content . Multiple web servers may be used for a high traffic website ; here , Dell servers are installed together being used for the Wikimedia Foundation . A user agent , commonly a web browser or web crawler , initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so . The resource is typically a real file on the server 's secondary storage , but this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web server is implemented . While the primary function is to serve content , a full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients . This feature is used for submitting web forms , including uploading of files . Many generic web servers also support server - side scripting using Active Server Pages ( ASP ) , PHP , or other scripting languages . This means that the behaviour of the web server can be scripted in separate files , while the actual server software remains unchanged . Usually , this function is used to generate HTML documents dynamically ( `` on - the - fly '' ) as opposed to returning static documents . The former is primarily used for retrieving or modifying information from databases . The latter is typically much faster and more easily cached but can not deliver dynamic content . Web servers are not only used for serving the World Wide Web . They can also be found embedded in devices such as printers , routers , webcams and serving only a local network . The web server may then be used as a part of a system for monitoring or administering the device in question . This usually means that no additional software has to be installed on the client computer since only a web browser is required ( which now is included with most operating systems ) . History ( edit ) The world 's first web server , a NeXT Computer workstation with Ethernet , 1990 . The case label reads : `` This machine is a server . DO NOT POWER IT DOWN ! ! '' Sun 's Cobalt Qube 3 - a computer server appliance ( 2002 , discontinued ) In 1989 Sir Tim Berners - Lee proposed a new project to his employer CERN , with the goal of easing the exchange of information between scientists by using a hypertext system . The project resulted in Berners - Lee writing two programs in 1990 : A browser called WorldWideWeb The world 's first web server , later known as CERN httpd , which ran on NeXTSTEP Between 1991 and 1994 , the simplicity and effectiveness of early technologies used to surf and exchange data through the World Wide Web helped to port them to many different operating systems and spread their use among scientific organizations and universities , and subsequently to the industry . In 1994 Berners - Lee decided to constitute the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ) to regulate the further development of the many technologies involved ( HTTP , HTML , etc . ) through a standardization process . Path translation ( edit ) Web servers are able to map the path component of a Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) into : A local file system resource ( for static requests ) An internal or external program name ( for dynamic requests ) For a static request the URL path specified by the client is relative to the web server 's root directory . Consider the following URL as it would be requested by a client : http://www.example.com/path/file.html The client 's user agent will translate it into a connection to www.example.com with the following HTTP 1.1 request : GET / path / file. html HTTP / 1.1 Host : www.example.com The web server on www.example.com will append the given path to the path of its root directory . On an Apache server , this is commonly / home / www ( on Unix machines , usually / var / www ) . The result is the local file system resource : / home / www / path / file. html The web server then reads the file , if it exists , and sends a response to the client 's web browser . The response will describe the content of the file and contain the file itself or an error message will return saying that the file does not exist or is unavailable . Kernel - mode and user - mode web servers ( edit ) A web server can be either incorporated into the OS kernel , or in user space ( like other regular applications ) . Web servers that run in user - mode have to ask the system for permission to use more memory or more CPU resources . Not only do these requests to the kernel take time , but they are not always satisfied because the system reserves resources for its own usage and has the responsibility to share hardware resources with all the other running applications . Executing in user mode can also mean useless buffer copies which are another handicap for user - mode web servers . Load limits ( edit ) A web server ( program ) has defined load limits , because it can handle only a limited number of concurrent client connections ( usually between 2 and 80,000 , by default between 500 and 1,000 ) per IP address ( and TCP port ) and it can serve only a certain maximum number of requests per second ( RPS , also known as queries per second or QPS ) depending on : its own settings , the HTTP request type , whether the content is static or dynamic , whether the content is cached , and the hardware and software limitations of the OS of the computer on which the web server runs . When a web server is near to or over its limit , it becomes unresponsive . Causes of overload ( edit ) At any time web servers can be overloaded due to : Excess legitimate web traffic . Thousands or even millions of clients connecting to the web site in a short interval , e.g. , Slashdot effect ; Distributed Denial of Service attacks . A denial - of - service attack ( DoS attack ) or distributed denial - of - service attack ( DDoS attack ) is an attempt to make a computer or network resource unavailable to its intended users ; Computer worms that sometimes cause abnormal traffic because of millions of infected computers ( not coordinated among them ) XSS viruses can cause high traffic because of millions of infected browsers or web servers ; Internet bots Traffic not filtered / limited on large web sites with very few resources ( bandwidth , etc . ) ; Internet ( network ) slowdowns , so that client requests are served more slowly and the number of connections increases so much that server limits are reached ; Web servers ( computers ) partial unavailability . This can happen because of required or urgent maintenance or upgrade , hardware or software failures , back - end ( e.g. , database ) failures , etc. ; in these cases the remaining web servers get too much traffic and become overloaded . Symptoms of overload ( edit ) The symptoms of an overloaded web server are : Requests are served with ( possibly long ) delays ( from 1 second to a few hundred seconds ) . The web server returns an HTTP error code , such as 500 , 502 , 503 , 504 , 408 , or even 404 , which is inappropriate for an overload condition . The web server refuses or resets ( interrupts ) TCP connections before it returns any content . In very rare cases , the web server returns only a part of the requested content . This behavior can be considered a bug , even if it usually arises as a symptom of overload . Anti-overload techniques ( edit ) To partially overcome above average load limits and to prevent overload , most popular web sites use common techniques like : Managing network traffic , by using : Firewalls to block unwanted traffic coming from bad IP sources or having bad patterns HTTP traffic managers to drop , redirect or rewrite requests having bad HTTP patterns Bandwidth management and traffic shaping , in order to smooth down peaks in network usage Deploying web cache techniques Using different domain names to serve different ( static and dynamic ) content by separate web servers , e.g. : http://images.example.com http://www.example.com Using different domain names or computers to separate big files from small and medium - sized files ; the idea is to be able to fully cache small and medium - sized files and to efficiently serve big or huge ( over 10 - 1000 MB ) files by using different settings Using many internet servers ( programs ) per computer , each one bound to its own network card and IP address Using many internet servers ( computers ) that are grouped together behind a load balancer so that they act or are seen as one big web server Adding more hardware resources ( i.e. RAM , disks ) to each computer Tuning OS parameters for hardware capabilities and usage Using more efficient computer programs for web servers , etc . Using other workarounds , especially if dynamic content is involved Market share ( edit ) The LAMP ( software bundle ) ( here additionally with Squid ) , composed entirely of free and open - source software , is a high performance and high - availability heavy duty solution for a hostile environment Chart : Market share of all sites of major web servers 2005 - 2018 Further information on HTTP server programs : Category : Web server software July 2018 ( edit ) Below are the latest statistics of the market share of all sites of the top web servers on the Internet by W3Techs Usage of Web Servers for Websites . Product Vendor Percent Apache Apache 45.9 % nginx NGINX , Inc . 39.0 % IIS Microsoft 9.5 % LiteSpeed Web Server LiteSpeed Technologies 3.4 % GWS Google 1.0 % All other web servers are used by less than 1 % of the websites . February 2017 ( edit ) Below are the latest statistics of the market share of all sites of the top web servers on the Internet by Netcraft February 2017 Web Server Survey . Product Vendor January 2017 Percent February 2017 Percent Change Chart color IIS Microsoft 821,905,283 45.66 % 773,552,454 43.16 % - 2.50 red Apache Apache 387,211,503 21.51 % 374,297,080 20.89 % - 0.63 black nginx NGINX , Inc . 317,398,317 17.63 % 348,025,788 19.42 % 1.79 green GWS Google 17,933,762 1.00 % 18,438,702 1.03 % 0.03 blue February 2016 ( edit ) Below are the latest statistics of the market share of all sites of the top web servers on the Internet by Netcraft February 2016 Web Server Survey . Product Vendor January 2016 Percent February 2016 Percent Change Chart color Apache Apache 304,271,061 33.56 % 306,292,557 32.80 % 0.76 black IIS Microsoft 262,471,886 28.95 % 278,593,041 29.83 % 0.88 red nginx NGINX , Inc . 141,443,630 15.60 % 137,459,391 16.61 % - 0.88 green GWS Google 20,799,087 2.29 % 20,640,058 2.21 % - 0.08 blue Apache , IIS and Nginx are the most used web servers on the Internet . See also ( edit ) Server ( computing ) Application server Comparison of web server software HTTP compression Open source web application SSI , CGI , SCGI , FastCGI , PHP , Java Servlet , JavaServer Pages , ASP , ASP.NET , SAPI Variant object Virtual hosting Web hosting service Web container Web proxy Web service References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` What is web server ? ' '' . webdevelopersnotes. 2010 - 11 - 23 . Retrieved 2010 - 11 - 23 . External links ( edit ) RFC 2616 , the Request for Comments document that defines the HTTP 1.1 protocol Website management Concepts Overselling Web document Web content Web content lifecycle Web hosting service Web server Webmaster Website governance Web hosting control panels ( comparison ) AlternC cPanel DirectAdmin Domain Technologie Control GNUPanel H - Sphere i - MSCP InterWorx ISPConfig Kloxo Plesk Usermin Webmin Top - level domain registries Afilias CentralNic CIRA Donuts Neustar OVH Public Interest Registry Uniregistry Verisign Domain name managers and registrars AusRegistry CZ. NIC CNNIC DENIC DNPric.es DNS Belgium Domainz DreamHost Dynadot Enom Gandi GoDaddy Hover Infomaniak IPM Japan Registry Services Jimdo Melbourne IT Museum Domain Management Association Name.com Namecheap Network Solutions Net4 NIC México Register.com Tucows Uniregistry UK2 Web.com Wix.com Web content management system Document management system Wiki software Blog software BNF : cb124996255 ( data ) LCCN : sh95009237 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_server&oldid=854270405 '' Categories : Servers ( computing ) Web server software Website management Web development Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from January 2013 Articles needing additional references from March 2009 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Pages using RFC magic links Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans অসমীয়া Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto فارسی Français Gaeilge 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Қазақша Кыргызча Latviešu Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Олык марий Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 52 more Edit links This page was last edited on 10 August 2018 , at 03 : 39 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is an example of a web server | ['Apache, IIS and Nginx are the most used web servers on the Internet.\n'] | ['Apache'] | Apache, IIS and Nginx are the most used web servers on the Internet.
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[question]: What are the three most used web servers on the Internet?
[answer]: The three most used web servers on the Internet are Apache, IIS, and Nginx. | What are the three most used web servers on the Internet? | The three most used web servers on the Internet are Apache, IIS, and Nginx. | 1 | 7.434129 | 14 | 13 | 1 |
5,858 | -3,656,643,893,375,355,000 | My Hero Academia | My Hero Academia - wikipedia My Hero Academia This is the current revision of this page , as edited by WriterSmith ( talk contribs ) at 23 : 19 , 21 August 2017 . The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this version . Revision as of 23 : 19 , 21 August 2017 by WriterSmith ( talk contribs ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) Jump to : navigation , search My Hero Academia Cover of the first volume of My Hero Academia , featuring Izuku Midoriya and All Might 僕 の ヒーロー アカデミア ( Boku no Hīrō Akademia ) Genre Superhero , Science fantasy , Action , Comedy - drama Manga Written by Kōhei Horikoshi Published by Shueisha English publisher Madman Entertainment Viz Media Demographic Shōnen Imprint Jump Comics Magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump English magazine Weekly Shonen Jump Original run July 7 , 2014 -- present Volumes 14 ( List of volumes ) Manga My Hero Academia Smash ! ! Written by Kohei Horikoshi Illustrated by Hirofumi Neda Published by Shueisha English publisher Viz Media Demographic Shōnen Magazine Shōnen Jump + English magazine Weekly Shonen Jump Original run November 9 , 2015 -- present Volumes 2 Anime television series Directed by Kenji Nagasaki Written by Yōsuke Kuroda Music by Yuki Hayashi Studio Bones Licensed by Madman Entertainment ( former ) Universal / Sony Funimation Universal Pictures UK Original network JNN ( MBS ) ( Season 1 ) NNS ( ytv ) ( Season 2 ) English network Animax Asia Original run April 3 , 2016 -- present Episodes 33 ( List of episodes ) Game My Hero Academia : Battle for All Developer Dimps Publisher Bandai Namco Entertainment Platform Nintendo 3DS Released JP : May 19 , 2016 Manga Vigilante : My Hero Academia Illegals Written by Hiyuki Furuhashi Illustrated by Betten Court Published by Shueisha English publisher Viz Media Demographic Shōnen Magazine Shōnen Jump GIGA Shōnen Jump + Original run September 2016 -- present Volumes 1 Anime and Manga portal My Hero Academia ( 僕 の ヒーロー アカデミア , Boku no Hīrō Akademia ) is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014 , and 14 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format . The series has been licensed for English - language release by Viz Media , and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9 , 2015 . The story follows Izuku Midoriya , a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm , but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself , and is scouted by the world 's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training . The manga was adapted into an anime television series ; the first season aired from April 3 to June 26 , 2016 , and a second season premiered on April 1 , 2017 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Media 2.1 Manga 2.2 Anime 2.3 Video game 3 Reception 4 References 5 External links Plot ( edit ) Main article : List of My Hero Academia characters On an Earth - like world where people with superpowers known as `` Quirks '' ( 個性 , Kosei ) are the norm , Izuku Midoriya is a regular middle school student who has dreams of one day becoming a Hero ( ヒーロー , Hīrō ) despite being bullied by his classmates for not having a Quirk . After being the only one to try and save his childhood bully Katsuki from a Villain ( 敵 ( ヴィラン ) , Viran ) , the world 's greatest Hero All Might bestows upon him his own quirk `` One For All '' . The story follows Izuku 's entrance into U.A. High School ( 雄英 高校 , Yūei Kōkō ) , a school that cultivates the next generation of Heroes . Media ( edit ) Manga ( edit ) Main article : List of My Hero Academia chapters My Hero Academia is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi . It began its serialization in the manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump in July 2014 . As of June 2 , 2017 the series been collected into fourteen tankōbon volumes . The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Viz Media , who published the first volume on August 4 , 2015 . As the series is published in Japan , it is also released simultaneously in English digitally by Viz Media 's Weekly Shounen Jump . As of February 7 , 2017 , 8 volumes have been released . Anime ( edit ) Main article : List of My Hero Academia episodes On October 29 , 2015 , the series ' official Twitter announced that My Hero Academia would receive an anime adaptation produced by Studio Bones . With the anime announced , TOHOSHI Group registered the domain name `` heroaca.com '' as the anime 's website . The anime is directed by Kenji Nagasaki , written by Yōsuke Kuroda , and feature character designs by Yoshikiko Umakoshi and music composed by Yuki Hayashi . The anime premiered on MBS and other Japan News Network stations in ' Nichigo ' time slot at 5pm on Sundays in Japan . The opening theme is `` The Day '' , performed by Porno Graffitti and the ending theme is `` Heroes '' , performed by Brian the Sun . In March 2016 , Funimation Entertainment announced they had licensed the series for streaming services , home and broadcast release as well as obtaining the merchandise rights . It has also been licensed in the United Kingdom by Universal Pictures UK . A second season was announced in the Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine 's 30th issue of 2016 . It premiered on April 1 , 2017 on NTV and YTV , with the staff and cast from the first season returning to reprise their roles . Video game ( edit ) A video game based on the anime was announced in November 2015 . The game is developed by Bandai Namco Studios and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console , which was released in Japan on May 19 , 2016 . Reception ( edit ) It was nominated for the 8th Manga Taishō . Before the anime adaptation 's premiere , manga author Masashi Kishimoto praised Kōhei Horikoshi 's work , believing it would be a success overseas ; Horikoshi , meanwhile , has cited Kishimoto 's Naruto series as a primary source of inspiration . Volume 1 reached the 7th place on the weekly Oricon manga chart with 71,575 copies sold . It sold out almost immediately on its first printing . Volume 2 reached the 6th place , with 167,531 copies and , by January 18 , 2015 , had sold 205,179 copies . As of March 2017 , there were over 10 million copies of My Hero Academia in circulation . The story has been noted to take inspiration from elements in superhero comics , such as the aesthetics of its characters . Alex Osborn of IGN gave the anime series positive marks , saying `` The first season of My Hero Academia delivers thirteen episodes of fantastic action , elevated by a heartfelt story that 's wrapped around a core cast of memorable and relatable characters . '' Osborn went on to state that the villains were underdeveloped . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Official Shonen Jump website '' . Retrieved December 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia Anime to Air in MBS / TBS ' ' Nichigo ' Timeslot '' . Anime News Network . January 10 , 2016 . Retrieved January 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia Season 2 Anime to Air on NTV , YTV '' . Anime News Network . December 22 , 2016 . Retrieved December 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Exclusive : Animax Asia Airs Simulcast of My Hero Academia , Twin Star Exorcists '' . Anime News Network . March 28 , 2016 . Retrieved April 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Shonen Jump to Launch 4 Manga Series in Next 3 Issues '' . Anime News Network . June 25 , 2014 . Retrieved November 30 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Viz 's Shonen Jump Adds My Hero Academia '' . Anime News Network . Retrieved January 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia TV Anime Adaptation Confirmed '' . Anime News Network . October 29 , 2015 . Retrieved November 2 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` My Hero Academia Anime Gets 2nd Season '' . Anime News Network . June 23 , 2016 . Retrieved June 23 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Boku No Hero Academia TV Anime Adaptation Announced '' . OtakuTale . Retrieved November 5 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia TV Anime 's Main Staff Revealed '' . Anime News Network . Retrieved November 5 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia Anime 's 4th Promo Video Previews Animation '' . Anime News Network . February 28 , 2016 . Retrieved February 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Funimation Licenses My Hero Academia Anime '' . Anime News Network . March 8 , 2016 . Retrieved March 8 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` BBFC Lists My Hero Academia From Universal '' . Anime News Network . March 24 , 2017 . Retrieved March 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Green , Scott ( February 2 , 2017 ) . `` Latest `` My Hero Academia '' Anime Cast Addition And Plans Spotted `` . Crunchyroll . Retrieved February 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Sato ( November 18 , 2015 ) . `` My Hero Academia Game Announced For Nintendo 3DS '' . Siliconera . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia : Battle for All 3DS Game 's Play Videos Preview Characters '' . Anime News Network . April 4 , 2016 . Retrieved April 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 8th Manga Taisho Awards Nominates 14 Titles '' . Anime News Network . January 18 , 2015 . Retrieved January 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Naruto Cheers on My Hero Academia 's Deku '' . Anime News Network . April 2 , 2016 . Retrieved April 3 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Japanese Comic Ranking , November 3 -- 9 '' . Anime News Network . November 12 , 2014 . Retrieved November 30 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Up and Coming Manga Sold Out Immediately '' . December 1 , 2014 . Retrieved December 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ 週間 コミック ランキング 2015 年 01 月 19 日付 . Oricon Style ( in Japanese ) . Oricon . Retrieved January 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Japanese Comic Ranking , January 12 -- 18 '' . Anime News Network . January 21 , 2015 . Retrieved January 22 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` My Hero Academia Has Over 10 Million Copies in Print '' . Anime News Network . 31 March 2017 . Retrieved 31 March 2017 . Jump up ^ `` '' My Hero Academia '' Volume 1 Horikoshi Kohei ( daily cartoon guide ) `` . November 19 , 2014 . Retrieved December 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Osborn , Alex ( June 30 , 2016 ) . `` My Hero Academia : Season 1 Review '' . IGN . Retrieved July 16 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) Official anime website ( in Japanese ) Official page at Weekly Shōnen Jump ( in Japanese ) My Hero Academia ( manga ) at Anime News Network 's encyclopedia ( show ) Series currently running in Weekly Shōnen Jump Black Clover Boruto : Naruto Next Generations Food Wars ! : Shokugeki no Soma Gin Tama Haikyū ! ! Hinomaru Zumō Hunter × Hunter My Hero Academia One Piece Robot x LaserBeam The Disastrous Life of Saiki K . The Promised Neverland World Trigger ( show ) Weekly Shōnen Jump : 2010 -- 2019 2010 Oumagadoki Zoo Enigma 2011 Magico Stars Nisekoi 2012 Haikyū ! ! The Disastrous Life of Saiki K . Sensei no Bulge Assassination Classroom Cross Manage Food Wars ! : Shokugeki no Soma 2013 World Trigger Jaco the Galactic Patrolman 2014 Hinomaru Zumō My Hero Academia 2015 Black Clover Naruto Side Story : The Seventh Hokage and the Scarlet Spring 2016 Boruto : Naruto Next Generations The Promised Neverland 2017 Robot x LaserBeam ( show ) Works animated by Bones Television series Hiwou War Chronicles ( 2000 -- 2001 ) Angelic Layer ( 2001 ) RahXephon ( 2002 ) Wolf 's Rain ( 2003 ) Scrapped Princess ( 2003 ) Fullmetal Alchemist ( 2003 -- 2004 ) Mars Daybreak ( 2004 ) Kurau Phantom Memory ( 2004 ) Eureka Seven ( 2005 -- 2006 ) Ouran High School Host Club ( 2006 ) Jyu - Oh - Sei ( 2006 ) Ghost Slayers Ayashi ( 2006 -- 2007 ) Darker than Black ( 2007 ) Skull Man ( 2007 ) Soul Eater ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Nijū Mensō no Musume ( 2008 ) Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 ( 2009 ) Darker than Black : Gemini of the Meteor ( 2009 ) Heroman ( 2010 ) Star Driver ( 2010 -- 2011 ) Gosick ( 2011 ) No. 6 ( 2011 ) Un-Go ( 2011 ) Eureka Seven : AO ( 2012 ) Blast of Tempest ( 2012 -- 2013 ) Tenkai Knights ( 2013 -- 2015 ) Space Dandy ( 2014 ) Noragami ( 2014 ) Captain Earth ( 2014 ) Soul Eater Not ! ( 2014 ) Chaika - The Coffin Princess ( 2014 ) Chaika - The Coffin Princess : Avenging Battle ( 2014 ) Blood Blockade Battlefront ( 2015 ) Show by Rock ! ! ( 2015 ) Snow White with the Red Hair ( 2015 -- 2016 ) Noragami Aragoto ( 2015 ) Concrete Revolutio ( 2015 ) Concrete Revolutio : The Last Song ( 2016 ) My Hero Academia ( 2016 -- present ) Bungo Stray Dogs ( 2016 ) Show by Rock ! ! Short ! ! ( 2016 ) Mob Psycho 100 ( 2016 ) Show by Rock ! ! ♯ ( 2016 ) Blood Blockade Battlefront & Beyond ( 2017 ) OVAs / ONAs RahXephon Interlude : Her and Herself / Thatness and Thereness ( 2003 ) Wolf 's Rain ( 2004 ) Fullmetal Alchemist : Premium Collection ( 2006 ) Ayashi Divine Comedy ( 2007 ) Darker than Black : Beneath the Fully Bloomed Cherry Blossoms ( 2008 ) Xam 'd : Lost Memories ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Halo Legends ( animated sequence ) ( 2010 ) Darker than Black : Gaiden ( 2010 ) Chaika - The Coffin Princess ( 2015 ) Snow White with the Red Hair ( 2016 ) Blood Blockade Battlefront ( 2016 ) Bungo Stray Dogs ( 2017 ) Films Escaflowne ( 2000 ) Cowboy Bebop : The Movie ( 2001 ) RahXephon : Pluralitas Concentio ( 2003 ) Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie : Conqueror of Shamballa ( 2005 ) Sword of the Stranger ( 2007 ) Eureka Seven : Pocketful of Rainbows ( 2009 ) Towa no Quon ( film series ) ( 2011 ) Fullmetal Alchemist : The Sacred Star of Milos ( 2011 ) Un-Go episode : 0 Inga chapter ( 2011 ) Star Driver : The Movie ( 2013 ) Eureka Seven : Hi - Evolution ( film series ) ( 2017 -- 2019 ) Bungo Stray Dogs : Dead Apple ( 2018 ) Video games Robot Alchemic Drive ( 2002 ) Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel ( 2003 ) Fullmetal Alchemist 2 : Curse of the Crimson Elixir ( 2004 ) Fullmetal Alchemist 3 : Kami o Tsugu Shōjo ( 2005 ) Liberation Maiden ( 2012 ) Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright : Ace Attorney ( 2012 ) Phoenix Wright : Ace Attorney − Dual Destinies ( 2013 ) Persona 4 : Dancing All Night ( 2015 ) Category ( show ) Doroku / Nichigo timeslot Doroku ( 2002 - 2008 ) Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Fullmetal Alchemist Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny Blood+ Ghost Slayers Ayashi Toward the Terra Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Nichigo ( 2008 - 2017 ) Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 Mobile Suit Gundam 00 ( Season Two ) Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood Sengoku Basara II Star Driver Blue Exorcist Mobile Suit Gundam AGE Magi : The Labyrinth of Magic Space Battleship Yamato 2199 Magi : The Kingdom of Magic Haikyū ! ! The Seven Deadly Sins The Heroic Legend of Arslan Mobile Suit Gundam : Iron - Blooded Orphans My Hero Academia The Heroic Legend of Arslan : Dust Storm Dance The Seven Deadly Sins : Signs of Holy War Mobile Suit Gundam : Iron - Blooded Orphans ( Season Two ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Hero_Academia&oldid=796599803 '' Categories : Manga series 2014 manga 2015 manga 2016 anime television series 2016 manga 2017 anime television series Superhero anime and manga Action anime and manga Adventure anime and manga Comedy - drama anime and manga The Anime Awards winners Science fantasy anime and manga Supernatural anime and manga School anime and manga Superhero schools Anime series based on manga Shōnen manga Shueisha manga Bones ( studio ) Mainichi Broadcasting System shows Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation shows Funimation Viz Media manga Hidden categories : CS1 uses Japanese - language script ( ja ) CS1 Japanese - language sources ( ja ) Articles containing Japanese - language text Articles with Japanese - language external links Talk Article Talk More Contents About Wikipedia العربية Català Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Հայերեն Italiano ქართული Bahasa Melayu 日本 語 Português Русский Svenska ไทย Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 21 August 2017 , at 23 : 19 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does boku no hero academia anime come out | ["My Hero Academia (僕のヒーローアカデミア, Boku no Hīrō Akademia) is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014,[5] and 14 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format. The series has been licensed for English-language release by Viz Media, and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9, 2015.[6] The story follows Izuku Midoriya, a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm, but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself, and is scouted by the world's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training. The manga was adapted into an anime television series; the first season aired from April 3 to June 26, 2016,[7] and a second season premiered on April 1, 2017."] | ['April 1, 2017'] | My Hero Academia (僕のヒーローアカデミア, Boku no Hīrō Akademia) is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014,[5] and 14 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format. The series has been licensed for English-language release by Viz Media, and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9, 2015.[6] The story follows Izuku Midoriya, a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm, but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself, and is scouted by the world's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training. The manga was adapted into an anime television series; the first season aired from April 3 to June 26, 2016,[7] and a second season premiered on April 1, 2017. |
[question]: What is the name of the main character in My Hero Academia?
[answer]: The main character in My Hero Academia is Izuku Midoriya. | What is the name of the main character in My Hero Academia? | The main character in My Hero Academia is Izuku Midoriya. | 1 | 7.433453 | 10 | 152 | 1 |
7,169 | 2,573,169,506,682,460,000 | Shooting ranges in the United States | Shooting ranges in the United States - Wikipedia Shooting ranges in the United States hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article may contain too much repetition or redundant language . Please help improve it by merging similar text or removing repeated statements . ( December 2014 ) This article is written like a manual or guidebook . Please help rewrite this article from a descriptive , neutral point of view , and remove advice or instruction . ( December 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Main article : Shooting range There are shooting ranges in the United States open to the public , both indoor and outdoor . Both privately owned firearms or those rented from the shooting range may be used , depending on the range rules set by the owner . Ranges rent their own handguns and provide instruction in use of rental guns at shooting ranges by a range master or similar individual to help one to easily learn use of any rental firearm in just a few minutes . Major tourist destinations in gun - friendly U.S. States have such `` rental ranges '' to cater to the domestic and international tourists that want to try their hand at the shooting sports . Each shooting range facility in the United States is typically overseen by one or more range masters to ensure gun safety rules are always stringently followed . Contents 1 Specialized classes and licenses 2 Locations 2.1 Outdoor ranges 2.2 Indoor ranges 3 Common safety practices 4 Cost of shooting 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Specialized classes and licenses ( edit ) Typically , no license or advanced training beyond just firearm familiarization ( for rentals ) and range rules familiarization is usually required for using a shooting range in the United States ; the only common requirement is that the shooter must be at least 18 or 21 years old ( or have a legal guardian present ) , and must sign a waiver prior to shooting . Self - defense classes may be available for a fee at shooting ranges , covering firearm use in much more detail . Some ranges offer a class for concealed carry licenses , which are available in almost every state . Some states issue the license only after a short course , and in some courses are optional . Locations ( edit ) Shooting range near Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania In most states in the United States , there are numerous public - access shooting ranges , ranging for example from 144 in Florida with a population in excess of 18.2 million to 9 in Hawaii with a population of 1.3 million ( numbers taken as of October 2008 ) . Exceptions include cities in the states of Hawaii , California , Massachusetts , New York , New Jersey , Illinois , and Washington , DC , all known for gun control policies in general , where the numbers of ranges may be only one for every few hundred thousand people , or none at all , such as in the Washington , DC case . Throughout much of the rest of the United States , though , especially in areas where the dominant side of the gun politics debate leans towards gun rights , and where no license is usually required to own a handgun or rifle or shotgun , the typical number of ranges often surpasses one for every 100,000 residents . Of particular interest to international tourists interested in public access shooting ranges in the United States while on vacation , especially gun - friendly states include Kentucky , Tennessee , Florida , Alabama , Georgia , New Hampshire , Arizona , Nevada , Colorado , and Utah , among others . All of these states have publicly accessible shooting ranges with rental guns available at a modest fee . Ammunition costs for rental guns varies , of course , but 9 × 19mm Luger ( usually the cheapest service caliber round ) is often available for around $15 per 50 at sporting goods stores or slightly higher ( $18 -- 25 ) at most public access shooting ranges . Private or restricted - access shooting ranges are owned and used by police departments , private companies , private membership shooting clubs , and the military for qualification and / or continued firearms practice and training . These private ranges have more - specialized features not seen in public ranges , e.g. , large caliber rifle and automatic weapons ranges . There are several types of shooting ranges , each catering to different classes of firearms , and meeting different needs . Some are inside buildings ; others are outdoors and cover many acres . Outdoor ranges ( edit ) On a shotgun or trap range , the shooter aims to hit sporting clays or skeet that are mechanically - fired ( or in some cases , thrown by hand ) across an open field . These involve shooting clay disks also known as clay pigeons thrown in various ways . Both skeet and trap are Olympic sports ( or , more precisely , are disciplines of an Olympic sport that are contested in the Summer Olympics ) , and are practiced by many bird hunters to sharpen their marksmanship . On a rifle range , shooters typically fire at targets 100 - 300 yards ( 91 -- 275 meters ) or greater distance . Many rifle ranges feature mechanized steel targets that automatically reset upon being hit . Hunters in particular often use rifle ranges to calibrate or sight - in their rifles prior to hunting . On a handgun range , shooters fire semi-automatic pistols , revolvers , and sometimes pistol - caliber carbines or submachine guns at stationary targets along , or at the end of , a 15 - 100 yard ( 13 - 91 meter ) long lane . Most outdoor ranges have established strictly - followed procedures for ensuring that a range is either active ( `` hot '' ) or inactive ( `` cold '' ) . When everyone on the firing line agrees for the line to go hot , actions may be closed , magazines may be loaded , rounds may be chambered and firearms may be fired . When everyone on the firing line agrees for the line to go cold , magazines must be removed , firearms must be unloaded , actions opened , and all the firearms must be placed on tables . Only upon confirmation does the line actually go cold . Firearms may not be loaded or even touched when the line is cold . Outdoor shooting ranges are usually backed by a sandbagged barrier or specially - designed funnel - shaped traps to prevent bullets from ricocheting back at the shooters . Many older outdoor ranges only use an earthen berm , which is often composed of sand , and called the impact berm . Most outdoor ranges restrict the maximum caliber size , or have separate ranges devoted to use with rifles firing heavy caliber cartridges . Many outdoor ranges do permit the use of automatic weapons on specially adapted Class III weapons ranges . The largest problem currently with outdoor ranges is the lack of sufficient area behind and beside the impact berms . This area , usually called the Surface Danger Zone ( SDZ ) , is a fan - shaped area that extends lengthwise to the ultimate ballistic distance of the round fired . Outdoor ranges often use baffles to contain fired rounds within the range , and , with proper design can reduce the surface danger zone area . Guidelines for surface danger zones vary widely . The National Rifle Association maintains guidelines for range design , but often the U.S. military range design guidelines are more prescriptive , specific and easier to use . Targets using Tannerite are sometimes used for indicating long - range markmanship accuracy at high power rifle and full - auto outdoor ranges . Tannerite is a binary explosive that is not exploded unless hit with high - velocity rounds . Most pistol rounds will not set it off . Indoor ranges ( edit ) An estimated 16,000 to 18,000 indoor firing ranges are in operation in the United States . Indoor ranges differ in construction , depending on the type of weapons to be fired : On a rifle range , shooters typically fire pistol caliber carbines at targets 100 yards ( 91 meters ) distant . The common practice is to follow rules much like those required on outdoor ranges . On a handgun range , shooters fire semi-automatic pistols , revolvers , and ( sometimes ) submachine guns at stationary targets along , or at the end of , a 15 - 100 yard ( 14 - 91 meter ) long lane . Paper or cardboard targets are hung from a dummy or target holder positioned on a slide ; this arrangement allows the shooter to control the shooting distance and retrieve targets for inspection . The target is typically hung from a replaceable hanger attached to a mechanized or motorized assembly that can be placed at varying distances from the shooter , by means of an electrical switch or manual pulley system . Common range shooting distances are 5 yards ( 4.5 meters ) to 33 yards ( 23 -- 30 meters ) . Most ranges have minimum shooter - to - target distances , set by the range master , determined by safety considerations . Fees for using indoor public shooting ranges vary widely with local costs , but a typical rate starts at $10 per hour of use , with targets available at a modest charge . Additional fees usually will pertain to damaging target hangers , lights or baffles , up to damaging motors , which may cost as much as $200 , per incident . Unlike for outdoor ranges , or for indoor rifle ranges , indoor public handgun shooting ranges are usually run continuously `` hot '' . The only exception is if a target falls from a holder and needs to be retrieved . In this rather rare scenario , some ranges will go `` cold '' , after all firearms are placed on the firing line table with their actions open . Other ranges have a policy that no shooters may go forward of the firing line at any time , so the dropped target is considered lost and must be replaced . Indoor ranges usually have a projectile trap consisting of curved or angled steel plates , shredded rubber , or specially packed and groomed sand , with reinforced baffles attached to the ceiling and walls . The most modern ranges additionally include anechoic chamber technology ( foam wedges ) , or place other sound absorbing materials on walls , floors and ceilings for additional noise reduction . Such ranges also usually have an air - locked corridor for soundproofing , with doors at opposite ends of the corridor . Noise from the range is effectively contained as long as only one door is opened at a time ; it is considered a breach of etiquette to open both doors simultaneously . Ventilation is designed to be sufficient in quantity and directional control to reduce concentrations of lead in the air to safe levels in the shooting area . A small group of high volume indoor ranges are now using lead - free and frangible ammunition to create a safer and healthier shooting experience for consumers . The maximum caliber size is sometimes posted on the door of the airlock on each particular range , or in the lobby or ready area if the facility only contains one range . Most indoor ranges restrict the use of certain magnum calibers , or the use of automatic weapons , primarily to prevent damage to the facilities . Other ranges do not have a caliber restriction , but instead limit projectiles to a certain muzzle velocity , often 2000 feet per second , or bullet construction . Common safety practices ( edit ) Nearly all public ranges require that all firearms be unloaded prior to entering , or leaving , the range facility , irrespective of whether one holds a concealed carry license . The same is true for rental firearms leaving or returning to the rental counter , going to and from the shooting range . Whether indoors or outdoors , all shooters are required to wear safety glasses or goggles , although some ranges will allow impact - resistant corrective glasses as the only eye protection . Ear protection is mandatory either ear muffs or ear plugs , as long as one is within the defined boundaries of the range and the range is hot . For indoor ranges , these must be donned before going through the air lock door , and kept on as long as individuals are within the high noise area . Indoor ranges can introduce the risk of lead poisoning if they are not ventilated or cleaned properly . Lead dust in these facilities can be inhaled or can contaminate skin and clothing . The instructions of the appointed range master are to be followed at all times . Holster drawing , cowboy action shooting and combat - style shooting are not generally allowed , except on specially designated action shooting ranges , which often have additional safety requirements and equipment . Regular public ranges that do allow such shooting usually restrict the practice to designated persons , such as Law Enforcement , professional shooters , or others designated by range personnel . Cost of shooting ( edit ) If one brings one 's own firearms , ear and eye protection , it is often possible to buy a 50 - round box of 9 mm ammunition and target , rent an indoor lane for an hour , and enjoy shooting for under $50 in the United States . Fees for outdoor ranges are often even less , often running $6.50 for 3 hours of range time . Along with a 500 - round brick of . 22 LR ammunition that often costs less than $60.00 , it is possible on an outdoor range to enjoy an afternoon of shooting for under $70 . Firearm rental fees vary , depending on the model and caliber , but for a typical , non-exotic handgun , costs are only modestly higher . Hearing and eye protection rental fees are modest , often available for under $3 each . Shooting ranges that cater to foreign tourists interested in shooting handguns may have special package deals for under $20 for instruction , assistance , and shooting . Larger caliber firearms and automatic weapons are available for tourists at some ranges as well . Fees for renting larger caliber firearms are only modestly more , but rental fees for automatic weapons can rise quickly , to hundreds of dollars , depending on the number of rounds fired . For those interested in more heavy use of the local shooting range , annual memberships are available at many indoor U.S. shooting ranges . Both individual and family memberships are often available . Typical costs vary but annual membership is usually available for around $200 per person , or slightly more for an entire family . Such plans typically have unlimited usage of the range , unlike the typical 1 / 2 hour or 1 - , 2 - , or 3 - hour rental time slots when renting a shooting lane as an occasional shooter . For anyone shooting more than 8 - 10 times a year , annual membership is often cheaper than paying an hourly rate . For the more exotic outdoor sporting club private ranges , annual membership in the NRA is usually mandatory . It is worth noting that there are many unsupervised outdoor ranges on public land in the U.S. where shooting is free and unfettered . See also ( edit ) Shooting ranges in Norway Shooting ranges in Switzerland Shooting sports Gun politics in the United States Schützenverein References ( edit ) `` The United States Department of Game and Fish ; also located on Wikipedia ; provides sighting in ranges for firearms in all 50 states depending on the type of weapon and season of hunting . Firearms are weapons and not to be confused with anything but a tool ; regardless of politics ; governed by federal regulations under both the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco and Firearms as well as Game and Fish Departments '' This posting is of original nature ; supporting the previous posting , however for further reference regarding this disputed issue , a citizen should reference the appropriate legal authority . www.atf.gov `` United States Department of Alcohol , Tobacco and Firearms '' www.yourstate.gov `` ENTER YOUR STATE '' for appropriate local regulations and range and availability nationwide . www.doi.gov `` United States Department of Interior '' for additional National references and guides when traveling . ^ Jump up to : `` Places to Shoot '' . National Rifle Association . Retrieved 2008 - 10 - 27 . ^ Jump up to : Kardous , Chucri . Take Aim at Protecting Yourself : Solutions for Preventing Lead Poisoning and Hearing Loss at Indoor Firing Ranges . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . May 18 , 2009 . External links ( edit ) Health and Safety : Indoor Firing Ranges . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shooting_ranges_in_the_United_States&oldid=851689070 '' Categories : Shooting ranges Shooting ranges in the United States Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from December 2014 All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing style editing from December 2014 All articles needing style editing Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Slovenščina Edit links This page was last edited on 23 July 2018 , at 23 : 30 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how old do you have to be to go to a gun range in massachusetts | ['Typically, no license or advanced training beyond just firearm familiarization (for rentals) and range rules familiarization is usually required for using a shooting range in the United States; the only common requirement is that the shooter must be at least 18 or 21 years old (or have a legal guardian present), and must sign a waiver prior to shooting.\n'] | ['at least 18 or 21 years old (or have a legal guardian present)'] | Typically, no license or advanced training beyond just firearm familiarization (for rentals) and range rules familiarization is usually required for using a shooting range in the United States; the only common requirement is that the shooter must be at least 18 or 21 years old (or have a legal guardian present), and must sign a waiver prior to shooting.
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[question]: What is the minimum age to use a shooting range in the United States?
[answer]: The minimum age to use a shooting range in the United States is typically 18 or 21 years old, depending on the range's rules and local laws. | What is the minimum age to use a shooting range in the United States? | The minimum age to use a shooting range in the United States is typically 18 or 21 years old, depending on the range's rules and local laws. | 1 | 7.419209 | 27 | 59 | 1 |
29,018 | -7,807,810,135,587,180,000 | Everybody Wants to Rule the World | Everybody Wants to Rule the World - wikipedia Everybody Wants to Rule the World `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' Single by Tears for Fears from the album Songs from the Big Chair B - side `` Pharaohs '' Released 1985 Format CD 7 '' 10 '' 12 '' Genre New wave Length 4 : 11 Label Phonogram ( UK ) Mercury ( US ) Vertigo ( Canada ) Songwriter ( s ) Roland Orzabal Ian Stanley Chris Hughes Producer ( s ) Hughes Tears for Fears singles chronology `` Shout '' ( 1984 ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( 1985 ) `` Head over Heels '' ( 1985 ) Music video `` Everybody Wants To Rule The World '' on YouTube `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' is a song recorded by English band Tears for Fears . It was written by Roland Orzabal , Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes with production handled by Hughes . The song was released in 1985 by Phonogram , Mercury and Vertigo Records as the third single from their second album , Songs from the Big Chair ( 1985 ) . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' is a new wave song with frowning guitar chords , descending keyboards and distressed vocals in its production . Its lyrics detail the desire humans have for control and power and centers on themes of corruption . Music critics praised `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' in their retrospective reviews , with some including the song in their respective decade lists . It is regarded as the group 's signature song , along with `` Shout '' ( 1984 ) . Commercially , the song garnered success on charts internationally , peaking at number two in Ireland and the United Kingdom and at number one in Canada , New Zealand and on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was certified gold by both Music Canada ( MC ) and the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Nigel Dick directed the song 's accompanying music video which received promotion from MTV . It shows the group 's lead singer , Curt Smith riding an antique Austin - Healey 3000 sports car around various locations in Southern California intercut with shots of the band performing the song in a studio . In 1986 , the song won `` Best Single '' at the Brit Awards . The group re-recorded the song as a charity single for the Sport Aid campaign . New Zealand singer Lorde recorded a cover of the song which was included in the soundtrack for The Hunger Games : Catching Fire ( 2013 ) and Ready Player One . Contents 1 Background and recording 2 Production and release 3 Composition and lyrical interpretation 4 Reception 5 Commercial performance 6 B - side : `` Pharaohs '' 7 Music video 8 Formats and track listings 9 Credits and personnel 10 Charts and certifications 10.1 Weekly charts 10.2 Year - end charts 10.3 Certifications and sales 11 Covers and re-releases 11.1 Everybody Wants to Run the World 11.2 Lorde version 12 See also 13 References 14 External links Background and recording ( edit ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was written by Roland Orzabal , Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes with production handled by the latter . It was revealed that the song was a `` last - minute '' addition during recording sessions of Songs from the Big Chair ( 1985 ) . The decision to include the song in the album came after Orzabal played two chords on his acoustic guitar for Hughes . It was recorded in two weeks and later added as the final track on the album . According to Orzabal , he initially regarded the song as a lightweight that would not fit with the rest of the album . In an interview with Mix magazine , Hughes admitted that `` as a piece of recording history , ( the song is ) bland as hell . '' The lyrics of the song were originally `` everybody wants to go to war '' , which Orzabal felt was lackluster . However , Hughes convinced Orzabal to record it , in a calculated effort to gain American chart success . Orzabal acknowledged that the shuffle beat used in the song was `` alien '' to their way of writing music , stating it was `` jolly rather than square and rigid in the manner of `` Shout '' , but it continued the process of becoming more extrovert . '' Curt Smith , the group 's lead singer , mentioned the concept of the song was `` quite serious -- it 's about everybody wanting power , about warfare and the misery it causes . '' Production and release ( edit ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was co-written by Roland Orzabal , Ian Stanley and Chris Hughes , with production from the latter . Instrumentation was handled by Orzabal , who played guitar and keyboards , Curt Smith played bass guitar while Stanley played keyboards and used LinnDrum programming . Stanley and Manny Elias utilized the Oberheim DMX drum machine with Elias playing drums . Additional credits includes Hughes , who is credited with MIDI programming , the Oberheim DMX drum machine and drums , Neil Taylor , with the song 's second guitar solo and Dave Bascombe with engineering . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was released in 1985 through Phonogram , Mercury and Vertigo Records as the third single from the band 's second album , Songs from the Big Chair . The song was released for sale ( as a 7 - inch , 10 - inch and 12 - inch vinyl set ) which included its B - side , interviews from the band and different versions of the song . To accommodate the vinyl release , a CD video set was also distributed and included the song 's music video along audios of bonus tracks . Composition and lyrical interpretation ( edit ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' A sample of `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' , a new wave song with lyrics detailing the human desire for power as well as corruption . Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' is a new wave song with frowning guitar chords , descending keyboards and distressed vocals in its production . The song is set in the key of D major with a time signature and a tempo of 112 beats per minute . The band stated that the driving shuffle rhythm was influenced by Simple Minds ' 1983 song `` Waterfront '' . Its lyrics detail the desire humans have for control and power . Tal Rosenberg of Pitchfork described the song as having a `` twinkling synth '' along with a `` spider - like guitar '' at the beginning of the track as well as a `` snappy '' instrumental leading to the first verse , a shuffling dream - like beat , a `` galvanizing '' bridge , a moody instrumental passage , a shift in melody in another verse and two guitar solos . Pitchfork stated that the song 's lyrics can be applied in different scenarios such as the environment ( `` Turn your back on mother nature '' ) , short - lived financial success ( `` Help me make the most of freedom and of pleasure / Nothing ever lasts forever '' ) , dictatorial rule ( `` Even while we sleep / We will find you '' ) , and the Cold War ( `` Holding hands while the walls come tumbling down '' ) . The group revisited the song and its message in an interview with Yahoo ! Music , stating that the song 's themes were `` just as poignant '' as they were when they first wrote it . They mentioned that they discussed the Cold War with `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' and Songs from the Big Chair but that was the `` U.S. and Russia then , and now the concern is more with the U.S. and ( North ) Korea . '' Marc Ambinder from The Atlantic used the lyrics `` Say that you 'll never , never , never need it / One headline , why believe it ? / Everybody wants to rule the world '' in his article about the United States government 's use of `` original classified authority '' and the abuse of power between the branches of government . Reception ( edit ) Consequence of Sound editor Michael Roffman praised the group for being able to produce a `` timeless and influential composition '' with minimal effort . Roffman also noted that `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was appropriate when it was first time , calling it a `` meditative commentary on an era that was so corrupt economically and spiritually . '' AllMusic 's Stanton Swihart expressed in his retrospective review that the group `` perfectly captured the zeitgeist of the mid - ' 80s while impossibly managing to also create a dreamy , timeless pop classic . '' Pitchfork called it a song with `` near - universal appeal '' , as well as a staple for `` classic - rock radio , pharmacies , bars , and parties . '' In their review for the best albums of the 1980s , Eric Henderson from Slant Magazine stated that the song `` seems like one of the great indictments of the materialism and false triumphalism of the decade . '' `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was voted voted the 25th best single in The Village Voice 's Pazz & Jop critics ' poll for 1985 with 17 points , sharing the spot with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers ' `` Do n't Come Around Here No More '' ( 1985 ) and Sade 's `` Smooth Operator '' ( 1984 ) . Pitchfork placed the song at number 82 on their list for the best songs of the 80s expressing that `` underneath the synth - pop sheen , its vague message '' and its lesson in how power - driven society could be , the song was able to reach `` Reagan and Margaret - era youth fed up with political greed . '' Kevin Korber from Spectrum Culture ranked the song at 24 on his 80s decade list , calling the song a `` testament to how much of a free - for - all the pop landscape was in the 1980s . '' Korber dismissed the song 's vague lyrics but praised its complex melodic structure , saying it was `` both the perfect representation of its time and a timeless composition . '' Treble included the song at number 49 on their decade list . In 1986 , the song won `` Best Single '' at the Brit Awards . Band member and co-writer Roland Orzabal argued that the song deserved to win the Ivor Novello International Hit of the Year award , claiming that the winner -- `` 19 '' by Paul Hardcastle -- was not an actual song , but only a `` dialogue collage '' . In 2015 , 30 years after its release , the song was honoured at the annual BMI Awards in London for achieving 6 million radio airplays . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' is regarded as the group 's signature song , along with `` Shout '' ( 1984 ) . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' was banned for broadcast by the BBC during the duration of the first Gulf War ( 2 August 1990 -- 28 February 1991 ) due to the song 's political themes . Commercial performance ( edit ) In the United Kingdom , `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' debuted at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart , in the issue dated 24 March 1985 . On the week of 14 April 1985 , the song peaked at number two , behind the charity single `` We Are the World '' ( 1985 ) recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists ( USA ) for Africa . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' received a gold certification by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) on 13 April 2018 for 500,000 sales . The song peaked at number three in Belgium and at number two in both the Netherlands and Ireland . In Canada , the song reached the number one spot , earning a gold certification from Music Canada ( MC ) for 40,000 sales shipments on 1 May 1985 . In Australia , the song reached the number two position . On the report dated 19 May 1985 , the song debuted at number four on the New Zealand Top 40 Singles chart ; it would later peak at number one . It was certified Gold by the Recorded Music NZ ( RMNZ ) for sales of 10,000 . In the United States , `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' debuted at number 70 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the issue dated 16 March 1985 . On the week of 27 April 1985 , the song rose to number 18 . On the week of 8 June 1985 , the song moved 2 - 1 , replacing Wham ! 's `` Everything She Wants '' ( 1984 ) as the number one on the chart ; it would spent a total of two weeks in this position . The song was a commercial success in other American markets , peaking at number two on the Adult Contemporary and Top Rock Tracks and charting at number one on the Hot Dance Club Play , Hot Dance Music / Maxi - Singles Sales and Cash Box charts . B - side : `` pharaohs '' ( edit ) `` Pharoahs '' uses a 1984 recording of Brian Perkins reading a shipping forecast on various North Sea locations ( pictured ) `` Pharaohs '' is the B - side to the `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' single . It samples a recording of BBC Radio 4 announcer Brian Perkins reading the Shipping Forecast for the North Sea region of the United Kingdom . The title of the song has an identical enunciation to the Faroe Islands ( `` Faroes '' ) , one of the places referenced in the forecast . Orzabal , Ian Stanley , Curt Smith and Hughes share writing credits . `` Pharaohs '' is included on the Groove Armada compilation album Back to Mine ( 2000 ) . Chris Hughes wrote about the song in the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic , saying : No matter how horrifying the conditions may really be , the voice reading the shipping forecast is deliberately calm and relaxed . Recorded at the Wool Hall for the B - side of ' Everybody ' in a calm and relaxed way . `` Pharaohs '' shipping forecast read by Brian Perkins : There are warnings of gales in Viking , Forties , Cromarty , Forth , Fisher , Dover , Wight , Portland , Plymouth , Finisterre , Sole , Lundy , Fastnet , Shannon , Rockall , Malin , Hebrides , Bailey , Fair Isle , Faroes and Southeast Iceland . The general synopsis at one eight double - O : low just north of Viking , nine double - seven , moving steadily east - northeast . Low 300 miles south of Iceland . Atlantic low forming , moving steadily northeast . A ridge of high pressure has swayed between North and South Utsire . The area forecast for the next twenty - four hours . Viking , Forties , Cromarty , Forth . Music video ( edit ) The roadside attraction Cabazon Dinosaurs ( pictured ) is shown briefly in the video . The promotional clip for `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' , filmed in early 1985 , was directed by music video producer Nigel Dick . It was filmed in Las Vegas , Los Angeles , a desert in Southern California , the Salton Sea and Cabazon as well as a London studio . Curt Smith admitted to Pitchfork that video shoot was a `` disaster '' ; director Nigel Dick was `` in tears '' on the second night of shooting . Smith also mentioned that there was an accident while filming the `` dirt bikes and four - wheel off - road vehicles '' scene , with one child flying out of a vehicle and smashing his head , leaving him unconscious . The video begins with Smith driving an antique Austin - Healey 3000 sports car while a toddler shoots an unloaded gun in Smith 's direction . The car is then seen driving through a desert , this scene is intercut with the band performing the song in a studio . Smith parks the car at the Wheel Inn diner while he makes a call from a telephone booth ; the camera pans to show a statue of a man riding a horse nearby . Smith leaves the booth in the car from the previous scene singing the song 's lyrics . The following scene shows two black men in suits performing synchronized dance movements in front of two gas pump stations . An overhead shot of people riding dune buggies through sand dunes is also shown . The video ends with Smith in the same sand dune singing with black sunglasses . The music video promoted the group in America , due to `` heavy rotation '' on the music video channel MTV . HuffPost editor Daryl Deino ranked the video at number three on their year - end list for best music videos of 1985 stating that the video `` represents pure Americana as it was in 1985 '' . Deino also mentioned that the video `` proves that at times , artists were able to do so much with so little . '' Formats and track listings ( edit ) 7 `` : Mercury / IDEA 9 ( UK ) A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' -- 4 : 11 B. `` Pharaohs '' -- 3 : 42 Double 7 '' Special Limited Edition : Mercury / IDEA 99 ( UK ) A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' -- 4 : 11 B. `` Pharaohs '' -- 3 : 42 A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( Urban Mix ) '' -- 6 : 06 B. `` Roland & Curt Interviewed '' -- 7 : 30 10 `` : Mercury / IDEA 910 ( UK ) A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' -- 4 : 11 B. `` Pharaohs '' -- 3 : 42 12 `` : Mercury / IDEA 912 ( UK ) A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( Extended Version ) '' -- 5 : 43 B1 . `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( 7 '' Version ) '' -- 4 : 11 B2 . `` Pharaohs '' -- 3 : 42 Urban Mix 12 `` : Mercury / IDEA 912 ( UK ) A. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( Urban Mix ) '' -- 6 : 06 B. `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( Instrumental ) '' -- 4 : 26 CD Video : Mercury / 080 032 - 2 ( UK , PAL ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( Audio ) -- 4 : 10 `` The Marauders '' ( Audio ) -- 4 : 13 `` When In Love With a Blind Man '' ( Audio ) -- 2 : 22 `` Pharaohs '' ( Audio ) -- 3 : 39 `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( Video ) -- 4 : 41 CD Video : Mercury / 870 745 - 2 ( US , NTSC ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( Audio ) -- 4 : 10 `` The Marauders '' ( Audio ) -- 4 : 13 `` When In Love With a Blind Man '' ( Audio ) -- 2 : 22 `` Pharaohs '' ( Audio ) -- 3 : 39 `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( Video ) -- 4 : 41 Credits and personnel ( edit ) Credits adapted from the liner notes of Saturnine Martial & Lunatic . Tears for Fears Roland Orzabal -- guitar , keyboards , vocals Curt Smith -- bass guitar , lead vocals Ian Stanley -- keyboards , LinnDrum programming mixed with synth claps / claps and Simmons drums / synth drums , Oberheim DMX Manny Elias -- drums , Oberheim DMX Additional personnel Neil Taylor -- second guitar solo Chris Hughes -- producer , drums , Oberheim DMX , MIDI programming Dave Bascombe -- engineer Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1985 - 1986 ) Peak position Australia ( Kent Music Report ) Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) 19 Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) Canada ( The Record ) Canada Adult Contemporary ( RPM ) Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) France ( SNEP ) 18 Germany ( Official German Charts ) 11 Ireland ( IRMA ) Italy ( FIMI ) 11 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) South Africa ( Springbok Radio ) 14 Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) 13 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) US Billboard Adult Contemporary US Billboard Hot 100 US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play US Billboard Hot Dance Music / Maxi - Singles Sales US Billboard Top Rock Tracks US Cash Box Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1985 - 1986 ) Rank Australia ( Kent Music Report ) 36 Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) 31 Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) 19 Italy ( FIMI ) 86 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) 20 Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) 31 New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 9 UK Singles ( Official Single Chart ) 24 US Billboard Hot 100 7 US Cash Box Certifications and sales ( edit ) Region Certification Certified units / Sales Canada ( Music Canada ) Gold 50,000 New Zealand ( RMNZ ) Gold 10,000 United Kingdom ( BPI ) Gold 500,000 sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone Covers and re-releases ( edit ) Other artists have recorded or performed versions of `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . American singer Gloria Gaynor recorded a cover of the song for her twelfth studio album , The Power of Gloria Gaynor ( 1986 ) . Ken Boothe also released a reggae version of the song that appeared on a compilation album titled The Tide Is High -- ReggaeRocks A Tribute to Rock ' N ' Roll ( 2001 ) . American hip hop artist Nas sampled the guitar riff from `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' on his 2001 song `` Rule '' . American jazz trio The Bad Plus recorded a version of the song from their 2007 album , Prog . It was also covered by American singer Patti Smith and released on her tenth studio album , Twelve ( 2007 ) . American rock band Ted Leo and the Pharmacists performed a cover of the song on The A.V. Club 's `` Undercover '' series on 16 March 2010 . American multi-instrumentalist Mayer Hawthorne released a `` retrofit ' 60s R&B '' cover of the song . Everybody Wants to Run the World ( edit ) `` Everybody Wants to Run the World '' Single by Tears for Fears Released 1986 Format 7 '' 12 '' Length 4 : 30 Label Phonogram Mercury Songwriter ( s ) Roland Orzabal Ian Stanley Chris Hughes Producer ( s ) Tears for Fears Tears for Fears singles chronology `` I Believe ( A Soulful Re-Recording ) '' ( 1985 ) `` Everybody Wants to Run the World '' ( 1986 ) `` Mothers Talk '' ( 1986 ) `` Everybody Wants to Run the World '' is a re-recording of the band 's song `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . The reworked single was released in 1986 as the theme song for the Sport Aid campaign , a charitable event held to raise money for famine relief in Africa . The group did not attend the event , saying , `` Geldof announced we were playing . He did n't ask us . I was pissed off . We went on holiday . '' It was a success in the UK Singles Chart , becoming the band 's sixth top 5 hit , peaking at number 5 in June 1986 . The song also reached number 4 in Ireland . Chart ( 1986 ) Peak position Ireland ( IRMA ) UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 5 Lorde version ( edit ) `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' Song by Lorde from the album The Hunger Games : Catching Fire Released 2013 Length 2 : 35 Label Republic Mercury Songwriter ( s ) Roland Orzabal Ian Stanley Chris Hughes The Hunger Games : Catching Fire track listing 12 tracks `` Atlas '' `` Silhouettes '' `` Elastic Heart '' `` Lean '' `` We Remain '' `` Devil May Cry '' `` Who We Are '' `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World `` Gale Song '' `` Mirror '' `` Capitol Letter '' `` Shooting Arrows at the Sky '' New Zealand singer Lorde recorded a cover of the song for the soundtrack of The Hunger Games : Catching Fire ( 2013 ) . The cover was produced by Peter Shurkin and Natalie Baartz with arrangement by Michael A. Levine and Lucas Cantor . It was later used in the cinematic trailer of Assassin 's Creed Unity at E3 2014 , which celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of the Creative Assembly 's Total War video game series , promotional videos for the BBC First network , and the 2015 BBC TV series Banished . It was also used during season 4 of Homeland . Orzabal praised Lorde for reinventing the cover , stating that the group finds it interesting when artists take what they do and reinterpret it . Critics were positively receptive to the cover , some praised it for its darker atmosphere mood although others criticized it for stripping away the song 's original upbeat composition . David Haglund from Slate stated that while the song `` does n't top the great original , it does memorably reinvent it . '' Sam Lansky from Idolator called the cover `` haunting and melodramatic '' . Conversely , Stereogum editor Nate Patrin criticized the chorus and production but praised the `` aloof strangeness '' in Lorde 's vocals for being able to carry the song `` past the usual Dramatic Reenvisionings . '' Paste included the cover at number 8 on their 2013 year - end list for covers . Her cover appeared on the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 14 . It reached number 53 in Australia , number 65 in the United Kingdom , number 93 in France , and number 27 on the US Hot Rock Songs chart . Chart ( 2013 -- 2014 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) 53 France ( SNEP ) 93 New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) 14 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 65 US Hot Rock Songs ( Billboard ) 27 See also ( edit ) List of Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles of 1985 List of Cash Box Top 100 number - one singles of 1985 List of number - one dance singles of 1985 ( U.S. ) List of number - one singles of 1985 ( Canada ) List of number - one singles from the 1980s ( New Zealand ) References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Rosenberg , Tal ( 20 August 2017 ) . `` Tears for Fears : Songs from the Big Chair Album Review '' . Pitchfork . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Vigeland , Tess ; Margolis , Jacob ( 26 November 2014 ) . `` Tears for Fears reissue `` Songs from the Big Chair , '' 30 years on `` . Scpr.org . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 1985 -- Tears For Fears ' ' Songs From The Big Chair ' Hits # 1 '' . RTTNews . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Saturnine Martial & Lunatic ( Media notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records / Fontana Records . 1996 . Jump up ^ Pucci , Michael ( 29 November 2004 ) . `` Tears for Fears : Everybody Loves a Happy Ending '' . PopMatters . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 7 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears . Phonogram Records / Mercury Records . 1985 . 042288065975 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 10 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . 0 42288 06590 6 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 12 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . 042288065913 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK double 7 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . 0422880764768 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 12 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . 0 4400800322 9 . ^ Jump up to : Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 12 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . 0 422 - 870745 - 2 7 . Jump up ^ Matheson , Whitney ( 24 April 2014 ) . `` My favorite ' 80s New Wave song is ... '' USA Today . Retrieved 27 February 2016 . Jump up ^ Iwasaki , Scott ( 26 April 1996 ) . `` Orzabal , Tears for Fears plan May 2 show at Abravanel Hall '' . Deseret News . Retrieved 29 August 2016 . Jump up ^ Cline , Jake ( 8 June 2017 ) . `` Review : Tears for Fears , Hall and Oates in Miami '' . South Florida . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World by Tears for Fears -- Digital Sheet Music '' . Musicnotes.com . BMG Rights Management . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . Jump up ^ Leas , Ryan ( 2 February 2018 ) . `` The 10 Best Simple Minds Songs '' . Stereogum . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Roffman , Michael ( 11 November 2014 ) . `` Tears for Fears -- Songs from the Big Chair ( Reissue ) '' . Consequence of Sound . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Cills , Hazel ( 24 August 2015 ) . `` The 200 Best Songs of the 1980s '' . Pitchfork . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Callaway , Chris ( 10 July 2017 ) . `` Tears for Fears Could Be Nostalgic , But the Band 's Future Is Bright '' . Westword . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Baltin , Steve ( 9 November 2017 ) . `` Tears for Fears ' Curt Smith on why Cold War classic ' Everybody Wants to Rule the World ' resonates in the Trump era '' . Yahoo ! Music . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Ambinder , Marc ( 8 September 2010 ) . `` Fears for Tears : Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Swihart , Stanton . `` Tears for Fears -- Songs from the Big Chair '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Henderson , Eric ( 5 March 2012 ) . `` The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s '' . Slant Magazine . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Christgau , Robert ( 18 February 1986 ) . `` The 1985 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll '' . The Village Voice . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Korber , Kevin ( 4 May 2017 ) . `` 100 Best Songs of the ' 80s ( # 30 -- 21 ) '' . Spectrum Culture . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Vigilla , Hubert ( 13 February 2011 ) . `` The Top 200 Songs of the ' 80s '' . Treble . Retrieved 16 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Egan , Sean ( 1999 ) . Songs from the Big Chair ( CD insert ) . Tears for Fears . Jump up ^ `` Graham Gouldman and Top Songwriters Honored at 2015 BMI London Awards '' . Broadcast Music , Inc. 19 October 2015 . Retrieved 17 November 2015 . Jump up ^ Eames , Tom ( 5 June 2017 ) . `` 6 really WEIRD things the BBC banned from our screens , from Star Trek to James May saying ' cock ' '' . Digital Spy . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 : 24 March 1985 -- 30 March 1985 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Tears For Fears , Everybody Wants to Rule the World , Single '' . British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Ultratop.be -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( in Dutch ) . Ultratop 50 . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- Tears For Fears - Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Irish Charts -- Search Results -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Lwin , Nanda ( 2000 ) . Top 40 Hits : The Essential Chart Guide . Mississauga , Ontario : Music Data Canada . p. 384 . ISBN 1 - 896594 - 13 - 1 . ^ Jump up to : `` Canadian single certifications -- Tears for Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . Music Canada . ^ Jump up to : Kent , David ( 1993 ) . Australian Chart Book 1970 -- 1992 ( Illustrated ed . ) . St Ives , N.S.W. : Australian Chart Book . p. 306 . ISBN 0 - 646 - 11917 - 6 . ^ Jump up to : `` Charts.nz -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . Top 40 Singles . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Scapolo , Dean ( 2007 ) . The Complete New Zealand Music Charts : 1966 -- 2006 . Wellington : Dean Scapolo and Maurienne House . ISBN 978 - 1877443 - 00 - 8 . Jump up ^ `` The Hot 100 '' . Billboard. 16 March 1985 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Hot 100 '' . Billboard. 17 April 1985 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Hot 100 '' . Billboard. 8 June 1985 . Retrieved 20 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Tears for Fears -- Awards '' . AllMusic . Archived from the original on 12 May 2016 . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Cash Box Top 100 Singles -- Week ending June 8 , 1985 '' . Cash Box . Archived from the original on 17 September 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Compton , Nic ( 2016 ) . The Shipping Forecast : A Miscellany . BBC Worldwide Americas . p. 16 . ISBN 9781785940293 . Jump up ^ `` Back to Mine -- Groove Armada '' . Amazon . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Marks , Craig ; Tannenbaum , Rob ( 27 October 2011 ) . `` I Want My MTV '' . Pitchfork . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Wuench , Kevin ( 6 January 2015 ) . `` The ' 80s are not without love for the Cabazon Dinosaurs '' . Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Picks and Pans Review : Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . People . Vol. 23 no . 22 . 3 June 1985 . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Tears for Fears - Everybody Wants to Rule the World on YouTube ^ Jump up to : Deino , Daryl ( 14 March 2017 ) . `` Best Music Videos of 1985 : David Lee Roth , A-Ha , and Phil Collins '' . HuffPost . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Everybody Wants to Rule the World ( UK 12 - inch Single liner notes ) . Tears for Fears. Mercury Records . 1985 . Jump up ^ `` Austriancharts.at -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( in German ) . Ö3 Austria Top 40 . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Adult Contemporary : Issue 9378 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Singles : Issue 0533 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Offiziellecharts.de -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . GfK Entertainment Charts . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` I singoli più venduti del 1985 '' ( in Italian ) . Hit Parade Italia . Creative Commons . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Dutchcharts.nl -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1969 -- 1989 Acts ( T ) '' . Rock.co.za . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- Tears For Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . Swiss Singles Chart . Retrieved 21 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Forum -- ARIA Charts : Special Occasion Charts -- Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts -- 1980s '' . Australian-charts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Jaaroverzichten 1985 '' ( in Dutch ) . Ultratop . Hung Medien . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` RPM 's Top 100 Singles of 1985 '' . RPM . Vol. 43 no . 16 . 28 December 1985 . Retrieved 16 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Top 100 - Jaaroverzicht van 1985 '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Jaaroverzichten -- Single 1985 '' ( in Dutch ) . Single Top 100 . Hung Medien . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` End of Year Charts 1985 '' . Recorded Music New Zealand . Retrieved 29 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Singles '' . Music Week . London , England : Spotlight Publications . 18 January 1986 . p. 10 . Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits for 1985 '' . The Longbored Surfer . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Cash Box Year - End Charts : 1985 '' . Cash Box . Archived from the original on 1 October 2012 . Jump up ^ `` British single certifications -- Tears for Fears -- Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' . British Phonographic Industry . Select singles in the Format field . Select Gold in the Certification field . Enter Everybody Wants to Rule the World in the search field and then press Enter . ^ Jump up to : Patrin , Nate ( 29 March 2017 ) . `` Gotcha Covered : `` Everybody Wants To Rule The World '' `` . Stereogum . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ McAleer , Dave ( 2001 ) . Hit Singles : Top 20 Charts from 1954 to the Present Day . Hal Leonard Corporation . p. 268 . ISBN 9780879308087 . Jump up ^ Corless , Damian ( 12 July 2015 ) . `` Calling out around the world ... Remembering Live Aid '' . Irish Independent . Retrieved 10 July 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Irish Charts -- Search Results -- Everybody Wants to Run the World '' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved 1 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Ehrlich , Brenna ( 30 September 2013 ) . `` Is Lorde 's ' Catching Fire ' Track an 80 's Cover ? '' . MTV News . Retrieved 12 October 2013 . Jump up ^ The Hunger Games : Catching Fire ( Media notes ) . Various artists . Republic Records / Mercury Records . 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Assassin 's Creed Unity trailer '' . Newshub. 12 June 2014 . Retrieved 15 May 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` The ARIA Report '' ( PDF ) . Australian Recording Industry Association . Pandora Archive. 29 July 2014 . Retrieved 21 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Teaser : Banished > Music Played '' . BBC Two . Retrieved 14 July 2018 . Jump up ^ Stern , Marlow ( 29 August 2014 ) . `` Exclusive Look : ' Homeland ' Season 4 , Featuring the Music of Lorde '' . The Daily Beast . Retrieved 14 July 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Royals Soundtrack : S1 E10 Our Wills and Fates Do So Contrary Run '' . TuneFind . Retrieved 14 July 2018 . Jump up ^ Ragogna , Mike ( 17 December 2013 ) . `` From The Hunger Games to Animal Collective , The Hurting and Beyond : Conversations With Tears For Fears ' Roland Orzabal & Curt Smith '' . HuffPost . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Whitehill , Gaby ( 13 November 2013 ) . `` Listen : Lorde Covers ' Everybody Wants to Rule the World ' '' . Gigwise . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Molloy , Tim ( 12 November 2013 ) . `` ' Hunger Games ' : Hear Lorde 's Icy ' Everybody Wants to Rule the World ' Cover ( Audio ) '' . The Wrap . Yahoo !. Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Haglund , David ( 12 November 2013 ) . `` Lorde Sings `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' for The Hunger Games `` . Slate . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Lansky , Sam ( 12 November 2013 ) . `` Lorde Covers Tears For Fears ' `` Everybody Wants To Rule The World '' : Listen `` . Idolator . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . Jump up ^ Kane , Tyler ( 18 December 2013 ) . `` The 15 Best Cover Songs of 2013 '' . Paste . Retrieved 17 June 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Charts.nz -- Lorde -- Everybody Wants To Rule The World '' . Top 40 Singles . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Official Singles Chart Top 100 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Lescharts.com -- Lorde -- Everybody Wants To Rule The World '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . Retrieved 16 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Lorde Chart History ( Hot Rock Songs ) '' . Billboard . Retrieved 14 July 2018 . External links ( edit ) Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Tears for Fears Roland Orzabal Curt Smith Manny Elias Ian Stanley Studio albums The Hurting Songs from the Big Chair The Seeds of Love Elemental Raoul and the Kings of Spain Everybody Loves a Happy Ending Live albums Secret World Live in Paris Compilations Tears Roll Down ( Greatest Hits 82 -- 92 ) Saturnine Martial & Lunatic Shout : The Very Best of Tears for Fears Rule the World -- The Greatest Hits Singles `` Suffer the Children '' `` Pale Shelter '' `` Mad World '' `` Change '' `` The Way You Are '' `` Mothers Talk '' `` Shout '' `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' `` Everybody Wants to Run the World '' `` Head over Heels '' `` I Believe ( A Soulful Re-Recording ) '' `` Mothers Talk ( US Remix ) '' `` Sowing the Seeds of Love '' `` Woman in Chains '' `` Advice for the Young at Heart '' `` Famous Last Words '' `` Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams '' `` Laid So Low ( Tears Roll Down ) '' `` Break It Down Again '' `` Cold '' `` Goodnight Song '' `` Elemental '' `` Raoul and the Kings of Spain '' `` God 's Mistake '' `` Secrets '' `` Falling Down '' `` Closest Thing to Heaven '' `` Everybody Loves a Happy Ending / Call Me Mellow '' `` Secret World '' `` I Love You But I 'm Lost '' Video / DVD releases The Videosingles In My Mind 's Eye Scenes from the Big Chair Sowing the Seeds Going to California Tears Roll Down ( Greatest Hits 82 -- 92 ) Secret World ( Live in Paris ) Related articles Discography Graduate Lorde Awards and nominations Discography Songs Studio albums Pure Heroine Melodrama Extended plays The Love Club EP Tennis Court EP Soundtracks The Hunger Games : Mockingjay , Part 1 Singles `` Royals '' `` Tennis Court '' `` Team '' `` Glory and Gore '' `` Yellow Flicker Beat '' `` Magnets '' `` Green Light '' `` Perfect Places '' `` Homemade Dynamite '' Other songs `` Bravado '' `` The Love Club '' `` Swingin Party '' `` Buzzcut Season '' `` Ribs '' `` No Better '' `` Everybody Wants to Rule the World '' `` Meltdown '' `` Liability '' `` Sober '' `` The Louvre '' `` Supercut '' `` Hard Feelings / Loveless '' `` Writer in the Dark '' Tours Pure Heroine Tour Melodrama World Tour Related articles Joel Little `` The Cissy '' `` Heartlines '' `` Foil '' `` All My Love '' `` Do n't Take the Money '' Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Everybody_Wants_to_Rule_the_World&oldid=856716162 '' Categories : 1985 songs 1985 singles 1986 singles Tears for Fears songs Lorde songs Patti Smith songs Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles Billboard Dance Club Songs number - one singles Number - one singles in New Zealand RPM Adult Contemporary number - one singles RPM Top Singles number - one singles Brit Award for British Single Music videos directed by Nigel Dick Phonogram Records singles Mercury Records singles Vertigo Records singles Republic Records singles Songs written by Ian Stanley Songs written by Roland Orzabal The Hunger Games music Song recordings produced by Chris Hughes ( record producer ) Hidden categories : CS1 Italian - language sources ( it ) CS1 Dutch - language sources ( nl ) Good articles Use dmy dates from June 2012 Use British English from June 2012 Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Austria Singlechart usages for Flanders Singlechart making named ref Singlechart usages for Canadaadultcontemporary Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles Singlechart usages for France Singlechart usages for Germany2 Singlechart usages for Ireland2 Singlechart usages for Dutch40 Singlechart usages for Dutch100 Singlechart usages for New Zealand Singlechart usages for Switzerland Singlechart usages for UK Certification Table Entry usages for Canada Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom Singlechart usages for United Kingdom Singlechart usages for Billboardrocksongs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands Polski Português Русский Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2018 , at 03 : 37 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who sang everybody wants to rule the world in 1985 | ['"Everybody Wants to Rule the World"\nSingle by Tears for Fearsfrom the album Songs from the Big ChairB-side\n"Pharaohs"Released\n1985Format\nCD7"10"12"Genre\nNew waveLength\n4:11Label\nPhonogram (UK)Mercury (US)Vertigo (Canada)Songwriter(s)\nRoland OrzabalIan StanleyChris HughesProducer(s)\nHughesTears for Fears singles chronology\n\n\n\n"Shout" (1984)\n\n"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (1985)\n\n"Head over Heels" (1985)\n\nMusic video\n"Everybody Wants To Rule The World" on YouTube\n'] | ['Tears for Fears'] | "Everybody Wants to Rule the World"
Single by Tears for Fearsfrom the album Songs from the Big ChairB-side
"Pharaohs"Released
1985Format
CD7"10"12"Genre
New waveLength
4:11Label
Phonogram (UK)Mercury (US)Vertigo (Canada)Songwriter(s)
Roland OrzabalIan StanleyChris HughesProducer(s)
HughesTears for Fears singles chronology
"Shout" (1984)
"Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (1985)
"Head over Heels" (1985)
Music video
"Everybody Wants To Rule The World" on YouTube
|
[question]: What is the name of the song released by Tears for Fears in 1985?
[answer]: The name of the song released by Tears for Fears in 1985 is "Everybody Wants to Rule the World." | What is the name of the song released by Tears for Fears in 1985? | The name of the song released by Tears for Fears in 1985 is "Everybody Wants to Rule the World." | 1 | 7.401657 | 19 | 60 | 1 |
21,071 | -7,723,206,632,214,212,000 | Gone with the Wind (novel) | Gone with the Wind ( novel ) - wikipedia Gone with the Wind ( novel ) Jump to : navigation , search Gone with the Wind First edition cover Author Margaret Mitchell Country United States Language English Genre Historical Fiction Publisher Macmillan Publishers Publication date June 30 , 1936 Media type Print ( hardback & paperback ) Pages 1037 ( first edition ) 1024 ( Warner Books paperback ) ISBN 978 - 0 - 446 - 36538 - 3 ( Warner ) OCLC 28491920 Dewey Decimal 813.52 Followed by Scarlett Rhett Butler 's People Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell , first published in 1936 . The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta , both in Georgia , during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era . It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara , the spoiled daughter of a well - to - do plantation owner , who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman 's destructive `` March to the Sea '' . This historical novel features a Bildungsroman or coming - of - age story , with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson . Gone with the Wind was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937 . As of 2014 , a Harris poll found it to be the second favorite book of American readers , just behind the Bible . More than 30 million copies have been printed worldwide . Written from the perspective of the slaveholder , Gone with the Wind is Southern plantation fiction . Its portrayal of slavery and African Americans has been considered controversial , especially by succeeding generations , as well as its use of a racial epithet and ethnic slurs common to the period . However , the novel has become a reference point for subsequent writers about the South , both black and white . Scholars at American universities refer to , interpret , and study it in their writings . The novel has been absorbed into American popular culture . Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the book in 1937 . It was adapted into a 1939 American film . Gone with the Wind is the only novel by Mitchell published during her lifetime . Mitchell used color symbolism , especially the colors red and green , which frequently are associated with Scarlett O'Hara . Mitchell identified the primary theme as survival . She left the ending speculative for the reader , however . She was often asked what became of her lovers , Rhett and Scarlett . She replied , `` For all I know , Rhett may have found someone else who was less difficult . '' Two sequels authorized by Mitchell 's estate were published more than a half century later . A parody was also produced . Contents ( hide ) 1 Biographical background and publication 2 Title 3 Plot summary 3.1 Part I 3.2 Part II 3.3 Part III 3.4 Part IV 3.5 Part V 4 Structure 4.1 Coming - of - age story 4.2 Genre 5 Plot discussion 5.1 Slavery 5.1. 1 Caste system 5.1. 2 Faithful and devoted slave 5.2 Southern belle 5.2. 1 Historical background 5.3 Battles 5.3. 1 Early and mid war years 5.3. 2 Atlanta Campaign 5.3. 3 March to the Sea 5.3. 4 President Lincoln 's murder 5.4 Beau ideal 5.5 Scallawag 6 Characters 6.1 Main characters 6.2 Minor characters 6.2. 1 Scarlett 's immediate family 6.2. 2 Tara 6.2. 3 Clayton County 6.2. 4 Atlanta 6.2. 5 Robillard family 7 Themes 7.1 Survival 8 Color symbolism 9 Reception 9.1 Reviews 9.2 Racial , ethnicity and social issues 9.3 Awards and recognition 10 Adaptations 11 In popular culture 11.1 Books , television and more 11.2 Collectibles 11.3 The Windies 12 Legacy 13 Original manuscript 14 Publication and reprintings ( 1936 - USA ) 15 Sequels and prequels 16 See also 17 References 18 Further reading 19 External links Biographical background and publication ( edit ) Born in 1900 in Atlanta , Georgia , Margaret Mitchell was a Southerner and writer throughout her life . She grew up hearing stories about the American Civil War and the Reconstruction from her tyrannical Irish - American grandmother , who had endured its suffering . Her forceful and intellectual mother was a suffragist who fought for the rights of women to vote . As a young woman , Mitchell found love with an army lieutenant . He was killed in World War I , and she would carry his memory for the remainder of her life . After studying at Smith College for a year , during which time her mother died from the Spanish flu , Mitchell returned to Atlanta . She married , but her husband was an abusive bootlegger . Mitchell took a job writing feature articles for the Atlanta Journal at a time when Atlanta debutantes of her class did not work . After divorcing her first husband , she married again , this time to a man who shared her interest in writing and literature . He had also been best man at her first wedding . Margaret Mitchell began writing Gone with the Wind in 1926 to pass the time while recovering from a slow - healing auto - crash injury . In April 1935 , Harold Latham of Macmillan , an editor looking for new fiction , read her manuscript and saw that it could be a best - seller . After Latham agreed to publish the book , Mitchell worked for another six months checking the historical references and rewriting the opening chapter several times . Mitchell and her husband John Marsh , a copy editor by trade , edited the final version of the novel . Mitchell wrote the book 's final moments first and then wrote the events that led up to them . Gone with the Wind was published in June 1936 . Title ( edit ) The author tentatively titled the novel Tomorrow is Another Day , from its last line . Other proposed titles included Bugles Sang True , Not in Our Stars , and Tote the Weary Load . The title Mitchell finally chose is from the first line of the third stanza of the poem `` Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae sub Regno Cynarae '' by Ernest Dowson : I have forgot much , Cynara ! gone with the wind , Flung roses , roses riotously with the throng , Dancing , to put thy pale , lost lilies out of mind ... Scarlett O'Hara uses the title phrase when she wonders to herself if her home on a plantation called `` Tara '' is still standing , or if it had `` gone with the wind which had swept through Georgia . '' In a general sense , the title is a metaphor for the demise of a way of life in the South prior to the Civil War . When taken in the context of Dowson 's poem about `` Cynara , '' the phrase `` gone with the wind '' alludes to erotic loss . The poem expresses the regrets of someone who has lost his passionate feelings for his `` old passion , '' Cynara . Dowson 's Cynara , a name that comes from the Greek word for artichoke , represents a lost love . Plot summary ( edit ) Gone with the Wind takes place in the southern United States in the state of Georgia during the American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) and the Reconstruction Era ( 1865 -- 1877 ) . The novel unfolds against the backdrop of rebellion wherein seven southern states initially , including Georgia , have declared their secession from the United States ( the `` Union '' ) and formed the Confederate States of America ( the `` Confederacy '' ) , after Abraham Lincoln was elected president . The Union refuses to accept secession and no compromise is found as war approaches . Part I ( edit ) The novel opens April 15 , 1861 , at `` Tara , '' a plantation owned by Gerald O'Hara , an Irish immigrant who has become a successful planter , and his wife , Ellen Robillard O'Hara , from a coastal aristocratic family of French descent . Their 16 - year - old daughter , Scarlett , is not beautiful , but men seldom realized it once they were caught up in her charm . All the talk is of the coming Civil War . There are brief but vivid descriptions of the South as it began and grew , with backgrounds of the main characters : the stylish and highbrow French , the gentlemanly English , the forced - to - flee and looked - down - upon Irish . Scarlett learns that one of her many beaux , Ashley Wilkes , will soon be engaged to his cousin , Melanie Hamilton . She is heart - stricken . The next day at the Wilkeses ' barbecue at Twelve Oaks , Scarlett tells Ashley she loves him , and he admits he cares for her . However , he knows he would not be happy if married to her because of their personality differences . She loses her temper with him , and he silently takes it . Rhett Butler , who has a reputation as a rogue , had been alone in the library when Ashley and Scarlett entered and felt it wiser to stay unseen during the argument . Rhett applauds Scarlett for the `` unladylike '' spirit she displayed with Ashley . Infuriated and humiliated , she tells Rhett , `` You are n't fit to wipe his boots ! '' After rejoining the other party guests , she learns that war has been declared and the men are going to enlist . Seeking revenge , Scarlett accepts a marriage proposal from Melanie 's brother , Charles Hamilton . They marry two weeks later . Charles dies of pneumonia following the measles two months after the war begins . As a young widow , Scarlett gives birth to her first child , Wade Hampton Hamilton , named after his father 's general . She is bound by custom to wear black and avoid conversation with young men . Scarlett feels restricted by these conventions and bitterly misses her life as a young , unmarried woman . Part II ( edit ) Aunt Pittypat is living with Melanie in Atlanta and invites Scarlett to stay with them . In Atlanta , Scarlett 's spirits revive , and she is busy with hospital work and sewing circles for the Confederate Army . Scarlett encounters Rhett Butler again at a benefit dance , where he is dressed like a dandy . Although Rhett believes the war is a lost cause , he is blockade running for profit . The men must bid for a dance with a lady , and Rhett bids `` one hundred fifty dollars - in gold '' for a dance with Scarlett . They waltz to the tune of `` When This Cruel War is Over , '' and Scarlett sings the words . Others at the dance are shocked that Rhett would bid for a widow and that she would accept the dance while still wearing black ( or widow 's weeds ) . Melanie defends her , arguing she is supporting the cause for which Melanie 's husband , Ashley , is fighting . At Christmas ( 1863 ) , Ashley is granted a furlough from the army . Melanie becomes pregnant with their first child . Part III ( edit ) The war is going badly for the Confederacy . By September 1864 , Atlanta is besieged from three sides . The city becomes desperate and hundreds of wounded Confederate soldiers pour in . Melanie goes into labor with only the inexperienced Scarlett to assist , as all the doctors are attending the soldiers . Prissy , a young slave , cries out in despair and fear , `` De Yankees is comin ! '' In the chaos , Scarlett , left to fend for herself , cries for the comfort and safety of her mother and Tara . The tattered Confederate States Army sets flame to Atlanta and abandons it to the Union Army . Melanie gives birth to a boy , Beau , with Scarlett 's assistance . Scarlett then finds Rhett and begs him to take herself , Wade , Melanie , Beau , and Prissy to Tara . Rhett laughs at the idea but steals an emaciated horse and a small wagon , and they follow the retreating army out of Atlanta . Part way to Tara , Rhett has a change of heart and abandons Scarlett to enlist in the army ( he later recounts that when they learned he had attended West Point , they put him in the artillery , which may have saved his life ) . Scarlett then makes her way to Tara , where she is welcomed on the steps by her father , Gerald . Things have drastically changed : Scarlett 's mother is dead , her father has lost his mind with grief , her sisters are sick with typhoid fever , the field slaves have left after Emancipation , the Yankees have burned all the cotton , and there is no food in the house . Scarlett avows that she and her family will survive and never be hungry again . The long tiring struggle for survival begins that has Scarlett working in the fields . There are hungry people to feed and little food . There is the ever - present threat of the Yankees who steal and burn . At one point , a Yankee soldier trespasses on Tara , and it is implied that he would steal from the house and possibly rape Scarlett and Melanie . Scarlett kills him with Charles 's pistol , and sees that Melanie had also prepared to fight him with a sword . A long post-war succession of Confederate soldiers returning home stop at Tara to find food and rest . Eventually , Ashley returns from the war , with his idealistic view of the world shattered . Part iv ( edit ) Life at Tara slowly begins to recover , but then new taxes are levied on the plantation . Scarlett knows only one man with enough money to help her : Rhett Butler . She looks for him in Atlanta only to learn that he is in jail . Rhett refuses to give money to Scarlett , and leaving the jailhouse in fury , she runs into Frank Kennedy , who runs a store in Atlanta and is betrothed to Scarlett 's sister , Suellen . Realizing Frank also has money , Scarlett hatches a plot and tells Frank that Suellen will not marry him . Frank succumbs to Scarlett 's charms and marries her two weeks later , knowing he has done `` something romantic and exciting for the first time in his life . '' Always wanting her to be happy and radiant , Frank gives Scarlett the money to pay the taxes . While Frank has a cold and is pampered by Aunt Pittypat , Scarlett goes over the accounts at Frank 's store and finds that many owe him money . Scarlett is now terrified about the taxes and decides money , a lot of it , is needed . She takes control of the store , and her business practices leave many Atlantans resentful of her . With a loan from Rhett she buys a sawmill and runs it herself , all scandalous conduct . To Frank 's relief , Scarlett learns she is pregnant , which curtails her `` unladylike '' activities for a while . She convinces Ashley to come to Atlanta and manage the mill , all the while still in love with him . At Melanie 's urging , Ashley takes the job . Melanie becomes the center of Atlanta society , and Scarlett gives birth to Ella Lorena : `` Ella for her grandmother Ellen , and Lorena because it was the most fashionable name of the day for girls . '' Georgia is under martial law , and life has taken on a new and more frightening tone . For protection , Scarlett keeps Frank 's pistol tucked in the upholstery of the buggy . Her trips alone to and from the mill take her past a shantytown where criminal elements live . While on her way home one evening , she is accosted by two men who try to rob her , but she escapes with the help of Big Sam , the former Negro foreman from Tara . Attempting to avenge his wife , Frank and the Ku Klux Klan raid the shantytown whereupon Frank is shot dead . Scarlett is a widow again . To keep the raiders from being arrested , Rhett puts on a charade . He walks into the Wilkeses ' home with Hugh Elsing and Ashley , singing and pretending to be drunk . Yankee officers outside question Rhett , and he says he and the other men had been at Belle Watling 's brothel that evening , a story Belle later confirms to the officers . The men are indebted to Rhett , and his Scallawag reputation among them improves a notch , but the men 's wives , except Melanie , are livid at owing their husbands ' lives to Belle Watling . Frank Kennedy lies in a casket in the quiet stillness of the parlor in Aunt Pittypat 's home . Scarlett is remorseful . She is swigging brandy from Aunt Pitty 's swoon bottle when Rhett comes to call . She tells him tearfully , `` I 'm afraid I 'll die and go to hell . '' He says , `` Maybe there is n't a hell . '' Before she can cry any further , he asks her to marry him , saying , `` I always intended having you , one way or another . '' She says she does n't love him and does n't want to be married again . However , he kisses her passionately , and in the heat of the moment she agrees to marry him . One year later , Scarlett and Rhett announce their engagement , which becomes the talk of the town . Part v. ( edit ) Mr. and Mrs. Butler honeymoon in New Orleans , spending lavishly . Upon returning to Atlanta , they stay in the bridal suite at the National Hotel while their new home on Peachtree Street is being built . Scarlett chooses a modern Swiss chalet style home like the one she saw in Harper 's Weekly , with red wallpaper , thick red carpet , and black walnut furniture . Rhett describes it as an `` architectural horror '' . Shortly after they move in to their new home , the sardonic jabs between them turn into full - blown quarrels . Scarlett wonders why Rhett married her . Then `` with real hate in her eyes '' , she tells Rhett she will have a baby , which she does not want . The Bonnie Blue Flag , is an 1861 marching song that refers to the first unofficial flag of the Confederacy . Wade is seven years old in 1869 when his half - sister , Eugenie Victoria , named after two queens , is born . She has blue eyes like Gerald O'Hara , and Melanie nicknames her , `` Bonnie Blue , '' in reference to the Bonnie Blue Flag of the Confederacy . When Scarlett is feeling well again , she makes a trip to the mill and talks to Ashley , who is alone in the office . In their conversation , she comes away believing Ashley still loves her and is jealous of her intimate relations with Rhett , which excites her . She returns home and tells Rhett she does not want more children . From then on , they sleep separately , and when Bonnie is two years old , she sleeps in a little bed beside Rhett ( with the light on all night because she is afraid of the dark ) . Rhett turns his attention toward Bonnie , dotes on her , spoils her , and worries about her reputation when she is older . Melanie is giving a surprise birthday party for Ashley . Scarlett goes to the mill to keep Ashley there until party time , a rare opportunity for her to see him alone . When she sees him , she feels `` sixteen again , a little breathless and excited . '' Ashley tells her how pretty she looks , and they reminisce about the days when they were young and talk about their lives now . Suddenly Scarlett 's eyes fill with tears , and Ashley holds her head against his chest . Ashley sees his sister , India Wilkes , standing in the doorway . Before the party has even begun , a rumor of an affair between Ashley and Scarlett spreads , and Rhett and Melanie hear it . Melanie refuses to accept any criticism of her sister - in - law , and India Wilkes is banished from the Wilkeses ' home for it , causing a rift in the family . Rhett , more drunk than Scarlett has ever seen him , returns home from the party long after Scarlett . His eyes are bloodshot , and his mood is dark and violent . He enjoins Scarlett to drink with him . Not wanting him to know she is fearful of him , she throws back a drink and gets up from her chair to go back to her bedroom . He stops her and pins her shoulders to the wall . She tells him he is jealous of Ashley , and Rhett accuses her of `` crying for the moon '' over Ashley . He tells her they could have been happy together saying , `` for I loved you and I know you . '' He then takes her in his arms and carries her up the stairs to her bedroom , where it is strongly implied that he rapes her -- or , possibly , that they have consensual sex following the argument . The next morning , Rhett leaves for Charleston and New Orleans with Bonnie . Scarlett finds herself missing him , but she is still unsure if Rhett loves her , having said it while drunk . She learns she is pregnant with her fourth child . When Rhett returns , Scarlett waits for him at the top of the stairs . She wonders if Rhett will kiss her , but to her irritation , he does not . He says she looks pale . She says it 's because she is pregnant . He sarcastically asks if the father is Ashley . She calls Rhett a cad and tells him no woman would want his baby . He says , `` Cheer up , maybe you 'll have a miscarriage . '' She lunges at him , but he dodges , and she tumbles backwards down the stairs . She is seriously ill for the first time in her life , having lost her child and broken her ribs . Rhett is remorseful , believing he has killed her . Sobbing and drunk , he buries his head in Melanie 's lap and confesses he has been a jealous cad . Scarlett , who is thin and pale , goes to Tara , taking Wade and Ella with her , to regain her strength and vitality from `` the green cotton fields of home . '' When she returns healthy to Atlanta , she sells the mills to Ashley . She finds Rhett 's attitude has noticeably changed . He is sober , kinder , polite -- and seemingly disinterested . Though she misses the old Rhett at times , Scarlett is content to leave well enough alone . Bonnie is four years old in 1873 . Spirited and willful , she has her father wrapped around her finger and giving in to her every demand . Even Scarlett is jealous of the attention Bonnie gets . Rhett rides his horse around town with Bonnie in front of him , but Mammy insists it is not fitting for a girl to ride a horse with her dress flying up . Rhett heeds her words and buys Bonnie a Shetland pony , whom she names `` Mr. Butler , '' and teaches her to ride sidesaddle . Then Rhett pays a boy named Wash twenty - five cents to teach Mr. Butler to jump over wood bars . When Mr. Butler is able to get his fat legs over a one - foot bar , Rhett puts Bonnie on the pony , and soon Mr. Butler is leaping bars and Aunt Melly 's rose bushes . Wearing her blue velvet riding habit with a red feather in her black hat , Bonnie pleads with her father to raise the bar to one and a half feet . He gives in , warning her not to come crying if she falls . Bonnie yells to her mother , `` Watch me take this one ! '' The pony gallops towards the wood bar , but trips over it . Bonnie breaks her neck in the fall , and dies . In the dark days and months following Bonnie 's death , Rhett is often drunk and disheveled , while Scarlett , though deeply bereaved also , seems to hold up under the strain . With the untimely death of Melanie Wilkes a short time later , Rhett decides he only wants the calm dignity of the genial South he once knew in his youth and leaves Atlanta to find it . Meanwhile , Scarlett dreams of love that has eluded her for so long . However , she still has Tara and knows she can win Rhett back , because `` tomorrow is another day . '' Structure ( edit ) Coming - of - age story ( edit ) Margaret Mitchell arranged Gone with the Wind chronologically , basing it on the life and experiences of the main character , Scarlett O'Hara , as she grew from adolescence into adulthood . During the time span of the novel , from 1861 to 1873 , Scarlett ages from sixteen to twenty - eight years . This is a type of Bildungsroman , a novel concerned with the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood ( coming - of - age story ) . Scarlett 's development is affected by the events of her time . Mitchell used a smooth linear narrative structure . The novel is known for its exceptional `` readability '' . The plot is rich with vivid characters . Genre ( edit ) Gone with the Wind is often placed in the literary subgenre of the historical romance novel . Pamela Regis has argued that is more appropriately classified as a historical novel , as it does not contain all of the elements of the romance genre . The novel has also been described as an early classic of the erotic historical genre , because it is thought to contain some degree of pornography . Plot discussion ( edit ) Slavery ( edit ) ' Way back in the dark days of the Early Sixties , regrettable tho it was -- men fought , bled , and died for the freedom of the negro -- her freedom ! -- and she stood by and did her duty to the last ditch -- It was and is her life to serve , and she has done it well . While shot and shell thundered to release the shackles of slavery from her body and her soul -- she loved , fought for , and protected -- Us who held her in bondage , her `` Marster '' and her `` Missus ! '' Excerpt from My Old Black Mammy by James W. Elliott , 1914 . Slavery in Gone with the Wind is a backdrop to a story that is essentially about other things . Southern plantation fiction ( also known as Anti-Tom literature , in reference to reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe 's anti-slavery novel , Uncle Tom 's Cabin of 1852 ) from the mid-19th century , culminating in Gone With the Wind , is written from the perspective and values of the slaveholder and tends to present slaves as docile and happy . Caste system ( edit ) The characters in the novel are organized into two basic groups along class lines : the white planter class , such as Scarlett and Ashley , and the black house servant class . The slaves depicted in Gone with the Wind are primarily loyal house servants , such as Mammy , Pork , Prissy , and Uncle Peter . House servants are the highest `` caste '' of slaves in Mitchell 's caste system . They choose to stay with their masters after the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and subsequent Thirteenth Amendment of 1865 sets them free . Of the servants who stayed at Tara , Scarlett thinks , `` There were qualities of loyalty and tirelessness and love in them that no strain could break , no money could buy . '' The field slaves make up the lower class in Mitchell 's caste system . The field slaves from the Tara plantation and the foreman , Big Sam , are taken away by Confederate soldiers to dig ditches and never return to the plantation . Mitchell wrote that other field slaves were `` loyal '' and `` refused to avail themselves of the new freedom '' , but the novel has no field slaves who stay on the plantation to work after they have been emancipated . American William Wells Brown escaped from slavery and published his memoir , or slave narrative , in 1847 . He wrote of the disparity in conditions between the house servant and the field hand : During the time that Mr. Cook was overseer , I was a house servant -- a situation preferable to a field hand , as I was better fed , better clothed , and not obliged to rise at the ringing bell , but about an half hour after . I have often laid and heard the crack of the whip , and the screams of the slave . Faithful and devoted slave ( edit ) Although the novel is more than 1,000 pages long , the character of Mammy never considers what her life might be like away from Tara . She recognizes her freedom to come and go as she pleases , saying , `` Ah is free , Miss Scarlett . You kain sen ' me nowhar Ah doan wanter go , '' but Mammy remains duty - bound to `` Miss Ellen 's chile . '' ( No other name for Mammy is noted in the novel . ) Eighteen years before the publication of Gone with the Wind , an article titled , `` The Old Black Mammy , '' written in the Confederate Veteran in 1918 , discussed the romanticized view of the mammy character that had persisted in Southern literature : ... for her faithfulness and devotion , she has been immortalized in the literature of the South ; so the memory of her will never pass , but live on in the tales that are told of those `` dear dead days beyond recall '' . Micki McElya , in her book Clinging to Mammy , suggests the myth of the faithful slave , in the figure of Mammy , lingered because white Americans wished to live in a world in which African Americans were not angry over the injustice of slavery . The best - selling anti-slavery novel from the 19th century is Uncle Tom 's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe , published in 1852 . Uncle Tom 's Cabin is mentioned briefly in Gone with the Wind as being accepted by the Yankees as `` revelation second only to the Bible '' . The enduring interest of both Uncle Tom 's Cabin and Gone with the Wind has resulted in lingering stereotypes of 19th - century African - American slaves . Gone with the Wind has become a reference point for subsequent writers about the South , both black and white alike . Southern Belle ( edit ) `` Young misses whut frowns an ' pushes out dey chins an ' says ' Ah will ' an ' ' Ah woan ' mos ' gener'ly doan ketch husbands . '' -- Mammy The southern belle is an archetype for a young woman of the antebellum American South upper class . The southern belle was believed to be physically attractive but , more importantly , personally charming with sophisticated social skills . She is subject to the correct code of female behavior . The novel 's heroine , Scarlett O'Hara , charming though not beautiful , is a classic southern belle . For young Scarlett , the ideal southern belle is represented by her mother , Ellen O'Hara . In `` A Study in Scarlett '' , published in The New Yorker , Claudia Roth Pierpont wrote : The Southern belle was bred to conform to a subspecies of the nineteenth - century `` lady '' ... For Scarlett , the ideal is embodied in her adored mother , the saintly Ellen , whose back is never seen to rest against the back of any chair on which she sits , whose broken spirit everywhere is mistaken for righteous calm ... However , Scarlett is not always willing to conform . Kathryn Lee Seidel , in her book , The Southern Belle in the American Novel , wrote : ... part of her does try to rebel against the restraints of a code of behavior that relentlessly attempts to mold her into a form to which she is not naturally suited . The figure of a pampered southern belle , Scarlett lives through an extreme reversal of fortune and wealth , and survives to rebuild Tara and her self - esteem . Her bad belle traits ( Scarlett 's deceitfulness , shrewdness , manipulation , and superficiality ) , in contrast to Melanie 's good belle traits ( trust , self - sacrifice , and loyalty ) , enable her to survive in the post-war South and pursue her main interest , which is to make enough money to survive and prosper . Although Scarlett was `` born '' around 1845 , she is portrayed to appeal to modern - day readers for her passionate and independent spirit , determination and obstinate refusal to feel defeated . Historical background ( edit ) Marriage was supposed to be the goal of all southern belles , as women 's status was largely determined by that of their husbands . All social and educational pursuits were directed towards it . Despite the Civil War and loss of a generation of eligible men , young ladies were still expected to marry . By law and Southern social convention , household heads were adult , white propertied males , and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self - control . The Atlanta Historical Society has produced a number of Gone with the Wind exhibits , among them a 1994 exhibit titled , `` Disputed Territories : Gone with the Wind and Southern Myths '' . The exhibit asked , `` Was Scarlett a Lady ? '' , finding that historically most women of the period were not involved in business activities as Scarlett was during Reconstruction , when she ran a sawmill . White women performed traditional jobs such as teaching and sewing , and generally disliked work outside the home . During the Civil War , Southern women played a major role as volunteer nurses working in makeshift hospitals . Many were middle - and upper class women who had never worked for wages or seen the inside of a hospital . One such nurse was Ada W. Bacot , a young widow who had lost two children . Bacot came from a wealthy South Carolina plantation family that owned 87 slaves . In the fall of 1862 , Confederate laws were changed to permit women to be employed in hospitals as members of the Confederate Medical Department . Twenty - seven - year - old nurse Kate Cumming from Mobile , Alabama , described the primitive hospital conditions in her journal : They are in the hall , on the gallery , and crowded into very small rooms . The foul air from this mass of human beings at first made me giddy and sick , but I soon got over it . We have to walk , and when we give the men any thing kneel , in blood and water ; but we think nothing of it at all . Battles ( edit ) Battle of Kennesaw Mountain , June 27 , 1864 . The Civil War came to an end on April 26 , 1865 when Confederate General Johnston surrendered his armies in the Carolinas Campaign to Union General Sherman . Several battles are mentioned or depicted in Gone with the Wind . Early and mid war years ( edit ) Seven Days Battles , June 25 -- July 1 , 1862 , Richmond , Virginia , Confederate victory . Battle of Fredericksburg , December 11 -- 15 , 1862 , Fredericksburg , Virginia , Confederate victory . Streight 's Raid , April 19 -- May 3 , 1863 , in northern Alabama . Union Colonel Streight and his men were captured by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest . Battle of Chancellorsville , April 30 -- May 6 , 1863 , in Spotsylvania County , Virginia , near the village of Chancellorsville , Confederate victory . Ashley Wilkes is stationed on the Rapidan River , Virginia , in the winter of 1863 , later captured and sent to a Union prison camp , Rock Island . Siege of Vicksburg , May 18 -- July 4 , 1863 , Vicksburg , Mississippi , Union victory . Battle of Gettysburg , July 1 -- 3 , 1863 , fought in and around the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , Union victory . `` They expected death . They did not expect defeat . '' Battle of Chickamauga , September 19 -- 20 , 1863 , northwestern Georgia . The first fighting in Georgia and the most significant Union defeat . Chattanooga Campaign , November -- December 1863 , Tennessee , Union victory . The city became the supply and logistics base for Sherman 's 1864 Atlanta Campaign . Atlanta Campaign ( edit ) Sherman 's Atlanta Campaign The Atlanta Campaign ( May -- September 1864 ) took place in northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta . Confederate General Johnston fights and retreats from Dalton ( May 7 -- 13 ) to Resaca ( May 13 -- 15 ) to Kennesaw Mountain ( June 27 ) . Union General Sherman suffers heavy losses to the entrenched Confederate army . Unable to pass through Kennesaw , Sherman swings his men around to the Chattahoochee River where the Confederate army is waiting on the opposite side of the river . Once again , General Sherman flanks the Confederate army , forcing Johnston to retreat to Peachtree Creek ( July 20 ) , five miles northeast of Atlanta . Battle of Atlanta , July 22 , 1864 , just southeast of Atlanta . The city would not fall until September 2 , 1864 . Heavy losses for Confederate General Hood . Battle of Ezra Church , July 28 , 1864 , Sherman 's failed attack west of Atlanta where the railroad entered the city . Battle of Utoy Creek , August 5 -- 7 , 1864 , Sherman 's failed attempt to break the railroad line at East Point , into Atlanta from the west , heavy Union losses . Battle of Jonesborough , August 31 -- September 1 , 1864 , Sherman successfully cut the railroad lines from the south into Atlanta . The city of Atlanta was abandoned by General Hood and then occupied by Union troops for the rest of the war . March to the sea ( edit ) The Savannah Campaign was conducted in Georgia during November and December 1864 . President Lincoln 's murder ( edit ) Although Abraham Lincoln is mentioned in the novel fourteen times , no reference is made to his assassination on April 14 , 1865 . Beau ideal ( edit ) Somebody 's darling ! so young and so brave ! Wearing still on his pale , sweet face -- Soon to be hid by the dust of the grave -- The lingering light of his boyhood 's grace ! Somebody 's Darling by Marie La Coste , of Georgia . Ashley Wilkes is the beau ideal of Southern manhood . A planter by inheritance , Ashley knew the Confederate cause had died at the conclusion of the American Civil War . Ashley 's name signifies paleness . His `` pallid skin literalizes the idea of Confederate death . '' He contemplates leaving Georgia for New York City . Had he gone North , he would have joined numerous other Confederate carpetbaggers there . Ashley , embittered by war , tells Scarlett he has been `` in a state of suspended animation '' since the surrender . He feels he is not `` shouldering a man 's burden '' at Tara and believes he is `` much less than a man -- much less , indeed , than a woman '' . A `` young girl 's dream of the Perfect Knight '' , Ashley is like a young girl himself . With his `` poet 's eye '' , Ashley has a `` feminine sensitivity '' . Scarlett is angered by the `` slur of effeminacy flung at Ashley '' when her father tells her the Wilkes family was `` born queer '' . ( Mitchell 's use of the word `` queer '' is for its sexual connotation because queer , in the 1930s , was associated with homosexuality . ) Ashley 's effeminacy is associated with his appearance , his lack of forcefulness , and sexual impotency . He rides , plays poker , and drinks like `` proper men '' , but his heart is not in it , Gerald claims . The embodiment of castration , Ashley wears the head of Medusa on his cravat pin . Scarlett 's love interest , Ashley Wilkes , lacks manliness , and her husbands -- the `` calf - like '' Charles Hamilton , and the `` old - maid in britches '' , Frank Kennedy -- are unmanly as well . Mitchell is critiquing masculinity in southern society since Reconstruction . Even Rhett Butler , the well - groomed dandy , is effeminate or `` gay - coded . '' Charles , Frank and Ashley represent the impotence of the post-war white South . Its power and influence has been diminished . Scallawag ( edit ) The word `` scallawag '' is defined as a loafer , a vagabond , or a rogue . Scallawag had a special meaning after the Civil War as an epithet for a white Southerner who accepted and supported Republican reforms . Mitchell defines scallawags as `` Southerners who had turned Republican very profitably . '' Rhett Butler is accused of being a `` damned Scallawag . '' In addition to scallawags , Mitchell portrays other types of scoundrels in the novel : Yankees , carpetbaggers , Republicans , prostitutes , and overseers . In the early years of the Civil War , Rhett is called a `` scoundrel '' for his `` selfish gains '' profiteering as a blockade - runner . As a scallawag , Rhett is despised . He is the `` dark , mysterious , and slightly malevolent hero loose in the world '' . Literary scholars have identified elements of Mitchell 's first husband , Berrien `` Red '' Upshaw , in the character of Rhett . Another sees the image of Italian actor Rudolph Valentino , whom Margaret Mitchell interviewed as a young reporter for The Atlanta Journal . Fictional hero Rhett Butler has a `` swarthy face , flashing teeth and dark alert eyes '' . He is a `` scamp , blackguard , without scruple or honor . '' Characters ( edit ) Main characters ( edit ) Katie Scarlett O'Hara : is the oldest O'Hara daughter . Scarlett 's forthright Irish blood is always at variance with the French teachings of style from her mother . Scarlett marries Charles Hamilton , Frank Kennedy , and Rhett Butler , all the while wishing she were married instead to Ashley Wilkes . She has three children , one from each husband : Wade Hampton Hamilton ( son to Charles Hamilton ) , Ella Lorena Kennedy ( daughter to Frank Kennedy ) , and Eugenie Victoria `` Bonnie Blue '' Butler ( daughter to Rhett Butler ) . She miscarries a fourth child during a quarrel with Rhett when she accidentally falls down the stairs . Scarlett is secretly scornful of Melanie Wilkes , wife to Ashley . Melanie shows nothing but love and devotion toward Scarlett , and considers her a sister throughout her life because Scarlett married Melanie 's brother Charles . Scarlett is unaware of the extent of Rhett 's love for her or that she might love him . Captain Rhett K. Butler : is Scarlett 's admirer and her third husband . He is often publicly shunned for his scandalous behavior and sometimes accepted for his charm . Rhett declares he is not a marrying man and propositions Scarlett to be his mistress , but marries her after the death of Frank Kennedy . He says he wo n't risk losing her to someone else , since it is unlikely she will ever need money again . At the end of the novel , Rhett confesses to Scarlett , `` I loved you but I could n't let you know it . You 're so brutal to those who love you , Scarlett . '' Major George Ashley Wilkes : The gallant Ashley marries his cousin , Melanie , because , `` Like must marry like or there 'll be no happiness . '' A man of honor , Ashley enlists in the Confederate States Army though he says he would have freed his slaves after his father 's death , if the war has n't done it first . Although many of his friends and relations are killed in the Civil War , Ashley survives to see its brutal aftermath . Ashley is `` the Perfect Knight '' , in the mind of Scarlett , even throughout her three marriages . `` She loved him and wanted him and did not understand him . '' Melanie ( Hamilton ) Wilkes : is Ashley 's wife and cousin . Melanie is a humble , serene and gracious Southern woman . As the story unfolds , Melanie becomes progressively physically weaker , first by childbirth , then `` the hard work she had done at Tara , '' and she dies after a miscarriage . As Rhett Butler says , `` She never had any strength . She 's never had anything but heart . '' Minor characters ( edit ) `` I made Tara up , just as I made up every character in the book . But nobody will believe me . '' -- Margaret Mitchell Scarlett 's immediate family ( edit ) Ellen ( Robillard ) O'Hara : is Scarlett 's mother of French ancestry . Ellen married Gerald O'Hara , who was 28 years her senior , after her true love , Philippe Robillard , was killed in a bar fight . She is Scarlett 's ideal of a `` great lady '' . Ellen ran all aspects of the household and nursed negro slaves as well as poor white trash . She dies from typhoid fever in August 1864 after nursing Emmie Slattery . Gerald O'Hara : is Scarlett 's florid Irish father . An excellent horseman , Gerald likes to jump fences on horseback while intoxicated , which eventually leads to his death . Gerald 's mind becomes addled after the death of his wife , Ellen . Susan Elinor ( `` Suellen '' ) O'Hara : is Scarlett 's middle sister , born in 1846 . She became sickened by typhoid during the siege of Atlanta . After the war , Scarlett steals and marries Suellen 's beau , Frank Kennedy . Later , Suellen marries Will Benteen and has at least one child , Susie , with him . Caroline Irene ( `` Carreen '' ) O'Hara : is Scarlett 's youngest sister , born in 1848 . She was also ill with typhoid during the siege of Atlanta . She is infatuated with and later engaged to the red - headed Brent Tarleton , who is killed in the war . Broken - hearted by Brent 's death , Carreen never truly gets over it . Years later she joins a convent . O'Hara Boys : are the three boys of Ellen and Gerald O'Hara who died in infancy and are buried 100 yards from the house . Each was named Gerald after the father ; they died in succession . The headstone of each boy is inscribed `` Gerald O'Hara , Jr . '' ( It was typical of families to name the next living child after the parental namesake , even if a child had already died of that name . ) Charles Hamilton : is Melanie Wilkes ' brother and Scarlett 's first husband . Charles is a shy and loving boy . Father to Wade Hampton , Charles dies of pneumonia caused by measles , before reaching a battlefield or seeing his son . Wade Hampton Hamilton : is the son of Scarlett and Charles , born in early 1862 . He was named for his father 's commanding officer , Wade Hampton III , later governor of South Carolina . Frank Kennedy : is Suellen O'Hara's former fiancé and Scarlett 's second husband . Frank is an unattractive older man . He originally proposes to Suellen but Scarlett steals him in order to have enough money to pay the taxes on Tara and keep it . Frank is unable to comprehend Scarlett 's fears and her desperate struggle for survival after the war . He is unwilling to be as ruthless in business as Scarlett would like . Unknown to Scarlett , Frank is secretly involved in the Ku Klux Klan . He is `` shot through the head '' , according to Rhett Butler , while attempting to defend Scarlett 's honor after she is attacked . Ella Lorena Kennedy : is the homely daughter of Scarlett and Frank . Eugenie Victoria `` Bonnie Blue '' Butler : is Scarlett and Rhett 's pretty , strong - willed daughter . She is as Irish in looks and temper as Gerald O'Hara , with the same blue eyes . Tara ( edit ) Mammy : is Scarlett 's nurse from birth . A slave , she originally was held by Scarlett 's grandmother and raised her mother , Ellen O'Hara . Mammy is `` head woman of the plantation . '' Pork : is Gerald O'Hara's valet and his first slave . He won Pork in a game of poker ( as he did the plantation Tara , in a separate poker game ) . When Gerald died , Scarlett gave his pocket watch to Pork . She wanted to have the watch engraved with the words , `` To Pork from the O'Haras -- Well done good and faithful servant , '' but Pork declined the offer . Dilcey : is Pork 's wife and a slave woman of mixed Indian and African descent . Scarlett pushes her father into buying Dilcey and her daughter Prissy from John Wilkes , the latter as a favor to Dilcey that she never forgets . Prissy : is a slave girl , Dilcey 's daughter . Prissy is Wade 's nurse and goes with Scarlett to Atlanta when she lives with Aunt Pittypat . Jonas Wilkerson : is the Yankee overseer of Tara before the Civil War . Big Sam : is a strong , hardworking field slave and the foreman at Tara . In post-war lawlessness , Big Sam comes to Scarlett 's rescue from would - be thieves . Will Benteen : is a `` South Georgia cracker , '' Confederate soldier , and patient listener to the troubles of all . Will lost part of his leg in the war and walks with the aid of a wooden stump . He is taken in by the O'Haras on his journey home from the war ; after his recovery he stays on to manage the farm at Tara . Fond of Carreen O'Hara , he is disappointed when she decides to enter a convent . Not wanting to leave Tara , he later marries Suellen and has at least one child , Susie , with her . Clayton County ( edit ) India Wilkes : is the sister of Honey and Ashley Wilkes . She is described as plain . India was courted by Stuart Tarleton before he and his brother Brent both fell in love with Scarlett . Honey Wilkes : is the sister of India and Ashley Wilkes . Honey is described as having the `` odd lashless look of a rabbit . '' John Wilkes : is owner of `` Twelve Oaks '' and patriarch of the Wilkes family . John Wilkes is educated and gracious . He is killed during the siege of Atlanta . Tarleton Boys : Boyd , Tom , and the twins , Brent and Stuart : The red - headed Tarleton boys were in frequent scrapes , loved practical jokes and gossip , and `` were worse than the plagues of Egypt , '' according to their mother . The inseparable twins , Brent and Stuart , at 19 years old were six feet two inches tall . All four boys were killed in the war , the twins just moments apart at the Battle of Gettysburg . Boyd was buried somewhere in Virginia . Tarleton Girls : Hetty , Camilla , ' Randa and Betsy : The stunning Tarleton girls have varying shades of red hair . Beatrice Tarleton : is the mistress of the `` Fairhill '' plantation . She was a busy woman , managing a large cotton plantation , a hundred negroes , and eight children , and the largest horse - breeding farm in Georgia . Hot - tempered , she believed that `` a lick every now and then did her boys no harm . '' Calvert Family : Raiford , Cade and Cathleen : are the O'Haras ' Clayton County neighbors from another plantation , `` Pine Bloom '' . Cathleen Calvert was young Scarlett 's friend . Their widowed father Hugh married a Yankee governess , who was called `` the second Mrs. Calvert . '' Next to Scarlett , Cathleen `` had had more beaux than any girl in the County , '' but eventually married their former Yankee overseer , Mr. Hilton . Fontaine Family : Joe , Tony and Alex are known for their hot tempers . Joe is killed at Gettysburg , while Tony murders Jonas Wilkerson in a barroom and flees to Texas , leaving Alex to tend to their plantation . Grandma Fontaine , also known as `` Old Miss , '' is the wife of old Doc Fontaine , the boys ' grandfather . `` Young Miss '' and young Dr. Fontaine , the boys ' parents , and Sally ( Munroe ) Fontaine , wife to Joe , make up the remaining family of the `` Mimosa '' plantation . Emmie Slattery : is poor white trash . The daughter of Tom Slattery , her family lived on three acres along the swamp bottoms between the O'Hara and Wilkes plantations . Emmie gave birth to an illegitimate child fathered by Jonas Wilkerson , a Yankee and the overseer at Tara . The child died . Emmie later married Jonas . After the war , flush with carpetbagger cash , they try to buy Tara , but Scarlett refuses the offer . Atlanta ( edit ) Aunt Pittypat Hamilton : Named Sarah Jane Hamilton , she acquired the nickname `` Pittypat '' in childhood because of the way she walked on her tiny feet . Aunt Pittypat is a spinster who lives in the red - brick house at the quiet end of Peachtree Street in Atlanta . The house is half - owned by Scarlett ( after the death of Charles Hamilton ) . Pittypat 's financial affairs are managed by her brother , Henry , whom she does n't especially care for . Aunt Pittypat raised Melanie and Charles Hamilton after the death of their father , with considerable help from her slave , Uncle Peter . Uncle Henry Hamilton : is Aunt Pittypat 's brother , an attorney , and the uncle of Charles and Melanie . Uncle Peter : is an older slave , who serves as Aunt Pittypat 's coach driver and general factotum . Uncle Peter looked after Melanie and Charles Hamilton when they were young . Beau Wilkes : is Melanie and Ashley 's son , who is born in Atlanta when the siege begins and transported to Tara after birth . Archie : is an ex-convict and former Confederate soldier who was imprisoned for the murder of his adulterous wife before the war . Archie is taken in by Melanie and later becomes Scarlett 's coach driver . Meade Family : Atlanta society considers Dr. Meade to be `` the root of all strength and all wisdom . '' He looks after injured soldiers during the siege with assistance from Melanie and Scarlett . Mrs. Meade is on the bandage - rolling committee . Their two sons are killed in the war . Merriwether Family : Mrs. Dolly Merriwether is an Atlanta dowager along with Mrs. Elsing and Mrs. Whiting . Post-war she sells homemade pies to survive , eventually opening her own bakery . Her father - in - law Grandpa Merriwether fights in the Home Guard and survives the war . Her daughter Maybelle marries René Picard , a Louisiana Zouave . Belle Watling : is a prostitute and brothel madam who is portrayed as a loyal Confederate . Melanie declares she will acknowledge Belle when she passes her in the street , but Belle tells her not to . Robillard family ( edit ) Pierre Robillard : is the father of Ellen O'Hara . He was staunchly Presbyterian even though his family was Roman Catholic . The thought of his daughter becoming a nun was worse than her marrying Gerald O'Hara . Solange Robillard : is the mother of Ellen O'Hara and Scarlett 's grandmother . She was a dainty Frenchwoman who was snooty and cold . Eulalie and Pauline Robillard : are the married sisters of Ellen O'Hara who live in Charleston . Philippe Robillard : is the cousin of Ellen O'Hara and her first love . Philippe died in a bar fight in New Orleans around 1844 . Themes ( edit ) Survival ( edit ) If Gone with the Wind has a theme it is that of survival . What makes some people come through catastrophes and others , apparently just as able , strong , and brave , go under ? It happens in every upheaval . Some people survive ; others do n't . What qualities are in those who fight their way through triumphantly that are lacking in those that go under ? I only know that survivors used to call that quality ' gumption . ' So I wrote about people who had gumption and people who did n't . -- Margaret Mitchell , 1936 Color symbolism ( edit ) Mitchell 's use of color in the novel is symbolic and open to interpretation . Red , green , and a variety of hues of each of these colors , are the predominant palette of colors related to Scarlett . She is also linked to white by the color of her skin . Symbolically , red and green have been broadly defined to mean `` vitality '' ( red ) and `` rebirth '' ( green ) . Mitchell interwove the two colors into her description of the Tara plantation : `` red fields with springing green cotton '' . The red fields are `` blood - colored after rains '' . The whitewashed brick plantation house is virtually nondescript by comparison to the plantation fields and sits like an island in a sea of red . In springtime , the lawn around the plantation house turns emerald green . For the Irish and others , green in the novel represents Mitchell 's commemoration of her `` Green Irish heritage . '' Gerald O'Hara pridefully sings `` The Wearin ' o the Green '' . Scarlett 's green - coded Irish identity is the strength that ensures she will thrive post-war . Rhett likens Scarlett 's strength to the mythological figure Antaeus , who stays strong only when he is in contact with his Mother Earth . Scarlett 's mythical mother is Tara . Scarlett is not all green ; her name suggests the `` erotically - charged color '' red . The only openly `` scarlet woman '' in the novel is the red - headed Belle Watling , whose hair is `` too red to be true '' . Mammy is reluctant to reveal her red petticoat to Rhett ; nevertheless , she has sexual knowledge akin to Belle Watling . Scarlett , whom Mitchell pits against the war , `` prostitutes '' herself to pay the taxes on Tara . By her name , Scarlett evokes emotions and images of the color scarlet : `` blood , passion , anger , sexuality , madness '' . Reception ( edit ) Reviews ( edit ) The sales of Margaret Mitchell 's novel in the summer of 1936 , deep in the Great Depression and at the virtually unprecedented high price of three dollars , reached about one million by the end of December . The book was a bestseller by the time reviews began to appear in national magazines . Herschel Brickell , a critic for the New York Evening Post , lauded Mitchell for the way she `` tosses out the window all the thousands of technical tricks our novelists have been playing with for the past twenty years . '' Ralph Thompson , a book reviewer for The New York Times , was critical of the length of the novel , and wrote in June 1936 : I happen to feel that the book would have been infinitely better had it been edited down to say , 500 pages , but there speaks the harassed daily reviewer as well as the would - be judicious critic . Very nearly every reader will agree , no doubt , that a more disciplined and less prodigal piece of work would have more nearly done justice to the subject - matter . The novel was released in the era of the Great Depression and Mitchell worried the high $3.00 price would ruin its chance for success . By the time Mary Louise received this copy from Mother and Dad in December 1937 , the novel was the top American fiction bestseller for the second year in a row . Racial , ethnicity and social issues ( edit ) Gone with the Wind has been criticized for its stereotypical and derogatory portrayal of African Americans in the 19th century South . Former field hands during the early days of Reconstruction are described behaving `` as creatures of small intelligence might naturally be expected to do . Like monkeys or small children turned loose among treasured objects whose value is beyond their comprehension , they ran wild -- either from perverse pleasure in destruction or simply because of their ignorance . '' Commenting on this passage of the novel , Jabari Asim , author of The N Word : Who Can Say It , Who Should n't , and Why , says it is , `` one of the more charitable passages in Gone With the Wind , Margaret Mitchell hesitated to blame black ' insolence ' during Reconstruction solely on ' mean niggers ' , of which , she said , there were few even in slavery days . '' Critics say that Mitchell downplayed the violent role of the Ku Klux Klan and their abuse of freedmen . Author Pat Conroy , in his preface to a later edition of the novel , describes Mitchell 's portrayal of the Ku Klux Klan as having `` the same romanticized role it had in The Birth of a Nation and appears to be a benign combination of the Elks Club and a men 's equestrian society '' . Regarding the historical inaccuracies of the novel , historian Richard N. Current points out : No doubt it is indeed unfortunate that Gone with the Wind perpetuates many myths about Reconstruction , particularly with respect to blacks . Margaret Mitchell did not originate them and a young novelist can scarcely be faulted for not knowing what the majority of mature , professional historians did not know until many years later . In Gone with the Wind , Mitchell explores some complexities in racial issues . Scarlett was asked by a Yankee woman for advice on who to appoint as a nurse for her children ; Scarlett suggested a `` darky '' , much to the disgust of the Yankee woman who was seeking an Irish maid , a `` Bridget '' . African Americans and Irish Americans are treated `` in precisely the same way '' in Gone with the Wind , writes David O'Connell in his 1996 book , The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind . Ethnic slurs on the Irish and Irish stereotypes pervade the novel , O'Connell claims , and Scarlett is not an exception to the terminology . Irish scholar Geraldine Higgins notes that Jonas Wilkerson labels Scarlett : `` you highflying , bogtrotting Irish '' . Higgins says that , as the Irish American O'Haras were slaveholders and African Americans were held in bondage , the two ethnic groups are not equivalent in the ethnic hierarchy of the novel . The novel has been criticized for promoting plantation values . Mitchell biographer Marianne Walker , author of Margaret Mitchell and John Marsh : The Love Story Behind Gone with the Wind , believes that those who attack the book on these grounds have not read it . She said that the popular 1939 film `` promotes a false notion of the Old South '' . Mitchell was not involved in the screenplay or film production . James Loewen , author of Lies My Teacher Told Me : Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong , says this novel should be taught in schools . In 1984 , an alderman in Waukegan , Illinois , challenged the book 's inclusion on the reading list of the Waukegan School District on the grounds of `` racism '' and `` unacceptable language . '' He objected to the frequent use of the racial slur nigger . He also objected to several other books : The Nigger of the ' Narcissus ' , Uncle Tom 's Cabin , and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn for the same reason . Awards and recognition ( edit ) In 1937 , Margaret Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Gone with the Wind and the second annual National Book Award from the American Booksellers Association . It is ranked as the second favorite book by American readers , just behind the Bible , according to a 2008 Harris Poll . The poll found the novel has its strongest following among women , those aged 44 or more , both Southerners and Midwesterners , both whites and Hispanics , and those who have not attended college . In a 2014 Harris poll , Mitchell 's novel ranked again as second , after the Bible . The novel is on the list of best - selling books . As of 2010 , more than 30 million copies have been printed in the United States and abroad . More than 24 editions of Gone with the Wind have been issued in China . TIME magazine critics , Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo , included the novel on their list of the 100 best English - language novels from 1923 to the present ( 2005 ) . In 2003 the book was listed at number 21 on the BBC 's The Big Read poll of the UK 's `` best - loved novel . '' Adaptations ( edit ) Gone with the Wind has been adapted several times for stage and screen : The novel is the basis of the Academy Award - winning 1939 film produced by David Selznick and starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh . The book was adapted into a musical , Scarlett , which opened in Tokyo in 1970 ( in 1966 it was produced as a nine - hour play without music ) , and in London in 1972 , where it was reduced to four hours . The London production opened in 1973 in Los Angeles , and again in Dallas in 1976 . The Japanese Takarazuka Revue produced a musical adaptation of the novel , Kaze to Tomo ni Sarinu , which was performed by the all female Moon Troupe in 1977 . The most recent performance was in January 2014 by the Moon Troupe , with Todoroki Yuu as Rhett Butler and Ryu Masaki as Scarlett O'Hara . A 2003 French musical adaptation was produced by Gérard Presgurvic , Autant en Emporte le Vent . The book was adapted into a British musical , Gone with the Wind , and opened in 2008 in the U.K. at the New London Theatre . A full - length three - act classical ballet version , with a score arranged from the works of Antonín Dvořák and choreographed by Lilla Pártay , premiered in 2007 as performed by the Hungarian National Ballet . It was revived in their 2013 season . A new stage adaptation by Niki Landau premiered at the Manitoba Theatre Center in Winnipeg , Canada , in January 2013 . In popular culture ( edit ) 1940 Women 's Press Club skit in which Mammy Congress puts Scarlett O'Budgett into her corset before going to a ' lection party . Gone with the Wind has appeared in many places and forms in popular culture : Books , television and more ( edit ) A 1945 cartoon by World War II cartoonist , Bill Mauldin , shows an American soldier lying on the ground with Margaret Mitchell 's bullet - riddled book . The caption reads : `` Dear , Dear Miss Mitchell , You will probably think this is an awful funny letter to get from a soldier , but I was carrying your big book , Gone with the Wind , under my shirt and a ... '' In the season 3 episode of I Love Lucy , `` Lucy Writes a Novel '' , which aired on April 5 , 1954 , `` Lucy '' ( Lucille Ball ) reads about a housewife who makes a fortune writing a novel in her spare time . Lucy writes her own novel , which she titles Real Gone with the Wind . Gone with the Wind is the book that S.E. Hinton 's runaway teenage characters , `` Ponyboy '' and `` Johnny , '' read while hiding from the law in the young adult novel The Outsiders ( 1967 ) . A film parody titled `` Went with the Wind ! '' aired in a 1976 episode of The Carol Burnett Show . Burnett , as `` Starlett '' , descends a long staircase wearing a green curtain complete with hanging rod . The outfit , designed by Bob Mackie , is displayed at the Smithsonian Institution . MAD magazine created a parody of the novel , `` Groan With the Wind '' ( 1991 ) , in which Ashley was renamed `` Ashtray '' and Rhett became `` Rhetch . '' It ends with Rhetch and Ashtray running off together . A pictorial parody in which the slaves are white and the protagonists are black appeared in a 1995 issue of Vanity Fair titled , `` Scarlett ' n the Hood '' . In a MADtv comedy sketch ( 2007 ) , `` Slave Girl # 8 '' introduces three alternative endings to the film . In one ending , Scarlett pursues Rhett wearing a jet pack . 2009 The `` Curtain Dress '' from The Carol Burnett Show on display at the Smithsonian Institution Collectibles ( edit ) On June 30 , 1986 , the 50th anniversary of the day Gone with the Wind went on sale , the U.S. Post Office issued a 1 - cent stamp showing an image of Margaret Mitchell . The stamp was designed by Ronald Adair and was part of the U.S. Postal Service 's Great Americans series . On September 10 , 1998 , the U.S. Post Office issued a 32 - cent stamp as part of its Celebrate the Century series recalling various important events in the 20th century . The stamp , designed by Howard Paine , displays the book with its original dust jacket , a white Magnolia blossom , and a hilt placed against a background of green velvet . To commemorate the 75th anniversary ( 2011 ) of the publication of Gone with the Wind in 1936 , Scribner published a paperback edition featuring the book 's original jacket art . The Windies ( edit ) The Windies are ardent Gone with the Wind fans who follow all the latest news and events surrounding the book and film . They gather periodically in costumes from the film or dressed as Margaret Mitchell . Atlanta , Georgia is their mecca . Legacy ( edit ) One story of the legacy of Gone with the Wind is that people worldwide incorrectly think it was the `` true story '' of the Old South and how it was changed by the American Civil War and Reconstruction . The film adaptation of the novel `` amplified this effect . '' The plantation legend was `` burned '' into the mind of the public through Mitchell 's vivid prose . Moreover , her fictional account of the war and its aftermath has influenced how the world has viewed the city of Atlanta for successive generations . Some readers of the novel have seen the film first and read the novel afterward . One difference between the film and the novel is the staircase scene , in which Rhett carries Scarlett up the stairs . In the film , Scarlett weakly struggles and does not scream as Rhett starts up the stairs . In the novel , `` he hurt her and she cried out , muffled , frightened . '' Earlier in the novel , in an intended rape at Shantytown ( Chapter 44 ) , Scarlett is attacked by a black man who rips open her dress while a white man grabs hold of the horse 's bridle . She is rescued by another black man , Big Sam . In the film , she is attacked by a white man , while a black man grabs the horse 's bridle . The Library of Congress began a multiyear `` Celebration of the Book '' in July 2012 with an exhibition on Books That Shaped America , and an initial list of 88 books by American authors that have influenced American lives . Gone with the Wind was included in the Library 's list . Librarian of Congress , James H. Billington said : This list is a starting point . It is not a register of the ' best ' American books -- although many of them fit that description . Rather , the list is intended to spark a national conversation on books written by Americans that have influenced our lives , whether they appear on this initial list or not . Among books on the list considered to be the Great American Novel were Moby - Dick , Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , The Great Gatsby , The Grapes of Wrath , The Catcher in the Rye , Invisible Man , and To Kill a Mockingbird . Throughout the world , the novel appeals due to its universal themes : war , love , death , racial conflict , class , gender and generation , which speak especially to women . In North Korea , readers relate to the novel 's theme of survival , finding it to be `` the most compelling message of the novel '' . Margaret Mitchell 's personal collection of nearly 70 foreign language translations of her novel was given to the Atlanta Public Library after her death . On August 16 , 2012 , the Archdiocese of Atlanta announced that it had been bequeathed a 50 % stake in the trademarks and literary rights to Gone With the Wind from the estate of Margaret Mitchell 's deceased nephew , Joseph Mitchell . Margaret Mitchell had separated from the Catholic Church . However , one of Mitchell 's biographers , Darden Asbury Pyron , stated that Margaret Mitchell had `` an intense relationship '' with her mother , who was a Roman Catholic . Original manuscript ( edit ) The Crescent Apartments in Atlanta , Georgia , where Margaret Mitchell wrote her novel , is now operated as the Margaret Mitchell House and Museum . Although some of Mitchell 's papers and documents related to the writing of Gone with the Wind were burned after her death , many documents , including assorted draft chapters , were preserved . The last four chapters of the novel are held by the Pequot Library of Southport , Connecticut . Publication and reprintings ( 1936 - usa ) ( edit ) The first printing of 10,000 copies contains the original publication date : `` Published May , 1936 '' . After the book was chosen as the Book - of - the - Month 's selection for July , publication was delayed until June 30 . The second printing of 25,000 copies ( and subsequent printings ) contains the release date : `` Published June , 1936 . '' The third printing of 15,000 copies was made in June 1936 . Additionally , 50,000 copies were printed for the Book - of - the - Month Club July selection . Gone with the Wind was officially released to the American public on June 30 , 1936 . Sequels and prequels ( edit ) Although Mitchell refused to write a sequel to Gone with the Wind , Mitchell 's estate authorized Alexandra Ripley to write a sequel , which was titled Scarlett . The book was subsequently adapted into a television mini-series in 1994 . A second sequel was authorized by Mitchell 's estate titled Rhett Butler 's People , by Donald McCaig . The novel parallels Gone With the Wind from Rhett Butler 's perspective . In 2010 , Mitchell 's estate authorized McCaig to write a prequel , which follows the life of the house servant Mammy , whom McCaig names `` Ruth '' . The novel , Ruth 's Journey , was released in 2014 . The copyright holders of Gone with the Wind attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone by Alice Randall , which retold the story from the perspective of the slaves . A federal appeals court denied the plaintiffs an injunction ( Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin ) against publication on the basis that the book was parody and therefore protected by the First Amendment . The parties subsequently settled out of court and the book went on to become a New York Times Best Seller . A book sequel unauthorized by the copyright holders , The Winds of Tara by Katherine Pinotti , was blocked from publication in the United States . The novel was republished in Australia , avoiding U.S. copyright restrictions . Away from copyright lawsuits , Internet fan fiction has proved to be a fertile medium for sequels ( some of them book - length ) , parodies , and rewritings of Gone with the Wind . Numerous unauthorized sequels to Gone with the Wind have been published in Russia , mostly under the pseudonym Yuliya Hilpatrik , a cover for a consortium of writers . The New York Times states that most of these have a `` Slavic '' flavor . Several sequels were written in Hungarian under the pseudonym Audrey D. Milland or Audrey Dee Milland , by at least four different authors ( who are named in the colophon as translators to make the book seem a translation from the English original , a procedure common in the 1990s but prohibited by law since then ) . The first one picks up where Ripley 's Scarlett ended , the next one is about Scarlett 's daughter Cat . Other books include a prequel trilogy about Scarlett 's grandmother Solange and a three - part miniseries of a supposed illegitimate daughter of Carreen . See also ( edit ) Atlanta portal State of Georgia portal Books portal Novels portal Lost Laysen , a 1916 novella written by Mitchell Southern literature Southern Renaissance Le Monde 's 100 Books of the Century References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : About the Author Jump up ^ Margaret Mitchell , touched by the `` far away , faintly sad sound I wanted '' of the third stanza 's first line , chose that line as the title of her novel Gone with the Wind . https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/SOURCE-of-the-TITLE-GWTW-Margaret-Mitchell-Gone-with-the-Wind Jump up ^ Obituary : Miss Mitchell , 49 , Dead of Injuries ( August 17 , 1949 ) New York Times . Retrieved May 14 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` People on the Home Front : Margaret Mitchell '' , Sgt . H.N. Oliphant , Yank , ( October 19 , 1945 ) , p. 9 . Retrieved May 12 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Edwards , Anne ( 1983 ) . Road to Tara : The Life of Margaret Mitchell . New Haven , Connecticut : Ticknor & Fields . pp. 17 -- 18 . ISBN 9780899191690 . ^ Jump up to : Gavin Lambert , `` The Making of Gone With the Wind '' , Atlantic Monthly , ( February 1973 ) . Retrieved May 14 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Joseph M. Flora , Lucinda H. MacKethan , Todd Taylor ( 2002 ) , The Companion to Southern Literature : themes , genres , places , people , movements and motifs , Louisiana State University Press , p. 308 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 2692 - 6 Jump up ^ `` Gone with the Wind '' . Merriam - Webster 's Encyclopedia of Literature . Encyclopaedia Britannica . Jump up ^ Jenny Bond and Chris Sheedy ( 2008 ) , Who the Hell is Pansy O'Hara ? : The Fascinating Stories Behind 50 of the World 's Best - Loved Books , Penguin Books , p. 96 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 311364 - 5 Jump up ^ Ernest Dowson ( 1867 -- 1900 ) , `` Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae sub Regno Cynarae '' . Retrieved March 31 , 2012 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , Chapter 24 Jump up ^ John Hollander , ( 1981 ) The Figure of Echo : a mode of allusion in Milton and after , University of California Press , p. 107 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 520 - 05323 - 6 Jump up ^ William Flesch , ( 2010 ) The Facts on File Companion to British Poetry , 19th century , Infobase Publishing , p. 89 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8160 - 5896 - 9 Jump up ^ Poem of the week : `` Non sum qualis eram bonae sub regno Cynarae '' by Ernest Dowson , Carol Rumen ( March 14 , 2011 ) The Guardian . Retrieved January 2 , 2014 . Jump up ^ As the narrative begins , `` ' General Beauregard shelled ( the Yankees ) out of Fort Sumter day before yesterday ' '' ( April 13 ) , Part 1 , Chapter 1 , 15th paragraph . ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 1 ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 6 ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 7 ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 9 Jump up ^ `` When this Cruel War is Over ( Weeping , Sad and Lonely ) '' , Charles C. Sawyer and Henry Tucker , published by J.C. Schreiner & Son , Savannah , Georgia , 1862 . Stephen Collins Foster : Popular American Music Collection . Jump up ^ Weeping Sad and Lonely sung by Elizabeth Foster from the documentary Civil War Songs and Stories , copyright Nashville Public Television , 2011 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 17 Jump up ^ Part 3 , chapter 22 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 35 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 42 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 47 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 50 Jump up ^ Part 5 , chapter 53 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 54 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 56 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 57 Jump up ^ Part 5 , chapter 59 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 63 ^ Jump up to : Kathryn Lee Seidel ( 1985 ) , The Southern Belle in the American Novel , University Presses of Florida , p. 53 . ISBN 0 - 8130 - 0811 - 5 ^ Jump up to : `` A Critic at Large : A Study in Scarlett '' Claudia Roth Pierpont , ( August 31 , 1992 ) The New Yorker , p. 87 . Retrieved May 15 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Ken Gelder ( 2004 ) , Popular Fiction : the logics and practices of a literary field , New York : Taylor & Francis e-Library , p. 49 . ISBN 0 - 203 - 02336 - 6 Jump up ^ Pamela Regis ( 2011 ) , A Natural History of the Romance Novel , University of Pennsylvania Press , p. 48 . ISBN 0 - 8122 - 1522 - 2 Jump up ^ Deborah Lutz ( 2006 ) , The Dangerous Lover : Villains , Byronism , and the nineteenth - century seduction narrative , The Ohio State University , p. 1 & 7 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8142 - 1034 - 5 Jump up ^ James W. Elliott ( 1914 ) , My Old Black Mammy , New York City : Published weekly by James W. Elliott , Inc . OCLC 823454 Jump up ^ Junius P. Rodriguez ( 2007 ) , Slavery in the United States : a social , political and historical encyclopedia . Santa Barbara : ABC - CLIO , Vol. 2 : p. 372 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85109 - 549 - 0 Jump up ^ Tim A. Ryan ( 2008 ) , Calls and Responses : the American Novel of Slavery since Gone With the Wind , Louisiana State University Press , p. 69 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8071 - 3322 - 4 . Jump up ^ Ryan ( 2008 ) , Calls and Responses , p. 22 - 23 . ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 37 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 38 Jump up ^ Ryan ( 2008 ) , Calls and Responses , p. 23 . Jump up ^ William Wells Brown ( 1847 ) , Narrative of William W. Brown , Fugitive Slave , Boston : Published at the Anti-Slavery Office , No. 25 Cornhill , p. 15 . OCLC 12705739 Jump up ^ Kimberly Wallace - Sanders ( 2008 ) , Mammy : a century of race and Southern memory , University of Michigan Press , p. 130 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 472 - 11614 - 0 Jump up ^ `` The Old Black Mammy '' , ( January 1918 ) Confederate Veteran . Retrieved April 24 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Love 's Old , Sweet Song '' , J.L. Molloy and G. Clifton Bingham , 1884 . Retrieved April 27 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Micki McElya ( 2007 ) , Clinging to Mammy : the faithful slave in twentieth - century America , Harvard University Press , p. 3 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 674 - 02433 - 5 Jump up ^ Flora , J.M. , et al. , The Companion to Southern Literature : themes , genres , places , people , movements and motifs , pp. 140 -- 144 . Jump up ^ Carolyn Perry and Mary Louise Weaks ( 2002 ) , The History of Southern Women 's Literature , Louisiana State University Press , p. 261 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 2753 - 1 ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 3 Jump up ^ Seidel , K.L. , The Southern Belle in the American Novel , p. 53 - 54 Jump up ^ Pierpont , C.R. , '' A Critic at Large : A Study in Scarlett `` , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Seidel , K.L. , The Southern Belle in the American Novel , p. 54 . Jump up ^ Perry , C. , et al. , The History of Southern Women 's Literature , pp. 259 , 261 . Jump up ^ Betina Entzminger ( 2002 ) , The Belle Gone Bad : White Southern women writers and the dark seductress , Louisiana State University Press , p. 106 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 2785 - X Jump up ^ Why we love -- and hate -- ' Gone with the Wind ' . Todd Leopold ( December 31 , 2014 ) CNN . Retrieved February 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Giselle Roberts ( 2003 ) , The Confederate Belle , University of Missouri Press , p. 87 - 88 . ISBN 0 - 8262 - 1464 - 9 Jump up ^ Laura F. Edwards ( 2000 ) , Scarlett Does n't Live Here Anymore : Southern Women and the Civil War Era , University of Illinois Press , p. 3 . ISBN 0 - 252 - 02568 - 7 Jump up ^ Jennifer W. Dickey ( 2014 ) , A Tough Little Patch of History : Gone with the Wind and the politics of memory , University of Arkansas Press , p. 66 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55728 - 657 - 4 Jump up ^ Ada W. Bacot and Jean V. Berlin ( 1994 ) , A Confederate Nurse : The Diary of Ada W. Bacot , 1860 -- 1863 , University of South Carolina Press , pp. ix -- x , 1 , 4 . ISBN 1 - 57003 - 386 - 2 Jump up ^ Kate Cumming and Richard Barksdale Harwell ( 1959 ) , Kate : The Journal of a Confederate Nurse , Louisiana State University Press , p. xiii . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8071 - 2267 - 9 Jump up ^ Cumming , K. , et al. , Kate : The Journal of a Confederate Nurse , p. 15 . ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 14 Jump up ^ Part 2 , chapter 15 ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 16 Jump up ^ Henry Marvin Wharton ( 1904 ) , War Songs and Poems of the Southern Confederacy , 1861 -- 1865 , Philadelphia : The John C. Winston Co. , p. 188 . OCLC 9348166 ^ Jump up to : Daniel E. Sutherland ( 1988 ) , The Confederate Carpetbaggers , Louisiana State University Press , p. 4 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 1393 - X ^ Jump up to : Elizabeth Young , ( 1999 ) Disarming the Nation : Women 's Writing and the American Civil War , University of Chicago Press , p. 254 . ISBN 0 - 226 - 96087 - 0 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 41 ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 11 ^ Jump up to : Young , E. , Disarming the Nation : women 's writing and the American Civil War , p. 252 Jump up ^ William Shakespeare , A Midsummer Night 's Dream , Act 5 , Scene 1 : The poet 's eye , in fine frenzy rolling , Doth glance from heaven to Earth , from Earth to heaven . Jump up ^ Anne Goodwyn Jones ( 1981 ) , Tomorrow is Another Day : The woman writer in the South 1859 -- 1936 , Baton Rouge : University of Louisiana Press , p. 354 - 355 . ISBN 0 - 8071 - 0776 - X ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 2 ^ Jump up to : Young , E. , Disarming the Nation : women 's writing and the American Civil War , p. 253 . Jump up ^ Jones , A.G. , Tomorrow is Another Day : the woman writer in the South 1859 -- 1936 , p. 355 . Jump up ^ Darden Asbury Pyron ( 1991 ) , Southern Daughter : the life of Margaret Mitchell , New York : Oxford University Press , p. 320 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 505276 - 3 Jump up ^ Craig Thompson Friend , ( 2009 ) Southern Masculinity : Perspectives on Manhood in the South since Reconstruction , University of Georgia Press , p. xviii . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8203 - 3674 - 9 Jump up ^ Part 4 , chapter 33 Jump up ^ Lutz , D. , The Dangerous Lover : Villains , Byronism , and the Nineteenth - century Seduction Narrative , p. 84 . Jump up ^ John S. Farmer ( 1889 ) , Farmer 's Dictionary of Americanisms , Thomas Poulter & Sons , p. 473 . OCLC 702331118 Jump up ^ Leslie Dunkling ( 1990 ) , A Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address , London ; New York : Routledge , p. 216 . ISBN 0 - 415 - 00761 - 5 Jump up ^ Part 4 , chapter 31 Jump up ^ Part 4 , chapters 37 & 46 ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 13 ^ Jump up to : Numan V. Bartley ( 1988 ) , The Evolution of Southern Culture , University of Georgia Press , p. 99 . ISBN 0 - 8203 - 0993 - 1 Jump up ^ Margaret Mitchell and Patrick Allen ( 2000 ) , Margaret Mitchell : Reporter , Athens : Hill Street Press , p. 152 - 154 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57003 - 937 - 9 Jump up ^ Young , E. , Disarming the Nation : women 's writing and the American Civil War , p. 259 . ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 62 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 19 ^ Jump up to : Part 5 , chapter 61 Jump up ^ `` The Strange Story Behind Gone With the Wind '' , Actor Cordell , Jr . ( February 1961 ) Coronet , p. 106 . Retrieved April 24 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 39 Jump up ^ Part 3 , chapter 25 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 30 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 36 ^ Jump up to : Part 4 , chapter 46 ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 5 ^ Jump up to : Part 1 , chapter 4 Jump up ^ Part 4 , chapter 44 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 29 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 26 Jump up ^ Part 2 , chapter 10 Jump up ^ Part 4 , chapter 32 ^ Jump up to : Part 2 , chapter 8 Jump up ^ Part 3 , chapter 23 ^ Jump up to : Part 3 , chapter 21 Jump up ^ Part 3 , chapter 18 ^ Jump up to : `` Color Symbolism and Mythology in Margaret Mitchell 's Novel Gone with the Wind '' , O. Levitski and O. Dumer ( September 2006 ) Magazine Americana . Retrieved December 8 , 2013 . Jump up ^ David O'Connell ( 1996 ) , The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind , Decatur : Claves & Petry Ltd , p. 58 & 63 . ISBN 978 - 0965309301 Jump up ^ Bryan Albin Giemza ( 2013 ) , Rethinking the Irish in the American South : beyond rounders and reelers , University Press of Mississippi , p. 85 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 61703 - 798 - 6 Jump up ^ Pyron , D.A. , Southern Daughter : The Life of Margaret Mitchell , p. 366 . Jump up ^ Young , E. , Disarming the Nation : women 's writing and the American Civil War , p. 268 & 272 . Jump up ^ Catherine Clinton ( 1994 ) , Half Sisters of History : Southern Women and the American Past , Duke University Press , p. 176 . ISBN 978 - 0822314967 Jump up ^ Helen Taylor ( 1989 ) , Scarlett 's Women : Gone with the Wind and its Female Fans , Rutgers University Press , p. 79 . ISBN 0 - 8135 - 1496 - 7 Jump up ^ Pierpont , C.R. , A Critic at Large : A Study in Scarlett , p. 88 . Jump up ^ `` Books of the Times : Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell '' , Ralph Thompson , ( June 30 , 1936 ) New York Times . Retrieved May 13 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Brown , E. , et al. , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood , Taylor Trade Publishing , p. 44 & 167 . ^ Jump up to : James Loewen `` Debunking History '' , US History transcript from May 12 , 2000 . Retrieved April 2 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Jabari Asim ( 2007 ) , The N Word : Who Can Say It , Who Should n't , and Why , New York : Houghton Mifflin Company , p. 150 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 618 - 19717 - 0 Jump up ^ Pat Conroy , Preface to Gone With the Wind , Pocket Books edition Jump up ^ Albert E. Castel ( 2010 ) , Winning and Losing in the Civil War : Essays and Stories , University of South Carolina Press , p. 87 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 57003 - 917 - 1 Jump up ^ O'Connell , D. , The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind , p. 14 - 15 & 71 . Jump up ^ Part 5 , chapter 49 Jump up ^ Giemza , B.A. , Rethinking the Irish in the American South : Beyond Rounders and Reelers , p. 80 - 81 & 83 . Jump up ^ Marianne Walker ( 1993 ) , Margaret Mitchell and John Marsh : The Love Story behind Gone With the Wind , Atlanta : Peachtree Publishers , p. vii ( preface to 2011 edition ) . ISBN 978 - 1 - 56145 - 617 - 8 Jump up ^ Dawn B. Sova ( 2006 ) , Banned Books : Literature Suppressed on Social Grounds , New York : Infobase Publishing , p. 166 . ISBN 0 - 8160 - 6271 - 4 Jump up ^ 5 Honors Awarded on the Year 's Books : ... , The New York Times , Feb 26 , 1937 , page 23 . ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times ( 1851 -- 2007 ) Jump up ^ The Bible is America 's Favorite Book Followed by Gone With the Wind , ( April 8 , 2008 ) Business Wire . Retrieved May 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` The Bible Remains America 's Favorite Book '' , Harris Interactive ; Retrieved April 29 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Brown , Ellen F. , et al. , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood , p. 320 . Jump up ^ Full List - ALL TIME 100 Novels , Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo , ( October 16 , 2005 ) TIME . Retrieved May 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ TIME 'S List of the 100 Best Novels , James Kelly , ( October 16 , 2005 ) TIME . Retrieved May 10 , 2011 Jump up ^ `` BBC - The Big Read '' . BBC . April 2003 , Retrieved October 27 , 2012 Jump up ^ Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , IMDb ; Retrieved February 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Brown , E.F. , et al. , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood , p. 292 - 293 . Jump up ^ Gone with the Wind ( Moon 1977 ) Retrieved February 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Gone with the Wind ( Moon 2014 ) Retrieved February 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ fr : Autant en emporte le vent ( comédie musicale ) Jump up ^ Gone With The Wind , New London Theatre , London , Michael Billingon , ( April 22 , 2008 ) The Guardian . Retrieved February 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gone With the Wind Dvorak , A. / Pártay L. Archived February 4 , 2013 , at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved November 6 , 2012 Jump up ^ Gone With the Wind is frankly worth giving a damn about . Retrieved March 9 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Walker , M. , Margaret Mitchell and John Marsh : The Love Story Behind Gone With the Wind , p. 454 . Jump up ^ I Love Lucy - Lucy Writes a Novel . Retrieved February 11 , 2013 Jump up ^ Marylou Morano Kjelle ( 2008 ) , S.E. Hinton : Author of The Outsiders , Lake Book Mfg , p. 28 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7660 - 2720 - 6 Jump up ^ The Carol Burnett Show : Season 10 , Episode 8 . Retrieved February 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Carol Burnett -- We Just Ca n't Resist Her ! '' . May 14 , 2009 . Retrieved August 19 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Groan With the Wind '' , Jack Davis and Stan Hart ( January 1991 ) , Mad # 300 . Jump up ^ Young , E. , Disarming the Nation : women 's writing and the American Civil War , p. 281 Jump up ^ MADtv ( season 12 ) Jump up ^ Gone With the Wind ( Alternate Endings ) . Retrieved September 19 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Gone With the Wind Stamps Jump up ^ Margaret Mitchell and Pat Conroy ( 1936 ) , Gone With the Wind , 75th Anniversary Edition ( 2011 paperback ) , New York : Scribner . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4516 - 3562 - 1 Jump up ^ `` Frankly , My Dear , the ' Windies ' Do Live for This '' Kim Severson , ( April 13 , 2011 ) The New York Times . Retrieved May 2 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Joel Williamson ( 1993 ) , William Faulkner and Southern History , Oxford University Press , p. 245 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 507404 - 1 Jump up ^ Flora , J.M. , et al. , The Companion to Southern Literature : themes , genres , places , people , movements and motifs , p. 143 . Jump up ^ Dickey , J.W. , A Tough Little Patch of History : Gone with the Wind and the politics of memory , p. 40 . Jump up ^ Celia R. Daileader ( 2005 ) , Racism , Misogyny , and the Othello Myth : Inter-racial Couples from Shakespeare to Spike Lee , Cambridge University Presses , p. 168 - 169 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 84878 - 7 Jump up ^ Entzminger , B. , The Belle Gone Bad : white Southern women writers and the dark seductress , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Books That Shaped America Retrieved July 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Perry , C. , et al. , The History of Southern Women 's Literature , p. 266 - 267 . Jump up ^ Reading Gone With the Wind in Pyongyang Archived October 29 , 2012 , at the Wayback Machine. , Tim Sullivan , ( October 25 , 2012 ) TIME magazine . Retrieved November 4 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Brown , E.F. ; et al. Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood . p. 278 . Jump up ^ `` Margaret Mitchell 's Nephew Leaves Estate to Atlanta Archdiocese '' , Shelia M. Poole , ( August 16 , 2012 ) The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Retrieved August 17 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Brown , E.F. , et al. , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood , p. 271 - 272 . Jump up ^ A Piece of ' Gone With the Wind ' Is n't Gone After All , Charles McGrath , ( March 29 , 2011 ) The New York Times . Retrieved October 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Brown , E.F. , et al. , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood , p. 61 , 75 , 81 - 82 & 91 . Jump up ^ Alexandra Ripley ( 1994 ) , Scarlett , Pan Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 330 - 30752 - 9 Jump up ^ IMDb Scarlett ( TV mini-series 1994 ) Jump up ^ Donald McCaig ( 2007 ) , Rhett Butler 's People , Macmillan . ISBN 978 - 0 - 312 - 94578 - 7 / Jump up ^ `` Mammy Revealed , and Not Just Her Red Petticoat Gone With the Wind Prequel Coming in October '' Julie Bosman ( March 26 , 2014 ) The New York Times . Retrieved March 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Alice Randall ( 2001 ) , The Wind Done Gone , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . ISBN 978 - 0 - 618 - 10450 - 5 . Jump up ^ Katherine Pinotti ( 2008 ) , The Winds of Tara , Fontaine Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9803623 - 5 - 0 Jump up ^ Gomez - Galisteo , M. Carmen The Wind Is Never Gone Sequels , Parodies and Rewritings of Gone with the Wind . Jefferson , NC : McFarland , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Frankly My Dear , Russians Do Give a Damn '' , Alessandra Stanley , ( August 29 , 1994 ) The New York Times . Retrieved June 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Sequels of famous novels Further reading ( edit ) Adams , Amanda . `` ' Painfully Southern ' : Gone with the Wind , the Agrarians , and the Battle for the New South , '' Southern Literary Journal ( 2007 ) 40 : 58 -- 75 . Bevilacqua , Kathryne . `` History Lessons from Gone With the Wind , '' Mississippi Quarterly , 67 ( Winter 2014 ) , 99 -- 125 . Bonner , Peter . `` Lost In Yesterday : Commemorating The 70th Anniversary of Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With The Wind `` . Marietta , GA : First Works Publishing Co. , Inc. , 2006 . Brown , Ellen F. and John Wiley , Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind : A Bestseller 's Odyssey from Atlanta to Hollywood . Lanham , MD : Taylor Trade , 2011 . Dickey , Jennifer W. A Tough Little Patch of History : Gone with the Wind and the Politics of Memory . Fayetteville , AR : University of Arkansas Press , 2014 . Farr , Finis . Margaret Mitchell of Atlanta : The Author of Gone with the Wind . New York : Morrow , 1965 . Gomez - Galisteo , M. Carmen The Wind Is Never Gone Sequels , Parodies and Rewritings of Gone with the Wind . Jefferson , NC : McFarland , 2011 . Haag , John . `` Gone With the Wind in Nazi Germany . '' Georgia Historical Quarterly 73 # 2 ( 1989 ) : 278 - 304 . in JSTOR Harwell , Richard , ed . Gone with the Wind as Book and Film Columbia , SC : University of South Carolina Press , 1983 . Harwell , Richard , ed . Margaret Mitchell 's Gone with the Wind Letters , 1936 -- 1949 . New York : Macmillan , 1976 . Haskell , Molly . Frankly My Dear : Gone with the Wind Revisited . New Haven , CT : Yale University Press , 2010 . Pyron , Darden Asbury , ed . Recasting : Gone with the Wind in American Culture . Florida International University Press , 1983 . Pyron , Darden Asbury . Southern Daughter : The Life of Margaret Mitchell and the Making of Gone with the Wind . Athens , GA : Hill Street Press , 1991 . Rubin , Anne Sarah . `` Revisiting Classic Civil War Books : ' Why Gone with the Wind Still Matters ; or , Why I Still Love Gone with the Wind , ' '' Civil War History ( March 2013 ) 59 # 1 pp 93 -- 98 online External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Gone with the Wind ( novel ) The Scarlett Letter , a quarterly publication devoted to the Gone with the Wind phenomenon Gone with the Wind at Faded Page ( Canada ) Gone with the Wind ( public domain in Australia ) at eBooks@Adelaide ( The University of Adelaide Library ) Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1918 -- 1925 His Family by Ernest Poole ( 1918 ) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington ( 1919 ) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton ( 1921 ) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington ( 1922 ) One of Ours by Willa Cather ( 1923 ) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson ( 1924 ) So Big by Edna Ferber ( 1925 ) 1926 -- 1950 Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis ( declined ) ( 1926 ) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield ( 1927 ) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder ( 1928 ) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin ( 1929 ) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge ( 1930 ) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes ( 1931 ) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck ( 1932 ) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling ( 1933 ) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller ( 1934 ) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson ( 1935 ) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis ( 1936 ) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell ( 1937 ) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand ( 1938 ) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings ( 1939 ) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck ( 1940 ) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow ( 1942 ) Dragon 's Teeth by Upton Sinclair ( 1943 ) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin ( 1944 ) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey ( 1945 ) All the King 's Men by Robert Penn Warren ( 1947 ) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener ( 1948 ) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens ( 1949 ) The Way West by A.B. Guthrie Jr. ( 1950 ) 1951 -- 1975 The Town by Conrad Richter ( 1951 ) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk ( 1952 ) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway ( 1953 ) A Fable by William Faulkner ( 1955 ) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor ( 1956 ) A Death in the Family by James Agee ( 1958 ) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor ( 1959 ) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury ( 1960 ) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee ( 1961 ) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor ( 1962 ) The Reivers by William Faulkner ( 1963 ) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau ( 1965 ) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter ( 1966 ) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud ( 1967 ) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron ( 1968 ) House Made of Dawn by N. 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Annie Proulx ( 1994 ) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields ( 1995 ) Independence Day by Richard Ford ( 1996 ) Martin Dressler : The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser ( 1997 ) American Pastoral by Philip Roth ( 1998 ) The Hours by Michael Cunningham ( 1999 ) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri ( 2000 ) 2001 -- present The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon ( 2001 ) Empire Falls by Richard Russo ( 2002 ) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides ( 2003 ) The Known World by Edward P. Jones ( 2004 ) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson ( 2005 ) March by Geraldine Brooks ( 2006 ) The Road by Cormac McCarthy ( 2007 ) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz ( 2008 ) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout ( 2009 ) Tinkers by Paul Harding ( 2010 ) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan ( 2011 ) No award given ( 2012 ) The Orphan Master 's Son by Adam Johnson ( 2013 ) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt ( 2014 ) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr ( 2015 ) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen ( 2016 ) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead ( 2017 ) ( hide ) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell Characters Scarlett O'Hara Rhett Butler Ashley Wilkes Melanie Hamilton India Wilkes Adaptations Gone with the Wind ( film ) Scarlett ( musical ) Autant en emporte le vent Gone with the Wind ( musical ) Related works The Making of a Legend : Gone with the Wind Scarlett ( novel ) Scarlett ( miniseries ) The Wind Done Gone Rhett Butler 's People The Scarlett O'Hara War `` Went with the Wind ! '' Related `` Frankly , my dear , I do n't give a damn '' Tara plantation Twelve Oaks Margaret Mitchell House and Museum Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co . GND : 4205951 - 3 BNF : cb12228416m ( data ) NDL : 001141628 BNE : XX2092892 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)&oldid=826614984 '' Categories : Gone with the Wind 1936 American novels Macmillan Publishers books American Civil War novels Pulitzer Prize for the Novel - winning works National Book Award for Fiction winning works American novels adapted into films Love stories Novels about American slavery Novels set in Atlanta Clayton County , Georgia Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January 2018 Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links Use mdy dates from October 2012 Pages to import images to Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 Articles with Project Gutenberg links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Azərbaycanca Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 20 February 2018 , at 02 : 56 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is the main character in gone with the wind | ['Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O\'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman\'s destructive "March to the Sea". This historical novel features a Bildungsroman or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.[2]'] | ["Scarlett O'Hara"] | Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive "March to the Sea". This historical novel features a Bildungsroman or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.[2] |
[question]: What is the name of the main character in the novel "Gone with the Wind"?
[answer]: The main character in the novel "Gone with the Wind" is Scarlett O'Hara. | What is the name of the main character in the novel "Gone with the Wind"? | The main character in the novel "Gone with the Wind" is Scarlett O'Hara. | 1 | 7.400549 | 13 | 94 | 1 |
3,408 | -1,134,847,560,464,595,300 | Avengers: Infinity War | Avengers : Infinity War - wikipedia Avengers : Infinity War `` Infinity War '' redirects here . For the 1992 comic book storyline , see The Infinity War . 2018 superhero film produced by Marvel Studios Avengers : Infinity War Theatrical release poster Directed by Anthony Russo Joe Russo Produced by Kevin Feige Screenplay by Christopher Markus Stephen McFeely Based on The Avengers by Stan Lee Jack Kirby Starring Robert Downey Jr . Chris Hemsworth Mark Ruffalo Chris Evans Scarlett Johansson Benedict Cumberbatch Don Cheadle Tom Holland Chadwick Boseman Paul Bettany Elizabeth Olsen Anthony Mackie Sebastian Stan Danai Gurira Letitia Wright Dave Bautista Zoe Saldana Josh Brolin Chris Pratt Music by Alan Silvestri Cinematography Trent Opaloch Edited by Jeffrey Ford Matthew Schmidt Production company Marvel Studios Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Release date April 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 23 ) ( Dolby Theatre ) April 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 27 ) ( United States ) Running time 149 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $316 -- 400 million Box office $2.042 billion Avengers : Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2012 's The Avengers and 2015 's Avengers : Age of Ultron , and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo , written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely , and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Hemsworth , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Evans , Scarlett Johansson , Benedict Cumberbatch , Don Cheadle , Tom Holland , Chadwick Boseman , Paul Bettany , Elizabeth Olsen , Anthony Mackie , Sebastian Stan , Danai Gurira , Letitia Wright , Dave Bautista , Zoe Saldana , Josh Brolin , and Chris Pratt . In the film , the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy attempt to stop Thanos from amassing the all - powerful Infinity Stones . The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers : Infinity War -- Part 1 . The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May , Markus and McFeely had signed on to write the script for the film , which drew inspiration from Jim Starlin 's 1991 The Infinity Gauntlet comic and Jonathan Hickman 's 2013 Infinity comic . In 2016 , Marvel shortened the title to Avengers : Infinity War . Filming began in January 2017 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia , with a large cast consisting mostly of actors reprising their roles from previous MCU films . The production lasted until July 2017 , shooting back - to - back with an untitled direct sequel . Additional filming took place in Scotland , England , the Downtown Atlanta area , and New York City . With an estimated budget in the range of $316 -- 400 million , it is one of the most expensive films ever made . Avengers : Infinity War held its world premiere on April 23 , 2018 in Los Angeles and was released in the United States on April 27 , 2018 , in 2D , Real D 3D , IMAX and IMAX 3D . The film received praise for the performances of the cast ( particularly Brolin 's ) and the emotional weight of the story , as well as the visual effects and action sequences . It became the fourth film and the first superhero film to gross over $2 billion worldwide , breaking numerous records and becoming the highest - grossing film of 2018 to date . The currently untitled sequel is set to be released on May 3 , 2019 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Music 5 Release 5.1 Marketing 5.2 Home media 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.1. 1 Pre-sale ticket records 6.1. 2 United States and Canada 6.1. 3 Other territories 6.2 Critical response 6.3 Accolades 7 Sequel 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Plot Having acquired the Power Stone from the planet Xandar , Thanos and his lieutenants -- Ebony Maw , Cull Obsidian , Proxima Midnight , and Corvus Glaive -- intercept a spaceship carrying the last survivors of Asgard . As they extract the Space Stone from the Tesseract , Thanos subdues Thor , overpowers Hulk , and kills Loki . Heimdall sends Hulk to Earth using the Bifröst before being killed . Thanos departs with his lieutenants and obliterates the ship . Hulk crash - lands at the Sanctum Sanctorum in New York City , reverting to Bruce Banner . He warns Stephen Strange and Wong about Thanos ' plan to kill half of all life in the universe ; in response , Strange recruits Tony Stark . Maw and Obsidian arrive to retrieve the Time Stone from Strange , drawing the attention of Peter Parker . Maw captures Strange , but fails to take the Time Stone due to an enchantment . Stark and Parker pursue Maw 's spaceship , Banner contacts Steve Rogers , and Wong stays behind to guard the Sanctum . In Scotland , Midnight and Glaive ambush Wanda Maximoff and Vision in order to retrieve the Mind Stone in Vision 's forehead . Rogers , Natasha Romanoff , and Sam Wilson rescue them and take shelter with James Rhodes and Banner at the Avengers Compound . Vision offers to sacrifice himself by having Maximoff destroy the Mind Stone to keep Thanos from retrieving it . Rogers suggests they travel to Wakanda , which he believes has the resources to remove the stone without destroying Vision . The Guardians of the Galaxy respond to a distress call from the Asgardian ship and rescue Thor , who surmises Thanos seeks the Reality Stone , which is in the possession of the Collector on Knowhere . Rocket and Groot accompany Thor to Nidavellir , where they and Eitri create a battle - axe capable of killing Thanos . On Knowhere , Peter Quill , Gamora , Drax , and Mantis find Thanos with the Reality Stone already in his possession . Thanos kidnaps Gamora , his adoptive daughter , who reveals the location of the Soul Stone to save her captive adoptive sister Nebula from torture . Thanos and Gamora travel to Vormir , where Red Skull , keeper of the Soul Stone , informs him the stone can only be retrieved by sacrificing someone he loves . Thanos reluctantly kills Gamora , earning the stone . Nebula escapes captivity and asks the remaining Guardians to meet her on Thanos ' destroyed homeworld , Titan . Stark and Parker kill Maw and rescue Strange . Landing on Titan , they meet Quill , Drax , and Mantis . The group forms a plan to remove Thanos ' Infinity Gauntlet after Strange uses the Time Stone to view millions of possible futures , seeing only one in which Thanos loses . Thanos arrives , justifying his plans as necessary to ensure the survival of a universe threatened by overpopulation . The group subdues him until Nebula deduces that Thanos has killed Gamora . Enraged , Quill attacks him , allowing Thanos to break the group 's hold and overpower them . Stark is seriously wounded by Thanos , but is spared after Strange surrenders the Time Stone to Thanos . In Wakanda , Rogers reunites with Bucky Barnes before Thanos ' army invades . The Avengers , alongside T'Challa and the Wakandan forces , mount a defense while Shuri works to extract the Mind Stone from Vision . Banner , unable to transform into the Hulk , fights in Stark 's Hulkbuster armor . Thor , Rocket , and Groot arrive to reinforce the Avengers ; Midnight , Obsidian , and Glaive are killed and their army is routed . Thanos arrives and despite Maximoff 's attempt to destroy the Mind Stone , removes it from Vision , killing him . Thor severely wounds Thanos , but Thanos activates the completed Infinity Gauntlet and teleports away . Half of all life across the universe disintegrates , including Barnes , T'Challa , Groot , Maximoff , Wilson , Mantis , Drax , Quill , Strange , and Parker , as well as Maria Hill and Nick Fury ; the latter is able to transmit a distress signal first . Stark and Nebula remain on Titan while Banner , M'Baku , Okoye , Rhodes , Rocket , Rogers , Romanoff , and Thor are left on the Wakandan battlefield . Meanwhile , Thanos watches a sunrise on another planet . Cast Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man : The leader and benefactor of the Avengers , who is a self - described genius , billionaire , playboy , and philanthropist with electromechanical suits of armor of his own making . Co-director Joe Russo explained that Stark `` senses this greater threat approaching , so he is doing everything in his power to keep the Earth safe '' . Downey added that Stark would have smaller goals than in previous films , with the idea of him as a tinkerer continued from Iron Man 3 , although this was not reflected in the final film . Chris Hemsworth as Thor : An Avenger and the king of Asgard , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name . Joe Russo stated that Thor 's storyline picks up after the events of Thor : Ragnarok , which finds him in a `` very profound ... very interesting place '' with `` real emotional motivation '' . At the recommendation of Hemsworth , writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely consulted Thor : Ragnarok director Taika Waititi and screenwriter Eric Pearson to help carry over the comedic and tragic elements of the re-toned Thor from that film . Thor now wields a mystical axe known as Stormbreaker , after the destruction of his hammer Mjolnir in Ragnarok . Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk : An Avenger and a genius scientist who , because of exposure to gamma radiation , transforms into a monster when enraged or agitated . Banner spends the film trying to reintegrate with the Avengers , and also tries to `` impress upon everybody how dangerous Thanos is '' . This continues a story arc for the character that was established in Thor : Ragnarok and concludes in the Infinity War sequel , with the difference between Hulk and Banner `` starting to blur a little bit '' . Ruffalo described Hulk in Infinity War as having the mental capacity of a five - year - old . Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America : A fugitive superhero and leader of a faction of Avengers . A World War II veteran , he was enhanced to the peak of human physicality by an experimental serum and frozen in suspended animation before waking up in the modern world . Joe Russo said after the events of Captain America : Civil War , Rogers struggles with the conflict between his responsibility to himself and his responsibility to others . The character embodies the `` spirit '' of his comic alternate identity Nomad in the film , and receives new vibranium gauntlets from Shuri to replace his traditional shield . Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow : A highly trained spy , a member of Rogers ' faction of Avengers , and a former agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Johansson said that Romanoff 's situation in the aftermath of the events of Captain America : Civil War has been `` a dark time . I would n't say that my character has been particularly hopeful , but I think she 's hardened even more than she probably was before . '' Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange : A former neurosurgeon who , after a car accident that led to a journey of healing , discovered the hidden world of magic and alternate dimensions , and became a Master of the Mystic Arts . Markus and McFeely described Strange as `` ( ending ) up being the reasonable adult in the room '' with the `` widest perspective available '' due to the film 's stakes . Aaron Lazar served as Cumberbatch 's stand - in until the latter completed filming on The Current War . At that point , Cumberbatch re-shot scenes where his face needed to be seen . Julian `` JayFunk '' Daniels once again assisted Cumberbatch with his finger - tutting movements . Don Cheadle as James `` Rhodey '' Rhodes / War Machine : A Colonel in the U.S. Air Force who operates the War Machine armor and is an Avenger . Following his paralysis during the events of Civil War , Rhodes is given an apparatus by Stark to walk again , although he is reluctant to don his War Machine armor and rejoin the Avengers due to his injury . Cheadle believed that Rhodes is `` negotiating this reunion and his rejoining this team '' . He also explained that Rhodes ' relationship with Stark `` deepened '' from his accident , saying , `` I think Tony feels somewhat responsible and culpable in a way . But again , he 's always had my back in a way that only he could really have . '' Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider - Man : A teenager and Stark 's protegé who received spider - like abilities after being bitten by a genetically - modified spider . Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther : The king of the African nation of Wakanda , who gained his enhanced strength by ingesting the Heart - Shaped Herb . Paul Bettany as Vision : An android and Avenger created using the artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. , Ultron , and the Mind Stone . Anthony Russo called Vision `` a living MacGuffin . Obviously , that raises the stakes because Vision 's life is in danger , and his life is in conflict with Thanos ' goals , so something 's got to give . '' Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch : A member of Rogers ' faction of Avengers , who can harness magic and engage in hypnosis and telekinesis . Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson / Falcon : A member of Rogers ' faction of Avengers and former pararescueman trained by the military in aerial combat , using a specially designed wing pack . Mackie noted that Wilson has a grudge with other heroes like Iron Man and Black Panther after the events of Civil War . Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier : An enhanced assassin and Rogers ' ally and best friend , who reemerged brainwashed after being thought killed in action during World War II . Barnes , who formerly went by Winter Soldier , is given the name White Wolf by the people of Wakanda , who helped remove his Hydra programming . Tom Hiddleston as Loki : Thor 's adoptive brother , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name . Idris Elba as Heimdall : The all - seeing , all - hearing Asgardian former sentry of the Bifröst Bridge , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name . Peter Dinklage as Eitri : King of the Dwarves of Nidavellir , and weaponsmith , based on the Norse mythological dwarf of the same name . Benedict Wong as Wong : One of the Masters of the Mystic Arts , tasked with protecting some of Kamar - Taj 's most valuable relics and books . Pom Klementieff as Mantis : A member of the Guardians of the Galaxy with empathic powers . Karen Gillan as Nebula : An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as siblings . Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer : A member of the Guardians and warrior in search of vengeance against Thanos for killing his family . At the end of each day of filming , Bautista would have to sit in a sauna to remove his makeup . Zoe Saldana as Gamora : A member of the Guardians , who is an orphan from an alien world and raised by Thanos , seeking redemption for her past crimes . Ariana Greenblatt portrays a young Gamora . Vin Diesel as Groot : A member of the Guardians who is a tree - like humanoid . Executive producer James Gunn explained that Groot is still an adolescent in the film , in the same state of growth seen in one of the post-credit scenes in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 . Terry Notary provided motion capture for Groot , and said the character is `` coming of age , so you 'll see the teenager find a mentor to look up to and to model himself after '' . Bradley Cooper as Rocket : A member of the Guardians who is a genetically - engineered raccoon - based bounty hunter and mercenary , and is a master of weapons and battle tactics . Sean Gunn was again the stand - in for Rocket during filming , with his acting and expressions serving as motion reference for the character . Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts : Stark 's fiancée and the CEO of Stark Industries . Downey felt that `` Pepper remains the heart of the ( Iron Man ) story '' , which was not a focal point in some of the preceding films with Stark . Downey continued that `` we wanted to get back to that reality . Not just for them , but let 's really see how that can add to the something - worth - fighting - for of it all . '' Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector : One of the Elders of the Universe , who is an obsessive keeper of the largest collection of interstellar fauna , relics , and species of all manner in the galaxy . Josh Brolin as Thanos : An intergalactic despot from Titan who longs to collect all six of the Infinity Stones in order to impose his will on all of reality , wanting to `` re-balance the universe '' . Producer Kevin Feige added that Thanos believes the universe is becoming over-populated , which led to the destruction of his home moon Titan and is something he vowed not to let happen again , and also said `` you could almost go so far as to say he is the main character of '' the film . McFeely shared this sentiment , describing the film as his `` hero journey '' in addition to being the film 's protagonist , stating , `` Part of that is the things that ( mean ) the most to him . We wanted to show that . It was n't just power ; it was n't just an ideal ; it was people . '' Brolin likened Thanos to `` the Quasimodo of this time '' and the novel Perfume , since Thanos was born deformed and considered a `` freak '' on Titan , while Joe Russo would reference The Godfather for Brolin at times , which Brolin felt helped `` to emotionalize the whole thing '' . Brolin further added that he preferred playing Thanos over Cable in Deadpool 2 because of the amount of work that went into creating the character . Thanos does not wear armor for most of the film , which is symbolic of his growing power as he collects the Infinity Stones . In addition to voicing for the character , Brolin performed motion capture on set . Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star - Lord : The half - human , half - Celestial leader of the Guardians who was abducted from Earth as a child , and raised by a group of alien thieves and smugglers called the Ravagers . Pratt described his role in the film as `` a cameo ... you get to be a little more vibrant ; a little more irreverent ; a little bit more colorful if you want it to be '' . Additionally , several other actors reprise their MCU roles : Danai Gurira as Okoye , the head of the Dora Milaje ; Letitia Wright as T'Challa's sister Shuri ; William Hurt as Thaddeus Ross , the U.S. Secretary of State ; Kerry Condon as the voice of Stark 's A.I. F.R.I.D.A.Y. ; Winston Duke as M'Baku , the leader of Wakanda 's mountain tribe the Jabari ; Florence Kasumba as Ayo , a member of the Dora Milaje ; Jacob Batalon as Parker 's friend Ned ; Isabella Amara as Parker 's classmate Sally ; Tiffany Espensen as Parker 's classmate Cindy ; and Ethan Dizon as Parker 's classmate Tiny . Samuel L. Jackson and Cobie Smulders make uncredited cameos as Nick Fury and Maria Hill , the former director and deputy director of S.H.I.E.L.D , respectively , in the film 's post-credits scene . Thanos ' henchmen , known collectively in the comics as the Black Order and in the film as the `` Children of Thanos '' , include Terry Notary as Cull Obsidian , Tom Vaughan - Lawlor as Ebony Maw , Carrie Coon as Proxima Midnight , and Michael James Shaw as Corvus Glaive . The foursome provided voices and motion - capture performances on set for their characters . As Coon was pregnant during filming , she mainly did facial capture for Proxima Midnight with some motion - capture , with stuntwoman Monique Ganderton standing - in and providing the rest on set . Ross Marquand portrays Johann Schmidt / Red Skull , the `` Stonekeeper '' and former Nazi commander of Hydra during World War II . Marquand replaces Hugo Weaving , who had expressed reluctance to reprise the character from Captain America : The First Avenger . Avengers co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance in the film as Parker 's school bus driver , while screenwriter Stephen McFeely cameos as Secretary Ross 's aide . Kenneth Branagh , the director of Thor , voices an Asgardian distress caller in an uncredited cameo . David Cross was invited to make a cameo appearance as Tobias Fünke , his character from the sitcom Arrested Development , which the Russo brothers had previously worked on ; this was prevented by a scheduling conflict , but Fünke still appears in the film as a specimen in the Collector 's collection , played by an uncredited extra . Jon Favreau was to reprise his role as Happy Hogan , but his scene did not make the theatrical cut of the film . Production Main article : Production of Avengers : Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel In October 2014 , Marvel announced a two - part sequel to Avengers : Age of Ultron , titled Avengers : Infinity War . Part 1 was scheduled to be released on May 4 , 2018 , with Part 2 scheduled for May 3 , 2019 . In April 2015 , Marvel announced that Anthony and Joe Russo would direct both parts of Avengers : Infinity War , with back - to - back filming expected to begin in 2016 . The same month , Kevin Feige said that the Infinity War films would be two distinct films `` because they ( have ) such shared elements , it felt appropriate ... to ( subtitle the films ) like that . But I would n't call it one story that 's cut in half . I would say it 's going to be two distinct movies . '' By May 2015 , Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely had signed on to write the screenplays for both parts of the film , which draws inspiration from Jim Starlin 's 1991 `` The Infinity Gauntlet '' comic and Jonathan Hickman 's 2013 `` Infinity '' comic . Anthony Russo added the film was inspired by 1990s heist films , with Thanos `` on a smash - and - grab ( to acquire the Infinity Stones ) , and everybody 's trying to catch up the whole movie '' . In May 2016 , the Russos revealed that they would retitle the two films , to further remove the misconception that they were one large film split in two , with Joe stating , `` The intention is we will change ( the titles ) , we just have n't come up with ( them ) yet . '' That July , Marvel revealed the film 's title would be shortened to simply Avengers : Infinity War . Principal photography began on January 23 , 2017 , under the working title Mary Lou , at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia , with Trent Opaloch as director of photography . Infinity War , along with its sequel , were shot using IMAX / Arri 2D cameras , thus marking the first time that a Hollywood feature film was shot entirely with IMAX digital cameras . In early February , Marvel confirmed the involvement of Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man , Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star - Lord , and Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider - Man in the film . Additional filming took place in Scotland beginning in February 2017 . The filming occurred in Edinburgh , Glasgow and the Scottish Highlands , with studio work taking place at Wardpark Studios in Cumbernauld . Filming also began at Durham Cathedral in Durham , England in early May 2017 . In late June 2017 , filming occurred in Downtown Atlanta , as well as Atlanta 's Central Park in early July , before moving to Queens , New York in the middle of the month . Filming concluded on July 14 , 2017 . For the film 's final scene , where Thanos emerges healed in a nipa hut , the filmmakers partnered with Indochina Productions , a studio based in Thailand , to acquire footage of the Banaue Rice Terraces at Ifugao , Philippines . Later in July 2017 , Joe Russo stated there were a couple of unfinished scenes for Infinity War that would be shot `` in the next few months '' . In early March 2018 , Disney moved the release of Infinity War in the United States to April 27 , 2018 , to have it be released the same weekend as some of its international markets . Visual effects for the film were created by Industrial Light & Magic , Framestore , Method Studios , Weta Digital , Double Negative , Cinesite , Digital Domain , Rise , Lola VFX , and Perception . With an estimated budget in the range of $316 -- 400 million , it is one of the most expensive films ever made . Music Main article : Avengers : Infinity War ( soundtrack ) In June 2016 , Alan Silvestri , who composed the score for The Avengers , was revealed to be returning to score both Infinity War and its sequel . Silvestri started to record his score in January 2018 , and concluded in late March . Silvestri felt working on the film `` was a really different experience than anything I 'd done before , especially in regard to the approach and balancing quick shifts in tone '' . Ludwig Göransson 's theme from Black Panther is also used in the film . Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released the soundtrack album digitally on April 27 , 2018 , with a release on physical formats following on May 18 . Two versions were released , a regular and deluxe edition , with the deluxe edition featuring some extended and additional tracks . Release Avengers : Infinity War held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on April 23 , 2018 , screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman 's Chinese Theatre . It was released in most countries worldwide , including the United States , on April 27 , 2018 , with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25 , and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens . In the United States , the film opened in 4,474 theaters , 408 of which were IMAX ; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second - widest ever after Despicable Me 3 's 4,529 theaters . Three of AMC Theatres ' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight , with 53 of their locations having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand . In India , the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film , opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages . The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries . It was originally scheduled to be released on May 4 , 2018 in the United States . The Chinese release of the film , which opened on May 11 , 2018 , was originally scheduled to end on June 10 , 2018 , but was granted a `` rare '' extension of 30 days , to end on July 9 , 2018 . Select footage from the film was screened around various cities during the film 's press tour in early April , ahead of the film 's Los Angeles premiere . The Russos noted that only a limited amount of the film would be shown at these screenings to reduce the chance of spoilers being leaked . Adam Chitwood of Collider commented that this was `` highly unusual as most Marvel movies are screened in their entirety for press about a month before they hit theaters '' . Ahead of the United States release , AMC Theatres in New York City and Orlando , Florida aired an eleven - MCU film marathon beginning on April 25 , leading to a screening of Infinity War . The El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles also had a similar marathon ahead of the film 's release . Marketing From left to right : Kevin Feige , Chris Hemsworth , Tom Hiddleston , Chadwick Boseman and Mark Ruffalo at the 2017 San Diego Comic - Con In May 2017 , Robert Downey Jr. and his philanthropic organization Random Act Funding partnered with Omaze to initiate a contest to benefit the organization . A randomly chosen winner from those that donated would receive an Infinity War set visit . A life - sized statue of Thanos , created by Legacy Effects , was on display at D23 Expo 2017 , alongside statues of the Black Order / `` Children of Thanos '' : Corvus Glaive , Proxima Midnight , Ebony Maw , and Cull Obsidian . Additionally , Feige , Joe Russo , Downey , Brolin , Bettany , Olsen , Klementieff , Gillan , Bautista , Cheadle , Mackie , Cumberbatch , Stan , Holland , Boseman , Ruffalo and Hemsworth appeared at D23 Expo to present a clip highlighting the 10 years of MCU films , along with footage from Infinity War . The footage , which was screened exclusively for the panel , received strong audience reaction , with fans `` literally on their feet and jumping as the footage played '' . Julia Alexander of Polygon commented , `` to say that there was quite a bit happening in the trailer would be one hell of an understatement , but that 's not what got me excited about the promises Infinity War may deliver upon . Seeing Spider - Man in the same movie as Iron Man , Thor , Star - Lord and the Scarlet Witch finally feels like Marvel has made the movie it always wanted to -- and the one we 've always wanted to see . For nearly ten years we dreamt of this reality and to see it play across a massive screen ... it was impossible to not feel emotional . '' CinemaBlend 's Eric Eisenberg said the footage left him `` literally shaking '' , with the film looking `` like it could be one of the most epic blockbusters ever created '' , concluding `` the hype ( for the film ) most definitely feels very , very real '' . Haleigh Foutch for Collider said , `` It looks dark and dramatic , and utterly epic . It 's clear Marvel is trying to do something different here ... to pay off a decade 's worth of narrative and world - building . While it 's impossible to tell from two minutes work of footage , it certainly looks like that gamble paid off . '' The D23 footage was also shown at the 2017 San Diego Comic - Con International . Due to the two convention presentations , Avengers : Infinity War generated over 90,000 new conversations on social media from July 17 to 23 , the third-most during that time period behind Thor : Ragnarok and Justice League , according to comScore and its PreAct service . Infinity War stayed in third the following week , with over 41,000 new social media conversations , behind Ragnarok and It . By the week of October 16 , Infinity War had generated over 679,000 total social media conversations . To promote the release of the film 's first trailer , Marvel released `` a retrospective video looking back at some of its best trailers '' since Iron Man , `` paired with fan reaction videos to those trailers '' . The first trailer for Avengers : Infinity War debuted on Good Morning America on November 29 , 2017 . Josh Spiegel of The Hollywood Reporter said , `` The trailer promises , in many ways , exactly what anyone with a passing familiarity with superhero movies would expect ... '' but `` the most important part of the trailer is how it carefully , deliberately introduces the notion that the Infinity War films are going to function as a passing of the torch , from one set of Avengers to a newer group . '' Scott Mendelson writing , for Forbes , noted that even though the trailer was not much different from the convention footage screened earlier in the year , it was `` damn impressive . Moreover , it uses Nick Fury 's big ' Avengers Initiative ' speech , along with Alan Silvestri 's Avengers theme , to excellent effect . '' Conversely to Mendelson , Alexander commented on the different marketing strategy for the film between the convention footage scenes and the trailer scenes , feeling the `` two could n't be more different '' . She noted how the convention footage ( `` meant to please a crowd running on little sleep and jittery with anticipation '' ) was released between Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and Thor : Ragnarok , and `` ( i ) t made sense to use Thor and the Guardians to hype up ( Infinity War ) '' because `` Marvel relied on the anticipation of Thor : Ragnarok and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 's success to excite fans , and footage of older movies set to classic Marvel scores as a way to drive home how this movie is an event in itself . '' Conversely , the trailer ( `` designed to explain what 's about to happen , teasing it out with additional background '' ) heavily featured Black Panther and Wakanda , which Alexander said could not have been done earlier , without the additional marketing for Black Panther that happened after the conventions to provide additional context . Gael Cooper of CNET observed that the trailer was viewed nearly 500,000 times in its first 15 minutes after it was posted on YouTube , but questioned if the trailer broke the site after the view counter appeared to be stuck at 467,331 . The trailer was viewed 230 million times in its first 24 hours , becoming the most viewed trailer in that time period , surpassing the record of It . In January 2018 , Marvel Comics published a two - issue prequel comic titled Avengers : Infinity War Prelude , which serves as a bridge between Captain America : Civil War and Avengers : Infinity War . A commercial for Infinity War aired during Super Bowl LII . The ad generated the most social media buzz out of all the films advertised during the Super Bowl , according to comScore and United Talent Agency ; it was viewed 17.6 million times across YouTube and Facebook . On February 27 , 2018 , Disney and Marvel announced the Marvel : The Universe Unites charity campaign leading to the release of merchandise for the film on March 3 . The week - long event saw stars from the film create social media challenges to provide funds and raise awareness for charities that support children and families impacted by serious illness . If their collective posts reached 1 million likes , Marvel said they would make a $250,000 donation to Starlight Children 's Foundation . Additionally , Disney planned to donate 10 % of sales of all Marvel products purchased at Disney Stores in the United States and online on the weekend of March 3 to the Make - A-Wish Foundation , up to $50,000 . Hasbro donated $1 million worth of cash and products to Give Kids the World Village and Funko made a $1 million toy donation to Starlight . A second trailer was released on March 16 , 2018 , which earned over 1 million views on YouTube in less than three hours after it was released . Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Post was not overly enthused about another superhero film having `` special - effects - heavy villains , or the sight of yet another mysterious object hanging over the Manhattan skyline '' , but felt the trailer made her realize `` that I 'm actually looking forward to seeing ( the characters of the MCU ) get to know each other '' . Josh Spiegel of The Hollywood Reporter agreed with Rosenberg about the potential for character interactions , noting the trailer `` suggests that some of these meetings are going to keep up the playful tone of recent MCU movies '' . He continued , `` It is arguably gimmicky to pile up all of the crossover - style introductions or combinations of heroes in a movie like this , like a superpowered version of two well liked TV shows crossing over primarily in the hopes of getting more viewers to pay attention . But the entire Marvel Cinematic Universe is built on a foundation of these heroes existing within the same space , so their eventual meetings have a level of anticipation that exceeds that of watching them face off against Thanos . '' The second trailer was viewed 179 million times in the first 24 hours , the third-most viewed trailer in that time period , behind the first trailer for the film and It , while also becoming the biggest release for a second trailer , surpassing Beauty and the Beast ( 128 million views ) . A week before the film 's release , the Burj Khalifa in Dubai was lit up each night for the film , counting down to its release . Marvel also featured tie - in events across seven of their mobile games to promote the film . In early May 2018 , Marvel and Epic Games announced the `` Infinity Gauntlet Limited Time Mashup '' mode for Fortnite Battle Royale , where players can find the Infinity Gauntlet hidden on the game map and become Thanos with added abilities . The Russo brothers were fans of Fortnite and approached Donald Mustard , the worldwide creative director of Epic Games , about the potential for a crossover between the properties . On November 20 , 2018 , Little , Brown and Company will publish Marvel 's Avengers : Infinity War : Thanos -- Titan Consumed , written by Barry Lyga . Despite not existing within Marvel Studios ' MCU canon , the novel explores the origins of Thanos before the events of the film . Lyga noted he spoke with Marvel Studios to get an `` outline of who Thanos is and what he means to the movies '' , and `` was given great latitude and a free hand ( in some areas of the story ) , while in others I had to tip - toe very carefully through the MCU '' . Additional marketing partners for the film included Coca - Cola , Quicken Loans and their Rocket Mortgage service , the Infiniti QX50 ( which is also featured in the film ) , Ziploc , Go - Gurt , Yoplait , Synchrony Bank , American Airlines , and Stand Up to Cancer . The partners created television commercials `` inspired by or featuring the film 's characters and themes '' , interactive digital initiatives , and robust in - store presences at numerous retailers . Duracell , Unilever , Quaker Oats Company , Chevron , and Samsung ran promotions in smaller markets . Coca - Cola , Ziploc , Go - Gurt , and Yoplait created special packaging in support of the film , with Synchrony implementing a `` Save Like a Hero '' campaign , and Stand Up to Cancer and American Airlines launching a national campaign with a PSA starring Johansson and Hemsworth . In the United Kingdom , OnePlus released an Infinity War edition for one of their smartphones . Deadline Hollywood estimated the media value was $150 million , the largest for any Marvel film , with Coca - Cola contributing an estimated $40 million . Home media Avengers : Infinity War is scheduled to be released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on July 31 , 2018 , and on Ultra HD Blu - ray , Blu - ray , and DVD on August 14 . The digital and Blu - ray releases include behind - the - scenes featurettes , audio commentary , deleted scenes , and a blooper reel . The digital release also features a roundtable discussion between MCU directors the Russos , Jon Favreau , Joss Whedon , James Gunn , Ryan Coogler , Peyton Reed , and Taika Waititi . Reception Box Office Main article : List of box office records set by Avengers : Infinity War As of July 15 , 2018 , Avengers : Infinity War has grossed $676 million in the United States and Canada , and $1.365 billion in other territories , for a worldwide total of $2.041 billion . It is the fourth highest - grossing film of all time , as well as the highest - grossing film of 2018 , the highest - grossing MCU film , and the highest - grossing superhero film . Its worldwide opening weekend of $640.5 million is the biggest of all time , beating The Fate of the Furious ' $541.9 million . It crossed the $1 billion threshold at the worldwide box office in 11 days , becoming the fastest film to reach the milestone , eclipsing Star Wars : The Force Awakens ' record of 12 days . Also in its second weekend , Infinity War passed $13.5 million from 4DX screens , which was the all - time record for the format . On June 12 , 2018 , Avengers : Infinity War passed the $2 billion mark at the worldwide box office , becoming the fourth film to cross that milestone after Avatar , Titanic , and The Force Awakens . Crossing the mark in 48 days was the second fastest to that point , after Avatar 's 47 - day record . With $140 million worldwide from IMAX , the film is the third - largest worldwide in the format , behind Avatar and The Force Awakens , and the largest gross for a Marvel film . In May 2018 , two weeks after its release , Deadline Hollywood deduced the film had already broken even , and estimated its net profit would be around $600 million , accounting for production budgets , P&A , talent participations and other costs , with box office grosses and ancillary revenues from home media . Pre-sale ticket records In December 2017 , a survey from Fandango indicated that Infinity War was the most anticipated film of 2018 . Fandango reported that Infinity War achieved the largest initial 24 - hour ticket pre-sales for a superhero film in just six hours , surpassing the record from Black Panther . Atom Tickets also reported that Infinity War sold more tickets in its first pre-sales day than Black Panther sold in its first month . Within 72 hours , the film generated the biggest amount of pre-sales for any superhero film at AMC Theatres . AMC noted that Infinity War 's advance ticket sales were 257.6 % ahead of Black Panther 's , 751.5 % ahead of Captain America : Civil War , and 1,106.5 % ahead of Avengers : Age of Ultron during the same time frame . Two weeks before its release , Fandango revealed that advance ticket sales for Infinity War were outpacing the last seven MCU films combined in the same timeframe , and had become the company 's top April release . It was also on pace to become the top superhero film , with Fandango 's Erik Davis noting , `` Infinity War has built up such unprecedented anticipation that it 's pacing to break records , the likes of which we have never seen before for a superhero movie . '' A week before the film released , The Wall Street Journal noted the film had sold more than $50 million worth of advance tickets , behind only Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) and Star Wars : The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) , with Fandango reporting that more than 2,500 showtimes had sold out . On Atom Tickets , Infinity War had the most pre-sale volume , selling 7 % higher than The Last Jedi and 250 % higher than Black Panther at the same point in their sales . Atom also reported that ticket sales for Infinity War were doubling daily the week of its release , the fastest rate of increase the service has seen for any MCU title . United States and Canada Avengers : Infinity War earned $106.7 million on its opening day in the United States and Canada ( including $39 million from Thursday night previews ) , for an opening weekend total of $258.2 million . The Thursday night preview earning was the best for an MCU film ( beating Avengers : Age of Ultron 's $27.6 million ) and the fourth - best of all time , behind The Force Awakens ( $57 million ) , The Last Jedi ( $45 million ) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( $43.5 million ) . Fandango reported that $14 million of the $39 million came from ticket pre-sales from the company . The opening day gross was the second - best ever , behind The Force Awakens ' $119.1 million , its Saturday gross of $83 million was the best - ever Saturday gross , beating Jurassic World 's $69.6 million , and its Sunday gross of $69.2 million was the best - ever , beating The Force Awakens ' $60.5 million . The total weekend gross became highest - grossing opening weekend of all time , beating The Force Awakens ' $248 million . IMAX contributed $22.5 million to the opening weekend gross , which was the best opening for a Marvel film in the format and the third - biggest opening , behind The Force Awakens ( $30 million ) and The Last Jedi ( $24.7 million ) . AMC reported that the film had the highest Friday and Saturday box office gross for a single title in the company 's history , while Fandango reported that approximately $84 million worth of tickets were sold through the service , approximately 30 % , which was the largest share of the weekend box office for any film in the company 's history . Avengers : Infinity War earned an additional $25 million the Monday after its opening weekend , which was the highest grossing Monday in April , beating Furious 7 ( $14 million ) , and the second - best Monday gross for an MCU film , after Black Panther ( $40.1 million ) . The next day , it earned $23.5 million , which was the highest grossing Tuesday for an MCU film , beating Black Panther ( $20.8 million ) , and the highest grossing Tuesday in May , beating The Avengers ( $17.6 million ) . It also tied The Force Awakens for the fastest to reach $300 million at five days . The film remained number one in its second weekend , earning $115.5 million , which was the second - best second weekend ever after The Force Awakens ( $149.2 million ) . Infinity War also surpassed $400 million in the weekend , doing so in nine days , becoming the second fastest film to reach that mark , again after The Force Awakens 's eight days . In its third weekend , Infinity War remained number one at the box office , and became the second - fastest film to surpass $500 million , doing so in 15 days ( behind The Force Awakens 's 10 days ) . The weekend also saw its total domestic IMAX gross become $48.1 million , which was the highest for any MCU film . The film 's fourth weekend saw it come in second , behind Deadpool 2 , and in its fifth it finished third behind Solo : A Star Wars Story and Deadpool 2 . By May 23 , Infinity War surpassed $600 million , becoming the second - fastest film to do so in 26 days , after The Force Awakens ( 12 days ) . It remained in the top ten through its ninth weekend . It is the fourth highest - grossing film of all time , and the second highest - grossing superhero film . The film is projected to gross $650 -- 675 million for its total final domestic gross . Other territories Outside the United States and Canada , the film earned $382.7 million from 52 markets , opening number one in all , and became the number two opening internationally , behind The Fate of the Furious ( $444.2 million ) . IMAX contributed $18.5 million , which was the best opening outside of the US , Canada , and China , surpassing The Force Awakens ( $17.5 million ) . All - time opening weekend records were set in South Korea ( $39.2 million ) , Mexico ( $25.4 million ) , Brazil ( $19.1 million ) , India ( for a Western release , $18.6 million ) , the Philippines ( $12.5 million ) , Thailand ( $10 million ) , Indonesia ( $9.6 million ) , Malaysia , Hong Kong , Vietnam , Central America , Peru , Chile , Ecuador , Venezuela , Bolivia , South Africa , Turkey , the United Arab Emirates , and West Africa , with many also setting opening day records . Australia opened with $6.7 million , which was the second biggest opening day of all time , behind The Force Awakens ; it went on to have the second - highest opening weekend ever , with $23.2 million . France 's opening day gross of $3.9 million was the highest ever for the month of April and the largest ever for an MCU film , while the same amount in Italy was the third - highest opening day and biggest superhero and Disney opening ever . France went on to earn $17.7 million , the biggest superhero opening in the market . Denmark , Finland , Norway , Portugal , and Sweden had the best opening for a superhero film . The United Kingdom earned $8.9 million , which was the biggest MCU opening day and third highest opening day for a Disney film ; it would go on to earn $41.4 million for the weekend , which was the third - highest of all time and the second - highest Disney opening . The United Kingdom also had the highest grossing Saturday ever . Argentina had the second highest opening day of all time , while Germany had the best superhero film opening day of all time , ultimately earning $14.7 million , which was the best superhero opening ever . Austria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , the Czech Republic , Estonia , Greece , Hungary , the Middle East , Poland , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Ukraine also broke superhero film records . Japan had the second - biggest opening for an MCU film with $9 million . Avengers : Infinity War remained number one in its 54 markets in its second weekend . The $4.9 million opening day in Russia was the biggest of all time . Infinity War was also the first film in Russia to sell more than 1 million tickets in a single day , and went on to gross $17.6 million in the market , a new opening weekend record . IMAX contributed $2.2 million in the market , which was also an opening weekend record . In its third weekend , the film remained number one in a majority of its markets . Infinity War opened in China to $200 million ( RMB 1.266 billion ) , which was the second highest opening weekend in local currency behind The Fate of the Furious ( $184 million and RMB 1.352 million ) . IMAX contributed $20.5 million , which was the third - largest opening in China . Infinity War also broke China 's pre-sale record of 400 million yuan ( $63 million ) . In India , Infinity War became the first Hollywood film to earn over ₹ 2 billion net ( $29.7 million ) , and also became the highest grossing MCU film in the United Kingdom . In its sixth weekend , the film became the highest grossing MCU film in Japan with $33 million . The film became the highest grossing release ever in Brazil , Indonesia , the Philippines , Central America , Bolivia , Venezuela , Latin America as a region , Mexico , Chile , Ecuador , Peru , Malaysia , Singapore , India ( for a Western release ) , Vietnam , Indonesia , Thailand ( for a Western release ) , and Mongolia , the second - highest in the Asia - Pacific region ( for a Western release ) , Hong Kong , and South Korea ( for a Western release ) and the third - highest in China ( for a Western release ) . It is also the highest - grossing superhero film in Belgium , Bosnia , Bulgaria , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Hungary , Macedonia , the Netherlands , Poland , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Switzerland , the United Arab Emirates , Ukraine , and the United Kingdom . As of June 17 , 2018 , the film 's top markets are China ( $373.4 million ) , the United Kingdom ( $95.7 million ) , and South Korea ( $92.8 million ) . The film is the third highest - grossing film of all time in territories outside the United States and Canada . Critical response Josh Brolin 's performance as Thanos was praised by many critics . The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 83 % approval rating based on 338 reviews , and an average rating of 7.4 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Avengers : Infinity War ably juggles a dizzying array of MCU heroes in the fight against their gravest threat yet , and the result is a thrilling , emotionally resonant blockbuster that ( mostly ) realizes its gargantuan ambitions . '' Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 68 out of 100 , based on 53 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A '' on an A+ to F scale , while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 87 % overall positive score and a 68 % `` definite recommend '' . Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter praised the writers ' and directors ' ability to balance the large cast of characters , saying , `` ... writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely and directors Anthony and Joe Russo , under the supervision of Marvel Films maestro Kevin Feige , acknowledge the traffic jam of egos and play it for laughs '' . Owen Gleiberman of Variety concurred , stating , `` Infinity War is a brashly entertaining jamboree , structured to show off each hero or heroine and give them just enough to do , and to update their mythologies without making it all feel like homework . '' Rolling Stone 's Peter Travers said the film is `` too much of a good thing '' and wrote , `` The Russo brothers have clearly never learned the concept that less is more . They 've used the premise of an Avengers reunion to put on a fireworks explosion of action and laughs that wo n't quit . '' Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun - Times called it Marvel 's `` biggest and most ambitious movie yet '' , but concluded `` it 's certainly not the best . However , there 's plenty of action , humor and heart -- and some genuinely effective dramatic moments . '' Roeper went on to praise the film 's cast and Josh Brolin in particular , whom he called `` the film 's most interesting performance '' . Gleiberman called Brolin 's motion capture performance `` supremely effective '' and said , `` Brolin infuses Thanos with his slit - eyed manipulative glower , so that the evil in this movie never feels less than personal . '' McCarthy wrote , `` Brolin 's calm , considered reading of the character bestows this conquering beast with an unexpectedly resonant emotional dimension , making him much more than a thick stick figure of a supervillain . '' McCarthy also praised the film 's action sequences , saying `` Infinity War brims with tensely spectacular combat sequences , even if the question of who 's going to win each one has that extravagantly arbitrary could - Mighty - Mouse - beat - up - Superman ? quality . '' Gleiberman called the scale of the action , `` astonishing '' , and Travers wrote , `` Avengers : Infinity War leaves viewers up in the air , feeling exhilarated and cheated at the same time , aching for a closure that never comes ... at least not yet . '' Josh Spiegel , also of The Hollywood Reporter , said the film takes `` a cue from the ending of The Empire Strikes Back in its super-sized finale ; this is the equivalent of Han Solo frozen in the carbonite , on steroids . '' A.O. Scott of The New York Times criticized the film 's reliance on other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , saying , `` Considered on its own , as a single , nearly 2 - hour - 40 - minute movie , Avengers : Infinity War makes very little sense '' , but conceded that it `` was never meant to be viewed or judged in isolation '' . Richard Brody of The New Yorker agreed , stating , `` The insubstantiality of the film is n't due to the infinite yet flimsy malleability of C.G.I. gimmickry but , instead , to the dispersion of its drama throughout the many cinematic installations set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . '' Stephanie Zacharek of Time said , `` ( It ) is n't really a beginning , but more of a middle or an end with a new piece of yarn attached . You need to have seen and internalized every one of the previous 18 Marvel Cinematic Universe movies to fully get it . '' Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times called it a `` brisk , propulsive , occasionally rousing and borderline - gutsy continuation of a saga that finally and sensibly seems to be drawing to a close '' , but called its ultimate bid for catharsis `` unsuccessful '' , saying , `` Not even the threat of universal annihilation , it seems , will keep this assembly line from chugging ahead with its signature polished , mechanized efficiency . '' Scott also criticized the action sequences , calling them `` tedious and predictable '' and writing , `` The noisy , bloated spectacles of combat were surely the most expensive parts of the movie , but the money seems less like an imaginative tool than a substitute for genuine imagination . '' Likewise , Zacharek said , `` There 's no pacing in Avengers : Infinity War . It 's all sensation and no pulse . Everything is big , all of the time . '' Accolades Year Award Category Recipient ( s ) Result Ref ( s ) 2018 Golden Trailer Awards Best Action `` Millions '' ( Mocean ) Nominated Best Teaser `` Balance '' ( Mocean ) Nominated Best Original Score `` Millions '' ( Mocean ) Nominated MTV Movie & TV Awards Best Movie Avengers : Infinity War Nominated Best Villain Josh Brolin Nominated Best Fight Scarlett Johansson , Danai Gurira , Elizabeth Olsen vs. Carrie Coon Nominated Teen Choice Awards Choice Action Movie Avengers : Infinity War Pending Choice Action Movie Actor Chris Evans Pending Robert Downey Jr . Pending Tom Holland Pending Choice Action Movie Actress Elizabeth Olsen Pending Scarlett Johansson Pending Zoe Saldana Pending Choice Movie Villian Josh Brolin Pending Choice Hissy Fit Mark Ruffalo Pending Sequel Main article : Untitled Avengers film An untitled sequel is scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 , with the Russos returning to direct , and Markus and McFeely once again writing the screenplay . Notes Jump up ^ Identified off - screen to be a message to Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel . References Jump up ^ Keene , Allison ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War : ' The Russo Brothers on Action , Tone , and Movies That Influenced the MCU Sequel '' . Collider . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2018 . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2018 . 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Jump up ^ Zalben , Alex ; Horowitz , Josh ( April 12 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's Movie Future : Here 's Everything You Need To Know Through ... Phase 4 ? '' . MTV . Archived from the original on April 13 , 2015 . Retrieved April 12 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Mark ( May 7 , 2015 ) . `` Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely to Write Marvel 's 2 - Part ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Event '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on May 8 , 2015 . Retrieved May 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Outlaw , Kofi ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` Russo Brothers Reveal Marvel Comic Influences on ' Avengers : Infinity War ' '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2018 . Retrieved March 31 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Ryan , Mike ( May 4 , 2016 ) . `` Russo Brothers Confirm : ' Avengers : Infinity War 1 And 2 ' Will Be Retitled '' . Uproxx . Archived from the original on May 4 , 2016 . Retrieved May 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Donnelly , Matt ( July 29 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel Surprise : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Wo n't Be Split Into 2 Movies '' . TheWrap . Archived from the original on August 1 , 2016 . Retrieved July 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Schmidt , Joseph ( January 22 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War And Sequel Set To Begin Filming Monday '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2017 . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( October 26 , 2016 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Working Title Revealed '' . ComicBook.com . Archived from the original on October 28 , 2016 . Retrieved October 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lesnick , Silas ( October 11 , 2016 ) . `` Doctor Strange IMAX Preview Teases a Marvel Cinematic Multiverse '' . ComingSoon.net . Archived from the original on October 11 , 2016 . Retrieved October 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Cabin , Chris ( January 14 , 2016 ) . `` ' Captain America : Civil War ' Directors on Landing Spider - Man , ' Infinity War ' Shooting Schedule '' . Collider . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2016 . Retrieved January 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Vlessing , Etan ( May 7 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Avengers : Infinity War ' to be Shot Entirely With Imax / Arri 2D Camera '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2015 . Retrieved May 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Donohoe , Graeme ( January 8 , 2017 ) . `` New £ 400m Marvel blockbuster Avengers : Infinity War to be shot in Glasgow and Edinburgh '' . Daily Record . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2017 . Retrieved January 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Beers , Roy ( February 26 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel - lous new film hit for Cumbernauld '' . Cumbernauld News . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2017 . Retrieved March 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Love , Nicola ( March 25 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers in Edinburgh : Why Scotland is n't just filming location for Marvel blockbuster -- it 's a plot point '' . Daily Record . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2017 . Retrieved March 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Connor , Rachel ( April 29 , 2017 ) . `` Durham Cathedral transformed for filming of Marvel 's Avenger : Infinity War '' . The Northern Echo . Archived from the original on April 30 , 2017 . Retrieved April 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Marston , George ( June 26 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Returns to NYC ... Sort Of '' . Newsarama . Archived from the original on June 27 , 2017 . Retrieved June 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Murphy , Charles ( July 9 , 2017 ) . `` More ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Set Pics Show Doctor Strange and Scott Lang Coming Together '' . MCU Exchange . Archived from the original on July 10 , 2017 . Retrieved July 10 , 2017 -- via Just Jared . Jump up ^ Dumaraog , Ana ( July 9 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Is Filming In Queens Next Week '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on July 9 , 2017 . Retrieved July 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Romano , Nick ( July 14 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War has wrapped filming '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 14 , 2017 . Retrieved July 14 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Yes , that ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Scene is in PH '' . ABS - CBN News . April 26 , 2018 . Archived from the original on April 26 , 2018 . Retrieved April 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Collider Videos ( July 24 , 2017 ) . Avengers : Infinity War Will Be the Longest MCU Movie Yet , Says Director Joe Russo . YouTube . Event occurs at 0 : 28 . Archived from the original on April 28 , 2018 . Retrieved July 24 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Breznican , Anthony ( March 1 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War release date moves up a week '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 1 , 2018 . Retrieved March 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( March 1 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Release Date Moves Up One Week to April '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 1 , 2018 . Retrieved March 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lynch , Russel ( May 26 , 2017 ) . `` Star Wars special effects firm Industrial Light & Magic expands with move to Holborn '' . London Evening Standard . Archived from the original on November 23 , 2017 . Retrieved November 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Frei , Vincent ( July 25 , 2017 ) . `` Spider - Man -- Homecoming : Dominik Zimmerle -- VFX Supervisor -- Trixter '' . Art of VFX . Archived from the original on July 29 , 2017 . Retrieved July 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Caranicas , Peter ( February 6 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' and ' Jumanji : Welcome to the Jungle ' Visual Effects Houses Method and Iloura Join Forces '' . Variety . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Frei , Vincent ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War '' . Art of VFX . Archived from the original on March 24 , 2018 . Retrieved March 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Avengers : Infinity War is the second most expensive film ever made '' . The Daily Telegraph . April 20 , 2018 . Archived from the original on April 22 , 2018 . Retrieved April 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Burlingame , Russ ( June 6 , 2016 ) . `` Avengers Composer Alan Silvestri To Return For Infinity War '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on June 7 , 2016 . Retrieved June 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Burlingame , Jon ( May 11 , 2017 ) . `` Alan Silvestri Receives Icon Honor at BMI Film , TV and Visual Awards '' . Variety . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2017 . Retrieved May 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Burton , Byron ( April 2 , 2018 ) . `` ' Ready Player One ' Composer Alan Silvestri on Its Touching Final Moments '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2018 . Retrieved April 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Burton , Byron ( April 27 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Composer Had Tough Time With One Scene in Particular '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 26 , 2018 . Retrieved April 28 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Soundtrack Details '' . Film Music Reporter. April 26 , 2018 . Archived from the original on April 28 , 2018 . Retrieved April 28 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Couch , Aaron ; Parker , Ryan ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` Robert Downey Jr . Celebrates Lack of Egos at ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Premiere '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 24 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lieberman , David ( February 22 , 2017 ) . `` Disney Films To Show on Imax Through 2019 With New Distribution Deal '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on February 23 , 2017 . Retrieved February 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kroll , Justin ( September 12 , 2017 ) . `` ' Star Wars : Episode IX ' Release Date Moves to December 2019 '' . Variety . Archived from the original on September 13 , 2017 . Retrieved September 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( April 30 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' All - Time Opening Record Even Higher With $258 M+ Domestic , $640 M+ WW -- Update '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 1 , 2018 . Retrieved May 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Pillai , Sreedhar ( April 22 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War expected to release in 2000 screens in India , unprecedented for any Hollywood film '' . Firstpost . Archived from the original on April 23 , 2018 . Retrieved April 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 7 , 2018 ) . `` ' Infinity War ' Is Second - Fastest Pic To $400 M With Second - Best 2nd Weekend Ever , Now Back At $115 M+ -- Monday '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2018 . Retrieved May 7 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 6 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Surges To $1.164 B Global & # 5 Superhero Movie Ever WW ; $713 M Overseas -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2018 . Retrieved May 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( June 6 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Secures Rare China Release Extension As It Nears $2 B WW '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 7 , 2018 . Retrieved June 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Chitwood , Adam ( April 3 , 2018 ) . `` Russo Brothers Ask Fans Not to Spoil ' Infinity War ' ; Say the True Plot Is a Secret '' . Collider . Archived from the original on April 3 , 2018 . Retrieved April 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Shanley , Patrick ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` AMC Theaters Will Host 12 - Film Marvel Marathon Ahead of ' Infinity War ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2018 . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Arrant , Chris ( May 2 , 2017 ) . `` RDJ Offers Avengers : Infinity War Set Visit '' . Newsarama . Archived from the original on May 2 , 2017 . Retrieved May 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Melrose , Kevin ( July 14 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War 's Thanos Fully Revealed in D23 Expo Photo '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on July 14 , 2017 . Retrieved July 14 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Couch , Aaron ( July 15 , 2017 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' -- Blockbuster First Trailer Brings D23 to Its Feet '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 15 , 2017 . Retrieved July 15 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Alexander , Julia ( July 15 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War 's first trailer proves the Marvel we 've dreamt of for a decade is real '' . Polygon . Archived from the original on July 15 , 2017 . Retrieved July 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Eisenberg , Eric ( July 15 , 2017 ) . `` The Avengers : Infinity War Debuts Footage At D23 , And We Are Still Shaking '' . CinemaBlend . Archived from the original on July 15 , 2017 . Retrieved July 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Foutch , Haleigh ( July 15 , 2017 ) . `` We Saw the First ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Footage and It Is Nuts '' . Collider . Archived from the original on July 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Burton , Bonnie ( July 22 , 2017 ) . `` Comic - Con 2017 : ' Black Panther , ' ' Infinity War ' blew us away at the Marvel panel '' . CNET . Archived from the original on July 23 , 2017 . Retrieved July 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( July 24 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thor : Ragnarok ' Leads Social Media Buzz Thanks to Comic - Con '' . Variety . Archived from the original on July 26 , 2017 . Retrieved July 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( July 31 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thor : Ragnarok ' Tops Social Media Buzz for Second Consecutive Week '' . Variety . Archived from the original on July 31 , 2017 . Retrieved July 31 , 2017 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( October 23 , 2017 ) . `` ' Thor : Ragnarok ' Creates Thunderous Buzz on Social Media Ahead of Debut '' . Variety . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved November 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Couch , Aaron ( November 28 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel Teases ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Trailer With 10 - Year Retrospective '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rubin , Rebecca ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Explosive First Trailer Arrives '' . Variety . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Spiegel , Josh ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Begins a Sad Goodbye for Marvel '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mendelson , Scott ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Trailer Teases An Epic MCU Finale '' . Forbes . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Julia ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War trailer is different from earlier SDCC footage -- and much better '' . Polygon . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cooper , Gael Fashingbauer ( November 29 , 2017 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' trailer explodes with action '' . CNET . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Couch , Aaron ( November 30 , 2017 ) . `` Captain America 's ' Infinity War ' Beard Was Most Popular Part of Trailer '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 30 , 2017 . Retrieved November 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( October 17 , 2017 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Prelude Comic Reveals Updated Logo '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2017 . Retrieved October 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Movie Ads : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Big Winner '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Markus , Tucker Chet ( February 27 , 2018 ) . `` Marvel Universe Unites For Children 's Charities '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 27 , 2018 . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Pallotta , Frank ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' trailer assembles Marvel 's mightiest heroes '' . CNN . Archived from the original on March 16 , 2018 . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Alyssa ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` The ' Avengers : Infinity War ' trailer reminds me why I like Marvel movies '' . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2018 . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Spiegel , Josh ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` The Most Exciting Promise of ' Avengers : Infinity War ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2018 . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( March 20 , 2018 ) . `` New ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Trailer Nabs Third - Biggest Debut Ever '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2018 . Retrieved March 20 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Dubai 's Burj Khalifa starts countdown for ' Avengers : Infinity War ' release '' . Khaleej Times . April 22 , 2018 . Archived from the original on April 23 , 2018 . Retrieved April 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Dinh , Christine ( April 18 , 2018 ) . `` This Week in Marvel Games : Thanos Descends Upon Marvel Games With ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Event '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on May 17 , 2018 . Retrieved May 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Romano , Nick ( May 7 , 2018 ) . `` Thanos is coming to Fortnite for epic Avengers : Infinity War crossover '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2018 . Retrieved May 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lussier , Germain ( April 16 , 2018 ) . `` Thanos Is Getting a Book ( Corrected ) '' . io9 . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2018 . Retrieved April 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( April 6 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Will Be Marvel 's Biggest Promo Campaign Yet '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on April 9 , 2018 . Retrieved April 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Perry , Spencer ( July 10 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Blu - ray , 4K , and Digital - HD Details Confirmed ! '' . ComingSoon.net . Archived from the original on July 10 , 2018 . Retrieved July 10 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 20 , 2018 ) . `` ' Deadpool 2 ' Sets Fox Record With $176 M Overseas Bow ; ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Tops $1.81 B WW -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 21 , 2018 . Retrieved May 20 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : McNary , Dave ( June 12 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Soars to $2 Billion at Worldwide Box Office '' . Variety . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2018 . Retrieved June 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 2018 Worldwide Grosses '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved May 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Busch , Anita ; D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 13 , 2018 ) . `` ' Infinity War ' Is Now Second - Fastest To Half Billion ; ' Life of the Party ' No Pizzazz With $18 M + '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2018 . Retrieved May 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( May 4 , 2018 ) . `` Weekend Box Office : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Crosses $1 B in Record Time '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2018 . Retrieved May 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Mendelson , Scott ( June 12 , 2018 ) . `` Box Office : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Tops $2 Billion Worldwide '' . Forbes . Archived from the original on June 12 , 2018 . Retrieved June 12 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 28 , 2018 ) . `` ' Solo : A Star Wars Story ' Stalls With $68 M Overseas Bow ; What Clipped The Falcon 's Wings ? -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 28 , 2018 . Retrieved May 28 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 13 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Crushes $200 M China Bow To Cross $1 B Overseas ; # 5 WW Release Ever On $1.6 B+ -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2018 . Retrieved May 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Bryan ( December 28 , 2017 ) . `` Fans pick ' Avengers , ' ' Black Panther ' as 2018 's most - anticipated films in Fandango poll '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on December 29 , 2017 . Retrieved December 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Breaks a Pre-Sales Record in Just Six Hours '' . Variety . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2018 . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Chapman , Tom ( March 20 , 2018 ) . `` Infinity War Shatters Black Panther 's Advance Ticket Sales Record '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2018 . Retrieved March 20 , 2018 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( April 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Beating ' Black Panther ' to Set New Presales Record '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 11 , 2018 . Retrieved April 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Fritz , Ben ( April 19 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' on Track for Heroic Opening '' . The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2018 . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 1 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Posts April Monday Record With $25 M + '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2018 . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 2 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Ties ' Force Awakens ' As Fastest Title To $300 M , Will Make Another $100 M+ This Weekend '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2018 . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 20 , 2018 ) . `` ' Deadpool 2 ' Swinging in As Second - Best Opening For R - Rated Pic With $125 M '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 21 , 2018 . Retrieved May 20 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 28 , 2018 ) . `` Why Is ' Solo ' Flying So Low at the B.O. ? Memorial Day Opening Now At $103 M -- Monday Update '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 28 , 2018 . Retrieved May 28 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( May 23 , 2018 ) . `` ' Deadpool 2 ' Nabs 2nd - Best Tuesday For R - Rated Pic ; ' Infinity War ' 2nd - Fastest To $600 M '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 23 , 2018 . Retrieved May 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( June 3 , 2018 ) . `` ' Solo ' Hits Asteroid With $29 M+ ; ' Action Point ' Condemned To $2 M+ : Post-Memorial Day Blues at the B.O. '' Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 4 , 2018 . Retrieved June 4 , 2018 . D'Alessandro , Anthony ( June 10 , 2018 ) . `` ' Ocean 's 8 ' Steals Franchise Record With $41.5 M Opening -- Final Sunday Update '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 11 , 2018 . Retrieved June 11 , 2018 . D'Alessandro , Anthony ( June 18 , 2018 ) . `` ' Incredibles 2 ' Record $183 M Beats ' Captain America : Civil War ' Opening & Lifetime Totals Of ' Cars 3 ' , ' A Bug 's Life ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 18 , 2018 . Retrieved June 18 , 2018 . D'Alessandro , Anthony ( June 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom ' With $150 M Reps Uni 's 2nd Highest Opening Ever -- Sunday '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 26 , 2018 . Retrieved June 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` All Time Domestic Grosses '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved June 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( April 30 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War 's Record Global Bow Rockets To $641 M ; Overseas Open Lifts To $383 M -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 1 , 2018 . Retrieved May 1 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Tartaglione , Nancy ( April 28 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Crushes $179 M In 3 Days Overseas ; Record Global Bow In Sight '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 1 , 2018 . Retrieved May 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Robbins , Shawn ( April 30 , 2018 ) . `` Weekend Actuals : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Snaps Domestic ( $257.7 M ) & Global ( $640.4 M ) Opening Records In Historic Debut '' . BoxOffice . Archived from the original on May 21 , 2018 . Retrieved May 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 4 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Lights Up $900 M+ At Global Box Office On Way To $1 B Speed Record '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 7 , 2018 . Retrieved May 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ ZX , ZX ( May 12 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' pockets 800 mln yuan on 2nd day in China '' . Xinhua News Agency . Archived from the original on May 12 , 2018 . Retrieved May 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bhowal , Tiasa ( May 10 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Box Office Collection Day 12 -- First Hollywood Film To Make Over 200 Crore In India '' . NDTV . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2018 . Retrieved May 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( May 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Rockets To China 's 3rd Biggest Opening Day ; Swings Past ' Jungle Book ' As India 's Top Hollywood Pic '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 14 , 2018 . Retrieved May 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( June 3 , 2018 ) . `` ' Solo ' Scruffy With $115 M Overseas To Date ; ' Deadpool 2 ' Retakes # 1 & Nears $600 M WW -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 4 , 2018 . Retrieved June 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tartaglione , Nancy ( June 17 , 2018 ) . `` ' Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom ' Rises To $370 M Overseas ; ' Incredibles 2 ' Powers $52 M Early Bow -- International Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 18 , 2018 . Retrieved June 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Avengers : Infinity War Reviews : It 's Both Amazing and Exhausting '' . Rotten Tomatoes. April 27 , 2018 . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2018 . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved July 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Avengers : Infinity War Reviews '' . Metacritic . Retrieved April 30 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : McCarthy , Todd ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' : Film Review '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Gleiberman , Owen ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` Film Review : ' Avengers : Infinity War ' '' . Variety . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Travers , Peter ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' Review : All - Star Marvel Team - Up Is Superhero Pile - Up '' . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Roeper , Richard ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' unites Stark and Star - Lord in a massive Marvel mashup '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Spiegel , Josh ( April 28 , 2018 ) . `` Why ' Avengers : Infinity War ' May Feel Unsatisfying '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 30 , 2018 . Retrieved April 30 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Scott , A.O. ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' : It 's Marvel 's Universe . We Just Live in It '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Brody , Richard ( April 27 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War , ' Reviewed : The Latest Marvel Movie Is a Two - and - a-Half - Hour Ad for All the Previous Marvel Movies '' . The New Yorker . Retrieved April 30 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Zacharek , Stephanie ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` Avengers : Infinity War Checks All the Boxes . That 's Exactly What 's Wrong With It '' . Time . Archived from the original on April 26 , 2018 . Retrieved April 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Chang , Justin ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` ' Avengers : Infinity War ' : a rousing Marvel mash - up , or a truly epic tease ? '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2018 . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( May 9 , 2018 ) . `` Golden Trailer Award Nominations : ' The Shape Of Water ' , ' Hitman 's Bodyguard ' Top List '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on June 2 , 2018 . Retrieved June 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bell , Crystal ( May 3 , 2018 ) . `` 2018 MTV Movie & TV Awards Nominations : See The Full List '' . MTV . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2018 . Retrieved May 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Cohen , Jess ( June 13 , 2018 ) . `` Teen Choice Awards 2018 : Avengers : Infinity War , Black Panther and Riverdale Among Top Nominees '' . E ! Online . Archived from the original on June 13 , 2018 . Retrieved June 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Evans , Greg ( June 22 , 2018 ) . `` Teen Choice Awards : ' Black Panther ' , ' Solo ' , ' Riverdale ' Lead Nominations -- List '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved June 22 , 2018 . External links Wikiquote has quotations related to : Avengers : Infinity War Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avengers : Infinity War . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the beginning of avengers infinity war | ["Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's The Avengers and 2015's Avengers: Age of Ultron, and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony Mackie, Sebastian Stan, Danai Gurira, Letitia Wright, Dave Bautista, Zoe Saldana, Josh Brolin, and Chris Pratt. In the film, the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy attempt to stop Thanos from amassing the all-powerful Infinity Stones.\n"] | ['Avengers: Age of Ultron'] | Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's The Avengers and 2015's Avengers: Age of Ultron, and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony Mackie, Sebastian Stan, Danai Gurira, Letitia Wright, Dave Bautista, Zoe Saldana, Josh Brolin, and Chris Pratt. In the film, the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy attempt to stop Thanos from amassing the all-powerful Infinity Stones.
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[question]: Who directed Avengers: Infinity War?
[answer]: Avengers: Infinity War was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo. | Who directed Avengers: Infinity War? | Avengers: Infinity War was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo. | 1 | 7.399515 | 10 | 137 | 1 |
1,876 | -7,771,087,487,277,998,000 | I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) | I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) - wikipedia I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' Single by MercyMe from the album The Worship Project and Almost There A-side `` Word of God Speak '' Released 2001 Format CD digital download Recorded 1999 and 2001 in the United States Ivy Park The Indigo Room Paradise Sound IBC Studios Genre Christian alternative rock pop rock contemporary Christian Length 4 : 08 Label INO Curb Songwriter ( s ) Bart Millard Producer ( s ) Pete Kipley MercyMe singles chronology `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( sometimes shortened to `` Imagine '' ) is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe . Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard , the song , based around a main piano track , was inspired by the death of Millard 's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe 's 1999 album The Worship Project , which was released on an independent record label . The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was released in 2001 as the album 's lead single . It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004 ; to aid in promotion to these markets , a double A-side physical single ( combined with `` Word of God Speak '' ) was released in 2003 . It charted on several formats , including the Billboard Adult Contemporary ( where it peaked at No. 5 ) and the Hot 100 ( where it peaked at No. 71 ) . In 2002 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned the Dove Awards for ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' ; Millard earned the Dove Award ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . With 2.5 million copies sold , it is the best - selling Christian single of all time , having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA . As of 2018 , it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone . Contents 1 Background 2 Composition 3 Release and promotion 4 Impact 5 Music video 6 Reception 6.1 Critical response 6.2 Chart performance 6.3 Awards and accolades 7 Other versions 8 Track listing 9 Release history 10 Charts and certifications 11 Film adaptation 12 References Background ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe . Bart Millard , the band 's vocalist , lost his father , Arthur Wesley Millard Jr. , in 1991 . Millard was 18 at the time . Millard began writing the words `` I can only imagine '' on items when he was thinking about his father . During the recording of the band 's 1999 independent album The Worship Project , MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album . Millard , alone on a bus in the middle of the night , finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven . Millard attests that `` ( ' I Can Only Imagine ' ) is one of the only songs I have ever written where there was n't any mistakes , it was just written the way it is and left at that '' , and estimated that it took him only ten minutes to write the lyrics . In writing the music for the song , however , the band faced more difficulty ; Millard noted that `` at first it was a fast song ... it was all these random ideas '' . Keyboardist Jim Bryson noted that , `` we were literally tearing down the stuff ... ( Millard ) and I were talking about arranging it differently and doing a slower version , so we just tried out a piano intro ... it was literally the first thing I played . It was n't anything to do with me , I think it was just a God thing . ( Millard ) said ' here it is , this is what 's going to happen ' , and we laid the song down in about five minutes . '' At that time , the other MercyMe members were Robby Shaffer on drums and percussion , Nathan Cochran on bass guitar and Michael Scheuchzer on guitar . This line - up recorded the first version of the song for The Worship Project . In 2006 , it was included in the ' Platinum Edition ' of Almost There . Composition ( edit ) I Can Only Imagine A sample of `` I Can Only Imagine '' . MercyMe 's debut single , `` I Can Only Imagine '' is `` a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` I Can Only Imagine '' is a ballad with a length of four minutes and eight seconds . The song is set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B -- G ♯ . The song opens up with only a piano , and builds up to include guitar and drums . Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song . The song was produced by Pete Kipley , who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James , Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster . The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . Regarding this theme , Millard explained to Fox News that `` I was always told that if he could choose , he would rather be in Heaven than here with me . As a Christian I believed that , but as an 18 - year - old it was a little hard to swallow . So the questions in the song came from me asking God what was so great about Him that my dad would rather be there . '' Release and promotion ( edit ) MercyMe 's lead singer - songwriter , Bart Millard ( left ) and drummer , Robby Shaffer , performing in February 2008 . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was re-recorded for their major - label debut record Almost There and released as its lead single in 2001 . The album was recorded in various locations : Ivy Park , The Indigo Room , Paradise Sound and IBC Studios . The single gained radio airplay on some contemporary Christian formats ; by November , it peaked at number - one on the Radio & Records Christian AC format and in the top twenty of the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart . In 2003 , a Dallas mainstream radio station , 100.3 Wild - FM , first played the song on its morning show , The Fitz Radio Program . They had responded to a caller 's repeated requests and the urgings of the program 's producer , Todd Sheppard . The song soon became the most requested and most played song on the station . After hearing the song played on the station , Millard called - in and spoke with the crew ; MercyMe then came in and played the song live . As other stations around the country caught on , MercyMe 's label , INO Records , partnered with Curb Records . They marketed the single to wider audiences , such as Top 40 radio . In September , INO and Curb also released a double A-side physical single , `` I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak '' . The latter track was co-written by Millard with the band 's producer , Kipley . Eventually , the song cracked into secular charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts . Impact ( edit ) MercyMe did not expect `` I Can Only Imagine '' to gain mainstream success , in part due to its explicit references to Jesus and Heaven . Millard noted that the band joked around about `` the top five songs never to cross over , and they had included `` I Can Only Imagine '' on that list . Millard also believed some radio stations were playing the song to prove it could not succeed on mainstream radio . The song had a significant effect on the band 's musical image ; in an interview , Millard commented that `` We were a rock band when we started 11 years ago . But we kind of became the ' adult contemporary poster child ' when ' I Can Only Imagine ' took off '' . Music video ( edit ) Millard holding his father 's photograph in the music video . A music video was released for `` I Can Only Imagine '' . Millard recalled the video 's inspiration : `` I just kept seeing all these people holding picture frames ( at MercyMe concerts ) that are empty because we all carry these people with us in some way . I 've had so many people after a show pull out a picture of someone they 've lost . These people embrace these photos and I just thought how can we tap into that '' . The video features everyday people as well as several music artists including Michael Tait , Tammy Trent , Bob Herdman , and Jesse Katina , each holding an empty picture frame to signify their loss of a loved one ; as the video progresses , they are holding pictures of their loved ones including Millard with his father 's photograph . The video opens with a shot of an empty room and a chair , shifting to show a young boy climbing up a flight of stairs . The camera then shifts to the band before returning to the boy , now in an attic which is filled with many empty picture frames . The video alternates between shots of the boy and the band before shifting to individual shots of other people , each holding an empty picture frame . As the other instruments join in , the camera comes back to the band , focusing on them before returning to shots of the people , whose picture frames now contain pictures of deceased relatives . At the end of the video , the camera returns to the boy , now running down a street with an empty frame , climaxing with him lying down in a field with the empty frame . Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) Critical reception for `` I Can Only Imagine '' was positive . Steve Losey of AllMusic commented that `` ( the song ) is a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Jesus Freak Hideout 's reviewer Kevin Chamberlin felt `` The lyrics for the song are amazing . If you have n't listened to the lyrics , because you 're afraid of hearing pop music , get over it and listen to it . '' Kevin McNeese of NewReleaseTuesday commented that `` The definite highlight on ( Almost There ) is the worship / ballad ' I Can Only Imagine ' ... The song starts out with just piano that instantly invokes chills and builds dynamically into a powerful display of drums and guitar . But what makes the song are the lyrics , penned by Bart Millard himself . The song speaks about that day that we all dream about when we finally meet Jesus ... It 's a song that ca n't be listened to with eyes open '' . Chart performance ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 for the chart week of 11 October 2003 at No. 76 . The song peaked at No. 71 for two weeks and spent 16 non-consecutive weeks on the Hot 100 . On the Adult Contemporary chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 29 for the chart week of 23 May 2003 , with an eventual peak of No. 5 for the chart week of 8 September 2003 ; in all , `` I Can Only Imagine '' spent 30 weeks on the chart . On the Adult Top 40 chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 39 for the chart week of 9 August 2003 and reached a peak position of No. 27 , holding that spot for three consecutive weeks ; in all , the song spent 26 weeks on the chart . On the Mainstream Top 40 chart , the song debuted at No. 37 for the chart week of 12 July 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 33 . On the Country Songs chart , the song debuted at No. 58 for the chart week of 27 December 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 52 , which it held for two weeks . According to Mike Curb on the Curb Records website , `` I Can Only Imagine '' also peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales chart for 10 weeks , No. 1 on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart for two weeks , and No. 15 on the Christian CHR chart . In April 2010 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' was certified platinum by the RIAA , signifying sales of over 1,000,000 digital downloads . It is the first single by any artist in the Christian music genre to go platinum . The song was certified 2x platinum in 2014 . It was certified 3x platinum in 2018 . As of June 2018 , it has sold 3 million copies , making it the best - selling Christian single of all time . Awards and accolades ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned two GMA Dove Awards in 2002 ; ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' . Millard also won ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . In November 2009 , the song was played on board Space Shuttle Atlantis as a wake - up call for Barry E. Wilmore during STS - 129 . Other versions ( edit ) The original version of `` I Can Only Imagine '' was a track on MercyMe 's 1999 independent release The Worship Project . In August 2006 , both an acoustic and live form ( as well as the original 1999 version ) were included in the ' Platinum edition ' of Almost There . MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their iTunes Originals album . In 2009 , two further variants were included on their compilation album 10 ; a ' symphony version ' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra , and a live version . `` I Can Only Imagine '' has also been covered by several artists . In 2002 Amy Grant released a reworked version of the song ( titled `` Imagine '' and paired with `` Sing the Wondrous Love of Jesus '' ) on her album , Legacy ... Hymns and Faith . In 2003 , Jeff Carson and Kathryn Scott each issued variants of the song ; Carson 's version peaked at No. 50 on the Country Songs chart . In 2005 Wynonna Judd issued her form of the song ; while in 2007 Emerson Drive provided theirs . The song was covered again in 2010 by Marie Osmond and in 2013 by gospel artist Tamela Mann . The song was performed live by Garwin Dobbins , a man struggling with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva , a crippling disease referred to as Stone Man 's syndrome , in which the body 's repair mechanism replaces muscle with bone , causing many joints to become permanently frozen in place . Dobbins , who died in 2004 , sang the song on a broadcast of Austin Awakening , accompanied by pastor Randy Phillips of Phillips , Craig and Dean . Footage of the performance was featured in the finale of the Trevor Glass documentary `` Suffer the Children . '' There is also a German version `` Ich kann nur davon träumen '' . Track listing ( edit ) CD release `` I Can Only Imagine '' -- 4 : 08 ( Bart Millard ) `` Word of God Speak '' -- 3 : 07 ( Peter Kipley , Millard ) Release history ( edit ) Date Territory Label Format 2001 United States INO Airplay 23 September 2003 INO Curb CD 4 January 2005 INO Epic Digital Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts Chart ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Peak Position Radio and Records Christian AC Radio and Records Christian CHR 15 Chart ( 2003 -- 2004 ) Peak Position US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) 5 US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) 27 US Billboard Hot 100 71 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) 33 Chart ( 2012 ) Peak Position France ( SNEP ) 65 Chart ( 2017 ) Peak Position US Christian Digital Song Sales ( Billboard ) Chart ( 2018 ) Peak Position US Christian Songs ( Billboard ) US Digital Songs ( Billboard ) 10 Year - end charts Chart ( 2003 ) Position Billboard Adult Contemporary 20 Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales 24 Chart ( 2010 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 9 Chart ( 2011 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 7 Certifications Country Certifications ( sales thresholds ) United States 3x Platinum Film adaptation ( edit ) Main article : I Can Only Imagine ( film ) The story behind the song was made into a feature film starring J. Michael Finley and Dennis Quaid . The film was released on March 16 , 2018 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brad Schmitt , `` MercyMe 's Bart Millard thought his father was going to kill him '' , Tennessean , February 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Adams , Ramsay ( 6 July 2003 ) . `` Christian Rock Crosses Over '' . Fox News ( News Corporation ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Jenison , David . `` A Severe Mercy '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Correa , Karen ( Fall 2003 ) . `` The Quality of MercyMe '' . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Bart Millard , Jim Bryson ( interviewees ) ( 2007 ) . Faith & Fame -- MercyMe . NME . UK : IPC Media ( Time Inc . ) . Event occurs at a-d. 12 : 13 -- 13 : 07 . Retrieved 11 August 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . Supplied by INO Records / Columbia Records . ^ Jump up to : `` The Worship Project -- MercyMe '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There ( Platinum Edition ) by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc. 2006 . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steve . `` '' Almost There '' -- MercyMe ( Review ) `` . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe -- `` I Can Only Imagine '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 10 August 2011 . Note : To access archive , user must click ' bypass ' and then , on the next screen , click ' please click here ' . ^ Jump up to : McNeese , Kevin ( 30 January 2008 ) . `` Almost There by MercyMe ( Review ) '' . NewReleaseTuesday.com ( NRT Media ( Kevin McNeese ) ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 29 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Almost There ( CD liner ) . MercyMe . INO Records . 2001 . 39972 . Jump up ^ `` Pete Kipley ( Credits ) '' . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak `` , MercyMe , Music CD Single -- Barnes & Noble '' . Barnes & Noble . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Billboard Charted Singles '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Number One Records '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Farris , Christa ( September 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Is Still The Little Song That Could '' ( PDF ) . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . 26 ( 3 ) : 9 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Gillespie , Natalie Nichols ( 2 June 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Impacts Mainstream Radio `` . Crosswalk.com . Salem Web Network ( Salem Communications ) . p. 1 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ MercyMe ( interviewees ) ( 2004 ) . The Story Behind `` I Can Only Imagine '' . INO Records . Event occurs at 5 : 55 -- 6 : 20 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Cusic , Don ( 2010 ) . `` Curb , Mike '' . In Cusic , Don . Encyclopedia of contemporary Christian music : pop , rock , and worship . ABC - CLIO . pp. 97 -- 98 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 34425 - 1 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Price , Deborah Evans ( 25 October 2003 ) . `` A Yearning for More Meaning '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media : 3 , 76 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Bronson , Fred . `` Chart Beat Chat '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` Word of God Speak '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Hot 100 '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Contemporary Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Thompson , John J. ( 9 December 2005 ) . `` Well Mercy Me , Children ! '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 28 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' -- MercyMe ( VEVO ) `` . Vevo ( Universal Music Group , Sony Music Entertainment , Abu Dhabi Media Company , E1 Entertainment ) . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . ^ Jump up to : Nentwig , Wendy Lee ( 23 September 2003 ) . `` Song Story : `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . Crosswalk.com ( Salem Web Communications ( Salem Communications ) ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Chamberlin , Kevin ( 9 September 2002 ) . `` MercyMe , Almost There review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` RIAA Gold and Platinum '' . RIAA. 14 April 2010 . Retrieved 21 October 2011 . Note : Requires user to input artist , e.g. MercyMe . Jump up ^ `` Mercyme makes history as `` I Can Only Imagine '' surpasses 1 million downloads `` . Christian Today . Andrew Clark . 21 April 2010 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum - RIAA '' . RIAA . Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` How did ' I Can Only Imagine ' become the biggest Christian hit ever ( and inspire a movie ) ? '' . Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum - RIAA '' . RIAA . Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : `` Dove Awards History Year ( searchable database ) '' . GMA Dove Award . Gospel Music Association ( GMA ) . Archived from the original on 20 August 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Note : Search for either MercyMe or Bart Millard . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steven Douglas ( 26 December 2002 ) . `` Real People , Real Worship '' . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` STS - 129 Wakeup Calls '' . NASA . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Curator : Kim Dismukes ; responsible official : Amiko Kauderer . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 8 June 2008 ) . `` MercyMe , iTunes Originals Review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes Originals by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 7 April 2009 ) . `` MercyMe , `` 10 '' Review `` . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Jones , Kim . `` Who Sings `` I Can Only Imagine '' ? `` . About.com . About.com ( The New York Times Company ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Breimeier , Russ . `` Satisfy , Christian Music Reviews '' . The Fish . Christianity Today International ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September Demi Lovato has also covered the song . 2011 . Check date values in : accessdate = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Jeff Carson Album & Song History '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Emerson Drive '' . Emerson Drive . 22 August 2008 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Charisma . `` ' Hairpiece Revival ' Spreads Worship Awakening Across the Country -- Charisma Magazine '' . www.charismamag.com . Jump up ^ Spiritwatch Ministries On YouTube ( 30 December 2014 ) . `` Suffer The Children - a film by Trevor Glass '' -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com `` I Can Only Imagine '' / `` Word of God Speak '' `` . Amazon.com . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Spoken For by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Word of God Speak '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 23 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Contemporary ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- MercyMe -- I Can Only Imagine '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . Retrieved February 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Christian Digital Songs : Top Worship Music Chart '' . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot Christian Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Digital Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE -- 80 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart Archives ( AC ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives ( Singles sales ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE -- 34 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2010 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2011 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . MercyMe singles Discography Almost There `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Spoken For `` Spoken For '' `` Word of God Speak '' `` The Change Inside Of Me '' Undone `` Here with Me '' `` Homesick '' `` In the Blink of an Eye '' Coming Up to Breathe `` So Long Self '' `` Hold Fast '' `` Bring the Rain '' All That Is Within Me `` God with Us '' `` You Reign '' `` Finally Home '' The Generous Mr. Lovewell `` All of Creation '' `` Beautiful '' `` Move '' The Hurt & The Healer `` The Hurt & The Healer '' Welcome to the New `` Shake '' Lifer `` Even If '' Other charted songs `` O Holy Night '' `` Silent Night '' `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' `` God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen '' `` The Little Drummer Boy '' `` It Came Upon a Midnight Clear '' `` Go Tell it on the Mountain '' `` Sleigh Ride '' Jeff Carson Studio albums Jeff Carson Butterfly Kisses Real Life Singles `` Not on Your Love '' `` The Car '' `` Holdin ' Onto Somethin ' '' `` Butterfly Kisses '' `` Real Life ( I Never Was the Same Again ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Can_Only_Imagine_(MercyMe_song)&oldid=853813419 '' Categories : 1990s ballads 1999 songs 2001 singles MercyMe songs Pop ballads Songs written by Bart Millard Curb Records singles Billboard Christian Songs number - one singles Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 errors : dates Use dmy dates from November 2012 Good articles Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs Singlechart usages for France Singlechart usages for Billboardchristiansongs Singlechart usages for Billboarddigitalsongs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Português Edit links This page was last edited on 7 August 2018 , at 03 : 33 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did i can only imagine get released | ['"I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album\'s lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for \'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year\' and \'Song of the Year\'; Millard earned the Dove Award \'Songwriter of the Year\' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone.\n'] | ['2001'] | "I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone.
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[question]: What is the name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time?
[answer]: The name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | What is the name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time? | The name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | 1 | 7.399111 | 21 | 159 | 1 |
10,079 | -864,632,349,599,436,200 | I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) | I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) - wikipedia I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' Single cover Single by MercyMe from the album The Worship Project and Almost There A-side `` Word of God Speak '' Released 2001 Format CD digital download Recorded 1999 and 2001 in the United States Ivy Park The Indigo Room Paradise Sound IBC Studios Genre Christian alternative rock pop rock contemporary Christian Length 4 : 08 Label INO Curb Songwriter ( s ) Bart Millard Producer ( s ) Pete Kipley MercyMe singles chronology `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( sometimes shortened to `` Imagine '' ) is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe . Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard , the song , based around a main piano track , was inspired by the death of Millard 's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe 's 1999 album The Worship Project , which was released on an independent record label . The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was released in 2001 as the album 's lead single . It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004 ; to aid in promotion to these markets , a double A-side physical single ( combined with `` Word of God Speak '' ) was released in 2003 . It charted on several formats , including the Billboard Adult Contemporary ( where it peaked at No. 5 ) and the Hot 100 ( where it peaked at No. 71 ) . In 2002 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned the Dove Awards for ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' ; Millard earned the Dove Award ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . With 2.5 million copies sold , it is the best - selling Christian single of all time , having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA . As of 2018 , it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone . Contents 1 Background 2 Composition 3 Release and promotion 4 Impact 5 Music video 6 Reception 6.1 Critical response 6.2 Chart performance 6.3 Awards and accolades 7 Other versions 8 Track listing 9 Release history 10 Charts and certifications 11 Film adaptation 12 References 13 External links Background ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe . Bart Millard , the band 's vocalist , lost his father , Arthur Wesley Millard Jr. , in 1991 . Millard was 18 at the time . Millard began writing the words `` I can only imagine '' on items when he was thinking about his father . During the recording of the band 's 1999 independent album The Worship Project , MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album . Millard , alone on a bus in the middle of the night , finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven . Millard attests that `` ( ' I Can Only Imagine ' ) is one of the only songs I have ever written where there was n't any mistakes , it was just written the way it is and left at that '' , and estimated that it took him only ten minutes to write the lyrics . In writing the music for the song , however , the band faced more difficulty ; Millard noted that `` at first it was a fast song ... it was all these random ideas '' . Keyboardist Jim Bryson noted that , `` we were literally tearing down the stuff ... ( Millard ) and I were talking about arranging it differently and doing a slower version , so we just tried out a piano intro ... it was literally the first thing I played . It was n't anything to do with me , I think it was just a God thing . ( Millard ) said ' here it is , this is what 's going to happen ' , and we laid the song down in about five minutes . '' At that time , the other MercyMe members were Robby Shaffer on drums and percussion , Nathan Cochran on bass guitar and Michael Scheuchzer on guitar . This line - up recorded the first version of the song for The Worship Project . In 2006 , it was included in the ' Platinum Edition ' of Almost There . Composition ( edit ) I Can Only Imagine A sample of `` I Can Only Imagine '' . MercyMe 's debut single , `` I Can Only Imagine '' is `` a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Problems playing this file ? See media help . `` I Can Only Imagine '' is a ballad with a length of four minutes and eight seconds . The song is set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B -- G ♯ . The song opens up with only a piano , and builds up to include guitar and drums . Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song . The song was produced by Pete Kipley , who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James , Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster . The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . Regarding this theme , Millard explained to Fox News that `` I was always told that if he could choose , he would rather be in Heaven than here with me . As a Christian I believed that , but as an 18 - year - old it was a little hard to swallow . So the questions in the song came from me asking God what was so great about Him that my dad would rather be there . '' Release and promotion ( edit ) MercyMe 's lead singer - songwriter , Bart Millard ( left ) and drummer , Robby Shaffer , performing in February 2008 . `` I Can Only Imagine '' was re-recorded for their major - label debut record Almost There and released as its lead single in 2001 . The album was recorded in various locations : Ivy Park , The Indigo Room , Paradise Sound and IBC Studios . The single gained radio airplay on some contemporary Christian formats ; by November , it peaked at number - one on the Radio & Records Christian AC format and in the top twenty of the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart . In 2003 , a Dallas mainstream radio station , 100.3 Wild - FM , first played the song on its morning show , The Fitz Radio Program . They had responded to a caller 's repeated requests and the urgings of the program 's producer , Todd Sheppard . The song soon became the most requested and most played song on the station . After hearing the song played on the station , Millard called - in and spoke with the crew ; MercyMe then came in and played the song live . As other stations around the country caught on , MercyMe 's label , INO Records , partnered with Curb Records . They marketed the single to wider audiences , such as Top 40 radio . In September , INO and Curb also released a double A-side physical single , `` I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak '' . The latter track was co-written by Millard with the band 's producer , Kipley . Eventually , the song cracked into secular charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts . Impact ( edit ) MercyMe did not expect `` I Can Only Imagine '' to gain mainstream success , in part due to its explicit references to Jesus and Heaven . Millard noted that the band joked around about `` the top five songs never to cross over , and they had included `` I Can Only Imagine '' on that list . Millard also believed some radio stations were playing the song to prove it could not succeed on mainstream radio . The song had a significant effect on the band 's musical image ; in an interview , Millard commented that `` We were a rock band when we started 11 years ago . But we kind of became the ' adult contemporary poster child ' when ' I Can Only Imagine ' took off '' . Music video ( edit ) Millard holding his father 's photograph in the music video . A music video was released for `` I Can Only Imagine '' . Millard recalled the video 's inspiration : `` I just kept seeing all these people holding picture frames ( at MercyMe concerts ) that are empty because we all carry these people with us in some way . I 've had so many people after a show pull out a picture of someone they 've lost . These people embrace these photos and I just thought how can we tap into that '' . The video features everyday people as well as several music artists including Michael Tait , Tammy Trent , Bob Herdman , and Jesse Katina , each holding an empty picture frame to signify their loss of a loved one ; as the video progresses , they are holding pictures of their loved ones including Millard with his father 's photograph . The video opens with a shot of an empty room and a chair , shifting to show a young boy climbing up a flight of stairs . The camera then shifts to the band before returning to the boy , now in an attic which is filled with many empty picture frames . The video alternates between shots of the boy and the band before shifting to individual shots of other people , each holding an empty picture frame . As the other instruments join in , the camera comes back to the band , focusing on them before returning to shots of the people , whose picture frames now contain pictures of deceased relatives . At the end of the video , the camera returns to the boy , now running down a street with an empty frame , climaxing with him lying down in a field with the empty frame . Reception ( edit ) Critical response ( edit ) Critical reception for `` I Can Only Imagine '' was positive . Steve Losey of AllMusic commented that `` ( the song ) is a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . Jesus Freak Hideout 's reviewer Kevin Chamberlin felt `` The lyrics for the song are amazing . If you have n't listened to the lyrics , because you 're afraid of hearing pop music , get over it and listen to it . '' Kevin McNeese of NewReleaseTuesday commented that `` The definite highlight on ( Almost There ) is the worship / ballad ' I Can Only Imagine ' ... The song starts out with just piano that instantly invokes chills and builds dynamically into a powerful display of drums and guitar . But what makes the song are the lyrics , penned by Bart Millard himself . The song speaks about that day that we all dream about when we finally meet Jesus ... It 's a song that ca n't be listened to with eyes open '' . Chart performance ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 for the chart week of 11 October 2003 at No. 76 . The song peaked at No. 71 for two weeks and spent 16 non-consecutive weeks on the Hot 100 . On the Adult Contemporary chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 29 for the chart week of 23 May 2003 , with an eventual peak of No. 5 for the chart week of 8 September 2003 ; in all , `` I Can Only Imagine '' spent 30 weeks on the chart . On the Adult Top 40 chart , `` I Can Only Imagine '' debuted at No. 39 for the chart week of 9 August 2003 and reached a peak position of No. 27 , holding that spot for three consecutive weeks ; in all , the song spent 26 weeks on the chart . On the Mainstream Top 40 chart , the song debuted at No. 37 for the chart week of 12 July 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 33 . On the Country Songs chart , the song debuted at No. 58 for the chart week of 27 December 2003 , reaching an eventual peak of No. 52 , which it held for two weeks . According to Mike Curb on the Curb Records website , `` I Can Only Imagine '' also peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales chart for 10 weeks , No. 1 on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart for two weeks , and No. 15 on the Christian CHR chart . In April 2010 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' was certified platinum by the RIAA , signifying sales of over 1,000,000 digital downloads . It is the first single by any artist in the Christian music genre to go platinum . The song was certified 2x platinum in 2014 . It was certified 3x platinum in 2018 . As of June 2018 , it has sold 3 million copies , making it the best - selling Christian single of all time . Awards and accolades ( edit ) `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned two GMA Dove Awards in 2002 ; ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' . Millard also won ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . In November 2009 , the song was played on board Space Shuttle Atlantis as a wake - up call for Barry E. Wilmore during STS - 129 . Other versions ( edit ) The original version of `` I Can Only Imagine '' was a track on MercyMe 's 1999 independent release The Worship Project . In August 2006 , both an acoustic and live form ( as well as the original 1999 version ) were included in the ' Platinum edition ' of Almost There . MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their iTunes Originals album . In 2009 , two further variants were included on their compilation album 10 ; a ' symphony version ' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra , and a live version . `` I Can Only Imagine '' has also been covered by several artists . In 2002 Amy Grant released a reworked version of the song ( titled `` Imagine '' and paired with `` Sing the Wondrous Love of Jesus '' ) on her album , Legacy ... Hymns and Faith . In 2003 , Jeff Carson and Kathryn Scott each issued variants of the song ; Carson 's version peaked at No. 50 on the Country Songs chart . In 2005 Wynonna Judd issued her form of the song ; while in 2007 Emerson Drive provided theirs . The song was covered again in 2010 by Marie Osmond and in 2013 by gospel artist Tamela Mann . The song was performed live by Garwin Dobbins , a man struggling with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva , a crippling disease referred to as Stone Man 's syndrome , in which the body 's repair mechanism replaces muscle with bone , causing many joints to become permanently frozen in place . Dobbins , who died in 2004 , sang the song on a broadcast of Austin Awakening , accompanied by pastor Randy Phillips of Phillips , Craig and Dean . Footage of the performance was featured in the finale of the Trevor Glass documentary `` Suffer the Children . '' There is also a German version `` Ich kann nur davon träumen '' . Track listing ( edit ) CD release `` I Can Only Imagine '' -- 4 : 08 ( Bart Millard ) `` Word of God Speak '' -- 3 : 07 ( Peter Kipley , Millard ) Release history ( edit ) Date Territory Label Format 2001 United States INO Airplay 23 September 2003 INO Curb CD 4 January 2005 INO Epic Digital Charts and certifications ( edit ) Weekly charts Chart ( 2001 -- 2002 ) Peak Position Radio and Records Christian AC Radio and Records Christian CHR 15 Chart ( 2003 -- 2004 ) Peak Position US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) 5 US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) 27 US Billboard Hot 100 71 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) 33 Chart ( 2012 ) Peak Position France ( SNEP ) 65 Chart ( 2017 ) Peak Position US Christian Digital Song Sales ( Billboard ) Chart ( 2018 ) Peak Position US Christian Songs ( Billboard ) US Digital Songs ( Billboard ) 10 Year - end charts Chart ( 2003 ) Position Billboard Adult Contemporary 20 Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales 24 Chart ( 2010 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 9 Chart ( 2011 ) Position Billboard Christian / Gospel Digital Songs 7 Certifications Country Certifications ( sales thresholds ) United States 3x Platinum Film adaptation ( edit ) Main article : I Can Only Imagine ( film ) The story behind the song was made into a feature film starring J. Michael Finley and Dennis Quaid . The film was released on March 16 , 2018 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brad Schmitt , `` MercyMe 's Bart Millard thought his father was going to kill him '' , Tennessean , February 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Adams , Ramsay ( 6 July 2003 ) . `` Christian Rock Crosses Over '' . Fox News ( News Corporation ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Jenison , David . `` A Severe Mercy '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Correa , Karen ( Fall 2003 ) . `` The Quality of MercyMe '' . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 April 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Bart Millard , Jim Bryson ( interviewees ) ( 2007 ) . Faith & Fame -- MercyMe . NME . UK : IPC Media ( Time Inc . ) . Event occurs at a-d. 12 : 13 -- 13 : 07 . Retrieved 11 August 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . Supplied by INO Records / Columbia Records . ^ Jump up to : `` The Worship Project -- MercyMe '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There ( Platinum Edition ) by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc. 2006 . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steve . `` '' Almost There '' -- MercyMe ( Review ) `` . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe -- `` I Can Only Imagine '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 10 August 2011 . Note : To access archive , user must click ' bypass ' and then , on the next screen , click ' please click here ' . ^ Jump up to : McNeese , Kevin ( 30 January 2008 ) . `` Almost There by MercyMe ( Review ) '' . NewReleaseTuesday.com ( NRT Media ( Kevin McNeese ) ) . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 29 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Almost There ( CD liner ) . MercyMe . INO Records . 2001 . 39972 . Jump up ^ `` Pete Kipley ( Credits ) '' . Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak `` , MercyMe , Music CD Single -- Barnes & Noble '' . Barnes & Noble . Archived from the original on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Billboard Charted Singles '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Curb , Mike . `` Number One Records '' ( PDF ) . Mikecurb.com . Curb Records . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 31 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Farris , Christa ( September 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Is Still The Little Song That Could '' ( PDF ) . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . 26 ( 3 ) : 9 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Gillespie , Natalie Nichols ( 2 June 2003 ) . `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' Impacts Mainstream Radio `` . Crosswalk.com . Salem Web Network ( Salem Communications ) . p. 1 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ MercyMe ( interviewees ) ( 2004 ) . The Story Behind `` I Can Only Imagine '' . INO Records . Event occurs at 5 : 55 -- 6 : 20 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) ^ Jump up to : Cusic , Don ( 2010 ) . `` Curb , Mike '' . In Cusic , Don . Encyclopedia of contemporary Christian music : pop , rock , and worship . ABC - CLIO . pp. 97 -- 98 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 34425 - 1 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Price , Deborah Evans ( 25 October 2003 ) . `` A Yearning for More Meaning '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media : 3 , 76 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Bronson , Fred . `` Chart Beat Chat '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 17 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` Word of God Speak '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Hot 100 '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Contemporary Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Thompson , John J. ( 9 December 2005 ) . `` Well Mercy Me , Children ! '' . Today'sChristianMusic . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 28 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` '' I Can Only Imagine '' -- MercyMe ( VEVO ) `` . Vevo ( Universal Music Group , Sony Music Entertainment , Abu Dhabi Media Company , E1 Entertainment ) . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . Note : video may not be available in your region , e.g. Australia . ^ Jump up to : Nentwig , Wendy Lee ( 23 September 2003 ) . `` Song Story : `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . Crosswalk.com ( Salem Web Communications ( Salem Communications ) ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Chamberlin , Kevin ( 9 September 2002 ) . `` MercyMe , Almost There review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Adult Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Pop Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Album & Song Chart History -- Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` RIAA Gold and Platinum '' . RIAA. 14 April 2010 . Retrieved 21 October 2011 . Note : Requires user to input artist , e.g. MercyMe . Jump up ^ `` Mercyme makes history as `` I Can Only Imagine '' surpasses 1 million downloads `` . Christian Today . Andrew Clark . 21 April 2010 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum - RIAA '' . RIAA . Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` How did ' I Can Only Imagine ' become the biggest Christian hit ever ( and inspire a movie ) ? '' . Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum - RIAA '' . RIAA . Retrieved 2018 - 08 - 07 . ^ Jump up to : `` Dove Awards History Year ( searchable database ) '' . GMA Dove Award . Gospel Music Association ( GMA ) . Archived from the original on 20 August 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Note : Search for either MercyMe or Bart Millard . ^ Jump up to : Losey , Steven Douglas ( 26 December 2002 ) . `` Real People , Real Worship '' . CCM Magazine . Salem Publishing ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 18 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` STS - 129 Wakeup Calls '' . NASA . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 August 2011 . Curator : Kim Dismukes ; responsible official : Amiko Kauderer . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 8 June 2008 ) . `` MercyMe , iTunes Originals Review '' . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes Originals by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Matt ( 7 April 2009 ) . `` MercyMe , `` 10 '' Review `` . Jesus Freak Hideout . John DiBiase . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 13 August 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` ACE Title Search `` I Can Only Imagine '' `` . American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Jones , Kim . `` Who Sings `` I Can Only Imagine '' ? `` . About.com . About.com ( The New York Times Company ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Breimeier , Russ . `` Satisfy , Christian Music Reviews '' . The Fish . Christianity Today International ( Salem Communications ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September Demi Lovato has also covered the song . 2011 . Check date values in : accessdate = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Jeff Carson Album & Song History '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 16 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Emerson Drive '' . Emerson Drive . 22 August 2008 . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Charisma . `` ' Hairpiece Revival ' Spreads Worship Awakening Across the Country -- Charisma Magazine '' . www.charismamag.com . Jump up ^ Spiritwatch Ministries On YouTube ( 30 December 2014 ) . `` Suffer The Children - a film by Trevor Glass '' -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Amazon.com `` I Can Only Imagine '' / `` Word of God Speak '' `` . Amazon.com . Retrieved 9 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Almost There by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` iTunes -- Music -- Spoken For by MercyMe '' . iTunes . Apple Inc . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 24 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Word of God Speak '' Sheet Music `` . Musicnotes , Inc . ( Kathleen Marsh ) . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 23 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Contemporary ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Adult Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Pop Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Lescharts.com -- MercyMe -- I Can Only Imagine '' ( in French ) . Les classement single . Retrieved February 8 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Christian Digital Songs : Top Worship Music Chart '' . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Hot Christian Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` MercyMe Chart History ( Digital Songs ) '' . Billboard . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE - 80 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart Archives ( AC ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives ( Singles sales ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Magazine Archives ( 12 / 27 / 03 ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 27 December 2011 . pp. YE - 34 . Retrieved 7 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2010 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard.biz Year - end chart archives 2011 ( Digital songs ) '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . Retrieved 12 September 2011 . External links ( edit ) 2010s portal film in the United States portal MercyMe singles Discography Almost There `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Spoken For `` Spoken For '' `` Word of God Speak '' `` The Change Inside Of Me '' Undone `` Here with Me '' `` Homesick '' `` In the Blink of an Eye '' Coming Up to Breathe `` So Long Self '' `` Hold Fast '' `` Bring the Rain '' All That Is Within Me `` God with Us '' `` You Reign '' `` Finally Home '' The Generous Mr. Lovewell `` All of Creation '' `` Beautiful '' `` Move '' The Hurt & The Healer `` The Hurt & The Healer '' Welcome to the New `` Shake '' Lifer `` Even If '' Other charted songs `` O Holy Night '' `` Silent Night '' `` Rockin ' Around the Christmas Tree '' `` God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen '' `` The Little Drummer Boy '' `` It Came Upon a Midnight Clear '' `` Go Tell it on the Mountain '' `` Sleigh Ride '' Jeff Carson Studio albums Jeff Carson Butterfly Kisses Real Life Singles `` Not on Your Love '' `` The Car '' `` Holdin ' Onto Somethin ' '' `` Butterfly Kisses '' `` Real Life ( I Never Was the Same Again ) '' `` I Can Only Imagine '' Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Can_Only_Imagine_(MercyMe_song)&oldid=856716816 '' Categories : 1990s ballads 1999 songs 2001 singles MercyMe songs Pop ballads Songs written by Bart Millard Curb Records singles Billboard Christian Songs number - one singles Hidden categories : Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 errors : dates Use dmy dates from November 2012 Good articles Articles with hAudio microformats Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary Singlechart called without song Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 Singlechart usages for Billboardpopsongs Singlechart usages for France Singlechart usages for Billboardchristiansongs Singlechart usages for Billboarddigitalsongs Talk Contents About Wikipedia Português Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2018 , at 03 : 43 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when was mercyme i can only imagine released | ['"I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album\'s lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for \'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year\' and \'Song of the Year\'; Millard earned the Dove Award \'Songwriter of the Year\' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone.\n'] | ['2001'] | "I Can Only Imagine" was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with "Word of God Speak") was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, "I Can Only Imagine" earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best-selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone.
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[question]: What is the name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time?
[answer]: The name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | What is the name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time? | The name of the song that holds the record for best-selling Christian single of all time is "I Can Only Imagine." | 1 | 7.399111 | 21 | 159 | 1 |
6,363 | 6,443,191,624,587,084,000 | Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions | Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions - wikipedia Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions First edition Author Bill W . Country United States of America Language English Subject Alcoholism , Alcoholics Anonymous , Twelve Steps , Twelve Traditions Published 1953 Alcoholics Anonymous World Services , Inc . Media type Print ( Hardback , Paperback and Online ) Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions is a 1953 book , which explains the twenty - four basic principles of Alcoholics Anonymous and their application . The book dedicates a chapter to each step and each tradition , providing a detailed interpretation of these principles for personal recovery and the organization of the group . Bill W. began work on this project in early 1952 . By 1957 , 50,000 copies were in circulation . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age . New York : Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing , Inc. 1957 . p. 219 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 916856 - 02 - 1 . Jump up ^ AA Fact File http://www.aa.org/pdf/products/m-24_aafactfile.pdf Alcoholics Anonymous History Effectiveness Concepts Twelve Steps Twelve Traditions Higher Power Serenity Prayer Literature The Big Book Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions The Little Red Book Day by Day People Bill W . Dr. Bob Jim Burwell Sister Ignatia Marty Mann Carl Jung Lois W . William Duncan Silkworth Rowland Hazard III Ebby Thacher Related Al - Anon / Alateen Alcoholism Bill Wilson House Disease theory of alcoholism Hazelden Foundation The Oxford Group Stepping Stones Charles B. Towns Drama Bill W. and Dr. Bob My Name Is Bill W . When Love Is Not Enough : The Lois Wilson Story Bill W. ( 2012 ) Category : Alcoholics Anonymous Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twelve_Steps_and_Twelve_Traditions&oldid=736811011 '' Categories : Alcoholics Anonymous 1953 books American non-fiction books Hidden categories : Pages to import images to Wikidata Talk About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 30 August 2016 , at 00 : 26 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who wrote the 12 steps and 12 traditions | ['Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions is a 1953 book, which explains the twenty-four basic principles of Alcoholics Anonymous and their application.[1] The book dedicates a chapter to each step and each tradition, providing a detailed interpretation of these principles for personal recovery and the organization of the group.[2] Bill W. began work on this project in early 1952. By 1957, 50,000 copies were in circulation.[1]'] | ['Bill W.'] | Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions is a 1953 book, which explains the twenty-four basic principles of Alcoholics Anonymous and their application.[1] The book dedicates a chapter to each step and each tradition, providing a detailed interpretation of these principles for personal recovery and the organization of the group.[2] Bill W. began work on this project in early 1952. By 1957, 50,000 copies were in circulation.[1] |
[question]: What is the name of the book written by Bill W. that explains the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous?
[answer]: The book written by Bill W. that explains the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous is called "Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions". | What is the name of the book written by Bill W. that explains the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous? | The book written by Bill W. that explains the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous is called "Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions". | 1 | 7.393471 | 20 | 65 | 1 |
4,192 | -4,830,219,626,484,238,000 | Henry Cavill | Henry Cavill - wikipedia Henry Cavill Jump to : navigation , search Henry Cavill Cavill at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con International promoting Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill ( 1983 - 05 - 05 ) 5 May 1983 ( age 34 ) St. Helier , Jersey , Channel Islands Residence Kensington , London , England Nationality British Education St Michael 's Preparatory School Stowe School Occupation Actor Years active 2001 -- present Height 6 ft 1 in ( 1.85 m ) Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill ( / ˈkævɪl / ; born 5 May 1983 ) is a British actor . Cavill began his career starring in the film adaptations of The Count of Monte Cristo ( 2002 ) and I Capture the Castle ( 2003 ) . He later appeared in minor and supporting roles in television shows such as BBC 's The Inspector Lynley Mysteries , ITV 's Midsomer Murders and Showtime 's The Tudors , then crossed to mainstream Hollywood films such as Tristan & Isolde ( 2006 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) , Blood Creek ( 2009 ) and Immortals ( 2011 ) . Cavill starred as Charles Brandon , 1st Duke of Suffolk in the Showtime television series The Tudors ; and in 2008 became the official spokesman for the Dunhill fragrance collection for men . Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel , originally the highest - grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016 's Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , where he reprised his role as Superman ; making it his highest - grossing film to date . In 2015 , he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Career 3 In the media 4 Charity work 5 Personal life 6 Filmography 6.1 Film 6.2 Television 7 Awards and nominations 8 References 9 External links Early life ( edit ) Cavill was born the fourth of five boys on Jersey in the Channel Islands , a self - governing possession of the Crown ( Crown dependency ) . His mother , Marianne ( Dalgliesh ) , was a secretary in a bank , and his father , Colin Cavill , was a stockbroker . He was educated at St Michael 's Preparatory School in Saint Saviour , Jersey , before attending Stowe School in Stowe , Buckinghamshire , England . Career ( edit ) Cavill at the Whatever Works premiere in 2009 Cavill began his film career with a role in Laguna ( 2001 ) and the following year in Kevin Reynolds ' 2002 adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo . He continued with appearances in BBC 's The Inspector Lynley Mysteries ( 2002 ) , the television film Goodbye , Mr. Chips ( 2002 ) , and the television series Midsomer Murders ( 2003 ) . In 2003 , he had a supporting role in I Capture the Castle , followed by Hellraiser : Hellworld ( 2005 ) , Red Riding Hood ( 2006 ) and Tristan & Isolde ( 2006 ) . He had a minor role in Matthew Vaughn 's adaptation of Stardust ( 2007 ) . From 2007 to 2010 , Cavill had a leading role in Showtime 's television series , The Tudors , as Charles Brandon , 1st Duke of Suffolk . The series was well - received : it was nominated for a Golden Globe in 2007 and won an Emmy in 2008 . Cavill gave the show credit for bolstering his career : `` It 's done the most for me to date . ( ... ) Now that there 's an audience somewhere in America that 's aware of who I am , I have more sell - ability , because of The Tudors . '' Entertainment Weekly named him the `` Most Dashing Duke '' and praised his work on The Tudors for displaying `` charm , depth and a killer bod '' . Cavill had been set to play Superman in McG 's 2004 film , Superman : Flyby . However , McG pulled out of the project and direction was taken over by director Bryan Singer , who recast Brandon Routh as the lead in Superman Returns . Cavill was also the cause of a write - in effort from fans to see him cast as Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ( 2005 ) . The role eventually went to Robert Pattinson . Stephenie Meyer , the author of the Twilight series , was outspokenly in favour of Cavill playing the character of Edward Cullen in the Twilight film , calling him her `` perfect Edward '' . However , by the time production of the film began , Cavill was too old to play the character , and again the role went to Pattinson . Cavill in 2011 In 2005 , Cavill was a final choice for the role of James Bond in Casino Royale . The producers and director Martin Campbell were torn between him and Daniel Craig ; reportedly Campbell supported Cavill but the producers preferred an older Bond . Craig ultimately landed the role . Despite reports that he was a contender for Batman in Batman Begins , Cavill confirmed that he never auditioned for , nor was offered , the role . He starred in director Joel Schumacher 's horror film , Blood Creek ( 2008 ) , and in 2009 , he had a supporting role in Woody Allen 's comedy film , Whatever Works . Cavill played the lead role of Theseus in Tarsem Singh 's mythological film , Immortals , released 11 November 2011 . In 2012 , Cavill starred , alongside Bruce Willis , in The Cold Light of Day . Cavill at the 2013 San Diego Comic Con , promoting Man of Steel On 30 January 2011 , it was announced that Cavill had been cast in the role of Clark Kent / Superman in director Zack Snyder 's Man of Steel . Snyder called Cavill `` the perfect choice to don the cape and S shield . '' Entertainment media applauded Henry Cavill on his road to success . On being chosen for the role , Cavill commented , `` In the pantheon of superheroes , Superman is the most recognized and revered character of all time , and I am honoured to be a part of his return to the big screen . '' Cavill reprised the role of Superman in Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , a 2016 sequel which featured a crossover with Batman and Wonder Woman . Cavill will reprise the role of Superman for the upcoming Justice League film . According to his new manager Dany Garcia , Cavill is working on a new standalone Superman movie . Cavill is signed onto a psychological thriller Nomis alongside Alexandra Daddario and Sir Ben Kingsley , which began filming on February 25th 2017 in Winnipeg , Canada . Cavill has also signed onto Mission : Impossible 6 . Cavill has expressed interest in taking over the role of James Bond when Daniel Craig gives it up . He co-starred with Armie Hammer in the film version of spy series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. , after Tom Cruise had to drop out to work on Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation . He appeared at the San Diego Comic - Con in disguise to surprise the cast of Suicide Squad . In the media ( edit ) Cavill was named one of GQ 's 50 best dressed British men in 2012 . In December 2013 , Cavill was named `` World 's Sexiest Man '' by British Glamour magazine . The same year , Empire magazine placed him third on their list of `` The 100 Sexiest Movie Stars 2013 '' . In early 2008 , Cavill became the face of the British fragrance Dunhill . A television commercial for the brand featured a suited - up Cavill walking through the Union Jack , before mounting a helicopter . A second television commercial featured Cavill driving a car through a deserted London at night , and meeting with a young woman . In August 2014 , Cavill took part in an Ice Bucket Challenge in support of the ALS Association , where he was soaked with six large buckets of water ( doing the challenge in his full Superman costume ) . Charity work ( edit ) Cavill is a spokesman for the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust , and an ambassador for The Royal Marines Charity . He launched the running phase of the Royal Marines 1664 Challenge and took part in The Gibraltar Rock Run 2014 . Personal life ( edit ) Cavill was engaged to English showjumper Ellen Whitaker , however they split in 2012 . Cavill lives in South Kensington , London . Filmography ( edit ) Film ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes Laguna Thomas Aprea 2002 The Count of Monte Cristo Albert Mondego 2003 I Capture the Castle Stephen Colley 2005 Hellraiser : Hellworld Mike 2006 Tristan & Isolde Melot 2006 Red Riding Hood The Hunter 2007 Stardust Humphrey 2009 Whatever Works Randy Lee James 2009 Blood Creek Evan Marshall 2011 Immortals Theseus 2012 The Cold Light of Day Will Shaw 2013 Man of Steel Kal - El / Clark Kent / Superman 2015 The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Napoleon Solo 2016 Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice Clark Kent / Superman 2017 Sand Castle Captain Syverson 2017 Justice League Clark Kent / Superman Post-production 2018 Nomis Marshall Post-production 2018 Mission : Impossible 6 Filming Television ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes 2002 Inspector Lynley Mysteries , The The Inspector Lynley Mysteries Chas Quilter Episode : `` Well - Schooled in Murder '' 2002 Goodbye , Mr. Chips Soldier Colley Television film 2003 Midsomer Murders Simon Mayfield Episode : `` The Green Man '' 2007 -- 2010 Tudors , The The Tudors Charles Brandon 38 episodes Awards and nominations ( edit ) Year Organization Award Work Result 2012 NewNowNext Award Cause You 're Hot The Tudors Nominated 2013 Cause You 're Hot Man of Steel Nominated Teen Choice Award Choice Summer Movie Star : Male Nominated Choice Liplock ( shared with Amy Adams ) Nominated 2014 Critics ' Choice Movie Award Best Actor in an Action Movie Nominated MTV Movie Awards Best Hero Won 2016 Teen Choice Award Choice Movie Actor : Sci - Fi / Fantasy Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice Nominated Choice Liplock ( shared with Amy Adams ) Nominated 2017 Kids ' Choice Awards Favorite Movie Actor Nominated Favorite Butt - Kicker Nominated Favorite Frenemies ( shared with Ben Affleck ) Nominated Razzie Awards Worst Actor Nominated Worst Screen Combo ( shared with Ben Affleck ) Won References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill Gets Real About the Financial Perks of Being an Actor : ' I 'm Not Just Doing This for the Art ' '' . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill & Ben Affleck visit EJ , Charles , Kenny & Shaq on TNT NBA Tip - Off '' . Jump up ^ `` Why Superman Can Be Played By A British Actor , According To Henry Cavill '' . Jump up ^ `` Another British superhero : Henry Cavill to play Superman '' . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill '' . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill , Part 1 - The Tonight Show with Jay Leno '' . 7 June 2013 . Retrieved 7 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill - Biography '' . Yahoo ! Movies . Retrieved 19 August 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ten Things About ... Henry Cavill '' . Digital Spy. 17 April 2013 . Retrieved 19 August 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill Biography '' . BuddyTV . Retrieved 19 August 2013 . Jump up ^ `` The Tudors Interview . '' Filmed interview . Retrieved 18 February 2011 Jump up ^ Svetkey , Benjamin , `` Must List 2009 : TV . '' Entertainment Weekly 26 June 2009 . Print . Retrieved 18 February 2011 from Entertainment Weekly online , ^ Jump up to : Jensen , Jeff `` Doc '' . `` Superman Soars Again . '' Entertainment Weekly 25 February 2011 : 54 -- 57 . Print . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ Wigler , Josh . `` ' Tudors ' Star Henry Cavill Was So Close To Playing Superman , He Even Wore The Cape ! '' . MTV , 6 May 2009 . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill for Cedric Diggory . '' Henry Cavill at IntenseVibe.org . IntenseVibe , 22 February 2008 . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ Morris , W.M. `` Interview : Twilight author Stephenie Meyer . '' A Motley Vision ... A Motley Vision , 26 Oct. 2005 . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 ^ Jump up to : Meyer , Stephenie . `` Twilight the Movie ( archives ) . '' . stepheniemeyer.com . The Official Website of Stephenie Meyer , 7 July 2007 . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill Talks Twilight '' . By Josh Horowitz . MTV Movies . Filmed interview . Retrieved 19 February 2011 ^ Jump up to : `` Henry Cavill Interview . '' Filmed interview . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` David Arnold discusses screentesting the new James Bond , and Daniel Craig 's competition . '' MI6 . MI6 , 22 March 2007 . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` ' Whatever ' makes Henry Cavill tick '' . USA Today . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Billington , Alex ( 17 May 2010 ) . `` First Look : Tarsem Singh 's ' Immortals ' Epic with Henry Cavill '' . firstshowing.net First Showing . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill to Play Superman '' . superherohype.com . SuperHeroHype. 30 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Venutolo , Anthony ( 30 January 2011 ) . `` Henry Cavill cast as Superman in Zack Snyder 's reboot '' . NJ . Jump up ^ Ditzian , Eric ( 1 February 2011 ) . `` ' Superman ' Star Henry Cavill Will Be ' Amazing ' , Christopher Nolan Says '' . MTV . Jump up ^ Ditzian , Eric ( 31 January 2011 ) . `` ' Superman ' Star Henry Cavill Had Long Road To Landing The Role '' . MTV . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill : The Next Superman '' . CBSNews.com / CelebrityCircuit . Retrieved 31 January 2011 . Jump up ^ Bettinger , Brendan . `` Henry Cavill is SUPERMAN ! '' . Collider . Retrieved 25 July 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Batman vs Superman : first pictures from the film '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Gal Gadot to Play Wonder Woman in ' Batman vs. Superman ' '' . Variety . 4 December 2013 . Retrieved 4 December 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Warner Bros. Pictures Pushes Batman vs. Superman Back to 2016 '' . ComingSoon.net. 17 January 2014 . Jump up ^ Ahmed , Tufayel ( September 15 , 2016 ) . `` DWAYNE JOHNSON 'S ROCK : MEET DANY GARCIA , THE WOMAN BEHIND HOLLYWOOD 'S HIGHEST EARNER '' . Newsweek . Jump up ^ http://www.chrisd.ca/2017/02/10/sir-ben-kingsley-henry-cavill-nomis-winnipeg/ Jump up ^ Wilding , Josh . `` JUSTICE LEAGUE Star Henry Cavill Joins Tom Cruise In MISSION : IMPOSSIBLE 6 '' . ComicBookMovie . Retrieved 20 March 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Superman star keen to try Bond '' . 3 News NZ. 23 April 2013 . Jump up ^ `` ' Man of Steel ' star Henry Cavill needs nerves of steel '' . Jump up ^ Patricia Didelot ( 5 June 2013 ) . `` Henry Cavill Confirms His Role In ' The Man From U.N.C.L.E. ' And Shares More About ' Man Of Steel ' '' . Inquisitr.com . Retrieved 23 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` From ' Man of Steel ' to ' Man From U.N.C.L.E. ' Inquirer Entertainment '' . Entertainment.inquirer.net. 6 June 2013 . Retrieved 23 June 2013 . Jump up ^ Schwerdtfeger , Conner ( July 25 , 2016 ) . `` Henry Cavill makes surprising visit to San Diego Comic - on '' . Retrieved July 25 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Tinie Tempah and Mario Balotelli GQ 's best dressed men '' . BBC . 16 January 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill voted world 's sexiest man in Glamour poll '' . BBC . 2 December 2013 . Retrieved 13 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 3 . Henry Cavill - The 100 Sexiest Movie Stars 2013 '' . Empire . Retrieved 13 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Dunhill London . ' . Dunhill . Web . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` Dunhill London Fragrance with Henry Cavill . '' . Television ad . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill -- Dunhill Black . '' . Television ad . Retrieved 19 February 2011 Jump up ^ Olivia B. Waxman ( 26 August 2015 ) . `` Superman Proves He 's Superman By Hardly Wincing During The Ice Bucket Challenge '' . Time . Retrieved 25 September 2015 . Jump up ^ Kirsty McCormack ( 27 August 2015 ) . `` He really is Superman ! Henry Cavill gets drenched several times in Ice Bucket Challenge '' . Daily Express . Retrieved 25 September 2015 . Jump up ^ David Crow ( 26 August 2015 ) . `` Henry Cavill And Amy Adams Take The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge As Superman and Lois Lane '' . Den of Geek . Retrieved 25 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Superman actor Cavill joins wildlife trust '' . 8 August 2014 . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . Jump up ^ `` ' Man of Steel ' Henry Cavill launches the Royal Marines 1664 Challenge '' . YouTube . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` ' Man of Steel ' Henry Cavill joins fundraisers and Gibraltarians to celebrate a very important birthday '' . rmctf.org.uk . Retrieved 4 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Showjumper Ellen Whitaker splits from Superman Henry Cavill as he heads to Hollywood '' . Jump up ^ `` Why Henry Cavill is more Clark Kent than Superman '' . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill Gets Real About the Financial Perks of Being an Actor : ' I 'm Not Just Doing This for the Art ' '' . Jump up ^ `` Henry Cavill on Batman v Superman , Dunhill suits and stockbroking '' . Jump up ^ `` 2012 NewNowNext Awards Nominees -- Cause You 're Hot '' . NewNowNext Awards . Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 24 June 2013 . Jump up ^ `` 2013 Nominees -- Cause You 're Hot '' . NewNowNext Awards . Retrieved 23 June 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Kids ' Choice Awards 2017 : Full Nominees and Winners List '' . Us Weekly . Retrieved 12 March 2017 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Cavill . Henry Cavill on IMDb Preceded by Brandon Routh Actor to portray Clark Kent / Superman 2013 - present Succeeded by Tyler Hoechlin VIAF : 163733385 LCCN : no2008178715 ISNI : 0000 0001 1483 2439 GND : 141252286 SUDOC : 134013603 BNF : cb16587284m ( data ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cavill&oldid=800989357 '' Categories : 1983 births 21st - century British male actors British expatriate male actors in the United States British male film actors British male television actors British people of English descent British people of Irish descent British people of Scottish descent Jersey male actors Living people People educated at Stowe School People from Saint Saviour , Jersey Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from December 2015 Use British English from July 2013 Articles with hCards Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Acèh Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Кыргызча Latviešu Magyar मैथिली მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English کوردی Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 डोटेली Edit links This page was last edited on 17 September 2017 , at 00 : 25 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who plays clark kent in man of steel | ["Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel, originally the highest-grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, where he reprised his role as Superman; making it his highest-grossing film to date. In 2015, he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E."] | ['Cavill'] | Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel, originally the highest-grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, where he reprised his role as Superman; making it his highest-grossing film to date. In 2015, he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. |
[question]: What was Henry Cavill's highest-grossing film?
[answer]: Henry Cavill's highest-grossing film to date is Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. | What was Henry Cavill's highest-grossing film? | Henry Cavill's highest-grossing film to date is Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. | 1 | 7.389642 | 13 | 75 | 1 |
15,416 | -1,626,467,038,887,293,000 | Super Bowl LII | Super Bowl LII - wikipedia Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII Philadelphia Eagles ( 1 ) ( NFC ) ( 13 -- 3 ) New England Patriots ( 1 ) ( AFC ) ( 13 -- 3 ) 41 33 Head coach : Doug Pederson Head coach : Bill Belichick Total PHI 9 13 7 12 41 NE 9 14 7 33 Date February 4 , 2018 Stadium U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota MVP Nick Foles , quarterback Favorite Patriots by 5.5 Referee Gene Steratore Attendance 67,612 Ceremonies National anthem Pink Coin toss Hershel W. Williams , representing Medal of Honor recipients Halftime show Justin Timberlake TV in the United States Network NBC Universo ( Spanish language ) Announcers Al Michaels ( play - by - play ) Cris Collinsworth ( analyst ) Michele Tafoya ( sideline reporter ) Edgar López ( play - by - play - Universo ) René Giraldo and Rolando Cantú ( analysts - Universo ) Verónica Contreras ( sidelines - Universo ) Nielsen ratings 43.1 ( national ) 56.2 ( Philadelphia ) 55.9 ( Boston ) U.S. viewership : 103.4 million est . avg . Market share 68 ( national ) Cost of 30 - second commercial $5 million Radio in the United States Network Westwood One ESPN Deportes Radio ( Spanish language ) Announcers Kevin Harlan ( play - by - play ) Boomer Esiason and Mike Holmgren ( analysts ) Ed Werder and Tony Boselli ( sideline reporters ) Álvaro Martín ( play - by - play - ESPN Deportes Radio ) Raúl Allegre ( analyst - ESPN Deportes Radio ) John Sutcliffe ( sideline - ESPN Deportes Radio ) ← LI Super Bowl LIII → Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League ( NFL ) for the 2017 season . The National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference ( AFC ) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots , 41 -- 33 , to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960 . The game was played on February 4 , 2018 , at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis , the northernmost city to ever host the event , after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season , and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold - weather city . New England finished the regular season with an AFC - best 13 -- 3 record , then extended their record Super Bowl appearances to ten , their third in four years , and their eighth under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady . Philadelphia also finished the regular season with an NFC - best 13 -- 3 record but entered the playoffs as underdogs after starting quarterback Carson Wentz suffered a season - ending injury late in the regular season and was replaced by backup quarterback Nick Foles . Still , the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl appearance , having previously lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV and to the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX . Several records were set during Super Bowl LII , including most yards gained in an NFL game by both teams combined ( 1,151 ) , the fewest punts from both teams in a Super Bowl ( one ) , and the most points scored by a Super Bowl losing team ( 33 ) . The game was settled after the Eagles converted a fumble recovery deep within Patriots territory to a field goal with 1 : 05 remaining to extend their lead to eight points , and Brady 's Hail Mary pass fell incomplete as time expired . Foles completed 28 of 43 pass attempts for 373 yards and three touchdowns with one interception , caught a one - yard touchdown pass , and was named Super Bowl MVP . Foles ' touchdown catch later became known as The Philly Special and joined NFL lore . The broadcast of the game on NBC had the smallest Super Bowl audience in nine years , with an average of 103.4 million viewers . Average TV viewership for the halftime show , headlined by Justin Timberlake , was 106.6 million American television viewers , 9 percent less than the previous year . Contents 1 Background 1.1 Host - city selection 1.2 Teams 1.2. 1 Philadelphia Eagles 1.2. 2 New England Patriots 1.3 Playoffs 1.4 Pre-game notes 1.4. 1 Operations 1.4. 2 Associated events 1.4. 3 Marketing 2 Broadcasting 2.1 United States 2.1. 1 Advertising 2.1. 2 Lead - out programs 2.2 International broadcasts 3 Entertainment 3.1 Pre-game 3.2 Halftime show 4 Game summary 4.1 First Quarter 4.2 Second Quarter 4.3 Third Quarter 4.4 Fourth Quarter 4.5 Game statistics 4.6 Box score 5 Final statistics 5.1 Statistical comparison 5.2 Individual statistics 6 Starting lineups 7 Officials 8 References 9 External links Background ( edit ) Host - city selection ( edit ) The U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota , where Super Bowl LII was held . On October 8 , 2013 , the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII : U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Minneapolis hosted Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome , which was torn down after the 2013 season and replaced in 2014 and 2015 by U.S. Bank Stadium . Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , Indiana . The stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVI in 2012 . Mercedes - Benz Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The city has hosted 10 Super Bowls , including seven at the Superdome , most recently Super Bowl XLVII in 2013 . On May 20 , 2014 , the league 's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta , Georgia . Teams ( edit ) The NFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles , while the AFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed New England Patriots , marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference . Philadelphia Eagles ( edit ) Main article : 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Nick Foles in 2014 . The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , the same as New England , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh , but the various tie - breaking provisions gave them the NFC 's top seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . It was a substantial improvement for the team under second - year head coach Doug Pederson ; the Eagles finished the two previous seasons with 7 -- 9 records . In the 2017 season , the team scored 457 points ( third in the NFL ) , while giving up just 295 ( fourth ) points . The offense was led by Pro Bowl quarterback Carson Wentz . In just his second season , he recorded a passer rating of 101.9 , throwing for 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns , with only seven interceptions . His top target was Pro Bowl tight end Zach Ertz , who caught 74 passes for 824 yards and eight touchdowns . Other contributors were two receivers acquired from off - season free agency : Alshon Jeffery , who caught 57 passes for 789 yards and nine scores ; and Torrey Smith , who had 36 receptions for 430 yards . Meanwhile , third - year receiver Nelson Agholor had the best season of his career , hauling in 62 passes for 768 yards and eight touchdowns , a higher total in each category than in his previous two seasons combined . The Eagles rushing attack also benefited from two recently acquired players , LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi . Blount , an off - season signing who won a Super Bowl with the Patriots , gained 776 rushing yards and two touchdowns , while Ajayi , picked up by a mid-season trade with the Miami Dolphins , rushed for 873 yards and caught 24 passes for 154 yards combined with the two teams . Philadelphia also had a superb offensive line , lead by two Pro Bowl selections : Tackle Lane Johnson and Guard Brandon Brooks . The Eagles defense allowed the fourth - fewest yards in the league ( 4,904 ) . Defensive tackle Fletcher Cox made the Pro Bowl for the third time in his career , recording 5 ⁄ sacks and two fumble recoveries , and he had plenty of help around him , such as former Patriots defensive end Chris Long , who had five sacks and forced four fumbles , and defensive end Brandon Graham , who led the team with 9 ⁄ sacks . Middle linebacker Nigel Bradham led the team in combined tackles with 88 . The Eagles secondary featured Pro Bowl safety Malcolm Jenkins , who had 76 combined tackles and two interceptions , along with cornerback Patrick Robinson , who led the team with four interceptions . Philadelphia had stormed to the top of the NFC by winning 10 of their first 12 games , but suffered a major setback on December 10 , when Wentz went down with a season - ending ACL tear and was replaced by journeyman backup quarterback Nick Foles , who was playing for his third team in as many years and his second stint with the Eagles . Still , Foles was able to lead the team to victory in that game , as well as the next two . The Eagles lost a meaningless week 17 matchup with the Cowboys led by third - string quarterback Nate Sudfeld . Then in their two playoff games , Foles threw for a combined total of 598 yards , three touchdowns and no interceptions . New England Patriots ( edit ) Main article : 2017 New England Patriots season Tom Brady in 2016 . The Patriots entered the 2017 NFL season as defending Super Bowl champions . For the 16th time in their 18 seasons under 65 - year old coach Bill Belichick , they recorded a double - digit win season , finishing the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , one of four teams ( along with Philadelphia , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh ) with that record . By virtue of the tie - breaking procedures , they were granted the AFC 's number one overall seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . The previous season 's top wide receiver Julian Edelman went down in the preseason with a season - ending injury . Early season defensive struggles left the team with a 2 -- 2 record after four weeks , and the worst overall defense in the league at that point . The defense came together as a unit , and tighten up over the rest of the season however , with the Patriots going 11 -- 1 after week 4 . Their sole loss in the latter part of the season came in Week 14 to the Miami Dolphins , a division rival , though they were without star tight end Rob Gronkowski due to a one - game suspension for an unnecessary roughness call the prior week . The Patriots ' defense was improved by several late - season free - agent signings , including Eric Lee , a defensive end , previously from the Buffalo Bills , whom the Patriots signed in Week 12 , and James Harrison , a perennial All - Pro for the Pittsburgh Steelers , whom the Patriots picked up off waivers after Christmas . In just six games for New England , Lee recorded 3 ⁄ sacks , a safety , and an interception . In his only regular season game with the Patriots , Harrison recorded two sacks . During the regular season , New England 's offense led the league in yards gained ( 6,307 ) and ranked second in points scored ( 458 ) . The 40 - year - old Brady finished his 18th season with a league - leading 4,577 passing yards , 32 touchdowns and just eight interceptions , earning him his 13th selection to the Pro Bowl and his third league MVP award . One change that helped make up for the loss of Edelman was the acquisition of receiver Brandin Cooks , who caught 65 passes for 1,082 yards and seven touchdowns . Brady was also aided by the healthy return of Gronkowski , who had played just eight games in the previous season , finishing this year with 69 catches for 1,084 yards and eight scores . Receiver Danny Amendola added 61 receptions for 659 yards , as well as another 240 yards returning punts . With the loss of their previous season 's rushing leader LeGarrette Blount to free agency , Dion Lewis stepped up to take the lead , rushing for 896 yards and six touchdowns despite starting only eight games . He also caught 32 passes for 214 yards and two touchdowns and added 570 yards and another touchdown returning kickoffs . Rex Burkhead chipped in 518 all - purpose yards , 30 receptions , and eight touchdowns . In passing situations , the team relied heavily on running back James White , who caught 56 passes for 429 yards and rushed for 171 on the ground . These backs were aided by the blocking of fullback James Develin , who earned his first Pro Bowl selection . On special teams , kicker Stephen Gostkowski ranked second in the NFL with 156 points and fourth in field goals made with 37 , while veteran special team ace Matthew Slater earned his seventh consecutive Pro Bowl selection . The Patriots ' defense ranked only 29th in yards allowed ( 5,856 ) , but ranked fifth in fewest points , giving up only 296 . Defensive end Trey Flowers led the team with 6 ⁄ sacks while also forcing two fumbles . Linebacker Kyle Van Noy had 73 tackles and 5 ⁄ sacks . The Patriots also had a superb secondary , led by cornerbacks Malcolm Butler ( two interceptions , three forced fumbles ) and Stephon Gilmore ( two interceptions , 47 solo tackles ) , as well as safeties Devin McCourty ( 97 combined tackles , one interception , one fumble recovery ) , Patrick Chung ( 84 tackles , one interception , two fumble recoveries ) and Duron Harmon ( four interceptions ) . Playoffs ( edit ) Main article : 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs In the playoffs , the Patriots earned a first - round bye and home - field advantage due to their status as the AFC 's first overall seed . In the divisional round , they defeated the Tennessee Titans 35 -- 14 , as Brady passed for 337 yards and three touchdowns . In that game , the defense amassed eight quarterback sacks of Marcus Mariota and held the Titans ' running game to 65 yards rushing . They then defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 24 -- 20 in the AFC Championship Game , rallying from behind to win the game after the Jaguars jumped out to an early 14 -- 3 lead and whose league - best defense stymied Brady and the rest of the offense for most of the first half . Down 20 -- 10 in the fourth quarter , the Patriots comeback was sealed by two Brady - led drives , both resulting in touchdown passes to Danny Amendola , as well as a key defensive stop by Stephon Gilmore , whose acrobatic block of a Blake Bortles pass ended Jacksonville 's last chance to score . Rob Gronkowski was injured in the game with a concussion , leaving his status for the Super Bowl in doubt . Amendola was the breakout star for the Patriots during their two playoff wins , leading the team with 196 receiving yards , and serving as Brady 's primary target . Meanwhile , Philadelphia started off the divisional round by narrowly defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15 -- 10 , by stopping the Falcons on four consecutive plays after they had a first - down - and - goal situation on the Eagles 9 - yard line during their final drive . They then soundly defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38 -- 7 in the NFC Championship Game . Despite the Vikings scoring on their opening drive , the Eagles defense held them to three punts , two turnovers on downs , two interceptions , and one lost fumble in their remaining drives of the game . Meanwhile , Foles had a great game , in which he completed 26 of 33 passes for 353 yards and three touchdowns . Pre-game notes ( edit ) This game was a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX . Only one player , Patriots starting quarterback Tom Brady , remained on either roster from that contest . Bill Belichick , the Patriots ' head coach in that contest , also remained in that position . Two Eagles , running back LeGarrette Blount and defensive lineman Chris Long , had been Patriots in 2017 's Super Bowl LI . The Eagles had faced the Brady / Belichick era Patriots five times prior to this game ( preseason notwithstanding ) , including Super Bowl XXXIX , their one win of those five rounds being a 35 - 28 win at Gillette Stadium in December during their relatively weak 2015 season , where after falling behind 14 - 0 , they proceeded to rally for 35 points and hold them down to only two more touchdowns on their end to win , allowing them to finally get their first revenge for eleven years prior . The Patriots were the designated home team for Super Bowl LII , because the AFC team is the designated home team in even - numbered years and the NFC team in odd - numbered years . As the designated home team , the Patriots chose to wear their road white jerseys with navy blue pants , becoming the sixth team to wear their white jerseys as the home team and the third team to wear white in back - to - back Super Bowls , following the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowls XII and XIII and again in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII . The Eagles therefore wore their standard home uniform of midnight green jerseys with white pants . Twelve of the previous 13 Super Bowls had been won by teams wearing white jerseys . The last team to win a Super Bowl while wearing their home uniforms was the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV ( who , coincidentally , had also worn green jerseys ) . Operations ( edit ) Security prescreening at the Mall of America before boarding the Metro Blue Line to U.S. Bank Stadium . To coordinate the game and 10 days of events , the National Football League temporarily operated an events office within the Minnesota Vikings office building next to U.S. Bank Stadium . More than 150,000 visitors were expected to attend events associated with the Super Bowl over ten days . Among them were some 5,000 - plus media members ; media day events and press conferences were held at The Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . No sales tax was collected on admission tickets to the game and related events , including parking . To increase security around U.S. Bank Stadium , the stadium 's light rail station was shut down for 48 hours before the game , and a nearby homeless shelter was temporarily moved beyond the security perimeter . The Blue Line of the light rail system was only open to ticketholders and passengers with a Gameday Pass , while the Green Line only ran to Stadium Village station on the University of Minnesota campus before continuing on with restricted access . Metro Transit ran shuttle buses between light rail stations , as well as regular bus service was moved for several weeks due to street closures . Thirty activist groups organized a rally and protest against police brutality , corporate greed , and racist practices . 17 people blocked the Green Line train for 90 minutes before the game , and 200 protesters blocked an entrance to the stadium 's security perimeter . Under a 1998 agreement , the Patriots and Eagles owners split the tickets , and the league controlled the game presentation and entertainment in the stadium . The Patriots practiced at the Minnesota Vikings facilities in Eden Prairie while the Eagles used the University of Minnesota . The Eagles got the Vikings ' locker room and sideline . The Vikings had advanced to the NFC Championship Game before losing to the Eagles ; until that point , the possibility of the Vikings advancing to the Super Bowl and thus becoming the first team to play the game in its home stadium was plausible . Had that happened , the Vikings would have used their own locker rooms and training facilities , while the AFC champion would have used the University of Minnesota . Associated events ( edit ) Nicollet Mall hosted the outdoor Super Bowl Live festival during the lead - up to the game . The Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee presented Super Bowl Live on Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis . This ten - day free festival and concert series featured Sheila E. , The Revolution , Morris Day and The Time , and The New Power Generation , musicians from Minnesota who collaborated with Prince , a Minneapolis native . Produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , Super Bowl Live also included performances by Idina Menzel , Soul Asylum , the Suburbs , Bob Mould , Sounds of Blackness , Dessa , VocalEssence , Mint Condition , and the Jets . In addition to the concert series , Super Bowl Live featured a 200 - foot ( 61 m ) American Birkebeiner International Bridge on Nicollet Mall to showcase cross-country skiing , skijoring , fat - tire bicycle racing , and snow tubing demonstrations . There was also a snowmobile stunt show on February 3 . The NFL presented the Super Bowl Experience at the Minneapolis Convention Center from January 27 to February 3 with an entrance fee . Kelly Clarkson performed at the Minneapolis Armory and a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl . The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez , Imagine Dragons , and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium . Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl . Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed `` listening session '' of his newest album at Prince 's Paisley Park . Dave Matthews Band performed at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul . The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community 's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani , the Chainsmokers , Florida Georgia Line , and Kygo . Planners originally scheduled a 64,000 - square - foot ( 5,900 m ) traveling nightclub for 9500 people , but cancelled , moving its concerts into the main casino . Ellie Goulding 's appearance with Kygo was cancelled at the same time . The Mystic Lake Casino in Prior Lake , Minnesota , has the second - largest hotel in the Twin Cities metropolitan area , and Prior Lake hosted Super Bowl - week events including winter activities , a hotdish competition , and fundraisers . Other events were held at the Mall of America ( including Radio Row as a home for national shows ) , Saint Paul 's RiverCentre and Xcel Energy Center , the Minnesota Vikings ' Winter Park location in Eden Prairie , and the University of Minnesota . `` Taste of the NFL '' is a fundraiser for food banks and was held in Saint Paul . Minneapolis also offered a temporary zip - line across the Mississippi River near downtown . The Luminary Loppet around Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis featured fire dancing , an ice pyramid , and luminary candles at night . The 2018 Saint Paul Winter Carnival took place leading up to , during and after the Super Bowl . Carnival organizers built a large ice palace to coincide with the Super Bowl festivities , as with Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 . The ice palace was planned , cancelled for lack of funds , then re-announced with sponsors . Events in Saint Paul also included an extreme sports demonstration , a `` giant slide '' , and a block party . Officials in the capital city hoped to attract Minneapolis Super Bowl visitors . The Minneapolis Institute of Art had a free 20 - by - 40 - foot ( 6.1 m × 12.2 m ) , 6 - foot - tall ( 1.8 m ) ice maze . The Great Northern was a winter festival in the Twin Cities from January 25 to February 4 that included the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships , an ice bar , and an `` urban ski competition '' . ESPN broadcast its studio programming from the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis , while Golf Channel ( a sister network of Super Bowl LII broadcaster NBC ) aired two live episodes of David Feherty 's eponymous interview show from the State Theatre . Native American communities of Minnesota performed nightly drum ceremonies . Various drumlines from around the state performed at different locations throughout the day . Marketing ( edit ) The slogan Bold North was developed by the Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee to promote Super Bowl LII and its surrounding festivities . The slogan was intended to represent an embrace of the region 's climate as part of its identity . The Bold North slogan was used on merchandise and by the host committee 's official sponsors . The NFL unveiled the official logo for Super Bowl LII ( a blue - colored version of a standard design ) prior to Super Bowl LI , and the official branding elements in October 2017 -- featuring blue and purple hues and aurora motifs . Broadcasting ( edit ) United States ( edit ) NBC broadcast Super Bowl LII , as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL . NBC 's lead NFL team of play - by - play man Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth called the game . Sister cable network Universo carried a full Spanish language broadcast produced by Telemundo Deportes , with Edgar Lopez and Rene Giraldo . The Universo Spanish audio was also available on NBC through the SAP channel , where available . NBC employed 73 cameras within the stadium , and introduced `` volumetric - AR '' graphics featuring 3D body scanning of players . This was the last game in Westwood One 's current national radio contract with the NFL . Each participating team 's flagship station ( the Patriots Radio Network 's WBZ - FM / Boston , and the Eagles Radio Network 's WIP - FM / Philadelphia , along with WEMG / Camden , New Jersey for Spanish play - by - play ) carried the game with local announcers . ( For the second consecutive year , none of the local flagships are clear - channel stations , and thus the local commentators were only audible for free within each respective team 's immediate metropolitan area ; listeners who live outside the flagship stations ' broadcast ranges were required to subscribe to Sirius XM Radio or TuneIn Premium to access the local broadcasts . ) Under the terms of the Westwood One contract , any radio station that is not a local flagship , if it is to carry the game , is required to utilize the Westwood One feed . It was the first title win called by Eagles play - by - play announcer Merrill Reese , who has been the primary radio voice of the team since 1977 . Online streams of the game were provided by NBC . It was available on NBCSports.com , the NBC Sports app for mobile devices , tablets , connected - TV devices , and NBC.com without any required login . The Spanish - language broadcast was available on the Telemundo Deportes En Vivo app and TelemundoDeportes.com for desktop devices , connected TV devices , and tablets but not mobile devices . Under new digital rights deals that began with the 2017 -- 18 playoffs , Verizon still offers mobile streaming of games , but no longer holds exclusive rights to stream NFL games on smartphones or make them exclusive to Verizon Wireless subscribers . Instead , Verizon elected to use the deal to bolster its recent acquisition of Yahoo ! ; on January 9 , 2018 , Verizon announced that it would host streams of playoff games through the Yahoo ! Sports and go90 app , including Super Bowl LII . As a result of the deal , the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time , regardless of network ( because of Verizon 's previous exclusive rights deal , non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts , regardless of source ) . The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers . Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC 's pre-game coverage . Mike Tirico , who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as NBC 's lead studio host for both the NFL and the Olympic Games , did not participate in coverage of Super Bowl LII due to his commitments to prepare for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea ( which opened on the Friday following the game ) . As NBC Sports Regional Networks operates regional sports networks in the markets of both teams which participated , the NBC Sports Boston and NBC Sports Philadelphia channels were used to provide additional coverage of the game from a local perspective . Both networks aired coverage from Minneapolis , including pre-game specials focusing on their respective team , followed by a joint broadcast immediately prior to the game . Nielsen reported a 47.4 / 70 % overnight rating in metered markets , peaking at 52.2 / 74 during the fourth quarter . These numbers are about 3 % lower than early numbers from Super Bowl LI , and the lowest since Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 . Advertising ( edit ) Dan Lovinger , NBC Sports Group executive vice president of ad sales , stated to Variety in July 2017 that the network was seeking a price `` north of $5 million '' ( the price set for the previous two Super Bowls ) for a 30 - second commercial during Super Bowl LII . As they began five days after the Super Bowl , NBC offered advertising packages that covered both Super Bowl LII and the 2018 Winter Olympics ( which marked the first time since 1992 that a single broadcast network had aired both the Super Bowl and Winter Olympics in the same year ) ; the network estimated that it would bring in at least $1 billion in advertising revenue from the two events . During the second quarter , an equipment failure caused NBC 's broadcast to experience dead air for 30 seconds during a commercial break . No actual commercial time was lost . Anheuser - Busch has , as it has done in previous Super Bowls , purchased multiple commercials in the game , advertising Bud Light , Stella Artois and Michelob Ultra . For the first time since Super Bowl VIII , the company reduced the appearances of the Budweiser Clydesdales in a Super Bowl commercial . However , a Clydesdale was featured in a commercial for Tide detergent and the Budweiser Clydesdales only appeared in a 5 - second Budweiser commercial to remind viewers of the `` ClydesdaleCam '' livestreaming event . Other signed advertisers included The Coca - Cola Company and Avocados from Mexico . Cellphone carrier T - Mobile aired a minute long ad with actress Kerry Washington narrating , featuring babies of various ethnic backgrounds . The commercial also features Nirvana 's song `` All Apologies '' played as a lullaby . In the ad , Washington talks about the babies being born with natural instincts of love and not racism calling them `` unstoppable '' and that they will demand fair and equal pay . T - Mobile CEO John Legere posted to his Twitter account afterwards saying , `` This year , we wanted to use our # SuperBowl airtime to share that @ TMobile believes we all started in the same place . We are more alike than different . And we are unstoppable . '' Fiat Chrysler subsidiary Ram Trucks was met with swift and harsh criticism for its use of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr 's sermon `` The Drum Major Instinct '' . Major news outlets and social media erupted in the controversy . Particularly disturbing to many viewers was the selective exploitation of King 's anti-consumerist , anti-advertising speech in an attempt to sell trucks . Lead - out programs ( edit ) NBC 's lead - out program was an episode of This Is Us , titled `` Super Bowl Sunday '' , alongside a special episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon from Minneapolis ' Orpheum Theatre , with halftime performer Justin Timberlake , Dwayne Johnson , Chris Stapleton and the cast of This Is Us as guests . In a surprise move , Netflix used its advertising time to announce it had acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox , the third film in the Cloverfield series , and would make it available immediately after the game , potentially undercutting viewership of the lucrative post-game slot on NBC . International broadcasts ( edit ) Rights holder ( s ) Australia The event aired live on the Seven Network and 7mate Brazil The Super Bowl was shown live by ESPN Brasil , with Paulo Antunes and Everaldo Marques as the announcers for the evening . It was also shown live on Cinemark , Cinépolis , Kinoplex and UCI movie theaters across the country . Canada Bell Canada holds broadcast rights for local stations in Canada and aired the game across its networks on CTV , CTV Two , RDS ( for French ) , TSN Radio and TSN2 ; TSN 's regional networks did not carry the game due to a schedule conflict with the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts , the national women 's curling championship . Bell reprised the previous year 's usage of a sweepstakes and entertainment features to retain Canadian audiences . On RDS , the announcer was David Arsenault with Pierre Vercheval as analyst and Didier Orméjuste on the sidelines . France beIn Sports2 and W9 broadcast the event . Germany ProSieben broadcast the Super Bowl for the first time , after it had previously been on sister channel Sat. 1 since Super Bowl XLVI . It was shown for no additional cost in standard - definition and on ProSieben HD in high - definition on HD+ as well as multiple cable and IPTV providers . It was also available on internet streaming service DAZN for no cost in addition to the regular subscription fee . Philippines The 5 Network broadcast the event in the Philippines . United Kingdom As per recent years , Super Bowl LII aired live on BBC One for no additional cost over the license fee . It was also available on Sky Sports with a subscription , through a Now TV Sports Pass , or as part of the NFL Gamepass Playoffs package . In a change to tradition , the BBC chose to use NBC 's feed instead of the NFL Films and NFL Network produced World Feed . U.S. military bases American Forces Network carried the Super Bowl live to members of the United States Armed Forces in Eurasia . Entertainment ( edit ) Pre-game ( edit ) The inside of the stadium on game day . Pink performed `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' , while Leslie Odom Jr. sang `` America the Beautiful '' . Pink spit out a throat lozenge shortly before singing the anthem , later verified after many commentators thought she had spit out a piece of gum . She reported being ill with flu symptoms during her performance . No players were observed kneeling during the national anthem , in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons . Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony . World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin . Halftime show ( edit ) Main article : Super Bowl LII halftime show Justin Timberlake performs on piano alongside projected archive footage of Prince during the Super Bowl LII halftime show . Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show , along with his band `` The Tennessee Kids '' and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band . Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls : Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC , and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004 with Janet Jackson . Timberlake 's performance drew criticism for not being `` spectacular '' , looking to be safe and avoid incidents such as the infamous `` wardrobe malfunction '' encountered during his performance with Jackson , and for incorporating a video of Prince , who opposed performances combining the dead and the living . Game Summary ( edit ) First quarter ( edit ) A Philadelphia Eagles handoff during the first quarter . The New England Patriots won the opening coin toss and elected to defer to the second half . The Patriots kicked off to the Eagles , who opened the game with a 14 - play , 67 - yard drive that took 7 : 05 off the clock and resulted in a 25 - yard Jake Elliott field goal , giving the Eagles a 3 -- 0 lead . The drive was controlled by the arm of Eagles quarterback Nick Foles , who completed 6 of 9 passes to five different receivers for 61 yards , with a few short runs by LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi mixed in . Foles also made two critical completions on third down plays , hitting Alshon Jeffery for a 17 - yard gain on third - and - 4 , and later found Torrey Smith for a 15 - yard completion on third - and - 12 . The Patriots responded with a drive of their own , almost with the exact same results ; quarterback Tom Brady completed 6 of 8 passes for 60 yards to four different receivers , the longest a 28 - yard strike to Chris Hogan . The drive stalled out on the Eagles 8 - yard line , where they had to settle for Stephen Gostkowski 's 26 - yard field goal , which tied the game at 3 -- 3 . The game 's first touchdown was scored by the Eagles on the next drive , taking only three plays : a short pass from Foles to Nelson Agholor , a 36 - yard run up the middle by Blount , and a 34 - yard touchdown pass from Foles to Jeffery to the left side of the field . The ensuing extra point attempt from Elliott was missed wide right , which made the score 9 -- 3 in favor of the Eagles . The Patriots responded by advancing the ball to the Philadelphia 11 - yard line on their next drive , which was set up by a 50 - yard completion from Brady to Danny Amendola , where the quarter ended . Second quarter ( edit ) With the second quarter under way , the Patriots came away empty - handed on the drive , as Gostkowski missed a 26 - yard field goal attempt after holder Ryan Allen mishandled the snap . New England 's defense forced the game 's only punt on the next drive . On the following drive , Brady completed a 23 - yard pass to Brandin Cooks , but a hard hit by defender Malcolm Jenkins knocked the receiver out of the game with a concussion . On third down from near mid-field , the Patriots attempted a trick play that involved two handoffs and a pass downfield to Tom Brady . Brady was open , but dropped the throw from Amendola . They went for it on fourth down , and a pass intended for tight end Rob Gronkowski fell incomplete , giving the Eagles the ball on their own 35 - yard line on a turnover - on - downs . The Eagles capitalized on a drive featuring two key completions , a 19 - yard catch by Zach Ertz on third - and - 7 , and a 22 - yard reception by Jeffery on the Patriots 21 - yard line . On the next play , a 21 - yard rumble by Blount gave the Eagles another touchdown . They attempted a two - point conversion , which failed and brought the score to 15 -- 3 . The Patriots quickly struck back , as Brady completed a 46 - yard pass to Rex Burkhead on the first play after the kickoff . But the team could only gain two more yards , resulting in Gostkowski 's 45 - yard field goal that got the score to 15 -- 6 . The Eagles got the ball back with 7 : 24 on the clock and looked poised to score another touchdown , when a 26 - yard run by Ajayi gave them a first down on the Patriots 43 - yard line . But on the next play , Foles threw a pass that bounced off Jeffery as he tried to make a one - handed catch , and went into the hands of Patriots safety Duron Harmon for an interception , which he returned eight yards to the 10 - yard line . The Patriots took advantage of the turnover with a seven - play , 90 - yard drive , featuring a 43 - yard completion from Brady to Hogan . On the next play , James White scored with a 26 - yard touchdown run . Gostkowski missed the ensuing extra point , but the score was now 15 -- 12 . Eagles running back Kenjon Barner returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to his own 30 - yard line as time ran down to the two - minute warning . Two plays later , on third down - and - 3 , Foles completed a short pass to running back Corey Clement , who took off for a 55 - yard gain to the New England 8 - yard line . Clement then ran the ball six yards to the two - yard line on the next play . Two plays later , Philadelphia faced fourth - and - goal on the 1 - yard line with 38 seconds left on the clock . Deciding to go for the touchdown , they attempted a similar trick play to the one that had failed for the Patriots earlier . As Foles stepped up to the running back position , Clement took a direct snap and pitched the ball to tight end Trey Burton , who then threw the ball perfectly to Foles , who was wide open in the right side of the end zone . Foles caught the football , making him the first quarterback ever to catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl , and the ensuing extra point was good , giving the Eagles a 22 -- 12 lead , which was taken into the locker room following a short drive by the Patriots . The first half resulted in numerous Super Bowl records from both teams , including most total yards combined ( 673 ) . This was also the first time two quarterbacks had thrown for over 200 yards in the first half of a Super Bowl , with Brady throwing for 276 yards and Foles throwing for 215 yards . Third quarter ( edit ) The Patriots received the second - half kickoff and Brady led New England 75 yards in eight plays . Gronkowski , who only caught one pass for nine yards in the first half , caught five passes for 68 yards on the drive , the last a 5 - yard touchdown reception to make the score 22 -- 19 . The Eagles responded by moving the ball 85 yards in 11 plays on a drive that consumed less than five minutes and featured three critical third down conversions by Foles . The first was a 17 - yard pass to Agholor on third - and - 6 from the Eagles 19 - yard line . Later in the drive , he threw a 14 - yard completion to Ertz on third - and - 1 from the New England 40 - yard line . Finally , he finished the possession with a 22 - yard touchdown pass to Clement on third - and - 6 . The touchdown was held up by a replay review , but replay officials confirmed that Clement kept both feet inbounds and controlled the ball . An Elliott extra point brought the score to 29 -- 19 in favor of the Eagles . Brady responded with a 10 - play , 75 - yard drive , completing all three of his passes for 61 yards , the last one a 26 - yard touchdown pass to Hogan that brought the score to 29 -- 26 . The Eagles followed with an 8 - play , 51 - yard drive featuring a 24 - yard completion from Foles to Agholor on the first play . By the end of the third quarter , the team had made it to the New England 16 - yard line . Fourth quarter ( edit ) The Eagles opened the fourth quarter scoring with a Jake Elliott field goal to bring the score to 32 -- 26 . However , Brady came back with another 75 - yard drive featuring a 30 - yard reception by Amendola and ending with a four - yard pass to Gronkowski , his second touchdown of the game , giving the Patriots their first lead of the game with the score at 33 -- 32 . On their next drive , the Eagles faced third - and - 6 after two plays , but were able to keep the ball with a 7 - yard catch by Ertz . Eventually , they faced a fourth - and - 1 on their own 45 - yard line with 5 : 39 left in the game . Deciding to go for the conversion rather than punt , Foles completed a 2 - yard pass to Ertz that kept the drive alive . Then after a 1 - yard Blount run , he picked up three consecutive first downs with three passes to Agholor for gains of 10 , 18 , and 10 yards , respectively , moving the ball to the New England 14 - yard line . Following a 3 - yard run by Ajayi , Foles threw a 9 - yard touchdown pass to Ertz with 2 : 21 remaining in the game . The play was held up on review , as Ertz lost the ball after touching the ground in the end zone ; it was however determined that he established himself as a runner and also maintained control of the ball as he broke the plane of the goal line . However , a failed two - point conversion left the Eagles with a 38 -- 33 lead . On the Patriots ' next drive , Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham stripped the ball from Brady on the drive 's second play for the only sack of the game for either team . Defensive end Derek Barnett of the Eagles recovered the ball , allowing the Eagles to run the clock down to 1 : 05 and forcing New England to use up all their remaining timeouts . Elliott then kicked a 46 - yard field goal , putting Philadelphia ahead by eight points , with the score at 41 -- 33 , and New England needing a touchdown and a two - point conversion to tie the game and send it into overtime . After nine plays ( one of them a 13 - yard catch by Amendola on fourth - and - 10 ) , Brady reached the 49 - yard line , and with only nine seconds remaining , he threw a Hail Mary pass to the end zone , to no avail as time expired . The Eagles had won their first Vince Lombardi Trophy in franchise history , and their first league championship since 1960 , ending what was the third - longest active championship drought in the NFL at 57 years . Game Statistics ( edit ) The trophy presentation after the game . The combined 74 points scored by both teams was one point shy of the Super Bowl record of 75 , set in Super Bowl XXIX in 1995 ; it and this game marked only the second time in the game 's history where the two teams combined for 70 + points . The game also set a record for most yardage by both teams ( combined ) with 1,151 yards , the most for any single game , regular season or postseason . The game had many other Super Bowl records set as well , including fewest punts from both teams ( one ) , most yards gained by a team ( 613 for New England ) and most points scored by a losing team ( 33 ) . Foles completed 28 - of - 43 passes for 373 yards and three touchdowns , with one interception , and caught a touchdown pass . Clement , who caught only 10 passes for 123 yards and two touchdowns during the season , was the Eagles leading receiver with four receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown , while also rushing for eight yards . Agholor had nine receptions for 84 yards . Blount was the game 's top rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown . Brady completed 28 - of - 48 passes for 505 yards and three touchdowns , breaking the record for most passing yards in a Super Bowl that he had set in the previous season . Amendola was his top target with eight receptions for 152 yards , while Hogan had six for 128 yards and a touchdown and Gronkowski caught nine passes for 116 yards and two scores . Box score ( edit ) Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots -- Game summary Total Eagles ( NFC ) 9 13 7 12 41 Patriots ( AFC ) 9 14 7 33 at U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota Date : February 4 , 2018 Game time : 5 : 31 p.m. CST Game weather : Played indoors ( domed stadium ) Game attendance : 67,612 Referee : Gene Steratore TV announcers ( NBC ) : Al Michaels , Cris Collinsworth , Michele Tafoya Recap , Game Book hide Scoring summary Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score Plays Yards TOP PHI NE 7 : 55 14 67 7 : 05 PHI 25 - yard field goal by Elliott 0 4 : 17 9 67 3 : 38 NE 26 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 2 : 34 77 1 : 43 PHI Jeffery 34 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick no good ( wide right ) 9 8 : 48 6 65 3 : 05 PHI Blount 21 - yard touchdown run , 2 - point pass no good 15 7 : 24 5 48 1 : 24 NE 45 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 15 6 2 : 04 7 90 2 : 57 NE White 26 - yard touchdown run , Gostkowski kick no good ( wide left ) 15 12 0 : 34 7 70 1 : 30 PHI Foles 1 - yard touchdown reception from Burton , Elliott kick good 22 12 12 : 15 8 75 2 : 45 NE Gronkowski 5 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 22 19 7 : 18 11 85 4 : 57 PHI Clement 22 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick good 29 19 3 : 23 7 75 3 : 55 NE Hogan 26 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 29 26 14 : 09 8 51 4 : 14 PHI 42 - yard field goal by Elliott 32 26 9 : 22 10 75 4 : 47 NE Gronkowski 4 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 32 33 2 : 21 14 75 7 : 01 PHI Ertz 11 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , 2 - point pass no good 38 33 1 : 05 1 : 04 PHI 46 - yard field goal by Elliott 41 33 `` TOP '' = time of possession . For other American football terms , see Glossary of American football . 41 33 Final Statistics ( edit ) Statistical comparison ( edit ) Statistic Philadelphia Eagles New England Patriots First downs 25 29 First downs rushing 6 First downs passing 19 23 First downs penalty 0 Third down efficiency 10 / 16 5 / 10 Fourth down efficiency 2 / 2 1 / 2 Total net yards 538 613 Net yards rushing 164 113 Rushing attempts 27 22 Yards per rush 6.1 5.1 Net yards passing 374 500 Passing -- completions / attempts 29 / 44 28 / 49 Times sacked -- total yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 5 Interceptions thrown 0 Punt returns -- total yards 0 -- 0 0 -- 0 Kickoff returns -- total yards 4 -- 98 3 -- 44 Interceptions -- total return yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 8 Punts -- average yardage 1 -- 41 0 -- 0 Fumbles -- lost 0 -- 0 1 -- 1 Penalties -- yards 6 -- 35 1 -- 5 Time of possession 34 : 04 25 : 56 Turnovers The lone Eagles punt was received with a fair catch . Records set ( Unless otherwise noted , all records were only Super Bowl records ) Most yards allowed 613 Philadelphia Eagles Most yards allowed in a win 613 Most Super Bowl appearances , as team 10 New England Patriots Most points scored in a Super Bowl , losing team 33 Most total yards , team ( game ) 613 Most passing yards , team ( postseason game ) 500 Fewest punts , team ( game ) 0 Most players , 100 or more receiving yards ( Amendola 152 , Hogan 128 , Gronkowski 116 ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as player 8 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as starting player 8 Most pass attempts , player ( career ) 357 Most pass completions , player ( career ) 235 Most passing yards , player ( any postseason game ) 505 Most passing yards , player ( career ) 2,576 Most touchdown passes , player ( career ) 18 Oldest quarterback , as player 40 years 185 days Oldest quarterback , as starting player 40 years 185 days Most Super Bowl appearances , as head coach 8 Bill Belichick ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as coach 11 Most Super Bowl appearances , in any capacity 11 Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( game ) Nick Foles ( Philadelphia ) Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( career ) Most Super Bowl games with TD pass and TD reception Longest field goal kicked by a rookie 46 yards Jake Elliott ( Philadelphia ) Most receiving yards , game , tight end 116 Rob Gronkowski ( New England ) Most total yards , both teams ( any NFL game ) 1,151 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs passing , both teams ( game ) 42 Most passing yards , both teams ( any postseason game ) 874 Most missed PAT attempts , both teams ( game ) Fewest punts , both teams ( game ) Records tied Fewest times sacked , as team ( game ) 0 Philadelphia Eagles Fewest fumbles , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest fumbles lost , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most missed PAT attempts , as team ( game ) Most Super Bowl losses , as team 5 New England Patriots Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most Super Bowl appearances , as kicker 5 Stephen Gostkowski ( New England ) Most pass attempts with no interceptions ( game ) 48 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most field goals , both teams ( game ) 5 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs , both teams ( game ) 54 Most pass attempts , both teams ( game ) 93 Most touchdown passes , both teams ( game ) 7 Fewest times sacked , both teams ( game ) Fewest punt returns , both teams ( game ) 0 Fewest punt return yards , both teams ( game ) 0 Individual statistics ( edit ) Eagles passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Nick Foles 28 / 43 373 Trey Burton 1 / 1 0 Eagles rushing Car Yds TD LG LeGarrette Blount 14 90 36 Jay Ajayi 9 57 0 26 Nelson Agholor 9 0 9 Corey Clement 8 0 6 Eagles receiving Rec Yds TD LG Nelson Agholor 9 84 0 24 Zach Ertz 7 67 19 Torrey Smith 5 49 0 17 Corey Clement 100 55 Alshon Jeffery 73 34 Nick Foles Trey Burton 0 0 0 0 Patriots passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Tom Brady 28 / 48 505 0 Danny Amendola 0 / 1 0 0 0 Patriots rushing Car Yds TD LG James White 7 45 26 Dion Lewis 9 39 0 8 Rex Burkhead 18 0 9 Tom Brady 6 0 6 Chris Hogan 0 Brandin Cooks 0 Patriots receiving Rec Yds TD LG Rob Gronkowski 9 116 25 Danny Amendola 8 152 0 50 Chris Hogan 6 128 43 James White 21 0 15 Rex Burkhead 46 0 46 Brandin Cooks 23 0 23 Phillip Dorsett 19 0 19 Tom Brady 0 0 0 0 James Develin 0 0 0 0 Completions / attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Starting lineups ( edit ) Source : Philadelphia Position Position New England Offense Alshon Jeffery WR Brandin Cooks Halapoulivaati Vaitai LT Nate Solder Stefen Wisniewski LG Joe Thuney Jason Kelce David Andrews Brandon Brooks RG Shaq Mason Lane Johnson RT Cameron Fleming Zach Ertz TE Rob Gronkowski Nelson Agholor WR Chris Hogan Nick Foles QB Tom Brady LeGarrette Blount RB Dion Lewis Torrey Smith WR FB James Develin Defense Vinny Curry DE LE Trey Flowers Timmy Jernigan DT Lawrence Guy Fletcher Cox DT Malcom Brown Brandon Graham DE LB James Harrison Mychal Kendricks OLB LB Kyle Van Noy Nigel Bradham OLB LB Elandon Roberts Jalen Mills CB RCB Stephon Gilmore Ronald Darby CB LCB Eric Rowe Corey Graham Patrick Chung Rodney McLeod Devin McCourty Malcolm Jenkins Duron Harmon Officials ( edit ) Super Bowl LII had eight officials . The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers . Referee : Gene Steratore ( 114 ) Umpire : Roy Ellison ( 81 ) Down judge : Jerry Bergman ( 91 ) Line judge : Byron Boston ( 18 ) Field judge : Tom Hill ( 97 ) Side judge : Scott Edwards ( 3 ) Back judge : Perry Paganelli ( 46 ) Replay official : Paul Weidner This was Steratore 's first Super Bowl as a referee , though he had been previously selected as an alternate for Super Bowl XLIV . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brinson , Will ( January 21 , 2018 ) . `` 2018 Super Bowl odds , line : Eagles are big underdogs again , this time against Patriots '' . cbssports.com . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Officials Named '' ( Press release ) . National Football League . January 17 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . 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Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Hartman , Sid ( September 8 , 2017 ) . `` Hartman : Twin Cities setting stage for Super Bowl LII in grand fashion '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2017 . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bruch , Michelle ( January 23 , 2018 ) . `` Navigating the Super Bowl '' . Southwest Journal . Archived from the original on January 24 , 2018 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl '' . Minnesota Department of Revenue . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2017 . Retrieved September 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( November 21 , 2017 ) . `` U.S. Bank Stadium rail stop wo n't be an option in 48 hours before Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Mayerle , Jennifer ( November 21 , 2017 ) . `` Minneapolis Homeless Shelter To Temporarily Move During Super Bowl '' . CBS Minnesota . Archived from the original on November 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Harlow , Tim ( January 12 , 2018 ) . `` A month of Super Bowl disruptions ahead for Metro Transit riders '' . Star - Tribune . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2018 . Retrieved January 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ; Pheifer , Pat ( November 15 , 2017 ) . `` Super Bowl will limit light - rail use to ticket holders on game day '' . Star - Tribune . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2018 . Retrieved January 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ; Pheifer , Pat ; Sawyer , Liz ; Adler , Erin ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Protesters block light rail , rally outside U.S. Bank Stadium '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Williams , Charean ( January 16 , 2018 ) . `` Vikings would play Super Bowl as visitor in their home stadium '' . Yahoo Sports . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Olson , Rochelle ( November 10 , 2017 ) . `` Minneapolis Super Bowl Host Committee raises $50 million , plans street closures '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 9 , 2017 . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( December 1 , 2017 ) . `` A ' very Minnesota ' Super Bowl Live lineup announced for free concerts on mall '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 1 , 2017 . Retrieved December 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( December 20 , 2017 ) . `` Birkebeiner Bridge will be part of Super Bowl Live on Nicollet Mall '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2017 . Retrieved December 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Tickets for Super Bowl Experience ' theme park ' go on sale Tuesday '' . TwinCities.com . December 5 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 6 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( December 18 , 2017 ) . `` Kelly Clarkson to headline game - day parties for Super Bowl LII ticket holders '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Norfleet , Nicole ( July 28 , 2017 ) . `` Remodeled Minneapolis Armory to host days - long entertainment during Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 31 , 2017 . Retrieved August 31 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Raihala , Ross ( November 27 , 2017 ) . `` Jennifer Lopez , the Chainsmokers to play local concerts during Super Bowl '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on December 8 , 2017 . Retrieved December 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( December 13 , 2017 ) . `` Imagine Dragons to play Armory during Super Bowl week '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 14 , 2017 . Retrieved December 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( December 15 , 2017 ) . `` Pink added to Super Bowl concert lineup at Armory '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 15 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( January 13 , 2018 ) . `` Justin Timberlake to party at Prince 's Paisley Park during Super Bowl week '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Sawyer , Liz ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` Mystic Lake helps tout Prior Lake as suburban epicenter for Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Riemenschneider , Chris ; Olson , Rochelle ( January 12 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Club Nomadic canceled at Mystic Lake , concerts move to much smaller venues '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2018 . Retrieved January 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( September 19 , 2017 ) . `` Massive traveling nightclub with expected big acts coming to Mystic Lake for Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on September 19 , 2017 . Retrieved September 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( January 17 , 2018 ) . `` Mystic Lake slashes prices , loses one act in Super Bowl concert mix '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ December 15 , 2017 . `` There 's still time to get paid to work the Super Bowl '' . KARE . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Rogers , Andy ( December 14 , 2017 ) . `` Suburbs ready for NFL weekend '' . Sun ThisWeek . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Olivia ( November 20 , 2017 ) . `` Fans can watch Super Bowl players , coach , national media at St. Paul pregame party '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on November 20 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( November 8 , 2017 ) . `` For Super Bowl , Minneapolis can expect rooftop snipers , restricted access and lots of security '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 8 , 2017 . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( August 30 , 2017 ) . `` Super Bowl tickets available Friday -- for Taste of the NFL event '' . Archived from the original on September 29 , 2017 . Retrieved September 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Zipline across the Mississippi River during Super Bowl festival '' . Fox9.com . Fox Television Stations . December 14 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( August 8 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul Winter Carnival considering an ice palace for 2018 at the State Capitol '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 8 , 2017 . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Walsh , James ( December 21 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul Winter Carnival plans to build ice castle after all '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Retrieved December 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Melo , Frederick ( May 24 , 2014 ) . `` St. Paul hopes to cash in on Super Bowl with palace - sized plans '' . Twin Cities Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2016 . Retrieved February 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ McCardle , Ellery ( February 6 , 2017 ) . `` SB52 : Ice palace returning to St. Paul 's Winter Carnival '' . KARE . Retrieved February 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Olivia ; Woltman , Nick ( October 11 , 2017 ) . `` Haunted by 1992 , St. Paul Winter Carnival cancels Super Bowl ice palace '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2017 . Retrieved October 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Van Berkel , Jessie ( August 23 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul has big plans to capitalize on Super Bowl tourism '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 24 , 2017 . Retrieved August 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ice Maze Coming To South Minneapolis Ahead Of Super Bowl '' . CBS Minnesota . CBS Corporation . January 2 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Your Definitive Guide To Super Bowl LII '' . Forbes Travel Guide . January 12 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 20 , 2018 . Retrieved January 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( November 7 , 2017 ) . `` ESPN chooses IDS Crystal Court for Super Bowl week set '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` David Feherty Hosting Back - to - Back Nights of `` Feherty Live '' in Minneapolis During Week of Super Bowl `` . Golf Channel . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2018 . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Phoenix Drumline to Perform Saturday at Super Bowl Live ! '' . Jump up ^ `` Drumline helps kick off Super Bowl Live event '' . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Why you 'll be hearing ' Bold North ' all week and the story behind Minnesota 's new motto '' . Twin Cities . 2018 - 01 - 30 . Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 22 . Jump up ^ `` Northern Lights : NFL releases official brand renderings for Super Bowl '' . Star Tribune . Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 22 . Jump up ^ `` NFL unveils logo for Super Bowl LII in Minnesota '' . Fox Sports . 2017 - 02 - 06 . Retrieved 2018 - 05 - 22 . ^ Jump up to : Spain , Kevin ( May 9 , 2017 ) . `` NBC looking to sell Super Bowl , Olympics ad combos '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on December 1 , 2017 . Retrieved November 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NBC SPORTS ANNOUNCES SUPER BOWL LII ON - AIR TEAM FOR PATRIOTS - EAGLES -- NETWORK 'S 19TH SUPER BOWL BROADCAST '' ( Press release ) . NBC Sports Group . January 22 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2018 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` TELEMUNDO DEPORTES & UNIVERSO TO ONCE AGAIN PRESENT LIVE , EXCLUSIVE SPANISH - LANGUAGE NFL GAMES THIS SEASON -- INCLUDING SUPER BOWL LII '' ( Press release ) . NBC Sports Group . September 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on January 26 , 2018 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC Sports Embarks on Largest - Scale Live Game Production in History '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC To Debut Virtual 3D Graphics Tech Incorporating Player Body Scans '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` NFL and Dial Global Agree on New Multi-Year Extension '' . Dial Global Sports . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2013 . Retrieved November 15 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Clapp , Matt ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Here 's the Philadelphia Eagles ' radio call of the final play to win Super Bowl LII '' . AwfulAnnouncing.com . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Desk , TV News . `` Spanish - Language Live Super Bowl Telecast Will Be Presented by Telemundo Deportes and Universo '' . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Castillo , Michelle ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Yahoo Sports will start streaming NFL playoff games this weekend , says Oath CEO Tim Armstrong '' . CNBC . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2018 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rovell , Darren ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` Verizon , NFL agree to new 5 - year deal worth nearly $2.5 billion '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on December 12 , 2017 . Retrieved December 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vincent , James ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` NFL games will start streaming on all mobile carriers in January -- not just Verizon '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Bob Costas wo n't work Super Bowl for NBC , even though he 's also not working the Olympics '' . AwfulAnnouncing.com . January 22 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Why NBC 's Mike Tirico will be skipping the Super Bowl in Minneapolis '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC Sports Regional Networks Are All About Synergy in Minneapolis '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ Patton , Dominic ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Ratings Slip To 8 - Year Low As Eagles Score Historic Win '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( July 7 , 2017 ) . `` Madison Avenue , NBC Wrangle Over $5 Million Super Bowl Ads ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on September 18 , 2017 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Fry , Erika ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Ads Ca n't Save TV '' . Fortune ( print mail distribution ) : 11 . ISSN 0015 - 8259 ... and pay rapt attention to commercials that cost roughly $5 million a ( 30 - second ) pop . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( October 30 , 2017 ) . `` NBC Expects More Than $1 Billion in Ad Sales from Super Bowl , Winter Olympics '' . Variety . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` What caused a nearly 30 - second ad blackout during Super Bowl '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stelter , Brian . `` NBC blames ' equipment failure ' for brief blackout during Super Bowl '' . CNNMoney . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Budweiser benches famous Clydesdales for Super Bowl LII '' . The Wall Street Journal . January 27 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 27 , 2018 . Retrieved January 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mobile 's ad : Nirvana , Kerry Washington and a timely statement about equality '' . Money.Cnn.com . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/business/media/mlk-commercial-ram-dodge.html Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 14 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' To Air After the Super Bowl , Mulls Christmas Episode As It Faces Pre-emptions On New Night '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on August 27 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( November 15 , 2017 ) . `` Jimmy Fallon to host ' Tonight Show ' live from Minneapolis after Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 15 , 2017 . Retrieved November 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Fallon unveils guests for Mpls . Super Bowl show : Timberlake , the Rock , ' This Is Us ' cast '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Murphy , Mike ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Why Netflix 's surprise ' Cloverfield Paradox ' release could be a game - changer '' . Market Watch . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Cartwright , Darren ( January 30 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 Brisbane : Best places to watch , when it starts , odds '' . News.com.au . Retrieved March 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CTV 'S $300,000 Watch to Win Contest is Back -- Article -- TSN '' . January 29 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Football - Sonntag '' . ProSieben ( in German ) . January 3 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl 2018 : TV channel , kick - off time and half - time show for Super Bowl 52 at the US Bank Stadium '' . The Sun . January 12 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2018 . Retrieved January 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/Carlsonsports/status/960264692575895557 Jump up ^ Smith , George A. ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` AFN Airing Super Bowl LII Live on TV and Radio '' . Stars and Stripes . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Leslie Odom , Jr. to sing ' America The Beautiful ' at Super Bowl '' . National Football League . January 13 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( January 15 , 2018 ) . `` Performer of ' America the Beautiful ' at Super Bowl LII is chosen '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Wanshel , Elyse ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` This Is What Pink Spit Out Before The Super Bowl National Anthem '' . HuffPost . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Respers France , Lisa ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Pink defends Super Bowl performance '' . CNN . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl coin toss salute for Medal of Honor recipients '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 25 , 2018 . Retrieved January 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Nestel , M.L. ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` WWII Medal recipient does Super Bowl LII coin toss '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Justin Timberlake set for SB LII halftime show '' . ESPN . Associated Press . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris . `` No hologram , but still a Prince tribute in Justin Timberlake 's halftime show '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rollins , Khadrice ( October 22 , 2017 ) . `` Justin Timberlake performing at Super Bowl LII halftime '' . Sports Illustrated . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Official : Justin Timberlake to Headline Super Bowl Halftime '' . Variety . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Justin Timberlake 's Botched Super Bowl Halftime Show Return Not Princely -- Review '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Sherman , Rodger . `` The Winners and Losers From Super Bowl LII '' . The Ringer . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Play By Play '' . NFL.com . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Breech , John ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Patriots 26 - yard field goal attempt ends with crazy miss '' . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Felt , Hunter ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Eagles beat Patriots to win first title -- as it happened '' . The Guardian . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Loumena , Dan ( February 4 , 2018 ) . `` Checking the stats at halftime '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stites , Adam ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` The Patriots and Eagles gave us the 2nd highest - scoring Super Bowl ever '' . SB Nation . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tansey , Joe ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Quarter - by - Quarter Score , Final Stats for Eagles vs. Patriots '' . Bleacher Report . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kramer , Lindsay ( February 3 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Who are the officials ? '' . The Post-Standard . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Bowl LII . Official website Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee Super Bowl NFL NFC Championship AFC Championship Football Games 1960s I ( 1967 ) II ( 1968 ) III ( 1969 ) 1970s IV ( 1970 ) V ( 1971 ) VI ( 1972 ) VII ( 1973 ) VIII ( 1974 ) IX ( 1975 ) X ( 1976 ) XI ( 1977 ) XII ( 1978 ) XIII ( 1979 ) 1980s XIV ( 1980 ) XV ( 1981 ) XVI ( 1982 ) XVII ( 1983 ) XVIII ( 1984 ) XIX ( 1985 ) XX ( 1986 ) XXI ( 1987 ) XXII ( 1988 ) XXIII ( 1989 ) 1990s XXIV ( 1990 ) XXV ( 1991 ) XXVI ( 1992 ) XXVII ( 1993 ) XXVIII ( 1994 ) XXIX ( 1995 ) XXX ( 1996 ) XXXI ( 1997 ) XXXII ( 1998 ) XXXIII ( 1999 ) 2000s XXXIV ( 2000 ) XXXV ( 2001 ) XXXVI ( 2002 ) XXXVII ( 2003 ) XXXVIII ( 2004 ) XXXIX ( 2005 ) XL ( 2006 ) XLI ( 2007 ) XLII ( 2008 ) XLIII ( 2009 ) 2010s XLIV ( 2010 ) XLV ( 2011 ) XLVI ( 2012 ) XLVII ( 2013 ) XLVIII ( 2014 ) XLIX ( 2015 ) 50 ( 2016 ) LI ( 2017 ) LII ( 2018 ) LIII ( 2019 ) 2020s LIV ( 2020 ) LV ( 2021 ) LVI ( 2022 ) LVII ( 2023 ) LVIII ( 2024 ) People Champions Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions Head coaches Active head coach history Quarterbacks Officials Awards , trophies , records Super Bowl ring Vince Lombardi Trophy Most Valuable Players Records Broadcast and production National anthem Halftime Commercials USA Today Ad Meter Adbowl List Broadcast Network broadcasters Counterprogramming Lead - out programming Television ratings Super Bowl Sunday Curse Philadelphia Eagles Super Bowl LII champions 4 Jake Elliott 6 Caleb Sturgis 7 Nate Sudfeld 8 Donnie Jones 9 Nick Foles ( MVP ) 10 Mack Hollins 11 Carson Wentz 13 Nelson Agholor 14 Marcus Johnson 16 Bryce Treggs 17 Alshon Jeffery 18 Shelton Gibson 19 Rashard Davis 21 Patrick Robinson 22 Sidney Jones 23 Rodney McLeod 24 Corey Graham 26 Jaylen Watkins 27 Malcolm Jenkins 28 Wendell Smallwood 29 LeGarrette Blount 30 Corey Clement 31 Jalen Mills 32 Rasul Douglas 33 De'Vante Bausby 34 Donnel Pumphrey 35 D.J. Killings 36 Jay Ajayi 37 Randall Goforth 38 Kenjon Barner 39 Harold Jones - Quartey 41 Ronald Darby 42 Chris Maragos 43 Darren Sproles 45 Rick Lovato 47 Nathan Gerry 49 Tre Sullivan 50 Bryan Braman 51 Steven Means 52 Najee Goode 53 Nigel Bradham 54 Kamu Grugier - Hill 55 Brandon Graham 56 Chris Long 57 Dannell Ellerbe 58 Jordan Hicks 59 Joe Walker 61 Stefen Wisniewski 62 Jason Kelce 65 Lane Johnson 66 Will Beatty 67 Chance Warmack 68 Josh Andrews 71 Jason Peters 72 Halapoulivaati Vaitai 73 Isaac Seumalo 75 Vinny Curry 78 Darrell Greene 79 Brandon Brooks 82 Torrey Smith 84 Dom Williams 85 Billy Brown 86 Zach Ertz 87 Brent Celek 88 Trey Burton 89 Greg Ward Jr . 90 Aziz Shittu 91 Fletcher Cox 93 Timmy Jernigan 94 Beau Allen 95 Mychal Kendricks 96 Derek Barnett 97 Destiny Vaeao 98 Elijah Qualls Head coach : Doug Pederson Coaches : Eugene Chung Phillip Daniels John DeFilippo Dave Fipp Ken Flajole Keith Gray Mike Groh Matthew Harper Tim Hauck Josh Hingst Shaun Huls Trent Miles Ryan Paganetti T.J. Paganetti Justin Peelle Spencer Phillips Frank Reich Jim Schwartz Duce Staley Jeff Stoutland Press Taylor Cory Undlin Dino Vasso Chris Wilson Philadelphia Eagles Founded in 1933 Based and headquartered in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Franchise Franchise History Seasons Coaches Quarterbacks Players Draft Stadiums Baker Bowl Philadelphia Municipal Stadium Connie Mack Stadium Franklin Field Veterans Stadium Lincoln Financial Field Culture `` Fly , Eagles Fly '' Swoop Curse of Billy Penn The Lombardi Curse Invincible Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame Matt Guokas Sr . Dan Baker Cheerleaders Silver Linings Playbook The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon Lore Frankford Yellow Jackets Pennsylvania Keystoners `` Pennsylvania Polka '' Steagles `` Happy Hundred '' Miracle at the Meadowlands 46 defense Fog Bowl Bounty Bowl series Body Bag Game 4th and 26 Miracle at the New Meadowlands Philly Special Rivalries Dallas Cowboys New York Giants Washington Redskins Pittsburgh Steelers Division championships ( 13 ) 1947 1948 1949 1980 1988 2001 2002 2003 2006 2013 2017 Conference championships ( 4 ) 1960 1980 2017 League championships ( 4 ) 1948 1949 1960 2017 ( LII ) Retired numbers 5 15 20 40 44 60 70 92 99 Media Broadcasters WTEL WIP - FM Merrill Reese Mike Quick Current league affiliations League : National Football League Conference : National Football Conference Division : East Division Seasons ( 86 ) 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Championship seasons in bold New England Patriots Founded in 1960 Formerly the Boston Patriots ( 1960 -- 70 ) Based and headquartered in Foxborough , Massachusetts Franchise Franchise History Hall of Fame Patriot Place Seasons Players Coaches First - round draft picks Starting quarterbacks Strategy Broadcasters Stadiums Nickerson Field Fenway Park Alumni Stadium Harvard Stadium Foxboro Stadium Gillette Stadium Culture Billy Sullivan Robert Kraft Jonathan Kraft Pat Patriot Cheerleaders `` I 'm Shipping Up to Boston '' `` Crazy Train '' `` Your Love '' Patriot Reign Family Guy `` Patriot Games '' `` 3 Acts of God '' `` Gronkowsbees '' `` Stunning and Brave '' ( South Park episode ) Lore Snowplow Game St. Louis Stallions Tuck Rule Game 16 - 0 Spygate 2007 game vs. New York Giants Helmet Catch Butt fumble Deflategate 28 -- 3 Philly Special Rivalries Buffalo Bills Miami Dolphins New York Jets Baltimore Ravens Denver Broncos Indianapolis Colts Brady -- Manning rivalry Division championships ( 20 ) 1963 1978 1986 1997 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Conference championships ( 10 ) 1985 2001 2003 2007 2011 2014 2016 2017 League championships ( 5 ) 2001 ( XXXVI ) 2003 ( XXXVIII ) 2004 ( XXXIX ) 2014 ( XLIX ) 2016 ( LI ) Retired numbers 20 40 56 57 73 78 79 89 Media Broadcasters WBZ - FM Radio network Gil Santos Gino Cappelletti Bob Socci Scott Zolak Current league affiliations League : National Football League ( 1970 -- present ) Conference : American Football Conference Division : East Division Former league affiliation League : American Football League ( 1960 -- 1969 ) Seasons ( 58 ) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Championship seasons in bold 2017 NFL season AFC East North South West East North South West NFC Buffalo Baltimore Houston Denver Dallas Chicago Atlanta Arizona Miami Cincinnati Indianapolis Kansas City NY Giants Detroit Carolina LA Rams New England Cleveland Jacksonville LA Chargers Philadelphia Green Bay New Orleans San Francisco NY Jets Pittsburgh Tennessee Oakland Washington Minnesota Tampa Bay Seattle Draft NFL playoffs NFL Honors Pro Bowl Super Bowl LII National Football League Championship Games ( 1933 -- present ) NFL Championship Game ( 1933 -- 1969 ) 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 AFL Championship Game ( 1960 -- 1969 ) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 AFL - NFL World Championship Games ( 1966 -- 1969 ) 1966 ( I ) 1967 ( II ) 1968 ( III ) 1969 ( IV ) Super Bowl ( 1970 -- present ) 1970 ( V ) 1971 ( VI ) 1972 ( VII ) 1973 ( VIII ) 1974 ( IX ) 1975 ( X ) 1976 ( XI ) 1977 ( XII ) 1978 ( XIII ) 1979 ( XIV ) 1980 ( XV ) 1981 ( XVI ) 1982 ( XVII ) 1983 ( XVIII ) 1984 ( XIX ) 1985 ( XX ) 1986 ( XXI ) 1987 ( XXII ) 1988 ( XXIII ) 1989 ( XXIV ) 1990 ( XXV ) 1991 ( XXVI ) 1992 ( XXVII ) 1993 ( XXVIII ) 1994 ( XXIX ) 1995 ( XXX ) 1996 ( XXXI ) 1997 ( XXXII ) 1998 ( XXXIII ) 1999 ( XXXIV ) 2000 ( XXXV ) 2001 ( XXXVI ) 2002 ( XXXVII ) 2003 ( XXXVIII ) 2004 ( XXXIX ) 2005 ( XL ) 2006 ( XLI ) 2007 ( XLII ) 2008 ( XLIII ) 2009 ( XLIV ) 2010 ( XLV ) 2011 ( XLVI ) 2012 ( XLVII ) 2013 ( XLVIII ) 2014 ( XLIX ) 2015 ( 50 ) 2016 ( LI ) 2017 ( LII ) 1921 APFA de facto championship game 1925 NFL Championship controversy 1932 NFL Playoff Game NFL Championship broadcasters AFL Championship broadcasters Super Bowl champions Super Bowl Most Valuable Players Super Bowl records Super Bowl broadcasters Super Bowl officials Super Bowl halftime Super Bowl commercials Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions NFL playoffs ( Results ) AFL playoffs 1 -- From 1966 to 1969 , the first four Super Bowls were `` World Championship '' games played between two independent professional football leagues , AFL and NFL , and when the league merged in 1970 the Super Bowl became the NFL Championship Game . 2 -- Dates in the list denote the season , not the calendar year in which the championship game was played . For instance , Super Bowl XLI was played in 2007 , but was the championship for the 2006 season . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where is the super bowl held this year | ['Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13]\n'] | ['U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota'] | Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13]
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[question]: What was the final score of Super Bowl LII?
[answer]: The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | What was the final score of Super Bowl LII? | The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | 1 | 7.389595 | 18 | 117 | 1 |
15,893 | -6,958,967,624,268,174,000 | Super Bowl LII | Super Bowl LII - wikipedia Super Bowl LII Jump to : navigation , search Super Bowl LII Philadelphia Eagles ( NFC ) New England Patriots ( AFC ) 41 33 Total PHI 9 13 7 12 41 NE 9 14 7 33 Date February 4 , 2018 Stadium U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota MVP Nick Foles , Quarterback Favorite Patriots by 5.5 Referee Gene Steratore Attendance 67,612 Ceremonies National anthem Pink Coin toss Hershel W. Williams , representing Medal of Honor recipients Halftime show Justin Timberlake TV in the United States Network NBC Universo ( Spanish language ) Announcers Al Michaels ( play - by - play ) Cris Collinsworth ( analyst ) Michele Tafoya ( sideline reporter ) Edgar López ( play - by - play - Universo ) René Giraldo and Rolando Cantú ( analysts - Universo ) Verónica Contreras ( sidelines - Universo ) Nielsen ratings 43.1 ( national ) 56.2 ( Philadelphia ) 55.9 ( Boston ) U.S. viewership : 103.4 million est . avg . Market share 68 ( national ) Cost of 30 - second commercial $5 million Radio in the United States Network Westwood One ESPN Deportes Radio ( Spanish language ) Announcers Kevin Harlan ( play - by - play ) Boomer Esiason and Mike Holmgren ( analysts ) Ed Werder and Tony Boselli ( sideline reporters ) Álvaro Martín ( play - by - play - ESPN Deportes Radio ) Raúl Allegre ( analyst - ESPN Deportes Radio ) John Sutcliffe ( sideline - ESPN Deportes Radio ) ← LI Super Bowl LIII → Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League ( NFL ) for the 2017 season . The National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference ( AFC ) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots , 41 -- 33 , to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960 . The game was played on February 4 , 2018 , at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis , the northernmost city to ever host the event , after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season , and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold - weather city . New England finished the regular season with an AFC - best 13 -- 3 record , then extended their record Super Bowl appearances to ten , their third in four years , and their eighth under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady . Philadelphia also finished the regular season with an NFC - best 13 -- 3 record , a year after Dallas did it in 2016 , but became underdogs entering the playoffs after starting quarterback Carson Wentz suffered a season - ending injury late in the regular season and was replaced by journeyman backup Nick Foles . Still , the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl appearance , having previously lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV and to the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX . Several records were set during Super Bowl LII , including most yards gained in an NFL game by both teams combined ( 1,151 ) , the fewest punts from both teams in a Super Bowl ( one ) , and the most points scored by a Super Bowl losing team ( 33 ) . The game was settled after the Eagles converted a fumble recovery deep within Patriots territory to a field goal with 1 : 05 remaining to extend their lead to eight points , and Brady 's Hail Mary pass fell incomplete as time expired . Foles , who completed 28 of 43 pass attempts for 373 yards and three touchdowns with one interception , and caught a one - yard touchdown pass , was named Super Bowl MVP . Foles ' touchdown catch later became known as The Philly Special and joined NFL lore . The broadcast of the game on NBC had the smallest Super Bowl audience in nine years , with an average of 103.4 million viewers . Average TV viewership for the halftime show , headlined by Justin Timberlake , was 106.6 million American television viewers , 9 percent less than the previous year . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Host - city selection 1.2 Teams 1.2. 1 Philadelphia Eagles 1.2. 2 New England Patriots 1.3 Playoffs 1.4 Pre-game notes 1.4. 1 Operations 1.4. 2 Associated events 2 Broadcasting 2.1 United States 2.1. 1 Advertising 2.1. 2 Lead - out programs 2.2 International broadcasts 3 Entertainment 3.1 Pre-game 3.2 Halftime show 4 Game summary 4.1 First Quarter 4.2 Second Quarter 4.3 Third Quarter 4.4 Fourth Quarter 4.5 Game statistics 4.6 Box score 5 Final statistics 5.1 Statistical comparison 5.2 Individual statistics 6 Starting lineups 7 Officials 8 References 9 External links Background ( edit ) Host - city selection ( edit ) The U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota , where Super Bowl LII was held . On October 8 , 2013 , the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII : U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Minneapolis hosted Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome , which was torn down after the 2013 season and replaced in 2014 and 2015 by U.S. Bank Stadium . Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , Indiana . The stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVI in 2012 . Mercedes - Benz Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The city has hosted 10 Super Bowls , including seven at the Superdome , most recently Super Bowl XLVII in 2013 . On May 20 , 2014 , the league 's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta , Georgia . Teams ( edit ) The NFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles , while the AFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed New England Patriots , marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference . Philadelphia Eagles ( edit ) Main article : 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Nick Foles in 2014 . The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , the same as New England , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh , but the various tie - breaking provisions gave them the NFC 's top seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . It was a substantial improvement for the team under second - year head coach Doug Pederson ; the Eagles finished the two previous seasons with 7 -- 9 records . In the 2017 season , the team scored 457 points ( third in the NFL ) , while giving up just 295 ( fourth ) points . The offense was led by Pro Bowl quarterback Carson Wentz . In just his second season , he recorded a passer rating of 101.9 , throwing for 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns , with only seven interceptions . His top target was Pro Bowl tight end Zach Ertz , who caught 74 passes for 824 yards and eight touchdowns . Other contributors were two receivers acquired from off - season free agency : Alshon Jeffery , who caught 57 passes for 789 yards and nine scores ; and Torrey Smith , who had 36 receptions for 430 yards . Meanwhile , third - year receiver Nelson Agholor had the best season of his career , hauling in 62 passes for 768 yards and eight touchdowns , a higher total in each category than in his previous two seasons combined . The Eagles rushing attack also benefited from two recently acquired players , LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi . Blount , an off - season signing who won a Super Bowl with the Patriots , gained 776 rushing yards and two touchdowns , while Ajayi , picked up by a mid-season trade with the Miami Dolphins , rushed for 873 yards and caught 24 passes for 154 yards combined with the two teams . Philadelphia also had a superb offensive line , lead by two Pro Bowl selections : Tackle Lane Johnson and Guard Brandon Brooks . The Eagles defense allowed the fourth - fewest yards in the league ( 4,904 ) . Defensive tackle Fletcher Cox made the Pro Bowl for the third time in his career , recording 5 ⁄ sacks and two fumble recoveries , and he had plenty of help around him , such as former Patriots defensive end Chris Long , who had five sacks and forced four fumbles , and defensive end Brandon Graham , who led the team with 9 ⁄ sacks . Middle linebacker Nigel Bradham led the team in combined tackles with 88 . The Eagles secondary featured Pro Bowl safety Malcolm Jenkins , who had 76 combined tackles and two interceptions , along with cornerback Patrick Robinson , who led the team with four interceptions . Philadelphia had stormed to the top of the NFC by winning 10 of their first 12 games , but suffered a major setback on December 10 , when Wentz went down with a season - ending ACL tear and was replaced by journeyman backup quarterback Nick Foles , who was playing for his third team in as many years and his second stint with the Eagles . Still , Foles was able to lead the team to victory in that game , as well as the next two . The Eagles lost a meaningless week 17 matchup with the Cowboys led by third - string quarterback Nate Sudfeld . Then in their two playoff games , Foles threw for a combined total of 598 yards , three touchdowns and no interceptions . New England Patriots ( edit ) Main article : 2017 New England Patriots season Tom Brady in 2016 . The Patriots entered the 2017 NFL season as defending Super Bowl champions . For the 16th time in their 18 seasons under 65 - year old coach Bill Belichick , they recorded a double - digit win season , finishing the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , one of four teams ( along with Philadelphia , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh ) with that record . By virtue of the tie - breaking procedures , they were granted the AFC 's number one overall seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . The previous season 's top wide receiver Julian Edelman went down in the preseason with a season - ending injury . Early season defensive struggles left the team with a 2 -- 2 record after four weeks , and the worst overall defense in the league at that point . The defense came together as a unit , and tighten up over the rest of the season however , with the Patriots going 11 -- 1 after week 4 . Their sole loss in the latter part of the season came in Week 14 to the Miami Dolphins , a division rival , though they were without star tight end Rob Gronkowski due to a one - game suspension for an unnecessary roughness call the prior week . The Patriots ' defense was improved by several late - season free - agent signings , including Eric Lee , a defensive end , previously from the Buffalo Bills , whom the Patriots signed in Week 12 , and James Harrison , a perennial All - Pro for the Pittsburgh Steelers , whom the Patriots picked up off waivers after Christmas . In just six games for New England , Lee recorded 3 ⁄ sacks , a safety , and an interception . In his only regular season game with the Patriots , Harrison recorded two sacks . During the regular season , New England 's offense led the league in yards gained ( 6,307 ) and ranked second in points scored ( 458 ) . The 40 - year - old Brady finished his 18th season with a league - leading 4,577 passing yards , 32 touchdowns and just eight interceptions , earning him his 13th selection to the Pro Bowl and his third league MVP award . One change that helped make up for the loss of Edelman was the acquisition of receiver Brandin Cooks , who caught 65 passes for 1,082 yards and seven touchdowns . Brady was also aided by the healthy return of Gronkowski , who had played just eight games in the previous season , finishing this year with 69 catches for 1,084 yards and eight scores . Receiver Danny Amendola added 61 receptions for 659 yards , as well as another 240 yards returning punts . With the loss of their previous season 's rushing leader LeGarrette Blount to free agency , Dion Lewis stepped up to take the lead , rushing for 896 yards and six touchdowns despite starting only eight games . He also caught 32 passes for 214 yards and two touchdowns and added 570 yards and another touchdown returning kickoffs . Rex Burkhead chipped in 518 all - purpose yards , 30 receptions , and eight touchdowns . In passing situations , the team relied heavily on running back James White , who caught 56 passes for 429 yards and rushed for 171 on the ground . These backs were aided by the blocking of fullback James Develin , who earned his first Pro Bowl selection . On special teams , kicker Stephen Gostkowski ranked second in the NFL with 156 points and fourth in field goals made with 37 , while veteran special team ace Matthew Slater earned his seventh consecutive Pro Bowl selection . The Patriots ' defense ranked only 29th in yards allowed ( 5,856 ) , but ranked fifth in fewest points , giving up only 296 . Defensive end Trey Flowers led the team with 6 ⁄ sacks while also forcing two fumbles . Linebacker Kyle Van Noy had 73 tackles and 5 ⁄ sacks . The Patriots also had a superb secondary , led by cornerbacks Malcolm Butler ( two interceptions , three forced fumbles ) and Stephon Gilmore ( two interceptions , 47 solo tackles ) , as well as safeties Devin McCourty ( 97 combined tackles , one interception , one fumble recovery ) , Patrick Chung ( 84 tackles , one interception , two fumble recoveries ) and Duron Harmon ( four interceptions ) . Playoffs ( edit ) Main article : 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs In the playoffs , the Patriots earned a first - round bye and home - field advantage due to their status as the AFC 's first overall seed . In the divisional round , they defeated the Tennessee Titans 35 -- 14 , as Brady passed for 337 yards and three touchdowns . In that game , the defense amassed eight quarterback sacks of Marcus Mariota and held the Titans ' running game to 65 yards rushing . They then defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 24 -- 20 in the AFC Championship Game , rallying from behind to win the game after the Jaguars jumped out to an early 14 -- 3 lead and whose league - best defense stymied Brady and the rest of the offense for most of the first half . Down 20 -- 10 in the fourth quarter , the Patriots comeback was sealed by two Brady - led drives , both resulting in touchdown passes to Danny Amendola , as well as a key defensive stop by Stephon Gilmore , whose acrobatic block of a Blake Bortles pass ended Jacksonville 's last chance to score . Rob Gronkowski was injured in the game with a concussion , leaving his status for the Super Bowl in doubt . Amendola was the breakout star for the Patriots during their two playoff wins , leading the team with 196 receiving yards , and serving as Brady 's primary target . Meanwhile , Philadelphia started off the divisional round by narrowly defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15 -- 10 , by stopping the Falcons on four consecutive plays after they had a first - down - and - goal situation on the Eagles 9 - yard line during their final drive . They then soundly defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38 -- 7 in the NFC Championship Game . Despite the Vikings scoring on their opening drive , the Eagles defense held them to three punts , two turnovers on downs , two interceptions , and one lost fumble in their remaining drives of the game . Meanwhile , Foles had a great game , in which he completed 26 of 33 passes for 353 yards and three touchdowns . Pre-game notes ( edit ) This game was a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX . Only one player , Patriots starting quarterback Tom Brady , remained on either roster from that contest . Bill Belichick , the Patriots ' head coach in that contest , also remained in that position . Two Eagles , running back LeGarrette Blount and defensive lineman Chris Long , had been Patriots in 2017 's Super Bowl LI . The Patriots were the designated home team for Super Bowl LII , because the AFC team is the designated home team in even - numbered years and the NFC team in odd - numbered years . As the designated home team , the Patriots chose to wear their road white jerseys with navy blue pants , becoming the sixth team to wear their white jerseys as the home team and the third team to wear white in back - to - back Super Bowls , following the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowls XII and XIII and again in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII . The Eagles therefore wore their standard home uniform of midnight green jerseys with white pants . Twelve of the previous 13 Super Bowls had been won by teams wearing white jerseys . The last team to win a Super Bowl while wearing their home uniforms was the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV ( who , coincidentally , had also worn green jerseys ) . Operations ( edit ) Security prescreening at the Mall of America before boarding the Metro Blue Line to U.S. Bank Stadium . To coordinate the game and 10 days of events , the National Football League temporarily operated an events office within the Minnesota Vikings office building next to U.S. Bank Stadium . More than 150,000 visitors were expected to attend events associated with the Super Bowl over ten days . Among them were some 5,000 - plus media members ; media day events and press conferences were held at The Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . No sales tax was collected on admission tickets to the game and related events , including parking . To increase security around U.S. Bank Stadium , the stadium 's light rail station was shut down for 48 hours before the game , and a nearby homeless shelter was temporarily moved beyond the security perimeter . The Blue Line of the light rail system was only open to ticketholders and passengers with a Gameday Pass , while the Green Line only ran to Stadium Village station on the University of Minnesota campus before continuing on with restricted access . Metro Transit ran shuttle buses between light rail stations , as well as regular bus service was moved for several weeks due to street closures . Thirty activist groups organized a rally and protest against police brutality , corporate greed , and racist practices . 17 people blocked the Green Line train for 90 minutes before the game , and 200 protesters blocked an entrance to the stadium 's security perimeter . Under a 1998 agreement , the Patriots and Eagles owners split the tickets , and the league controlled the game presentation and entertainment in the stadium . The Patriots practiced at the Minnesota Vikings facilities in Eden Prairie while the Eagles used the University of Minnesota . The Eagles got the Vikings ' locker room and sideline . The Vikings had advanced to the NFC Championship Game before losing to the Eagles ; until that point , the possibility of the Vikings advancing to the Super Bowl and thus becoming the first team to play the game in its home stadium was plausible . Had that happened , the Vikings would have used their own locker rooms and training facilities , while the AFC champion would have used the University of Minnesota . Associated events ( edit ) Nicollet Mall hosted the outdoor Super Bowl Live festival during the lead - up to the game . The Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee presented Super Bowl Live on Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis . This ten - day free festival and concert series featured Sheila E. , the Revolution , Morris Day and the Time , and the New Power Generation , musicians from Minnesota who collaborated with Prince , a Minneapolis native . Produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , Super Bowl Live also included performances by Idina Menzel , Soul Asylum , the Suburbs , Bob Mould , Sounds of Blackness , Dessa , VocalEssence , Mint Condition , and the Jets . In addition to the concert series , Super Bowl Live featured a 200 - foot ( 61 m ) American Birkebeiner International Bridge on Nicollet Mall to showcase cross-country skiing , skijoring , fat - tire bicycle racing , and snow tubing demonstrations . There was also a snowmobile stunt show on February 3 . The NFL presented the Super Bowl Experience at the Minneapolis Convention Center from January 27 to February 3 with an entrance fee . Kelly Clarkson performed at the Minneapolis Armory and a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl . The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez , Imagine Dragons , and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium . Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl . Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed `` listening session '' of his newest album at Prince 's Paisley Park . Dave Matthews Band performed at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul . The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community 's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani , the Chainsmokers , Florida Georgia Line , and Kygo . Planners originally scheduled a 64,000 - square - foot ( 5,900 m ) traveling nightclub for 9500 people , but cancelled , moving its concerts into the main casino . Ellie Goulding 's appearance with Kygo was cancelled at the same time . The Mystic Lake Casino in Prior Lake , Minnesota , has the second - largest hotel in the Twin Cities metropolitan area , and Prior Lake hosted Super Bowl - week events including winter activities , a hotdish competition , and fundraisers . Other events were held at the Mall of America ( including Radio Row as a home for national shows ) , Saint Paul 's RiverCentre and Xcel Energy Center , the Minnesota Vikings ' Winter Park location in Eden Prairie , and the University of Minnesota . `` Taste of the NFL '' is a fundraiser for food banks and was held in Saint Paul . Minneapolis also offered a temporary zip - line across the Mississippi River near downtown . The Luminary Loppet around Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis featured fire dancing , an ice pyramid , and luminary candles at night . The 2018 Saint Paul Winter Carnival took place leading up to , during and after the Super Bowl . Carnival organizers built a large ice palace to coincide with the Super Bowl festivities , as with Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 . The ice palace was planned , cancelled for lack of funds , then re-announced with sponsors . Events in Saint Paul also included an extreme sports demonstration , a `` giant slide '' , and a block party . Officials in the capital city hoped to attract Minneapolis Super Bowl visitors . The Minneapolis Institute of Art had a free 20 - by - 40 - foot ( 6.1 m × 12.2 m ) , 6 - foot - tall ( 1.8 m ) ice maze . The Great Northern was a winter festival in the Twin Cities from January 25 to February 4 that included the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships , an ice bar , and an `` urban ski competition '' . ESPN broadcast its studio programming from the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis , while Golf Channel ( a sister network of Super Bowl LII broadcaster NBC ) aired two live episodes of David Feherty 's eponymous series from the State Theatre . Native American communities of Minnesota performed nightly drum ceremonies . Various drumlines from around the state performed at different locations throughout the day . Broadcasting ( edit ) United States ( edit ) NBC broadcast Super Bowl LII , as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL . NBC 's lead NFL team of play - by - play man Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth called the game . Sister cable network Universo carried a full Spanish language broadcast produced by Telemundo Deportes , with Edgar Lopez and Rene Giraldo . The Universo Spanish audio was also available on NBC through the SAP channel , where available . NBC employed 73 cameras within the stadium , and introduced `` volumetric - AR '' graphics featuring 3D body scanning of players . This was the last game in Westwood One 's current national radio contract with the NFL . Each participating team 's flagship station ( the Patriots Radio Network 's WBZ - FM / Boston , and the Eagles Radio Network 's WIP - FM / Philadelphia , along with WEMG / Camden , New Jersey for Spanish play - by - play ) carried the game with local announcers . ( For the second consecutive year , none of the local flagships are clear - channel stations , and thus the local commentators were only audible for free within each respective team 's immediate metropolitan area ; listeners who live outside the flagship stations ' broadcast ranges were required to subscribe to Sirius XM Radio or TuneIn Premium to access the local broadcasts . ) Under the terms of the Westwood One contract , any radio station that is not a local flagship , if it is to carry the game , is required to utilize the Westwood One feed . It was the first title win called by Eagles play - by - play announcer Merrill Reese , who has been the primary radio voice of the team since 1977 . Online streams of the game were provided by NBC . It was available on NBCSports.com , the NBC Sports app for mobile devices , tablets , connected - TV devices , and NBC.com without any required login . The Spanish - language broadcast was available on the Telemundo Deportes En Vivo app and TelemundoDeportes.com for desktop devices , connected TV devices , and tablets but not mobile devices . Under new digital rights deals that began with the 2017 -- 18 playoffs , Verizon still offers mobile streaming of games , but no longer holds exclusive rights to stream NFL games on smartphones or make them exclusive to Verizon Wireless subscribers . Instead , Verizon elected to use the deal to bolster its recent acquisition of Yahoo ! ; on January 9 , 2018 , Verizon announced that it would host streams of playoff games through the Yahoo ! Sports and go90 app , including Super Bowl LII . As a result of the deal , the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time , regardless of network ( because of Verizon 's previous exclusive rights deal , non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts , regardless of source ) . The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers . Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC 's pre-game coverage . Mike Tirico , who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as NBC 's lead studio host for both the NFL and the Olympic Games , did not participate in coverage of Super Bowl LII due to his commitments to prepare for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea ( which opened on the Friday following the game ) . As NBC Sports Regional Networks operates regional sports networks in the markets of both teams which participated , the NBC Sports Boston and NBC Sports Philadelphia channels were used to provide additional coverage of the game from a local perspective . Both networks aired coverage from Minneapolis , including pre-game specials focusing on their respective team , followed by a joint broadcast immediately prior to the game . Nielsen reported a 47.4 / 70 % overnight rating in metered markets , peaking at 52.2 / 74 during the fourth quarter . These numbers are about 3 % lower than early numbers from Super Bowl LI , and the lowest since Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 . Advertising ( edit ) Dan Lovinger , NBC Sports Group executive vice president of ad sales , stated to Variety in July 2017 that the network was seeking a price `` north of $5 million '' ( the price set for the previous two Super Bowls ) for a 30 - second commercial during Super Bowl LII . As they began five days after the Super Bowl , NBC offered advertising packages that covered both Super Bowl LII and the 2018 Winter Olympics ( which marked the first time since 1992 that a single broadcast network had aired both the Super Bowl and Winter Olympics in the same year ) ; the network estimated that it would bring in at least $1 billion in advertising revenue from the two events . During the second quarter , an equipment failure caused NBC 's broadcast to experience dead air for 30 seconds during a commercial break . No actual commercial time was lost . Anheuser - Busch has , as it has done in previous Super Bowls , purchased multiple commercials in the game , advertising Bud Light , Stella Artois and Michelob Ultra . For the first time since Super Bowl VIII , the company reduced the appearances of the Budweiser Clydesdales in a Super Bowl commercial . However , a Clydesdale was featured in a commercial for Tide detergent and the Budweiser Clydesdales only appeared in a 5 - second Budweiser commercial to remind viewers of the `` ClydesdaleCam '' livestreaming event . Other signed advertisers included The Coca - Cola Company and Avocados from Mexico . Cellphone carrier T - Mobile aired a minute long ad with actress Kerry Washington narrating , featuring babies of various ethnic backgrounds . The commercial also features Nirvana 's song `` All Apologies '' played as a lullaby . In the ad , Washington talks about the babies being born with natural instincts of love and not racism calling them `` unstoppable '' and that they will demand fair and equal pay . T - Mobile CEO John Legere posted to his Twitter account afterwards saying , `` This year , we wanted to use our # SuperBowl airtime to share that @ TMobile believes we all started in the same place . We are more alike than different . And we are unstoppable . '' Fiat Chrysler subsidiary Ram Trucks was met with swift and harsh criticism for its use of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr 's sermon `` The Drum Major Instinct '' . Major news outlets and social media erupted in the controversy . Particularly disturbing to many viewers was the selective exploitation of King 's anti-consumerist , anti-advertising speech in an attempt to sell trucks . Lead - out programs ( edit ) NBC 's lead - out program was an episode of This Is Us , titled `` Super Bowl Sunday '' , alongside a special episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon from Minneapolis ' Orpheum Theatre , with halftime performer Justin Timberlake , Dwayne Johnson , Chris Stapleton and the cast of This Is Us as guests . In a surprise move , Netflix used its advertising time to announce it had acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox , the third film in the Cloverfield series , and would make it available immediately after the game , potentially undercutting viewership of the lucrative post-game slot on NBC . International broadcasts ( edit ) Rights holder ( s ) Australia The event aired live on the Seven Network and 7mate Brazil The Super Bowl was shown live by ESPN Brasil , with Paulo Antunes and Everaldo Marques as the announcers for the evening . It was also shown live on Cinemark , Cinépolis , Kinoplex and UCI movie theaters across the country . Canada Bell Canada holds broadcast rights for local stations in Canada and aired the game across its networks on CTV , CTV Two , RDS ( for French ) , TSN Radio and TSN2 ; TSN 's regional networks did not carry the game due to a schedule conflict with the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts , the national women 's curling championship . Bell reprised the previous year 's usage of a sweepstakes and entertainment features to retain Canadian audiences . On RDS , the announcer was David Arsenault with Pierre Vercheval as analyst and Didier Orméjuste on the sidelines . France beIn Sports2 and W9 broadcast the event . Germany ProSieben broadcast the Super Bowl for the first time , after it had previously been on sister channel Sat. 1 since Super Bowl XLVI . It was shown for no additional cost in standard - definition and on ProSieben HD in high - definition on HD+ as well as multiple cable and IPTV providers . It was also available on internet streaming service DAZN for no cost in addition to the regular subscription fee . Philippines The 5 Network broadcast the event in the Philippines . United Kingdom As per recent years , Super Bowl LII aired live on BBC One for no additional cost over the license fee . It was also available on Sky Sports with a subscription , through a Now TV Sports Pass , or as part of the NFL Gamepass Playoffs package . In a change to tradition , the BBC chose to use NBC 's feed instead of the NFL Films and NFL Network produced World Feed . U.S. military bases American Forces Network carried the Super Bowl live to members of the United States Armed Forces in Eurasia . Entertainment ( edit ) Pre-game ( edit ) The inside of the stadium on game day . Pink performed `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' , while Leslie Odom Jr. sang `` America the Beautiful '' . Pink spit out a throat lozenge shortly before singing the anthem , later verified after many commentators thought she had spit out a piece of gum . She reported being ill with flu symptoms during her performance . No players were observed kneeling during the national anthem , in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons . Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony . World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin . Halftime show ( edit ) Main article : Super Bowl LII halftime show Justin Timberlake performs on piano alongside projected archive footage of Prince during the Super Bowl LII halftime show . Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show , along with his band `` The Tennessee Kids '' and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band . Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls : Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC , and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004 with Janet Jackson . Timberlake 's performance drew criticism for not being `` spectacular '' , looking to be safe and avoid incidents such as the infamous `` wardrobe malfunction '' encountered during his performance with Jackson , and for incorporating a video of Prince , who opposed performances combining the dead and the living . Game Summary ( edit ) First quarter ( edit ) A Philadelphia Eagles handoff during the first quarter . The New England Patriots won the opening coin toss and elected to defer to the second half . The Patriots kicked off to the Eagles , who opened the game with a 14 - play , 67 - yard drive that took 7 : 05 off the clock and resulted in a 25 - yard Jake Elliott field goal , giving the Eagles a 3 -- 0 lead . The drive was controlled by the arm of Eagles quarterback Nick Foles , who completed 6 of 9 passes to five different receivers for 61 yards , with a few short runs by LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi mixed in . Foles also made two critical completions on third down plays , hitting Alshon Jeffery for a 17 - yard gain on third - and - 4 , and later found Torrey Smith for a 15 - yard completion on third - and - 12 . The Patriots responded with a drive of their own , almost with the exact same results ; quarterback Tom Brady completed 6 of 8 passes for 60 yards to four different receivers , the longest a 28 - yard strike to Chris Hogan . The drive stalled out on the Eagles 8 - yard line , where they had to settle for Stephen Gostkowski 's 26 - yard field goal , which tied the game at 3 -- 3 . The game 's first touchdown was scored by the Eagles on the next drive , taking only three plays : a short pass from Foles to Nelson Agholor , a 36 - yard run up the middle by Blount , and a 34 - yard touchdown pass from Foles to Jeffery to the left side of the field . The ensuing extra point attempt from Elliott was missed wide right , which made the score 9 -- 3 in favor of the Eagles . The Patriots responded by advancing the ball to the Philadelphia 11 - yard line on their next drive , which was set up by a 50 - yard completion from Brady to Danny Amendola , where the quarter ended . Second quarter ( edit ) With the second quarter under way , the Patriots came away empty - handed on the drive , as Gostkowski missed a 26 - yard field goal attempt after holder Ryan Allen mishandled the snap . New England 's defense forced the game 's only punt on the next drive . On the following drive , Brady completed a 23 - yard pass to Brandin Cooks , but a hard hit by defender Malcolm Jenkins knocked the receiver out of the game with a concussion . On third down from near mid-field , the Patriots attempted a trick play that involved two handoffs and a pass downfield to Tom Brady . Brady was open , but dropped the throw from Amendola . They went for it on fourth down , and a pass intended for tight end Rob Gronkowski fell incomplete , giving the Eagles the ball on their own 35 - yard line on a turnover - on - downs . The Eagles capitalized on a drive featuring two key completions , a 19 - yard catch by Zach Ertz on third - and - 7 , and a 22 - yard reception by Jeffery on the Patriots 21 - yard line . On the next play , a 21 - yard rumble by Blount gave the Eagles another touchdown . They attempted a two - point conversion , which failed and brought the score to 15 -- 3 . The Patriots quickly struck back , as Brady completed a 46 - yard pass to Rex Burkhead on the first play after the kickoff . But the team could only gain two more yards , resulting in Gostkowski 's 45 - yard field goal that got the score to 15 -- 6 . The Eagles got the ball back with 7 : 24 on the clock and looked poised to score another touchdown , when a 26 - yard run by Ajayi gave them a first down on the Patriots 43 - yard line . But on the next play , Foles threw a pass that bounced off Jeffery as he tried to make a one - handed catch , and went into the hands of Patriots safety Duron Harmon for an interception , which he returned eight yards to the 10 - yard line . The Patriots took advantage of the turnover with a seven - play , 90 - yard drive , featuring a 43 - yard completion from Brady to Hogan . On the next play , James White scored with a 26 - yard touchdown run . Gostkowski missed the ensuing extra point , but the score was now 15 -- 12 . Eagles running back Kenjon Barner returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to his own 30 - yard line as time ran down to the two - minute warning . Two plays later , on third down - and - 3 , Foles completed a short pass to running back Corey Clement , who took off for a 55 - yard gain to the New England 8 - yard line . Clement then ran the ball six yards to the two - yard line on the next play . Two plays later , Philadelphia faced fourth - and - goal on the 1 - yard line with 38 seconds left on the clock . Deciding to go for the touchdown , they attempted a similar trick play to the one that had failed for the Patriots earlier . As Foles stepped up to the running back position , Clement took a direct snap and pitched the ball to tight end Trey Burton , who then threw the ball perfectly to Foles , who was wide open in the right side of the end zone . Foles caught the football , making him the first quarterback ever to catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl , and the ensuing extra point was good , giving the Eagles a 22 -- 12 lead , which was taken into the locker room following a short drive by the Patriots . The first half resulted in numerous Super Bowl records from both teams , including most total yards combined ( 673 ) . This was also the first time two quarterbacks had thrown for over 200 yards in the first half of a Super Bowl , with Brady throwing for 276 yards and Foles throwing for 215 yards . Third quarter ( edit ) The Patriots received the second - half kickoff and Brady led New England 75 yards in eight plays . Gronkowski , who only caught one pass for nine yards in the first half , caught five passes for 68 yards on the drive , the last a 5 - yard touchdown reception to make the score 22 -- 19 . The Eagles responded by moving the ball 85 yards in 11 plays on a drive that consumed less than five minutes and featured three critical third down conversions by Foles . The first was a 17 - yard pass to Agholor on third - and - 6 from the Eagles 19 - yard line . Later in the drive , he threw a 14 - yard completion to Ertz on third - and - 1 from the New England 40 - yard line . Finally , he finished the possession with a 22 - yard touchdown pass to Clement on third - and - 6 . The touchdown was held up by a replay review , but replay officials confirmed that Clement kept both feet inbounds and controlled the ball . An Elliott extra point brought the score to 29 -- 19 in favor of the Eagles . Brady responded with a 10 - play , 75 - yard drive , completing all three of his passes for 61 yards , the last one a 26 - yard touchdown pass to Hogan that brought the score to 29 -- 26 . The Eagles followed with an 8 - play , 51 - yard drive featuring a 24 - yard completion from Foles to Agholor on the first play . By the end of the third quarter , the team had made it to the New England 16 - yard line . Fourth quarter ( edit ) The Eagles opened the fourth quarter scoring with a Jake Elliott field goal to bring the score to 32 -- 26 . However , Brady came back with another 75 - yard drive featuring a 30 - yard reception by Amendola and ending with a four - yard pass to Gronkowski , his second touchdown of the game , giving the Patriots their first lead of the game with the score at 33 -- 32 . On their next drive , the Eagles faced third - and - 6 after two plays , but were able to keep the ball with a 7 - yard catch by Ertz . Eventually , they faced a fourth - and - 1 on their own 45 - yard line with 5 : 39 left in the game . Deciding to go for the conversion rather than punt , Foles completed a 2 - yard pass to Ertz that kept the drive alive . Then after a 1 - yard Blount run , he picked up three consecutive first downs with three passes to Agholor for gains of 10 , 18 , and 10 yards , respectively , moving the ball to the New England 14 - yard line . Following a 3 - yard run by Ajayi , Foles threw a 9 - yard touchdown pass to Ertz with 2 : 21 remaining in the game . The play was held up on review , as Ertz lost the ball after touching the ground in the end zone ; it was however determined that he established himself as a runner and also maintained control of the ball as he broke the plane of the goal line . However , a failed two - point conversion left the Eagles with a 38 -- 33 lead . On the Patriots ' next drive , Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham stripped the ball from Brady on the drive 's second play for the only sack of the game for either team . Defensive end Derek Barnett of the Eagles recovered the ball , allowing the Eagles to run the clock down to 1 : 05 and forcing New England to use up all their remaining timeouts . Elliott then kicked a 46 - yard field goal , putting Philadelphia ahead by eight points , with the score at 41 -- 33 , and New England needing a touchdown and a two - point conversion to tie the game and send it into overtime . After nine plays ( one of them a 13 - yard catch by Amendola on fourth - and - 10 ) , Brady reached the 49 - yard line , and with only nine seconds remaining , he threw a Hail Mary pass to the end zone , to no avail as time expired . The Eagles had won their first Vince Lombardi Trophy in franchise history , and their first league championship since 1960 , ending what was the third - longest active championship drought in the NFL at 57 years . Game Statistics ( edit ) The trophy presentation after the game . The combined 74 points scored by both teams was one point shy of the Super Bowl record of 75 , set in Super Bowl XXIX in 1995 ; it and this game marked only the second time in the game 's history where the two teams combined for 70 + points . The game also set a record for most yardage by both teams ( combined ) with 1,151 yards , the most for any single game , regular season or postseason . The game had many other Super Bowl records set as well , including fewest punts from both teams ( one ) , most yards gained by a team ( 613 for New England ) and most points scored by a losing team ( 33 ) . Foles completed 28 - of - 43 passes for 373 yards and three touchdowns , with one interception , and caught a touchdown pass . Clement , who caught only 10 passes for 123 yards and two touchdowns during the season , was the Eagles leading receiver with four receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown , while also rushing for eight yards . Agholor had nine receptions for 84 yards . Blount was the game 's top rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown . Brady completed 28 - of - 48 passes for 505 yards and three touchdowns , breaking the record for most passing yards in a Super Bowl that he had set in the previous season . Amendola was his top target with eight receptions for 152 yards , while Hogan had six for 128 yards and a touchdown and Gronkowski caught nine passes for 116 yards and two scores . Box score ( edit ) Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots -- Game summary Total Eagles ( NFC ) 9 13 7 12 41 Patriots ( AFC ) 9 14 7 33 at U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota Date : February 4 , 2018 Game time : 5 : 31 p.m. CST Game weather : Played indoors ( domed stadium ) Game attendance : 67,612 Referee : Gene Steratore TV announcers ( NBC ) : Al Michaels , Cris Collinsworth , Michele Tafoya Recap , Game Book ( hide ) Scoring summary Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score Plays Yards TOP PHI NE 7 : 55 14 67 7 : 05 PHI 25 - yard field goal by Elliott 0 4 : 17 9 67 3 : 38 NE 26 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 2 : 34 77 1 : 43 PHI Jeffery 34 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick no good ( wide right ) 9 8 : 48 6 65 3 : 05 PHI Blount 21 - yard touchdown run , 2 - point pass no good 15 7 : 24 5 48 1 : 24 NE 45 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 15 6 2 : 04 7 90 2 : 57 NE White 26 - yard touchdown run , Gostkowski kick no good ( wide left ) 15 12 0 : 34 7 70 1 : 30 PHI Foles 1 - yard touchdown reception from Burton , Elliott kick good 22 12 12 : 15 8 75 2 : 45 NE Gronkowski 5 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 22 19 7 : 18 11 85 4 : 57 PHI Clement 22 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick good 29 19 3 : 23 7 75 3 : 55 NE Hogan 26 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 29 26 14 : 09 8 51 4 : 14 PHI 42 - yard field goal by Elliott 32 26 9 : 22 10 75 4 : 47 NE Gronkowski 4 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 32 33 2 : 21 14 75 7 : 01 PHI Ertz 11 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , 2 - point pass no good 38 33 1 : 05 1 : 04 PHI 46 - yard field goal by Elliott 41 33 `` TOP '' = time of possession . For other American football terms , see Glossary of American football . 41 33 Final Statistics ( edit ) Statistical comparison ( edit ) Statistic Philadelphia Eagles New England Patriots First downs 25 29 First downs rushing 6 First downs passing 19 23 First downs penalty 0 Third down efficiency 10 / 16 5 / 10 Fourth down efficiency 2 / 2 1 / 2 Total net yards 538 613 Net yards rushing 164 113 Rushing attempts 27 22 Yards per rush 6.1 5.1 Net yards passing 374 500 Passing -- completions / attempts 29 / 44 28 / 49 Times sacked -- total yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 5 Interceptions thrown 0 Punt returns -- total yards 0 -- 0 0 -- 0 Kickoff returns -- total yards 4 -- 98 3 -- 44 Interceptions -- total return yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 8 Punts -- average yardage 1 -- 41 0 -- 0 Fumbles -- lost 0 -- 0 1 -- 1 Penalties -- yards 6 -- 35 1 -- 5 Time of possession 34 : 04 25 : 56 Turnovers The lone Eagles punt was received with a fair catch . Records set ( Unless otherwise noted , all records were only Super Bowl records ) Most yards allowed 613 Philadelphia Eagles Most yards allowed in a win 613 Most Super Bowl appearances , as team 10 New England Patriots Most points scored in a Super Bowl , losing team 33 Most total yards , team ( game ) 613 Most passing yards , team ( postseason game ) 500 Fewest punts , team ( game ) 0 Most players , 100 or more receiving yards ( Amendola 152 , Hogan 128 , Gronkowski 116 ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as player 8 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as starting player 8 Most pass attempts , player ( career ) 357 Most pass completions , player ( career ) 235 Most passing yards , player ( any postseason game ) 505 Most passing yards , player ( career ) 2,576 Most touchdown passes , player ( career ) 18 Oldest quarterback , as player 40 years 185 days Oldest quarterback , as starting player 40 years 185 days Most Super Bowl appearances , as head coach 8 Bill Belichick ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as coach 11 Most Super Bowl appearances , in any capacity 11 Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( game ) Nick Foles ( Philadelphia ) Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( career ) Most Super Bowl games with TD pass and TD reception Longest field goal kicked by a rookie 46 yards Jake Elliott ( Philadelphia ) Most receiving yards , game , tight end 116 Rob Gronkowski ( New England ) Most total yards , both teams ( any NFL game ) 1,151 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs passing , both teams ( game ) 42 Most passing yards , both teams ( any postseason game ) 874 Most missed PAT attempts , both teams ( game ) Fewest punts , both teams ( game ) Records tied Fewest times sacked , as team ( game ) 0 Philadelphia Eagles Fewest fumbles , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest fumbles lost , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most missed PAT attempts , as team ( game ) Most Super Bowl losses , as team 5 New England Patriots Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most Super Bowl appearances , as kicker 5 Stephen Gostkowski ( New England ) Most pass attempts with no interceptions ( game ) 48 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most field goals , both teams ( game ) 5 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs , both teams ( game ) 54 Most pass attempts , both teams ( game ) 93 Most touchdown passes , both teams ( game ) 7 Fewest times sacked , both teams ( game ) Fewest punt returns , both teams ( game ) 0 Fewest punt return yards , both teams ( game ) 0 Individual statistics ( edit ) Eagles passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Nick Foles 28 / 43 373 Trey Burton 1 / 1 0 Eagles rushing Car Yds TD LG LeGarrette Blount 14 90 36 Jay Ajayi 9 57 0 26 Nelson Agholor 9 0 9 Corey Clement 8 0 6 Eagles receiving Rec Yds TD LG Nelson Agholor 9 84 0 24 Zach Ertz 7 67 19 Torrey Smith 5 49 0 17 Corey Clement 100 55 Alshon Jeffery 73 34 Nick Foles Trey Burton 0 0 0 0 Patriots passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Tom Brady 28 / 48 505 0 Danny Amendola 0 / 1 0 0 0 Patriots rushing Car Yds TD LG James White 7 45 26 Dion Lewis 9 39 0 8 Rex Burkhead 18 0 9 Tom Brady 6 0 6 Chris Hogan 0 Brandin Cooks 0 Patriots receiving Rec Yds TD LG Rob Gronkowski 9 116 25 Danny Amendola 8 152 0 50 Chris Hogan 6 128 43 James White 21 0 15 Rex Burkhead 46 0 46 Brandin Cooks 23 0 23 Phillip Dorsett 19 0 19 Tom Brady 0 0 0 0 James Develin 0 0 0 0 Completions / attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Starting lineups ( edit ) Source : Philadelphia Position Position New England Offense Alshon Jeffery WR Brandin Cooks Halapoulivaati Vaitai LT Nate Solder Stefen Wisniewski LG Joe Thuney Jason Kelce David Andrews Brandon Brooks RG Shaq Mason Lane Johnson RT Cameron Fleming Zach Ertz TE Rob Gronkowski Nelson Agholor WR Chris Hogan Nick Foles QB Tom Brady LeGarrette Blount RB Dion Lewis Torrey Smith WR FB James Develin Defense Vinny Curry DE LE Trey Flowers Timmy Jernigan DT Lawrence Guy Fletcher Cox DT Malcom Brown Brandon Graham DE LB James Harrison Mychal Kendricks OLB LB Kyle Van Noy Nigel Bradham OLB LB Elandon Roberts Jalen Mills CB RCB Stephon Gilmore Ronald Darby CB LCB Eric Rowe Corey Graham Patrick Chung Rodney McLeod Devin McCourty Malcolm Jenkins Duron Harmon Officials ( edit ) Super Bowl LII had eight officials . The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers . Referee : Gene Steratore ( 114 ) Umpire : Roy Ellison ( 81 ) Down judge : Jerry Bergman ( 91 ) Line judge : Byron Boston ( 18 ) Field judge : Tom Hill ( 97 ) Side judge : Scott Edwards ( 3 ) Back judge : Perry Paganelli ( 46 ) Replay official : Paul Weidner This was Steratore 's first Super Bowl as a referee , though he had been previously selected as an alternate for Super Bowl XLIV . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brinson , Will ( January 21 , 2018 ) . `` 2018 Super Bowl odds , line : Eagles are big underdogs again , this time against Patriots '' . cbssports.com . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Officials Named '' ( Press release ) . National Football League . January 17 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . 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Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( December 18 , 2017 ) . `` Kelly Clarkson to headline game - day parties for Super Bowl LII ticket holders '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Norfleet , Nicole ( July 28 , 2017 ) . `` Remodeled Minneapolis Armory to host days - long entertainment during Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 31 , 2017 . Retrieved August 31 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Raihala , Ross ( November 27 , 2017 ) . `` Jennifer Lopez , the Chainsmokers to play local concerts during Super Bowl '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on December 8 , 2017 . Retrieved December 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( December 13 , 2017 ) . `` Imagine Dragons to play Armory during Super Bowl week '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 14 , 2017 . Retrieved December 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( December 15 , 2017 ) . `` Pink added to Super Bowl concert lineup at Armory '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 15 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( January 13 , 2018 ) . `` Justin Timberlake to party at Prince 's Paisley Park during Super Bowl week '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Sawyer , Liz ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` Mystic Lake helps tout Prior Lake as suburban epicenter for Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Riemenschneider , Chris ; Olson , Rochelle ( January 12 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Club Nomadic canceled at Mystic Lake , concerts move to much smaller venues '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2018 . Retrieved January 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( September 19 , 2017 ) . `` Massive traveling nightclub with expected big acts coming to Mystic Lake for Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on September 19 , 2017 . Retrieved September 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris ( January 17 , 2018 ) . `` Mystic Lake slashes prices , loses one act in Super Bowl concert mix '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ December 15 , 2017 . `` There 's still time to get paid to work the Super Bowl '' . KARE . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Rogers , Andy ( December 14 , 2017 ) . `` Suburbs ready for NFL weekend '' . Sun ThisWeek . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Olivia ( November 20 , 2017 ) . `` Fans can watch Super Bowl players , coach , national media at St. Paul pregame party '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on November 20 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( November 8 , 2017 ) . `` For Super Bowl , Minneapolis can expect rooftop snipers , restricted access and lots of security '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 8 , 2017 . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( August 30 , 2017 ) . `` Super Bowl tickets available Friday -- for Taste of the NFL event '' . Archived from the original on September 29 , 2017 . Retrieved September 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Zipline across the Mississippi River during Super Bowl festival '' . Fox9.com . Fox Television Stations . December 14 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( August 8 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul Winter Carnival considering an ice palace for 2018 at the State Capitol '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 8 , 2017 . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Walsh , James ( December 21 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul Winter Carnival plans to build ice castle after all '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Retrieved December 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Melo , Frederick ( May 24 , 2014 ) . `` St. Paul hopes to cash in on Super Bowl with palace - sized plans '' . Twin Cities Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2016 . Retrieved February 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ McCardle , Ellery ( February 6 , 2017 ) . `` SB52 : Ice palace returning to St. Paul 's Winter Carnival '' . KARE . Retrieved February 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Olivia ; Woltman , Nick ( October 11 , 2017 ) . `` Haunted by 1992 , St. Paul Winter Carnival cancels Super Bowl ice palace '' . St. Paul Pioneer Press . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2017 . Retrieved October 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Van Berkel , Jessie ( August 23 , 2017 ) . `` St. Paul has big plans to capitalize on Super Bowl tourism '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on August 24 , 2017 . Retrieved August 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Ice Maze Coming To South Minneapolis Ahead Of Super Bowl '' . CBS Minnesota . CBS Corporation . January 2 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Your Definitive Guide To Super Bowl LII '' . Forbes Travel Guide . January 12 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 20 , 2018 . Retrieved January 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Olson , Rochelle ( November 7 , 2017 ) . `` ESPN chooses IDS Crystal Court for Super Bowl week set '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` David Feherty Hosting Back - to - Back Nights of `` Feherty Live '' in Minneapolis During Week of Super Bowl `` . Golf Channel . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2018 . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Phoenix Drumline to Perform Saturday at Super Bowl Live ! '' . Jump up ^ `` Drumline helps kick off Super Bowl Live event '' . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Spain , Kevin ( May 9 , 2017 ) . `` NBC looking to sell Super Bowl , Olympics ad combos '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on December 1 , 2017 . Retrieved November 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NBC SPORTS ANNOUNCES SUPER BOWL LII ON - AIR TEAM FOR PATRIOTS - EAGLES -- NETWORK 'S 19TH SUPER BOWL BROADCAST '' ( Press release ) . NBC Sports Group . January 22 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2018 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` TELEMUNDO DEPORTES & UNIVERSO TO ONCE AGAIN PRESENT LIVE , EXCLUSIVE SPANISH - LANGUAGE NFL GAMES THIS SEASON -- INCLUDING SUPER BOWL LII '' ( Press release ) . NBC Sports Group . September 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on January 26 , 2018 . Retrieved January 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC Sports Embarks on Largest - Scale Live Game Production in History '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC To Debut Virtual 3D Graphics Tech Incorporating Player Body Scans '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` NFL and Dial Global Agree on New Multi-Year Extension '' . Dial Global Sports . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2013 . Retrieved November 15 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Clapp , Matt ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Here 's the Philadelphia Eagles ' radio call of the final play to win Super Bowl LII '' . AwfulAnnouncing.com . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Desk , TV News . `` Spanish - Language Live Super Bowl Telecast Will Be Presented by Telemundo Deportes and Universo '' . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Castillo , Michelle ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Yahoo Sports will start streaming NFL playoff games this weekend , says Oath CEO Tim Armstrong '' . CNBC . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2018 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rovell , Darren ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` Verizon , NFL agree to new 5 - year deal worth nearly $2.5 billion '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on December 12 , 2017 . Retrieved December 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vincent , James ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` NFL games will start streaming on all mobile carriers in January -- not just Verizon '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Bob Costas wo n't work Super Bowl for NBC , even though he 's also not working the Olympics '' . AwfulAnnouncing.com . January 22 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Why NBC 's Mike Tirico will be skipping the Super Bowl in Minneapolis '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dachman , Jason . `` Live From Super Bowl LII : NBC Sports Regional Networks Are All About Synergy in Minneapolis '' . Sports Video Group . Retrieved 2018 - 03 - 26 . Jump up ^ Patton , Dominic ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Ratings Slip To 8 - Year Low As Eagles Score Historic Win '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( July 7 , 2017 ) . `` Madison Avenue , NBC Wrangle Over $5 Million Super Bowl Ads ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on September 18 , 2017 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Fry , Erika ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl Ads Ca n't Save TV '' . Fortune ( print mail distribution ) : 11 . ISSN 0015 - 8259 ... and pay rapt attention to commercials that cost roughly $5 million a ( 30 - second ) pop . Jump up ^ Steinberg , Brian ( October 30 , 2017 ) . `` NBC Expects More Than $1 Billion in Ad Sales from Super Bowl , Winter Olympics '' . Variety . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` What caused a nearly 30 - second ad blackout during Super Bowl '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stelter , Brian . `` NBC blames ' equipment failure ' for brief blackout during Super Bowl '' . CNNMoney . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Budweiser benches famous Clydesdales for Super Bowl LII '' . The Wall Street Journal . January 27 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 27 , 2018 . Retrieved January 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mobile 's ad : Nirvana , Kerry Washington and a timely statement about equality '' . Money.Cnn.com . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/business/media/mlk-commercial-ram-dodge.html Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 14 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' To Air After the Super Bowl , Mulls Christmas Episode As It Faces Pre-emptions On New Night '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on August 27 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( November 15 , 2017 ) . `` Jimmy Fallon to host ' Tonight Show ' live from Minneapolis after Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 15 , 2017 . Retrieved November 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Fallon unveils guests for Mpls . Super Bowl show : Timberlake , the Rock , ' This Is Us ' cast '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Murphy , Mike ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Why Netflix 's surprise ' Cloverfield Paradox ' release could be a game - changer '' . Market Watch . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Cartwright , Darren ( January 30 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 Brisbane : Best places to watch , when it starts , odds '' . News.com.au . Retrieved March 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CTV 'S $300,000 Watch to Win Contest is Back -- Article -- TSN '' . January 29 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Football - Sonntag '' . ProSieben ( in German ) . January 3 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl 2018 : TV channel , kick - off time and half - time show for Super Bowl 52 at the US Bank Stadium '' . The Sun . January 12 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2018 . Retrieved January 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/Carlsonsports/status/960264692575895557 Jump up ^ Smith , George A. ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` AFN Airing Super Bowl LII Live on TV and Radio '' . Stars and Stripes . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Leslie Odom , Jr. to sing ' America The Beautiful ' at Super Bowl '' . National Football League . January 13 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( January 15 , 2018 ) . `` Performer of ' America the Beautiful ' at Super Bowl LII is chosen '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Wanshel , Elyse ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` This Is What Pink Spit Out Before The Super Bowl National Anthem '' . HuffPost . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Respers France , Lisa ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Pink defends Super Bowl performance '' . CNN . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl coin toss salute for Medal of Honor recipients '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 25 , 2018 . Retrieved January 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Nestel , M.L. ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` WWII Medal recipient does Super Bowl LII coin toss '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Justin Timberlake set for SB LII halftime show '' . ESPN . Associated Press . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris . `` No hologram , but still a Prince tribute in Justin Timberlake 's halftime show '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rollins , Khadrice ( October 22 , 2017 ) . `` Justin Timberlake performing at Super Bowl LII halftime '' . Sports Illustrated . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Official : Justin Timberlake to Headline Super Bowl Halftime '' . Variety . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Justin Timberlake 's Botched Super Bowl Halftime Show Return Not Princely -- Review '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Sherman , Rodger . `` The Winners and Losers From Super Bowl LII '' . The Ringer . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Play By Play '' . NFL.com . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Breech , John ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Patriots 26 - yard field goal attempt ends with crazy miss '' . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Felt , Hunter ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Eagles beat Patriots to win first title -- as it happened '' . The Guardian . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Loumena , Dan ( February 4 , 2018 ) . `` Checking the stats at halftime '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stites , Adam ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` The Patriots and Eagles gave us the 2nd highest - scoring Super Bowl ever '' . SB Nation . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tansey , Joe ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Quarter - by - Quarter Score , Final Stats for Eagles vs. Patriots '' . Bleacher Report . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kramer , Lindsay ( February 3 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Who are the officials ? '' . The Post-Standard . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Bowl LII . Official website Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee Super Bowl NFL NFC Championship AFC Championship Football Games 1960s I ( 1967 ) II ( 1968 ) III ( 1969 ) 1970s IV ( 1970 ) V ( 1971 ) VI ( 1972 ) VII ( 1973 ) VIII ( 1974 ) IX ( 1975 ) X ( 1976 ) XI ( 1977 ) XII ( 1978 ) XIII ( 1979 ) 1980s XIV ( 1980 ) XV ( 1981 ) XVI ( 1982 ) XVII ( 1983 ) XVIII ( 1984 ) XIX ( 1985 ) XX ( 1986 ) XXI ( 1987 ) XXII ( 1988 ) XXIII ( 1989 ) 1990s XXIV ( 1990 ) XXV ( 1991 ) XXVI ( 1992 ) XXVII ( 1993 ) XXVIII ( 1994 ) XXIX ( 1995 ) XXX ( 1996 ) XXXI ( 1997 ) XXXII ( 1998 ) XXXIII ( 1999 ) 2000s XXXIV ( 2000 ) XXXV ( 2001 ) XXXVI ( 2002 ) XXXVII ( 2003 ) XXXVIII ( 2004 ) XXXIX ( 2005 ) XL ( 2006 ) XLI ( 2007 ) XLII ( 2008 ) XLIII ( 2009 ) 2010s XLIV ( 2010 ) XLV ( 2011 ) XLVI ( 2012 ) XLVII ( 2013 ) XLVIII ( 2014 ) XLIX ( 2015 ) 50 ( 2016 ) LI ( 2017 ) LII ( 2018 ) LIII ( 2019 ) 2020s LIV ( 2020 ) LV ( 2021 ) LVI ( 2022 ) LVII ( 2023 ) People Champions Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions Head coaches Active head coach history Quarterbacks Officials Awards , trophies , records Super Bowl ring Vince Lombardi Trophy Most Valuable Players Records Broadcast and production National anthem Halftime Commercials USA Today Ad Meter Adbowl List Broadcast Network broadcasters Counterprogramming Lead - out programming Television ratings Super Bowl Sunday Curse Philadelphia Eagles Super Bowl LII champions 4 Jake Elliott 6 Caleb Sturgis 7 Nate Sudfeld 8 Donnie Jones 9 Nick Foles ( MVP ) 10 Mack Hollins 11 Carson Wentz 13 Nelson Agholor 14 Marcus Johnson 16 Bryce Treggs 17 Alshon Jeffery 18 Shelton Gibson 19 Rashard Davis 21 Patrick Robinson 22 Sidney Jones 23 Rodney McLeod 24 Corey Graham 26 Jaylen Watkins 27 Malcolm Jenkins 28 Wendell Smallwood 29 LeGarrette Blount 30 Corey Clement 31 Jalen Mills 32 Rasul Douglas 33 De'Vante Bausby 34 Donnel Pumphrey 35 D.J. Killings 36 Jay Ajayi 37 Randall Goforth 38 Kenjon Barner 39 Harold Jones - Quartey 41 Ronald Darby 42 Chris Maragos 43 Darren Sproles 45 Rick Lovato 47 Nathan Gerry 49 Tre Sullivan 50 Bryan Braman 51 Steven Means 52 Najee Goode 53 Nigel Bradham 54 Kamu Grugier - Hill 55 Brandon Graham 56 Chris Long 57 Dannell Ellerbe 58 Jordan Hicks 59 Joe Walker 61 Stefen Wisniewski 62 Jason Kelce 65 Lane Johnson 66 Will Beatty 67 Chance Warmack 68 Josh Andrews 71 Jason Peters 72 Halapoulivaati Vaitai 73 Isaac Seumalo 75 Vinny Curry 78 Darrell Greene 79 Brandon Brooks 82 Torrey Smith 84 Dom Williams 85 Billy Brown 86 Zach Ertz 87 Brent Celek 88 Trey Burton 89 Greg Ward Jr . 90 Aziz Shittu 91 Fletcher Cox 93 Timmy Jernigan 94 Beau Allen 95 Mychal Kendricks 96 Derek Barnett 97 Destiny Vaeao 98 Elijah Qualls Head coach : Doug Pederson Coaches : Eugene Chung Phillip Daniels John DeFilippo Dave Fipp Ken Flajole Keith Gray Mike Groh Matthew Harper Tim Hauck Josh Hingst Shaun Huls Trent Miles Ryan Paganetti T.J. 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For instance , Super Bowl XLI was played in 2007 , but was the championship for the 2006 season . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is the nfc team in the 2018 superbowl | ['Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13]'] | ['Philadelphia Eagles'] | Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13] |
[question]: What was the final score of Super Bowl LII?
[answer]: The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | What was the final score of Super Bowl LII? | The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | 1 | 7.389595 | 18 | 117 | 1 |
18,641 | 6,554,423,586,005,356,000 | Super Bowl LII | Super Bowl LII - wikipedia Super Bowl LII Jump to : navigation , search Super Bowl LII Philadelphia Eagles ( NFC ) New England Patriots ( AFC ) 41 33 Total PHI 9 13 7 12 41 NE 9 14 7 33 Date February 4 , 2018 Stadium U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota MVP Nick Foles , Quarterback Favorite Patriots by 5.5 Referee Gene Steratore Attendance 67,612 Ceremonies National anthem Pink Coin toss Hershel W. Williams , representing Medal of Honor recipients Halftime show Justin Timberlake TV in the United States Network NBC Universo ( Spanish language ) Announcers Al Michaels ( play - by - play ) Cris Collinsworth ( analyst ) Michele Tafoya ( sideline reporter ) Edgar López ( play - by - play - Universo ) René Giraldo and Rolando Cantú ( analysts - Universo ) Verónica Contreras ( sidelines - Universo ) Nielsen ratings 43.1 ( national ) 56.2 ( Philadelphia ) 55.9 ( Boston ) U.S. viewership : 103.4 million est . avg . Market share 68 ( national ) Cost of 30 - second commercial $5 million Radio in the United States Network Westwood One ESPN Deportes Radio ( Spanish language ) Announcers Kevin Harlan ( play - by - play ) Boomer Esiason and Mike Holmgren ( analysts ) Ed Werder and Tony Boselli ( sideline reporters ) Álvaro Martín ( play - by - play - ESPN Deportes Radio ) Raúl Allegre ( analyst - ESPN Deportes Radio ) John Sutcliffe ( sideline - ESPN Deportes Radio ) ← LI Super Bowl LIII → Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League ( NFL ) for the 2017 season . The National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference ( AFC ) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots , 41 -- 33 , to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960 . The game was played on February 4 , 2018 , at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis , the northernmost city to ever host the event , after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season , and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold - weather city . New England finished the regular season with an AFC - best 13 -- 3 record , then extended their record Super Bowl appearances to ten , their third in four years , and their eighth under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady . Philadelphia also finished the regular season with an NFC - best 13 -- 3 record , a year after Dallas did it in 2016 , but became underdogs entering the playoffs after starting quarterback Carson Wentz suffered a season - ending injury late in the regular season and was replaced by journeyman backup Nick Foles . Still , the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl appearance , having previously lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV and to the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX . Several records were set during Super Bowl LII , including most yards gained in an NFL game by both teams combined ( 1,151 ) , the fewest punts from both teams in a Super Bowl ( one ) , and the most points scored by a Super Bowl losing team ( 33 ) . The game was settled after the Eagles converted a fumble recovery deep within Patriots territory to a field goal with 1 : 05 remaining to extend their lead to eight points , and Brady 's Hail Mary pass fell incomplete as time expired . Foles , who completed 28 of 43 pass attempts for 373 yards and three touchdowns with one interception , and caught a one - yard touchdown pass , was named Super Bowl MVP . Foles ' touchdown catch later became known as The Philly Special and joined NFL lore . The broadcast of the game on NBC had the smallest Super Bowl audience in nine years , with an average of 103.4 million viewers . Average TV viewership for the halftime show , headlined by Justin Timberlake , was 106.6 million American television viewers , 9 percent less than the previous year . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 1.1 Host - city selection 1.2 Teams 1.2. 1 Philadelphia Eagles 1.2. 2 New England Patriots 1.3 Playoffs 1.4 Pre-game notes 1.4. 1 Operations 1.4. 2 Associated events 2 Broadcasting 2.1 United States 2.1. 1 Advertising 2.1. 2 Lead - out programs 2.2 International broadcasts 3 Entertainment 3.1 Pre-game 3.2 Halftime show 4 Game summary 4.1 First Quarter 4.2 Second Quarter 4.3 Third Quarter 4.4 Fourth Quarter 4.5 Game statistics 4.6 Box score 5 Final statistics 5.1 Statistical comparison 5.2 Individual statistics 6 Starting lineups 7 Officials 8 References 9 External links Background ( edit ) Host - city selection ( edit ) The U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota , where Super Bowl LII was held . On October 8 , 2013 , the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII : U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Minneapolis hosted Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome , which was torn down after the 2013 season and replaced in 2014 and 2015 by U.S. Bank Stadium . Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , Indiana . The stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVI in 2012 . Mercedes - Benz Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The city has hosted 10 Super Bowls , including seven at the Superdome , most recently Super Bowl XLVII in 2013 . On May 20 , 2014 , the league 's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta , Georgia . Teams ( edit ) The NFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles , while the AFC was represented by the number - one playoff seed New England Patriots , marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference . Philadelphia Eagles ( edit ) Main article : 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Nick Foles in 2014 . The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , the same as New England , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh , but the various tie - breaking provisions gave them the NFC 's top seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . It was a substantial improvement for the team under second - year head coach Doug Pederson ; the Eagles finished the two previous seasons with 7 -- 9 records . In the 2017 season , the team scored 457 points ( third in the NFL ) , while giving up just 295 ( fourth ) points . The offense was led by Pro Bowl quarterback Carson Wentz . In just his second season , he recorded a passer rating of 101.9 , throwing for 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns , with only seven interceptions . His top target was Pro Bowl tight end Zach Ertz , who caught 74 passes for 824 yards and eight touchdowns . Other contributors were two receivers acquired from off - season free agency : Alshon Jeffery , who caught 57 passes for 789 yards and nine scores ; and Torrey Smith , who had 36 receptions for 430 yards . Meanwhile , third - year receiver Nelson Agholor had the best season of his career , hauling in 62 passes for 768 yards and eight touchdowns , a higher total in each category than in his previous two seasons combined . The Eagles rushing attack also benefited from two recently acquired players , LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi . Blount , an off - season signing who won a Super Bowl with the Patriots , gained 776 rushing yards and two touchdowns , while Ajayi , picked up by a mid-season trade with the Miami Dolphins , rushed for 873 yards and caught 24 passes for 154 yards combined with the two teams . Philadelphia also had a superb offensive line , lead by two Pro Bowl selections : Tackle Lane Johnson and Guard Brandon Brooks . The Eagles defense allowed the fourth - fewest yards in the league ( 4,904 ) . Defensive tackle Fletcher Cox made the Pro Bowl for the third time in his career , recording 5 ⁄ sacks and two fumble recoveries , and he had plenty of help around him , such as former Patriots defensive end Chris Long , who had five sacks and forced four fumbles , and defensive end Brandon Graham , who led the team with 9 ⁄ sacks . Middle linebacker Nigel Bradham led the team in combined tackles with 88 . The Eagles secondary featured Pro Bowl safety Malcolm Jenkins , who had 76 combined tackles and two interceptions , along with cornerback Patrick Robinson , who led the team with four interceptions . Philadelphia had stormed to the top of the NFC by winning 10 of their first 12 games , but suffered a major setback on December 10 , when Wentz went down with a season - ending ACL tear and was replaced by journeyman backup quarterback Nick Foles , who was playing for his third team in as many years and his second stint with the Eagles . Still , Foles was able to lead the team to victory in that game , as well as the next two . The Eagles lost a meaningless week 17 matchup with the Cowboys led by third - string quarterback Nate Sudfeld . Then in their two playoff games , Foles threw for a combined total of 598 yards , three touchdowns and no interceptions . New England Patriots ( edit ) Main article : 2017 New England Patriots season Tom Brady in 2016 . The Patriots entered the 2017 NFL season as defending Super Bowl champions . For the 16th time in their 18 seasons under 65 - year old coach Bill Belichick , they recorded a double - digit win season , finishing the regular season with a record of 13 -- 3 , one of four teams ( along with Philadelphia , Minnesota , and Pittsburgh ) with that record . By virtue of the tie - breaking procedures , they were granted the AFC 's number one overall seed in the 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs . The previous season 's top wide receiver Julian Edelman went down in the preseason with a season - ending injury . Early season defensive struggles left the team with a 2 -- 2 record after four weeks , and the worst overall defense in the league at that point . The defense came together as a unit , and tighten up over the rest of the season however , with the Patriots going 11 -- 1 after week 4 . Their sole loss in the latter part of the season came in Week 14 to the Miami Dolphins , a division rival , though they were without star tight end Rob Gronkowski due to a one - game suspension for an unnecessary roughness call the prior week . The Patriots ' defense was improved by several late - season free - agent signings , including Eric Lee , a defensive end , previously from the Buffalo Bills , whom the Patriots signed in Week 12 , and James Harrison , a perennial All - Pro for the Pittsburgh Steelers , whom the Patriots picked up off waivers after Christmas . In just six games for New England , Lee recorded 3 ⁄ sacks , a safety , and an interception . In his only regular season game with the Patriots , Harrison recorded two sacks . During the regular season , New England 's offense led the league in yards gained ( 6,307 ) and ranked second in points scored ( 458 ) . The 40 - year - old Brady finished his 18th season with a league - leading 4,577 passing yards , 32 touchdowns and just eight interceptions , earning him his 13th selection to the Pro Bowl and his third league MVP award . One change that helped make up for the loss of Edelman was the acquisition of receiver Brandin Cooks , who caught 65 passes for 1,082 yards and seven touchdowns . Brady was also aided by the healthy return of Gronkowski , who had played just eight games in the previous season , finishing this year with 69 catches for 1,084 yards and eight scores . Receiver Danny Amendola added 61 receptions for 659 yards , as well as another 240 yards returning punts . With the loss of their previous season 's rushing leader LeGarrette Blount to free agency , Dion Lewis stepped up to take the lead , rushing for 896 yards and six touchdowns despite starting only eight games . He also caught 32 passes for 214 yards and two touchdowns and added 570 yards and another touchdown returning kickoffs . Rex Burkhead chipped in 518 all - purpose yards , 30 receptions , and eight touchdowns . In passing situations , the team relied heavily on running back James White , who caught 56 passes for 429 yards and rushed for 171 on the ground . These backs were aided by the blocking of fullback James Develin , who earned his first Pro Bowl selection . On special teams , kicker Stephen Gostkowski ranked second in the NFL with 156 points and fourth in field goals made with 37 , while veteran special team ace Matthew Slater earned his seventh consecutive Pro Bowl selection . The Patriots ' defense ranked only 29th in yards allowed ( 5,856 ) , but ranked fifth in fewest points , giving up only 296 . Defensive end Trey Flowers led the team with 6 ⁄ sacks while also forcing two fumbles . Linebacker Kyle Van Noy had 73 tackles and 5 ⁄ sacks . The Patriots also had a superb secondary , led by cornerbacks Malcolm Butler ( two interceptions , three forced fumbles ) and Stephon Gilmore ( two interceptions , 47 solo tackles ) , as well as safeties Devin McCourty ( 97 combined tackles , one interception , one fumble recovery ) , Patrick Chung ( 84 tackles , one interception , two fumble recoveries ) and Duron Harmon ( four interceptions ) . Playoffs ( edit ) Main article : 2017 -- 18 NFL playoffs In the playoffs , the Patriots earned a first - round bye and home - field advantage due to their status as the AFC 's first overall seed . In the divisional round , they defeated the Tennessee Titans 35 -- 14 , as Brady passed for 337 yards and three touchdowns . In that game , the defense amassed eight quarterback sacks of Marcus Mariota and held the Titans ' running game to 65 yards rushing . They then defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 24 -- 20 in the AFC Championship Game , rallying from behind to win the game after the Jaguars jumped out to an early 14 -- 3 lead and whose league - best defense stymied Brady and the rest of the offense for most of the first half . Down 20 -- 10 in the fourth quarter , the Patriots comeback was sealed by two Brady - led drives , both resulting in touchdown passes to Danny Amendola , as well as a key defensive stop by Stephon Gilmore , whose acrobatic block of a Blake Bortles pass ended Jacksonville 's last chance to score . Rob Gronkowski was injured in the game with a concussion , leaving his status for the Super Bowl in doubt . Amendola was the breakout star for the Patriots during their two playoff wins , leading the team with 196 receiving yards , and serving as Brady 's primary target . Meanwhile , Philadelphia started off the divisional round by narrowly defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15 -- 10 , by stopping the Falcons on four consecutive plays after they had a first - down - and - goal situation on the Eagles 9 - yard line during their final drive . They then soundly defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38 -- 7 in the NFC Championship Game . Despite the Vikings scoring on their opening drive , the Eagles defense held them to three punts , two turnovers on downs , two interceptions , and one lost fumble in their remaining drives of the game . Meanwhile , Foles had a great game , in which he completed 26 of 33 passes for 353 yards and three touchdowns . Pre-game notes ( edit ) This game was a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX . Only one player , Patriots starting quarterback Tom Brady , remained on either roster from that contest . Bill Belichick , the Patriots ' head coach in that contest , also remained in that position . Two Eagles , running back LeGarrette Blount and defensive lineman Chris Long , had been Patriots in 2017 's Super Bowl LI . The Patriots were the designated home team for Super Bowl LII , because the AFC team is the designated home team in even - numbered years and the NFC team in odd - numbered years . As the designated home team , the Patriots chose to wear their road white jerseys with navy blue pants , becoming the sixth team to wear their white jerseys as the home team and the third team to wear white in back - to - back Super Bowls , following the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowls XII and XIII and again in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII . The Eagles therefore wore their standard home uniform of midnight green jerseys with white pants . Twelve of the previous 13 Super Bowls had been won by teams wearing white jerseys . The last team to win a Super Bowl while wearing their home uniforms was the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV ( who , coincidentally , had also worn green jerseys ) . Operations ( edit ) Security prescreening at the Mall of America before boarding the Metro Blue Line to U.S. Bank Stadium . To coordinate the game and 10 days of events , the National Football League temporarily operated an events office within the Minnesota Vikings office building next to U.S. Bank Stadium . More than 150,000 visitors were expected to attend events associated with the Super Bowl over ten days . Among them were some 5,000 - plus media members ; media day events and press conferences were held at The Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . No sales tax was collected on admission tickets to the game and related events , including parking . To increase security around U.S. Bank Stadium , the stadium 's light rail station was shut down for 48 hours before the game , and a nearby homeless shelter was temporarily moved beyond the security perimeter . The Blue Line of the light rail system was only open to ticketholders and passengers with a Gameday Pass , while the Green Line only ran to Stadium Village station on the University of Minnesota campus before continuing on with restricted access . Metro Transit ran shuttle buses between light rail stations , as well as regular bus service was moved for several weeks due to street closures . Thirty activist groups organized a rally and protest against police brutality , corporate greed , and racist practices . 17 people blocked the Green Line train for 90 minutes before the game , and 200 protesters blocked an entrance to the stadium 's security perimeter . Under a 1998 agreement , the Patriots and Eagles owners split the tickets , and the league controlled the game presentation and entertainment in the stadium . The Patriots practiced at the Minnesota Vikings facilities in Eden Prairie while the Eagles used the University of Minnesota . The Eagles got the Vikings ' locker room and sideline . The Vikings had advanced to the NFC Championship Game before losing to the Eagles ; until that point , the possibility of the Vikings advancing to the Super Bowl and thus becoming the first team to play the game in its home stadium was plausible . Had that happened , the Vikings would have used their own locker rooms and training facilities , while the AFC champion would have used the University of Minnesota . Associated events ( edit ) Nicollet Mall hosted the outdoor Super Bowl Live festival during the lead - up to the game . The Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee presented Super Bowl Live on Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis . This ten - day free festival and concert series featured Sheila E. , the Revolution , Morris Day and the Time , and the New Power Generation , musicians from Minnesota who collaborated with Prince , a Minneapolis native . Produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , Super Bowl Live also included performances by Idina Menzel , Soul Asylum , the Suburbs , Bob Mould , Sounds of Blackness , Dessa , VocalEssence , Mint Condition , and the Jets . In addition to the concert series , Super Bowl Live featured a 200 - foot ( 61 m ) American Birkebeiner International Bridge on Nicollet Mall to showcase cross-country skiing , skijoring , fat - tire bicycle racing , and snow tubing demonstrations . There was also a snowmobile stunt show on February 3 . The NFL presented the Super Bowl Experience at the Minneapolis Convention Center from January 27 to February 3 with an entrance fee . Kelly Clarkson performed at the Minneapolis Armory and a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl . The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez , Imagine Dragons , and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium . Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl . Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed `` listening session '' of his newest album at Prince 's Paisley Park . Dave Matthews Band will perform at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul . The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community 's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani , the Chainsmokers , Florida Georgia Line , and Kygo . Planners originally scheduled a 64,000 - square - foot ( 5,900 m ) traveling nightclub for 9500 people , but cancelled , moving its concerts into the main casino . Ellie Goulding 's appearance with Kygo was cancelled at the same time . The Mystic Lake Casino in Prior Lake , Minnesota , has the second - largest hotel in the Twin Cities metropolitan area , and Prior Lake hosted Super Bowl - week events including winter activities , a hotdish competition , and fundraisers . Other events were held at the Mall of America ( including Radio Row as a home for national shows ) , Saint Paul 's RiverCentre and Xcel Energy Center , the Minnesota Vikings ' Winter Park location in Eden Prairie , and the University of Minnesota . `` Taste of the NFL '' is a fundraiser for food banks and was held in Saint Paul . Minneapolis also offered a temporary zip - line across the Mississippi River near downtown . The Luminary Loppet around Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis featured fire dancing , an ice pyramid , and luminary candles at night . The 2018 Saint Paul Winter Carnival took place leading up to , during and after the Super Bowl . Carnival organizers built a large ice palace to coincide with the Super Bowl festivities , as with Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 . The ice palace was planned , cancelled for lack of funds , then re-announced with sponsors . Events in Saint Paul will also include an extreme sports demonstration , a `` giant slide '' , and a block party . Officials in the capital city hoped to attract Minneapolis Super Bowl visitors . The Minneapolis Institute of Art had a free 20 - by - 40 - foot ( 6.1 m × 12.2 m ) , 6 - foot - tall ( 1.8 m ) ice maze . The Great Northern was a winter festival in the Twin Cities from January 25 to February 4 that included the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships , an ice bar , and an `` urban ski competition '' . ESPN broadcast its studio programming from the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis , while Golf Channel ( a sister network of Super Bowl LII broadcaster NBC ) aired two live episodes of David Feherty 's eponymous series from the State Theatre . Native American communities of Minnesota performed nightly drum ceremonies . Various drumlines from around the state performed at different locations throughout the day . Broadcasting ( edit ) United States ( edit ) NBC broadcast Super Bowl LII , as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL . NBC 's lead NFL team of play - by - play man Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth called the game . Sister cable network Universo carried a full Spanish language broadcast produced by Telemundo Deportes , with Edgar Lopez and Rene Giraldo . The Universo Spanish audio was also available on NBC through the SAP channel , where available . NBC employed 73 cameras within the stadium , and introduced `` volumetric - AR '' graphics featuring 3D body scanning of players . This was the last game in Westwood One 's current national radio contract with the NFL . Each participating team 's flagship station ( the Patriots Radio Network 's WBZ - FM / Boston , and the Eagles Radio Network 's WIP - FM / Philadelphia , along with WEMG / Camden , New Jersey for Spanish play - by - play ) carried the game with local announcers . ( For the second consecutive year , none of the local flagships are clear - channel stations , and thus the local commentators were only audible for free within each respective team 's immediate metropolitan area ; listeners who live outside the flagship stations ' broadcast ranges were required to subscribe to Sirius XM Radio or TuneIn Premium to access the local broadcasts . ) Under the terms of the Westwood One contract , any radio station that is not a local flagship , if it is to carry the game , is required to utilize the Westwood One feed . It was the first title win called by Eagles play - by - play announcer Merrill Reese , who has been the primary radio voice of the team since 1977 . Online streams of the game were provided by NBC . It was available on NBCSports.com , the NBC Sports app for mobile devices , tablets , connected - TV devices , and NBC.com without any required login . The Spanish - language broadcast was available on the Telemundo Deportes En Vivo app and TelemundoDeportes.com for desktop devices , connected TV devices , and tablets but not mobile devices . Under new digital rights deals that began with the 2017 -- 18 playoffs , Verizon still offers mobile streaming of games , but no longer holds exclusive rights to stream NFL games on smartphones or make them exclusive to Verizon Wireless subscribers . Instead , Verizon elected to use the deal to bolster its recent acquisition of Yahoo ! ; on January 9 , 2018 , Verizon announced that it would host streams of playoff games through the Yahoo ! Sports and go90 app , including Super Bowl LII . As a result of the deal , the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time , regardless of network ( because of Verizon 's previous exclusive rights deal , non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts , regardless of source ) . The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers . Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC 's pre-game coverage . Mike Tirico , who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as NBC 's lead studio host for both the NFL and the Olympic Games , did not participate in coverage of Super Bowl LII due to his commitments to prepare for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea ( which opened on the Friday following the game ) . As NBC Sports Regional Networks operates regional sports networks in the markets of both teams which participated , the NBC Sports Boston and NBC Sports Philadelphia channels were used to provide additional coverage of the game from a local perspective . Both networks aired coverage from Minneapolis , including pre-game specials focusing on their respective team , followed by a joint broadcast immediately prior to the game . Nielsen reported a 47.4 / 70 % overnight rating in metered markets , peaking at 52.2 / 74 during the fourth quarter . These numbers are about 3 % lower than early numbers from Super Bowl LI , and the lowest since Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 . Advertising ( edit ) Dan Lovinger , NBC Sports Group executive vice president of ad sales , stated to Variety in July 2017 that the network was seeking a price `` north of $5 million '' ( the price set for the previous two Super Bowls ) for a 30 - second commercial during Super Bowl LII . As they began five days after the Super Bowl , NBC offered advertising packages that covered both Super Bowl LII and the 2018 Winter Olympics ( which marked the first time since 1992 that a single broadcast network had aired both the Super Bowl and Winter Olympics in the same year ) ; the network estimated that it would bring in at least $1 billion in advertising revenue from the two events . During the second quarter , an equipment failure caused NBC 's broadcast to experience dead air for 30 seconds during a commercial break . No actual commercial time was lost . Anheuser - Busch has , as it has done in previous Super Bowls , purchased multiple commercials in the game , advertising Bud Light , Stella Artois and Michelob Ultra . For the first time since Super Bowl VIII , the company reduced the appearances of the Budweiser Clydesdales in a Super Bowl commercial . However , a Clydesdale was featured in a commercial for Tide detergent and the Budweiser Clydesdales only appeared in a 5 - second Budweiser commercial to remind viewers of the `` ClydesdaleCam '' livestreaming event . Other signed advertisers included The Coca - Cola Company and Avocados from Mexico . Cellphone carrier T - Mobile aired a minute long ad with actress Kerry Washington narrating , featuring babies of various ethnic backgrounds . The commercial also features Nirvana 's song `` All Apologies '' played as a lullaby . In the ad , Washington talks about the babies being born with natural instincts of love and not racism calling them `` unstoppable '' and that they will demand fair and equal pay . T - Mobile CEO John Legere posted to his Twitter account afterwards saying , `` This year , we wanted to use our # SuperBowl airtime to share that @ TMobile believes we all started in the same place . We are more alike than different . And we are unstoppable . '' Fiat Chrysler subsidiary Ram Trucks was met with swift and harsh criticism for its use of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr 's sermon `` The Drum Major Instinct '' . Major news outlets and social media erupted in the controversy . Particularly disturbing to many viewers was the selective exploitation of King 's anti-consumerist , anti-advertising speech in an attempt to sell trucks . Lead - out programs ( edit ) NBC 's lead - out program was an episode of This Is Us , titled `` Super Bowl Sunday '' , alongside a special episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon from Minneapolis ' Orpheum Theatre , with halftime performer Justin Timberlake , Dwayne Johnson , Chris Stapleton and the cast of This Is Us as guests . In a surprise move , Netflix used its advertising time to announce it had acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox , the third film in the Cloverfield series , and would make it available immediately after the game , potentially undercutting viewership of the lucrative post-game slot on NBC . International broadcasts ( edit ) Rights holder ( s ) Australia The event aired live on the Seven Network and 7mate Brazil The Super Bowl was shown live by ESPN Brasil , with Paulo Antunes and Everaldo Marques as the announcers for the evening . It was also shown live on Cinemark , Cinépolis , Kinoplex and UCI movie theaters across the country . Canada Bell Canada holds broadcast rights for local stations in Canada and aired the game across its networks on CTV , CTV Two , RDS ( for French ) , TSN Radio and TSN2 ; TSN 's regional networks did not carry the game due to a schedule conflict with the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts , the national women 's curling championship . Bell reprised the previous year 's usage of a sweepstakes and entertainment features to retain Canadian audiences . On RDS , the announcer was David Arsenault with Pierre Vercheval as analyst and Didier Orméjuste on the sidelines . France beIn Sports2 and W9 broadcast the event . Germany ProSieben broadcast the Super Bowl for the first time , after it had previously been on sister channel Sat. 1 since Super Bowl XLVI . It was shown for no additional cost in standard - definition and on ProSieben HD in high - definition on HD+ as well as multiple cable and IPTV providers . It was also available on internet streaming service DAZN for no cost in addition to the regular subscription fee . Philippines The 5 Network broadcast the event in the Philippines . United Kingdom As per recent years , Super Bowl LII aired live on BBC One for no additional cost over the license fee . It was also available on Sky Sports with a subscription , through a Now TV Sports Pass , or as part of the NFL Gamepass Playoffs package . In a change to tradition , the BBC chose to use NBC 's feed instead of the NFL Films and NFL Network produced World Feed . U.S. military bases American Forces Network carried the Super Bowl live to members of the United States Armed Forces in Eurasia . Entertainment ( edit ) Pre-game ( edit ) The inside of the stadium on game day . Pink performed `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' , while Leslie Odom Jr. sang `` America the Beautiful '' . Pink spit out a throat lozenge shortly before singing the anthem , later verified after many commentators thought she had spit out a piece of gum . She reported being ill with flu symptoms during her performance . No players were observed kneeling during the national anthem , in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons . Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony . World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin . Halftime show ( edit ) Main article : Super Bowl LII halftime show Justin Timberlake performs on piano alongside projected archive footage of Prince during the Super Bowl LII halftime show . Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show , along with his band `` The Tennessee Kids '' and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band . Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls : Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC , and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004 with Janet Jackson . Timberlake 's performance drew criticism for not being `` spectacular '' , looking to be safe and avoid incidents such as the infamous `` wardrobe malfunction '' encountered during his performance with Jackson , and for incorporating a video of Prince , who opposed performances combining the dead and the living . Game Summary ( edit ) First quarter ( edit ) A Philadelphia Eagles handoff during the first quarter . The New England Patriots won the opening coin toss and elected to defer to the second half . The Patriots kicked off to the Eagles , who opened the game with a 14 - play , 67 - yard drive that took 7 : 05 off the clock and resulted in a 25 - yard Jake Elliott field goal , giving the Eagles a 3 -- 0 lead . The drive was controlled by the arm of Eagles quarterback Nick Foles , who completed 6 of 9 passes to five different receivers for 61 yards , with a few short runs by LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi mixed in . Foles also made two critical completions on third down plays , hitting Alshon Jeffery for a 17 - yard gain on third - and - 4 , and later found Torrey Smith for a 15 - yard completion on third - and - 12 . The Patriots responded with a drive of their own , almost with the exact same results ; quarterback Tom Brady completed 6 of 8 passes for 60 yards to four different receivers , the longest a 28 - yard strike to Chris Hogan . The drive stalled out on the Eagles 8 - yard line , where they had to settle for Stephen Gostkowski 's 26 - yard field goal , which tied the game at 3 -- 3 . The game 's first touchdown was scored by the Eagles on the next drive , taking only three plays : a short pass from Foles to Nelson Agholor , a 36 - yard run up the middle by Blount , and a 34 - yard touchdown pass from Foles to Jeffery to the left side of the field . The ensuing extra point attempt from Elliott was missed wide right , which made the score 9 -- 3 in favor of the Eagles . The Patriots responded by advancing the ball to the Philadelphia 11 - yard line on their next drive , which was set up by a 50 - yard completion from Brady to Danny Amendola , where the quarter ended . Second quarter ( edit ) With the second quarter under way , the Patriots came away empty - handed on the drive , as Gostkowski missed a 26 - yard field goal attempt after holder Ryan Allen mishandled the snap . New England 's defense forced the game 's only punt on the next drive . On the following drive , Brady completed a 23 - yard pass to Brandin Cooks , but a hard hit by defender Malcolm Jenkins knocked the receiver out of the game with a concussion . On third down from near mid-field , the Patriots attempted a trick play that involved two handoffs and a pass downfield to Tom Brady . Brady was open , but dropped the throw from Amendola . They went for it on fourth down , and a pass intended for tight end Rob Gronkowski fell incomplete , giving the Eagles the ball on their own 35 - yard line on a turnover - on - downs . The Eagles capitalized on a drive featuring two key completions , a 19 - yard catch by Zach Ertz on third - and - 7 , and a 22 - yard reception by Jeffery on the Patriots 21 - yard line . On the next play , a 21 - yard rumble by Blount gave the Eagles another touchdown . They attempted a two - point conversion , which failed and brought the score to 15 -- 3 . The Patriots quickly struck back , as Brady completed a 46 - yard pass to Rex Burkhead on the first play after the kickoff . But the team could only gain two more yards , resulting in Gostkowski 's 45 - yard field goal that got the score to 15 -- 6 . The Eagles got the ball back with 7 : 24 on the clock and looked poised to score another touchdown , when a 26 - yard run by Ajayi gave them a first down on the Patriots 43 - yard line . But on the next play , Foles threw a pass that bounced off Jeffery as he tried to make a one - handed catch , and went into the hands of Patriots safety Duron Harmon for an interception , which he returned eight yards to the 10 - yard line . The Patriots took advantage of the turnover with a seven - play , 90 - yard drive , featuring a 43 - yard completion from Brady to Hogan . On the next play , James White scored with a 26 - yard touchdown run . Gostkowski missed the ensuing extra point , but the score was now 15 -- 12 . Eagles running back Kenjon Barner returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to his own 30 - yard line as time ran down to the two - minute warning . Two plays later , on third down - and - 3 , Foles completed a short pass to running back Corey Clement , who took off for a 55 - yard gain to the New England 8 - yard line . Clement then ran the ball six yards to the two - yard line on the next play . Two plays later , Philadelphia faced fourth - and - goal on the 1 - yard line with 38 seconds left on the clock . Deciding to go for the touchdown , they attempted a similar trick play to the one that had failed for the Patriots earlier . As Foles stepped up to the running back position , Clement took a direct snap and pitched the ball to tight end Trey Burton , who then threw the ball perfectly to Foles , who was wide open in the right side of the end zone . Foles caught the football , making him the first quarterback ever to catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl , and the ensuing extra point was good , giving the Eagles a 22 -- 12 lead , which was taken into the locker room following a short drive by the Patriots . The first half resulted in numerous Super Bowl records from both teams , including most total yards combined ( 673 ) . This was also the first time two quarterbacks had thrown for over 200 yards in the first half of a Super Bowl , with Brady throwing for 276 yards and Foles throwing for 215 yards . Third quarter ( edit ) The Patriots received the second - half kickoff and Brady led New England 75 yards in eight plays . Gronkowski , who only caught one pass for nine yards in the first half , caught five passes for 68 yards on the drive , the last a 5 - yard touchdown reception to make the score 22 -- 19 . The Eagles responded by moving the ball 85 yards in 11 plays on a drive that consumed less than five minutes and featured three critical third down conversions by Foles . The first was a 17 - yard pass to Agholor on third - and - 6 from the Eagles 19 - yard line . Later in the drive , he threw a 14 - yard completion to Ertz on third - and - 1 from the New England 40 - yard line . Finally , he finished the possession with a 22 - yard touchdown pass to Clement on third - and - 6 . The touchdown was held up by a replay review , but replay officials confirmed that Clement kept both feet inbounds and controlled the ball . An Elliott extra point brought the score to 29 -- 19 in favor of the Eagles . Brady responded with a 10 - play , 75 - yard drive , completing all three of his passes for 61 yards , the last one a 26 - yard touchdown pass to Hogan that brought the score to 29 -- 26 . The Eagles followed with an 8 - play , 51 - yard drive featuring a 24 - yard completion from Foles to Agholor on the first play . By the end of the third quarter , the team had made it to the New England 16 - yard line . Fourth quarter ( edit ) The Eagles opened the fourth quarter scoring with a Jake Elliott field goal to bring the score to 32 -- 26 . However , Brady came back with another 75 - yard drive featuring a 30 - yard reception by Amendola and ending with a four - yard pass to Gronkowski , his second touchdown of the game , giving the Patriots their first lead of the game with the score at 33 -- 32 . On their next drive , the Eagles faced third - and - 6 after two plays , but were able to keep the ball with a 7 - yard catch by Ertz . Eventually , they faced a fourth - and - 1 on their own 45 - yard line with 5 : 39 left in the game . Deciding to go for the conversion rather than punt , Foles completed a 2 - yard pass to Ertz that kept the drive alive . Then after a 1 - yard Blount run , he picked up three consecutive first downs with three passes to Agholor for gains of 10 , 18 , and 10 yards , respectively , moving the ball to the New England 14 - yard line . Following a 3 - yard run by Ajayi , Foles threw a 9 - yard touchdown pass to Ertz with 2 : 21 remaining in the game . The play was held up on review , as Ertz lost the ball after touching the ground in the end zone ; it was however determined that he established himself as a runner and also maintained control of the ball as he broke the plane of the goal line . However , a failed two - point conversion left the Eagles with a 38 -- 33 lead . On the Patriots ' next drive , Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham stripped the ball from Brady on the drive 's second play for the only sack of the game for either team . Defensive end Derek Barnett of the Eagles recovered the ball , allowing the Eagles to run the clock down to 1 : 05 and forcing New England to use up all their remaining timeouts . Elliott then kicked a 46 - yard field goal , putting Philadelphia ahead by eight points , with the score at 41 -- 33 , and New England needing a touchdown and a two - point conversion to tie the game and send it into overtime . After nine plays ( one of them a 13 - yard catch by Amendola on fourth - and - 10 ) , Brady reached the 49 - yard line , and with only nine seconds remaining , he threw a Hail Mary pass to the end zone , to no avail as time expired . The Eagles had won their first Vince Lombardi Trophy in franchise history , and their first league championship since 1960 , ending what was the third - longest championship drought in the NFL at 57 years . Game Statistics ( edit ) The trophy presentation after the game . The combined 74 points scored by both teams was one point shy of the Super Bowl record of 75 , set in Super Bowl XXIX in 1995 ; it and this game marked only the second time in the game 's history where the two teams combined for 70 + points . The game also set a record for most yardage by both teams ( combined ) with 1,151 yards , the most for any single game , regular season or postseason . The game had many other Super Bowl records set as well , including fewest punts from both teams ( one ) , most yards gained by a team ( 613 for New England ) and most points scored by a losing team ( 33 ) . Foles completed 28 - of - 43 passes for 373 yards and three touchdowns , with one interception , and caught a touchdown pass . Clement , who caught only 10 passes for 123 yards and two touchdowns during the season , was the Eagles leading receiver with four receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown , while also rushing for eight yards . Agholor had nine receptions for 84 yards . Blount was the game 's top rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown . Brady completed 28 - of - 48 passes for 505 yards and three touchdowns , breaking the record for most passing yards in a Super Bowl that he had set in the previous season . Amendola was his top target with eight receptions for 152 yards , while Hogan had six for 128 yards and a touchdown and Gronkowski caught nine passes for 116 yards and two scores . Box score ( edit ) Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots -- Game summary Total Eagles ( NFC ) 9 13 7 12 41 Patriots ( AFC ) 9 14 7 33 at U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota Date : February 4 , 2018 Game time : 5 : 31 p.m. CST Game weather : Played indoors ( domed stadium ) Game attendance : 67,612 Referee : Gene Steratore TV announcers ( NBC ) : Al Michaels , Cris Collinsworth , Michele Tafoya Recap , Game Book ( hide ) Scoring summary Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score Plays Yards TOP PHI NE 7 : 55 14 67 7 : 05 PHI 25 - yard field goal by Elliott 0 4 : 17 9 67 3 : 38 NE 26 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 2 : 34 77 1 : 43 PHI Jeffery 34 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick no good ( wide right ) 9 8 : 48 6 65 3 : 05 PHI Blount 21 - yard touchdown run , 2 - point pass no good 15 7 : 24 5 48 1 : 24 NE 45 - yard field goal by Gostkowski 15 6 2 : 04 7 90 2 : 57 NE White 26 - yard touchdown run , Gostkowski kick no good ( wide left ) 15 12 0 : 34 7 70 1 : 30 PHI Foles 1 - yard touchdown reception from Burton , Elliott kick good 22 12 12 : 15 8 75 2 : 45 NE Gronkowski 5 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 22 19 7 : 18 11 85 4 : 57 PHI Clement 22 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , Elliott kick good 29 19 3 : 23 7 75 3 : 55 NE Hogan 26 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 29 26 14 : 09 8 51 4 : 14 PHI 42 - yard field goal by Elliott 32 26 9 : 22 10 75 4 : 47 NE Gronkowski 4 - yard touchdown reception from Brady , Gostkowski kick good 32 33 2 : 21 14 75 7 : 01 PHI Ertz 11 - yard touchdown reception from Foles , 2 - point pass no good 38 33 1 : 05 1 : 04 PHI 46 - yard field goal by Elliott 41 33 `` TOP '' = time of possession . For other American football terms , see Glossary of American football . 41 33 Final Statistics ( edit ) Statistical comparison ( edit ) Statistic Philadelphia Eagles New England Patriots First downs 25 29 First downs rushing 6 First downs passing 19 23 First downs penalty 0 Third down efficiency 10 / 16 5 / 10 Fourth down efficiency 2 / 2 1 / 2 Total net yards 538 613 Net yards rushing 164 113 Rushing attempts 27 22 Yards per rush 6.1 5.1 Net yards passing 374 500 Passing -- completions / attempts 29 / 44 28 / 49 Times sacked -- total yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 5 Interceptions thrown 0 Punt returns -- total yards 0 -- 0 0 -- 0 Kickoff returns -- total yards 4 -- 98 3 -- 44 Interceptions -- total return yards 0 -- 0 1 -- 8 Punts -- average yardage 1 -- 41 0 -- 0 Fumbles -- lost 0 -- 0 1 -- 1 Penalties -- yards 6 -- 35 1 -- 5 Time of possession 34 : 04 25 : 56 Turnovers The lone Eagles punt was received with a fair catch . Records set ( Unless otherwise noted , all records were only Super Bowl records ) Most yards allowed 613 Philadelphia Eagles Most yards allowed in a win 613 Most Super Bowl appearances , as team 10 New England Patriots Most points scored in a Super Bowl , losing team 33 Most total yards , team ( game ) 613 Most passing yards , team ( postseason game ) 500 Fewest punts , team ( game ) 0 Most players , 100 or more receiving yards ( Amendola 152 , Hogan 128 , Gronkowski 116 ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as player 8 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as starting player 8 Most pass attempts , player ( career ) 357 Most pass completions , player ( career ) 235 Most passing yards , player ( any postseason game ) 505 Most passing yards , player ( career ) 2,576 Most touchdown passes , player ( career ) 18 Oldest quarterback , as player 40 years 185 days Oldest quarterback , as starting player 40 years 185 days Most Super Bowl appearances , as head coach 8 Bill Belichick ( New England ) Most Super Bowl appearances , as coach 11 Most Super Bowl appearances , in any capacity 11 Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( game ) Nick Foles ( Philadelphia ) Most TD receptions , as quarterback ( career ) Most Super Bowl games with TD pass and TD reception Longest field goal kicked by a rookie 46 yards Jake Elliott ( Philadelphia ) Most receiving yards , game , tight end 116 Rob Gronkowski ( New England ) Most total yards , both teams ( any NFL game ) 1,151 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs passing , both teams ( game ) 42 Most passing yards , both teams ( any postseason game ) 874 Most missed PAT attempts , both teams ( game ) Fewest punts , both teams ( game ) Records tied Fewest times sacked , as team ( game ) 0 Philadelphia Eagles Fewest fumbles , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest fumbles lost , as team ( game ) 0 Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most missed PAT attempts , as team ( game ) Most Super Bowl losses , as team 5 New England Patriots Fewest punt returns , as team ( game ) 0 Most Super Bowl appearances , as kicker 5 Stephen Gostkowski ( New England ) Most pass attempts with no interceptions ( game ) 48 Tom Brady ( New England ) Most field goals , both teams ( game ) 5 Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots Most first downs , both teams ( game ) 54 Most pass attempts , both teams ( game ) 93 Most touchdown passes , both teams ( game ) 7 Fewest times sacked , both teams ( game ) Fewest punt returns , both teams ( game ) 0 Fewest punt return yards , both teams ( game ) 0 Individual statistics ( edit ) Eagles passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Nick Foles 28 / 43 373 Trey Burton 1 / 1 0 Eagles rushing Car Yds TD LG LeGarrette Blount 14 90 36 Jay Ajayi 9 57 0 26 Nelson Agholor 9 0 9 Corey Clement 8 0 6 Eagles receiving Rec Yds TD LG Nelson Agholor 9 84 0 24 Zach Ertz 7 67 19 Torrey Smith 5 49 0 17 Corey Clement 100 55 Alshon Jeffery 73 34 Nick Foles Trey Burton 0 0 0 0 Patriots passing C / ATT Yds TD INT Tom Brady 28 / 48 505 0 Danny Amendola 0 / 1 0 0 0 Patriots rushing Car Yds TD LG James White 7 45 26 Dion Lewis 9 39 0 8 Rex Burkhead 18 0 9 Tom Brady 6 0 6 Chris Hogan 0 Brandin Cooks 0 Patriots receiving Rec Yds TD LG Rob Gronkowski 9 116 25 Danny Amendola 8 152 0 50 Chris Hogan 6 128 43 James White 21 0 15 Rex Burkhead 46 0 46 Brandin Cooks 23 0 23 Phillip Dorsett 19 0 19 Tom Brady 0 0 0 0 James Develin 0 0 0 0 Completions / attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Starting lineups ( edit ) Source : Philadelphia Position Position New England Offense Alshon Jeffery WR Brandin Cooks Halapoulivaati Vaitai LT Nate Solder Stefen Wisniewski LG Joe Thuney Jason Kelce David Andrews Brandon Brooks RG Shaq Mason Lane Johnson RT Cameron Fleming Zach Ertz TE Rob Gronkowski Nelson Agholor WR Chris Hogan Nick Foles QB Tom Brady LeGarrette Blount RB Dion Lewis Torrey Smith WR FB James Develin Defense Vinny Curry DE LE Trey Flowers Timmy Jernigan DT Lawrence Guy Fletcher Cox DT Malcom Brown Brandon Graham DE LB James Harrison Mychal Kendricks OLB LB Kyle Van Noy Nigel Bradham OLB LB Elandon Roberts Jalen Mills CB RCB Stephon Gilmore Ronald Darby CB LCB Eric Rowe Corey Graham Patrick Chung Rodney McLeod Devin McCourty Malcolm Jenkins Duron Harmon Officials ( edit ) Super Bowl LII had eight officials . The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers . Referee : Gene Steratore ( 114 ) Umpire : Roy Ellison ( 81 ) Down judge : Jerry Bergman ( 91 ) Line judge : Byron Boston ( 18 ) Field judge : Tom Hill ( 97 ) Side judge : Scott Edwards ( 3 ) Back judge : Perry Paganelli ( 46 ) Replay official : Paul Weidner This was Steratore 's first Super Bowl as a referee , though he had been previously selected as an alternate for Super Bowl XLIV . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brinson , Will ( January 21 , 2018 ) . `` 2018 Super Bowl odds , line : Eagles are big underdogs again , this time against Patriots '' . cbssports.com . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on January 22 , 2018 . Retrieved January 23 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Officials Named '' ( Press release ) . National Football League . January 17 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Referee GENE STERATORE will lead the seven - person crew of on - field game officials selected to work Super Bowl LII on Sunday , February 4 at U.S. Bank Stadium , the NFL announced today Jump up ^ `` Philadelphia Eagles beat New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLII '' . The Cincinnati Enquirer . February 4 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII -- National Football League Game Summary '' ( PDF ) . National Football League . February 4 , 2018 . Archived ( PDF ) from the original on February 11 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Hanzus , Dan ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` P ! NK to perform national anthem at Super Bowl LII '' . National Football League . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2018 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` NFL to salute Medal of Honor recipients at Super Bowl LII '' . NFL.com . National Football League . January 25 , 2018 . 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Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Desk , TV News . `` Spanish - Language Live Super Bowl Telecast Will Be Presented by Telemundo Deportes and Universo '' . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Castillo , Michelle ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Yahoo Sports will start streaming NFL playoff games this weekend , says Oath CEO Tim Armstrong '' . CNBC . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2018 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rovell , Darren ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` Verizon , NFL agree to new 5 - year deal worth nearly $2.5 billion '' . ESPN . Archived from the original on December 12 , 2017 . Retrieved December 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vincent , James ( December 11 , 2017 ) . `` NFL games will start streaming on all mobile carriers in January -- not just Verizon '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . 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The Wall Street Journal . January 27 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 27 , 2018 . Retrieved January 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` T - Mobile 's ad : Nirvana , Kerry Washington and a timely statement about equality '' . Money.Cnn.com . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/business/media/mlk-commercial-ram-dodge.html Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 14 , 2017 ) . `` ' This Is Us ' To Air After the Super Bowl , Mulls Christmas Episode As It Faces Pre-emptions On New Night '' . Deadline . Archived from the original on August 27 , 2017 . Retrieved December 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( November 15 , 2017 ) . `` Jimmy Fallon to host ' Tonight Show ' live from Minneapolis after Super Bowl '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on November 15 , 2017 . Retrieved November 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Justin , Neal ( January 9 , 2018 ) . `` Fallon unveils guests for Mpls . Super Bowl show : Timberlake , the Rock , ' This Is Us ' cast '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2018 . Retrieved January 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Murphy , Mike ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Why Netflix 's surprise ' Cloverfield Paradox ' release could be a game - changer '' . Market Watch . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Cartwright , Darren ( January 30 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 Brisbane : Best places to watch , when it starts , odds '' . News.com.au . Retrieved March 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CTV 'S $300,000 Watch to Win Contest is Back -- Article -- TSN '' . January 29 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Football - Sonntag '' . ProSieben ( in German ) . January 3 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl 2018 : TV channel , kick - off time and half - time show for Super Bowl 52 at the US Bank Stadium '' . The Sun . January 12 , 2018 . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2018 . Retrieved January 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/Carlsonsports/status/960264692575895557 Jump up ^ Smith , George A. ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` AFN Airing Super Bowl LII Live on TV and Radio '' . Stars and Stripes . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Leslie Odom , Jr. to sing ' America The Beautiful ' at Super Bowl '' . National Football League . January 13 , 2018 . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Walsh , Paul ( January 15 , 2018 ) . `` Performer of ' America the Beautiful ' at Super Bowl LII is chosen '' . Minneapolis Star Tribune . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2018 . Retrieved January 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Wanshel , Elyse ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` This Is What Pink Spit Out Before The Super Bowl National Anthem '' . HuffPost . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Respers France , Lisa ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Pink defends Super Bowl performance '' . CNN . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl coin toss salute for Medal of Honor recipients '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 25 , 2018 . Retrieved January 26 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Nestel , M.L. ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` WWII Medal recipient does Super Bowl LII coin toss '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Justin Timberlake set for SB LII halftime show '' . ESPN . Associated Press . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Riemenschneider , Chris . `` No hologram , but still a Prince tribute in Justin Timberlake 's halftime show '' . Star Tribune . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rollins , Khadrice ( October 22 , 2017 ) . `` Justin Timberlake performing at Super Bowl LII halftime '' . Sports Illustrated . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` It 's Official : Justin Timberlake to Headline Super Bowl Halftime '' . Variety . October 22 , 2017 . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Justin Timberlake 's Botched Super Bowl Halftime Show Return Not Princely -- Review '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Sherman , Rodger . `` The Winners and Losers From Super Bowl LII '' . The Ringer . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Super Bowl LII Play By Play '' . NFL.com . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Breech , John ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Patriots 26 - yard field goal attempt ends with crazy miss '' . CBS Sports . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Felt , Hunter ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Eagles beat Patriots to win first title -- as it happened '' . The Guardian . Archived from the original on February 5 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Loumena , Dan ( February 4 , 2018 ) . `` Checking the stats at halftime '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stites , Adam ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` The Patriots and Eagles gave us the 2nd highest - scoring Super Bowl ever '' . SB Nation . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Tansey , Joe ( February 5 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Quarter - by - Quarter Score , Final Stats for Eagles vs. Patriots '' . Bleacher Report . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Kramer , Lindsay ( February 3 , 2018 ) . `` Super Bowl 2018 : Who are the officials ? '' . The Post-Standard . Archived from the original on February 4 , 2018 . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Super Bowl LII . Official website Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee Super Bowl NFL NFC Championship AFC Championship Football Games 1960s I ( 1967 ) II ( 1968 ) III ( 1969 ) 1970s IV ( 1970 ) V ( 1971 ) VI ( 1972 ) VII ( 1973 ) VIII ( 1974 ) IX ( 1975 ) X ( 1976 ) XI ( 1977 ) XII ( 1978 ) XIII ( 1979 ) 1980s XIV ( 1980 ) XV ( 1981 ) XVI ( 1982 ) XVII ( 1983 ) XVIII ( 1984 ) XIX ( 1985 ) XX ( 1986 ) XXI ( 1987 ) XXII ( 1988 ) XXIII ( 1989 ) 1990s XXIV ( 1990 ) XXV ( 1991 ) XXVI ( 1992 ) XXVII ( 1993 ) XXVIII ( 1994 ) XXIX ( 1995 ) XXX ( 1996 ) XXXI ( 1997 ) XXXII ( 1998 ) XXXIII ( 1999 ) 2000s XXXIV ( 2000 ) XXXV ( 2001 ) XXXVI ( 2002 ) XXXVII ( 2003 ) XXXVIII ( 2004 ) XXXIX ( 2005 ) XL ( 2006 ) XLI ( 2007 ) XLII ( 2008 ) XLIII ( 2009 ) 2010s XLIV ( 2010 ) XLV ( 2011 ) XLVI ( 2012 ) XLVII ( 2013 ) XLVIII ( 2014 ) XLIX ( 2015 ) 50 ( 2016 ) LI ( 2017 ) LII ( 2018 ) LIII ( 2019 ) 2020s LIV ( 2020 ) LV ( 2021 ) LVI ( 2022 ) LVII ( 2023 ) People Champions Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions Head coaches Active head coach history Quarterbacks Officials Awards , trophies , records Super Bowl ring Vince Lombardi Trophy Most Valuable Players Records Broadcast and production National anthem Halftime Commercials USA Today Ad Meter Adbowl List Broadcast Network broadcasters Counterprogramming Lead - out programming Television ratings Super Bowl Sunday Curse Philadelphia Eagles Super Bowl LII champions 4 Jake Elliott 6 Caleb Sturgis 7 Nate Sudfeld 8 Donnie Jones 9 Nick Foles ( MVP ) 10 Mack Hollins 11 Carson Wentz 13 Nelson Agholor 14 Marcus Johnson 16 Bryce Treggs 17 Alshon Jeffery 18 Shelton Gibson 19 Rashard Davis 21 Patrick Robinson 22 Sidney Jones 23 Rodney McLeod 24 Corey Graham 26 Jaylen Watkins 27 Malcolm Jenkins 28 Wendell Smallwood 29 LeGarrette Blount 30 Corey Clement 31 Jalen Mills 32 Rasul Douglas 33 De'Vante Bausby 34 Donnel Pumphrey 35 D.J. Killings 36 Jay Ajayi 38 Kenjon Barner 39 Harold Jones - Quartey 41 Ronald Darby 42 Chris Maragos 43 Darren Sproles 45 Rick Lovato 47 Nathan Gerry 49 Tre Sullivan 50 Bryan Braman 51 Steven Means 52 Najee Goode 53 Nigel Bradham 54 Kamu Grugier - Hill 55 Brandon Graham 56 Chris Long 57 Dannell Ellerbe 58 Jordan Hicks 59 Joe Walker 61 Stefen Wisniewski 62 Jason Kelce 65 Lane Johnson 66 Will Beatty 67 Chance Warmack 68 Josh Andrews 71 Jason Peters 72 Halapoulivaati Vaitai 73 Isaac Seumalo 75 Vinny Curry 78 Darrell Greene 79 Brandon Brooks 82 Torrey Smith 85 Billy Brown 86 Zach Ertz 87 Brent Celek 88 Trey Burton 89 Greg Ward Jr . 91 Fletcher Cox 93 Timmy Jernigan 94 Beau Allen 95 Mychal Kendricks 96 Derek Barnett 97 Destiny Vaeao 98 Elijah Qualls Randall Goforth Aziz Shittu Dom Williams Head coach : Doug Pederson Coaches : Eugene Chung Phillip Daniels John DeFilippo Dave Fipp Ken Flajole Keith Gray Mike Groh Matthew Harper Tim Hauck Josh Hingst Shaun Huls Trent Miles Ryan Paganetti T.J. 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NFL World Championship Games ( 1966 -- 1969 ) 1966 ( I ) 1967 ( II ) 1968 ( III ) 1969 ( IV ) Super Bowl ( 1970 -- present ) 1970 ( V ) 1971 ( VI ) 1972 ( VII ) 1973 ( VIII ) 1974 ( IX ) 1975 ( X ) 1976 ( XI ) 1977 ( XII ) 1978 ( XIII ) 1979 ( XIV ) 1980 ( XV ) 1981 ( XVI ) 1982 ( XVII ) 1983 ( XVIII ) 1984 ( XIX ) 1985 ( XX ) 1986 ( XXI ) 1987 ( XXII ) 1988 ( XXIII ) 1989 ( XXIV ) 1990 ( XXV ) 1991 ( XXVI ) 1992 ( XXVII ) 1993 ( XXVIII ) 1994 ( XXIX ) 1995 ( XXX ) 1996 ( XXXI ) 1997 ( XXXII ) 1998 ( XXXIII ) 1999 ( XXXIV ) 2000 ( XXXV ) 2001 ( XXXVI ) 2002 ( XXXVII ) 2003 ( XXXVIII ) 2004 ( XXXIX ) 2005 ( XL ) 2006 ( XLI ) 2007 ( XLII ) 2008 ( XLIII ) 2009 ( XLIV ) 2010 ( XLV ) 2011 ( XLVI ) 2012 ( XLVII ) 2013 ( XLVIII ) 2014 ( XLIX ) 2015 ( 50 ) 2016 ( LI ) 2017 ( LII ) 1921 APFA de facto championship game 1925 NFL Championship controversy 1932 NFL Playoff Game NFL Championship broadcasters AFL Championship broadcasters Super Bowl champions Super Bowl Most Valuable Players Super Bowl records Super Bowl broadcasters Super Bowl officials Super Bowl halftime Super Bowl commercials Pre-Super Bowl NFL champions NFL playoffs ( Results ) AFL playoffs 1 -- From 1966 to 1969 , the first four Super Bowls were `` World Championship '' games played between two independent professional football leagues , AFL and NFL , and when the league merged in 1970 the Super Bowl became the NFL Championship Game . 2 -- Dates in the list denote the season , not the calendar year in which the championship game was played . For instance , Super Bowl XLI was played in 2007 , but was the championship for the 2006 season . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where is the super bowl being played at this year | ['Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13]'] | ['U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota'] | Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl[10] and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[11] This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season,[12] and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city.[13] |
[question]: What was the final score of Super Bowl LII?
[answer]: The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | What was the final score of Super Bowl LII? | The final score of Super Bowl LII was 41-33, with the Philadelphia Eagles defeating the New England Patriots. | 1 | 7.389595 | 18 | 117 | 1 |
28,127 | 4,459,594,217,601,947,000 | Promissory note | Promissory note - wikipedia Promissory note Jump to : navigation , search A 1926 Promissory Note from the Imperial Bank of India , Rangoon , Burma for 20,000 rupees plus interest A promissory note , sometimes referred to as a note payable , is a legal instrument ( more particularly , a financial instrument and a debt instrument ) , in which one party ( the maker or issuer ) promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other ( the payee ) , either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee , under specific terms . If the promissory note is unconditional and readily saleable , it is called a negotiable instrument . The term note payable is commonly used in accounting ( as distinguished from accounts payable ) or commonly as just a `` note '' , it is internationally defined by the Convention providing a uniform law for bills of exchange and promissory notes , but regional variations exist . A banknote is frequently referred to as a promissory note , as it is made by a bank and payable to bearer on demand . Mortgage notes are another prominent example . Contents ( hide ) 1 Overview 1.1 International law 1.2 United States law 1.3 British law 2 History 3 Difference from IOU 4 Difference from loan contract 5 Negotiability 6 See also 7 References Overview ( edit ) Promissory notes are a common financial instrument in many jurisdictions , employed principally for short time financing of companies . Often , the seller or provider of a service is not paid upfront by the buyer ( usually , another company ) , but within a period of time , the length of which has been agreed upon by both the seller and the buyer . The reasons for this may vary ; historically , many companies used to balance their books and execute payments and debts at the end of each week or tax month ; any product bought before that time would be paid only then . Depending on the jurisdiction , this deferred payment period can be regulated by law ; in countries like France , Italy or Spain , it usually ranges between 30 and 90 days after the purchase . When a company engages in many of such transactions , for instance by having provided services to many customers all of whom then deferred their payment , it is possible that the company may be owed enough money that its own liquidity position ( i.e. , the amount of cash it holds ) is hampered , and finds itself unable to honour their own debts , despite the fact that by the books , the company remains solvent . In those cases , the company has the option of asking the bank for a short term loan , or using any other such short term financial arrangements to avoid insolvency . However , in jurisdictions where promissory notes are commonplace , the company ( called the payee or lender ) can ask one of its debtors ( called the maker , borrower or payor ) to accept a promissory note , whereby the maker signs a legally binding agreement to honour the amount established in the promissory note ( usually , part or all its debt ) within the agreed period of time . The lender can then take the promissory note to a financial institution ( usually a bank , albeit this could also be a private person , or another company ) , that will exchange the promissory note for cash ; usually , the promissory note is cashed in for the amount established in the promissory note , less a small discount . Once the promissory note reaches its maturity date , its current holder ( the bank ) can execute it over the emitter of the note ( the debtor ) , who would have to pay the bank the amount promised in the note . If the maker fails to pay , however , the bank retains the right to go to the company that cashed the promissory note in , and demand payment . In the case of unsecured promissory notes , the lender accepts the promissory note based solely on the maker 's ability to repay ; if the maker fails to pay , the lender must honour the debt to the bank . In the case of a secured promissory note , the lender accepts the promissory note based on the maker 's ability to repay , but the note is secured by a thing of value ; if the maker fails to pay and the bank reclaims payment , the lender has the right to execute the security . Thus , promissory notes can work as a form of private money . In the past , particularly during the 19th century , their widespread and unregulated use was a source of great risk for banks and private financiers , who would often face the insolvency of both debtors , or simply be scammed by both . The terms of a note usually include the principal amount , the interest rate if any , the parties , the date , the terms of repayment ( which could include interest ) and the maturity date . Sometimes , provisions are included concerning the payee 's rights in the event of a default , which may include foreclosure of the maker 's assets . Demand promissory notes are notes that do not carry a specific maturity date , but are due on demand of the lender . Usually the lender will only give the borrower a few days ' notice before the payment is due . For loans between individuals , writing and signing a promissory note are often instrumental for tax and record keeping . A promissory note alone is typically unsecured , but these may be used in combination with security agreements such as mortgage , in which case they are called mortgage notes . International law ( edit ) Definition and usage of promissory notes are internationally established by the Convention providing a uniform law for bills of exchange and promissory notes , signed in Geneva in 1930 . Article 75 of the treaty stated that a promissory note shall contain : the term `` promissory note '' inserted in the body of the instrument and expressed in the language employed in drawing up the instrument an unconditional promise to pay a determinate sum of money ; a statement of the time of payment ; a statement of the place where payment is to be made ; the name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be made ; a statement of the date and of the place where the promissory note is issued ; the signature of the person who issues the instrument ( maker ) . United States law ( edit ) A promissory note issued by the Second Bank of the United States , December 15 , 1840 , for the amount of $1,000 In the United States , a promissory note that meets certain conditions is a negotiable instrument regulated by article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code . Negotiable promissory notes called mortgage notes are used extensively in combination with mortgages in the financing of real estate transactions . One prominent example is the Fannie Mae model standard form contract Multistate Fixed - Rate Note 3200 , which is publicly available . Promissory notes , or commercial papers , are also issued to provide capital to businesses . However , Promissory Notes act as a source of Finance to the company 's creditors . The various State law enactments of the Uniform Commercial Code define what is and what is not a promissory note , in section 3 - 104 ( d ) : `` § 3 - 104 . NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT . ... ( d ) A promise or order other than a check is not an instrument if , at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder , it contains a conspicuous statement , however expressed , to the effect that the promise or order is not negotiable or is not an instrument governed by this Article . '' Thus , a writing containing such a disclaimer removes such a writing from the definition of negotiable instrument , instead simply memorializing a contract . British law ( edit ) `` § 83 . BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882 . Part IV . ... Promissory note defined ( 1 ) A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker , engaging to pay , on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time , a sum certain in money , to , or to the order of , a specified person or to bearer . ( 2 ) An instrument in the form of a note payable to maker 's order is not a note within the meaning of this section unless and until it is indorsed by the maker . ( 3 ) A note is not invalid by reason only that it contains also a pledge of collateral security with authority to sell or dispose thereof . ( 4 ) A note which is , or on the face of it purports to be , both made and payable within the British Islands is an inland note . Any other note is a foreign note . '' History ( edit ) File : SUD - S106a - Siege of Khartoum - 500 Piastres ( 1884 ). jpg 500 piastre promissory note issued and hand - signed by Gen. Gordon during the Siege of Khartoum ( 1884 ) payable six months from the date of issue . Historically , promissory notes have acted as a form of privately issued currency . Flying cash or feiqian was a promissory note used during the Tang dynasty ( 618 -- 907 ) . Flying cash was regularly used by Chinese tea merchants , and could be exchanged for hard currency at provincial capitals . The Chinese concept of promissory notes was introduced by Marco Polo to Europe . According to tradition , in 1325 a promissory note was signed in Milan . However , according to a travelogue of a visit to Prague in 960 by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub , small pieces of cloth were used as a means of trade , with these cloths having a set exchange rate versus silver . There is evidence of promissory notes being issued in 1384 between Genoa and Barcelona , although the letters themselves are lost . The same happens for the ones issued in Valencia in 1371 by Bernat de Codinachs for Manuel d'Entença , a merchant from Huesca ( then part of the Crown of Aragon ) , amounting a total of 100 florins . In all these cases , the promissory notes were used as a rudimentary system of paper money , for the amounts issued could not be easily transported in metal coins between the cities involved . Ginaldo Giovanni Battista Strozzi issued an early form of promissory note in Medina del Campo ( Spain ) , against the city of Besançon in 1553 . However , there exists notice of promissory notes being in used in Mediterranean commerce well before that date . Difference from IOU ( edit ) Promissory notes differ from IOUs in that they contain a specific promise to pay along with the steps and timeline for repayment as well as consequences if repayment fails . IOUs only acknowledge that a debt exists . In common speech , other terms , such as `` loan '' , `` loan agreement '' , and `` loan contract '' may be used interchangeably with `` promissory note '' but a loan agreement or contract will typically be more detailed than a promissory note . Difference from loan contract ( edit ) A promissory note is very similar to a loan . Each is a legally binding contract to unconditionally repay a specified amount within a defined time frame . However , a promissory note is generally less detailed and rigid than a loan contract . For one thing , loan agreements often require repayment in installments , while promissory notes typically do not . Furthermore , a loan agreement usually includes the terms for recourse in the case of default , such as establishing the right to foreclose , while a promissory note does not . Also , while a loan agreement requires signatures from both the borrower and the lender , a promissory note only requires the signature of the borrower . Negotiability ( edit ) Negotiable instruments are unconditional and impose few to no duties on the issuer or payee other than payment . In the United States , whether a promissory note is a negotiable instrument can have significant legal impacts , as only negotiable instruments are subject to Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code and the application of the holder in due course rule . The negotiability of mortgage notes has been debated , particularly due to the obligations and `` baggage '' associated with mortgages ; however , in mortgages notes are often determined to be negotiable instruments . In the United States , the Non-Negotiable Long Form Promissory Note is not required . See also ( edit ) ( I.a ) CONVENTION portant loi uniforme sur les lettres de change et billets a ordre ( Société des Nations , 0.221. 554.1 ) ( I.b ) CONVENTION portant loi uniforme sur les lettres de change et billets a ordre ( II . ) CONVENTION destinée a régler certains conflits de lois en matiere de lettres de change et de billets a ordre ( III . ) CONVENTION relative au droit de timbre en matiere de lettres de change et de billets a ordre Look up promissory note in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Promissory notes . Bond ( finance ) Credit card Government bond Letter of credit Notes receivable Student loan Warrant ( of Payment ) References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Whaley DJ. ( 2012 ) . Mortgage Foreclosures , Promissory Notes , and the Uniform Commercial Code . Western State University Law Review . LexisNexis entry Jump up ^ http://www.lesclesdelabanque.com/Web/Cdb/Entrepreneurs/Content.nsf/DocumentsByIDWeb/7PUHXY?OpenDocument Jump up ^ http://homebuying.about.com/od/glossaryp/g/Prom_Note.htm Jump up ^ https://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/promise.htm Jump up ^ The Promissory Note . ExpertLaw.com . Jump up ^ `` Convention Providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes '' . UiO . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Notes '' . FannieMae . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Jump up ^ Cuhaj , George S. , ed. ( 2009 ) . Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues ( 11 ed . ) . Krause . pp. 1069 -- 70 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4402 - 0450 - 0 . Jump up ^ William N. Goetzmann ; K. Geert Rouwenhorst ( 2005 ) . The Origins of Value : The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets . Oxford University Press . p. 68 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 517571 - 4 . Jump up ^ Marco Polo ( 1818 ) . The Travels of Marco Polo , a Venetian , in the Thirteenth Century : Being a Description , by that Early Traveller , of Remarkable Places and Things , in the Eastern Parts of the World . pp. 353 -- 355 . Retrieved 19 September 2012 . Jump up ^ Jankowiak , Marek . Dirhams for slaves . Medieval Seminar , All Souls , 2012 , p. 8 Jump up ^ As noted by Manuel Sanchis Guarner in La Ciutat de València . Ajuntament de València , València . Cinquena Edició 1989 , plana 172 . Quote in Catalan Onorables senyors , nosaltres havem pres ací en Monsó , C florins de cambi de mossén Manuel d'Entença ... , vos plàcia complir e donar aquí en València , per ell al honrat En Bernat de Codinachs , vista la present . Per la lletra que us enviam , vos fem saber aquells havíem ops . Plàtia - us , senyors , aquest cambi aja bon compliment . Jump up ^ `` La primera Letra de Cambio '' . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . Jump up ^ Beattie , Andrew . `` Promissory Notes : Not Your Average IOU '' . Investopedia . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` IOU '' . Investopedia . Investopedia , LLC . Retrieved 23 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Promisary Note Comparison Guide '' ( PDF ) . LegalZoom . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Promissory Notes and Loan Agreements '' . LoanBack . LoanBack Inc. 21 Feb 2011 . Retrieved 23 May 2017 . Jump up ^ Promissory Note Definition , Investopedia.com Jump up ^ Difference Between a Promissory Note & a Loan Agreement , Promissorynotetemplates.org Jump up ^ `` Non-Negotiable Long Form Promissory Note '' . Retrieved 27 May 2014 . GND : 4189324 - 4 NDL : 00988900 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Promissory_note&oldid=809297830 '' Categories : Personal finance Real estate Legal documents Negotiable instrument law Securities ( finance ) Interest - bearing instruments Hidden categories : Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Bosanski Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Qaraqalpaqsha Română Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Татарча / tatarça ไทย Тоҷикӣ Тыва дыл Українська اردو 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 November 2017 , at 07 : 53 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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About Wikipedia | what's the difference between a loan agreement and a promissory note | ['Promissory notes differ from IOUs in that they contain a specific promise to pay along with the steps and timeline for repayment as well as consequences if repayment fails.[15] IOUs only acknowledge that a debt exists.[16][17] In common speech, other terms, such as "loan", "loan agreement", and "loan contract" may be used interchangeably with "promissory note" but a loan agreement or contract will typically be more detailed than a promissory note.[18]'] | ['loan agreement or contract will typically be more detailed than a promissory note'] | Promissory notes differ from IOUs in that they contain a specific promise to pay along with the steps and timeline for repayment as well as consequences if repayment fails.[15] IOUs only acknowledge that a debt exists.[16][17] In common speech, other terms, such as "loan", "loan agreement", and "loan contract" may be used interchangeably with "promissory note" but a loan agreement or contract will typically be more detailed than a promissory note.[18] |
[question]: How does a promissory note differ from an IOU?
[answer]: A promissory note differs from an IOU in that it contains a specific promise to pay along with the steps and timeline for repayment as well as consequences if repayment fails, whereas an IOU only acknowledges that a debt exists. | How does a promissory note differ from an IOU? | A promissory note differs from an IOU in that it contains a specific promise to pay along with the steps and timeline for repayment as well as consequences if repayment fails, whereas an IOU only acknowledges that a debt exists. | 1 | 7.368045 | 40 | 71 | 1 |
1,319 | 2,806,840,715,830,272,500 | RMS Titanic | RMS Titanic - wikipedia RMS Titanic Jump to : navigation , search `` Titanic '' redirects here . For the film by James Cameron , see Titanic ( 1997 film ) . For other uses , see Titanic ( disambiguation ) . RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912 History United Kingdom Name : RMS Titanic Owner : White Star Line Port of registry : Liverpool , UK Route : Southampton to New York City Ordered : 17 September 1908 Builder : Harland and Wolff , Belfast Cost : $7.5 million ( $300 million in 2017 ) Yard number : 401 Laid down : 31 March 1909 Launched : 31 May 1911 Completed : 2 April 1912 Maiden voyage : 10 April 1912 In service : 10 -- 15 April 1912 Identification : Radio call sign `` MGY '' Fate : Hit an iceberg 11 : 40 p.m. ( ship 's time ) 14 April 1912 on her maiden voyage and sank 2 h 40 min later Status : Wreck General characteristics Class and type : Olympic - class ocean liner Tonnage : 46,328 GRT Displacement : 52,310 tons Length : 882 ft 9 in ( 269.1 m ) Beam : 92 ft 6 in ( 28.2 m ) Height : 175 ft ( 53.3 m ) ( keel to top of funnels ) Draught : 34 ft 7 in ( 10.5 m ) Depth : 64 ft 6 in ( 19.7 m ) Decks : 9 ( A -- G ) Installed power : 24 double - ended and five single - ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers , and a low - pressure turbine for the centre propeller ; output : 46,000 HP Propulsion : Two three - blade wing propellers and one four - blade centre propeller Speed : Cruising : 21 kn ( 39 km / h ; 24 mph ) . Max : 24 kn ( 44 km / h ; 28 mph ) Capacity : Passengers : 2,435 , crew : 892 . Total : 3,327 ( or 3,547 according to other sources ) Notes : Lifeboats : 20 ( sufficient for 1,178 people ) RMS Titanic ( / taɪˈtænɪk / ) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912 , after it collided with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the ship , and more than 1,500 died , making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history . The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic - class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line . The Titanic was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast . Thomas Andrews , her architect , died in the disaster . Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith , who also went down with the ship . The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world , as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland , Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States . The first - class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury , with an on - board gymnasium , swimming pool , libraries , high - class restaurants and opulent cabins . A high - powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger `` marconigrams '' and for the ship 's operational use . Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors , there were not enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard , due to outdated maritime safety regulations . Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people -- slightly more than half of the number on board , and one third of her total capacity . After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912 , Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown ( now Cobh ) in Ireland before heading west to New York . On 14 April , four days into the crossing and about 375 miles ( 600 km ) south of Newfoundland , she hit an iceberg at 11 : 40 p.m. ship 's time . The collision caused the ship 's hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard ( right ) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea ; she could only survive four flooding . Meanwhile , passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats , many of which were launched only partially loaded . A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a `` women and children first '' protocol for loading lifeboats . At 2 : 20 a.m. , she broke apart and foundered -- with well over one thousand people still aboard . Just under two hours after the Titanic sank , the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived at the scene , where she brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors . The disaster was met with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that had led to it . Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety . One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) , which still governs maritime safety today . Additionally , several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications -- which could have saved many more passengers . The wreck of Titanic was first discovered in 1985 ( more than 70 years after the disaster ) , and the vessel remains on the seabed . The ship was split in two and is gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet ( 3,784 m ) . Since her discovery in 1985 , thousands of artefacts have been recovered and put on display at museums around the world . Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history ; her memory is kept alive by numerous works of popular culture , including books , folk songs , films , exhibits , and memorials . Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world , only beaten by her sister HMHS Britannic , the largest ever sunk . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Dimensions and layout 3 Features 3.1 Power 3.2 Technology 3.2. 1 Watertight compartments and funnels 3.2. 2 Rudder and steering engines 3.2. 3 Water , ventilation and heating 3.2. 4 Radio communications 3.3 Passenger facilities 3.4 Mail and cargo 3.5 Lifeboats 4 Building and preparing the ship 4.1 Construction , launch and fitting - out 4.2 Sea trials 5 Maiden voyage 5.1 Crew 5.2 Passengers 5.3 Collecting passengers 5.4 Atlantic crossing 5.5 Sinking 6 Aftermath of sinking 6.1 Arrival of Carpathia in New York 6.2 Insurance and aid for survivors 6.3 Investigations into the disaster 6.3. 1 Role of the SS Californian 6.4 Survivors and victims 6.5 Retrieval and burial of the dead 7 Wreck 8 Legacy 8.1 Safety 8.2 Cultural 9 Appendix 10 Titanic replicas 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 Bibliography 15 External links Background The name Titanic was derived from Greek mythology and meant gigantic . Built in Belfast , Ireland , in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( as it was then known ) , the RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic - class ocean liners -- the first was the RMS Olympic and the third was the HMHS Britannic . They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line 's fleet , which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912 . The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line 's chairman , J. Bruce Ismay , and the American financier J.P. Morgan , who controlled the White Star Line 's parent corporation , the International Mercantile Marine Co . ( IMM ) . The White Star Line faced an increasing challenge from its main rivals Cunard , which had recently launched the Lusitania and the Mauretania -- the fastest passenger ships then in service -- and the German lines Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd . Ismay preferred to compete on size rather than speed and proposed to commission a new class of liners that would be larger than anything that had gone before as well as being the last word in comfort and luxury . The company sought an upgrade in their fleet primarily in response to the Cunard giants but also to replace their oldest pair of passenger ships still in service , being the SS Teutonic of 1889 and SS Majestic of 1890 . Teutonic was replaced by Olympic while Majestic was replaced by Titanic . Majestic would be brought back into her old spot on White Star 's New York service after Titanic 's loss . The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff , who had a long - established relationship with the White Star Line dating back to 1867 . Harland and Wolff were given a great deal of latitude in designing ships for the White Star Line ; the usual approach was for the latter to sketch out a general concept which the former would take away and turn into a ship design . Cost considerations were relatively low on the agenda and Harland and Wolff was authorised to spend what it needed on the ships , plus a five percent profit margin . In the case of the Olympic - class ships , a cost of £ 3 million ( £ 250 million in 2015 money ) for the first two ships was agreed plus `` extras to contract '' and the usual five percent fee . Harland and Wolff put their leading designers to work designing the Olympic - class vessels . The design was overseen by Lord Pirrie , a director of both Harland and Wolff and the White Star Line ; naval architect Thomas Andrews , the managing director of Harland and Wolff 's design department ; Edward Wilding , Andrews ' deputy and responsible for calculating the ship 's design , stability and trim ; and Alexander Carlisle , the shipyard 's chief draughtsman and general manager . Carlisle 's responsibilities included the decorations , equipment and all general arrangements , including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design . On 29 July 1908 , Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives . Ismay approved the design and signed three `` letters of agreement '' two days later , authorising the start of construction . At this point the first ship -- which was later to become Olympic -- had no name , but was referred to simply as `` Number 400 '' , as it was Harland and Wolff 's four hundredth hull . Titanic was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401 . Dimensions and layout Titanic in 1912 Titanic was 882 feet 9 inches ( 269.06 m ) long with a maximum breadth of 92 feet 6 inches ( 28.19 m ) . Her total height , measured from the base of the keel to the top of the bridge , was 104 feet ( 32 m ) . She measured 46,328 gross register tons and with a draught of 34 feet 7 inches ( 10.54 m ) , she displaced 52,310 tons . All three of the Olympic - class ships had ten decks ( excluding the top of the officers ' quarters ) , eight of which were for passenger use . From top to bottom , the decks were : The Boat Deck , on which the lifeboats were housed . It was from here during the early hours of 15 April 1912 that Titanic 's lifeboats were lowered into the North Atlantic . The bridge and wheelhouse were at the forward end , in front of the captain 's and officers ' quarters . The bridge stood 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) above the deck , extending out to either side so that the ship could be controlled while docking . The wheelhouse stood directly behind and above the bridge . The entrance to the First Class Grand Staircase and gymnasium were located midships along with the raised roof of the First Class lounge , while at the rear of the deck were the roof of the First Class smoke room and the relatively modest Second Class entrance . The wood - covered deck was divided into four segregated promenades : for officers , First Class passengers , engineers , and Second Class passengers respectively . Lifeboats lined the side of the deck except in the First Class area , where there was a gap so that the view would not be spoiled . A Deck , also called the Promenade Deck , extended along the entire 546 feet ( 166 m ) length of the superstructure . It was reserved exclusively for First Class passengers and contained First Class cabins , the First Class lounge , smoke room , reading and writing rooms and Palm Court . B Deck , the Bridge Deck , was the top weight - bearing deck and the uppermost level of the hull . More First Class passenger accommodations were located here with six palatial staterooms ( cabins ) featuring their own private promenades . On Titanic , the À La Carte Restaurant and the Café Parisien provided luxury dining facilities to First Class passengers . Both were run by subcontracted chefs and their staff ; all were lost in the disaster . The Second Class smoking room and entrance hall were both located on this deck . The raised forecastle of the ship was forward of the Bridge Deck , accommodating Number 1 hatch ( the main hatch through to the cargo holds ) , numerous pieces of machinery and the anchor housings . Aft of the Bridge Deck was the raised Poop Deck , 106 feet ( 32 m ) long , used as a promenade by Third Class passengers . It was where many of Titanic 's passengers and crew made their last stand as the ship sank . The forecastle and Poop Deck were separated from the Bridge Deck by well decks . C Deck , the Shelter Deck , was the highest deck to run uninterrupted from stem to stern . It included both well decks ; the aft one served as part of the Third Class promenade . Crew cabins were housed below the forecastle and Third Class public rooms were housed below the Poop Deck . In between were the majority of First Class cabins and the Second Class library . D Deck , the Saloon Deck , was dominated by three large public rooms -- the First Class Reception Room , the First Class Dining Saloon and the Second Class Dining Saloon . An open space was provided for Third Class passengers . First , Second and Third Class passengers had cabins on this deck , with berths for firemen located in the bow . It was the highest level reached by the ship 's watertight bulkheads ( though only by eight of the fifteen bulkheads ) . E Deck , the Upper Deck , was predominantly used for passenger accommodation for all three classes plus berths for cooks , seamen , stewards and trimmers . Along its length ran a long passageway nicknamed Scotland Road , in reference to a famous street in Liverpool . Scotland Road was used by Third Class passengers and crew members . F Deck , the Middle Deck , was the last complete deck and mainly accommodated Second and Third Class passengers and several departments of the crew . The Third Class dining saloon was located here , as were the swimming pool and Turkish bath . G Deck , the Lower Deck , was the lowest complete deck that carried passengers , and had the lowest portholes , just above the waterline . The squash court was located here along with the traveling post office where letters and parcels were sorted ready for delivery when the ship docked . Food was also stored here . The deck was interrupted at several points by orlop ( partial ) decks over the boiler , engine and turbine rooms . The Orlop Decks and the Tank Top below that were on the lowest level of the ship , below the waterline . The orlop decks were used as cargo spaces , while the Tank Top -- the inner bottom of the ship 's hull -- provided the platform on which the ship 's boilers , engines , turbines and electrical generators were housed . This area of the ship was occupied by the engine and boiler rooms , areas which passengers would have been prohibited from seeing . They were connected with higher levels of the ship by flights of stairs ; twin spiral stairways near the bow provided access up to D Deck . Features Power Rudder with central and port wing propellers for scale note the man at bottom of the photo Titanic was equipped with three main engines -- two reciprocating four - cylinder , triple - expansion steam engines and one centrally placed low - pressure Parsons turbine -- each driving a propeller . The two reciprocating engines had a combined output of 30,000 hp and a further 16,000 hp was contributed by the turbine . The White Star Line had used the same combination of engines on an earlier liner , the SS Laurentic , where it had been a great success . It provided a good combination of performance and speed ; reciprocating engines by themselves were not powerful enough to propel an Olympic - class liner at the desired speeds , while turbines were sufficiently powerful but caused uncomfortable vibrations , a problem that affected the all - turbine Cunard liners Lusitania and Mauretania . By combining reciprocating engines with a turbine , fuel usage could be reduced and motive power increased , while using the same amount of steam . The two reciprocating engines were each 63 feet ( 19 m ) long and weighed 720 tons , with their bedplates contributing a further 195 tons . They were powered by steam produced in 29 boilers , 24 of which were double - ended and five single - ended , which contained a total of 159 furnaces . The boilers were 15 feet 9 inches ( 4.80 m ) in diameter and 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) long , each weighing 91.5 tons and capable of holding 48.5 tons of water . They were heated by burning coal , 6,611 tons of which could be carried in Titanic 's bunkers , with a further 1,092 tons in Hold 3 . The furnaces required over 600 tons of coal a day to be shovelled into them by hand , requiring the services of 176 firemen working around the clock . 100 tons of ash a day had to be disposed of by ejecting it into the sea . The work was relentless , dirty and dangerous , and although firemen were paid relatively generously there was a high suicide rate among those who worked in that capacity . Exhaust steam leaving the reciprocating engines was fed into the turbine , which was situated aft . From there it passed into a surface condenser , to increase the efficiency of the turbine and so that the steam could be condensed back into water and reused . The engines were attached directly to long shafts which drove the propellers . There were three , one for each engine ; the outer ( or wing ) propellers were the largest , each carrying three blades of manganese - bronze alloy with a total diameter of 23.5 feet ( 7.2 m ) . The middle propeller was slightly smaller at 17 feet ( 5.2 m ) in diameter , and could be stopped but not reversed . Titanic 's electrical plant was capable of producing more power than an average city power station of the time . Immediately aft of the turbine engine were four 400 kW steam - driven electric generators , used to provide electrical power to the ship , plus two 30 kW auxiliary generators for emergency use . Their location in the stern of the ship meant they remained operational until the last few minutes before the ship sank . Technology Watertight compartments and funnels The interiors of the Olympic - class ships were subdivided into 16 primary compartments divided by 15 bulkheads which extended well above the waterline . Eleven vertically closing watertight doors could seal off the compartments in the event of an emergency . The ship 's exposed decking was made of pine and teak , while interior ceilings were covered in painted granulated cork to combat condensation . Standing above the decks were four funnels , each painted buff with black tops , ( though only three were functional -- the last one was a dummy , installed for aesthetic purposes and also for kitchen ventilation ) -- and two masts , each 155 feet ( 47 m ) high , which supported derricks for working cargo . Rudder and steering engines Titanic 's rudder was so large -- at 78 feet 8 inches ( 23.98 m ) high and 15 feet 3 inches ( 4.65 m ) long , weighing over 100 tons -- that it required steering engines to move it . Two steam - powered steering engines were installed though only one was used at any one time , with the other one kept in reserve . They were connected to the short tiller through stiff springs , to isolate the steering engines from any shocks in heavy seas or during fast changes of direction . As a last resort , the tiller could be moved by ropes connected to two steam capstans . The capstans were also used to raise and lower the ship 's five anchors ( one port , one starboard , one in the centreline and two kedging anchors ) . Water , ventilation and heating The ship was equipped with her own waterworks , capable of heating and pumping water to all parts of the vessel via a complex network of pipes and valves . The main water supply was taken aboard while Titanic was in port , but in an emergency the ship could also distil fresh water from seawater , though this was not a straightforward process as the distillation plant quickly became clogged by salt deposits . A network of insulated ducts conveyed warm air , driven by electric fans , around the ship , and First Class cabins were fitted with additional electric heaters . Radio communications Marconi company receiving equipment for a 5 kilowatt ocean liner station . Titanic 's radiotelegraph equipment ( then known as wireless telegraphy ) was leased to the White Star Line by the Marconi International Marine Communication Company , which also supplied two of its employees , Jack Phillips and Harold Bride , as operators . The service maintained a 24 - hour schedule , primarily sending and receiving passenger telegrams , but also handling navigation messages including weather reports and ice warnings . The radio room was located on the Boat Deck , in the officers ' quarters . A soundproofed `` Silent Room '' , next to the operating room , housed loud equipment , including the transmitter and a motor - generator used for producing alternating currents . The operators ' living quarters were adjacent to the working office . The ship was equipped with a ' state of the art ' 5 kilowatt rotary spark - gap transmitter , operating under the radio callsign MGY , and communication was conducted in Morse code . This transmitter was one of the first Marconi installations to use a rotary spark gap , which gave Titanic a distinctive musical tone that could be readily distinguished from other signals . The transmitter was one of the most powerful in the world , and guaranteed to broadcast over a radius of 350 miles ( 563 km ) . An elevated T - antenna that spanned the length of the ship was used for transmitting and receiving . The normal operating frequency was 500 kHz ( 600 m wavelength ) , however the equipment could also operate on the `` short '' wavelength of 1000 kHz ( 300 m wavelength ) that was employed by smaller vessels with shorter antennas . Passenger facilities This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Further information : First class facilities of the RMS Titanic and Second and Third - Class Facilities on the RMS Titanic The passenger facilities aboard Titanic aimed to meet the highest standards of luxury . According to Titanic 's general arrangement plans , the ship could accommodate 833 First Class Passengers , 614 in Second Class and 1,006 in Third Class , for a total passenger capacity of 2,453 . In addition , her capacity for crew members exceeded 900 , as most documents of her original configuration have stated that her full carrying capacity for both passengers and crew was approximately 3,547 . Her interior design was a departure from that of other passenger liners , which had typically been decorated in the rather heavy style of a manor house or an English country house . Titanic was laid out in a much lighter style similar to that of contemporary high - class hotels -- the Ritz Hotel was a reference point -- with First Class cabins finished in the Empire style . A variety of other decorative styles , ranging from the Renaissance to Louis XV , were used to decorate cabins and public rooms in First and Second Class areas of the ship . The aim was to convey an impression that the passengers were in a floating hotel rather than a ship ; as one passenger recalled , on entering the ship 's interior a passenger would `` at once lose the feeling that we are on board ship , and seem instead to be entering the hall of some great house on shore '' . Among the more novel features available to first - class passengers was a 7 ft. deep saltwater swimming pool , a gymnasium , a squash court , and a Turkish bath which comprised electric bath , steam room , cool room , massage room , and hot room . First - class common rooms were impressive in scope and lavishly decorated . They included a Lounge in the style of the Palace of Versailles , an enormous Reception Room , a men 's Smoking Room , and a Reading and Writing Room . There was an À la Carte Restaurant in the style of the Ritz Hotel which was run as a concession by the famous Italian restaurateur Gaspare Gatti . A Café Parisien decorated in the style of a French sidewalk café , complete with ivy covered trellises and wicker furniture , was run as an annex to the restaurant . For an extra cost , first - class passengers could enjoy the finest French haute cuisine in the most luxurious of surroundings . There was also a Verandah Café where tea and light refreshments were served , that offered grand views of the ocean . At 114 ft. long X 92 ft. wide , the Dining Saloon on D - Deck was the largest room afloat and could seat almost 600 passengers at a time . Third Class ( commonly referred to as Steerage ) accommodations aboard Titanic were not as luxurious as First or Second Class , but even so were better than on many other ships of the time . They reflected the improved standards which the White Star Line had adopted for trans - Atlantic immigrant and lower - class travel . On most other North Atlantic passenger ships at the time , Third Class accommodations consisted of little more than open dormitories in the forward end of the vessels , in which hundreds of people were confined , often without adequate food or toilet facilities . The White Star Line had long since broken that mould . As seen aboard Titanic , all White Star Line passenger ships divided their Third Class accommodations into two sections , always at opposite ends of the vessel from one another . The established arrangement was that single men were quartered in the forward areas , while single women , married couples and families were quartered aft . In addition , while other ships provided only open berth sleeping arrangements , White Star Line vessels provided their Third Class passengers with private , small but comfortable cabins capable of accommodating two , four , six , eight and 10 passengers . Third Class accommodations also included their own dining rooms , as well as public gathering areas including adequate open deck space , which aboard Titanic comprised the Poop Deck at the stern , the forward and aft well decks , and a large open space on D Deck which could be used as a social hall . This was supplemented by the addition of a smoking room for men and a General Room on C Deck which women could use for reading and writing . Although they were not as glamorous in design as spaces seen in upper class accommodations , they were still far above average for the period . Leisure facilities were provided for all three classes to pass the time . As well as making use of the indoor amenities such as the library , smoking rooms , and gymnasium , it was also customary for passengers to socialise on the open deck , promenading or relaxing in hired deck chairs or wooden benches . A passenger list was published before the sailing to inform the public which members of the great and good were on board , and it was not uncommon for ambitious mothers to use the list to identify rich bachelors to whom they could introduce their marriageable daughters during the voyage . One of Titanic 's most distinctive features was her First Class staircase , known as the Grand Staircase or Grand Stairway . Built of solid English oak with a sweeping curve , the staircase descended through seven decks of the ship , between the Boat Deck to E deck , before terminating in a simplified single flight on F Deck . It was capped with a dome of wrought iron and glass that admitted natural light to the stairwell . Each landing off the staircase gave access to ornate entrance halls paneled in the William & Mary style and lit by ormolu and crystal light fixtures . At the uppermost landing was a large carved wooden panel containing a clock , with figures of `` Honour and Glory Crowning Time '' flanking the clock face . The Grand Staircase was destroyed during the sinking and is now just a void in the ship which modern explorers have used to access the lower decks . During the filming of James Cameron 's Titanic in 1997 , his replica of the Grand Staircase was ripped from its foundations by the force of the inrushing water on the set . It has been suggested that during the real event , the entire Grand Staircase was ejected upwards through the dome . The gymnasium on the Boat Deck , which was equipped with the latest exercise machines The famous Grand Staircase , which connected Boat Deck and E Deck Swimming Pool on the Titanic Mail and cargo La Circassienne au Bain ; the most highly valued item of cargo lost on the Titanic . Although Titanic was primarily a passenger liner , she also carried a substantial amount of cargo . Her designation as a Royal Mail Ship ( RMS ) indicated that she carried mail under contract with the Royal Mail ( and also for the United States Post Office Department ) . For the storage of letters , parcels and specie ( bullion , coins and other valuables ) , 26,800 cubic feet ( 760 m ) of space in her holds was allocated . The Sea Post Office on G Deck was manned by five postal clerks ; three Americans and two Britons , who worked 13 hours a day , seven days a week sorting up to 60,000 items daily . The ship 's passengers brought with them a huge amount of baggage ; another 19,455 cubic feet ( 550.9 m ) was taken up by first - and second - class baggage . In addition , there was a considerable quantity of regular cargo , ranging from furniture to foodstuffs and even motor cars . Despite later myths , the cargo on Titanic 's maiden voyage was fairly mundane ; there was no gold , exotic minerals or diamonds , and one of the more famous items lost in the shipwreck , a jewelled copy of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam , was valued at only £ 405 ( £ 36,200 today ) . According to the claims for compensation filed with Commissioner Gilchrist , following the conclusion of the Senate Inquiry , the single most highly valued item of luggage or cargo was a large neoclassical oil painting entitled La Circassienne au Bain by French artist Merry - Joseph Blondel . The painting 's owner , first class passenger Mauritz Håkan Björnström - Steffansson , filed a claim for $100,000 ( $2.4 million equivalent in 2014 ) in compensation for the loss of the artwork . Titanic was equipped with eight electric cranes , four electric winches and three steam winches to lift cargo and baggage in and out of the hold . It is estimated that the ship used some 415 tons of coal whilst in Southampton , simply generating steam to operate the cargo winches and provide heat and light . Lifeboats Main article : Lifeboats of the RMS Titanic A collapsible lifeboat with canvas sides Titanic carried a total of 20 lifeboats : 14 standard wooden Harland and Wolff lifeboats with a capacity of 65 people each and four Englehardt `` collapsible '' ( wooden bottom , collapsible canvas sides ) lifeboats ( identified as A to D ) with a capacity of 47 people each . In addition , she had two emergency cutters with a capacity of 40 people each . Olympic herself did not even carry the four collapsibles A -- D during the 1911 -- 12 season . All of the lifeboats were stowed securely on the boat deck and , except for collapsible lifeboats A and B , connected to davits by ropes . Those on the starboard side were odd - numbered 1 -- 15 from bow to stern , while those on the port side were even - numbered 2 -- 16 from bow to stern . Both cutters were kept swung out , hanging from the davits , ready for immediate use , while collapsible lifeboats C and D were stowed on the boat deck ( connected to davits ) immediately inboard of boats 1 and 2 respectively . A and B were stored on the roof of the officers ' quarters , on either side of number 1 funnel . There were no davits to lower them and their weight would make them difficult to launch by hand . Each boat carried ( among other things ) food , water , blankets , and a spare life belt . Lifeline ropes on the boats ' sides enabled them to save additional people from the water if necessary . Titanic had 16 sets of davits , each able to handle four lifeboats . This gave Titanic the ability to carry up to 64 wooden lifeboats which would have been enough for 4,000 people -- considerably more than her actual capacity . However , the White Star Line decided that only 16 wooden lifeboats and four collapsibles would be carried , which could accommodate 1,178 people , only one - third of Titanic 's total capacity . At the time , the Board of Trade 's regulations required British vessels over 10,000 tons to only carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 990 occupants . Therefore , the White Star Line actually provided more lifeboat accommodation than was legally required . At the time , lifeboats were intended to ferry survivors from a sinking ship to a rescuing ship -- not keep afloat the whole population or power them to shore . Had the SS Californian responded to Titanic 's distress calls , the lifeboats may have been adequate to ferry the passengers to safety as planned . Building and preparing the ship Construction , launch and fitting - out Play media Titanic Disaster -- Genuine Footage ( 1911 -- 1912 ) The sheer size of Titanic and her sister ships posed a major engineering challenge for Harland and Wolff ; no shipbuilder had ever before attempted to construct vessels this size . The ships were constructed on Queen 's Island , now known as the Titanic Quarter , in Belfast Harbour . Harland and Wolff had to demolish three existing slipways and build two new ones , the largest ever constructed up to that time , to accommodate both ships . Their construction was facilitated by an enormous gantry built by Sir William Arrol & Co. , a Scottish firm responsible for the building of the Forth Bridge and London 's Tower Bridge . The Arrol Gantry stood 228 feet ( 69 m ) high , was 270 feet ( 82 m ) wide and 840 feet ( 260 m ) long , and weighed more than 6,000 tons . It accommodated a number of mobile cranes . A separate floating crane , capable of lifting 200 tons , was brought in from Germany . The construction of Olympic and Titanic took place virtually in parallel , with Olympic 's keel laid down first on 16 December 1908 and Titanic 's on 31 March 1909 . Both ships took about 26 months to build and followed much the same construction process . They were designed essentially as an enormous floating box girder , with the keel acting as a backbone and the frames of the hull forming the ribs . At the base of the ships , a double bottom 5 feet 3 inches ( 1.60 m ) deep supported 300 frames , each between 24 inches ( 61 cm ) and 36 inches ( 91 cm ) apart and measuring up to about 66 feet ( 20 m ) long . They terminated at the bridge deck ( B Deck ) and were covered with steel plates which formed the outer skin of the ships . The 2,000 hull plates were single pieces of rolled steel plate , mostly up to 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) wide and 30 feet ( 9.1 m ) long and weighing between 2.5 and 3 tons . Their thickness varied from 1 inch ( 2.5 cm ) to 1.5 inches ( 3.8 cm ) . The plates were laid in a clinkered ( overlapping ) fashion from the keel to the bilge . Above that point they were laid in the `` in and out '' fashion , where strake plating was applied in bands ( the `` in strakes '' ) with the gaps covered by the `` out strakes '' , overlapping on the edges . Commercial oxy - fuel and electric arc welding methods , ubiquitous in fabrication today , were still in their infancy ; like most other iron and steel structures of the era , the hull was held together with over three million iron and steel rivets , which by themselves weighed over 1,200 tons . They were fitted using hydraulic machines or were hammered in by hand . In the 1990s some material scientists concluded that the steel plate used for the ship was subject to being especially brittle when cold , and that this brittleness exacerbated the impact damage and hastened the sinking . It is believed that , by the standards of the time , the steel plate 's quality was good , not faulty , but that it was inferior to what would be used for shipbuilding purposes in later decades , owing to advances in the metallurgy of steelmaking . As for the rivets , considerable emphasis has also been placed on their quality and strength . One of the last items to be fitted on Titanic before the ship 's launch was her two side anchors and one centre anchor . The anchors themselves were a challenge to make with the centre anchor being the largest ever forged by hand and weighing nearly 16 tons . Twenty Clydesdale draught horses were needed to haul the centre anchor by wagon from the Noah Hingley & Sons Ltd forge shop in Netherton , near Dudley , United Kingdom to the Dudley railway station two miles away . From there it was shipped by rail to Fleetwood in Lancashire before being loaded aboard a ship and sent to Belfast . The work of constructing the ships was difficult and dangerous . For the 15,000 men who worked at Harland and Wolff at the time , safety precautions were rudimentary at best ; a lot of the work was dangerous and was carried out without any safety equipment like hard hats or hand guards on machinery . As a result , deaths and injuries were to be expected . During Titanic 's construction , 246 injuries were recorded , 28 of them `` severe '' , such as arms severed by machines or legs crushed under falling pieces of steel . Six people died on the ship herself while she was being constructed and fitted out , and another two died in the shipyard workshops and sheds . Just before the launch a worker was killed when a piece of wood fell on him . Titanic was launched at 12 : 15 p.m. on 31 May 1911 in the presence of Lord Pirrie , J. Pierpoint Morgan , J. Bruce Ismay and 100,000 onlookers. 22 tons of soap and tallow were spread on the slipway to lubricate the ship 's passage into the River Lagan . In keeping with the White Star Line 's traditional policy , the ship was not formally named or christened with champagne . The ship was towed to a fitting - out berth where , over the course of the next year , her engines , funnels and superstructure were installed and her interior was fitted out . Although Titanic was virtually identical to the class 's lead ship Olympic , a few changes were made to distinguish both ships . The most noticeable of these was that Titanic ( and the third vessel in class , Britannic ) had a steel screen with sliding windows installed along the forward half of the A Deck promenade . This was installed as a last minute change at the personal request of Bruce Ismay , and was intended to provide additional shelter to first class passengers . These changes made Titanic slightly heavier than her sister , and thus she could claim to be the largest ship afloat . The work took longer than expected due to design changes requested by Ismay and a temporary pause in work occasioned by the need to repair Olympic , which had been in a collision in September 1911 . Had Titanic been finished earlier , she might well have missed her collision with an iceberg . Construction in gantry , 1909 -- 11 Launch , 1911 ( unfinished superstructure ) Fitting - out , 1911 -- 12 Sea trials RMS Titanic leaving Belfast for her sea trials on 2 April 1912 Titanic 's sea trials began at 6 a.m. on Tuesday , 2 April 1912 , just two days after her fitting out was finished and eight days before she was due to leave Southampton on her maiden voyage . The trials were delayed for a day due to bad weather , but by Monday morning it was clear and fair . Aboard were 78 stokers , greasers and firemen , and 41 members of crew . No domestic staff appear to have been aboard . Representatives of various companies travelled on Titanic 's sea trials , Thomas Andrews and Edward Wilding of Harland and Wolff and Harold A. Sanderson of IMM . Bruce Ismay and Lord Pirrie were too ill to attend . Jack Phillips and Harold Bride served as radio operators , and performed fine - tuning of the Marconi equipment . Francis Carruthers , a surveyor from the Board of Trade , was also present to see that everything worked , and that the ship was fit to carry passengers . The sea trials consisted of a number of tests of her handling characteristics , carried out first in Belfast Lough and then in the open waters of the Irish Sea . Over the course of about 12 hours , Titanic was driven at different speeds , the turning ability was tested and a `` crash stop '' was performed in which the engines were reversed full ahead to full astern , bringing her to a stop in 850 yd ( 777 m ) or 3 minutes and 15 seconds . The ship covered a distance of about 80 nautical miles ( 92 mi ; 150 km ) , averaging 18 knots ( 21 mph ; 33 km / h ) and reaching a maximum speed of just under 21 knots ( 24 mph ; 39 km / h ) . On returning to Belfast at about 7 p.m. , the surveyor signed an `` Agreement and Account of Voyages and Crew '' , valid for 12 months , which declared the ship seaworthy . An hour later , Titanic departed Belfast to head to Southampton , a voyage of about 570 nautical miles ( 660 mi ; 1,060 km ) . After a journey lasting about 28 hours and arrived about midnight on 4 April and was towed to the port 's Berth 44 , ready for the arrival of her passengers and the remainder of her crew . Maiden voyage Both Olympic and Titanic registered Liverpool as their home port . The offices of the White Star Line as well as Cunard were in Liverpool , and up until the introduction of the Olympic , most British ocean liners for both Cunard and White Star , such as Lusitania and Mauretania , sailed out of Liverpool followed by a port of call in Queenstown , Ireland . Since the company 's founding in 1871 , a vast majority of their operations had taken place out of Liverpool . However , in 1907 White Star established another service out of the port of Southampton on England 's south coast , which became known as White Star 's `` Express Service '' . Southampton had many advantages over Liverpool , the first being its proximity to London . In addition , Southampton , being on the south coast , allowed ships to easily cross the English Channel and make a port of call on the northern coast of France , usually at Cherbourg . This allowed British ships to pick up clientele from continental Europe before recrossing the channel and picking up passengers at Queenstown . The Southampton - Cherbourg - New York run would become so popular that most British ocean liners began using the port after World War I. Out of respect for Liverpool , ships continued to be registered there until the early 1960s . Queen Elizabeth 2 was one of the first ships registered in Southampton when introduced into service by Cunard in 1969 . Titanic 's maiden voyage was intended to be the first of many trans - Atlantic crossings between Southampton and New York via Cherbourg and Queenstown on westbound runs , returning via Plymouth in England while eastbound . Indeed , her entire schedule of voyages through to December 1912 still exists . When the route was established , four ships were assigned to the service . In addition to Teutonic and Majestic , the RMS Oceanic and the brand new RMS Adriatic sailed the route . When the Olympic entered service in June 1911 , she replaced Teutonic , which after completing her last run on the service in late April was transferred to the Dominion Line 's Canadian service . The following August , Adriatic was transferred to White Star 's main Liverpool - New York service , and in November , Majestic was withdrawn from service impending the arrival of Titanic in the coming months , and was mothballed as a reserve ship . White Star 's initial plans for Olympic and Titanic on the Southampton run followed the same routine as their predecessors had done before them . Each would sail once every three weeks from Southampton and New York , usually leaving at noon each Wednesday from Southampton and each Saturday from New York , thus enabling the White Star Line to offer weekly sailings in each direction . Special trains were scheduled from London and Paris to convey passengers to Southampton and Cherbourg respectively . The deep - water dock at Southampton , then known as the `` White Star Dock '' , had been specially constructed to accommodate the new Olympic - class liners , and had opened in 1911 . Edward Smith , captain of Titanic , in 1911 Titanic at Southampton docks , prior to departure Display ad for Titanic 's first but never made sailing from New York on 20 April 1912 Crew Main article : Crew of the RMS Titanic Titanic had around 885 crew members on board for her maiden voyage . Like other vessels of her time , she did not have a permanent crew , and the vast majority of crew members were casual workers who only came aboard the ship a few hours before she sailed from Southampton . The process of signing up recruits had begun on 23 March and some had been sent to Belfast , where they served as a skeleton crew during Titanic 's sea trials and passage to England at the start of April . Captain Edward John Smith , the most senior of the White Star Line 's captains , was transferred from Olympic to take command of Titanic . Henry Tingle Wilde also came across from Olympic to take the post of Chief Mate . Titanic 's previously designated Chief Mate and First Officer , William McMaster Murdoch and Charles Lightoller , were bumped down to the ranks of First and Second Officer respectively . The original Second Officer , David Blair , was dropped altogether . The Third Officer was Herbert Pitman MBE , the only deck officer who was not a member of the Royal Naval Reserve . Pitman was the second to last surviving officer . Titanic 's crew were divided into three principal departments : Deck , with 66 crew ; Engine , with 325 ; and Victualling ( pronounced vi - tal - ling ) , with 494 . The vast majority of the crew were thus not seamen , but were either engineers , firemen , or stokers , responsible for looking after the engines , or stewards and galley staff , responsible for the passengers . Of these , over 97 % were male ; just 23 of the crew were female , mainly stewardesses . The rest represented a great variety of professions -- bakers , chefs , butchers , fishmongers , dishwashers , stewards , gymnasium instructors , laundrymen , waiters , bed - makers , cleaners , and even a printer , who produced a daily newspaper for passengers called the Atlantic Daily Bulletin with the latest news received by the ship 's wireless operators . Most of the crew signed on in Southampton on 6 April ; in all , 699 of the crew came from there , and 40 % were natives of the town . A few specialist staff were self - employed or were subcontractors . These included the five postal clerks , who worked for the Royal Mail and the United States Post Office Department , the staff of the First Class A La Carte Restaurant and the Café Parisien , the radio operators ( who were employed by Marconi ) and the eight musicians , who were employed by an agency and travelled as second - class passengers . Crew pay varied greatly , from Captain Smith 's £ 105 a month ( equivalent to £ 9,400 today ) to the £ 3 10 s ( £ 310 today ) that stewardesses earned . The lower - paid victualling staff could , however , supplement their wages substantially through tips from passengers . Passengers Main article : Passengers of the RMS Titanic John Jacob Astor IV in 1909 . He was the wealthiest person aboard Titanic . Titanic 's passengers numbered approximately 1,317 people : 324 in First Class , 284 in Second Class , and 709 in Third Class . Of these , 869 ( 66 % ) were male and 447 ( 34 % ) female . There were 107 children aboard , the largest number of which were in Third Class . The ship was considerably under capacity on her maiden voyage , as she could accommodate 2,453 passengers -- 833 First Class , 614 Second Class , and 1,006 Third Class . Usually , a high prestige vessel like Titanic could expect to be fully booked on its maiden voyage . However , a national coal strike in the UK had caused considerable disruption to shipping schedules in the spring of 1912 , causing many crossings to be cancelled . Many would - be passengers chose to postpone their travel plans until the strike was over . The strike had finished a few days before Titanic sailed ; however , that was too late to have much of an effect . Titanic was able to sail on the scheduled date only because coal was transferred from other vessels which were tied up at Southampton , such as SS City of New York and RMS Oceanic , as well as coal Olympic had brought back from a previous voyage to New York , which had been stored at the White Star Dock . Some of the most prominent people of the day booked a passage aboard Titanic , travelling in First Class . Among them were the American millionaire John Jacob Astor IV and his wife Madeleine Force Astor , industrialist Benjamin Guggenheim , painter and sculptor Francis Davis Millet , Macy 's owner Isidor Straus and his wife Ida , Denver millionairess Margaret `` Molly '' Brown , Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and his wife , couturière Lucy ( Lady Duff - Gordon ) , Lieut . Col. Arthur Peuchen , writer and historian Archibald Gracie , cricketer and businessman John B. Thayer with his wife Marian and son Jack , George Dunton Widener with his wife Eleanor and son Harry , Noël Leslie , Countess of Rothes , Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Hays , Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Harper , Mr. and Mrs. Walter D. Douglas , Mr. and Mrs. George D. Wick , Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Harris , Mr. and Mrs. Arthur L. Ryerson , Mr. and Mrs. Hudson J.C. Allison , Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson Bishop , noted architect Edward Austin Kent , brewery heir Harry Molson , tennis players Karl Behr and Dick Williams , author and socialite Helen Churchill Candee , future lawyer and suffragette Elsie Bowerman and her mother Edith , journalist and social reformer William Thomas Stead , journalist and fashion buyer Edith Rosenbaum , Philadelphia and New York socialtie Edith Corse Evans , wealthy divorcée Charlotte Drake Cardeza , French sculptor Paul Chevré , author Jacques Futrelle with his wife May , silent film actress Dorothy Gibson with her mother Pauline , Alfons Simonius - Blumer , Swiss Army Colonel and Banker , President of the Swiss Bankverein , James A. Hughes 's daughter Eloise , banker Robert Williams Daniel , the chairman of the Holland America Line , Johan Reuchlin , Arthur Wellington Ross 's son John H. Ross , Washington Roebling 's nephew Washington A. Roebling II , Andrew Saks 's daughter Leila Saks Meyer with her husband , senator William A. Clark 's nephew Walter M. Clark with his wife Virginia , great - great - grandson of soap manufacturer Andrew Pears , Thomas C. Pears , with wife , John S. Pillsbury 's honeymooning grandson John P. Snyder and wife , Nelle , Dorothy Parker 's New York manufacturer uncle Martin Rothschild with his wife , Elizabeth , among others . Titanic 's owner J.P. Morgan was scheduled to travel on the maiden voyage but cancelled at the last minute . Also aboard the ship were the White Star Line 's managing director J. Bruce Ismay and Titanic 's designer Thomas Andrews , who was on board to observe any problems and assess the general performance of the new ship . The exact number of people aboard is not known , as not all of those who had booked tickets made it to the ship ; about 50 people cancelled for various reasons , and not all of those who boarded stayed aboard for the entire journey . Fares varied depending on class and season . Third Class fares from London , Southampton , or Queenstown cost £ 7 5s ( equivalent to £ 600 today ) while the cheapest First Class fares cost £ 23 ( £ 2,100 today ) . The most expensive First Class suites were to have cost up to £ 870 in high season ( £ 78,000 today ) . Collecting passengers On Wednesday 10 April 1912 Titanic 's maiden voyage began . Following the embarkation of the crew the passengers began arriving from 9 : 30 a.m. , when the London and South Western Railway 's boat train from London Waterloo station reached Southampton Terminus railway station on the quayside , alongside Titanic 's berth . In all , 923 passengers boarded Titanic at Southampton , 179 First Class , 247 Second Class and 494 Third Class . The large number of Third Class passengers meant they were the first to board , with First and Second Class passengers following up to an hour before departure . Stewards showed them to their cabins , and First Class passengers were personally greeted by Captain Smith on boarding . Third Class passengers were inspected for ailments and physical impairments that might lead to their being refused entry to the United States -- a prospect the White Star Line wished to avoid , as it would have to carry anyone who failed the examination back across the Atlantic . 922 passengers were recorded as having embarked Titanic at Southampton . Additional passengers were to be picked up at Cherbourg and Queenstown . The maiden voyage began on time , at noon . An accident was narrowly averted only a few minutes later as Titanic passed the moored liners SS City of New York of the American Line and what would have been her running mate on the service from Southampton , White Star 's Oceanic . Her huge displacement caused both of the smaller ships to be lifted by a bulge of water and then drop into a trough . New York 's mooring cables could not take the sudden strain and snapped , swinging her around stern - first towards Titanic . A nearby tugboat , Vulcan , came to the rescue by taking New York under tow , and Captain Smith ordered Titanic 's engines to be put `` full astern '' . The two ships avoided a collision by a matter of about 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) . The incident delayed Titanic 's departure for about an hour , while the drifting New York was brought under control . After making it safely through the complex tides and channels of Southampton Water and the Solent , Titanic headed out into the English Channel . She headed for the French port of Cherbourg , a journey of 77 nautical miles ( 89 mi ; 143 km ) . The weather was windy , very fine but cold and overcast . Because Cherbourg lacked docking facilities for a ship the size of Titanic , tenders had to be used to transfer passengers from shore to ship . The White Star Line operated two at Cherbourg , the SS Traffic and the SS Nomadic . Both had been designed specifically as tenders for the Olympic - class liners and were launched shortly after Titanic . ( Nomadic is today the only White Star Line ship still afloat . ) Four hours after Titanic left Southampton , she arrived at Cherbourg and was met by the tenders. 274 additional passengers were taken aboard , 142 First Class , 30 Second Class , and 102 Third Class . Twenty - four passengers who had booked passage only cross-channel from Southampton left aboard the tenders to be conveyed to shore . The process was completed within only 90 minutes and at 8 p.m. Titanic weighed anchor and left for Queenstown with the weather continuing cold and windy . At 11 : 30 a.m. on Thursday 11 April , Titanic arrived at Cork Harbour on the south coast of Ireland . It was a partly cloudy but relatively warm day , with a brisk wind . Again , the dock facilities were not suitable for a ship of Titanic 's size , and tenders were used to bring passengers aboard . In all , 123 passengers boarded Titanic at Queenstown , 3 First Class , 7 Second Class and 113 Third Class . In addition to the 24 cross-channel passengers who had disembarked at Cherbourg , another seven passengers had booked an overnight passage from Southampton to Queenstown . Among the seven was Father Francis Browne , a Jesuit trainee , who was a keen photographer and took many photographs aboard Titanic , including the last - ever known photograph of the ship . A decidedly unofficial departure was that of a crew member , stoker John Coffey , a Queenstown native who sneaked off the ship by hiding under mail bags being transported to shore . Titanic weighed anchor for the last time at 1 : 30 p.m. and departed on her westward journey across the Atlantic . Titanic ( right ) after the near - collision with City of New York ( left , together with Oceanic at the far left ) Titanic in Cork harbour , 11 April 1912 The route of Titanic 's maiden voyage , with the coordinates of its sinking Atlantic crossing Titanic was planned to arrive at New York Pier 54 on the morning of 17 April . After leaving Queenstown Titanic followed the Irish coast as far as Fastnet Rock , a distance of some 55 nautical miles ( 63 mi ; 102 km ) . From there she travelled 1,620 nautical miles ( 1,860 mi ; 3,000 km ) along a Great Circle route across the North Atlantic to reach a spot in the ocean known as `` the corner '' south - east of Newfoundland , where westbound steamers carried out a change of course . Titanic sailed only a few hours past the corner on a rhumb line leg of 1,023 nautical miles ( 1,177 mi ; 1,895 km ) to Nantucket Shoals Light when she made her fatal contact with an iceberg . The final leg of the journey would have been 193 nautical miles ( 222 mi ; 357 km ) to Ambrose Light and finally to New York Harbor . From 11 April to local apparent noon the next day , Titanic covered 484 nautical miles ( 557 mi ; 896 km ) ; the following day , 519 nautical miles ( 597 mi ; 961 km ) ; and by noon on the final day of her voyage , 546 nautical miles ( 628 mi ; 1,011 km ) . From then until the time of her sinking she travelled another 258 nautical miles ( 297 mi ; 478 km ) , averaging about 21 knots ( 24 mph ; 39 km / h ) . The weather cleared as she left Ireland under cloudy skies with a headwind . Temperatures remained fairly mild on Saturday 13 April , but the following day Titanic crossed a cold weather front with strong winds and waves of up to 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) . These died down as the day progressed until , by the evening of Sunday 14 April , it became clear , calm and very cold . The first three days of the voyage from Queenstown had passed without apparent incident . A fire had begun in one of Titanic 's coal bunkers approximately 10 days prior to the ship 's departure , and continued to burn for several days into its voyage , but passengers were unaware of this situation . Fires occurred frequently on board steamships of that day due to spontaneous combustion of the coal . The fires had to be extinguished with fire hoses , by moving the coal on top to another bunker and by removing the burning coal and feeding it into the furnace . Fortunately , the fire was over on 14 April . Titanic received a series of warnings from other ships of drifting ice in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . One of the ships to warn Titanic was the Atlantic Line 's Mesaba . Nevertheless , the ship continued to steam at full speed , which was standard practice at the time . Although the ship was not trying to set a speed record , timekeeping was a priority , and under prevailing maritime practices , ships were often operated at close to full speed , with ice warnings seen as advisories and reliance placed upon lookouts and the watch on the bridge . It was generally believed that ice posed little danger to large vessels . Close calls with ice were not uncommon , and even head - on collisions had not been disastrous . In 1907 SS Kronprinz Wilhelm , a German liner , had rammed an iceberg but still had been able to complete her voyage , and Captain Smith himself had declared in 1907 that he `` could not imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder . Modern shipbuilding has gone beyond that . '' Sinking Main article : Sinking of the RMS Titanic At 11 : 40 p.m. ( ship 's time ) on 14 April , lookout Frederick Fleet spotted an iceberg immediately ahead of Titanic and alerted the bridge . First Officer William Murdoch ordered the ship to be steered around the obstacle and the engines to be stopped , but it was too late ; the starboard side of Titanic struck the iceberg , creating a series of holes below the waterline . The hull was not punctured by the iceberg , but rather dented such that the hull 's seams buckled and separated , allowing water to seep in . Five of the ship 's watertight compartments were breached . It soon became clear that the ship was doomed , as she could not survive more than four compartments being flooded . Titanic began sinking bow - first , with water spilling from compartment to compartment as her angle in the water became steeper . Those aboard Titanic were ill - prepared for such an emergency . In accordance with accepted practices of the time , where ships were seen as largely unsinkable and lifeboats were intended to transfer passengers to nearby rescue vessels , Titanic only had enough lifeboats to carry about half of those on board ; if the ship had carried her full complement of about 3,339 passengers and crew , only about a third could have been accommodated in the lifeboats . The crew had not been trained adequately in carrying out an evacuation . The officers did not know how many they could safely put aboard the lifeboats and launched many of them barely half - full . Third - class passengers were largely left to fend for themselves , causing many of them to become trapped below decks as the ship filled with water . The `` women and children first '' protocol was generally followed when loading the lifeboats , and most of the male passengers and crew were left aboard . At 2 : 20 a.m. , two hours and 40 minutes after Titanic struck the iceberg , her rate of sinking suddenly increased as her forward deck dipped underwater , and the sea poured in through open hatches and grates . As her unsupported stern rose out of the water , exposing the propellers , the ship began to break in two between the third and fourth funnels , due to the immense forces on the keel . With the bow underwater , and air trapped in the stern , the stern remained afloat and buoyant for a few minutes longer , rising to a nearly vertical angle with hundreds of people still clinging to it , before sinking . For many years it was generally believed the ship sank in one piece ; however , when the wreck was located many years later , it was discovered that the ship had fully broken in two . All remaining passengers and crew were immersed into lethally cold water with a temperature of 28 ° F ( − 2 ° C ) . Almost all of those in the water died of cardiac arrest or other bodily reactions to freezing water , within 15 -- 30 minutes . Only 13 of them were helped into the lifeboats , though these had room for almost 500 more people . Distress signals were sent by wireless , rockets , and lamp , but none of the ships that responded was near enough to reach Titanic before she sank . A radio operator on board the Birma , for instance , estimated that it would be 6 a.m. before the liner could arrive at the scene . Meanwhile , the SS Californian , which was the last to have been in contact before the collision , saw Titanic 's flares but failed to assist . Around 4 a.m. , RMS Carpathia arrived on the scene in response to Titanic 's earlier distress calls . About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York , Titanic 's original destination , while at least 1,500 people lost their lives . Carpathia 's captain described the place as an ice field that had included 20 large bergs measuring up to 200 feet ( 61 m ) high and numerous smaller bergs , as well as ice floes and debris from Titanic ; passengers described being in the middle of a vast white plain of ice , studded with icebergs . This area is now known as Iceberg Alley . The sinking , according to J. Thayer , sketched onboard Carpathia , based on his description The iceberg thought to have been hit by Titanic , photographed on the morning of 15 April 1912 . `` Untergang der Titanic '' , as conceived by Willy Stöwer , 1912 Aftermath of sinking Arrival of Carpathia in New York London newsboy Ned Parfett with news of the disaster . RMS Carpathia took three days to reach New York after leaving the scene of the disaster . Her journey was slowed by pack ice , fog , thunderstorms and rough seas . She was , however , able to pass news to the outside world by wireless about what had happened . The initial reports were confused , leading the American press to report erroneously on 15 April that Titanic was being towed to port by the SS Virginian . Later that day , confirmation came through that Titanic had been lost and that most of her passengers and crew had died . The news attracted crowds of people to the White Star Line 's offices in London , New York , Montreal , Southampton , Liverpool and Belfast . It hit hardest in Southampton , whose people suffered the greatest losses from the sinking . Four out of every five crew members came from this town . Carpathia docked at 9 : 30 p.m. on 18 April at New York 's Pier 54 and was greeted by some 40,000 people waiting at the quayside in heavy rain . Immediate relief in the form of clothing and transportation to shelters was provided by the Women 's Relief Committee , the Travelers Aid Society of New York , and the Council of Jewish Women , among other organisations . Many of Titanic 's surviving passengers did not linger in New York but headed onwards immediately to relatives ' homes . Some of the wealthier survivors chartered private trains to take them home , and the Pennsylvania Railroad laid on a special train free of charge to take survivors to Philadelphia . Titanic 's 214 surviving crew members were taken to the Red Star Line 's steamer SS Lapland , where they were accommodated in passenger cabins . Carpathia was hurriedly restocked with food and provisions before resuming her journey to Fiume , Austria - Hungary . Her crew were given a bonus of a month 's wages by Cunard as a reward for their actions , and some of Titanic 's passengers joined together to give them an additional bonus of nearly £ 900 ( £ 80,000 today ) , divided among the crew members . The ship 's arrival in New York led to a frenzy of press interest , with newspapers competing to be the first to report the survivors ' stories . Some reporters bribed their way aboard the pilot boat New York , which guided Carpathia into harbour , and one even managed to get onto Carpathia before she docked . Crowds gathered outside newspaper offices to see the latest reports being posted in the windows or on billboards . It took another four days for a complete list of casualties to be compiled and released , adding to the agony of relatives waiting for news of those who had been aboard Titanic . Arrival of Titanic 's survivors at New York ( artist concept ) Cartoon demanding better safety from shipping companies , 1912 Carpathia 's captain Arthur Rostron awarded by Margaret Brown , 1912 Insurance and Aid for survivors In January 1912 , the hulls and equipment of Titanic and Olympic had been insured through Lloyd 's of London . The total coverage was £ 1,000,000 ( £ 89,000,000 today ) per ship . The policy was to be `` free from all average '' under £ 150,000 , meaning that the insurers would only pay for damage in excess of that sum . The premium , negotiated by brokers Willis Faber & Company ( now Willis Group ) , was 15 s ( 75 p ) per £ 100 , or £ 7,500 ( £ 670,000 today ) for the term of one year . Lloyd 's paid the White Star Line the full sum owed to them within 30 days . Many charities were set up to help the victims and their families , many of whom lost their sole breadwinner , or , in the case of many Third Class survivors , everything they owned . On 29 April opera stars Enrico Caruso and Mary Garden and members of the Metropolitan Opera raised $12,000 ( $300,000 in 2014 ) in benefits for victims of the disaster by giving special concerts in which versions of `` Autumn '' and `` Nearer My God To Thee '' were part of the programme . In Britain , relief funds were organised for the families of Titanic 's lost crew members , raising nearly £ 450,000 ( £ 40,000,000 today ) . One such fund was still in operation as late as the 1960s . Investigations into the disaster Main articles : United States Senate inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic and British Wreck Commissioner 's inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic Even before the survivors arrived in New York , investigations were being planned to discover what had happened , and what could be done to prevent a recurrence . Inquiries were held in both the United States and United Kingdom , the former more robustly critical of traditions and practices , and scathing of the failures involved , and the latter broadly more technical and expert - oriented . The U.S. Senate 's inquiry into the disaster was initiated on 19 April , a day after Carpathia arrived in New York . The chairman , Senator William Alden Smith , wanted to gather accounts from passengers and crew while the events were still fresh in their minds . Smith also needed to subpoena all surviving British passengers and crew while they were still on American soil , which prevented them from returning to the UK before the American inquiry was completed on 25 May . The British press condemned Smith as an opportunist , insensitively forcing an inquiry as a means of gaining political prestige and seizing `` his moment to stand on the world stage '' . Smith , however , already had a reputation as a campaigner for safety on U.S. railroads , and wanted to investigate any possible malpractices by railroad tycoon J.P. Morgan , Titanic 's ultimate owner . The British Board of Trade 's inquiry into the disaster was headed by Lord Mersey , and took place between 2 May and 3 July . Being run by the Board of Trade , who had previously approved the ship , it was seen by some as having little interest in its own or White Star 's conduct being found negligent . Each inquiry took testimony from both passengers and crew of Titanic , crew members of Leyland Line 's Californian , Captain Arthur Rostron of Carpathia and other experts . The British inquiry also took far greater expert testimony , making it the longest and most detailed court of inquiry in British history up to that time . The two inquiries reached broadly similar conclusions : the regulations on the number of lifeboats that ships had to carry were out of date and inadequate , Captain Smith had failed to take proper heed of ice warnings , the lifeboats had not been properly filled or crewed , and the collision was the direct result of steaming into a dangerous area at too high a speed . Neither inquiry 's findings listed negligence by IMM or the White Star Line as a factor . The American inquiry concluded that since those involved had followed standard practice the disaster was an act of God . The British inquiry concluded that Smith had followed long - standing practice that had not previously been shown to be unsafe , noting that British ships alone had carried 3.5 million passengers over the previous decade with the loss of just 10 lives , and concluded that Smith had done `` only that which other skilled men would have done in the same position '' . Lord Mersey did however find fault with the `` extremely high speed ( twenty - two knots ) which was maintained '' following numerous ice warnings , noting that without hindsight , `` what was a mistake in the case of the Titanic would without doubt be negligence in any similar case in the future '' . The recommendations included strong suggestions for major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures , such as ensuring that more lifeboats were provided , that lifeboat drills were properly carried out and that wireless equipment on passenger ships was manned around the clock . An International Ice Patrol was set up to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic , and maritime safety regulations were harmonised internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ; both measures are still in force today . On 18 June 1912 , Guglielmo Marconi gave evidence to the Court of Inquiry regarding the telegraphy . Its final report recommended that all liners carry the system and that sufficient operators maintain a constant service . Role of the SS Californian The SS Californian , which had tried to warn Titanic of the danger from pack - ice One of the most controversial issues examined by the inquiries was the role played by SS Californian , which had been only a few miles from Titanic but had not picked up her distress calls or responded to her signal rockets . Californian had warned Titanic by radio of the pack ice that was the reason Californian had stopped for the night , but was rebuked by Titanic 's senior wireless operator , Jack Phillips . Testimony before the British inquiry revealed that at 10 : 10 p.m. , Californian observed the lights of a ship to the south ; it was later agreed between Captain Stanley Lord and Third Officer C.V. Groves ( who had relieved Lord of duty at 11 : 10 p.m. ) that this was a passenger liner . At 11 : 50 p.m. , the officer had watched that ship 's lights flash out , as if she had shut down or turned sharply , and that the port light was now visible . Morse light signals to the ship , upon Lord 's order , were made between 11 : 30 p.m. and 1 : 00 a.m. , but were not acknowledged . If Titanic were as far from the Californian as Lord claimed , then he knew , or should have known , that Morse signals would not be visible . A reasonable and prudent course of action would have been to awaken the wireless operator and to instruct him to attempt to contact Titanic by that method . Had Lord done so , it is possible he could have reached Titanic in time to save additional lives . Captain Lord had gone to the chartroom at 11 : 00 p.m. to spend the night ; however , Second Officer Herbert Stone , now on duty , notified Lord at 1 : 10 a.m. that the ship had fired five rockets . Lord wanted to know if they were company signals , that is , coloured flares used for identification . Stone said that he did not know and that the rockets were all white . Captain Lord instructed the crew to continue to signal the other vessel with the Morse lamp , and went back to sleep . Three more rockets were observed at 1 : 50 a.m. and Stone noted that the ship looked strange in the water , as if she were listing . At 2 : 15 a.m. , Lord was notified that the ship could no longer be seen . Lord asked again if the lights had had any colours in them , and he was informed that they were all white . Californian eventually responded . At around 5 : 30 a.m. , Chief Officer George Stewart awakened wireless operator Cyril Furmstone Evans , informed him that rockets had been seen during the night , and asked that he try to communicate with any ship . He got news of Titanic 's loss , Captain Lord was notified , and the ship set out to render assistance . She arrived well after Carpathia had already picked up all the survivors . The inquiries found that the ship seen by Californian was in fact Titanic and that it would have been possible for Californian to come to her rescue ; therefore , Captain Lord had acted improperly in failing to do so . Survivors and victims Main article : List of Titanic passengers The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear , due to a number of factors . These include confusion over the passenger list , which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute , and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were therefore double - counted on the casualty lists . The death toll has been put at between 1,490 and 1,635 people . The tables below use figures from the British Board of Trade report on the disaster . Fewer than a third of those aboard Titanic survived the disaster . Some survivors died shortly afterwards ; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard Carpathia . The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard Titanic . Although only 3 % of first - class women were lost , 54 % of those in third class died . Similarly , five of six first - class and all second - class children survived , but 52 of the 79 in third class perished . The differences by gender were even bigger : nearly all female crew members , first and second class passengers were saved . Men from the First Class died at a higher rate than women from the Third Class . In total , 50 % of the children survived , 20 % of the men and 75 % of the women . The last living survivor , Millvina Dean from England , who at only nine weeks old was the youngest passenger on board , died aged 97 on 31 May 2009 . A special survivor was crew member Violet Jessop who survived the sinkings of both Titanic and Britannic and was aboard Olympic when she was rammed in 1911 . Age / gender Class / crew Number aboard Number saved Number lost Percentage saved Percentage lost Children First Class 6 5 83 % 17 % Second Class 24 24 0 100 % 0 % Third Class 79 27 52 34 % 66 % Women First Class 144 140 97 % 3 % Second Class 93 80 13 86 % 14 % Third Class 165 76 89 46 % 54 % Crew 23 20 87 % 13 % Men First Class 175 57 118 33 % 67 % Second Class 168 14 154 8 % 92 % Third Class 462 75 387 16 % 84 % Crew 885 192 693 22 % 78 % Total 2224 710 1514 32 % 68 % Retrieval and burial of the dead Markers of Titanic victims , Fairview Cemetery , Halifax , Nova Scotia Once the massive loss of life became known , White Star Line chartered the cable ship CS Mackay - Bennett from Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada , to retrieve bodies . Three other Canadian ships followed in the search : the cable ship Minia , lighthouse supply ship Montmagny and sealing vessel Algerine . Each ship left with embalming supplies , undertakers , and clergy . Of the 333 victims that were eventually recovered , 328 were retrieved by the Canadian ships and five more by passing North Atlantic steamships . The first ship to reach the site of the sinking , the CS Mackay - Bennett , found so many bodies that the embalming supplies aboard were quickly exhausted . Health regulations required that only embalmed bodies could be returned to port . Captain Larnder of the Mackay - Bennett and undertakers aboard decided to preserve only the bodies of first class passengers , justifying their decision by the need to visually identify wealthy men to resolve any disputes over large estates . As a result , many third class passengers and crew were buried at sea . Larnder identified many of those buried at sea as crew members by their clothing , and stated that as a mariner , he himself would be contented to be buried at sea . Bodies recovered were preserved for transport to Halifax , the closest city to the sinking with direct rail and steamship connections . The Halifax coroner , John Henry Barnstead , developed a detailed system to identify bodies and safeguard personal possessions . Relatives from across North America came to identify and claim bodies . A large temporary morgue was set up in the curling rink of the Mayflower Curling Club and undertakers were called in from all across eastern Canada to assist . Some bodies were shipped to be buried in their home towns across North America and Europe . About two - thirds of the bodies were identified . Unidentified victims were buried with simple numbers based on the order in which their bodies were discovered . The majority of recovered victims , 150 bodies , were buried in three Halifax cemeteries , the largest being Fairview Lawn Cemetery followed by the nearby Mount Olivet and Baron de Hirsch cemeteries . In mid-May 1912 , RMS Oceanic recovered three bodies over 200 miles ( 320 km ) from the site of the sinking who were among the original occupants of Collapsible A. When Fifth Officer Harold Lowe and six crewmen returned to the wreck site sometime after the sinking in a lifeboat to pick up survivors , they rescued a dozen males and one female from Collapsible A , but left the dead bodies of three of its occupants . After their retrieval from Collapsible A by Oceanic , the bodies were buried at sea . The last Titanic body recovered was steward James McGrady , Body No. 330 , found by the chartered Newfoundland sealing vessel Algerine on 22 May and buried at Fairview Lawn Cemetery in Halifax on 12 June . Only 333 bodies of Titanic victims were recovered , one in five of the over 1500 victims . Some bodies sank with the ship while currents quickly dispersed bodies and wreckage across hundreds of miles making them difficult to recover . By June one of the last search ships reported that life jackets supporting bodies were coming apart and releasing bodies to sink . Wreck Main article : Wreck of the RMS Titanic The bow of the wrecked RMS Titanic , photographed in June 2004 Titanic was long thought to have sunk in one piece and , over the years , many schemes were put forward for raising the wreck . None came to fruition . The fundamental problem was the sheer difficulty of finding and reaching a wreck that lies over 12,000 feet ( 3,700 m ) below the surface , in a location where the water pressure is over 6,500 pounds per square inch ( 450 bar ) . A number of expeditions were mounted to find Titanic but it was not until 1 September 1985 that a Franco - American expedition led by Robert Ballard succeeded . The team discovered that Titanic had in fact split apart , probably near or at the surface , before sinking to the seabed . The separated bow and stern sections lie about a third of a mile ( 0.6 km ) apart in Titanic Canyon off the coast of Newfoundland . They are located 13.2 miles ( 21.2 km ) from the inaccurate coordinates given by Titanic 's radio operators on the night of her sinking , and approximately 715 miles ( 1,151 km ) from Halifax and 1,250 miles ( 2,012 km ) from New York . Both sections struck the sea bed at considerable speed , causing the bow to crumple and the stern to collapse entirely . The bow is by far the more intact section and still contains some surprisingly intact interiors . In contrast , the stern is completely wrecked ; its decks have pancaked down on top of each other and much of the hull plating was torn off and lies scattered across the sea floor . The much greater level of damage to the stern is probably due to structural damage incurred during the sinking . Thus weakened , the remainder of the stern was flattened by the impact with the sea bed . The two sections are surrounded by a debris field measuring approximately 5 by 3 miles ( 8.0 km × 4.8 km ) . It contains hundreds of thousands of items , such as pieces of the ship , furniture , dinnerware and personal items , which fell from the ship as she sank or were ejected when the bow and stern impacted on the sea floor . The debris field was also the last resting place of a number of Titanic 's victims . Most of the bodies and clothes were consumed by sea creatures and bacteria , leaving pairs of shoes and boots -- which have proved to be inedible -- as the only sign that bodies once lay there . Since its initial discovery , the wreck of Titanic has been revisited on numerous occasions by explorers , scientists , filmmakers , tourists and salvagers , who have recovered thousands of items from the debris field for conservation and public display . The ship 's condition has deteriorated significantly over the years , particularly from accidental damage by submersibles but mostly because of an accelerating rate of growth of iron - eating bacteria on the hull . It has been estimated that within the next 50 years the hull and structure of Titanic will eventually collapse entirely , leaving only the more durable interior fittings of the ship intermingled with a pile of rust on the sea floor . Bell from the Titanic Many artefacts from Titanic have been recovered from the sea bed by RMS Titanic Inc. , which exhibits them in touring exhibitions around the world and in a permanent exhibition at the Luxor Las Vegas hotel and casino in Las Vegas , Nevada . A number of other museums exhibit artefacts either donated by survivors or retrieved from the floating bodies of victims of the disaster . On 16 April 2012 , the day after the 100th anniversary of the sinking , photos were released showing possible human remains resting on the ocean floor . The photos , taken by Robert Ballard during an expedition led by NOAA in 2004 , show a boot and a coat close to Titanic 's stern which experts called `` compelling evidence '' that it is the spot where somebody came to rest , and that human remains could be buried in the sediment beneath them . The wreck of the Titanic falls under the scope of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage . This means that all states party to the convention will prohibit the pillaging , commercial exploitation , sale and dispersion of the wreck and its artefacts . Because of the location of the wreck in international waters and the lack of any exclusive jurisdiction over the wreckage area , the convention provides a state co-operation system , by which states inform each other of any potential activity concerning ancient shipwreck sites , like the Titanic , and co-operate to prevent unscientific or unethical interventions . Legacy Safety Main article : Changes in safety practices after the sinking of the RMS Titanic An ice patrol aircraft inspecting an iceberg After the disaster , recommendations were made by both the British and American Boards of Inquiry stating that ships should carry enough lifeboats for all aboard , mandated lifeboat drills would be implemented , lifeboat inspections would be conducted , etc . Many of these recommendations were incorporated into the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea passed in 1914 . The convention has been updated by periodic amendments , with a completely new version adopted in 1974 . Signatories to the convention followed up with national legislation to implement the new standards . For example in Britain , new `` Rules for Life Saving Appliances '' were passed by the Board of Trade on 8 May 1914 and then applied at a meeting of British steamship companies in Liverpool in June 1914 . Further , the United States government passed the Radio Act of 1912 . This act , along with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea , stated that radio communications on passenger ships would be operated 24 hours a day , along with a secondary power supply , so as not to miss distress calls . Also , the Radio Act of 1912 required ships to maintain contact with vessels in their vicinity as well as coastal onshore radio stations . In addition , it was agreed in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea that the firing of red rockets from a ship must be interpreted as a sign of need for help . Once the Radio Act of 1912 was passed it was agreed that rockets at sea would be interpreted as distress signals only , thus removing any possible misinterpretation from other ships . Finally , the disaster led to the formation and international funding of the International Ice Patrol , an agency of the United States Coast Guard that to the present day monitors and reports on the location of North Atlantic Ocean icebergs that could pose a threat to transatlantic sea traffic . Coast Guard aircraft conduct the primary reconnaissance . In addition , information is collected from ships operating in or passing through the ice area . Except for the years of the two World Wars , the International Ice Patrol has worked each season since 1913 . During the period there has not been a single reported loss of life or property due to collision with an iceberg in the patrol area . In 1912 , the Board of Trade chartered the barque Scotia to act as a weather ship in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland , keeping a look - out for icebergs . A Marconi wireless was installed to enable her to communicate with stations on the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland . Cultural Main article : Cultural legacy of RMS Titanic Titanic Belfast , 2012 Titanic has gone down in history as the ship that was called unsinkable . For more than 100 years , she has been the inspiration of fiction and non-fiction . She is commemorated by monuments for the dead and by museums exhibiting artefacts from the wreck . Just after the sinking memorial postcards sold in huge numbers together with memorabilia ranging from tin candy boxes to plates , whiskey jiggers , and even black mourning teddy bears . Several survivors wrote books about their experiences but it was not until 1955 the first historically accurate book A Night to Remember was published . The first film about the disaster , Saved from the Titanic , was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star -- the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson . The British film A Night to Remember ( 1958 ) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking . The most financially successful by far has been James Cameron 's Titanic ( 1997 ) , which became the highest - grossing film in history up to that time , as well as the winner of 11 Oscars at the 70th Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Cameron . The Titanic disaster was commemorated through a variety of memorials and monuments to the victims , erected in several English - speaking countries and in particular in cities that had suffered notable losses . These included Southampton , Liverpool and Belfast in the United Kingdom ; New York and Washington , D.C. in the United States ; and Cobh ( formerly Queenstown ) in Ireland . A number of museums around the world have displays on Titanic . In Northern Ireland , the ship is commemorated by the Titanic Belfast visitor attraction , opened on 31 March 2012 , that stands on the site of the shipyard where Titanic was built . RMS Titanic Inc. , which is authorised to salvage the wreck site , has a permanent Titanic exhibition at the Luxor Las Vegas hotel and casino in Nevada which features a 22 - ton slab of the ship 's hull . It also runs an exhibition which travels around the world . In Nova Scotia , Halifax 's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic displays items that were recovered from the sea a few days after the disaster . They include pieces of woodwork such as panelling from the ship 's First Class Lounge and an original deckchair , as well as objects removed from the victims . In 2012 the centenary was marked by plays , radio programmes , parades , exhibitions and special trips to the site of the sinking together with commemorative stamps and coins . In a frequently commented - on literary coincidence , Morgan Robertson authored a novel called Futility in 1898 about a fictional British passenger liner with the plot bearing a number of similarities to the Titanic disaster . In the novel the ship is the SS Titan , a four - stacked liner , the largest in the world and considered unsinkable . But like the Titanic , she sinks after hitting an iceberg and does not have enough lifeboats . Appendix Diagrams of RMS Titanic ( show ) Diagram of RMS Titanic showing the arrangement of the bulkheads in red . Compartments in the engineering area at the bottom of the ship are noted in blue . Names of decks are listed to the right ( starting at top on Boat deck , going from A through F and ending on Lower deck at the waterline ) . Areas of damage made by the iceberg are shown in green . The scale 's smallest unit is 10 feet ( 3.0 m ) and its total length is 400 feet ( 120 m ) . A cutaway diagram of Titanic 's midship section . S : Sun deck . A : Upper promenade deck . B : Promenade deck , glass - enclosed . C : Saloon deck . E : Main deck . F : Middle deck . G : Lower deck : cargo , coal bunkers , boilers , engines . ( a ) Welin davits with lifeboats , ( b ) Bilge , ( c ) Double bottom Comparison of Titanic in size to modern means of transport and a person Timeline of RMS Titanic ( show ) 17 September 1908 : Ship ordered . 31 May 1911 : Ship launched . 1 April 1912 : Trials completed . 10 April , noon : Maiden voyage starts . Leaves Southampton dock , narrowly escaping collision with American liner New York . 10 April , 19 : 00 : Stops at Cherbourg for passengers . 10 April , 21 : 00 : Leaves Cherbourg for Queenstown . 11 April , 12 : 30 : Stops at Queenstown for passengers and mail . 11 April , 14 : 00 : Leaves Queenstown for New York . 14 April , 23 : 40 : Collision with iceberg ( Latitude 41 ° 46 ′ N , Longitude 50 ° 14 ′ W ) . 15 April , 00 : 45 : First boat , No. 7 , lowered . 15 April , 02 : 05 : Last boat , Collapsible D , lowered . 15 April , 02 : 20 : Foundering . 15 April , 03 : 30 -- 08 : 50 : Rescue of survivors . 19 April -- 25 May : U.S. inquiry . 2 May -- 3 July : British inquiry . 1 September 1985 : Discovery of wreck . Titanic replicas See also : Replica Titanic , Titanic II , and Romandisea Titanic First Class Lounge of the Olympic which was almost identical to that of the Titanic , seen today as a dining room in the White Swan Hotel , Alnwick There have been several proposals and studies for a project to build a replica ship based on the Titanic . A project by South African businessman Sarel Gaus was abandoned in 2006 , and a project by Australian businessman Clive Palmer was announced in 2012 , known as the Titanic II . A Chinese shipbuilding company known as Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Co. , Ltd commenced construction in January 2014 to build a replica ship of the Titanic for use in a resort . The vessel will house many features of the original , such as a ballroom , dining hall , theatre , first - class cabins , economy cabins and swimming pool . Tourists will be able to reside inside the Titanic during their time at the resort . It will be permanently docked at the resort and feature an audiovisual simulation of the sinking , which has caused some criticism . The RMS Olympic was the sister ship of the Titanic . The interior decoration of the dining salon and the grand staircase were in identical style and created by the same craftsmen . Large parts of the interior of the Olympic were later sold and are now in the White Swan Hotel , Alnwick , which gives an impression of how the interior of the Titanic looked . See also Disaster portal Nautical portal United Kingdom portal International Maritime Organization Lists of shipwrecks RMS Titanic alternative theories , alternative explanations for the fate of the Titanic ( rather than it hitting an iceberg ) The Wreck of the Titan : Or , Futility Notes Jump up ^ Carlisle would leave the project in 1910 , before the ships were launched , when he became a shareholder in Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd , the firm making the ship 's davits . Wilding was sacked following the Titanic disaster , having apparently been blamed by Pirrie , unfairly , for the ship 's loss . Jump up ^ It was kept off - limits to passengers ; the famous `` flying '' scene at the ship 's bow from the 1997 film Titanic would not have been permitted in real life . Jump up ^ This photo is probably of Titanic 's sister ship , Olympic . Jump up ^ Copy after Merry - Joseph Blondel of the neoclassical oil painting Jump up ^ Measurement of lifeboats : 1 -- 2 : 25'2 '' long by 7'2 '' wide by 3'2 '' deep ; 326.6 cubic feet ( 9.25 m ) ; 3 -- 16 : 30 ' long by 9'1 '' wide by 4 ' deep ; 655.2 cubic feet ( 18.55 m ) and A -- D : 27'5 '' long by 8 ' wide by 3 ' deep ; 376.6 cubic feet ( 10.66 m ) Jump up ^ Since 1894 , when the largest passenger ship under consideration was the Cunard Line 's 13,000 - ton Lucania , the Board of Trade had made no provision to increase the existing scale regarding the number of required lifeboats for larger ships , such as the 46,000 - ton Titanic . Sir Alfred Chalmers , nautical adviser to the Board of Trade from 1896 to 1911 , had considered the matter of adjusting the scale `` from time to time '' , but because he not only assumed that experienced sailors would need to be carried `` uselessly '' aboard ship only to lower and man the extra lifeboats , but also anticipated the difficulty in getting away a greater number than 16 boats in any emergency , he `` did not consider it necessary to increase ( the scale ) '' . Jump up ^ He expressed deep disappointment about the decision before the voyage , but was presumably greatly relieved afterwards . Jump up ^ Titanic also had a ship 's cat , Jenny , who gave birth to a litter of kittens shortly before the ship 's maiden voyage ; all perished in the sinking . Jump up ^ Known afterward as the `` Unsinkable Molly Brown '' due to her efforts in helping other passengers while the ship sank Jump up ^ Captain Edward Smith had been in command of Titanic 's sister Olympic when she in 1911 collided with a warship . Even though that ship was designed to sink others by ramming them , it suffered greater damage than Olympic , thereby strengthening the image of the class being unsinkable . Jump up ^ The official enquiry found that damage extended about 300 feet , but both Edward Wilding 's testimony and modern ultrasound surveys of the wreck suggest the total area was perhaps a few narrow openings totalling perhaps no more than 12 to 13 square feet ( 1.1 to 1.2 m ) . Jump up ^ An incident confirmed this philosophy while Titanic was under construction : the White Star liner Republic was involved in a collision and sank . Even though she did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers , they were all saved because the ship was able to stay afloat long enough for them to be ferried to ships coming to assist . Jump up ^ Life expectancy in such temperatures is often under 15 minutes even for people who are young and fit . The victims would have died from bodily reactions to freezing water rather than hypothermia ( loss of core temperature ) . Immersed into freezing seas , around 20 % of victims die within two minutes from cold shock ( uncontrolled rapid breathing and gasping causing water inhalation , massive increase in blood pressure , cardiac strain leading to cardiac arrest , and panic ) , another 50 % die within 15 -- 30 minutes from cold incapacitation ( inability to use or control limbs and hands for swimming or gripping , as the body ' protectively ' shuts down peripheral muscles to protect its core ) , and exhaustion and unconsciousness cause drowning , claiming the rest within a similar time . Jump up ^ The Salvation Army newspaper , The War Cry , reported that `` none but a heart of stone would be unmoved in the presence of such anguish . Night and day that crowd of pale , anxious faces had been waiting patiently for the news that did not come . Nearly every one in the crowd had lost a relative . '' It was not until 17 April that the first incomplete lists of survivors came through , delayed by poor communications . Jump up ^ On 23 April , the Daily Mail reported : `` Late in the afternoon hope died out . The waiting crowds thinned , and silent men and women sought their homes . In the humbler homes of Southampton there is scarcely a family who has not lost a relative or friend . Children returning from school appreciated something of tragedy , and woeful little faces were turned to the darkened , fatherless homes . '' Jump up ^ According to an eyewitness report , there `` were many pathetic scenes '' when Titanic 's survivors disembarked at New York Jump up ^ Lord protested his innocence to the end of his life , and many researchers have asserted that the known positions of Titanic and Californian make it impossible that the former was the infamous `` mystery ship '' , a topic which has `` generated ... millions of words and ... hours of heated debates '' and continues to do so . Jump up ^ Most of the bodies were numbered , however , the five passengers buried at sea by Carpathia went unnumbered . Jump up ^ Thomas Beattie , a first class passenger , and two crew members , a fireman and a seaman . Jump up ^ An example is Daniel Butler 's book about RMS Titanic , titled Unsinkable ^ Jump up to : Ship 's time ; at the time of the collision , Titanic 's clocks were set to 2 hours 2 minutes ahead of Eastern Time Zone and 2 hours 58 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time . References Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2004 , p. 1 . Jump up ^ Official investigation report - the sinking of RMS Titanic ( PDF ) ( 1 ed . ) . London : The final board of inquiry . Retrieved 27 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic Ship Listing '' . Chris ' Cunard Page . Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 . Retrieved 12 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Second Officer Lightoller insisted on excluding men , while First Officer Murdoch , on the other side of the ship , permitted men and women to board the lifeboats . Jump up ^ `` Patrick S. Ryan , The ITU and the Internet 's Titanic Moment '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 319 . Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , p. 27 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 26 . Jump up ^ `` Outgoing Steamships -- Sail Saturday October 26 , 1912 : Majestic ( Southampton ) '' . The Sun . 24 October 1912 . Retrieved 18 May 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Bartlett 2011 , p. 25 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 12 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 14 . Jump up ^ `` Testimony of Alexander Carlisle '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry. 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 8 November 2008 . Jump up ^ McCluskie 1998 , p. 20 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 55 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 56 . ^ Jump up to : McCluskie 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. efn319 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 47 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 229 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 48 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 232 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 233 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 235 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 236 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 237 . Jump up ^ Beveridge 2008 , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 120 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 121 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 80 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 126 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 148 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 86 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 85 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 127 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 74 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 106 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 107 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 44 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 104 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 68 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 70 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 162 . Jump up ^ Bruce Beveridge et al. , edited by Art Braunschweiger ( 2008 ) . Titanic : the ship magnificent ( 3rd ed . ) . Stroud , Gloucestershire : History Press . ISBN 0752446061 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 165 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 57 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 182 . Jump up ^ `` Gaspare Antonio Pietro Gatti : Titanic Victim '' . Jump up ^ `` 1st Class Cafe Parisien '' . National Museums Northern Ireland . 2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . Jump up ^ Brewster , Hugh & Coulter , Laurie. 882 1 / 2 Answers to Your Questions About The Titanic , Scholastic Press , 1998 ; 32 . Jump up ^ ( Bruce Beveridge 2008 , p. 15 ) Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 189 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 59 . Jump up ^ Lynch 1992 , p. 53 . Jump up ^ Lynch 1992 , p. 207 . Jump up ^ Merideth 2003 , p. 236 . ^ Jump up to : New York Times , Thursday 16 January 1913 , Titanic Survivors Asking $6,000,000 , p. 28 ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 146 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1987 , p. 131 . Jump up ^ The Titanic : The Memorabilia Collection , by Michael Swift , Igloo Publishing 2011 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 85780 - 251 - 4 ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 112 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 1997 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 26 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 38 . Jump up ^ `` Board of Trade 's Administration '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry. 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 9 November 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Berg , Chris ( 13 April 2012 ) . `` The Real Reason for the Tragedy of the Titanic '' . The Wall Street Journal . Jump up ^ `` Titanic Conspiracies '' . Titanic Conspiracies Stuff They Do n't Want You to Know . 2017 - 10 - 06 . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 42 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 43 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 87 . ^ Jump up to : Felkins , Leighly & Jankovic 1998 . ^ Jump up to : Broad 1997 . Jump up ^ Materials Today , 2008 . Jump up ^ McCarty & Foecke 2012 , p. . Jump up ^ Broad 2008 . Jump up ^ Verhoeven 2007 , p. 49 . Jump up ^ Smith , Jonathan . `` Titanic : The Hingley Anchors '' . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 105 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 109 . ^ Jump up to : Bartlett 2011 , p. 33 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Marriott , Leo ( 1997 ) . TITANIC . PRC Publishing Ltd . ISBN 1 - 85648 - 433 - 5 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 44 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , pp. 44 , 46 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , pp. 39 -- 40 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 45 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 46 . ^ Jump up to : McCluskie 1998 , p. 21 . Jump up ^ Eaton and Haas ; The Misadventures of the White Star Line , c. 1990 Jump up ^ De Kerbrech , Richard , `` Ships of the White Star Line '' , p. 50 , 53 , 112 ^ Jump up to : Southampton -- Cherbourg -- New York Service , White Star Line leaflet of circa January 1912 . Jump up ^ `` Southampton in 1912 '' . Southampton City Council . Archived from the original on 22 January 2012 . Retrieved 1 April 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Mersey 1912 , pp. 110 -- 111 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 84 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 83 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , pp. 43 -- 44 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 241 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 238 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 242 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 246 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 50 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 93 . ^ Jump up to : Howells 1999 , p. 18 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic Passenger List First Class Passengers '' . Encyclopedia Titanica . Retrieved 24 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Chernow 2010 , Chapter 8 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 73 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic -- Passenger and Crew statistics '' . Historyonthenet.com . Retrieved 8 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 61 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 252 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 76 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 71 . ^ Jump up to : Halpern 2011 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 93 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Joseph J. Portanova . `` Memory and Monuments : Some Sites Connected with the Titanic in Manhattan '' ( PDF ) . New York University . Retrieved 24 August 2015 . Jump up ^ John Lang ( 2012 ) . Titanic : A Fresh Look at the Evidence by a Former Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers . p. 124 . ISBN 1442218924 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 71 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 75 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 73 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , pp. 74 -- 75 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 80 . Jump up ^ Fire Down Below -- by Samuel Halpern . Retrieved 7 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , p. 122 . Jump up ^ Titanic Research & Modeling Association : Coal Bunker Fire Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , pp. 122 -- 126 . Jump up ^ Titanic : Fire & Ice ( Or What You Will ) Various Authors . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Ryan 1985 , p. 9 . Jump up ^ `` Winifreda '' . The Yard . Retrieved 21 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Mowbray 1912 , p. 278 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 24 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 13 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic and co , RMS Olympic The Old Reliable '' . Titanicandco.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ James Donahue ( 20 September 1911 ) . `` The Titanic 's Sister Ship Olympic '' . Perdurabo10.tripod.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 2 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 191 . Jump up ^ Report 1912 , p. question 20422 , Day 19 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 116 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 29 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 21 . ^ Jump up to : Barczewski 2006 , p. 284 . Jump up ^ Halpern & Weeks 2011 , p. 118 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 204 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 29 . Jump up ^ `` The Truth About The Cold Water '' . Mario Vittone . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Hypothermia safety '' . United States Power Squadrons. 23 January 2007 . Archived from the original on 8 December 2008 . Retrieved 19 February 2008 . Jump up ^ Aldridge 2008 , p. 56 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , pp. 45 -- 47 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , pp. 64 -- 65 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 238 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , pp. 242 , 245 . Jump up ^ `` A trip down Canada 's Iceberg Alley - EarthSky.org '' . earthsky.org . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 266 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 256 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 169 . Jump up ^ The Whatley Design Group , 2000 ( 15 April 1912 ) . `` A Walking Tour of Montreal -- Sites Related to the Titanic Disaster '' . Vehiculepress.com . Retrieved 13 August 2012 . Jump up ^ Kerins , Dan ( 2012 ) . `` White Star Offices , Canute Chambers , Canute Road , Southampton '' . Titanic trail . Southern Daily Echo . Retrieved 21 March 2012 . Jump up ^ In His Court . Mike Yorkey ( 2002 ) p. 127 ^ Jump up to : `` Titanic anniversary : the day Southampton went silent '' . The Telegraph . 5 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 172 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 261 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 262 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 170 , 172 . Jump up ^ Landau 2001 , pp. 22 -- 23 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 183 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 184 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 182 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 204 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 173 . Jump up ^ Lloyd 's . `` Titanic Information Sheet '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . Jump up ^ from Bing.com -- Dave Manuel 's Inflation Calculator Retrieved 21 May 2015 Jump up ^ The New York Times ; Tuesday 30 April 1912 `` GEORGE VANDERBILT 'S ESCAPE. ; Mrs. Dresser Persuaded Him Not to Sail on Titanic -- Footman Lost '' . ( in PDF format ) Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 174 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , pp. 70 -- 1 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 72 . ^ Jump up to : `` Titanic -- The Senatorial Investigation '' . United States Senate Inquiry . Retrieved 19 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , pp. 180 -- 186 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , pp. 70 -- 71 , 182 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , pp. 192 -- 194 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 194 . ^ Jump up to : Butler 1998 , p. 195 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 189 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 67 . ^ Jump up to : Lynch 1992 , p. 189 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 265 . Jump up ^ `` Lord Mersey 's Report on the Loss of the `` Titanic '' `` . Nature . 89 ( 2232 ) : 581 -- 584 . April 25 , 1912 . ISSN 0028 - 0836 . doi : 10.1038 / 089581d0 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 223 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 310 . Jump up ^ Court of Inquiry Loss of the S.S. Titanic 1912 ^ Jump up to : Butler 2002 , p. 160 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 161 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 159 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 344 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 164 -- 165 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 191 , 196 . Jump up ^ Paul Rogers . `` The Titanic and the Indifferent Stranger '' . Encyclopedia-titanica.org . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 239 . Jump up ^ Lord 1976 , p. 197 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1994 , p. 179 . Jump up ^ Howells 1999 , p. 94 . Jump up ^ Last Titanic survivor , a baby put in a lifeboat , dies at 97 The Guardian . Retrieved 31 March 2012 Jump up ^ `` Titanic and other White Star ships Titanic Crew Member Profile : Violet Constance Jessop , Ship Stewardess '' . Titanic-whitestarships.com. 19 July 1958 . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 228 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 232 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 234 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 225 . Jump up ^ `` RMS Titanic : List of Bodies and Disposition of Same '' . Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management . Retrieved 3 March 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Maritime Museum of the Atlantic Titanic Research Page -- Victims '' . Museum.gov.ns.ca. 8 November 2010 . Archived from the original on 7 December 2009 . Retrieved 29 January 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Mowbray , Jay Henry ( 1912 ) . `` Chapter xxi . the funeral ship and its dead '' . The sinking of the Titanic ( 1912 ) . Retrieved 24 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , pp. 244 -- 245 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , pp. 242 -- 243 . Jump up ^ Alan Ruffman , Titanic Remembered : The Unsinkable Ship and Halifax Formac Publishing ( 1999 ) , p. 38 . Jump up ^ `` Why So Few ? '' . Museum.gov.ns.ca . Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 166 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 221 . ^ Jump up to : Ward 2012 , pp. 171 -- 172 . Jump up ^ `` Paper says Titanic discovered '' . The San Bernardino County Sun . 1 September 1985 . p. 3 -- via Newspapers.com . Jump up ^ Halpern & Weeks 2011 , pp. 126 -- 127 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 205 . Jump up ^ Canfield & 8 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 203 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 207 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 171 . Jump up ^ Crosbie & Mortimer 2006 , p. last page ( no page number specified ) . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 259 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , pp. 248 , 251 . Jump up ^ `` Human remains pictured at Titanic shipwreck site '' . Herald Sun . Jump up ^ `` Titanic United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization '' . Unesco.org . Retrieved 2 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic 's remains to come under Unesco 's protection '' . 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Booth , Robert ( 6 April 2012 ) . `` Titanic wreck to be protected by UN maritime convention '' . The Guardian . p. 6 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Captainsvoyage - forum , lifeboat requirements '' . Captainsvoyage-forum.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) . International Maritime Organization , 1974 . Jump up ^ Conlin , Dan ( 15 April 2013 ) . `` A Titanic Report that Changed History '' . Marinecurator.blogspot.ca . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Minichiello , P.E. , Ray . `` TITANIC Tragedy Spawns Wireless Advancements '' . The Guglielmo Marconi Foundation , U.S.A. , Inc . Archived from the original on 3 December 1998 . Retrieved 30 September 2016 . CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Navigation Center , Ice Patrol '' . Navcen.uscg.gov . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ `` The ice danger in the North Atlantic '' . The Times ( 40136 ) . London . 15 February 1913 . col C , p. 4 . Jump up ^ `` 45p SY Scotia '' . Mike Skidmore . Retrieved 17 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 327 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , pp. 329 -- 330 . Jump up ^ Maniera 2003 , p. 50 . Jump up ^ Rasor 2001 , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. xii . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 267 . Jump up ^ Heyer 2012 , p. 104 . Jump up ^ Parisi 1998 , p. 223 . Jump up ^ `` The Oscars 2015 News , Blogs & Articles - Academy Awards â € '' Oscars 2015 `` . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , pp. 262 -- 263 . Jump up ^ BBC News & 31 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 252 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 251 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 261 . Jump up ^ ITV : Titanic . Retrieved 13 January 2012 Jump up ^ Iceberg Right Ahead ! -- review The Guardian . Retrieved 1 April 2012 Jump up ^ `` Cruise to mark Titanic centenary '' . BBC News . 15 April 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Gibraltar Titanic stamps '' . Gibraltar-stamps.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic -- Futility '' . Retrieved 15 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Beveridge , Bruce ; Andrews , Scott ; Hall , Steve ; Klistorner , Daniel ( 2009 ) . `` Chapter 1 : Inception & Construction Plans '' . In Braunschweiger , Art . Titanic : The Ship Magnificent . I. Gloucestershire , United Kingdom : History Press . ISBN 9780752446066 . Retrieved 25 May 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Launch of Titanic '' . National Museums Northern Ireland . 2011 . Retrieved 30 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 2005 , p. 148 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 149 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 2005 , p. 150 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ `` British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry Report . Titanic Inquiry Project . Retrieved 19 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Ltd , Australian News Channel Pty . `` China to build full - size Titanic replica '' . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Jump up ^ Xuequan , Mu . `` Chinese manufacturer builds Titanic replica '' . news.xinhuanet.com . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Full size Titanic replica will stage ' simulation ' of iceberg collision in China '' . The Independent . 30 November 2016 . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Bibliography Books : Aldridge , Rebecca ( 2008 ) . The Sinking of the Titanic . New York : Infobase Publishing . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7910 - 9643 - 7 . Ballard , Robert D. ( 1987 ) . The Discovery of the Titanic . New York : Warner Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 446 - 51385 - 2 . Barczewski , Stephanie ( 2006 ) . Titanic : A Night Remembered . London : Hambledon Continuum . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85285 - 500 - 0 . Barratt , Nick ( 2009 ) . Lost Voices From the Titanic : The Definitive Oral History . London : Random House . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84809 - 151 - 1 . Bartlett , W.B. ( 2011 ) . Titanic : 9 Hours to Hell , the Survivors ' Story . Stroud , Gloucestershire : Amberley Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4456 - 0482 - 4 . Beveridge , Bruce ; Hall , Steve ( 2004 ) . Olympic & Titanic : The Truth Behind the Conspiracy . Haverford , Pennsylvania : Infinity Publishing . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7414 - 1949 - 1 . Beveridge , Bruce ( 2008 ) . Titanic -- The Ship Magnificent Volume One : Design & Construction . Stroud : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 4606 - 6 . Beveridge , Bruce ; Hall , Steve ( 2011 ) . `` Description of the ship '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Brewster , Hugh ; Coulter , Laurie ( 1998 ) . 8821⁄2 Amazing Answers to your Questions about the Titanic . Madison Press Book . ISBN 978 - 0 - 590 - 18730 - 5 . Butler , Daniel Allen ( 1998 ) . Unsinkable : the full story of the RMS Titanic . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8117 - 1814 - 1 . Butler , Daniel Allen ( 2002 ) ( 1998 ) . Unsinkable : the full story of the RMS Titanic . USA : Da Capo Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 81110 - 4 . Chernow , Ron ( 2010 ) . The House of Morgan : An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance . New York : Grove Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8021 - 4465 - 2 . Chirnside , Mark ( 2004 ) . The Olympic - Class Ships . Stroud , England : Tempus . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 2868 - 0 . Crosbie , Duncan ; Mortimer , Sheila ( 2006 ) . Titanic : The Ship of Dreams . New York , NY : Orchard Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 439 - 89995 - 6 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1987 ) . Titanic : Destination Disaster : The Legends and the Reality . Wellingborough , UK : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 0 - 00 - 732164 - 3 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1994 ) . Titanic : Triumph and Tragedy . Wellingborough , UK : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85260 - 493 - 6 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1995 ) . Titanic : Triumph and Tragedy . New York : W.W. Norton & Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 03697 - 8 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1999 ) . Titanic : A Journey Through Time . Sparkford , Somerset : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85260 - 575 - 9 . Gill , Anton ( 2010 ) . Titanic : the real story of the construction of the world 's most famous ship . Channel 4 Books . ISBN 978 - 1 - 905026 - 71 - 5 . Halpern , Samuel ( 2011 ) . `` Account of the Ship 's Journey Across the Atlantic '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Halpern , Samuel ; Weeks , Charles ( 2011 ) . `` Description of the Damage to the Ship '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Heyer , Paul ( 2012 ) . Titanic Century : Media , Myth , and the Making of a Cultural Icon . Santa Barbara , CA : ABC - CLIO . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 39815 - 5 . Howells , Richard ( 1999 ) . The Myth of the Titanic . United Kingdom : MacMillan Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 333 - 72597 - 9 . Hutchings , David F. ; de Kerbrech , Richard P. ( 2011 ) . RMS Titanic 1909 -- 12 ( Olympic Class ) : Owners ' Workshop Manual . Sparkford , Yeovil : Haynes . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84425 - 662 - 4 . Landau , Elaine ( 2001 ) . Heroine of the Titanic : The Real Unsinkable Molly Brown . New York . pp. 22 -- 23 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 395 - 93912 - 3 . Lord , Walter ( 1976 ) . A Night to Remember . London : Penguin Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 004757 - 8 . Lord , Walter ( 1997 ) ( 1955 ) . A Night to Remember ( 3rd ed . ) . New York : Henry Holt and Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 553 - 27827 - 9 . Lord , Walter ( 2005 ) ( 1955 ) . A Night to Remember . New York : St. Martin 's Griffin . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8050 - 7764 - 3 . Lynch , Don ( 1992 ) . Titanic : An Illustrated History . New York : Hyperion . ISBN 978 - 1 - 56282 - 918 - 6 . Maniera , Leyla ( 2003 ) . Christie 's Century of Teddy Bears . London : Pavilion . ISBN 978 - 1 - 86205 - 595 - 7 . McCarty , Jennifer Hooper ; Foecke , Tim ( 2012 ) ( 2008 ) . What Really Sank The Titanic -- New Forensic Evidence . New York : Citadel . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8065 - 2895 - 3 . McCluskie , Tom ( 1998 ) . Anatomy of the Titanic . London : PRC Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85648 - 482 - 4 . Merideth , Lee W. ( 2003 ) . 1912 Facts About Titanic . Sunnyvale , CA : Rocklin Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9626237 - 9 - 0 . Mowbray , Jay Henry ( 1912 ) . Sinking of the Titanic . Harrisburg , PA : The Minter Company . OCLC 9176732 . Parisi , Paula ( 1998 ) . Titanic and the Making of James Cameron . New York : Newmarket Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55704 - 364 - 1 . Rasor , Eugene L. ( 2001 ) . The Titanic : historiography and annotated bibliography . Westport , CT : Greenwood Publishing Group . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 31215 - 1 . Reade , Leslie ( 1993 ) . The Ship That Stood Still : The Californian and Her Mysterious Role in the Titanic Disaster . Edited by Edward de Groot . New York and London : W.W. Norton & Company . ISBN 9780393035377 . Spignesi , Stephen J. ( 1998 ) . The Complete Titanic : From the Ship 's Earliest Blueprints to the Epic Film . Secaucus , New Jersey : Birch Lane Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55972 - 483 - 8 . Spignesi , Stephen J. ( 2012 ) . The Titanic For Dummies . Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 978 - 1 - 118 - 20651 - 5 . Verhoeven , John D. ( 2007 ) . Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist . Materials Park , OH : ASM International . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87170 - 858 - 8 . Ward , Greg ( 2012 ) . The Rough Guide to the Titanic . London : Rough Guides Ltd . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4053 - 8699 - 9 . Wels , Susan ( 1997 ) . Titanic : Legacy of the World 's Greatest Ocean Liner . Del Mar , California : Tehabi Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7835 - 5261 - 3 . Journals and news articles : Broad , William J. ( 8 April 1997 ) . `` Toppling Theories , Scientists Find 6 Slits , Not Big Gash , Sank Titanic '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 5 November 2011 . Broad , William J. ( 15 April 2008 ) . `` In Weak Rivets , a Possible Key to Titanic 's Doom '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 13 March 2012 . Canfield , Clarke ( 8 March 2012 ) . `` Full Titanic site mapped for 1st time '' . The Associated Press . Retrieved 9 March 2012 . Felkins , Katherine ; Leighly , HP ; Jankovic , A ( 1998 ) , `` The Royal Mail Ship Titanic : Did a Metallurgical Failure Cause a Night to Remember ? '' , JOM , Minerals , Metals & Materials Society , 50 ( 1 ) : 12 -- 18 , doi : 10.1007 / s11837 - 998 - 0062 - 7 Ryan , Paul R. ( Winter 1985 -- 1986 ) . `` The Titanic Tale '' . Oceanus . Woods Hole , MA : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . 4 ( 28 ) . `` New Titanic Belfast complex opens '' . BBC News . 31 March 2012 . Retrieved 9 April 2012 . Investigations : `` Report on the Loss of the `` Titanic . '' ( s.s. ) `` . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , Final Report ( Watertight Compartments ) . 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 14 April 2012 . Mersey , Lord ( 1999 ) ( 1912 ) . The Loss of the Titanic , 1912 . The Stationery Office . ISBN 978 - 0 - 11 - 702403 - 8 . External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` RMS Titanic '' dated 2005 - 12 - 10 , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article . 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New York Times coverage of the Titanic RMS Titanic : 100 Years Later -- An Online Newspaper Exhibition at Library of Virginia Titanic Footage and Survivors Interviews -- YouTube Titanic Disaster -- Genuine Footage 1911 -- 1912 -- British Pathe References to the Titanic in European Historic Newspapers Rare Postcard from the Titanic RMS Titanic First class facilities Second and Third class facilities Grand Staircase Animals aboard Musicians Sinking Alternative theories Changes in safety practices Legends and myths Lifeboats Lifeboat No. 1 British inquiry US inquiry Wreck of Titanic Maritime Memorial Act Deck officers Edward J. Smith ( Captain ) Henry Tingle Wilde ( Chief Officer ) William McMaster Murdoch ( First Officer ) Charles H. Lightoller ( Second Officer ) Herbert Pitman ( Third Officer ) Joseph G. Boxhall ( Fourth Officer ) Harold G. Lowe ( Fifth Officer ) James Paul Moody ( Sixth Officer ) Crew members Harold Bride William Denton Cox Sid Daniels Alfred Frank Evans Frederick Fleet Luigi Gatti Robert Hichens Violet Jessop Charles Joughin Reginald Lee Evelyn Marsden William Mintram Jack Phillips George Symons Passengers Fatalities Thomas Andrews John Jacob Astor IV David John Bowen Archibald Butt Thomas Byles Walter Donald Douglas Edith Corse Evans Annie Funk Jacques Futrelle Sidney Leslie Goodwin Benjamin Guggenheim John Harper Wallace Hartley Charles Melville Hays Edward Austin Kent Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche Francis Davis Millet Harry Markland Molson Michel Navratil Eino Viljami Panula W.T. Stead Ida Straus Isidor Straus John Borland Thayer Jr . Frank M. Warren , Sr . George Dennick Wick George Dunton Widener Harry Elkins Widener Duane Williams George Henry Wright Survivors Rhoda Abbott Madeleine Astor Lawrence Beesley Karl Behr Dickinson Bishop Mauritz Håkan Björnström - Steffansson Elsie Bowerman Francis Browne Margaret `` Molly '' Brown Daniel Buckley Helen Churchill Candee Charlotte Drake Cardeza Lucile Carter Gladys Cherry Margaret Devaney Sir Cosmo Duff - Gordon Lucy , Lady Duff - Gordon Ethel Flora Fortune Dorothy Gibson Archibald Gracie IV Frank John William Goldsmith Henry S. Harper Margaret Bechstein Hays Masabumi Hosono J. Bruce Ismay Margaret Mannion Alfred Nourney Arthur Godfrey Peuchen Edith Rosenbaum Noël Leslie , Countess of Rothes Emily Ryerson Frederic Kimber Seward Eloise Hughes Smith Jack Thayer Marian Thayer R. Norris Williams Last living survivors Lillian Asplund Ruth Becker Alden Caldwell Millvina Dean Edith Haisman Eva Hart Eleanor Ileen Johnson Louise Laroche Louise Kink Michel Marcel Navratil Winnifred Quick Marjorie Newell Robb Beatrice Sandström Barbara West Other Allison family Monuments and memorials General Memorials and monuments to the RMS Titanic Australia Bandstand ( Ballarat ) United Kingdom Engine Room Heroes ( Liverpool ) Engineers ( Southampton ) Musicians ( Southampton ) Titanic ( Belfast ) Orchestra ( Liverpool ) United States Straus Park ( New York City ) Titanic ( New York City ) Titanic ( Washington , D.C. ) Butt - Millet Memorial Fountain ( Washington , D.C. ) Popular culture Books Futility , or the Wreck of the Titan ( 1898 ) A Night to Remember ( book ) Polar the Titanic Bear Films Saved from the Titanic ( 1912 ) In Nacht und Eis ( 1912 ) Atlantic ( 1929 ) Titanic ( 1943 ) Titanic ( 1953 ) A Night to Remember ( 1958 ) The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( 1964 ) Raise the Titanic ( 1980 ) Secrets of the Titanic ( 1986 ) Titanica ( 1992 ) Titanic ( 1997 ) The Legend of the Titanic ( 1999 ) Titanic : The Legend Goes On ( 2000 ) Ghosts of the Abyss ( 2003 ) Titanic II ( 2010 ) Television S.O.S. Titanic ( 1979 ) Titanic : The Complete Story ( 1994 ) Titanic ( 1996 ) No Greater Love ( 1996 ) `` A Flight to Remember '' ( Futurama ) ( 1999 ) Titanic ( 2012 ) Titanic : Blood and Steel ( 2012 ) Saving the Titanic ( 2012 ) Music `` The Titanic ( It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down ) '' ( folk song ) The Sinking of the Titanic ( music composition ) Titanic ( musical ) The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( musical ) `` My Heart Will Go On '' ( song ) `` Nearer , My God , to Thee '' ( song ) Video games Titanic : Adventure Out of Time ( 1996 ) Titanic : Honor and Glory ( 2017 ) Museums and exhibitions SeaCity Museum ( Southampton ) Titanic Museum ( Branson , Missouri ) Titanic Museum ( Pigeon Forge , Tennessee ) Maritime Museum of the Atlantic ( Halifax ) Titanic Belfast Places Titanic ( Canada ) Titanic Canyon Titanic Quarter , Belfast Cape Race , Newfoundland Fairview Cemetery , Halifax , Nova Scotia Mount Olivet Cemetery ( Halifax ) Related Titanic Historical Society Encyclopedia Titanica Halomonas titanicae Women and children first SOS RMS Carpathia RMS Olympic HMHS Britannic Robert Ballard Replica Titanic Titanic II Olympic - class ocean liners RMS Olympic ( 1910 ) RMS Titanic ( 1911 ) HMHS Britannic ( 1914 ) See also : Replica Titanic , Titanic II Last remaining survivors of the RMS Titanic disaster 2000 -- 2009 Millvina Dean ( 1912 -- 2009 ) Barbara West ( 1911 -- 2007 ) Lillian Asplund ( 1906 -- 2006 ) Winnifred Quick ( 1904 -- 2002 ) Michel Navratil ( 1908 -- 2001 ) 1995 -- 1999 Eleanor Johnson ( 1910 -- 1998 ) Louise Laroche ( 1910 -- 1998 ) Edith Brown ( 1896 -- 1997 ) Eva Hart ( 1905 -- 1996 ) Beatrice Sandström ( 1910 -- 1995 ) 1990 -- 1994 Robertha `` Bertha '' Watt ( 1899 -- 1993 ) Ellen Shine ( 1891 -- 1993 ) Marjorie Newell ( 1889 -- 1992 ) Louise Kink ( 1908 -- 1992 ) Bertram Dean ( 1910 -- 1992 ) Alden Caldwell ( 1911 -- 1992 ) Michael Joseph ( 1907 -- 1991 ) Frank `` Philip '' Aks ( 1911 -- 1991 ) George Touma ( 1904 -- 1991 ) Anna `` Annie '' McGowan ( 1897 -- 1990 ) Ruth Becker ( 1899 -- 1990 ) Ocean liners with four funnels SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse ( 1897 ) SS Deutschland ( 1900 ) SS Kronprinz Wilhelm ( 1901 ) SS Kaiser Wilhelm II ( 1902 ) RMS Lusitania ( 1906 ) RMS Mauretania ( 1906 ) SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie ( 1906 ) SS France ( 1910 ) RMS Olympic ( 1910 ) RMS Titanic ( 1911 ) RMS Aquitania ( 1913 ) HMHS Britannic ( 1914 ) RMS Arundel Castle ( 1921 ) RMS Windsor Castle ( 1922 ) Timeline of the world 's largest passenger ships Syracusia ( 240 BC ) Thalamegos ( 200 BC ) Caravel ships ( 1400s ) SS Royal William ( 1831 ) SS Great Western ( 1837 ) SS British Queen ( 1839 ) SS President ( 1840 ) SS Great Britain ( 1845 ) HMS Himalaya ( 1854 ) RMS Atrato ( 1854 ) SS Great Eastern ( 1858 ) RMS Celtic ( 1901 ) RMS Baltic ( 1903 ) RMS Empress of Scotland ( 1906 ) RMS Lusitania ( 1907 ) RMS Mauretania ( 1907 ) RMS Olympic ( 1911 ) RMS Titanic ( 1912 ) SS Imperator ( 1913 ) SS Leviathan ( 1913 ) RMS Majestic ( 1914 ) SS Normandie ( 1935 ) RMS Queen Mary ( 1936 ) RMS Queen Elizabeth ( 1940 ) MS Sovereign of the Seas ( 1987 ) MS Sun Princess ( 1995 ) MS Carnival Sunshine ( 1996 ) MS Grand Princess ( 1997 ) MS Voyager of the Seas ( 1999 ) MS Explorer of the Seas ( 2000 ) MS Navigator of the Seas ( 2002 ) RMS Queen Mary 2 ( 2004 ) MS Freedom of the Seas / MS Liberty of the Seas / MS Independence of the Seas ( 2006 ) MS Oasis of the Seas ( 2009 ) MS Allure of the Seas ( 2010 ) MS Harmony of the Seas ( 2016 ) White Star Line ships Surviving ships Nomadic ( 1911 ) Planned Olympic ( order cancelled ) Oceanic ( never completed ) Former ships Red Jacket ( 1853 ) Blue Jacket ( 1854 ) Tayleur ( 1854 ) Oceanic ( 1870 ) Atlantic ( 1871 ) Baltic ( 1871 ) Tropic ( 1871 ) Asiatic ( 1871 ) Republic ( 1872 ) Adriatic ( 1872 ) Celtic ( 1872 ) Traffic ( 1872 ) Gaelic ( 1872 ) Belgic ( 1873 ) Britannic ( 1874 ) Germanic ( 1875 ) Arabic ( 1881 ) Coptic ( 1881 ) Ionic ( 1883 ) Doric ( 1883 ) Belgic ( 1885 ) Gaelic ( 1885 ) Cufic ( 1888 ) Runic ( 1889 ) Teutonic ( 1889 ) Majestic ( 1890 ) Tauric ( 1891 ) Magnetic ( 1891 ) Nomadic ( 1891 ) Naronic ( 1892 ) Bovic ( 1892 ) Gothic ( 1893 ) Cevic ( 1894 ) Pontic ( 1894 ) Georgic ( 1895 ) Delphic ( 1897 ) Cymric ( 1898 ) Afric ( 1899 ) Medic ( 1899 ) Persic ( 1899 ) Oceanic Runic ( 1900 ) Suevic ( 1901 ) Celtic ( 1901 ) Athenic ( 1902 ) Corinthic ( 1902 ) Ionic ( 1903 ) Cedric ( 1903 ) Victorian ( 1903 ) Armenian ( 1903 ) Arabic ( 1903 ) Romanic ( 1903 ) Cretic ( 1903 ) Republic ( 1903 ) Canopic ( 1904 ) Cufic ( 1904 ) Baltic ( 1904 ) Tropic ( 1904 ) Gallic ( 1907 ) Adriatic ( 1907 ) Laurentic ( 1909 ) Megantic ( 1909 ) Zeeland ( 1910 ) Traffic ( 1911 ) Olympic ( 1911 ) Belgic ( 1911 ) Zealandic ( 1911 ) Titanic ( 1912 ) SS Ceramic ( 1913 ) Lapland ( 1914 ) Britannic ( 1914 ) Belgic ( 1917 ) Justicia ( 1918 ) Vedic ( 1918 ) Bardic ( 1919 ) Gallic ( 1920 ) Mobile ( 1920 ) Arabic ( 1920 ) Homeric ( 1920 ) Haverford ( 1921 ) Poland ( 1922 ) Majestic ( 1922 ) Pittsburgh ( 1922 ) Doric ( 1923 ) Delphic ( 1925 ) Regina ( 1925 ) Albertic ( 1927 ) Calgaric ( 1927 ) Laurentic ( 1927 ) Britannic ( 1929 ) Georgic ( 1931 ) Ships that were lost on their maiden voyage Naval ships Vasa ( 1628 ) Galera Victoria ( 1729 ) Georgiana ( 1863 ) Flach ( 1866 ) Grosser Kurfürst ( 1878 ) Posidonia ( 1940 ) Bismarck ( 1941 ) Dinsdale ( 1942 ) Shinano ( 1944 ) Passenger ships and cargo liners Amazon ( 1851 ) City of Philadelphia ( 1854 ) New Era ( 1854 ) Tayleur ( 1854 ) Castilian ( 1899 ) Titanic ( 1912 ) Georges Philippar ( 1932 ) Magdalena ( 1949 ) Hans Hedtoft ( 1959 ) Zenobia ( 1980 ) Cargo ships Batavia ( 1629 ) Vansittart ( 1719 ) Fortuyn ( 1723 ) Zeewijk ( 1727 ) Amsterdam ( 1749 ) Royal Captain ( 1773 ) Hartwell ( 1787 ) Carrier Pigeon ( 1852 ) Crescent City ( 1871 ) Catherine Griffiths ( 1875 ) Queensmore ( 1889 ) Irex ( 1890 ) Brecknockshire ( 1916 ) Dumaru ( 1918 ) Mecanicien Donzel ( 1918 ) Hastier ( 1919 ) Treveal ( 1920 ) Adolf Vinnen ( 1923 ) Île de Los ( 1935 ) Joseph Medill ( 1935 ) Mim ( 1939 ) Empire Thunder ( 1941 ) Michael E ( 1941 ) Alexander Macomb ( 1942 ) Derryheen ( 1942 ) Empire Clough ( 1942 ) Empire Drum ( 1942 ) Empire Dryden ( 1942 ) Empire Spenser ( 1942 ) Fort Good Hope ( 1942 ) Fort la Reine ( 1942 ) George Calvert ( 1942 ) George Thatcher ( 1942 ) Sam Houston ( 1942 ) San Victorio ( 1942 ) Stangarth ( 1942 ) Stephen Hopkins ( 1942 ) Bloody Marsh ( 1943 ) Empire Florizel ( 1943 ) Fort Cedar Lake ( 1943 ) Haakon Jarl ( 1943 ) John Morgan ( 1943 ) J. Pinckney Henderson ( 1943 ) Kherzon ( 1943 ) Matt W. Ransom ( 1943 ) Molly Pitcher ( 1943 ) Fort Crevier ( 1944 ) John A. Treutlen ( 1944 ) Union Star ( 1981 ) Ranga ( 1982 ) Reijin ( 1988 ) Racing yachts Mohawk ( 1876 ) 1 = Due to enemy action . 2 = Maiden revenue - earning voyage . 3 = Constructive total loss Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1912 Shipwrecks 2 Feb : HMS A3 29 Feb : H.K. Bedford 12 Mar : Oceana 20 Mar : Koombana 2 Apr : USS Santee 15 Apr : Titanic ( sinking ) 12 May : HMS A3 May ( unknown date ) : USS Pensacola 8 Jun : Vendémiaire 26 Jun : Naniwa 8 Aug : HMS Holland 5 17 Aug : Leafield 1 Sep : HMS Waterwitch 28 Sep : Kiche Maru 4 Oct : HMS B2 16 Oct : Ralph Creyke , Nicaragua 22 Oct : SS Keystorm 31 Oct : Feth - i Bülend 23 Nov : Rouse Simmons 28 Nov : Friendship Unknown date : City of Adelaide , Fox Other incidents 18 Jan : Sarah Dixon 2 Feb : HMS Hazard 12 Mar : Pisagua 14 - 15 Apr : Californian 2 Jun : Friendship , Derwent 8 Jun : Saint Louis 16 Aug : Camano , Sioux 4 Oct : Amerika 12 Oct : Arabia December ( unknown date ) : Lady Elizabeth , Pelayo 1911 1913 Coordinates : 41 ° 43 ′ 57 '' N 49 ° 56 ′ 49 '' W / 41.73250 ° N 49.94694 ° W / 41.73250 ; - 49.94694 VIAF : 264840228 LCCN : n50082026 GND : 4121777 - 9 NLA : 52369553 IATH : w6zk9cf5 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RMS_Titanic&oldid=805999140 '' Categories : Maritime incidents in 1912 RMS Titanic 1910s in Newfoundland 1911 ships 1912 in Canada 1912 in the United Kingdom 1912 in the United States Deaths by drowning Deaths due to shipwreck Four funnel liners History of Halifax , Nova Scotia Olympic - class ocean liners Passenger ships of the United Kingdom Ship collisions with icebergs Ships built by Harland and Wolff Ships built in Belfast Ships of Ireland Ships of the White Star Line Ships sunk in collisions Shipwrecks of the Newfoundland and Labrador coast Steamships of the United Kingdom Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013 Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2012 Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use British English from July 2014 Use dmy dates from April 2017 Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles needing additional references from April 2017 All articles needing additional references Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Articles with DMOZ links Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikiquote Wikivoyage Afrikaans አማርኛ অসমীয়া Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Bikol Central Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands Nedersaksies 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Papiamentu ភាសា ខ្មែរ Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла Davvisámegiella Scots Seeltersk Shqip සිංහල Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Taqbaylit Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt 文言 Winaray ייִדיש 粵語 Zeêuws 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 October 2017 , at 00 : 34 . 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About Wikipedia | where was the titanic going when it sunk | ['\n\n\nRMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912\n\n\n\nHistory\n\n\nUnited Kingdom\n\n\nName:\nRMS Titanic\n\n\nOwner:\n White Star Line\n\n\nPort of registry:\n Liverpool, UK\n\n\nRoute:\nSouthampton to New York City\n\n\nOrdered:\n17 September 1908\n\n\nBuilder:\nHarland and Wolff, Belfast\n\n\nCost:\n$7.5 million ($300 million in 2017)\n\n\nYard number:\n401\n\n\nLaid down:\n31 March 1909\n\n\nLaunched:\n31 May 1911\n\n\nCompleted:\n2 April 1912\n\n\nMaiden voyage:\n10 April 1912\n\n\nIn service:\n10–15 April 1912\n\n\nIdentification:\nRadio call sign "MGY"\n\n\nFate:\nHit an iceberg 11:40 p.m. (ship\'s time) 14 April 1912 on her maiden voyage and sank 2 h 40 min later\n\n\nStatus:\nWreck\n\n\nGeneral characteristics\n\n\nClass and type:\nOlympic-class ocean liner\n\n\nTonnage:\n46,328 GRT\n\n\nDisplacement:\n52,310 tons\n\n\nLength:\n882 ft 9 in (269.1 m)\n\n\nBeam:\n92 ft 6 in (28.2 m)\n\n\nHeight:\n175 ft (53.3 m) (keel to top of funnels)\n\n\nDraught:\n34 ft 7 in (10.5 m)\n\n\nDepth:\n64 ft 6 in (19.7 m)\n\n\nDecks:\n9 (A–G)\n\n\nInstalled power:\n24 double-ended and five single-ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers, and a low-pressure turbine for the centre propeller;[1] output: 46,000 HP\n\n\nPropulsion:\nTwo three-blade wing propellers and one four-blade centre propeller\n\n\nSpeed:\nCruising: 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph). Max: 24 kn (44 km/h; 28 mph)\n\n\nCapacity:\nPassengers: 2,435, crew: 892. Total: 3,327 (or 3,547 according to other sources)\n\n\nNotes:\nLifeboats: 20 (sufficient for 1,178 people)\n\n'] | ['New York City'] |
RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912
History
United Kingdom
Name:
RMS Titanic
Owner:
White Star Line
Port of registry:
Liverpool, UK
Route:
Southampton to New York City
Ordered:
17 September 1908
Builder:
Harland and Wolff, Belfast
Cost:
$7.5 million ($300 million in 2017)
Yard number:
401
Laid down:
31 March 1909
Launched:
31 May 1911
Completed:
2 April 1912
Maiden voyage:
10 April 1912
In service:
10–15 April 1912
Identification:
Radio call sign "MGY"
Fate:
Hit an iceberg 11:40 p.m. (ship's time) 14 April 1912 on her maiden voyage and sank 2 h 40 min later
Status:
Wreck
General characteristics
Class and type:
Olympic-class ocean liner
Tonnage:
46,328 GRT
Displacement:
52,310 tons
Length:
882 ft 9 in (269.1 m)
Beam:
92 ft 6 in (28.2 m)
Height:
175 ft (53.3 m) (keel to top of funnels)
Draught:
34 ft 7 in (10.5 m)
Depth:
64 ft 6 in (19.7 m)
Decks:
9 (A–G)
Installed power:
24 double-ended and five single-ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers, and a low-pressure turbine for the centre propeller;[1] output: 46,000 HP
Propulsion:
Two three-blade wing propellers and one four-blade centre propeller
Speed:
Cruising: 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph). Max: 24 kn (44 km/h; 28 mph)
Capacity:
Passengers: 2,435, crew: 892. Total: 3,327 (or 3,547 according to other sources)
Notes:
Lifeboats: 20 (sufficient for 1,178 people)
|
[question]: What was the name of the ship that sank on its maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg?
[answer]: The name of the ship that sank on its maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg was the RMS Titanic. | What was the name of the ship that sank on its maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg? | The name of the ship that sank on its maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg was the RMS Titanic. | 1 | 7.366195 | 19 | 228 | 1 |
18,880 | 4,525,608,975,737,029,000 | Rupert Grint | Rupert Grint - wikipedia Rupert Grint This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 11 September 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search Rupert Grint Rupert Grint in March 2012 Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint ( 1988 - 08 - 24 ) 24 August 1988 ( age 29 ) Harlow , Essex , England Occupation Actor , producer Years active 2000 -- present Notable work Harry Potter film series Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint ( born 24 August 1988 ) is an English actor and producer . He rose to prominence playing Ron Weasley , one of the three main characters in the Harry Potter film series . Grint was cast as Ron at the age of 11 , having previously acted only in school plays and at his local theatre group . From 2001 to 2011 , he starred in all eight Harry Potter films alongside Daniel Radcliffe playing as Harry Potter and Emma Watson playing as Hermione Granger . Beginning in 2002 , Grint began to work outside of the Harry Potter franchise , playing a co-leading role in Thunderpants . He has had starring roles in Driving Lessons , a dramedy released in 2006 , and Cherrybomb , a drama film of limited release in 2010 . Grint co-starred with Bill Nighy and Emily Blunt in Wild Target , a comedy . His first film project following the end of the Harry Potter series was the 2012 anti-war film , Into the White , in which he has a supporting role . In 2013 , Grint 's new film CBGB was released and he was cast in CBS 's new show Super Clyde . Grint made his stage debut in Jez Butterworth 's Mojo in October 2013 at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London . In 2014 he voiced the character of Josh in Postman Pat : The Movie , and in 2017 , he starred in and was executive producer of the television series Snatch , based on the film of the same name . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Harry Potter ( 2001 -- 11 ) 2.2 Other work ( 2002 -- present ) 3 Personal life 4 Filmography 4.1 Film 4.2 Television 4.3 Theatre 4.4 Music 4.5 Other roles 5 Awards and nominations 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Early life ( edit ) Grint was born in Harlow , Essex , England , to Nigel Grint ( b . 1963 ) , a dealer in racing memorabilia , and Joanne Grint ( née Parsons ; b . 1967 ) . Grint is the eldest of five siblings , the others being James ( b . 1990 ) , Georgina ( b . 1993 ) , Samantha and Charlotte . He has stated that his earliest goal in life was to become an ice cream man . He attended Richard Hale School , in Hertford . While in school , Grint took an avid interest in theatre . He started performing in school productions and joined the Top Hat Stage and Screen School , a local theatre group that cast him as a fish in Noah 's Ark and a donkey in another nativity play . He continued performing in school plays as he moved into secondary school . However , Grint had never acted professionally before the Harry Potter series . At the age of 16 , he left school to focus on his acting career . `` I did n't really like school that much , '' he later commented . Career ( edit ) Harry Potter ( 2001 -- 11 ) ( edit ) Grint outside at the 2007 premiere of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix in Toronto , Ontario , Canada Handprints , footprints and wand prints of ( from left to right ) Watson , Radcliffe , Grint Starting in 2000 , casting began for the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , the best - selling novel written by author J.K. Rowling . Rowling personally insisted that the cast be British and assisted Susie Figgis and director Chris Columbus in casting the roles . Grint chose to audition for the role of protagonist Ron Weasley , one of Harry Potter 's best friends at Hogwarts , and was a fan of the book series . Having seen a Newsround report about the open casting , he sent in a video of himself rapping about how he wished to receive the role . His attempt was successful as the casting team asked for a meeting with him . On 8 August 2000 , Daniel Radcliffe , Emma Watson , and an 11 - year - old Grint were selected to play the roles of Harry , Hermione Granger , and Ron , respectively . Grint is the oldest member of the trio . The release of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone in 2001 was Grint 's debut screen performance . Breaking records for opening - day sales and opening - weekend takings , it was the highest - grossing film of that year . With a total of US $974 million in its theatrical run , Philosopher 's Stone stands as the second most commercially successful entry in the series . It was also critically well - received , scoring mainly positive reviews from critics . However , a number of critics found the adaption staying faithful to the book to be both its best and worst quality . Grint won a Satellite Award in the category of `` Outstanding New Talent '' , and a Young Artist Award for `` Most Promising Young Newcomer '' . A year later , Grint again starred as Ron in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , the second installment of the series . The film opened to positive reviews and critics generally enjoyed the lead actors ' performances . Both Los Angeles Times and New York Magazine observed that Grint and his peers had matured between films , with the latter pointing out that Grint had become `` more proficient '' and said they missed `` the amateurish ardour '' the actor and Watson carried in Philosopher 's Stone . Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) was released on 31 May in the UK . The film sees all three of its lead characters hover on the brink of adolescence , `` and while they look braver and more capable than before , the dangers they face seem far more grave and their own vulnerability more intense . '' Academy Award - nominee Alfonso Cuarón took over direction for Prisoner of Azkaban which remains the lowest - grossing Harry Potter film with US $795 million in revenue . Nonetheless it was the second highest - grossing movie of 2004 behind Shrek 2 . Despite this it remains the second highest rated in the series in terms of critical reaction . Grint signing autographs at the 2009 premiere of Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince In 2005 , Grint reprised his role again for the fourth film in the series -- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . The adaptation , unlike previous films , explored romantic elements and included more humour . In a 2005 interview with IGN , all three lead actors singled out the humour as being a reason for the film 's success . This project was directed by Mike Newell . According to the actor , the director was `` really loud and not afraid to swear at you , but he was really cool . '' Goblet of Fire stands as one of the best reviewed instalments within the series , and is noted for the maturity and sophistication of its characters , darker and more complex plotline , writing and performances of the lead actors . Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , the fifth film in the Harry Potter franchise , was released to cinemas in 2007 . A huge financial success , Order of the Phoenix set a record worldwide opening - weekend gross of US $394 million , superseding Spider - Man 3 as the title holder . This entry was directed by a new filmmaker , David Yates , who would continue to direct all of the following movies . Grint said the laid back director was `` really good '' and helped keep the material fresh . As the fame of the actor and the series continued , Grint and fellow Harry Potter cast members left imprints of their hands , feet and wands in front of Grauman 's Chinese Theater in Hollywood . On 15 July 2009 , the series 's sixth instalment , Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince , was released . It did considerably better financially than the previous film , again setting new box office records . In its total theatrical run , Half - Blood Prince totalled in US $933 million ticket sales . Also , Half - Blood Prince remains one of the most positively reviewed entries within the series among film critics , who praised the film 's `` emotionally satisfying '' story , direction , cinematography , visuals and music . Grint observed a change in Ron in this entry , pointing out that his once insecure , often overshadowed character started to become more secure and even began to show a dark side of himself . The actor found it fun to personify a more emotional Ron . Between 2009 and 2010 , his work received three nominations , including one win -- an Otto Award from the German magazine Bravo . Radcliffe , Watson and Grint at the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 premiere in London , July 2011 Despite the success of the past films , the future of the franchise was put into question as all three lead actors were unsure about signing on to continue their roles for the final two films . However , by March 2007 , Grint agreed to return for the last instalments . For financial and scripting reasons , the last book was divided into two films which were shot back to back , with filming concluding in June 2010 . After completing the final film he said : `` I mean it literally has been my childhood and suddenly it all came down to really just one random scene , with us jumping through a fireplace , and then it was over . ( ... ) But because you shoot out of sequence , it 's often just ' Turn left , cross the room , okay , that 's a wrap . ' And you 're done . ( ... ) Yeah , it 's very odd . Because suddenly it was all over , just like that . It was really emotional for all of us , realising that we 're never going to be doing this again . Grint at the film premiere of Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 at the Alice Tully Center in New York City on 15 November 2010 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 ( 2010 ) was released in November and made over US $950 million . It set several box office records and opened to mostly favourable reviews in the media . His portrayal of Ron again earned him critical praise . Reviewing the adaption in Slate , Dana Stevens called all three of the leads `` terrific . '' Despite giving Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 a negative rating , Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal publication stated `` Grint has grown up to be a skilful actor who knows the value of a slow burn '' . New York Post writer Lou Lumenick , however , observed that both Grint and Radcliffe had grown weary of playing the same characters and expressed it in their performances . Grint 's performance scored him nominations from the MTV Movie Awards and National Movie Awards for Best Fight and Performance of the Year in 2011 . Grint reprised his role for the eighth time , in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 , the last Harry Potter instalment . This film picked - up from where the previous film left - off and included a lot of action , whereas the first part had focused more on character development . Rupert , along with the film , was critically acclaimed : Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post asked , `` Who could have predicted that Radcliffe , Grint and Watson would turn out to be good actors ? '' . The film broke several box office records , including biggest midnight release , biggest first - day opening , and biggest opening - weekend . Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 got up to the 4th highest - grossing film of all time , and is the second highest - grossing non-James Cameron film with more than US $1.3 billion worldwide ( behind The Avengers ) . Harry Potter 's author J.K. Rowling gave a speech during the final , world premiere of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 on 7 July 2011 in London , England . She announced that there are seven Harry Potter film series cast members , to whom she refers as `` The Big Seven , '' and she named Grint as one of the seven members , alongside Daniel Radcliffe , Emma Watson , Tom Felton , Matthew Lewis , Evanna Lynch and Bonnie Wright . Other work ( 2002 -- present ) ( edit ) In 2002 , Grint starred in his first non-Harry Potter film , Thunderpants , which revolves around Patrick ( played by Bruce Cook ) whose remarkable capacity for flatulence scores him a job as an astronaut . In this film , Grint portrayed the co-lead role of Alan , an anosmic boy who is Patrick 's only friend . It was generally ignored by critics and audiences alike . Most of the critics that did take notice of Thunderpants did not respond well to it , with one writing : `` This film should be shown in prisons so that inmates have a good reason to never return . '' Another film he appeared in was Driving Lessons , a comedy - drama released in 2006 , where he starred opposite Julie Walters . The film was met with a mixed reception by critics , but his portrayal of an oppressed teenaged boy was generally praised . `` Grint , on the other hand , is a revelation '' , who `` displays an innate naturalness mixed with personal charisma that turn a potentially pathetic Christian freak into a humorous , thoroughly likable -- if more than a little awkward -- young man '' , wrote Alt Film Guide 's Andre Soares . In July 2008 , it was announced that Grint would star in the drama film Cherrybomb with Robert Sheehan and Kimberley Nixon . Grint found shooting this film very different from the Harry Potter films since he had to adjust to doing a dozen scenes per day . Grint 's character -- Malachy , a worker at Belfast -- goes to great lengths to impress his boss 's daughter , with whom he is infatuated . This film , like his next project , would involve him playing violent roles . Despite premiering at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival , the film was initially unable to find a distributor . An online campaign by Grint 's fans was credited with helping to secure a deal for distribution in the UK in 2010 . Jonathan Lynn directed Grint in Wild Target , a 2010 comedy thriller film , which he starred in alongside Emily Blunt and Bill Nighy . A remake of the 1993 French film Cible Emouvante , Wild Target was made on a relatively small production budget of US $8 million . However , it was a commercial failure , only earning back US $3.4 million . It also garnered mostly negative reviews in the media , which criticised it for dishonouring the original film and wasting the comedic potential of its cast , but Grint also attracted some positive notice : `` It 's nice to see Rupert Grint perform well in a role other than that of Ron Weasley , and it 's clear that he 's got a career ahead of him . '' In January 2011 , Grint made a cameo appearance in BBC popular comedy show Come Fly with Me starring comedy duo Matt Lucas and David Walliams ( Little Britain ) . In March 2011 , Grint was cast as the lead character in the small - budget anti-war Norwegian film Into the White , which was directed by Petter Næss . Principal photography started in April , and the project , which was shot on location , was released in 2012 . Into the White is based on a real incident that took place on 27 April 1940 , when German Luftwaffe pilot Horst Schopis 's bomber was shot down at Grotli by a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Blackburn Skua , which then crash - landed . The several German and British crew members found shelter by chance during a harsh winter there . Grint at the US premiere of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 in July 2011 In August 2011 , Grint did a photo shoot with his friend and Harry Potter co-star Tom Felton in Los Angeles for the autumn / winter collection of the fashion label Band of Outsiders . In September 2011 , it was announced that Grint would voice a character in the film adaptation of Postman Pat along with David Tennant , Stephen Mangan and Jim Broadbent ; the film was released in May 2014 . Grint also appears in the music video for Ed Sheeran 's song `` Lego House '' ; the video was released on 20 October 2011 . In March 2012 , the `` Visit Britain '' TV ad was released , which features Grint alongside Julie Walters , Michelle Dockery and Stephen Fry . The TV ad promotes holidaying at home in the UK . On 14 March 2012 , Variety reported that Grint had been cast alongside Chloë Grace Moretz in The Drummer , a biopic film about drummer Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys . On the same day , The Hollywood Reporter confirmed this and announced filming was scheduled to begin on 15 June 2012 in California and Savannah , Georgia On 25 July 2012 , Grint carried the 2012 London Olympic torch during the Olympic Torch Relay , which is part of 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London . In interviews , Rupert told the BBC News that it was an `` overwhelming '' experience that he hoped to remember forever , and told The Daily Telegraph `` It was amazing , it was really overwhelming . It 's just such an honour to be a part of this . I 'm really proud '' . In October 2012 , Grint narrated We Are Aliens , a 25min 3D Planetarium Fulldome film about the possibility of other intelligent life in our Universe . On 13 February 2013 , The Hollywood Reporter 's Live Feed announced that Grint would star in a television show on CBS called Super Clyde . `` Grint will play the title role of Clyde , the well - meaning and sweet yet slightly neurotic guy who never feels like he really fits in . The avid comic book reader considers himself a borderline agoraphobic with mild to severe anxiety issues who wishes he were a super hero himself . When Clyde inherits a $100,000 a month inheritance from his long - dead eccentric Uncle Bill , he decides that the cash will be his secret super power and will use it only for good and reward the good - hearted . '' In July 2013 , it was confirmed that Grint will be making his stage debut in Jez Butterworth 's second run of his black comedy , Mojo , playing the role as a minor hood called Sweets who pops amphetamines like Smarties and does a sort of double act , full of comic menace . Grint will be starring alongside actors Brendan Coyle , Ben Whishaw and Daniel Mays . The play is based on real - life events and ran from 26 October 2013 until 8 February 2014 at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London . He won the WhatsOnStage Award for Best London Newcomer for his role in this play . In September 2013 , The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that in an adaptation of Macbeth called Enemy of Man , Grint will be starring with Sean Bean , Charles Dance , Jason Flemyng , James D'Arcy , Neil Maskell and Joe Gilgun , directed by Vincent Regan . The filming production began in January 2014 in the United Kingdom . In June 2014 , it was announced that Grint would make his Broadway debut as Frank Finger in the play It 's Only a Play at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre , appearing alongside Matthew Broderick , Nathan Lane , Stockard Channing , and Megan Mullally . Grint 's first performance was on 28 August 2014 and his last performance was on 4 January 2015 . Personal life ( edit ) Grint is involved with charity , having donated items such as clothes to charity auctions , as well as participating in the Wacky Rally in 2010 with James and Oliver Phelps , which raised money for Britain 's Royal National Lifeboat Institution . He was one of more than forty participants to produce designs for Chrysalis Collection for Keech Hospice Care in London . His piece , a painted butterfly , was auctioned on eBay.com in March 2010 . In May 2011 , along with other celebrities , Grint took part in the ad campaign for `` Make Mine Milk '' to promote daily milk drinking . His ads can be seen on thousands of bus sides and posters across the United Kingdom . Grint supports Little Star Award since 2011 in support of Cancer Research UK , joining Leona Lewis among others . `` I think that it 's wonderful that Cancer Research UK is helping to bring a little bit of magic to the children 's lives in this way , '' said Grint . Grint is private about his personal life , but was confirmed to be in a relationship in October 2014 . Filmography ( edit ) Film ( edit ) Key Denotes films that have not yet been released Year Title Role Director ( s ) Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Ron Weasley Chris Columbus 2002 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Thunderpants Alan A. Allen Peter Hewitt Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Ron Weasley Alfonso Cuarón 2005 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Mike Newell 2006 Driving Lessons Ben Marshall Jeremy Brock 2007 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Ron Weasley David Yates 2009 Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Cherrybomb Malachy McKinney Glenn Leyburn & Lisa Barros D'Sa Wild Target Tony Jonathan Lynn Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 Ron Weasley David Yates 2011 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 2012 Cross of Honour Gunner Robert Smith Petter Næss 2013 The Necessary Death of Charlie Countryman Karl Fredrik Bond CBGB Cheetah Chrome Randall Miller The Unbeatables Amadeo ( voice ) Juan José Campanella 2014 Postman Pat : The Movie Josh ( voice ) Mike Disa 2015 Moonwalkers Jonny Antoine Bardou - Jacquet Television ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes 2005 Happy Birthday , Peter Pan Peter Pan ( voice ) TV documentary special Come Fly with Me Himself BBC One mockumentary television comedy series , one episode 2012 American Dad ! Liam ( voice ) `` Killer Vacation '' 2012 Top Gear Himself As the star in the reasonably priced car 2013 Super Clyde Clyde Pilot ( CBS Released Online ) 2016 Tracey Ullman 's Show Himself 1 episode 2016 The Artist August `` Gustl '' Kubizek Mini-Series ( Sky Arts ) 2017 Sick Note Daniel Glass Series ( Sky Atlantic ) 2017 Snatch Charlie Cavendish Series ( Sony Pictures Television ) 2017 Urban Myths August Kubizek ( Adolf 's Roommate ) `` Adolf the Artist '' ( Episode ) TBA Imperial City TBA ( main role ) Pre-production Theatre ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes 2013 Mojo Sweets Stage production at the Harold Pinter Theatre , London 2014 It 's Only a Play Frank Finger Stage production at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre , Broadway Music ( edit ) Year Title Format Notes 2011 `` Lego House '' Music Video Song by English singer - songwriter Ed Sheeran 2012 `` Over the Rainbow '' Song Into the White Soundtrack 2014 `` Struck by Lightning '' Song Postman Pat : The Movie Soundtrack Other roles ( edit ) Year Title Role Notes 2003 Baggy Trousers Molesworth Series , BBC Radio 4 2012 We Are Aliens Narrator The National Space Centre 's Show Awards and nominations ( edit ) Year Award Film Result 2002 Satellite Award Outstanding New Talent Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Won Young Artist Award Most Promising Young Newcomer Won Best Ensemble in a Feature Film ( Shared with Emma Watson and Tom Felton ) Nominated 2006 2006 MTV Movie Awards Best On - Screen Team ( shared with Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson ) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Nominated 2007 National Movie Award Best Performance by a Male Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Nominated 2009 Portrait Choice Award Best Male Movie Performance Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince Nominated 2009 Scream Awards Best Supporting Actor Nominated Best Ensemble Won BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards Best British Actor Nominated Otto Award Movie Star Won 36th People 's Choice Awards Favorite On - Screen Team Nominated 2011 National Movie Awards Performance of the Year Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 Nominated 2011 MTV Movie Awards Best Fight ( Shared with Daniel Radcliffe , Emma Watson , Arben Bajraktaraj and Rod Hunt ) Nominated 2011 Scream Awards Best Supporting Actor Nominated BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards Best British Actor Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 Won IGN Summer Movie Awards Best Ensemble Cast Nominated San Diego Film Critics Society Award Best Ensemble Performance Won Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award Best Ensemble Nominated 2012 38th People 's Choice Awards Favorite Movie Ensemble Won Favourite Film Star ( under 25 ) Nominated 2012 MTV Movie Awards Best Kiss ( Shared With Emma Watson ) Nominated Best Cast ( Shared with Daniel Radcliffe , Emma Watson and Tom Felton ) Won 2014 WhatsOnStage Awards Best London Newcomer of the Year Mojo Won See also ( edit ) List of Harry Potter cast members References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Rupert Grint biography '' . biography.com . Retrieved 26 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Ron Weasley ( Note : Click appropriate actor 's image , click `` Actor Bio '' ) `` . Warner Bros. Retrieved 8 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Benedict , David . `` West End Review : ' Mojo ' '' . ^ Jump up to : O'Sullivan , Michael ( 6 November 2006 ) . `` Rupert Grint : In the Driver 's Seat Now '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Whitty , Stephen . `` Rupert Grint interview : ' Potter ' star chats about famed role in blockbuster series '' . New Jersey On - Line . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Hiscock , John ( 29 June 2007 ) . `` How Harry Potter and friends grew up '' . The Daily Telegraph . London : Telegraph Media Group Limited . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Linder , Brian ( 30 March 2000 ) . `` Chris Columbus Talks Potter '' . IGN . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Palmer , Martyn ( 3 November 2001 ) . `` When Danny Met Harry '' . The Times . UK : Times Newspapers . pp. 28 -- 30 ( Times Magazine supplement ) . Jump up ^ `` Daniel Radcliffeyes , Rupert Grint and Emma Watson Bring Harry , Ron and Hermione to Life for Warner Bros. Pictures Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone '' . Warner Bros. 21 August 2000 . Archived from the original on 4 April 2007 . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Rupert Grint : Teenage Ice Cream Man '' . CBS News . CBS Interactive Inc. 17 July 2007 . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 2001 Worldwide Grosses '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Rupert Grint '' . The-Numbers.com . Nash Information Services , LLC . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Rupert Grint '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` 2002 6th Annual SATELLITE TM Awards '' . Satellite Awards . Archived from the original on 10 May 2011 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Twenty - Third Annual Young Artist Awards 2002 '' . Young Artist Awards . Jump up ^ Turan , Kenneth ( 15 November 2002 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 28 December 2005 . Retrieved 22 September 2007 . Jump up ^ Rainer , Peter ( 16 January 2003 ) . `` Chamber Made '' . New York Magazine . New York Media LLC . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ A.O. Scott ( 3 June 2004 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban : Film review '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 25 May 2008 . Retrieved 23 September 2007 . Jump up ^ Arthur , Nicole ( 4 June 2004 ) . `` Cuaron 's Magic Touch '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 2004 WORLDWIDE GROSSES '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Daniel Radcliffe , Emma Watson and Rupert Grint '' . IGN. 15 November 2005 . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Interview with Rupert Grint '' . IGN. 26 June 2007 . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ( 2005 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` All Time worldwide opening records '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 25 September 2007 . Jump up ^ `` David Yates to Direct ' Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix ' '' . Box Office Mojo. 19 January 2005 . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hollywood Blvd Celebrates Potter 's ' Wands of Fame ' '' . KCBS - TV . CBS . 9 July 2007 . Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 10 July 2007 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Adam ( 15 July 2009 ) . `` ' Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince ' Breaks Midnight Records '' . MTV . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . Jump up ^ Grey , Brandon ( 16 July 2009 ) . `` Sixth ' Harry Potter ' Posts Franchise - Best Opening Day '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . Jump up ^ Yamato , Jen . `` How Good is Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince ? '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 2 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive Inc . Retrieved 2 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` BRAVO OTTO - Wahl 2010 ! '' ( in German ) . Bravo . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter Will Be Played by Daniel Radcliffe in Final Two Flicks '' . MTV . 2 March 2007 . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . 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Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : MTV Movie Award Staff ( 3 May 2011 ) . `` ' Eclipse , ' ' Inception ' Lead 2011 MTV Movie Awards Nominations '' . MTV . Retrieved 30 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Nominees and Trailers '' . National Movie Awards . Jump up ^ Nordyke , Kimberly ( 26 November 2010 ) . `` Daniel Radcliffe on the Differences Between ' Deathly Hallow ' Parts 1 and 2 '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Hornaday , Ann ( 13 July 2011 ) . `` Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved 4 September 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Gray , Brandon ( 16 July 2011 ) . `` ' Harry Potter ' Conjures Opening Day Record '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 4 September 2011 . Jump up ^ Gray , Brandon ( 18 July 2011 ) . `` Weekend Report : ' Harry ' Makes History '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 4 September 2011 . Jump up ^ `` All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 4 September 2011 . Jump up ^ tzekoulis ( 7 July 2011 ) . `` J.K. Rowling 's Emotional Speech at the Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 London Premiere '' . Retrieved 2 October 2016 -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ Waldron - Mantgani , Ian ( 28 May 2002 ) . `` Review : Thunderpants '' . UK Critic . Jump up ^ `` DRIVING LESSONS -- Rupert Grint , Julie Walters '' . Alt Film Guide . 28 September 2006 . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Vineyard , Jennifer ( 29 September 2008 ) . `` Rupert Grint Gets Bloody for ' Cherrybomb ' -- Check Out Exclusive Photos ! '' . MTV . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Fans secure film deal for Grint '' . BBC News . BBC . 5 October 2009 . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Dawtrey , Adam ( 18 May 2008 ) . `` CinemaNX boards trio '' . Variety . Reed Business Information . Retrieved 7 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Wild Target '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 7 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Wild Target ( 2009 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved 7 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Wild Target review -- Best For Film -- Film reviews and movie news '' . Bestforfilm.com. 24 June 2010 . Retrieved 9 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Rupert Grint Cameo Appearance In `` Come fly with me '' `` . Teen Stars World . Flixster . Retrieved 15 January 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Rupert Grint to star in Comrade '' . Harry Potter Fans. 24 March 2011 . Retrieved 9 November 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Jensen , Rossing ( 6 April 2011 ) . `` Rupert Grint starts shooting Norwegian WWII epic Comrade '' . Screen Daily . Retrieved 7 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter stars give modelling a whirl '' . Marie Claire . Retrieved 2016 - 03 - 18 . Jump up ^ Kemp , Stuart ( 16 September 2011 ) . `` Rupert Grint Joins Voice Cast for Big - Screen Version of British Kids ' TV Show ' Postman Pat ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 9 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Music Video : Ed Sheeran `` Lego House '' Starring Rupert Grint `` . The Round Table Online . Associated Newspapers Ltd. 21 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 October 2011 . Jump up ^ Whitelocks , Sadie ( 7 March 2012 ) . `` Downton - by - sea : Stars of the screen unite to promote UK tourism and our glorious landscapes '' . Daily Mail . London . Jump up ^ Stewart , Andrew ( 14 March 2012 ) . `` Moretz , Grint join ' Drummer ' cast '' . Variety . Jump up ^ `` chloe moretz rupert grint join beach boy biopic '' . hollywoodreporter.com . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 05 . Jump up ^ Harry Potter star Rupert Grint carries Olympic Flame . BBC . Retrieved on 25 July 2012 Jump up ^ `` London 2012 Olympics : Harry Potter star Rupert Grint carries torch '' . The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved on 26 July 2012 Jump up ^ `` Meet our Narrator '' . 10 December 2012 . Retrieved 1 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( 13 February 2013 ) . `` ' Harry Potter 's ' Rupert Grint to Star in CBS ' Greg Garcia Comedy ' Super Clyde ' '' . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 1 May 2013 . 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Jump up ^ `` Stars donate clothes to cancer charity auction '' . OK !. 25 March 2010 . Archived from the original on 23 August 2012 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` James and Oliver Phelps -- Actors '' . Royal National Lifeboat Institution . Archived from the original on 27 July 2011 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter 's Rupert Grint turn artist for charity '' . Metro . Associated Newspapers Ltd. 1 March 2010 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Rupert Grint joins celebrities backing milk campaign '' . BBC News . BBC . 9 May 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Harry Potter star in search for courageous cancer children in Birmingham '' . Birmingham Mail . Associated Newspapers Ltd. 21 November 2011 . Retrieved 21 November 2011 . Jump up ^ Moodie , Clemmie ( 3 October 2014 ) . `` Harry Potter star Rupert Grint : Money I got was ' ridiculous ' '' . mirror.co.uk . Retrieved 2 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Go Ron Then ! Rupert Grint Will Play a Hero For New Comic Book Based TV Show '' . moviepilot.com . Retrieved 2 October 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Rupert Grint to star in comic book pilot '' . digitalspy.co.uk. 29 October 2015 . Retrieved 2 October 2016 . Jump up ^ Carroll , Larry ( 24 April 2006 ) . `` Alba , Carell , ' Crashers , ' ' Virgin ' Big Nominees For MTV Movie Awards '' . MTV . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` National Movie Awards 2007 winners '' . BBC News . BBC . 29 September 2009 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ Lee , Angela. `` 2009 Portrait Choice Awards as voted by YOU ! '' . Portrait Choice Award . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Press Office -- Radio 1 's Teen Awards winners announced '' . BBC . 15 November 2010 . Retrieved 8 November 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Johnny Depp , Sandra Bullock Top 2010 People 's Choice Awards Winners '' . AOL TV . AOL Inc. 7 January 2010 . Retrieved 5 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 2011 IGN Award for Best Ensemble Cast '' . IGN . Retrieved 13 November 2011 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rupert Grint . Rupert Grint on IMDb Rupert Grint at Box Office Mojo Rupert Grint : Overview at MSN Movies site Rupert Grint at TV.com ( hide ) MTV Movie Award for Best On - Screen Duo Best On - Screen Duo Dana Carvey & Mike Myers ( 1992 ) Mel Gibson & Danny Glover ( 1993 ) Harrison Ford & Tommy Lee Jones ( 1994 ) Sandra Bullock & Keanu Reeves ( 1995 ) Chris Farley & David Spade ( 1996 ) Nicolas Cage & Sean Connery ( 1997 ) John Travolta & Nicolas Cage ( 1998 ) Jackie Chan & Chris Tucker ( 1999 ) Mike Myers & Verne Troyer ( 2000 ) Mark Wahlberg & Seth MacFarlane ( 2013 ) Vin Diesel & Paul Walker ( 2014 ) Zac Efron & Dave Franco ( 2015 ) Hugh Jackman & Dafne Keen ( 2017 ) Best On - Screen Team Drew Barrymore , Cameron Diaz & Lucy Liu ( 2001 ) Vin Diesel & Paul Walker ( 2002 ) Sean Astin , Andy Serkis & Elijah Wood ( 2003 ) Adam Sandler & Drew Barrymore ( 2004 ) Lindsay Lohan , Rachel McAdams , Lacey Chabert & Amanda Seyfried ( 2005 ) Vince Vaughn & Owen Wilson ( 2006 ) Best Cast Daniel Radcliffe , Rupert Grint , Emma Watson & Tom Felton ( 2012 ) VIAF : 85081712 LCCN : no2002035841 ISNI : 0000 0001 1450 2042 GND : 132159422 SUDOC : 077284259 BNF : cb14071476r ( data ) BNE : XX1668132 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Grint&oldid=800017521 '' Categories : 1988 births 21st - century English male actors People from Harlow English male child actors English male film actors English male radio actors English male television actors Male actors from Essex Living people English male stage actors English male voice actors People from Watton - at - Stone People educated at Richard Hale School Hidden categories : CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Wikipedia pending changes protected pages ( level 1 ) Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use dmy dates from April 2014 Use British English from April 2014 Good articles Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Alemannisch Azərbaycanca বাংলা Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски मराठी მარგალური Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Žemaitėška 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 September 2017 , at 04 : 26 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is the actor that plays ron weasley | ['Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint[2] (born 24 August 1988) is an English actor and producer. He rose to prominence playing Ron Weasley, one of the three main characters in the Harry Potter film series. Grint was cast as Ron at the age of 11, having previously acted only in school plays and at his local theatre group. From 2001 to 2011, he starred in all eight Harry Potter films alongside Daniel Radcliffe playing as Harry Potter and Emma Watson playing as Hermione Granger.'] | ['Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint'] | Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint[2] (born 24 August 1988) is an English actor and producer. He rose to prominence playing Ron Weasley, one of the three main characters in the Harry Potter film series. Grint was cast as Ron at the age of 11, having previously acted only in school plays and at his local theatre group. From 2001 to 2011, he starred in all eight Harry Potter films alongside Daniel Radcliffe playing as Harry Potter and Emma Watson playing as Hermione Granger. |
[question]: What is Rupert Grint's claim to fame?
[answer]: Rupert Grint is famous for playing the role of Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter film series. | What is Rupert Grint's claim to fame? | Rupert Grint is famous for playing the role of Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter film series. | 1 | 7.36426 | 17 | 82 | 1 |
4,073 | -6,309,628,195,830,011,000 | The Lorax | The Lorax - wikipedia The Lorax Jump to : navigation , search This article is about a book . For other uses , see Lorax ( disambiguation ) . The Lorax Author Dr. Seuss Country United States Language English Genre Children 's literature Publisher Random House Publication date 1971 ( renewed 1999 ) Pages 56 ISBN 0 - 394 - 82337 - 0 OCLC 183127 Dewey Decimal ( E ) LC Class PZ8. 3. G276 Lo Preceded by `` I Can Write -- By Me , Myself '' Followed by `` Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now ! '' The Lorax is a children 's book written by Dr. Seuss and first published in 1971 . It chronicles the plight of the environment and the Lorax , who speaks for the trees against the Once - ler . As in most Dr. Seuss works , most of the creatures mentioned are original to the book . The book is commonly recognized as a fable concerning the danger corporate greed poses to nature , using the literary element of personification to give life to industry as the Once - ler and the environment as the Lorax . The Lorax was Dr. Seuss ' personal favorite of his books . He was able to create a story addressing economic and environmental issues without it being dull . `` The Lorax , '' he once explained , `` came out of me being angry . In The Lorax I was out to attack what I think are evil things and let the chips fall where they might . '' Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Reception 3 Controversy 4 Adaptations 4.1 1972 television special 4.2 2012 feature film 4.3 Audio books 4.4 Musical 5 See also 6 References Plot ( edit ) A boy living in a polluted area visits a strange isolated man called the Once - ler on the Street of the Lifted Lorax . The boy pays the Once - ler fifteen cents , a nail , and the shell of a great - great - great grandfather snail to hear the legend of how the Lorax was lifted and taken away . The Once - ler tells the boy of his arrival in a beautiful valley containing a forest of Truffula trees and a range of animals . The Once - ler , having long searched for such a tree as the Truffula , chops one down and uses its silk - like foliage to knit a Thneed , an impossibly versatile garment . The Lorax , who `` speaks for the trees '' as they have no tongues , emerges from the stump of the Truffula and voices his disapproval both of the sacrifice of the tree and of the Thneed itself . However , the first other person to happen by purchases the Thneed for $3.98 , so the Once - ler is encouraged and starts a business making and selling Thneeds . The Once - ler 's small shop soon grows into a factory . The Once - ler 's relatives all come to work for him and new vehicles and equipment are brought in to log the Truffula forest and ship out Thneeds . The Lorax appears again to report that the small bear - like Bar - ba - loots , who eat Truffula fruits , are short of food and must be sent away to find more . The Lorax later returns to complain that the factory has polluted the air and the water , forcing the Swanee - Swans and Humming - Fish to migrate as well . The Once - ler is unrepentant and defiantly tells the Lorax that he will keep on `` biggering '' his business , but at that moment one of his machines fells the very last Truffula tree . Without raw materials , the factory shuts down and the Once - ler 's relatives leave . The Lorax says nothing but with one sad backward glance lifts himself into the air `` by the seat of his pants '' and disappears behind the smoggy clouds . Where he last stood is a small monument engraved with a single word : `` UNLESS '' . The Once - ler ponders the message for years , in solitude and self - imposed exile . In the present , his buildings falling apart around him , the Once - ler at last realizes out loud what the Lorax meant : `` Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot , nothing is going to get better . It 's not . '' He then gives the boy the last Truffula seed and urges him to grow a forest from it , saying that , if the trees can be protected from logging , then the Lorax and all of his friends may come back . Reception ( edit ) Based on a 2007 online poll , the National Education Association named The Lorax one of its `` Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children '' . In 2012 it was ranked number 33 among the `` Top 100 Picture Books '' in a survey published by School Library Journal -- the second of five Dr. Seuss books on the list . In a retrospective critique written in the journal Nature in 2011 upon the 40th anniversary of the book 's publication , Emma Marris described the Lorax character as a `` parody of a misanthropic ecologist '' . She called the book `` gloomy '' and expressed skepticism that its message would resonate with small children in the manner intended . Nevertheless , she praised the book as effective in conveying the consequences of ecological destruction in a way that young children will understand . Controversy ( edit ) In 1988 , a small school district in California kept the book on a reading list for second graders , though some in the town claimed the book was unfair to the logging industry . Terri Birkett , a member of a family - owned hardwood flooring factory , authored The Truax , offering a logging - friendly perspective to an anthropomorphic tree known as the Guardbark . This book was published by the National Oak Flooring Manufacturers ' Association ( NOFMA ) . Just as in The Lorax , the book consists of a disagreement between two people . The logging industry representative states that they have efficiency and re-seeding efforts . The Guardbark , a personification of the environmentalist movement much as the Once - ler is for big business , refuses to listen and lashes out . But in the end , he is convinced by the logger 's arguments . However , this story was criticized for what were viewed as skewed arguments and clear self - interest , particularly a `` casual attitude toward endangered species '' that answered the Guardbark 's concern for them . In addition , the book 's approach as a more blatant argument , rather than one worked into a storyline , was also noted . The line `` I hear things are just as bad up in Lake Erie '' was removed more than fourteen years after the story was published , after two research associates from the Ohio Sea Grant Program wrote to Seuss about the clean - up of Lake Erie . The line remains in the home video releases of the television special and in the audiobook read by Rik Mayall . Adaptations ( edit ) 1972 television special ( edit ) Main article : The Lorax ( 1972 film ) The book was adapted as an animated musical television special produced by DePatie - Freleng Enterprises , directed by Hawley Pratt and starring the voices of Eddie Albert and Bob Holt . It was first aired by CBS on February 14 , 1972 . A reference to pollution of Lake Erie was spoken by one of the Humming - Fish as they depart ; it remains in DVD releases of the show , although later removed from the book . The special also shows the Once - ler arguing with himself , and asking the Lorax whether shutting down his factory ( thus putting hundreds of people out of work ) is practical . An abridged version of the special is used in the 1994 TV movie In Search of Dr. Seuss , with Kathy Najimy 's reporter character hearing the Once - ler 's story . 2012 feature film ( edit ) Main article : The Lorax ( film ) On March 2 , 2012 , Universal Studios and Illumination Entertainment released a 3 - D CGI film based upon the book . The release coincided with the 108th birthday of Seuss , who died at 87 in 1991 . The cast includes Danny DeVito as the Lorax , Zac Efron as Ted ( the boy in the book ) , and Ed Helms as the Once - ler . The film includes several new characters : Rob Riggle as villain Aloysius O'Hare , Betty White as Ted 's Grammy Norma , Jenny Slate as Ted 's neurotic mother Mrs. Wiggins , and Taylor Swift as Audrey , Ted 's romantic interest . The film debuted in the No. 1 spot at the box office , making $70 million , though it received mixed reviews . The film eventually grossed a domestic total of $214,030,500 . Audio books ( edit ) Two audio readings have been released on CD , one narrated by Ted Danson in the United States ( Listening Library , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8072 - 1873 - 0 ) and one narrated by Rik Mayall in the United Kingdom ( HarperCollins , ISBN 978 - 0 - 00 - 715705 - 1 ) . Musical ( edit ) A musical adaptation of The Lorax was originally included in script for the Broadway musical Seussical , but was cut before the show opened . From December 2 , 2015 , to January 16 , 2016 , a musical version of the book ran at the Old Vic theatre in London . With former Noah and the Whale frontman , Charlie Fink , who wrote the music for the production . See also ( edit ) Revegetation References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Bird , Elizabeth ( July 6 , 2012 ) . `` Top 100 Picture Books Poll Results '' . A Fuse No. 8 Production . Blog . School Library Journal ( blog.schoollibraryjournal.com ) . Retrieved August 22 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Lisa Lebduska . `` Rethinking Human Need : Seuss 's The Lorax . '' Children 's Literature Association Quarterly 19.4 ( 1994 ) : 170 - 176 . Project MUSE . Web . October 20 , 2014 . < http://muse.jhu.edu/ > . Jump up ^ National Education Association ( 2007 ) . `` Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children '' . Retrieved August 22 , 2012 . Jump up ^ In retrospect : The Lorax . Marris , E. 2011 . Nature . 476 : 147 -- 149 . Jump up ^ `` California : Chopping Down Dr. Seuss '' . Time . October 2 , 1989 . Jump up ^ `` A Boy Sides with Dr. Seuss 's Lorax , and Puts a Town at Loggerheads -- Vol. 32 No. 17 '' . October 23 , 1989 . Retrieved October 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Truax '' . Terri Birkett . National Oak Flooring Manufacturers ' Association ( NOFMA ) Environmental Committee . ( PDF ) . Jump up ^ `` The People - Centered Development Forum - Living Economies Forum '' . Archived from the original on May 9 , 2002 . Retrieved January 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` What 's A Truax ? Well I 'm So Glad You Asked , Let Me Tell You ! - Ann Arbor District Library '' . Retrieved January 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Green Eggs & Sham ? 10 / 16 / 2001 . The Daily Show With Jon Stewart . `` According to Terri Birkett , a popular Dr. Seuss character is being used to teach children to hate the wood products industry '' . Jump up ^ `` Dr. Seuss & Mr. Geisel : a biography '' . Judith & Neil Morgan . Random House . 1995 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 679 - 41686 - 9 . Jump up ^ The Lorax at Box Office Mojo Jump up ^ Jones , Kenneth ( June 1 , 2007 ) . `` Ahrens & Flaherty Double Bill of Musicals Pairs Lorax and Emperor 's New Clothes '' . Playbill . Retrieved December 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on July 2 , 2015 . Retrieved July 1 , 2015 . Dr. Seuss Characters The Cat in the Hat The Grinch Horton the Elephant Bartholomew Cubbins Bibliography And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins The King 's Stilts The Seven Lady Godivas Horton Hatches the Egg McElligot 's Pool Thidwick the Big - Hearted Moose Bartholomew and the Oobleck If I Ran the Zoo Scrambled Eggs Super ! Horton Hears a Who ! On Beyond Zebra ! If I Ran the Circus How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! The Cat in the Hat The Cat in the Hat Comes Back Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories Happy Birthday to You ! Green Eggs and Ham One Fish , Two Fish , Red Fish , Blue Fish The Sneetches and Other Stories Dr. Seuss 's Sleep Book Dr. Seuss 's ABC Hop on Pop Fox in Socks I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew I Wish That I Had Duck Feet Come over to My House The Foot Book I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today ! and Other Stories My Book about ME Mr. Brown Can Moo ! Can You ? : Dr. Seuss 's Book of Wonderful Noises ! The Lorax Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now ! Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are ? The Shape of Me and Other Stuff There 's a Wocket in My Pocket Great Day for Up ! Wacky Wednesday Oh , the Thinks You Can Think ! The Cat 's Quizzer I Can Read with My Eyes Shut ! Oh Say Can You Say ? Hunches in Bunches The Butter Battle Book You 're Only Old Once ! I Am Not Going to Get Up Today ! Oh , the Places You 'll Go ! Daisy - Head Mayzie My Many Colored Days Hooray for Diffendoofer Day ! The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories What Pet Should I Get ? Adaptations Television series The Gerald McBoing - Boing Show ( 1956 -- 57 ) The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss ( 1996 -- 98 ) ( episodes ) Gerald McBoing - Boing ( 2005 -- 07 ) The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That ! ( 2010 -- present ) ( episodes ) Green Eggs and Ham ( 2018 ) Television specials Dr. Seuss ' How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( 1966 ) Horton Hears a Who ! ( 1970 ) The Cat in the Hat ( 1971 ) The Lorax ( 1972 ) Dr. Seuss on the Loose ( 1973 ) The Hoober - Bloob Highway ( 1975 ) Halloween Is Grinch Night ( 1977 ) Pontoffel Pock , Where Are You ? ( 1980 ) The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat ( 1982 ) The Butter Battle Book ( 1989 ) In Search of Dr. Seuss ( 1994 ) Daisy - Head Mayzie ( 1995 ) Film Horton Hatches the Egg ( short ; 1942 ) Gerald McBoing - Boing ( short ; 1950 ) How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( 2000 ) The Cat in the Hat ( 2003 ) Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) The Lorax ( 2012 ) The Grinch ( 2018 ) The Cat in the Hat ( TBA ) Other media Welcome ( Russian short film ) Seussical ( musical ) Dr. Seuss ' How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! The Musical The Grinch ( video game ) Dr. Seuss : How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( video game ) `` You 're a Mean One , Mr. Grinch '' ( song ) The Lorax ( play ) Other works Private Snafu The Pocket Book of Boners Your Job in Germany Our Job in Japan Design for Death The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T . Hejji Society of Red Tape Cutters Flit Related A Fish out of Water Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum Beginner Books Dr. Seuss Goes to War The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss Dr. Seuss National Memorial Geisel Award Geisel Library Geisel School of Medicine Helen Palmer PM Political messages of Dr. Seuss Read Across America Seuss Landing as `` Theo . LeSieg '' . Posthumous . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lorax&oldid=843051854 '' Categories : 1971 children 's books Books by Dr. Seuss American picture books Environmental fiction books Literature featuring anthropomorphic characters Environmentalist books Fictional endangered and extinct species Dr. Seuss characters Fictional characters introduced in 1971 Books adapted into films Books adapted into plays Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from October 2017 Pages to import images to Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español فارسی Français Кыргызча Português Русский Simple English Edit links This page was last edited on 26 May 2018 , at 14 : 47 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what kind of trees does the lorax try to save | ['The Once-ler tells the boy of his arrival in a beautiful valley containing a forest of Truffula trees and a range of animals. The Once-ler, having long searched for such a tree as the Truffula, chops one down and uses its silk-like foliage to knit a Thneed, an impossibly versatile garment. The Lorax, who "speaks for the trees" as they have no tongues, emerges from the stump of the Truffula and voices his disapproval both of the sacrifice of the tree and of the Thneed itself. However, the first other person to happen by purchases the Thneed for $3.98, so the Once-ler is encouraged and starts a business making and selling Thneeds.'] | ['Truffula'] | The Once-ler tells the boy of his arrival in a beautiful valley containing a forest of Truffula trees and a range of animals. The Once-ler, having long searched for such a tree as the Truffula, chops one down and uses its silk-like foliage to knit a Thneed, an impossibly versatile garment. The Lorax, who "speaks for the trees" as they have no tongues, emerges from the stump of the Truffula and voices his disapproval both of the sacrifice of the tree and of the Thneed itself. However, the first other person to happen by purchases the Thneed for $3.98, so the Once-ler is encouraged and starts a business making and selling Thneeds. |
[question]: What is the name of the creature that speaks for the trees in the story?
[answer]: The creature that speaks for the trees in the story is called the Lorax. | What is the name of the creature that speaks for the trees in the story? | The creature that speaks for the trees in the story is called the Lorax. | 1 | 7.36234 | 14 | 112 | 1 |
12,680 | -9,054,779,584,752,711,000 | Dwayne Johnson | Dwayne Johnson - wikipedia Dwayne Johnson Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the American actor and professional wrestler Dwayne Johnson . For other uses , see The Rock . Dwayne Johnson Johnson at the Sydney premiere of G.I. Joe : Retaliation in March 2013 Dwayne Douglas Johnson ( 1972 - 05 - 02 ) May 2 , 1972 ( age 45 ) Hayward , California , U.S. Alma mater University of Miami ( BGS ) Occupation Actor producer professional wrestler Years active 1996 -- present Spouse ( s ) Dany Garcia ( m . 1997 ; div. 2007 ) Partner ( s ) Lauren Hashian ( 2007 -- present ) Children Parent ( s ) Rocky Johnson Ata Maivia Professional wrestling career Family Anoaʻi Ring name ( s ) Dwayne Johnson Flex Kavana Rocky Maivia The Rock Billed height 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) Billed weight 260 lb ( 118 kg ) Billed from Miami , Florida Trained by Pat Patterson Rocky Johnson Tom Prichard Debut Dwayne Douglas Johnson ( born May 2 , 1972 ) , also known by his ring name The Rock , is an American actor , producer and professional wrestler . Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami , where he won a national championship on the 1991 Miami Hurricanes team . After being cut from the Calgary Stampeders of CFL two months into the 1995 season , Johnson began training for a career in professional wrestling , following in the footsteps of various family members , including his grandfather and his father , Rocky Johnson , from whom he inherited Canadian citizenship in 2009 . Widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time , Johnson gained mainstream fame in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) from 1996 to 2004 and was the first third - generation wrestler in the company 's history . He returned to WWE part - time from 2011 -- 13 and continues to make sporadic appearances for the company . In wrestling , Johnson 's accomplishments including being an eight time WWF / WWE Champion , two time WCW / World Champion , two time WWF Intercontinental Champion and a five time WWF Tag Team Champion . He is the sixth Triple Crown Champion in WWE and won the 2000 Royal Rumble . Johnson 's autobiography The Rock Says ... debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2000 . Johnson 's first leading film role was in The Scorpion King in 2002 . For this , he was paid US $5.5 million , a world record for an actor in his first starring role . One of his more prominent roles is Luke Hobbs in The Fast and the Furious franchise . Johnson hosted and produced The Hero , a reality competition series and has since continued to produce TV shows and films through his production company Seven Bucks Productions . In 2013 , Forbes listed Johnson No. 25 in the Top 100 Most Powerful Celebrities and has been in the top twenty every year since . He was the world 's highest - paid actor of 2016 . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 . In 2015 , Muscle & Fitness named Johnson their `` Man of the Century '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Early life 2 Professional wrestling career 2.1 Training ( 1995 -- 1996 ) 2.2 World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment 2.2. 1 Intercontinental Champion ( 1996 -- 1997 ) 2.2. 2 The Nation of Domination ( 1997 -- 1998 ) 2.2. 3 The Corporation ( 1998 -- 1999 ) 2.2. 4 Record - breaking WWE Champion ( 1999 -- 2002 ) 2.2. 5 Final feuds and departure ( 2003 -- 2004 ) 2.2. 6 Sporadic appearances ( 2004 -- 2009 ) 2.3 Return to WWE 2.3. 1 Feud with John Cena ( 2011 -- 2013 ) 2.3. 2 Part - time appearances ( 2014 -- present ) 3 Mainstream popularity in wrestling 4 Legacy in wrestling 5 Acting career 6 Other work 7 Activism and charity work 8 Personal life 9 Filmography 10 Discography 11 In wrestling 11.1 Relatives in wrestling 12 Championships and accomplishments 13 Other awards and honors 14 See also 15 References 16 External links Early Life Dwayne Douglas Johnson was born on May 2 , 1972 in Hayward , California , the son of Ata Johnson ( née Maivia ) and professional wrestler Rocky Johnson ( born Wayde Douglas Bowles ) . His maternal grandfather , `` High Chief '' Peter Maivia , was also a wrestler , and his maternal grandmother , Lia Maivia , was one of wrestling 's few female promoters , taking over Polynesian Pacific Pro Wrestling after her husband 's death in 1982 until 1988 . Johnson 's father is Canadian , a Black Nova Scotian , while his mother is of Samoan descent . His father was part of the first black tag team to win the World Tag Team Championship in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . Through his mother , he is considered a non-blood relative of the Anoa'i wrestling family . His cousin , Savelina Fanene , is also a wrestler currently working for WWE . Johnson briefly lived in the suburb of Grey Lynn in Auckland , New Zealand with his mother 's family . He attended Richmond Road Primary School , before returning to the United States with his parents . He spent 10th grade at President William McKinley High School in Honolulu , Hawaii . As he entered 11th grade , his father 's job required his relocation to Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , where Dwayne began playing football at Freedom High School in the East Penn Conference . He was also a member of the school 's track and field and wrestling teams . Johnson was a promising football prospect and received offers from many Division I collegiate programs . He decided on a full scholarship from the University of Miami , playing defensive tackle . In 1991 , he was on the Miami Hurricanes 's national championship team . When an injury sidelined him , he was replaced by future National Football League ( NFL ) star Warren Sapp . While attending Miami , Johnson met his future wife , Dany Garcia , who graduated from the university in 1992 and later became a member of its Board of Trustees . She also founded a Miami - based wealth management firm . In 2006 , the couple donated $2 million to build a living room at the University 's Newman Alumni Center . Johnson graduated from Miami in 1995 with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in criminology and physiology . He joined the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League in 1995 . He was on the practice roster as a backup linebacker but was cut two months into the season . On November 10 , 2007 , Johnson returned to the Miami Orange Bowl to participate in the festivities surrounding the University of Miami 's last home football game at the stadium . Professional Wrestling career Training ( 1995 -- 1996 ) Like his father and grandfather , several of Johnson 's other ( non-blood ) relatives are or were professional wrestlers , including his uncles , Afa and Sika Anoaʻi ( The Wild Samoans ) and his cousins , Rodney ( Yokozuna ) , Solofa ( Rikishi ) , Matt ( Rosey ) and Eddie ( Umaga ) . When Johnson declared his intent to become a wrestler , his father initially resisted , but then agreed to train him himself , warning that he would not go easy on him . Veteran wrestler Pat Patterson got Johnson several tryout matches with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in 1996 . Under his real name , he defeated The Brooklyn Brawler at a house show and lost the other matches to Chris Candido and Owen Hart . After wrestling at Jerry Lawler 's United States Wrestling Association as Flex Kavana and winning the USWA World Tag Team Championship twice with Bart Sawyer in the summer of 1996 , Johnson signed a WWF contract . He received additional training from Tom Prichard , alongside Achim Albrecht and Mark Henry . World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment Intercontinental Champion ( 1996 -- 1997 ) Johnson made his WWF debut as Rocky Maivia , a combination of his father and grandfather 's ring names , although his real name was acknowledged by the announcers . He was initially reluctant to take this ring name but was persuaded by Vince McMahon and Jim Ross . He was given the nickname `` The Blue Chipper '' and his lineage was played to on TV , where he was hyped as the WWF 's first third - generation wrestler . Maivia , a clean - cut face character , was pushed heavily from the start despite his wrestling inexperience . He debuted on Monday Night Raw as a member of Marc Mero 's entourage on November 4 , 1996 and had his first match at Survivor Series on November 17 , in an eight - man elimination tag match ; he was the sole survivor by single - handedly eliminating Crush and Goldust . WWF fans generally rejected him because of his cheesy character . On February 13 , 1997 , he won the Intercontinental Championship from Hunter Hearst Helmsley on Monday Night Raw . Maivia successfully defended the title at In Your House 13 : Final Four against Hunter Hearst Helmsley and at WrestleMania 13 against The Sultan . He defeated Bret Hart by disqualification in a title defense on March 31 episode of Raw is War . On April 20 at In Your House 14 : Revenge of the ' Taker , he lost to Savio Vega by countout , retaining the title for the final time . Audiences became increasingly hostile toward Maivia , with chants of `` Die , Rocky , die ! '' and `` Rocky sucks ! '' being heard during his matches . The Nation of Domination ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Main article : Nation of Domination As part of the Nation of Domination , The Rock won the Intercontinental Championship for a second time and held it for 265 days After losing the Intercontinental Championship to Owen Hart on the April 28 , 1997 episode of Raw Is War and suffering a legitimate knee injury in a match against Mankind , Maivia returned in August 1997 and turned heel by joining Faarooq , D'Lo Brown and Kama in the stable called the Nation of Domination . During this time , he refused to acknowledge the Rocky Maivia name , instead referring to himself in the third person as The Rock , though he would still be billed as Rocky `` The Rock '' Maivia until 1998 . As The Rock , he insulted the audience in his promos as well as WWF television interviewers , once calling Kevin Kelly an `` ugly hermaphrodite '' . At D - Generation X : In Your House , Stone Cold Steve Austin defeated The Rock in under six minutes to retain the Intercontinental Championship . The next night on Raw Is War , Austin was ordered by Mr. McMahon to defend the title in a rematch , but forfeited it to The Rock instead , handing him the title belt before hitting him with the Stone Cold Stunner . The Rock feuded with Austin and Ken Shamrock through the end of 1997 and beginning of 1998 . On the March 30 episode of Raw is War , The Rock debuted a new Intercontinental Championship belt which was used to represent the title until October 2 , 2011 , when the previous design was reused . Later that night , The Rock would also overthrow Faarooq as leader of the Nation of Domination to spark a feud between the two and successfully defended the Intercontinental title against Faarooq at Over the Edge : In Your House on May 31 , 1998 . The Rock and The Nation then feuded with Triple H and D - Generation X ( DX ) , with the two stable leaders first meeting in the quarter - final of the 1998 King of the Ring tournament , which The Rock won . At King of the Ring , The Rock defeated Dan Severn in the semi-final match and lost to rival Ken Shamrock in the final . The Rock then resumed his feud with Triple H , as the two had a two out of three falls match at Fully Loaded : In Your House for the Intercontinental title , which The Rock retained in controversial fashion . This led to a ladder match at SummerSlam , in which Triple H won the title . At Breakdown : In Your House , The Rock defeated Ken Shamrock and Mankind in a triple threat steel cage match to become the number one contender for the WWF Championship . The Rock then feuded with fellow Nation member Mark Henry , effectively breaking up the stable . The Corporation ( 1998 -- 1999 ) Main article : The Corporation As part of The Corporation , The Rock feuded with Stone Cold Steve Austin and stole Austin 's personalized WWF Championship , the Smoking Skull belt The Rock 's entertaining promos and ensuing popularity led to a face turn , in which he called himself `` The People 's Champion '' . This led to a feud with Mr. McMahon , who said he had `` a problem with the people '' and would thus target `` The People 's Champion '' . A double turn occurred at Survivor Series , when The Rock defeated McMahon 's associate , Mankind , in the finals of the `` Deadly Game '' tournament for the vacant WWF Championship in a fashion reminiscent of the Montreal Screwjob . The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable , The Corporation . On December 13 , 1998 at the pay - per - view named for him , Rock Bottom : In Your House , The Rock had a rematch with Mankind for the WWF Championship . Mankind appeared to win the match when The Rock passed out in the Mandible Claw submission move , but Mr. McMahon ruled that since The Rock did not tap out , he retained his title . The Rock continued to feud with Mankind over the WWF Championship , which was traded back and forth between them . First , in the main event of the January 4 , 1999 episode of Raw Is War , Mankind defeated The Rock after interference from Stone Cold Steve Austin . Then , in an `` I Quit '' match at Royal Rumble on January 24 , The Rock regained the title , when a recording of Mankind saying `` I quit '' from an earlier interview was played over the PA system . On Halftime Heat ( an episode of Sunday Night Heat aired in the same timeslot as the Super Bowl XXXIII halftime show ) on January 31 , Mankind pinned The Rock using a forklift truck in an empty arena match . The two faced off again at St. Valentine 's Day Massacre : In Your House in a last man standing match which ended in a draw , meaning Mankind retained the title . Their feud ended on February 15 Raw Is War , when The Rock won his third WWF Championship in a ladder match after Big Show performed a chokeslam on Mankind off the ladder . The Rock lost the WWF Championship to Stone Cold Steve Austin at WrestleMania XV . Though he was a villain , his amusing verbal skills led many fans to cheer The Rock , who then lost the title rematch at Backlash : In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon , turning him back into a fan favorite and beginning a feud with Triple H , The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H at Over the Edge , but then losing to WWF Champion The Undertaker at King of the Ring . The Rock lost a number one contender 's match to Triple H at Fully Loaded after interference from Mr. Ass . This sparked a feud with Mr. Ass , culminating in a Kiss My Ass match at SummerSlam , which The Rock won . Record - breaking WWE Champion ( 1999 -- 2002 ) See also : The Rock ' n ' Sock Connection and The Invasion ( professional wrestling ) Toward the latter part of 1999 , The Rock had several singles and tag team championship opportunities , teaming former enemy Mankind as The Rock ' n ' Sock Connection after he challenged WWF Tag Team Champions The Undertaker and Big Show and Mankind offered his help . They won the title for the first of three times . The two performed numerous comedic skits together , including one on Raw Is War called `` This Is Your Life '' ( based on the TV show ) , in which Mankind produced people from The Rock 's past , such as his high school girlfriend and his high school football coach . The segment earned an 8.4 Nielsen rating , one of the highest ratings ever for a Raw segment . The Rock 's popularity was fueled by his charisma and speaking abilities , which led to many catchphrases and merchandising opportunities . At Royal Rumble on January 23 , 2000 , The Rock entered the Royal Rumble match and was one of the final two remaining , along with Big Show ; Show seemingly intended to throw The Rock over the top rope in a running powerslam - like position , but Rock countered the move on the ring apron , sending Big Show to the floor before re-entering the ring as the winner . However , The Rock 's feet hit the floor first , although those watching the event on TV did not see that , until Big Show proved this with additional video footage , and claimed to be the rightful winner . Despite this proof , the original decision could not be reversed , so a number one contender 's match for the WWF Championship was held at No Way Out , which Big Show won after Shane McMahon interfered and hit The Rock in the head with a steel chair as he attempted to execute a People 's Elbow . The Rock defeated Big Show on March 13 episode of Raw Is War to regain the right to face the WWF Champion , Triple H , at WrestleMania 2000 in a fatal four - way elimination match , also including Big Show and Mick Foley . Each wrestler had a McMahon in his corner : Triple H had his wife , Stephanie , Foley had Linda , The Rock had Vince and Big Show had Shane . Triple H retained the title after Vince betrayed The Rock by hitting him with a chair . The Rock as the WWF Champion in 2000 In the following weeks , The Rock continued his feud with Triple H and eventually won his fourth WWF Championship , which he won on April 30 at Backlash after Stone Cold Steve Austin intervened on his behalf . On May 21 at Judgment Day , The Rock and Triple H faced in an Iron Man match with Shawn Michaels as the special guest referee . With the score tied at five falls each and with seconds left on the time limit The Rock was disqualified when The Undertaker attacked Triple H , thus giving Triple H the 6 -- 5 win and the title . The next night on Raw Is War , The Rock got his revenge by taking out the entire McMahon - Helmsley Faction with The Undertaker 's help . The Rock won the WWF Championship for a fifth time at King of the Ring on June 25 by scoring the winning pin in a six - man tag team match , teaming with Kane and The Undertaker against Shane McMahon , Triple H and Vince McMahon , whom he pinned . The Rock successfully defended the championship against Chris Benoit at Fully Loaded on July 23 , Kurt Angle and Triple H at SummerSlam on August 27 and Benoit , Kane and The Undertaker at Unforgiven on September 24 . The Rock lost the WWF Championship to Angle at No Mercy in October . Around this time , The Rock feuded with Rikishi and defeated him at Survivor Series . The Rock wrestled a six - man Hell in a Cell match for the WWF Championship at Armageddon , which Kurt Angle won to retain the title . On December 18 on Raw , The Rock won the WWF Tag Team Championship with The Undertaker , defeating Edge and Christian , then losing it back to them the next night at a SmackDown ! taping . In 2001 , The Rock continued to feud with Angle over the WWF Championship , culminating at No Way Out in February , where he pinned Angle to win the WWF Championship for a sixth time . The Rock then feuded with the Royal Rumble winner , Stone Cold Steve Austin , whom he lost the title at WrestleMania X-Seven after Austin allied with Mr. McMahon , who interfered on his behalf . On the next night 's Raw Is War , during a steel cage title rematch , Triple H came to the ring with a sledgehammer and it seemed he would help The Rock , because of the rivalry between Austin and Triple H ( and an argument with McMahon earlier in the night ) , but he attacked him instead , allying with McMahon and Austin . Austin and Triple H formed a tag team called The Power Trip , while The Rock was indefinitely suspended . Johnson used this time off to act in the movie The Mummy Returns . The Rock taunting Rob Van Dam at ringside The Rock returned to the WWF in late July 2001 and had to decide whether to join the WWF or The Alliance ( a group of former WCW and ECW wrestlers ) during The Invasion , eventually siding with the WWF . At SummerSlam , The Rock defeated Booker T to win the WCW Championship . He lost the title to Chris Jericho at No Mercy . The next night on Raw , he teamed with Jericho to win the WWF Tag Team Championship from The Dudley Boyz . The Rock during WrestleMania X8 before facing `` Hollywood '' Hulk Hogan The Rock defeated Jericho on November 5 episode of Raw for his second WCW Championship , which was renamed to World Championship . As part of the WWF 's battle against The Alliance , The Rock wrestled in a `` winner takes all '' ten - man elimination match at Survivor Series . In the end , it came down to a one - on - one with Steve Austin ( who had recently joined The Alliance ) . The Rock seemed to have the upper hand , until Jericho ( a member of Team WWF , who was eliminated a few minutes earlier ) , entered the ring and attacked The Rock . Austin tried to capitalize on this by pinning The Rock , but Kurt Angle , a Team Alliance member , revealed his true allegiance by hitting Austin in the head with a title belt . The Rock then pinned Austin , forcing The Alliance to disband . The Rock closed out 2001 by losing the World Championship at Vengeance to Chris Jericho , who would unify the WWF and WCW titles later that night . The Rock unsuccessfully challenged Jericho for the now Undisputed WWF Championship at Royal Rumble , but defeated The Undertaker at No Way Out . Three weeks before WrestleMania , The Rock headlined WWE 's Asian tour to Japan , Singapore and Malaysia . The first show was in Yokahama Arena and had sold 18,000 tickets in sixty minutes . Jericho , who was booked to face him for all three shows , said he brought out the best in him and described his reaction as `` one of the loudest I 'd ever heard in my career . It was as if Elvis had joined The Beatles and all of them were wearing Godzilla costumes '' . He then feuded with the New World Order , after challenging Hollywood Hulk Hogan to a match at WrestleMania X8 . The match was billed as icon versus icon , with both men representing the top tier of two generations of wrestling ; ultimately Rock pinned Hogan at WrestleMania X8 . After the nWo turned on Hogan for losing the match , The Rock allied with him and was drafted to the SmackDown ! brand , becoming the first WWF wrestler to be drafted in the WWF draft lottery before taking a short sabbatical from wrestling . When he returned , The Rock won his then record - breaking seventh WWF / WWE Championship ( which had been renamed the WWE Undisputed Championship after the WWF was renamed to WWE in May 2002 ) at Vengeance on July 21 , defeating Kurt Angle and The Undertaker in a triple threat match . The Rock successfully defended the title at Global Warning in Australia against Triple H and Brock Lesnar by pinning Triple H , who saved The Rock when Lesnar attacked him after the match . At SummerSlam on August 25 , after interference from Lesnar 's manager Paul Heyman and the use of a steel chair , The Rock lost the WWE Championship to Lesnar along with the record for the youngest WWE Champion , which he had set in 1998 . Following the loss against Lesnar , The Rock publicly declared that whether or not the crowd booed him he would always be the People 's Champion , criticizing the fans in the arena and again taking a sabbatical from wrestling in order to focus on his film career . Final feuds and departure ( 2003 -- 2004 ) The Rock defeated Stone Cold Austin in the latter 's final match at WrestleMania XIX in March 2003 The Rock returned on January 30 , 2003 , episode of SmackDown ! to publicly criticize Hulk Hogan and make it clear that because of the success of his Hollywood career , WWE was no longer a priority and thus reestablishing him as a villain for the first time since 1999 . Rock defeated Hogan again at No Way Out and drafted himself to the Raw brand where he had various feuds , including one with The Hurricane . He also performed `` Rock concerts '' , segments in which he played the guitar and mocked the show 's host city . After failing to win number one contendership for the World Heavyweight Championship , The Rock turned his attention to Steve Austin who , to The Rock 's chagrin , had been chosen as `` Superstar of the Decade '' . This led to a match at WrestleMania XIX , which called back to their previous two WrestleMania encounters , both of which Austin had won . The Rock won after delivering three consecutive Rock Bottoms , ending their long - running feud in what turned out to be Austin 's final match . The next night , Raw was billed as `` The Rock Appreciation Night '' , in honour of his victory over Austin . That night , he was attacked by a debuting Goldberg . At Backlash , Goldberg defeated The Rock , who then left WWE as an active wrestler to focus on his film career . The Rock then occasionally returned to WWE in non-wrestling roles , gradually turning face again by engaging in one night feuds against heels such as Chris Jericho and Christian . The Rock aided Mick Foley in his feud against Evolution , leading to a reunion of The Rock ' n ' Sock Connection . They faced Ric Flair , Randy Orton , and Batista in a handicap match at WrestleMania XX , losing when Orton pinned Foley after the RKO . It turned out to be Rock 's last match for the next seven years . The Rock appeared in WWE sporadically following WrestleMania XX . He stood up for Eugene , made a cameo in his hometown of Miami and helped Mick Foley turn back La Résistance . Later in 2004 , he hosted a pie - eating contest , as part of the WWE Diva Search and ended the segment by giving Jonathan Coachman a spinebuster and a People 's Elbow . After this , he stated in several interviews that he was no longer under contract to WWE . He stated that he would continue using the trademarked name `` The Rock '' , per a dual ownership deal between him and WWE . Sporadic appearances ( 2004 -- 2009 ) On August 23 , 2004 , episode of Raw , The Rock returned and took out Jonathan Coachman and La Résistance . In October 2005 , The Rock did a tell all interview with WWE.com , he talked his contract with WWE , movies and feelings on a dream match with Shawn Michaels . On March 12 , 2007 , The Rock appeared on a WWE show after nearly three years , via a pre-taped promo shown during Raw . He correctly predicted that Bobby Lashley would defeat Umaga at WrestleMania 23 in Donald Trump and Vince McMahon 's `` Battle of the Billionaires '' match . On March 29 , 2008 , The Rock inducted his father , Rocky Johnson , and his grandfather , Peter Maivia , into the WWE Hall of Fame . During his induction speech , he roasted wrestlers John Cena , Santino Marella , Chris Jericho , Mick Foley , Shawn Michaels , and Stone Cold Steve Austin . In September 2009 , he appeared at a World Xtreme Wrestling ( WXW ) show to support the pro wrestling debut of Sarona Snuka , the daughter of his long - time friend and mentor Jimmy Snuka . On October 2 , 2009 , the ten - year anniversary of SmackDown , The Rock ( with his usual flattop hair shaved off ) cut a promo via pre-recorded video . Return to WWE Feud with John Cena ( 2011 -- 2013 ) The Rock in the ring as host of WrestleMania XXVII in April 2011 On February 14 , 2011 , episode of Raw , The Rock was revealed as the host of WrestleMania XXVII , appearing live on Raw for the first time in almost seven years . During a lengthy promo , he addressed the fans , Michael Cole , The Miz and John Cena , calling Cena a `` big fat bowl of Fruity Pebbles '' , inspiring a popular crowd chant and sign . The Rock claimed to love wrestling , having been born into the business , a claim Cena argued . After numerous appearances via satellite , The Rock appeared live on the Raw before WrestleMania XXVII to confront Cena , with whom he had been feuding through Twitter , making fun of Cena 's clothing and calling him a `` homeless Power Ranger '' and `` Vanilla Ice '' . After he and Cena exchanged insults , The Miz and Alex Riley appeared and attacked The Rock ; he fended off Miz and Riley , only for Cena to blindside him with an Attitude Adjustment . The Rock and John Cena on Raw , agreeing to a match at WrestleMania XXVIII one year in advance On April 3 at WrestleMania XXVII , The Rock opened the show by cutting a promo . After appearing in numerous backstage segments , The Rock came to ringside to restart the main event between Cena and The Miz as a No Disqualification match , after it had ended in a draw . As revenge for the Attitude Adjustment Cena had given him on Raw , Rock hit Cena with the Rock Bottom , allowing The Miz to pin him and retain the WWE Championship . After the match , Rock attacked Miz and hit him with the People 's Elbow . The following night on Raw , Cena challenged The Rock to a match at WrestleMania XXVIII the next year , which Rock accepted . They then worked together to fend off an attack by The Corre , which at the time consisted of Wade Barrett , Heath Slater , Justin Gabriel , and Ezekiel Jackson . The Rock appeared live on Raw in his hometown of Miami to celebrate his 39th birthday . The Rock celebrating his victory at WrestleMania XXVIII in April 2012 On September 16 , WWE announced The Rock would wrestle in a traditional 5 - on - 5 Survivor Series tag team match , teaming with Cena at Survivor Series in November . However , on the October 24th episode of Raw , Cena instead chose The Rock to be his partner in a standard tag team match against Awesome Truth ( The Miz and R - Truth ) , which Rock which agreed to the following week via satellite . On November 14 , during the special Raw Gets Rocked , The Rock appeared live , delivering Rock Bottoms to Mick Foley , who had been hosting a `` This Is Your Life '' - style segment for Cena , and later both members of Awesome Truth . Despite their rilvary , The Rock and Cena defeated Awesome Truth on November 20 at Survivor Series , when The Rock pinned The Miz with the People 's Elbow . After the match , The Rock gave Cena a Rock Bottom . Leading up to WrestleMania , The Rock and Cena had several verbal confrontations on Raw . On March 12 , 2012 , episode , The Rock hosted his first `` Rock Concert '' segment since 2004 , mocking Cena in his songs . He opined that , having beaten Hulk Hogan and Stone Cold Steve Austin at previous Wrestlemanias , beating Cena would make him the greatest wrestler of all time . On April 1 at WrestleMania XXVIII , The Rock faced Cena in the main event hyped for a year and billed with the tagline `` Once in a Lifetime '' . When an overconfident Cena attempted the People 's Elbow on The Rock , he countered with a Rock Bottom for the pin and the win . The following night on Raw , The Rock praised Cena for putting up a good fight , calling their match `` an honor '' . He then vowed to once again become WWE Champion . On July 23 at Raw 1000 , The Rock announced he would face the WWE Champion at the Royal Rumble . During the show , he encountered WWE Champion CM Punk , Daniel Bryan , and John Cena , all of whom expressed a desire to face him . He later saved Cena from an assault by Big Show , only to be laid out by CM Punk . The Rock revealing the brand new WWE Championship design in 2013 On January 7 , 2013 , Raw , The Rock returned to WWE to confront his Rumble opponent , then reigning champion CM Punk . He also made his first SmackDown appearance in ten years on January 11 episode , attacking Team Rhodes Scholars with a Rock Bottom to Damien Sandow and a People 's Elbow to Cody Rhodes . The Rock closed out the 20th - anniversary episode of Raw on January 14 with one of his famous `` Rock concerts '' , leading to a brawl with CM Punk . The following week on Raw , The Rock was attacked by The Shield . Vince McMahon then asserted that if The Shield attacked The Rock in his title match with CM Punk , Punk would be stripped of the WWE Championship . On January 27 at the Royal Rumble , Punk defeated The Rock after The Shield interfered . McMahon was about to strip Punk of the championship , however , at The Rock 's request , he instead restarted the match . This culminated in The Rock defeating Punk to win his eighth WWE Championship , a win which marked The Rock 's first WWE Championship reign in over ten years , and ending Punk 's long reign as champion at 434 days . Punk received a title rematch with The Rock at Elimination Chamber , with the added stipulation that if The Rock was disqualified or counted out , he would lose the title , but Rock pinned Punk to retain the championship . The following night on Raw , The Rock unveiled the new WWE Championship during his championship celebration , with an entirely new center plate and his signature Brahma Bull logo on the side plates . The Rock then resumed his rivalry with John Cena , with Cena blaming his personal and professional troubles on his loss to The Rock the previous year . On April 7 at WrestleMania 29 , Rock lost the WWE Championship to Cena , ending his reign at 70 days . Despite being advertised for the Raw after WrestleMania , where it was stated by SmackDown General Manager Booker T that The Rock was still entitled a re-match for the WWE Championship , The Rock did not appear because of a legitimate injury sustained during WrestleMania , in which his abdominal and adductor tendons tore from his pelvis . Johnson underwent surgery on April 23 to reattach the torn tendons . In August 2013 , The Rock hinted at possible retirement but ultimately did not rule out a return . Part - time appearances ( 2014 -- present ) Hogan , Austin and The Rock at WrestleMania XXX in April 2014 The Wyatt Family confronts The Rock at WrestleMania 32 In April 2014 , the Rock appeared in the opening segment of WrestleMania XXX along with Stone Cold Steve Austin and Hulk Hogan . On October 6 episode of Raw , the Rock made a surprise appearance to confront Rusev and Lana ; this resulted in the Rock clearing Rusev from the ring . The Rock appeared at the 2015 Royal Rumble event during the main event match , where he helped Roman Reigns fend off Big Show and Kane , and was booed ( `` for the first time in forever '' ( 2003 ) as described by Dave Scherer of PWInsider.com ) for doing so . The Rock endorsed Reigns ' eventual victory , but the crowd still booed both him and Reigns . The Rock appeared at WrestleMania 31 alongside Ronda Rousey , getting into an in - ring altercation with Triple H and Stephanie McMahon ( The Authority ) . Rock and Rousey prevailed after he attacked Triple H and she overpowered McMahon . On June 27 , The Rock appeared at a live event in Boston where he confronted Bo Dallas , giving him a Rock Bottom in the process . In January 2016 , he returned to Raw in a segment which saw him diss Big Show , Lana and Rusev before getting into an altercation with WWE Tag Team Champions , The New Day . At WrestleMania 32 , The Rock announced that WWE had broken the all - time WrestleMania attendance record before being interrupted by The Wyatt Family . The Rock defeated Wyatt Family member Erick Rowan in an impromptu match , giving him a Rock Bottom and pinning him in six seconds , which set the record for the fastest win in WrestleMania history . The Rock was then aided by the returning John Cena to fend off the remaining members of The Wyatt Family , Bray Wyatt and Braun Strowman . The Rock was announced as the executive soundtrack producer for the WWE 2K18 video game on August 17 . Mainstream popularity in Wrestling The success of Johnson 's wrestling character allowed him to cross over into mainstream pop culture . He appeared on Wyclef Jean 's 2000 single `` It Does n't Matter '' and in its music video . He also recorded `` Pie '' with Slick Rick for WWF The Music , Vol. 5 . In 2000 , he hosted Saturday Night Live . Fellow wrestlers Triple H , The Big Show , and Mick Foley also appeared on the show . Johnson has stated the success of that episode is the reason he began receiving offers from Hollywood studios . Johnson had guest roles on Star Trek : Voyager , as an alien wrestler that uses The Rock 's famous moves , and on That ' 70s Show as his father , Rocky Johnson . In 1999 , The Rock was listed No. 5 on Entertainment Weekly 's Top 12 Entertainers of the Year . In 2000 , on an Access Hollywood 's prime - time special , The Rock was ranked number six in the Top 10 Celebrities Of 2000 . Rock was also listed in Forbes Celebrity 100 that year and People Magazine 's 25 Most Intriguing People . The Rock made a surprise appearance at the official Xbox unveiling during Bill Gates 's keynote speech at the ongoing Computer Electronics Show in 2001 . Rock was also listed on E ! 's 20 Top Entertainers and Entertainment Weekly 's 101 Most Influential People that year and the previous year ( 2000 ) . In 2002 , Rock was listed on E ! 's 25 Toughest Stars . In 2003 , he was listed in VH1 's 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons and was No. 13 in People Magazine 's 50 Favorite TV Stars . Johnson 's motion picture debut was a brief appearance as The Scorpion King in the opening sequence of The Mummy Returns . The character appears in the movie 's climax in CGI form . The movie 's financial success led to Johnson 's first leading role , in the spin - off The Scorpion King . He received US $5.5 million for the role and was listed in the 2007 Guinness World Records as the highest - paid actor in his first starring role . The Mummy Returns , featuring The Rock , shattered a two - year record by earning $28,594,667 , the highest - grossing single day for any film in history . The Rock has appeared on the covers of many magazines , including Rolling Stone , Entertainment Weekly , Newsweek , and TV Guide . Legacy in Wrestling The Rock has been listed as one of the all - time greatest professional wrestlers as well as one of the top box office draws in wrestling history . Hulk Hogan called The Rock `` the biggest superstar in this business '' , and 16 - time world champion John Cena described him as `` the biggest superstar in the history of WWE '' and `` the most successful WWE superstar ever '' . WCW icon Diamond Dallas Page described him as `` the biggest star in our business , of all time '' . Vince Russo , the head writer of WWE 's most popular era The Attitude Era , stated : `` I do n't think there 's ever going to be a star in the history of this business that is bigger than The Rock '' . Many wrestlers placed The Rock on their `` Mount Rushmore of Wrestling '' including Hulk Hogan , Ric Flair , Chris Jericho and John Cena . In `` Cable Visions : Television Beyond Broadcasting '' , The Rock was described as `` for a long time , the WWE 's biggest star and probably held the greatest international appeal '' . R.D. Reynolds stated in his book `` The WrestleCrap Book of Lists '' that The Rock was `` the biggest star for WWE from 1999 until 2004 . '' The Rock main - evented the most bought pay - per - view ( PPV ) worldwide in WWE history ( WrestleMania XXVIII ) , the most bought pay - per - view ( PPV ) domestically in WWE history ( WrestleMania X-Seven ) , the second highest attended event in the history of WWE ( WrestleMania 29 ) , the highest rated Raw in history , and was part of the highest rated segment in Raw history . In addition , The Rock main evented the nine highest - rated Raws in history and 10 out of the 15 highest rated SmackDowns in history . His return in 2001 did a 7.1 rating which was the highest rated segment of the entire year . The Rock was also part of the highest - rated match of 2000 . His steel cage match with Shane McMahon on 1 May did an 8.3 rating on the regular time and a 9.1 on the overrun making this match the most watched professional wrestling match in the United States of this millennium . In 2011 , The Rock 's return generated a lot of buzz , an average of 4.7 million people watched that episode of Raw , but 7.4 million tuned in just during The Rock 's promo . His return also led the following episode of Raw on March 7 to be the highest rated episode of that year . In that same year , The Rock wrestled his first match in years at 2011 Survivor Series in Madison Square Garden . The event sold out in less than 90 minutes and was the highest attended Survivor Series in almost a decade ( since 2002 ) . The Rock was also part of the highest rated Raw segment in 2012 in a segment on Raw 1000 with CM Punk and Daniel Bryan which drew a 4.3 rating and was also part of the highest rated overrun of that year ( 4.4 ) the same night . The Rock 's highly anticipated WWE title match at the 2013 Royal Rumble led the event to be the most bought non-WrestleMania PPV in seven years . The night after the 2013 Royal Rumble on January 28 which saw The Rock win the WWE Championship for the first time in over a decade was the highest rated Raw episode of that year . During that night , The Rock 's segment with CM Punk did a 4.03 rating which was the highest rated segment since Raw 1000 . The Rock was also part of the highest rated segment of 2013 in his segment with John Cena on Old School Raw which did a 4.1 rating . Rock headlined five WrestleManias ( XV , 2000 , X-Seven , XXVIII , and WrestleMania 29 ) , and wrestled in six additional WrestleManias in non-headlining matches . In 2011 , he became the first wrestler to ever host a WrestleMania ( WrestleMania XXVII ) . He is one of only three WWE wrestlers ( the other two being Shawn Michaels & the Undertaker ) to headline a WrestleMania in three different decades : XV ( 1990s ) ; WrestleMania 2000 & X-Seven ( 2000s ) ; XXVIII & 29 ( 2010s ) . Derived from one of his catchphrases `` lay the smackdown '' , WWE introduced its second flagship program SmackDown ! which later became television 's second longest - running weekly episodic program . The term `` Smackdown '' also has been included in Merriam - Webster dictionaries since 2007 . The Rock was the first wrestler to win the WWF / E Championship six times , then seven times . Rock 's Intercontinental Championship 's reign in 1997 -- 98 lasted 265 days and is the longest intercontinental title reign of the modern era ( the last 24 years ) . Rock is the only wrestler to introduce a different design of both the Intercontinental Championship ( shortly after WrestleMania XIV ) and the WWE Championship ( on February 18 , 2013 episode of Raw ) . He was the youngest Intercontinental Champion as well as the youngest WWF Champion of his time . The Rock also holds the record for most Raw shows main evented in one year ( 38 in 2000 ) , most Smackdown shows main evented in one year ( 36 in 2000 ) and tied with Stone Cold Steve Austin ( in 2001 ) for most PPV shows main evented in one year ( 12 in 2000 ) . Overall The Rock has headlined 33 PPV events in WWE ( including two Royal Rumble matches ) . Rock was on the cover of the first three video games of the WWE games series including WWF SmackDown ! 2 : Know Your Role which was the best - selling combat sports game on a single format ( PlayStation ) , with 3.2 million copies sold . Acting career Johnson during a photo shoot for Vanity Fair in 2001 Johnson acted on television while wrestling . In his first television acting job , in 1999 , he played his own father in an episode of That ' 70s Show called `` That Wrestling Show '' . Nearly a year later , he appeared in the Star Trek : Voyager episode `` Tsunkatse '' as an alien wrestler who fought popular character Seven of Nine . While Johnson was away from WWE , the company continued to sell `` The Rock '' merchandise , and he continued to be featured prominently in the opening montages of their television shows . Johnson broke into the mainstream with roles in the blockbuster action films The Mummy Returns ( 2001 ) , The Scorpion King ( 2002 ) , the action comedy The Rundown ( 2003 ) , and the remake of Walking Tall ( 2004 ) . He played a supporting role in Be Cool ( 2005 ) and was the primary antagonist in Doom ( 2006 ) . Roles in Gridiron Gang ( 2006 ) and Reno 911 ! : Miami ( 2007 ) soon followed . Johnson played against type in Southland Tales ( 2007 ) . He played a cocky famous American football player in The Game Plan ( 2007 ) and Agent 23 in Get Smart ( 2008 ) . He presented the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 80th Academy Awards in February 2008 . He was nominated for the Favorite Movie Actor award at the 2008 Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards for his role in The Game Plan but lost out to Johnny Depp in Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End . Johnson hosted the Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards on March 28 , 2009 . He appeared in the Cory in the House episode `` Never the Dwayne Shall Meet '' . and the Wizards of Waverly Place episode `` Art Teacher '' as part of his stint with The Walt Disney Company . He has made several guest appearances on Saturday Night Live , reviving his character of `` The Rock Obama '' , a spoof and amalgamation of U.S. President Barack Obama and The Hulk . Johnson played ex-con cab driver Jack Bruno in Las Vegas in Race To Witch Mountain ( 2009 ) and provided the voice of Capt . Charles `` Chuck '' Baker in Planet 51 ( 2009 ) . He starred in the family comedy Tooth Fairy ( 2010 ) and made an uncredited cameo in Why Did I Get Married Too ? ( 2010 ) as a psychiatrist who asks out a recently widowed character . He briefly appeared as an action - seeking detective in The Other Guys ( 2010 ) and returned to action films with Faster ( 2010 ) . Johnson appeared in Fast Five ( 2011 ) , the fifth film of The Fast and the Furious film series , as DSS agent Luke Hobbs , who is assigned to hunt down the series ' protagonists . He landed the role after series star Vin Diesel read comments and feedback from fans , the majority of whom wanted to see Diesel and Johnson in a movie together . Johnson , a fan of the franchise , had wanted to work with Universal Studios again after they had given him his first film roles . Fast Five grossed over $86 million in its opening weekend , the biggest opening for a Fast & Furious film , the biggest opening for an April release , and the biggest opening for a Johnson movie . Johnson starred in the adventure sequel film Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island ( 2012 ) and headlined the action drama film Snitch ( 2013 ) , based on a true story , which opened to mixed reviews ; however , Johnson 's performance was praised . Johnson at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival Johnson became known for reinvigorating film franchises after portraying Roadblock in G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) and reprising his role as Luke Hobbs in Fast & Furious 6 ( 2013 ) . He also starred in true - story films Pain & Gain ( 2013 ) and Empire State ( 2013 ) . That same year , he hosted and produced the TNT reality competition series The Hero . He won the Favorite Male Buttkicker Award at the 2013 Nickelodeon Kid 's Choice Awards . In May 2013 , it was announced that he would executive produce and star in Ballers , an HBO comedy - drama series about NFL players living in Miami , Florida . Johnson starred as the title character in Hercules ( 2014 ) and reprised his role as Luke Hobbs in Furious 7 ( 2015 ) . He hosted another reality series for TNT in 2014 , entitled Wake Up Call , which saw him `` lending a helping hand to everyday people who were facing enormous challenges in their lives '' alongside guest experts such as Rocco DiSpirito , Jillian Michaels , and Josh Shipp . It was announced that he would executive produce and star in the horror film Seal Team 666 , and is set to play Nick Schuyler in the drama film Not Without Hope . On December 16 , 2013 , Forbes named Johnson the top - grossing actor of 2013 , with his films bringing in $1.3 billion worldwide for the year . Forbes credited the success of Fast & Furious 6 , which grossed $789 million globally , and Johnson 's frequent acting work as primary reasons for him topping the list . In 2016 , Johnson co-starred with Kevin Hart in the action - comedy Central Intelligence and had a lead voice role in the Disney animated film Moana , in which he voiced the Polynesian demigod Maui . He returned for the action film The Fate of the Furious , which was released on April 14 , 2017 . Johnson 's production company , Seven Bucks Productions , produces several of his starring film projects , including Baywatch ( 2017 ) and the upcoming Jumanji : Welcome to the Jungle ( 2017 ) and Rampage ( 2018 ) . A sequel to the box - office hit San Andreas ( 2015 ) was announced to be in the pre-production stage with director of the first film , Brad Peyton , signed to return ( marking their fourth collaboration following Journey 2 , San Andreas , and Rampage respectively ) , along with the cast ( including Johnson ) . Johnson confirmed that he would star in the new Jumanji movie via his Instagram page . In an interview , Johnson also discussed the possibility of an earlier release date than was originally announced for the DC Extended Universe film , Shazam . Seven Bucks Production is named because that 's how much money he had in his wallet after he was cut from the CFL . In March 2014 , Johnson confirmed that he would be working with DC Entertainment for an untitled film project . In September 2014 , it was announced that he would play Black Adam , the villain , in a film about Shazam as a part of the DC Extended Universe ; which he would also produce . Johnson has signed on to return in two additional sequels to Warner Bros . ' Journey film series , as well as a Jungle Cruise feature film being developed by Disney . In May 2016 , Johnson confirmed his attachment to The Janson Directive as Paul Janson . The film will be produced by Universal Studios , with the intent to adapt more of Robert Ludlum 's work in the future in a larger project than just the announced first installment . Later that same month , it was announced that he would star in Legendary Entertainment 's Skyscraper movie which will be an action - thriller film with Rawson Marshall Thurber signed on as director and writer . The same month it was announced that he would star as a rebooted version of the character Doc Savage in a film written and directed by Shane Black . Johnson is signed on to film a remake of Big Trouble in Little China . In July 2016 , Johnson announced another television series which he will be involved in , named Muscle Beach , about the Southern California beach of that name . Johnson will be involved behind the scenes of the series . In January 2017 , it was announced that Johnson 's role as Black Adam for the DC Extended Universe will now include two separate film installments ; the previously announced Shazam feature film , and an installment focusing on his anti-hero / villain character as well . The following month , it was reported that he was also beginning work on a comedy film about a family of WWE fighters , titled Fighting with My Family . In April 2017 , Johnson 's upcoming production schedule was announced that filming for Rampage had begun , and that Jungle Cruise will begin filming in early 2018 . Johnson 's role within the movie will also extend to the themepark ride , as Disney is reportedly in the process of redesigning it , with Johnson 's input as well . The new layout will feature at all Walt Disney Parks and Resorts locations worldwide . That same month , the first spin - off to The Fast and the Furious franchise was reported to feature Johnson and Jason Statham 's characters teaming up for a mission with franchise screenwriter Chris Morgan signed on to write the script . Several months later in July , it was revealed that Johnson will not appear in Shazam but will remain attached as producer for the film . Other work In 2000 Johnson published his autobiography , which he co-wrote with Joe Layden , titled The Rock Says ... It debuted at No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list and remaining on the list for several weeks . On May 21 , 2015 , Johnson set a Guinness World Record for most selfies in three minutes , taking 105 selfies with fans during the premiere of San Andreas in London . In March 2016 , Johnson partnered with the American fitness apparel manufacturer Under Armour to release `` Project Rock '' . The first item in his partnership with Under Armour , a gym bag , sold out in a couple of days . His second item , a black T - shirt sporting the wrestler 's iconic `` brahma bull '' sold out after being worn at WrestleMania 32 . Johnson also released an alarm clock app as part of `` Project Rock '' that received more than one million downloads in its first week of release . Activism and charity work Johnson attended the 2000 Democratic National Convention as part of WWE 's non-partisan `` Smackdown Your Vote '' campaign , which aimed to influence young people to vote . A supporter of the Republican Party at the time , he had a speaking role at the 2000 Republican National Convention that same year . In 2017 , he told GQ Magazine that he was registered as an independent . In 2006 , Johnson founded the Dwayne Johnson Rock Foundation , a charity working with at - risk and terminally ill children . On October 2 , 2007 , he and his ex-wife donated $1 million to the University of Miami to support the renovation of its football facilities ; it was noted as the largest donation ever given to the university 's athletics department by former students . The University of Miami renamed the Hurricanes ' locker room in Johnson 's honor . Personal Life Dany Garcia and Johnson at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival Because his mother , Ata Fitisemanu Maivia , is a descendant of Samoan chiefs , and in recognition of his service to the Samoan people , Malietoa Tanumafili II bestowed upon Johnson the noble title of Seiuli during his visit there in July 2004 . He received a partial Samoan pe'a tattoo in 2003 . Johnson married Dany Garcia on May 3 , 1997 . Their daughter , Simone Alexandra , was born August 14 , 2001 . On June 1 , 2007 , they announced they were splitting up amicably and intended to remain friends . Soon after the divorce , Johnson began dating Lauren Hashian , the daughter of Boston drummer Sib Hashian . They first met in 2006 while Johnson was filming The Game Plan , prompting rumors he left his marriage for Hashian . Their first child , a daughter named Jasmine , was born in December 2015 . Filmography Fast Five cast members promoting the film in Rio de Janeiro , from left : Johnson , Ludacris , Jordana Brewster , Vin Diesel and Paul Walker Main article : Dwayne Johnson filmography Beyond the Mat ( 1999 ) Longshot ( 2000 ) The Mummy Returns ( 2001 ) The Scorpion King ( 2002 ) The Rundown ( 2003 ) Walking Tall ( 2004 ) Be Cool ( 2005 ) Doom ( 2005 ) Gridiron Gang ( 2006 ) Reno 911 ! : Miami ( 2007 ) Southland Tales ( 2007 ) The Game Plan ( 2007 ) Get Smart ( 2008 ) Race to Witch Mountain ( 2008 ) Planet 51 ( 2009 ) Tooth Fairy ( 2010 ) Why Did I Get Married Too ? ( 2010 ) The Other Guys ( 2010 ) You Again ( 2010 ) Faster ( 2010 ) Fast Five ( 2011 ) Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island ( 2012 ) Snitch ( 2013 ) G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) Pain & Gain ( 2013 ) Fast & Furious 6 ( 2013 ) Empire State ( 2013 ) Hercules ( 2014 ) Furious 7 ( 2015 ) San Andreas ( 2015 ) Central Intelligence ( 2016 ) Moana ( 2016 ) The Fate of the Furious ( 2017 ) Baywatch ( 2017 ) Jumanji : Welcome to the Jungle ( 2017 ) Rampage ( 2018 ) Skyscraper ( 2018 ) Discography Year Song Album 2000 `` It Does n't Matter '' The Ecleftic : 2 Sides II a Book 2001 `` Pie '' WWF The Music , Vol. 5 2005 `` You Ai n't Woman Enough '' Be Cool soundtrack `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' Tooth Fairy soundtrack 2012 `` What a Wonderful World '' Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island soundtrack 2016 `` You 're Welcome '' Moana soundtrack In wrestling The Rock hitting the Rock Bottom on Daniel Bryan during Raw 1000 The Rock preparing to execute the People 's Elbow on John Cena during their match at WrestleMania XXVIII Finishing moves Corporate Elbow / People 's Elbow ( Running delayed high - impact elbow drop , with theatrics ) -- usually preceded by a spinebuster ; 1997 -- present Rock Bottom ( Falling side slam ) -- 1997 -- present Running shoulderbreaker -- 1996 Signature moves Fisherman suplex Float - over DDT Flowing snap DDT , sometimes followed by a kip - up Jumping clothesline Running swinging neckbreaker Running thrust lariat Samoan drop Sharpshooter Snap overhead belly - to - belly suplex , sometimes to an oncoming opponent Spinebuster , usually followed by a People 's Elbow Managers Debra Mr. McMahon Shane McMahon Nicknames `` The Brahma Bull '' `` The Corporate Champion '' `` The Great One '' `` The Most Electrifying Man in All of Entertainment / Sports Entertainment '' `` The People 's Champion '' `` Rocky '' Entrance themes `` Destiny '' by Jim Johnston ( 1996 -- 1997 ) `` Power '' by Jim Johnston ( August 11 , 1997 -- May 4 , 1998 ) `` You Smell It ? '' by Jim Johnston ( May 11 , 1998 -- August 24 , 1998 ) `` The Rock Says '' by Jim Johnston ( August 30 , 1998 -- October 18 , 1998 ) `` Do You Smell It ( V1 ) '' by Jim Johnston ( October 19 , 1998 ) `` Do You Smell It ( V2 ) '' by Jim Johnston ( October 26 , 1998 -- August 26 , 1999 ) `` Hypnotize '' ( Instrumental ) by The Notorious B.I.G. ( November 30 , 1998 ) `` Do You Smell It ( V3 ) '' by Jim Johnston ( August 30 , 1999 -- September 23 , 1999 ) `` Know Your Role '' by Jim Johnston ( September 26 , 1999 -- April 2 , 2001 ; March 8 , 2004 -- October 2 , 2009 ) `` If You Smell '' by Jim Johnston ( July 30 , 2001 -- February 20 , 2003 ) `` Is Cookin ' '' by Jim Johnston ( February 23 , 2003 -- March 1 , 2004 ) `` Electrifying '' by Jim Johnston ( February 14 , 2011 -- present ) Relatives in wrestling Main article : Anoa'i family Championships and accomplishments The Rock is a ten - time world champion -- an eight - time WWF / WWE Champion ( in the picture ) and a two - time WCW / World Champion Pro Wrestling Illustrated Match of the Year ( 1999 ) vs. Mankind in an `` I Quit '' match at Royal Rumble Match of the Year ( 2002 ) vs. Hollywood Hulk Hogan at WrestleMania X8 Most Popular Wrestler of the Year ( 1999 , 2000 ) Wrestler of the Year ( 2000 ) Ranked No. 2 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2000 Ranked No. 76 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the `` PWI Years '' in 2003 United States Wrestling Association USWA World Tag Team Championship ( 2 times ) -- with Bart Sawyer World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment / WWE WCW / World Championship ( 2 times ) WWF / WWE Championship ( 8 times ) WWF Intercontinental Championship ( 2 times ) WWF Tag Team Championship ( 5 times ) -- with Mankind ( 3 ) , The Undertaker ( 1 ) , and Chris Jericho ( 1 ) Deadly Games WWF Championship Tournament ( 1998 ) Royal Rumble ( 2000 ) Sixth Triple Crown Champion Slammy Awards ( 9 times ) Best Actor ( 2014 ) Game Changer of the Year ( 2011 ) -- with John Cena Guess Who 's Back or : Return of the Year ( 2011 ) LOL ! Moment of the Year ( 2012 , 2013 ) -- insulting John Cena using the history of Boston , Massachusetts -- Rock Concert on the 20th anniversary episode of Raw Match of the Year ( 2013 ) -- vs. John Cena for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 29 New Sensation ( 1997 ) `` Tell Me You Did n't Just Say That '' Insult of the Year ( 2014 ) -- insulting Rusev and Lana `` This is Awesome '' Moment of the Year ( 2015 -- shared with Ronda Rousey ) Wrestling Observer Newsletter Best Box Office Draw ( 2000 , 2011 , 2012 ) Best Gimmick ( 1999 ) Best on Interviews ( 1999 , 2000 ) Most Charismatic ( 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2011 , 2012 ) Most Improved ( 1998 ) Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame ( Class of 2007 ) The Rock 's seventh reign was as WWE Undisputed Champion . Other awards and honors See also : Dwayne Johnson filmography 1991 : NCAA National Championship -- as a member of the Miami Hurricanes 2001 : Teen Choice Awards -- Choice Movie Villain 2012 : CinemaCon Action Star of the Year 2013 : Kids Choice Awards -- Favorite Male Butt Kicker 2016 : People 's Choice Award -- Favorite Premium Cable TV Actor 2016 : Mr. Olympia ICON Award 2016 : People Magazine Sexiest Man Alive 2017 : Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 2017 : People 's Choice Award for Favorite Premium Series Actor 2017 : NAACP Image Award for Entertainer of the Year See also Professional wrestling portal List of people from Miami Rock and a Hard Place ( film ) References Jump up ^ `` The Rock '' . Cagematch . Retrieved August 27 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Milner , John . `` The Rock '' . Slam ! Sports . Canadian Online Explorer . Retrieved April 13 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : `` Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson `` . WWE . Retrieved March 9 , 2012 . 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Maivia , born in Samoa in the 1930s , was a `` blood brother '' of the Anoa'i family . Jump up ^ `` The Anoa'i family wrestling dynasty : photos '' , WWE , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , High Chief Peter Maivia , The Rock 's grandfather , was `` blood brothers '' with The Wild Samoans ' father , Amituanai Anoa'i . Jump up ^ Sonny , Julian ( November 16 , 2015 ) , `` Samoan Strength : The Rock 's Family Tree Is A Wrestling Dynasty '' , Elite Daily , retrieved November 29 , 2015 Jump up ^ Pockross , Adam ( March 27 , 2013 ) , `` The Rock 's Grandfather Was a Bond Villain : Could It Be Another Family Business ? '' , Yahoo ! Movies , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , the `` High Chief '' is most often remembered as a prominent member of one of the greatest families in all of professional wrestling : the Anoa'i / Maivia family of Samoans . Jump up ^ Helling , Steve ( August 13 , 2014 ) , `` Dwayne ' The Rock ' Johnson 's Family Is ' So Thankful ' to Survive Car Crash '' , People , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , ( ... ) retired professional wrestler Afa Anoa'i , a cousin of Ata Johnson and uncle to Fanene . Jump up ^ `` 8 Things You Did n't Know About WWE Superstar Roman Reigns '' , CBS Pittsburgh , August 19 , 2014 , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , Roman Reigns was born Leati Joseph Anoa'i into the Samoan American wrestling family of the same last name . ( ... ) His cousin is Dwayne ' The Rock ' Johnson , son of wrestler Rocky Johnson . Jump up ^ `` Wrestler ' Umaga ' Edward Fatu dies of heart attack , friend says '' , CNN , December 5 , 2009 , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , ( ... ) was a member of the famous Anoa'i wrestling family , which includes cousin Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson , his two uncles , who wrestled as The Wild Samoans in the 1980s , and brothers , Sam `` Tonga Kid '' and Solofa Jr . `` Rikishi , '' according to Wrestlers Rescue , a support group for retired professional wrestlers . Jump up ^ `` ' We 're thankful no one was killed ' : Dwayne ' The Rock ' Johnson 's cousin describes aftermath of car accident that landed star 's mom in hospital '' , Daily Mail , August 12 , 2014 , retrieved November 29 , 2015 , ( ... ) retired professional wrestler Afa Anoa'i , a cousin of Ata and uncle to Lina ( ... ) Jump up ^ Nsubuga , Jimmy ( August 11 , 2014 ) . `` The Rock posts shocking picture of car crash involving mum and cousin '' . The Metro . 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Jump up ^ `` Dwayne Johnson to Play Black Adam in New Line 's ' Shazam , ' Darren Lemke to Script '' . Variety.com . September 3 , 2014 . Retrieved September 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Dwayne Johnson Journey 3 and 4 : Writers Hired For Two More Sequels '' . slashfilm.com . August 14 , 2014 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kit , Borys ( August 19 , 2015 ) . `` Dwayne Johnson to Star in ' Jungle Cruise ' Movie for Disney ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Robert Ludlum Movie Universe Planned w / Dwayne Johnson '' . comingsoon.net . May 18 , 2016 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Skyscraper Movie Coming from Legendary and Dwayne Johnson '' . comingsoon.net . May 27 , 2016 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Rosen , Christopher ( June 8 , 2015 ) . `` Dwayne Johnson : John Carpenter will be involved in Big Trouble in Little China remake '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2017 . 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Jump up ^ `` Raw 's Returning Superstars : Are They Friend or Foe for Mr. McMahon '' . World Wrestling Entertainment . Retrieved June 10 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` The Rock Returns to Raw 2011 ( Full Segment ) '' . YouTube . Retrieved August 18 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Benner , Eric ( November 22 , 1999 ) . `` The Rock 's a riot in Montreal '' . Canadian Online Explorer . Retrieved December 7 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` WWE : The Music , Vol. 4 '' . iTunes Store . Retrieved December 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` WWE : If You Smell ( The Rock ) -- Single '' . iTunes Store . Retrieved December 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` WWE : `` Electrifying '' ( The Rock ) -- Single `` . iTunes Store . Retrieved March 25 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` PWI Awards '' . Pro Wrestling Illustrated . Kappa Publishing Group . Retrieved December 4 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners -- Match of the Year '' . Wrestling Information Archive . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2008 . Retrieved May 12 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Pro Wrestling Illustrated ( PWI ) 500 for 2000 '' . Internet Wrestling Database . Retrieved December 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` USWA World Tag Team Title History '' . Solie 's Title Histories . Retrieved March 21 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Rock 's first WCW Championship Reign '' . WWE . Archived from the original on March 24 , 2012 . Retrieved August 19 , 2001 . Jump up ^ `` Rock 's second WCW Championship Reign '' . WWE . Archived from the original on March 24 , 2012 . Retrieved November 5 , 2001 . Jump up ^ `` History of WWE World Heavyweight Championship '' . WWE . November 15 , 1998 . Jump up ^ `` Rock 's eight WWE Championship Reign '' . WWE . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2013 . Retrieved January 27 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` WWE Intercontinental Championship official title history '' . WWE . Retrieved March 21 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` World Tag Team Championship official title history '' . WWE . Retrieved March 21 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Meltzer , Dave ( January 30 , 2012 ) . `` Jan 30 Wrestling Observer Newsletter : Gigantic year - end awards issue , best and worst in all categories plus UFC on FX 1 , death of Savannah Jack , ratings , tons and tons of news '' . Wrestling Observer Newsletter . Campbell , CA . ISSN 1083 - 9593 . ^ Jump up to : Meltzer , Dave ( January 23 , 2013 ) . `` The 2012 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Annual Awards Issue '' . Wrestling Observer Newsletter . Campbell , California . ISSN 1083 - 9593 . Jump up ^ `` Dwayne Johnson '' . SI.com . Retrieved October 3 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Staff , Hollywood.com ( October 26 , 2001 ) . `` 2001 Teen Choice Awards '' . Hollywood.com . Archived from the original on June 26 , 2015 . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` DWAYNE JOHNSON TO RECEIVE `` CINEMACON ® ACTION STAR OF THE YEAR AWARD '' CinemaCon `` . cinemacon.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 2013 Kids ' Choice Awards : And the winners are ... '' . EW.com . March 23 , 2013 . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` People 's Choice Awards 2016 : Full List Of Winners '' . People 's Choice . January 7 , 2016 . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 411MANIA The Rock Receives Mr. Olympia ICON Award , Makes Announcement on Production Deal for 2017 Event '' . The Rock Receives Mr. Olympia ICON Award , Makes Announcement on Production Deal for 2017 Event . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Dwayne ' The Rock ' Johnson Is This Year 's Sexiest Man Alive ! '' . PEOPLE.com . November 15 , 2016 . Retrieved January 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Hollywood Walk of Fame '' . ABC News . Retrieved June 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` People 's Choice Awards 2017 : Full List Of Winners '' . People 's Choice . January 19 , 2017 . Retrieved January 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NAACP Image Awards 2017 Winners : The Complete List '' . E ! News . Retrieved March 10 , 2017 . External links Find more aboutDwayne Johnsonat Wikipedia 's sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Dwayne Johnson on IMDb Dwayne Johnson on Facebook Dwayne Johnson on WWE.com Dwayne Johnson 's profile at Cagematch.net , Wrestlingdata.com , Internet Wrestling Database Media offices Preceded by Joshua Jackson Saturday Night Live host March 18 , 2000 Succeeded by Christopher Walken Preceded by Cameron Diaz Saturday Night Live host April 13 , 2002 Succeeded by Alec Baldwin Preceded by Alec Baldwin Saturday Night Live host March 7 , 2009 Succeeded by Tracy Morgan Preceded by Chris Hemsworth Saturday Night Live host March 28 , 2015 Succeeded by Michael Keaton Preceded by Melissa McCarthy Saturday Night Live host May 20 , 2017 Succeeded by Most recent Preceded by Hugh Jackman Host of Christmas in Washington 2014 Position abolished Links to related articles 1991 Miami Hurricanes football -- AP national champions Jessie Armstead Micheal Barrow Coleman Bell Donnell Bennett Horace Copeland Mario Cristobal Craig Erickson Tirrell Greene Carlos Huerta Dwayne Johnson Chris Jones Ryan McNeil Leon Searcy Darryl Spencer Darrin Smith Lamar Thomas Gino Torretta Warren Sapp Darryl Williams Kevin Williams Head coach : Dennis Erickson Assistant coaches : Dave Arnold Bob Bratkowski Sonny Lubick Ed Orgeron Randy Shannon Tommy Tuberville Alex Wood Walking Tall Originals Walking Tall ( 1973 ) Walking Tall Part 2 ( 1975 ) Walking Tall : Final Chapter ( 1977 ) Remakes Walking Tall ( 2004 ) Walking Tall : The Payback ( 2007 ) Walking Tall : Lone Justice ( 2007 ) Television productions A Real American Hero ( 1978 ) Walking Tall ( 1981 ) Related topics Buford Pusser Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Awards Ceremonies The Big Ballot 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Hosts Paula Abdul David Arquette Jack Black Candace Cameron John Cena Dave Coulier Tony Danza Cameron Diaz Josh Duhamel Nicole Eggert David Faustino Debbie Gibson Brian Austin Green Whitney Houston Kevin James Dwayne Johnson Nick Jonas Joey Lawrence LL Cool J Mandy Moore Frankie Muniz Mike Myers Corin Nemec Rosie O'Donnell Brian Robbins Holly Robinson Peete Dan Schneider Blake Shelton Will Smith Tori Spelling Ben Stiller Justin Timberlake Mark Wahlberg Marc Weiner Wil Wheaton Venues Candlestick Park Barker Hangar The Forum Galen Center Grand Olympic Auditorium Hollywood Bowl Pantages Theatre Pauley Pavilion The Summit Universal Studios Hollywood International versions Argentina Australia Brazil Colombia France Germany Indonesia Italy Mexico Netherlands / Flanders Philippines Sweden UK Sports Awards 2014 2015 2016 2017 Book ' Television portal / Nickelodeon portal WWE personnel Raw Male wrestlers Apollo Crews Big Cass Big Show Bo Dallas Braun Strowman Bray Wyatt Brock Lesnar Cesaro Curt Hawkins Curtis Axel Darren Young Dash Wilder Dean Ambrose Dustin Rhodes Elias Finn Bálor Heath Slater Jason Jordan Jeff Hardy Kalisto Karl Anderson Luke Gallows Matt Hardy The Miz Rhyno R - 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Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Villain Sarah Michelle Gellar ( 1999 ) Mike Myers ( 2000 ) The Rock ( 2001 ) Seann William Scott ( 2002 ) Colin Farrell ( 2003 ) Seann William Scott ( 2004 ) Jim Carrey ( 2005 ) Bill Nighy ( 2006 - 2007 ) Johnny Depp ( 2008 ) Cam Gigandet ( 2009 ) Rachelle Lefevre ( 2010 ) Tom Felton ( 2011 ) Alexander Ludwig ( 2012 ) Adam DeVine ( 2013 ) Donald Sutherland ( 2014 ) Bella Thorne ( 2015 ) Adam Driver ( 2016 ) Luke Evans ( 2017 ) VIAF : 116976150 LCCN : no99049473 ISNI : 0000 0000 8413 6984 GND : 135865557 SUDOC : 078052971 BNF : cb14454876v ( data ) MusicBrainz : 5f3411dd - 4723 - 430a - a82b - c5580abd5bb0 NDL : 00895853 BNE : XX1646189 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwayne_Johnson&oldid=802349328 '' Categories : 1972 births 20th - century American male actors 21st - century American male actors Actors of Samoan descent African - American male actors African - American players of American football African - American players of Canadian football African - American professional wrestlers American football defensive linemen American male film actors American people of Black Nova Scotian descent American people of Canadian descent American people of Samoan descent American players of American football of Samoan descent American professional wrestlers of Samoan descent Anoa'i family Calgary Stampeders players Canadian football defensive linemen Canadian male film actors Canadian male professional wrestlers Canadian people of American descent Canadian people of Samoan descent Living people Male actors from the San Francisco Bay Area Miami Hurricanes football players The Nation of Domination members People from Southwest Ranches , Florida Players of American football from California Players of American football from Pennsylvania Professional wrestlers from California Samoan professional wrestlers Sportspeople from Bethlehem , Pennsylvania Sportspeople from Hayward , California Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area WWF / WWE Intercontinental Champions WWF / WWE World Heavyweight Champions Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2017 Articles with dead external links from December 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from December 2016 Use mdy dates from March 2017 Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Good articles Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Afrikaans Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Български Boarisch Català Cebuano Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Қазақша Latviešu Magyar मैथिली მარგალური مصرى Bahasa Melayu Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 中文 डोटेली Edit links This page was last edited on 25 September 2017 , at 16 : 22 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the rock first appear in fast and furious | ["Johnson appeared in Fast Five (2011), the fifth film of The Fast and the Furious film series, as DSS agent Luke Hobbs, who is assigned to hunt down the series' protagonists. He landed the role after series star Vin Diesel read comments and feedback from fans, the majority of whom wanted to see Diesel and Johnson in a movie together. Johnson, a fan of the franchise, had wanted to work with Universal Studios again after they had given him his first film roles. Fast Five grossed over $86 million in its opening weekend, the biggest opening for a Fast & Furious film, the biggest opening for an April release,[237] and the biggest opening for a Johnson movie.[238] Johnson starred in the adventure sequel film Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012) and headlined the action drama film Snitch (2013), based on a true story, which opened to mixed reviews; however, Johnson's performance was praised."] | ['Fast Five (2011), the fifth film of The Fast and the Furious film series'] | Johnson appeared in Fast Five (2011), the fifth film of The Fast and the Furious film series, as DSS agent Luke Hobbs, who is assigned to hunt down the series' protagonists. He landed the role after series star Vin Diesel read comments and feedback from fans, the majority of whom wanted to see Diesel and Johnson in a movie together. Johnson, a fan of the franchise, had wanted to work with Universal Studios again after they had given him his first film roles. Fast Five grossed over $86 million in its opening weekend, the biggest opening for a Fast & Furious film, the biggest opening for an April release,[237] and the biggest opening for a Johnson movie.[238] Johnson starred in the adventure sequel film Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012) and headlined the action drama film Snitch (2013), based on a true story, which opened to mixed reviews; however, Johnson's performance was praised. |
[question]: What was the name of the character played by Dwayne Johnson in Fast Five?
[answer]: The character played by Dwayne Johnson in Fast Five was named Luke Hobbs. | What was the name of the character played by Dwayne Johnson in Fast Five? | The character played by Dwayne Johnson in Fast Five was named Luke Hobbs. | 1 | 7.359692 | 13 | 153 | 1 |
17,784 | -3,551,478,990,205,210,600 | Beer in Germany | Beer in Germany - wikipedia Beer in Germany Jump to : navigation , search A Kranz ( wreath ) of fresh Kölsch beer that is typically carried by a server ( `` Köbes '' ) , containing traditional Stange glasses and , in the center , larger modern glasses Beer is a major part of German culture . German beer is brewed according to the Reinheitsgebot , which permits only water , hops , and malt as ingredients and stipulates that beers not exclusively using barley - malt such as wheat beer must be top - fermented . In 2012 , Germany ranked third in Europe in terms of per - capita beer consumption , behind the Czech Republic and Austria . Contents ( hide ) 1 Reinheitsgebot 2 Styles 2.1 Wheat beers 2.2 Pale beers 2.3 Dark beers 2.4 Unfiltered beer 3 Brands and breweries 4 Alcohol content 5 Drinkware 5.1 Weizen glass 5.2 Beer stein 5.3 Maß 5.4 Stange and Becher 5.5 Pilstulpe 5.6 Beer boot 6 Beer festivals 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Reinheitsgebot ( edit ) Main article : Reinheitsgebot The Reinheitsgebot ( `` purity decree '' ) , sometimes called the `` German Beer Purity Law '' or the `` Bavarian Purity Law '' in English , was a regulation concerning the production of beer in Germany . In the original text , the only ingredients that could be used in the production of beer were water , barley , and hops , which had to be added only while the wort was boiling . After its discovery , yeast became the fourth legal ingredient . For top fermenting beers , the use of sugar is also permitted . There is a dispute as to where the Reinheitsgebot originated . Some Bavarians point out that the law originated in the city of Ingolstadt in the duchy of Bavaria on 23 April 1516 , although first put forward in 1487 , concerning standards for the sale and composition of beer . Thuringians point to a document which states the ingredients of beer as water , hops , and barley only , and was written in 1434 in Weißensee ( Thuringia ) . It was discovered in the medieval Runneburg near Erfurt in 1999 . Before its official repeal in 1987 , it was the oldest food - quality regulation in the world . Styles ( edit ) Wheat beers ( edit ) Unfiltered and filtered German wheat beers Weizenbier and Weißbier are the standard German names for wheat beer -- `` Weizen '' is German for `` wheat '' , and `` weiß '' is German for `` white '' . Weizenbock is the name for a strong beer or bock made with wheat . 16 - 17 ° Plato , 6.5 - 8 % ABV . Roggenbier -- a fairly dark beer made with rye , somewhat grainy flavour similar to bread , 4.5 - 6 % ABV . Berliner Weisse -- a pale , very sour , wheat beer brewed in Berlin . 9 ° Plato , 2.5 - 5 % ABV . The beer is typically served with raspberry or woodruff flavoured syrup . Leipziger Gose -- an amber , mildly sour , wheat beer with an addition of salt , brewed around Leipzig . 10 - 12 ° Plato , 4 - 5 % ABV . Hefeweizen -- an unfiltered wheat beer . `` Hefe '' is German for yeast . Kristallweizen -- a filtered wheat beer . Characterized by a clear appearance as opposed to the cloudy look of a typical Hefeweizen . Kottbusser -- an heirloom style originating in the city of Cottbus , typically containing oats , honey and molasses in addition to wheat and barley malts . Pale beers ( edit ) Export -- a pale lager brewed around Dortmund that is fuller , maltier and less hoppy than Pilsner. 12 - 12.5 ° Plato , 5 - 5.5 % ABV . Germany 's most popular style in the 1950s and 1960s , it is now becoming increasingly rare . Helles -- a malty pale lager from Bavaria of 11 - 12 ° Plato , 4.5 - 5 % ABV . Kölsch -- pale , light - bodied , top - fermented , beer which , when brewed in Germany , can only legally be brewed in the Cologne region . 11 - 12 ° Plato , 4.5 - 5 % ABV . Maibock -- a pale , strong lager brewed in the spring . 16 - 17 ° Plato , 6.5 - 7 % ABV . Märzen at Oktoberfest , served in the traditional 1 - litre Maß . Märzen -- medium body , malty lagers that come in pale , amber and dark varieties . 13 - 14 ° Plato , 5.2 - 6 % ABV . The type of beer traditionally served at the Munich Oktoberfest . Pilsener -- a pale lager with a light body and a more prominent hop character . 11 - 12 ° Plato , 4.5 - 5 % ABV . By far the most popular style , with around two thirds of the market . Spezial -- a pale , full , bitter - sweet and delicately hopped lager. 13 - 13.5 ° Plato , 5.5 - 5.7 % ABV . Dark beers ( edit ) Altbier -- a top - fermented , lagered beer . It is brewed only in Düsseldorf and in the Lower Rhine region . Its origins lie in Westphalia , and there are still a few Altbier breweries in this region . Tastes range from mildly bitter and hoppy to exceptionally bitter . About ten breweries in the Düsseldorf region brew Altbier at 5 % - 6.5 % ABV . Bock -- a heavy - bodied , bitter - sweet lager darkened by high - coloured malts. 16 - 17 ° Plato , 6.5 - 7 % ABV . Doppelbock -- a very strong , very full - bodied lager darkened by high - coloured malts. 18 - 28 ° Plato , 8 - 12 % ABV . Dunkel -- a dark lager which comes in two main varieties : the sweetish , malty Munich style and the drier , hoppy Franconian style . Schwarzbier -- a bottom - fermented , dark lager beer . 11 - 12 ° Plato , 4.5 - 5 % ABV . Unfiltered beer ( edit ) A glass stein of unfiltered Eichbaum Kellerbier Kellerbiers are unfiltered lagers which are conditioned in a similar manner to cask ales . Strength and colour will vary , though in the Franconia region where these cask conditioned lagers are still popular , the strength will tend to be 5 % abv or slightly higher , and the colour will tend to be a deep amber , but the defining characteristic is the cask conditioning . Kellerbier is German for `` cellar beer '' . Zwickelbier was originally a sample amount of beer taken by a brewery boss from the barrel with the help of a special pipe called a `` Zwickelhahn '' . Zwickelbiers are unfiltered lagers like Kellerbier , though with a slightly different conditioning process which gives the lager more carbonation . Zwickelbiers tend to be younger , lower in alcohol and less hoppy than Kellerbiers . A very similar beer is Zoiglbier , which in the Upper Palatinate 's brewing practice is advertised with a `` Zoiglstern '' ( i.e. , sign ) -- a six - pointed blue - and - white symbol made from wooden slats , similar to a Star of David . Brands and breweries ( edit ) See also : List of brewing companies in Germany While the beer market is weaker but more centralized in northern Germany , southern Germany has many smaller , local breweries . Almost half of all German breweries are in Bavaria , were the seven main breweries produce 158 million gallons . In total , there are approximately 1,300 breweries in Germany producing over 5,000 brands of beer . The highest density of breweries in the world is found in Aufseß near the city of Bamberg , in the Franconia region of Bavaria with four breweries and only 1,352 citizens . The Benedictine abbey Weihenstephan brewery ( established in 725 ) is reputedly the oldest existing brewery in the world ( brewing since 1040 ) . In 2004 , Oettinger replaced Krombacher as the best selling brand in Germany . Top ten best - selling German beer brands in million hectolitres Brewery Location Output in 2012 Output in 2015 Oettinger Oettingen 5.89 5.39 Krombacher Kreuztal 5.46 5.49 Bitburger Bitburg 4.07 3.84 Beck 's Bremen 2.78 2.59 Warsteiner Warstein 2.77 2.34 Hasseröder Wernigerode 2.75 2.25 Veltins Meschede 2.72 2.79 Paulaner Munich 2.30 2.42 Radeberger Radeberg 1.91 1.90 Erdinger Erding 1.72 1.80 Alcohol content ( edit ) The alcohol - by - volume , or ABV , content of beers in Germany is usually between 4.7 % and 5.4 % for most traditional brews . Bockbier or Doppelbock ( double Bockbier ) can have an alcohol content of up to 16 % , making it stronger than many wines . Drinkware ( edit ) Further information : Beer glassware An ornate stoneware beer stein . A common half - litre Humpen mug . A Weizen beer glass . A Pilsner beer glass Dunkel , pictured here in a Stange glass . A Maßkrug is the style of glassware featured at German Oktoberfest celebrations . A German bierstiefel ( beer boot ) . A Berliner Weisse glass . Weizen glass ( edit ) A glass of Weizen A Weizen glass is used to serve Weizenbier . Originating in Germany , the glass is narrow at the bottom and slightly wider at the top ; the width both releasing aroma , and providing room for the often thick , fluffy heads produced by wheat beer . It tends to be taller than a pint glass , and generally holds 500 millilitres with room for foam or `` head '' . In some countries , such as Belgium , the glass may be 250 ml or 330 ml . Wheat beers tend to foam a lot , especially if poured incorrectly . A customary manner is to swirl around a bit of ( preferably cold ) water in the glass to wet it and afterwards pouring the beer slowly , holding the glass in an angle of approximately 45 ° . Beer stein ( edit ) A beer stein ( or simply a stein / ˈstaɪn / STYNE ) is an English neologism for a traditional type of beer mug . Steins may be made of stoneware ( rarely the inferior earthenware ) , pewter , porcelain , silver , glass , or wood . They may have open tops or may have hinged pewter lids with a thumb - lever . Steins usually come in sizes of a half litre or full litre ( or comparable historical sizes ) . Like decorative tankards , they are often decorated in nostalgic themes , generally showing allusions to Germany or Bavaria . It is believed by some that the lid was implemented during the time of the Black Plague to prevent diseased flies from getting into the beer . Maß ( edit ) The Maß ( pronounced ( mas ) ) is a term used in German - speaking countries for a unit of volume , now typically used only for measuring beer sold for immediate on - site consumption . In modern times , a Maß is defined as exactly 1 litre . As a maß is a unit of measure , various designs are possible : modern maß krugs are often handled glass tankards , although they may also be in the form of steins . At the Octoberfest beer isavailable in maß Krug or half litre ' Halb ' . Stange and Becher ( edit ) A Stange ( stick or rod ) is a cylindrical glass that is traditionally used for Kölsch beer . A Becher ( tumbler ) , traditionally used for Altbier , is similar to a Stange but is slightly shorter and much thicker . Stangen are carried by placing them into holes in a special tray called a Kranz ( wreath ) . In Cologne Stanges are usually served by traditional waiters called Köbes . Pilstulpe ( edit ) Traditional German Pilstulpen The Pilstulpe ( `` Pilsner Tulip '' ) or Biertulpe ( `` Beer tulip '' ) is the tradition glass for German pilsner beers . Sizes are typically around 300 millilitres ( 11 imp fl oz ; 10 US fl oz ) , but can be as large as 500 millilitres ( 18 imp fl oz ; 17 US fl oz ) . When used in restaurant settings , a small piece of absorbent paper is placed around the base to absorb any drips from spilling or condensation . Beer boot ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Beer boots ( Bierstiefel in German ) have over a century of history and culture behind them . It is commonly believed that a general somewhere promised his troops to drink beer from his boot if they were successful in battle . When the troops prevailed , the general had a glassmaker fashion a boot from glass to fulfill his promise without tasting his own feet and to avoid spoiling the beer in his leather boot . Since then , soldiers have enjoyed toasting to their victories with a beer boot . At gatherings in Germany , Austria , and Switzerland , beer boots are often passed among the guests for a festive drinking challenge . Since the movie Beerfest appeared in 2006 , beer boots have become increasingly popular in the United States . Glass beer boots are either manufactured using a mold or from mouth - blown glass by skilled artisans . In Germany , beer boots usually contain between 2 and 4 litres and are passed from one guest at the table to the next one clockwise . When almost reaching the bottom of the boot , it suddenly starts bubbling . By some accounts , drinker who caused the bubbling has to order the next boot . There are also boots known with 6 and 8 litres . That being said , beer boots are almost never seen in Germany , even among friends who do drink as much and more beer on an evening out together ; normal glasses are preferred . Beer festivals ( edit ) Main article : Beer festival Inside a tent at Munich 's Oktoberfest - the world 's largest beer festival Oktoberfest is a 16 - to 18 - day festival held annually in Munich , Bavaria , Germany , running from late September to the first weekend in October . Only beer which is brewed within the city limits of Munich with a minimum of 13.5 % Stammwürze ( approximately 6 % alcohol by volume ) is allowed to be served in this festival . Upon passing this criterion , a beer is designated Oktoberfest Beer . Large quantities of German beer are consumed , with almost 7 million liters served during the 16 - day festival in 2007 . Recently in 2015 the festival officially served 7.3 million liters of beer . Other festivals include The Cannstatter Volksfest in Stuttgart . The Gäubodenvolksfest in Straubing The Bergkirchweih in Erlangen The Hanover Schützenfest The Freimarkt in Bremen The Augsburger Plärrer in Augsburg The Nockherberg Starkbierfest in Munich The Volksfest in Pfaffenhofen In many cases , the beer festival is part of a general funfair or volksfest . See also ( edit ) Beer portal Germany portal Beer and breweries by region List of brewing companies in Germany Reinheitsgebot , German Beer Purity Order References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Vorläufiges Biergesetz '' . Archived from the original on 9 September 2007 . Retrieved 2007 - 09 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` 492 Years of Good Beer '' . Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 26 . Jump up ^ `` Kirin Beer University Report , Global Beer Consumption by Country in 2012 '' . Table 3 . See also : List of countries by beer consumption per capita Jump up ^ `` Bavaria '' ; Bolt , Rodney ; Globe Pequot Press ; Connecticut ; 2005 ; pg 37 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived March 20 , 2005 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` 492 Years of Good Beer : Germans Toast the Anniversary of Their Beer Purity Law - International - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News '' . Web.archive.org . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2008 . Retrieved 2016 - 01 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Weissbier '' . German Beer Institute . Archived from the original on 24 October 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 07 . Jump up ^ M. Gibson ( 2010 ) . The Sommelier Prep Course : An Introduction to the Wines , Beers , and Spirits . John Wiley and Sons . p. 364 . ISBN 9780470283189 . Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 07 . Jump up ^ ( 2 ) Archived April 24 , 2014 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jackson 's Beer Hunter - Beer Styles : Kellerbier '' . Beer Hunter . Archived from the original on 5 July 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 30 . Jump up ^ Kellerbier Archived 2008 - 06 - 21 at the Wayback Machine . German Beer Institute Jump up ^ Zwickelbier Jump up ^ About the history of Zoiglbier Jump up ^ Pronunciation and definition of Zoiglbier Jump up ^ Quoted in Sonntag Aktuell Newspaper ( Stuttgart ) , 28.09. 2008 Jump up ^ ( 3 ) Jump up ^ World 's Best Beers : One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass by Ben McFarland Jump up ^ Cited news from Financial Times Germany on oettinger.de Jump up ^ Table Statista , 2013 . Jump up ^ FAZ.net Bierblog Jump up ^ Ben McFarland , World 's Best Beers : One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass , page 27 . Sterling Publishing Company , Inc. , 2009 , ISBN 1 - 4027 - 6694 - 7 . 2009 - 10 - 06 . ISBN 9781402766947 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 10 . Jump up ^ The Beer Journal . Google Books . 2007 - 08 - 30 . ISBN 9781430312468 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 10 . Jump up ^ Gary Kirsner ( 1999 ) . `` A Brief History of Beer Steins '' . Archived from the original on 3 June 2009 . Retrieved June 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` History of Oktoberfest - How It Began in Munich Germany '' . Retrieved 2016 - 07 - 07 . Further reading ( edit ) Prost ! : The Story of German Beer , Horst D. Dornbusch , Brewers Publications ( 1997 ) , ISBN 0 - 937381 - 55 - 1 Good Beer Guide Germany , Steve Thomas , CAMRA Books ( 17 May 2006 ) , ISBN 1 - 85249 - 219 - 8 External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to German beers . EuropeanBeerGuide.net ( hide ) Beers of the world Africa Cape Verde Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tanzania Asia Armenia Azerbaijan China Hong Kong Tibet India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Malaysia Myanmar North Korea Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey Vietnam Europe Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany brewing companies Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland North America Belize Canada Quebec Caribbean Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama United States Puerto Rico Oceania Australia New Zealand South America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Venezuela Alcohol belts of Europe List of countries by beer consumption per capita List of microbreweries Beer portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beer_in_Germany&oldid=836514839 '' Categories : Beer in Germany German cuisine Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Articles containing German - language text Articles needing additional references from March 2010 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本 語 Polski Русский Svenska Українська 粵語 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 15 April 2018 , at 07 : 29 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the most popular beer brand in germany | ["\nTop ten best-selling German beer brands in million hectolitres\n\nBrewery\nLocation\nOutput in 2012 [19]\nOutput in 2015 [20]\n\n\nOettinger\nOettingen\n5.89\n5.39\n\n\nKrombacher\nKreuztal\n5.46\n5.49\n\n\nBitburger\nBitburg\n4.07\n3.84\n\n\nBeck's\nBremen\n2.78\n2.59\n\n\nWarsteiner\nWarstein\n2.77\n2.34\n\n\nHasseröder\nWernigerode\n2.75\n2.25\n\n\nVeltins\nMeschede\n2.72\n2.79\n\n\nPaulaner\nMunich\n2.30\n2.42\n\n\nRadeberger\nRadeberg\n1.91\n1.90\n\n\nErdinger\nErding\n1.72\n1.80\n\n"] | ['Oettinger'] |
Top ten best-selling German beer brands in million hectolitres
Brewery
Location
Output in 2012 [19]
Output in 2015 [20]
Oettinger
Oettingen
5.89
5.39
Krombacher
Kreuztal
5.46
5.49
Bitburger
Bitburg
4.07
3.84
Beck's
Bremen
2.78
2.59
Warsteiner
Warstein
2.77
2.34
Hasseröder
Wernigerode
2.75
2.25
Veltins
Meschede
2.72
2.79
Paulaner
Munich
2.30
2.42
Radeberger
Radeberg
1.91
1.90
Erdinger
Erding
1.72
1.80
|
[question]: What is the name of the top ten best-selling German beer brands?
[answer]: The top ten best-selling German beer brands are Oettinger, Krombacher, Bitburger, Beck's, Warsteiner, Hasseröder, Veltins, Paulaner, Radeberger, and Erdinger. | What is the name of the top ten best-selling German beer brands? | The top ten best-selling German beer brands are Oettinger, Krombacher, Bitburger, Beck's, Warsteiner, Hasseröder, Veltins, Paulaner, Radeberger, and Erdinger. | 1 | 7.358282 | 19 | 59 | 1 |
9,054 | 6,553,269,678,726,145,000 | Chicago Bulls | Chicago Bulls - wikipedia Chicago Bulls Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the basketball team . For the American football team , see Chicago Bulls ( AFL ) . Chicago Bulls 2017 -- 18 Chicago Bulls season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1966 History Chicago Bulls 1966 -- present Arena United Center Location Chicago , Illinois Team colors Red , black President Michael Reinsdorf General manager Gar Forman Head coach Fred Hoiberg Ownership Jerry Reinsdorf Affiliation ( s ) Windy City Bulls Championships 6 ( 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 ) Conference titles 6 ( 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 ) Division titles 9 Midwest : 1 ( 1975 ) Central : 8 ( 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2011 , 2012 ) Retired numbers 4 ( 4 , 10 , 23 , 33 ) Website www.nba.com/bulls Uniforms Home Away The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team was founded on January 16 , 1966 . The team plays its home games at the United Center , an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s , when they were responsible for popularizing the NBA worldwide . They are known for having one of the NBA 's greatest dynasties , winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three - peats . All six championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan , Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson . The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships and never lose an NBA Finals series in their history . The Bulls won 72 games during the 1995 -- 96 NBA season , setting an NBA record that stood until the Golden State Warriors won 73 games during the 2015 -- 16 NBA season . The Bulls were the first team in NBA history to win 70 games or more in a single season , and the only NBA franchise to do so until the 2015 -- 16 Warriors . Many experts and analysts consider the 1996 Bulls to be one of the greatest teams in NBA history . Michael Jordan and Derrick Rose have both won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award while playing for the Bulls , for a total of six MVP awards . The Bulls share rivalries with the Detroit Pistons , New York Knicks , and the Miami Heat . The Bulls ' rivalry with the Pistons was highlighted heavily during the late 1980s and early 1990s . Contents ( hide ) 1 Franchise history 1.1 Team creation 1.2 1966 -- 1974 : Early success 1.3 1976 -- 1984 : Gilmore and Theus 1.4 1984 -- 1998 : The Michael Jordan era 1.4. 1 1991 -- 1993 : First championship three - peat 1.4. 2 1993 -- 1995 : Jordan 's first retirement 1.4. 3 1995 -- 1998 : Second championship three - peat 1.5 1998 -- 2004 : Rebuilding 1.5. 1 2004 -- 2007 : Resurgence 1.5. 2 2007 -- 2008 : Missing the playoffs 1.6 2008 -- 2016 : Derrick Rose era 1.6. 1 2008 -- 2010 : Derrick Rose appearance 1.6. 2 2010 -- 2011 : Arrival of Tom Thibodeau 1.6. 3 2011 -- 2014 : Injury - plagued seasons for Derrick Rose 1.6. 4 2014 -- 2015 : Derrick Rose return to health 1.6. 5 2015 -- 2016 : Change in approach 1.6. 6 2016 -- 2017 : Derrick Rose departs 1.7 2017 -- present : Rebuilding 2 Rivalries 2.1 Cleveland Cavaliers 2.2 Detroit Pistons 2.3 Miami Heat 2.4 New York Knicks 3 Traditions 3.1 Starting lineup introductions 3.2 Black shoes and socks 3.3 The circus trip 4 Name , logo and uniforms 4.1 Name 4.2 Logo 4.3 Uniforms 4.3. 1 1966 -- 73 uniforms 4.3. 2 1973 -- 85 uniforms 4.3. 3 1985 -- present uniforms 4.3. 4 Alternate black uniforms 4.3. 5 Other uniforms 5 Mascots 6 Season - by - season records 7 Franchise records 8 Training facility 9 Home arenas 10 Players 10.1 Current roster 10.2 Retained draft rights 10.3 Franchise leaders 11 Head coaches 12 Hall of Famers , retired and honored numbers 12.1 Basketball Hall of Famers 12.2 FIBA Hall of Famers 12.3 Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame 12.4 Retired numbers and honorees 13 Media 13.1 Radio 13.2 Television 14 References 15 External links Franchise history ( edit ) Team creation ( edit ) On January 16 , 1966 Chicago was granted an NBA franchise to be called the Bulls . The Chicago Bulls became the third NBA franchise in the city , after the Chicago Stags ( 1946 -- 1950 ) and the Chicago Packers / Zephyrs ( now the Washington Wizards ) . The Bulls ' founder , Dick Klein , was the Bulls ' only owner to ever play professional basketball ( for the Chicago American Gears ) . He served as the Bulls ' president and general manager in their initial years . After the 1966 NBA Expansion Draft , the newly founded Chicago Bulls were allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league for the upcoming 1966 -- 67 season . The team started in the 1966 -- 67 NBA season , and posted the best record by an expansion team in NBA history . Coached by Chicagoan and former NBA star Johnny `` Red '' Kerr , and led by former NBA assist leader Guy Rodgers , guard Jerry Sloan and forward Bob Boozer , the Bulls qualified for the playoffs , the only NBA team to do so in their inaugural season . 1966 -- 1974 : early success ( edit ) The 1969 -- 70 Chicago Bulls In their first season , the Bulls played their home games at the International Amphitheatre , before moving to Chicago Stadium . Fan interest was diminishing after four seasons , with one game in the 1968 season having an official attendance of 891 and some games being played in Kansas City . In 1969 , Klein dropped out of the general manager job and hired Pat Williams , who as the Philadelphia 76ers ' business manager created promotions that helped the team become third in attendance the previous season . Williams revamped the team roster , acquiring Chet Walker from his old team in exchange for Jim Washington and drafting Norm Van Lier -- who was traded to the Cincinnati Royals and only joined the Bulls in 1971 -- while also investing in promotion , with actions such as creating mascot Benny the Bull . The Bulls under Williams and head coach Dick Motta qualified for four straight playoffs and had attendances grow to over 10,000 . In 1972 , the Bulls set a franchise win - loss record at 57 wins and 25 losses . During the 1970s , the Bulls relied on Jerry Sloan , forwards Bob Love and Chet Walker , point guard Norm Van Lier , and centers Clifford Ray and Tom Boerwinkle . The team made the conference finals in 1975 but lost to the eventual champions , the Golden State Warriors , 4 games to 3 . After four 50 - win seasons , Williams returned to Philadelphia , and Motta decided to take on the role of GM as well . The Bulls ended up declining , winning only 24 games in the 1975 -- 1976 season . Motta was fired and replaced by Ed Badger . 1976 -- 1984 : Gilmore and Theus ( edit ) Gilmore in 1977 Klein sold the Bulls to the Wirtz Family , longtime owners of the Chicago Blackhawks . Indifferent to NBA basketball , the new ownership group infamously implemented a shoestring budget , putting little time and investment into improving the team . Artis Gilmore , acquired in the ABA dispersal draft in 1976 , led a Bulls squad which included guard Reggie Theus , forward David Greenwood and forward Orlando Woolridge . In 1979 , the Bulls lost a coin flip for the right to select first in the NBA draft ( Rod Thorn , the Bulls ' General Manager , called `` heads '' ) . Had the Bulls won the toss , they would have selected Magic Johnson ; instead , they selected David Greenwood with the second pick . The Los Angeles Lakers selected Johnson with the pick acquired from the New Orleans Jazz , who traded the selection for Gail Goodrich . After Gilmore was traded to the San Antonio Spurs for center Dave Corzine , the Bulls employed a high - powered offense centered around Theus , and which soon included guards Quintin Dailey and Ennis Whatley . However , with continued dismal results , the Bulls decided to change direction , trading Theus to the Kansas City Kings during the 1983 -- 84 season . Attendance began to dwindle , with the Wirtz Family looking to sell to ownership groups interested in moving the team out of Chicago , before selling to local ownership . 1984 -- 1998 : the Michael Jordan era ( edit ) Michael Jordan was drafted third overall by the Bulls in 1984 . He won six championships and six Finals MVPs for Chicago . This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In the summer of 1984 , the Bulls had the third pick of the 1984 NBA draft , after Houston and Portland . The Rockets selected Hakeem Olajuwon , the Blazers picked Sam Bowie and the Bulls chose shooting guard Michael Jordan . The team , with new management in owner Jerry Reinsdorf and general manager Jerry Krause , decided to rebuild around Jordan . Jordan set franchise records during his rookie campaign for scoring ( third in the league ) and steals ( fourth ) , and led the Bulls back to the playoffs , where they lost in four games to the Milwaukee Bucks . For his efforts , he was rewarded with a selection to the All - NBA Second Team and the NBA Rookie of the Year Award . In the following off - season , the team acquired point guard John Paxson and on draft day traded with the Cavaliers for the rights to power forward Charles Oakley . Along with Jordan and center Dave Corzine , they provided much of the Bulls ' offense for the next two years . After suffering a broken foot early in the 1985 -- 86 season , Jordan finished second on the team to Woolridge in scoring . Jordan returned for the playoffs , and led the eighth - place Bulls against the 67 -- 15 Boston Celtics , led by Larry Bird . At the time , the Bulls had the fifth worst record of any team to qualify for the playoffs in NBA history . Though the Bulls were swept , Jordan recorded a playoff single - game record 63 points in Game 2 ( which still stands to this day ) , prompting Bird to call him ' God disguised as Michael Jordan . ' In the 1986 -- 87 NBA season , Jordan continued his assault on the record books , leading the league in scoring with 37.1 points per game and becoming the first Bull named to the All - NBA First Team . The Bulls finished 40 -- 42 , which was good enough to qualify them for the playoffs . However , they were again swept by the Celtics in the playoffs . In the 1987 draft , to address their lack of depth , Krause selected center Olden Polynice eighth overall and power forward Horace Grant 10th overall , then sent Polynice to Seattle in a draft - day trade for the fifth selection , small forward Scottie Pippen . With Paxson and Jordan in the backcourt , Brad Sellers and Oakley at the forward spots , Corzine anchoring center , and rookies Pippen and Grant coming off the bench , the Bulls won 50 games and advanced to the Eastern Conference semifinals , where they were beaten by the eventual Eastern Conference Champions Detroit Pistons in five games . For his efforts , Jordan was named NBA Most Valuable Player , an award he would win four more times over his career . The 1987 -- 88 season would also mark the start of the Pistons - Bulls rivalry which was formed from 1988 to 1991 . The 1988 -- 89 season marked a second straight year of major off - season moves . Power forward Charles Oakley , who had led the league in total rebounds in both 1987 and 1988 , was traded on the eve of the 1988 NBA draft to the New York Knicks along with a first round draft pick used by the Knicks to select Rod Strickland for center Bill Cartwright and a first round pick , which the Bulls used to obtain center Will Perdue . In addition , the Bulls acquired three - point shooter Craig Hodges from Phoenix . The new starting lineup of Paxson , Jordan , Pippen , Grant , and Cartwright took some time to mesh , winning fewer games than the previous season , but made it all the way to the Eastern Conference Finals , where they were defeated in six games by the NBA champion Pistons . In 1989 -- 90 , Jordan led the league in scoring for the fourth straight season , and was joined on the all - star squad for the first time by Pippen . There was also a major change during the off - season , where head coach Doug Collins was replaced by assistant coach Phil Jackson . The Bulls also picked up rookie center Stacey King and rookie point guard B.J. Armstrong in the 1989 draft . With these additional players and the previous year 's starting five , the Bulls again made it to the Conference Finals , and pushed the Pistons to seven games before being eliminated for the third straight year , the Pistons going on to repeat as NBA champions . 1991 -- 1993 : first championship three - peat ( edit ) In the 1990 -- 91 season , the Bulls recorded a then - franchise record 61 wins , and romped through the playoffs , where they swept the Knicks in the first round , defeated the Philadelphia 76ers in the semifinals , then eliminated defending champion Pistons in the Conference Finals and won the NBA Finals in five games over the Magic Johnson - led Los Angeles Lakers . The Bulls won their second straight title in 1992 after racking up another franchise record for wins with 67 . They defeated the Miami Heat in four games in the first round , the Knicks in seven hard - fought games in the second round , then the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games in the Eastern Conference to the Finals for the second year in a row where they defeated the Clyde Drexler - led Portland Trail Blazers in six games . In 1993 , the Bulls won their third consecutive championship by defeating the Atlanta Hawks , Cleveland Cavaliers and New York Knicks in the first three rounds and then defeating regular season MVP Charles Barkley and the Phoenix Suns , with John Paxson 's three - pointer with 3.9 seconds left giving them a 99 -- 98 victory in Game 6 in Phoenix , Arizona . 1993 -- 1995 : Jordan 's first retirement ( edit ) United Center This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) On October 6 , 1993 , Michael Jordan shocked the basketball community by announcing his retirement , three months after his father 's murder . The Bulls were then led by Scottie Pippen , who established himself as one of the top players in the league by winning the 1994 All - Star MVP . He received help from Horace Grant and B.J. Armstrong , who were named to their first all - star games . The three were assisted by Cartwright , Perdue , shooting guard Pete Myers , and Croatian rookie forward Toni Kukoč . Despite the Bulls winning 55 games during the 1993 -- 94 season , they were beaten in seven games by the Knicks in the second round of the playoffs , after a controversial foul call by referee Hue Hollins in game 5 of that series . The Knicks eventually reached the finals that year , but lost to the Houston Rockets . The Bulls opened the 1994 -- 95 season by leaving their home of 27 years , Chicago Stadium , and moving into their current home , the United Center . In 1994 , the Bulls lost Grant , Cartwright and Scott Williams to free agency , and John Paxson to retirement , but picked up shooting guard Ron Harper , the seeming heir apparent to Jordan in assistant coach Tex Winter 's triple - post offense , and small - forward Jud Buechler . The Bulls started Armstrong and Harper in the backcourt , Pippen and Kukoc at the forward spots , and Perdue at center . They also had sharpshooter Steve Kerr , whom they acquired via free agency before the 1993 -- 94 season , Myers , and centers Luc Longley ( acquired via trade in 1994 from the Minnesota Timberwolves ) and Bill Wennington . However , they were struggling during the season , on March 18 , 1995 , they received the news that Michael Jordan was coming out of retirement . He scored 55 points against the Knicks in only his fifth game back , and led the Bulls to the fifth seed in the playoffs , where they defeated the Charlotte Hornets . However , Jordan and the Bulls were unable to overcome the eventual Eastern Conference champion Orlando Magic , which included Horace Grant , Anfernee Hardaway , and Shaquille O'Neal . When Jordan returned to the Bulls , he initially wore No. 45 ( which was his number while playing for the Birmingham Barons , a minor - league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox ) . He chose the No. 45 because his older brother Larry wore that number in high school . Michael wanted to be half as good as his brother so he chose 23 which is half of 45 ( 22.5 ) rounded up . However , Jordan switched back to the familiar 23 before game 2 of the Orlando Magic series . In the off - season , the Bulls lost Armstrong in the expansion draft , and Krause traded Perdue to the San Antonio Spurs for rebounding specialist Dennis Rodman , who had won the past four rebounding titles , and who had also been a member of the Detroit Pistons ' `` Bad Boys '' squad that served as the Bulls ' chief nemesis in the late 1980s . 1995 -- 1998 : second championship three - peat ( edit ) Michael Jordan Scottie Pippen With a lineup of Harper , Jordan , Pippen , Rodman and Longley , and perhaps the league 's best bench in Steve Kerr , Kukoc , Wennington , Buechler , and guard Randy Brown , the Bulls posted one of the best single - season improvements in league history and the best single - season record at that time , moving from 47 -- 35 to 72 -- 10 , becoming the first NBA team to win 70 or more games . Jordan won his eighth scoring title , and Rodman his fifth straight rebounding title , while Kerr finished second in the league in three - point shooting percentage . Jordan garnered the elusive triple crown with the NBA MVP , NBA All - Star Game MVP , and NBA Finals MVP . Krause was named NBA Executive of the Year , Jackson Coach of the Year , and Kukoc the Sixth Man of the Year . Both Pippen and Jordan made the All - NBA First Team , and Jordan , Pippen , and Rodman made the All - Defensive First Team , making the Bulls the only team in NBA history with three players on the All - Defensive First Team . In addition , the 1995 -- 96 team holds several other records , including the best road record in a standard 41 - road - game season ( 33 -- 8 ) , the all - time best start by a team ( 41 -- 3 ) , and the best start at home ( 37 -- 0 ) . The Bulls also posted the second - best home record in history ( 39 -- 2 ) , behind only the 1985 -- 86 Celtics 40 -- 1 home mark . The team triumphed over the Miami Heat in the first round , the New York Knicks in the second round , the Orlando Magic in the Eastern Conference Finals and finally Gary Payton , Shawn Kemp and the Seattle SuperSonics for their fourth title . The 1995 -- 96 Chicago Bulls are widely regarded as one of the greatest teams in the history of basketball . Bulls head coach Phil Jackson consulting Michael Jordan in 1997 In the 1996 -- 97 season , the Bulls missed out on a second consecutive 70 - win season by losing their final two games to finish 69 -- 13 . They repeated their home dominance , going 39 -- 2 at the United Center . The Bulls capped the season by defeating the Bullets , Hawks and Heat in the first three rounds of the playoffs en route to winning their fifth NBA championship over John Stockton , Karl Malone and the Utah Jazz . Jordan earned his second straight and ninth career scoring title , while Rodman earned his sixth straight rebounding title . Jordan and Pippen , along with Robert Parish , who was a member of the Bulls at the time , were also honored as members of the 50 greatest players of all - time with the NBA celebrating its 50th season . Parish , whose single season with the Bulls would be his last year in the league , was nominated for his stellar career with the Boston Celtics . The 1997 -- 98 season was one of turmoil for the NBA champion Bulls . Many speculated this would be Michael Jordan 's final season with the team . Phil Jackson 's future with the team was also questionable , as his relationship with team general manager Jerry Krause was one of growing tension . Scottie Pippen was looking for a significant contract extension that he thought he deserved , but was not getting from the organization . In spite of the turmoil that surrounded the Bulls , they still had a remarkable season , with a final regular - season record of 62 -- 20 . Michael Jordan would be named the league MVP for the fifth and final time , and the Bulls went into the playoffs as the number one seed in the Eastern Conference . The first round of the playoffs for the Bulls was against the New Jersey Nets , a team led by Keith Van Horn , Kendall Gill and Sam Cassell . The Bulls swept the Nets three to nothing in a best of five series . The conference semi-finals were more challenging with the Charlotte Hornets stealing game two from the Bulls at the United Center , and tying the series 1 -- 1 . But the Bulls easily defeated the Hornets in the next three games of the series . The Conference Finals was a challenge for the Bulls as they went up against the Reggie Miller - led Indiana Pacers . Experts were of the opinion that the Pacers had the best chance to defeat the Bulls . The Pacers gave the Bulls no road wins , winning games 3 , 4 , and 6 , sending the series to a deciding game seven at the United Center . The Bulls prevailed and beat the Pacers 88 -- 83 , winning their 6th Eastern Conference Championship . In a much anticipated Finals , The Bulls faced the team they beat the previous year , the Utah Jazz . Led by Karl Malone and John Stockton , the Jazz felt confident that they could defeat the Bulls , winning game one at Utah 's Delta Center . Facing a potential two to nothing deficit , the Bulls won Game 2 at the Delta Center and tied the series . The Bulls returned to the United Center and , by winning the next two games , took a 3 -- 1 series lead . The Jazz won Game 5 by two points , 83 -- 81 . Game 6 was a tough battle for both teams , as the Jazz had a lead late in the game . Down by three points to the Jazz , Michael Jordan led the Bulls to one final win . Jordan hit a shot to bring the Bulls within 1 , then stole the ball from Karl Malone and hit the game winning shot with 5.2 seconds remaining on the clock . With a score of 87 -- 86 , John Stockton put up a three - pointer , but missed , giving the Bulls their sixth championship in eight years . Jordan would be named the Finals MVP for the sixth time in his career . He retired for the second time on January 13 , 1999 . 1998 -- 2004 : rebuilding ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The summer of 1998 brought an abrupt end to the championship era . Krause felt that the Bulls were on the verge of being too old and unable to compete . He decided that the team 's only choices were to rebuild or endure a slow decline . His plan was to trade away the aging talent and acquire high draft picks while clearing salary cap space to make a run at several promising free agents in two years ' time . After having been vetoed in a previous attempt by owner Jerry Reinsdorf , Krause traded Scottie Pippen for Roy Rogers ( who was released in February 1999 ) and a conditional second - round draft pick from the Houston Rockets . He also decided not to re-sign Dennis Rodman , and traded Luc Longley and Steve Kerr for other draft picks . He hired a new coach , Tim Floyd , who had run a successful program at Iowa State University . Upon Phil Jackson 's departure , Michael Jordan made his second retirement official . With a new starting lineup of point guard Randy Brown , shooting guard Ron Harper , newcomer Brent Barry at small forward , power forward Toni Kukoč , and center Bill Wennington , the team began the lockout - shortened 1998 -- 99 season . Kukoc led the team in scoring , rebounding , and assists , but the team won only 13 of 50 games . The lowest point of the season came on April 10 in a game against the Miami Heat . In that game , the Bulls scored 49 points to set an NBA record for the fewest points in a game in the shot clock era . The previous year 's dismal finish came with one highlight : the team won the draft lottery and the rights to power forward Elton Brand . Since the team lost Harper , Wennington and Barry in the offseason , Brand and fellow rookie Ron Artest led the team throughout the year , especially after Kukoc missed most of the season due to injury and was then dealt for a draft pick at the trading deadline . Brand recorded the first 20 -- 10 average for the Bulls since the days of Artis Gilmore . He led all rookies in scoring , rebounds , blocks , field goal percentage and minutes , while Artest led all rookies in steals and finished second on the team in scoring . For his efforts Brand was named 1999 -- 2000 co-Rookie of the Year with Houston 's Steve Francis , and to the all - rookie first team , while Artest was named to the all - rookie second team . However , the team established a franchise low at 17 -- 65 , second worst in the league . After a summer in which the Bulls witnessed most major and minor free agents Tim Duncan , Grant Hill , Tracy McGrady , Eddie Jones and even Tim Thomas choose to stay with their teams ( or go elsewhere ) rather than sign with them , Krause signed free agent center Brad Miller and shooting guard Ron Mercer , and drafted power forward Marcus Fizer and traded draft pick Chris Mihm to Cleveland for the rights of guard Jamal Crawford . Brand again led the team in scoring and rebounds with another 20 -- 10 season , but the new acquisitions failed to make a major impact , and they finished with the worst record in team history and the league 's worst for the season at 15 -- 67 . Krause shocked Bulls fans on draft day in 2001 when he traded franchise player Brand to the Los Angeles Clippers for the second pick in the draft , Tyson Chandler . He also selected Eddy Curry with the fourth pick . Since both Chandler and Curry came straight out of high school , neither was expected to make much of a contribution for several years , but they were seen as potential franchise players . The team floundered without veteran leadership . At mid-season , the Bulls traded their top three scorers -- Mercer , Artest , and Miller along with Kevin Ollie -- to the Indiana Pacers for veteran guard Jalen Rose , Travis Best and Norman Richardson . There was also a change in coaching , with Floyd being dismissed in favor of assistant coach and former Bulls co-captain Bill Cartwright , following a series of arguments with players and management . The Bulls improved from 15 to 21 wins , although they were still tied for last in the league . For the 2002 -- 03 season , the Bulls came to play with much optimism . They picked up college phenom Jay Williams with the second pick in the draft . Williams teamed with Jalen Rose , Crawford , Fizer , newcomer Donyell Marshall , Curry , Chandler , and guard Trenton Hassell to form a young and exciting nucleus which improved to 30 -- 52 in Bill Cartwright 's first full season as head coach . Curry led the league in field goal percentage , becoming the first Bull since Jordan to lead the league in a major statistical category . During the summer of 2003 , long - time GM Jerry Krause retired , and former player and color commentator John Paxson was tapped as his successor . Jay Williams , coming off a promising rookie campaign , was seriously injured in a motorcycle accident . His contract was bought out by the Bulls in February 2004 and he has yet to return to the game . Paxson selected point guard Kirk Hinrich with the seventh pick in the draft , and signed veteran free agent and former franchise player Scottie Pippen . With Pippen playing , Cartwright at the sidelines , and Paxson in the front office , the Bulls hoped that some of the championship magic from before would return . However , the 2003 -- 04 season was a resounding disappointment . Eddy Curry regressed , leading to questions about his conditioning and commitment . Tyson Chandler was plagued by a chronic back injury , missing more than thirty games . Pippen 's ability to influence games was impaired by knee problems , and he openly contemplated retirement . Jamal Crawford remained inconsistent . Bill Cartwright was fired as head coach in December and replaced with former Phoenix coach Scott Skiles . A trade with the Toronto Raptors brought Antonio Davis and Jerome Williams in exchange for Rose and Marshall in what was seen as a major shift in team strategy from winning with athleticism to winning with hard work and defense . After struggling throughout the season , the Bulls finished with 23 wins and 59 losses , the second - worst record in the league . Fizer was not re-signed , and Crawford was re-signed and traded to the Knicks for expiring contracts . Hinrich provided the lone bright spot , becoming a fan favorite for his gritty determination and tenacious defense . He won a place on the All - Rookie first team . 2004 -- 2007 : resurgence ( edit ) Luol Deng made his first All - Star appearance with the team in 2012 and his second in 2013 . During the 2004 off - season , Paxson traded a 2005 draft pick to the Phoenix Suns in return for an additional pick in the 2004 NBA draft . He used the picks to select Connecticut guard Ben Gordon and Duke small forward Luol Deng in the first round , and Duke point guard Chris Duhon in the second . Paxson also signed free agent small forward Andrés Nocioni , who had recently won an Olympic gold medal as a member of the Argentine national team . After losing the first nine games of the season , the Bulls began to show signs of improvement behind their improved team defense and clutch fourth - quarter play from Gordon . The Bulls , who were 0 -- 9 to start the season , finished the regular season 47 -- 35 , with the third - best record in the Eastern Conference and advanced to the NBA playoffs for the first time since Jordan 's departure . In the first round , the 4th - seeded Bulls played the Washington Wizards . Despite an injury to Deng and a heart issue with Curry , the Bulls opened the series with two wins at home , but lost the next four games and the series . After the season , Ben Gordon became the first rookie to win the NBA Sixth Man Award and the first Bull to win the award since 1996 with Toni Kukoč . During the 2005 off - season , the Bulls re-signed free agent Tyson Chandler . However , Curry showed possible symptoms of a heart disease resulting of a heart murmur during checkups , and Paxson would not clear him to play without extensive DNA testing . Ultimately , Curry refused to participate in the tests , and he was traded along with Antonio Davis to the New York Knicks for Michael Sweetney , Tim Thomas , and what became the second pick of the 2006 NBA draft -- as well as the right to swap picks with New York in the 2007 NBA draft . Without a significant post presence , the Bulls struggled for most of the 2005 -- 06 season . However , a late - season 12 -- 2 surge allowed them to finish 41 -- 41 and qualify for the 2006 playoffs as the seventh seed . There , the Bulls faced the Miami Heat . After two close losses in Miami , the Bulls broke through with a blowout win in Game 3 , and another win in Game 4 . However , the Heat took the next two games to win the series and went on to win that year 's championship . The Bulls ' several young players nevertheless earned additional postseason experience , and Nocioni turned in a remarkable series of performances that far exceeded his season averages . In the 2006 NBA Draft , the Bulls were awarded forward - center LaMarcus Aldridge and immediately traded him to the Portland Trail Blazers for forward Tyrus Thomas and forward Viktor Khryapa . In a second draft - day trade , the Bulls selected Rodney Carney and traded him to the Philadelphia 76ers for guard Thabo Sefolosha . Later that summer , four - time Defensive Player of the Year Ben Wallace signed with the Bulls for a reported four - year , $60 million contract . Following the signing of Wallace , the Bulls traded Tyson Chandler , the last remaining player of the Krause era , to the ( then ) New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets for veteran power forward P.J. Brown and J.R. Smith and salary cap space that was used to sign former Chicago co-captain Adrian Griffin . In 2006 -- 07 , the Bulls overcame a 3 -- 9 season start to finish 49 -- 33 , the third - best record in the Eastern Conference . In the first round , the Bulls again faced Miami , the defending NBA champions . The Bulls narrowly won Game 1 at home , then followed it with a blowout victory in Game 2 . In Miami , the Bulls rallied from a 12 - point second - half deficit to win Game 3 and then posted another comeback win in Game 4 . The Bulls ' four - game sweep of the defending champions stunned many NBA observers . It was Chicago 's first playoff series victory since 1998 , Jordan 's last season with the team . The Bulls then advanced to face the Detroit Pistons , marking the first time the Central Division rivals had met in the playoffs since 1991 . The Pistons won the first three games including a big comeback in Game 3 . No NBA team had ever come back from a 0 -- 3 deficit to win the series , but the Bulls avoided a sweep by winning Game 4 by 10 points . The Bulls then easily won Game 5 in Detroit , and had a chance to make NBA history . But they lost at home in game 6 by 10 , and the Pistons won the series 4 -- 2 on May 17 . 2007 -- 2008 : missing the playoffs ( edit ) Joakim Noah was drafted by the Bulls in 2007 . He was named an All Star for the first time in 2013 and for the second time in 2014 . This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) During the off season , the Bulls signed forward Joe Smith and guard Adrian Griffin , and drafted center Joakim Noah . However , distractions began when Luol Deng and Ben Gordon turned down contract extensions , never citing reasons . Then rumors surfaced that the Bulls were pursuing stars like Kevin Garnett , Pau Gasol , and most notably , Kobe Bryant . None of these deals happened , and general manager John Paxson denied a deal was ever imminent . The Bulls started the 2007 -- 08 NBA season by losing 10 of their first 12 games and on December 24 , 2007 , after a 9 -- 16 start , the Bulls fired head coach Scott Skiles . Jim Boylan was named the interim head coach on December 27 , 2007 . On February 21 , 2008 , Ben Wallace , Joe Smith , Adrian Griffin and the Bulls ' 2009 2nd round draft pick were exchanged for Drew Gooden , Cedric Simmons , Larry Hughes and Shannon Brown in a three - team trade deal involving the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Seattle SuperSonics . Boylan was not retained on April 17 at the conclusion of the 2007 -- 08 season after compiling a 24 -- 32 record with the Bulls . The Bulls ended the 2007 -- 08 campaign with a 33 -- 49 record , a complete reversal of last year 's record . After Jim Boylan 's interim tenure expired , the Bulls began the process of selecting a new head coach . They were in talks with former Phoenix head coach Mike D'Antoni , but on May 10 , 2008 , he signed with the New York Knicks . Other possible options included former Dallas head coach Avery Johnson and former Bulls head coach Doug Collins . Collins resigned from the coaching list on June 4 , 2008 , reporting that he did not want to ruin his friendship with Jerry Reinsdorf . On June 10 , 2008 , the Chicago Bulls G.M. John Paxson hired Vinny Del Negro , with no coaching experience , to coach the young Bulls . On July 3 , 2008 , the Chicago Tribune reported that Del Harris agreed to become an assistant coach for the Chicago Bulls along with former Charlotte Bobcats head coach Bernie Bickerstaff and longtime NBA assistant Bob Ociepka . Along with Bickerstaff and Ociepka , Harris helped establish a veteran presence on the coaching staff and helped rookie head coach Del Negro . 2008 -- 2016 : Derrick Rose era ( edit ) 2008 -- 2010 : Derrick Rose appearance ( edit ) With a slim 1.7 % chance of winning the rights to draft number 1 , the Bulls won the 2008 NBA Draft Lottery and selected first overall . With this , the Bulls became the team with the lowest chance of winning to ever win the lottery since it was modified for the 1994 NBA draft , and second lowest ever . On June 26 , 2008 , the Bulls drafted Chicago native Derrick Rose from the University of Memphis as the number 1 draft pick . At pick number 39 they selected Sonny Weems . The Bulls later traded Weems to the Denver Nuggets for Denver 's 2009 regular second - round draft pick . The Bulls then acquired Ömer Aşık from the Portland Trail Blazers ( selected with the 36th pick ) for Denver 's 2009 regular second - round draft pick , New York 's 2009 regular second - round draft pick , and the Bulls ' 2010 regular second - round draft pick . The Bulls re-signed Luol Deng to a six - year $71 million contract on July 30 , 2008 . He was later plagued with an injury keeping him from action for most of the 2008 -- 2009 season . Ben Gordon signed a one - year contract on October 2 , 2008 . Derrick Rose was drafted first overall by the Bulls in 2008 . He was the 2010 -- 2011 regular season MVP . On February 18 , 2009 , the Bulls made their first of several trades , sending Andrés Nocioni , Drew Gooden , Cedric Simmons , and Michael Ruffin to the Sacramento Kings for Brad Miller and John Salmons . Then on February 19 , 2009 , the NBA trade deadline , the Bulls traded Larry Hughes to the New York Knicks for Tim Thomas , Jerome James , and Anthony Roberson . Later that day the Bulls made the third trade in a span of less than 24 hours by sending swingman Thabo Sefolosha to the Oklahoma City Thunder for a 2009 first - round pick . The trades brought a late - season push for the Bulls , which finally clinched a playoff berth on April 10 , 2009 , their fourth in the last five years . They finished the season with a 41 -- 41 record . Their record was good enough to secure a No. 7 seed in the 2009 NBA Playoffs , playing a tough series against the Boston Celtics . In Game 1 , Derrick Rose scored 36 points , along with 11 assists , tying Kareem Abdul - Jabbar 's record for most points scored by a rookie in a playoff debut . After breaking the record for most overtimes played in an NBA Playoffs Series , the Boston Celtics managed to overcome the Bulls after 7 games and 7 overtimes played . The Bulls had two first round picks in the 2009 NBA draft and decided to take Wake Forest stand out forward James Johnson and athletic USC forward Taj Gibson . In the 2009 NBA off - season the Bulls lost their leading scorer , Ben Gordon , when he signed with their divisional rival , the Detroit Pistons . On February 18 , 2010 , John Salmons was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks for Joe Alexander and Hakim Warrick . Meanwhile , Tyrus Thomas was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats for Acie Law , Flip Murray and a future protected first round pick . On April 14 , 2010 , the Bulls clinched the playoffs with the number 8 seed . Unlike the previous year , however , the Bulls ' playoff run was shorter and less dramatic as they were eliminated by the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games . On May 4 , 2010 , the Bulls officially fired head coach Vinny Del Negro . 2010 -- 2011 : arrival of Tom Thibodeau ( edit ) Tom Thibodeau coached the Bulls to 62 wins in his first season . In early June 2010 , Boston Celtics assistant Tom Thibodeau accepted a three - year contract to fill the Bulls ' head coaching vacancy . He was officially introduced on June 23 . On July 7 , it was revealed that Carlos Boozer of the Utah Jazz had verbally agreed to an $80 million , five - year contract . Afterwards , the Bulls traded veteran point guard Kirk Hinrich to the Washington Wizards to create more cap space . The Bulls also signed former 76er and Jazz sharpshooter Kyle Korver to a three - year , $15 million contract . The same day that the Bulls signed Kyle Korver , they signed Turkish All - Star Ömer Aşık . After being matched by the Orlando Magic for J.J. Redick , they signed their third free agent from the Jazz in the off - season in shooting guard Ronnie Brewer , traded for former Warrior point guard C.J. Watson , and signed former Bucks power forward Kurt Thomas as well as former Spurs player Keith Bogans and former Celtic Brian Scalabrine . Rose earned the 2011 NBA MVP Award , thereby becoming the youngest player in NBA history to win it . He became the first Bulls player since Michael Jordan to win the award . As a team , Chicago finished the regular season with a league - best 62 -- 20 record and clinched the first seed in the Eastern Conference for the first time since 1998 . The Bulls defeated the Indiana Pacers and the Atlanta Hawks in five and six games , respectively , thereby reaching the Eastern Conference finals for the first time since 1998 , and faced the Miami Heat . After winning the first game of the series , they lost the next four games , ending their season . 2011 -- 2014 : injury - plagued seasons for Derrick Rose ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) During the off - season , the Bulls drafted Jimmy Butler 30th overall in the 2011 NBA draft . After the NBA lockout ended , the Bulls lost Kurt Thomas to free agency , and released Keith Bogans . The Bulls signed veteran shooting guard Richard `` Rip '' Hamilton to a three - year deal , after he was waived by the Detroit Pistons . The Bulls also gave MVP Derrick Rose a 5 - year contract extension worth $94.8 million . Derrick Rose was voted as an NBA All - Star starter for the second consecutive year , and was the third leading voted player overall behind Dwight Howard and Kobe Bryant . Luol Deng was also selected as a reserve for the Eastern Conference . This was the first time that the Bulls had two all stars since 1997 , when Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen were the duo . Derrick Rose was injured for most of the 2011 -- 12 NBA season ; however , the team was still able to finish with a 50 -- 16 record and clinched the first seed in the Eastern Conference for the second straight year and the best overall record in the NBA ( tied with the San Antonio Spurs ) . Rose suffered a new injury when he tore his ACL during the 4th quarter of the first playoff game on April 28 , 2012 , against the Philadelphia 76ers and missed the rest of the series . Head coach Tom Thibodeau was criticized for keeping Rose in the game even though the Bulls were essentially minutes away from their victory over the 76ers . The Bulls lost the next three games , and also lost Noah to a foot injury after he severely rolled his ankle stepping on Andre Iguodala 's foot in Game 3 ; he briefly returned for part of the fourth quarter of that game , but missed the following games in the series . After winning Game 5 at home , Bulls were eliminated by the 76ers in Game 6 in Philadelphia , becoming the fifth team in NBA history to be eliminated as a first seed by an eighth seed . In Game 6 , Andre Iguodala sank two free throws with 2.2 seconds left to put the 76ers up 79 -- 78 after getting fouled by Ömer Aşık , who had missed two free throws five seconds earlier . At the end of the season , Boozer and Aşık were the only members on the Bulls ' roster to have played in every game , with Korver and Brewer missing one game apiece . In the offseason , the Bulls gave up Lucas to the Toronto Raptors , Brewer to the New York Knicks , Korver to the Atlanta Hawks , Watson to the Brooklyn Nets and Aşık to the Houston Rockets , but brought back Kirk Hinrich . In addition , they added Marco Belinelli , Vladimir Radmanovic , Nazr Mohammed and Nate Robinson to the roster via free agency . Rose missed the entire 2012 -- 13 season , but despite his absence , the Bulls finished 45 -- 37 , second in the Central Division ( behind the Indiana Pacers ) and 5th in their conference . They defeated the Brooklyn Nets 4 -- 3 ( after leading 3 -- 1 ) in the first round of the playoffs and lost to the Miami Heat 4 -- 1 in the next round . During the season , the Bulls snapped both Miami 's 27 - game winning streak and the New York Knicks ' 13 - game winning streak , becoming the second team in NBA history to snap two winning streaks of 13 games or more in a season . Just 10 games into the 2013 -- 14 season , Derrick Rose would tear his medial meniscus on a non-contact play . He declared he would miss the remainder of the season . On January 7 , 2014 , veteran forward Luol Deng was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers for center Andrew Bynum and a set of picks . Bynum was immediately waived after the trade went through . The Bulls would finish second in the Central Division with 48 wins , and earned home - court advantage in the first round . However , due to lack of a strong offensive weapon , they failed to win a single home game en route to losing to the Washington Wizards in five games . In the 2014 NBA draft , the Bulls traded their # 16 and # 19 picks for Doug McDermott , the former Creighton star and 5th leading scorer in NCAA history , who was selected with the 11th pick , and in the second round , took Cameron Bairstow with the 49th pick . That offseason , they signed Pau Gasol , re-signed Kirk Hinrich and brought over Eurostar Nikola Mirotić , who was acquired via a draft day trade in 2011 , but could not come over sooner , due to salary cap constraints . 2014 -- 2015 : Derrick Rose return to health ( edit ) The second return of Derrick Rose gave the Bulls and their fans optimism for the 2014 -- 15 season . With 2 - time NBA Champion Pau Gasol and a deep bench consisting of Taj Gibson , Nikola Mirotić , Tony Snell , Aaron Brooks , Doug McDermott , Kirk Hinrich , among others , the Bulls were one of the two favorite teams to come out of the Eastern Conference along with the Cleveland Cavaliers . The Bulls started off the season in style with a blowout win of the New York Knicks , and then winning 7 of their first 9 games ( losses coming to the Cleveland Cavaliers and Boston Celtics ) . The emergence of Jimmy Butler as a primary scorer for the Bulls was a major surprise and he surged into the forefront of the `` Most Improved Player of the Year '' award race . Butler 's statistical jump was noted by many as one of the greatest in NBA History , going from scoring just 13 points per game in 2013 -- 14 to scoring 20 points per game in 2014 -- 15 . Pau Gasol was considered a huge asset for the Bulls and averaged a double - double throughout the season . Both Butler and Gasol ended up making the Eastern Conference All - Star team . The Bulls ' second half of the season was marred by inconsistency and frustration set in with Derrick Rose blasting the team for not being on the same page . Tension between management and Tom Thibodeau continued to be a dark cloud hanging over the organization . The Bulls finished with a 50 -- 32 record and the 3rd seed in the Eastern Conference . They faced the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round , and took advantage of the young and inexperienced Bucks by going up a quick 3 -- 0 in the series . However , inconsistency and not being on the same page yet again plagued the Bulls as the Bucks won the next two games , sending a scare to Chicago . The Bulls bounced back with fury in Game 6 however , beating the Bucks by a playoff record 54 points winning the series 4 -- 2 . The next round saw the Bulls facing their arch - rival Cleveland Cavaliers , and their biggest nemesis , LeBron James , who had beaten the Bulls in all three of their previous playoff meetings . The Bulls shocked the Cavs in Game 1 dominating them and never trailing . The Cavs answered back in Game 2 in the same fashion , never trailing the entire game . In a pivotal Game 3 in Chicago , the Bulls and Cavs battled closely all the way through , but the Bulls prevailed on a last - second buzzer beating 3 - pointer by Derrick Rose . In Game 4 , the Cavs would answer once again , with LeBron James hitting the buzzer - beating shot to win the game . The Bulls lack of consistency and poor offensive showing doomed them once again as the Cavs won the next 2 games handily and closed out the series 4 -- 2 . After the series , speculation erupted about Tom Thibodeau 's job security due to escalating feud between Thibodeau and Bulls front office managers Gar Forman and John Paxson . 2015 -- 2016 : change in approach ( edit ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Fred Hoiberg is the 19th head coach in the franchise 's history . On May 28 , 2015 , the Bulls fired Tom Thibodeau to seek a `` change in approach '' . The Bulls named Fred Hoiberg as their head coach on June 2 , 2015 . The Bulls had only 1 draft pick in the 2015 NBA draft , and selected center Bobby Portis from the University of Arkansas . Bulls forward Mike Dunleavy Jr. was ruled out for at least the first four months of the season after completing back surgery . With Dunleavy out indefinitely , the Bulls promoted Doug McDermott to the starting lineup in his place at small forward . Before the season started , coach Fred Hoiberg made an incredibly controversial move by putting Nikola Mirotić as his starting power forward to pair with center Pau Gasol , meaning Joakim Noah , a long - time Bulls veteran and a fan - favorite was to come off the bench . Hoiberg told the media that the move was suggested by Noah himself but Noah denied having made any suggestions to Hoiberg , which sparked a distrust between the two before the season even began . The Bulls started the 2015 -- 16 season off well with an impressive season - opening 97 -- 95 victory against archrivals and defending Eastern Conference Champion Cleveland Cavaliers and jumped to an 8 -- 3 record in the first month . The Bulls went 10 -- 9 and through late November and December . The Bulls came back and won six straight games . However soon afterwards , they lost 12 of their next 17 games and Butler missed four weeks after injuring his knee . The Bulls were eliminated from playoff contention after a loss to the Miami Heat on April 7 , 2016 although finishing with season with a winning record of 42 -- 40 . It was the first time in 8 years that the Bulls had missed the playoffs . 2016 -- 2017 : Derrick Rose departs ( edit ) On June 22 , 2016 , Derrick Rose and Justin Holiday , along with a 2017 second - round draft pick , were traded to the New York Knicks for center Robin Lopez , and point guards Jerian Grant and José Calderón , who was soon traded to the Los Angeles Lakers . On July 7 , the Bulls announced the signing of Rose 's replacement , guard Rajon Rondo . On July 15 , the Bulls signed Chicago native Dwyane Wade . On October 17 , 2016 , the Bulls acquired 2014 Rookie of the Year Michael Carter - Williams in exchange for Tony Snell . The Bulls clinched the eighth seed in 2017 NBA Playoffs after winning seven of their final ten games and finishing the season with a 41 -- 41 record . The team struck an early 2 -- 0 lead against the top - seeded Boston Celtics in the first round of the playoffs , but ultimately lost the series after losing the next four games . 2017 -- present : rebuilding ( edit ) On June 22 , 2017 , Jimmy Butler , along with Chicago 's 2017 first - round pick , was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves for Zach LaVine , Kris Dunn , and Minnesota 's 2017 first - round pick , which the Bulls used to select Lauri Markkanen . Additionally , on June 27 , the Bulls did not give a qualifying offer to Michael Carter - Williams , allowing him to enter unrestricted free agency . On June 30 , Rajon Rondo and Isaiah Canaan were waived by the Bulls . On September 24 , 2017 , Dwyane Wade and the Bulls reportedly agreed to a buyout of the remaining year on his contract . Adrian Wojnarowski reported that Wade gave back $8 million of his $23.2 million contract as part of the agreement . On October 17 , 2017 , a fight broke out in practice between Bobby Portis and Nikola Mirotić , who suffered a concussion and two broken bones in his face . Portis was suspended eight games for his role in the altercation , and Mirotić missed 23 games to start the regular season . On February 1 , 2018 , the Bulls traded Mirotić and a second - round draft pick to the New Orleans Pelicans for a first - round draft pick and Ömer Aşık , Tony Allen , and Jameer Nelson . Rivalries ( edit ) Cleveland Cavaliers ( edit ) Further information : Bulls -- Cavaliers rivalry Detroit Pistons ( edit ) Further information : Bulls -- Pistons rivalry The Bulls ' main division rivals have been the Detroit Pistons ever since the Jordan - led Bulls met the `` Bad Boy '' Pistons in the 1988 Eastern Conference semifinals . The two teams met in the playoffs four consecutive years , with the Pistons winning each time until 1991 . The Eastern Conference Finals in 1991 ended with a four - game sweep of the Pistons , who walked off the floor with time still on the game clock . The rivalry was renewed in the 2007 Eastern Conference Semifinals , in which former Detroit cornerstone Ben Wallace met his former team ( the Pistons won in 6 games ) . The geographic proximity and membership in the Central Division further intensify the rivalry , which has been characterized by intense , physical play ever since the teams met in the late 1980s . Chicago fans have been known to have a disliking for Detroit professional teams , as it was in the same division as Chicago in all four major North American sports until recently when the Red Wings moved to the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference for the 2013 -- 14 season . Miami Heat ( edit ) Further information : Bulls -- Heat rivalry The Bulls and the Miami Heat rivalry began once the Heat became contenders during the 1990s , a decade dominated by the Bulls . They were eliminated 3 times by Chicago , who went on to win the title each time . The rivalry has come back due to the return of the Bulls to the playoffs in the post-Michael Jordan era and the emergence of Dwyane Wade and Derrick Rose . The revived rivalry has been very physical , involving rough plays and hard fouls between players , most notably the actions of former Heat player James Posey . The Bulls and Heat met in the 2011 Eastern Conference Finals , with the Heat winning in 5 games . On March 27 , 2013 , Chicago snapped Miami 's 27 - game winning streak . The Bulls and Heat met later that year in the 2013 Eastern Conference Semifinals . Miami won the series 4 -- 1 . Since LeBron James 's departure from Miami , the Bulls - Heat rivalry has experienced a tough in comparison to the better part of the century as the Bulls chop the Heat 's playoff hopes in the 2017 regular season . New York Knicks ( edit ) Further information : Bulls -- Knicks rivalry Another franchise that the Bulls have competed fiercely with is the New York Knicks . The two teams met in the playoffs in four consecutive years ( 1991 -- 94 ) and again in 1996 , with the teams ' series twice ( 1992 and 1994 ) going the full seven games . Their first playoff confrontation , however , came in 1989 when both teams were called `` teams on the rise '' under Michael Jordan and Patrick Ewing , respectively ( rivalry that started their freshman year in the 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship Game with Jordan hitting the deciding jumper of the final ) . That first confrontation would belong to Chicago with six games of the Eastern Semifinals . The Bulls won in the first three years ( 1991 -- 93 ) before losing in 1994 but got revenge in 1996 . As with Detroit , the historic rivalry between the cities has led to animosity between the teams and occasionally their fans . Traditions ( edit ) Starting lineup introductions ( edit ) During the Bulls ' run of dominance , the player introductions became world - famous . Longtime announcer Tommy Edwards was the first to use `` Sirius '' , `` On The Run '' and other songs in game presentation in the NBA . When Edwards moved to Boston for employment with CBS Radio , he was replaced by Ray Clay in 1990 , and Clay continued many of the traditional aspects of the Bulls introductions , including the music , The Alan Parsons Project 's `` Sirius '' , for all six championship runs . The lights are first dimmed during the visiting team introduction , accompanied by `` The Imperial March '' from Star Wars composed by John Williams or `` On the Run '' by Pink Floyd , or `` Tick of the Clock '' by Chromatics . Virtually all lights in the stadium are then shut off for the Bulls introduction , and a spotlight illuminates each player as he is introduced and runs onto the court ; the spotlight is also focused on the Bulls logo prior to the introductions . Since the move to the United Center , lasers and fireworks have been added , and with improvements to the arena 's White Way video screen , computer graphics on the stadium monitors have been added . These graphics feature the 3D - animated ' Running of the Bulls ' en route to the United Center , along the way smashing a bus featuring the opposing team 's logo . Coincidentally , Alan Parsons wrote `` Sirius '' for his own band and was the sound engineer for `` On the Run '' from Pink Floyd 's album The Dark Side of the Moon . Traditionally , the players have been introduced in the following order : small forward , power forward , center , point guard , shooting guard . During the championship era , Scottie Pippen was usually the first ( or second after Horace Grant ) Bulls player introduced , and Michael Jordan the last . ( Pippen and Jordan are the only players to play on all six Bulls championship teams . ) More recently with Derrick Rose 's arrival , the guards have been reversed in order , making the Chicago - bred point guard the last player introduced . Although internal disputes eventually led to the dismissal of Clay , the Bulls in 2006 announced the return of Tommy Edwards as the announcer . As part of Edwards ' return , the introductions changed as a new introduction was developed by Lily and Lana Wachowski , Ethan Stoller and Jamie Poindexter , all from Chicago . The introduction also included a newly composed remix of the traditional Sirius theme . Black shoes and socks ( edit ) The Bulls have an unofficial tradition of wearing black shoes ( regardless of being home or away ) during the playoffs , which dates all the way back to 1989 when they debuted the tradition . Then - Bulls backup center Brad Sellers suggested to wear black shoes as a way to show unity within the team . For the 1996 playoffs , they became the first team to wear black socks with the black shoes , similar to the University of Michigan and the Fab Five which started the trend in college earlier in the decade . Since , many teams have this look in both the regular season and playoffs . It was noted when the Bulls made their first playoff appearance during the 2004 -- 05 season after a six - year hiatus , they continued the tradition and wore black shoes . Even though the Bulls generally wear black footwear in the playoffs since 1989 , there have been some notable exceptions . In the 1995 playoffs against the Magic , when Michael Jordan debuted his Air Jordan XI shoe , he wore the white colorway during the Bulls ' playoff games in Orlando . He was fined by the Bulls for not complying with their colorway policy . During the 2009 playoffs , the Bulls again broke the tradition when all of their players wore white shoes and socks in Game 3 of the first round against the Boston Celtics . More recently , since the NBA 's relaxation of sneaker color rules , some Bulls players wore either red or white sneakers in defiance of the tradition . The circus trip ( edit ) The Bulls and their arena mates , the Chicago Blackhawks , shared an odd tradition dating to the opening of Chicago Stadium . Every fall , Feld Entertainment 's Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus came to Chicago on its nationwide tour . Since it used large indoor venues rather than tents , it took over the United Center for its entire run and the Bulls were forced , along with the Blackhawks , to take an extended road trip that lasted around two weeks . The start of the `` circus trip '' , as many sportscasters dubbed it , was noted in local newspapers , television and radio sports reports as `` the circus trip '' , along with national programs like SportsCenter . Blackhawks chairman Rocky Wirtz , who co-owns the United Center with Bulls chairman Jerry Reinsdorf , let the contract lapse after the circus ' 2016 run , and condensed the formerly two - week local run of Feld 's Disney on Ice to a week - long period effective February 2018 . Name , logo and uniforms ( edit ) Name ( edit ) Dick Klein wanted a name that evoked Chicago 's traditional meat packing industry and the Chicago Stadium 's proximity to the Union Stock Yards . Klein considered names like Matadors or Toreadors , but dismissed them , saying , `` If you think about it , no team with as many as three syllables in its nickname has ever had much success except for the ( Montreal Canadiens ) . '' After discussing possible names with his family , Klein settled on Bulls when his son Mark said , `` Dad , that 's a bunch of bull ! '' Chicago Bulls wordmark ( 1966 -- present ) Logo ( edit ) The iconic Bulls ' logo is a charging red bull 's face ( seen at left ) . The logo was designed by noted American graphic designer Dean P. Wessel and was adopted in 1966 . At one point , the Bulls also had an alternate logo during the early 1970s , featuring the same Bulls logo , but with a cloud that says `` Windy City '' below the bull 's nose . Uniforms ( edit ) 1966 -- 73 uniforms ( edit ) The Bulls currently wear three different uniforms : a white uniform , a red uniform , and a black alternate uniform . The original uniforms were aesthetically close to what the Bulls wear today , featuring the iconic diamond surrounding the Bulls logo on the shorts and block lettering . What distinguished the original uniforms were the black drop shadows , red or white side stripes with black borders , and white lettering on the red uniforms . For the 1969 -- 70 season , the red uniforms were tweaked to include the city name . 1973 -- 85 uniforms ( edit ) For the 1973 -- 74 season , the Bulls drastically changed their look , removing the side stripes and drop shadows while moving the front numbers to the left chest . While the white uniforms saw the `` Bulls '' wordmark go from a vertically arched to radially arched arrangement , the red uniforms saw a more significant makeover , featuring black lettering and a script `` Chicago '' wordmark . With a few tweaks in the lettering , these uniforms were used until 1985 . This uniform set was later revived as a throwback uniform during the 2003 -- 04 and 2015 -- 16 seasons . 1985 -- present uniforms ( edit ) Starting with the 1985 -- 86 season , the Bulls updated their uniform . Among the more notable changes in the look were centered uniform numbers and a vertically arched `` Bulls '' wordmark in both the red and white uniforms . Like the previous set , this uniform saw a few tweaks particularly in the treatment of the player 's name . When Nike became the NBA 's uniform provider in 2017 , the Bulls kept much of the same look save for the truncated shoulder striping and the addition of the Chicago four stars on the waistline . With Nike and the NBA eliminating any designations on home and away uniforms , the Bulls also announced that their red `` Icon '' uniforms would become their primary home uniforms while the white `` Association '' uniforms would become their primary away uniforms . Alternate black uniforms ( edit ) In the 1995 -- 96 season , the Bulls added a black uniform to their set . The initial look featured red pinstripes and lacked the classic diamond on the shorts . This set was revived as throwback uniforms in the 2007 -- 08 and 2012 -- 13 seasons . From the 1997 -- 98 to the 2005 -- 06 seasons , the Bulls wore slightly modified black uniforms without pinstripes . This set , with a few slight changes in the template , also marked the return of the city name in front of the uniform during the 1999 -- 2000 season . The 2006 -- 07 season saw another change in the Bulls ' black alternate uniform , now resembling the red and white uniform with the addition of a red diamond in the shorts . For the 2014 -- 15 season , the uniforms were tweaked a bit to include sleeves and a modernized diamond treatment in black with red and white borders . Since the 2017 -- 18 season , the Bulls ' black uniforms remained mostly untouched save for the aforementioned switch to the new Nike logo that affected the treatment towards the shoulder piping . Nike also dubbed this uniform as the `` Statement '' uniform in reference to its third jerseys . The Bulls began wearing the Statement uniforms after Thanksgiving and is currently used in away games against teams that wear their white or cream uniforms . Other uniforms ( edit ) During the 2005 -- 06 season , the Bulls honored the defunct Chicago Stags by wearing the team 's red and blue throwback uniforms . The set featured red tops and blue shorts . From 2006 to 2017 , the Bulls wore a green version of their red uniforms during the week of St. Patrick 's Day in March . The only red elements visible were those found on the team logo . For 2015 the Bulls wore sleeved versions of the green uniform that featured white lettering with gold and black trim and the `` Chicago '' wordmark replacing `` Bulls in front . In 2016 and 2017 , they wore the same uniforms minus the sleeves . Between 2009 and 2017 , the Bulls wore a variation of their red uniforms as part of the NBA 's `` Noche Latina '' festivities every March . The only notable change in this uniform was the `` Los Bulls '' wordmark in front . For 2014 , the Bulls briefly retired the look in favor of a black sleeved uniform featuring `` Los Bulls '' in white with red trim . During the NBA 's `` Green Week '' celebrations , the Bulls also wore green uniforms , but with a slightly darker shade from their St. Patrick 's Day counterparts . They used their black alternate uniforms as its template . They donned the uniforms in a game against the Philadelphia 76ers on April 9 , 2009 . The Bulls also wore special edition Christmas uniforms as part of the NBA 's Christmas Day games . The one - off Christmas uniforms were as follows : 2012 : Monochrome red uniforms with lettering in red with black trim . 2013 : Sleeved red uniforms with Bulls logo rendered in silver . 2014 : Modified version of red uniform featuring the Bulls logo in front and a contrasting white nameplate of the player 's first name . 2015 : Red uniforms with ornate script letters in cream . 2016 : Monochrome red uniforms with ornate script letters in black . From 2015 to 2017 , the Bulls wore a grey `` Pride '' sleeved uniform , featuring the team name and other lettering in red with white trim . The shorts featured a more modernized version of the diamond , along with four six - pointed stars on either side . In the 2017 -- 18 season , the Bulls will wear special `` City '' uniforms designed by Nike . The uniforms , designed to pay homage to Chicago 's flag , are in white and feature the classic `` Chicago '' script and numbers in red with light blue trim along with four six - pointed stars on each side . Mascots ( edit ) Benny the Bull in 2018 . See also : Benny the Bull Benny the Bull is the main mascot of the Chicago Bulls . He was first introduced in 1969 . Benny is a red bull who wears number 1 . Benny is one of the oldest and best known mascots in all of professional sports . The Bulls also had another mascot named Da Bull . Introduced in 1995 , he was described on the team website as being the high flying cousin of Benny , known for his dunking skills . The man who portrayed Da Bull was arrested in 2004 for possession and selling marijuana from his car . Da Bull was retired soon after the incident . While Benny has a family - friendly design , Da Bull was designed as a more realistic bull . Unlike Benny , Da Bull was brown . He also had a meaner facial expression and wore number 95 . Season - by - season records ( edit ) Further information : List of Chicago Bulls seasons This section is empty . You can help by adding to it . ( December 2017 ) Franchise records ( edit ) Main article : Chicago Bulls accomplishments and records This section is empty . You can help by adding to it . ( December 2017 ) Training facility ( edit ) In 1992 , the team began training at the Berto Center , located at 550 Lake Cook Rd. , Deerfield , Illinois . However , on June 13 , 2012 , the team announced that it would move its practice facility to a downtown location closer to the United Center to reduce game day commutes . On September 12 , 2014 , the Bulls officially opened their new training facility , the Advocate Center . Home arenas ( edit ) Arena Arena Tenure International Amphitheatre 1966 -- 1967 Chicago Stadium 1967 -- 1994 United Center 1994 -- present Players ( edit ) Further information : Chicago Bulls all - time roster and Chicago Bulls draft history Current roster ( edit ) Chicago Bulls roster Players Coaches Pos . No . Name Height Weight DOB ( YYYY - MM - DD ) From 1.5 ! G 7001150000000000000 ♠ 15 Arcidiacono , Ryan ( TW ) 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 195 lb ( 88 kg ) 1994 -- 03 -- 26 Villanova 6.0 ! C 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 Aşık , Ömer 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 255 lb ( 116 kg ) 1986 -- 07 -- 04 Turkey 1.5 ! G 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 Blakeney , Antonio ( TW ) 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 197 lb ( 89 kg ) 1996 -- 10 -- 04 LSU 1.5 ! G 7001320000000000000 ♠ 32 Dunn , Kris 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 210 lb ( 95 kg ) 1994 -- 03 -- 18 Providence 5.5 ! F / C 7000600000000000000 ♠ 6 Felício , Cristiano 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 280 lb ( 127 kg ) 1992 -- 07 -- 07 CCSE Prep ( CA ) 1.5 ! G 7000200000000000000 ♠ 2 Grant , Jerian 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 198 lb ( 90 kg ) 1992 -- 10 -- 09 Notre Dame 2.5 ! G / F 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 Holiday , Justin 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 185 lb ( 84 kg ) 1989 -- 04 -- 05 Washington 1.5 ! G 5000000000000000000 ♠ 0 Kilpatrick , Sean 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 210 lb ( 95 kg ) 1990 -- 01 -- 06 Cincinnati 1.5 ! G 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 LaVine , Zach 7000195580000000000 ♠ 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) 185 lb ( 84 kg ) 1995 -- 03 -- 10 UCLA 6.0 ! C 7001420000000000000 ♠ 42 Lopez , Robin 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 277 lb ( 126 kg ) 1988 -- 04 -- 01 Stanford 4.0 ! F 7001240000000000000 ♠ 24 Markkanen , Lauri 7000213360000000000 ♠ 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) 230 lb ( 104 kg ) 1997 -- 05 -- 22 Arizona 1.5 ! G 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 Nwaba , David 7000193040000000000 ♠ 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) 209 lb ( 95 kg ) 1993 -- 01 -- 14 Cal Poly San Luis Obispo 1.5 ! G 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 Payne , Cameron 7000190500000000000 ♠ 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) 185 lb ( 84 kg ) 1994 -- 08 -- 08 Murray State 4.0 ! F 7000500000000000000 ♠ 5 Portis , Bobby 7000210820000000000 ♠ 6 ft 11 in ( 2.11 m ) 248 lb ( 112 kg ) 1995 -- 02 -- 10 Arkansas 4.0 ! F 7001450000000000000 ♠ 45 Valentine , Denzel 7000198120000000000 ♠ 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) 214 lb ( 97 kg ) 1993 -- 11 -- 16 Michigan State 4.0 ! F 7001300000000000000 ♠ 30 Vonleh , Noah 7000205740000000000 ♠ 6 ft 9 in ( 2.06 m ) 245 lb ( 111 kg ) 1995 -- 08 -- 24 Indiana 4.0 ! F 7001160000000000000 ♠ 16 Zipser , Paul 7000203200000000000 ♠ 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) 226 lb ( 103 kg ) 1994 -- 02 -- 18 Germany Head coach Fred Hoiberg Assistant coach ( es ) Randy Brown Nate Loenser Pete Myers Mike Wilhelm Jim Boylen ( Associate HC ) Legend ( C ) Team captain ( DP ) Unsigned draft pick ( FA ) Free agent ( S ) Suspended ( GL ) On assignment to G League affiliate ( TW ) Two - way affiliate player Injured Roster Transactions Last transaction : 2018 -- 03 -- 26 Retained draft rights ( edit ) The Bulls hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA . A drafted player , either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him , is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams . In this case , the team retains the player 's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player 's contract with the non-NBA team ends . This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams . Draft Round Pick Player Pos . Nationality Current team Note ( s ) Ref 2011 59 Majok , Ater Ater Majok F / C Australia Sagesse Club ( Lebanon ) Acquired from the Los Angeles Lakers 2008 53 Dragićević , Tadija Tadija Dragićević Serbia Yeşilgiresun Belediye ( Turkey ) Acquired from the Utah Jazz ( via Dallas ) 39 Miralles , Albert Albert Miralles F / C Spain Free agent Acquired from the Toronto Raptors ( via Miami , Boston , Milwaukee and Cleveland ) Franchise leaders ( edit ) Bold denotes still active with team . Italic denotes still active but not with team . Points scored ( regular season ) ( as of the end of the 2017 -- 18 season ) 1 . Michael Jordan ( 29,277 ) 2 . Scottie Pippen ( 15,123 ) 3 . Bob Love ( 12,623 ) 4 . Luol Deng ( 10,286 ) 5 . Jerry Sloan ( 10,233 ) 6 . Chet Walker ( 9,788 ) 7 . Artis Gilmore ( 9,288 ) 8 . Kirk Hinrich ( 8,536 ) 9 . Reggie Theus ( 8,279 ) 10 . Derrick Rose ( 8,001 ) 11 . Ben Gordon ( 7,372 ) 12 . Horace Grant ( 6,866 ) 13 . Norm Van Lier ( 6,505 ) 14 . Jimmy Butler ( 6,208 ) 15 . Toni Kukoč ( 6,148 ) 16 . Orlando Woolridge ( 6,146 ) 17 . Dave Greenwood ( 5,824 ) 18 . B.J. Armstrong ( 5,553 ) 19 . Mickey Johnson ( 5,531 ) 20 . Dave Corzine ( 5,457 ) 21 . Joakim Noah ( 5,325 ) 22 . Taj Gibson ( 5,280 ) 23 . John Paxson ( 4,932 ) 24 . Bob Boozer ( 4,807 ) 25 . Tom Boerwinkle ( 4,596 ) 26 . Quintin Dailey ( 4,473 ) 27 . Bob Weiss ( 4,445 ) 28 . Carlos Boozer ( 4,347 ) 29 . Andres Nocioni ( 4,120 ) 30 . Clem Haskins ( 3,703 ) 31 . Bill Cartwright ( 3,638 ) 32 . Wilbur Holland ( 3,568 ) 33 . Eddy Curry ( 3,414 ) 34 . Charles Oakley ( 3,162 ) 35 . Elton Brand ( 3,117 ) 36 . Steve Kerr ( 3,109 ) 37 . Ricky Sobers ( 3,059 ) 38 . Scott May ( 3,048 ) 39 . Nikola Mirotic ( 2,774 ) 40 . Ron Harper ( 2,760 ) 41 . Jalen Rose ( 2,742 ) 42 . Jamal Crawford ( 2,737 ) 43 . Jim Washington ( 2,736 ) 44 . Pau Gasol ( 2,633 ) 45 . Marcus Fizer ( 2,426 ) 46 . Tyson Chandler ( 2,397 ) 47 . John Mengelt ( 2,386 ) 48 . Luc Longley ( 2,326 ) 49 . Stacey King ( 2,278 ) 50 . Will Perdue ( 2,264 ) Other statistics ( regular season ) ( as of April 18 , 2017 ) Most minutes played Player Minutes Michael Jordan 35,887 Scottie Pippen 30,269 Jerry Sloan 24,798 Kirk Hinrich 23,545 Luol Deng 22,882 Bob Love 22,073 Norm Van Lier 19,122 Horace Grant 18,204 Joakim Noah 16,858 Artis Gilmore 16,777 Most rebounds Player Rebounds Michael Jordan 5,836 Tom Boerwinkle 5,745 Scottie Pippen 5,726 Joakim Noah 5,387 Jerry Sloan 5,385 Artis Gilmore 5,342 Horace Grant 4,721 Dave Greenwood 4,222 Luol Deng 4,078 Bob Love 3,998 Most assists Player Assists Michael Jordan 5,012 Scottie Pippen 4,494 Kirk Hinrich 3,811 Norm Van Lier 3,676 Derrick Rose 2,516 Reggie Theus 2,472 John Paxson 2,394 Bob Weiss 2,008 Tom Boerwinkle 2007 Toni Kukoč 1,840 Most steals Player Steals Michael Jordan 2,306 Scottie Pippen 1,792 Kirk Hinrich 857 Norm Van Lier 724 Luol Deng 639 Horace Grant 587 Jimmy Butler 583 Reggie Theus 580 Joakim Noah 481 Toni Kukoč 476 Most blocks Player Blocks Artis Gilmore 1,029 Michael Jordan 828 Joakim Noah 803 Scottie Pippen 774 Taj Gibson 696 Horace Grant 579 Dave Corzine 573 Dave Greenwood 526 Tyson Chandler 487 Luol Deng 360 Most three - pointers made Player 3 - pointers made Kirk Hinrich 1,049 Ben Gordon 770 Scottie Pippen 664 Michael Jordan 555 Steve Kerr 430 Andrés Nocioni 403 Luol Deng 387 Nikola Mirotić 363 Toni Kukoč 351 Derrick Rose 350 Head coaches ( edit ) Main article : List of Chicago Bulls head coaches Hall of Famers , retired and honored numbers ( edit ) Basketball Hall of Famers ( edit ) Chicago Bulls Hall of Famers Players No . Name Position Tenure Inducted 42 Nate Thurmond 1974 -- 1976 1985 8 George Gervin G / F 1985 -- 1986 00 Robert Parish 1996 -- 1997 2003 23 45 Michael Jordan 1984 -- 1993 1995 -- 1998 2009 33 Scottie Pippen 1987 -- 1998 2003 -- 2004 53 Artis Gilmore 1976 -- 1982 2011 91 Dennis Rodman 1995 -- 1998 2011 25 Chet Walker 1969 -- 1975 2012 5 Guy Rodgers 1966 -- 1967 2014 Coaches Name Position Tenure Inducted Phil Jackson Coach 1989 -- 1998 2007 Jerry Sloan Coach 1979 -- 1982 2009 Contributors Name Position Tenure Inducted Jerry Colangelo -- 1968 -- 1995 Jerry Reinsdorf Owner 1985 -- present 2016 Jerry Krause General Manager 1985 -- 2003 2017 Rod Thorn General Manager 1978 -- 1985 2018 Notes : In total , Jordan was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice -- as player and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team . In total , Pippen was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice -- as player and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team . Inducted as coach . He also played for the Bulls ( 1966 -- 1976 ) . Colangelo worked as a marketing director , scout , and assistant to the president of the team . Also served as Head Coach ( 1981 -- 1982 ) . FIBA Hall of Famers ( edit ) Chicago Bulls Hall of Famers Players No . Name Position Tenure Inducted 23 45 Michael Jordan 1984 -- 1993 1995 -- 1998 2015 7 Toni Kukoč 1993 -- 2000 2017 Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame ( edit ) Main article : Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame Retired numbers and honorees ( edit ) Chicago Bulls retired numbers and honorees No . Player Position / charge Tenure Date retired Sloan , Jerry Jerry Sloan G / SF 1966 -- 1976 000000001978 - 02 - 17 - 0000 February 17 , 1978 10 Love , Bob Bob Love 1968 -- 1976 000000001994 - 01 - 14 - 0000 January 14 , 1994 23 Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan SG 1984 -- 1993 1995 -- 1998 000000002003 - 11 - 01 - 0000 November 1 , 2003 33 Pippen , Scottie Scottie Pippen SF 1987 -- 1998 2003 -- 2004 000000002005 - 12 - 09 - 0000 December 9 , 2005 -- Jackson , Phil Phil Jackson Coach 1987 -- 1989 ( assistant ) 1989 -- 1998 ( head ) 000000001999 - 05 - 05 - 0000 May 5 , 1999 -- Kerr , Johnny Johnny Kerr Coach Business manager Broadcaster 1966 -- 1968 ( head coach ) 1973 -- 1975 ( business manager ) 1977 -- 2009 ( broadcaster ) 000000002009 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 , 2009 -- Krause , Jerry Jerry Krause General manager 000000001985 - 03 - 26 - 0000 March 26 , 1985 -- 000000002003 - 04 - 07 - 0000 April 7 , 2003 000000002003 - 10 - 31 - 0000 October 31 , 2003 Media ( edit ) Main article : List of Chicago Bulls broadcasters Radio ( edit ) The team 's games are broadcast on Entercom 's WSCR ( 670 ) as of February 3 , 2018 . From October 2015 - January 2018 , games were carried on Cumulus Media 's WLS ( 890 ) in a deal that was expected to last until the 2020 - 21 season , but was nullified in the middle of the 2017 - 18 season after Cumulus filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and nullified several large play - by - play and talent contracts . Chuck Swirsky does play - by - play , with Bill Wennington providing color commentary . Univision Radio 's WRTO ( 1200 ) has carried Spanish language game coverage since 2009 - 10 , with Omar Ramos as play - by - play announcer and Matt Moreno as color analyst . Television ( edit ) The Bulls ' television broadcasts are split among NBC Sports Chicago , which broadcasts most of the games , WGN - TV , and WCIU - TV . The announcers are Neil Funk and Stacey King . Also worth noting is that WGN - TV does not air all of its Chicago Bulls games nationwide : only a select few , usually Saturday games , were nationally televised on WGN America from 1999 -- 2014 . The rest are only available within the Chicago area . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` This Date in the NBA -- January '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . Retrieved December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Year - by - year history of the Chicago Bulls '' . NBA.com/Bulls . NBA Media Ventures , LLC . Retrieved January 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` NBA.com/Stats -- Chicago Bulls seasons '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved January 29 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` History : Team by Team '' ( PDF ) . Official National Basketball Association Guide 2017 -- 18 . National Basketball Association . October 30 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Going Retro : Chicago Bulls '' . NBA.com . NBA Media Ventures , LLC . Retrieved May 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Bulls Reproduction and Usage Guideline Sheet '' . NBA Properties , Inc . Retrieved December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Warriors Become Second Team in NBA History to Win 70 Games in a Single Season '' . Golden State Warriors. April 7 , 2016 . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Smith , Sam ( September 1 , 2012 ) . `` PAT WILLIAMS HELPED SAVE PRO BASKETBALL IN CHICAGO '' . Chicago Bulls . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Worst Records of Playoff Teams '' . The Sporting News . April 28 , 1986 . p. 46 . Jump up ^ databasebasketball.com , Chicago Bulls 1995 -- 96 Game Log and Scores Archived January 25 , 2016 , at the Wayback Machine ... Retrieved January 20 , 2007 . Jump up ^ All - Defensive Teams , NBA.com , accessed May 10 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Top 10 Teams in NBA History '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ databasebasketball.com , Chicago Bulls 1996 -- 97 Game Log and Scores Archived January 25 , 2016 , at the Wayback Machine ... Retrieved January 16 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` The NBA at 50 '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Robert Parish Bio '' . National Basketball Association . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Wise , Mike ( October 29 , 1997 ) . `` N.B.A. PREVIEW ' 97 -- ' 98 : End of Line for Dynasty ? Aging Bulls to Face Challenge From Several Teams '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` BULLS : BULLS SCHEDULE 1998 -- 99 '' . Chicago Bulls . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` NBA.com : February 2008 Transactions '' . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` KINGS ACQUIRE FOUR PLAYERS IN THREE - TEAM TRADE '' . NBA.com . February 18 , 2009 . Retrieved 2009 - 02 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Sources : Knicks trade for Bulls ' Hughes '' . Retrieved February 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Report : Bulls trade Sefolosha for draft pick '' . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2009 . Retrieved February 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ JIMMY GOLEN , AP Sports Writer May 3 , 12 : 33 am EDT ( July 22 , 2009 ) . `` OT hold - down : Celtics top Bulls in regulation -- NBA -- Yahoo ! Sports '' . Sports.yahoo.com . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 01 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` 2009 NBA Draft -- Yahoo ! Sports '' . Sports.yahoo.com . June 21 , 2009 . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 01 . Jump up ^ K.C. JOHNSON , Chicago Tribune May 4 , 2 : 20 pm EDT ( May 4 , 2010 ) . `` No timetable for new Bulls coach ; Pax apologizes '' . ChicagoBreakingSports.com . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 04 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ K.C. Johnson , Thibodeau accepts Bulls ' 3 - year offer to be their 18th head coach , Chicago Tribune , June 5 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Thibodeau named 18th head coach in franchise history '' . NBA.com . Turner Sports Interactive , Inc . June 23 , 2010 . Retrieved June 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Bulls ' Jimmy Butler Most Improved Players '' . ESPN . May 7 , 2015 . Retrieved May 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Friedell , Nick ( May 28 , 2015 ) . `` Tom Thibodeau out in Chicago as Bulls seek ' change in approach ' '' . ESPN . Retrieved May 28 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` BULLS NAME FRED HOIBERG HEAD COACH '' ( Press release ) . Chicago Bulls . June 2 , 2015 . Retrieved September 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Knicks Acquire Derrick Rose '' . NBA.com . June 22 , 2016 . Retrieved June 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` BULLS SIGN RAJON RONDO '' . Chicago Bulls . July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` BULLS SIGN DWYANE WADE '' . Chicago Bulls . July 15 , 2016 . Retrieved December 16 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Bucks Acquire Tony Snell from the Bulls '' . NBA.com . October 17 , 2016 . Retrieved October 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Bulls Clinch Playoff Berth , Will Face Celtics In 1st Round '' . CBS Chicago . 2017 - 04 - 12 . Archived from the original on 2017 - 04 - 29 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 29 . Jump up ^ Aschburner , Steve ( 2017 - 04 - 29 ) . `` Isaiah Thomas , Boston Celtics complete emotional comeback over Chicago Bulls '' . NBA.com . Archived from the original on 2017 - 04 - 29 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 29 . ^ Jump up to : Johnson , K.C. ( February 1 , 2018 ) . `` Bulls trade Nikola Mirotic to Pelicans for 1st - round pick and 3 players '' . chicagotribune.com . Retrieved February 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Sykes II , Michael D. ( October 21 , 2017 ) . `` Bobby Portis suspended 8 games for punching teammate Nikola Mirotic in face '' . SBNation.com . Retrieved February 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Michael Jordan '' . Classicsportsgamesondvd.com . Retrieved 2012 - 12 - 07 . Jump up ^ Staff , NBA.com . `` Jimmy Butler , Dwyane Wade call out teammates after tough loss - NBA.com '' . www.nba.com . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 30 . Jump up ^ Cohen , Ben . `` The One Record the Warriors Ca n't Take From the Bulls : Even as Golden State closes on a historic 73rd win , Chicago 's pre-game music still sets the standard , '' Wall Street Journal ( April 12 , 2016 ) . Jump up ^ `` BULLS : Tommy Edwards '' . Nba.com . September 12 , 2006 . Archived from the original on December 24 , 2010 . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` Ask Sam Smith : The Tribune 's pro basketball reporter answers reader questions '' . ChicagoSports.com. April 26 , 2007 . Retrieved September 9 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Bulls Take Game 1 '' . ComcastSportsNet.com. April 24 , 2005 . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2007 . Retrieved September 9 , 2007 . Jump up ^ `` Tradition broken '' . ESPN . April 24 , 2009 . Retrieved April 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ K.C. Johnson . `` No clowning around : A win '' . Chicago Tribune . November 25 , 2004 . 1 . Jump up ^ Kuc , Chris ( November 14 , 2007 ) . `` Blackhawks ' circus trip starts with thud '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved November 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Chris Kuc . `` Say goodbye to the circus trip : Scheduling quirk to end for Blackhawks , Bulls '' . Chicago Tribune . November 14 , 2016 . 1 . Jump up ^ Kuc , Chris ( November 14 , 2016 ) . `` Say goodbye to the circus trip : Scheduling quirk to end for Blackhawks , Bulls '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved March 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Behind The Name -- Chicago Bulls '' . National Basketball Association . September 25 , 2015 . Retrieved September 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Jon , Hilkevitch ( June 23 , 1993 ) . `` Logo Designer Has Reason To Horn In On Bulls ' Glory '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 11 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` 9 eye - catching Bulls jerseys over the years '' . Chicago Bulls . December 16 , 2015 . Retrieved April 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` LOOK : Chicago Bulls unveil revamped Nike jerseys , opt to wear red for home games '' . CBSSports.com . August 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Mascots ' stigmata '' . ESPN . Retrieved January 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Channick , Robert ( June 14 , 2012 ) . `` Bulls coming home to Chicago '' . Chicago Tribune . Jump up ^ Byrne , John ( September 12 , 2014 ) . `` Bulls open West Side practice facility '' . Chicago Tribune . Jump up ^ Coon , Larry . `` NBA Salary Cap FAQ -- 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement '' . Retrieved April 13 , 2014 . If the player is already under contract to , or signs a contract with a non-NBA team , the team retains the player 's draft rights for one year after the player 's obligation to the non-NBA team ends . Essentially , the clock stops as long as the player plays pro ball outside the NBA . Jump up ^ `` BULLS TRADE JOSE CALDERON TO LOS ANGELES LAKERS '' . NBA.com . July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Bulls trade Smith to Dallas '' . NBA.com . July 14 , 2014 . Retrieved July 23 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` BULLS TRADE MIKE DUNLEAVY TO CLEVELAND '' . NBA.com . July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Chicago Bulls : Players '' . Basketball Reference. 2017 - 04 - 18 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 18 . Jump up ^ Charles , Mike . `` Jerry 's story '' . Archived from the original on March 14 , 2012 . Retrieved August 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ CSN Staff ( July 16 , 2015 ) . `` White Sox , Bulls Announce Long - Term Deals with WLS AM 890 '' . CSNChicago.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 26 . Jump up ^ Feder , Robert ( 31 January 2018 ) . `` Done deal : Bulls pivot to The Score '' . Robert Feder . Retrieved 1 February 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Bulls Schedule '' . Nba.com . Retrieved 2009 - 08 - 01 . External links ( edit ) National Basketball Association portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chicago Bulls . Official website Chicago Bulls Founded in 1966 Based in Chicago , Illinois Franchise Franchise Expansion Draft All - time roster Draft history Seasons Records Broadcasters Head coaches Current season Arenas International Amphitheatre Chicago Stadium United Center Personnel Owner : Jerry Reinsdorf Vice president of basketball operations : John Paxson General manager : Gar Forman Head coach : Fred Hoiberg Culture Air Jordan Jumpman Tommy Edwards Benny the Bull `` Sirius '' Ray Clay Jordan Rules Triangle offense Ashland Green / Pink Line Station Tex Winter The Spirit ( Michael Jordan statue ) Lore Phantom Buzzer Game The Shot Championship riots Trent Tucker Rule Disputed foul against Scottie Pippen 72 -- 10 Michael Jordan 's last shot Rivals Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Miami Heat New York Knicks Retired numbers 10 23 33 Coach General Manager G League affiliate Windy City Bulls NBA Championships ( 6 ) 1991 1992 1993 1997 1998 Eastern Conference Championships ( 6 ) 1991 1992 1993 1997 1998 Division titles ( 9 ) 1991 1992 1993 1997 1998 2011 2012 Hall of Famers George Gervin Artis Gilmore Phil Jackson Michael Jordan Robert Parish Scottie Pippen Dennis Rodman Jerry Sloan Nate Thurmond Tex Winter Jerry Reinsdorf Media TV WGN ( through WGN Sports ) NBC Sports Chicago CN100 Radio WSCR Announcers Neil Funk Stacey King Chuck Swirsky Bill Wennington Links to related articles Chicago Bulls seasons Franchise History Seasons 1960s 1966 -- 67 1967 -- 68 1968 -- 69 1970s 1969 -- 70 1970 -- 71 1971 -- 72 1972 -- 73 1973 -- 74 1974 -- 75 1975 -- 76 1976 -- 77 1977 -- 78 1978 -- 79 1980s 1979 -- 80 1980 -- 81 1981 -- 82 1982 -- 83 1983 -- 84 1984 -- 85 1985 -- 86 1986 -- 87 1987 -- 88 1988 -- 89 1990s 1989 -- 90 1990 -- 91 1991 -- 92 1992 -- 93 1993 -- 94 1994 -- 95 1995 -- 96 1996 -- 97 1997 -- 98 1998 -- 99 2000s 1999 -- 00 2000 -- 01 2001 -- 02 2002 -- 03 2003 -- 04 2004 -- 05 2005 -- 06 2006 -- 07 2007 -- 08 2008 -- 09 2010s 2009 -- 10 2010 -- 11 2011 -- 12 2012 -- 13 2013 -- 14 2014 -- 15 2015 -- 16 2016 -- 17 2017 -- 18 2018 -- 19 Bold indicates NBA Finals victory National Basketball Association Eastern Conference Atlantic Boston Celtics Brooklyn Nets New York Knicks Philadelphia 76ers Toronto Raptors Central Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers Detroit Pistons Indiana Pacers Milwaukee Bucks Southeast Atlanta Hawks Charlotte Hornets Miami Heat Orlando Magic Washington Wizards Western Conference Northwest Denver Nuggets Minnesota Timberwolves Oklahoma City Thunder Portland Trail Blazers Utah Jazz Pacific Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns Sacramento Kings Southwest Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets Memphis Grizzlies New Orleans Pelicans San Antonio Spurs Annual events Draft Eligibility Summer League Christmas Day All - Star Weekend Game Global Games Africa 2015 Africa 2017 Playoffs List Finals Champions History Predecessors BAA NBL ABA Merger Criticisms and controversies 2007 Tim Donaghy betting scandal Lockouts Seasons Records regular season post-season All - Star Game Win - loss records Personalities Players Current rosters Foreign players Race and ethnicity First overall draft picks Highest paid Retired numbers Banned or suspended NBPA Head coaches Current Player - coaches Champions Foreign coaches NBCA Owners Referees Awards and honors Larry O'Brien Trophy NBA Awards NBA MVP Finals MVP All - Star Game MVP Hall of Fame Members NBA Silver Anniversary Team NBA 35th Anniversary Team 50 Greatest Players Others Arenas Business Collective bargaining agreement Salary cap NBA Store Culture Cheerleading Mascots Dress code G League Midwest Division Media TV NBA TV Rivalries Teams Defunct Expansion Relocated Timeline WNBA Basketball in the United States Portal 2017 -- 18 season Sports teams based in the Chicago metropolitan area Baseball MLB Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox MWL Kane County Cougars AA Chicago Dogs Gary SouthShore RailCats FL Joliet Slammers Schaumburg Boomers Windy City ThunderBolts MCL DuPage County Hounds Joliet Admirals NWI Oilmen Southland Vikings PL DuPage Drones Basketball NBA Chicago Bulls WNBA Chicago Sky G League Windy City Bulls ABA Chicago Fury Chicago Steam Libertyville VIpers Football NFL Chicago Bears WFA Chicago Force LFL Chicago Bliss Hockey NHL Chicago Blackhawks AHL Chicago Wolves USHL Chicago Steel Lacrosse CILL Chicago Outlaws MCLC Chicago Lacrosse Club Chitown Lacrosse Club Lincoln Park Lacrosse Club Windy City Lacrosse Club Roller derby USARS Chicago Red Hots WFTDA Chicago Outfit Roller Derby Windy City Rollers Rugby RSL Chicago Griffins RFC Chicago Lions RFC Soccer MLS Chicago Fire NWSL Chicago Red Stars PDL Chicago FC United Indoor soccer M2 Chicago Mustangs Softball NPF Chicago Bandits Australian rules football USAFL Chicago Swans College athletics ( NCAA Division I ) Chicago State Cougars DePaul Blue Demons Loyola Ramblers Northern Illinois Huskies Northwestern Wildcats UIC Flames Valparaiso Crusaders College athletics ( NCAA Division II ) Lewis Flyers Sports teams based in Illinois Baseball MLB Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox MWL Kane County Cougars Peoria Chiefs FL Gateway Grizzlies Joliet Slammers Normal CornBelters Schaumburg Boomers Southern Illinois Miners Windy City ThunderBolts NWL Rockford Rivets PL Danville Dans Quincy Gems Springfield Sliders Basketball NBA Chicago Bulls WNBA Chicago Sky G League Windy City Bulls ABA Chicago Fury Chicago Steam Libertyville Vipers Windy City Groove IBA Kankakee County Soldiers Rockford Riverdawgs Windy City Blazers MPBA Champaign Swarm Chicago Force Pontiac 66ers Windy City Groove Football NFL Chicago Bears CIF Quad City Steamwheelers Ind Bloomington Edge , Chicago Falcons LFL Chicago Bliss Hockey NHL Chicago Blackhawks AHL Chicago Wolves Rockford IceHogs SPHL Peoria Rivermen FHL Danville Dashers USHL Central Illinois Flying Aces Chicago Steel NAHL Springfield Jr . Blues Inline hockey MLRH Chicago Carnage Roller derby USARS Chicago Red Hots WFTDA Chicago Outfit Roller Derby McLean County MissFits Rockford Rage Southern Illinois Roller Girls Twin City Derby Girls Windy City Rollers Rugby RSL Chicago Griffins RFC Chicago Lions RFC MRFU Rowdies Rugby Football Club Springfield Celts Rugby Club Soccer MLS Chicago Fire PDL Chicago Fire U-23 NPSL Quad City Eagles PLA Aurora Borealis SC RWB Adria NWSL Chicago Red Stars WPSL Chicago Red Stars Reserves Indoor soccer M2 Chicago Mustangs Softball NPF Chicago Bandits Ultimate AUDL Chicago Wildfire College athletics ( NCAA Division I ) Bradley Braves Chicago State Cougars DePaul Blue Demons Eastern Illinois Panthers Illinois Fighting Illini Illinois State Redbirds Loyola Ramblers Northern Illinois Huskies Northwestern Wildcats SIU Edwardsville Cougars Southern Illinois Salukis UIC Flames Western Illinois Leathernecks College athletics ( NCAA Division II ) Lewis Flyers McKendree Bearcats Quincy Hawks UIS Prairie Stars Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Bulls&oldid=843126290 '' Categories : Chicago Bulls National Basketball Association teams Basketball teams established in 1966 1966 establishments in Illinois Basketball in Chicago Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Use mdy dates from August 2014 Articles needing additional references from April 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles needing additional references from March 2017 Articles to be expanded from December 2017 All articles to be expanded Articles with empty sections from December 2017 All articles with empty sections Articles using small message boxes Articles with hCards Talk Contents About Wikipedia Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Kiswahili Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी مازِرونی Монгол Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Occitan Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe Українська Vèneto Tiếng Việt Volapük West - Vlams Yorùbá Žemaitėška 中文 57 more Edit links This page was last edited on 27 May 2018 , at 01 : 54 . 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About Wikipedia | when did the bulls win their first championship | ['\n\nChicago Bulls\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2017–18 Chicago Bulls season\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nConference\nEastern\n\n\nDivision\nCentral\n\n\nFounded\n1966[1]\n\n\nHistory\nChicago Bulls\n1966–present[2][3][4]\n\n\nArena\nUnited Center\n\n\nLocation\nChicago, Illinois\n\n\nTeam colors\nRed, black[5][6]\n \n\n\nPresident\nMichael Reinsdorf\n\n\nGeneral manager\nGar Forman\n\n\nHead coach\nFred Hoiberg\n\n\nOwnership\nJerry Reinsdorf\n\n\nAffiliation(s)\nWindy City Bulls\n\n\nChampionships\n6 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998)\n\n\nConference titles\n6 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998)\n\n\nDivision titles\n9\nMidwest: 1 (1975)\nCentral: 8 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2011, 2012)\n\n\nRetired numbers\n4 (4, 10, 23, 33)\n\n\nWebsite\nwww.nba.com/bulls\n\n\nUniforms\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHome\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAway\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n'] | ['1991'] |
Chicago Bulls
2017–18 Chicago Bulls season
Conference
Eastern
Division
Central
Founded
1966[1]
History
Chicago Bulls
1966–present[2][3][4]
Arena
United Center
Location
Chicago, Illinois
Team colors
Red, black[5][6]
President
Michael Reinsdorf
General manager
Gar Forman
Head coach
Fred Hoiberg
Ownership
Jerry Reinsdorf
Affiliation(s)
Windy City Bulls
Championships
6 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998)
Conference titles
6 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998)
Division titles
9
Midwest: 1 (1975)
Central: 8 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2011, 2012)
Retired numbers
4 (4, 10, 23, 33)
Website
www.nba.com/bulls
Uniforms
Home
Away
|
[question]: What is the name of the basketball team that plays in Chicago?
[answer]: The name of the basketball team that plays in Chicago is the Chicago Bulls. | What is the name of the basketball team that plays in Chicago? | The name of the basketball team that plays in Chicago is the Chicago Bulls. | 1 | 7.357997 | 14 | 89 | 1 |
20,855 | -8,007,745,231,644,537,000 | Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge | Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge - wikipedia Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Jump to : navigation , search Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Concept art released in August 2015 Disneyland Coordinates 33 ° 48 ′ 50 '' N 117 ° 55 ′ 12 '' W / 33.814 ° N 117.92 ° W / 33.814 ; - 117.92 Status Under construction Opening date Summer 2019 Replaced Big Thunder Ranch Disney 's Hollywood Studios Coordinates 28 ° 21 ′ 14 '' N 81 ° 33 ′ 40 '' W / 28.354 ° N 81.561 ° W / 28.354 ; - 81.561 Status Under construction Opening date Late Fall 2019 Replaced Streets of America General Statistics Theme Star Wars Area 14 acres ( 5.7 ha ) Attractions Attractions 2 total Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge is an upcoming Star Wars - themed area being developed at both Disneyland Park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim , California , as well as Disney 's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake , Florida . The Star Wars - themed area , or `` land , '' at each park will encompass 14 acres . Announced in August 2015 , the lands are scheduled to open at both locations in 2019 , with the Disneyland version opening first . Walt Disney Imagineering executive Scott Trowbridge is supervising the development of the new land at both parks . Disney CEO Bob Iger announced on March 3 , 2016 , at the Disney shareholders meeting , that construction on both versions of the land would begin in April 2016 . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 2 Design 3 Locations 3.1 Disneyland 3.2 Disney 's Hollywood Studios 4 See also 5 References History ( edit ) Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge was first publicly announced by The Walt Disney Company Chairman and CEO Bob Iger at the D23 Expo on August 15 , 2015 , though it did not have an official name at the time . According to Iger , it will be `` occupied by many inhabitants ; humanoids , aliens and droids ... the attractions , the entertainment , everything we create will be part of our storytelling . Nothing will be out of character or stray from the mythology . '' Bob Chapek , chairman of Walt Disney Parks , Experiences and Consumer Products , stated that the land `` will introduce you to a Star Wars planet you 've never seen before -- a gateway planet located on the outer rim , full of places and characters familiar and not so familiar . '' In an interview for the winter 2015 issue of the official Disney fan club publication Disney twenty - three , Trowbridge stated : `` ( O ) ur intent is to make it feel as if you just walked into one of the movies ... Bringing Star Wars to life in the physical world gives us the opportunity to play with a whole bunch of things we 've never done before ... to really engage all of the senses . What does that street feel like ? What does that animal smell like ? What does blue milk taste like ? '' Iger announced in March 2016 that construction on both versions of the land would begin in April 2016 . Construction began at both locations on April 14 , 2016 . In February 2017 , Iger stated that the lands are scheduled to open in 2019 at both Disneyland and Hollywood Studios . In July 2017 at the D23 Expo , Chapek revealed that the themed lands would be called Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge . Chapek also announced that Disneyland 's version will open first . In November 2017 , Trowbridge announced that the planet in the land is called Batuu . Batuu will appear in the novel Star Wars : Thrawn Alliances , scheduled for release on July 24 , 2018 . In May 2018 Trowbridge revealed that the name of the planet 's village is Black Spire Outpost . Design ( edit ) Walt Disney Imagineering designed the project in collaboration with the Lucasfilm Story Group , with Imagineer Scott Trowbridge supervising the project , Asa Kalama and Chris Beatty serving as executive creative directors , and Lucasfilm 's Pablo Hidalgo and designer Doug Chiang of Industrial Light & Magic involved as consultants . Together , the team decided to set the lands on a new planet , located within the Outer Rim of the Unknown Regions . Described as a `` remote frontier outpost '' , the planet Batuu has not previously appeared in other media , although it has existed within canon `` for thousands and thousands of years . '' The team chose to create a newly designed world instead of using an existing planet from the films such as Tatooine or Hoth , because those locations evoked a pre-existing familiarity with guests , with Trowbridge explaining , `` We wanted to build new Star Wars stories , new Star Wars destinations , but this time you could be in that story that required us to go to a new place . '' This used to be a vibrant trading port back in the old sub-lightspeed days , but now with advent of hyperspace , its prominence has kind of fallen and faded a little bit which has made it a great spot for those who did n't want to be on that kind of mainstream path . The smugglers , the bounty hunters , the rogue adventurers looking to crew up , the people who do n't want to be found -- basically all the interesting people . -- Supervising Imagineer Scott Trowbridge describing the featured planet The development team drew inspiration from real - world locations , including as Istanbul and Morocco , and traveled there to study the architecture , culture , and weather . The team also cited Ralph McQuarrie 's concept art for the original Star Wars trilogy as a basis for the aesthetic look of the land . The timeline is set after the events of Return of the Jedi , in the years leading up to the sequel trilogy , and will depict the rising presence of both the First Order and the Resistance . The Star Wars - themed land will have two new attractions : one will allow riders to control the Millennium Falcon , which will feature a `` customized secret mission '' , and the other will place guests into the middle of a battle between the First Order and the Resistance . Concept art depicts a full - size Millennium Falcon situated among alien buildings built into tall cliffs . The new planet is designed for guests to begin their own narrative . There will also be a version of a cantina . How riders perform on the Millennium Falcon will influence how they are treated at the cantina , adding to the immersive experience . According to the Disney Parks Blog , `` perform with skill and you may earn extra galactic credits , while bringing the ship back banged up could put you on the list of a bounty hunter . End up on Harkos 's list and you may face a problem if you show up at the local cantina ! '' In the marketplace in Black Spire Outpost there will be a toy stall that will be run by a Toydarian - an alien species that was seen on Tatooine in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace . There will also be a creature stall . Locations ( edit ) Construction at Disney 's Hollywood Studios in August 2017 Disneyland ( edit ) At Disneyland , Galaxy 's Edge is being built to the north of Frontierland , where Big Thunder Ranch and backstage areas were located . As a result of the expansion , Disney purchased nearby properties to relocate the office and warehouse space that was on the land . On January 11 , 2016 , several attractions in Frontierland and Critter Country were closed . Big Thunder Ranch closed permanently , including the multifunction event space , barbecue restaurant , and petting zoo . Other attractions closed temporarily , including the Disneyland Railroad and Rivers of America . Tom Sawyer Island reopened on June 16 , 2017 , and Fantasmic ! reopened on July 17 , 2017 . The Disneyland Railroad , Mark Twain Riverboat , Sailing Ship Columbia , and Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes reopened on July 29 . The construction of Galaxy 's Edge resulted in a reconfigured route for the Disneyland Railroad and Rivers of America . A first look at how these changes would impact the park were revealed in January 2016 , when concept art was released depicting the northern bank of the river after construction was completed . Disney 's Hollywood Studios ( edit ) At Disney 's Hollywood Studios , Galaxy 's Edge is replacing the majority of the park 's Streets of America , including the Lights , Motors , Action ! Extreme Stunt Show and Honey , I Shrunk the Kids : Movie Set Adventure which closed on April 2 , 2016 , as well as the surrounding backlot facades , restaurants , and shops . Together with the previously closed Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow attraction , Galaxy 's Edge will be part of a major expansion of the park that will include Toy Story Land . The remaining operating portions of Streets of America ( containing Muppet * Vision 3D ) were left undisturbed and renamed as Grand Avenue , and Grand Park . The land will be accompanied by the Star Wars Hotel . See also ( edit ) The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , a themed land at Universal Parks & Resorts in Orlando , Osaka , and Hollywood Pandora -- The World of Avatar , a themed land at Disney 's Animal Kingdom References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Pandora -- The World of Avatar to Open May 27 , Star Wars Lands Coming in 2019 - The Walt Disney Company '' . The Walt Disney Company . February 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2017 . Retrieved February 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Prudom , Laura ; Zumberg , Marianne ( August 15 , 2015 ) . `` ' Star Wars ' Themed Lands Coming to Disney Parks , Says Bob Iger '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 16 , 2015 . Retrieved August 15 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Pedicini , Sandra ( August 15 , 2015 ) . `` Star Wars land coming to Disney 's Hollywood Studios - Orlando Sentinel '' . OrlandoSentinel.com . Archived from the original on August 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bishop , Bryan ( April 1 , 2018 ) . `` DISNEYLAND Paris is getting a huge £ 1.8 billion makeover '' . The Sun . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Glover , Erin ( August 15 , 2015 ) . `` Star Wars - Themed Lands Coming to Walt Disney World and Disneyland Resorts '' . Disney Parks Blog . The Walt Disney Company . Archived from the original on May 19 , 2017 . Retrieved May 23 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Bevil , Dewayne . `` Coming to Disney World : Tron , Guardians of the Galaxy ride , ' Star Wars ' hotel '' . OrlandoSentinel.com . Archived from the original on July 16 , 2017 . Retrieved July 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Martens , Todd ( November 13 , 2015 ) . `` Tomorrowland at Disneyland revamps with Season of the Force ahead of new ' Star Wars ' movie release '' . Los Angeles Times . Tribune Publishing Company . Archived from the original on January 9 , 2016 . Retrieved January 10 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Frye , Jim ( Winter 2015 ) . `` Chewie , We 're Home '' . Disney twenty - three . Burbank : Walt Disney Company . 7 ( 4 ) : 20 -- 23 . ISSN 2162 - 5492 . OCLC 698366817 . ^ Jump up to : Martin , Hugo ( March 3 , 2016 ) . `` Disneyland to start building its ' Star Wars ' land in April '' . latimes.com . Archived from the original on March 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Parker , Ryan ( April 14 , 2016 ) . `` Disney Breaks Ground on ' Star Wars ' Land in California and Florida '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2016 . Retrieved April 14 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Trowbridge , Scott ( November 17 , 2017 ) . `` Star Tours Gives Guests First Peek at Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Planet at Disney Parks '' . Disney Parks Blog . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Planet Will Be Introduced in New Novel '' . March 23 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Trowbridge , Scott ( May 27 , 2018 ) . `` Black Spire Outpost Revealed to be the Name of the Village in Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge '' . Disney Parks Blog . Retrieved May 29 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Kelley , Seth ( April 15 , 2017 ) . `` Everything We Know About the ' Star Wars ' Disney Theme Parks '' . Variety . Archived from the original on April 16 , 2017 . Retrieved April 16 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Tribou , Richard ( April 15 , 2016 ) . `` New Disney Star Wars land details revealed at Star Wars Celebration '' . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on April 16 , 2017 . Retrieved April 16 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop , Bryan ( April 15 , 2017 ) . `` Watch the creation of Disney 's ambitious and immersive Star Wars land '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on April 16 , 2017 . Retrieved April 16 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hartwell , Chris ; Couch , Aaron ( April 15 , 2017 ) . `` Star Wars Land : Millennium Falcon Ride Has Surprisingly High Stakes '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 16 , 2017 . Retrieved April 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Plautz , Jessica . `` Get a Sneak Peek at the ' Star Wars ' Lands Coming to Disney Parks '' . Travel and Leisure . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : MacDonald , Brady . `` 8 unanswered questions about Disneyland 's Star Wars Land '' . latimes.com . Archived from the original on October 16 , 2015 . Retrieved October 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Campbell , Chuck . `` Disney World expansion to add ' Star Wars ' land '' . KNS . Archived from the original on August 17 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Pimentel , Joseph ; Eades , Mark ; Larsen , Peter ( November 18 , 2015 ) . `` VIDEO : It 's official : ' Star Wars ' theme land coming to Disneyland '' . Orange County Register . Jump up ^ `` All there is to know about Star Wars Land that is coming in 2019 to Disney World and Disneyland '' . Disney by Age . December 18 , 2017 . Retrieved December 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pearson , Ben ( May 28 , 2018 ) . `` 7 Things We Learned About Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge From The Galactic Nights Panel '' . slashfilm.com . Retrieved May 29 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Martin , Hugo ( August 4 , 2015 ) . `` Disney buys Anaheim land , sparking expansion speculation '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on August 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Bloom , Tracy ( January 9 , 2016 ) . `` Disneyland Closing Several Attractions on Monday Ahead of ' Star Wars ' Land Construction '' . ktla.com . Tribune Broadcasting . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2016 . Retrieved April 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Niles , Robert ( July 28 , 2016 ) . `` Disneyland targets summer 2017 for Rivers of America return '' . Themeparkinsider.com . Archived from the original on July 30 , 2016 . Retrieved July 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Disneyland favorites returning after hiatus amid ' Star Wars ' - themed land construction '' . abc7.com . June 5 , 2017 . Retrieved June 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pimentel , Joseph ; Eades , Mark ( January 15 , 2016 ) . `` Concept art : How Disneyland 's Rivers of America will look after ' Star Wars ' land construction is finished '' . Orange County Register . Archived from the original on April 11 , 2016 . Retrieved April 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Knopp , JeniLynn ( August 26 , 2016 ) . `` VIDEO : Star Wars area construction progressing at Disney 's Hollywood Studios '' . insidethemagic.net . Archived from the original on August 27 , 2016 . Retrieved August 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Paige , Rachel ( January 15 , 2016 ) . `` What 's closing at Disney World to make way for `` Star Wars '' Land `` . hellogiggles.com . Archived from the original on August 28 , 2016 . Retrieved August 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Bevil , Dewayne ( March 24 , 2016 ) . `` Hollywood Studios attractions on their way out at Disney World '' . orlandosentinel.com . Archived from the original on August 26 , 2016 . Retrieved September 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Pedicini , Sandra ( January 15 , 2016 ) . `` Earffel Tower coming down , attractions closing at Disney 's Hollywood Studios '' . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Pedicini , Sandra ( April 29 , 2016 ) . `` Disney 's Hollywood Studios : When a theme park is part construction zone '' . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original on November 22 , 2016 . Retrieved November 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kumparak , Greg . `` Disney is opening an immersive Star Wars Hotel where each guest gets a storyline '' . TechCrunch . Archived from the original on July 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fickley - Baker , Jennifer . `` Plans Unveiled for Star Wars - Inspired Themed Resort at Walt Disney World '' . Disney Parks Blog . Archived from the original on July 16 , 2017 . Retrieved July 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bishop , Bryan ( July 16 , 2017 ) . `` Disney wants to build a Westworld for Star Wars fans '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on July 16 , 2017 . Retrieved July 17 , 2017 . Star Wars Feature films Saga Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back Return of the Jedi The Phantom Menace Attack of the Clones Revenge of the Sith The Force Awakens The Last Jedi Anthology Rogue One Solo Other The Clone Wars Television Series Droids Ewoks Clone Wars The Clone Wars cast episodes Rebels characters episodes Forces of Destiny Resistance Detours ( unaired ) Films Holiday Special Caravan of Courage : An Ewok Adventure Ewoks : The Battle for Endor Production George Lucas Lucasfilm Cast Characters Changes in film re-releases Han shot first Filming locations Opening crawl Sequel trilogy Sources and analogues Music Soundtracks Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back Return of the Jedi Ewoks Episode I : The Phantom Menace Episode II : Attack of the Clones Episode III : Revenge of the Sith The Clone Wars The Force Awakens Rogue One The Last Jedi Themes `` Star Wars ( Main Title ) '' `` The Imperial March '' `` Ewok Celebration '' `` Duel of the Fates '' `` Battle of the Heroes '' Outside media Attractions A Galactic Spectacular Jedi Training : Trials of the Temple Star Tours The Adventures Continue Galaxy 's Edge Star Wars Hotel Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain Star Wars Launch Bay Star Wars Weekends Where Science Meets Imagination Lego List of sets Droid Tales The Resistance Rises The Freemaker Adventures Merchandise Action figures Kenner list Hasbro Vintage Collection Star Wars Transformers Games Star Wars Pez Manga Force Trainer Shepperton Design Studios Trading cards Vinylmation Star Wars Rollinz toys Television specials The Making of Star Wars SP FX : The Empire Strikes Back From Star Wars to Jedi : The Making of a Saga Other Radio dramatizations Video games list Shadows of the Empire Knights of the Old Republic The Force Unleashed The Old Republic Art Books non-fiction Comics list Expanded universe characters Cultural impact 501st Legion Comparison to Star Trek Fan films Parodies Force for Change Jedi census Jediism Rebel Legion Star Wars Celebration Star Wars Day Star Wars : In Concert Star Wars Insider Wookieepedia TheForce.Net Yoda conditions Book Portal Themed lands of Disney theme parks A Bug 's Land Animation Courtyard Africa Adventureland American Waterfront Arabian Coast Asia Buena Vista Street Cars Land Critter Country DinoLand U.S.A. Discovery Island Echo Lake Fantasyland Frontierland Front Lot Future World Frozen Land Grizzly Peak Grand Avenue Holidayland Hollywood Land Hollywood Boulevard Liberty Square Lost River Delta Main Street , U.S.A. Mediterranean Harbor Mermaid Lagoon Mickey 's Toontown Mysterious Island Mystic Point Marvel Land New Orleans Square Oasis Pandora -- The World of Avatar Paradise Pier Port Discovery Production Courtyard Pixar Place Pixar Pier Paradise Park Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Sunset Boulevard Tomorrowland Toon Studio Toy Story Land World Showcase Disneyland Current attractions Former attractions Main Street , U.S.A. Disneyland Railroad Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln The Disney Gallery Main Street Cinema Main Street Vehicles Main Street windows Fantasyland Alice in Wonderland Casey Jr . Circus Train Dumbo the Flying Elephant Fantasyland Theatre It 's a Small World King Arthur Carrousel Mad Tea Party Matterhorn Bobsleds Mr. Toad 's Wild Ride Peter Pan 's Flight Pinocchio 's Daring Journey Pixie Hollow Sleeping Beauty Castle Snow White Grotto Snow White 's Scary Adventures Storybook Land Canal Boats Adventureland Walt Disney 's Enchanted Tiki Room Indiana Jones Adventure Jungle Cruise Tarzan 's Treehouse Tomorrowland Astro Orbitor Autopia Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters Disneyland Monorail Disneyland Railroad Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage Jedi Training : Trials of the Temple Space Mountain Space Mountain Ghost Galaxy Star Tours -- The Adventures Continue Star Wars Launch Bay Star Wars : Path Of The Jedi Frontierland Big Thunder Mountain Railroad Pirate 's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island Frontierland Shootin ' Exposition Golden Horseshoe Saloon Mark Twain Riverboat Sailing Ship Columbia New Orleans Square Disneyland Railroad Pirates of the Caribbean The Haunted Mansion Haunted Mansion Holiday Critter Country Splash Mountain Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh Mickey 's Toontown Chip ' n Dale Treehouse Donald 's Boat Disneyland Railroad Gadget 's Go Coaster Goofy 's Playhouse Mickey 's House and Meet Mickey Minnie 's House Roger Rabbit 's Car Toon Spin Future Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Entertainment The Dapper Dans Fantasmic ! Halloween Screams Believe ... In Holiday Magic Disney 's Celebrate America Fantasy in the Sky : Special New Years Eve Countdown Pixar Play Parade Together Forever - A Pixar Nighttime Spectacular seasonal Other Partners Disney 's Hollywood Studios Attractions Echo Lake For the First Time in Forever : A Frozen Sing - Along Celebration Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular ! Jedi Training : Trials of the Temple Star Tours -- The Adventures Continue Star Wars : Path Of The Jedi Grand Avenue Muppet * Vision 3D Pixar Place Toy Story Midway Mania ! Animation Courtyard Disney Junior -- Live on Stage ! Star Wars Launch Bay Voyage of the Little Mermaid Walt Disney Presents Sunset Boulevard Beauty and the Beast -- Live on Stage Fantasmic ! Rock ' n ' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror Entertainment Fantasmic ! Star Wars : A Galactic Spectacular Future areas and attractions Mickey & Minnie 's Runaway Railway Star Wars : Galaxy 's Edge Toy Story Land Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Galaxy%27s_Edge&oldid=843571732 '' Categories : Under construction amusement attractions Themed areas in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Disneyland Disney 's Hollywood Studios Attractions based on Star Wars Proposed buildings and structures in the United States Space in amusement parks 2019 architecture Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from February 2018 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français 日本 語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 May 2018 , at 01 : 07 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when will star wars land be finished at disneyland | ["\n\nStar Wars: Galaxy's Edge\n\n\n\n\n\n\nConcept art released in August 2015\n\n\n\nDisneyland\n\n\nCoordinates\n33°48′50″N 117°55′12″W\ufeff / \ufeff33.814°N 117.92°W\ufeff / 33.814; -117.92\n\n\nStatus\nUnder construction\n\n\nOpening date\nSummer 2019[1]\n\n\nReplaced\nBig Thunder Ranch\n\n\nDisney's Hollywood Studios\n\n\nCoordinates\n28°21′14″N 81°33′40″W\ufeff / \ufeff28.354°N 81.561°W\ufeff / 28.354; -81.561\n\n\nStatus\nUnder construction\n\n\nOpening date\nLate Fall 2019[1]\n\n\nReplaced\nStreets of America\n\n\nGeneral Statistics\n\n\nTheme\nStar Wars\n\n\nArea\n14 acres (5.7 ha)\n\n\nAttractions\n\n\nAttractions\n2 total\n\n"] | ['Summer 2019'] |
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Concept art released in August 2015
Disneyland
Coordinates
33°48′50″N 117°55′12″W / 33.814°N 117.92°W / 33.814; -117.92
Status
Under construction
Opening date
Summer 2019[1]
Replaced
Big Thunder Ranch
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Coordinates
28°21′14″N 81°33′40″W / 28.354°N 81.561°W / 28.354; -81.561
Status
Under construction
Opening date
Late Fall 2019[1]
Replaced
Streets of America
General Statistics
Theme
Star Wars
Area
14 acres (5.7 ha)
Attractions
Attractions
2 total
|
[question]: What is the name of the new Star Wars themed area being built at Disneyland?
[answer]: The new Star Wars themed area being built at Disneyland is called Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. | What is the name of the new Star Wars themed area being built at Disneyland? | The new Star Wars themed area being built at Disneyland is called Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. | 1 | 7.357762 | 16 | 69 | 1 |
14,426 | -5,661,814,246,170,869,000 | San Francisco 49ers | San Francisco 49ers - wikipedia San Francisco 49ers Jump to : navigation , search San Francisco 49ers Current season Established June 4 , 1944 ; 73 years ago ( June 4 , 1944 ) First season : 1946 Play in Levi 's Stadium Santa Clara , California Headquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center Santa Clara , California Logo Wordmark League / conference affiliations All - America Football Conference ( 1946 -- 1949 ) Western Division ( 1946 -- 1949 ) National Football League ( 1950 -- present ) Coastal Division ( 1950 -- 1970 ) National Football Conference ( 1970 -- present ) NFC West ( 1970 -- present ) Current uniform Team colors Red , Gold Mascot Sourdough Sam Personnel Chairman Denise DeBartolo York John York ( co-chairs ) CEO Jed York President Al Guido General manager John Lynch Head coach Kyle Shanahan Team history San Francisco 49ers ( 1946 -- present ) Team nicknames Niners Championships League championships ( 5 ) Super Bowl championships ( 5 ) 1981 ( XVI ) , 1984 ( XIX ) , 1988 ( XXIII ) , 1989 ( XXIV ) , 1994 ( XXIX ) Conference championships ( 6 ) NFC : 1981 , 1984 , 1988 , 1989 , 1994 , 2012 Division championships ( 19 ) NFC West : 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1981 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1997 , 2002 , 2011 , 2012 Playoff appearances ( 26 ) AAFC : 1949 NFL : 1957 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1981 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2001 , 2002 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 Home fields Kezar Stadium ( 1946 -- 1970 ) Candlestick Park ( 1971 -- 2013 ) Stanford Stadium ( 1989 , one game after Loma Prieta earthquake ) Levi 's Stadium ( 2014 -- present ) The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team located in the San Francisco Bay Area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) West division . The team currently plays its home games at Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California , located 45 miles ( 72 km ) southeast of San Francisco in the heart of Silicon Valley . Since 1988 , the 49ers have been headquartered in Santa Clara . The team was founded in 1946 as a charter member of the All - America Football Conference ( AAFC ) and joined the NFL in 1949 when the leagues merged . The 49ers were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco . The name `` 49ers '' comes from the prospectors who arrived in Northern California in the 1849 Gold Rush . The team is legally and corporately registered as the San Francisco Forty Niners . The team began play at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving across town to Candlestick Park in 1970 and then to Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara in 2014 . The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships between 1981 and 1995 , led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana , Jerry Rice , Ronnie Lott , Steve Young , and coach Bill Walsh . As of 2017 , the team has won six conference championships , with the first in 1981 and the last in 2012 . They have been division champions 19 times between 1970 and 2012 winning nearly back to back games during the late 80s and early 90s , making them one of the most successful teams in NFL history . The 49ers have been in the league playoffs 26 times : 25 times in the NFL and one time in the AAFC . The team has set numerous notable NFL records , including most consecutive road games won ( 18 ) , most consecutive seasons leading league scoring ( 1992 -- 95 ) , most consecutive games scored ( 1979 to 2004 ) , most field goals in a season ( 44 ) , fewest turn - overs in a season ( 10 ) , and most touchdowns in a Super Bowl . According to Forbes Magazine , the team is the 4th most - valuable team in the NFL , valued at $3 billion in July 2016 . In 2016 , the 49ers were ranked the 10th most valuable sports team in the world , behind basketball 's Los Angeles Lakers and above soccer 's Bayern Munich . Contents ( hide ) 1 Franchise history 1.1 1946 -- 1978 : Early years 1.2 1979 -- 1980 : Arrival of Bill Walsh and Joe Montana 1.3 1981 -- 1984 : First two Super Bowls 1.4 1985 -- 1987 : Arrival of Jerry Rice 1.5 1988 -- 1989 : Back - to - back Super Bowls 1.6 1990 -- 1993 : Unsuccessful Three - peat / Steve Young Steps in 1.7 1994 -- 1998 : Fifth Super Bowl 1.8 1999 -- 2002 : Ownership change 1.9 2003 -- 2010 : Struggles 1.10 2011 -- 2014 : Jim Harbaugh era 1.10. 1 Replacement of Candlestick Park 1.11 2015 -- 2016 : Post-Harbaugh struggles 1.12 2017 -- present : Arrival of Kyle Shanahan and Jimmy Garoppolo 2 Championships 2.1 Super Bowls 2.2 NFC championships 3 Logos and uniforms 3.1 Logo 3.2 Uniforms 4 Cheerleaders and mascot 4.1 Cheerleaders 4.2 Mascot 5 Rivalries 5.1 NFC West 5.1. 1 Los Angeles Rams 5.1. 2 Seattle Seahawks 5.1. 3 Arizona Cardinals 5.2 Battle of the Bay rivalry 5.2. 1 Oakland Raiders 5.3 Historic rivals 6 Season - by - season records 7 Players and personnel 7.1 Current roster and coaching staff 7.2 Pro Football Hall of Famers 7.3 Retired numbers 7.4 49ers in the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame 7.5 49ers Hall of Fame 7.6 Forty - Niner 10 - year club 7.7 Franchise leaders 8 Achievements 8.1 Individual awards 9 Radio and television 9.1 San Francisco 49ers radio broadcasters history 9.2 Radio affiliates 9.3 San Francisco 49ers preseason TV broadcasters history 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links Franchise history ( edit ) 49ers team headquarters in Santa Clara Main article : History of the San Francisco 49ers 1946 -- 1978 : early years ( edit ) The San Francisco 49ers , an original member of the new All - America Football Conference ( AAFC ) , were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco , and one of the first major league professional sports teams based on the Pacific Coast . The team joined the Los Angeles Rams of the rival National Football League as the first `` big four '' - sport playing in the Western United States in 1946 , eventually becoming part of the NFL themselves in 1950 . In 1957 , the 49ers enjoyed their first sustained success as members of the NFL . After losing the opening game of the season , the 49ers won their next three against the Rams , Bears , and Packers before returning home to Kezar Stadium for a game against the Chicago Bears on October 27 , 1957 . The 49ers fell behind the Bears 17 -- 7 . Tragically , 49ers owner Tony Morabito ( 1910 -- 1957 ) collapsed of a heart attack and died during the game . The 49ers players learned of his death at halftime when coach Frankie Albert was handed a note with two words : `` Tony 's gone . '' With tears running down their faces , and motivated to win for their departed owner , the 49ers scored 14 unanswered points to win the game , 21 -- 17 . Dicky Moegle 's late - game interception in the endzone sealed the victory . After Tony 's death 49er ownership went to Victor Morabito ( 1919 -- 1964 ) and Tony 's widow , Josephine V. Morabito ( 1910 -- 1995 ) . The 49ers special assistant to the Morabitos , Louis G. Spadia ( 1921 -- 2013 ) was named general manager . Joe Perry played for the 49ers for 14 seasons . During the decade of the 1950s the 49ers were known for their so - called `` Million Dollar Backfield '' , consisting of four future Hall of Fame members : quarterback Y.A. Tittle and running backs John Henry Johnson , Hugh McElhenny , and Joe Perry . They became the only full - house backfield inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . For most of the next 13 years , the 49ers hovered around . 490 , except for 1963 and 1964 when they went 2 -- 12 and 4 -- 10 respectively . Key players for these 49ers included running back Ken Willard , quarterback John Brodie , and offensive lineman Bruce Bosley . During this time the 49ers became the first NFL team to use the shotgun formation . It was named by the man who actually devised the formation , San Francisco 49ers ' coach Red Hickey , in 1960 . The formation , where the quarterback lines up seven yards behind the center , was designed to allow the quarterback extra time to throw . The formation was used for the first time in 1960 and enabled the 49ers to beat the Baltimore Colts , who were not familiar with the formation . In 1961 , primarily using the shotgun , the 49ers got off to a fast 4 -- 1 start , including two shutouts in back - to - back weeks . In their sixth game they faced the Chicago Bears , who by moving players closer to the line of scrimmage and rushing the quarterback , were able to defeat the shotgun and in fact shut out the 49ers , 31 -- 0 . Though the 49ers went only 3 -- 5 -- 1 the rest of the way , the shotgun eventually became a component of most team 's offenses and is a formation used by football teams at all levels . In 1962 , the 49ers had a frustrating season as they won only 6 games that year . They won only one game at Kezar Stadium while on the road they won five of seven games . After posting a losing record in 1963 . Victor Morabito died May 10 , 1964 , at age 45 . The 1964 season was another lost campaign . According to the 1965 49ers Year Book the co-owners of the team were : Mrs. Josephine V. Morabito Fox , Mrs. Jane Morabito , Mrs. O.H. Heintzelman , Lawrence J. Purcell , Mrs. William O'Grady , Albert J. Ruffo , Franklin Mieuli , Frankie Albert , Louis G. Spadia and James Ginella . The 1965 49ers rebounded nicely to finish with a 7 -- 6 -- 1 record . They were led that year by John Brodie , who after being plagued by injuries came back to become one of the NFL 's best passers by throwing for 3,112 yards and 30 touchdowns . In 1966 , the Morabito widows named Lou Spadia , team president . For the 1968 season , the 49ers hired as their head coach Dick Nolan , who had been Tom Landry 's defensive coordinator with the Dallas Cowboys . Nolan 's first two seasons with the 49ers had gone much the same as the previous decade , with the 49ers going 7 -- 6 -- 1 and 4 -- 8 -- 2 . The 49ers started out the 1970 season 7 -- 1 -- 1 , their only loss a one - point defeat to Atlanta . After losses to Detroit and Los Angeles , the 49ers won their next two games before the season finale against the Oakland Raiders . Going into the game the 49ers had a half - game lead on the Rams and needed either a win or the Giants to defeat the Rams in their finale to give the 49ers their first ever divisional title . In the early game the Giants were crushed by the Rams 31 -- 3 , thus forcing the 49ers to win their game to clinch the division . In wet , rainy conditions in Oakland , the 49ers dominated the Raiders , 38 -- 7 , giving the 49ers their first divisional title , making them champions of the NFC West . The 49ers won their divisional playoff game 17 -- 14 against the defending conference champion Minnesota Vikings , thus setting up a matchup against the Dallas Cowboys for the NFC championship . In the final home game for the 49ers at Kezar Stadium the 49ers kept up with the Cowboys before losing , 17 -- 10 , thus giving the Cowboys their first conference championship . The 49ers sent five players to the Pro Bowl that season , including MVP veteran quarterback John Brodie , wide receiver Gene Washington , and linebacker Dave Wilcox . Nolan was also named NFL Coach of the Year for 1970 . Following the 1970 season the 49ers moved from Kezar Stadium to Candlestick Park . Despite being located on the outskirts of the city , Candlestick Park gave the 49ers a much more modern facility with more amenities that was easier for fans to access by highway . The 49ers won their second straight divisional title in 1971 with a 9 -- 5 record . The 49ers again won their divisional playoff game , this time against the Washington Redskins by a 24 -- 20 final score . This set up a rematch against the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC championship game , this time played in Dallas . Though the defense again held the Cowboys in check , the 49ers offense was ineffective and the eventual Super Bowl champion Cowboys beat the 49ers again , 14 -- 3 . In 1971 , eight 49ers made the Pro Bowl , including defensive back Jimmy Johnson and Gene Washington , both for the second year in a row , as well as defensive end Cedric Hardman , running back Vic Washington , and offensive lineman Forrest Blue . The 49ers won their third consecutive NFC West title in 1972 with five wins in their last six games , making them the only franchise to win their first three divisional titles after the 1970 AFL -- NFL merger . Their opponents this time in the divisional playoffs were the Dallas Cowboys , making it the third consecutive year the teams faced each other in the playoffs . Vic Washington took the opening kickoff 97 yards for a score , and the 49ers took a 21 -- 6 lead in the second quarter . After the 49ers took a 28 -- 13 lead in the 4th quarter , Tom Landry sent quarterback Roger Staubach , who was backing up Craig Morton , into the game . Staubach quickly led the Cowboys on a drive to a field goal , bringing the score to within 28 -- 16 , and as the game wound down it appeared that this would be the last points the Cowboys would get . However , Dallas completed the comeback in the last two minutes . Just after the two - minute warning Staubach took just four plays to drive 55 yards in only 32 seconds , hitting Billy Parks on a 20 - yard touchdown pass to bring the score to 28 -- 23 . Cowboys kicker Toni Fritsch then executed a successful onside kick that was recovered by Mel Renfro , giving the Cowboys the ball at midfield with 1 : 20 left on the clock . With the 49ers on the ropes , Staubach scrambled for 21 yards , then completed a 19 - yard sideline pass to Billy Parks who went out of bounds at the 10 - yard line to stop the clock . Staubach then completed the comeback with a 10 - yard touchdown pass to Ron Sellers with only 52 seconds left , giving the Cowboys a dramatic 30 -- 28 victory and sending the 49ers to yet another crushing playoff defeat . The 49ers run at the top of the NFC West ended in 1973 with the 49ers falling to a 5 -- 9 record , their worst since 1969 . The team lost six of its last eight games , including games to the also - ran New Orleans Saints and Detroit Lions . In the final season of his career , longtime 49ers quarterback John Brodie split playing time with two other quarterbacks , most notably longtime backup Steve Spurrier . The team also suffered from not having a dominant running back , with Vic Washington leading the team with only 534 yards rushing . In 1974 , the 49ers drafted Wilbur Jackson from the University of Alabama to be the team 's primary back . Jackson enjoyed a fine rookie year , leading the 49ers with 705 yards rushing . He and fellow running back Larry Schreiber combined for over 1300 yards rushing . With Steve Spurrier injured and missing nearly the entire year , the 49ers did not have a regular quarterback but did put together a respectable 6 -- 8 record . Following the season , longtime tight end Ted Kwalick left the 49ers to join the World Football League , then the Oakland Raiders upon the WFL 's dissolution . The 49ers dropped to 5 -- 9 in what would be Dick Nolan 's final season as coach in 1975 , losing their final four games of the season . Wilbur Jackson was hurt much of the year and Delvin Williams led the 49ers in rushing with 631 yards rushing . Following the 1975 season the 49ers traded for New England Patriots quarterback Jim Plunkett , former Heisman Trophy winner from nearby Stanford University ( which was also the alma mater of John Brodie ) . Though Plunkett had shown promise with the Patriots , he had not won there and it was thought that he needed a change of scenery . Monte Clark was also brought on as 49ers head coach . The 49ers featured one of the best running games in the NFL in 1976 . Delvin Williams emerged as an elite back , gaining over 1200 yards rushing and made the Pro Bowl . Wilbur Jackson also enjoyed a resurgence , rushing for 792 yards . Once again Gene Washington was the team 's leading receiver with 457 yards receiving and six scores . The 49ers started the season 6 -- 1 for their best start since 1970 . Most of the wins were against second - tier teams , although the 49ers did shut out the Rams 16 -- 0 , in Los Angeles on Monday Night Football . In that game the 49ers recorded 10 sacks , including 6 by Tommy Hart . However , the 49ers lost four games in a row , including two against divisional rivals Los Angeles and Atlanta that proved fatal to their playoff hopes . Louis G. Spadia retired from the 49ers in 1977 upon the team 's sale to the DeBartolo Family . The team was sold to Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. in March 1977 , and despite finishing the season with a winning record of 8 -- 6 , Clark was fired after just one season by newly hired general manager Joe Thomas , who oversaw the worst stretch of football in the team 's history . Under coach Ken Meyer the 49ers lost their first five games of the 1977 season , including being shut out twice . Though they won five of their next six , they lost their last three games to finish the season 5 -- 9 . Playing in San Francisco did not revive Plunkett 's career as he had another disappointing season , throwing only 9 touchdown passes . Bright spots for the 49ers included defensive linemen Tommy Hart and Cleveland Elam , who made the Pro Bowl , and running backs Wilbur Jackson and Delvin Williams , who combined for over 1600 yards rushing . Gene Washington again led the team in receiving in 1977 , his final year with the 49ers . The 1977 offseason was marked by a number of questionable moves by Joe Thomas that backfired badly . Thomas 's big offseason acquisition was running back O.J. Simpson from the Buffalo Bills . As with Plunkett two years previously , it was thought that rescuing Simpson from a bad situation and bringing him to the west coast where he had been raised would rejuvenate his career . To create playing time for Simpson , Thomas traded Delvin Williams to the Miami Dolphins for wide receiver Freddie Solomon . Thomas also released Jim Plunkett , giving up on him after two seasons . Finally , Thomas fired Meyer after only one season , and replaced him with Pete McCulley , his third coach in three seasons . The 1978 season was a disaster for the 49ers , as they finished 2 -- 14 , their only wins coming against the Cincinnati Bengals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Simpson indeed led the team in rushing , but with less than 600 yards . It became apparent that Simpson 's knees and body were worn out , and he was near the end of his career . Wilbur Jackson also missed the entire season due to injury . Even worse for the franchise was that their first pick of the 1979 draft was traded to the Bills as part of the O.J. Simpson deal . Joe Thomas was fired following the season . Some of the key players that became part of the 49ers stunning rise began their 49ers career in 1978 . Rookie quarterback Steve DeBerg , Joe Montana 's first mentor , was the 49ers starting quarterback . Running back Paul Hofer and center / guard Randy Cross also started with the 49ers in 1978 . 1979 -- 1980 : arrival of Bill Walsh and Joe Montana ( edit ) The headquarters of The DeBartolo Corporation in Boardman , Ohio with the 49ers logo on the building , signifying the team 's ownership by the Youngstown - based DeBartolo - York family . The team was led in its turnaround from late 1970s doormat by new owner Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. and head coach Bill Walsh . The former head coach of Stanford University was known for stockpiling draft picks , making excellent draft selections , and patching roster holes by acquiring key free agents . Bill Walsh was hired to be the 49ers head coach in the 1978 off - season . Walsh was a disciple of Paul Brown , and served as Brown 's offensive coordinator with the Cincinnati Bengals from 1968 to 1975 . However , Brown did not appoint him as his successor upon his retirement , choosing another assistant , former 49ers center Bill `` Tiger '' Johnson . Desiring head coach experience , Walsh looked to Stanford University in 1977 . He had had some success there before the 49ers tapped him to be their replacement . Walsh is given credit for popularizing the ' West Coast offense ' . The Bill Walsh offense was actually created and refined while he was an assistant coach with the Bengals . The offense utilizes a short , precise , timed passing game as a replacement / augmentation of the running game . The offense is extremely difficult to defend against as it is content to consistently make 6 -- 8 - yard gains all the way down the field . ( The other West Coast offense -- more focused on the vertical , or downfield , passing game -- was actually created by 1960s L.A. / San Diego coach Sid Gillman , and San Diego State coach Don Coryell , who also employed a version of it as head coach of the St. Louis ( football ) Cardinals and San Diego Chargers during a period where it garnered the nickname `` Air Coryell '' . ) In Walsh 's first draft , the 49ers had targeted Notre Dame quarterback Joe Montana as an early round pick . Montana had enjoyed a storied college career , leading the Fighting Irish to the 1977 national title and a number of dramatic comeback victories , the most stunning of all being his final game , at the 1979 Cotton Bowl Classic . Playing the University of Houston in an ice storm , and with Montana suffering from a bad flu , Notre Dame was down 34 -- 10 in the third quarter . However , Montana led a magnificent rally that culminated with him throwing a touchdown pass on the game 's final play to give Notre Dame the 35 -- 34 win . Joe Montana in 2006 Despite this , most scouts did not peg Montana as a top prospect . Although 6'2 '' and 190 -- 200 lbs. , Montana 's arm strength was considered suspect as was the consistency of his play . Although he did get his share of the credit , most thought of him as a system player surrounded by a great team . In the 1979 draft , the Dallas Cowboys were placed just ahead of the 49ers . The Cowboys ' draft strategy through that time was to take the highest - ranked player on their draft board at the time of their selection , regardless of position . When the Cowboys ' turn came up in the third round , the highest rated player on their board was Montana . However , feeling that the quarterback position was in excellent long - term shape with Roger Staubach and Danny White , and desperately needing a tight end , the Cowboys went off their strategy and drafted Doug Cosbie . The 49ers took Montana . The 49ers other notable draft choice of the 1979 draft was wide receiver Dwight Clark in the 10th round . Walsh discovered the unheralded Clark while scouting quarterback Steve Fuller of Clemson University as Clark ran routes for Fuller during Walsh 's evaluation of the quarterback . Walsh 's serendipitous discovery of Clark proved to be an early glimpse into the coach 's keen eye for talent . As Walsh implemented his strategies and game plan , the 49ers had another year of losing , finishing 2 -- 14 like the previous season . There were , however , a number of bright spots . Despite throwing more interceptions ( 21 ) than touchdowns ( 17 ) , Steve DeBerg blossomed under Walsh , throwing for over 3600 yards and completing 60 % of his passes . Freddie Solomon also had a good year , with over 800 yards receiving . The running game was patchwork , with Paul Hofer leading the team with 615 yards and O.J. Simpson , in his final season , rushing for only 460 yards and being sidelined with injuries . The 49ers got off to a strong start in 1980 , winning their first three games of the season . However , the team , still maturing , lost their next eight games in a row . Many of those games though were close , and the 49ers acquitted themselves well . During the season Walsh alternated DeBerg and Montana at quarterback . Though DeBerg had played well for the 49ers , Walsh felt the team 's best chance to win in the long run was with Montana . He alternated the two quarterbacks , giving Montana some experience while keeping opponents off guard . This strategy of alternating quarterbacks from game to game and during games is rare in football , although it had been employed by other successful teams in the past , specifically the Dallas Cowboys of the early 1970s who alternated Roger Staubach and Craig Morton , and the Los Angeles Rams of the early 1949s alternating Norm Van Brocklin and Bob Waterfield . In all DeBerg started nine games , going 4 -- 5 with 1,998 yards , 12 touchdowns and 17 interceptions . Montana started seven games , going 2 -- 5 with 1,795 yards , 15 touchdowns , and nine picks ; Montana also had a better completion percentage at 64.6 to DeBerg 's 57.9 . The highlight of the 1980 season , and a sign of good things to come , came in Week 14 . The 49ers trailed the New Orleans Saints , who at the time were winless at 0 -- 13 , 35 -- 7 at halftime . However , led by Joe Montana , the 49ers made ( what was then ) the greatest comeback in NFL history , coming back to tie the score in regulation and winning the game in overtime with a field goal by Ray Wersching to give the 49ers an incredible 38 -- 35 victory . It was this game , which marked Montana 's first big NFL comeback win , that won Montana the quarterback job full - time . A number of key players emerged for the 49ers in 1980 . Among them were Dwight Clark , who led the 49ers with 82 receptions and just under 1,000 yards receiving , and running back Earl Cooper , who ran for over 700 yards . 1981 -- 1984 : first two Super Bowls ( edit ) See also : 1981 San Francisco 49ers season and The Catch ( American football ) The 49ers playing against the Bengals in Super Bowl XVI . With the offense playing well consistently , Walsh and the 49ers focused on overhauling the defense in 1981 . Walsh took the highly unusual step of overhauling his entire secondary with rookies and untested players , bringing on board Ronnie Lott , Eric Wright and Carlton Williamson and giving Dwight Hicks a prominent role . He also acquired veteran linebacker Jack `` Hacksaw '' Reynolds and veteran defensive lineman and sack specialist Fred Dean . These new additions , when added to existing defensive mainstays like Keena Turner , turned the 49ers into an offensively and defensively balanced , dominant team . After a 1 -- 2 start , the 49ers won all but one of their remaining games to finish with a 13 -- 3 record , up to this point in time it was the team 's best regular season win - loss record in its history . Dean made the Pro Bowl , as did Lott , and Hicks . Led by Montana , the unusual offense was centered on the short passing game , which Walsh used as ball control . Both Dwight Clark and Freddie Solomon had excellent years receiving ; Clark as the possession receiver , and Solomon as more of a deep threat . The 49ers running game , however , was among the weakest in the league . Ricky Patton led the 49ers with only 543 yards rushing . The 49ers ' most valuable running back , however , might have been Earl Cooper , whose strength was as a pass - catching back . The 49ers faced the New York Giants in the divisional playoffs and won , 38 -- 24 . This set up an NFC championship game match - up with the Dallas Cowboys , whom the 49ers historically could not beat during their playoff runs in the early 1970s . The 49ers played the Cowboys tough , but the Cowboys forced six turnovers and held the lead late . The 49ers were down 27 -- 21 and on their own 11 - yard line with 4 : 54 remaining . As Montana had done for Notre Dame and the 49ers so many times before , he led the 49ers on a sustained final 89 - yard drive to the Cowboys ' 6 - yard line . On a 3rd - and - 3 play , with his primary receiver covered , Montana rolled right and threw the ball off balance to Dwight Clark in the end zone , who leaped up and caught the ball to tie the game at 27 ( now known as `` The Catch '' ) , with the extra point giving the 49ers the lead . Despite this , the Cowboys had one last chance to win . On the first play of the next possession , Cowboys receiver Drew Pearson caught a pass from Danny White and got to midfield before he was pulled down by the jersey at the 49ers 44 - yard line by Cornerback Eric Wright saving a potential late - touchdown . On the next play , White was sacked by Lawrence Pillers and fumbled the ball , which was recovered by Jim Stuckey , giving the 49ers the win and a trip to their first ever Super Bowl against the Cincinnati Bengals , who were also in their first Super Bowl . In Super Bowl XVI The 49ers took a 20 -- 0 halftime lead and held on to win 26 -- 21 behind kicker Ray Wersching 's four field goals and a key defensive stand . Throughout the ' 81 season , the defense had been a significant reason for the team 's success , despite residing in the shadow of the then - innovative offense . Montana won MVP honors mostly on the strength of leading the 49ers on a 92 - yard , 12 play drive culminating in a touchdown pass to Earl Cooper . Thus did the 49ers complete one of the most dramatic and complete turnarounds in NFL history , going from a 2 -- 14 season followed by a 6 -- 10 season to a Super Bowl championship . The 1982 season was a bad one for the 49ers , as they lost all five games at Candlestick Park en route to a 3 -- 6 record in a strike - shortened season . This was the 49ers last losing season for the next 17 years . Joe Montana was the one highlight , passing for 2,613 yards in just nine games , highlighted by five straight games in which he broke the 300 - yard barrier . Roger Craig ( middle ) and Joe Montana ( right ) in Super Bowl XIX . In 1983 , the 49ers won their final three games of the season , finishing with a 10 -- 6 record and winning their 2nd NFC Western Divisional Title in three years . Leading the rebound was Joe Montana with another stellar season , passing for 3,910 yards and connecting on 26 touchdowns . In the NFC Divisional Playoffs , they hosted the Detroit Lions . The 49ers jumped out in front early and led 17 -- 9 entering the 4th quarter , but the Lions roared back , scoring two touchdowns to take a 23 -- 17 lead . However , Montana led a comeback , hitting wide receiver Freddie Solomon on a game - winning 14 - yard touchdown pass with 2 : 00 left on the clock to put the 49ers ahead 24 -- 23 . The game ended when a potential game - winning FG attempt by Lions kicker Eddie Murray missed . The next week , the 49ers came back from a 21 -- 0 deficit against the Washington Redskins in the NFC championship game to tie the game , only to lose , after a questionable defensive holding call , 24 -- 21 on a Mark Moseley field goal that sent the Redskins to Super Bowl XVIII . In 1984 , the 49ers had one of the greatest seasons in team history by finishing the regular season 15 -- 1 -- 0 , setting the record for most regular season wins that was later equaled by the 1985 Chicago Bears , the 1998 Minnesota Vikings , the 2004 Pittsburgh Steelers , the 2011 Green Bay Packers and finally broken by the 2007 New England Patriots ( with 16 regular season victories ) . Their 18 wins overall is also still a record , tied by the 1985 Bears and the 2007 New England Patriots ( they won 18 straight , but lost Super Bowl XLII to the New York Giants ) . The 49ers ' only defeat in the 1984 season was a 20 -- 17 loss to the Steelers ; a late field goal attempt in that game by San Francisco kicker Ray Wersching went off the uprights and was no good . In the playoffs , they beat the New York Giants 21 -- 10 , shut out the Chicago Bears 23 -- 0 in the NFC championship , and in Super Bowl XIX the 49ers shut down a record - setting year by NFL MVP Dan Marino ( and his speedy receivers Mark Clayton and Mark Duper ) , beating the Miami Dolphins 38 -- 16 . Their entire defensive backfield ( Ronnie Lott , Eric Wright , Dwight Hicks , and Carlton Williamson ) was elected to the Pro Bowl -- an NFL first . 1985 -- 1987 : arrival of Jerry Rice ( edit ) In the 1985 NFL Draft , the team received the 28th overall pick after winning the Super bowl the previous year . On draft day , the 49ers traded its first two picks for New England 's first - round choice , the 16th selection overall ( the teams also swapped third - round picks as part of the deal ) , and selected Jerry Rice from Mississippi Valley State . It was reported that the Dallas Cowboys , who had the 17th selection overall , were intending to pick him . In the 1985 season , the 49ers were not as dominant as in 1984 , finishing the regular season with a 10 -- 6 record and a wild card berth . Jerry Rice struggled at times ( dropping numerous passes ) , but he still impressed the NFL in his rookie season for the 49ers in 1985 , especially after a 10 - catch , 241 - yard game against the Los Angeles Rams in December . Rice was named NFC Offensive Rookie of the Year after recording 49 catches for 927 yards , and averaging 19.9 yards per catch , Roger Craig became the first NFL player to gain 1,000 yards rushing and 1,000 yards receiving in the same season . In the 1985 playoffs the 49ers were quickly eliminated from the playoffs by the New York Giants 17 -- 3 . In the 1986 NFL season the 49ers got off to a quick start after a 31 -- 7 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on opening day . But the win was costly ; Joe Montana injured his back and was out for two months , the injury was to a spinal disc in Montana 's lower back and required immediate surgery . The injury was so severe that Montana 's doctors suggested that Montana retire . On September 15 , 1986 , the 49ers placed Montana on the injured reserve list , Jeff Kemp became the starting quarterback , and the 49ers went 4 -- 3 -- 1 in September and October . Montana returned to the team on November 6 of that year . In his first game back from injury Montana passed for 270 yards and three touchdown passes in a 43 -- 17 49er victory against the St. Louis Cardinals . The 49ers caught fire , winning the next 5 of the final 7 games , including a 24 -- 14 win over the Los Angeles Rams , to clinch the NFC West title . Jerry Rice continued to show improvement from the previous season catching 86 passes for a league - leading 1,570 yards and 15 touchdowns . Montana was co-recipient of the 1986 NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award , which he shared with Vikings quarterback Tommy Kramer . However , the New York Giants would defeat the 49ers again in the playoffs , 49 -- 3 in the team 's worst post-season loss to date . Montana was again injured in the first half by a hit from the Giants ' Jim Burt . In the off - season , Bill Walsh was concerned about Montana 's health going forward , and with no reliable back - up at quarterback he completed a trade for Steve Young , then a quarterback with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . During the strike - shortened 1987 season , the 49ers had become one of the NFL 's elite teams once again with a league best 13 -- 2 . Joe Montana had a bounce back year after suffering from the injuries the previous year and being questioned by the media if he could still produce at a high level by throwing 31 touchdown passes , a career - high . He also set the NFL record for most consecutive pass attempts without an incomplete pass ( 22 ) , passed for 3,054 yards , and had a passer rating of 102.1 . Rice had established himself as an elite receiver , he caught 65 passes for 1,078 yards and a then NFL - record 22 touchdowns in just 12 games . 1987 was the second of six seasons in which Rice would lead the NFL in receiving and / or touchdown receptions , he was named Offensive Player of the Year . By the end of the regular season the 49ers were ranked No. 1 on both offense and defense and were heavy favorites to win the Super Bowl . However , they were stunned in the NFC Divisional Round losing to what was believed to be an inferior Minnesota Vikings team 36 -- 24 , their third straight playoff loss in a row . Joe Montana had one of his worst post-season games of his career , and was eventually benched during the game in favor of Steve Young , who scored a rushing touchdown and threw another . After the game Eddie DeBartolo stripped Walsh of the team president title . Dwight Clark retired that off - season . 1988 -- 1989 : back - to - back Super Bowls ( edit ) During the off - season , a quarterback controversy between Joe Montana and Steve Young had begun after Montana 's poor performance in the playoffs the previous year . Many speculated that the 1988 season would be his last year with the team . In the 1988 NFL season , the 49ers struggled to start the season ; Walsh would constantly switch QBs between Montana ( who suffered an elbow injury week 1 that would linger for most of the season ) and Young . At one point , they were 6 -- 5 and the team was in danger of missing the playoffs . Before week 11 , Ronnie Lott called a players - only meeting ; after the meeting the team came together and defeated the defending Super Bowl champion Washington Redskins in a Monday night game , Montana had fully recovered from his injury and retook the starting quarterback job as the team eventually finished the season at 10 -- 6 . They gained a measure of revenge by routing the Minnesota Vikings 34 -- 9 in the divisional playoffs . The 49ers then traveled to Chicago 's Soldier Field for the NFC championship against the Chicago Bears , where the wind chill factor at game time was - 26 ° . However , despite the weather , Joe Montana picked apart the Bears ' top - rated defense by scoring three touchdowns as the 49ers dominated the Bears with a 28 -- 3 victory , earning the team 's third trip to the Super Bowl , to go against the Cincinnati Bengals . In Super Bowl XXIII , despite numerous trips deep into Cincinnati territory by the 49ers , the game was tied 3 -- 3 at halftime . Early in the fourth quarter , Montana tied the score at 13 ; however , Cincinnati regained the lead on a Jim Breech field goal to put the Bengals ahead 16 -- 13 with just over three minutes left on the clock . Following the kickoff , and a holding penalty , the 49ers took over on their 8 - yard line with 3 : 08 left on the clock . Joe Montana began the final drive by stepping into the huddle and remarking to offensive tackle Harris Barton , during a television timeout , `` hey , there 's John Candy '' , as he pointed to the stands on the other side of the field . His calm demeanor reassured the 49ers , and he then engineered what some consider the greatest drive in Super Bowl history , as he drove the team 92 yards for the winning touchdown on a pass to John Taylor with only 34 seconds left , as they captured their third Super bowl championship with a score of 20 -- 16 . Jerry Rice was named Super Bowl MVP . After Super Bowl XXIII , Bill Walsh retired as head coach ; his defensive coordinator and handpicked successor , George Seifert , took over as head coach . In the 1989 NFL season , Joe Montana threw for 3,521 yards and 26 touchdowns , with only 8 interceptions , giving him a 112.4 quarterback rating , which was then the highest single - season passer rating in NFL history , and was named NFL Most Valuable Player . Jerry Rice , in his fifth year in the league , continued to dominate ; he led the league with almost 1490 receiving yards , and 17 touchdowns . The 49ers clinched their fourth straight division title , beating the Los Angeles Rams 30 -- 27 after a dramatic second - half comeback ; they finished 14 -- 2 , gaining home - field advantage throughout the playoffs . Their two losses were by a combined five points . In the divisional playoffs , they easily defeated the Vikings , 41 -- 13 . In the NFC championship game , they played against the Rams for a third time ; the previous two games were decided by a total of 4 points , but they were able to blow out the Rams 30 -- 3 earning another trip to the Super bowl , where they defeated the Denver Broncos in relatively easy fashion by a score of 55 -- 10 in Super Bowl XXIV -- setting a record for points scored and widest margin of victory in a Super Bowl . Montana himself set many Super Bowl records ( some since tied or surpassed ) en route to his third Super Bowl MVP . In winning the Super Bowl , the 49ers became the only team to win back - to - back Super Bowls under different head coaches . This 1989 championship team is often regarded as one of the most dominant teams in NFL history , winning three playoff games by a combined 100 points . 1990 -- 1993 : unsuccessful three - peat / Steve Young steps in ( edit ) 49ers wall of trophies at the Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center In 1990 , the 49ers won their first 10 games , and they eventually finished 14 -- 2 . They ripped through the season , and the coveted third consecutive Super Bowl victory seemed within reach . In the playoffs , the 49ers dispatched the Washington Redskins 28 -- 10 , setting up a conference championship game with the New York Giants . Despite not scoring a touchdown in the game , the Giants took advantage of a fourth - quarter injury to Montana and converted a faked punt attempt to thwart the 49ers attempt at a `` three - peat . '' The Giants kicked a last - second field goal after recovering a Roger Craig fumble in the final minutes of the game , winning 15 -- 13 and going on to win Super Bowl XXV . During their quest for a `` three - peat '' between 1988 and 1990 , the 49ers set a league record with 19 consecutive road victories . Joe Montana missed almost all of the following two seasons with a recurring elbow injury . Following the 1990 season , the 49ers left team stalwarts Roger Craig and Ronnie Lott unprotected and let them go to the Los Angeles Raiders via Plan B free agency . In 1991 , Steve Young injured the thumb on his throwing hand and later was sidelined with an injured knee . After 10 games , the 49ers had a record of 4 -- 6 . Backup quarterback Steve Bono helped the team win its next five games with Young sidelined . In the final game of the season , Monday night versus the NFC 's number two seed , Young returned and the 49ers beat the Chicago Bears 52 -- 14 , finishing 10 -- 6 . However , the team missed qualifying for the playoffs by virtue of losing the head - to - head tiebreaker to the Atlanta Falcons , which had beaten the 49ers on a last - second Hail Mary pass earlier in the season . The 1992 and 1993 seasons saw a resurgent 49er team under the leadership of Steve Young , but a subpar and aging defense could only take them to the NFC championship game before falling to the Dallas Cowboys each time . In 1992 , Joe Montana came back after missing almost two full seasons due to an elbow injury in his throwing arm , and started the second half of a Monday night game versus Detroit on December 28 , 1992 . With the 49ers clinging to a 7 -- 6 lead , Montana entered the game and looked as though he had not missed a single snap , completing 15 -- 21 for 126 yards and 2 TDs , as the 49ers defeated the Lions 24 -- 6 . The 49ers finished the 1992 season with a 14 -- 2 record and home field advantage in the playoffs . San Francisco defeated the Washington Redskins 20 -- 13 in the divisional playoff game , but lost to the Dallas Cowboys 30 -- 20 in the NFC championship at Candlestick Park . At the end of the 1992 season , partly fueled by media hype , the biggest quarterback controversy in football history was in full swing . After discussions with the owner and the coach , Montana asked for , and was granted , a trade to the Kansas City Chiefs prior to the 1993 season . Despite Eddie DeBartolo wanting Montana to stay and start , Montana realized that he and Young could not stay with the 49ers without a controversy . Montana was later quoted as saying , `` If I had stayed and started , there would have been problems . If I had stayed and Steve Young had started , there would have been problems . '' When Joe Montana left for Kansas City , Steve Young took over and had to fill some big shoes . Fans made it difficult as they had high hopes and if he did not fill those hopes , questions would be brought up from the fans as why would they get rid of Joe Montana . But with the 5th Super Bowl Win in 1994 that eliminated many of the fans questions if he was good enough . The 49ers finished the 1993 season , the team 's first without Joe Montana on the roster , with a 10 -- 6 record and no . 2 seed in the playoffs . San Francisco defeated the New York Giants 44 -- 3 in the divisional playoff game , but lost to the Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 21 in the NFC championship at Texas Stadium . 1994 -- 1998 : fifth Super Bowl ( edit ) A 49ers Super Bowl ring for Super Bowl XXIX . In 1994 , the team spent large amounts of money on the addition of several star free agents from other teams , including Ken Norton Jr. , Gary Plummer , Rickey Jackson , Bart Oates , Richard Dent , Charles Mann and Deion Sanders . Additionally , several rookie players made key contributions to the team , some becoming season - long starters such as defensive tackle Bryant Young , fullback William Floyd , and linebacker Lee Woodall . Due to injuries to the offensive line , the 49ers had some tough times early in the season , including a 40 -- 8 home loss to the Philadelphia Eagles , and a 24 -- 17 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs , led by former 49ers quarterback Joe Montana . Following the Eagles game , a poll conducted on local sports radio station KNBR showed that an overwhelming majority of 49er fans wanted head coach George Seifert fired . The game against the Eagles was a turning point for the 49ers despite the lopsided score . Young was benched in the 3rd quarter and was later seen livid on the sidelines , shouting profanities at Seifert . The following week in Detroit , the 49ers trailed the Lions 14 -- 0 . After throwing a pass , Young was hit , picked up , and driven into the ground by three Lions defenders . After the hit , Young was screaming with his face dark red in color . He crawled most of the way off of the field before refusing help from the trainers as he limped the remaining way off the field . He miraculously returned to the field one play later ( NFL rules state that after trainers attend to an injured player , that player must leave the field for at least one play ) to lead the 49ers to a 27 -- 21 victory . The team rallied around Young to win 10 straight games , including a 21 -- 14 victory over the two - time defending Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys . During that span the 49ers ' average margin of victory was nearly 20 points per game , a sustained dominance not seen since the 1985 Chicago Bears . Despite scoring only 8 points in one game and 14 in another , the 49ers set a new record for total regular season and post season combined points scored . That record was later broken by the New England Patriots in 2007 ( the 1998 Minnesota Vikings scored 556 regular season points , but only 68 post season points , for a total of 624 points , while the 1994 49ers scored 495 regular season points and 131 post season points for a total of 626 , the second highest mark in NFL history ) . Even after those initial rough spots early in the season , the 49ers finished the season 13 -- 3 and with home field advantage throughout the playoffs . In their first game , they easily defeated the Chicago Bears , 44 -- 15 , setting up the third straight 49ers -- Cowboys NFC championship game . The 49ers took advantage of three early Cowboys turnovers , taking a 21 -- 0 lead in the first quarter . Taking a 31 -- 14 lead into halftime after a perfect 29 - yard pass from Young to Rice in the closing seconds , the game appeared to be far out of reach for the Cowboys . But a 49er fumble on the opening kick of the 3rd quarter led to a Cowboy score , cutting the lead to 31 -- 21 . Later , the 49ers responded with a Steve Young touchdown run , making it 38 -- 21 , before the Cowboys scored another touchdown in the final minutes for a final score of 38 -- 28 . The convincing win qualified the 49ers for their fifth Super Bowl appearance , and the first to be played by two teams from California . The 49ers steamrolled the San Diego Chargers 49 -- 26 , at the time becoming the first team to win a record five Super Bowls . With a record 6 touchdown passes , Steve Young was named the game 's MVP . Their run of five Super Bowl wins in 14 seasons ( 1981 -- 1994 ) solidified them as one of the all - time greatest NFL teams . The 49ers made the playoffs in 1995 and again in 1996 , being eliminated by the Green Bay Packers both times in the Divisional Round . On January 17 , 1997 , George Seifert retired as 49ers head coach . On the same day as Seifert 's retirement , the 49ers hired Cal head coach Steve Mariucci as his replacement . At the time , Mariucci only had one year of head - coaching experience at any level . The first game of the 1997 season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers was a disaster , as both quarterback Steve Young and receiver Jerry Rice went down with injuries . Rice appeared to be out for the season with a serious knee injury , while Steve Young left the game with one of the many concussions he suffered throughout his career . However , the team overcame adversity : Steve Young returned two weeks later , and with the league 's number one defense , the 49ers finished the season with a 13 -- 3 record which included an 11 - game winning streak which was the longest by a rookie head coach at the time , and the 49ers became the quickest team in NFL history to clinch their division at the time . Rice returned for one and a half quarters in week 16 against the Denver Broncos , before getting another injury to his knee ( unrelated to the first one ) . In the playoffs the 49ers defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38 -- 22 , advancing to the NFC championship game for the first time since 1994 , where they again met the Green Bay Packers at Candlestick Park , but lost 23 -- 10 . During that season Eddie DeBartolo Jr. was involved in a corruption investigation regarding Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards and one of his Mississippi riverboat casinos . DeBartolo later pleaded guilty to a failure to report a felony charge in 1998 . He was suspended from active control of the 49ers for one year . His sister , Denise , and her husband , Dr. John York , took over operations of the team . In 1998 , Jerry Rice finally returned from his knee injury week 1 against the New York Jets , a game best remembered for running back Garrison Hearst 's 96 - yard touchdown run in overtime to win the game . The 49ers had the 2nd most productive offense in league history . Steve Young , who was questioned if his concussion history would put an end to his career , had his best season , throwing for 4,170 yards , 36 touchdowns and only 12 interceptions . A healthy Jerry Rice , 3rd - year player Terrell Owens , and 4th - year player J.J. Stokes became the first WR - trio in team history to catch at least 60 passes in the same season , Hearst ran for 1,570 yards and 7 touchdowns while averaging 5.1 yards per carry . The 49ers finished 12 -- 4 , their 16th straight winning season ( all with 10 wins or more ) , earning a wildcard berth . Once again , the 49ers faced the Green Bay Packers in the playoffs . Things looked bleak when the 49ers trailed 27 -- 23 in the waning seconds . However , in the game 's final moment , Young hit Terrell Owens ( who was having a terrible game up to that point ) on a dramatic , game - winning 25 - yard touchdown pass , dubbed by many as `` The Catch II '' . That put the 49ers ahead 30 -- 27 with just three seconds left on the game clock , sealing the win . After finally beating the Packers , the 49ers went on to lose to the eventual NFC champion Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional round 20 -- 18 , in a game that was marked by Hearst suffering a gruesome broken ankle on the first play from scrimmage . 1999 -- 2002 : ownership change ( edit ) DeBartolo returned from his suspension in 1999 , but a series of lawsuits over control of the family 's vast holdings led him to surrender controlling interest to the Yorks as part of a 2000 settlement . Denise York became chairwoman of the board , while John York became CEO . On the field , the 1999 49ers got off to a 3 -- 1 start , then in a nationally televised Monday Night Football game against the Arizona Cardinals , Steve Young suffered a blindside hit from cornerback Aeneas Williams that knocked him out of the game and eventually convinced him to retire . At the time it was believed the severe hit ended his career but Young later said in interviews he could have come back to play another season or two . After meeting with then - general manager Bill Walsh and being told about how the salary cap troubles would make the team non-competitive , Young chose to retire rather than risk his long - term health further for a likely losing club . Without their future Hall of Famer , 29 - year - old rookie Jeff Garcia took over as starting quarterback , but he would be benched for poor performances in favor of Steve Stenstrom . Garcia would be reinstated as the starting quarterback and in the final 5 games of the regular season . The 49ers lost 11 of their last 12 games , and suffered their first losing season in a non-strike year since 1980 , which was also the last time that the 49ers did not win at least ten or more games in a season . Bobb McKittrick , 49ers offensive line coach since 1979 , also died of cancer following the 1999 season . Before the 2000 season Jeff Garcia was named the starting quarterback despite the 49ers drafting two quarterbacks ( Giovanni Carmazzi in the third round and Tim Rattay in the seventh ) . Garcia kept the starting job throughout the season and showed drastic improvement from the previous year . He broke a franchise record for most passing yards in one season , with 4,278 passing yards and 31 touchdowns and only 10 interceptions . Garcia and Terrell Owens , who established himself as the team 's number - one receiver , both earned their first Pro Bowl selections . However , the 49ers finished 6 -- 10 , missing the playoffs for the second straight season for the first time since 1979 and 1980 , due to a defense that gave up 26.4 points per game and a total of 422 points . The 2000 season was Jerry Rice 's final year with the 49ers ; he played 16 seasons with the team . In the 2001 season the 49ers established themselves as a playoff team once again after two down years . They finished with a 12 -- 4 record and a wildcard berth . A quarter of their wins came in 4th - quarter comebacks . Their defense also had a bounce - back year , going from the 28th - ranked defense in 2000 , to the 9th - ranked . Terrell Owens had become Jeff Garcia 's favorite target . Garrison Hearst , who had been forced to retire from football after breaking his ankle in the 1998 divisional playoffs , finally returned to the line - up after over two years of rehabilitation . He became the first player in NFL history to come back to football after suffering avascular necrosis . He had an excellent season , rushing for 1,206 yards on a 4.8 average . His comeback earned him the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award . In the final 6 weeks of the season the 49ers defense shut out 3 teams ( the Buffalo Bills , Miami Dolphins , and New Orleans Saints ) , and had one of the most stupendous goal - line stands against the Philadelphia Eagles . In the team 's first playoff game in 2 years , they played against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field in the NFC Wild Card , but lost 25 -- 15 . The 2002 NFL season began with the divisional realignment . The 49ers gained two new divisional rivals , the Seattle Seahawks and Arizona Cardinals , while former divisional foes Atlanta Falcons , New Orleans Saints , and Carolina Panthers moved to the newly formed NFC South . The team 's production dropped from the previous year . Jeff Garcia went from having 31 and 32 TDs in the previous 2 seasons , to only 21 in 2002 . The 49ers defense struggled at times , dropping from the 9th - ranked defense in the previous season to the 19th - ranked . Even though the team did not have the same success as they did in the 2001 regular season , the 49ers won the NFC West for the first time since 1997 , with the division - clinching game coming on a last - second TD pass to Terrell Owens against the Dallas Cowboys . The 49ers finished 10 -- 6 . In the 2002 -- 03 NFL playoffs they hosted the New York Giants in the 2002 NFC Wild Card . The Giants had a 38 -- 14 lead late in the third quarter ; however , the Giants defense , which had been highly ranked all year , began to collapse , and by the final minute in the 4th quarter Jeff Garcia had led the team back from the 24 - point deficit to take a 1 - point lead . Giants quarterback Kerry Collins then led a drive in the game 's final minute to put the Giants at the 49ers ' 23 - yard line with six seconds left for a shot at a game - winning field goal . Long snapper Trey Junkin , who had been signed by the Giants that week , made a bad snap , so holder Matt Allen attempted a desperate pass down the field , which fell incomplete , but there was a flag on the play . The initial thought by spectators and the Giants was that pass interference had clearly been committed by the 49ers defense , but the flag was against the Giants for an ineligible receiver , so the game was over . The next day , the NFL admitted that the referee had blown the call , that the 49ers had indeed committed pass interference , and that the down should have been replayed . A press conference was held and a reporter asked 49ers head coach Steve Mariucci about his thoughts on the NFL saying they blew the call , and he replied : `` Bummer . '' It was the second - biggest comeback victory in NFL playoff history , with the 49ers winning 39 -- 38 . The 49ers lost the next week to the eventual Super Bowl champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the Divisional round , 31 -- 6 . This was the last postseason appearance for the 49ers until the 2011 -- 12 playoffs . Steve Mariucci , whose published statements about his degree of power in the organization had frayed already - strained relations with management , was fired by John York , despite a winning record . 2003 -- 2010 : struggles ( edit ) Then - Oregon State head coach Dennis Erickson was signed to a five - year contract to replace Mariucci . The hiring of Erickson was highly criticized by the fans and the media , as Erickson 's offensive philosophy was very different from the West Coast offense . The 2003 season was one of turmoil for the 49ers . While the Niners started the season with a 49 -- 7 demolishing of Chicago , the team quickly began to unravel afterwards , as the relationship between Garcia and Owens turned sour upon Garcia taking issue with Owens 's public praise for the play of backup quarterback Tim Rattay . Garcia responded with a cryptic remark of `` we can not let the sickness spread '' ; in response , Owens wore a surgeon 's mask at the following practice . The team was also ravaged by injuries to key players on both sides of the ball ; the often reckless play of Jeff Garcia started to take a toll on him , as he was forced to miss 3 games during the season . The 49ers finished 7 -- 9 and missed the playoffs . Despite this disappointing result , Erickson was retained as coach for the 2004 season . Owens ' on - and off - field antics led to the 49ers trading him to the Philadelphia Eagles during the offseason . Several other key 49er players were released due to salary cap concerns , including Garcia and Hearst . The team finished the 2004 season with a 2 -- 14 record , tying a franchise worst and finishing last in the NFC West for the first time since 1979 , ending what had been the NFL 's longest active streak for not finishing last in a division . With the worst record in the NFL the team secured the rights to the first pick in the NFL Draft . Dennis Erickson and general manager Terry Donahue were fired . 49ers ' former running back Frank Gore in action against the St. Louis Rams in 2007 After an extensive coaching search , the 49ers hired the defensive coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens Mike Nolan as their head coach . Nolan was the son of Dick Nolan , who had led the team to three consecutive playoff appearances from 1970 to 1972 . The 49ers did not hire a general manager . In Mike Nolan 's first draft as head coach , he selected quarterback Alex Smith from the University of Utah with the first overall pick of the 2005 NFL Draft . It was a pick predicted by most , though many thought the 49ers might select local product Aaron Rodgers of the University of California . Alex Smith 's rookie season was a disaster , producing only one touchdown against eleven interceptions . The team finished 4th in the NFC West for the second consecutive year , with a 4 -- 12 record . This earned the 49ers the 6th pick in the 2006 NFL Draft which they used to draft tight end Vernon Davis . Alex Smith and the team improved greatly in 2006 , led by second year player Frank Gore from the University of Miami . Gore ran for a franchise record of 1,695 rushing yards , which led the NFC , along with 8 TDs . He was awarded his first Pro Bowl appearance . They also swept division rival and defending NFC Champion , Seattle Seahawks , and kept the Denver Broncos from a playoff berth in the last game of the season . However , the team finished 7 -- 9 , their fourth consecutive losing season . 49ers ' former quarterback Alex Smith In the off - season , the 49ers signed cornerback Nate Clements and safety Michael Lewis to improve their secondary . Clement 's contract was worth $80 million for eight years , the largest contract given to a defensive player in NFL history at the time . In the NFL Draft , the 49ers made another key addition to their defense , selecting middle linebacker Patrick Willis with the 11th overall pick . Willis would eventually be named the 2007 AP NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year . Before the beginning of the 2007 season , Hall of Fame coach Bill Walsh died of complications from leukemia . The 49ers started the season 2 -- 0 , for the first time since 1998 . In the fourth game of the season , against the Seattle Seahawks , Alex Smith suffered a separated shoulder on the third play of the game , an injury that severely hampered his play and ultimately led to an early end to his 2008 campaign after having shoulder surgery . Chiefly due to back up quarterback Trent Dilfer 's struggles and Alex Smith 's injury , the 49ers lost eight straight consecutive games from week three through week twelve , ending the year with a disappointing 5 -- 11 record . Questions were raised about the future of Alex Smith , whose first three seasons had been plagued by inconsistent play , injuries , and never having had the same offensive coordinator from one year to the next . Head coach Mike Nolan and new offensive coordinator Mike Martz stated that a competition between Smith , Shaun Hill , and NFL journeyman J.T. O'Sullivan would run through the first two preseason games of 2008 . O'Sullivan was named the 49ers starter because of his familiarity with the Martz offense and after performing better than Smith or Hill in the first three preseason games . On October 20 , 2008 , after a 2 -- 5 start , Mike Nolan was fired . Assistant head coach Mike Singletary , a Hall of Fame linebacker with the Chicago Bears , was named as the interim head coach . Singletary proved to be a fan favorite when after his first game as head coach he delivered a memorable post game interview . Singletary said of their loss : `` ... right now , we 've got to figure out the formula . Our formula . Our formula is this : We go out , we hit people in the mouth . '' The team went 5 -- 4 overall under Singletary , winning five of its final seven games and ending the season with a 7 -- 9 record . After the last game of the season , Singletary was named permanent head coach by Jed York , who had been appointed as team president just days before . Jed York is the oldest son of John York and Denise DeBartolo York . The offense of the 49ers in 2007 . Quarterback Trent Dilfer is wearing # 12 . On April 25 , 2009 , the 49ers selected Texas Tech WR Michael Crabtree , a player many people thought would go in the top five , with the 10th pick in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft . The 2009 training camp became the first since 2005 that the 49ers failed to have all drafted rookies signed and in training camp on time , as Crabtree held out trying to reach a contract . He finally reached a contract agreement on October 7 , 2009 , having missed the first four games of the regular season . The 49ers posted an 8 -- 8 record after a frustrating season , losing only 2 games by more than a touchdown . Nevertheless , it was the team 's first non-losing season since 2002 . Despite missing the playoffs for the seventh straight season , several key players showed signs of improvement . Alex Smith regained his role as the 49ers ' starting quarterback ( after Shaun Hill had won the starting job in training camp ) , passing for more than 2,000 yards with 19 touchdowns , while Frank Gore collected his fourth consecutive 1,000 - yard season , a 49ers record . Safety Dashon Goldson showed signs of potential in his first year as full - time starter , as he tallied 94 tackles , four interceptions , three forced fumbles , and two sacks . Vernon Davis in particular had a breakthrough year at tight end , earning Pro Bowl honors with 965 yards and 13 touchdowns ( tying the NFL record for his position ) . 2010 saw five 49ers go to the Pro Bowl : Patrick Willis , Vernon Davis , Frank Gore , Justin Smith , and punter Andy Lee . The 2010 season started with the 49ers heavy favorites to win the NFC West after Cardinals QB Kurt Warner retired early in the offseason , but the season was a disaster . They started 0 -- 5 , their worst start since the dark days of 1979 . In week 3 , the 49ers fired offensive coordinator Jimmy Raye , who had been hand - picked by Singletary in the 2009 offseason . Starting safety Michael Lewis demanded to be released after he was demoted in favor of rookie safety Taylor Mays . By mid-season , Singletary was switching QBs between Alex Smith and Troy Smith , who had been picked up in free agency after the preseason , but with little effect . On December 27 , 2010 , the 49ers fired Mike Singletary as head coach , naming defensive line coach Jim Tomsula as interim head coach for the last game of the season , where despite crushing the Cardinals 38 -- 7 , they finished a sad and disappointing 6 -- 10 and missed the playoffs yet again . 2011 -- 2014 : Jim Harbaugh era ( edit ) On January 4 , 2011 , Jed York promoted interim General Manager Trent Baalke to be the permanent general manager . Baalke had taken over the role after former general manager Scot McCloughan was relieved of his duties the year before . Two days later , on January 7 , 2011 , former head coach of Stanford University Jim Harbaugh was named the 49ers new head coach . In the 2011 NFL Draft , the 49ers selected defensive end / linebacker Aldon Smith from the University of Missouri with the seventh pick of the first round . The 49ers also selected quarterback Colin Kaepernick from the University of Nevada , Reno with the 36th overall pick in the second round . In 2011 , Jim Harbaugh was named the new head coach of the 49ers . After the end of a labor dispute that nearly threatened to postpone or cancel the 2011 season the 49ers made a controversial decision to re-sign Alex Smith to a one - year $4.8 million contract . Because of the decision to retain Smith , and a shortened offseason with an entirely new coaching staff being hired , the team was expected to be among the league 's worst by NFL prognosticators . Despite this , Harbaugh 's first season was a huge success . After 10 weeks the 49ers were 9 -- 1 , highlighted by road wins against the Philadelphia Eagles , where the team came back from a 20 - point deficit in the second half , and the previously unbeaten Detroit Lions . The 49ers defense became one of the most intimidating in the league , particularly against the run -- not allowing a 100 - yard rusher or a single rushing touchdown until week 16 of the regular season . Alex Smith blossomed in the new system , reviving his career while playing for yet another new offensive coordinator -- his sixth in six years . In week 13 the 49ers won the NFC West with a victory against the St. Louis Rams , finally ending their nine - year playoff drought . The 49ers finished the season with a 13 -- 3 record , earning the second overall seed in the NFC Playoffs . In the Divisional Playoffs they defeated the New Orleans Saints 36 -- 32 after a touchdown pass from Alex Smith to Vernon Davis in the closing seconds of the game . The team reached the NFC championship for the first time since 1997 , and faced the New York Giants . They lost to the Giants with a 20 -- 17 score in overtime after two critical fumbles by backup return man Kyle Williams , ending their 2011 season with disappointment but great promise . In 2012 , the 49ers were predicted to be the NFC West champions and possibly make a run for the Super Bowl . Starting the season 6 -- 2 , the 49ers went on to face the rival St. Louis Rams in Week 10 . Alex Smith suffered a concussion in the second quarter and exited the game . He was replaced by 2011 second - round pick Colin Kaepernick , who led the 49ers back to tie the game . The next week , Kaepernick and the 49ers blew out the Chicago Bears 32 -- 7 , and Harbaugh chose Kaepernick as the starter next week against the New Orleans Saints , despite Smith being cleared to play . A quarterback controversy began . Despite Smith leading the NFL in completion percentage ( 70 % ) and passer rating ( 104.1 ) , Kaepernick was considered more dynamic with his scrambling ability and arm strength . Kaepernick eventually started the rest of the season , going 5 -- 2 . Kaepernick set the record for rushing yards for a quarterback in the playoffs with 181 rushing yds against the Green Bay Packers . The 49ers defeated the Packers and Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs and advanced to Super Bowl XLVII , but were denied their sixth Super Bowl win against the Baltimore Ravens , who were coached by John Harbaugh , 34 -- 31 . The top performers were : passing : C. Kaepernick ( SF ) -- 302 YDS , 1 TD , 1 INT ; rushing : F. Gore ( SF ) -- 19 CAR , 110 YDS , 1 TD ; receiving : M. Crabtree ( SF ) -- 5 REC , 109 YDS , 1 TD . Another storyline towards the end of the 2012 season was the reliability of kicker David Akers . Towards the end of the season , he began to show signs of decline , missing one field goal of 20 -- 30 yards , two field goals of 30 -- 40 yards , and six field goals of 40 -- 50 yards for a below - average conversion percentage of 69 % . Akers was released on March 6 , 2013 . Shortly afterwards , the 49ers signed veteran kicker Phil Dawson . The 49ers would also trade a sixth round draft pick for wide receiver Anquan Boldin from the Baltimore Ravens , the team that had beaten them in the Super Bowl . The 49ers finished 12 -- 4 in the 2013 regular season and enter the playoffs as a wildcard , with their first game at Lambeau Field against the Green Bay Packers . On January 5 , 2014 , San Francisco 49ers defeated Green Bay Packers 23 -- 20 . On January 12 , 2014 , the 49ers defeated the Carolina Panthers 23 -- 10 , thus advancing to their third straight NFC championship game . However , the 49ers ' season ended at CenturyLink Field in Seattle , when a pass intended for Michael Crabtree was tipped by cornerback Richard Sherman and intercepted by linebacker Malcolm Smith , losing to the Seattle Seahawks , 23 -- 17 . After the Niners had their first 8 -- 8 season in 4 years , which included losses to the Bay Area rival Oakland Raiders , Chicago Bears , and St. Louis Rams , the collapse of a once - dominant offensive line , failing to reach the playoffs , Harbaugh and the 49ers decided to part ways on December 28 , 2014 , after the season 's final game , against the Arizona Cardinals , which the 49ers won 20 -- 17 . Replacement of Candlestick Park ( edit ) Main article : Levi 's Stadium On November 8 , 2006 , reports surfaced that the 49ers ended negotiations with the city of San Francisco about building a new stadium and plan to do so in Santa Clara , a suburb of San Jose , California ; Santa Clara already hosts the team 's administrative headquarters and training facility . The Yorks and then - San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom had been talking over the last few months about building a privately financed stadium at Candlestick Point that was intended to be part of the city 's bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics . The 49ers ' final decision to move the stadium ended the San Francisco bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics . San Francisco , Los Angeles , and Chicago were the three cities competing to be the U.S. Olympic Committee 's choice to bid on the 2016 games , with Chicago emerging as the eventual victor . The 49ers sponsored Measure J , which appeared on the June 8 , 2010 Santa Clara ballot , to build a new stadium as the future home of the San Francisco 49ers in that city . The measure passed with 58.2 % of the total vote . This was seen as the first step for the 49ers stadium relocation to a new venue to be built in Santa Clara . The 68,490 - seat venue , Levi 's Stadium , landed rights for its first event . The stadium will be home to the Fight Hunger Bowl . On the 49ers website , the team 's owner , businessman John York had a letter stating that after a stadium is constructed in Santa Clara , the team would retain its name `` San Francisco '' even though the team would no longer be located within Metro San Francisco . United States Senator Dianne Feinstein and other leaders threatened an attempt to prevent the team from using `` San Francisco '' or the `` 49ers '' in the team name , but probably would not have succeeded without changes to state or federal law . Because of the team moving to Santa Clara ( which is adjacent to San Jose , which is larger than San Francisco by 145,000 residents , and 30 miles from San Francisco ) , the 49ers now become the only current ( and possibly at any time ) team in any major or minor league sport in the U.S. to use the moniker of a city further way ( San Francisco ) from the stadium / arena than a closer city with a higher population ( San Jose ) . York later confirmed in a press conference on November 9 , 2011 , that the team would build a new state of the art stadium in Santa Clara in time for the 2014 season . Groundbreaking for the new stadium took place on April 19 , 2012 . On May 8 , 2013 , the NFL 's San Francisco 49ers announced that San Francisco - based Levi Strauss & Co. had purchased the naming rights to their new stadium in Santa Clara . The naming rights deal calls for Levi 's to pay $220.3 million to the city of Santa Clara and the 49ers over 20 years , with an option to extend the deal for another five years for around $75 million . 2015 -- 2016 : post-harbaugh struggles ( edit ) Jim Tomsula was hired on January 14 , 2015 to replace Jim Harbaugh . Subsequently , Geep Chryst was promoted to offensive coordinator and Eric Mangini was hired as defensive coordinator . On March 10 , 2015 , All - Pro linebacker Patrick Willis announced his retirement from the NFL due to repeated injuries to both feet . A week later on March 17 , linebacker Chris Borland , Patrick Willis ' presumed replacement , announced his retirement from the NFL due to fears of the effects of head trauma . These two retirements left the 49ers linebackers position group weakened as they headed into an offseason under first year head coach Jim Tomsula . Two other developments during the 49ers off season , the retirements of starters DE Justin Smith , and RT Anthony Davis , and the uncertainty of LB Aldon Smith 's availability due to his legal issues . The 49ers signed running back Reggie Bush , wide receiver Torrey Smith , and defensive tackle Darnell Dockett . On January 4 , 2016 , the 49ers fired Tomsula after he led them to a 5 -- 11 record . On January 14 , 2016 , Chip Kelly was hired as head coach . Kelly 's tenure began with an emphatic 28 -- 0 victory over the Los Angeles Rams on Monday Night Football . However , the team went on to lose 13 straight games until they narrowly defeated the Rams 22 -- 21 on December 24 , 2016 . On October 21 , 2016 , in an ESPN ranking of professional sports franchises , the 49ers were ranked the worst franchise in North America . The 49ers ended up firing Kelly and Baalke following the conclusion of the regular season , finishing with a 2 -- 14 record . 2017 -- present : arrival of Kyle Shanahan and Jimmy Garoppolo ( edit ) After hiring John Lynch as general manager and Kyle Shanahan as head coach , the Niners started the 2017 season with nine consecutive losses . After a win over the New York Giants and a loss to the Seattle Seahawks , the 49ers traded for New England Patriots backup quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo . They won their next five games with Garoppolo at the helm and finished the season 6 -- 10 . Championships ( edit ) Super Bowls ( edit ) The 49ers have won a total of 5 Super Bowls . They won their first 3 under Bill Walsh . Walsh retired after winning his 3rd in 1988 , but first year head coach George Seifert did n't miss a beat , winning the Super Bowl in his very first year in 1989 . He would also win one more in 1994 . Year Coach Super Bowl Location Opponent Score Record 1981 Bill Walsh XVI Pontiac , Michigan Cincinnati Bengals 26 -- 21 16 -- 3 1984 Bill Walsh XIX Stanford , California Miami Dolphins 38 -- 16 18 -- 1 1988 Bill Walsh XXIII Miami Cincinnati Bengals 20 -- 16 13 -- 6 1989 George Seifert XXIV New Orleans Denver Broncos 55 -- 10 17 -- 2 1994 George Seifert XXIX Miami San Diego Chargers 49 -- 26 16 -- 3 Total Super Bowls won : 5 NFC championships ( edit ) Year Coach Location Opponent Score Record 1981 Bill Walsh San Francisco Dallas Cowboys 28 -- 27 16 -- 3 1984 Bill Walsh San Francisco Chicago Bears 23 -- 0 18 -- 1 1988 Bill Walsh Chicago Chicago Bears 28 -- 3 13 -- 6 1989 George Seifert San Francisco Los Angeles Rams 30 -- 3 17 -- 2 1994 George Seifert San Francisco Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 28 16 -- 3 2012 Jim Harbaugh Atlanta Atlanta Falcons 28 -- 24 13 -- 4 -- 1 Total NFC championships won : 6 Logos and uniforms ( edit ) Main article : Logos and uniforms of the San Francisco 49ers Logo ( edit ) The original 49ers logo was a mustached 49er gold miner from the 1849 California Gold Rush , dressed in plaid pants and a red shirt , jumping in midair with his hat falling off , and firing pistols in each hand : one nearly shooting his foot , and the other pistol forming the word `` Forty - Niners '' from its smoke . An alternate logo with a shield - shaped crest formed from the number `` 49 '' , with a football in the upper right quadrant and `` SF '' in the lower left quadrant was created in 1965 and used for marketing purposes until 1972 . From 1962 , the 49ers ' logo has been the iconic `` SF '' within the center of a red oval ; throughout the years the logo has had minor modifications , such as a black outlining on the intertwined `` SF '' that was added in 1989 and a gold trimming inside the oval that was added in 1996 . Uniforms ( edit ) The evolution of the 49ers ' uniform , 1946 -- present The San Francisco 49ers currently have two different uniforms : red and gold home uniforms and white , red , and gold road uniforms . However , the 49ers have changed uniform designs and color combinations quite often throughout their history . From the team 's inception in 1946 , they wore dark or cardinal red , switching to scarlet red jerseys and gold pants for the 1948 season , with a gold helmet with one red stripe , with solid red socks and pants with no stripes . Entering the 1949 season , the first in the NFL , the 49ers adopted three stripes to their red jerseys , wearing gold helmets and pants , with no stripes and red socks with three white stripes . In the 1953 , ' 54 , and ' 55 seasons , the 49ers wore red helmets with a gold stripe in the middle , with silver pants with one single stripe of red . The socks also added the three stripes similar to the jersey 's . 1955 was also unique in that the 49ers wore white pants with a black stripe bounded by two red stripes , and shadow drop numbers on their red jerseys , with black shadow drop borders on the white numerals . The following season , 1956 , the team wore white helmets with no stripes , and white pants with a red stripe . In 1957 the 49ers wore red jerseys , a gold helmet with no stripes , and gold pants with no stripes ; for the first time the 49ers wore white on the road , as dictated by the NFL for all teams , to have at least one team wearing a light colored jersey during games . The first white jersey had two red stripes with a gold in the middle , as was their road socks : white , with two red stripes and gold in the middle . San Francisco wore red and gold in 1958 as well , with their white jersey having a single shoulder loop stripe , as well as adding TV numbers to the sleeves of their home and away jerseys . And in contrast to the socks at home , red with three red stripes , the away socks were solid red . In 1959 the team switched to red and platinum gold ( looking more like silver ) , and for the next several years afterwards , with their white jerseys having double shoulder loop stripes ( mimicking UCLA 's ) , but continuing with the three white stripes on the sleeves above the elbow and below the TV numbers , with the red home jerseys . In 1960 , the team added `` Northwestern '' red stripes to their helmets ( a thicker middle stripe bordered by two thinner stripes ) , and that changed in 1962 , with the addition of the helmet design the team has mostly worn since : white stripe bounded by two red , with the red oval and SF logo on the sides of the helmet . In 1964 the team 's colors then changed again . All silver elements were changed to what was called `` 49er Gold ; '' helmets were gold . New beige - gold pants with a red - white - red tri-stripe in the same style as the helmet were introduced . Uniform 's basic design would be worn for practically the next 30 seasons with only some minor changes and adjustments , such as a gradual change over from sans - serif to serifed block numerals from 1970 to 1974 and a switch from thin stripes to a very thick pant striping in 1976 ( during which white jerseys were also worn at home for most of that season ) . The uniform ensemble of red and white jerseys , and beige - gold pants with thick striping were worn until 1995 with a few minor changes . During the 1994 season , many NFL teams wore `` throwback uniforms '' on occasional games to celebrate the NFL 's 75th anniversary ( a corresponding diamond - shaped 75th Anniversary patch was also worn by all teams ) . The 49ers chose to wear a version of their 1955 uniforms as their throwbacks , with simpler sans - serif block numerals that were outlined and shadowed in black with White pants with thinner red - black - red striping were also worn , along with the old striped red socks . The regular 1989 -- 95 design gold helmet was worn with this uniform , as there was no logo on the 1955 helmet . In 1996 , the 49ers celebrated their 49th anniversary by designing a commemorative jersey patch based on the earlier shield - crest logo . The team also debuted a substantially new uniform design , most notably changing the shade of red used in their jerseys from bright scarlet to a deeper , cardinal red a black dropshadow effect ( along with gold trim ) was added to the jersey numerals ( which remained in the blocked serif style ) . As in 1994 , the Niners donned white pants full - time for the 1996 season ( also wearing them for the 1997 season and 1998 preseason , ) though this time the pant stripes were marginally thicker and the colors were reversed to black - cardinal red - black ( matching the striping on the helmets ) . For the 1998 regular season opener , the team switched back to gold pants , with a more metallic gold rather than the previous beige - matte gold of the past . The striping along the side of the pants remained black - cardinal red - black , though a thin gold trimming was added , along with further oval `` SF '' logos placed on both sides of the hip . The 1996 helmet and jersey design with the 1998 gold pants was worn as the team 's regular uniforms until the end of the 2008 season . The 49ers once again changed uniforms in 2009 , which are very similar to the classic design , albeit with several significant changes . The sleeve stripes are now set at an angle to accommodate the even shorter sleeves of modern jerseys , ( though the stripes appear straight and parallel to the ground when worn by the players themselves ) . An updated 49ers uniform with improved fit , and more breathable and moisture - resistant fabrics was debuted ( alongside the rest of the NFL teams ) by new league uniform manufacturer Nike on April 3 , 2012 . On April 30 , 2015 at their NFL Draft rally , the team unveiled their first ever alternate uniform ( as opposed to a throwback design ) . The uniform consists of black jerseys and pants with red numerals and striping . Nike logos are in gold , while the standard solid red socks will be worn . These uniforms will be worn a maximum of two games a year , per league rules . Cheerleaders and mascot ( edit ) Cheerleaders ( edit ) The 49ers official cheerleading squad is called the Gold Rush . Started in 1983 , the team typically consists of anywhere from 34 to 40 young female dancers . Mascot ( edit ) The 49ers official mascot is Sourdough Sam . He wears jersey number 49 . Rivalries ( edit ) The San Francisco 49ers have three rivals within their division : the Los Angeles Rams , the Arizona Cardinals , and the Seattle Seahawks . They also have rivalries with other teams that arose from post-season games in the past , most notably the Dallas Cowboys , New York Giants , and Green Bay Packers . They also have an intense crosstown rivalry with the Oakland Raiders and share an intrastate rivalry with the Los Angeles Chargers ( the two teams have played each other nearly every preseason , and every four years in the regular season , and also met in Super Bowl XXIX ) . NFC West ( edit ) Los Angeles Rams ( edit ) Main article : 49ers -- Rams rivalry The rivalry between the Los Angeles Rams and the San Francisco 49ers is considered by many to be one of the greatest NFL rivalries ever , placing No. 8 on Sports Illustrated 's `` Top 10 NFL Rivalries of All Time '' list , compiled in 2008 . After the Rams moved to St. Louis , Roger Craig stated in Tales from the San Francisco 49ers Sideline that `` the Rams will always be the 49ers ' biggest rival . It does n't matter if they no longer play in Los Angeles . If the Rams played their home games on Mars , it would still be a rivalry . '' In fact , the Rams are the only team to have played the 49ers twice every season for the last 58 seasons to combine for more than 100 regular season games ; the all - time regular season lead is held by the 49ers 65 -- 63 -- 3 . They have only met once in a playoff game , when the 49ers beat the Rams 30 -- 3 in 1989 . Seattle Seahawks ( edit ) Main article : 49ers -- Seahawks rivalry The Seattle Seahawks have become a new rival of the 49ers , following the NFL 's realignment in 2002 that put both teams in the same division ( Seattle had been a brief former rival during their inaugural 1976 season , when the team was in the old pre-realignment NFC West ) . Prior to 2002 , the teams played each other almost every season during the pre-season , but only every three years during the regular season when the AFC West and NFC West teams faced each other . So far , their rivalry has not been as intense as other division foes because for the most part both teams have not been good at the same time . In the middle to late part of the decade , the Seahawks lost the division and their favorable record against the 49ers reflected this . However , games at CenturyLink Field , one of the toughest stadiums to play at as a visiting team , have still been difficult to win . The 49ers have a 3 -- 7 record all - time at that stadium , with their largest margin of victory there being ten points , and failed to score a touchdown in four of those losses . The rivalry has intensified after the 49ers hired Jim Harbaugh out of Stanford in 2011 , as he and Seahawks and former USC head coach Pete Carroll had an intense rivalry in college . Seattle leads the all - time series 20 -- 15 after winning both regular season games in 2014 and taking a week 7 win at Levi 's Stadium in 2015 . Arizona Cardinals ( edit ) The Arizona Cardinals are a recent growing rival of the 49ers . Unlike most rivalries of this team , the Arizona Cardinals are in the same division as the 49ers ( since 2002 , when the Cardinals transferred from the NFC East ) . Recently , there has been much bad blood between these two teams ' players ; an example of this is a Twitter `` battle '' between Darnell Dockett of the Arizona Cardinals and Vernon Davis of the San Francisco 49ers . Another clash was when Early Doucet of the Cardinals and Dashon Goldson of the Niners threw punches at each other . The clash of words between players of both teams , added with the decline of the other major rivalries of the 49ers , either from the rarity of meeting the rival teams ( 49ers rarely meet the Cowboys ) or the move to different cities ( Los Angeles Rams moving to St. Louis ) , has led to the rivalry between the 49ers and the Cardinals becoming heated and intense . The 49ers currently hold the edge over the Cardinals all - time by 28 -- 18 . Battle of the Bay rivalry ( edit ) Oakland Raiders ( edit ) The Oakland Raiders are the 49ers ' geographic rivals . As a result , games between the two are referred to as the `` Battle of the Bay . '' The first exhibition game played in 1967 , ended with the NFL 49ers defeating the AFL Raiders 13 -- 10 . After the 1970 merger , the 49ers won in Oakland 38 -- 7 . Since the two teams play in different conferences , regular season matchups are at least every four years . Fans and players of the winning team can claim `` bragging rights '' as the better team in the area . The Raiders currently lead the all - time regular season series with 7 wins to the 49ers ' 6 . Oakland won the latest matchup 24 -- 13 on December 7 in Week 14 of the 2014 regular season . On August 20 , 2011 , in the third week of the pre-season , the pre-season game between the rivals was marked by fights in restrooms and stands at Candlestick Park including a shooting outside the stadium in which several were injured . The NFL has decided to cancel all future pre-season games between the Raiders and 49ers . Historic rivals ( edit ) This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Main article : 49ers -- Cowboys rivalry The rivalry between the Dallas Cowboys and the 49ers has lasted since the 1970s . The NFL Top 10 ranked this rivalry to be the tenth best in NFL history . San Francisco has played Dallas in seven postseason games . The Cowboys defeated the 49ers in the 1970 and 1971 NFC championship games , and again in the 1972 Divisional Playoff Game . The 1981 NFC championship game in San Francisco , which saw the 49ers ' Joe Montana complete a game - winning pass to Dwight Clark in the final minute ( now known as The Catch ) , is one of the most famous games in NFL history . The rivalry became even more intense during the 1992 -- 1994 seasons . San Francisco and Dallas faced each other in the NFC championship game three separate times . Dallas won the first two match - ups , and San Francisco won the third . In each of these pivotal match - ups , the game 's victor went on to win the Super Bowl . Both the Cowboys and the 49ers are second all time in Super Bowl victories to the Pittsburgh Steelers with five each . The 49ers -- Cowboys rivalry is also part of the larger cultural rivalry between California and Texas . In recent years , this once - great rivalry has greatly softened , with the struggles of both the Cowboys and 49ers . However , in its prime especially in the 1990s , this rivalry was a very bitter one as both teams were the class of the NFL during this time . The all - time series is tied with a record of 17 -- 17 -- 1 , which includes a postseason record of 2 -- 5 . Main article : 49ers -- Giants rivalry The New York Giants have the most playoff meetings versus the 49ers ( eight ) . This rivalry is rooted in the 1980s when both teams were on the rise . In the first two playoff meetings between these two teams , the Joe Montana - led 49ers won both meetings , 38 -- 24 in 1981 and 24 -- 10 in 1984 both in the divisional round at Candlestick Park , the 49ers went on to win their first two Super Bowl championships both seasons . The Giants won the next three playoff meetings , which included a 49 -- 3 rout at Giants Stadium in 1986 , and the 1990 NFC championship , where they upset the 49ers 15 -- 13 , ruining the 49ers hopes of a Super Bowl three - peat after Roger Craig lost a fumble late in the fourth quarter and let the Giants score on a last - second field goal . Giants also went on to win their first two Super Bowl championships both seasons . The 49ers defeated the Giants 44 -- 3 in 1993 in the divisional round . In the 2002 NFC Wildcard game , the Giants were ahead 38 -- 14 late in the third quarter ; however , the 49ers came back from the 24 - point deficit to beat the Giants with a 39 -- 38 victory . The teams met again in the 2011 NFC championship at Candlestick Park , and just like the 1990 NFC championship , it was a low - scoring game ; the Giants won the game on a Lawrence Tynes 31 - yard field goal in overtime , 20 -- 17 . In an eerie similarity to Roger Craig 's fumble 21 years earlier , Kyle Williams fumbled a punt in the crucial minutes of the game , and just like the last two times the Giants beat the 49ers in the playoffs , they went on to win the Super Bowl . The all - time series is a tie record of 15 -- 15 , and includes a postseason record of 4 -- 4 . The Green Bay Packers rivalry emerged in the mid-1990s when the Packers upset the 49ers in the 1995 NFC Divisional game at Candlestick Park , ending any chance of a Super Bowl repeat . From that point , the Packers beat the 49ers four more times including two post-season games . San Francisco was finally able to exact revenge in the 1998 NFC Wild Card round , a game that is remembered for a 25 - yard game - winning touchdown reception by Terrell Owens off a Steve Young pass ( referred to by some as `` The Catch II '' ) , lifting the 49ers over the Packers 30 -- 27 . Since that game , the Packers had beaten the 49ers eight straight times including once in the 2001 post-season , a streak that came to an end in the 2012 season when the 49ers beat the Packers in Lambeau Field week 1 for the first time since 1990 , and again in the NFC Divisional game that same season . The 49ers trail the all - time series with a record of 30 -- 34 -- 1 , which includes a postseason record of 3 -- 4 . The New Orleans Saints were division rivals with the 49ers up until realignment in 2002 when the Saints were placed in the newly formed NFC South . The 49ers dominated the rivalry when the Saints played in the NFC West , but the Saints have held the upper hand since realignment , winning the first six - game since moving to the NFC South . They met most recently in the divisional round of the 2011 playoffs at Candlestick Park . There were four lead changes in the final four minutes of the game , culminating with Alex Smith throwing the game - winning touchdown to Vernon Davis with nine seconds left ( referred by many as Vernon Post or The Catch III ) . Three months after that game , it was revealed that then - Saints defensive coordinator Gregg Williams ordered his players to target certain players in certain areas in a profanity - laced speech as part of the bounty scandal prior to that game . The 49ers lead the all - time series with a record of 47 -- 24 -- 2 , which includes a postseason record of 1 -- 0 . The Atlanta Falcons were also division rivals with the 49ers until the Falcons moved to the NFC South in 2002 after the realignment . Just like the Saints , the 49ers had dominated the Falcons when they played in the NFC West , but the Falcons have won four straight against the 49ers since moving to the NFC South . Both teams met in the divisional round of the 1998 playoffs , when Garrison Hearst suffered an ankle break when his foot was caught in the Georgia Dome turf and twisted severely as he tried to spin away from Falcons ' defensive end Chuck Smith on the first play from scrimmage ; 49ers lost that game 20 -- 18 . They met in the 2012 NFC championship , in which the 49ers , led by quarterback Colin Kaepernick , defeated the top - seeded Falcons in Atlanta by a score of 28 -- 24 . The next year , the Falcons played against the 49ers in the last home game at Candlestick Park . The game ended in a dramatic interception return for a touchdown also known as `` The Pick at the ' Stick '' . The all - time series is led by the 49ers with a record of 46 -- 30 -- 1 , and includes a postseason record of 1 -- 1 . Season - by - season records ( edit ) Main article : List of San Francisco 49ers seasons Players and personnel ( edit ) See also : List of San Francisco 49ers players and Category : San Francisco 49ers players Current roster and coaching staff ( edit ) San Francisco 49ers roster view talk Quarterbacks 3 C.J. Beathard 10 Jimmy Garoppolo Running backs 22 Matt Breida 44 Kyle Juszczyk FB 33 Jeremy McNichols 32 Joe Williams Wide receivers 17 Victor Bolden Jr . 84 Kendrick Bourne 13 Aaron Burbridge 15 Pierre Garçon 11 Marquise Goodwin 13 Max McCaffrey 19 Aldrick Robinson 81 Trent Taylor Tight ends 88 Garrett Celek 83 Cole Hikutini 85 George Kittle Offensive linemen 68 Zane Beadles G 77 Trent Brown T 65 Joshua Garnett G 67 Daniel Kilgore C 62 Erik Magnuson G 74 Joe Staley T 75 Laken Tomlinson G 78 Darrell Williams Jr . T Defensive linemen 91 Arik Armstead DE 98 Ronald Blair DE 99 DeForest Buckner DT 96 Sheldon Day DT 58 Elvis Dumervil DE 93 D.J. Jones DT 54 Cassius Marsh DE 90 Earl Mitchell DT 94 Solomon Thomas DE Linebackers 56 Reuben Foster MLB 47 Jimmie Gilbert OLB 57 Eli Harold OLB 47 Elijah Lee MLB 48 Donavin Newsom MLB 46 Mark Nzeocha OLB 51 Malcolm Smith OLB 55 Pita Taumoepenu OLB 97 Dekoda Watson OLB Defensive backs 38 Adrian Colbert FS 43 Chanceller James SS 20 Don Jones SS 26 Greg Mabin CB 27 Dexter McCoil SS 45 Tyvis Powell SS 29 Jaquiski Tartt SS 25 Jimmie Ward FS 24 K'Waun Williams CB 23 Ahkello Witherspoon CB Special teams 9 Robbie Gould K 86 Kyle Nelson LS 5 Bradley Pinion P Reserve lists 14 DeAndre Carter WR ( Future ) -- Malcolm Johnson FB ( Future ) 64 Andrew Lauderdale OT ( Future ) 49 Boseko Lokombo ILB ( Future ) 71 Pace Murphy OT ( Future ) 4 Nick Mullens QB ( Future ) 48 Trovon Reed CB ( Future ) 41 Channing Stribling CB ( Future ) 89 Cole Wick TE ( Future ) Unrestricted FAs 61 Tim Barnes C 95 Tank Carradine DE 50 Brock Coyle OLB 92 Leger Douzable DT 40 Antone Exum FS 63 Brandon Fusco G 76 Garry Gilliam T 20 Leon Hall CB 28 Carlos Hyde RB 30 Asa Jackson CB 36 Dontae Johnson CB 92 Chris Jones DT 59 Aaron Lynch DE 18 Louis Murphy WR 82 Logan Paulsen TE 35 Eric Reid SS Exclusive - Rights FAs 31 Raheem Mostert RB Rookies in italics Roster updated February 14 , 2018 Depth chart Transactions 56 Active , 9 Inactive , 17 FAs → AFC rosters → NFC rosters AFC East BUF MIA NE NYJ North BAL CIN CLE PIT South HOU IND JAX TEN West DEN KC LAC OAK NFC East DAL NYG PHI WAS North CHI DET GB MIN South ATL CAR NO TB West ARI LAR SF SEA San Francisco 49ers staff Front Office Co-Chairman -- Denise DeBartolo York Co-Chairman -- John York Chief Executive Officer -- Jed York Co-Owner -- Gideon Yu President -- Al Guido Chief Strategy Officer / Executive Vice President of Football Operations -- Paraag Marathe Chief Operating Officer -- Ethan Casson General Manager -- John Lynch Vice President of Player Personnel -- Adam Peters Senior Personnel Executive -- Martin Mayhew Director of Pro Personnel -- Ran Carthon Director of Football Administration & Analytics -- Brian Hampton Head Coaches Head Coach / Offensive Coordinator -- Kyle Shanahan Assistant Head Coach / Tight Ends -- Jon Embree Offensive Coaches Quarterbacks -- Rich Scangarello Running Backs -- Robert Turner Wide Receivers -- Mike LaFleur Offensive Line -- John Benton Assistant Offensive Line -- Adam Stenavich Offensive Assistant -- T.C. McCartney Offensive Quality Control -- Taylor Embree Run Game Specialist -- Mike McDaniel Defensive Coaches Defensive Coordinator -- Robert Saleh Defensive Line -- Jeff Zgonina Pass Rush Specialist -- Chris Kiffin Linebackers / Run Game Specialist -- Johnny Holland Defensive Backs -- Jeff Hafley Assistant Defensive Backs -- Daniel Bullocks Defensive Quality Control -- DeMeco Ryans Defensive Quality Control -- Bobby Slowik Special Teams Coaches Special Teams Coordinator -- Richard Hightower Assistant Special Teams -- Stan Kwan Assistant Special Teams -- Michael Clay Coaching Support Staff Assistant to the Coaching Staff -- Patrick Hagedorn Administrative Assistant to the Head Coach -- Nick Kray Seasonal Intern ( Offense ) -- Katie Sowers Strength and Conditioning Head Strength and Conditioning -- Ray Wright Strength and Conditioning Assistant -- Marquis Johnson Strength and Conditioning Assistant -- Dustin Perry → Coaching Staff → Management → More NFL staffs AFC East BUF MIA NE NYJ North BAL CIN CLE PIT South HOU IND JAX TEN West DEN KC LAC OAK NFC East DAL NYG PHI WAS North CHI DET GB MIN South ATL CAR NO TB West ARI LAR SF SEA Pro Football Hall of Famers ( edit ) San Francisco 49ers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame No . Name Inducted Position ( s ) Years w / 49ers -- DeBartolo Jr. , Edward Edward J. DeBartolo Jr . 2016 Owner 1977 -- 2000 -- Walsh , Bill Bill Walsh 1993 Head coach 1979 -- 1988 ( Head ) 1999 -- 2001 ( VP and GM ) 2002 -- 2004 ( Consultant ) 8 Young , Steve Steve Young 2005 QB 1987 -- 1999 14 Tittle , Y.A. Y.A. Tittle 1971 QB 1951 -- 1960 16 Montana , Joe Joe Montana 2000 QB 1979 -- 1992 21 Sanders , Deion Deion Sanders 2011 CB 1994 22 Hayes , Bob Bob Hayes 2009 WR 26 Woodson , Rod Rod Woodson 2009 S / CB 1997 32 Simpson , O.J. O.J. Simpson 1985 RB 1978 -- 1979 34 Perry , Joe Joe Perry 1969 RB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 35 Johnson , John Henry John Henry Johnson FB 1954 -- 1956 37 Johnson , Jimmy Jimmy Johnson 1994 CB 1961 -- 1976 39 McElhenny , Hugh Hugh McElhenny 1970 RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Lott , Ronnie Ronnie Lott 2000 S / CB 1981 -- 1990 56 Doleman , Chris Chris Doleman 2012 DE 1996 -- 1998 57 Jackson , Rickey Rickey Jackson DE 1994 -- 1995 64 Wilcox , Dave Dave Wilcox 2000 LB 1964 -- 1974 71 Allen , Larry Larry Allen 2013 2006 -- 2007 73 Noellini , Leo Leo Nomellini 1969 DT 1949 -- 1963 74 Dean , Fred Fred Dean 2008 DE 1981 -- 1985 79 St. Clair , Bob Bob St. Clair 2008 OT 1953 -- 1963 80 Rice , Jerry Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 81 Owens , Terrell Terrell Owens 2018 WR 1996 -- 2003 84 Moss , Randy Randy Moss 2018 WR 2012 91 Greene , Kevin Kevin Greene 2016 DE / LB 1997 95 Dent , Richard Richard Dent 2011 DE 1994 94 / 95 Haley , Charles Charles Haley 2015 DE / LB 1986 -- 1991 , 1998 -- 1999 Retired numbers ( edit ) The 49ers ' retired numbers displayed on the southeastern side of Candlestick Park in June 2009 San Francisco 49ers retired numbers No . Player Position Tenure 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 1999 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 1973 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 1992 34 Joe Perry FB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 37 Jimmy Johnson CB 1961 -- 1976 39 Hugh McElhenny RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Ronnie Lott S , CB 1981 -- 1990 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 1973 73 Leo Nomellini DT 1950 -- 1963 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 1963 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 87 Dwight Clark WR 1979 -- 1987 -- Edward J. DeBartolo Jr . Owner 1978 -- 2000 -- Bill Walsh Head coach 1979 -- 1988 ( Head ) 1999 -- 2001 ( VP and GM ) 2002 -- 2004 ( Consultant ) During his tenure with the 49ers from 2006 to 2007 , quarterback Trent Dilfer , a long - time friend of Brodie , wore No. 12 with his permission , unofficially unretiring the number as a tribute . 49ers in the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame ( edit ) Main article : Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame 49ers Hall of Fame ( edit ) The Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. 49ers Hall of Fame is the team 's official hall of honor for the franchise 's greatest players and contributors . 49ers Hall of Fame Year No . Name Position ( s ) Tenure 2009 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 1999 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 1973 14 Y.A. Tittle QB 1951 -- 1960 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 1992 34 Joe Perry RB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 35 John Henry Johnson RB 1954 -- 1956 37 Jimmy Johnson CB 1961 -- 1976 39 Hugh McElhenny RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Ronnie Lott S , CB 1981 -- 1990 64 Dave Wilcox LB 1964 -- 1974 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 1973 73 Leo Nomellini DE 1950 -- 1963 74 Fred Dean DE 1981 -- 1985 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 1963 87 Dwight Clark WR 1979 -- 1987 -- Edward DeBartolo Jr . Owner 1978 -- 2000 -- Bill Walsh Coach 1979 -- 1988 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 -- Tony Morabito Founder 1946 -- 1957 -- Vic Morabito Owner 1946 -- 1964 2011 27 R.C. Owens WR 1957 -- 1961 33 Roger Craig RB 1983 -- 1990 2012 82 Gordon Soltau WR 1949 -- 1958 2013 -- John McVay Executive 1980 -- 1995 1998 -- 1999 2014 -- George Seifert DB coach Defensive Coordinator Head coach 1980 -- 1982 1983 -- 1988 1989 -- 1996 2015 94 / 95 Charles Haley DE / LB 1986 -- 1991 1998 -- 1999 Forty - niner 10 - year club ( edit ) The 10 - year club is a shrine that honors members of the San Francisco 49ers who played 10 or more seasons with the organization , and was started by Bill Walsh to recognize players that have shown longevity , success and consistency . Each member is shown in a black - and - white photo on a scarlet and gold plaque with their name under the photo and the years in which they played . A plaque placed in the center of the photos of club members reads : `` Forty - Niners 10 - year club . Dedicated to those Forty - Niners who have served 10 or more years proudly wearing the scarlet and gold . '' 1940s No . Player Position Tenure 34 Joe Perry FB 1948 -- 60 , 1963 73 Leo Nomellini DT 1949 -- 63 14 Y.A. Tittle QB 1951 -- 60 52 / 84 Billy Wilson WR 1951 -- 60 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 64 55 Matt Hazeltine LB 1955 -- 68 77 Bruce Bosley G / C 1956 -- 68 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 73 78 John Thomas 1958 -- 67 1960s No . Player Position Tenure 36 Tommy Davis K , P 1959 -- 69 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 73 76 Len Rohde 1960 -- 74 60 Roland Lakes DT 1959 -- 73 37 Jimmy Johnson CB 1961 -- 76 64 Dave Wilcox LB 1964 -- 74 32 Mel Phillips 1966 -- 76 57 Frank Nunley LB 1967 -- 76 1970s No . Player Position Tenure 69 Woody Peoples 1968 -- 77 51 / 62 Randy Cross G / C 1976 -- 88 68 John Ayers 1976 -- 86 14 Ray Wersching 1977 -- 87 79 Cas Banaszek 1968 -- 77 53 Tommy Hart DE 1968 -- 77 52 Skip Vanderbundt LB 1968 -- 77 86 Cedrick Hardman DE 1970 -- 79 59 Willie Harper WR 1973 -- 83 71 / 89 Keith Fahnhorst 1974 -- 87 1980s No . Player Position Tenure 99 Mike Walter LB 1984 -- 93 61 Jesse Sapolu C / G 1983 -- 97 62 Guy McIntyre 1984 -- 93 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 82 John Taylor WR 1986 -- 95 74 Steve Wallace 1986 -- 96 56 Fred Quillan 1978 -- 87 76 Dwaine Board DE 1979 -- 88 21 Eric Wright CB 1981 -- 90 42 Ronnie Lott 1981 -- 90 58 Keena Turner LB 1980 -- 90 85 Mike Wilson WR 1981 -- 90 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 92 1990s No . Player Position Tenure 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 99 79 Harris Barton OT 1987 -- 98 84 / 88 Brent Jones TE 1987 -- 97 2000s No . Player Position Tenure 97 Bryant Young DT 1994 -- 2007 53 Jeff Ulbrich LB 2000 -- 2009 63 Derrick Deese OL 1992 -- 2003 86 Brian Jennings LS 2000 -- 2012 Andy Lee 2004 -- 2014 21 Frank Gore RB 2005 -- 2014 74 Joe Staley OT 2007 -- Present Franchise leaders ( edit ) Bold denotes still active with team Italics denote still active but not with team Passing yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Joe Montana ( 35,124 ) 2 . John Brodie ( 31,548 ) 3 . Steve Young ( 29,907 ) 4 . Jeff Garcia ( 16,408 ) 5 . Y.A. Tittle ( 16,016 ) 6 . Alex Smith ( 14,280 ) 7 . Colin Kaepernick ( 12,271 ) 8 . Frankie Albert ( 10,795 ) 9 . Steve DeBerg ( 7,220 ) 10 . Steve Spurrier ( 5,250 ) 11 . Tim Rattay ( 3,941 ) 12 . Shaun Hill ( 3,490 ) 13 . Jim Plunkett ( 3,285 ) 14 . Elvis Grbac ( 3,098 ) 15 . Blaine Gabbert ( 2,994 ) 16 . Steve Bono ( 2,558 ) 17 . Ken Dorsey ( 1,712 ) 18 . George Mira ( 1,711 ) 19 . Norm Snead ( 1,705 ) 20 . J.T. O'Sullivan ( 1,678 ) 21 . Tom Owen ( 1,645 ) 22 . Jimmy Garoppolo ( 1,560 ) 23 . Jeff Kemp ( 1,554 ) 24 . C.J. Beathard ( 1,430 ) 25 . Brian Hoyer ( 1,245 ) 26 . Lamar McHan ( 1,243 ) 27 . Troy Smith ( 1,176 ) 28 . Trent Dilfer ( 1,166 ) 29 . Scott Bull ( 992 ) 30 . Joe Reed ( 905 ) Rushing yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Frank Gore ( 11,073 ) 2 . Joe Perry ( 8,689 ) 3 . Roger Craig ( 7,064 ) 4 . Ken Willard ( 5,930 ) 5 . Garrison Hearst ( 5,535 ) 6 . J.D. Smith ( 4,370 ) 7 . Hugh McElhenny ( 4,288 ) 8 . Kevan Barlow ( 3,614 ) 9 . Steve Young ( 3,581 ) 10 . Johnny Strzykalski ( 3,415 ) 11 . Wendell Tyler ( 3,112 ) 12 . Delvin Williams ( 2,966 ) 13 . Wilbur Jackson ( 2,955 ) 14 . Ricky Watters ( 2,840 ) 15 . Carlos Hyde ( 2,729 ) 16 . Charlie Garner ( 2,371 ) 17 . Colin Kaepernick ( 2,300 ) 18 . Tom Rathman ( 1,902 ) 19 . Norm Standlee ( 1,830 ) 20 . Vic Washington ( 1,813 ) 21 . Paul Hofer ( 1,746 ) 22 . Larry Schreiber ( 1,734 ) 23 . Joe Montana ( 1,595 ) 24 . Jeff Garcia ( 1,571 ) 25 . Doug Cunningham ( 1,498 ) 26 . John David Crow ( 1,474 ) 27 . Gary Lewis ( 1,421 ) 28 . Frankie Albert ( 1,272 ) 29 . Terry Kirby ( 1,235 ) 30 . Kendall Hunter ( 1,202 ) Receiving yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Jerry Rice ( 19,247 ) 2 . Terrell Owens ( 8,572 ) 3 . Dwight Clark ( 6,750 ) 4 . Gene Washington ( 6,664 ) 5 . Billy Wilson ( 5,902 ) 6 . Vernon Davis ( 5,640 ) 7 . John Taylor ( 5,598 ) 8 . Brent Jones ( 5,195 ) 9 . Freddie Solomon ( 4,873 ) 10 . Roger Craig ( 4,442 ) 11 . Michael Crabtree ( 4,327 ) 12 . J.J. Stokes ( 4,139 ) 13 . Bernie Casey ( 4,008 ) 14 . Gordie Soltau ( 3,487 ) 15 . Dave Parks ( 3,334 ) 16 . Anquan Boldin ( 3,030 ) 17 . Monty Stickles ( 2,993 ) 18 . Alyn Beals ( 2,951 ) 19 . R.C. Owens ( 2,926 ) 20 . Frank Gore ( 2,883 ) 21 . Hugh McElhenny ( 2,666 ) 22 . Clyde Conner ( 2,643 ) 23 . Ted Kwalick ( 2,555 ) 24 . Tom Rathman ( 2,490 ) 25 . Dick Witcher ( 2,359 ) 26 . Mike Wilson ( 2,199 ) 27 . Ken Willard ( 2,156 ) 28 . Arnaz Battle ( 2,150 ) 29 . Russ Francis ( 2,105 ) 30 . Tai Streets ( 2,008 ) Achievements ( edit ) Individual awards ( edit ) AP NFL MVP Season Player Position 1970 John Brodie QB 1989 Joe Montana QB 1990 Joe Montana QB 1992 Steve Young QB 1994 Steve Young QB NFL Offensive Player of the Year Season Player Position Jerry Rice WR 1988 Roger Craig RB 1989 Joe Montana QB 1992 Steve Young QB 1993 Jerry Rice WR NFL Defensive Player of the Year Season Player Position 1994 Deion Sanders CB 1997 Dana Stubblefield DT NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Season Player Position 1970 Bruce Taylor CB 1993 Dana Stubblefield DT 2007 Patrick Willis LB Super Bowl MVP Game Player Position 1981 Joe Montana QB 1984 Joe Montana QB 1988 Jerry Rice WR 1989 Joe Montana QB 1994 Steve Young QB NFL Coach of the Year Season Coach 1981 Bill Walsh 2011 Jim Harbaugh NFL Comeback Player of the Year Season Player Position 1986 Joe Montana QB 1999 Bryant Young DT 2001 Garrison Hearst RB NFL Executive of the Year Season Executive 1994 Carmen Policy 2011 Trent Baalke Radio and television ( edit ) The 49ers ' flagship radio stations are KSAN 107.7 FM ( `` The Bone '' ) , KNBR 680 AM , and KTCT 1050 AM . KSAN airs all 49ers games on FM . On AM , they are simulcast on KTCT in August , September , and October and on KNBR from October to the end of the season . All three stations are owned by Cumulus Media . Joe Starkey , best known as the voice of the University of California and The Play , was previously the color commentator on the broadcasts next to legendary announcer Lon Simmons in 1987 and 1988 and took over as lead commentator in 1989 . Lon Simmons and Gordy Soltau did the broadcasts on KSFO in the 1949s and 1960s . For a brief period in the late 1970s and early 1980s Don Kline , the Voice of Stanford did the 49ers ' games . Starkey first teamed with former Detroit Lions ' and KPIX Sports Director , Wayne Walker and then former 49ers ' linebacker Gary Plummer formed the broadcast team from 1998 to 2008 , with Starkey retiring after the 2008 season . Ted Robinson replaced Starkey and teamed up with Plummer for the 2009 and 2010 seasons . Plummer was relieved of his color commentating duties for the 2011 season and replaced by former teammate Eric Davis . Pre-season games not shown on national television are shown on ABC affiliate , KGO - TV ( Channel 7 ) . When playing in the regular season , those games can be televised on Fox - owned KTVU . If they challenge an AFC team , KPIX - TV ( the CBS Owned and operated station ) will broadcast the games . In addition to regular season matches , NBC affiliate , KNTV airs them under the Sunday Night Football label . The 49ers are a beneficiary of league scheduling policies . Both the 49ers and the Oakland Raiders share the San Francisco Bay Area market , which is on the West Coast of the United States . This means that the 49ers can not play home games , road division games or interconference road games against AFC West teams Denver Broncos , Los Angeles Chargers or Oakland Raiders ( in seasons that the AFC West and NFC West meet in interconference play ) in the early 10 : 00 a.m. Pacific time slot . In addition , they can not play interconference home games at the same time or network as the Raiders . As a result , both teams generally have more limited scheduling options , and also benefit by receiving more prime time games than usual ( click here for further information ) . Thus , regardless of the previous season 's record , the 49ers receive a disproportionate number of Sunday Night , Monday Night and / or Thursday Night games , compared to the rest of the league . San Francisco 49ers radio broadcasters history ( edit ) Year Flagship station Play - by - play Color commentator Sideline reporter 1994 KGO Joe Starkey Wayne Walker 1989 KGO Joe Starkey Wayne Walker 1988 KGO Lon Simmons ( Weeks 1 -- 5 and 8 -- 16 ) Joe Starkey ( Weeks 6 -- 7 ) Wayne Walker Joe Starkey ( Weeks 1 -- 5 and 8 -- 16 ) 1984 KCBS Don Klein Don Heinrich 1981 KCBS Don Klein Wayne Walker Radio affiliates ( edit ) Source : Map of radio affiliates . City Call Sign Frequency San Francisco KNBR - AM 680 AM San Francisco KGO - AM 810 AM San Francisco KSAN - FM 107.7 FM Brookings , Oregon KURY - FM 95.3 FM Chico , California KTHU - FM 100.7 FM Eureka , California KATA - AM 1340 AM Fresno , California KFIG - AM 1430 AM Grass Valley , California KNCO - AM 830 AM Hilo , Hawaii KPUA - AM 670 AM Honolulu , Hawaii KHKA - AM 1500 AM King City , California KRKC - AM 1490 AM Klamath Falls , Oregon KAGO - AM 1150 AM Los Angeles KLAA - AM 830 AM Maui , Hawaii KAOI - AM 1110 AM Medford , Oregon KBOY - FM 95.7 FM Mendocino , California KUNK 96.7 FM Modesto , California KESP - AM 970 AM Paso Robles , California KPRL - AM 1230 AM Portland , Oregon KUIK - AM 1360 AM Redding , California KKXS - FM 96.1 FM Reno , Nevada KBZZ - AM 1270 AM Reno , Nevada KBZZ - FM 96.1 FM Sacramento , California KIFM 1320 AM Salinas , California KION - AM 1460 AM San Luis Obispo , California KKJL - AM 1400 AM Susanville , California KJDX - FM 93.3 FM San Francisco 49ers preseason TV broadcasters history ( edit ) Year Station Play - by - play Color commentator 1994 KPIX 1989 KPIX 1988 KPIX 1984 KPIX 1981 KPIX See also ( edit ) San Francisco Bay Area portal National Football League portal List of Super Bowl records San Francisco 49ers draft history Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area List of National Football League records ( team ) List of professional sports teams in California References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Team Facts '' . Pro Football Hall of Fame . Retrieved October 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Table of Contents '' ( PDF ) . 2016 San Francisco 49ers Media Guide . San Francisco 49ers . September 9 , 2016 . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Team Capsule '' ( PDF ) . 2017 Official National Football League Record and Fact Book . National Football League . August 22 , 2017 . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pentis , Andrew . `` Behind the Building '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved September 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Founder '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco Forty Niners Company Information '' . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Team Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Team Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 2016 NFL Valuations '' . Forbes . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ Badenhausen , Kurt . `` San Francisco 49ers - pg. 11 '' . Forbes . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 29 . ^ Jump up to : A.S. `` Doc '' Young , `` The Black Athlete in the Golden Age of Sports , Part VI : The Black Athlete Makes His Mark , '' Ebony , May 1969 , pg. 118 . Jump up ^ `` Lou Spadia , ex-San Francisco 49ers president , dies at 92 '' . NFL.com . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` The 1950s and The King Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site '' . www.profootballhof.com . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl XLVII - San Francisco 49ers vs. Baltimore Ravens - February 3rd , 2013 '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . ^ Jump up to : `` 49ers Yearly Results and Statistics National Football League ( 1950 - present ) '' ( PDF ) . 2016 Season Media Guide . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Litsky , Frank ( 1985 - 12 - 30 ) . `` Giants Stop 49ers in Wild - Card Playoff , 17 - 3 '' . The New York Times . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/05/sports/montana-is-hospitalized-for-concussion.html Jump up ^ http://www.dwightclark87.com/bio.html ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Larry . `` Montana was comeback king '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ http://dev.realclearsports.com/lists/dominating_postseason_team_performances/1989_san_francisco_49ers.html Jump up ^ Stellino , Vic ( January 13 , 1991 ) . `` Montana picks Redskins apart in 28 - 10 victory 49ers ' interceptions thwart two drives '' . The Baltimore Sun . Jump up ^ Merron , Jeff . `` The List : Gutsiest calls in sports '' ( Page 2 ) . ESPN.com . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Mystery still surrounds extent of injury to Montanta 's elbow '' . articles.baltimoresun.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Mike Singletary Press Conference `` Hit - People - in - the - Mouth '' `` . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Jim Harbaugh to 49ers , evokes ' Genius ' '' . ESPN.com . January 9 , 2011 . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Draft Finder Query Results '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Killion , Ann ( August 1 , 2011 ) . `` New era begins for 49ers , but will San Francisco get any better ? '' . SI.com . Archived from the original on August 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Dodds , Eric ( November 28 , 2012 ) . `` Examining the 49ers Quarterback Controversy '' . time.com . Archived from the original on November 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Sando , Mike ( November 27 , 2012 ) . `` Reaching back for 49ers QB parallels '' . ESPN.com . Archived from the original on November 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Ravens vs. 49ers - Box Score '' . scores.espn.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` David Akers '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ Gonzalez , Antonio ( 2013 - 03 - 06 ) . `` 49ers release 6 - time Pro Bowl kicker David Akers '' . Yahoo ! News . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ Kegley , Scott ( March 19 , 2013 ) . `` 49ers Sign Kicker Phil Dawson '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Anquan Boldin to be traded to San Francisco 49ers '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Branch , Eric ( December 29 , 2013 ) . `` 49ers win finale , to face Packers in playoffs '' . SFGate.com . Retrieved December 30 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Branch , Eric ( January 6 , 2014 ) . `` Kaepernick drives 49ers to cold win over Packers '' . SFGate.com . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Chosen To Bid For 2016 Olympics '' . CBS . April 14 , 2007 . Retrieved March 2 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Santa Clara Stadium for the 49ers , Measure J ( June 2010 ) '' . Ballotpedia . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers ' new South Bay Stadium gets college bowl game '' . Mercurynews.com . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ York , John . `` Letter to 49ers Faithful '' . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2007 . Retrieved 2006 - 11 - 12 . Jump up ^ Epstein , Edward ( November 14 , 2006 ) . `` Dianne Feinstein leads charge for keeping 49ers in S.F. '' The San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ Staff ( 2006 - 11 - 14 ) . `` Senator Feinstein Announces Plans to Explore Legislative Options to Keep the San Francisco 49ers in San Francisco '' ( Press release ) . Washington , D.C. : Dianne Feinstein . Archived from the original on 2012 - 09 - 16 . Retrieved 2013 - 06 - 04 . Jump up ^ Knapp , Gwen ( April 20 , 2012 ) . `` Santa Clara shovels begin end of 49ers in S.F. '' San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Mike ( May 8 , 2013 ) . `` Levi 's Stadium : 49ers ' new Santa Clara home gets a name in $220 million deal '' . San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved May 8 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Orr , Conor ( March 10 , 2015 ) . `` Patrick Willis retiring after eight seasons with 49ers '' . National Football League . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( March 16 , 2015 ) . `` San Francisco 49ers ' Chris Borland retiring from NFL '' . National Football League . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers DT Justin Smith Explains Decision to Retire '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Anthony Davis of San Francisco 49ers retires '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Aldon Smith cut by 49ers after latest DUI arrest '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers 2015 Roster Movement '' . 49ers.com . San Francisco 49ers. April 30 , 2015 . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Gutierrez , Paul ( January 4 , 2016 ) . `` 49ers dismiss Jim Tomsula after 5 - 11 season -- his first '' . ESPN . Retrieved January 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Chip Kelly hired as 49ers coach '' . ESPN . January 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Watch Los Angeles Rams vs. San Francisco 49ers ( 09 / 12 / 2016 ) - NFL.com '' . www.nfl.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Ultimate Standings : 49ers drop to last place in sports '' . ESPN.com . October 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Williamson , Bill . `` San Francisco 49ers to honer George Seifert '' . www.espn.com . ESPN . Retrieved February 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Price , Taylor ( April 25 , 2009 ) . `` 49ers Unveil Classic Uniforms '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Price , Taylor ( April 3 , 2012 ) . `` Morning Tailgate : Uniform Edition ( April 3 ) '' . San Francisco 49ers . Archived from the original on April 5 , 2012 . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( May 1 , 2015 ) . `` 49ers unveil first alternate uniform in team history '' . National Football League . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` RGB '' . San Francisco 49ers. April 30 , 2015 . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Gold Rush '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Gold Rush History '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Sourdough Sam Biography '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Top 10 NFL Rivalries of All Time '' . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 30 . Jump up ^ Craig ( 2004 ) 37 Jump up ^ Knapp , Gwen ( October 4 , 2009 ) . `` 49ers must beat Rams '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Playoff History '' . pro-football-reference.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Adrian Wilson vs Vernon Davis ; ROTB Announcement '' . Revengeofthebirds.com . May 11 , 2010 . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ 49ers -- Cardinals pre-game notes : Lombardi says Harbaugh looks headed for Michigan ; 49ers Hot Read , mercurynews.com , January 2 , 2011 ; accessed November 27 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers And Raiders Stagger Into Battle '' . KGO - TV . Associated Press . 2006 - 10 - 07 . Retrieved 2007 - 02 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` Name That Play : Bowman 's Pick '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers Announce 2015 Schedule '' . April 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Hall of Famers by Franchise - Hall of Famers - Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers Retired Jerseys '' . 49ers.com . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved September 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Dilfer to wear longtime hero Brodie 's No. 12 '' , ESPN , July 28 , 2006 Jump up ^ `` 49ers Announce Edward DeBartolo Sr. 49ers Hall of Fame '' . San Francisco 49ers . May 12 , 2009 . Retrieved September 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Story Behind the 10 - Year Club '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Passing Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Rushing Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Receiving Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers.com - Radio Network '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Further reading ( edit ) Dickey , Glenn ( 2000 ) . Glenn Dickey 's 49ers : The Rise , Fall , and Rebirth of the NFL 's Greatest Dynasty . Prima Publishing . ISBN 0 - 7615 - 2232 - 8 . Harris , David ( 2008 ) . The Genius : How Bill Walsh Reinvented Football and Created an NFL Dynasty . Random House . ISBN 978 - 0 - 345 - 49912 - 7 . Lazarus , Adam ( 2012 ) . Best of Rivals . Joe Montana , Steve Young and the Inside Story behind the NFL 's Greatest Quarterback Controversy . DA Capo Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 82135 - 6 . Myers , Gary ( 2009 ) . The Catch : One Play , Two Dynasties , and the Game That Changed the NFL . Crown Archetype . ISBN 978 - 0 - 307 - 40908 - 9 . Newhouse , Dave ( 2015 ) . Founding 49ers : The Dark Days Before the Dynasty . Kent State University Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60635 - 254 - 0 . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how many super bowls did san francisco 49ers win | ["\n\nSan Francisco 49ers\n\n\n Current season\n\n\nEstablished June 4, 1944; 73 years ago (June 4, 1944)[1]\nFirst season: 1946\nPlay in Levi's Stadium\nSanta Clara, California\nHeadquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center\nSanta Clara, California\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLogo\nWordmark\n\n\n\n\n\nLeague/conference affiliations\n\n\n\n\nAll-America Football Conference (1946–1949)\n\nWestern Division (1946–1949)\n\nNational Football League (1950–present)\n\nCoastal Division (1950–1970)\nNational Football Conference (1970–present)\n\nNFC West (1970–present)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrent uniform\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTeam colors\n\nRed, Gold[2][3]\n \n\n\nMascot\nSourdough Sam\n\n\nPersonnel\n\n\nChairman\nDenise DeBartolo York\nJohn York (co-chairs)\n\n\nCEO\nJed York\n\n\nPresident\nAl Guido\n\n\nGeneral manager\nJohn Lynch\n\n\nHead coach\nKyle Shanahan\n\n\nTeam history\n\n\n\n\n\nSan Francisco 49ers (1946–present)\n\n\n\n\n\nTeam nicknames\n\n\n\n\nNiners\n\n\n\n\nChampionships\n\n\n\nLeague championships (5)\n\nSuper Bowl championships (5)\n1981 (XVI), 1984 (XIX), 1988 (XXIII), 1989 (XXIV), 1994 (XXIX)\n\n\n\n\n\nConference championships (6)\n\nNFC: 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2012\n\n\n\n\n\nDivision championships (19)\n\nNFC West: 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2011, 2012\n\n\n\n\nPlayoff appearances (26)\n\n\n\n\nAAFC: 1949\nNFL: 1957, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2011, 2012, 2013\n\n\n\n\nHome fields\n\n\n\n\nKezar Stadium (1946–1970)\nCandlestick Park (1971–2013)\nStanford Stadium (1989, one game after Loma Prieta earthquake)\nLevi's Stadium (2014–present)\n\n\n\n"] | ['5'] |
San Francisco 49ers
Current season
Established June 4, 1944; 73 years ago (June 4, 1944)[1]
First season: 1946
Play in Levi's Stadium
Santa Clara, California
Headquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center
Santa Clara, California
Logo
Wordmark
League/conference affiliations
All-America Football Conference (1946–1949)
Western Division (1946–1949)
National Football League (1950–present)
Coastal Division (1950–1970)
National Football Conference (1970–present)
NFC West (1970–present)
Current uniform
Team colors
Red, Gold[2][3]
Mascot
Sourdough Sam
Personnel
Chairman
Denise DeBartolo York
John York (co-chairs)
CEO
Jed York
President
Al Guido
General manager
John Lynch
Head coach
Kyle Shanahan
Team history
San Francisco 49ers (1946–present)
Team nicknames
Niners
Championships
League championships (5)
Super Bowl championships (5)
1981 (XVI), 1984 (XIX), 1988 (XXIII), 1989 (XXIV), 1994 (XXIX)
Conference championships (6)
NFC: 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2012
Division championships (19)
NFC West: 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2011, 2012
Playoff appearances (26)
AAFC: 1949
NFL: 1957, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2011, 2012, 2013
Home fields
Kezar Stadium (1946–1970)
Candlestick Park (1971–2013)
Stanford Stadium (1989, one game after Loma Prieta earthquake)
Levi's Stadium (2014–present)
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[question]: What is the name of the stadium where the San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games?
[answer]: The San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games at Levi's Stadium, located in Santa Clara, California. | What is the name of the stadium where the San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games? | The San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games at Levi's Stadium, located in Santa Clara, California. | 1 | 7.355878 | 17 | 203 | 1 |
27,388 | -6,535,109,267,201,729,000 | San Francisco 49ers | San Francisco 49ers - wikipedia San Francisco 49ers Jump to : navigation , search San Francisco 49ers Current season Established June 4 , 1944 ; 73 years ago ( June 4 , 1944 ) First season : 1946 Play in Levi 's Stadium Santa Clara , California Headquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center Santa Clara , California Logo Wordmark League / conference affiliations All - America Football Conference ( 1946 -- 1949 ) Western Division ( 1946 -- 1949 ) National Football League ( 1950 -- present ) Coastal Division ( 1950 -- 1970 ) National Football Conference ( 1970 -- present ) NFC West ( 1970 -- present ) Current uniform Team colors Red , Gold Mascot Sourdough Sam Personnel Chairman Denise DeBartolo York John York ( co-chairs ) CEO Jed York President Al Guido General manager John Lynch Head coach Kyle Shanahan Team history San Francisco 49ers ( 1946 -- present ) Team nicknames Niners Championships League championships ( 5 ) Super Bowl championships ( 5 ) 1981 ( XVI ) , 1984 ( XIX ) , 1988 ( XXIII ) , 1989 ( XXIV ) , 1994 ( XXIX ) Conference championships ( 6 ) NFC : 1981 , 1984 , 1988 , 1989 , 1994 , 2012 Division championships ( 19 ) NFC West : 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1981 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1997 , 2002 , 2011 , 2012 Playoff appearances ( 26 ) AAFC : 1949 NFL : 1957 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1981 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2001 , 2002 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 Home fields Kezar Stadium ( 1946 -- 1970 ) Candlestick Park ( 1971 -- 2013 ) Stanford Stadium ( 1989 , one game after Loma Prieta earthquake ) Levi 's Stadium ( 2014 -- present ) The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team located in the San Francisco Bay Area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) West division . The team currently plays its home games at Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California , located 45 miles ( 72 km ) southeast of San Francisco in the heart of Silicon Valley . Since 1988 , the 49ers have been headquartered in Santa Clara . The team was founded in 1946 as a charter member of the All - America Football Conference ( AAFC ) and joined the NFL in 1949 when the leagues merged . The 49ers were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco . The name `` 49ers '' comes from the prospectors who arrived in Northern California in the 1849 Gold Rush . The team is legally and corporately registered as the San Francisco Forty Niners . The team began play at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving across town to Candlestick Park in 1970 and then to Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara in 2014 . The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships between 1981 and 1995 , led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana , Jerry Rice , Ronnie Lott , Steve Young , and coach Bill Walsh . As of 2017 , the team has won six conference championships , with the first in 1981 and the last in 2012 . They have been division champions 19 times between 1970 and 2012 winning nearly back to back games during the late 80s and early 90s , making them one of the most successful teams in NFL history . The 49ers have been in the league playoffs 26 times : 25 times in the NFL and one time in the AAFC . The team has set numerous notable NFL records , including most consecutive road games won ( 18 ) , most consecutive seasons leading league scoring ( 1992 -- 95 ) , most consecutive games scored ( 1979 to 2004 ) , most field goals in a season ( 44 ) , fewest turn - overs in a season ( 10 ) , and most touchdowns in a Super Bowl . According to Forbes Magazine , the team is the 4th most - valuable team in the NFL , valued at $3 billion in July 2016 . In 2016 , the 49ers were ranked the 10th most valuable sports team in the world , behind basketball 's Los Angeles Lakers and above soccer 's Bayern Munich . Contents ( hide ) 1 Franchise history 1.1 1946 -- 1978 : Early years 1.2 1979 -- 1980 : Arrival of Bill Walsh and Joe Montana 1.3 1981 -- 1984 : First two Super Bowls 1.4 1985 -- 1987 : Arrival of Jerry Rice 1.5 1988 -- 1989 : Back - to - back Super Bowls 1.6 1990 -- 1993 : Unsuccessful Three - peat / Steve Young Steps in 1.7 1994 -- 1998 : Fifth Super Bowl 1.8 1999 -- 2002 : Ownership change 1.9 2003 -- 2010 : Struggles 1.10 2011 -- 2014 : Jim Harbaugh era 1.10. 1 Replacement of Candlestick Park 1.11 2015 -- 2016 : Post-Harbaugh struggles 1.12 2017 -- present : Arrival of Kyle Shanahan and Jimmy Garoppolo 2 Championships 2.1 Super Bowls 2.2 NFC championships 3 Logos and uniforms 3.1 Logo 3.2 Uniforms 4 Cheerleaders and mascot 4.1 Cheerleaders 4.2 Mascot 5 Rivalries 5.1 NFC West 5.1. 1 Los Angeles Rams 5.1. 2 Seattle Seahawks 5.1. 3 Arizona Cardinals 5.2 Battle of the Bay rivalry 5.2. 1 Oakland Raiders 5.3 Historic rivals 6 Season - by - season records 7 Players and personnel 7.1 Current roster and coaching staff 7.2 Pro Football Hall of Famers 7.3 Retired numbers 7.4 49ers in the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame 7.5 49ers Hall of Fame 7.6 Forty - Niner 10 - year club 7.7 Franchise leaders 8 Achievements 8.1 Individual awards 9 Radio and television 9.1 San Francisco 49ers radio broadcasters history 9.2 Radio affiliates 9.3 San Francisco 49ers preseason TV broadcasters history 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links Franchise history ( edit ) 49ers team headquarters in Santa Clara Main article : History of the San Francisco 49ers 1946 -- 1978 : early years ( edit ) The San Francisco 49ers , an original member of the new All - America Football Conference ( AAFC ) , were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco , and one of the first major league professional sports teams based on the Pacific Coast . The team joined the Los Angeles Rams of the rival National Football League as the first `` big four '' - sport playing in the Western United States in 1946 , eventually becoming part of the NFL themselves in 1950 . In 1957 , the 49ers enjoyed their first sustained success as members of the NFL . After losing the opening game of the season , the 49ers won their next three against the Rams , Bears , and Packers before returning home to Kezar Stadium for a game against the Chicago Bears on October 27 , 1957 . The 49ers fell behind the Bears 17 -- 7 . Tragically , 49ers owner Tony Morabito ( 1910 -- 1957 ) collapsed of a heart attack and died during the game . The 49ers players learned of his death at halftime when coach Frankie Albert was handed a note with two words : `` Tony 's gone . '' With tears running down their faces , and motivated to win for their departed owner , the 49ers scored 14 unanswered points to win the game , 21 -- 17 . Dicky Moegle 's late - game interception in the endzone sealed the victory . After Tony 's death 49er ownership went to Victor Morabito ( 1919 -- 1964 ) and Tony 's widow , Josephine V. Morabito ( 1910 -- 1995 ) . The 49ers special assistant to the Morabitos , Louis G. Spadia ( 1921 -- 2013 ) was named general manager . Joe Perry played for the 49ers for 14 seasons . During the decade of the 1950s the 49ers were known for their so - called `` Million Dollar Backfield '' , consisting of four future Hall of Fame members : quarterback Y.A. Tittle and running backs John Henry Johnson , Hugh McElhenny , and Joe Perry . They became the only full - house backfield inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . For most of the next 13 years , the 49ers hovered around . 490 , except for 1963 and 1964 when they went 2 -- 12 and 4 -- 10 respectively . Key players for these 49ers included running back Ken Willard , quarterback John Brodie , and offensive lineman Bruce Bosley . During this time the 49ers became the first NFL team to use the shotgun formation . It was named by the man who actually devised the formation , San Francisco 49ers ' coach Red Hickey , in 1960 . The formation , where the quarterback lines up seven yards behind the center , was designed to allow the quarterback extra time to throw . The formation was used for the first time in 1960 and enabled the 49ers to beat the Baltimore Colts , who were not familiar with the formation . In 1961 , primarily using the shotgun , the 49ers got off to a fast 4 -- 1 start , including two shutouts in back - to - back weeks . In their sixth game they faced the Chicago Bears , who by moving players closer to the line of scrimmage and rushing the quarterback , were able to defeat the shotgun and in fact shut out the 49ers , 31 -- 0 . Though the 49ers went only 3 -- 5 -- 1 the rest of the way , the shotgun eventually became a component of most team 's offenses and is a formation used by football teams at all levels . In 1962 , the 49ers had a frustrating season as they won only 6 games that year . They won only one game at Kezar Stadium while on the road they won five of seven games . After posting a losing record in 1963 . Victor Morabito died May 10 , 1964 , at age 45 . The 1964 season was another lost campaign . According to the 1965 49ers Year Book the co-owners of the team were : Mrs. Josephine V. Morabito Fox , Mrs. Jane Morabito , Mrs. O.H. Heintzelman , Lawrence J. Purcell , Mrs. William O'Grady , Albert J. Ruffo , Franklin Mieuli , Frankie Albert , Louis G. Spadia and James Ginella . The 1965 49ers rebounded nicely to finish with a 7 -- 6 -- 1 record . They were led that year by John Brodie , who after being plagued by injuries came back to become one of the NFL 's best passers by throwing for 3,112 yards and 30 touchdowns . In 1966 , the Morabito widows named Lou Spadia , team president . For the 1968 season , the 49ers hired as their head coach Dick Nolan , who had been Tom Landry 's defensive coordinator with the Dallas Cowboys . Nolan 's first two seasons with the 49ers had gone much the same as the previous decade , with the 49ers going 7 -- 6 -- 1 and 4 -- 8 -- 2 . The 49ers started out the 1970 season 7 -- 1 -- 1 , their only loss a one - point defeat to Atlanta . After losses to Detroit and Los Angeles , the 49ers won their next two games before the season finale against the Oakland Raiders . Going into the game the 49ers had a half - game lead on the Rams and needed either a win or the Giants to defeat the Rams in their finale to give the 49ers their first ever divisional title . In the early game the Giants were crushed by the Rams 31 -- 3 , thus forcing the 49ers to win their game to clinch the division . In wet , rainy conditions in Oakland , the 49ers dominated the Raiders , 38 -- 7 , giving the 49ers their first divisional title , making them champions of the NFC West . The 49ers won their divisional playoff game 17 -- 14 against the defending conference champion Minnesota Vikings , thus setting up a matchup against the Dallas Cowboys for the NFC championship . In the final home game for the 49ers at Kezar Stadium the 49ers kept up with the Cowboys before losing , 17 -- 10 , thus giving the Cowboys their first conference championship . The 49ers sent five players to the Pro Bowl that season , including MVP veteran quarterback John Brodie , wide receiver Gene Washington , and linebacker Dave Wilcox . Nolan was also named NFL Coach of the Year for 1970 . Following the 1970 season the 49ers moved from Kezar Stadium to Candlestick Park . Despite being located on the outskirts of the city , Candlestick Park gave the 49ers a much more modern facility with more amenities that was easier for fans to access by highway . The 49ers won their second straight divisional title in 1971 with a 9 -- 5 record . The 49ers again won their divisional playoff game , this time against the Washington Redskins by a 24 -- 20 final score . This set up a rematch against the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC championship game , this time played in Dallas . Though the defense again held the Cowboys in check , the 49ers offense was ineffective and the eventual Super Bowl champion Cowboys beat the 49ers again , 14 -- 3 . In 1971 , eight 49ers made the Pro Bowl , including defensive back Jimmy Johnson and Gene Washington , both for the second year in a row , as well as defensive end Cedric Hardman , running back Vic Washington , and offensive lineman Forrest Blue . The 49ers won their third consecutive NFC West title in 1972 with five wins in their last six games , making them the only franchise to win their first three divisional titles after the 1970 AFL -- NFL merger . Their opponents this time in the divisional playoffs were the Dallas Cowboys , making it the third consecutive year the teams faced each other in the playoffs . Vic Washington took the opening kickoff 97 yards for a score , and the 49ers took a 21 -- 6 lead in the second quarter . After the 49ers took a 28 -- 13 lead in the 4th quarter , Tom Landry sent quarterback Roger Staubach , who was backing up Craig Morton , into the game . Staubach quickly led the Cowboys on a drive to a field goal , bringing the score to within 28 -- 16 , and as the game wound down it appeared that this would be the last points the Cowboys would get . However , Dallas completed the comeback in the last two minutes . Just after the two - minute warning Staubach took just four plays to drive 55 yards in only 32 seconds , hitting Billy Parks on a 20 - yard touchdown pass to bring the score to 28 -- 23 . Cowboys kicker Toni Fritsch then executed a successful onside kick that was recovered by Mel Renfro , giving the Cowboys the ball at midfield with 1 : 20 left on the clock . With the 49ers on the ropes , Staubach scrambled for 21 yards , then completed a 19 - yard sideline pass to Billy Parks who went out of bounds at the 10 - yard line to stop the clock . Staubach then completed the comeback with a 10 - yard touchdown pass to Ron Sellers with only 52 seconds left , giving the Cowboys a dramatic 30 -- 28 victory and sending the 49ers to yet another crushing playoff defeat . The 49ers run at the top of the NFC West ended in 1973 with the 49ers falling to a 5 -- 9 record , their worst since 1969 . The team lost six of its last eight games , including games to the also - ran New Orleans Saints and Detroit Lions . In the final season of his career , longtime 49ers quarterback John Brodie split playing time with two other quarterbacks , most notably longtime backup Steve Spurrier . The team also suffered from not having a dominant running back , with Vic Washington leading the team with only 534 yards rushing . In 1974 , the 49ers drafted Wilbur Jackson from the University of Alabama to be the team 's primary back . Jackson enjoyed a fine rookie year , leading the 49ers with 705 yards rushing . He and fellow running back Larry Schreiber combined for over 1,300 yards rushing . With Steve Spurrier injured and missing nearly the entire year , the 49ers did not have a regular quarterback but did put together a respectable 6 -- 8 record . Following the season , longtime tight end Ted Kwalick left the 49ers to join the World Football League , then the Oakland Raiders upon the WFL 's dissolution . The 49ers dropped to 5 -- 9 in what would be Dick Nolan 's final season as coach in 1975 , losing their final four games of the season . Wilbur Jackson was hurt much of the year and Delvin Williams led the 49ers in rushing with 631 yards rushing . Following the 1975 season the 49ers traded for New England Patriots quarterback Jim Plunkett , former Heisman Trophy winner from nearby Stanford University ( which was also the alma mater of John Brodie ) . Though Plunkett had shown promise with the Patriots , he had not won there and it was thought that he needed a change of scenery . Monte Clark was also brought on as 49ers head coach . The 49ers featured one of the best running games in the NFL in 1976 . Delvin Williams emerged as an elite back , gaining over 1,200 yards rushing and made the Pro Bowl . Wilbur Jackson also enjoyed a resurgence , rushing for 792 yards . Once again Gene Washington was the team 's leading receiver with 457 yards receiving and six scores . The 49ers started the season 6 -- 1 for their best start since 1970 . Most of the wins were against second - tier teams , although the 49ers did shut out the Rams 16 -- 0 , in Los Angeles on Monday Night Football . In that game the 49ers recorded 10 sacks , including 6 by Tommy Hart . However , the 49ers lost four games in a row , including two against divisional rivals Los Angeles and Atlanta that proved fatal to their playoff hopes . Louis G. Spadia retired from the 49ers in 1977 upon the team 's sale to the DeBartolo Family . The team was sold to Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. in March 1977 , and despite finishing the season with a winning record of 8 -- 6 , Clark was fired after just one season by newly hired general manager Joe Thomas , who oversaw the worst stretch of football in the team 's history . Under coach Ken Meyer the 49ers lost their first five games of the 1977 season , including being shut out twice . Though they won five of their next six , they lost their last three games to finish the season 5 -- 9 . Playing in San Francisco did not revive Plunkett 's career as he had another disappointing season , throwing only 9 touchdown passes . Bright spots for the 49ers included defensive linemen Tommy Hart and Cleveland Elam , who made the Pro Bowl , and running backs Wilbur Jackson and Delvin Williams , who combined for over 1,600 yards rushing . Gene Washington again led the team in receiving in 1977 , his final year with the 49ers . The 1977 offseason was marked by a number of questionable moves by Joe Thomas that backfired badly . Thomas 's big offseason acquisition was running back O.J. Simpson from the Buffalo Bills . As with Plunkett two years previously , it was thought that rescuing Simpson from a bad situation and bringing him to the west coast where he had been raised would rejuvenate his career . To create playing time for Simpson , Thomas traded Delvin Williams to the Miami Dolphins for wide receiver Freddie Solomon . Thomas also released Jim Plunkett , giving up on him after two seasons . Finally , Thomas fired Meyer after only one season , and replaced him with Pete McCulley , his third coach in three seasons . The 1978 season was a disaster for the 49ers , as they finished 2 -- 14 , their only wins coming against the Cincinnati Bengals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Simpson indeed led the team in rushing , but with less than 600 yards . It became apparent that Simpson 's knees and body were worn out , and he was near the end of his career . Wilbur Jackson also missed the entire season due to injury . Even worse for the franchise was that their first pick of the 1979 draft was traded to the Bills as part of the O.J. Simpson deal . Joe Thomas was fired following the season . Some of the key players that became part of the 49ers stunning rise began their 49ers career in 1978 . Rookie quarterback Steve DeBerg , Joe Montana 's first mentor , was the 49ers starting quarterback . Running back Paul Hofer and center / guard Randy Cross also started with the 49ers in 1978 . 1979 -- 1980 : arrival of Bill Walsh and Joe Montana ( edit ) The headquarters of The DeBartolo Corporation in Boardman , Ohio with the 49ers logo on the building , signifying the team 's ownership by the Youngstown - based DeBartolo - York family . The team was led in its turnaround from late 1970s doormat by new owner Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. and head coach Bill Walsh . The former head coach of Stanford University was known for stockpiling draft picks , making excellent draft selections , and patching roster holes by acquiring key free agents . Bill Walsh was hired to be the 49ers head coach in the 1978 off - season . Walsh was a disciple of Paul Brown , and served as Brown 's offensive coordinator with the Cincinnati Bengals from 1968 to 1975 . However , Brown did not appoint him as his successor upon his retirement , choosing another assistant , former 49ers center Bill `` Tiger '' Johnson . Desiring head coach experience , Walsh looked to Stanford University in 1977 . He had had some success there before the 49ers tapped him to be their replacement . Walsh is given credit for popularizing the ' West Coast offense ' . The Bill Walsh offense was actually created and refined while he was an assistant coach with the Bengals . The offense utilizes a short , precise , timed passing game as a replacement / augmentation of the running game . The offense is extremely difficult to defend against as it is content to consistently make 6 -- 8 - yard gains all the way down the field . ( The other West Coast offense -- more focused on the vertical , or downfield , passing game -- was actually created by 1960s L.A. / San Diego coach Sid Gillman , and San Diego State coach Don Coryell , who also employed a version of it as head coach of the St. Louis ( football ) Cardinals and San Diego Chargers during a period where it garnered the nickname `` Air Coryell '' . ) In Walsh 's first draft , the 49ers had targeted Notre Dame quarterback Joe Montana as an early round pick . Montana had enjoyed a storied college career , leading the Fighting Irish to the 1977 national title and a number of dramatic comeback victories , the most stunning of all being his final game , at the 1979 Cotton Bowl Classic . Playing the University of Houston in an ice storm , and with Montana suffering from a bad flu , Notre Dame was down 34 -- 10 in the third quarter . However , Montana led a magnificent rally that culminated with him throwing a touchdown pass on the game 's final play to give Notre Dame the 35 -- 34 win . Joe Montana in 2006 Despite this , most scouts did not peg Montana as a top prospect . Although 6'2 '' and 190 -- 200 lbs. , Montana 's arm strength was considered suspect as was the consistency of his play . Although he did get his share of the credit , most thought of him as a system player surrounded by a great team . In the 1979 draft , the Dallas Cowboys were placed just ahead of the 49ers . The Cowboys ' draft strategy through that time was to take the highest - ranked player on their draft board at the time of their selection , regardless of position . When the Cowboys ' turn came up in the third round , the highest rated player on their board was Montana . However , feeling that the quarterback position was in excellent long - term shape with Roger Staubach and Danny White , and desperately needing a tight end , the Cowboys went off their strategy and drafted Doug Cosbie . The 49ers took Montana . The 49ers other notable draft choice of the 1979 draft was wide receiver Dwight Clark in the 10th round . Walsh discovered the unheralded Clark while scouting quarterback Steve Fuller of Clemson University as Clark ran routes for Fuller during Walsh 's evaluation of the quarterback . Walsh 's serendipitous discovery of Clark proved to be an early glimpse into the coach 's keen eye for talent . As Walsh implemented his strategies and game plan , the 49ers had another year of losing , finishing 2 -- 14 like the previous season . There were , however , a number of bright spots . Despite throwing more interceptions ( 21 ) than touchdowns ( 17 ) , Steve DeBerg blossomed under Walsh , throwing for over 3,600 yards and completing 60 % of his passes . Freddie Solomon also had a good year , with over 800 yards receiving . The running game was patchwork , with Paul Hofer leading the team with 615 yards and O.J. Simpson , in his final season , rushing for only 460 yards and being sidelined with injuries . The 49ers got off to a strong start in 1980 , winning their first three games of the season . However , the team , still maturing , lost their next eight games in a row . Many of those games though were close , and the 49ers acquitted themselves well . During the season Walsh alternated DeBerg and Montana at quarterback . Though DeBerg had played well for the 49ers , Walsh felt the team 's best chance to win in the long run was with Montana . He alternated the two quarterbacks , giving Montana some experience while keeping opponents off guard . This strategy of alternating quarterbacks from game to game and during games is rare in football , although it had been employed by other successful teams in the past , specifically the Dallas Cowboys of the early 1970s who alternated Roger Staubach and Craig Morton , and the Los Angeles Rams of the late 1940s alternating Norm Van Brocklin and Bob Waterfield . In all DeBerg started nine games , going 4 -- 5 with 1,998 yards , 12 touchdowns and 17 interceptions . Montana started seven games , going 2 -- 5 with 1,795 yards , 15 touchdowns , and nine picks ; Montana also had a better completion percentage at 64.5 to DeBerg 's 57.9 . The highlight of the 1980 season , and a sign of good things to come , came in Week 14 . The 49ers trailed the New Orleans Saints , who at the time were winless at 0 -- 13 , 35 -- 7 at halftime . However , led by Joe Montana , the 49ers made ( what was then ) the greatest comeback in NFL history , coming back to tie the score in regulation and winning the game in overtime with a field goal by Ray Wersching to give the 49ers an incredible 38 -- 35 victory . It was this game , which marked Montana 's first big NFL comeback win , that won Montana the quarterback job full - time . A number of key players emerged for the 49ers in 1980 . Among them were Dwight Clark , who led the 49ers with 82 receptions and just under 1,000 yards receiving , and running back Earl Cooper , who ran for over 700 yards . 1981 -- 1984 : first two Super Bowls ( edit ) See also : 1981 San Francisco 49ers season and The Catch ( American football ) Head coach Bill Walsh led the 49ers to their first NFL championship , defeating the Bengals 26 -- 21 in Super Bowl XVI . With the offense playing well consistently , Walsh and the 49ers focused on overhauling the defense in 1981 . Walsh took the highly unusual step of overhauling his entire secondary with rookies and untested players , bringing on board Ronnie Lott , Eric Wright and Carlton Williamson and giving Dwight Hicks a prominent role . He also acquired veteran linebacker Jack `` Hacksaw '' Reynolds and veteran defensive lineman and sack specialist Fred Dean . These new additions , when added to existing defensive mainstays like Keena Turner , turned the 49ers into an offensively and defensively balanced , dominant team . After a 1 -- 2 start , the 49ers won all but one of their remaining games to finish with a 13 -- 3 record , up to this point in time it was the team 's best regular season win - loss record in its history . Dean made the Pro Bowl , as did Lott , and Hicks . Led by Montana , the unusual offense was centered on the short passing game , which Walsh used as ball control . Both Dwight Clark and Freddie Solomon had excellent years receiving ; Clark as the possession receiver , and Solomon as more of a deep threat . The 49ers running game , however , was among the weakest in the league . Ricky Patton led the 49ers with only 543 yards rushing . The 49ers ' most valuable running back , however , might have been Earl Cooper , whose strength was as a pass - catching back . The 49ers faced the New York Giants in the divisional playoffs and won , 38 -- 24 . This set up an NFC championship game match - up with the Dallas Cowboys , whom the 49ers historically could not beat during their playoff runs in the early 1970s . The 49ers played the Cowboys tough , but the Cowboys forced six turnovers and held the lead late . The 49ers were down 27 -- 21 and on their own 11 - yard line with 4 : 54 remaining . As Montana had done for Notre Dame and the 49ers so many times before , he led the 49ers on a sustained final 89 - yard drive to the Cowboys ' 6 - yard line . On a 3rd - and - 3 play , with his primary receiver covered , Montana rolled right and threw the ball off balance to Dwight Clark in the end zone , who leaped up and caught the ball to tie the game at 27 ( now known as `` The Catch '' ) , with the extra point giving the 49ers the lead . Despite this , the Cowboys had one last chance to win . On the first play of the next possession , Cowboys receiver Drew Pearson caught a pass from Danny White and got to midfield before he was pulled down by the jersey at the 49ers 44 - yard line by Cornerback Eric Wright saving a potential late - touchdown . On the next play , White was sacked by Lawrence Pillers and fumbled the ball , which was recovered by Jim Stuckey , giving the 49ers the win and a trip to their first ever Super Bowl against the Cincinnati Bengals , who were also in their first Super Bowl . In Super Bowl XVI The 49ers took a 20 -- 0 halftime lead and held on to win 26 -- 21 behind kicker Ray Wersching 's four field goals and a key defensive stand . Throughout the ' 81 season , the defense had been a significant reason for the team 's success , despite residing in the shadow of the then - innovative offense . Montana won MVP honors mostly on the strength of leading the 49ers on a 92 - yard , 12 play drive culminating in a touchdown pass to Earl Cooper . Thus did the 49ers complete one of the most dramatic and complete turnarounds in NFL history , going from a 2 -- 14 season followed by a 6 -- 10 season to a Super Bowl championship . The 1982 season was a bad one for the 49ers , as they lost all five games at Candlestick Park en route to a 3 -- 6 record in a strike - shortened season . This was the 49ers last losing season for the next 17 years . Joe Montana was the one highlight , passing for 2,613 yards in just nine games , highlighted by five straight games in which he broke the 300 - yard barrier . Roger Craig ( middle ) and Joe Montana ( right ) led the 49ers to their second Super Bowl victory ( XIX ) in three seasons . In 1983 , the 49ers won their final three games of the season , finishing with a 10 -- 6 record and winning their 2nd NFC Western Divisional Title in three years . Leading the rebound was Joe Montana with another stellar season , passing for 3,910 yards and connecting on 26 touchdowns . In the NFC Divisional Playoffs , they hosted the Detroit Lions . The 49ers jumped out in front early and led 17 -- 9 entering the 4th quarter , but the Lions roared back , scoring two touchdowns to take a 23 -- 17 lead . However , Montana led a comeback , hitting wide receiver Freddie Solomon on a game - winning 14 - yard touchdown pass with 2 : 00 left on the clock to put the 49ers ahead 24 -- 23 . The game ended when a potential game - winning FG attempt by Lions kicker Eddie Murray missed . The next week , the 49ers came back from a 21 -- 0 deficit against the Washington Redskins in the NFC championship game to tie the game , only to lose , after a questionable defensive holding call , 24 -- 21 on a Mark Moseley field goal that sent the Redskins to Super Bowl XVIII . In 1984 , the 49ers had one of the greatest seasons in team history by finishing the regular season 15 -- 1 -- 0 , setting the record for most regular season wins that was later equaled by the 1985 Chicago Bears , the 1998 Minnesota Vikings , the 2004 Pittsburgh Steelers , the 2011 Green Bay Packers and finally broken by the 2007 New England Patriots ( with 16 regular season victories ) . Their 18 wins overall is also still a record , tied by the 1985 Bears and the 2007 New England Patriots ( they won 18 straight , but lost Super Bowl XLII to the New York Giants ) . The 49ers ' only defeat in the 1984 season was a 20 -- 17 loss to the Steelers ; a late field goal attempt in that game by San Francisco kicker Ray Wersching went off the uprights and was no good . In the playoffs , they beat the New York Giants 21 -- 10 , shut out the Chicago Bears 23 -- 0 in the NFC championship , and in Super Bowl XIX the 49ers shut down a record - setting year by NFL MVP Dan Marino ( and his speedy receivers Mark Clayton and Mark Duper ) , beating the Miami Dolphins 38 -- 16 . Their entire defensive backfield ( Ronnie Lott , Eric Wright , Dwight Hicks , and Carlton Williamson ) was elected to the Pro Bowl -- an NFL first . 1985 -- 1987 : arrival of Jerry Rice ( edit ) In the 1985 NFL Draft , the team received the 28th overall pick after winning the Super bowl the previous year . On draft day , the 49ers traded its first two picks for New England 's first - round choice , the 16th selection overall ( the teams also swapped third - round picks as part of the deal ) , and selected Jerry Rice from Mississippi Valley State . It was reported that the Dallas Cowboys , who had the 17th selection overall , were intending to pick him . In the 1985 season , the 49ers were not as dominant as in 1984 , finishing the regular season with a 10 -- 6 record and a wild card berth . Jerry Rice struggled at times ( dropping numerous passes ) , but he still impressed the NFL in his rookie season for the 49ers in 1985 , especially after a 10 - catch , 241 - yard game against the Los Angeles Rams in December . Rice was named NFC Offensive Rookie of the Year after recording 49 catches for 927 yards , and averaging 19.9 yards per catch , Roger Craig became the first NFL player to gain 1,000 yards rushing and 1,000 yards receiving in the same season . In the 1985 playoffs the 49ers were quickly eliminated from the playoffs by the New York Giants 17 -- 3 . In the 1986 NFL season the 49ers got off to a quick start after a 31 -- 7 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on opening day . But the win was costly ; Joe Montana injured his back and was out for two months , the injury was to a spinal disc in Montana 's lower back and required immediate surgery . The injury was so severe that Montana 's doctors suggested that Montana retire . On September 15 , 1986 , the 49ers placed Montana on the injured reserve list , Jeff Kemp became the starting quarterback , and the 49ers went 4 -- 3 -- 1 in September and October . Montana returned to the team on November 6 of that year . In his first game back from injury Montana passed for 270 yards and three touchdown passes in a 43 -- 17 49er victory against the St. Louis Cardinals . The 49ers caught fire , winning the next 5 of the final 7 games , including a 24 -- 14 win over the Los Angeles Rams , to clinch the NFC West title . Jerry Rice continued to show improvement from the previous season catching 86 passes for a league - leading 1,570 yards and 15 touchdowns . Montana was co-recipient of the 1986 NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award , which he shared with Vikings quarterback Tommy Kramer . However , the New York Giants would defeat the 49ers again in the playoffs , 49 -- 3 in the team 's worst post-season loss to date . Montana was again injured in the first half by a hit from the Giants ' Jim Burt . In the off - season , Bill Walsh was concerned about Montana 's health going forward , and with no reliable back - up at quarterback he completed a trade for Steve Young , then a quarterback with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . During the strike - shortened 1987 season , the 49ers had become one of the NFL 's elite teams once again with a league best 13 -- 2 . Joe Montana had a bounce back year after suffering from the injuries the previous year and being questioned by the media if he could still produce at a high level by throwing 31 touchdown passes , a career - high . He also set the NFL record for most consecutive pass attempts without an incomplete pass ( 22 ) , passed for 3,054 yards , and had a passer rating of 102.1 . Rice had established himself as an elite receiver , he caught 65 passes for 1,078 yards and a then NFL - record 22 touchdowns in just 12 games . 1987 was the second of six seasons in which Rice would lead the NFL in receiving and / or touchdown receptions , he was named Offensive Player of the Year . By the end of the regular season the 49ers were ranked No. 1 on both offense and defense and were heavy favorites to win the Super Bowl . However , they were stunned in the NFC Divisional Round losing to what was believed to be an inferior Minnesota Vikings team 36 -- 24 , their third straight playoff loss in a row . Joe Montana had one of his worst post-season games of his career , and was eventually benched during the game in favor of Steve Young , who scored a rushing touchdown and threw another . After the game Eddie DeBartolo stripped Walsh of the team president title . Dwight Clark retired that off - season . 1988 -- 1989 : back - to - back Super Bowls ( edit ) During the off - season , a quarterback controversy between Joe Montana and Steve Young had begun after Montana 's poor performance in the playoffs the previous year . Many speculated that the 1988 season would be his last year with the team . In the 1988 NFL season , the 49ers struggled to start the season ; Walsh would constantly switch QBs between Montana ( who suffered an elbow injury week 1 that would linger for most of the season ) and Young . At one point , they were 6 -- 5 and the team was in danger of missing the playoffs . Before week 11 , Ronnie Lott called a players - only meeting ; after the meeting the team came together and defeated the defending Super Bowl champion Washington Redskins in a Monday night game , Montana had fully recovered from his injury and retook the starting quarterback job as the team eventually finished the season at 10 -- 6 . They gained a measure of revenge by routing the Minnesota Vikings 34 -- 9 in the divisional playoffs . The 49ers then traveled to Chicago 's Soldier Field for the NFC championship against the Chicago Bears , where the wind chill factor at game time was - 26 ° . However , despite the weather , Joe Montana picked apart the Bears ' top - rated defense by scoring three touchdowns as the 49ers dominated the Bears with a 28 -- 3 victory , earning the team 's third trip to the Super Bowl , to go against the Cincinnati Bengals . In Super Bowl XXIII , despite numerous trips deep into Cincinnati territory by the 49ers , the game was tied 3 -- 3 at halftime . Early in the fourth quarter , Montana tied the score at 13 ; however , Cincinnati regained the lead on a Jim Breech field goal to put the Bengals ahead 16 -- 13 with just over three minutes left on the clock . Following the kickoff , and a holding penalty , the 49ers took over on their 8 - yard line with 3 : 08 left on the clock . Joe Montana began the final drive by stepping into the huddle and remarking to offensive tackle Harris Barton , during a television timeout , `` hey , there 's John Candy '' , as he pointed to the stands on the other side of the field . His calm demeanor reassured the 49ers , and he then engineered what some consider the greatest drive in Super Bowl history , as he drove the team 92 yards for the winning touchdown on a pass to John Taylor with only 34 seconds left , as they captured their third Super bowl championship with a score of 20 -- 16 . Jerry Rice was named Super Bowl MVP . After Super Bowl XXIII , Bill Walsh retired as head coach ; his defensive coordinator and handpicked successor , George Seifert , took over as head coach . In the 1989 NFL season , Joe Montana threw for 3,521 yards and 26 touchdowns , with only 8 interceptions , giving him a 112.4 quarterback rating , which was then the highest single - season passer rating in NFL history , and was named NFL Most Valuable Player . Jerry Rice , in his fifth year in the league , continued to dominate ; he led the league with almost 1490 receiving yards , and 17 touchdowns . The 49ers clinched their fourth straight division title , beating the Los Angeles Rams 30 -- 27 after a dramatic second - half comeback ; they finished 14 -- 2 , gaining home - field advantage throughout the playoffs . Their two losses were by a combined five points . In the divisional playoffs , they easily defeated the Vikings , 41 -- 13 . In the NFC championship game , they played against the Rams for a third time ; the previous two games were decided by a total of 4 points , but they were able to blow out the Rams 30 -- 3 earning another trip to the Super bowl , where they defeated the Denver Broncos in relatively easy fashion by a score of 55 -- 10 in Super Bowl XXIV -- setting a record for points scored and widest margin of victory in a Super Bowl . Montana himself set many Super Bowl records ( some since tied or surpassed ) en route to his third Super Bowl MVP . In winning the Super Bowl , the 49ers became the only team to win back - to - back Super Bowls under different head coaches . This 1989 championship team is often regarded as one of the most dominant teams in NFL history , winning three playoff games by a combined 100 points . 1990 -- 1993 : unsuccessful three - peat / Steve Young steps in ( edit ) 49ers wall of trophies at the Marie P. DeBartolo Sports Center In 1990 , the 49ers won their first 10 games , and they eventually finished 14 -- 2 . They ripped through the season , and the coveted third consecutive Super Bowl victory seemed within reach . In the playoffs , the 49ers dispatched the Washington Redskins 28 -- 10 , setting up a conference championship game with the New York Giants . Despite not scoring a touchdown in the game , the Giants took advantage of a fourth - quarter injury to Montana and converted a faked punt attempt to thwart the 49ers attempt at a `` three - peat . '' The Giants kicked a last - second field goal after recovering a Roger Craig fumble in the final minutes of the game , winning 15 -- 13 and going on to win Super Bowl XXV . During their quest for a `` three - peat '' between 1988 and 1990 , the 49ers set a league record with 19 consecutive road victories . Joe Montana missed almost all of the following two seasons with a recurring elbow injury . Following the 1990 season , the 49ers left team stalwarts Roger Craig and Ronnie Lott unprotected and let them go to the Los Angeles Raiders via Plan B free agency . In 1991 , Steve Young injured the thumb on his throwing hand and later was sidelined with an injured knee . After 10 games , the 49ers had a record of 4 -- 6 . Backup quarterback Steve Bono helped the team win its next five games with Young sidelined . In the final game of the season , Monday night versus the NFC 's number two seed , Young returned and the 49ers beat the Chicago Bears 52 -- 14 , finishing 10 -- 6 . However , the team missed qualifying for the playoffs by virtue of losing the head - to - head tiebreaker to the Atlanta Falcons , which had beaten the 49ers on a last - second Hail Mary pass earlier in the season . The 1992 and 1993 seasons saw a resurgent 49er team under the leadership of Steve Young , but a subpar and aging defense could only take them to the NFC championship game before falling to the Dallas Cowboys each time . In 1992 , Joe Montana came back after missing almost two full seasons due to an elbow injury in his throwing arm , and started the second half of a Monday night game versus Detroit on December 28 , 1992 . With the 49ers clinging to a 7 -- 6 lead , Montana entered the game and looked as though he had not missed a single snap , completing 15 -- 21 for 126 yards and 2 touchdowns , as the 49ers defeated the Lions 24 -- 6 . The 49ers finished the 1992 season with a 14 -- 2 record and home field advantage in the playoffs . San Francisco defeated the Washington Redskins 20 -- 13 in the divisional playoff game , but lost to the Dallas Cowboys 30 -- 20 in the NFC championship at Candlestick Park . At the end of the 1992 season , partly fueled by media hype , the biggest quarterback controversy in football history was in full swing . After discussions with the owner and the coach , Montana asked for , and was granted , a trade to the Kansas City Chiefs prior to the 1993 season . Despite Eddie DeBartolo wanting Montana to stay and start , Montana realized that he and Young could not stay with the 49ers without a controversy . Montana was later quoted as saying , `` If I had stayed and started , there would have been problems . If I had stayed and Steve Young had started , there would have been problems . '' When Joe Montana left for Kansas City , Steve Young took over and had to fill some big shoes . Fans made it difficult as they had high hopes and if he did not fill those hopes , questions would be brought up from the fans as why would they get rid of Joe Montana . But with the 5th Super Bowl Win in 1994 that eliminated many of the fans questions if he was good enough . The 49ers finished the 1993 season , the team 's first without Joe Montana on the roster , with a 10 -- 6 record and no . 2 seed in the playoffs . San Francisco defeated the New York Giants 44 -- 3 in the divisional playoff game , but lost to the Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 21 in the NFC championship at Texas Stadium . 1994 -- 1998 : fifth Super Bowl ( edit ) A 49ers Super Bowl ring for Super Bowl XXIX . In 1994 , the team spent large amounts of money on the addition of several star free agents from other teams , including Ken Norton Jr. , Gary Plummer , Rickey Jackson , Bart Oates , Richard Dent , Charles Mann and Deion Sanders . Additionally , several rookie players made key contributions to the team , some becoming season - long starters such as defensive tackle Bryant Young , fullback William Floyd , and linebacker Lee Woodall . Due to injuries to the offensive line , the 49ers had some tough times early in the season , including a 40 -- 8 home loss to the Philadelphia Eagles , and a 24 -- 17 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs , led by former 49ers quarterback Joe Montana . Following the Eagles game , a poll conducted on local sports radio station KNBR showed that an overwhelming majority of 49er fans wanted head coach George Seifert fired . The game against the Eagles was a turning point for the 49ers despite the lopsided score . Young was benched in the 3rd quarter and was later seen livid on the sidelines , shouting profanities at Seifert . The following week in Detroit , the 49ers trailed the Lions 14 -- 0 . After throwing a pass , Young was hit , picked up , and driven into the ground by three Lions defenders . After the hit , Young was screaming with his face dark red in color . He crawled most of the way off of the field before refusing help from the trainers as he limped the remaining way off the field . He miraculously returned to the field one play later ( NFL rules state that after trainers attend to an injured player , that player must leave the field for at least one play ) to lead the 49ers to a 27 -- 21 victory . The team rallied around Young to win 10 straight games , including a 21 -- 14 victory over the two - time defending Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys . During that span the 49ers ' average margin of victory was nearly 20 points per game , a sustained dominance not seen since the 1985 Chicago Bears . Despite scoring only 8 points in one game and 14 in another , the 49ers set a new record for total regular season and post season combined points scored . That record was later broken by the New England Patriots in 2007 ( the 1998 Minnesota Vikings scored 556 regular season points , but only 68 post season points , for a total of 624 points , while the 1994 49ers scored 495 regular season points and 131 post season points for a total of 626 , the second highest mark in NFL history ) . Even after those initial rough spots early in the season , the 49ers finished the season 13 -- 3 and with home field advantage throughout the playoffs . In their first game , they easily defeated the Chicago Bears , 44 -- 15 , setting up the third straight 49ers -- Cowboys NFC championship game . The 49ers took advantage of three early Cowboys turnovers , taking a 21 -- 0 lead in the first quarter . Taking a 31 -- 14 lead into halftime after a perfect 29 - yard pass from Young to Rice in the closing seconds , the game appeared to be far out of reach for the Cowboys . But a 49er fumble on the opening kick of the 3rd quarter led to a Cowboy score , cutting the lead to 31 -- 21 . Later , the 49ers responded with a Steve Young touchdown run , making it 38 -- 21 , before the Cowboys scored another touchdown in the final minutes for a final score of 38 -- 28 . The convincing win qualified the 49ers for their fifth Super Bowl appearance , and the first to be played by two teams from California . The 49ers steamrolled the San Diego Chargers 49 -- 26 , at the time becoming the first team to win a record five Super Bowls . With a record 6 touchdown passes , Steve Young was named the game 's MVP . Their run of five Super Bowl wins in 14 seasons ( 1981 -- 1994 ) solidified them as one of the all - time greatest NFL teams . The 49ers made the playoffs in 1995 and again in 1996 , being eliminated by the Green Bay Packers both times in the Divisional Round . On January 17 , 1997 , George Seifert retired as 49ers head coach . On the same day as Seifert 's retirement , the 49ers hired Cal head coach Steve Mariucci as his replacement . At the time , Mariucci only had one year of head - coaching experience at any level . The first game of the 1997 season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers was a disaster , as both quarterback Steve Young and receiver Jerry Rice went down with injuries . Rice appeared to be out for the season with a serious knee injury , while Steve Young left the game with one of the many concussions he suffered throughout his career . However , the team overcame adversity : Steve Young returned two weeks later , and with the league 's number one defense , the 49ers finished the season with a 13 -- 3 record which included an 11 - game winning streak which was the longest by a rookie head coach at the time , and the 49ers became the quickest team in NFL history to clinch their division at the time . Rice returned for one and a half quarters in week 16 against the Denver Broncos , before getting another injury to his knee ( unrelated to the first one ) . In the playoffs the 49ers defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38 -- 22 , advancing to the NFC championship game for the first time since 1994 , where they again met the Green Bay Packers at Candlestick Park , but lost 23 -- 10 . During that season Eddie DeBartolo Jr. was involved in a corruption investigation regarding Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards and one of his Mississippi riverboat casinos . DeBartolo later pleaded guilty to a failure to report a felony charge in 1998 . He was suspended from active control of the 49ers for one year . His sister , Denise , and her husband , Dr. John York , took over operations of the team . In 1998 , Jerry Rice finally returned from his knee injury week 1 against the New York Jets , a game best remembered for running back Garrison Hearst 's 96 - yard touchdown run in overtime to win the game . The 49ers had the 2nd most productive offense in league history . Steve Young , who was questioned if his concussion history would put an end to his career , had his best season , throwing for 4,170 yards , 36 touchdowns and only 12 interceptions . A healthy Jerry Rice , 3rd - year player Terrell Owens , and 4th - year player J.J. Stokes became the first WR - trio in team history to catch at least 60 passes in the same season , Hearst ran for 1,570 yards and 7 touchdowns while averaging 5.1 yards per carry . The 49ers finished 12 -- 4 , their 16th straight winning season ( all with 10 wins or more ) , earning a wildcard berth . Once again , the 49ers faced the Green Bay Packers in the playoffs . Things looked bleak when the 49ers trailed 27 -- 23 in the waning seconds . However , in the game 's final moment , Young hit Terrell Owens ( who was having a terrible game up to that point ) on a dramatic , game - winning 25 - yard touchdown pass , dubbed by many as `` The Catch II '' . That put the 49ers ahead 30 -- 27 with just three seconds left on the game clock , sealing the win . After finally beating the Packers , the 49ers went on to lose to the eventual NFC champion Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional round 20 -- 18 , in a game that was marked by Hearst suffering a gruesome broken ankle on the first play from scrimmage . 1999 -- 2002 : ownership change ( edit ) DeBartolo returned from his suspension in 1999 , but a series of lawsuits over control of the family 's vast holdings led him to surrender controlling interest to the Yorks as part of a 2000 settlement . Denise York became chairwoman of the board , while John York became CEO . On the field , the 1999 49ers got off to a 3 -- 1 start , then in a nationally televised Monday Night Football game against the Arizona Cardinals , Steve Young suffered a blindside hit from cornerback Aeneas Williams that knocked him out of the game and eventually convinced him to retire . At the time it was believed the severe hit ended his career but Young later said in interviews he could have come back to play another season or two . After meeting with then - general manager Bill Walsh and being told about how the salary cap troubles would make the team non-competitive , Young chose to retire rather than risk his long - term health further for a likely losing club . Without their future Hall of Famer , 29 - year - old rookie Jeff Garcia took over as starting quarterback , but he would be benched for poor performances in favor of Steve Stenstrom . Garcia would be reinstated as the starting quarterback and in the final 5 games of the regular season . The 49ers lost 11 of their last 12 games , and suffered their first losing season in a non-strike year since 1980 , which was also the last time that the 49ers did not win at least ten or more games in a season . Bobb McKittrick , 49ers offensive line coach since 1979 , also died of cancer following the 1999 season . Before the 2000 season Jeff Garcia was named the starting quarterback despite the 49ers drafting two quarterbacks ( Giovanni Carmazzi in the third round and Tim Rattay in the seventh ) . Garcia kept the starting job throughout the season and showed drastic improvement from the previous year . He broke a franchise record for most passing yards in one season , with 4,278 passing yards and 31 touchdowns and only 10 interceptions . Garcia and Terrell Owens , who established himself as the team 's number - one receiver , both earned their first Pro Bowl selections . However , the 49ers finished 6 -- 10 , missing the playoffs for the second straight season for the first time since 1979 and 1980 , due to a defense that gave up 26.4 points per game and a total of 422 points . The 2000 season was Jerry Rice 's final year with the 49ers ; he played 16 seasons with the team . In the 2001 season the 49ers established themselves as a playoff team once again after two down years . They finished with a 12 -- 4 record and a wildcard berth . A quarter of their wins came in 4th - quarter comebacks . Their defense also had a bounce - back year , going from the 28th - ranked defense in 2000 , to the 9th - ranked . Terrell Owens had become Jeff Garcia 's favorite target . Garrison Hearst , who had been forced to retire from football after breaking his ankle in the 1998 divisional playoffs , finally returned to the line - up after over two years of rehabilitation . He became the first player in NFL history to come back to football after suffering avascular necrosis . He had an excellent season , rushing for 1,206 yards on a 4.8 average . His comeback earned him the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award . In the final 6 weeks of the season the 49ers defense shut out 3 teams ( the Buffalo Bills , Miami Dolphins , and New Orleans Saints ) , and had one of the most stupendous goal - line stands against the Philadelphia Eagles . In the team 's first playoff game in 2 years , they played against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field in the NFC Wild Card , but lost 25 -- 15 . The 2002 NFL season began with the divisional realignment . The 49ers gained two new divisional rivals , the Seattle Seahawks and Arizona Cardinals , while former divisional foes Atlanta Falcons , New Orleans Saints , and Carolina Panthers moved to the newly formed NFC South . The team 's production dropped from the previous year . Jeff Garcia went from having 31 and 32 touchdowns in the previous 2 seasons , to only 21 in 2002 . The 49ers defense struggled at times , dropping from the 9th - ranked defense in the previous season to the 19th - ranked . Even though the team did not have the same success as they did in the 2001 regular season , the 49ers won the NFC West for the first time since 1997 , with the division - clinching game coming on a last - second touchdown pass to Terrell Owens against the Dallas Cowboys . The 49ers finished 10 -- 6 . In the 2002 -- 03 NFL playoffs they hosted the New York Giants in the 2002 NFC Wild Card . The Giants had a 38 -- 14 lead late in the third quarter ; however , the Giants defense , which had been highly ranked all year , began to collapse , and by the final minute in the 4th quarter Jeff Garcia had led the team back from the 24 - point deficit to take a 1 - point lead . Giants quarterback Kerry Collins then led a drive in the game 's final minute to put the Giants at the 49ers ' 23 - yard line with six seconds left for a shot at a game - winning field goal . Long snapper Trey Junkin , who had been signed by the Giants that week , made a bad snap , so holder Matt Allen attempted a desperate pass down the field , which fell incomplete , but there was a flag on the play . The initial thought by spectators and the Giants was that pass interference had clearly been committed by the 49ers defense , but the flag was against the Giants for an ineligible receiver , so the game was over . The next day , the NFL admitted that the referee had blown the call , that the 49ers had indeed committed pass interference , and that the down should have been replayed . A press conference was held and a reporter asked 49ers head coach Steve Mariucci about his thoughts on the NFL saying they blew the call , and he replied : `` Bummer . '' It was the second - biggest comeback victory in NFL playoff history , with the 49ers winning 39 -- 38 . The 49ers lost the next week to the eventual Super Bowl champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the Divisional round , 31 -- 6 . This was the last postseason appearance for the 49ers until the 2011 -- 12 playoffs . Steve Mariucci , whose published statements about his degree of power in the organization had frayed already - strained relations with management , was fired by John York , despite a winning record . 2003 -- 2010 : struggles ( edit ) Then - Oregon State head coach Dennis Erickson was signed to a five - year contract to replace Mariucci . The hiring of Erickson was highly criticized by the fans and the media , as Erickson 's offensive philosophy was very different from the West Coast offense . The 2003 season was one of turmoil for the 49ers . While the Niners started the season with a 49 -- 7 demolishing of Chicago , the team quickly began to unravel afterwards , as the relationship between Garcia and Owens turned sour upon Garcia taking issue with Owens 's public praise for the play of backup quarterback Tim Rattay . Garcia responded with a cryptic remark of `` we can not let the sickness spread '' ; in response , Owens wore a surgeon 's mask at the following practice . The team was also ravaged by injuries to key players on both sides of the ball ; the often reckless play of Jeff Garcia started to take a toll on him , as he was forced to miss 3 games during the season . The 49ers finished 7 -- 9 and missed the playoffs . Despite this disappointing result , Erickson was retained as coach for the 2004 season . Owens ' on - and off - field antics led to the 49ers trading him to the Philadelphia Eagles during the offseason . Several other key 49er players were released due to salary cap concerns , including Garcia and Hearst . The team finished the 2004 season with a 2 -- 14 record , tying a franchise worst and finishing last in the NFC West for the first time since 1979 , ending what had been the NFL 's longest active streak for not finishing last in a division . With the worst record in the NFL the team secured the rights to the first pick in the NFL Draft . Dennis Erickson and general manager Terry Donahue were fired . 49ers ' former running back Frank Gore in action against the St. Louis Rams in 2007 After an extensive coaching search , the 49ers hired the defensive coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens Mike Nolan as their head coach . Nolan was the son of Dick Nolan , who had led the team to three consecutive playoff appearances from 1970 to 1972 . The 49ers did not hire a general manager . In Mike Nolan 's first draft as head coach , he selected quarterback Alex Smith from the University of Utah with the first overall pick of the 2005 NFL Draft . It was a pick predicted by most , though many thought the 49ers might select local product Aaron Rodgers of the University of California . Alex Smith 's rookie season was a disaster , producing only one touchdown against eleven interceptions . The team finished 4th in the NFC West for the second consecutive year , with a 4 -- 12 record . This earned the 49ers the 6th pick in the 2006 NFL Draft which they used to draft tight end Vernon Davis . Alex Smith and the team improved greatly in 2006 , led by second year player Frank Gore from the University of Miami . Gore ran for a franchise record of 1,695 rushing yards , which led the NFC , along with 8 touchdowns . He was awarded his first Pro Bowl appearance . They also swept division rival and defending NFC Champion , Seattle Seahawks , and kept the Denver Broncos from a playoff berth in the last game of the season . However , the team finished 7 -- 9 , their fourth consecutive losing season . 49ers ' former quarterback Alex Smith In the off - season , the 49ers signed cornerback Nate Clements and safety Michael Lewis to improve their secondary . Clement 's contract was worth $80 million for eight years , the largest contract given to a defensive player in NFL history at the time . In the NFL Draft , the 49ers made another key addition to their defense , selecting middle linebacker Patrick Willis with the 11th overall pick . Willis would eventually be named the 2007 AP NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year . Before the beginning of the 2007 season , Hall of Fame coach Bill Walsh died of complications from leukemia . The 49ers started the season 2 -- 0 , for the first time since 1998 . In the fourth game of the season , against the Seattle Seahawks , Alex Smith suffered a separated shoulder on the third play of the game , an injury that severely hampered his play and ultimately led to an early end to his 2008 campaign after having shoulder surgery . Chiefly due to back up quarterback Trent Dilfer 's struggles and Alex Smith 's injury , the 49ers lost eight straight consecutive games from week three through week twelve , ending the year with a disappointing 5 -- 11 record . Questions were raised about the future of Alex Smith , whose first three seasons had been plagued by inconsistent play , injuries , and never having had the same offensive coordinator from one year to the next . Head coach Mike Nolan and new offensive coordinator Mike Martz stated that a competition between Smith , Shaun Hill , and NFL journeyman J.T. O'Sullivan would run through the first two preseason games of 2008 . O'Sullivan was named the 49ers starter because of his familiarity with the Martz offense and after performing better than Smith or Hill in the first three preseason games . On October 20 , 2008 , after a 2 -- 5 start , Mike Nolan was fired . Assistant head coach Mike Singletary , a Hall of Fame linebacker with the Chicago Bears , was named as the interim head coach . Singletary proved to be a fan favorite when after his first game as head coach he delivered a memorable post game interview . Singletary said of their loss : `` ... right now , we 've got to figure out the formula . Our formula . Our formula is this : We go out , we hit people in the mouth . '' The team went 5 -- 4 overall under Singletary , winning five of its final seven games and ending the season with a 7 -- 9 record . After the last game of the season , Singletary was named permanent head coach by Jed York , who had been appointed as team president just days before . Jed York is the oldest son of John York and Denise DeBartolo York . The offense of the 49ers in 2007 . Quarterback Trent Dilfer is wearing # 12 . On April 25 , 2009 , the 49ers selected Texas Tech WR Michael Crabtree , a player many people thought would go in the top five , with the 10th pick in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft . The 2009 training camp became the first since 2005 that the 49ers failed to have all drafted rookies signed and in training camp on time , as Crabtree held out trying to reach a contract . He finally reached a contract agreement on October 7 , 2009 , having missed the first four games of the regular season . The 49ers posted an 8 -- 8 record after a frustrating season , losing only 2 games by more than a touchdown . Nevertheless , it was the team 's first non-losing season since 2002 . Despite missing the playoffs for the seventh straight season , several key players showed signs of improvement . Alex Smith regained his role as the 49ers ' starting quarterback ( after Shaun Hill had won the starting job in training camp ) , passing for more than 2,000 yards with 19 touchdowns , while Frank Gore collected his fourth consecutive 1,000 - yard season , a 49ers record . Safety Dashon Goldson showed signs of potential in his first year as full - time starter , as he tallied 94 tackles , four interceptions , three forced fumbles , and two sacks . Vernon Davis in particular had a breakthrough year at tight end , earning Pro Bowl honors with 965 yards and 13 touchdowns ( tying the NFL record for his position ) . 2010 saw five 49ers go to the Pro Bowl : Patrick Willis , Vernon Davis , Frank Gore , Justin Smith , and punter Andy Lee . The 2010 season started with the 49ers heavy favorites to win the NFC West after Cardinals QB Kurt Warner retired early in the offseason , but the season was a disaster . They started 0 -- 5 , their worst start since the dark days of 1979 . In week 3 , the 49ers fired offensive coordinator Jimmy Raye , who had been hand - picked by Singletary in the 2009 offseason . Starting safety Michael Lewis demanded to be released after he was demoted in favor of rookie safety Taylor Mays . By mid-season , Singletary was switching QBs between Alex Smith and Troy Smith , who had been picked up in free agency after the preseason , but with little effect . On December 27 , 2010 , the 49ers fired Mike Singletary as head coach , naming defensive line coach Jim Tomsula as interim head coach for the last game of the season , where despite crushing the Cardinals 38 -- 7 , they finished a sad and disappointing 6 -- 10 and missed the playoffs yet again . 2011 -- 2014 : Jim Harbaugh era ( edit ) On January 4 , 2011 , Jed York promoted interim General Manager Trent Baalke to be the permanent general manager . Baalke had taken over the role after former general manager Scot McCloughan was relieved of his duties the year before . Two days later , on January 7 , 2011 , former head coach of Stanford University Jim Harbaugh was named the 49ers new head coach . In the 2011 NFL Draft , the 49ers selected defensive end / linebacker Aldon Smith from the University of Missouri with the seventh pick of the first round . The 49ers also selected quarterback Colin Kaepernick from the University of Nevada , Reno with the 36th overall pick in the second round . In 2011 , Jim Harbaugh was named the new head coach of the 49ers . After the end of a labor dispute that nearly threatened to postpone or cancel the 2011 season the 49ers made a controversial decision to re-sign Alex Smith to a one - year $4.8 million contract . Because of the decision to retain Smith , and a shortened offseason with an entirely new coaching staff being hired , the team was expected to be among the league 's worst by NFL prognosticators . Despite this , Harbaugh 's first season was a huge success . After 10 weeks the 49ers were 9 -- 1 , highlighted by road wins against the Philadelphia Eagles , where the team came back from a 20 - point deficit in the second half , and the previously unbeaten Detroit Lions . The 49ers defense became one of the most intimidating in the league , particularly against the run -- not allowing a 100 - yard rusher or a single rushing touchdown until week 16 of the regular season . Alex Smith blossomed in the new system , reviving his career while playing for yet another new offensive coordinator -- his sixth in six years . In week 13 the 49ers won the NFC West with a victory against the St. Louis Rams , finally ending their nine - year playoff drought . The 49ers finished the season with a 13 -- 3 record , earning the second overall seed in the NFC Playoffs . In the Divisional Playoffs they defeated the New Orleans Saints 36 -- 32 after a touchdown pass from Alex Smith to Vernon Davis in the closing seconds of the game . The team reached the NFC championship for the first time since 1997 , and faced the New York Giants . They lost to the Giants with a 20 -- 17 score in overtime after two critical fumbles by backup return man Kyle Williams , ending their 2011 season with disappointment but great promise . In 2012 , the 49ers were predicted to be the NFC West champions and possibly make a run for the Super Bowl . Starting the season 6 -- 2 , the 49ers went on to face the rival St. Louis Rams in Week 10 . Alex Smith suffered a concussion in the second quarter and exited the game . He was replaced by 2011 second - round pick Colin Kaepernick , who led the 49ers back to tie the game . The next week , Kaepernick and the 49ers blew out the Chicago Bears 32 -- 7 , and Harbaugh chose Kaepernick as the starter next week against the New Orleans Saints , despite Smith being cleared to play . A quarterback controversy began . Despite Smith leading the NFL in completion percentage ( 70 % ) and passer rating ( 104.1 ) , Kaepernick was considered more dynamic with his scrambling ability and arm strength . Kaepernick eventually started the rest of the season , going 5 -- 2 . Kaepernick set the record for rushing yards for a quarterback in the playoffs with 181 rushing yds against the Green Bay Packers . The 49ers defeated the Packers and Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs and advanced to Super Bowl XLVII , but were denied their sixth Super Bowl win against the Baltimore Ravens , who were coached by John Harbaugh , 34 -- 31 . The top performers were : passing : C. Kaepernick ( SF ) -- 302 YDS , 1 TD , 1 INT ; rushing : F. Gore ( SF ) -- 19 CAR , 110 YDS , 1 TD ; receiving : M. Crabtree ( SF ) -- 5 REC , 109 YDS , 1 TD . Another storyline towards the end of the 2012 season was the reliability of kicker David Akers . Towards the end of the season , he began to show signs of decline , missing one field goal of 20 -- 30 yards , two field goals of 30 -- 40 yards , and six field goals of 40 -- 50 yards for a below - average conversion percentage of 69 % . Akers was released on March 6 , 2013 . Shortly afterwards , the 49ers signed veteran kicker Phil Dawson . The 49ers would also trade a sixth round draft pick for wide receiver Anquan Boldin from the Baltimore Ravens , the team that had beaten them in the Super Bowl . The 49ers finished 12 -- 4 in the 2013 regular season and enter the playoffs as a wildcard , with their first game at Lambeau Field against the Green Bay Packers . On January 5 , 2014 , San Francisco 49ers defeated Green Bay Packers 23 -- 20 . On January 12 , 2014 , the 49ers defeated the Carolina Panthers 23 -- 10 , thus advancing to their third straight NFC championship game . However , the 49ers ' season ended at CenturyLink Field in Seattle , when a pass intended for Michael Crabtree was tipped by cornerback Richard Sherman and intercepted by linebacker Malcolm Smith , losing to the Seattle Seahawks , 23 -- 17 . After the Niners had their first 8 -- 8 season in 4 years , which included losses to the Bay Area rival Oakland Raiders , Chicago Bears , and St. Louis Rams , the collapse of a once - dominant offensive line , failing to reach the playoffs , Harbaugh and the 49ers decided to part ways on December 28 , 2014 , after the season 's final game , against the Arizona Cardinals , which the 49ers won 20 -- 17 . Replacement of Candlestick Park ( edit ) Main article : Levi 's Stadium On November 8 , 2006 , reports surfaced that the 49ers ended negotiations with the city of San Francisco about building a new stadium and plan to do so in Santa Clara , a suburb of San Jose , California ; Santa Clara already hosts the team 's administrative headquarters and training facility . The Yorks and then - San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom had been talking over the last few months about building a privately financed stadium at Candlestick Point that was intended to be part of the city 's bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics . The 49ers ' final decision to move the stadium ended the San Francisco bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics . San Francisco , Los Angeles , and Chicago were the three cities competing to be the U.S. Olympic Committee 's choice to bid on the 2016 games , with Chicago emerging as the eventual victor . The 49ers sponsored Measure J , which appeared on the June 8 , 2010 Santa Clara ballot , to build a new stadium as the future home of the San Francisco 49ers in that city . The measure passed with 58.2 % of the total vote . This was seen as the first step for the 49ers stadium relocation to a new venue to be built in Santa Clara . The 68,490 - seat venue , Levi 's Stadium , landed rights for its first event . The stadium will be home to the Fight Hunger Bowl . On the 49ers website , the team 's owner , businessman John York had a letter stating that after a stadium is constructed in Santa Clara , the team would retain its name `` San Francisco '' even though the team would no longer be located within Metro San Francisco . United States Senator Dianne Feinstein and other leaders threatened an attempt to prevent the team from using `` San Francisco '' or the `` 49ers '' in the team name , but probably would not have succeeded without changes to state or federal law . Because of the team moving to Santa Clara ( which is adjacent to San Jose , which is larger than San Francisco by 145,000 residents , and 30 miles from San Francisco ) , the 49ers now become the only current ( and possibly at any time ) team in any major or minor league sport in the U.S. to use the moniker of a city further way ( San Francisco ) from the stadium / arena than a closer city with a higher population ( San Jose ) . York later confirmed in a press conference on November 9 , 2011 , that the team would build a new state of the art stadium in Santa Clara in time for the 2014 season . Groundbreaking for the new stadium took place on April 19 , 2012 . On May 8 , 2013 , the NFL 's San Francisco 49ers announced that San Francisco - based Levi Strauss & Co. had purchased the naming rights to their new stadium in Santa Clara . The naming rights deal calls for Levi 's to pay $220.3 million to the city of Santa Clara and the 49ers over 20 years , with an option to extend the deal for another five years for around $75 million . 2015 -- 2016 : post-harbaugh struggles ( edit ) Jim Tomsula was hired on January 14 , 2015 to replace Jim Harbaugh . Subsequently , Geep Chryst was promoted to offensive coordinator and Eric Mangini was hired as defensive coordinator . On March 10 , 2015 , All - Pro linebacker Patrick Willis announced his retirement from the NFL due to repeated injuries to both feet . A week later on March 17 , linebacker Chris Borland , Patrick Willis ' presumed replacement , announced his retirement from the NFL due to fears of the effects of head trauma . These two retirements left the 49ers linebackers position group weakened as they headed into an offseason under first year head coach Jim Tomsula . Two other developments during the 49ers off season , the retirements of starters DE Justin Smith , and RT Anthony Davis , and the uncertainty of LB Aldon Smith 's availability due to his legal issues . The 49ers signed running back Reggie Bush , wide receiver Torrey Smith , and defensive tackle Darnell Dockett . On January 4 , 2016 , the 49ers fired Tomsula after he led them to a 5 -- 11 record . On January 14 , 2016 , Chip Kelly was hired as head coach . Kelly 's tenure began with an emphatic 28 -- 0 victory over the Los Angeles Rams on Monday Night Football . However , the team went on to lose 13 straight games until they narrowly defeated the Rams 22 -- 21 on December 24 , 2016 . On October 21 , 2016 , in an ESPN ranking of professional sports franchises , the 49ers were ranked the worst franchise in North America . The 49ers ended up firing Kelly and Baalke following the conclusion of the regular season , finishing with a 2 -- 14 record . 2017 -- present : arrival of Kyle Shanahan and Jimmy Garoppolo ( edit ) After hiring John Lynch as general manager and Kyle Shanahan as head coach , the 49ers started the 2017 season with nine consecutive losses . After a win over the New York Giants and a loss to the Seattle Seahawks , the 49ers traded for New England Patriots backup quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo . They won their next five games with Garoppolo at the helm and finished the season 6 -- 10 . Championships ( edit ) Super Bowls ( edit ) The 49ers have won five Super Bowls . They won their first three under Bill Walsh . Walsh retired after winning his 3rd in 1988 , but first year head coach George Seifert did not miss a beat , winning the Super Bowl in his first year in 1989 . He would also win one more in 1994 . Year Coach Super Bowl Location Opponent Score Record 1981 Bill Walsh XVI Pontiac , Michigan Cincinnati Bengals 26 -- 21 16 -- 3 1984 Bill Walsh XIX Stanford , California Miami Dolphins 38 -- 16 18 -- 1 1988 Bill Walsh XXIII Miami Cincinnati Bengals 20 -- 16 13 -- 6 1989 George Seifert XXIV New Orleans Denver Broncos 55 -- 10 17 -- 2 1994 George Seifert XXIX Miami San Diego Chargers 49 -- 26 16 -- 3 Total Super Bowls won : 5 NFC championships ( edit ) Year Coach Location Opponent Score Record 1981 Bill Walsh San Francisco Dallas Cowboys 28 -- 27 16 -- 3 1984 Bill Walsh San Francisco Chicago Bears 23 -- 0 18 -- 1 1988 Bill Walsh Chicago Chicago Bears 28 -- 3 13 -- 6 1989 George Seifert San Francisco Los Angeles Rams 30 -- 3 17 -- 2 1994 George Seifert San Francisco Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 28 16 -- 3 2012 Jim Harbaugh Atlanta Atlanta Falcons 28 -- 24 13 -- 4 -- 1 Total NFC championships won : 6 Logos and uniforms ( edit ) Main article : Logos and uniforms of the San Francisco 49ers Logo ( edit ) The original 49ers logo was a mustached 49er gold miner from the 1849 California Gold Rush , dressed in plaid pants and a red shirt , jumping in midair with his hat falling off , and firing pistols in each hand : one nearly shooting his foot , and the other pistol forming the word `` Forty - Niners '' from its smoke . An alternate logo with a shield - shaped crest formed from the number `` 49 '' , with a football in the upper right quadrant and `` SF '' in the lower left quadrant was created in 1965 and used for marketing purposes until 1972 . From 1962 , the 49ers ' logo has been the iconic `` SF '' within the center of a red oval ; throughout the years the logo has had minor modifications , such as a black outlining on the intertwined `` SF '' that was added in 1989 and a gold trimming inside the oval that was added in 1996 . Uniforms ( edit ) The evolution of the 49ers ' uniform , 1946 -- present The San Francisco 49ers currently have two different uniforms : red and gold home uniforms and white , red , and gold road uniforms . However , the 49ers have changed uniform designs and color combinations quite often throughout their history . From the team 's inception in 1946 , they wore dark or cardinal red , switching to scarlet red jerseys and gold pants for the 1948 season , with a gold helmet with one red stripe , with solid red socks and pants with no stripes . Entering the 1949 season , the first in the NFL , the 49ers adopted three stripes to their red jerseys , wearing gold helmets and pants , with no stripes and red socks with three white stripes . In the 1953 , ' 54 , and ' 55 seasons , the 49ers wore red helmets with a gold stripe in the middle , with silver pants with one single stripe of red . The socks also added the three stripes similar to the jersey 's . 1955 was also unique in that the 49ers wore white pants with a black stripe bounded by two red stripes , and shadow drop numbers on their red jerseys , with black shadow drop borders on the white numerals . The following season , 1956 , the team wore white helmets with no stripes , and white pants with a red stripe . In 1957 the 49ers wore red jerseys , a gold helmet with no stripes , and gold pants with no stripes ; for the first time the 49ers wore white on the road , as dictated by the NFL for all teams , to have at least one team wearing a light colored jersey during games . The first white jersey had two red stripes with a gold in the middle , as was their road socks : white , with two red stripes and gold in the middle . San Francisco wore red and gold in 1958 as well , with their white jersey having a single shoulder loop stripe , as well as adding TV numbers to the sleeves of their home and away jerseys . And in contrast to the socks at home , red with three red stripes , the away socks were solid red . In 1959 the team switched to red and platinum gold ( looking more like silver ) , and for the next several years afterwards , with their white jerseys having double shoulder loop stripes ( mimicking UCLA 's ) , but continuing with the three white stripes on the sleeves above the elbow and below the TV numbers , with the red home jerseys . In 1960 , the team added `` Northwestern '' red stripes to their helmets ( a thicker middle stripe bordered by two thinner stripes ) , and that changed in 1962 , with the addition of the helmet design the team has mostly worn since : white stripe bounded by two red , with the red oval and SF logo on the sides of the helmet . In 1964 the team 's colors then changed again . All silver elements were changed to what was called `` 49er Gold ; '' helmets were gold . New beige - gold pants with a red - white - red tri-stripe in the same style as the helmet were introduced . Uniform 's basic design would be worn for practically the next 30 seasons with only some minor changes and adjustments , such as a gradual change over from sans - serif to serifed block numerals from 1970 to 1974 and a switch from thin stripes to a very thick pant striping in 1976 ( during which white jerseys were also worn at home for most of that season ) . The uniform ensemble of red and white jerseys , and beige - gold pants with thick striping were worn until 1995 with a few minor changes . During the 1994 season , many NFL teams wore `` throwback uniforms '' on occasional games to celebrate the NFL 's 75th anniversary ( a corresponding diamond - shaped 75th Anniversary patch was also worn by all teams ) . The 49ers chose to wear a version of their 1955 uniforms as their throwbacks , with simpler sans - serif block numerals that were outlined and shadowed in black with White pants with thinner red - black - red striping were also worn , along with the old striped red socks . The regular 1989 -- 95 design gold helmet was worn with this uniform , as there was no logo on the 1955 helmet . In 1996 , the 49ers celebrated their 49th anniversary by designing a commemorative jersey patch based on the earlier shield - crest logo . The team also debuted a substantially new uniform design , most notably changing the shade of red used in their jerseys from bright scarlet to a deeper , cardinal red a black dropshadow effect ( along with gold trim ) was added to the jersey numerals ( which remained in the blocked serif style ) . As in 1994 , the Niners donned white pants full - time for the 1996 season ( also wearing them for the 1997 season and 1998 preseason , ) though this time the pant stripes were marginally thicker and the colors were reversed to black - cardinal red - black ( matching the striping on the helmets ) . For the 1998 regular season opener , the team switched back to gold pants , with a more metallic gold rather than the previous beige - matte gold of the past . The striping along the side of the pants remained black - cardinal red - black , though a thin gold trimming was added , along with further oval `` SF '' logos placed on both sides of the hip . The 1996 helmet and jersey design with the 1998 gold pants was worn as the team 's regular uniforms until the end of the 2008 season . The 49ers once again changed uniforms in 2009 , which are very similar to the classic design , albeit with several significant changes . The sleeve stripes are now set at an angle to accommodate the even shorter sleeves of modern jerseys , ( though the stripes appear straight and parallel to the ground when worn by the players themselves ) . An updated 49ers uniform with improved fit , and more breathable and moisture - resistant fabrics was debuted ( alongside the rest of the NFL teams ) by new league uniform manufacturer Nike on April 3 , 2012 . On April 30 , 2015 at their NFL Draft rally , the team unveiled their first ever alternate uniform ( as opposed to a throwback design ) . The uniform consists of black jerseys and pants with red numerals and striping . Nike logos are in gold , while the standard solid red socks will be worn . These uniforms will be worn a maximum of two games a year , per league rules . Cheerleaders and mascot ( edit ) Cheerleaders ( edit ) The 49ers official cheerleading squad is called the Gold Rush . Started in 1983 , the team typically consists of anywhere from 34 to 40 young female dancers . Mascot ( edit ) The 49ers official mascot is Sourdough Sam . He wears jersey number 49 . Rivalries ( edit ) The San Francisco 49ers have three rivals within their division : the Los Angeles Rams , the Arizona Cardinals , and the Seattle Seahawks . They also have rivalries with other teams that arose from post-season games in the past , most notably the Dallas Cowboys , New York Giants , and Green Bay Packers . They also have an intense crosstown rivalry with the Oakland Raiders and share an intrastate rivalry with the Los Angeles Chargers ( the two teams have played each other nearly every preseason , and every four years in the regular season , and also met in Super Bowl XXIX ) . NFC West ( edit ) Los Angeles Rams ( edit ) Main article : 49ers -- Rams rivalry The rivalry between the Los Angeles Rams and the San Francisco 49ers is considered by many to be one of the greatest NFL rivalries ever , placing No. 8 on Sports Illustrated 's `` Top 10 NFL Rivalries of All Time '' list , compiled in 2008 . After the Rams moved to St. Louis , Roger Craig stated in Tales from the San Francisco 49ers Sideline that `` the Rams will always be the 49ers ' biggest rival . It does n't matter if they no longer play in Los Angeles . If the Rams played their home games on Mars , it would still be a rivalry . '' In fact , the Rams are the only team to have played the 49ers twice every season for the last 58 seasons to combine for more than 100 regular season games ; the all - time regular season lead is held by the 49ers 65 -- 63 -- 3 . They have only met once in a playoff game , when the 49ers beat the Rams 30 -- 3 in 1989 . Seattle Seahawks ( edit ) Main article : 49ers -- Seahawks rivalry The Seattle Seahawks have become a new rival of the 49ers , following the NFL 's realignment in 2002 that put both teams in the same division ( Seattle had been a brief former rival during their inaugural 1976 season , when the team was in the old pre-realignment NFC West ) . Prior to 2002 , the teams played each other almost every season during the pre-season , but only every three years during the regular season when the AFC West and NFC West teams faced each other . So far , their rivalry has not been as intense as other division foes because for the most part both teams have not been good at the same time . In the middle to late part of the decade , the Seahawks lost the division and their favorable record against the 49ers reflected this . However , games at CenturyLink Field , one of the toughest stadiums to play at as a visiting team , have still been difficult to win . The 49ers have a 3 -- 7 record all - time at that stadium , with their largest margin of victory there being ten points , and failed to score a touchdown in four of those losses . The rivalry has intensified after the 49ers hired Jim Harbaugh out of Stanford in 2011 , as he and Seahawks and former USC head coach Pete Carroll had an intense rivalry in college . Seattle leads the all - time series 20 -- 15 after winning both regular season games in 2014 and taking a week 7 win at Levi 's Stadium in 2015 . Arizona Cardinals ( edit ) The Arizona Cardinals are a recent growing rival of the 49ers . Unlike most rivalries of this team , the Arizona Cardinals are in the same division as the 49ers ( since 2002 , when the Cardinals transferred from the NFC East ) . Recently , there has been much bad blood between these two teams ' players ; an example of this is a Twitter `` battle '' between Darnell Dockett of the Arizona Cardinals and Vernon Davis of the San Francisco 49ers . Another clash was when Early Doucet of the Cardinals and Dashon Goldson of the Niners threw punches at each other . The clash of words between players of both teams , added with the decline of the other major rivalries of the 49ers , either from the rarity of meeting the rival teams ( 49ers rarely meet the Cowboys ) or the move to different cities ( Los Angeles Rams moving to St. Louis ) , has led to the rivalry between the 49ers and the Cardinals becoming heated and intense . The 49ers currently hold the edge over the Cardinals all - time by 28 -- 18 . Battle of the Bay rivalry ( edit ) Main article : 49ers -- Raiders rivalry Oakland Raiders ( edit ) The Oakland Raiders are the 49ers ' geographic rivals . As a result , games between the two are referred to as the `` Battle of the Bay . '' The first exhibition game played in 1967 , ended with the NFL 49ers defeating the AFL Raiders 13 -- 10 . After the 1970 merger , the 49ers won in Oakland 38 -- 7 . Since the two teams play in different conferences , regular season matchups are at least every four years . Fans and players of the winning team can claim `` bragging rights '' as the better team in the area . The Raiders currently lead the all - time regular season series with 7 wins to the 49ers ' 6 . Oakland won the latest matchup 24 -- 13 on December 7 in Week 14 of the 2014 regular season . On August 20 , 2011 , in the third week of the pre-season , the pre-season game between the rivals was marked by fights in restrooms and stands at Candlestick Park including a shooting outside the stadium in which several were injured . The NFL has decided to cancel all future pre-season games between the Raiders and 49ers . Historic rivals ( edit ) This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( January 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Main article : 49ers -- Cowboys rivalry The rivalry between the Dallas Cowboys and the 49ers has lasted since the 1970s . The NFL Top 10 ranked this rivalry to be the tenth best in NFL history . San Francisco has played Dallas in seven postseason games . The Cowboys defeated the 49ers in the 1970 and 1971 NFC championship games , and again in the 1972 Divisional Playoff Game . The 1981 NFC championship game in San Francisco , which saw the 49ers ' Joe Montana complete a game - winning pass to Dwight Clark in the final minute ( now known as The Catch ) , is one of the most famous games in NFL history . The rivalry became even more intense during the 1992 -- 1994 seasons . San Francisco and Dallas faced each other in the NFC championship game three separate times . Dallas won the first two match - ups , and San Francisco won the third . In each of these pivotal match - ups , the game 's victor went on to win the Super Bowl . Both the Cowboys and the 49ers are second all time in Super Bowl victories to the Pittsburgh Steelers with five each . The 49ers -- Cowboys rivalry is also part of the larger cultural rivalry between California and Texas . In recent years , this once - great rivalry has greatly softened , with the struggles of both the Cowboys and 49ers . However , in its prime especially in the 1990s , this rivalry was a very bitter one as both teams were the class of the NFL during this time . The all - time series is tied with a record of 17 -- 17 -- 1 , which includes a postseason record of 2 -- 5 . Main article : 49ers -- Giants rivalry The New York Giants have the most playoff meetings versus the 49ers ( eight ) . This rivalry is rooted in the 1980s when both teams were on the rise . In the first two playoff meetings between these two teams , the Joe Montana - led 49ers won both meetings , 38 -- 24 in 1981 and 24 -- 10 in 1984 both in the divisional round at Candlestick Park , the 49ers went on to win their first two Super Bowl championships both seasons . The Giants won the next three playoff meetings , which included a 49 -- 3 rout at Giants Stadium in 1986 , and the 1990 NFC championship , where they upset the 49ers 15 -- 13 , ruining the 49ers hopes of a Super Bowl three - peat after Roger Craig lost a fumble late in the fourth quarter and let the Giants score on a last - second field goal . Giants also went on to win their first two Super Bowl championships both seasons . The 49ers defeated the Giants 44 -- 3 in 1993 in the divisional round . In the 2002 NFC Wildcard game , the Giants were ahead 38 -- 14 late in the third quarter ; however , the 49ers came back from the 24 - point deficit to beat the Giants with a 39 -- 38 victory . The teams met again in the 2011 NFC championship at Candlestick Park , and just like the 1990 NFC championship , it was a low - scoring game ; the Giants won the game on a Lawrence Tynes 31 - yard field goal in overtime , 20 -- 17 . In an eerie similarity to Roger Craig 's fumble 21 years earlier , Kyle Williams fumbled a punt in the crucial minutes of the game , and just like the last two times the Giants beat the 49ers in the playoffs , they went on to win the Super Bowl . The all - time series is a tie record of 15 -- 15 , and includes a postseason record of 4 -- 4 . The Green Bay Packers rivalry emerged in the mid-1990s when the Packers upset the 49ers in the 1995 NFC Divisional game at Candlestick Park , ending any chance of a Super Bowl repeat . From that point , the Packers beat the 49ers four more times including two post-season games . San Francisco was finally able to exact revenge in the 1998 NFC Wild Card round , a game that is remembered for a 25 - yard game - winning touchdown reception by Terrell Owens off a Steve Young pass ( referred to by some as `` The Catch II '' ) , lifting the 49ers over the Packers 30 -- 27 . Since that game , the Packers had beaten the 49ers eight straight times including once in the 2001 post-season , a streak that came to an end in the 2012 season when the 49ers beat the Packers in Lambeau Field week 1 for the first time since 1990 , and again in the NFC Divisional game that same season . The 49ers trail the all - time series with a record of 30 -- 34 -- 1 , which includes a postseason record of 3 -- 4 . The New Orleans Saints were division rivals with the 49ers up until realignment in 2002 when the Saints were placed in the newly formed NFC South . The 49ers dominated the rivalry when the Saints played in the NFC West , but the Saints have held the upper hand since realignment , winning the first six - game since moving to the NFC South . They met most recently in the divisional round of the 2011 playoffs at Candlestick Park . There were four lead changes in the final four minutes of the game , culminating with Alex Smith throwing the game - winning touchdown to Vernon Davis with nine seconds left ( referred by many as Vernon Post or The Catch III ) . Three months after that game , it was revealed that then - Saints defensive coordinator Gregg Williams ordered his players to target certain players in certain areas in a profanity - laced speech as part of the bounty scandal prior to that game . The 49ers lead the all - time series with a record of 47 -- 24 -- 2 , which includes a postseason record of 1 -- 0 . The Atlanta Falcons were also division rivals with the 49ers until the Falcons moved to the NFC South in 2002 after the realignment . Just like the Saints , the 49ers had dominated the Falcons when they played in the NFC West , but the Falcons have won four straight against the 49ers since moving to the NFC South . Both teams met in the divisional round of the 1998 playoffs , when Garrison Hearst suffered an ankle break when his foot was caught in the Georgia Dome turf and twisted severely as he tried to spin away from Falcons ' defensive end Chuck Smith on the first play from scrimmage ; 49ers lost that game 20 -- 18 . They met in the 2012 NFC championship , in which the 49ers , led by quarterback Colin Kaepernick , defeated the top - seeded Falcons in Atlanta by a score of 28 -- 24 . The next year , the Falcons played against the 49ers in the last home game at Candlestick Park . The game ended in a dramatic interception return for a touchdown also known as `` The Pick at the ' Stick '' . The all - time series is led by the 49ers with a record of 46 -- 30 -- 1 , and includes a postseason record of 1 -- 1 . Season - by - season records ( edit ) Main article : List of San Francisco 49ers seasons Players and personnel ( edit ) See also : List of San Francisco 49ers players and Category : San Francisco 49ers players Current roster and coaching staff ( edit ) San Francisco 49ers roster view talk Quarterbacks 3 C.J. Beathard 10 Jimmy Garoppolo 4 Nick Mullens Running backs 22 Matt Breida 46 Malcolm Johnson FB 44 Kyle Juszczyk FB 28 Jerick McKinnon 33 Jeremy McNichols 31 Raheem Mostert 32 Joe Williams Wide receivers 17 Victor Bolden Jr . 84 Kendrick Bourne 13 Aaron Burbridge 14 DeAndre Carter 15 Pierre Garçon 11 Marquise Goodwin 1 Max McCaffrey 19 Aldrick Robinson 81 Trent Taylor Tight ends 88 Garrett Celek 83 Cole Hikutini 85 George Kittle 89 Cole Wick Offensive linemen 68 Zane Beadles G 77 Trent Brown T 64 Jonathan Cooper G 65 Joshua Garnett G 76 Garry Gilliam T 61 Andrew Lauderdale T 62 Erik Magnuson G 71 Pace Murphy T 58 Weston Richburg C 74 Joe Staley T 75 Laken Tomlinson G 78 Darrell Williams Jr . T Defensive linemen 92 Jeremiah Attaochu DE 91 Arik Armstead DE 98 Ronald Blair DE 99 DeForest Buckner DT 96 Sheldon Day DT 57 Eli Harold DE 93 D.J. Jones DT 54 Cassius Marsh DE 90 Earl Mitchell DT 55 Pita Taumoepenu DE 94 Solomon Thomas DE Linebackers 50 Brock Coyle OLB 56 Reuben Foster MLB 47 Jimmie Gilbert OLB 47 Elijah Lee MLB 49 Boseko Lokombo MLB 48 Donavin Newsom MLB 53 Mark Nzeocha OLB 51 Malcolm Smith OLB 59 Korey Toomer MLB 97 Dekoda Watson OLB Defensive backs 38 Adrian Colbert FS 43 Chanceller James SS 36 Don Jones FS 26 Greg Mabin CB 27 Dexter McCoil SS 45 Tyvis Powell SS 48 Trovon Reed CB 25 Richard Sherman CB 41 Channing Stribling CB 29 Jaquiski Tartt SS 20 Jimmie Ward FS 24 K'Waun Williams CB 23 Ahkello Witherspoon CB Special teams 9 Robbie Gould K 2 Jeff Locke P 86 Kyle Nelson LS 5 Bradley Pinion P Reserve lists Currently empty Rookies in italics Roster updated April 5 , 2018 Depth chart Transactions 72 Active , 0 Inactive → AFC rosters → NFC rosters AFC East BUF MIA NE NYJ North BAL CIN CLE PIT South HOU IND JAX TEN West DEN KC LAC OAK NFC East DAL NYG PHI WAS North CHI DET GB MIN South ATL CAR NO TB West ARI LAR SF SEA San Francisco 49ers staff Front Office Co-Chairman -- Denise DeBartolo York Co-Chairman -- John York Chief Executive Officer -- Jed York Co-Owner -- Gideon Yu President -- Al Guido Chief Strategy Officer / Executive Vice President of Football Operations -- Paraag Marathe Chief Operating Officer -- Ethan Casson General Manager -- John Lynch Vice President of Player Personnel -- Adam Peters Senior Personnel Executive -- Martin Mayhew Director of Pro Personnel -- Ran Carthon Director of Football Administration & Analytics -- Brian Hampton Head Coaches Head Coach / Offensive Coordinator -- Kyle Shanahan Assistant Head Coach / Tight Ends -- Jon Embree Offensive Coaches Quarterbacks -- Rich Scangarello Running Backs -- Robert Turner Wide Receivers -- Mike LaFleur Offensive Line -- John Benton Assistant Offensive Line -- Adam Stenavich Offensive Assistant -- T.C. McCartney Offensive Quality Control -- Taylor Embree Run Game Specialist -- Mike McDaniel Defensive Coaches Defensive Coordinator -- Robert Saleh Defensive Line -- Jeff Zgonina Pass Rush Specialist -- Chris Kiffin Inside Linebackers -- DeMeco Ryans Outside Linebackers / Run Game Specialist -- Johnny Holland Defensive Backs -- Jeff Hafley Assistant Defensive Backs -- Daniel Bullocks Defensive Quality Control -- Bobby Slowik Special Teams Coaches Special Teams Coordinator -- Richard Hightower Assistant Special Teams -- Stan Kwan Assistant Special Teams -- Michael Clay Coaching Support Staff Assistant to the Coaching Staff -- Patrick Hagedorn Administrative Assistant to the Head Coach -- Nick Kray Seasonal Intern ( Offense ) -- Katie Sowers Strength and Conditioning Head Strength and Conditioning -- Ray Wright Strength and Conditioning Assistant -- Marquis Johnson Strength and Conditioning Assistant -- Dustin Perry → Coaching Staff → Management → More NFL staffs AFC East BUF MIA NE NYJ North BAL CIN CLE PIT South HOU IND JAX TEN West DEN KC LAC OAK NFC East DAL NYG PHI WAS North CHI DET GB MIN South ATL CAR NO TB West ARI LAR SF SEA Pro Football Hall of Famers ( edit ) San Francisco 49ers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Players No . Name Inducted Position ( s ) Tenure 8 Young , Steve Steve Young 2005 QB 1987 -- 1999 14 Tittle , Y.A. Y.A. Tittle 1971 QB 1951 -- 1960 16 Montana , Joe Joe Montana 2000 QB 1979 -- 1992 21 Sanders , Deion Deion Sanders 2011 CB 1994 22 Hayes , Bob Bob Hayes 2009 WR 26 Woodson , Rod Rod Woodson 2009 S / CB 1997 32 Simpson , O.J. O.J. Simpson 1985 RB 1978 -- 1979 34 Perry , Joe Joe Perry 1969 RB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 35 Johnson , John Henry John Henry Johnson FB 1954 -- 1956 37 Johnson , Jimmy Jimmy Johnson 1994 CB / WR 1961 -- 1976 39 McElhenny , Hugh Hugh McElhenny 1970 RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Lott , Ronnie Ronnie Lott 2000 S / CB 1981 -- 1990 56 Doleman , Chris Chris Doleman 2012 DE 1996 -- 1998 57 Jackson , Rickey Rickey Jackson DE 1994 -- 1995 64 Wilcox , Dave Dave Wilcox 2000 LB 1964 -- 1974 71 Allen , Larry Larry Allen 2013 2006 -- 2007 73 Noellini , Leo Leo Nomellini 1969 DT / OT 1949 -- 1963 74 Dean , Fred Fred Dean 2008 DE 1981 -- 1985 79 St. Clair , Bob Bob St. Clair 2008 OT 1953 -- 1963 80 Rice , Jerry Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 81 Owens , Terrell Terrell Owens 2018 WR 1996 -- 2003 84 Moss , Randy Randy Moss 2018 WR 2012 91 Greene , Kevin Kevin Greene 2016 DE / LB 1997 95 Dent , Richard Richard Dent 2011 DE 1994 94 / 95 Haley , Charles Charles Haley 2015 DE / LB 1986 -- 1991 1998 -- 1999 Coaches and Contributors Name Inducted Position ( s ) Tenure DeBartolo Jr. , Edward Edward J. DeBartolo Jr . 2016 Owner 1977 -- 2000 Walsh , Bill Bill Walsh 1993 Head coach 1979 -- 1988 ( Head ) 1999 -- 2001 ( VP and GM ) 2002 -- 2004 ( Consultant ) Retired numbers ( edit ) The 49ers ' retired numbers displayed on the southeastern side of Candlestick Park in June 2009 San Francisco 49ers retired numbers No . Player Position Tenure 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 1999 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 1973 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 1992 34 Joe Perry FB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 37 Jimmy Johnson CB / WR 1961 -- 1976 39 Hugh McElhenny RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Ronnie Lott S / CB 1981 -- 1990 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 1973 73 Leo Nomellini DT / OT 1950 -- 1963 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 1963 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 87 Dwight Clark WR 1979 -- 1987 -- Edward J. DeBartolo Jr . Owner 1978 -- 2000 -- Bill Walsh Head coach 1979 -- 1988 ( Head ) 1999 -- 2001 ( VP and GM ) 2002 -- 2004 ( Consultant ) During his tenure with the 49ers from 2006 to 2007 , quarterback Trent Dilfer , a long - time friend of Brodie , wore No. 12 with his permission , unofficially unretiring the number as a tribute . 49ers in the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame ( edit ) Main article : Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame 49ers Hall of Fame ( edit ) The Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. 49ers Hall of Fame is the team 's official hall of honor for the franchise 's greatest players and contributors . 49ers Hall of Fame Year No . Name Position ( s ) Tenure 2009 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 1999 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 1973 14 Y.A. Tittle QB 1951 -- 1960 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 1992 34 Joe Perry RB 1948 -- 1960 , 1963 35 John Henry Johnson RB 1954 -- 1956 37 Jimmy Johnson CB / WR 1961 -- 1976 39 Hugh McElhenny RB 1952 -- 1960 42 Ronnie Lott S / CB 1981 -- 1990 64 Dave Wilcox LB 1964 -- 1974 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 1973 73 Leo Nomellini DT / OT 1950 -- 1963 74 Fred Dean DE 1981 -- 1985 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 1963 87 Dwight Clark WR 1979 -- 1987 -- Edward DeBartolo Jr . Owner 1978 -- 2000 -- Bill Walsh Coach 1979 -- 1988 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 -- Tony Morabito Founder 1946 -- 1957 -- Vic Morabito Owner 1946 -- 1964 2011 27 R.C. Owens WR 1957 -- 1961 33 Roger Craig RB 1983 -- 1990 2012 82 Gordon Soltau WR 1949 -- 1958 2013 -- John McVay Executive 1980 -- 1995 1998 -- 1999 2014 -- George Seifert DB coach Defensive Coordinator Head coach 1980 -- 1982 1983 -- 1988 1989 -- 1996 2015 94 / 95 Charles Haley DE / LB 1986 -- 1991 1998 -- 1999 Forty - niner 10 - year club ( edit ) The 10 - year club is a shrine that honors members of the San Francisco 49ers who played 10 or more seasons with the organization , and was started by Bill Walsh to recognize players that have shown longevity , success and consistency . Each member is shown in a black - and - white photo on a scarlet and gold plaque with their name under the photo and the years in which they played . A plaque placed in the center of the photos of club members reads : `` Forty - Niners 10 - year club . Dedicated to those Forty - Niners who have served 10 or more years proudly wearing the scarlet and gold . '' 1940s No . Player Position Tenure 34 Joe Perry FB 1948 -- 60 , 1963 73 Leo Nomellini DT 1949 -- 63 14 Y.A. Tittle QB 1951 -- 60 52 / 84 Billy Wilson WR 1951 -- 60 79 Bob St. Clair OT 1953 -- 64 55 Matt Hazeltine LB 1955 -- 68 77 Bruce Bosley G / C 1956 -- 68 12 John Brodie QB 1957 -- 73 78 John Thomas 1958 -- 67 1960s No . Player Position Tenure 36 Tommy Davis K , P 1959 -- 69 70 Charlie Krueger DL 1959 -- 73 76 Len Rohde 1960 -- 74 60 Roland Lakes DT 1959 -- 73 37 Jimmy Johnson CB 1961 -- 76 64 Dave Wilcox LB 1964 -- 74 32 Mel Phillips 1966 -- 76 57 Frank Nunley LB 1967 -- 76 1970s No . Player Position Tenure 69 Woody Peoples 1968 -- 77 51 / 62 Randy Cross G / C 1976 -- 88 68 John Ayers 1976 -- 86 14 Ray Wersching 1977 -- 87 79 Cas Banaszek 1968 -- 77 53 Tommy Hart DE 1968 -- 77 52 Skip Vanderbundt LB 1968 -- 77 86 Cedrick Hardman DE 1970 -- 79 59 Willie Harper WR 1973 -- 83 71 / 89 Keith Fahnhorst 1974 -- 87 1980s No . Player Position Tenure 99 Mike Walter LB 1984 -- 93 61 Jesse Sapolu C / G 1983 -- 97 62 Guy McIntyre 1984 -- 93 80 Jerry Rice WR 1985 -- 2000 82 John Taylor WR 1986 -- 95 74 Steve Wallace 1986 -- 96 56 Fred Quillan 1978 -- 87 76 Dwaine Board DE 1979 -- 88 21 Eric Wright CB 1981 -- 90 42 Ronnie Lott 1981 -- 90 58 Keena Turner LB 1980 -- 90 85 Mike Wilson WR 1981 -- 90 16 Joe Montana QB 1979 -- 92 1990s No . Player Position Tenure 8 Steve Young QB 1987 -- 99 79 Harris Barton OT 1987 -- 98 84 / 88 Brent Jones TE 1987 -- 97 2000s No . Player Position Tenure 97 Bryant Young DT 1994 -- 2007 53 Jeff Ulbrich LB 2000 -- 2009 63 Derrick Deese OL 1992 -- 2003 86 Brian Jennings LS 2000 -- 2012 Andy Lee 2004 -- 2014 21 Frank Gore RB 2005 -- 2014 74 Joe Staley OT 2007 -- Present Franchise leaders ( edit ) Bold denotes still active with team Italics denote still active but not with team Passing yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Joe Montana ( 35,124 ) 2 . John Brodie ( 31,548 ) 3 . Steve Young ( 29,907 ) 4 . Jeff Garcia ( 16,408 ) 5 . Y.A. Tittle ( 16,016 ) 6 . Alex Smith ( 14,280 ) 7 . Colin Kaepernick ( 12,271 ) 8 . Frankie Albert ( 10,795 ) 9 . Steve DeBerg ( 7,220 ) 10 . Steve Spurrier ( 5,250 ) 11 . Tim Rattay ( 3,941 ) 12 . Shaun Hill ( 3,490 ) 13 . Jim Plunkett ( 3,285 ) 14 . Elvis Grbac ( 3,098 ) 15 . Blaine Gabbert ( 2,994 ) 16 . Steve Bono ( 2,558 ) 17 . Ken Dorsey ( 1,712 ) 18 . George Mira ( 1,711 ) 19 . Norm Snead ( 1,705 ) 20 . J.T. O'Sullivan ( 1,678 ) 21 . Tom Owen ( 1,645 ) 22 . Jimmy Garoppolo ( 1,560 ) 23 . Jeff Kemp ( 1,554 ) 24 . C.J. Beathard ( 1,430 ) 25 . Brian Hoyer ( 1,245 ) 26 . Lamar McHan ( 1,243 ) 27 . Troy Smith ( 1,176 ) 28 . Trent Dilfer ( 1,166 ) 29 . Scott Bull ( 992 ) 30 . Joe Reed ( 905 ) Rushing yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Frank Gore ( 11,073 ) 2 . Joe Perry ( 8,689 ) 3 . Roger Craig ( 7,064 ) 4 . Ken Willard ( 5,930 ) 5 . Garrison Hearst ( 5,535 ) 6 . J.D. Smith ( 4,370 ) 7 . Hugh McElhenny ( 4,288 ) 8 . Kevan Barlow ( 3,614 ) 9 . Steve Young ( 3,581 ) 10 . Johnny Strzykalski ( 3,415 ) 11 . Wendell Tyler ( 3,112 ) 12 . Delvin Williams ( 2,966 ) 13 . Wilbur Jackson ( 2,955 ) 14 . Ricky Watters ( 2,840 ) 15 . Carlos Hyde ( 2,729 ) 16 . Charlie Garner ( 2,371 ) 17 . Colin Kaepernick ( 2,300 ) 18 . Tom Rathman ( 1,902 ) 19 . Norm Standlee ( 1,830 ) 20 . Vic Washington ( 1,813 ) 21 . Paul Hofer ( 1,746 ) 22 . Larry Schreiber ( 1,734 ) 23 . Joe Montana ( 1,595 ) 24 . Jeff Garcia ( 1,571 ) 25 . Doug Cunningham ( 1,498 ) 26 . John David Crow ( 1,474 ) 27 . Gary Lewis ( 1,421 ) 28 . Frankie Albert ( 1,272 ) 29 . Terry Kirby ( 1,235 ) 30 . Kendall Hunter ( 1,202 ) Receiving yards ( regular season ) ( as of the 2017 season ) 1 . Jerry Rice ( 19,247 ) 2 . Terrell Owens ( 8,572 ) 3 . Dwight Clark ( 6,750 ) 4 . Gene Washington ( 6,664 ) 5 . Billy Wilson ( 5,902 ) 6 . Vernon Davis ( 5,640 ) 7 . John Taylor ( 5,598 ) 8 . Brent Jones ( 5,195 ) 9 . Freddie Solomon ( 4,873 ) 10 . Roger Craig ( 4,442 ) 11 . Michael Crabtree ( 4,327 ) 12 . J.J. Stokes ( 4,139 ) 13 . Bernie Casey ( 4,008 ) 14 . Gordie Soltau ( 3,487 ) 15 . Dave Parks ( 3,334 ) 16 . Anquan Boldin ( 3,030 ) 17 . Monty Stickles ( 2,993 ) 18 . Alyn Beals ( 2,951 ) 19 . R.C. Owens ( 2,926 ) 20 . Frank Gore ( 2,883 ) 21 . Hugh McElhenny ( 2,666 ) 22 . Clyde Conner ( 2,643 ) 23 . Ted Kwalick ( 2,555 ) 24 . Tom Rathman ( 2,490 ) 25 . Dick Witcher ( 2,359 ) 26 . Mike Wilson ( 2,199 ) 27 . Ken Willard ( 2,156 ) 28 . Arnaz Battle ( 2,150 ) 29 . Russ Francis ( 2,105 ) 30 . Tai Streets ( 2,008 ) Achievements ( edit ) Individual awards ( edit ) AP NFL MVP Season Player Position 1970 John Brodie QB 1989 Joe Montana QB 1990 Joe Montana QB 1992 Steve Young QB 1994 Steve Young QB NFL Offensive Player of the Year Season Player Position Jerry Rice WR 1988 Roger Craig RB 1989 Joe Montana QB 1992 Steve Young QB 1993 Jerry Rice WR NFL Defensive Player of the Year Season Player Position 1994 Deion Sanders CB 1997 Dana Stubblefield DT NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Season Player Position 1970 Bruce Taylor CB 1993 Dana Stubblefield DT 2007 Patrick Willis LB Super Bowl MVP Game Player Position 1981 Joe Montana QB 1984 Joe Montana QB 1988 Jerry Rice WR 1989 Joe Montana QB 1994 Steve Young QB NFL Coach of the Year Season Coach 1981 Bill Walsh 2011 Jim Harbaugh NFL Comeback Player of the Year Season Player Position 1986 Joe Montana QB 1999 Bryant Young DT 2001 Garrison Hearst RB NFL Executive of the Year Season Executive 1994 Carmen Policy 2011 Trent Baalke Radio and television ( edit ) The 49ers ' flagship radio stations are KSAN 107.7 FM ( `` The Bone '' ) , KNBR 680 AM , and KTCT 1050 AM . KSAN airs all 49ers games on FM . On AM , they are simulcast on KTCT in August , September , and October and on KNBR from October to the end of the season . All three stations are owned by Cumulus Media . Joe Starkey , best known as the voice of the University of California and The Play , was previously the color commentator on the broadcasts next to legendary announcer Lon Simmons in 1987 and 1988 and took over as lead commentator in 1989 . Lon Simmons and Gordy Soltau did the broadcasts on KSFO in the 1949s and 1960s . For a brief period in the late 1970s and early 1980s Don Kline , the Voice of Stanford did the 49ers ' games . Starkey first teamed with former Detroit Lions ' and KPIX Sports Director , Wayne Walker and then former 49ers ' linebacker Gary Plummer formed the broadcast team from 1998 to 2008 , with Starkey retiring after the 2008 season . Ted Robinson replaced Starkey and teamed up with Plummer for the 2009 and 2010 seasons . Plummer was relieved of his color commentating duties for the 2011 season and replaced by former teammate Eric Davis . Pre-season games not shown on national television are shown on ABC affiliate , KGO - TV ( Channel 7 ) . When playing in the regular season , those games can be televised on Fox - owned KTVU . If they challenge an AFC team , KPIX - TV ( the CBS Owned and operated station ) will broadcast the games . In addition to regular season matches , NBC affiliate , KNTV airs them under the Sunday Night Football label . The 49ers are a beneficiary of league scheduling policies . Both the 49ers and the Oakland Raiders share the San Francisco Bay Area market , which is on the West Coast of the United States . This means that the 49ers can not play home games , road division games or interconference road games against AFC West teams Denver Broncos , Los Angeles Chargers or Oakland Raiders ( in seasons that the AFC West and NFC West meet in interconference play ) in the early 10 : 00 a.m. Pacific time slot . In addition , they can not play interconference home games at the same time or network as the Raiders . As a result , both teams generally have more limited scheduling options , and also benefit by receiving more prime time games than usual ( click here for further information ) . Thus , regardless of the previous season 's record , the 49ers receive a disproportionate number of Sunday Night , Monday Night and / or Thursday Night games , compared to the rest of the league . San Francisco 49ers radio broadcasters history ( edit ) Year Flagship station Play - by - play Color commentator Sideline reporter 1994 KGO Joe Starkey Wayne Walker 1989 KGO Joe Starkey Wayne Walker 1988 KGO Lon Simmons ( Weeks 1 -- 5 and 8 -- 16 ) Joe Starkey ( Weeks 6 -- 7 ) Wayne Walker Joe Starkey ( Weeks 1 -- 5 and 8 -- 16 ) 1984 KCBS Don Klein Don Heinrich 1981 KCBS Don Klein Wayne Walker Radio affiliates ( edit ) Source : Map of radio affiliates . City Call Sign Frequency San Francisco KNBR - AM 680 AM KGO - AM 810 AM KSAN - FM 107.7 FM Brookings , Oregon KURY - FM 95.3 FM Chico , California KTHU - FM 100.7 FM Eureka , California KATA - AM 1340 AM Fresno , California KFIG - AM 1430 AM Grass Valley , California KNCO - AM 830 AM Hilo , Hawaii KPUA - AM 670 AM Honolulu , Hawaii KHKA - AM 1500 AM King City , California KRKC - AM 1490 AM Klamath Falls , Oregon KAGO - AM 1150 AM Los Angeles KLAA - AM 830 AM Maui , Hawaii KAOI - AM 1110 AM Medford , Oregon KBOY - FM 95.7 FM Mendocino , California KUNK 96.7 FM Modesto , California KESP - AM 970 AM Paso Robles , California KPRL - AM 1230 AM Portland , Oregon KUIK - AM 1360 AM Redding , California KKXS - FM 96.1 FM Reno , Nevada KZTQ 1270 AM K241AK 96.1 FM Sacramento , California KIFM 1320 AM Salinas , California KION - AM 1460 AM San Luis Obispo , California KKJL - AM 1400 AM Susanville , California KJDX - FM 93.3 FM San Francisco 49ers preseason TV broadcasters history ( edit ) Year Station Play - by - play Color commentator 1994 KPIX 1989 KPIX 1988 KPIX 1984 KPIX 1981 KPIX See also ( edit ) San Francisco Bay Area portal National Football League portal List of Super Bowl records San Francisco 49ers draft history Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area List of National Football League records ( team ) List of professional sports teams in California References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Team Facts '' . Pro Football Hall of Fame . Retrieved October 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Table of Contents '' ( PDF ) . 2016 San Francisco 49ers Media Guide . San Francisco 49ers . September 9 , 2016 . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Team Capsule '' ( PDF ) . 2017 Official National Football League Record and Fact Book . National Football League . August 22 , 2017 . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pentis , Andrew . `` Behind the Building '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved September 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Founder '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco Forty Niners Company Information '' . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Team Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Team Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 2016 NFL Valuations '' . Forbes . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ Badenhausen , Kurt . `` San Francisco 49ers - pg. 11 '' . Forbes . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 29 . ^ Jump up to : A.S. `` Doc '' Young , `` The Black Athlete in the Golden Age of Sports , Part VI : The Black Athlete Makes His Mark , '' Ebony , May 1969 , pg. 118 . Jump up ^ `` Lou Spadia , ex-San Francisco 49ers president , dies at 92 '' . NFL.com . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` The 1950s and The King Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site '' . www.profootballhof.com . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Super Bowl XLVII - San Francisco 49ers vs. Baltimore Ravens - February 3rd , 2013 '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . ^ Jump up to : `` 49ers Yearly Results and Statistics National Football League ( 1950 - present ) '' ( PDF ) . 2016 Season Media Guide . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` 1971 NFL Pro Bowlers Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` 1980 San Francisco 49ers Statistics & Players Pro-Football-Reference.com '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 17 . Jump up ^ Litsky , Frank ( 1985 - 12 - 30 ) . `` Giants Stop 49ers in Wild - Card Playoff , 17 - 3 '' . The New York Times . ISSN 0362 - 4331 . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/05/sports/montana-is-hospitalized-for-concussion.html Jump up ^ http://www.dwightclark87.com/bio.html ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Larry . `` Montana was comeback king '' . ESPN.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ http://dev.realclearsports.com/lists/dominating_postseason_team_performances/1989_san_francisco_49ers.html Jump up ^ Stellino , Vic ( January 13 , 1991 ) . `` Montana picks Redskins apart in 28 - 10 victory 49ers ' interceptions thwart two drives '' . The Baltimore Sun . Jump up ^ Merron , Jeff . `` The List : Gutsiest calls in sports '' ( Page 2 ) . ESPN.com . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Mystery still surrounds extent of injury to Montanta 's elbow '' . articles.baltimoresun.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Mike Singletary Press Conference `` Hit - People - in - the - Mouth '' `` . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Jim Harbaugh to 49ers , evokes ' Genius ' '' . ESPN.com . January 9 , 2011 . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Draft Finder Query Results '' . Pro Football Reference . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Killion , Ann ( August 1 , 2011 ) . `` New era begins for 49ers , but will San Francisco get any better ? '' . SI.com . Archived from the original on August 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Dodds , Eric ( November 28 , 2012 ) . `` Examining the 49ers Quarterback Controversy '' . time.com . Archived from the original on November 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Sando , Mike ( November 27 , 2012 ) . `` Reaching back for 49ers QB parallels '' . ESPN.com . Archived from the original on November 28 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Ravens vs. 49ers - Box Score '' . scores.espn.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` David Akers '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ Gonzalez , Antonio ( 2013 - 03 - 06 ) . `` 49ers release 6 - time Pro Bowl kicker David Akers '' . Yahoo ! News . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ Kegley , Scott ( March 19 , 2013 ) . `` 49ers Sign Kicker Phil Dawson '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Anquan Boldin to be traded to San Francisco 49ers '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Branch , Eric ( December 29 , 2013 ) . `` 49ers win finale , to face Packers in playoffs '' . SFGate.com . Retrieved December 30 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Branch , Eric ( January 6 , 2014 ) . `` Kaepernick drives 49ers to cold win over Packers '' . SFGate.com . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Chosen To Bid For 2016 Olympics '' . CBS . April 14 , 2007 . Retrieved March 2 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Santa Clara Stadium for the 49ers , Measure J ( June 2010 ) '' . Ballotpedia . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers ' new South Bay Stadium gets college bowl game '' . Mercurynews.com . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ York , John . `` Letter to 49ers Faithful '' . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2007 . Retrieved November 12 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Epstein , Edward ( November 14 , 2006 ) . `` Dianne Feinstein leads charge for keeping 49ers in S.F. '' The San Francisco Chronicle . Jump up ^ Staff ( November 14 , 2006 ) . `` Senator Feinstein Announces Plans to Explore Legislative Options to Keep the San Francisco 49ers in San Francisco '' ( Press release ) . Washington , D.C. : Dianne Feinstein . Archived from the original on September 16 , 2012 . Retrieved June 4 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Knapp , Gwen ( April 20 , 2012 ) . `` Santa Clara shovels begin end of 49ers in S.F. '' San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rosenberg , Mike ( May 8 , 2013 ) . `` Levi 's Stadium : 49ers ' new Santa Clara home gets a name in $220 million deal '' . San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved May 8 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Orr , Conor ( March 10 , 2015 ) . `` Patrick Willis retiring after eight seasons with 49ers '' . National Football League . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( March 16 , 2015 ) . `` San Francisco 49ers ' Chris Borland retiring from NFL '' . National Football League . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers DT Justin Smith Explains Decision to Retire '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Anthony Davis of San Francisco 49ers retires '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Aldon Smith cut by 49ers after latest DUI arrest '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers 2015 Roster Movement '' . 49ers.com . San Francisco 49ers. April 30 , 2015 . Retrieved June 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Gutierrez , Paul ( January 4 , 2016 ) . `` 49ers dismiss Jim Tomsula after 5 - 11 season -- his first '' . ESPN . Retrieved January 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Chip Kelly hired as 49ers coach '' . ESPN . January 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Watch Los Angeles Rams vs. San Francisco 49ers ( 09 / 12 / 2016 ) - NFL.com '' . www.nfl.com . Retrieved 2016 - 12 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Ultimate Standings : 49ers drop to last place in sports '' . ESPN.com . October 21 , 2016 . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Williamson , Bill . `` San Francisco 49ers to honer George Seifert '' . www.espn.com . ESPN . Retrieved February 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Price , Taylor ( April 25 , 2009 ) . `` 49ers Unveil Classic Uniforms '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Price , Taylor ( April 3 , 2012 ) . `` Morning Tailgate : Uniform Edition ( April 3 ) '' . San Francisco 49ers . Archived from the original on April 5 , 2012 . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hanzus , Dan ( May 1 , 2015 ) . `` 49ers unveil first alternate uniform in team history '' . National Football League . Retrieved September 18 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` RGB '' . San Francisco 49ers. April 30 , 2015 . Retrieved October 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Gold Rush '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Gold Rush History '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Sourdough Sam Biography '' . 49ers.com . Retrieved 2017 - 08 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Top 10 NFL Rivalries of All Time '' . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 30 . Jump up ^ Craig ( 2004 ) 37 Jump up ^ Knapp , Gwen ( October 4 , 2009 ) . `` 49ers must beat Rams '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Playoff History '' . pro-football-reference.com . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Adrian Wilson vs Vernon Davis ; ROTB Announcement '' . Revengeofthebirds.com . May 11 , 2010 . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . Jump up ^ 49ers -- Cardinals pre-game notes : Lombardi says Harbaugh looks headed for Michigan ; 49ers Hot Read , mercurynews.com , January 2 , 2011 ; accessed November 27 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers And Raiders Stagger Into Battle '' . KGO - TV . Associated Press . 2006 - 10 - 07 . Retrieved 2007 - 02 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` Name That Play : Bowman 's Pick '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers Announce 2015 Schedule '' . April 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Hall of Famers by Franchise - Hall of Famers - Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Wilson , Chris ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) . `` San Francisco 49ers : 15 best first - round draft picks of all - time '' . Niner Noise . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 17 . ^ Jump up to : Wilson , Chris ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) . `` San Francisco 49ers : 15 best first - round draft picks of all - time '' . Niner Noise . Retrieved 2018 - 04 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers Retired Jerseys '' . 49ers.com . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved September 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Dilfer to wear longtime hero Brodie 's No. 12 '' , ESPN , July 28 , 2006 Jump up ^ `` 49ers Announce Edward DeBartolo Sr. 49ers Hall of Fame '' . San Francisco 49ers . May 12 , 2009 . Retrieved September 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` The Story Behind the 10 - Year Club '' . San Francisco 49ers . Retrieved 2009 - 10 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Passing Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Rushing Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` San Francisco 49ers Career Receiving Leaders '' . Pro-Football-Reference.com . Retrieved January 22 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 49ers.com - Radio Network '' . Retrieved September 11 , 2016 . Further reading ( edit ) Dickey , Glenn ( 2000 ) . Glenn Dickey 's 49ers : The Rise , Fall , and Rebirth of the NFL 's Greatest Dynasty . Prima Publishing . ISBN 0 - 7615 - 2232 - 8 . Harris , David ( 2008 ) . The Genius : How Bill Walsh Reinvented Football and Created an NFL Dynasty . Random House . ISBN 978 - 0 - 345 - 49912 - 7 . Lazarus , Adam ( 2012 ) . Best of Rivals . Joe Montana , Steve Young and the Inside Story behind the NFL 's Greatest Quarterback Controversy . DA Capo Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 82135 - 6 . Myers , Gary ( 2009 ) . The Catch : One Play , Two Dynasties , and the Game That Changed the NFL . Crown Archetype . ISBN 978 - 0 - 307 - 40908 - 9 . Newhouse , Dave ( 2015 ) . Founding 49ers : The Dark Days Before the Dynasty . Kent State University Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 60635 - 254 - 0 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Francisco 49ers . Official website San Francisco 49ers Franchise Encyclopedia at Pro-Football Reference San Francisco 49ers Founded in 1946 Based and headquartered in Santa Clara , California Franchise Franchise Team history Coaches Players Seasons Logo and uniform history Starting quarterbacks Draft history Broadcasters Stadiums Kezar Stadium Candlestick Park Levi 's Stadium Culture Sourdough Sam San Francisco Gold Rush West Coast offense KGO KNBR Lore The Catch Joe Cool Million Dollar Backfield Snowball Game Harbaugh Bowl Rivalries Los Angeles Rams Seattle Seahawks Dallas Cowboys New York Giants Oakland Raiders Key figures Eddie DeBartolo Denise DeBartolo York Jed York John York Gideon Yu Division championships ( 19 ) 1970 1971 1972 1981 1984 1986 1988 1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 2002 2011 2012 Conference championships ( 6 ) 1981 1984 1988 1989 1994 2012 League championships ( 5 ) 1981 ( XVI ) 1984 ( XIX ) 1988 ( XXIII ) 1989 ( XXIV ) 1994 ( XXIX ) Retired numbers 8 12 16 34 37 39 70 58 70 80 87 BW Mr. D Current league affiliations League : National Football League ( 1950 -- present ) Conference : National Football Conference Division : West Division Former league affiliation All - America Football Conference ( 1946 -- 1949 ) Seasons ( 72 ) 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Championship seasons in bold Links to related articles National Football League ( 2018 ) AFC East North South West Buffalo Bills Miami Dolphins New England Patriots New York Jets Baltimore Ravens Cincinnati Bengals Cleveland Browns Pittsburgh Steelers Houston Texans Indianapolis Colts Jacksonville Jaguars Tennessee Titans Denver Broncos Kansas City Chiefs Los Angeles Chargers Oakland Raiders NFC East North South West Dallas Cowboys New York Giants Philadelphia Eagles Washington Redskins Chicago Bears Detroit Lions Green Bay Packers Minnesota Vikings Atlanta Falcons Carolina Panthers New Orleans Saints Tampa Bay Buccaneers Arizona Cardinals Los Angeles Rams San Francisco 49ers Seattle Seahawks Seasons Seasons ( by team ) Preseason Hall of Fame Game American Bowl Regular season Kickoff game Monday Night Football International Series London Toronto Bills Series List of games played outside the U.S. Thanksgiving games Christmas games Playoffs Streaks Droughts AFC Championship NFC Championship Super Bowl champions quarterbacks Pro Bowl History League history Executive history Championship history Timeline Defunct franchises Franchise moves and mergers Los Angeles team history Proposed stadiums 1995 -- 2016 American Football League ( 1960 -- 1969 ) Playoffs Merger NFL Championship ( 1920 -- 1969 ) Playoff Bowl Records individual team Super Bowl All time win -- loss Last undefeated Tied games Canceled games Controversies Business Owners Properties Management Council Competition Committee Collective Bargaining Agreement National Football League Players Association Lockouts Media TV NFL Network NFL RedZone Radio NFL Films Other Officials Stadiums Chronology Awards All - Pro Hall of Fame Foreign players Player conduct Suspensions Player misconduct Combine Draft Training camp Rivalries NFL Foundation Culture Cheerleading Color Rush Mascots Lore Nicknames Numbers Retired Sports teams based in the San Francisco Bay Area Baseball MLB Oakland Athletics San Francisco Giants CL San Jose Giants PA Napa Silverados Pittsburg Diamonds San Rafael Pacifics Sonoma Stompers Vallejo Admirals Basketball NBA Golden State Warriors ABA Bay Area Matrix San Francisco Rumble American football NFL Oakland Raiders San Francisco 49ers Ice hockey NHL San Jose Sharks AHL San Jose Barracuda Soccer MLS San Jose Earthquakes NPSL CD Aguiluchos USA East Bay FC Stompers El Farolito SC Napa Valley 1839 FC Sonoma County Sol PDL San Francisco City FC SF Glens FC Roller derby WFTDA Bay Area Derby Silicon Valley Roller Girls Sonoma County Roller Derby Ultimate AUDL San Francisco FlameThrowers San Jose Spiders College athletics ( NCAA Div . I ) California Saint Mary 's San Jose State Santa Clara Stanford San Francisco Sports teams based in California Australian rules football USAFL Golden Gate Roos Los Angeles Dragons Orange County Bombers Sacramento Suns San Diego Lions Baseball MLB Los Angeles Angels Los Angeles Dodgers Oakland Athletics San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants PCL Fresno Grizzlies Sacramento River Cats CL Inland Empire 66ers Lake Elsinore Storm Lancaster JetHawks Modesto Nuts Rancho Cucamonga Quakes San Jose Giants Stockton Ports Visalia Rawhide PA Napa Silverados Pittsburg Diamonds San Rafael Pacifics Sonoma Stompers Vallejo Admirals CWL Canada A 's Palm Desert Coyotes Palm Springs Chill Palm Springs POWER PL Bakersfield Train Robbers California City Whiptails High Desert Yardbirds Monterey Amberjacks GWL Chico Heat Lincoln Potters San Francisco Seals Yuba - Sutter Gold Sox Basketball NBA Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Sacramento Kings WNBA Los Angeles Sparks G League Agua Caliente Clippers Santa Cruz Warriors South Bay Lakers Stockton Kings American football NFL Los Angeles Chargers Los Angeles Rams Oakland Raiders San Francisco 49ers WFA Central Cal War Angels Inland Empire Ravens Kern County Crusaders Los Angeles Warriors San Diego Surge Ventura County Wolfpack IWFL Carson Bobcats North County Stars Sacramento Sirens LFL Los Angeles Temptation Ice hockey NHL Anaheim Ducks Los Angeles Kings San Jose Sharks AHL Bakersfield Condors Ontario Reign San Diego Gulls San Jose Barracuda Stockton Heat Roller derby WFTDA Angel City Derby Girls Bay Area Derby Central Coast Roller Derby Derby Revolution of Bakersfield Humboldt Roller Derby Sacred City Derby Girls Sac City Rollers Santa Cruz Derby Girls Silicon Valley Roller Girls Sonoma County Roller Derby RDCL Los Angeles Derby Dolls Orange County Roller Girls San Diego Derby Dolls Rugby MLR San Diego Legion PRP Golden Gate RFC Old Mission Beach Athletic Club Santa Monica Rugby Club Belmont Shore RFC Olympic Club SCRFU Finlander Rugby Club Soccer MLS LA Galaxy Los Angeles FC San Jose Earthquakes USL Fresno FC LA Galaxy II Orange County SC Sacramento Republic FC San Diego 1904 FC ( in talks ) PDL Fresno FC U-23 FC Golden State Force Orange County SC U-23 San Diego Zest FC San Francisco City FC SF Glens FC Santa Cruz Breakers Southern California Seahorses Ventura County Fusion NPSL Academica SC ASC San Diego CD Aguiluchos USA FC Davis Deportivo Coras USA East Bay FC Stompers El Farolito SC FC Golden State Napa Valley 1839 FC Orange County FC Oxnard Guerreros FC Sacramento Gold Sonoma County Sol Temecula FC UPSL Santa Ana Winds FC L.A. Wolves FC La Máquina FC FC Santa Clarita Del Rey City SC Real San Jose Stompers Juniors Aguiluchos U-23 Orange County FC 2 MASL Ontario Fury San Diego Sockers Turlock Express Tennis WTT Orange County Breakers San Diego Aviators Ultimate AUDL Los Angeles Aviators San Diego Growlers San Francisco FlameThrowers San Jose Spiders Lacrosse NLL San Diego Seals ( 2018 ) Sports in Los Angeles Sports in San Diego Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area College Sports in California Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_49ers&oldid=837975742 '' Categories : San Francisco 49ers National Football League teams Sports teams in San Francisco Sports in Santa Clara , California Sports clubs established in 1946 1946 establishments in California Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from February 2013 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014 Articles that may contain original research from January 2013 All articles that may contain original research Talk Contents About Wikipedia Asturianu Беларуская Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latviešu Magyar मराठी Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 28 more Edit links This page was last edited on 24 April 2018 , at 04 : 43 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how many times have the 49ers won a superbowl | ["San Francisco 49ers\n Current season\nEstablished June 4, 1944; 73 years ago (June 4, 1944)[1]First season: 1946Play in Levi's StadiumSanta Clara, CaliforniaHeadquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports CenterSanta Clara, California\n\n \nLogoWordmarkLeague/conference affiliations\n\nAll-America Football Conference (1946–1949)\n\nWestern Division (1946–1949)\nNational Football League (1950–present)\n\nCoastal Division (1950–1970)\nNational Football Conference (1970–present)\nNFC West (1970–present)\n\nCurrent uniform\nTeam colors\nRed, Gold[2][3]\n\n Mascot\nSourdough SamPersonnelChairman\nDenise DeBartolo YorkJohn York (co-chairs)CEO\nJed YorkPresident\nAl GuidoGeneral manager\nJohn LynchHead coach\nKyle ShanahanTeam history\n\nSan Francisco 49ers (1946–present)\nTeam nicknames\nNinersChampionships\nLeague championships (5)\n\nSuper Bowl championships (5)1981 (XVI), 1984 (XIX), 1988 (XXIII), 1989 (XXIV), 1994 (XXIX)\nConference championships (6)\n\nNFC: 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2012\nDivision championships (19)\n\nNFC West: 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2011, 2012Playoff appearances (26)\nAAFC: 1949\nNFL: 1957, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2011, 2012, 2013Home fields\nKezar Stadium (1946–1970)\nCandlestick Park (1971–2013)\nStanford Stadium (1989, one game after Loma Prieta earthquake)\nLevi's Stadium (2014–present)"] | ['5'] | San Francisco 49ers
Current season
Established June 4, 1944; 73 years ago (June 4, 1944)[1]First season: 1946Play in Levi's StadiumSanta Clara, CaliforniaHeadquartered in Marie P. DeBartolo Sports CenterSanta Clara, California
LogoWordmarkLeague/conference affiliations
All-America Football Conference (1946–1949)
Western Division (1946–1949)
National Football League (1950–present)
Coastal Division (1950–1970)
National Football Conference (1970–present)
NFC West (1970–present)
Current uniform
Team colors
Red, Gold[2][3]
Mascot
Sourdough SamPersonnelChairman
Denise DeBartolo YorkJohn York (co-chairs)CEO
Jed YorkPresident
Al GuidoGeneral manager
John LynchHead coach
Kyle ShanahanTeam history
San Francisco 49ers (1946–present)
Team nicknames
NinersChampionships
League championships (5)
Super Bowl championships (5)1981 (XVI), 1984 (XIX), 1988 (XXIII), 1989 (XXIV), 1994 (XXIX)
Conference championships (6)
NFC: 1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2012
Division championships (19)
NFC West: 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2011, 2012Playoff appearances (26)
AAFC: 1949
NFL: 1957, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2011, 2012, 2013Home fields
Kezar Stadium (1946–1970)
Candlestick Park (1971–2013)
Stanford Stadium (1989, one game after Loma Prieta earthquake)
Levi's Stadium (2014–present) |
[question]: What is the name of the stadium where the San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games?
[answer]: The San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games at Levi's Stadium, located in Santa Clara, California. | What is the name of the stadium where the San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games? | The San Francisco 49ers currently play their home games at Levi's Stadium, located in Santa Clara, California. | 1 | 7.355878 | 17 | 184 | 1 |
12,016 | -8,120,351,205,854,586,000 | Willis Tower | Willis Tower - wikipedia Willis Tower Willis Tower The Willis Tower , then known as the Sears Tower , in 1998 Willis Tower Location in Chicago Willis Tower Location in Illinois Willis Tower Location in the United States Show map of Chicago metropolitan area Show map of Illinois Show map of the US Show all Wikimedia © OpenStreetMap Former names Sears Tower ( 1973 -- 2009 ) Record height Tallest in the world from 1973 to 1998 Preceded by World Trade Center ( 1970 ) Surpassed by Petronas Twin Towers General information Status Complete Type Office , observation , communication Architectural style International Location 233 S. Wacker Drive Chicago , Illinois 60606 United States Coordinates 41 ° 52 ′ 44 '' N 87 ° 38 ′ 09 '' W / 41.8789 ° N 87.6358 ° W / 41.8789 ; - 87.6358 Coordinates : 41 ° 52 ′ 44 '' N 87 ° 38 ′ 09 '' W / 41.8789 ° N 87.6358 ° W / 41.8789 ; - 87.6358 Current tenants United Airlines Named for Willis Group Sears ( 1973 -- 2009 ) Construction started 1970 ; 48 years ago ( 1970 ) Completed 1973 ; 45 years ago ( 1973 ) Owner Blackstone Group Height Architectural 442.1 m ( 1,450 ft ) Tip 527 m ( 1,729 ft ) Top floor 412.7 m ( 1,354 ft ) Technical details Floor count 108 ( + 3 basement floors ) , 110 floors including mechanical . Floor area 416,000 m ( 4,477,800 sq ft ) Lifts / elevators 104 , with 16 double - decker elevators , made by Westinghouse , modernized by Schindler Group Design and construction Architect Skidmore , Owings and Merrill Fazlur Rahman Khan Bruce Graham Main contractor Morse Diesel International References I. ^ Willis Tower at Emporis The Willis Tower , built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower , is a 110 - story , 1,450 - foot ( 442.1 m ) skyscraper in Chicago , Illinois . At completion in 1973 , it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world , a title it held for nearly 25 years ; it remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until the completion of a new building at the World Trade Center site in 2014 . The building is considered a seminal achievement for its designer Fazlur Rahman Khan . The Willis Tower is the second - tallest building in the United States and the Western hemisphere -- and the 16th - tallest in the world . More than one million people visit its observation deck each year , making it one of Chicago 's most - popular tourist destinations . The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the tower 's space . As of December 2013 , the building 's largest tenant is United Airlines , which moved its corporate headquarters from the United Building at 77 West Wacker Drive in 2012 and today occupies around 20 floors with its headquarters and operations center . Contents 1 History 1.1 Planning and construction 1.2 Suits filed to halt construction 1.3 Post-opening 1.4 Plans 2 Skydeck 3 Height 3.1 Position in Chicago 's skyline 3.2 Climbing 4 Naming rights 5 Figures and statistics 6 Broadcasting 6.1 Radio stations 6.2 Television stations 7 Cultural depictions 7.1 Film and television 7.2 Other 8 Image gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History Planning and construction Breakdown of the bundled tube structure of Willis Tower with simplified floor plans In 1969 , Sears , Roebuck & Co. was the largest retailer in the world , with about 350,000 employees . Sears executives decided to consolidate the thousands of employees in offices distributed throughout the Chicago area into one building on the western edge of Chicago 's Loop . Sears asked its outside counsel , Arnstein , Gluck , Weitzenfeld & Minow ( now known as Arnstein & Lehr , LLP ) to suggest a location . The firm consulted with local and federal authorities and the applicable law , then offered Sears two options : the Goose Island area northwest of downtown , and a two - block area bounded by Franklin Street on the east , Jackson Boulevard on the south , Wacker Drive on the west and Adams Street on the north , with Quincy Street running through the middle from east to west . This latter site was decided upon , and preliminary inquiries determined that the necessary permits could be obtained and Quincy Street vacated . The next step was to acquire the property ; a team of attorneys from the Arnstein law firm , headed by Andrew Adsit , began buying the property parcel by parcel . Sears purchased 15 old buildings from 100 owners and paid $2.7 million to the City of Chicago for the portion of Quincy Street that divided the property . Sears , which needed 3,000,000 square feet ( 280,000 m ) of office space for its planned consolidation and predicted that growth would require yet more , commissioned architects Skidmore , Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) to produce a structure to be one of the largest office buildings in the world . Their team of architect Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan designed the building as nine square `` tubes '' ( each essentially a separate building ) , clustered in a 3 × 3 matrix forming a square base with 225 - foot ( 69 m ) sides . All nine tubes would rise up to the 50th floor of the building . At the 50th floor , the northwest and southeast tubes end , and the remaining seven continue up . At the 66th floor , the northeast and the southwest tubes end . At the 90th floor , the north , east , and south tubes end . The remaining west and center tubes continue up to the 108th floor . The Sears Tower during its construction , in 1973 The Willis Tower was the first building to use Khan 's bundled tube structure . This innovative design was structurally efficient and economic : at 1,450 feet , it provided more space and rose higher than the Empire State Building , yet cost much less per unit area . This structural system would prove highly influential in skyscraper construction . It has been used in most supertall buildings since then , including the world 's tallest building , the Burj Khalifa . To honor Khan 's contributions , the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois commissioned a sculpture of him for the lobby of the Willis Tower . A sculpture honoring Fazlur Khan at the Willis Tower Sears executives decided that the space they would immediately occupy should be efficiently designed to house their Merchandise Group , and that floor space for future growth would be rented out to smaller firms and businesses until Sears could retake it . The latter floor areas had to be designed to a smaller plate , with a high window - space to floor - space ratio , to be attractive and marketable to prospective lessees . Smaller floorplates required a taller structure to yield sufficient square footage . Skidmore architects proposed a tower with large 55,000 - square - foot ( 5,100 m ) floors in the lower part of the building , and gradually tapered areas of floorplates in a series of setbacks , which would give the Sears Tower its distinctive look . As Sears continued to offer optimistic projections for growth , the tower 's proposed floor count rapidly increased into the low hundreds , surpassing the height of New York 's unfinished World Trade Center to become the world 's tallest building . The height was restricted by a limit imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) to protect air traffic . The financing of the tower was provided by the Sears company . It was topped with two antennas to permit local television and radio broadcasts . Sears and the City of Chicago approved the design , and the first steel was put in place in April 1971 . The structure was completed in May 1973 . The construction cost about US $150 million at the time , equivalent to $830 million in 2018 . By comparison , Taipei 101 , built in 2004 in Taiwan , cost around the equivalent of US $2.21 billion in 2018 dollars . Black bands appear on the tower around the 29th -- 32nd , 64th -- 65th , 88th -- 89th , and 104th -- 108th floors . These are louvres that allow ventilation for service equipment and obscure the structure 's belt trusses . Even though regulations did not require a fire sprinkler system , the building was equipped with one from the beginning . There are around 40,000 sprinkler heads in the building , installed at a cost of $4 million . In February 1982 , two television antennas were added to the structure , increasing its total height to 1,707 feet ( 520.3 m ) . The western antenna was later extended , bringing the overall height to 1,729 feet ( 527 m ) on June 5 , 2000 , to improve reception of local NBC station WMAQ - TV . Suits filed to halt construction As the construction of the building neared the 50th floor , lawsuits for an injunction were filed seeking to stop the building from exceeding 67 floors . The suits alleged that above that point television reception would deteriorate and cause property values to plummet . The first suit was filed by the State 's Attorney in neighboring Lake County on March 17 , 1972 . A second suit was filed on March 28 in the Cook County Circuit Court by the Villages of Skokie , Northbrook and Deerfield , Illinois . Sears filed motions to dismiss the Lake County and the Cook County lawsuits and on May 17 , 1972 , Judge LaVerne Dickson , Chief of the Lake County Circuit Court dismissed the suit , saying , `` I find nothing that gives television viewers the right to reception without interference . They will have to find some other means of ensuring reception such as taller antennas . '' The Lake County State 's Attorney filed a Notice of Appeal and the Supreme Court agreed to permit bypassing the appellate court and to hear the matter on an expedited basis . The State 's Attorney then asked the Illinois Supreme Court for a temporary injunction to stop the construction and his request was denied . On June 12 , Judge Charles R. Barrett granted Sears ' motion to dismiss the suit filed by the three Chicago suburbs on the grounds that interference with television reception caused by construction of the Sears building did not violate constitutional rights and that the suburbs involved in the suit do not have any right to undistorted television reception . This decision was also appealed and consolidated with the Lake County appeal with the Supreme Court of Illinois . Meanwhile , an Illinois Citizens ' Committee for Broadcasting requested the Federal Communications Commission to halt construction so that the building would not interfere with area television reception . On May 26 , 1972 , the Commission declined to take action on the grounds that it did not have jurisdiction to do so . On June 30 , 1972 , the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed the previous rulings by Lake and Cook County Circuit Courts , by a letter order with a written opinion to follow . On September 8 , 1972 , the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the decision by the Federal Communications Commission to dismiss the complaint brought by the Illinois Citizens Committee for Broadcasting charging that the building would drastically affect reception in the Chicago market and requesting the FCC to halt construction . The Supreme Court of Illinois written opinion was filed on September 20 , 1972 . In affirming the judgments of lower courts the Court held , `` Considering the foregoing , it is clear to us that absent legislation to the contrary defendant has a propriety right to construct a building to its desired height and that completion of the project would not constitute a nuisance under the circumstances of this case . '' Post-opening Willis Tower at dusk , seen from the Loop Willis Tower from across the Chicago River Sears ' optimistic growth projections were not met . Competition from its traditional rivals ( like Montgomery Ward ) continued , with new competition by retailing giants such as Kmart , Kohl 's , and Walmart . The fortunes of Sears & Roebuck declined in the 1970s as the company lost market share ; its management grew more cautious . Nor did the Sears Tower draw as many tenants as Sears had hoped . The tower stood half - vacant for a decade as a surplus of office space was erected in Chicago in the 1980s . In 1990 , the law firm of Keck , Mahin & Cate decided to move out of its space in the Sears Tower and into a development that would become 77 West Wacker Drive , rebuffing Sears ' attempts to entice the firm to stay . Two years later , Sears began moving its own offices out of the Sears Tower . In 1994 , Sears sold the building to Boston - based AEW Capital Management , with financing from MetLife . At the time , it was one - third vacant . By 1995 , Sears had completely left the building , moving to a new office campus in Hoffman Estates , Illinois . In 1997 , Toronto - based TrizecHahn Corporation ( the owner of the CN Tower at the time ) purchased the building for $110 million , and assumption of $4 million in liabilities , and a $734 million mortgage . In 2003 , Trizec surrendered the building to lender MetLife . In 2004 , MetLife sold the building to a group of investors , including New York - based Joseph Chetrit , Joseph Moinian , Lloyd Goldman , Joseph Cayre and Jeffrey Feil , and Skokie , Illinois - based American Landmark Properties . The quoted price was $840 million , with $825 million held in a mortgage . In June 2006 , seven men were arrested by the FBI and charged with plotting to destroy the tower . Deputy FBI Director John Pistole described their plot as `` more aspirational than operational '' . The case went to court in October 2007 ; after three trials , five of the suspects were convicted and two were acquitted . The alleged leader of the group , Narseal Batiste , was sentenced to 131⁄2 years in prison in November 2009 . Plans In February 2009 , the owners announced they were considering a plan to paint the structure silver ; this plan was later dropped . The paint would have `` rebranded '' the building and highlighted its advances in energy efficiency . The estimated cost was $50 million . Since 2007 , the building owners have been considering building a hotel on the north side of Jackson , between Wacker and Franklin , at the plaza that is the entrance to the tower 's observation deck . The tower 's parking garage is beneath the plaza . Building owners say the second building was considered in the original design . The plan was eventually cancelled as city zoning does not permit construction of such a tall tower there . Although Sears ' naming rights expired in 2003 , the building continued to be called the Sears Tower for several years . In March 2009 , London - based insurance broker Willis Group Holdings agreed to lease a portion of the building , and obtained the building 's naming rights . On July 16 , 2009 , the building was officially renamed Willis Tower . On August 13 , 2012 , United Airlines announced it would move its corporate headquarters from 77 West Wacker Drive to Willis Tower . In 2015 , the Blackstone Group completed purchase of the tower for a reported $1.3 billion , the highest price ever paid for a U.S. property outside New York City . The new owners are considering several plans for further site developments . Skydeck The Willis Tower observation deck , called the Skydeck , opened on June 22 , 1974 . Located on the tower 's 103rd floor , it is 1,353 feet ( 412.4 m ) high , making it the highest observation deck in the United States and one of Chicago 's most famous tourist attractions . Tourists can experience how the building sways on a windy day . They also can see far over the plains of Illinois and across Lake Michigan to Indiana , Michigan , and Wisconsin on a clear day . Elevators take tourists to the top in about 60 seconds , and allow tourists to feel the pressure change as they rise up . The Skydeck competes with the John Hancock Center 's observation floor a mile and a half away , which is 323 feet ( 98.5 m ) lower . Some 1.7 million tourists visit the Skydeck annually . A second Skydeck on the 99th floor is also used if the 103rd floor is closed . The tourist entrance can be found on the south side of the building along Jackson Boulevard . In January 2009 , Willis Tower 's owners began a major renovation of the Skydeck , including the installation of retractable glass balconies , which can be extended approximately 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) from the facade of the 103rd floor , overlooking South Wacker Drive . The all - glass boxes , informally dubbed `` The Ledge '' , allow visitors to look through the glass floor to the street 1,353 feet ( 412 m ) below . The boxes , which can bear 5 short tons ( 4.5 metric tons ) of weight , opened to the public on July 2 , 2009 . On May 29 , 2014 , the laminated glass covering the floor of one of the glass boxes shattered while visitors were sitting on it , but caused no injuries . The broken glass was replaced within days , and tourist operations resumed as before . Three glass bottom skyboxes ( top right ) on the west façade of Willis Tower at the 103rd floor View looking down from glass balcony Glass balcony at the skydeck Panorama of Chicago skyline as seen from Willis Tower Skydeck Sunset on Chicago Skyline view from the Skydeck Height Height comparison of Willis Tower with other tall structures . From left to right : Burj Khalifa , Dubai ; CN Tower , Toronto ; Willis Tower , Chicago The Willis Tower remains the second tallest building in the Americas ( after One World Trade Center ) and the Western Hemisphere . With a pinnacle height of 1,729 feet ( 527 m ) , it is the third - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas , as it is 86 feet ( 26.2 m ) shorter than Toronto 's CN Tower . Willis Tower is the eighth - tallest freestanding structure in the world by pinnacle height . At 1,482.6 feet ( 451.9 m ) tall , including decorative spires , the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , laid claim to replacing the Sears Tower as the tallest building in the world in 1998 . Not everyone agreed , and in the ensuing controversy , four different categories of `` tallest building '' were created . Of these , Petronas was the tallest in the first category ( height to top of architectural elements , meaning spires but not antennas ) , giving it the title of world 's tallest building . Taipei 101 in Taiwan claimed the record in three of the four categories in 2004 to become recognized as the tallest building in the world . Taipei 101 surpassed the Petronas Twin Towers in spire height and the Sears Tower in roof height and highest occupied floor . The Sears Tower retained one record : its antenna exceeded Taipei 101 's spire in height . In 2008 , the Shanghai World Financial Center claimed the records of tallest building by roof and highest occupied floor . On August 12 , 2007 , the Burj Khalifa in Dubai , United Arab Emirates was reported by its developers to have surpassed the Sears Tower in all height categories . Upon completion , One World Trade Center in New York City surpassed the Willis Tower through its structural and pinnacle heights , but not by roof , observation deck elevation , or highest occupied floor . Until 2000 , the Sears Tower did not hold the record for being the tallest building by pinnacle height . From 1969 to 1978 , this record was held by the John Hancock Center , whose antenna reached a height of 1,500 feet ( 457.2 m ) , or 49 feet ( 14.9 m ) taller than the Sears Tower 's original height of 1,450 feet ( 442.1 m ) . In 1978 , One World Trade Center became taller by pinnacle height due to the addition of a 359 feet ( 109.4 m ) antenna , which brought its total height to 1,727 feet ( 526.4 m ) . In 1982 , two antennas were installed on top of the Sears Tower which brought its total height to 1,707 feet ( 520.3 m ) , making it taller than the John Hancock Center but not One World Trade Center . However , the extension of the Sears Tower 's western antenna in June 2000 to 1,729 feet ( 527 m ) allowed it to just barely claim the title of tallest building by pinnacle height . Position in Chicago 's skyline Climbing On May 25 , 1981 , Dan Goodwin , wearing a homemade Spider - Man suit while using suction cups , camming devices , and sky hooks , and despite several attempts by the Chicago Fire Department to stop him , made the first successful outside ascent of the Sears Tower . Goodwin was arrested at the top after the seven - hour climb , and he was later charged with trespassing . Goodwin stated that the reason he made the climb was to call attention to shortcomings in high - rise rescue and firefighting techniques . After a lengthy interrogation by Chicago 's District Attorney and Fire Commissioner , Goodwin was officially released from prison . In August 1999 , French urban climber Alain `` Spiderman '' Robert , using only his bare hands and bare feet , scaled the building 's exterior glass and steel wall all the way to the top . A thick fog settled in near the end of his climb , making the last 20 stories of the building 's glass and steel exterior slippery . Naming rights West facade and entrance Although Sears sold the Tower in 1994 and had completely vacated it by 1995 , the company retained the naming rights to the building through 2003 . The new owners were rebuffed in renaming deals with CDW Corp in 2005 and the U.S. Olympic Committee in 2008 . London - based insurance broker Willis Group Holdings , Ltd. leased more than 140,000 square feet ( 13,000 m ) of space on three floors in 2009 . A Willis spokesman said the naming rights were obtained as part of the negotiations at no cost to Willis , and the building was renamed Willis Tower on July 16 , 2009 . The naming rights are valid for 15 years , so it is possible that the building 's name could change again in 2024 or later . The Chicago Tribune joked that the building 's new name reminded them of the oft - repeated `` What you talkin ' ' bout , Willis ? '' catchphrase from the 1980s American television sitcom Diff'rent Strokes and considered the name - change ill - advised in `` a city with a deep appreciation of tradition and a healthy ego , where some Chicagoans still mourn the switch from Marshall Field 's to Macy 's '' . This feeling was confirmed in a July 16 , 2009 CNN article in which some Chicago area residents expressed reluctance to accept the Willis Tower name , and in an article that appeared in the October 2010 issue of Chicago magazine that ranked the building among Chicago 's 40 most important , the author pointedly refused to acknowledge the name change and referred to the building as the `` Sears Tower '' . Time magazine called the name change one of the top 10 worst corporate name changes and pointed to negative press coverage by local news outlets and online petitions from angry residents . The naming rights issue continued into 2013 , when Eric Zorn noted in the Chicago Tribune that `` We 're stubborn about such things . This month marked four years since the former Sears Tower was re-christened Willis Tower , and the new name has yet to stick . '' Figures and statistics The top of Willis Tower is the highest point in Illinois . The tip of its highest antenna is 1,729 feet ( 527 m ) above street level or 2,325 feet ( 708.7 m ) above sea level , its roof is 1,450 feet 7 inches ( 442.14 m ) above street level or 2,046 feet ( 623.6 m ) above sea level , the 103rd floor observation deck ( The Sky deck ) is 1,353 feet ( 412 m ) above street level or 1,948 feet ( 593.8 m ) above sea level , the Franklin Street entrance is 595 feet ( 181.4 m ) above sea level . ( The highest natural point in Illinois is the Charles Mound , at 1,235 feet ( 376.4 m ) above sea level . ) The building leans about 4 inches ( 10.2 cm ) towards the west due to its slightly asymmetrical design , placing unequal loads on its foundation . The design for Willis Tower incorporates nine steel - unit square tubes in a 3 tube by 3 tube arrangement , with each tube having the footprint of 75 ft × 75 ft ( 22.9 m × 22.9 m ) . Willis Tower was the first building for which this design was used . The design allows future growth of extra height to the tower if wanted or needed . The restrooms on the 103rd floor , at 1,353 feet ( 412.4 m ) high , are the highest ( relative to street level ) in the Western Hemisphere . The design was inspired by an advertisement for a package of cigarettes . The Franklin Street entrance is the point from which all building heights are measured . The Wacker Drive entrance is six feet higher than the Franklin Street entrance , lower Wacker Drive / Lower Level 1 is approximately 17 feet , 6 inches lower than the Wacker Drive entrance and 11 feet , six inches lower than Franklin Street . The 103rd floor observation deck is 1,354 feet above the Franklin Street entrance . The glass ledges in the Skydeck are on a raised platform 18 inches higher than the rest of the 103rd floor or 1,349 feet , six inches above the Wacker Drive entrance , 1,355 feet , six inches above the Franklin Street entrance and 1,367 feet above lower Wacker Drive / Lower Level 1 . The Skydeck elevators rise from Lower Level 2 which gives a total rise of approximately 1,382 feet to the 103rd floor . The building 's total building area stands at 351,846 m ( 3,787,200 sq ft ) It remains the world 's tallest steel - construction building . All taller buildings use concrete or composite construction . Broadcasting Many broadcast station transmitters are located at the top of Willis Tower . Each list is ranked by height from the top down . Stations at the same height on the same mast indicate the use of a diplexer into the same shared antenna . Due to its extreme height , FM stations ( all class B) are very limited in power output . Radio Stations East mast 482 m : WLIT FM 93.9 MHz main , 4.0 kW , AMFM WEBG FM 95.5 backup , 3.1 kW , AMFM 480 m : WBMX FM 104.3 main , 4.1 kW , CBS Radio 476 m : WTMX FM 101.9 main , 4.2 kW , Hubbard 474 m : WBBM FM 96.3 main , 4.2 kW , CBS Radio 472 m : WKSC FM 103.5 main , 4.3 kW , AMFM WGCI FM 107.5 main , 3.7 kW , AMFM 470 m : WFMT FM 98.7 , 6.0 kW 468 m : WLS FM 94.7 main , 4.4 kW FCC query West mast 460 & 451 m : WFMT FM 98.7 backups 443 m : WBBM - FM 96.3 backup WBMX 104.3 backup unknown : W264BF 100.7 MHz , 2 W , Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa table of allotments : * * WLIT , WLS , WBBM , WTMX , WBMX , WCFS FCC query Also , NOAA Weather Radio station KWO39 transmits off the top of Willis Tower , at 162.550 MHz . KWO39 , programmed by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Chicago , is equipped with Specific Area Message Encoding ( SAME ) , which sets off a siren on specially - programmed weather radios to alert of an impending hazard , such as a tornado or civil emergency . Television Stations East mast 515 m : WLS - TV 7 analog , 55 kW , ABC Owned Television Stations ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WLS - TV 7 permanent digital , 4.75 kW 510 m : WCPX - TV 43 digital , 200 kW , Ion Media Networks WCPX - TV 38 analog , 3630 kW , Ion Media Networks ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WJYS TV 36 digital , 145 kW , Oxford Media Group WCIU - TV 27 digital , 15.1 kW , Weigel Broadcasting 509 m : WXFT - TV 59 temporary digital , 200 kW , Univision Communications WXFT - TV 50 permanent digital , 230 kW , Univision Communications 498 m : WTTW TV 11 analog , 60.3 kW , Window To the World Communications ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WBBM - TV 12 digital , 8 kW , CBS Television Stations 480 m : WFLD TV 31 digital backup , 475 kW , Fox Television Stations WPWR - TV 51 digital backup , 508 kW , Fox Television Stations 478 m : WGN - TV 19 digital backup , 310 / 229 kW , Tribune Broadcasting 474 m : WTTW TV 47 digital backup , 150 kW , Window To the World Communications WLS - TV 52 digital backup , 220 kW , ABC Owned Television Stations unknown : WESV - LD 40 digital , 37.2 kW , Trinity Christian Center of Santa Ana FCC query West mast 523 m : WPWR - TV 51 digital , 1000 kW , Fox Television Stations 514 m , WLS - TV 52 temporary digital , 153.6 kW , ABC Owned Television Stations 508 m , WMAQ - TV 29 digital , 350 kW , NBC Owned Television Stations 494 m : WMAQ - TV 5 analog , 20 kW ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WPWR - TV 50 analog , 5000 kW ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WXFT - TV 60 analog , 5000 kW , ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) 475 m : WFLD TV 31 digital , 690 / 1000 kW , Fox Television Stations 473 m : WCIU - TV 26 analog , 5000 kW ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) 472 m : WCIU - TV 27 digital , 590 kW , Weigel Broadcasting WSNS - TV 44 analog 5000 kW , NBC Owned Television Stations ( Analog Broadcast discontinued as of June 12 , 2009 . Now broadcasting only in digital . ) WSNS - TV 45 digital 467 / 665 kW , NBC Owned Television Stations 465 m : WTTW TV 47 digital , 300 kW , Window To the World Communications 455 m : WJYS TV 36 digital , 50 kW , Oxford Media Group 453 m : WGN - TV 19 digital , 645 kW , Tribune Broadcasting unknown : WWME - CD 39 digital , 4.4 kW , Weigel Broadcasting WEDE - CD 34 digital , 50 kW , First United WMEU - CA 48 analog STA , 150 kW , Weigel Broadcasting WMEU - LD 32 digital , 15 kW FCC query Cultural depictions Willis Tower as viewed from Chicago 's Chinatown Film and television The building has appeared in numerous films and television shows set in Chicago such as Ferris Bueller 's Day Off , where Ferris and company watch the streets of Chicago from the observation deck . The television show Late Night with Conan O'Brien introduced a character called The Sears Tower Dressed In Sears Clothing when the show visited Chicago in 2006 . The building is also featured in History Channel 's Life After People , in which it and other human - made landmarks suffer from neglect without humans around , and it collapses two hundred years after people are gone . In an episode of the television series Monk , Adrian Monk tries to conquer his fear of heights by imagining that he is on top of the Sears Tower . Also , in an episode of Kenan and Kel , Kenan Rockmore and Kel Kimble decide to climb to the top of the Sears Tower , so that Kenan can declare his love for a girl . The Chicago Franchise frequently features locations where the Tower is visible in the distance . In the movie Category 6 : Day of Destruction , the tower is damaged by a tornado . In `` 1969 '' , a Season 2 episode of the science - fiction series Stargate SG - 1 , the SG - 1 team accidentally travels back in time to the titular year . At one point , the team travels though Chicago and the Sears Tower is shown ( erroneously , since construction did not begin on the tower until two years later in 1971 ) . In the 2004 film I , Robot , the tower is shown updated in the year 2035 with new triangular antennas . The tower is shown surpassed in height by the USR ( United States Robotics ) Building . In the 2008 film The Dark Knight , the tower is part of Gotham City . In the 2011 film Transformers : Dark of the Moon , the tower is featured in a number of scenes . The most notable one is when the N.E.S.T team tries to enter the city using V - 22 Osprey helicopters . They use Willis Tower for cover before using wing suits to descend into the city streets . In the movie , the tower is shown to be severely damaged by the Decepticon invasion of the city . In the 2013 film Man of Steel , the tower 's interior and parts of its exterior portrayed the offices of the Daily Planet . In the 2014 film Divergent , the tower is shown abandoned and decayed in a future Chicago . In the 2015 film Jupiter Ascending , the tower is featured prominently as the place where Caine and Jupiter await a spaceship to lift them off the planet . In the 2018 film Rampage , the Energyne corporation is headquartered in the building , and uses tower 's antenna to broadcast an echolocation signal that would bring three mutated monsters to town . After the antenna is destroyed by the beasts , the entire building topples to the ground . Other Older versions of Microsoft Flight Simulator would begin with the player on the runway of Meigs Field , facing a virtual version of the tower . In Sufjan Stevens ' 2005 album Illinois , the tower is referenced in the track `` Seer 's Tower '' , whose title is a play on the tower 's now - former name , Sears Tower . Image gallery Sears Tower in 2007 Willis Tower as seen from John Hancock Center observation deck 900 North Michigan , Park Tower , the John Hancock Center , the Trump Tower , and Aon Center ( L-R ) as seen from Willis Tower Skydeck . Westward view from Willis Tower View down to South Wacker Drive from the Skydeck A view of Willis Tower at dusk A ground - level view of the multiple balconies at Willis Tower Skydeck View of Willis Tower from John Hancock Center The Eisenhower Espressway and Jane Byrne Interchange ( looking west from Willis Tower ) View of Lake Michigan from Willis Tower See also Chicago portal Illinois portal Architecture portal Architecture of Chicago List of buildings with 100 floors or more List of tallest buildings and structures in the world List of tallest buildings by U.S. state List of tallest buildings in Chicago List of tallest buildings in the United States List of tallest freestanding structures in the world List of tallest towers in the world Sears , Roebuck and Company Complex References Jump up ^ de la Merced , Michael J. ( March 16 , 2014 ) . `` Blackstone Group Purchases Landmark Willis Tower in Chicago '' . The New York Times . 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Jump up ^ David Roeder . `` Tall order for Tower ? ; Sears Tower owners to press city for zoning change , subsidy to add 2nd building as part of mega-million - dollar project next to landmark '' , Chicago Sun - Times , October 12 , 2007 . Retrieved February 25 , 2009 from HighBeam Research Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower Being Renamed '' . Chicago Breaking News . March 12 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` Tallest Building in Western Hemisphere is Renamed Willis Tower '' ( Press release ) . Willis Group . July 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Subscription Center '' . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower unveils 103rd floor glass balconies '' , USA Today , July 1 , 2009 Jump up ^ `` The Ledge at Skydeck Chicago '' . Archived from the original on June 8 , 2011 . Retrieved May 15 , 2011 . SOM.com Project Page Jump up ^ BJ Lutz ( May 30 , 2014 ) . `` Coating on Willis Tower Skydeck 's Ledge Cracks Under Tourists '' . Nbcchicago.com . Retrieved August 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Height : The History of Measuring Tall Buildings '' . Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat . Retrieved May 1 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Burj Khalifa surpasses the height of Sears Tower in Chicago '' . Visitdubai.info . December 9 , 2007 . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Freedom Tower ( '' World Trade Center 1 `` ) '' . NYC Tower . Archived from the original on December 21 , 2008 . Retrieved November 30 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Chicago Cubs History and News -- Welcome to Just One Bad Century '' . Justonebadcentury.com . Archived from the original on March 20 , 2012 . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower in Chicago Is Scaled by Stunt Man '' . Chicago ( Ill ) : New York Times . May 26 , 1981 . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Spiderman scales Sears Tower w / Stan Lee interview '' . YouTube . Retrieved January 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ' Spiderman ' scales Sears Tower in Chicago -- August 20 , 1999 '' . CNN . Retrieved September 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower name to change to Willis Tower '' . Chicago Tribune . March 12 , 2009 . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2009 . Retrieved May 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower Now Willis '' . Chicago Tribune . July 16 , 2009 . Retrieved July 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Corfman , Thomas A. ( March 11 , 2009 ) . `` Willis could get Sears Tower naming rights '' . Chicago Real Estate Daily . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Podmolik , Mary Ellen ( July 16 , 2009 ) . `` Sears Tower name change : Building today officially becomes Willis Tower '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved July 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Burns , Greg ( July 16 , 2009 ) . `` Burns on Business , Willis Wants to be Part of Chicago by Way of Jersey '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved July 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Podmolik , Mary Ellen ( 2009 ) . `` Sears Tower name change has few Chicago fans -- Willis Tower may have trouble winning over public '' . Chicago Tribune . The Tribune Company ( March 13 , 2009 ) . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower Now Named Willis Tower '' . CNN . July 16 , 2009 . Retrieved July 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Geoffrey ( 2010 ) . `` Top 40 Buildings in Chicago '' . Chicago . The Tribune Company ( October 2010 ) . Jump up ^ Suddath , Claire ( February 8 , 2010 ) . `` Top 10 Worst Corporate Name Changes : It 's the Sears Tower '' . TIME . Retrieved February 8 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Zorn , Eric ( 2013 ) . `` Change of Subject -- ' Thillens Stadium ' is no more '' . Chicago Tribune . The Tribune Company ( June 24 , 2013 ) . Jump up ^ `` Sears Tower '' . Tallest Building in the World . September 2 , 2007 . Retrieved September 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Why Was the Sears Tower Built ? '' . Whyguides.com . June 5 , 2000 . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ The History Channel ; Modern Marvels ( series ) ; episode : The Sears Tower Jump up ^ `` CrediFi '' . Sears Tower . Retrieved September 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` 100 Tallest Completed Buildings in the World '' . Council on Tall Buildings & Urban Habitat . Retrieved 4 October 2017 . Jump up ^ `` FM Query Results -- Audio Division ( FCC ) USA '' . Fcc.gov . Retrieved September 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` FM Query Results -- Audio Division ( FCC ) USA '' . Fcc.gov . Retrieved September 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` TV Query Results -- Video Division ( FCC ) USA '' . Fcc.gov . Retrieved September 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` TV Query Results -- Video Division ( FCC ) USA '' . Fcc.gov . Retrieved September 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Filming Locations for Ferris Bueller 's Day Off '' . Movie-locations.com . Retrieved September 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` The Sears Tower Dressed In Sears Clothing '' . Nbc5.com . Archived from the original on March 2 , 2008 . Retrieved October 31 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Keith Darcé ( January 31 , 2007 ) . `` Madison Avenue turns to Main Street The San Diego Union - Tribune '' . Signonsandiego.com . Retrieved September 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Merrion , Paul ( September 7 , 2011 ) . `` Willis Tower , CBOT Building star in Superman filming '' . ChicagoBusiness . Retrieved July 26 , 2013 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willis Tower . 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Daley Center ( 198 m ) ( 1965 ) John Hancock Center ( 344 m ) ( 1969 ) Aon Center ( 346 m ) ( 1973 ) Willis Tower ( 442 m ) ( 1974 ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willis_Tower&oldid=857124962 '' Categories : Airline company headquarters in the United States Buildings and structures on U.S. Route 66 Central Chicago Former world 's tallest buildings Landmarks in Chicago Office buildings completed in 1973 Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago Retail company headquarters in the United States Skidmore , Owings & Merrill buildings United Airlines Tourist attractions along U.S. Route 66 Tourist attractions in Chicago 1973 establishments in Illinois Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use mdy dates from May 2017 Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2013 All articles containing potentially dated statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011 Structurae ID different from Wikidata Pages with maps Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Alemannisch Ænglisc Aragonés Asturianu Avañe'ẽ Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Dolnoserbski Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Fiji Hindi Français Frysk Galego 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქართული Kernowek Kurdî Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar मैथिली മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Nāhuatl Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Seeltersk Shqip Sicilianu Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Twi Українська اردو Tiếng Việt West - Vlams Winaray Yorùbá 粵語 中文 82 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 August 2018 , at 18 : 38 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the sears tower became the willis tower | ["Although Sears' naming rights expired in 2003, the building continued to be called the Sears Tower for several years. In March 2009, London-based insurance broker Willis Group Holdings agreed to lease a portion of the building, and obtained the building's naming rights.[44] On July 16, 2009, the building was officially renamed Willis Tower.[45] On August 13, 2012, United Airlines announced it would move its corporate headquarters from 77 West Wacker Drive to Willis Tower.[6]\n"] | ['July 16, 2009'] | Although Sears' naming rights expired in 2003, the building continued to be called the Sears Tower for several years. In March 2009, London-based insurance broker Willis Group Holdings agreed to lease a portion of the building, and obtained the building's naming rights.[44] On July 16, 2009, the building was officially renamed Willis Tower.[45] On August 13, 2012, United Airlines announced it would move its corporate headquarters from 77 West Wacker Drive to Willis Tower.[6]
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[question]: What is the current name of the building that was formerly known as the Sears Tower?
[answer]: The building that was formerly known as the Sears Tower is now called the Willis Tower. | What is the current name of the building that was formerly known as the Sears Tower? | The building that was formerly known as the Sears Tower is now called the Willis Tower. | 1 | 7.347818 | 16 | 74 | 1 |
29,899 | -5,464,179,038,916,494,000 | Sachin: A Billion Dreams | Sachin : A Billion Dreams - Wikipedia Sachin : A Billion Dreams Jump to : navigation , search Sachin : A Billion Dreams Theatrical poster Directed by James Erskine Written by James Erskine Sivakumar Ananth Starring Sachin Tendulkar Music by A.R. Rahman Edited by Avdhesh Mohla Production company 200 NotOut Productions Release date 26 May 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 26 ) Country India Language Hindi , Marathi , English Box office est . ₹ 75.01 crore Sachin : A Billion Dreams is a 2017 Indian docudrama - biographical film directed by James Erskine and produced by Ravi Bhagchandka and Carnival Motion Pictures under 200 NotOut Productions . The film is based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar . The film was released on 26 May 2017 . It captures Tendulkar 's cricket and personal life in substantial detail , as well as reveals few aspects of his life which have never been heard of or seen before . The film is simultaneously shot in Hindi , Marathi and English . Dubbed versions of the film will be released in Tamil and Telugu . The Film has been declared tax free in Chhattisgarh , Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra and Odisha . Contents ( hide ) 1 Release 1.1 Marketing 2 Critical reception 3 Music 3.1 Hindi track listing 3.2 Tamil track Listing 3.3 Marathi track Listing 3.4 Telugu track Listing 4 References 5 External links Release ( edit ) The film was released on 26 May 2017 in India . on 21 May , Sachin Tendulkar conducted a special screening of the film for the Indian Armed Forces personnel at the Indian Air Force Auditorium . Since the filmmakers wanted the film to appeal to the cricketer 's diverse fans nationwide , it was also released in five languages -- English , Hindi , Marathi , Tamil and Telugu . Marketing ( edit ) The name of the film was selected via a contest that Sachin Tendulkar had announced on Twitter . In May 2017 , Sachin traveled to London to promote the film . Critical reception ( edit ) Hindustan Times wrote in their review that the movie had `` everything '' to make its audience `` nostalgic '' . The Times of India gave 3 stars out of five . Music ( edit ) Sachin : A Billion Dreams ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) Soundtrack album by A.R. Rahman Released 24 April 2017 Recorded Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios Genre Feature Film Soundtrack Length 12 : 57 Language Hindi , Tamil , Marathi , Telugu Label Times Music Producer A.R. Rahman A.R. Rahman chronology Kaatru Veliyidai ( 2017 ) Kaatru Veliyidai 2017 Sachin : A Billion Dreams ( 2017 ) 99 Songs ( 2017 ) 99 Songs 2017 The music of the film is composed by A.R. Rahman , while lyrics is written by Irshad Kamil . The full soundtrack consisting 3 tracks was released on 24 April 2017 by Times Music . The lyrics for Tamil , Marathi , Telugu songs were written by Madhan Karky , Subodh Khanolkar and Vanamali respectively . Hindi track listing ( edit ) No . Title Music Singer ( s ) Length 1 . `` Hind Mere Jind '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Rahman 5 : 14 2 . `` Sachin Sachin '' A.R. Rahman Sukhwinder Singh , Kaly 4 : 09 3 . `` Mard Maratha '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Ameen , Anjali Gaikwad 3 : 34 Total length : 12 : 57 Tamil track Listing ( edit ) No . Title Music Singer ( s ) Length 1 . `` Indhianey Vaa '' A.R. Rahman Karthik , A.R. Rahman 5 : 15 2 . `` Sachin Sachin '' A.R. Rahman Sid Sriram , Poorvi Koutish , Nikhita Gandhi 4 : 09 3 . `` Cricket Kara '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Ameen , Vishwa Prasad , Anjali Gaikwad 3 : 30 Total length : 12 : 54 Marathi track Listing ( edit ) No . Title Music Singer ( s ) Length 1 . `` Hind Mere Jind '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Rahman , Abhay Jodhpurkar 5 : 13 2 . `` Sachin Sachin '' A.R. Rahman Nakash Aziz , Poorvi Koutish , Nikhita Gandhi 4 : 10 3 . `` Mard Marathi '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Ameen , Anjali Gaikwad 3 : 29 Total length : 12 : 52 Telugu track Listing ( edit ) No . Title Music Singer ( s ) Length 1 . `` Deshamokkate '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Rahman , Nakul Abhyankar 5 : 15 2 . `` Sachin Sachin '' A.R. Rahman Parag Chhabra , Poorvi Koutish , Nikhita Gandhi 4 : 11 3 . `` Veer Marata '' A.R. Rahman A.R. Ameen , Anjali Gaikwad 3 : 31 Total length : 12 : 57 References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Hungama , Bollywood ( 27 May 2017 ) . `` Box Office : Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Sachin -- A Billion Dreams - Bollywood Hungama '' . Jump up ^ `` Sachin Tendulkar 's movie teaser on April 14th '' . The Indian Express . 11 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` First poster of film on Sachin Tendulkar is out '' . ABP Live . 11 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Sachin and Arjun , the father - son duo share silver screen in upcoming biopic of the ' God of Cricket ' '' . jagran.com. 25 April 2016 . Retrieved 25 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Hungama , Bollywood . `` Sachin - A Billion Dreams - Latest News , Videos , Photos - Bollywood Hungama '' . Bollywood Hungama . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 10 . Jump up ^ Aggarwal , Shreeda . `` ' Mark the Date ! ' : Sachin Tendulkar Biopic to Release on 26 May '' . The Quint . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` About SACHIN - A Billion Dreams Film '' . sachinbilliondreams . com . Jump up ^ Correspondent , Special . `` The film is about my real journey : Tendulkar '' . Jump up ^ `` ' Sachin : A Billion Dreams ' to release in five languages including Marathi and Tamil - The Economic Times '' . Jump up ^ `` ' Sachin : A Billion Dreams ' made tax - free in Odisha '' . Jump up ^ `` Sachin Tendulkar holds screening of ' Sachin : A Billion Dreams ' for armed forces '' . 21 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Sachin : A Billion Dreams To Release in Five Languages '' . CNN - News18 . May 5 , 2017 . Retrieved May 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Sachin Tendulkar asks fans to suggest movie title '' . The Indian Express . 2015 - 03 - 04 . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 10 . Jump up ^ Sabika Razvi ( May 6 , 2017 ) . `` In Photos : Sachin Tendulkar Takes ' A Billion Dreams ' to London '' . The Quint . Retrieved May 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Sachin - A Billion Dreams movie review : It has everything to make you nostalgic '' . 26 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Sachin A Billion Dreams Review ( 3 / 5 ) : James Erskine puts Sachin on a pedestal and tells the story with an unnatural amount of reverence '' . The Times of India . External links ( edit ) Sachin : A Billion Dreams on IMDb Sachin -- A Billion Dreams at Bollywood Hungama James Erskine on IMDb Sachin Tendulkar Awards Achievements ODI Awards Related Centuries Quotations Biographies Playing It My Way Sachin : A Billion Dreams A.R. Rahman Discography Images Awards and nominations Studio albums Vande Mataram Bombay Dreams Jana Gana Mana Lord of the Rings Connections Raunaq Original scores and soundtracks Roja Padayappa Alaipayuthey Sivaji Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa Raavanan Enthiran Kadal Maryan Kochadaiiyaan Kaaviya Thalaivan Lingaa O Kadhal Kanmani 24 Kaatru Veliyidai Delhi - 6 Blue Raavan Jhootha Hi Sahi Rockstar Ekk Deewana Tha Jab Tak Hai Jaan Raanjhanaa Highway Lekar Hum Deewana Dil Tamasha Puli 127 Hours People like Us Million Dollar Arm The Hundred - Foot Journey Muhammad : The Messenger of God Live albums Classic Incantations Concert tours A.R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert : The Journey Home World Tour Filmography Passage Related articles SuperHeavy `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' Book Portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sachin:_A_Billion_Dreams&oldid=800260180 '' Categories : 2017 films Sachin Tendulkar Hindi - language films Indian biographical films Indian films Films about cricket in India Cricket films 2010s Hindi - language films Indian sports films Films based on actual events Sports films based on actual events Biographical films about sportspeople Hindi film scores by A.R. Rahman 2010s biographical films Hindi - language films dubbed in Tamil Hindi - language films dubbed in Telugu Docudramas Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from February 2017 Use Indian English from February 2017 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Articles with hAudio microformats Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Track listings with deprecated parameters Track listings with input errors Talk Contents About Wikipedia हिन्दी ಕನ್ನಡ मराठी Edit links This page was last edited on 12 September 2017 , at 12 : 01 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who is the director of sachin a bilion dreams | ["Sachin: A Billion Dreams is a 2017 Indian docudrama-biographical film directed by James Erskine and produced by Ravi Bhagchandka and Carnival Motion Pictures under 200 NotOut Productions. The film is based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar.[2][3][4] The film was released on 26 May 2017.[5][6] It captures Tendulkar's cricket and personal life in substantial detail, as well as reveals few aspects of his life which have never been heard of or seen before.[7] The film is simultaneously shot in Hindi, Marathi and English.[8] Dubbed versions of the film will be released in Tamil and Telugu.[9]"] | ['James Erskine'] | Sachin: A Billion Dreams is a 2017 Indian docudrama-biographical film directed by James Erskine and produced by Ravi Bhagchandka and Carnival Motion Pictures under 200 NotOut Productions. The film is based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar.[2][3][4] The film was released on 26 May 2017.[5][6] It captures Tendulkar's cricket and personal life in substantial detail, as well as reveals few aspects of his life which have never been heard of or seen before.[7] The film is simultaneously shot in Hindi, Marathi and English.[8] Dubbed versions of the film will be released in Tamil and Telugu.[9] |
[question]: What is the name of the film based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar?
[answer]: The name of the film based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar is Sachin: A Billion Dreams. | What is the name of the film based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar? | The name of the film based on the life of Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar is Sachin: A Billion Dreams. | 1 | 7.343701 | 19 | 97 | 1 |
6,060 | -7,826,110,412,950,312,000 | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 | Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 - wikipedia Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Jump to : navigation , search Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 North American box art Developer ( s ) Infinity Ward Publisher ( s ) Activision Director ( s ) Jason West Producer ( s ) Mark Rubin Designer ( s ) Todd Alderman Steve Fukuda Mohammad Alavi Writer ( s ) Jesse Stern Composer ( s ) Lorne Balfe Hans Zimmer Series Call of Duty Engine IW engine Platform ( s ) Microsoft Windows PlayStation 3 Xbox 360 OS X Release Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 WW : November 10 , 2009 OS X WW : May 20 , 2014 Genre ( s ) First - person shooter Mode ( s ) Single - player , multiplayer Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 is a first - person shooter video game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on November 10 , 2009 for Microsoft Windows , the PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . A version for OS X was developed by Aspyr and released on May 20 , 2014 . It is the sixth installment of the Call of Duty series and the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , continuing the same storyline . It was released in conjunction with two other Call of Duty games : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare : Mobilized for the Nintendo DS , and Call of Duty : Modern Warfare : Reflex , a port of Call of Duty 4 adapted by Treyarch for the Wii console . The game 's campaign follows the Task Force 141 , a special forces unit fronted by Captain Soap MacTavish , as they hunt Vladimir Makarov , leader of the Russian Ultranationalist party , and the United States Army Rangers , who are defending the country from a Russian invasion . The game 's main playable characters are Gary `` Roach '' Sanderson , of the 141 , and James Ramirez , of the Army Rangers , with Captain MacTavish becoming playable later in the campaign . An expansive multiplayer mode is featured in the game , with several new features and modes that were not seen in its predecessor . Development for the game began in 2008 , when it was still known as Call of Duty 6 . It uses the IW 4.0 engine , an improved version of Call of Duty 4 's IW 3.0 . Infinity Ward was inspired by real - life conflicts when developing the campaign mode . They initially tested the multiplayer mode by playing an in - house beta version of the game . Modern Warfare 2 was officially announced on February 11 , 2009 . Teasing of the game began in March , with short trailers being released for the game and , eventually , a full reveal trailer . The multiplayer mode was revealed shortly after . Two downloadable content packs were released for it post-release , each containing four new maps . Modern Warfare 2 has been critically acclaimed by various gaming websites as one of the greatest first person shooters of all time . Within 24 hours of release , the game sold approximately 4.7 million copies in North America and the United Kingdom . As of early 2018 , the game has sold over 25 million copies and still has an active multiplayer base with third party servers being hosted in Melbourne , Australia . In addition to its release , a comic book series based on one of the game 's characters was also produced , entitled Modern Warfare 2 : Ghost . Despite the game 's success , it was subject to some controversies , with one surrounding a playable level that had the player carry out a terror attack on an airport . A sequel , Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 , was released in 2011 and finishes the Modern Warfare storyline . According to a number of sources , a remastered version of Modern Warfare 2 developed by Beenox is set to be released on April 30 , 2018 , however the game will only feature the single player mode . Contents ( hide ) 1 Gameplay 2 Plot 2.1 Characters and setting 2.2 Story 3 Development 3.1 Game engine 3.2 Audio 4 Marketing and release 4.1 Title 4.2 Retail versions 4.3 Downloadable content 4.4 Comic 4.5 Short film 5 Reception 5.1 Sales and revenue 5.2 Awards 5.3 Controversy 5.4 Technical problems 6 Notes and references 6.1 Bibliography 7 External links Gameplay ( edit ) The gameplay of Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 revolves around fast - paced gunfights against enemy combatants . The player controls a soldier , and can perform several actions , including jump , sprint , crouch , lay prone , and aim down their gun 's iron sights . When the player is shot by an enemy , blood will splatter their heads - up display ( HUD ) , denoting that they have taken damage ; if the player avoids gunfire by taking cover , their health will recover . The HUD also displays other information , such as a compass , a mini-map , and the player 's current ammunition count . The game features traditional guns , including assault rifles , shotguns , handguns , and sniper rifles . The player will be given specific guns at the beginning of each level , but may switch them out with another gun they find . Some guns have attachments , such as suppressors , and heartbeat sensors . The player can also use grenades and flashbangs when faced with a large group of enemies , as well as a knife for close quarters combat . In some levels , the player will be given special equipment , such as night vision goggles , or a laser designator . Players can compete against each other in Multiplayer mode Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 has three different game modes : Campaign , Spec Ops , and Multiplayer . Campaign is a single - player mode where the player completes eighteen levels connected by an overarching plot . Each level features a series of objectives to fulfill , and the player will often switch characters between levels . If the player dies during a level , they will respawn at the most recent checkpoint . Levels can be played on one of four difficulties , and each level can be replayed after it has been completed . Spec Ops mode features twenty - three additional levels that can be played individually or cooperatively with a partner . These levels provide specific challenges , such as defusing three bombs within a short period of time . If one player is shot down while playing cooperatively , they will begin crawling , and can shoot enemies with a handgun . If they are not revived by the other player , then they will die and fail the level . There are five tiers of Spec Ops levels , with each tier harder than the previous . Only the first tier is available from the beginning , as later tiers can be unlocked with enough stars . The player earns stars by completing the levels on one of three difficulties , with the number of stars earned corresponding to the difficulty chosen . Multiplayer mode allows players to compete against each other in team - based and deathmatch - based game types on various maps . Each game type has an objective that requires unique strategies to complete . If the player kills three or more players in a row without dying , they achieve a `` killstreak '' , which gives the player a tactical advantage during a match . These include a Predator missile , a sentry gun , and a `` tactical nuke '' . Alternatively , if the player dies several times without a kill , they will be rewarded with a `` deathstreak '' bonus , which evens the match for the player . A match ends when either a team or player has reached a predefined number of points , or the allotted time expires in which case the team or player with the most points wins . The player 's performance in the Multiplayer is tracked with experience points , which can be earned by killing opposing players , completing objectives , or by completing a match . As the player gains experience , they advance in level , unlocking new weapons . The player will also unlock perks , which modify gameplay elements such as unlimited sprint and increased bullet damage . Plot ( edit ) Characters and setting ( edit ) During the single - player campaign , the player controls five different characters from a first - person perspective . The player primarily controls Sergeant Gary `` Roach '' Sanderson , a British member of an international Special Forces unit named Task Force 141 . In addition to Roach , the player will also assume control of Private First Class Joseph Allen ( Troy Baker ) and Private James Ramirez of the United States Army Rangers . The now Captain John `` Soap '' MacTavish ( Kevin McKidd ) serves as a senior member of Task Force 141 , acting as Roach 's superior officer and becomes the playable character in the final three missions of the game . Lastly , the player briefly assumes the role of an astronaut stationed on the International Space Station during the height of the war between the United States and Russia . The game 's non-playable characters ( NPCs ) feature prominently in the story : For Task Force 141 , Lieutenant Simon `` Ghost '' Riley ( Craig Fairbrass ) , who conceals his face with a skull print balaclava serves as Soap 's second in command . For the United States Army Rangers , Sergeant Foley ( Keith David ) , along with his subordinate , Corporal Dunn ( Barry Pepper ) , is initially Joseph Allen 's squad leader , and becomes James Ramirez 's squad leader later in the story . Lieutenant General Shepherd ( Lance Henriksen ) is the commander of the United States Army Rangers and Task Force 141 . Other supporting characters returning from Call of Duty 4 include Captain John Price ( Billy Murray ) , MacTavish 's former commanding officer in the British Special Air Service who was imprisoned in Russia , and Russian informant `` Nikolai '' ( Sven Holmberg ) . The primary and hidden antagonist is General Shepherd ( Lance Henriksen ) , who is seemingly an ally for the first half , before he later turns on his own forces . The secondary antagonist is Vladamir Makarov , ( Roman Varshavsky ) , a Russian terrorist who assumed command of the Russian ultranationalist party shortly after Imran Zhakaev 's death . Story ( edit ) In 2016 , Private First Class Joseph Allen participates in a military operation alongside United States Army Rangers stationed in Afghanistan , by assisting them in taking back a city from insurgents . Impressed by Allen 's capabilities , General Shepherd recruits him into Task Force 141 . While Allen prepares for an upcoming assignment , Captain John `` Soap '' MacTavish and Sergeant Gary `` Roach '' Sanderson infiltrate a Russian airbase in the Tian Shan mountains to retrieve an Attack Characterization System ( ACS ) module from a downed American satellite . Allen is soon sent on an undercover mission for the CIA , joining Vladimir Makarov in a mass shooting at an airport in Moscow , Russia . Afterwards , Makarov kills Allen , aware of his true identity , and leaves his body behind to spark a war between Russia and the United States . Outraged by an apparent American - sponsored terrorist attack , Russia retaliates by launching a surprise invasion on the East Coast of the United States . With no evidence of Makarov 's involvement in the airport massacre , Task Force 141 is sent to Rio de Janeiro to capture his arms dealer . They succeed and learn that Makarov 's nemesis is being held in a Russian gulag . They assault the gulag and rescue the prisoner : Captain Price , Soap 's previous commanding officer in the SAS . Price agrees to help Task Force 141 but insists on ending the United States ' war with Russia . After raiding a Russian port , Price launches a ballistic missile towards Washington , D.C. and detonates it in the upper atmosphere . The resulting EMP blast disables all electronic devices across the eastern seaboard , giving the Americans a much - needed advantage . Soldiers fighting in D.C. narrowly avoid a bombing run of Russian - occupied strategic structures by the United States Air Force , lighting green flares atop the White House to show that the city remains in American hands . Meanwhile , Task Force 141 narrows Makarov 's hiding place to two locations ; an aircraft boneyard in Afghanistan , and Makarov 's safehouse on the Georgian - Russian border . Roach and Simon `` Ghost '' Riley successfully raid the safehouse , but are then betrayed and murdered by Shepherd . It soon becomes evident that Shepherd is the catalyst of the Russian - U.S. war , intent on cementing his status as a national hero . Price and Soap learn of Shepherd 's betrayal and escape a battle between his and Makarov 's forces at the boneyard . After learning of Shepherd 's mountain base in Afghanistan from Makarov , Price and Soap raid the base to take revenge on Shepherd in a suicide mission . The duo pursue Shepherd 's boat , and Price manages to shoot down his helicopter extraction as he and Soap tumble over a waterfall . A dazed Soap stumbles towards the crash site and attempts to kill Shepherd , but is stabbed in the chest . While Price arrives and engages Shepherd in a fist fight , Soap pulls the knife out of his chest and throws it at Shepherd , killing him . Nikolai arrives and helps Price evacuate Soap for medical attention . Development ( edit ) Modern Warfare 2 was originally announced as Call of Duty 6 . The game was first announced under the title Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 by Activision on December 3 , 2008 . Activision subsequently retracted its announcement , stating that any information about an upcoming Call of Duty game was `` speculative . '' Infinity Ward then asserted that it had not officially confirmed its latest project at that time . On February 11 , 2009 , Activision officially announced Modern Warfare 2 and set a tentative release date for `` Holiday 2009 . '' The game was tested in an internal beta by the development team . While both Call of Duty 4 and Call of Duty : World at War had been preceded by public multiplayer betas , no such beta was released for Modern Warfare 2 because it was determined that , according to Community Manager Robert Bowling , no public beta was needed unless the internal beta did not provide adequate feedback . Infinity Ward announced on October 2009 that the PC version of Modern Warfare 2 would not support the use of user - run dedicated servers or in - game console commands . This announcement was received poorly by some members of the PC community , eventually instigating a response from Infinity Ward in an attempt to put the community at ease . During brainstorming sessions , an idea came forth on what if the ending of Modern Warfare was a loss , leading to the sequel . In an interview with Jesse Stern , he talked to producers of Infinity Ward with ideas such as `` outbreaks , viruses , chemical warfare , and even outlandish things such as aliens and the living dead . '' Stern mentioned having the game based on real - life conflicts before they halted further planning at first due to events in the 2008 South Ossetia war and in the Mumbai terrorist attacks . Game engine ( edit ) The game utilizes the in - house IW 4.0 game engine , which is claimed to be a generation beyond the capabilities of the engine used in Call of Duty 4 . Although proprietary , the game is based on an unspecified id Tech engine , and can accommodate larger worlds , enhanced graphic detail , and more efficient rendering . Infinity Ward has addressed the issue of enemies that continually respawn at different points of a level . The developer demonstrated that the game engine uses a `` dynamic AI '' , which has replaced the infinite respawn system and allows enemies to act more independently . These `` smarter '' enemies are designed to actively seek out and drive the player forward through a level , and can break away from set behaviors such as following a designated route in order to attack . The player can not depend on enemies to be found in the same locations as a previous play - through because enemies will behave differently each time a level is played . Audio ( edit ) On August 20 , 2009 , Robert Bowling revealed through Twitter that Kevin McKidd , Craig Fairbrass , Barry Pepper , Keith David , and Glenn Morshower were confirmed voice actors for the game . It was later confirmed that McKidd would voice the protagonist , `` Soap '' MacTavish . Fairbrass , who voiced Gaz in Call of Duty 4 , provided voice work for `` Ghost '' . Billy Murray reprised his role as Captain Price from Call of Duty 4 . Rapper 50 Cent provided voice work for the Special Ops and multiplayer modes , portraying `` one of the squad ( member ) voices . '' The main theme of Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 was provided by Hollywood composer Hans Zimmer , while the rest of the score was composed by Lorne Balfe . The soundtrack was released on June 1 , 2010 . The iTunes page for the soundtrack incorrectly lists Zimmer as the soundtrack 's only composer . Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ( Original Score ) Soundtrack album by Lorne Balfe Released June 1 , 2010 ( 2010 - 06 - 01 ) ( digital ) Recorded 2008 -- 09 Genre Soundtrack orchestral ambient Length 52 : 39 Label Activision Producer Lorne Balfe No . Title Writer ( s ) Length 1 . `` Opening Titles '' Hans Zimmer 3 : 25 2 . `` Extraction Point '' Lorne Balfe 3 : 35 3 . `` Breach '' Balfe 3 : 22 4 . `` Guerrilla Tactics '' Balfe 2 : 58 5 . `` Siege '' Balfe 4 : 06 6 . `` Infiltration '' Balfe 4 : 28 7 . `` Esprit de corps '' Balfe 3 : 07 8 . `` Retreat and Reveille '' Balfe 2 : 58 9 . `` Ordinance '' Balfe 1 : 58 10 . `` Contingency '' Balfe 2 : 16 11 . `` Onwards '' Balfe 2 : 28 12 . `` Code of Conduct '' Balfe 2 : 09 13 . `` Chain of Command '' Balfe 2 : 01 14 . `` Safeguard '' Balfe 2 : 43 15 . `` Deadline '' Balfe 3 : 56 16 . `` Protocol '' Balfe 3 : 47 17 . `` Coup de grâce '' Balfe 3 : 22 Total length : 52 : 39 Marketing and release ( edit ) On March 25 , 2009 , a teaser trailer for the game was revealed at the Game Developer Choice Awards ceremony in San Francisco . The teaser was posted on Infinity Ward 's website , and released on the Xbox Live Marketplace and the PlayStation Network a short time later . A second teaser was released on May 10 , 2009 and showed gameplay features such as snowmobile driving and underwater actions . The teaser announced that the game would be `` revealed '' on TNT during the NBA Eastern Conference Finals on May 24 , 2009 . The `` reveal '' was the first full - length trailer , which debuted extended sequences of actual in - game scenes and combat ; the trailer was subsequently made available on the Modern Warfare 2 official website , which was kept updated for the occasion . A fourth trailer was released on July 27 , 2009 , and showed the first footage of the game 's multiplayer mode . On October 4 , 2009 , a second full - length cinematic trailer was released and revealed that part of the game would take place in a war - torn Washington , D.C. On July 21 , 2009 , Infinity Ward 's Robert Bowling revealed through Twitter that a Modern Warfare 2 controller was in the works . Peripherals manufacturer Mad Catz was contracted by Activision to create a line of Modern Warfare 2 controllers and accessories for all platforms that the game would be available on . Activision stated , in its quarterly earnings report , that pre-orders for the game had broken a company record ; more copies of Modern Warfare 2 had been pre-ordered than any other game that the company had published before . In September 2009 , Monster Energy teamed up with Activision to bring special redeemable codes on the Monster Energy website , where people may submit codes included in Monster Energy packs to redeem items such as Xbox 360 Premium Themes and a Modern Warfare 2 Map Pack code . Title ( edit ) The original teaser trailer confirmed that the game 's title of Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 was officially shortened to just Modern Warfare 2 . After photographs of the official retail boxes were posted by Robert Bowling , Activision confirmed that the standard - edition Modern Warfare 2 packaging would feature the Call of Duty brand logo in order to reflect the game 's association with the Call of Duty franchise . It is speculated that the decision was influenced by findings that brand awareness for the game was significantly lower without the Call of Duty logo . However , the developers still prefer to simply call the game Modern Warfare 2 as they consider it a new IP . The menus in the game also refer to the title as simply Modern Warfare 2 . Retail versions ( edit ) Modern Warfare 2 was released in four different retail versions across the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms : Standard , Hardened , Veteran , and Prestige . The standard version consists of the game and an instructional manual , and is the only version available for the Microsoft Windows platform . The Hardened Edition consists of the game and manual ( which are packaged in a steel book case ) , an art book , and a token that allows one to download Call of Duty Classic , a hi - definition version of the original Call of Duty game , from Xbox Live Arcade or the PlayStation Store ( Classic was released individually on December 2 , 2009 ) . The Prestige Edition contains all of the elements of the Hardened Edition , but also includes a set of fully functioning night vision goggles , imprinted with the Modern Warfare 2 logo , and a stand modeled after the head of the character `` Soap '' MacTavish . The goggles are powered by five AA batteries and can see up to 50 feet in absolute darkness . On September 15 , 2009 , Activision and Microsoft jointly announced a special , limited Modern Warfare 2 version of the Xbox 360 with a 250GB hard disk . The unit is highlighted by special game product branding and includes two wireless controllers and a headset . This is the first Xbox 360 to come with a 250GB hard drive . On September 18 , UK and rep of Ireland retailer GAME announced a Veteran Edition of Modern Warfare 2 would be exclusive to rep of Ireland and UK . It will come with a 12 '' ( 30.5 cm ) tall statue of `` Soap '' MacTavish with interchangeable arms and weapons ; has the same contents as the Hardened Edition . In September 2009 , a Veteran Statue Bundle of Modern Warfare 2 was posted on the EB Games website and is available for all platforms . Modern Warfare 2 was ported to OS X by Aspyr years after the game 's original release . This version was released on May 20 , 2014 , alongside the OS X port for Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 . Downloadable content ( edit ) Activision announced that two downloadable map packs would be released for Modern Warfare 2 . At E3 2009 , Microsoft stated that these map packs would first be made available for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live before they would be released for other platforms . Robert Bowling stated that the community response to the game and the first ten downloadable map packs would be used in designing other potential map packs . The first map pack , titled the `` Stimulus Package , '' was released first for Xbox Live on March 30 , 2010 and for PlayStation Network and PC on May 4 , 2010 in North America . The pack contains five maps : reincarnations of the Crash and Overgrown maps from Call of Duty 4 , and three new maps : Bailout , a multi-level apartment complex ; Storm , an industrial park littered with heavy machinery ; and Salvage , an abandoned car junkyard in the middle of the snow . Within 24 hours of its release , it was downloaded over one million times . Within the first week it had been downloaded 2.5 million times , breaking Xbox Live DLC records . In addition to integrating the maps into all existing game types , the Stimulus Package adds two new game modes , randomizing the built - in game types in either normal or hardcore mode . Activision released the second downloadable map pack , titled the `` Resurgence Package '' , exclusively for Xbox Live on June 3 , 2010 in North America . This release was followed by the PlayStation Network and PC versions on July 6 in North America and on July 7 worldwide . The package includes five new multiplayer maps : reincarnations of the Strike and Vacant maps from Call of Duty 4 , and three new maps : Carnival , a desolated amusement park ; Trailer Park , a mobile home park ; and Fuel , an oil refinery . Both of the map packs were made available for purchase on OS X on May 20 , 2014 , when the OS X port of the game was released . Comic ( edit ) Main article : Modern Warfare 2 : Ghost A six - part comic book mini-series related to the game has also been produced . Announced by Robert Bowling on August 17 , 2009 , Modern Warfare 2 : Ghost is focused on the backstory of the character Ghost , who appears in the video game as a member of Task Force 141 . The series is published by WildStorm . The first issue of the series debuted on November 11 , 2009 . Short film ( edit ) Main article : Find Makarov : Operation Kingfish A fan - made prequel to Modern Warfare 2 , entitled Find Makarov : Operation Kingfish , premiered at Call of Duty : XP 2011 . The video was produced by We Can Pretend , visual effects by The Junction , and was endorsed by Activision . The first film , Find Makarov , was a non-canon fan made film . Activision contacted We Can Pretend about the video and helped produce a second canon short film , Find Makarov : Operation Kingfish . The prequel tells the story of how Task Force 141 first tried to capture Vladimir Makarov , who was known then as Kingfish . It also tells how Soap got his facial scars , and how Price was captured and incarcerated in a gulag . Reception ( edit ) Reception Aggregate scores Aggregator Score GameRankings ( X360 ) 93.57 % ( PS3 ) 93.42 % ( PC ) 87.84 % Metacritic ( X360 ) 94 / 100 ( PS3 ) 94 / 100 ( PC ) 86 / 100 Review scores Publication Score 1UP.com AllGame CVG 9.4 / 10 Destructoid 9.5 / 10 Famitsu 39 / 40 G4 Game Informer 9.75 / 10 GamePro GameSpot 9.0 / 10 GameSpy GamesRadar+ 10 / 10 GameTrailers 9.5 / 10 IGN 9.5 / 10 Joystiq OXM ( US ) 9.5 / 10 OXM ( UK ) 10 / 10 PC Gamer ( UK ) 80 % PC Gamer ( US ) 80 % TeamXbox 9.7 / 10 X-Play The Escapist The Daily Telegraph 10 / 10 The Guardian Awards Publication Award IGN Editor 's Choice GamePro Editor 's Choice BAFTA PC Game of the Year ( 2009 ) GameTrailers Game of the Year 2009 PakGamers Best Xbox 360 Game of 2009 GameSpot Best Shooter / Readers Choice GameTrailers Best First - Person Shooter Destructoid Editor 's Choice Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Action Game of the Year Modern Warfare 2 received critical acclaim , especially its console versions . Reviewers praised the in - depth story mode , mini missions , and multiplayer . 1UP.com stated `` Mixing real - world locations with bombastic set - pieces MW2 continues the guided , thrill - ride experiences of its predecessor , and adds even more depth to its multiplayer offerings . It might not have fixed all the problems from the first game , but there 's just so much quality content packed into this game that it will almost certainly be one of the most - played games in your library for a long time to come '' . Game Informer noted `` Modern Warfare 2 is a masterpiece of careful iteration , with an unmatched presentation and a well of content that will take months to run dry '' . IGN commented `` For those planning to check out everything Modern Warfare 2 has to offer -- online competition , full co-op Spec Ops mode , as well as the campaign -- you 're looking at a no - brainer purchase '' . GameTrailers stated `` The air of unpredictability and the care that was paid to each separate element puts it in lofty company . The multiplayer has n't received an overhaul , but considering most shooters are still playing catch - up with Call of Duty 4 , the tweaks and twists make it the best multiplayer shooting experience in the industry . Few games manage to meet such high expectations '' . Computer and Video Games called the game `` Loud , epic and incredibly polished , ( and ) this year 's biggest must - have shooter '' . Criticisms of the game are directed towards a variety of aspects , but focus on the short length of the single player campaign . IGN 's Mark Bozon remarks that the single - player of `` Modern Warfare 2 is surprisingly short , and does n't live up to the standard set by previous Call of Duty games . '' In addition , many reviewers have complained about the lack of innovation to the formula of the series . Famitsu named Modern Warfare 2 as the number one game on the top 10 video games sold in 2009 , beating games such as Metal Gear Solid 4 , Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves , Halo 3 and Grand Theft Auto IV . It also gave the game a score of 39 / 40 , being one of the few Western games released in Japan to have the same score as Grand Theft Auto IV . Sales and revenue ( edit ) According to preliminary sales figures from Activision , Modern Warfare 2 sold approximately 4.7 million units in the United States and the UK combined in the first 24 hours of its release . The total revenue from first day sales in the U.S. and the UK was $310 million , making Modern Warfare 2 the biggest entertainment launch in history at the time , surpassing in revenue its predecessor , Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , as well as items from other media types . After five days of sales , the game had earned revenue figures of $550 million worldwide . As of January 18 , 2010 , it has taken over $1 billion in sales . Activision also claims that Modern Warfare 2 had 8 million players online within the first five days , constituting the largest ' army ' of players in the world . On March 8 , 2010 , Robert Bowling announced that the game had amassed 25 million unique players . In June 2010 , Activision 's CFO Thomas Tippl revealed that the game had sold 20 million copies . In August 2011 , Activision Publishing CEO Eric Hirshberg revealed that the game had sold 22 million copies . A month later in September 2011 , Modern Warfare 3 producer Mark Rubin , said that the game 's sales are between 28 and 29 million . In November 2013 , IGN put the game 's sales at 22.7 million . According to the NPD Group , Modern Warfare 2 sold approximately 4.2 million units for the Xbox 360 and 1.87 million units for the PlayStation 3 in the U.S. during the month of November 2009 . In Japan , Modern Warfare 2 sold 64,000 copies for the PlayStation 3 and 42,000 copies for the Xbox 360 in its first week of sales . The game later sold 117,000 copies on the PlayStation 3 and 61,000 on the Xbox 360 . Anita Frazier of the NPD Group reported in March 2010 that the game had sold slightly under 10 million copies in the U.S. alone . The game is the second best - selling game of all time in both the UK and the U.S. Awards ( edit ) Modern Warfare 2 received awards from various gaming sites and publications , it gained high praise from some video game magazines . At the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards , Modern Warfare 2 received the Best Shooter and Best Multiplayer awards . Both GameSpy and GameTrailers gave the game the Best Overall Game of 2009 award and received from GameTrailers overall six awards . GameSpot and Metacritic , both gave it the Best Xbox 360 Game award , the Pakistani game reviewing site , PakGamers , has awarded Modern Warfare 2 with ' Best Xbox 360 Game of 2009 '. and from GameTrailers received the game the Best Multiplayer award including the Best First - Person Shooter award . Controversy ( edit ) Main article : Controversies surrounding Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 In `` No Russian '' , the player can shoot at a group of civilians at an airport . Various portions of the campaign have caused some controversy , including the depiction of a massacre carried out in a Russian airport , on the mission `` No Russian '' , the fourth mission in the game . Anders Behring Breivik claims in his manifesto that he used this video game to perpetrate the 2011 Norway attacks . Coop Norway , a chain of retail stores in Norway , removed the game from its shelves as a result of this attack . A YouTube user pointed out that two paintings in the multiplayer map Favela offended Muslims . Activision removed the controversial paintings and apologized for its offense to Muslims . The amended Favela map was added back into the Xbox 360 and PS3 versions of the game , however was permanently taken out of the PC version . Technical problems ( edit ) After the successful hack on the PlayStation 3 in January 2011 , some Modern Warfare 2 players on the PlayStation 3 have had their stats hacked or completely deleted . Infinity Ward replied that their advice was to play in private games , waiting for Sony to fix the problems on the platform side , saying that they could not patch the security problem themselves . Notes and references ( edit ) Notes Jump up ^ Following the invasion , Task Force 141 concludes that the ACS module had already been compromised before its retrieval . Jump up ^ In Modern Warfare 3 , it is revealed that Price was captured during `` Operation Kingfish '' in 2013 , a mission to kill or capture Makarov . References Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare -- MobyGames '' . MobyGames . November 16 , 2007 . Retrieved November 16 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : `` Modern Warfare 2 Coming November 10 , 2009 '' . Activision Publishing , Inc . March 26 , 2009 . Retrieved March 26 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Sinclair , Brendan ( September 16 , 2008 ) . `` Infinity Ward enlisted for Call of Duty 6 '' . GameSpot . Archived from the original on September 20 , 2011 . Retrieved December 3 , 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Ocampo , Jason ( February 11 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 This Holiday '' . IGN . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Onyett , Charles ( May 14 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Details Surface '' . IGN . Retrieved May 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare : Mobilized in Development for Nintendo DS '' . IGN . August 3 , 2009 . Retrieved August 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare Coming to Wii '' . IGN . August 5 , 2009 . Retrieved August 5 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : McElroy , Griffin ( August 17 , 2009 ) . `` Wildstorm publishing Modern Warfare 2 comic mini-series ( update ) '' . Joystiq . Retrieved August 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Yin - Poole , Wesley . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Remastered is real , does n't have multiplayer '' . Eurogamer . Retrieved 23 March 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Sources : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Remastered has no MP , not developed by Raven '' . CharlieIntel . Retrieved 23 March 2018 . Jump up ^ Tassi , Paul . `` The ' Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ' Remaster Is Rumored Not To Have Multiplayer '' . Forbes . Retrieved 23 March 2018 . Jump up ^ Newhouse , Alex . `` Call Of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Remaster On The Way , But Wo n't Have Multiplayer - Report '' . GameSpot . Retrieved 23 March 2018 . Jump up ^ Meer , Alec ( November 17 , 2009 ) . `` Wot I Think : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Rock , Paper , Shotgun . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Infinity Ward 2009 , p. 2 . Jump up ^ Infinity Ward 2009 , p. 5 . Jump up ^ Infinity Ward 2009 , p. 3 - 4 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 6 -- 7 . Jump up ^ Gerstmann , Jeff ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Review '' . Giant Bomb . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 8 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 9 . ^ Jump up to : Kelly , Kevin ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Review : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Joystiq . Retrieved August 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 5 . Jump up ^ Williams , G. Christopher ( November 18 , 2009 ) . `` Uniforms Are Relics '' . PopMatters . Retrieved August 11 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Infinity Ward 2009 , p. 3 -- 4 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 15 . ^ Jump up to : Bozon , Mark ( November 6 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 : Spec Ops Hands - On '' . IGN . Retrieved August 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 148 . Jump up ^ Bozon , Mark ( September 16 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Multiplayer Hands - On '' . IGN . Retrieved August 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 194 . ^ Jump up to : McWhertor , Michael ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Review : This Means War '' . Kotaku . Retrieved August 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 156 . Jump up ^ Molina , Brett ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Review : Believe the hype on ' Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ' '' . USA Today . Retrieved August 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Marcus & Sea Snipers 2009 , p. 193 . Jump up ^ Ocampo , Jason ( June 2 , 2009 ) . `` E3 2009 : Modern Warfare 2 Impressions '' . IGN . Retrieved June 2 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Frushtick , Russ ( August 17 , 2009 ) . `` ' Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ' Comic Book Series Coming From Wildstorm '' . MTV Multiplayer . Retrieved August 17 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Infinity Ward ( November 14 , 2009 ) . Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 . PlayStation 3 / Xbox 360 . Activision . Level / area : Second Sun . Jump up ^ `` Soap 's Journal '' . Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 's Hardened edition . Activision ( November 8 , 2011 ) . Jump up ^ Leahy , Brian ( December 3 , 2008 ) . `` Activision Announces New ' Call of Duty ' , ' Guitar Hero ' , and ' Tony Hawk ' Games '' . G4 . Retrieved December 3 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Yin - Poole , Wesley ( December 4 , 2008 ) . `` Activision : CoD Modern Warfare 2 reports ' speculative ' '' . Videogamer . Retrieved January 29 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Bowling , Robert ( January 11 , 2009 ) . `` Beware of fake `` COD5 '' Beta Invites `` . Infinity Ward . Archived from the original on January 23 , 2009 . Retrieved January 29 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Brudvig , Erik ( August 19 , 2009 ) . `` No Public Beta for Modern Warfare 2 '' . IGN . Retrieved August 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kuchera , Ben . `` PC Modern Warfare 2 : it 's much worse than you thought '' . Ars Technica . Retrieved November 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ FourZeroTwo ( October 20 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 For PC '' . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2009 . Retrieved October 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Salty , Sir ( October 20 , 2009 ) . `` Infinity Ward Responds To PC Fanboys ' Dedicated Server Woes -- News '' . GameInformer.com . Retrieved November 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Mike Snider ( November 3 , 2009 ) . `` ' Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ' benefits from ' NCIS ' writer '' . USA Today . Retrieved December 2 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Modern Warfare 2 writer : `` the airport level was a risk we had to take '' `` . GamePro.com . November 19 , 2009 . Archived from the original on November 22 , 2009 . Retrieved December 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Stead , Chris ( July 15 , 2009 ) . `` The 10 Best Game Engines of This Generation '' . IGN . Retrieved July 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ fourzertwo aka Robert Bowling ( August 20 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 : Texture Streaming '' . Archived from the original on September 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Thorsen , Tor ( May 12 , 2009 ) . `` First Modern Warfare 2 details emerge '' . GameSpot . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Retrieved May 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Totilo , Stephen ( July 16 , 2009 ) . `` Infinity Ward Talks Modern Warfare 2 , 43 Stories Up '' . Kotaku . Gawker Media . Retrieved July 16 , 2009 . ' We still call the game Modern Warfare 2 , ' Bowling told the room . ' For our community we 're making it clear that it 's the sequel to Modern Warfare . ' Jump up ^ Tor Thorsen ( August 20 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 casts Keith David , Kevin McKidd '' . Gamespot . Retrieved August 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Fourzertwo aka Robert Bowling ( August 21 , 2009 ) . `` Re : Modern Warfare 2 Voices Announced ( And Database ) '' . Infinity Ward . Archived from the original on September 7 , 2009 . Retrieved August 27 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` news '' . 07766575100.com . Archived from the original on October 10 , 2009 . Retrieved November 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Stirling , Jim ( August 8 , 2009 ) . `` 50 Cent to be appearing in Modern Warfare 2 '' . Destructoid . Retrieved August 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ 50 Cent ( July 7 , 2009 ) . `` 50 Cent Visits Infinity Ward '' . This Is 50 . Archived from the original on February 17 , 2012 . Retrieved August 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Composer Hans Zimmer game for Call of Duty Entertainment Music '' . Reuters . August 27 , 2009 . Retrieved November 27 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Game Credits for Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Moby Games . Retrieved September 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ( Original Game Score ) '' . iTunes U.S. Retrieved August 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 Teaser Trailer '' . Infinity Ward . March 25 , 2009 . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2009 . Retrieved March 25 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` PlayStation Store Update '' . PlayStation. Blog. April 2 , 2009 . Retrieved April 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Goldstein , Hillary ( May 10 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Gameplay Glimpsed '' . IGN . Retrieved May 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 Xbox 360 Trailer - Reveal 2 '' . Infinity Ward . May 24 , 2009 . Retrieved May 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 Multiplayer '' . IGN . July 27 , 2009 . Retrieved July 27 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` IGN Video : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Campaign Trailer '' . IGN . October 4 , 2009 . Retrieved October 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Nelson , Randy ( July 20 , 2009 ) . `` Infinity Ward helping design Modern Warfare 2 controller '' . Joystiq . Retrieved July 21 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Lowe , Scott ( August 11 , 2009 ) . `` Mad Catz Modern Warfare 2 Range Announced '' . IGN . Retrieved August 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Plunkett , Luke ( August 5 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 , Marvel Ultimate Alliance Breaking Pre-Order Records '' . Kotaku . Retrieved August 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Monster Energy Drink -- Unleash The Beast -- modern - warfare - 2 -- home '' . Monsterenergy.com . Archived from the original on October 3 , 2009 . Retrieved November 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 downloadable maps revealed '' . Inquisitr.com . October 1 , 2009 . Retrieved November 8 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Bowling , Robert ( July 9 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 boxes are ready '' . Retrieved July 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Leigh ( July 9 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Box Retains Call of Duty Brand '' . Gamasutra . Retrieved July 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Infinity Ward : Modern Warfare 3 not in development '' . VideoGamer.com . September 21 , 2009 . Retrieved October 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Reilly , Jim ( July 29 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 PC Not Getting Special Editions '' . IGN . Retrieved August 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 's ' Prestige Edition ' Is Insane '' . IGN . July 13 , 2009 . Retrieved July 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Night Vision Goggles Manual ( Booklet ) . p. 2 . Required 5 AA ( LR6 ) alkaline batteries . Jump up ^ Night Vision Goggles Manual ( Booklet ) . p. 2 . In this mode , the goggle operate at full power and emit a barely visible ring of red light . See up to 50 feet in absolute darkness . Jump up ^ `` Limited Edition Console for Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Microsoft . September 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on March 6 , 2010 . Retrieved October 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Veteran Edition Announced '' . Eurogamer . Retrieved September 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Search -- GameStop '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Williams , Katie ( May 20 , 2014 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 and 3 Now Available on Mac '' . IGN . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Reilly , Jim ( August 6 , 2009 ) . `` Map Packs Important for Modern Warfare 2 '' . IGN . Retrieved August 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kietzmann , Ludwig ( June 1 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 map packs hitting Xbox Live first '' . Joystiq . Retrieved August 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Reilly , Jim ( August 11 , 2009 ) . `` Community Will Shape Modern Warfare 2 Maps '' . IGN . Archived from the original on March 31 , 2012 . Retrieved August 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ MW2 Stimulus Package DLC Out March 30 Ripten Videogame Blog Jump up ^ Show # 353 : Wil Wheaton , MW2 Stimulus Package and Supreme Commander -- Xbox Live 's Major Nelson Archived March 16 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ January 20 , 2010 , Brian Warmoth . `` ' Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ' DLC Gets 30 - Day Head Start '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Archived April 12 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Reilly , Jim ( April 7 , 2010 ) . `` Stimulus Package Sets New Xbox Live Sales Record '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Bowling , Robert ( June 12 , 2010 ) . `` Resurgence Package for PS3 and PC release date announced '' . Twitter , Inc . Retrieved June 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ An Interview with Robert Bowling on the MW 2 Resurgence Package -- Xbox Live 's Major Nelson Archived May 15 , 2010 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Modern Warfare 2 ( October 23 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Ghost Comic Issue 1 Preview '' . Mw2blog.com . Archived from the original on November 26 , 2009 . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Joystiq : Find Makarov '' . May 25 , 2012 . Retrieved May 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 for Xbox 360 '' . GameRankings . Retrieved November 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 for PlayStation 3 '' . GameRankings . Retrieved November 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 for PC '' . GameRankings . Retrieved November 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ( Xbox 360 ) Reviews '' . MetaCritic . Retrieved October 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ( PlayStation 3 ) Reviews '' . MetaCritic . Retrieved October 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 ( PC ) Reviews '' . MetaCritic . Retrieved October 16 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Ellis , David ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Review ( PS3 , XBOX360 ) '' . 1up.com . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2013 . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Brown , Christopher ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 -- Overview '' . allgame . Retrieved January 1 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Jackson , Michael ' Mike ' ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Review '' . Computer and Video Games . Retrieved March 21 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Sterling , Jim ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Review : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Retrieved March 21 , 2011 . Jump up ^ McWhertor , Michael . `` Modern Warfare 2 Came * This * Close to a Perfect Famitsu Score '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Keil , Matt ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Review -- PS3 '' . G4TV . Retrieved March 21 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Biessener , Adam ( November 9 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Game Informer . Retrieved November 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kim , Tae K. ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Xbox 360 Review '' . GamerPro . p. 2 . Archived from the original on November 11 , 2009 . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Review for Xbox 360 '' . GameSpot . November 10 , 2009 . Retrieved November 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Tuttle , Will ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Xbox 360 Review '' . GameSpy . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 '' . GamesRadar . Retrieved March 21 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Video Game , Review HD '' . GameTrailers . November 10 , 2009 . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Bozon , Mark ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Xbox 360 Review '' . IGN . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Kelly , Kevin ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Review : Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Joystiq . Retrieved March 21 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Curthoys , Paul . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . Official Xbox Magazine . Archived from the original on November 24 , 2009 . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ King , Ryan ( November 10 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Xbox 360 Review '' . Official Xbox Magazine . Archived from the original on November 12 , 2009 . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Francis , Tom ( February 2010 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 PC Review '' . PC Gamer . Retrieved January 11 , 2009 . 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Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 '' . Game . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` GT GotY Awards 2009 '' . GameTrailers . December 31 , 2009 . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Best Xbox 360 Game 2009 '' . PakGamers . Archived from the original on August 17 , 2011 . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Genre Awards Best Shooter '' . GameSpot . CBS Interactive . Archived from the original on March 19 , 2013 . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Best of E3 2009 Awards Video Game , Best First - Person Shooter '' . GameTrailers . June 12 , 2009 . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Action Game of the Year '' . Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences . June 12 , 2009 . Retrieved March 20 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Cowen , Nick ( November 9 , 2009 ) . `` Telegraph Review '' . London : Telegraph.co.UK . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Biessener , Adam ( November 9 , 2009 ) . `` Multiplayer Reigns Supreme in Game of the Year Candidate -- Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 -- Xbox 360 '' . GameInformer.com . Retrieved November 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Eurogamer Review '' . Eurogamer . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Edge Online Review '' . Edge Online . Future US . Archived from the original on November 12 , 2009 . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` IGN UK Review '' . IGN UK . Retrieved November 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Magicbox Gaming News , December 30 , 2009 '' . Retrieved January 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Michael McWhertor ( December 1 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Came * This * Close to a Perfect Famitsu Score '' . Kotaku . Retrieved January 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Johnson , Robert ( November 13 , 2009 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 destroys records in first day sales rampage , pulls in $310 M '' . New York : Nydailynews.com . Retrieved November 27 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Cork , Jeff ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Sells Close To 5 Million in First Day '' . GameInformer . Retrieved November 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Orry , James ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 sells 4.7 million day one in U.S. and UK '' . Videogamer . Retrieved November 13 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Was Modern Warfare 2 Really The `` Biggest Launch in History '' ? -- Modern warfare 2 `` . Kotaku . November 13 , 2009 . Retrieved November 27 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Frum , Larry ( November 24 , 2009 ) . `` Hot video games for holiday shopping '' . CNN . Retrieved November 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` MW2 sales pass $550 m worldwide '' . MCV . November 18 , 2009 . Retrieved November 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Moder5 copies sold ! n Warfare 2 sales hit bn '' . BBC News . January 13 , 2010 . Retrieved April 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 's online army is the world 's biggest '' . VentureBeat . December 4 , 2009 . Retrieved December 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Modern Warfare 2 enlists 25 million unique players , Bowling says '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Sacco , Dominic ( June 15 , 2010 ) . `` E3 2010 : MW2 sells 20 million copies '' . Market for Home Computing and Video Games . Retrieved November 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Activision reveals sales figures for Black Op -- Shacknews.com -- Video Game News , Trailers , Game Videos , and Files '' . Shacknews.com . Retrieved December 7 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Stuart , Keith ( September 12 , 2011 ) . `` Modern Warfare 3 interview : ' The hardest part is the stress ' '' . theguardian.com . Guardian Media Group . Retrieved November 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty : A Short History '' . IGN . Ziff Davis . November 2013 . Retrieved November 4 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kohler , Chris ( December 10 , 2009 ) . `` November NPD : Modern Warfare Shifts 6 Million Copies '' . Wired . Retrieved December 10 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Magicbox Gaming News , December 11 , 2009 '' . January 10 , 2010 . Retrieved January 10 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Spencer ( December 16 , 2009 ) . `` Modern Warfare 2 Gets Off To Strong Start in Japan '' . Siliconera . Retrieved January 10 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Modern Warfare 2 the 2nd best - selling game in the US - VideoGamer.com '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Alexander , Leigh ( March 11 , 2010 ) . `` NPD : February Down 15 Percent On Lagging Unit Sales , Constrained Wii '' . Gamasutra . Jump up ^ Hargreaves , Roger ( June 29 , 2011 ) . `` Call of Duty : Black Ops becomes best - selling UK game ever as fourth map pack hinted Metro.co.uk '' . metro.co.uk . Archived from the original on July 3 , 2011 . Retrieved July 13 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Metro.co.uk , Joe Crowther for ( March 16 , 2010 ) . `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 is UK 's second bestselling game ever '' . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Overall Game of the Year 2009 -- Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 '' . GameSpy . IGN . Archived from the original on February 24 , 2011 . Retrieved March 21 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` GameTrailers Game of the Year Awards 2009 Video Game , Game of the Year Game Trailers & Videos '' . GameTrailers.com . Retrieved January 1 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Platform Awards Best Xbox 360 Game '' . GameSpot . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Dietz , Jason ( December 9 , 2009 ) . `` The Best Games of 2009 '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` PakGamers -- Top Xbox 360 Games of The Year 2009 '' . Archived from the original on August 17 , 2011 . Retrieved December 30 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` GameTrailers Game of the Year Awards 2009 Video Game , Best Multiplayer '' . GameTrailers . Viacom . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` GameTrailers Game of the Year Awards 2009 Video Game , Best First - Person Shooter '' . Viacom . GameTrailers . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Pint , Zach . `` Norway Retail Giant Dropping Many Titles / Toys in Response to Oslo Attacks '' . Archived from the original on March 24 , 2012 . Retrieved January 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Call of Duty map removed at request of Muslim gamers '' . GameSpot . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 14 . Jump up ^ `` Bowling : I - Ward will `` not rely solely on platform security '' after PS3 crack `` . VG247 . January 17 , 2011 . Retrieved January 20 , 2011 . `` updates to the game through patches will not resolve this problem , unless the security exploit itself is resolved on the platform , '' said Bowling. ( ... ) If you are concerned about playing with players who are hacking , I encourage you to play exclusively with friends by utilizing the party or private match options in Modern Warfare 2 and Call of Duty 4 to avoid such players as much as possible until this issue is resolved by Sony . Bibliography ( edit ) Infinity Ward ( 2009 ) . Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 instruction manual . Activision . Marcus , Phillip ; Sea Snipers ( 2009 ) . Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Signature Series Strategy Guide . BradyGames . ISBN 9780744011647 . External links ( edit ) Official website Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 on IMDb `` Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 Trailer '' . June 22 , 2009 -- via YouTube . Call of Duty Games World War II Call of Duty United Offensive Finest Hour Call of Duty 2 Big Red One Call of Duty 3 Roads to Victory World at War Nintendo DS version Final Fronts WWII Modern Warfare 4 : Modern Warfare Nintendo DS version Remastered Modern Warfare 2 Mobilized Controversies `` No Russian '' Modern Warfare 3 Downloadable content Defiance Black Ops World at War Zombies Black Ops Zombies Black Ops II Declassified Strike Team Black Ops III Black Ops 4 Other games Ghosts Advanced Warfare Heroes Infinite Warfare Media Modern Warfare 2 : Ghost Find Makarov : Operation Kingfish `` Not Ready to Die '' `` Nightmare '' `` Carry On '' `` Shepherd of Fire '' `` Survival '' Main developers Infinity Ward Sledgehammer Games Treyarch Raven Software Related articles Championship Elite Experience 2011 Experience 2016 Captain Price id Tech 3 IW engine Soap MacTavish World League Book Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_2&oldid=838834763 '' Categories : 2009 video games Activision games Call of Duty Cooperative video games First - person shooters First - person shooter multiplayer online games Futuristic shooting games Fictional wars Multiplayer online games MacOS games Obscenity controversies in video gaming PlayStation 3 games Square Enix games Video game sequels Video games developed in the United States Video games set in Afghanistan Video games set in Brazil Video games set in Karachi War in North - West Pakistan fiction Video games set in Kazakhstan Video games set in Russia Video games set in Virginia Video games set in Washington , D.C. 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did call of duty mw2 come out | ['Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. It was released worldwide on November 10, 2009 for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.[2] A version for OS X was developed by Aspyr and released on May 20, 2014. It is the sixth installment of the Call of Duty series[3] and the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, continuing the same storyline.[4][5] It was released in conjunction with two other Call of Duty games: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized for the Nintendo DS,[6] and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex, a port of Call of Duty 4 adapted by Treyarch for the Wii console.[7]'] | ['November 10, 2009'] | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. It was released worldwide on November 10, 2009 for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.[2] A version for OS X was developed by Aspyr and released on May 20, 2014. It is the sixth installment of the Call of Duty series[3] and the direct sequel to Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, continuing the same storyline.[4][5] It was released in conjunction with two other Call of Duty games: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized for the Nintendo DS,[6] and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex, a port of Call of Duty 4 adapted by Treyarch for the Wii console.[7] |
[question]: What is the name of the video game developer that created Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2?
[answer]: The developer of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is Infinity Ward. | What is the name of the video game developer that created Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2? | The developer of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 is Infinity Ward. | 1 | 7.33983 | 12 | 121 | 1 |
26,981 | -3,780,035,910,956,359,000 | RMS Titanic | RMS Titanic - wikipedia RMS Titanic Jump to : navigation , search `` Titanic '' redirects here . For the film by James Cameron , see Titanic ( 1997 film ) . For other uses , see Titanic ( disambiguation ) . RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912 History United Kingdom Name : RMS Titanic Owner : White Star Line Port of registry : Liverpool , UK Route : Southampton to New York City Ordered : 17 September 1908 Builder : Harland and Wolff , Belfast Cost : $7.5 million ( $300 million in 2017 ) Yard number : 401 Laid down : 31 March 1909 Launched : 31 May 1911 Completed : 2 April 1912 Maiden voyage : 10 April 1912 In service : 10 -- 15 April 1912 Identification : Radio call sign `` MGY '' Fate : Hit an iceberg 11 : 40 p.m. ( ship 's time ) 14 April 1912 on her maiden voyage and sank 2 h 40 min later Status : Wreck General characteristics Class and type : Olympic - class ocean liner Tonnage : 46,328 GRT Displacement : 52,310 tons Length : 882 ft 9 in ( 269.1 m ) Beam : 92 ft 6 in ( 28.2 m ) Height : 175 ft ( 53.3 m ) ( keel to top of funnels ) Draught : 34 ft 7 in ( 10.5 m ) Depth : 64 ft 6 in ( 19.7 m ) Decks : 9 ( A -- G ) Installed power : 24 double - ended and five single - ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers , and a low - pressure turbine for the centre propeller ; output : 46,000 HP Propulsion : Two three - blade wing propellers and one four - blade centre propeller Speed : Cruising : 21 kn ( 39 km / h ; 24 mph ) . Max : 24 kn ( 44 km / h ; 28 mph ) Capacity : Passengers : 2,435 , crew : 892 . Total : 3,327 ( or 3,547 according to other sources ) Notes : Lifeboats : 20 ( sufficient for 1,178 people ) RMS Titanic ( / taɪˈtænɪk / ) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912 , after it collided with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the ship , and more than 1,500 died , making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history . The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic - class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line . The Titanic was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast . Thomas Andrews , her architect , died in the disaster . Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith , who also went down with the ship . The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world , as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland , Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States . The first - class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury , with an on - board gymnasium , swimming pool , libraries , high - class restaurants and opulent cabins . A high - powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger `` marconigrams '' and for the ship 's operational use . Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors , there were not enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard , due to outdated maritime safety regulations . Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people -- slightly more than half of the number on board , and one third of her total capacity . After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912 , Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown ( now Cobh ) in Ireland before heading west to New York . On 14 April , four days into the crossing and about 375 miles ( 600 km ) south of Newfoundland , she hit an iceberg at 11 : 40 p.m. ship 's time . The collision caused the ship 's hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard ( right ) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea ; she could only survive four flooding . Meanwhile , passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats , many of which were launched only partially loaded . A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a `` women and children first '' protocol for loading lifeboats . At 2 : 20 a.m. , she broke apart and foundered -- with well over one thousand people still aboard . Just under two hours after the Titanic sank , the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived at the scene , where she brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors . The disaster was met with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that had led to it . Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety . One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) , which still governs maritime safety today . Additionally , several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications -- which could have saved many more passengers . The wreck of Titanic was first discovered in 1985 ( more than 70 years after the disaster ) , and the vessel remains on the seabed . The ship was split in two and is gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet ( 3,784 m ) . Since her discovery in 1985 , thousands of artefacts have been recovered and put on display at museums around the world . Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history ; her memory is kept alive by numerous works of popular culture , including books , folk songs , films , exhibits , and memorials . Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world , only beaten by her sister HMHS Britannic , the largest ever sunk . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Dimensions and layout 3 Features 3.1 Power 3.2 Technology 3.2. 1 Watertight compartments and funnels 3.2. 2 Rudder and steering engines 3.2. 3 Water , ventilation and heating 3.2. 4 Radio communications 3.3 Passenger facilities 3.4 Mail and cargo 3.5 Lifeboats 4 Building and preparing the ship 4.1 Construction , launch and fitting - out 4.2 Sea trials 5 Maiden voyage 5.1 Crew 5.2 Passengers 5.3 Collecting passengers 5.4 Atlantic crossing 5.5 Sinking 6 Aftermath of sinking 6.1 Arrival of Carpathia in New York 6.2 Insurance and aid for survivors 6.3 Investigations into the disaster 6.3. 1 Role of the SS Californian 6.4 Survivors and victims 6.5 Retrieval and burial of the dead 7 Wreck 8 Legacy 8.1 Safety 8.2 Cultural 9 Appendix 10 Titanic replicas 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 Bibliography 15 External links Background The name Titanic was derived from Greek mythology and meant gigantic . Built in Belfast , Ireland , in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( as it was then known ) , the RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic - class ocean liners -- the first was the RMS Olympic and the third was the HMHS Britannic . They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line 's fleet , which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912 . The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line 's chairman , J. Bruce Ismay , and the American financier J.P. Morgan , who controlled the White Star Line 's parent corporation , the International Mercantile Marine Co . ( IMM ) . The White Star Line faced an increasing challenge from its main rivals Cunard , which had recently launched the Lusitania and the Mauretania -- the fastest passenger ships then in service -- and the German lines Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd . Ismay preferred to compete on size rather than speed and proposed to commission a new class of liners that would be larger than anything that had gone before as well as being the last word in comfort and luxury . The company sought an upgrade in their fleet primarily in response to the Cunard giants but also to replace their oldest pair of passenger ships still in service , being the SS Teutonic of 1889 and SS Majestic of 1890 . Teutonic was replaced by Olympic while Majestic was replaced by Titanic . Majestic would be brought back into her old spot on White Star 's New York service after Titanic 's loss . The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff , who had a long - established relationship with the White Star Line dating back to 1867 . Harland and Wolff were given a great deal of latitude in designing ships for the White Star Line ; the usual approach was for the latter to sketch out a general concept which the former would take away and turn into a ship design . Cost considerations were relatively low on the agenda and Harland and Wolff was authorised to spend what it needed on the ships , plus a five percent profit margin . In the case of the Olympic - class ships , a cost of £ 3 million ( £ 250 million in 2015 money ) for the first two ships was agreed plus `` extras to contract '' and the usual five percent fee . Harland and Wolff put their leading designers to work designing the Olympic - class vessels . The design was overseen by Lord Pirrie , a director of both Harland and Wolff and the White Star Line ; naval architect Thomas Andrews , the managing director of Harland and Wolff 's design department ; Edward Wilding , Andrews ' deputy and responsible for calculating the ship 's design , stability and trim ; and Alexander Carlisle , the shipyard 's chief draughtsman and general manager . Carlisle 's responsibilities included the decorations , equipment and all general arrangements , including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design . On 29 July 1908 , Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives . Ismay approved the design and signed three `` letters of agreement '' two days later , authorising the start of construction . At this point the first ship -- which was later to become Olympic -- had no name , but was referred to simply as `` Number 400 '' , as it was Harland and Wolff 's four hundredth hull . Titanic was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401 . Dimensions and layout Titanic in 1912 Titanic was 882 feet 9 inches ( 269.06 m ) long with a maximum breadth of 92 feet 6 inches ( 28.19 m ) . Her total height , measured from the base of the keel to the top of the bridge , was 104 feet ( 32 m ) . She measured 46,328 gross register tons and with a draught of 34 feet 7 inches ( 10.54 m ) , she displaced 52,310 tons . All three of the Olympic - class ships had ten decks ( excluding the top of the officers ' quarters ) , eight of which were for passenger use . From top to bottom , the decks were : The Boat Deck , on which the lifeboats were housed . It was from here during the early hours of 15 April 1912 that Titanic 's lifeboats were lowered into the North Atlantic . The bridge and wheelhouse were at the forward end , in front of the captain 's and officers ' quarters . The bridge stood 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) above the deck , extending out to either side so that the ship could be controlled while docking . The wheelhouse stood directly behind and above the bridge . The entrance to the First Class Grand Staircase and gymnasium were located midships along with the raised roof of the First Class lounge , while at the rear of the deck were the roof of the First Class smoke room and the relatively modest Second Class entrance . The wood - covered deck was divided into four segregated promenades : for officers , First Class passengers , engineers , and Second Class passengers respectively . Lifeboats lined the side of the deck except in the First Class area , where there was a gap so that the view would not be spoiled . A Deck , also called the Promenade Deck , extended along the entire 546 feet ( 166 m ) length of the superstructure . It was reserved exclusively for First Class passengers and contained First Class cabins , the First Class lounge , smoke room , reading and writing rooms and Palm Court . B Deck , the Bridge Deck , was the top weight - bearing deck and the uppermost level of the hull . More First Class passenger accommodations were located here with six palatial staterooms ( cabins ) featuring their own private promenades . On Titanic , the À La Carte Restaurant and the Café Parisien provided luxury dining facilities to First Class passengers . Both were run by subcontracted chefs and their staff ; all were lost in the disaster . The Second Class smoking room and entrance hall were both located on this deck . The raised forecastle of the ship was forward of the Bridge Deck , accommodating Number 1 hatch ( the main hatch through to the cargo holds ) , numerous pieces of machinery and the anchor housings . Aft of the Bridge Deck was the raised Poop Deck , 106 feet ( 32 m ) long , used as a promenade by Third Class passengers . It was where many of Titanic 's passengers and crew made their last stand as the ship sank . The forecastle and Poop Deck were separated from the Bridge Deck by well decks . C Deck , the Shelter Deck , was the highest deck to run uninterrupted from stem to stern . It included both well decks ; the aft one served as part of the Third Class promenade . Crew cabins were housed below the forecastle and Third Class public rooms were housed below the Poop Deck . In between were the majority of First Class cabins and the Second Class library . D Deck , the Saloon Deck , was dominated by three large public rooms -- the First Class Reception Room , the First Class Dining Saloon and the Second Class Dining Saloon . An open space was provided for Third Class passengers . First , Second and Third Class passengers had cabins on this deck , with berths for firemen located in the bow . It was the highest level reached by the ship 's watertight bulkheads ( though only by eight of the fifteen bulkheads ) . E Deck , the Upper Deck , was predominantly used for passenger accommodation for all three classes plus berths for cooks , seamen , stewards and trimmers . Along its length ran a long passageway nicknamed Scotland Road , in reference to a famous street in Liverpool . Scotland Road was used by Third Class passengers and crew members . F Deck , the Middle Deck , was the last complete deck and mainly accommodated Second and Third Class passengers and several departments of the crew . The Third Class dining saloon was located here , as were the swimming pool and Turkish bath . G Deck , the Lower Deck , was the lowest complete deck that carried passengers , and had the lowest portholes , just above the waterline . The squash court was located here along with the traveling post office where letters and parcels were sorted ready for delivery when the ship docked . Food was also stored here . The deck was interrupted at several points by orlop ( partial ) decks over the boiler , engine and turbine rooms . The Orlop Decks and the Tank Top below that were on the lowest level of the ship , below the waterline . The orlop decks were used as cargo spaces , while the Tank Top -- the inner bottom of the ship 's hull -- provided the platform on which the ship 's boilers , engines , turbines and electrical generators were housed . This area of the ship was occupied by the engine and boiler rooms , areas which passengers would have been prohibited from seeing . They were connected with higher levels of the ship by flights of stairs ; twin spiral stairways near the bow provided access up to D Deck . Features Power Rudder with central and port wing propellers for scale note the man at bottom of the photo Titanic was equipped with three main engines -- two reciprocating four - cylinder , triple - expansion steam engines and one centrally placed low - pressure Parsons turbine -- each driving a propeller . The two reciprocating engines had a combined output of 30,000 hp and a further 16,000 hp was contributed by the turbine . The White Star Line had used the same combination of engines on an earlier liner , the SS Laurentic , where it had been a great success . It provided a good combination of performance and speed ; reciprocating engines by themselves were not powerful enough to propel an Olympic - class liner at the desired speeds , while turbines were sufficiently powerful but caused uncomfortable vibrations , a problem that affected the all - turbine Cunard liners Lusitania and Mauretania . By combining reciprocating engines with a turbine , fuel usage could be reduced and motive power increased , while using the same amount of steam . The two reciprocating engines were each 63 feet ( 19 m ) long and weighed 720 tons , with their bedplates contributing a further 195 tons . They were powered by steam produced in 29 boilers , 24 of which were double - ended and five single - ended , which contained a total of 159 furnaces . The boilers were 15 feet 9 inches ( 4.80 m ) in diameter and 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) long , each weighing 91.5 tons and capable of holding 48.5 tons of water . They were heated by burning coal , 6,611 tons of which could be carried in Titanic 's bunkers , with a further 1,092 tons in Hold 3 . The furnaces required over 600 tons of coal a day to be shovelled into them by hand , requiring the services of 176 firemen working around the clock . 100 tons of ash a day had to be disposed of by ejecting it into the sea . The work was relentless , dirty and dangerous , and although firemen were paid relatively generously there was a high suicide rate among those who worked in that capacity . Exhaust steam leaving the reciprocating engines was fed into the turbine , which was situated aft . From there it passed into a surface condenser , to increase the efficiency of the turbine and so that the steam could be condensed back into water and reused . The engines were attached directly to long shafts which drove the propellers . There were three , one for each engine ; the outer ( or wing ) propellers were the largest , each carrying three blades of manganese - bronze alloy with a total diameter of 23.5 feet ( 7.2 m ) . The middle propeller was slightly smaller at 17 feet ( 5.2 m ) in diameter , and could be stopped but not reversed . Titanic 's electrical plant was capable of producing more power than an average city power station of the time . Immediately aft of the turbine engine were four 400 kW steam - driven electric generators , used to provide electrical power to the ship , plus two 30 kW auxiliary generators for emergency use . Their location in the stern of the ship meant they remained operational until the last few minutes before the ship sank . Technology Watertight compartments and funnels The interiors of the Olympic - class ships were subdivided into 16 primary compartments divided by 15 bulkheads which extended well above the waterline . Eleven vertically closing watertight doors could seal off the compartments in the event of an emergency . The ship 's exposed decking was made of pine and teak , while interior ceilings were covered in painted granulated cork to combat condensation . Standing above the decks were four funnels , each painted buff with black tops , ( though only three were functional -- the last one was a dummy , installed for aesthetic purposes and also for kitchen ventilation ) -- and two masts , each 155 feet ( 47 m ) high , which supported derricks for working cargo . Rudder and steering engines Titanic 's rudder was so large -- at 78 feet 8 inches ( 23.98 m ) high and 15 feet 3 inches ( 4.65 m ) long , weighing over 100 tons -- that it required steering engines to move it . Two steam - powered steering engines were installed though only one was used at any one time , with the other one kept in reserve . They were connected to the short tiller through stiff springs , to isolate the steering engines from any shocks in heavy seas or during fast changes of direction . As a last resort , the tiller could be moved by ropes connected to two steam capstans . The capstans were also used to raise and lower the ship 's five anchors ( one port , one starboard , one in the centreline and two kedging anchors ) . Water , ventilation and heating The ship was equipped with her own waterworks , capable of heating and pumping water to all parts of the vessel via a complex network of pipes and valves . The main water supply was taken aboard while Titanic was in port , but in an emergency the ship could also distil fresh water from seawater , though this was not a straightforward process as the distillation plant quickly became clogged by salt deposits . A network of insulated ducts conveyed warm air , driven by electric fans , around the ship , and First Class cabins were fitted with additional electric heaters . Radio communications Marconi company receiving equipment for a 5 kilowatt ocean liner station . Titanic 's radiotelegraph equipment ( then known as wireless telegraphy ) was leased to the White Star Line by the Marconi International Marine Communication Company , which also supplied two of its employees , Jack Phillips and Harold Bride , as operators . The service maintained a 24 - hour schedule , primarily sending and receiving passenger telegrams , but also handling navigation messages including weather reports and ice warnings . The radio room was located on the Boat Deck , in the officers ' quarters . A soundproofed `` Silent Room '' , next to the operating room , housed loud equipment , including the transmitter and a motor - generator used for producing alternating currents . The operators ' living quarters were adjacent to the working office . The ship was equipped with a ' state of the art ' 5 kilowatt rotary spark - gap transmitter , operating under the radio callsign MGY , and communication was conducted in Morse code . This transmitter was one of the first Marconi installations to use a rotary spark gap , which gave Titanic a distinctive musical tone that could be readily distinguished from other signals . The transmitter was one of the most powerful in the world , and guaranteed to broadcast over a radius of 350 miles ( 563 km ) . An elevated T - antenna that spanned the length of the ship was used for transmitting and receiving . The normal operating frequency was 500 kHz ( 600 m wavelength ) , however the equipment could also operate on the `` short '' wavelength of 1000 kHz ( 300 m wavelength ) that was employed by smaller vessels with shorter antennas . Passenger facilities This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Further information : First class facilities of the RMS Titanic and Second and Third - Class Facilities on the RMS Titanic The passenger facilities aboard Titanic aimed to meet the highest standards of luxury . According to Titanic 's general arrangement plans , the ship could accommodate 833 First Class Passengers , 614 in Second Class and 1,006 in Third Class , for a total passenger capacity of 2,453 . In addition , her capacity for crew members exceeded 900 , as most documents of her original configuration have stated that her full carrying capacity for both passengers and crew was approximately 3,547 . Her interior design was a departure from that of other passenger liners , which had typically been decorated in the rather heavy style of a manor house or an English country house . Titanic was laid out in a much lighter style similar to that of contemporary high - class hotels -- the Ritz Hotel was a reference point -- with First Class cabins finished in the Empire style . A variety of other decorative styles , ranging from the Renaissance to Louis XV , were used to decorate cabins and public rooms in First and Second Class areas of the ship . The aim was to convey an impression that the passengers were in a floating hotel rather than a ship ; as one passenger recalled , on entering the ship 's interior a passenger would `` at once lose the feeling that we are on board ship , and seem instead to be entering the hall of some great house on shore '' . Among the more novel features available to first - class passengers was a 7 ft. deep saltwater swimming pool , a gymnasium , a squash court , and a Turkish bath which comprised electric bath , steam room , cool room , massage room , and hot room . First - class common rooms were impressive in scope and lavishly decorated . They included a Lounge in the style of the Palace of Versailles , an enormous Reception Room , a men 's Smoking Room , and a Reading and Writing Room . There was an À la Carte Restaurant in the style of the Ritz Hotel which was run as a concession by the famous Italian restaurateur Gaspare Gatti . A Café Parisien decorated in the style of a French sidewalk café , complete with ivy covered trellises and wicker furniture , was run as an annex to the restaurant . For an extra cost , first - class passengers could enjoy the finest French haute cuisine in the most luxurious of surroundings . There was also a Verandah Café where tea and light refreshments were served , that offered grand views of the ocean . At 114 ft. long X 92 ft. wide , the Dining Saloon on D - Deck was the largest room afloat and could seat almost 600 passengers at a time . Third Class ( commonly referred to as Steerage ) accommodations aboard Titanic were not as luxurious as First or Second Class , but even so were better than on many other ships of the time . They reflected the improved standards which the White Star Line had adopted for trans - Atlantic immigrant and lower - class travel . On most other North Atlantic passenger ships at the time , Third Class accommodations consisted of little more than open dormitories in the forward end of the vessels , in which hundreds of people were confined , often without adequate food or toilet facilities . The White Star Line had long since broken that mould . As seen aboard Titanic , all White Star Line passenger ships divided their Third Class accommodations into two sections , always at opposite ends of the vessel from one another . The established arrangement was that single men were quartered in the forward areas , while single women , married couples and families were quartered aft . In addition , while other ships provided only open berth sleeping arrangements , White Star Line vessels provided their Third Class passengers with private , small but comfortable cabins capable of accommodating two , four , six , eight and 10 passengers . Third Class accommodations also included their own dining rooms , as well as public gathering areas including adequate open deck space , which aboard Titanic comprised the Poop Deck at the stern , the forward and aft well decks , and a large open space on D Deck which could be used as a social hall . This was supplemented by the addition of a smoking room for men and a General Room on C Deck which women could use for reading and writing . Although they were not as glamorous in design as spaces seen in upper class accommodations , they were still far above average for the period . Leisure facilities were provided for all three classes to pass the time . As well as making use of the indoor amenities such as the library , smoking rooms , and gymnasium , it was also customary for passengers to socialise on the open deck , promenading or relaxing in hired deck chairs or wooden benches . A passenger list was published before the sailing to inform the public which members of the great and good were on board , and it was not uncommon for ambitious mothers to use the list to identify rich bachelors to whom they could introduce their marriageable daughters during the voyage . One of Titanic 's most distinctive features was her First Class staircase , known as the Grand Staircase or Grand Stairway . Built of solid English oak with a sweeping curve , the staircase descended through seven decks of the ship , between the Boat Deck to E deck , before terminating in a simplified single flight on F Deck . It was capped with a dome of wrought iron and glass that admitted natural light to the stairwell . Each landing off the staircase gave access to ornate entrance halls paneled in the William & Mary style and lit by ormolu and crystal light fixtures . At the uppermost landing was a large carved wooden panel containing a clock , with figures of `` Honour and Glory Crowning Time '' flanking the clock face . The Grand Staircase was destroyed during the sinking and is now just a void in the ship which modern explorers have used to access the lower decks . During the filming of James Cameron 's Titanic in 1997 , his replica of the Grand Staircase was ripped from its foundations by the force of the inrushing water on the set . It has been suggested that during the real event , the entire Grand Staircase was ejected upwards through the dome . The gymnasium on the Boat Deck , which was equipped with the latest exercise machines The famous Grand Staircase , which connected Boat Deck and E Deck Swimming Pool on the Titanic Mail and cargo La Circassienne au Bain ; the most highly valued item of cargo lost on the Titanic . Although Titanic was primarily a passenger liner , she also carried a substantial amount of cargo . Her designation as a Royal Mail Ship ( RMS ) indicated that she carried mail under contract with the Royal Mail ( and also for the United States Post Office Department ) . For the storage of letters , parcels and specie ( bullion , coins and other valuables ) 26,800 cubic feet ( 760 m ) of space in her holds was allocated . The Sea Post Office on G Deck was manned by five postal clerks ; three Americans and two Britons , who worked 13 hours a day , seven days a week sorting up to 60,000 items daily . The ship 's passengers brought with them a huge amount of baggage ; another 19,455 cubic feet ( 550.9 m ) was taken up by first - and second - class baggage . In addition , there was a considerable quantity of regular cargo , ranging from furniture to foodstuffs and even motor cars . Despite later myths , the cargo on Titanic 's maiden voyage was fairly mundane ; there was no gold , exotic minerals or diamonds , and one of the more famous items lost in the shipwreck , a jewelled copy of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam , was valued at only £ 405 ( £ 36,200 today ) . According to the claims for compensation filed with Commissioner Gilchrist , following the conclusion of the Senate Inquiry , the single most highly valued item of luggage or cargo was a large neoclassical oil painting entitled La Circassienne au Bain by French artist Merry - Joseph Blondel . The painting 's owner , first class passenger Mauritz Håkan Björnström - Steffansson , filed a claim for $100,000 ( $2.4 million equivalent in 2014 ) in compensation for the loss of the artwork . Titanic was equipped with eight electric cranes , four electric winches and three steam winches to lift cargo and baggage in and out of the hold . It is estimated that the ship used some 415 tons of coal whilst in Southampton , simply generating steam to operate the cargo winches and provide heat and light . Lifeboats Main article : Lifeboats of the RMS Titanic A collapsible lifeboat with canvas sides Titanic carried a total of 20 lifeboats : 14 standard wooden Harland and Wolff lifeboats with a capacity of 65 people each and four Englehardt `` collapsible '' ( wooden bottom , collapsible canvas sides ) lifeboats ( identified as A to D ) with a capacity of 47 people each . In addition , she had two emergency cutters with a capacity of 40 people each . Olympic herself did not even carry the four collapsibles A -- D during the 1911 -- 12 season . All of the lifeboats were stowed securely on the boat deck and , except for collapsible lifeboats A and B , connected to davits by ropes . Those on the starboard side were odd - numbered 1 -- 15 from bow to stern , while those on the port side were even - numbered 2 -- 16 from bow to stern . Both cutters were kept swung out , hanging from the davits , ready for immediate use , while collapsible lifeboats C and D were stowed on the boat deck ( connected to davits ) immediately inboard of boats 1 and 2 respectively . A and B were stored on the roof of the officers ' quarters , on either side of number 1 funnel . There were no davits to lower them and their weight would make them difficult to launch by hand . Each boat carried ( among other things ) food , water , blankets , and a spare life belt . Lifeline ropes on the boats ' sides enabled them to save additional people from the water if necessary . Titanic had 16 sets of davits , each able to handle four lifeboats . This gave Titanic the ability to carry up to 64 wooden lifeboats which would have been enough for 4,000 people -- considerably more than her actual capacity . However , the White Star Line decided that only 16 wooden lifeboats and four collapsibles would be carried , which could accommodate 1,178 people , only one - third of Titanic 's total capacity . At the time , the Board of Trade 's regulations required British vessels over 10,000 tons to only carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 990 occupants . Therefore , the White Star Line actually provided more lifeboat accommodation than was legally required . At the time , lifeboats were intended to ferry survivors from a sinking ship to a rescuing ship -- not keep afloat the whole population or power them to shore . Had the SS Californian responded to Titanic 's distress calls , the lifeboats may have been adequate to ferry the passengers to safety as planned . Building and preparing the ship Construction , launch and fitting - out Play media Titanic Disaster -- Genuine Footage ( 1911 -- 1912 ) The sheer size of Titanic and her sister ships posed a major engineering challenge for Harland and Wolff ; no shipbuilder had ever before attempted to construct vessels this size . The ships were constructed on Queen 's Island , now known as the Titanic Quarter , in Belfast Harbour . Harland and Wolff had to demolish three existing slipways and build two new ones , the largest ever constructed up to that time , to accommodate both ships . Their construction was facilitated by an enormous gantry built by Sir William Arrol & Co. , a Scottish firm responsible for the building of the Forth Bridge and London 's Tower Bridge . The Arrol Gantry stood 228 feet ( 69 m ) high , was 270 feet ( 82 m ) wide and 840 feet ( 260 m ) long , and weighed more than 6,000 tons . It accommodated a number of mobile cranes . A separate floating crane , capable of lifting 200 tons , was brought in from Germany . The construction of Olympic and Titanic took place virtually in parallel , with Olympic 's keel laid down first on 16 December 1908 and Titanic 's on 31 March 1909 . Both ships took about 26 months to build and followed much the same construction process . They were designed essentially as an enormous floating box girder , with the keel acting as a backbone and the frames of the hull forming the ribs . At the base of the ships , a double bottom 5 feet 3 inches ( 1.60 m ) deep supported 300 frames , each between 24 inches ( 61 cm ) and 36 inches ( 91 cm ) apart and measuring up to about 66 feet ( 20 m ) long . They terminated at the bridge deck ( B Deck ) and were covered with steel plates which formed the outer skin of the ships . The 2,000 hull plates were single pieces of rolled steel plate , mostly up to 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) wide and 30 feet ( 9.1 m ) long and weighing between 2.5 and 3 tons . Their thickness varied from 1 inch ( 2.5 cm ) to 1.5 inches ( 3.8 cm ) . The plates were laid in a clinkered ( overlapping ) fashion from the keel to the bilge . Above that point they were laid in the `` in and out '' fashion , where strake plating was applied in bands ( the `` in strakes '' ) with the gaps covered by the `` out strakes '' , overlapping on the edges . Commercial oxy - fuel and electric arc welding methods , ubiquitous in fabrication today , were still in their infancy ; like most other iron and steel structures of the era , the hull was held together with over three million iron and steel rivets , which by themselves weighed over 1,200 tons . They were fitted using hydraulic machines or were hammered in by hand . In the 1990s some material scientists concluded that the steel plate used for the ship was subject to being especially brittle when cold , and that this brittleness exacerbated the impact damage and hastened the sinking . It is believed that , by the standards of the time , the steel plate 's quality was good , not faulty , but that it was inferior to what would be used for shipbuilding purposes in later decades , owing to advances in the metallurgy of steelmaking . As for the rivets , considerable emphasis has also been placed on their quality and strength . One of the last items to be fitted on Titanic before the ship 's launch was her two side anchors and one centre anchor . The anchors themselves were a challenge to make with the centre anchor being the largest ever forged by hand and weighing nearly 16 tons . Twenty Clydesdale draught horses were needed to haul the centre anchor by wagon from the Noah Hingley & Sons Ltd forge shop in Netherton , near Dudley , United Kingdom to the Dudley railway station two miles away . From there it was shipped by rail to Fleetwood in Lancashire before being loaded aboard a ship and sent to Belfast . The work of constructing the ships was difficult and dangerous . For the 15,000 men who worked at Harland and Wolff at the time , safety precautions were rudimentary at best ; a lot of the work was dangerous and was carried out without any safety equipment like hard hats or hand guards on machinery . As a result , deaths and injuries were to be expected . During Titanic 's construction , 246 injuries were recorded , 28 of them `` severe '' , such as arms severed by machines or legs crushed under falling pieces of steel . Six people died on the ship herself while she was being constructed and fitted out , and another two died in the shipyard workshops and sheds . Just before the launch a worker was killed when a piece of wood fell on him . Titanic was launched at 12 : 15 p.m. on 31 May 1911 in the presence of Lord Pirrie , J. Pierpoint Morgan , J. Bruce Ismay and 100,000 onlookers. 22 tons of soap and tallow were spread on the slipway to lubricate the ship 's passage into the River Lagan . In keeping with the White Star Line 's traditional policy , the ship was not formally named or christened with champagne . The ship was towed to a fitting - out berth where , over the course of the next year , her engines , funnels and superstructure were installed and her interior was fitted out . Although Titanic was virtually identical to the class 's lead ship Olympic , a few changes were made to distinguish both ships . The most noticeable of these was that Titanic ( and the third vessel in class , Britannic ) had a steel screen with sliding windows installed along the forward half of the A Deck promenade . This was installed as a last minute change at the personal request of Bruce Ismay , and was intended to provide additional shelter to first class passengers . These changes made Titanic slightly heavier than her sister , and thus she could claim to be the largest ship afloat . The work took longer than expected due to design changes requested by Ismay and a temporary pause in work occasioned by the need to repair Olympic , which had been in a collision in September 1911 . Had Titanic been finished earlier , she might well have missed her collision with an iceberg . Construction in gantry , 1909 -- 11 Launch , 1911 ( unfinished superstructure ) Fitting - out , 1911 -- 12 Sea trials RMS Titanic leaving Belfast for her sea trials on 2 April 1912 Titanic 's sea trials began at 6 a.m. on Tuesday , 2 April 1912 , just two days after her fitting out was finished and eight days before she was due to leave Southampton on her maiden voyage . The trials were delayed for a day due to bad weather , but by Monday morning it was clear and fair . Aboard were 78 stokers , greasers and firemen , and 41 members of crew . No domestic staff appear to have been aboard . Representatives of various companies travelled on Titanic 's sea trials , Thomas Andrews and Edward Wilding of Harland and Wolff and Harold A. Sanderson of IMM . Bruce Ismay and Lord Pirrie were too ill to attend . Jack Phillips and Harold Bride served as radio operators , and performed fine - tuning of the Marconi equipment . Francis Carruthers , a surveyor from the Board of Trade , was also present to see that everything worked , and that the ship was fit to carry passengers . The sea trials consisted of a number of tests of her handling characteristics , carried out first in Belfast Lough and then in the open waters of the Irish Sea . Over the course of about 12 hours , Titanic was driven at different speeds , the turning ability was tested and a `` crash stop '' was performed in which the engines were reversed full ahead to full astern , bringing her to a stop in 850 yd ( 777 m ) or 3 minutes and 15 seconds . The ship covered a distance of about 80 nautical miles ( 92 mi ; 150 km ) , averaging 18 knots ( 21 mph ; 33 km / h ) and reaching a maximum speed of just under 21 knots ( 24 mph ; 39 km / h ) . On returning to Belfast at about 7 p.m. , the surveyor signed an `` Agreement and Account of Voyages and Crew '' , valid for 12 months , which declared the ship seaworthy . An hour later , Titanic departed Belfast to head to Southampton , a voyage of about 570 nautical miles ( 660 mi ; 1,060 km ) . After a journey lasting about 28 hours and arrived about midnight on 4 April and was towed to the port 's Berth 44 , ready for the arrival of her passengers and the remainder of her crew . Maiden voyage Both Olympic and Titanic registered Liverpool as their home port . The offices of the White Star Line as well as Cunard were in Liverpool , and up until the introduction of the Olympic , most British ocean liners for both Cunard and White Star , such as Lusitania and Mauretania , sailed out of Liverpool followed by a port of call in Queenstown , Ireland . Since the company 's founding in 1871 , a vast majority of their operations had taken place out of Liverpool . However , in 1907 White Star established another service out of the port of Southampton on England 's south coast , which became known as White Star 's `` Express Service '' . Southampton had many advantages over Liverpool , the first being its proximity to London . In addition , Southampton , being on the south coast , allowed ships to easily cross the English Channel and make a port of call on the northern coast of France , usually at Cherbourg . This allowed British ships to pick up clientele from continental Europe before recrossing the channel and picking up passengers at Queenstown . The Southampton - Cherbourg - New York run would become so popular that most British ocean liners began using the port after World War I. Out of respect for Liverpool , ships continued to be registered there until the early 1960s . Queen Elizabeth 2 was one of the first ships registered in Southampton when introduced into service by Cunard in 1969 . Titanic 's maiden voyage was intended to be the first of many trans - Atlantic crossings between Southampton and New York via Cherbourg and Queenstown on westbound runs , returning via Plymouth in England while eastbound . Indeed , her entire schedule of voyages through to December 1912 still exists . When the route was established , four ships were assigned to the service . In addition to Teutonic and Majestic , the RMS Oceanic and the brand new RMS Adriatic sailed the route . When the Olympic entered service in June 1911 , she replaced Teutonic , which after completing her last run on the service in late April was transferred to the Dominion Line 's Canadian service . The following August , Adriatic was transferred to White Star 's main Liverpool - New York service , and in November , Majestic was withdrawn from service impending the arrival of Titanic in the coming months , and was mothballed as a reserve ship . White Star 's initial plans for Olympic and Titanic on the Southampton run followed the same routine as their predecessors had done before them . Each would sail once every three weeks from Southampton and New York , usually leaving at noon each Wednesday from Southampton and each Saturday from New York , thus enabling the White Star Line to offer weekly sailings in each direction . Special trains were scheduled from London and Paris to convey passengers to Southampton and Cherbourg respectively . The deep - water dock at Southampton , then known as the `` White Star Dock '' , had been specially constructed to accommodate the new Olympic - class liners , and had opened in 1911 . Edward Smith , captain of Titanic , in 1911 Titanic at Southampton docks , prior to departure Display ad for Titanic 's first but never made sailing from New York on 20 April 1912 Crew Main article : Crew of the RMS Titanic Titanic had around 885 crew members on board for her maiden voyage . Like other vessels of her time , she did not have a permanent crew , and the vast majority of crew members were casual workers who only came aboard the ship a few hours before she sailed from Southampton . The process of signing up recruits had begun on 23 March and some had been sent to Belfast , where they served as a skeleton crew during Titanic 's sea trials and passage to England at the start of April . Captain Edward John Smith , the most senior of the White Star Line 's captains , was transferred from Olympic to take command of Titanic . Henry Tingle Wilde also came across from Olympic to take the post of Chief Mate . Titanic 's previously designated Chief Mate and First Officer , William McMaster Murdoch and Charles Lightoller , were bumped down to the ranks of First and Second Officer respectively . The original Second Officer , David Blair , was dropped altogether . The Third Officer was Herbert Pitman MBE , the only deck officer who was not a member of the Royal Naval Reserve . Pitman was the second to last surviving officer . Titanic 's crew were divided into three principal departments : Deck , with 66 crew ; Engine , with 325 ; and Victualling ( pronounced vi - tal - ling ) , with 494 . The vast majority of the crew were thus not seamen , but were either engineers , firemen , or stokers , responsible for looking after the engines , or stewards and galley staff , responsible for the passengers . Of these , over 97 % were male ; just 23 of the crew were female , mainly stewardesses . The rest represented a great variety of professions -- bakers , chefs , butchers , fishmongers , dishwashers , stewards , gymnasium instructors , laundrymen , waiters , bed - makers , cleaners , and even a printer , who produced a daily newspaper for passengers called the Atlantic Daily Bulletin with the latest news received by the ship 's wireless operators . Most of the crew signed on in Southampton on 6 April ; in all , 699 of the crew came from there , and 40 % were natives of the town . A few specialist staff were self - employed or were subcontractors . These included the five postal clerks , who worked for the Royal Mail and the United States Post Office Department , the staff of the First Class A La Carte Restaurant and the Café Parisien , the radio operators ( who were employed by Marconi ) and the eight musicians , who were employed by an agency and travelled as second - class passengers . Crew pay varied greatly , from Captain Smith 's £ 105 a month ( equivalent to £ 9,400 today ) to the £ 3 10 s ( £ 310 today ) that stewardesses earned . The lower - paid victualling staff could , however , supplement their wages substantially through tips from passengers . Passengers Main article : Passengers of the RMS Titanic John Jacob Astor IV in 1909 . He was the wealthiest person aboard Titanic . Titanic 's passengers numbered approximately 1,317 people : 324 in First Class , 284 in Second Class , and 709 in Third Class . Of these , 869 ( 66 % ) were male and 447 ( 34 % ) female . There were 107 children aboard , the largest number of which were in Third Class . The ship was considerably under capacity on her maiden voyage , as she could accommodate 2,453 passengers -- 833 First Class , 614 Second Class , and 1,006 Third Class . Usually , a high prestige vessel like Titanic could expect to be fully booked on its maiden voyage . However , a national coal strike in the UK had caused considerable disruption to shipping schedules in the spring of 1912 , causing many crossings to be cancelled . Many would - be passengers chose to postpone their travel plans until the strike was over . The strike had finished a few days before Titanic sailed ; however , that was too late to have much of an effect . Titanic was able to sail on the scheduled date only because coal was transferred from other vessels which were tied up at Southampton , such as SS City of New York and RMS Oceanic , as well as coal Olympic had brought back from a previous voyage to New York , which had been stored at the White Star Dock . Some of the most prominent people of the day booked a passage aboard Titanic , travelling in First Class . Among them were the American millionaire John Jacob Astor IV and his wife Madeleine Force Astor , industrialist Benjamin Guggenheim , Macy 's owner Isidor Straus and his wife Ida , Denver millionairess Margaret `` Molly '' Brown , Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and his wife , couturière Lucy ( Lady Duff - Gordon ) , cricketer and businessman John Borland Thayer with his wife Marian and son Jack , the Countess of Rothes , author and socialite Helen Churchill Candee , journalist and social reformer William Thomas Stead , author Jacques Futrelle with his wife May , and silent film actress Dorothy Gibson , among others . Titanic 's owner J.P. Morgan was scheduled to travel on the maiden voyage but cancelled at the last minute . Also aboard the ship were the White Star Line 's managing director J. Bruce Ismay and Titanic 's designer Thomas Andrews , who was on board to observe any problems and assess the general performance of the new ship . The exact number of people aboard is not known , as not all of those who had booked tickets made it to the ship ; about 50 people cancelled for various reasons , and not all of those who boarded stayed aboard for the entire journey . Fares varied depending on class and season . Third Class fares from London , Southampton , or Queenstown cost £ 7 5s ( equivalent to £ 600 today ) while the cheapest First Class fares cost £ 23 ( £ 2,100 today ) . The most expensive First Class suites were to have cost up to £ 870 in high season ( £ 78,000 today ) . Collecting passengers On Wednesday 10 April 1912 Titanic 's maiden voyage began . Following the embarkation of the crew the passengers began arriving from 9 : 30 a.m. , when the London and South Western Railway 's boat train from London Waterloo station reached Southampton Terminus railway station on the quayside , alongside Titanic 's berth . In all , 923 passengers boarded Titanic at Southampton , 179 First Class , 247 Second Class and 494 Third Class . The large number of Third Class passengers meant they were the first to board , with First and Second Class passengers following up to an hour before departure . Stewards showed them to their cabins , and First Class passengers were personally greeted by Captain Smith on boarding . Third Class passengers were inspected for ailments and physical impairments that might lead to their being refused entry to the United States -- a prospect the White Star Line wished to avoid , as it would have to carry anyone who failed the examination back across the Atlantic . 922 passengers were recorded as having embarked Titanic at Southampton . Additional passengers were to be picked up at Cherbourg and Queenstown . The maiden voyage began on time , at noon . An accident was narrowly averted only a few minutes later as Titanic passed the moored liners SS City of New York of the American Line and what would have been her running mate on the service from Southampton , White Star 's Oceanic . Her huge displacement caused both of the smaller ships to be lifted by a bulge of water and then drop into a trough . New York 's mooring cables could not take the sudden strain and snapped , swinging her around stern - first towards Titanic . A nearby tugboat , Vulcan , came to the rescue by taking New York under tow , and Captain Smith ordered Titanic 's engines to be put `` full astern '' . The two ships avoided a collision by a matter of about 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) . The incident delayed Titanic 's departure for about an hour , while the drifting New York was brought under control . After making it safely through the complex tides and channels of Southampton Water and the Solent , Titanic headed out into the English Channel . She headed for the French port of Cherbourg , a journey of 77 nautical miles ( 89 mi ; 143 km ) . The weather was windy , very fine but cold and overcast . Because Cherbourg lacked docking facilities for a ship the size of Titanic , tenders had to be used to transfer passengers from shore to ship . The White Star Line operated two at Cherbourg , the SS Traffic and the SS Nomadic . Both had been designed specifically as tenders for the Olympic - class liners and were launched shortly after Titanic . ( Nomadic is today the only White Star Line ship still afloat . ) Four hours after Titanic left Southampton , she arrived at Cherbourg and was met by the tenders. 274 additional passengers were taken aboard , 142 First Class , 30 Second Class , and 102 Third Class . Twenty - four passengers who had booked passage only cross-channel from Southampton left aboard the tenders to be conveyed to shore . The process was completed within only 90 minutes and at 8 p.m. Titanic weighed anchor and left for Queenstown with the weather continuing cold and windy . At 11 : 30 a.m. on Thursday 11 April , Titanic arrived at Cork Harbour on the south coast of Ireland . It was a partly cloudy but relatively warm day , with a brisk wind . Again , the dock facilities were not suitable for a ship of Titanic 's size , and tenders were used to bring passengers aboard . In all , 123 passengers boarded Titanic at Queenstown , 3 First Class , 7 Second Class and 113 Third Class . In addition to the 24 cross-channel passengers who had disembarked at Cherbourg , another seven passengers had booked an overnight passage from Southampton to Queenstown . Among the seven was Father Francis Browne , a Jesuit trainee , who was a keen photographer and took many photographs aboard Titanic , including the last - ever known photograph of the ship . A decidedly unofficial departure was that of a crew member , stoker John Coffey , a Queenstown native who sneaked off the ship by hiding under mail bags being transported to shore . Titanic weighed anchor for the last time at 1 : 30 p.m. and departed on her westward journey across the Atlantic . Titanic ( right ) after the near - collision with City of New York ( left , together with Oceanic at the far left ) Titanic in Cork harbour , 11 April 1912 The route of Titanic 's maiden voyage , with the coordinates of its sinking Atlantic crossing Titanic was planned to arrive at New York Pier 54 on the morning of 17 April . After leaving Queenstown Titanic followed the Irish coast as far as Fastnet Rock , a distance of some 55 nautical miles ( 63 mi ; 102 km ) . From there she travelled 1,620 nautical miles ( 1,860 mi ; 3,000 km ) along a Great Circle route across the North Atlantic to reach a spot in the ocean known as `` the corner '' south - east of Newfoundland , where westbound steamers carried out a change of course . Titanic sailed only a few hours past the corner on a rhumb line leg of 1,023 nautical miles ( 1,177 mi ; 1,895 km ) to Nantucket Shoals Light when she made her fatal contact with an iceberg . The final leg of the journey would have been 193 nautical miles ( 222 mi ; 357 km ) to Ambrose Light and finally to New York Harbor . From 11 April to local apparent noon the next day , Titanic covered 484 nautical miles ( 557 mi ; 896 km ) ; the following day , 519 nautical miles ( 597 mi ; 961 km ) ; and by noon on the final day of her voyage , 546 nautical miles ( 628 mi ; 1,011 km ) . From then until the time of her sinking she travelled another 258 nautical miles ( 297 mi ; 478 km ) , averaging about 21 knots ( 24 mph ; 39 km / h ) . The weather cleared as she left Ireland under cloudy skies with a headwind . Temperatures remained fairly mild on Saturday 13 April , but the following day Titanic crossed a cold weather front with strong winds and waves of up to 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) . These died down as the day progressed until , by the evening of Sunday 14 April , it became clear , calm and very cold . The first three days of the voyage from Queenstown had passed without apparent incident . A fire had begun in one of Titanic 's coal bunkers approximately 10 days prior to the ship 's departure , and continued to burn for several days into its voyage , but passengers were unaware of this situation . Fires occurred frequently on board steamships of that day due to spontaneous combustion of the coal . The fires had to be extinguished with fire hoses , by moving the coal on top to another bunker and by removing the burning coal and feeding it into the furnace . Fortunately , the fire was over on 14 April . Titanic received a series of warnings from other ships of drifting ice in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . One of the ships to warn Titanic was the Atlantic Line 's Mesaba . Nevertheless , the ship continued to steam at full speed , which was standard practice at the time . Although the ship was not trying to set a speed record , timekeeping was a priority , and under prevailing maritime practices , ships were often operated at close to full speed , with ice warnings seen as advisories and reliance placed upon lookouts and the watch on the bridge . It was generally believed that ice posed little danger to large vessels . Close calls with ice were not uncommon , and even head - on collisions had not been disastrous . In 1907 SS Kronprinz Wilhelm , a German liner , had rammed an iceberg but still had been able to complete her voyage , and Captain Smith himself had declared in 1907 that he `` could not imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder . Modern shipbuilding has gone beyond that . '' Sinking Main article : Sinking of the RMS Titanic At 11 : 40 p.m. ( ship 's time ) on 14 April , lookout Frederick Fleet spotted an iceberg immediately ahead of Titanic and alerted the bridge . First Officer William Murdoch ordered the ship to be steered around the obstacle and the engines to be stopped , but it was too late ; the starboard side of Titanic struck the iceberg , creating a series of holes below the waterline . The hull was not punctured by the iceberg , but rather dented such that the hull 's seams buckled and separated , allowing water to seep in . Five of the ship 's watertight compartments were breached . It soon became clear that the ship was doomed , as she could not survive more than four compartments being flooded . Titanic began sinking bow - first , with water spilling from compartment to compartment as her angle in the water became steeper . Those aboard Titanic were ill - prepared for such an emergency . In accordance with accepted practices of the time , where ships were seen as largely unsinkable and lifeboats were intended to transfer passengers to nearby rescue vessels , Titanic only had enough lifeboats to carry about half of those on board ; if the ship had carried her full complement of about 3,339 passengers and crew , only about a third could have been accommodated in the lifeboats . The crew had not been trained adequately in carrying out an evacuation . The officers did not know how many they could safely put aboard the lifeboats and launched many of them barely half - full . Third - class passengers were largely left to fend for themselves , causing many of them to become trapped below decks as the ship filled with water . The `` women and children first '' protocol was generally followed when loading the lifeboats , and most of the male passengers and crew were left aboard . At 2 : 20 a.m. , two hours and 40 minutes after Titanic struck the iceberg , her rate of sinking suddenly increased as her forward deck dipped underwater , and the sea poured in through open hatches and grates . As her unsupported stern rose out of the water , exposing the propellers , the ship began to break in two between the third and fourth funnels , due to the immense forces on the keel . With the bow underwater , and air trapped in the stern , the stern remained afloat and buoyant for a few minutes longer , rising to a nearly vertical angle with hundreds of people still clinging to it , before sinking . For many years it was generally believed the ship sank in one piece ; however , when the wreck was located many years later , it was discovered that the ship had fully broken in two . All remaining passengers and crew were immersed into lethally cold water with a temperature of 28 ° F ( − 2 ° C ) . Almost all of those in the water died of cardiac arrest or other bodily reactions to freezing water , within 15 -- 30 minutes . Only 13 of them were helped into the lifeboats , though these had room for almost 500 more people . Distress signals were sent by wireless , rockets , and lamp , but none of the ships that responded was near enough to reach Titanic before she sank . A radio operator on board the Birma , for instance , estimated that it would be 6 a.m. before the liner could arrive at the scene . Meanwhile , the SS Californian , which was the last to have been in contact before the collision , saw Titanic 's flares but failed to assist . Around 4 a.m. , RMS Carpathia arrived on the scene in response to Titanic 's earlier distress calls . About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York , Titanic 's original destination , while at least 1,500 people lost their lives . Carpathia 's captain described the place as an ice field that had included 20 large bergs measuring up to 200 feet ( 61 m ) high and numerous smaller bergs , as well as ice floes and debris from Titanic ; passengers described being in the middle of a vast white plain of ice , studded with icebergs . This area is now known as Iceberg Alley . The sinking , according to J. Thayer , sketched onboard Carpathia , based on his description The iceberg thought to have been hit by Titanic , photographed on the morning of 15 April 1912 . `` Untergang der Titanic '' , as conceived by Willy Stöwer , 1912 Aftermath of sinking Arrival of Carpathia in New York London newsboy Ned Parfett with news of the disaster . RMS Carpathia took three days to reach New York after leaving the scene of the disaster . Her journey was slowed by pack ice , fog , thunderstorms and rough seas . She was , however , able to pass news to the outside world by wireless about what had happened . The initial reports were confused , leading the American press to report erroneously on 15 April that Titanic was being towed to port by the SS Virginian . Later that day , confirmation came through that Titanic had been lost and that most of her passengers and crew had died . The news attracted crowds of people to the White Star Line 's offices in London , New York , Montreal , Southampton , Liverpool and Belfast . It hit hardest in Southampton , whose people suffered the greatest losses from the sinking . Four out of every five crew members came from this town . Carpathia docked at 9 : 30 p.m. on 18 April at New York 's Pier 54 and was greeted by some 40,000 people waiting at the quayside in heavy rain . Immediate relief in the form of clothing and transportation to shelters was provided by the Women 's Relief Committee , the Travelers Aid Society of New York , and the Council of Jewish Women , among other organisations . Many of Titanic 's surviving passengers did not linger in New York but headed onwards immediately to relatives ' homes . Some of the wealthier survivors chartered private trains to take them home , and the Pennsylvania Railroad laid on a special train free of charge to take survivors to Philadelphia . Titanic 's 214 surviving crew members were taken to the Red Star Line 's steamer SS Lapland , where they were accommodated in passenger cabins . Carpathia was hurriedly restocked with food and provisions before resuming her journey to Fiume , Austria - Hungary . Her crew were given a bonus of a month 's wages by Cunard as a reward for their actions , and some of Titanic 's passengers joined together to give them an additional bonus of nearly £ 900 ( £ 80,000 today ) , divided among the crew members . The ship 's arrival in New York led to a frenzy of press interest , with newspapers competing to be the first to report the survivors ' stories . Some reporters bribed their way aboard the pilot boat New York , which guided Carpathia into harbour , and one even managed to get onto Carpathia before she docked . Crowds gathered outside newspaper offices to see the latest reports being posted in the windows or on billboards . It took another four days for a complete list of casualties to be compiled and released , adding to the agony of relatives waiting for news of those who had been aboard Titanic . Arrival of Titanic 's survivors at New York ( artist concept ) Cartoon demanding better safety from shipping companies , 1912 Carpathia 's captain Arthur Rostron awarded by Margaret Brown , 1912 Insurance and Aid for survivors In January 1912 , the hulls and equipment of Titanic and Olympic had been insured through Lloyd 's of London . The total coverage was £ 1,000,000 ( £ 89,000,000 today ) per ship . The policy was to be `` free from all average '' under £ 150,000 , meaning that the insurers would only pay for damage in excess of that sum . The premium , negotiated by brokers Willis Faber & Company ( now Willis Group ) , was 15 s ( 75 p ) per £ 100 , or £ 7,500 ( £ 670,000 today ) for the term of one year . Lloyd 's paid the White Star Line the full sum owed to them within 30 days . Many charities were set up to help the victims and their families , many of whom lost their sole breadwinner , or , in the case of many Third Class survivors , everything they owned . On 29 April opera stars Enrico Caruso and Mary Garden and members of the Metropolitan Opera raised $12,000 ( $300,000 in 2014 ) in benefits for victims of the disaster by giving special concerts in which versions of `` Autumn '' and `` Nearer My God To Thee '' were part of the programme . In Britain , relief funds were organised for the families of Titanic 's lost crew members , raising nearly £ 450,000 ( £ 40,000,000 today ) . One such fund was still in operation as late as the 1960s . Investigations into the disaster Main articles : United States Senate inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic and British Wreck Commissioner 's inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic Even before the survivors arrived in New York , investigations were being planned to discover what had happened , and what could be done to prevent a recurrence . Inquiries were held in both the United States and United Kingdom , the former more robustly critical of traditions and practices , and scathing of the failures involved , and the latter broadly more technical and expert - oriented . The U.S. Senate 's inquiry into the disaster was initiated on 19 April , a day after Carpathia arrived in New York . The chairman , Senator William Alden Smith , wanted to gather accounts from passengers and crew while the events were still fresh in their minds . Smith also needed to subpoena all surviving British passengers and crew while they were still on American soil , which prevented them from returning to the UK before the American inquiry was completed on 25 May . The British press condemned Smith as an opportunist , insensitively forcing an inquiry as a means of gaining political prestige and seizing `` his moment to stand on the world stage '' . Smith , however , already had a reputation as a campaigner for safety on U.S. railroads , and wanted to investigate any possible malpractices by railroad tycoon J.P. Morgan , Titanic 's ultimate owner . The British Board of Trade 's inquiry into the disaster was headed by Lord Mersey , and took place between 2 May and 3 July . Being run by the Board of Trade , who had previously approved the ship , it was seen by some as having little interest in its own or White Star 's conduct being found negligent . Each inquiry took testimony from both passengers and crew of Titanic , crew members of Leyland Line 's Californian , Captain Arthur Rostron of Carpathia and other experts . The British inquiry also took far greater expert testimony , making it the longest and most detailed court of inquiry in British history up to that time . The two inquiries reached broadly similar conclusions : the regulations on the number of lifeboats that ships had to carry were out of date and inadequate , Captain Smith had failed to take proper heed of ice warnings , the lifeboats had not been properly filled or crewed , and the collision was the direct result of steaming into a dangerous area at too high a speed . Neither inquiry 's findings listed negligence by IMM or the White Star Line as a factor . The American inquiry concluded that since those involved had followed standard practice the disaster was an act of God . The British inquiry concluded that Smith had followed long - standing practice that had not previously been shown to be unsafe , noting that British ships alone had carried 3.5 million passengers over the previous decade with the loss of just 10 lives , and concluded that Smith had done `` only that which other skilled men would have done in the same position '' . Lord Mersey did however find fault with the `` extremely high speed ( twenty - two knots ) which was maintained '' following numerous ice warnings , noting that without hindsight , `` what was a mistake in the case of the Titanic would without doubt be negligence in any similar case in the future '' . The recommendations included strong suggestions for major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures , such as ensuring that more lifeboats were provided , that lifeboat drills were properly carried out and that wireless equipment on passenger ships was manned around the clock . An International Ice Patrol was set up to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic , and maritime safety regulations were harmonised internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ; both measures are still in force today . On 18 June 1912 , Guglielmo Marconi gave evidence to the Court of Inquiry regarding the telegraphy . Its final report recommended that all liners carry the system and that sufficient operators maintain a constant service . Role of the SS Californian The SS Californian , which had tried to warn Titanic of the danger from pack - ice One of the most controversial issues examined by the inquiries was the role played by SS Californian , which had been only a few miles from Titanic but had not picked up her distress calls or responded to her signal rockets . Californian had warned Titanic by radio of the pack ice that was the reason Californian had stopped for the night , but was rebuked by Titanic 's senior wireless operator , Jack Phillips . Testimony before the British inquiry revealed that at 10 : 10 p.m. , Californian observed the lights of a ship to the south ; it was later agreed between Captain Stanley Lord and Third Officer C.V. Groves ( who had relieved Lord of duty at 11 : 10 p.m. ) that this was a passenger liner . At 11 : 50 p.m. , the officer had watched that ship 's lights flash out , as if she had shut down or turned sharply , and that the port light was now visible . Morse light signals to the ship , upon Lord 's order , were made between 11 : 30 p.m. and 1 : 00 a.m. , but were not acknowledged . If Titanic were as far from the Californian as Lord claimed , then he knew , or should have known , that Morse signals would not be visible . A reasonable and prudent course of action would have been to awaken the wireless operator and to instruct him to attempt to contact Titanic by that method . Had Lord done so , it is possible he could have reached Titanic in time to save additional lives . Captain Lord had gone to the chartroom at 11 : 00 p.m. to spend the night ; however , Second Officer Herbert Stone , now on duty , notified Lord at 1 : 10 a.m. that the ship had fired five rockets . Lord wanted to know if they were company signals , that is , coloured flares used for identification . Stone said that he did not know and that the rockets were all white . Captain Lord instructed the crew to continue to signal the other vessel with the Morse lamp , and went back to sleep . Three more rockets were observed at 1 : 50 a.m. and Stone noted that the ship looked strange in the water , as if she were listing . At 2 : 15 a.m. , Lord was notified that the ship could no longer be seen . Lord asked again if the lights had had any colours in them , and he was informed that they were all white . Californian eventually responded . At around 5 : 30 a.m. , Chief Officer George Stewart awakened wireless operator Cyril Furmstone Evans , informed him that rockets had been seen during the night , and asked that he try to communicate with any ship . He got news of Titanic 's loss , Captain Lord was notified , and the ship set out to render assistance . She arrived well after Carpathia had already picked up all the survivors . The inquiries found that the ship seen by Californian was in fact Titanic and that it would have been possible for Californian to come to her rescue ; therefore , Captain Lord had acted improperly in failing to do so . Survivors and victims Main article : List of Titanic passengers The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear , due to a number of factors . These include confusion over the passenger list , which included some names of people who cancelled their trip at the last minute , and the fact that several passengers travelled under aliases for various reasons and were therefore double - counted on the casualty lists . The death toll has been put at between 1,490 and 1,635 people . The tables below use figures from the British Board of Trade report on the disaster . Fewer than a third of those aboard Titanic survived the disaster . Some survivors died shortly afterwards ; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard Carpathia . The figures show stark differences in the survival rates of the different classes aboard Titanic . Although only 3 % of first - class women were lost , 54 % of those in third class died . Similarly , five of six first - class and all second - class children survived , but 52 of the 79 in third class perished . The differences by gender were even bigger : nearly all female crew members , first and second class passengers were saved . Men from the First Class died at a higher rate than women from the Third Class . In total , 50 % of the children survived , 20 % of the men and 75 % of the women . The last living survivor , Millvina Dean from England , who at only nine weeks old was the youngest passenger on board , died aged 97 on 31 May 2009 . A special survivor was crew member Violet Jessop who survived the sinkings of both Titanic and Britannic and was aboard Olympic when she was rammed in 1911 . Age / gender Class / crew Number aboard Number saved Number lost Percentage saved Percentage lost Children First Class 6 5 83 % 17 % Second Class 24 24 0 100 % 0 % Third Class 79 27 52 34 % 66 % Women First Class 144 140 97 % 3 % Second Class 93 80 13 86 % 14 % Third Class 165 76 89 46 % 54 % Crew 23 20 87 % 13 % Men First Class 175 57 118 33 % 67 % Second Class 168 14 154 8 % 92 % Third Class 462 75 387 16 % 84 % Crew 885 192 693 22 % 78 % Total 2224 710 1514 32 % 68 % Retrieval and burial of the dead Markers of Titanic victims , Fairview Cemetery , Halifax , Nova Scotia Once the massive loss of life became known , White Star Line chartered the cable ship CS Mackay - Bennett from Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada , to retrieve bodies . Three other Canadian ships followed in the search : the cable ship Minia , lighthouse supply ship Montmagny and sealing vessel Algerine . Each ship left with embalming supplies , undertakers , and clergy . Of the 333 victims that were eventually recovered , 328 were retrieved by the Canadian ships and five more by passing North Atlantic steamships . The first ship to reach the site of the sinking , the CS Mackay - Bennett , found so many bodies that the embalming supplies aboard were quickly exhausted . Health regulations required that only embalmed bodies could be returned to port . Captain Larnder of the Mackay - Bennett and undertakers aboard decided to preserve only the bodies of first class passengers , justifying their decision by the need to visually identify wealthy men to resolve any disputes over large estates . As a result , many third class passengers and crew were buried at sea . Larnder identified many of those buried at sea as crew members by their clothing , and stated that as a mariner , he himself would be contented to be buried at sea . Bodies recovered were preserved for transport to Halifax , the closest city to the sinking with direct rail and steamship connections . The Halifax coroner , John Henry Barnstead , developed a detailed system to identify bodies and safeguard personal possessions . Relatives from across North America came to identify and claim bodies . A large temporary morgue was set up in the curling rink of the Mayflower Curling Club and undertakers were called in from all across eastern Canada to assist . Some bodies were shipped to be buried in their home towns across North America and Europe . About two - thirds of the bodies were identified . Unidentified victims were buried with simple numbers based on the order in which their bodies were discovered . The majority of recovered victims , 150 bodies , were buried in three Halifax cemeteries , the largest being Fairview Lawn Cemetery followed by the nearby Mount Olivet and Baron de Hirsch cemeteries . In mid-May 1912 , RMS Oceanic recovered three bodies over 200 miles ( 320 km ) from the site of the sinking who were among the original occupants of Collapsible A. When Fifth Officer Harold Lowe and six crewmen returned to the wreck site sometime after the sinking in a lifeboat to pick up survivors , they rescued a dozen males and one female from Collapsible A , but left the dead bodies of three of its occupants . After their retrieval from Collapsible A by Oceanic , the bodies were buried at sea . The last Titanic body recovered was steward James McGrady , Body No. 330 , found by the chartered Newfoundland sealing vessel Algerine on 22 May and buried at Fairview Lawn Cemetery in Halifax on 12 June . Only 333 bodies of Titanic victims were recovered , one in five of the over 1500 victims . Some bodies sank with the ship while currents quickly dispersed bodies and wreckage across hundreds of miles making them difficult to recover . By June one of the last search ships reported that life jackets supporting bodies were coming apart and releasing bodies to sink . Wreck Main article : Wreck of the RMS Titanic The bow of the wrecked RMS Titanic , photographed in June 2004 Titanic was long thought to have sunk in one piece and , over the years , many schemes were put forward for raising the wreck . None came to fruition . The fundamental problem was the sheer difficulty of finding and reaching a wreck that lies over 12,000 feet ( 3,700 m ) below the surface , in a location where the water pressure is over 6,500 pounds per square inch . A number of expeditions were mounted to find Titanic but it was not until 1 September 1985 that a Franco - American expedition led by Robert Ballard succeeded . The team discovered that Titanic had in fact split apart , probably near or at the surface , before sinking to the seabed . The separated bow and stern sections lie about a third of a mile ( 0.6 km ) apart in Titanic Canyon off the coast of Newfoundland . They are located 13.2 miles ( 21.2 km ) from the inaccurate coordinates given by Titanic 's radio operators on the night of her sinking , and approximately 715 miles ( 1,151 km ) from Halifax and 1,250 miles ( 2,012 km ) from New York . Both sections struck the sea bed at considerable speed , causing the bow to crumple and the stern to collapse entirely . The bow is by far the more intact section and still contains some surprisingly intact interiors . In contrast , the stern is completely wrecked ; its decks have pancaked down on top of each other and much of the hull plating was torn off and lies scattered across the sea floor . The much greater level of damage to the stern is probably due to structural damage incurred during the sinking . Thus weakened , the remainder of the stern was flattened by the impact with the sea bed . The two sections are surrounded by a debris field measuring approximately 5 by 3 miles ( 8.0 km × 4.8 km ) . It contains hundreds of thousands of items , such as pieces of the ship , furniture , dinnerware and personal items , which fell from the ship as she sank or were ejected when the bow and stern impacted on the sea floor . The debris field was also the last resting place of a number of Titanic 's victims . Most of the bodies and clothes were consumed by sea creatures and bacteria , leaving pairs of shoes and boots -- which have proved to be inedible -- as the only sign that bodies once lay there . Since its initial discovery , the wreck of Titanic has been revisited on numerous occasions by explorers , scientists , filmmakers , tourists and salvagers , who have recovered thousands of items from the debris field for conservation and public display . The ship 's condition has deteriorated significantly over the years , particularly from accidental damage by submersibles but mostly because of an accelerating rate of growth of iron - eating bacteria on the hull . It has been estimated that within the next 50 years the hull and structure of Titanic will eventually collapse entirely , leaving only the more durable interior fittings of the ship intermingled with a pile of rust on the sea floor . Bell from the Titanic Many artefacts from Titanic have been recovered from the sea bed by RMS Titanic Inc. , which exhibits them in touring exhibitions around the world and in a permanent exhibition at the Luxor Las Vegas hotel and casino in Las Vegas , Nevada . A number of other museums exhibit artefacts either donated by survivors or retrieved from the floating bodies of victims of the disaster . On 16 April 2012 , the day after the 100th anniversary of the sinking , photos were released showing possible human remains resting on the ocean floor . The photos , taken by Robert Ballard during an expedition led by NOAA in 2004 , show a boot and a coat close to Titanic 's stern which experts called `` compelling evidence '' that it is the spot where somebody came to rest , and that human remains could be buried in the sediment beneath them . The wreck of the Titanic falls under the scope of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage . This means that all states party to the convention will prohibit the pillaging , commercial exploitation , sale and dispersion of the wreck and its artefacts . Because of the location of the wreck in international waters and the lack of any exclusive jurisdiction over the wreckage area , the convention provides a state co-operation system , by which states inform each other of any potential activity concerning ancient shipwreck sites , like the Titanic , and co-operate to prevent unscientific or unethical interventions . Legacy Safety Main article : Changes in safety practices after the sinking of the RMS Titanic An ice patrol aircraft inspecting an iceberg After the disaster , recommendations were made by both the British and American Boards of Inquiry stating that ships should carry enough lifeboats for all aboard , mandated lifeboat drills would be implemented , lifeboat inspections would be conducted , etc . Many of these recommendations were incorporated into the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea passed in 1914 . The convention has been updated by periodic amendments , with a completely new version adopted in 1974 . Signatories to the convention followed up with national legislation to implement the new standards . For example in Britain , new `` Rules for Life Saving Appliances '' were passed by the Board of Trade on 8 May 1914 and then applied at a meeting of British steamship companies in Liverpool in June 1914 . Further , the United States government passed the Radio Act of 1912 . This act , along with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea , stated that radio communications on passenger ships would be operated 24 hours a day , along with a secondary power supply , so as not to miss distress calls . Also , the Radio Act of 1912 required ships to maintain contact with vessels in their vicinity as well as coastal onshore radio stations . In addition , it was agreed in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea that the firing of red rockets from a ship must be interpreted as a sign of need for help . Once the Radio Act of 1912 was passed it was agreed that rockets at sea would be interpreted as distress signals only , thus removing any possible misinterpretation from other ships . Finally , the disaster led to the formation and international funding of the International Ice Patrol , an agency of the United States Coast Guard that to the present day monitors and reports on the location of North Atlantic Ocean icebergs that could pose a threat to transatlantic sea traffic . Coast Guard aircraft conduct the primary reconnaissance . In addition , information is collected from ships operating in or passing through the ice area . Except for the years of the two World Wars , the International Ice Patrol has worked each season since 1913 . During the period there has not been a single reported loss of life or property due to collision with an iceberg in the patrol area . In 1912 , the Board of Trade chartered the barque Scotia to act as a weather ship in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland , keeping a look - out for icebergs . A Marconi wireless was installed to enable her to communicate with stations on the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland . Cultural Main article : Cultural legacy of RMS Titanic Titanic Belfast , 2012 Titanic has gone down in history as the ship that was called unsinkable . For more than 100 years , she has been the inspiration of fiction and non-fiction . She is commemorated by monuments for the dead and by museums exhibiting artefacts from the wreck . Just after the sinking memorial postcards sold in huge numbers together with memorabilia ranging from tin candy boxes to plates , whiskey jiggers , and even black mourning teddy bears . Several survivors wrote books about their experiences but it was not until 1955 the first historically accurate book A Night to Remember was published . The first film about the disaster , Saved from the Titanic , was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star -- the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson . The British film A Night to Remember ( 1958 ) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking . The most financially successful by far has been James Cameron 's Titanic ( 1997 ) , which became the highest - grossing film in history up to that time , as well as the winner of 11 Oscars at the 70th Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Cameron . The Titanic disaster was commemorated through a variety of memorials and monuments to the victims , erected in several English - speaking countries and in particular in cities that had suffered notable losses . These included Southampton , Liverpool and Belfast in the United Kingdom ; New York and Washington , D.C. in the United States ; and Cobh ( formerly Queenstown ) in Ireland . A number of museums around the world have displays on Titanic . In Northern Ireland , the ship is commemorated by the Titanic Belfast visitor attraction , opened on 31 March 2012 , that stands on the site of the shipyard where Titanic was built . RMS Titanic Inc. , which is authorised to salvage the wreck site , has a permanent Titanic exhibition at the Luxor Las Vegas hotel and casino in Nevada which features a 22 - ton slab of the ship 's hull . It also runs an exhibition which travels around the world . In Nova Scotia , Halifax 's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic displays items that were recovered from the sea a few days after the disaster . They include pieces of woodwork such as panelling from the ship 's First Class Lounge and an original deckchair , as well as objects removed from the victims . In 2012 the centenary was marked by plays , radio programmes , parades , exhibitions and special trips to the site of the sinking together with commemorative stamps and coins . In a frequently commented - on literary coincidence , Morgan Robertson authored a novel called Futility in 1898 about a fictional British passenger liner with the plot bearing a number of similarities to the Titanic disaster . In the novel the ship is the SS Titan , a four - stacked liner , the largest in the world and considered unsinkable . But like the Titanic , she sinks after hitting an iceberg and does not have enough lifeboats . Appendix Diagrams of RMS Titanic ( show ) Diagram of RMS Titanic showing the arrangement of the bulkheads in red . Compartments in the engineering area at the bottom of the ship are noted in blue . Names of decks are listed to the right ( starting at top on Boat deck , going from A through F and ending on Lower deck at the waterline ) . Areas of damage made by the iceberg are shown in green . The scale 's smallest unit is 10 feet ( 3.0 m ) and its total length is 400 feet ( 120 m ) . A cutaway diagram of Titanic 's midship section . S : Sun deck . A : Upper promenade deck . B : Promenade deck , glass - enclosed . C : Saloon deck . E : Main deck . F : Middle deck . G : Lower deck : cargo , coal bunkers , boilers , engines . ( a ) Welin davits with lifeboats , ( b ) Bilge , ( c ) Double bottom Comparison of Titanic in size to modern means of transport and a person Timeline of RMS Titanic ( show ) 17 September 1908 : Ship ordered . 31 May 1911 : Ship launched . 1 April 1912 : Trials completed . 10 April , noon : Maiden voyage starts . Leaves Southampton dock , narrowly escaping collision with American liner New York . 10 April , 19 : 00 : Stops at Cherbourg for passengers . 10 April , 21 : 00 : Leaves Cherbourg for Queenstown . 11 April , 12 : 30 : Stops at Queenstown for passengers and mail . 11 April , 14 : 00 : Leaves Queenstown for New York . 14 April , 23 : 40 : Collision with iceberg ( Latitude 41 ° 46 ′ N , Longitude 50 ° 14 ′ W ) . 15 April , 00 : 45 : First boat , No. 7 , lowered . 15 April , 02 : 05 : Last boat , Collapsible D , lowered . 15 April , 02 : 20 : Foundering . 15 April , 03 : 30 -- 08 : 50 : Rescue of survivors . 19 April -- 25 May : U.S. inquiry . 2 May -- 3 July : British inquiry . 1 September 1985 : Discovery of wreck . Titanic replicas See also : Replica Titanic and Titanic II First Class Lounge of the Olympic which was almost identical to that of the Titanic , seen today as a dining room in the White Swan Hotel , Alnwick There have been several proposals and studies for a project to build a replica ship based on the Titanic . A project by South African businessman Sarel Gaus was abandoned in 2006 , and a project by Australian businessman Clive Palmer was announced in 2012 , known as the Titanic II . A Chinese shipbuilding company known as Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Co. , Ltd commenced construction in January 2014 to build a replica ship of the Titanic for use in a resort . The vessel will house many features of the original , such as a ballroom , dining hall , theatre , first - class cabins , economy cabins and swimming pool . Tourists will be able to reside inside the Titanic during their time at the resort . It will be permanently docked at the resort and feature an audiovisual simulation of the sinking , which has caused some criticism . The RMS Olympic was the sister ship of the Titanic . The interior decoration of the dining salon and the grand staircase were in identical style and created by the same craftsmen . Large parts of the interior of the Olympic were later sold and are now in the White Swan Hotel , Alnwick , which gives an impression of how the interior of the Titanic looked . See also Disaster portal Nautical portal United Kingdom portal International Maritime Organization Lists of shipwrecks RMS Titanic alternative theories , alternative explanations for the fate of the Titanic ( rather than it hitting an iceberg ) The Wreck of the Titan : Or , Futility Notes Jump up ^ Carlisle would leave the project in 1910 , before the ships were launched , when he became a shareholder in Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd , the firm making the ship 's davits . Wilding was sacked following the Titanic disaster , having apparently been blamed by Pirrie , unfairly , for the ship 's loss . Jump up ^ It was kept off - limits to passengers ; the famous `` flying '' scene at the ship 's bow from the 1997 film Titanic would not have been permitted in real life . Jump up ^ This photo is probably of Titanic 's sister ship , Olympic . Jump up ^ Copy after Merry - Joseph Blondel of the neoclassical oil painting Jump up ^ Measurement of lifeboats : 1 -- 2 : 25'2 '' long by 7'2 '' wide by 3'2 '' deep ; 326.6 cubic feet ( 9.25 m ) ; 3 -- 16 : 30 ' long by 9'1 '' wide by 4 ' deep ; 655.2 cubic feet ( 18.55 m ) and A -- D : 27'5 '' long by 8 ' wide by 3 ' deep ; 376.6 cubic feet ( 10.66 m ) Jump up ^ Since 1894 , when the largest passenger ship under consideration was the Cunard Line 's 13,000 - ton Lucania , the Board of Trade had made no provision to increase the existing scale regarding the number of required lifeboats for larger ships , such as the 46,000 - ton Titanic . Sir Alfred Chalmers , nautical adviser to the Board of Trade from 1896 to 1911 , had considered the matter of adjusting the scale `` from time to time '' , but because he not only assumed that experienced sailors would need to be carried `` uselessly '' aboard ship only to lower and man the extra lifeboats , but also anticipated the difficulty in getting away a greater number than 16 boats in any emergency , he `` did not consider it necessary to increase ( the scale ) '' . Jump up ^ He expressed deep disappointment about the decision before the voyage , but was presumably greatly relieved afterwards . Jump up ^ Titanic also had a ship 's cat , Jenny , who gave birth to a litter of kittens shortly before the ship 's maiden voyage ; all perished in the sinking . Jump up ^ Known afterward as the `` Unsinkable Molly Brown '' due to her efforts in helping other passengers while the ship sank Jump up ^ Captain Edward Smith had been in command of Titanic 's sister Olympic when she in 1911 collided with a warship . Even though that ship was designed to sink others by ramming them , it suffered greater damage than Olympic , thereby strengthening the image of the class being unsinkable . Jump up ^ The official enquiry found that damage extended about 300 feet , but both Edward Wilding 's testimony and modern ultrasound surveys of the wreck suggest the total area was perhaps a few narrow openings totalling perhaps no more than 12 to 13 square feet ( 1.1 to 1.2 m ) . Jump up ^ An incident confirmed this philosophy while Titanic was under construction : the White Star liner Republic was involved in a collision and sank . Even though she did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers , they were all saved because the ship was able to stay afloat long enough for them to be ferried to ships coming to assist . Jump up ^ Life expectancy in such temperatures is often under 15 minutes even for people who are young and fit . The victims would have died from bodily reactions to freezing water rather than hypothermia ( loss of core temperature ) . Immersed into freezing seas , around 20 % of victims die within two minutes from cold shock ( uncontrolled rapid breathing and gasping causing water inhalation , massive increase in blood pressure , cardiac strain leading to cardiac arrest , and panic ) , another 50 % die within 15 -- 30 minutes from cold incapacitation ( inability to use or control limbs and hands for swimming or gripping , as the body ' protectively ' shuts down peripheral muscles to protect its core ) , and exhaustion and unconsciousness cause drowning , claiming the rest within a similar time . Jump up ^ The Salvation Army newspaper , The War Cry , reported that `` none but a heart of stone would be unmoved in the presence of such anguish . Night and day that crowd of pale , anxious faces had been waiting patiently for the news that did not come . Nearly every one in the crowd had lost a relative . '' It was not until 17 April that the first incomplete lists of survivors came through , delayed by poor communications . Jump up ^ On 23 April , the Daily Mail reported : `` Late in the afternoon hope died out . The waiting crowds thinned , and silent men and women sought their homes . In the humbler homes of Southampton there is scarcely a family who has not lost a relative or friend . Children returning from school appreciated something of tragedy , and woeful little faces were turned to the darkened , fatherless homes . '' Jump up ^ According to an eyewitness report , there `` were many pathetic scenes '' when Titanic 's survivors disembarked at New York Jump up ^ Lord protested his innocence to the end of his life , and many researchers have asserted that the known positions of Titanic and Californian make it impossible that the former was the infamous `` mystery ship '' , a topic which has `` generated ... millions of words and ... hours of heated debates '' and continues to do so . Jump up ^ Most of the bodies were numbered , however , the five passengers buried at sea by Carpathia went unnumbered . Jump up ^ Thomas Beattie , a first class passenger , and two crew members , a fireman and a seaman . Jump up ^ An example is Daniel Butler 's book about RMS Titanic , titled Unsinkable ^ Jump up to : Ship 's time ; at the time of the collision , Titanic 's clocks were set to 2 hours 2 minutes ahead of Eastern Time Zone and 2 hours 58 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time . References Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2004 , p. 1 . Jump up ^ Official investigation report - the sinking of RMS Titanic ( PDF ) ( 1 ed . ) . London : The final board of inquiry . Retrieved 27 July 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic Ship Listing '' . Chris ' Cunard Page . Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 . Retrieved 12 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Second Officer Lightoller insisted on excluding men , while First Officer Murdoch , on the other side of the ship , permitted men and women to board the lifeboats . Jump up ^ `` Patrick S. Ryan , The ITU and the Internet 's Titanic Moment '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 319 . Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , p. 27 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 26 . Jump up ^ `` Outgoing Steamships -- Sail Saturday October 26 , 1912 : Majestic ( Southampton ) '' . The Sun . 24 October 1912 . Retrieved 18 May 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Bartlett 2011 , p. 25 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 12 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 14 . Jump up ^ `` Testimony of Alexander Carlisle '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry. 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 8 November 2008 . Jump up ^ McCluskie 1998 , p. 20 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 55 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 56 . ^ Jump up to : McCluskie 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. efn319 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 47 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 229 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 48 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 232 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 233 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 235 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 236 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 237 . Jump up ^ Beveridge 2008 , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 120 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 121 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 80 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 126 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 148 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 86 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 85 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 96 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 127 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 74 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 106 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 107 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 44 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 104 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 68 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 70 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 162 . Jump up ^ Bruce Beveridge et al. , edited by Art Braunschweiger ( 2008 ) . Titanic : the ship magnificent ( 3rd ed . ) . Stroud , Gloucestershire : History Press . ISBN 0752446061 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 165 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 57 . ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 182 . Jump up ^ https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-victim/gaspare-antonio-pietro-gatti.html Jump up ^ `` 1st Class Cafe Parisien '' . National Museums Northern Ireland . 2011 . Retrieved 28 May 2011 . Jump up ^ Brewster , Hugh & Coulter , Laurie. 882 1 / 2 Answers to Your Questions About The Titanic , Scholastic Press , 1998 ; 32 . Jump up ^ ( Bruce Beveridge 2008 , p. 15 ) Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 189 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 59 . Jump up ^ Lynch 1992 , p. 53 . Jump up ^ Lynch 1992 , p. 207 . Jump up ^ Merideth 2003 , p. 236 . ^ Jump up to : New York Times , Thursday 16 January 1913 , Titanic Survivors Asking $6,000,000 , p. 28 ^ Jump up to : Gill 2010 , p. 146 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1987 , p. 131 . Jump up ^ The Titanic : The Memorabilia Collection , by Michael Swift , Igloo Publishing 2011 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 85780 - 251 - 4 ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 112 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 1997 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 26 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 38 . Jump up ^ `` Board of Trade 's Administration '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry. 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 9 November 2008 . ^ Jump up to : Berg , Chris ( 13 April 2012 ) . `` The Real Reason for the Tragedy of the Titanic '' . The Wall Street Journal . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 42 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 43 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 87 . ^ Jump up to : Felkins , Leighly & Jankovic 1998 . ^ Jump up to : Broad 1997 . Jump up ^ Materials Today , 2008 . Jump up ^ McCarty & Foecke 2012 , p. . Jump up ^ Broad 2008 . Jump up ^ Verhoeven 2007 , p. 49 . Jump up ^ Smith , Jonathan . `` Titanic : The Hingley Anchors '' . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 105 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 109 . ^ Jump up to : Bartlett 2011 , p. 33 . ^ Jump up to : Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Marriott , Leo ( 1997 ) . TITANIC . PRC Publishing Ltd . ISBN 1 - 85648 - 433 - 5 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 44 . 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Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 93 . ^ Jump up to : Howells 1999 , p. 18 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic Passenger List First Class Passengers '' . Encyclopedia Titanica . Retrieved 24 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Chernow 2010 , Chapter 8 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 18 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 73 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic -- Passenger and Crew statistics '' . Historyonthenet.com . Retrieved 8 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Barratt 2009 , p. 61 . Jump up ^ Gill 2010 , p. 252 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 76 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 71 . ^ Jump up to : Halpern 2011 , p. 79 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 92 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 93 . ^ Jump up to : Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 100 . Jump up ^ Joseph J. Portanova . `` Memory and Monuments : Some Sites Connected with the Titanic in Manhattan '' ( PDF ) . New York University . Retrieved 24 August 2015 . Jump up ^ John Lang ( 2012 ) . Titanic : A Fresh Look at the Evidence by a Former Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers . p. 124 . ISBN 1442218924 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 71 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 75 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 73 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , pp. 74 -- 75 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 80 . Jump up ^ Fire Down Below -- by Samuel Halpern . Retrieved 7 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , p. 122 . Jump up ^ Titanic Research & Modeling Association : Coal Bunker Fire Jump up ^ Beveridge & Hall 2011 , pp. 122 -- 126 . Jump up ^ Titanic : Fire & Ice ( Or What You Will ) Various Authors . Retrieved 23 January 2017 . Jump up ^ Ryan 1985 , p. 9 . Jump up ^ `` Winifreda '' . The Yard . Retrieved 21 February 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Mowbray 1912 , p. 278 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 24 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 13 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic and co , RMS Olympic The Old Reliable '' . Titanicandco.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ James Donahue ( 20 September 1911 ) . `` The Titanic 's Sister Ship Olympic '' . Perdurabo10.tripod.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 2 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 191 . Jump up ^ Report 1912 , p. question 20422 , Day 19 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 22 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 116 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 29 . Jump up ^ Hutchings & de Kerbrech 2011 , p. 109 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 21 . ^ Jump up to : Barczewski 2006 , p. 284 . Jump up ^ Halpern & Weeks 2011 , p. 118 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 204 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 29 . Jump up ^ `` The Truth About The Cold Water '' . Mario Vittone . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Hypothermia safety '' . United States Power Squadrons. 23 January 2007 . Archived from the original on 8 December 2008 . Retrieved 19 February 2008 . Jump up ^ Aldridge 2008 , p. 56 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , pp. 45 -- 47 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , pp. 64 -- 65 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 238 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , pp. 242 , 245 . Jump up ^ http://earthsky.org/earth/a-trip-down-canadas-iceberg-alley Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 266 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 256 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 169 . Jump up ^ The Whatley Design Group , 2000 ( 15 April 1912 ) . `` A Walking Tour of Montreal -- Sites Related to the Titanic Disaster '' . Vehiculepress.com . Retrieved 13 August 2012 . Jump up ^ Kerins , Dan ( 2012 ) . `` White Star Offices , Canute Chambers , Canute Road , Southampton '' . Titanic trail . Southern Daily Echo . Retrieved 21 March 2012 . Jump up ^ In His Court . Mike Yorkey ( 2002 ) p. 127 ^ Jump up to : `` Titanic anniversary : the day Southampton went silent '' . The Telegraph . 5 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 172 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 261 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , p. 262 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 170 , 172 . Jump up ^ Landau 2001 , pp. 22 -- 23 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 183 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 184 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 182 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 204 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 173 . Jump up ^ Lloyd 's . `` Titanic Information Sheet '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . Jump up ^ from Bing.com -- Dave Manuel 's Inflation Calculator Retrieved 21 May 2015 Jump up ^ The New York Times ; Tuesday 30 April 1912 `` GEORGE VANDERBILT 'S ESCAPE. ; Mrs. Dresser Persuaded Him Not to Sail on Titanic -- Footman Lost '' . ( in PDF format ) Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 174 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , pp. 70 -- 1 . Jump up ^ Brewster & Coulter 1998 , p. 72 . ^ Jump up to : `` Titanic -- The Senatorial Investigation '' . United States Senate Inquiry . Retrieved 19 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , pp. 180 -- 186 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , pp. 70 -- 71 , 182 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , pp. 192 -- 194 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 194 . ^ Jump up to : Butler 1998 , p. 195 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 189 . Jump up ^ Barczewski 2006 , p. 67 . ^ Jump up to : Lynch 1992 , p. 189 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 265 . Jump up ^ `` Lord Mersey 's Report on the Loss of the `` Titanic '' `` . Nature . 89 ( 2232 ) : 581 -- 584 . April 25 , 1912 . ISSN 0028 - 0836 . doi : 10.1038 / 089581d0 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 223 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 310 . Jump up ^ Court of Inquiry Loss of the S.S. Titanic 1912 ^ Jump up to : Butler 2002 , p. 160 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 161 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , p. 159 . Jump up ^ Chirnside 2004 , p. 344 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 164 -- 165 . Jump up ^ Butler 2002 , pp. 191 , 196 . Jump up ^ Paul Rogers . `` The Titanic and the Indifferent Stranger '' . Encyclopedia-titanica.org . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Butler 1998 , p. 239 . Jump up ^ Lord 1976 , p. 197 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1994 , p. 179 . Jump up ^ Howells 1999 , p. 94 . Jump up ^ Last Titanic survivor , a baby put in a lifeboat , dies at 97 The Guardian . Retrieved 31 March 2012 Jump up ^ `` Titanic and other White Star ships Titanic Crew Member Profile : Violet Constance Jessop , Ship Stewardess '' . Titanic-whitestarships.com. 19 July 1958 . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 228 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 232 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 234 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 225 . Jump up ^ `` RMS Titanic : List of Bodies and Disposition of Same '' . Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management . Retrieved 3 March 2008 . Jump up ^ `` Maritime Museum of the Atlantic Titanic Research Page -- Victims '' . Museum.gov.ns.ca. 8 November 2010 . Archived from the original on 7 December 2009 . Retrieved 29 January 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Mowbray , Jay Henry ( 1912 ) . `` Chapter xxi . the funeral ship and its dead '' . The sinking of the Titanic ( 1912 ) . Retrieved 24 November 2008 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , pp. 244 -- 245 . Jump up ^ Bartlett 2011 , pp. 242 -- 243 . Jump up ^ Alan Ruffman , Titanic Remembered : The Unsinkable Ship and Halifax Formac Publishing ( 1999 ) , p. 38 . Jump up ^ `` Why So Few ? '' . Museum.gov.ns.ca . Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 166 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 221 . ^ Jump up to : Ward 2012 , pp. 171 -- 172 . Jump up ^ `` Paper says Titanic discovered '' . The San Bernardino County Sun . 1 September 1985 . p. 3 -- via Newspapers.com . Jump up ^ Halpern & Weeks 2011 , pp. 126 -- 127 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 205 . Jump up ^ Canfield & 8 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 203 . Jump up ^ Ballard 1987 , p. 207 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 171 . Jump up ^ Crosbie & Mortimer 2006 , p. last page ( no page number specified ) . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 259 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , pp. 248 , 251 . Jump up ^ `` Human remains pictured at Titanic shipwreck site '' . Herald Sun . Jump up ^ `` Titanic United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization '' . Unesco.org . Retrieved 2 October 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic 's remains to come under Unesco 's protection '' . 6 April 2012 . Jump up ^ Booth , Robert ( 6 April 2012 ) . `` Titanic wreck to be protected by UN maritime convention '' . The Guardian . p. 6 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` Captainsvoyage - forum , lifeboat requirements '' . Captainsvoyage-forum.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) . International Maritime Organization , 1974 . Jump up ^ Conlin , Dan ( 15 April 2013 ) . `` A Titanic Report that Changed History '' . Marinecurator.blogspot.ca . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Minichiello , P.E. , Ray . `` TITANIC Tragedy Spawns Wireless Advancements '' . The Guglielmo Marconi Foundation , U.S.A. , Inc . Archived from the original on 3 December 1998 . Retrieved 30 September 2016 . CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown ( link ) Jump up ^ `` Navigation Center , Ice Patrol '' . Navcen.uscg.gov . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ `` The ice danger in the North Atlantic '' . The Times ( 40136 ) . London . 15 February 1913 . col C , p. 4 . Jump up ^ `` 45p SY Scotia '' . Mike Skidmore . Retrieved 17 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , p. 327 . Jump up ^ Eaton & Haas 1995 , pp. 329 -- 330 . Jump up ^ Maniera 2003 , p. 50 . Jump up ^ Rasor 2001 , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. xii . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 267 . Jump up ^ Heyer 2012 , p. 104 . Jump up ^ Parisi 1998 , p. 223 . Jump up ^ The Oscars 2015 News , Blogs & Articles Academy Awards â € '' Oscars 2015 Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , pp. 262 -- 263 . Jump up ^ BBC News & 31 March 2012 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 252 . Jump up ^ Ward 2012 , p. 251 . Jump up ^ Spignesi 2012 , p. 261 . Jump up ^ ITV : Titanic . Retrieved 13 January 2012 Jump up ^ Iceberg Right Ahead ! -- review The Guardian . Retrieved 1 April 2012 Jump up ^ `` Cruise to mark Titanic centenary '' . BBC News . 15 April 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Gibraltar Titanic stamps '' . Gibraltar-stamps.com . Retrieved 28 May 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Titanic -- Futility '' . Retrieved 15 October 2014 . Jump up ^ Beveridge , Bruce ; Andrews , Scott ; Hall , Steve ; Klistorner , Daniel ( 2009 ) . `` Chapter 1 : Inception & Construction Plans '' . In Braunschweiger , Art . Titanic : The Ship Magnificent . I. Gloucestershire , United Kingdom : History Press . ISBN 9780752446066 . Retrieved 25 May 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Launch of Titanic '' . National Museums Northern Ireland . 2011 . Retrieved 30 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 2005 , p. 148 . Jump up ^ Lord 2005 , p. 149 . ^ Jump up to : Lord 2005 , p. 150 . Jump up ^ Halpern 2011 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ `` British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry '' . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry Report . Titanic Inquiry Project . Retrieved 19 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Ltd , Australian News Channel Pty . `` China to build full - size Titanic replica '' . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Jump up ^ Xuequan , Mu . `` Chinese manufacturer builds Titanic replica '' . news.xinhuanet.com . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Full size Titanic replica will stage ' simulation ' of iceberg collision in China '' . The Independent . 30 November 2016 . Retrieved 25 March 2017 . Bibliography Books : Aldridge , Rebecca ( 2008 ) . The Sinking of the Titanic . New York : Infobase Publishing . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7910 - 9643 - 7 . Ballard , Robert D. ( 1987 ) . The Discovery of the Titanic . New York : Warner Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 446 - 51385 - 2 . Barczewski , Stephanie ( 2006 ) . Titanic : A Night Remembered . London : Hambledon Continuum . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85285 - 500 - 0 . Barratt , Nick ( 2009 ) . Lost Voices From the Titanic : The Definitive Oral History . London : Random House . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84809 - 151 - 1 . Bartlett , W.B. ( 2011 ) . Titanic : 9 Hours to Hell , the Survivors ' Story . Stroud , Gloucestershire : Amberley Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4456 - 0482 - 4 . Beveridge , Bruce ; Hall , Steve ( 2004 ) . Olympic & Titanic : The Truth Behind the Conspiracy . Haverford , Pennsylvania : Infinity Publishing . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7414 - 1949 - 1 . Beveridge , Bruce ( 2008 ) . Titanic -- The Ship Magnificent Volume One : Design & Construction . Stroud : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 4606 - 6 . Beveridge , Bruce ; Hall , Steve ( 2011 ) . `` Description of the ship '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Brewster , Hugh ; Coulter , Laurie ( 1998 ) . 8821⁄2 Amazing Answers to your Questions about the Titanic . Madison Press Book . ISBN 978 - 0 - 590 - 18730 - 5 . Butler , Daniel Allen ( 1998 ) . Unsinkable : the full story of the RMS Titanic . Mechanicsburg , PA : Stackpole Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8117 - 1814 - 1 . Butler , Daniel Allen ( 2002 ) ( 1998 ) . Unsinkable : the full story of the RMS Titanic . USA : Da Capo Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 306 - 81110 - 4 . Chernow , Ron ( 2010 ) . The House of Morgan : An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance . New York : Grove Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8021 - 4465 - 2 . Chirnside , Mark ( 2004 ) . The Olympic - Class Ships . Stroud , England : Tempus . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 2868 - 0 . Crosbie , Duncan ; Mortimer , Sheila ( 2006 ) . Titanic : The Ship of Dreams . New York , NY : Orchard Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 439 - 89995 - 6 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1987 ) . Titanic : Destination Disaster : The Legends and the Reality . Wellingborough , UK : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 0 - 00 - 732164 - 3 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1994 ) . Titanic : Triumph and Tragedy . Wellingborough , UK : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85260 - 493 - 6 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1995 ) . Titanic : Triumph and Tragedy . New York : W.W. Norton & Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 393 - 03697 - 8 . Eaton , John P. ; Haas , Charles A. ( 1999 ) . Titanic : A Journey Through Time . Sparkford , Somerset : Patrick Stephens . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85260 - 575 - 9 . Gill , Anton ( 2010 ) . Titanic : the real story of the construction of the world 's most famous ship . Channel 4 Books . ISBN 978 - 1 - 905026 - 71 - 5 . Halpern , Samuel ( 2011 ) . `` Account of the Ship 's Journey Across the Atlantic '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Halpern , Samuel ; Weeks , Charles ( 2011 ) . `` Description of the Damage to the Ship '' . In Halpern , Samuel . Report into the Loss of the SS Titanic : A Centennial Reappraisal . Stroud , UK : The History Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7524 - 6210 - 3 . Heyer , Paul ( 2012 ) . Titanic Century : Media , Myth , and the Making of a Cultural Icon . Santa Barbara , CA : ABC - CLIO . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 39815 - 5 . Howells , Richard ( 1999 ) . The Myth of the Titanic . United Kingdom : MacMillan Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 333 - 72597 - 9 . Hutchings , David F. ; de Kerbrech , Richard P. ( 2011 ) . RMS Titanic 1909 -- 12 ( Olympic Class ) : Owners ' Workshop Manual . Sparkford , Yeovil : Haynes . ISBN 978 - 1 - 84425 - 662 - 4 . Landau , Elaine ( 2001 ) . Heroine of the Titanic : The Real Unsinkable Molly Brown . New York . pp. 22 -- 23 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 395 - 93912 - 3 . Lord , Walter ( 1976 ) . A Night to Remember . London : Penguin Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 14 - 004757 - 8 . Lord , Walter ( 1997 ) ( 1955 ) . A Night to Remember ( 3rd ed . ) . New York : Henry Holt and Company . ISBN 978 - 0 - 553 - 27827 - 9 . Lord , Walter ( 2005 ) ( 1955 ) . A Night to Remember . New York : St. Martin 's Griffin . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8050 - 7764 - 3 . Lynch , Don ( 1992 ) . Titanic : An Illustrated History . New York : Hyperion . ISBN 978 - 1 - 56282 - 918 - 6 . Maniera , Leyla ( 2003 ) . Christie 's Century of Teddy Bears . London : Pavilion . ISBN 978 - 1 - 86205 - 595 - 7 . McCarty , Jennifer Hooper ; Foecke , Tim ( 2012 ) ( 2008 ) . What Really Sank The Titanic -- New Forensic Evidence . New York : Citadel . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8065 - 2895 - 3 . McCluskie , Tom ( 1998 ) . Anatomy of the Titanic . London : PRC Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85648 - 482 - 4 . Merideth , Lee W. ( 2003 ) . 1912 Facts About Titanic . Sunnyvale , CA : Rocklin Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9626237 - 9 - 0 . Mowbray , Jay Henry ( 1912 ) . Sinking of the Titanic . Harrisburg , PA : The Minter Company . OCLC 9176732 . Parisi , Paula ( 1998 ) . Titanic and the Making of James Cameron . New York : Newmarket Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55704 - 364 - 1 . Rasor , Eugene L. ( 2001 ) . The Titanic : historiography and annotated bibliography . Westport , CT : Greenwood Publishing Group . ISBN 978 - 0 - 313 - 31215 - 1 . Reade , Leslie ( 1993 ) . The Ship That Stood Still : The Californian and Her Mysterious Role in the Titanic Disaster . Edited by Edward de Groot . New York and London : W.W. Norton & Company . ISBN 9780393035377 . Spignesi , Stephen J. ( 1998 ) . The Complete Titanic : From the Ship 's Earliest Blueprints to the Epic Film . Secaucus , New Jersey : Birch Lane Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 55972 - 483 - 8 . Spignesi , Stephen J. ( 2012 ) . The Titanic For Dummies . Hoboken , NJ : John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 978 - 1 - 118 - 20651 - 5 . Verhoeven , John D. ( 2007 ) . Steel Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist . Materials Park , OH : ASM International . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87170 - 858 - 8 . Ward , Greg ( 2012 ) . The Rough Guide to the Titanic . London : Rough Guides Ltd . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4053 - 8699 - 9 . Wels , Susan ( 1997 ) . Titanic : Legacy of the World 's Greatest Ocean Liner . Del Mar , California : Tehabi Books . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7835 - 5261 - 3 . Journals and news articles : Broad , William J. ( 8 April 1997 ) . `` Toppling Theories , Scientists Find 6 Slits , Not Big Gash , Sank Titanic '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 5 November 2011 . Broad , William J. ( 15 April 2008 ) . `` In Weak Rivets , a Possible Key to Titanic 's Doom '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 13 March 2012 . Canfield , Clarke ( 8 March 2012 ) . `` Full Titanic site mapped for 1st time '' . The Associated Press . Retrieved 9 March 2012 . Felkins , Katherine ; Leighly , HP ; Jankovic , A ( 1998 ) , `` The Royal Mail Ship Titanic : Did a Metallurgical Failure Cause a Night to Remember ? '' , JOM , Minerals , Metals & Materials Society , 50 ( 1 ) : 12 -- 18 , doi : 10.1007 / s11837 - 998 - 0062 - 7 Ryan , Paul R. ( Winter 1985 -- 1986 ) . `` The Titanic Tale '' . Oceanus . Woods Hole , MA : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . 4 ( 28 ) . `` New Titanic Belfast complex opens '' . BBC News . 31 March 2012 . Retrieved 9 April 2012 . Investigations : `` Report on the Loss of the `` Titanic . '' ( s.s. ) `` . British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , Final Report ( Watertight Compartments ) . 30 July 1912 . Retrieved 14 April 2012 . Mersey , Lord ( 1999 ) ( 1912 ) . The Loss of the Titanic , 1912 . The Stationery Office . ISBN 978 - 0 - 11 - 702403 - 8 . External links Listen to this article ( info / dl ) This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` RMS Titanic '' dated 2005 - 12 - 10 , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article . ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Wikiquote has quotations related to : RMS Titanic Wikimedia Commons has media related to RMS Titanic . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Titanic ( ship , 1912 ) . Wikisource has original text related to this article : RMS Titanic Wikivoyage has a travel guide for RMS Titanic . RMS Titanic , Inc , exclusive steward of RMS Titanic Titanic Historical Society RMS Titanic at DMOZ RMS Titanic on Facebook Collection of Marconigram radio messages related to the Titanic `` Titanic collected news and commentary '' . The Guardian . New York Times coverage of the Titanic RMS Titanic : 100 Years Later -- An Online Newspaper Exhibition at Library of Virginia Titanic Footage and Survivors Interviews -- YouTube Titanic Disaster -- Genuine Footage 1911 -- 1912 -- British Pathe References to the Titanic in European Historic Newspapers Rare Postcard from the Titanic RMS Titanic First class facilities Second and Third class facilities Grand Staircase Animals aboard Musicians Sinking Alternative theories Changes in safety practices Legends and myths Lifeboats Lifeboat No. 1 British inquiry US inquiry Wreck of Titanic Maritime Memorial Act Deck officers Edward J. Smith ( Captain ) Henry Tingle Wilde ( Chief Officer ) William McMaster Murdoch ( First Officer ) Charles H. Lightoller ( Second Officer ) Herbert Pitman ( Third Officer ) Joseph G. Boxhall ( Fourth Officer ) Harold G. Lowe ( Fifth Officer ) James Paul Moody ( Sixth Officer ) Crew members Harold Bride William Denton Cox Sid Daniels Alfred Frank Evans Frederick Fleet Luigi Gatti Robert Hichens Violet Jessop Charles Joughin Reginald Lee Evelyn Marsden William Mintram Jack Phillips George Symons Passengers Fatalities Thomas Andrews John Jacob Astor IV David John Bowen Archibald Butt Thomas Byles Walter Donald Douglas Edith Corse Evans Annie Funk Jacques Futrelle Sidney Leslie Goodwin Benjamin Guggenheim John Harper Wallace Hartley Charles Melville Hays Edward Austin Kent Joseph Philippe Lemercier Laroche Francis Davis Millet Harry Markland Molson Michel Navratil Eino Viljami Panula W.T. Stead Ida Straus Isidor Straus John Borland Thayer Jr . Frank M. Warren , Sr . George Dennick Wick George Dunton Widener Harry Elkins Widener Duane Williams George Henry Wright Survivors Rhoda Abbott Madeleine Astor Lawrence Beesley Karl Behr Dickinson Bishop Mauritz Håkan Björnström - Steffansson Elsie Bowerman Francis Browne Margaret `` Molly '' Brown Daniel Buckley Helen Churchill Candee Charlotte Drake Cardeza Lucile Carter Gladys Cherry Margaret Devaney Sir Cosmo Duff - Gordon Lucy , Lady Duff - Gordon Ethel Flora Fortune Dorothy Gibson Archibald Gracie IV Frank John William Goldsmith Henry S. Harper Margaret Bechstein Hays Masabumi Hosono J. Bruce Ismay Margaret Mannion Alfred Nourney Arthur Godfrey Peuchen Edith Rosenbaum Noël Leslie , Countess of Rothes Emily Ryerson Frederic Kimber Seward Eloise Hughes Smith Jack Thayer Marian Thayer R. Norris Williams Last living survivors Lillian Asplund Ruth Becker Alden Caldwell Millvina Dean Edith Haisman Eva Hart Eleanor Ileen Johnson Louise Laroche Louise Kink Michel Marcel Navratil Winnifred Quick Marjorie Newell Robb Beatrice Sandström Barbara West Other Allison family Monuments and memorials General Memorials and monuments to the RMS Titanic Australia Bandstand ( Ballarat ) United Kingdom Engine Room Heroes ( Liverpool ) Engineers ( Southampton ) Musicians ( Southampton ) Titanic ( Belfast ) Orchestra ( Liverpool ) United States Straus Park ( New York City ) Titanic ( New York City ) Titanic ( Washington , D.C. ) Butt - Millet Memorial Fountain ( Washington , D.C. ) Popular culture Books Futility , or the Wreck of the Titan ( 1898 ) A Night to Remember ( book ) Polar the Titanic Bear Films Saved from the Titanic ( 1912 ) In Nacht und Eis ( 1912 ) Atlantic ( 1929 ) Titanic ( 1943 ) Titanic ( 1953 ) A Night to Remember ( 1958 ) The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( 1964 ) Raise the Titanic ( 1980 ) Secrets of the Titanic ( 1986 ) Ghostbusters II ( 1989 ) Titanica ( 1992 ) Titanic ( 1997 ) The Legend of the Titanic ( 1999 ) Titanic : The Legend Goes On ( 2000 ) Ghosts of the Abyss ( 2003 ) Titanic II ( 2010 ) Television S.O.S. Titanic ( 1979 ) Titanic : The Complete Story ( 1994 ) Titanic ( 1996 ) No Greater Love ( 1996 ) `` A Flight to Remember '' ( Futurama ) ( 1999 ) Titanic ( 2012 ) Titanic : Blood and Steel ( 2012 ) Music `` The Titanic ( It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down ) '' ( folk song ) The Sinking of the Titanic ( music composition ) Titanic ( musical ) The Unsinkable Molly Brown ( musical ) `` My Heart Will Go On '' ( song ) `` Nearer , My God , to Thee '' ( song ) Video games Titanic : Adventure Out of Time ( 1996 ) Titanic : Honor and Glory ( 2017 ) Museums and exhibitions SeaCity Museum ( Southampton ) Titanic Museum ( Branson , Missouri ) Titanic Museum ( Pigeon Forge , Tennessee ) Maritime Museum of the Atlantic ( Halifax ) Titanic Belfast Places Titanic ( Canada ) Titanic Canyon Titanic Quarter , Belfast Cape Race , Newfoundland Fairview Cemetery , Halifax , Nova Scotia Mount Olivet Cemetery ( Halifax ) Related Titanic Historical Society Encyclopedia Titanica Halomonas titanicae Women and children first SOS RMS Carpathia RMS Olympic HMHS Britannic Robert Ballard Replica Titanic Titanic II Olympic - class ocean liners RMS Olympic ( 1910 ) RMS Titanic ( 1911 ) HMHS Britannic ( 1914 ) See also : Replica Titanic , Titanic II Last remaining survivors of the RMS Titanic disaster 2000 -- 2009 Millvina Dean ( 1912 -- 2009 ) Barbara West ( 1911 -- 2007 ) Lillian Asplund ( 1906 -- 2006 ) Winnifred Quick ( 1904 -- 2002 ) Michel Navratil ( 1908 -- 2001 ) 1995 -- 1999 Eleanor Johnson ( 1910 -- 1998 ) Louise Laroche ( 1910 -- 1998 ) Edith Brown ( 1896 -- 1997 ) Eva Hart ( 1905 -- 1996 ) Beatrice Sandström ( 1910 -- 1995 ) 1990 -- 1994 Robertha `` Bertha '' Watt ( 1899 -- 1993 ) Ellen Shine ( 1891 -- 1993 ) Marjorie Newell ( 1889 -- 1992 ) Louise Kink ( 1908 -- 1992 ) Bertram Dean ( 1910 -- 1992 ) Alden Caldwell ( 1911 -- 1992 ) Michael Joseph ( 1907 -- 1991 ) Frank `` Philip '' Aks ( 1911 -- 1991 ) George Touma ( 1904 -- 1991 ) Anna `` Annie '' McGowan ( 1897 -- 1990 ) Ruth 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1936 ) RMS Queen Elizabeth ( 1940 ) MS Sovereign of the Seas ( 1987 ) MS Sun Princess ( 1995 ) MS Carnival Sunshine ( 1996 ) MS Grand Princess ( 1997 ) MS Voyager of the Seas ( 1999 ) MS Explorer of the Seas ( 2000 ) MS Navigator of the Seas ( 2002 ) RMS Queen Mary 2 ( 2004 ) MS Freedom of the Seas / MS Liberty of the Seas / MS Independence of the Seas ( 2006 ) MS Oasis of the Seas ( 2009 ) MS Allure of the Seas ( 2010 ) MS Harmony of the Seas ( 2016 ) White Star Line ships Surviving ships Nomadic ( 1911 ) Planned Olympic ( order cancelled ) Oceanic ( never completed ) Former ships Red Jacket ( 1853 ) Blue Jacket ( 1854 ) Tayleur ( 1854 ) Oceanic ( 1870 ) Atlantic ( 1871 ) Baltic ( 1871 ) Tropic ( 1871 ) Asiatic ( 1871 ) Republic ( 1872 ) Adriatic ( 1872 ) Celtic ( 1872 ) Traffic ( 1872 ) Gaelic ( 1872 ) Belgic ( 1873 ) Britannic ( 1874 ) Germanic ( 1875 ) Arabic ( 1881 ) Coptic ( 1881 ) Ionic ( 1883 ) Doric ( 1883 ) Belgic ( 1885 ) Gaelic ( 1885 ) Cufic ( 1888 ) Runic ( 1889 ) 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Delphic ( 1925 ) Regina ( 1925 ) Albertic ( 1927 ) Calgaric ( 1927 ) Laurentic ( 1927 ) Britannic ( 1929 ) Georgic ( 1931 ) Ships that were lost on their maiden voyage Naval ships Vasa ( 1628 ) Galera Victoria ( 1729 ) Georgiana ( 1863 ) Flach ( 1866 ) Grosser Kurfürst ( 1878 ) Posidonia ( 1940 ) Bismarck ( 1941 ) Dinsdale ( 1942 ) Shinano ( 1944 ) Passenger ships and cargo liners Amazon ( 1851 ) City of Philadelphia ( 1854 ) New Era ( 1854 ) Tayleur ( 1854 ) Castilian ( 1899 ) Titanic ( 1912 ) Georges Philippar ( 1932 ) Magdalena ( 1949 ) Hans Hedtoft ( 1959 ) Zenobia ( 1980 ) Cargo ships Batavia ( 1629 ) Vansittart ( 1719 ) Fortuyn ( 1723 ) Zeewijk ( 1727 ) Amsterdam ( 1749 ) Royal Captain ( 1773 ) Hartwell ( 1787 ) Carrier Pigeon ( 1852 ) Crescent City ( 1871 ) Catherine Griffiths ( 1875 ) Queensmore ( 1889 ) Irex ( 1890 ) Brecknockshire ( 1916 ) Dumaru ( 1918 ) Mecanicien Donzel ( 1918 ) Hastier ( 1919 ) Treveal ( 1920 ) Adolf Vinnen ( 1923 ) Île de Los ( 1935 ) Joseph Medill ( 1935 ) Mim ( 1939 ) Empire Thunder ( 1941 ) Michael E ( 1941 ) Alexander Macomb ( 1942 ) Derryheen ( 1942 ) Empire Clough ( 1942 ) Empire Drum ( 1942 ) Empire Dryden ( 1942 ) Empire Spenser ( 1942 ) Fort Good Hope ( 1942 ) Fort la Reine ( 1942 ) George Calvert ( 1942 ) George Thatcher ( 1942 ) Sam Houston ( 1942 ) San Victorio ( 1942 ) Stangarth ( 1942 ) Stephen Hopkins ( 1942 ) Bloody Marsh ( 1943 ) Empire Florizel ( 1943 ) Fort Cedar Lake ( 1943 ) Haakon Jarl ( 1943 ) John Morgan ( 1943 ) J. Pinckney Henderson ( 1943 ) Kherzon ( 1943 ) Matt W. Ransom ( 1943 ) Molly Pitcher ( 1943 ) Fort Crevier ( 1944 ) John A. Treutlen ( 1944 ) Union Star ( 1981 ) Ranga ( 1982 ) Reijin ( 1988 ) Racing yachts Mohawk ( 1876 ) 1 = Due to enemy action . 2 = Maiden revenue - earning voyage . 3 = Constructive total loss Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1912 Shipwrecks 2 Feb : HMS A3 29 Feb : H.K. Bedford 12 Mar : Oceana 20 Mar : Koombana 2 Apr : USS Santee 15 Apr : Titanic ( sinking ) 12 May : HMS A3 May ( unknown date ) : USS Pensacola 8 Jun : Vendémiaire 26 Jun : Naniwa 8 Aug : HMS Holland 5 17 Aug : Leafield 1 Sep : HMS Waterwitch 28 Sep : Kiche Maru 4 Oct : HMS B2 16 Oct : Ralph Creyke , Nicaragua 22 Oct : SS Keystorm 31 Oct : Feth - i Bülend 23 Nov : Rouse Simmons 28 Nov : Friendship Unknown date : City of Adelaide , Fox Other incidents 18 Jan : Sarah Dixon 2 Feb : HMS Hazard 12 Mar : Pisagua 14 - 15 Apr : Californian 2 Jun : Friendship , Derwent 8 Jun : Saint Louis 16 Aug : Camano , Sioux 4 Oct : Amerika 12 Oct : Arabia December ( unknown date ) : Lady Elizabeth , Pelayo 1911 1913 Coordinates : 41 ° 43 ′ 57 '' N 49 ° 56 ′ 49 '' W / 41.73250 ° N 49.94694 ° W / 41.73250 ; - 49.94694 VIAF : 264840228 LCCN : n50082026 GND : 4121777 - 9 NLA : 52369553 IATH : w6zk9cf5 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RMS_Titanic&oldid=797510434 '' Categories : Maritime incidents in 1912 RMS Titanic 1910s in Newfoundland 1911 ships 1912 in Canada 1912 in the United Kingdom 1912 in the United States Deaths by drowning Deaths due to shipwreck Four funnel liners History of Halifax , Nova Scotia Olympic - class ocean liners Passenger ships of the United Kingdom Ship collisions with icebergs Ships built by Harland and Wolff Ships built in Belfast Ships of Ireland Ships of the White Star Line Ships sunk in collisions Shipwrecks of the Newfoundland and Labrador coast Steamships of the United Kingdom Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013 Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2012 Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL CS1 maint : BOT : original - url status unknown Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely move - protected pages Use British English from July 2014 Use dmy dates from April 2017 Pages using deprecated image syntax Articles needing additional references from April 2017 All articles needing additional references Spoken articles Articles with hAudio microformats Articles with DMOZ links Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers Talk View source Contents About Wikipedia Wikinews Wikiquote Wikivoyage Afrikaans অসমীয়া Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Bikol Central Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Corsu Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Føroyskt Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nāhuatl Nederlands Nedersaksies 日本 語 Нохчийн Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Papiamentu ភាសា ខ្មែរ Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла Sámegiella Scots Seeltersk Shqip සිංහල Simple English سنڌي Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Taqbaylit Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Vèneto Tiếng Việt 文言 Winaray ייִדיש 粵語 Zeêuws 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 August 2017 , at 14 : 10 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who was sailing the titanic when it crashed | ['Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith, who also went down with the ship. The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States. The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger "marconigrams" and for the ship\'s operational use. Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, there were not enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard, due to outdated maritime safety regulations. Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people—slightly more than half of the number on board, and one third of her total capacity.'] | ['Edward Smith'] | Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith, who also went down with the ship. The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States. The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger "marconigrams" and for the ship's operational use. Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, there were not enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard, due to outdated maritime safety regulations. Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people—slightly more than half of the number on board, and one third of her total capacity. |
[question]: What was the name of the ship that sank in 1912?
[answer]: The name of the ship that sank in 1912 was the Titanic. | What was the name of the ship that sank in 1912? | The name of the ship that sank in 1912 was the Titanic. | 1 | 7.334675 | 12 | 149 | 1 |
4,201 | -227,207,778,282,118,620 | With a Little Help from My Friends | With a Little Help from My Friends - wikipedia With a Little Help from My Friends Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song . For the albums , see With a Little Help from My Friends ( Joe Cocker album ) and With a Little Help from My Friends ( Neal Morse album ) . For the album by The Flaming Lips , see With a Little Help from My Fwends . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Song by the Beatles from the album Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Released 26 May 1967 Recorded EMI Studios 29 -- 30 March 1967 Genre Pop rock , psychedelic pop Length 2 : 44 Label Parlophone PMC 7027 ( mono ) , PCS 7027 ( stereo ) Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Producer ( s ) George Martin `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by the Beatles B - side `` A Day in the Life '' Released 14 August 1978 ( US ) 30 September 1978 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded February -- March 1967 Length 4 : 46 Label Capitol 4612 ( US ) Parlophone R6022 ( UK ) Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney The Beatles UK singles chronology `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' ( 1976 ) `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' ( 1976 ) `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) The Beatles US singles chronology `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' ( 1976 ) Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da 1976 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band With a Little Help from My Friends1978 `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) The Beatles Movie Medley 1982 `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney , and intended as the album 's featured vocal for drummer Ringo Starr . The group recorded the song towards the end of the sessions for Sgt . Pepper , with Starr singing as the character `` Billy Shears '' . A subsequent recording of the track by Joe Cocker became a hit single in 1968 and an anthem for the Woodstock era . In 1978 , the Beatles ' recording , paired with `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' , was reissued as a single , and peaked at number 63 in Britain and number 71 in the United States . Starr has regularly performed the song in concert as a solo artist . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was ranked number 311 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . Contents ( hide ) 1 Origins 2 Recording 3 Personnel 4 Live performances 5 Cover versions 6 Joe Cocker version 7 In popular culture 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Origins Lennon and McCartney finished writing this song in mid-March 1967 , written specifically as Starr 's track for the album . McCartney said : `` It was pretty much co-written , John and I doing a work song for Ringo , a little craft job . '' In 1970 Lennon stated : `` Paul had the line about ' a little help from my friends . ' He had some kind of structure for it , and we wrote it pretty well fifty - fifty from his original idea . '' , but in 1980 Lennon said : `` This is Paul , with a little help from me . ' What do you see when you turn out the light / I ca n't tell you , but I know it 's mine ... ' is mine . '' It was briefly called `` Bad Finger Boogie '' ( later the inspiration for the band name Badfinger ) , supposedly because Lennon composed the melody on a piano using his middle finger after having hurt his forefinger . The song begins with the applause from the end of Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . Lennon and McCartney deliberately wrote a tune with a limited range -- except for the last note , which McCartney worked closely with Starr to achieve . Speaking in the Anthology , Starr explained that he insisted on changing the first line -- which originally was `` What would you think if I sang out of tune ? Would you throw ripe tomatoes at me ? '' -- so that fans would not throw tomatoes at him should he perform it live . ( In the early days , after George Harrison made a passing comment that he liked jelly babies , the group was showered with them at all of their live performances . ) The song 's composition is unusually well documented , as Hunter Davies was present and described the writing process in the Beatles ' official biography . The song is partly in the form of a conversation in which the other three Beatles sing a question -- e.g. `` Would you believe in a love at first sight ? '' where Starr answers , `` Yes , I 'm certain that it happens all the time . '' Recording The Beatles began recording the song on 29 March 1967 , the day before they posed for the Sgt . Pepper album cover . They recorded 10 takes of the song , wrapping up sessions at 5 : 45 in the morning . The backing track consisted of Starr on drums , McCartney playing piano , Harrison playing lead guitar and Lennon beating a cowbell . At dawn , Starr trudged up the stairs to head home -- but the other Beatles cajoled him into doing his lead vocal then and there , standing around the microphone for moral support . The following day they added tambourine , backing vocals , bass and more electric guitar . Personnel According to Ian MacDonald , except where noted : Ringo Starr -- lead vocal , drums John Lennon -- backing vocal , cowbell Paul McCartney -- backing vocal , piano , bass guitar George Harrison -- backing vocal , rhythm and lead guitars George Martin -- Hammond organ Live performances To date , Starr has closed every concert performed by each version of his All - Starr Band with this song . After he is done singing , Starr tells the audience `` Peace and love ... peace and love is the only way ... and good night '' , then walks off the stage . Since 2008 , the band segued right into `` Give Peace a Chance '' , during which Starr comes back onstage , then walks off again . Starr performed the song with George Harrison , Eric Clapton , Bruce Springsteen , George Michael , Phil Collins , Elton John , and many others at the 1987 Prince 's Trust Concert at Wembley Arena , London . McCartney and Starr performed this song for the first time together at the David Lynch Foundation Benefit Concert in the Radio City Music Hall , New York on 4 April 2009 . McCartney and Starr also performed the song together on `` The Night That Changed America : A Grammy Salute to The Beatles '' , a commemorative show on 27 January 2014 , that marked 50 years since the band 's first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. , then again in 2015 at Ringo Starr 's induction in the Rock'n Roll Hall of Fame . Cover versions There have been at least 50 cover versions of the song and it has achieved the number one position on the British singles charts three times : by Joe Cocker in 1968 , Wet Wet Wet in 1988 , and by Sam & Mark in 2004 . Chris Clark , the first white female recording artist to have an album released on Motown , recorded the song for her second album , 1969 's CC Rides Again . The song was also covered by Mumford & Sons and Dawes on the Tour of Two Halves in 2012 . Mumford & Sons also covered the song to close out their headline set at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival with Vampire Weekend , The Vaccines , First Aid Kit , and The Staves on 30 June 2013 . For the 1981 compilation Rarities , the Beach Boys released their version recorded in 1967 , while in 2015 , Brian Wilson named it one of his favorite songs , and in that year German rock band Bonfire , with new frontman David Reece , recorded their version for the album Glörious . Widespread Panic has performed the song twice , both times during their special 3 - Set New Year 's Eve shows . In March 2017 , Broadway and Hollywood artists including Liz Callaway , FORTE , Annie Golden , Telly Leung and Chris Mann performed a gospel - flavored version of the song for a single and video to benefit Americans for the Arts . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by Joe Cocker from the album With a Little Help from My Friends B - side `` Something 's Coming On '' Released October 1968 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded 1968 Genre Blues rock , hard rock , soul Length 5 : 11 Label Regal Zonophone Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Joe Cocker singles chronology `` Marjorine '' ( 1968 ) Marjorine1968 `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1968 ) With a Little Help from My Friends1968 `` Delta Lady '' ( 1969 ) Delta Lady1969 Audio sample file help Joe Cocker version English singer Joe Cocker 's version of `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was a radical re-arrangement of the original , in a slower , meter , using different chords in the middle eight , and a lengthy instrumental introduction ( featuring drums by Procol Harum 's B.J. Wilson , guitar lines from Jimmy Page , and organ by Tommy Eyre ) . Cocker performed the song at Woodstock in 1969 and that performance was included in the documentary film , Woodstock . This version gained even more fame when it was used as the opening theme song for the television series The Wonder Years . Cocker 's cover was ranked number two in UpVenue 's top 10 best music covers of all time in 2009 . In 2014 , a BBC poll saw it voted the seventh best cover version ever . The version heard in the film Across the Universe segues from the original to Cocker 's arrangement at the end of the song . In 2001 , Cocker 's version of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . Personnel Joe Cocker -- lead vocals Jimmy Page -- guitar Chris Stainton -- bass Tommy Eyre -- organ B.J. Wilson -- drums Madeline Bell -- backing vocals Rosetta Hightower -- backing vocals Patrice Holloway -- backing vocals Sunny Wheetman -- backing vocals `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by Wet Wet Wet from the album Sgt . Pepper Knew My Father A-side `` She 's Leaving Home '' ( performed by Billy Bragg ) Released 9 May 1988 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded Genre Pop Label PolyGram Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Wet Wet Wet singles chronology `` Temptation '' ( 1988 ) `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` String Module Error : Match not found '' ( 1988 ) `` Sweet Surrender '' ( 1989 ) `` Temptation '' ( 1988 ) `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` She 's Leaving Home '' ( Billy Bragg and Cara Tivey ) ( 1988 ) `` Sweet Surrender '' ( 1989 ) In popular culture Janice sang this song as an opening number to an episode of The Muppet Show where other members of Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem were pretending to rescue her from a Hindu human sacrifice . Sesame Street spoofed this song as `` With a Little Yelp from My Friends '' , sung by a dog named Moe Cocker , who spoofs Joe Cocker , and the arrangement is clearly based on Cocker 's version . The Animaniacs sketch Woodstock Slappy features Joe Cocker singing the song . The song was featured in the EastEnders 2007 Children in Need sketch where the cast sang to famous Beatles songs , the song was the last to be sung by the cast with the characters of Ronnie Mitchell , Roxy Mitchell , Chelsea Fox , Carly Wicks , Jane Beale , Lucy Beale , Peter Beale , Ben Mitchell , Zainab Masood , Masood Ahmed , Honey Mitchell , Dawn Swann and Mickey Miller singing the majority of the song . The Joe Cocker version was used as the title music for the 1988 -- 1993 television series The Wonder Years . The Cocker version appears in a 2017 TV commercial for Volkswagen . `` Lend me your ears '' is a Shakespearean reference , taken from the `` Friends , Romans , countrymen '' speech in Julius Caesar and used at the time as a popular way of asking people to listen . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was played as wake - up music on Space Shuttle Mission STS - 61 . On Saturday Night Live , Season - 1 Ep. 3 : John Belushi performed a full - length impression of Cocker singing this song . The cult PBS film The Lathe of Heaven ( from 1980 ) uses the original recording of the song . The main character ( George Orr ) , who can manipulate reality with his dreams , comes upon a 45 of the song at a novelty shop run by an alien . The alien hands George the 45 saying `` Help is available . '' The song plays in the soundtrack and morphs into a synthesizer version . The film was out of circulation for over 20 years . When it was finally re-aired on PBS and released on DVD in 2001 , many fans were upset that the original Beatles recording was replaced by a singer with an acoustic guitar . This was due to changes in publishing rights that have occurred since 1980 involving the dissolution of The Beatles ' original Northern Songs and the acquisition by Sony / ATV ( partly owned by the Jackson family ) . Notes Jump up ^ Everett 1999 , p. 123 . `` In the United Kingdom Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ... was rush - released six days ahead of its official date , June 1 . '' Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005 , p. 247 . Jump up ^ Dowlding 1989 , p. 165 . ^ Jump up to : `` 100 Greatest Beatles Songs . No. 61 -- ' With a Little Help From My Friends ' '' . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Matovina 2000 . Jump up ^ The Beatles 2000 , p. 242 . ^ Jump up to : Lewisohn 1988 , p. 106 . Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005 , p. 246 . Jump up ^ Everett 1999 , p. 102 . Jump up ^ `` With a Little Help From My Friends '' . Retrieved 11 November 2017 Jump up ^ `` Paul McCartney and Friends : Change Begins Within '' . Radio City Music Hall . New York , NY : Madison Square Garden . Archived from the original on 21 January 2010 . Retrieved 27 March 2010 . Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEGwjAKK5z4 Jump up ^ `` Song : With a Little Help From My Friends -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney '' . Second Hand Songs . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 1960s '' . everyHit.com . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 1980s '' . everyHit.com . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 2000s '' . everyHit.com. 16 March 2000 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mumford & Sons Get a Little Help From Their Friends for Glastonbury Finale '' . 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 1 July 2013 . Jump up ^ bradelliott.com 1983 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Brian ( May 8 , 2015 ) . `` Brian Wilson : The Music That Made Me '' . Rolling Stone . Jump up ^ `` Everyday Companion '' . Jump up ^ Kaufman , Gil ( March 23 , 2017 ) . `` Broadway Stars Come Together For All - Star Single ' With a Little Help from My Friends ' to Support the Arts '' . Billboard . Retrieved March 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Parrott , Billy ( 9 August 2013 ) . `` The Wonder Years : Music and References from Season One '' . The New York Public Library . Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 . Jump up ^ UpVenue.com 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Pet Shop Boys ' Always On My Mind tops cover version vote '' . BBC News . 27 October 2014 . Retrieved 28 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Grammy Hall of Fame Award . Grammy.org Retrieved 21 December 2012 Jump up ^ Sesame Street -- With a Little YELP from my Friends on YouTube Jump up ^ Fries 2009 . Jump up ^ `` SNL Season 01 Episode 03 - Rob Reiner , John Belushi as Joe Cocker - NBC.com '' . NBC . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 05 . References The Beatles ( 2000 ) . The Beatles Anthology . San Francisco : Chronicle Books . ISBN 0 - 8118 - 2684 - 8 . Chianello , Joanne ( 2 October 2009 ) . `` Harper gets on stage with a little help from his wife '' . Ottawa Citizen . Archived from the original on 6 October 2009 . Retrieved 2 October 2009 . Dowlding , William J. ( 1989 ) . Beatlesongs . New York : Simon & Schuster . ISBN 0 - 671 - 68229 - 6 . Everett , Walter ( 1999 ) . The Beatles as Musicians : Revolver Through the Anthology . Oxford University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 512941 - 0 . Fries , Colin , ed. ( 30 November 2009 ) . `` Chronology of Wakeup Calls '' ( PDF ) . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Lewisohn , Mark ( 1988 ) . The Beatles Recording Sessions . New York : Harmony Books . ISBN 0 - 517 - 57066 - 1 . MacDonald , Ian ( 2005 ) . Revolution in the Head : The Beatles ' Records and the Sixties ( Second Revised ed . ) . London : Pimlico ( Rand ) . ISBN 1 - 84413 - 828 - 3 . Matovina , Dan ( 2000 ) . Without You : The Tragic Story of Badfinger . Frances Glover Books . ISBN 0 - 9657122 - 2 - 2 . Apple 's Neil Aspinall remembers , `` ( ... ) Badfinger just popped in my head . It was from an old Lennon thing . He was playing the piano and he had a bad finger so he called the piece he was playing ' Bad Finger Boogie ' ( which evolved into ' With A Little Help From My Friends ' ) `` Original liner notes for Capitol 's Beach Boys Rarities album '' . bradelliott.com. 1983 . `` Ringo Starr -- With a Little Help from My Friends '' . The Daily Show with Jon Stewart . 13 January 2010 . Kilpatrick , Sean ( 4 October 2009 ) . `` Stephen Harper rocks out '' . thestar.com . Toronto . Retrieved 22 October 2009 . `` UpVenue Top 10 Best Music Covers '' . UpVenue.com. 2010 . External links Quotations related to Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Wikiquote How B.J. Wilson Rescued a Classic Joe Cocker Track ( page about B.J. Wilson and Joe Cocker 's recording of the song ) Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Songs Side one `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds '' `` Getting Better '' `` Fixing a Hole '' `` She 's Leaving Home '' `` Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite ! '' Side two `` Within You Without You '' `` When I 'm Sixty - Four '' `` Lovely Rita '' `` Good Morning Good Morning '' `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( Reprise ) '' `` A Day in the Life '' Non-album single `` Strawberry Fields Forever '' `` Penny Lane '' Outtakes `` Only a Northern Song '' `` Carnival of Light '' Tribute albums Easy Star 's Lonely Hearts Dub Band Sgt . Pepper Knew My Father Sgt . Pepper Live Sgt . Petsound 's Lonely Hearts Club Band With a Little Help from My Fwends Related articles The Beatles discography Sgt . Pepper 's cover Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( film ) Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( soundtrack ) It Was Twenty Years Ago Today Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band on the Road Yellow Submarine ( film ) `` Tina in the Sky with Diamonds '' Please Please Me With the Beatles A Hard Day 's Night Beatles for Sale Help ! Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Magical Mystery Tour The Beatles ( White Album ) Yellow Submarine Abbey Road Let It Be Past Masters The Beatles singles discography UK and US ( all labels ) 1963 `` Please Please Me '' / `` Ask Me Why '' `` From Me to You '' / `` Thank You Girl '' `` She Loves You '' / `` I 'll Get You '' 1964 `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' / `` You Ca n't Do That '' `` I Feel Fine '' / `` She 's a Woman '' 1965 `` Ticket to Ride '' / `` Yes It Is '' `` Help ! '' / `` I 'm Down '' `` We Can Work It Out '' / `` Day Tripper '' 1966 `` Paperback Writer '' / `` Rain '' `` Yellow Submarine '' / `` Eleanor Rigby '' 1967 `` Penny Lane '' / `` Strawberry Fields Forever '' `` All You Need Is Love '' / `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' `` Hello , Goodbye '' / `` I Am the Walrus '' 1968 `` Lady Madonna '' / `` The Inner Light '' `` Hey Jude '' / `` Revolution '' 1969 `` Get Back '' / `` Do n't Let Me Down '' `` The Ballad of John and Yoko '' / `` Old Brown Shoe '' `` Something '' / `` Come Together '' 1970 `` Let It Be '' / `` You Know My Name ( Look Up the Number ) '' 1978 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band / With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` A Day in the Life '' 1982 `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' / `` I 'm Happy Just to Dance with You '' 1995 `` Free as a Bird '' / `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' `` Real Love '' / `` Baby 's in Black '' UK only ( Parlophone , Apple ) 1962 `` My Bonnie '' / `` The Saints '' `` Love Me Do '' / `` P.S. I Love You '' 1963 `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' / `` This Boy '' 1964 `` Ai n't She Sweet '' / `` If You Love Me , Baby '' `` A Hard Day 's Night '' / `` Things We Said Today '' 1976 `` Yesterday '' / `` I Should Have Known Better '' `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' / `` Twist and Shout '' US only ( Vee - Jay , Swan , Tollie , Capitol , Apple ) 1963 `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' / `` I Saw Her Standing There '' 1964 `` Twist and Shout '' / `` There 's a Place '' `` Do You Want to Know a Secret '' / `` Thank You Girl '' `` Love Me Do '' / `` P.S. I Love You '' `` Sie liebt dich '' / `` I 'll Get You '' `` I 'll Cry Instead '' / `` I 'm Happy Just to Dance with You '' `` And I Love Her '' / `` If I Fell '' `` A Hard Day 's Night '' / `` I Should Have Known Better '' `` Matchbox '' / `` Slow Down '' 1965 `` Eight Days a Week '' / `` I Do n't Want to Spoil the Party '' `` Yesterday '' / `` Act Naturally '' 1966 `` Nowhere Man '' / `` What Goes On '' 1970 `` The Long and Winding Road '' / `` For You Blue '' 1976 `` Got to Get You into My Life '' / `` Helter Skelter '' `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` Julia '' Other countries ( Odeon , Parlophone , Apple ) 1963 `` All My Loving '' / `` This Boy '' ( Canada ) 1964 `` Komm , gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich '' ( Germany ) 1966 `` Norwegian Wood ( This Bird Has Flown ) '' / `` Nowhere Man '' ( Australia ) 1968 `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' ( Europe , Japan , Australia ) `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` I Will '' ( Philippines ) `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' / `` Do n't Pass Me By '' ( Sweden ) 1969 `` You 're Going to Lose That Girl '' / `` Tell Me What You See '' ( Japan ) 1970 `` Oh ! Darling '' / `` Here Comes the Sun '' ( Japan ) 1972 `` All Together Now '' / `` Hey Bulldog '' ( Europe ) 1978 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band / With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` Within You Without You '' ( Germany ) Wet Wet Wet Graeme Clark Tommy Cunningham Neil Mitchell Marti Pellow Studio albums Popped In Souled Out The Memphis Sessions Holding Back the River High on the Happy Side Cloak & Dagger Picture This 10 Timeless Singles `` Wishing I Was Lucky '' `` Sweet Little Mystery '' `` Angel Eyes ( Home and Away ) '' `` Temptation '' `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' `` Sweet Surrender '' `` Broke Away '' `` Hold Back the River '' `` Goodnight Girl '' `` More than Love '' `` Lip Service '' `` Shed a Tear '' `` Cold Cold Heart '' `` Love Is All Around '' `` Julia Says '' `` Do n't Want to Forgive Me Now '' `` Somewhere Somehow '' `` If I Never See You Again '' `` Strange '' `` Yesterday / Maybe I 'm in Love '' `` Weightless '' Live albums Wet Wet Wet : Live Live at the Royal Albert Hall Compilations End of Part One : Their Greatest Hits The Greatest Hits Step by Step : The Greatest Hits Videos Live Glasgow Green Free Concert Wets at the Castle End of Part One Picture This - All Around and in the Crowd Playing Away at Home The Greatest Hits and More Related articles Discography Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends&oldid=843653697 '' Categories : 1967 songs 1968 singles 1988 singles The Beatles songs Songs about friendship Barbra Streisand songs Joe Cocker songs The Beach Boys songs The Muppets songs Number - one singles in Switzerland Sham 69 songs Song recordings produced by George Martin Songs written by Lennon -- McCartney UK Singles Chart number - one singles Wet Wet Wet songs Song recordings produced by Jeff Lynne Capitol Records singles Parlophone singles PolyGram singles Regal Zonophone Records singles Songs published by Northern Songs Hidden categories : Wikipedia semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from September 2014 EngvarB from September 2014 Articles with hAudio microformats Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Music infoboxes with Module : String errors All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Talk View source Contents Help About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara Français Italiano עברית ქართული Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt 12 more Edit links This page was last edited on 30 May 2018 , at 15 : 20 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who originally sang i get by with a little help from my friends | ['"With a Little Help from My Friends" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band. It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and intended as the album\'s featured vocal for drummer Ringo Starr. The group recorded the song towards the end of the sessions for Sgt. Pepper, with Starr singing as the character "Billy Shears".'] | ['the English rock band the Beatles'] | "With a Little Help from My Friends" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. It was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and intended as the album's featured vocal for drummer Ringo Starr. The group recorded the song towards the end of the sessions for Sgt. Pepper, with Starr singing as the character "Billy Shears". |
[question]: Who wrote the song "With a Little Help from My Friends"?
[answer]: The song "With a Little Help from My Friends" was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. | Who wrote the song "With a Little Help from My Friends"? | The song "With a Little Help from My Friends" was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. | 1 | 7.333507 | 17 | 69 | 1 |
28,384 | 8,645,405,709,125,794,000 | With a Little Help from My Friends | With a Little Help from My Friends - wikipedia With a Little Help from My Friends Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song . For the albums , see With a Little Help from My Friends ( Joe Cocker album ) and With a Little Help from My Friends ( Neal Morse album ) . For the album by The Flaming Lips , see With a Little Help from My Fwends . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Song by the Beatles from the album Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Released 26 May 1967 Recorded EMI Studios 29 -- 30 March 1967 Genre Pop rock , psychedelic pop Length 2 : 44 Label Parlophone PMC 7027 ( mono ) , PCS 7027 ( stereo ) Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Producer ( s ) George Martin `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by the Beatles B - side `` A Day in the Life '' Released 14 August 1978 ( US ) 30 September 1978 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded February -- March 1967 Length 4 : 46 Label Capitol 4612 ( US ) Parlophone R6022 ( UK ) Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney The Beatles UK singles chronology `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' ( 1976 ) `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' ( 1976 ) `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) The Beatles US singles chronology `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' ( 1976 ) Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da 1976 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' / `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1978 ) Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band With a Little Help from My Friends1978 `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' ( 1982 ) The Beatles Movie Medley 1982 `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' is a song by the Beatles , written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney from the album Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band issued worldwide in June 1967 . The song was written for and sung by the Beatles ' drummer Ringo Starr as the character `` Billy Shears '' . The song , paired with `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' and featuring `` A Day in the Life '' as its B - side , was reissued as a single in the U.S. in August 1978 ( # 71 ) and in the U.K. in September 1978 ( # 63 ) . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was ranked No. 311 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . Contents ( hide ) 1 Origins 2 Recording 3 Personnel 4 Live performances 5 Cover versions 6 Joe Cocker version 7 In popular culture 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links Origins ( edit ) Lennon and McCartney finished writing this song in mid-March 1967 , written specifically as Starr 's track for the album . McCartney said : `` It was pretty much co-written , John and I doing a work song for Ringo , a little craft job . '' In 1970 Lennon stated : `` Paul had the line about ' a little help from my friends . ' He had some kind of structure for it , and we wrote it pretty well fifty - fifty from his original idea . '' , but in 1980 Lennon said : `` This is Paul , with a little help from me . ' What do you see when you turn out the light / I ca n't tell you , but I know it 's mine ... ' is mine . '' It was briefly called `` Bad Finger Boogie '' ( later the inspiration for the band name Badfinger ) , supposedly because Lennon composed the melody on a piano using his middle finger after having hurt his forefinger . The song begins with the applause from the end of Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . Lennon and McCartney deliberately wrote a tune with a limited range -- except for the last note , which McCartney worked closely with Starr to achieve . Speaking in the Anthology , Starr explained that he insisted on changing the first line -- which originally was `` What would you think if I sang out of tune ? Would you throw ripe tomatoes at me ? '' -- so that fans would not throw tomatoes at him should he perform it live . ( In the early days , after George Harrison made a passing comment that he liked jelly babies , the group was showered with them at all of their live performances . ) The song 's composition is unusually well documented , as Hunter Davies was present and described the writing process in the Beatles ' official biography . The song is partly in the form of a conversation in which the other three Beatles sing a question -- e.g. `` Would you believe in a love at first sight ? '' where Starr answers , `` Yes , I 'm certain that it happens all the time . '' Recording ( edit ) The Beatles began recording the song on 29 March 1967 , the day before they posed for the Sgt . Pepper album cover . They recorded 10 takes of the song , wrapping up sessions at 5 : 45 in the morning . The backing track consisted of Starr on drums , McCartney playing piano , Harrison playing lead guitar and Lennon beating a cowbell . At dawn , Starr trudged up the stairs to head home -- but the other Beatles cajoled him into doing his lead vocal then and there , standing around the microphone for moral support . The following day they added tambourine , backing vocals , bass and more electric guitar . Personnel ( edit ) Ringo Starr -- lead vocal , drums , tambourine Paul McCartney -- backing vocal , bass , piano John Lennon -- backing vocal , cowbell George Harrison -- backing vocal , lead and rhythm guitars George Martin -- producer , Hammond organ Geoff Emerick -- engineer Personnel per Ian MacDonald Live performances ( edit ) To date , Starr has closed every concert performed by each version of his All - Starr Band with this song . After he is done singing , Starr tells the audience `` Peace and love ... peace and love is the only way ... and good night '' , then walks off the stage . Since 2008 , the band segued right into `` Give Peace a Chance '' , during which Starr comes back onstage , then walks off again . Starr performed the song with George Harrison , Eric Clapton , Bruce Springsteen , George Michael , Phil Collins , Elton John , and many others at the 1987 Prince 's Trust Concert at Wembley Arena , London . McCartney and Starr performed this song for the first time together at the David Lynch Foundation Benefit Concert in the Radio City Music Hall , New York on 4 April 2009 . McCartney and Starr also performed the song together on `` The Night That Changed America : A Grammy Salute to The Beatles '' , a commemorative show on 27 January 2014 , that marked 50 years since the band 's first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show . Cover versions ( edit ) There have been at least 50 cover versions of the song and it has achieved the number one position on the British singles charts three times : by Joe Cocker in 1968 , Wet Wet Wet in 1988 , and by Sam & Mark in 2004 . Chris Clark , the first white female recording artist to have an album released on Motown , recorded the song for her second album , 1969 's CC Rides Again . The song was also covered by Mumford & Sons and Dawes on the Tour of Two Halves in 2012 . Mumford & Sons also covered the song to close out their headline set at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival with Vampire Weekend , The Vaccines , First Aid Kit , and The Staves on 30 June 2013 . For the 1981 compilation Rarities , the Beach Boys released their version recorded in 1967 , while in 2015 , Brian Wilson named it one of his favorite songs , and in that year German rock band Bonfire , with new frontman David Reece , recorded their version for the album Glörious . Widespread Panic has performed the song twice , both times during their special 3 - Set New Year 's Eve shows . In March 2017 , Broadway and Hollywood artists including Liz Callaway , FORTE , Annie Golden , Telly Leung and Chris Mann performed a gospel - flavored version of the song for a single and video to benefit Americans for the Arts . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by Joe Cocker from the album With a Little Help from My Friends B - side `` Something 's Coming On '' Released October 1968 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded 1968 Genre Blues rock , hard rock , soul Length 5 : 11 Label Regal Zonophone Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Joe Cocker singles chronology `` Marjorine '' ( 1968 ) Marjorine1968 `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' ( 1968 ) With a Little Help from My Friends1968 `` Delta Lady '' ( 1969 ) Delta Lady1969 Audio sample file help Joe Cocker version ( edit ) English singer Joe Cocker 's version of `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was a radical re-arrangement of the original , in a slower , 6 8 meter , using different chords in the middle eight , and a lengthy instrumental introduction ( featuring drums by Procol Harum 's B.J. Wilson , guitar lines from Jimmy Page , and organ by Tommy Eyre ) . Cocker performed the song at Woodstock in 1969 and that performance was included in the documentary film , Woodstock . This version gained even more fame when it was used as the opening theme song for the television series The Wonder Years . Cocker 's cover was ranked number two in UpVenue 's top 10 best music covers of all time in 2009 . In 2014 , a BBC poll saw it voted the seventh best cover version ever . The version heard in the film Across the Universe segues from the original to Cocker 's arrangement at the end of the song . In 2001 , Cocker 's version of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . Personnel Joe Cocker -- lead vocals Jimmy Page -- guitar Chris Stainton -- bass Tommy Eyre -- organ B.J. Wilson -- drums Madeline Bell -- backing vocals Rosetta Hightower -- backing vocals Patrice Holloway -- backing vocals Sunny Wheetman -- backing vocals `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' Single by Wet Wet Wet from the album Sgt . Pepper Knew My Father A-side `` She 's Leaving Home '' ( performed by Billy Bragg ) Released 9 May 1988 ( UK ) Format 7 '' Recorded Genre Pop Label PolyGram Songwriter ( s ) Lennon -- McCartney Wet Wet Wet singles chronology `` Temptation '' ( 1988 ) `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` String Module Error : Match not found '' ( 1988 ) `` Sweet Surrender '' ( 1989 ) `` Temptation '' ( 1988 ) `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` She 's Leaving Home '' ( Billy Bragg and Cara Tivey ) ( 1988 ) `` Sweet Surrender '' ( 1989 ) In popular culture ( edit ) Janice sang this song as an opening number to an episode of The Muppet Show where other members of Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem were pretending to rescue her from a Hindu human sacrifice . Sesame Street spoofed this song as `` With a Little Yelp from My Friends '' , sung by a dog named Moe Cocker , who spoofs Joe Cocker , and the arrangement is clearly based on Cocker 's version . The Animaniacs sketch Woodstock Slappy features Joe Cocker singing the song . The song was featured in the EastEnders 2007 Children in Need sketch where the cast sang to famous Beatles songs , the song was the last to be sung by the cast with the characters of Ronnie Mitchell , Roxy Mitchell , Chelsea Fox , Carly Wicks , Jane Beale , Lucy Beale , Peter Beale , Ben Mitchell , Zainab Masood , Masood Ahmed , Honey Mitchell , Dawn Swann and Mickey Miller singing the majority of the song . The Joe Cocker version was used as the title music for the 1988 -- 1993 television series The Wonder Years . The Cocker version appears in a 2017 TV commercial for Volkswagen . `` Lend me your ears '' is a Shakespearean reference , taken from the `` Friends , Romans , countrymen '' speech in Julius Caesar and used at the time as a popular way of asking people to listen . `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' was played as wake - up music on Space Shuttle Mission STS - 61 . On Saturday Night Live , Season - 1 Ep. 3 : John Belushi performed a full - length impression of Cocker singing this song . The cult PBS film The Lathe of Heaven ( from 1980 ) uses the original recording of the song . The main character ( George Orr ) , who can manipulate reality with his dreams , comes upon a 45 of the song at a novelty shop run by an alien . The alien hands George the 45 saying `` Help is available . '' The song plays in the soundtrack and morphs into a synthesizer version . The film was out of circulation for over 20 years . When it was finally re-aired on PBS and released on DVD in 2001 , many fans were upset that the original Beatles recording was replaced by a singer with an acoustic guitar . This was due to changes in publishing rights that have occurred since 1980 involving the dissolution of The Beatles ' original Northern Songs and the acquisition by Sony / ATV ( partly owned by the Jackson family ) . Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Everett 1999 , p. 123 . `` In the United Kingdom Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ... was rush - released six days ahead of its official date , June 1 . '' Jump up ^ Dowlding 1989 , p. 165 . ^ Jump up to : `` 100 Greatest Beatles Songs . No. 61 -- ' With a Little Help From My Friends ' '' . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . Jump up ^ Matovina 2000 . Jump up ^ The Beatles 2000 , p. 242 . Jump up ^ Lewisohn 1988 , p. 106 . Jump up ^ `` With A Little Help From My Friends '' . The Beatles Bible . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 02 . Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005 , p. 246 . Jump up ^ `` With a Little Help From My Friends '' . Retrieved 11 November 2017 Jump up ^ `` Paul McCartney and Friends : Change Begins Within '' . Radio City Music Hall . New York , NY : Madison Square Garden . Archived from the original on 21 January 2010 . Retrieved 27 March 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Song : With a Little Help From My Friends -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney '' . Second Hand Songs . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 1960s '' . everyHit.com . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 1980s '' . everyHit.com . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Number 1 Singles of the 2000s '' . everyHit.com. 16 March 2000 . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Mumford & Sons Get a Little Help From Their Friends for Glastonbury Finale '' . 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 1 July 2013 . Jump up ^ bradelliott.com 1983 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Brian ( May 8 , 2015 ) . `` Brian Wilson : The Music That Made Me '' . Rolling Stone . Jump up ^ `` Everyday Companion '' . Jump up ^ Kaufman , Gil ( March 23 , 2017 ) . `` Broadway Stars Come Together For All - Star Single ' With a Little Help from My Friends ' to Support the Arts '' . Billboard . Retrieved March 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Parrott , Billy ( 9 August 2013 ) . `` The Wonder Years : Music and References from Season One '' . The New York Public Library . Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 . Jump up ^ UpVenue.com 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Pet Shop Boys ' Always On My Mind tops cover version vote '' . BBC News . 27 October 2014 . Retrieved 28 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Grammy Hall of Fame Award . Grammy.org Retrieved 21 December 2012 Jump up ^ Sesame Street -- With a Little YELP from my Friends on YouTube Jump up ^ Fries 2009 . Jump up ^ `` SNL Season 01 Episode 03 - Rob Reiner , John Belushi as Joe Cocker - NBC.com '' . NBC . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 05 . References ( edit ) The Beatles ( 2000 ) . The Beatles Anthology . San Francisco : Chronicle Books . ISBN 0 - 8118 - 2684 - 8 . Chianello , Joanne ( 2 October 2009 ) . `` Harper gets on stage with a little help from his wife '' . Ottawa Citizen . Archived from the original on 6 October 2009 . Retrieved 2 October 2009 . Dowlding , William J. ( 1989 ) . Beatlesongs . New York : Simon & Schuster . ISBN 0 - 671 - 68229 - 6 . Everett , Walter ( 1999 ) . The Beatles as Musicians : Revolver Through the Anthology . Oxford University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 512941 - 0 . Fries , Colin , ed. ( 30 November 2009 ) . `` Chronology of Wakeup Calls '' ( PDF ) . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Lewisohn , Mark ( 1988 ) . The Beatles Recording Sessions . New York : Harmony Books . ISBN 0 - 517 - 57066 - 1 . MacDonald , Ian ( 2005 ) . Revolution in the Head : The Beatles ' Records and the Sixties ( Second Revised ed . ) . London : Pimlico ( Rand ) . ISBN 1 - 84413 - 828 - 3 . Matovina , Dan ( 2000 ) . Without You : The Tragic Story of Badfinger . Frances Glover Books . ISBN 0 - 9657122 - 2 - 2 . Apple 's Neil Aspinall remembers , `` ( ... ) Badfinger just popped in my head . It was from an old Lennon thing . He was playing the piano and he had a bad finger so he called the piece he was playing ' Bad Finger Boogie ' ( which evolved into ' With A Little Help From My Friends ' ) `` Original liner notes for Capitol 's Beach Boys Rarities album '' . bradelliott.com. 1983 . `` Ringo Starr -- With a Little Help from My Friends '' . The Daily Show with Jon Stewart . 13 January 2010 . Kilpatrick , Sean ( 4 October 2009 ) . `` Stephen Harper rocks out '' . thestar.com . Toronto . Retrieved 22 October 2009 . `` UpVenue Top 10 Best Music Covers '' . UpVenue.com. 2010 . External links ( edit ) Quotations related to Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band at Wikiquote How B.J. Wilson Rescued a Classic Joe Cocker Track ( page about B.J. Wilson and Joe Cocker 's recording of the song ) Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Preceded by `` Those Were the Days '' by Mary Hopkin UK number one single 6 November 1968 -- 13 November 1968 ( Joe Cocker version ) Succeeded by `` The Good , the Bad and the Ugly '' by Hugo Montenegro & His Orchestra Preceded by `` Perfect '' by Fairground Attraction UK number one single 15 May 1988 -- 12 June 1988 ( Wet Wet Wet version ) Succeeded by `` Doctorin ' the Tardis '' by The Timelords Preceded by `` Take Me to the Clouds Above '' by LMC vs U2 UK number one single 15 February 2004 -- 21 February 2004 ( Sam and Mark version ) Succeeded by `` Who 's David ? '' by Busted Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Songs Side one `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' `` Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds '' `` Getting Better '' `` Fixing a Hole '' `` She 's Leaving Home '' `` Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite ! '' Side two `` Within You Without You '' `` When I 'm Sixty - Four '' `` Lovely Rita '' `` Good Morning Good Morning '' `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( Reprise ) '' `` A Day in the Life '' Non-album single `` Strawberry Fields Forever '' `` Penny Lane '' Outtakes `` Only a Northern Song '' `` Carnival of Light '' Tribute albums Easy Star 's Lonely Hearts Dub Band Sgt . Pepper Knew My Father Sgt . Pepper Live Sgt . Petsound 's Lonely Hearts Club Band With a Little Help from My Fwends Related articles The Beatles discography The Beatles ' studio years Sgt . Pepper 's cover Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( film ) Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( soundtrack ) Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band on the Road Yellow Submarine ( film ) Their Satanic Majesties Request `` Tina in the Sky with Diamonds '' Please Please Me With the Beatles A Hard Day 's Night Beatles for Sale Help ! Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band Magical Mystery Tour The Beatles ( White Album ) Yellow Submarine Abbey Road Let It Be Past Masters The Beatles singles discography UK and US ( all labels ) 1963 `` Please Please Me '' / `` Ask Me Why '' `` From Me to You '' / `` Thank You Girl '' `` She Loves You '' / `` I 'll Get You '' 1964 `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' / `` You Ca n't Do That '' `` I Feel Fine '' / `` She 's a Woman '' 1965 `` Ticket to Ride '' / `` Yes It Is '' `` Help ! '' / `` I 'm Down '' `` We Can Work It Out '' / `` Day Tripper '' 1966 `` Paperback Writer '' / `` Rain '' `` Yellow Submarine '' / `` Eleanor Rigby '' 1967 `` Penny Lane '' / `` Strawberry Fields Forever '' `` All You Need Is Love '' / `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' `` Hello , Goodbye '' / `` I Am the Walrus '' 1968 `` Lady Madonna '' / `` The Inner Light '' `` Hey Jude '' / `` Revolution '' 1969 `` Get Back '' / `` Do n't Let Me Down '' `` The Ballad of John and Yoko '' / `` Old Brown Shoe '' `` Something '' / `` Come Together '' 1970 `` Let It Be '' / `` You Know My Name ( Look Up the Number ) '' 1978 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band / With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` A Day in the Life '' 1982 `` The Beatles Movie Medley '' / `` I 'm Happy Just to Dance with You '' 1995 `` Free as a Bird '' / `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' `` Real Love '' / `` Baby 's in Black '' UK only ( Parlophone , Apple ) 1962 `` My Bonnie '' / `` The Saints '' `` Love Me Do '' / `` P.S. I Love You '' 1963 `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' / `` This Boy '' 1964 `` Ai n't She Sweet '' / `` If You Love Me , Baby '' `` A Hard Day 's Night '' / `` Things We Said Today '' 1976 `` Yesterday '' / `` I Should Have Known Better '' `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' / `` Twist and Shout '' US only ( Vee - Jay , Swan , Tollie , Capitol , Apple ) 1963 `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' / `` I Saw Her Standing There '' 1964 `` Twist and Shout '' / `` There 's a Place '' `` Do You Want to Know a Secret '' / `` Thank You Girl '' `` Love Me Do '' / `` P.S. I Love You '' `` Sie liebt dich '' / `` I 'll Get You '' `` I 'll Cry Instead '' / `` I 'm Happy Just to Dance with You '' `` And I Love Her '' / `` If I Fell '' `` A Hard Day 's Night '' / `` I Should Have Known Better '' `` Matchbox '' / `` Slow Down '' 1965 `` Eight Days a Week '' / `` I Do n't Want to Spoil the Party '' `` Yesterday '' / `` Act Naturally '' 1966 `` Nowhere Man '' / `` What Goes On '' 1970 `` The Long and Winding Road '' / `` For You Blue '' 1976 `` Got to Get You into My Life '' / `` Helter Skelter '' `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` Julia '' Other countries ( Odeon , Parlophone , Apple ) 1963 `` All My Loving '' / `` This Boy '' ( Canada ) 1964 `` Komm , gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich '' ( Germany ) 1966 `` Norwegian Wood ( This Bird Has Flown ) '' / `` Nowhere Man '' ( Australia ) 1968 `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' ( Europe , Japan , Australia ) `` Ob - La - Di , Ob - La - Da '' / `` I Will '' ( Philippines ) `` Back in the U.S.S.R. '' / `` Do n't Pass Me By '' ( Sweden ) 1969 `` You 're Going to Lose That Girl '' / `` Tell Me What You See '' ( Japan ) 1970 `` Oh ! Darling '' / `` Here Comes the Sun '' ( Japan ) 1972 `` All Together Now '' / `` Hey Bulldog '' ( Europe ) 1978 `` Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band / With a Little Help from My Friends '' / `` Within You Without You '' ( Germany ) Wet Wet Wet Graeme Clark Tommy Cunningham Neil Mitchell Marti Pellow Studio albums Popped In Souled Out The Memphis Sessions Holding Back the River High on the Happy Side Cloak & Dagger Picture This 10 Timeless Singles `` Wishing I Was Lucky '' `` Sweet Little Mystery '' `` Angel Eyes ( Home and Away ) '' `` Temptation '' `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' `` Sweet Surrender '' `` Broke Away '' `` Hold Back the River '' `` Stay with Me Heartache ( Ca n't Stand the Night ) '' `` Make It Tonight '' `` Put the Light On '' `` Goodnight Girl '' `` More than Love '' `` Lip Service '' `` Blue for You / This Time '' `` Shed a Tear '' `` Cold Cold Heart '' `` Love Is All Around '' `` Julia Says '' `` Do n't Want to Forgive Me Now '' `` Somewhere Somehow '' `` She 's All on My Mind '' `` Morning '' `` If I Never See You Again '' `` Strange '' `` Yesterday / Maybe I 'm in Love '' `` All I Want '' `` Too Many People '' `` Weightless '' Live albums Wet Wet Wet : Live Live at the Royal Albert Hall Compilations End of Part One : Their Greatest Hits The Greatest Hits Step by Step : The Greatest Hits Videos Video Singles Live Glasgow Green Free Concert High on the Happy Side Wets at the Castle Live at the Royal Albert Hall End of Part One Picture This - All Around and in the Crowd Playing Away at Home The Greatest Hits and More Related articles Discography Maggie Pie & The Impostors Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends&oldid=817269137 '' Categories : 1967 songs 1968 singles 1988 singles The Beatles songs Songs about friendship Barbra Streisand songs Joe Cocker songs The Beach Boys songs The Muppets songs Number - one singles in Switzerland Sham 69 songs Song recordings produced by George Martin Songs written by Lennon -- McCartney UK Singles Chart number - one singles Wet Wet Wet songs Song recordings produced by Jeff Lynne Capitol Records singles Parlophone singles PolyGram singles Regal Zonophone Records singles Songs published by Northern Songs Hidden categories : Use dmy dates from September 2014 EngvarB from September 2014 Articles with hAudio microformats Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Music infoboxes with Module : String errors All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012 Talk Contents Help About Wikipedia Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara Français Italiano עברית ქართული Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt Edit links This page was last edited on 27 December 2017 , at 08 : 14 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who sang the song i need a little help from my friends | ['"With a Little Help from My Friends" is a song by the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney from the album Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band issued worldwide in June 1967. The song was written for and sung by the Beatles\' drummer Ringo Starr as the character "Billy Shears". The song, paired with "Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band" and featuring "A Day in the Life" as its B-side, was reissued as a single in the U.S. in August 1978 (#71) and in the U.K. in September 1978 (#63). "With a Little Help from My Friends" was ranked No. 311 on Rolling Stone\'s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.'] | ['the Beatles'] | "With a Little Help from My Friends" is a song by the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney from the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band issued worldwide in June 1967. The song was written for and sung by the Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr as the character "Billy Shears". The song, paired with "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and featuring "A Day in the Life" as its B-side, was reissued as a single in the U.S. in August 1978 (#71) and in the U.K. in September 1978 (#63). "With a Little Help from My Friends" was ranked No. 311 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. |
[question]: Who wrote the song "With a Little Help from My Friends"?
[answer]: The song "With a Little Help from My Friends" was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. | Who wrote the song "With a Little Help from My Friends"? | The song "With a Little Help from My Friends" was written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. | 1 | 7.333507 | 17 | 115 | 1 |
16,303 | 8,976,443,904,594,105,000 | Private limited company | Private limited company - wikipedia Private limited company Jump to : navigation , search This article is part of a series on Corporate law By jurisdiction ( show ) Anguilla Australia BVI Canada Cayman Islands India South Africa United States Vietnam European Union France Germany United Kingdom General corporate forms ( show ) Company Conglomerate Cooperative Corporation Holding company Joint - stock Partnership General Limited Limited liability Private limited Sole proprietorship Corporate forms by jurisdiction ( show ) European Union Societas ( SE ) Societas cooperativa ( SCE ) Societas privata ( SPE ) Societas unius personae ( SUP ) Economic interest grouping ( EEIG ) UK / Ireland / Commonwealth Charitable incorporated organisation ( CIO ) Community interest company ( CIC ) Industrial and provident society ( IPS ) Limited company ( Ltd . ) by guarantee by shares proprietary public Unlimited company United States Benefit corporation C corporation Limited liability company ( LLC ) Low - profit LLC Series LLC Limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) S corporation Delaware corporation / statutory trust Massachusetts business trust Nevada corporation Others Aktiebolag ( AB ) Aktiengesellschaft ( AG ) Ansvarlig selskap ( ANS ) Aktieselskab ( A / S ) Aksjeselskap ( AS ) Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH ) Kabushiki gaisha ( K.K. ) Naamloze vennootschap ( N.V. ) Osakeyhtiö ( Oy ) S.A. Société à responsabilité limitée ( SARL ) more ... Doctrines ( show ) Business judgment rule Corporate governance De facto and estoppel corporations Internal affairs doctrine Limited liability Piercing the corporate veil Rochdale Principles Ultra vires Related areas ( show ) Civil procedure Contract Corporate registers Company portal Law portal A private limited company is a hybrid type of business entity used in many jurisdictions , with some differences from country to country . Examples include LLC in the US , private company limited by shares in the UK , GmbH in Germany or společnost s ručením omezeným in the Czech Republic . Country Business form Abbreviation ( s ) United States limited liability company LLC privately held company United Kingdom private company limited by shares Pvt. Ltd . India Hong Kong Ireland Nepal Netherlands besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid bv Belgium bvba Société Privée à Responsabilité Limitée SPRL France société à responsabilité limitée SARL Luxembourg Switzerland società a garanzia limitata Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung GmbH Liechtenstein Austria Germany Unternehmergesellschaft ( haftungsbeschränkt ) UG ( haftungsbeschränkt ) Greece Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης Ε. Π. Ε . Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία Ι. Κ. Ε . Czech Republic Společnost s ručením omezeným s.r.o. , spol . s r.o. Slovakia Spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným Hungary korlátolt felelősségű társaság kft . Poland spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością sp . z o.o. Croatia Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću d.o.o. ( д. о. о . ) Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia Друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу Macedonia Društvo so ograničena odgovornost Slovenia Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo Spain sociedad de responsabilidad limitada SRL Mexico Peru Argentina Chile Colombia compañía limitada Ltda . Italy società a responsabilità limitata SRL Portugal sociedade de responsabilidade limitada Lda . Brazil sociedade limitada Ltda. , Lda . Russia общество с ограниченной ответственностью ООО Denmark anpartsselskab ApS Sweden privat aktiebolag AB Finland ( Yksityinen ) osakeyhtiö OY Australia proprietary limited company Pty Ltd Malaysia Syarikat Sendirian Berhad Sdn Bhd Singapore ( exempt ) private company limited by shares Pte Ltd Estonia Osaühing OÜ Latvia Sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību SIA Lithuania Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė UAB Uzbekistan Masuliyati Cheklangan Jamiyat MCHJ Romania Societate cu Răspundere Limitată SRL Bulgaria Дружество с ограничена отговорност ООД Ukraine Товариство ( з обмеженою відповідальністю ) ТОВ ( Cyrillic ) Albania Shoqëria Me Përgjegjësi Të Kufizuar sh. p.k. Kosovo Contents ( hide ) 1 Albania 2 Argentina 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Brazil 5 Bulgaria 6 Chile 7 Colombia 8 Croatia 9 Czech Republic 10 Denmark 11 Dominican Republic 12 Estonia 13 Finland 14 Germany 15 Greece 16 Hong Kong 17 Hungary 18 Iceland 19 India 20 Iran 21 Italy 22 Japan 23 Latvia 24 Macedonia , Republic of 25 Mexico 26 Moldova 27 Norway 28 Pakistan 29 Peru 30 Poland 31 Portugal 32 Romania 33 Russia 34 Serbia 35 Slovakia 36 Slovenia 37 Spain 38 Sweden 39 Switzerland 40 Tajikistan 41 Turkey 42 Ukraine 43 United Arab Emirates 44 United Kingdom 45 United States 46 See also 47 References Albania ( edit ) In Albania a limited liability company ( Albanian : Shoqëri me përgjegjësi të kufizuar Sh. p.k ) is a commercial company founded by persons of physical or judicial status , who are not liable for the company and personally bear losses only up to the outstanding contribution agreements . Partners ' contributions constitute the registered capital of a limited liability company . Each partner has his quota in the company in proportion to the contribution of the capital so the registered capital of the company is divided between the partners based on the proportional ratio of their contribution . In Albania a limited liability company may not have a capital of less than 100 lek . Argentina ( edit ) Although not an exact equivalent , the Argentine variant of the LLC is called Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada ( S.R.L. ) and it limits the liability of its members up to their capital contribution in the company . The equity is divided into equal stakes ( can not be called `` shares '' ) , each one of which represents a percentage of the company and that can not be traded on the stock exchange . Their by - laws are regulated by law N ° 19550 and the commercial partnership is limited to a maximum of 50 partners . Bosnia and herzegovina ( edit ) Bosnian and Herzegovinian legislation , similarly to that in Serbia , Montenegro , Macedonia contemplates LLCs as društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću ( d.o.o. ) . Companies using this structure append the abbreviation d.o.o. to their company name . A shareholder or member in a d.o.o. is only personally liable up to the value of the member 's investment in the company . Brazil ( edit ) The corporate structure in Brazilian law most similar to the American LLC is the Sociedade Limitada ( `` Ltda . '' ) , under the new Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 . The sociedade limitada is the new name of the sociedade por quotas de responsabilidade limitada , and it can be organized as empresária or simples , under this new code , roughly corresponding to the form types of comercial ( `` commercial '' ) and civil ( `` non commercial '' ) of the Commercial Code . A new law in Brazil has made it legal to obtain an LLC by a sole - proprietor called Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada ( Eireli for short ) . The main requirement is a capital of 100 times the current minimum wage , R $ 78.800 , 00 ( US $26.267. 00 ) as of 2015 . Bulgaria ( edit ) Bulgarian legislation contemplates LLCs as Дружество с ограничена отговорност ( Druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost ; Limited liability company ) . Companies working under this structure append the abbreviation ООД ( OOD ) to their name . In case of an LLC with individual owner it is contemplated as Еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност ( Ednolichno druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost ; One - man / Single - member limited liability company ) and abbreviated as ЕООД ( EOOD ) . Chile ( edit ) Chilean law contemplates a certain form of LLC known as `` Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada '' ( Limited Liability Association ) . Also ( LLC ) These companies are regulated by law N ° 3.918 . Among their most important characteristics we can say that : They can pursue a commercial or non-commercial purpose ( Sociedad Comercial de Responsabilidad Limitada / Sociedad Civil de Responsabilidad Limitada ) . They must be formed by two or more partners and can hold up to a maximum of fifty . Their equity is divided into `` cuotas '' ( not shares ) each one of which represents a percentage of the company . They can be managed by one or more managers ( external if need be ) , or by a board of directors . Their by - laws ca n't be modified , nor their partners be changed , without the consent of all the other partners . In tax considerations , they differ from the LLC 's because they pay a corporate tax for their income , amount that can be deducted by their owners as a credit against the taxes they pay . Chilean law also contemplates a very special kind of individual owner LLC called Empresa Individual de Responsabilidad Limitada ( Limited Liability Individual Company ) , which uses the E.I.R.L. abbreviation . Colombia ( edit ) Colombian legislation contemplates a very similar structure as mentioned above in the Chilean case . The Ltda . abbreviation is also used in Colombia . Croatia ( edit ) In Croatia , a private limited liability company is termed društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću ( literal : limited liability company ) , abbreviated d.o.o. . A public limited liability company is termed a dioničko društvo ( literal : joint stock company ) abbreviated d.d. . Czech Republic ( edit ) Czech legislation contemplates LLCs as společnost s ručením omezeným ( s.r.o. or spol . s r.o. ) . An s.r.o. is not technically comparable to an LLC because the profits are still subject to double taxation . Czech law does not offer a possibility to start up a limited company without the possibility of avoiding double taxation . As of 2014 the liability is not limited in Czech , since managing director ( jednatel , mandatory board member in Czech LLCs ) bears full liability that extends to all of his / her property , including private one . Denmark ( edit ) The Danish form of the LLC is the kommanditselskab ( K / S ) . There is no minimum capital requirements . In a K / S there are two types of shareholders , the komplementar which is fully liable , and the kommanditist which liability is limited . The K / S is a tax - transparent company , which means the income `` passes through '' the company directly to the shareholders . Dominican Republic ( edit ) Dominican Republic legislation contemplates LLCs as Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada , also known by their abbreviation S.R.L. ; ; S.R.L.s award limited liability to their members up to their contribution in the company ( i.e. , contribution of capital ) . This type of company began after the law number 479 of the year 2008 . Estonia ( edit ) In Estonia , a limited liability company is referred to as osaühing ( OÜ ) . The type of entity is also required to be identified in the name . An OÜ is taxed as a corporation . The minimum capital required by law is € 2,500 . Finland ( edit ) Although not an exact equivalent , the Finnish version of the LLC is the Oy ( osakeyhtiö ) or in Swedish Ab ( aktiebolag ) . An Oy is taxed as a corporation . The minimum capital required by law is € 2,500 . Germany ( edit ) Because of its hybrid characteristics it is very difficult to determine the German equivalent . On one hand it is possible to consider it as a kind of Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH ) because it has aspects of a corporation ; on the other hand it could be considered to be a kind of Kommanditgesellschaft ( KG ) , which is the German equivalent of a limited partnership . Based on the literal translation of the word `` company '' , an LLC should be considered to be a kind of KG without any liable partner . The German equivalent that comes closest to LLC , is GmbH & Co KG , a nested Kommanditgesellschaft ( KG ) where a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH ) takes the role of the fully liable partner . For the purpose of taxation , the Bundesfinanzministerium ( German Federal Ministry of Finance ) gives detailed guidelines of the circumstances under which an LLC is to be considered to be a `` corporation '' or as a `` limited partnership '' . It is useful to note , however , that the original LLC statutes of Wyoming and other US states were more or less explicitly modeled after the GmbH . Greece ( edit ) A limited liability company ( LLC ) in Greece is synonymous to an EPE ( ΕΠΕ - Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης ) . Hong Kong ( edit ) In Hong Kong , the Limited Company is the most commonly incorporated type of company and bears the characteristics of a Limited Liability Company . The core characteristics of a Hong Kong Limited Company include : i ) it requires a minimum of one shareholder and one director ( can be the same person ) , ii ) a Hong Kong company requires a company secretary resident in HK , iii ) foreign ownership is allowed , iv ) company shareholders have limited liability and v ) the company must have registered HK address . Entrepreneurs who register a company in Hong Kong can choose a Hong Kong offshore company . This company structure is basically a HK Limited Company but all business is conducted outside of Hong Kong . The advantage of this structure is that all business income that is sourced outside of Hong Kong is tax exempt . Hungary ( edit ) Hungarian legislation contemplates LLCs as Korlátolt felelősségű társaság . Companies working under this structure append the abbreviation Kft. to their name . Hungarian LLCs are required to have a 3 million HUF ( Hungarian Forint ) ( approx . 11,000 USD ) starting capital . The time of formation by the new electronic formation option has been reduced from 2 weeks to 2 hours , additional cost of formation is around 100,000 HUF ( approx. 540 USD ) . Kft. s can be formed by the cooperation of lawyers . The Hungarian Kft. is the most common form of doing business in Hungary . As being part of the European Union ( EU ) , Hungarian Kft. s can now obtain an EU VAT registration number for doing business across the EU . The Hungarian EU - VAT reg . number starts with `` HU '' . This way the existence of the subject company , VAT issues and the cross-check is available on the common EU website for companies . Iceland ( edit ) According to Icelandic legislation , there are two types of LLC forms , private and public held limited liability forms . Private LLC is abbreviated `` Ehf . '' The minimum capital of 500,000 Icelandic krónas ( kr . ) . Public LLC is abbreviated `` Hf . '' with minimum capital of 4,000,000 kr and goes to LLC . India ( edit ) Commonly used business forms in India are : ( a ) Public and Private Limited Companies - Incorporated entities with limited liabilities . These are very similar to `` Corporations '' under U.S law . ( b ) Limited Liability Partnerships ( LLPs ) - Incorporated entities with limited liability . The LLPs are organized as partnerships - they do not have a Board of Directors as such . LLP has lesser compliance requirements compared to Private limited companies . There is no maximum limit for the no. of partners in LLP . In the private limited company shareholders are limited to the extent of 200 shareholders . The above entities are treated as taxable entities ( `` persons '' ) , and as such are liable to tax on their incomes . These entities do not offer `` pass - through '' taxation benefits , unlike LLCs in the USA . India vide Limited Liability Partnership Act , 2008 introduced concept of LLP and it got implemented in 2009 . 2 persons are required to Incorporate LLP in India and they are called designated partners . This form is very organised in India and controlled under Ministry of Corporate Affairs . There is no specific minimum capital requirement . Foreign Direct Investment too allowed in LLP . Essential part is one of the 2 promoters must be Indian Resident . Iran ( edit ) As of 2015 , there are seven types of companies which can be registered under Iran 's company registration law . One of these seven types of companies and partnerships refers to LLPs . Like many other countries , two persons are required to form an LLP in Iran . Each person has his / her own shares and is responsible for business liability equivalent to his / her share percentage . LLPs in Iran are named according to the format illustrated by the following example : `` Sherkat Ba Masooliyate Mahdood '' translates as `` Sherkat شرکت Company '' + `` Mahdood محدود Limited '' + `` Masooliyat مسئولیت Liability '' . Italy ( edit ) The Italian Civil Code , approved in 1942 and as amended by the Government Act 6 / 2003 and furthers modifications , mainly provides three forms of limited liability company : Società per azioni ( S.p.A. ) : the minimum required starting capital for an SpA is € 50,000 . The capital is divided into shares ( azioni ) that can be transferred by endorsement or bought and sold on stock exchange . Only SpAs can be quoted in stock exchange market , issue corporate bonds , and other financial instruments . SpA form and a higher capital are required by law to operate in protected businesses ( i.e. banks , leasing companies , etc . ) . Società a responsabilità limitata ( Srl ) : the minimum required starting capital for an Srl is € 10,000 . Its capital is divided into stakes ( quote ) which can be bought or sold just by notarial act . Srls can issue corporate bonds but are subject to many limitations . Similar to the Srl is the Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata ( Scarl ) whose scope is not making profit but give benefits to stakes ' holders . Società in accomandita per azioni ( Sapa ) : the minimum required starting capital for a Sapa is € 120,000 divided into shares . Sapas have a mixed liability scheme , where standard shareholders have limited liability while managing shareholders have full liability . Except this , SAPAs are exactly like SPAs even if uncommon . Companies append the corresponding abbreviation to their company names . Japan ( edit ) Japan passed legislation in 1996 creating a new type of business organization , godo kaisha ( J - LLC ) , a close variant of the American LLC . Japanese Tax authority does not consider J - LLC ( Godo - Kaisha ) a pass - through entity , but as a taxable entity . Latvia ( edit ) Limited liability company in Latvia is referred to as sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību ( SIA ) . SIA is taxed as a corporation . The minimum share capital required by law is € 2,800 . But it is allowed to set up SIA with share capital € 1.00 , but it must be increased to minimum share capital € 2,800 by increasing share capital with money or by moving at least 25 % from annual profit until capital will be € 2,800 . Macedonia , Republic of ( edit ) Macedonian legislation contemplates LLCs as Друштво со ограничена одговорност ( Drushtvo so ogranichena odgovornost ) . Companies working under this structure append the abbreviation д. о. о . ( d.o.o. ) to their name . The minimum required starting capital for a d.o.o. is € 5,000 . Mexico ( edit ) Mexican legislation contemplates LLCs as Sociedades de Responsabilidad Limitada , also known for their abbreviation `` S. de R.L. '' . S. de R.L. 's award limited liability to its members up to their contribution in the company ( i.e. , contribution of capital ) and also act as pass - through or flow - through entities whereby profits are `` passed - through '' to its members , avoiding double taxation . This type of company is widely used by foreign investors in Mexico because of its `` pass - through '' modality and its `` check the box '' capability under the IRC ( Internal Revenue Code of the U.S. ) . Moldova ( edit ) Moldovan legislation contemplates LLCs as Societate cu Răspundere Limitată , abbreviated `` S.R.L. '' , and are regulated member ( s ) - founder ( s ) , and other non-founder members , minimum one member - founder and maximum total of 50 members , at least one of them must be the founder of the company , but all of the 50 could be also founders . Norway ( edit ) In Norway , the closest to an LLC is probably the kommandittselskap ( KS ) . In a K / S there are two types of participants , one komplementar which is fully liable , and one or more kommandittist , with limited liability . There are minimum capital requirements . The KS is a tax - transparent company , which means the income `` passes through '' the company directly to the shareholders . Pakistan ( edit ) In Pakistan , LLCs are known as private companies that end ( Local Liability Company ) with Pvt. Ltd . They should have at least Rs. 100,000 as their minimum paid up capital . The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan ( SECP ) has made it mandatory for all listed companies to file their documents , returns , accounts and applications through the commission 's eServices online filing facility , earlier , this requirement was only applicable to the companies , which had been incorporated through eServices online filing facility . Peru ( edit ) There is no direct equivalent of an LLC in Peru , but some similar corporate forms include : Sociedad anónima cerrada ( SAC ) , a corporation which must have at least two and not more than twenty shareholders ; its shares may not be offered to the public and can not be traded on the stock exchange . Sociedad comercial de responsabilidad limitada ( SRL ) , a commercial partnership divided in equal participations which may not be called `` shares '' . It must have at least two and not more than twenty partners . Sociedad civil de responsabilidad limitada ( S civil de RL ) , a professional partnership of at least two and not more than thirty individuals , with co-owner participation in the form of capital , of professional contribution , or of any combination of both . Empresa individual de responsabilidad limitada ( EIRL ) , a legal entity with one single owner . The capital for any of the above entities is freely determined by its statutes . There is no minimum requirement except for entities with certain types of activities , mainly in the financial markets , and then irrespective of their type . Poland ( edit ) In Poland , a limited liability company is referred to literally as `` company with limited liability '' ( spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością , legally abbreviated as sp . z o.o. ( or sometimes Sp . z o.o. in particular names ) . Informally , in the Polish speaking slang , it is abbreviated as spółka zoo ( pronounced with a long `` o '' , as in `` tow . '' ) . However , sp . z o.o. has a ( separate from its owners ) legal personality , which gives it the ability to do certain actions under law , and it is considered a `` corporation '' . The minimum start capital is 5,000 PLN ( since 2009 ; until then , 50,000 PLN ) . Portugal ( edit ) In Portugal , LLCs are called `` Sociedades de Responsabilidade Limitada '' , that is , `` company of limited responsibility '' , usually abbreviated Lda ... They are tax subject , and company shares can not be sold in a public market , since 2006 the transference of them is not required to be done in the presence of a civil law notary , except if the company owns buildings , in the same way other major properties have to be sold . Nonetheless , the responsibility of the partners is limited to the capital share they hold , and the minimum capital required by law for a Lda. of € 5000 . ( In 2006 the PS Government , led by José Socrates , did reduce the minimum capital to € 1 , but in 2011 the new PSD Government , led by Pedro Passos Coelho , reinstated the € 5000 minimum capital . ) The capital is not required to be deposited at the time of the registration of the company , instead the share holders have until 31 December of the year the registry was made . Romania ( edit ) Romania recognizes the limited liability company since 1990 under the name of societate cu răspundere limitată ( S.R.L. ) , in which the owners are personally liable for the company obligations within the limit of their contribution to social capital . The minimum start capital is 200 RON which currently amounts to less than € 50 . Russia ( edit ) In Russia and certain other former Soviet countries , an entity with a somewhat similar structure is known as Общество с ограниченной ответственностью ( Obshchestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu ) ( lit. , `` company with limited liability '' ) , usually abbreviated OOO , or in some CIS countries as OcOO . Although a Russian limited liability company shares the same name with an American LLC , it is different in many ways . Most importantly , a Russian LLC is not tax transparent : the company is taxed at the corporate level , and then , upon distribution of dividends , shareholders pay income tax ( personal or corporate ) . A limited liability company is the most popular form of legal undertaking in Russia for simple shareholding structures . The minimum capital required is 10,000 Russian rubles . Serbia ( edit ) Serbian legislation contemplates LLCs as Друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу . Companies working under this structure append the abbreviation d.o.o. or DOO to their name same as in Croatia . As in the Czech Republic , a d.o.o. is not technically comparable to an LLC because the profits are still subject to double taxation . In Kosovo a company does not need to provide proof for payment of capital . Slovakia ( edit ) In Slovakia , the law contemplates spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným ( abbreviation spol . s r.o. or s.r.o. ) or as the rough equivalent of a limited liability company . It is very popular form of business organization due to ensurance of limited liability in exchange for a relatively small investment into the registered capital . From one to 50 associates can found it through a founding agreement with minimum registered capital of € 5000 , minimum € 750 per person , in money or other property . ( § 105 -- 153 of Act . No 513 / 1991 Coll . -- Commercial Code as amended . ) Slovenia ( edit ) Slovenian legislation contemplates LLCs as družba z omejeno odgovornostjo . Companies working under this structure append the abbreviation d.o.o. to their name . The minimum required starting capital for a d.o.o. is € 7,500 . Due to the high cost and complicated bookkeeping of a real corporation , this is a more widespread form . Spain ( edit ) In Spain , LLCs are called Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada ( SRL ) , `` company of limited responsibility '' , or sociedad limitada ( SL ) , or `` limited partnership '' . They are tax subject , and company shares can not be sold in a public market , the transference of them having to be done compulsorily in the presence of a civil law notary , in the same way other major properties have to be sold . Nonetheless , the responsibility of the partners is limited to the capital share they hold , and the minimum capital required by law for a S.L. is at least € 3,000 . Sweden ( edit ) Sweden has no equivalent of an LLC . The closest company form is the handelsbolag ( lit. : `` trade company '' ) . The Swedish AB ( aktiebolag ; lit. : `` share company '' ) , like the handelsbolag , is a tax subject and is more similar to a US C Corporation than an LLC . The minimum capital required by law in a private company , privat aktiebolag , is SEK 50,000 , although this may be in the form of assets as well as capital . It should be noted that the AB structure requires shareholders , a Board of Directors , and regular meetings of both , together with complete accounts once per year . Depending on the size of the AB , the accounts may have to be audited . Creation or purchase `` off - the - shelf '' of an AB is relatively cheap and tax effective , but liquidation of a created aktiebolag can be an expensive and time - consuming operation . Creation of public limited liability companies , or publikt aktiebolag , which can raise capital from the public , requires a minimum capitalization of SEK 500,000 , however the overall regulation of public companies in Sweden , especially regarding accounting methods and taxes , is thorough and detailed . Switzerland ( edit ) The Swiss Code of Obligations provides for different kinds of companies with limited liability , the two most commonly used are : Swiss Limited Liability Company : The terms for this kind of company used in the three official languages of the Swiss Confederation are as follows : In German Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( abbreviation : GmbH ) , in French Société à responsabilité limitée ( abbreviation : S. à r.l. or SARL ) and in Italian Società a Garanzia Limitata ( abbreviation : SaGL ) . A Swiss LLC is similar to an LLC with respect to various matters , including the following : Members may also be natural persons , corporations , partnerships or other LLCs , the liability of a member of a Swiss LLC to pay for the LLC 's obligations is limited to its capital contribution , a Swiss LLC may be either member - managed or manager - managed , and , unless otherwise provided for in the operating agreement , the members ' right to control or manage a Swiss LLC is proportionate to their individual membership interest . The membership interests in a Swiss LLC have to be registered and , thus , they may only be issued in the name of a member but not to the bearer . Swiss Corporation ( in English common law context usually translated as company limited by shares ) : The terms for this kind of company used in the three official languages of the Swiss Confederation are as follows : In German Aktiengesellschaft ( abbreviation : AG ) , in French Société Anonyme ( abbreviation : SA ) and in Italian Società Anonima ( abbreviation : SA ) . A Swiss corporation is with respect to various matters different from an LLC ( including a Swiss LLC ) : Most important is that a Swiss corporation may , neither by default nor by exercising any respective option provided by the Swiss law , be member - managed like an LLC , as the respective mandatory provisions of Swiss law provide that the board of directors has certain non-transferable duties . Furthermore , the shares of a Swiss corporation may also be issued to the bearer ( bearer shares ) and , thus , not only in the name of a holder ( registered shares ) , which , however , applies to the membership interests in a Swiss LLC , which may only be registered . Tajikistan ( edit ) In Tajikistan , the same as in Russia , an entity with a somewhat similar structure is known as `` Ҷамъияти дорои масъулияти маҳдуд '' , Chamiyti Doroi Masuliyti Machdud , abbreviated as `` ҶДММ '' . Turkey ( edit ) Minimum capital should be 10,000 TL . That capital could be the minimum total capital of company . Number of founding shareholders ( real persons or legal entities ) could be minimum 1 and maximum 50 . All or some of the shareholders could be foreign nationals . There is no issued stock certificates and all shareholders liability is limited to their registered capital amount . 1 / 4 of capital should be blocked in a Bank until procedure of registration ends . The equivalent of LLC for Turkish is Ltd . Şti . ( Which means Limited Şirketi . ) Ukraine ( edit ) This type of entity has existed in Ukraine since the 1990s . LLC is the most common type of business entity in Ukraine . In Ukrainian , it is spelled `` Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю '' ( abbreviated -- TОВ , TзОВ ) , in transliteration `` Tovarystvo z Obmezhenoyu Vidpovidalnistyu , '' that is , `` company with limited liability '' . By Ukrainian law LLC is a legal person . Authorized capital of LLC is divided into shares ( or stakes ) , the amount of which is determined by the charter . LLC is responsible to the creditors only with its assets . Legal entities ( foreign or Ukrainian companies ) individuals , regardless of their country of citizenship or residency can be the founders ( participants ) of LLC . Limited liability company can be formed either by one person or by several individuals or legal entities ( corporations ) . Maximum number of participants ( founders ) of LLC in Ukraine is 100 . Since 2014 registration procedure has been significantly simplified in Ukraine . Minimum amount of authorised capital is 1 ( one ) hryvnia ( less than 0 , 04 US cents ) . There is no state fee for LLC formation . By Ukrainian Law LLC dividend payment is possible after the declaration of company 's income or profit to the fiscal / tax authorities and the approval of the income statement . Thus , regardless of the tax system , LLC can make dividend payments up to 4 times a year , or one time a quarter . Taxation . LLC can be registered : -- as corporate / profit tax ( 18 % rate ) with or without VAT ( up to 20 % rate , depends on product or service ) tax payer ; -- fixed tax rate ( in transliteration `` yediniy podatok '' or `` sproschena sistema opodatkuvannia '' ) is a 5 % rate from revenue , with or without ( on request ) VAT registration . United arab Emirates ( edit ) A Limited Liability Company ( LLC ) is the most common type of registration in the UAE and is recommended where the purpose of the entity is to make sales within the region . However , it should be noted that 100 % foreign ownership of such an entity is not permitted . Under the UAE Commercial Companies Law ( CCL ) , foreign investors are permitted to hold up to 49 per cent equity ownership in UAE companies and 51 per cent of the equity must be held at all times by one or more UAE nationals . In accordance with Article ( 218 ) of the CCL a Limited Liability Company can be formed by a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 50 shareholders whose liability is limited to their shares in the capital of the company . Recent amendments to Article ( 217 ) of the CCL that came into force in June 2009 removed the requirement for minimum share capital ( previously AED 300,000 in Dubai and AED 150,000 in other Emirates ) allowing founders of a limited liability company the freedom to determine the company 's share capital which could be less than the earlier prescribed bottom line . Shares of an LLC are not open for subscription by the public . Despite the split in shareholdings , profits may be divided in other ratios agreed upon , taking into consideration efforts of foreign partners in management , provision of technology or expertise . Responsibility for the management of a LLC can be vested in the foreign partner or UAE national partners or a third party . A LLC must appoint a minimum of one manager and up to a maximum of five managers for the business . Managers must be appointed by a Memorandum of Association or by a management contract , for a fixed term or an unlimited term . Unless the Memorandum of Association states otherwise , the manager has full powers of administration and management of the LLC . LLC is not allowed to practice its activities in the UAE without a Trade License and Commercial Registration Certificate . United Kingdom ( edit ) The new form of limited liability partnership ( LLP ) , created in 2000 , is similar to a US LLC in being tax neutral : member partners are taxed at the partner level , but the LLP itself pays no tax . It is treated as a body corporate for all other purposes including VAT . Otherwise , all companies , including limited companies and US LLCs , are treated as bodies corporate subject to United Kingdom corporation tax if the profits of the entity belong to the entity and not to its members . United states ( edit ) A limited liability company ( LLC ) is a relatively new business structure authorized by state statutes . The LLC is chiefly inspired by the GmbH ( `` Company with limited liability '' ) , a type of business organization in Germany , and by the limitada , a type of business organization available in many Latin American countries . In the United States , the first limited liability company act appeared in Wyoming in 1977 as special interest legislation for an oil company . In 1980 , the Internal Revenue Service issued a private letter ruling to an LLC formed under the Wyoming LLC Act , indicating that the IRS would treat the LLC as a partnership for federal tax purposes . However , later that year , the IRS proposed regulations that would deny partnership classification to any business entity in which no member bore personal responsibility for the entity 's liabilities . In 1982 , Florida adopted an LLC act modeled on Wyoming 's LLC Act . Due to uncertainty over the tax treatment of LLCs , no other states introduced LLC legislation until after 1988 . In 1988 , the IRS issued a revenue ruling stating that it would treat a Wyoming - style LLC as a partnership for tax purposes . By 1996 , nearly every state had enacted an LLC statute . The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws adopted the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act in 1996 and revised it in 2006 . A potential disadvantage specific to the United States is that LLCs are not considered to be corporations for the purposes of federal civil procedure ; they are instead treated as partnerships . This affects the applicability of diversity jurisdiction in cases involving LLCs , barring application of diversity jurisdiction when even one member of the LLC is a citizen of the same state as one of the opposing parties . Should one member of an LLC be a citizen of a state of which one of the opposing parties is a citizen , any case between the LLC and those parties must be heard in that state 's courts ; corporations enjoy a more complete legal personhood that only denies diversity jurisdiction when the opposing party is a citizen of the state in which the corporation is incorporated ( most commonly Delaware for large corporations , which has a small population ) or has its principal place of business . AOL was set up as an LLC during its ownership by Time Warner from 2001 to 2008 . There is a similar setup for BMW 's American subsidiary , BMW of North America , LLC . Chrysler has been an LLC since restructuring during the auto industry bailout of 2009 , owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. . See also ( edit ) Besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid , a Belgian ( bvba ) and Dutch ( bv ) private limited company Société à responsabilité limitée , LLCs in French speaking countries Incorporation ( business ) Limited Liability Partnership ( LLP ) List of company registers Types of business entity Wholly Foreign - Owned Enterprise References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Format ligjore të shoqërive - Acitad '' . Jump up ^ Ley de Sociedades Comerciales ( Spanish ) http://www.cnv.gov.ar/LeyesYReg/Leyes/19550.htm Jump up ^ ( Types of Companies in BiH `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 10 June 2011 . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 17. ) Jump up ^ `` Lei 12.441 / 11 '' ( Law 12.441 / 11 ) . Brazilian Chief of Staff ( in Portuguese ) . July 11 , 2011 . Retrieved May 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Veja o valor do salário mínimo em 2015 '' ( Check the value of the minimum wage for 2015 ) . g1.com.br ( in Portuguese ) . January 1 , 2015 . Retrieved May 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Commerce Law of Bulgaria , English translation , Chapter 13 , Section I , Article 116 Archived 16 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Código de Comercio de Colombia , just like S.A. . Jump up ^ `` Screening report : Croatia '' ( PDF ) . ec.europa.eu. 18 December 2006 . Chapter 6 -- Company Law , section IIa . Company law , p. 3 . Jump up ^ Limited Liability Companies Act 2006 ( English translation ) http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2006/en20060624.pdf Jump up ^ Steuerliche Einordnung der nach dem Recht der Bundesstaaten der USA gegründeten Limited Liability Company . ^ Jump up to : `` Historical Background of the Limited Liability Company '' . Llc-reporter.com . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 04 . Jump up ^ Σκουζός , Ιάσων . `` Procedure for the incorporation of a Greek Limited Liability Company ( E.P.E. ) - Iason Skouzos & Partners - Law Firm '' . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . Jump up ^ Company type and name English . Investhk.gov.hk ( 2012 - 07 - 27 ) . Retrieved on 2013 - 07 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Hungary KFT '' . Zenron Consulting . Retrieved 29 October 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Company Conversion into LLP In India - Legalraasta '' . 15 May 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` La S.p.A. si costituisce con capitale minimo di 50.000 € - FISCOeTASSE.com '' . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Limited Liability Company Register-company.lv '' . register-company.lv . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` Micro-capital or reduced capital company Register-company.lv '' . register-company.lv . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 31 . Jump up ^ `` http://www.irfanlaw.com/blog/company-annual-statutory-return-filing-karachi-pakistan/ '' . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . External link in title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` http://www.sunarp.gob.pe/Aten24h/pdf/Anexo02.pdf '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . External link in title = ( help ) Jump up ^ `` LEGE nr. 31 din 16 noiembrie 1990 privind societăţile comerciale '' . Cdep.ro. 2003 - 08 - 22 . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` Limited Liability Company : Encyclopedia of Russian Law '' . Russianlawonline.com. 14 January 2009 . Archived from the original on 5 March 2012 . Retrieved 5 May 2012 . Jump up ^ ITG . `` Llojet e bizneseve - ITG '' . Jump up ^ Zákon č. 513 / 1991 Zb . -- Obchodný zákonník ( in Slovak ) Jump up ^ `` Guide to doing business in Slovakia '' ( PDF ) . Ružička Csekes ; CMS . January 2013 . Retrieved 9 April 2014 . Jump up ^ Swedish Companies Registration Office about Aktiebolag `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 18 August 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 21 . Jump up ^ `` Publika aktiebolag - Bolagsverket '' . Bolagsverket.se . Archived from the original on 15 February 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 04 . Jump up ^ official German text : http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/220/index3.html , official French text : http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/220/index3.html , official Italian text : http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/220/index3.html Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , articles 772ss ^ Jump up to : Unofficial translation of term pursuant to : Swiss Code of Obligations , Volume II , Company Law , Articles 552 -- 964 , English Translation of the Official Text , Swiss - American Chamber of Commerce , Zurich 1992 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 722 paragraph 1 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 802 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 811 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 808 paragraph 4 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 790 Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , articles 620ss Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 716a Jump up ^ Swiss Code of Obligations , article 622 paragraph 1 Jump up ^ Thor , Anatoliy . `` LLC formation Ukraine '' . Jump up ^ Thor , Anatoliy . `` Dividend payment in Ukraine '' . Jump up ^ `` legal forms of business '' . Jump up ^ trinitygroup.eu Jump up ^ `` Limited Liability Company ( LLC ) '' . Irs.gov. 2011 - 06 - 21 . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 04 . Jump up ^ `` State of Wyoming Legislature '' . Retrieved 31 May 2016 . Jump up ^ Keatinge et al. , `` The Limited Liability Company : A Study of the Emerging Entity , '' 47 Business Lawyer 375 , 383 - 384 ( Feb. 1992 ) ( citing Act of 4 March 1977 , ch. 155 , 1977 Wyo. Sess. Laws 512 ) . Jump up ^ Priv . Ltr . Rul. 81 - 06 - 082 , 1980 WL 137231 ( 18 Nov. 1980 ) Jump up ^ Prop . Treas . Reg. § 301.7701 - 2 , 45 Fed . Reg. 75,709 ( 1980 ) Jump up ^ Fla. Stat. Ann . § § 608.401 -- 471 Jump up ^ Keatinge et al. , `` The Limited Liability Company : A Study of the Emerging Entity , '' 47 Bus . Law . 375 , 383 - 384 ( Feb. 1992 ) Jump up ^ Rev. Rul. 88 - 76 , 1988 - 2 C.B. 360 . Jump up ^ Larry E. Ribstein , A Critique of the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act , 25 Stetson Law Review 312 , 322 ( 1995 ) . Jump up ^ Limited Liability Company ( Revised ) . Uniform Law Commission . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Private_limited_company&oldid=795696738 '' Categories : Legal entities Types of business entity Hidden categories : CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors : external links Articles containing Albanian - language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014 Articles containing Spanish - language text Talk Contents About Wikipedia Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Català Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Galego 한국어 Ирон Коми Magyar 日本 語 Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Suomi Edit links This page was last edited on 15 August 2017 , at 22 : 27 . About Wikipedia | what does pvt stand for in a company name | ['\n\nCountry\nBusiness form\nAbbreviation(s)\n\n\n United States\nlimited liability company\nLLC\n\n\nprivately held company\n\n\n\n United Kingdom\nprivate company limited by shares\nPvt. Ltd.\n\n\n India\n\n\n Hong Kong\n\n\n Ireland\n\n\n Nepal\n\n\n Netherlands\nbesloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid\nbv\n\n\n Belgium\nbvba\n\n\nSociété Privée à Responsabilité Limitée\nSPRL\n\n\n France\nsociété à responsabilité limitée\nSARL\n\n\n Luxembourg\n\n\n Switzerland\n\n\nsocietà a garanzia limitata\n\n\n\nGesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung\nGmbH\n\n\n Liechtenstein\n\n\n Austria\n\n\n Germany\n\n\nUnternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt)\nUG (haftungsbeschränkt)\n\n\n Greece\nΕταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης\nΕ.Π.Ε.\n\n\nΙδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία\nΙ.Κ.Ε.\n\n\n Czech Republic\nSpolečnost s ručením omezeným\ns.r.o., spol. s r.o.\n\n\n Slovakia\nSpoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným\n\n\n Hungary\nkorlátolt felelősségű társaság\nkft.\n\n\n Poland\nspółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością\nsp. z o.o.\n\n\n Croatia\nDruštvo s ograničenom odgovornošću\nd.o.o. (д.о.о.)\n\n\n Bosnia and Herzegovina\n\n\n Serbia\nДруштво са ограниченом одговорношћу\n\n\n Macedonia\nDruštvo so ograničena odgovornost\n\n\n Slovenia\nDružba z omejeno odgovornostjo\n\n\n Spain\nsociedad de responsabilidad limitada\nSRL\n\n\n Mexico\n\n\n Peru\n\n\n Argentina\n\n\n Chile\n\n\n Colombia\n\n\ncompañía limitada\nLtda.\n\n\n Italy\nsocietà a responsabilità limitata\nSRL\n\n\n Portugal\nsociedade de responsabilidade limitada\nLda.\n\n\n Brazil\nsociedade limitada\nLtda., Lda.\n\n\n Russia\nобщество с ограниченной ответственностью\nООО\n\n\n Denmark\nanpartsselskab\nApS\n\n\n Sweden\nprivat aktiebolag\nAB\n\n\n Finland\n(Yksityinen) osakeyhtiö\nOY\n\n\n Australia\nproprietary limited company\nPty Ltd\n\n\n Malaysia\nSyarikat Sendirian Berhad\nSdn Bhd\n\n\n Singapore\n(exempt) private company limited by shares\nPte Ltd\n\n\n Estonia\nOsaühing\nOÜ\n\n\n Latvia\nSabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību\nSIA\n\n\n Lithuania\nUždaroji akcinė bendrovė\nUAB\n\n\n Uzbekistan\nMasuliyati Cheklangan Jamiyat\nMCHJ\n\n\n Romania\nSocietate cu Răspundere Limitată\nSRL\n\n\n Bulgaria\nДружество с ограничена отговорност\nООД\n\n\n Ukraine\nТовариство (з обмеженою відповідальністю)\nТОВ (Cyrillic)\n\n\n Albania\nShoqëria Me Përgjegjësi Të Kufizuar\nsh.p.k.\n\n\n Kosovo\n\n'] | ['private company'] |
Country
Business form
Abbreviation(s)
United States
limited liability company
LLC
privately held company
United Kingdom
private company limited by shares
Pvt. Ltd.
India
Hong Kong
Ireland
Nepal
Netherlands
besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid
bv
Belgium
bvba
Société Privée à Responsabilité Limitée
SPRL
France
société à responsabilité limitée
SARL
Luxembourg
Switzerland
società a garanzia limitata
Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
GmbH
Liechtenstein
Austria
Germany
Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt)
UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
Greece
Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης
Ε.Π.Ε.
Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία
Ι.Κ.Ε.
Czech Republic
Společnost s ručením omezeným
s.r.o., spol. s r.o.
Slovakia
Spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným
Hungary
korlátolt felelősségű társaság
kft.
Poland
spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością
sp. z o.o.
Croatia
Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću
d.o.o. (д.о.о.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbia
Друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу
Macedonia
Društvo so ograničena odgovornost
Slovenia
Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo
Spain
sociedad de responsabilidad limitada
SRL
Mexico
Peru
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
compañía limitada
Ltda.
Italy
società a responsabilità limitata
SRL
Portugal
sociedade de responsabilidade limitada
Lda.
Brazil
sociedade limitada
Ltda., Lda.
Russia
общество с ограниченной ответственностью
ООО
Denmark
anpartsselskab
ApS
Sweden
privat aktiebolag
AB
Finland
(Yksityinen) osakeyhtiö
OY
Australia
proprietary limited company
Pty Ltd
Malaysia
Syarikat Sendirian Berhad
Sdn Bhd
Singapore
(exempt) private company limited by shares
Pte Ltd
Estonia
Osaühing
OÜ
Latvia
Sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību
SIA
Lithuania
Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė
UAB
Uzbekistan
Masuliyati Cheklangan Jamiyat
MCHJ
Romania
Societate cu Răspundere Limitată
SRL
Bulgaria
Дружество с ограничена отговорност
ООД
Ukraine
Товариство (з обмеженою відповідальністю)
ТОВ (Cyrillic)
Albania
Shoqëria Me Përgjegjësi Të Kufizuar
sh.p.k.
Kosovo
|
[question]: What is the abbreviation for a limited liability company in the United States?
[answer]: The abbreviation for a limited liability company in the United States is LLC. | What is the abbreviation for a limited liability company in the United States? | The abbreviation for a limited liability company in the United States is LLC. | 1 | 7.332502 | 13 | 243 | 1 |
12,923 | 2,033,802,876,799,733,800 | Mesa Verde National Park | Mesa Verde National park - wikipedia Mesa Verde National park `` Mesa Verde '' redirects here . For other uses , see Mesa Verde ( disambiguation ) . Mesa Verde National Park IUCN category II ( national park ) Mesa Verde from the northeast , May 2007 Location Montezuma County , Colorado , United States , North America Nearest city Cortez , Colorado Coordinates 37 ° 11 ′ 02 '' N 108 ° 29 ′ 19 '' W / 37.183784 ° N 108.488687 ° W / 37.183784 ; - 108.488687 Coordinates : 37 ° 11 ′ 02 '' N 108 ° 29 ′ 19 '' W / 37.183784 ° N 108.488687 ° W / 37.183784 ; - 108.488687 Area 52,485 acres ( 212.40 km ) Established June 29 , 1906 ( 1906 - 06 - 29 ) Visitors 613,788 ( in 2017 ) Governing body National Park Service Website Mesa Verde National Park UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria iii Designated 1978 ( 2nd session ) Reference no . 27 State Party United States Region Europe and North America U.S. National Register of Historic Places Designated October 15 , 1966 Reference no . 66000251 Mesa Verde National Park is an American national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County , Colorado . It protects some of the best preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States . Created by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 , the park occupies 52,485 acres ( 21,240 ha ) near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest . With more than 4,300 sites , including 600 cliff dwellings , it is the largest archaeological preserve in the U.S. Mesa Verde ( Spanish for `` green table '' ) is best known for structures such as Cliff Palace , thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America . Starting c. 7500 BCE , Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by a group of nomadic Paleo - Indians known as the Foothills Mountain Complex . The variety of projectile points found in the region indicates they were influenced by surrounding areas , including the Great Basin , the San Juan Basin , and the Rio Grande Valley . Later , Archaic people established semi-permanent rockshelters in and around the mesa . By 1000 BCE , the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population , and by 750 CE the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture . The Mesa Verdeans survived using a combination of hunting , gathering , and subsistence farming of crops such as corn , beans , and squash . They built the mesa 's first pueblos sometime after 650 , and by the end of the 12th century , they began to construct the massive cliff dwellings for which the park is best known . By 1285 , following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts , they abandoned the area and moved south to locations in Arizona and New Mexico , including Rio Chama , Pajarito Plateau , and Santa Fe . Contents 1 Inhabitants 1.1 Paleo - Indians 1.2 Archaic 1.3 Basketmaker culture 1.4 Ancestral Puebloans 1.4. 1 Pueblo I : 750 to 900 1.4. 2 Pueblo II : 900 to 1150 1.4. 3 Pueblo III : 1150 to 1300 1.4. 4 Warfare 1.4. 5 Migration 1.4. 6 Organization 1.4. 7 Architecture 1.4. 8 Astronomy 1.4. 9 Agriculture and water - control systems 1.4. 10 Hunting and foraging 1.4. 11 Pottery 1.4. 12 Rock art and murals 2 Anthropogenic ecology , geography , and climate 3 Geology 4 Rediscovery 4.1 Wetherills 4.2 Gustaf Nordenskiöld 5 National Park 5.1 Excavation and protection 5.2 Conflicts with Local Tribes 5.3 Services 5.4 Wildfires and culturally modified trees 5.5 Ute Mountain Tribal Park 6 Key sites 6.1 Balcony House 6.2 Cliff Palace 6.3 Long House 6.4 Mug , Oak Tree , Spruce Tree , and Square Tower houses 7 References 8 External links Inhabitants ( edit ) Paleo - Indians ( edit ) Paleo - Indians hunting a glyptodont , by Heinrich Harder c. 1920 The first occupants of the Mesa Verde region , which spans from southeastern Utah to northwestern New Mexico , were nomadic Paleo - Indians who arrived in the area c. 9500 BCE . They followed herds of big game and camped near rivers and streams , many of which dried up as the glaciers that once covered parts of the San Juan Mountains receded . The earliest Paleo - Indians were the Clovis culture and Folsom tradition , defined largely by the way in which they fashioned projectile points . Although they left evidence of their presence throughout the region , there is little indication that they lived in central Mesa Verde during this time . After 9600 BCE , the area 's environment grew warmer and drier , a change that brought to central Mesa Verde pine forests and the animals that thrive in them . Paleo - Indians began inhabiting the mesa in increasing numbers c. 7500 , though it is unclear whether they were seasonal occupants or year - round residents . Development of the atlatl during this period made it easier for them to hunt smaller game , a crucial advance at a time when most of the region 's big game had disappeared from the landscape . Archaic ( edit ) Archaic pictographs , c. 2500 BCE , Sego Canyon , Utah 6000 BCE marks the beginning of the Archaic period in North America . Archaeologists differ as to the origin of the Mesa Verde Archaic population ; some believe they developed exclusively from local Paleo - Indians , called the Foothills Mountain Complex , but others suggest that the variety of projectile points found in Mesa Verde indicates influence from surrounding areas , including the Great Basin , the San Juan Basin , and the Rio Grande Valley . The Archaic people probably developed locally , but were also influenced by contact , trade , and intermarriage with immigrants from these outlying areas . The early Archaic people living near Mesa Verde utilized the atlatl and harvested a wider variety of plants and animals than the Paleo - Indians had , while retaining their primarily nomadic lifestyle . They inhabited the outlying areas of the Mesa Verde region , but also the mountains , mesa tops , and canyons , where they created rockshelters and rock art , and left evidence of animal processing and chert knapping . Environmental stability during the period drove population expansion and migration . Major warming and drying from 5000 to 2500 might have led middle Archaic people to seek the cooler climate of Mesa Verde , whose higher elevation brought increased snowpack that , when coupled with spring rains , provided relatively plentiful amounts of water . By the late Archaic , more people were living in semi-permanent rockshelters that preserved perishable goods such as baskets , sandals , and mats . They started to make a variety of twig figurines that usually resembled sheep or deer . The late Archaic is marked by increased trade in exotic materials such as obsidian and turquoise . Marine shells and abalone from the Pacific coast made their way to Mesa Verde from Arizona , and the Archaic people worked them into necklaces and pendants . Rock art flourished , and people lived in rudimentary houses made of mud and wood . Their early attempts at plant domestication eventually developed into the sustained agriculture that marked the end of the Archaic period , c. 1000 . Basketmaker culture ( edit ) Basketmaker II basket , c. 1 to 500 With the introduction of corn to the Mesa Verde region c. 1000 BCE and the trend away from nomadism toward permanent pithouse settlements , the Archaic Mesa Verdeans transitioned into what archaeologists call the Basketmaker culture . Basketmaker II people are characterized by their combination of foraging and farming skills , use of the atlatl , and creation of finely woven baskets in the absence of earthen pottery . By 300 , corn had become the preeminent staple of the Basketmaker II people 's diet , which relied less and less on wild food sources and more on domesticated crops . In addition to the fine basketry for which they were named , Basketmaker II people fashioned a variety of household items from plant and animal materials , including sandals , robes , pouches , mats , and blankets . They also made clay pipes and gaming pieces . Basketmaker men were relatively short and muscular , averaging less than 5.5 feet ( 1.7 m ) tall . Their skeletal remains reveal signs of hard labor and extensive travel , including degenerative joint disease , healed fractures , and moderate anemia associated with iron deficiency . They buried their dead near or amongst their settlements , and often included luxury items as gifts , which might indicate differences in relative social status . Basketmaker II people are also known for their distinctive rock art , which can be found throughout Mesa Verde . They depicted animals and people , in both abstract and realistic forms , in single works and more elaborate panels . A common subject was the hunchbacked flute player that the Hopi call Kokopelli . Basketmaker III basket , c. 450 to 750 By 500 , CE atlatls were being supplanted by the bow and arrow and baskets by pottery , marking the end of the Basketmaker II Era and the beginning of the Basketmaker III Era . Ceramic vessels were a major improvement over pitch - lined baskets , gourds , and animal hide containers , which had been the primary water storage containers in the region . Pottery also protected seeds against mold , insects , and rodents . By 600 , Mesa Verdeans were using clay pots to cook soups and stews . Year - round settlements first appear around this time . The population of the San Juan Basin increased markedly after 575 , when there were very few Basketmaker III sites in Mesa Verde ; by the early 7th century , there were many such sites in the mesa . For the next 150 years , villages typically consisted of small groups of one to three residences . The population of Mesa Verde c. 675 was approximately 1,000 to 1,500 people . Beans and new varieties of corn were introduced to the region c. 700 . By 775 , some settlements had grown to accommodate more than one hundred people ; the construction of large , above - ground storage buildings began around this time . Basketmakers endeavored to store enough food for their family for one year , but also retained residential mobility so they could quickly relocate their dwellings in the event of resource depletion or consistently inadequate crop yields . By the end of the 8th century , the smaller hamlets , which were typically occupied for ten to forty years , had been supplanted by larger ones that saw continuous occupation for as many as two generations . Basketmaker III people established a tradition of holding large ceremonial gatherings near community pit structures . Ancestral Puebloans ( edit ) Main article : Ancestral Puebloans Pueblo I : 750 to 900 ( edit ) Main article : Pueblo I Period Major Ancestral Puebloan settlements in the San Juan Basin Pueblo I protokiva on Chapin Mesa , Mesa Verde National Park 750 marks the end of the Basketmaker III Era and the beginning of the Pueblo I period . The transition is characterized by major changes in the design and construction of buildings and the organization of household activities . Pueblo I people doubled their capacity for food storage from one year to two and built interconnected , year - round residences called pueblos . Many household activities that had previously been reserved for subterranean pithouses were moved to these above - ground dwellings . This altered the function of pithouses from all - purpose spaces to ones used primarily for community ceremonies , although they continued to house large extended families , particularly during winter months . During the late 8th century , Mesa Verdeans began building square pit structures that archaeologists call proto kivas . They were typically 3 or 4 feet ( 0.91 or 1.22 m ) deep and 12 to 20 feet ( 3.7 to 6.1 m ) wide . The first pueblos appeared at Mesa Verde sometime after 650 ; by 850 more than half of Mesa Verdeans lived in them . As local populations grew , Puebloans found it difficult to survive on hunting , foraging , and gardening , which made them increasingly reliant on domesticated corn . This shift from semi-nomadism to a `` sedentary and communal way of life changed ancestral Pueblo society forever '' . Within a generation the average number of households in these settlements grew from one to three to fifteen to twenty , with average populations of two hundred people . Population density increased dramatically , with as many as a dozen families occupying roughly the same space that had formerly housed two . This brought increased security against raids and encouraged greater cooperation amongst residents . It also facilitated trade and intermarriage between clans , and by the late 8th century , as Mesa Verde 's population was being augmented by settlers from the south , four distinct cultural groups occupied the same villages . Large Pueblo I settlements laid claim to the resources found within 15 to 30 square miles ( 39 to 78 km ) . They were typically organized in groups of at least three and spaced about 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) apart . By 860 , there were approximately 8,000 people living in Mesa Verde . Within the plazas of larger villages , the Pueblo I people dug massive pit structures of 800 square feet ( 74 m ) that became central gathering places . These structures represent early architectural expressions of what would eventually develop into the Pueblo II Era great houses of Chaco Canyon . Despite robust growth during the early and mid-9th century , unpredictable rainfall and periodic drought led to a dramatic reversal of settlement trends in the area . Many late Pueblo I villages were abandoned after less than forty years of occupation , and by 880 Mesa Verde 's population was in steady decline . The beginning of the 10th century saw widespread depopulation of the region , as people emigrated south of the San Juan River to Chaco Canyon in search of reliable rains for farming . As Mesa Verdeans migrated south , to where many of their ancestors had emigrated two hundred years before , the influence of Chaco Canyon grew , and by 950 Chaco had supplanted Mesa Verde as the region 's cultural center . Pueblo II : 900 to 1150 ( edit ) Main article : Pueblo II Period Square Tower House The Pueblo II Period is marked by the growth and outreach of communities centered around the great houses of Chaco Canyon . Despite their participation in the vast Chacoan system , Mesa Verdeans retained a distinct cultural identity while melding regional innovation with ancient tradition , inspiring further architectural advancements ; the 9th century Mesa Verdean pueblos influenced two hundred years of Chacoan great house construction . Droughts during the late 9th century rendered Mesa Verdean dry land farming unreliable , which led to their growing crops only near drainages for the next 150 years . Crop yields returned to healthy levels by the early 11th century . By 1050 the population of the area began to rebound ; as agricultural prosperity increased , people immigrated to Mesa Verde from the south . Mesa Verdean farmers increasingly relied on masonry reservoirs during the Pueblo II Era . During the 11th century , they built check dams and terraces near drainages and slopes in an effort to conserve soil and runoff . These fields offset the danger of crop failures in the larger dry land fields . By the mid-10th and early 11th centuries , protokivas had evolved into smaller circular structures called kivas , which were usually 12 to 15 feet ( 3.7 to 4.6 m ) across . These Mesa Verde - style kivas included a feature from earlier times called a sipapu , which is a hole dug in the north of the chamber and symbolizes the Ancestral Puebloan 's place of emergence from the underworld . At this time , Mesa Verdeans began to move away from the post and mud jacal - style buildings that marked the Pueblo I Period toward masonry construction , which had been utilized in the region as early as 700 , but was not widespread until the 11th and 12th centuries . The expansion of Chacoan influence in the Mesa Verde area left its most visible mark in the form of Chaco - style masonry great houses that became the focal point of many Mesa Verdean villages after 1075 . Far View House , the largest of these , is considered a classic Chaco `` outlier , '' on which construction likely began between 1075 and 1125 , although some archaeologists argue that it was begun as early as 1020 . The era 's timber and earth unit pueblos were typically inhabited for about twenty years . During the early 12th century , the locus of regional control shifted away from Chaco to Aztec , New Mexico , in the southern Mesa Verde region . By 1150 , drought had once again stressed the region 's inhabitants , leading to a temporary cessation of great house construction at Mesa Verde . Pueblo III : 1150 to 1300 ( edit ) Main article : Pueblo III Period Cliff Palace is the largest cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park . A severe drought from 1130 to 1180 led to rapid depopulation in many parts of the San Juan Basin , particularly at Chaco Canyon . As the extensive Chacoan system collapsed , people increasingly migrated to Mesa Verde , causing major population growth in the area . This led to much larger settlements of six to eight hundred people , which reduced mobility for Mesa Verdeans , who had in the past frequently relocated their dwellings and fields as part of their agriculture strategy . In order to sustain these larger populations , they dedicated more and more of their labor to farming . Population increases also led to expanded tree felling that reduced habitat for many wild plant and animal species that the Mesa Verdeans had relied on , further deepening their dependency on domesticated crops that were susceptible to drought - related failure . The Chacoan system brought large quantities of imported goods to Mesa Verde during the late 11th and early 12th centuries , including pottery , shells , and turquoise , but by the late 12th century , as the system collapsed , the amount of goods imported by the mesa quickly declined , and Mesa Verde became isolated from the surrounding region . For approximately six hundred years , most Mesa Verdean farmers had lived in small , mesa - top homesteads of one or two families . They were typically located near their fields and walking distance to sources of water . This practice continued into the mid - to late 12th century , but by the start of the 13th century they began living in canyon locations that were close to water sources and within walking distance of their fields . Mesa Verdean villages thrived during the mid-Pueblo III Era , when architects constructed massive , multi-story buildings , and artisans adorned pottery with increasingly elaborate designs . Structures built during this period have been described as `` among the world 's greatest archaeological treasures '' . Pueblo III masonry buildings were typically occupied for approximately fifty years , more than double the usable lifespan of the Pueblo II jacal structures . Others were continuously inhabited for two hundred years or more . Architectural innovations such as towers and multi-walled structures also appear during the Pueblo III Era . Mesa Verde 's population remained fairly stable during the 12th century drought . At the start of the 13th century , approximately 22,000 people lived there . The area saw moderate population increases during the following decades , and dramatic ones from 1225 to 1260 . Most of the people in the region lived in the plains west of the mesa at locations such as Yellow Jacket Pueblo , near Cortez , Colorado . Others colonized canyon rims and slopes in multi-family structures that grew to unprecedented size as populations swelled . By 1260 , the majority of Mesa Verdeans lived in large pueblos that housed several families and more than one hundred people . The 13th century saw 69 years of below average rainfall in the Mesa Verde region , and after 1270 the area suffered from especially cold temperatures . Dendrochronology indicates that the last tree felled for construction on the mesa was cut in 1281 . There was a major decline in ceramic imports to the region during this time , but local production remained steady . Despite challenging conditions , the Puebloans continued to farm the area until a severely dry period from 1276 to 1299 ended seven hundred years of continuous human occupation at Mesa Verde . Archaeologists refer to this period as the `` Great Drought '' . The last inhabitants of the mesa left the area c. 1285 . Warfare ( edit ) Oak Tree House During the Pueblo III period ( 1150 to 1300 ) , Mesa Verdeans built numerous stone masonry towers that likely served as defensive structures . They often incorporated hidden tunnels connecting the towers to associated kivas . Warfare was conducted using the same tools the Mesa Verdeans used for hunting game , including bows and arrows , stone axes , and wooden clubs and spears . They also crafted hide and basket shields that were used only during battles . Periodic warfare occurred on the mesa throughout the 13th century . Civic leaders in the region likely attained power and prestige by distributing food during times of drought . This system probably broke down during the `` Great Drought '' , leading to intense warfare between competing clans . Increasing economic and social uncertainty during the century 's final decades led to widespread conflict . Evidence of partly burned villages and post-mortem trauma have been uncovered , and the residents of one village appear to have been the victims of a site - wide massacre . Evidence of violence and cannibalism has been documented in the central Mesa Verde region . While most of the violence , which peaked between 1275 and 1285 , is generally ascribed to in - fighting amongst Mesa Verdeans , archaeological evidence found at Sand Canyon Pueblo , in Canyons of the Ancients National Monument , suggests that violent interactions also occurred between Mesa Verdeans and people from outside the region . Evidence of the attacks was discovered by members of the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center during the 1990s . The assaults , which also occurred at the national monument 's Castle Rock Pueblo , were dated to c. 1280 , and are considered to have effectively ended several centuries of Puebloan occupation at those sites . Many of the victims showed signs of skull fractures , and the uniformity of the injuries suggest that most were inflicted with a small stone axe . Others were scalped , dismembered , and cannibalized . The anthropophagy ( cannibalism ) might have been undertaken as a survival strategy during times of starvation . The archaeological record indicates that , rather than being isolated to the Mesa Verde region , violent conflict was widespread in North America during the late 13th and early 14th centuries , and was likely exacerbated by global climate changes that negatively affected food supplies throughout the continent . Migration ( edit ) The Mesa Verde region saw unusually cold and dry conditions during the beginning of the 13th century . This might have driven emigration to Mesa Verde from less hospitable locations . The added population stressed the mesa 's environment , further straining an agricultural society that was suffering from drought . The region 's bimodal precipitation pattern , which brought rainfall during spring and summer and snowfall during autumn and winter , began to fail post-1250 . After 1260 , there was a rapid depopulation of Mesa Verde , as `` tens of thousands of people '' emigrated or died from starvation . Many smaller communities in the Four Corners region were also abandoned during this period . The Ancestral Puebloans had a long history of migration in the face of environmental instability , but the depopulation of Mesa Verde at the end of the 13th century was different in that the region was almost completely emptied , and no descendants returned to build permanent settlements . While drought , resource depletion , and overpopulation all contributed to instability during the last two centuries of Ancestral Puebloan occupation , their overdependence on maize crops is considered the `` fatal flaw '' of their subsistence strategy . The vacating Mesa Verdeans left almost no direct evidence of their migration , but they left behind household goods , including cooking utensils , tools , and clothing , which gave archaeologists the impression that the emigration was haphazard or hurried . An estimated 20,000 people lived in the region during the 13th century , but by the start of the 14th century the area was nearly uninhabited . Many emigrants relocated to southern Arizona and New Mexico . Although the rate of settlement is unclear , increases in sparsely populated areas , such as Rio Chama , Pajarito Plateau , and Santa Fe , correspond directly with the period of migration from Mesa Verde . Archaeologists believe the Mesa Verdeans who settled in the areas near the Rio Grande , where Mesa Verde black - on - white pottery became widespread during the 14th century , were likely related to the households they joined and not unwelcome intruders . Archaeologists view this migration as a continuation , versus a dissolution , of Ancestral Puebloan society and culture . Many others relocated to the banks of the Little Colorado River , in western New Mexico and eastern Arizona . While archaeologists tend to focus on the `` push '' factors that drove the Mesa Verdeans away from the region , there were also several environmental `` pull factors '' , such as warmer temperatures , better farming conditions , plentiful timber , and bison herds , which incentivized relocation to the area near the Rio Grande . In addition to numerous settlements along the Rio Grande , contemporary descendants of the Mesa Verdeans live in pueblos at Acomo , Zuni , Jemez , and Laguna . Organization ( edit ) Although Chaco Canyon might have exerted regional control over Mesa Verde during the late 11th and early 12th centuries , most archaeologists view the Mesa Verde region as a collection of smaller communities based on central sites and related outliers that were never fully integrated into a larger civic structure . Several ancient roads , averaging 15 to 45 feet ( 4.6 to 13.7 m ) wide and lined with earthen berms , have been identified in the region . Most appear to connect communities and shrines ; others encircle great house sites . The extent of the network is unclear , but no roads have been discovered leading to the Chacoan Great North Road , or directly connecting Mesa Verde and Chacoan sites . Ancestral Puebloan shrines , called herraduras , have been identified near road segments in the region . Their purpose is unclear , but several C - shaped herraduras have been excavated , and they are thought to have been `` directional shrines '' used to indicate the location of great houses . Architecture ( edit ) Section view of Kiva A in Mesa Verde 's Fire Temple , cut from laser scan data collected by a CyArk / National Park Service partnership . Since Fire Temple was at least partially built to conform to the dimensions of the cliff alcove in which it was built , it is neither round in form nor truly subterranean like other structures generally defined as kivas . Mesa Verde is best known for a large number of well - preserved cliff dwellings , houses built in alcoves , or rock overhangs along the canyon walls . The structures contained within these alcoves were mostly blocks of hard sandstone , held together and plastered with adobe mortar . Specific constructions had many similarities but were generally unique in form due to the individual topography of different alcoves along the canyon walls . In marked contrast to earlier constructions and villages on top of the mesas , the cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde reflected a region - wide trend towards the aggregation of growing regional populations into close , highly defensible quarters during the 13th century . Pueblo buildings were built with stone , windows facing south , and in U , E and L shapes . The buildings were located more closely together and reflected deepening religious celebration . Towers were built near kivas and likely used for lookouts . Pottery became more versatile , including pitchers , ladles , bowls , jars and dishware for food and drink . White pottery with black designs emerged , the pigments coming from plants . Water management and conservation techniques , including the use of reservoirs and silt - retaining dams , also emerged during this period . Styles for these sandstone / mortar constructions , both surface and cliff dwellings , included T - shaped windows and doors . This has been taken by some archaeologists , including Stephen H. Lekson , as evidence of the continuing reach of the Chacoan system . Other researchers see these elements as part of a more generalized Puebloan style or spiritual significance rather than evidence of a continuing specific elite socioeconomic system . While much of the construction in these sites is consistent with common Pueblo architectural forms , including kivas , towers , and pit - houses , the space constrictions of these alcoves necessitated what seems to have been a far denser concentration of their populations . Mug House , a typical cliff dwelling of the period , was home to around 100 people who shared 94 small rooms and eight kivas built against each other and sharing many of their walls ; builders in these areas maximized space in any way they could , with no areas considered off - limits to construction . Astronomy ( edit ) The Sun Temple at Mesa Verde Mesa Verdeans used astronomical observations to plan their farming and religious ceremonies , drawing on both natural features in the landscape and masonry structures built for this purpose . Several great houses in the region were aligned to the cardinal directions , which positioned windows , doors , and walls along the path of the sun , whose rays would indicate the passing of seasons . Mesa Verde 's Sun Temple is thought to have been an astronomical observatory . The temple is D - shaped , and its alignment is 10.7 degrees off true east - west . Its location and orientation indicate that its builders understood the cycles of both the sun and the moon . It is aligned to the major lunar standstill , which occurs once every 18.6 years , and the sunset during the winter solstice , which can be viewed setting over the temple from a platform at the south end of Cliff Palace , across Fewkes Canyon . At the bottom of the canyon is the Sun Temple fire pit , which is illuminated by the first rays of the rising sun during the winter solstice . Sun Temple is one of the largest exclusively ceremonial structures ever built by the Ancestral Puebloans . Agriculture and water - control systems ( edit ) Far View Reservoir Starting in the 6th century , the farmers living in central Mesa Verde cultivated corn , beans , squash , and gourds . The combination of corn and beans provided the Mesa Verdeans with the amino acids of a complete protein . When conditions were good , 3 or 4 acres ( 1.2 or 1.6 ha ) of land would provide enough food for a family of three or four individuals for one year , providing they supplemented with game and wild plants . As Mesa Verdeans increasingly relied on corn as a dietary staple , the success or failure of crop yields factored heavily into their lives . The mesa tilts slightly to the south , which increased its exposure to the sun . Before the introduction of pottery , foods were baked , roasted , and parched . Hot rocks dropped into containers could bring water to a brief boil , but because beans must be boiled for an hour or more their use was not widespread until after pottery had disseminated throughout the region . With the increased availability of ceramics after 600 , beans became much easier to cook . This provided a high quality protein that reduced reliance on hunting . It also aided corn cultivation , as legumes add much needed nutrients to soils they are grown in , which likely increased corn yields . The most Mesa Verdeans practiced dry farming , which relied on rain to water their crops , but others utilized runoff , springs , seeps , and natural collection pools . Starting in the 9th century , they dug and maintained reservoirs that caught runoff from summer showers and spring snowmelt ; some crops were watered by hand . Archaeologists believe that prior to the 13th century , springs and other sources of water were considered shared public resources , but as Mesa Verdeans moved into increasingly larger pueblos built near or around water supplies control was privatized and limited to members of the surrounding community . Between 750 and 800 , Mesa Verdeans began constructing two large water containment structures in canyon bottoms -- the Morefield and Box Elder reservoirs . Soon afterward , work began on two more : the Far View and Sagebrush reservoirs , which were approximately 90 feet ( 27 m ) across and constructed on the mesa top . The reservoirs lie on an east - west line that runs for approximately 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) , which suggests builders followed a centralized plan for the system . In 2004 , the American Society of Civil Engineers designated these four structures as National Civil Engineering Historic Landmarks . A 2014 geospatial analyses suggested that neither collection nor retention of water was possible in the Far View Reservoir . This interpretation views the structure as a ceremonial space with procession roads in an adaptation of Chacoan culture . Hunting and foraging ( edit ) Ancestral Puebloan bone awls Mesa Verdeans typically harvested local small game , but sometimes organized hunting parties that traveled long distances . Their main sources of animal protein came from mule deer and rabbits , but they occasionally hunted Bighorn sheep , antelope , and elk . They began to domesticate turkeys starting around 1000 , and by the 13th century consumption of the animal peaked , supplanting deer as the primary protein source at many sites . These domesticated turkeys consumed large amounts of corn , which further deepened reliance on the staple crop . Puebloans wove blankets from turkey feathers and rabbit fur , and made implements such as awls and needles from turkey and deer bones . Despite the availability of fish in the area 's rivers and streams , archaeological evidence suggests that they were rarely eaten . Mesa Verdeans supplemented their diet by gathering the seeds and fruits of wild plants , searching large expanses of land while procuring these resources . Depending on the season , they collected piñon nuts and juniper berries , weedy goosefoot , pigweed , purslane , tomatillo , tansy mustard , globe mallow , sunflower seeds , and yucca , as well as various species of grass and cacti . Prickly pear fruits provided a rare source of natural sugar . Wild seeds were cooked and ground up into porridge . They used sagebrush and mountain mahogany , along with piñon and juniper , for firewood . They also smoked wild tobacco . Because the Ancestral Puebloans considered all material consumed and discarded by their communities as sacred , their midden piles were viewed with reverence . Starting during the Basketmaker III period , c. 700 , Mesa Verdeans often buried their dead in these mounds . Pottery ( edit ) Mesa Verde black - on - white Mesa Verde corrugated jars Scholars are divided as to whether pottery was invented in the Four Corners region or introduced from the south . Specimens of shallow , unfired clay bowls found at Canyon de Chelly indicate the innovation might have been derived from using clay bowls to parch seeds . Repeated uses rendered these bowls hard and impervious to water , which might represent the first fired pottery in the region . An alternate theory suggests that pottery originated in the Mogollon Rim area to the south , where brown - paste bowls were used during the first few centuries of the common era . Others believe pottery was introduced to Mesa Verde from Mexico , c. 300 CE . There is no evidence of ancient pottery markets in the region , but archaeologists believe that local potters exchanged decorative wares between families . Cooking pots made with crushed igneous rock tempers from places like Ute Mountain were more resilient and desirable , and Puebloans from throughout the region traded for them . Neutron activation analysis indicates that much of the black - on - white pottery found at Mesa Verde was produced locally . Cretaceous clays from both the Dakota and Menefee Formations were used in black - on - white wares , and Mancos Formation clays for corrugated jars . Evidence that pottery of both types moved between several locations around the region suggests interaction between groups of ancient potters , or they might have shared a common source of raw materials . The Mesa Verde black - on - white pottery was produced at three locations : Sand Canyon , Castle Rock , and Mesa Verde . Archeological evidence indicates that nearly every household had at least one member who worked as a potter . Trench kilns were constructed away from pueblos and closer to sources of firewood . Their sizes vary , but the larger ones were up to 24 feet ( 7.3 m ) long and thought to have been shared kilns that served several families . Designs were added to ceramic vessels with a Yucca - leaf brush and paints made from iron , manganese , beeplant , and tansy mustard . Most of the pottery found in 9th century pueblos was sized for individuals or small families , but as communal ceremonialism expanded during the 13th century , many larger , feast -- sized vessels were produced . Corrugated decorations appear on Mesa Verde grey wares after 700 , and by 1000 entire vessels were crafted in this way . The technique created a rough exterior surface that was easier to hold on to than regular grey wares , which were smooth . By the 11th century these corrugated vessels , which dissipated heat more efficiently than smoother ones , had largely replaced the older style , whose tendency to retain heat made them prone to boiling over . Corrugation likely developed as ancient potters attempted to mimic the visual properties of coiled basketry . Corrugated wares were made using clay from formations other than Menefee , which suggests that ancient potters selected different clays for different styles . Potters also selected clays and altered firing conditions to achieve specific colors . Under normal conditions , pots made of Mancos shale turned grey when fired , and those made of Morrison Formation clay turned white . Clays from southeastern Utah turned red when fired in a high - oxygen environment . Rock art and murals ( edit ) Mesa Verde 's Petroglyph Point ; the glyphs represent ( top ; from right to left ) the Eagle , Mountain Sheep , Parrot , Horned Toad , and Mountain Lion clans , and the Ancestral Puebloans ( bottom ) . Rock art is found throughout the Mesa Verde region , but its dispersion is uneven and periodic . Some locations have numerous examples ; others have none , and some periods saw prolific creation , while others saw little . Styles also vary over time . Examples are relatively rare on Mesa Verde proper , but abundant in the middle San Juan River area , which might indicate the river 's importance as a travel route and key source of water . Common motifs in the rock art of the region include , anthropomorphic figures in procession and during copulation or childbirth , handprints , animal and people tracks , wavy lines , spirals , concentric circles , animals , and hunting scenes . As the region 's population plummeted during the late 13th century , the subject of Mesa Verdean rock art increasingly shifted to depictions of shields , warriors , and battle scenes . Modern Hopi have interpreted the petroglyphs at Mesa Verde 's Petroglyph Point as depictions of various clans of people . Starting during the late Pueblo II period ( 1020 ) and continuing through Pueblo III ( 1300 ) , the Ancestral Puebloans of the Mesa Verde region created plaster murals in their great houses , particularly in their kivas . The murals contained both painted and inscribed images depicting animals , people , and designs used in textiles and pottery dating back as far as Basketmaker III , c. 500 . Others depict triangles and mounds thought to represent mountains and hills in the surrounding landscape . The murals were typically located on the face of the kiva bench and usually encircled the room . Geometric patterns that resemble symbols used in pottery and zigzag that represent stitches used in basket making are common motifs . The painted murals include the colors red , green , yellow , white , brown , and blue . The designs were still in use by the Hopi during the 15th and 16th centuries . Anthropogenic ecology , geography , and climate ( edit ) Anthropogenic ecology refers to the human impact on animals and plants in an ecosystem . A shift from medium and large game animals , such as deer , bighorn sheep , and antelope , to smaller ones like rabbits and turkey during the mid-10th to mid-13th centuries might indicate that Mesa Verdean subsistence hunting had dramatically altered faunal populations on the mesa . Analysis of pack rat midden indicates that , with the exception of invasive species such as tumbleweed and clover , the flora and fauna in the area have remained relatively consistent for the past 4,000 years . Mesa Verde 's canyons were created by streams that eroded the hard sandstone that covers the area . This resulted in Mesa Verde National Park elevations ranging from about 6,000 to 8,572 feet ( 1,829 to 2,613 m ) , the highest elevation at Park Point . The terrain in the park is now a transition zone between the low desert plateaus and the Rocky Mountains . The region 's precipitation pattern is bimodal , meaning agriculture is sustained through snowfall during winter and autumn and rainfall during spring and summer . The climate is semi-arid . Water for farming and consumption was provided by summer rains , winter snowfall , and seeps and springs in and near the Mesa Verde villages . At 7,000 feet ( 2,100 m ) , the middle mesa areas were typically ten degrees Fahrenheit ( 5.5 ° C ) cooler than the mesa top , which reduced the amount of water needed for farming . The cliff dwellings were built to take advantage of solar energy . The angle of the sun in winter warmed the masonry of the cliff dwellings , warm breezes blew from the valley , and the air was ten to twenty degrees warmer in the canyon alcoves than on the top of the mesa . In the summer , with the sun high overhead , much of the village was protected from direct sunlight in the high cliff dwellings . Geology ( edit ) Although the area 's first Spanish explorers named the feature Mesa Verde , the term is a misnomer , as true mesas are almost perfectly flat . Because Mesa Verde is slanted to the south , the proper geological term is cuesta , not mesa . The park is made up of several smaller cuestas located between canyons . Mesa Verde 's slant contributed to the formation of the alcoves that have preserved the area 's cliff dwellings . In the late Cretaceous Period , the Mancos Shale was deposited on top of the Dakota Sandstone , which is the rock formation that can be found under much of Colorado . The beds of the Mancos Shale are `` fine - grained sand - stones , mudstones , and shales '' which accumulated in the deep water of the Cretaceous Sea . It has a high clay content which causes it to expand when wet leading to sliding of the terrain . On top of this shale , there are three formations in the Mesaverde group which reflect the changes in depositional environment in the area over time . The first is the Point Lookout Sandstone , which is named for the Point Lookout feature in the park ( elevation 8427 feet ) . This sandstone , which formed in the marine environment of shallow water when the Cretaceous sea was receding , is `` massive , fine - grained , cross-bedded , and very resistant '' , in its layers reflecting waves and currents that were present during the time of its formation . Its sediments are approximately 400 feet thick , and its upper layers feature fossiliferous invertebrates . Next is the Menefee Formation , the middle formation whose content features interbedded carbonaceous shales , siltstones , and sandstones . These were deposited in semi-marine environments of brackish water , such as swamps and lagoons . Due to its depositional environment and the organic material in its composition , there are thin coal seams running through the Menefee Formation . At the top , this formation is intruded upon by the Cliff House Sandstone . The Cliff House Sandstone is the area 's youngest rock layer . It was formed after the Cretaceous sea had completely receded and as a result has a high sand content from beaches , dunes , etc. and from this receives its characteristic yellow tint to its canyon faces . Like the Point Lookout Sandstone , it is about 400 feet thick . It contains numerous fossil beds of different types of shells , fish teeth , and other invertebrate leftovers from the receded sea . The shale zones in this feature determine where alcoves formed where the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings . Continuing through the Cretaceous period and into the early Tertiary , there was uplifting in the area of the Colorado Plateau , the San Juan Mountains , and the La Plata Mountains , which led to the formation of the Mesa Verde pediment with the help of erosion . Small channels of water ran across this formation depositing gravel . Later in the tertiary , the last period of uplift and rock tilting towards the south caused these streams to cut rapidly into the rock removing loose sediment and forming the vast canyons seen today . This caused the isolation of the Mesa Verde pediment from surrounding rock . Today , since the climate is more arid , these erosional processes are slowed . Rediscovery ( edit ) Spruce Tree House Mexican - Spanish missionaries and explorers Francisco Atanasio Domínguez and Silvestre Vélez de Escalante , seeking a route from Santa Fe to California , faithfully recorded their travels in 1776 . They reached Mesa Verde ( green plateau ) region , which they named after its high , tree - covered plateaus , but they never got close enough , or into the needed angle , to see the ancient stone villages . They were the first white men to travel the route through much of the Colorado Plateau into Utah and back through Arizona to New Mexico . The Mesa Verde region has long been occupied by the Utes , and an 1868 treaty between them and the United States government recognized Ute ownership of all Colorado land west of the Continental Divide . After there had become an interest in land in western Colorado , a new treaty in 1873 left the Ute with a strip of land in southwestern Colorado between the border with New Mexico and 15 miles north . Most of Mesa Verde lies within this strip of land . The Ute wintered in the warm , deep canyons and found sanctuary there and the high plateaus of Mesa Verde . Believing the cliff dwellings to be sacred ancestral sites , they did not live in the ancient dwellings . Occasional trappers and prospectors visited , with one prospector , John Moss , making his observations known in 1873 . The following year , Moss led eminent photographer William Henry Jackson through Mancos Canyon , at the base of Mesa Verde . There , Jackson both photographed and publicized a typical stone cliff dwelling . Geologist William H. Holmes retraced Jackson 's route in 1875 . Reports by both Jackson and Holmes were included in the 1876 report of the Hayden Survey , one of the four federally financed efforts to explore the American West . These and other publications led to proposals to systematically study Southwestern archaeological sites . In her quest to find Ancestral Puebloan settlements , Virginia McClurg , a journalist for the New York Daily Graphic , visited Mesa Verde in 1882 and 1885 . Her party rediscovered Echo Cliff House , Three Tier House , and Balcony House in 1885 ; these discoveries inspired her to protect the dwellings and artifacts . Wetherills ( edit ) A family of cattle ranchers , the Wetherills , befriended members of the Ute tribe near their ranch southwest of Mancos , Colorado . With the Ute tribe 's approval , the Wetherills were allowed to bring cattle into the lower , warmer plateaus of the present Ute reservation during winter . Word of the Ancestral Puebloan great houses had spread , and Acowitz , a member of the Ute tribe , told the Wetherills of a special cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde : `` Deep in that canyon and near its head are many houses of the old people -- the Ancient Ones . One of those houses , high , high in the rocks , is bigger than all the others . Utes never go there , it is a sacred place . '' On December 18 , 1888 , Richard Wetherill and cowboy Charlie Mason rediscovered Cliff Palace after spotting the ruins from the top of Mesa Verde . Wetherill gave the ruin its present - day name . Richard Wetherill , family and friends explored the ruins and gathered artifacts , some of which they sold to the Historical Society of Colorado and much of which they kept . Among the people who stayed with the Wetherills and explored the cliff dwellings was mountaineer , photographer , and author Frederick H. Chapin , who visited the region during 1889 and 1890 . He described the landscape and ruins in an 1890 article and later in an 1892 book , The Land of the Cliff - Dwellers , which he illustrated with hand - drawn maps and personal photographs . Gustaf Nordenskiöld ( edit ) Cliff Palace in 1891 , by Gustaf Nordenskiöld The Wetherills also hosted Gustaf Nordenskiöld , the son of polar explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld , in 1891 . Nordenskiöld was a trained mineralogist who introduced scientific methods to artifact collection , recorded locations , photographed extensively , diagrammed sites , and correlated what he observed with existing archaeological literature as well as the home - grown expertise of the Wetherills . He removed a lot of artifacts and sent them to Sweden , where they eventually went to the National Museum of Finland . Nordenskiöld published , in 1893 , The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde . When Nordenskiöld shipped the collection that he made of Mesa Verde artifacts , the event initiated concerns about the need to protect Mesa Verde land and its resources . National park ( edit ) Park map In 1889 , Goodman Point Pueblo became the first pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Mesa Verde region to gain federal protection . It was the first such site to be protected in the US . Virginia McClurg was diligent in her efforts between 1887 and 1906 to inform the United States and European community of the importance of protecting the important historical material and dwellings in Mesa Verde . Her efforts included enlisting support from 250,000 women through the Federation of Women 's Clubs , writing and having published poems in popular magazines , giving speeches domestically and internationally , and forming the Colorado Cliff Dwellers Association . The Colorado Cliff Dwellers ' purpose was to protect the resources of Colorado cliff dwellings , reclaiming as much of the original artifacts as possible and sharing information about the people who dwelt there . A fellow activist for protection of Mesa Verde and prehistoric archaeological sites included Lucy Peabody , who , located in Washington , D.C. , met with members of Congress to further the cause . Former Mesa Verde National Park superintendent Robert Heyder communicated his belief that the park might have been far more significant with the hundreds of artifacts taken by Nordenskiöld . Jesse Walter Fewkes at Mesa Verde cliff dwellings , c. 1910 Mesa Verde National Park , 1917 By the end of the 19th century , it was clear that Mesa Verde needed protection from people in general who came to Mesa Verde and created or sold their own collection of artifacts . In a report to the Secretary of the Interior , Smithsonian Institution Ethnologist Jesse Walter Fewkes described vandalism at Mesa Verde 's Cliff Palace : Parties of `` curio seekers '' camped on the ruin for several winters , and it is reported that many hundred specimens there have been carried down the mesa and sold to private individuals . Some of these objects are now in museums , but many are forever lost to science . In order to secure this valuable archaeological material , walls were broken down ... often simply to let light into the darker rooms ; floors were invariably opened and buried kivas mutilated . To facilitate this work and get rid of the dust , great openings were broken through the five walls which form the front of the ruin . Beams were used for firewood to so great an extent that not a single roof now remains . This work of destruction , added to that resulting from erosion due to rain , left Cliff Palace in a sad condition . Many artifacts from Mesa Verde are now located in museums and private collections in the USA and across the world . A representative selection of pottery vessels and other objects , for example , is now in the British Museum in London . In 1906 , President Theodore Roosevelt approved creation of the Mesa Verde National Park and the Federal Antiquities Act of 1906 . The park was an effort to `` preserve the works of man '' and was the first park created to protect a location of cultural significance . The park was named with the Spanish term for green table because of its forests of juniper and piñon trees . Excavation and protection ( edit ) Between 1908 and 1922 , Spruce Tree House , Cliff Palace , and Sun Temple ruins were stabilised . Most of the early efforts were led by Jesse Walter Fewkes . During the 1930s and 40s , Civilian Conservation Corps workers , starting in 1932 , played key roles in excavation efforts , building trails and roads , creating museum exhibits and constructing buildings at Mesa Verde . From 1958 to 1965 , Wetherill Mesa Archaeological Project included archaeological excavations , stabilization of sites , and surveys . With excavation and study of eleven Wetherill Mesa sites , it is considered the largest archaeological effort in the US . The project oversaw the excavation of Long House and Mug House . In 1966 , as with all historical areas administered by the National Park Service , Mesa Verde was listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and in 1987 , the Mesa Verde Administrative District was listed on the register . It was designated a World Heritage Site in 1978 . In its 2015 travel awards , Sunset magazine named Mesa Verde National Park `` the best cultural attraction '' in the Western United States . Conflicts with local tribes ( edit ) Clashes between non-Indigenous environmentalists and local tribes surrounding the ruins at Mesa Verde began even before the park 's official establishment . Conflicts over who laid claim to the land surrounding the ruins came to fruition in 1911 , when the US government wanted to secure more land for the park that was owned by the Ute Indians . The Utes were reluctant to agree to the land swap proposed by the government , noting that the land they were seeking was the best land the tribe owned . Frederick Abbott , working with Indian Office official James McLaughlin , proclaimed to be an ally to the Ute in negotiations . Abbott later claimed that the `` government was stronger than the Utes , '' saying that when the government finds `` old ruins on land that it wants to take for public purposes , it has the right to take it ... '' Feeling they were left with no other options , the Utes reluctantly agreed to trade the 10,000 acres on Chapin Mesa for 19,500 acres on Ute Mountain . The Utes continued to battle the Bureau of Indian Affairs to prevent more Ute land from being incorporated into the park . In 1935 , the BIA attempted to gain back some the land traded in 1911 . Additionally , superintendent Jesse Nusbaum later confessed that the Ute Mountain land traded for Chapin Mesa in 1911 belonged to the tribe anyway , meaning the government had traded land that never belonged to them in the first place . Other issues unrelated to land disputes emerged as a result of park activities . In the 1920s , the park began offering `` Indian ceremony '' performances that gained popularity among visiting tourists ; however , the ceremonies did not actually reflect the rites of the Ancient Puebloans that lived in the cliff dwellings nor the rites of the modern Ute . Navajo day laborers performed these rituals , resulting in `` the wrong Indians doing the wrong dance on ... the wrong land . '' In addition to the inaccuracy of the ceremonies , a question of whether Navajo dancers were paid fairly also resulted in questions regarding the lack of local American Indians being employed in other capacities in the park . Additionally , the park offered little financial benefits to the Ute Mountain Ute despite their land swap making much of the park possible . Services ( edit ) Park Ranger leading a tour at Mesa Verde National Park The entrance to Mesa Verde National Park is on U.S. Route 160 , approximately 9 miles ( 14 km ) east of the community of Cortez and 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Mancos , Colorado . The park covers 52,485 acres ( 21,240 ha ) It contains 4,372 documented sites , including more than 600 cliff dwellings . It is the largest archaeological preserve in the US . It protects some of the most important and best preserved archaeological sites in the country . The park initiated the Archaeological Site Conservation Program in 1995 . It analyses data pertaining to how sites are constructed and utilized . The Mesa Verde Visitor and Research Center is located just off of Highway 160 and is before the park entrance booths . The Visitor and Research Center opened in December 2012 . Chapin Mesa ( the most popular area ) is 20 miles ( 32 km ) beyond the visitor center . Mesa Verde National Park is an area of federal exclusive jurisdiction . Because of this all law enforcement , emergency medical service , and wildland / structural fire duties are conducted by federal National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers . The Mesa Verde National Park Post Office has the ZIP code 81330 . Access to park facilities vary by season . Three of the cliff dwellings on Chapin Mesa are open to the public . The Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum is open all year . Spruce Tree House is also open all year , weather permitting . Balcony House , Long House and Cliff Palace require tour tickets for ranger - guided tours . Many other dwellings are visible from the road but not open to tourists . The park offers hiking trails , a campground , and , during peak season , facilities for food , fuel , and lodging ; these are unavailable in the winter . Wildfires and culturally modified trees ( edit ) Wildfire damage on Chapin Mesa During the years 1996 to 2003 , the park suffered from several wildfires . The fires , many of which were started by lightning during times of drought , burned 28,340 acres ( 11,470 ha ) of forest , more than half the park . The fires also damaged many archaeological sites and park buildings . They were named : Chapin V ( 1996 ) , Bircher and Pony ( 2000 ) , Long Mesa ( 2002 ) , and the Balcony House Complex fires ( 2003 ) , which were five fires that began on the same day . The Chapin V and Pony fires destroyed two rock art sites , and the Long Mesa fire nearly destroyed the museum -- the first one ever built in the National Park System -- and Spruce Tree House , the third largest cliff dwelling in the park . Prior to the fires of 1996 to 2003 , archaeologists had surveyed approximately ninety percent of the park . Dense undergrowth and tree cover kept many ancient sites hidden from view , but after the Chapin V , Bircher and Pony fires , 593 previously undiscovered sites were revealed -- most of them date to the Basketmaker III and Pueblo I periods . Also uncovered during the fires were extensive water containment features , including 1,189 check dams , 344 terraces , and five reservoirs that date to the Pueblo II and III periods . In February 2008 , the Colorado Historical Society decided to invest a part of its $7 million budget into a culturally modified trees project in the National Park . Ute Mountain Tribal park ( edit ) Main article : Ute Mountain Tribal Park The Ute Mountain Tribal Park , adjoining Mesa Verde National Park to the east of the mountains , is approximately 125,000 acres ( 51,000 ha ) along the Mancos River . Hundreds of surface sites , cliff dwellings , petroglyphs , and wall paintings of Ancestral Puebloan and Ute cultures are preserved in the park . Native American Ute tour guides provide background information about the people , culture , and history of the park lands . National Geographic Traveler chose it as one of `` 80 World Destinations for Travel in the 21st Century '' , one of only nine places selected in the US . Key sites ( edit ) In addition to the cliff dwellings , Mesa Verde boasts a number of mesa - top ruins . Examples open to public access include the Far View Complex and Cedar Tree Tower on Chapin Mesa , and Badger House Community , on Wetherill Mesa . Balcony House ( edit ) Emmett Harryson , a Navajo , at a T - shaped doorway at Balcony House ( 1929 ) Balcony House is set on a high ledge facing east . Its 45 rooms and 2 kivas would have been cold during the winter . Visitors on ranger - guided tours enter by climbing a 32 - foot ladder and a crawling through a 12 - foot tunnel . The exit , a series of toe - holds in a cleft of the cliff , was believed to be the only entry and exit route for the cliff dwellers , which made the small village easy to defend and secure . One log was dated at 1278 , so it was likely built not long before the Mesa Verde people migrated out of the area . It was officially excavated in 1910 by Jesse Nusbaum , one of the first Superintendents of Mesa Verde National Park . Visitors can enter Balcony House through ranger - guided tours . Cliff Palace ( edit ) Main article : Cliff Palace This multi-storied ruin , the best - known cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde , is located in the largest alcove in the center of the Great Mesa . It was south - and southwest - facing , providing greater warmth from the sun in the winter . Dating back more than 700 years , the dwelling is constructed of sandstone , wooden beams , and mortar . Many of the rooms were brightly painted . Cliff Palace was home to approximately 125 people , but was likely an important part of a larger community of sixty nearby pueblos , which housed a combined six hundred or more people . With 23 kivas and 150 rooms , Cliff Palace is the largest cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park . Long House ( edit ) Located on the Wetherill Mesa , Long House is the second - largest Mesa Verdean village ; approximately 150 people lived there . The location was excavated from 1959 through 1961 , as part of the Wetherhill Mesa Archaeological Project . Long House was built c. 1200 ; it was occupied until 1280 . The cliff dwelling features 150 rooms , a kiva , a tower , and a central plaza . Its rooms are not clustered like typical cliff dwellings . Stones were used without shaping for fit and stability . Two overhead ledges contain storage space for grain . One ledge seems to include an overlook with small holes in the wall to see the rest of the village below . A spring is accessible within several hundred feet , and seeps are located in the rear of the village . Mug , oak Tree , Spruce Tree , and square tower houses ( edit ) Mug House is located on Wetherill Mesa ; it contains 94 rooms , a large kiva , and a nearby reservoir . It received its name from four mugs the Charles Mason and the Wetherill brothers found strung together at the site . Oak Tree House and neighboring Fire Temple can be visited via a 2 - hour ranger - guided hike . Spruce Tree House is the third - largest village , within several hundred feet of a spring , and had 130 rooms and eight kivas . It was constructed sometime between 1211 and 1278 . It is believed anywhere from 60 to 80 people lived there at one time . Because of its protective location , it is well preserved . The short trail to Spruce Tree House begins at the Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum . The Square Tower House is one of the stops on the Mesa Top Loop Road driving tour . The tower is the tallest structure in Mesa Verde . References ( edit ) Notes Jump up ^ Corn was introduced to the Great Sage Plain , the regions north and west of Mesa Verde , from Mexico . Jump up ^ Donna Glowacki refutes this position , suggesting that the people of Aztec never achieved the wide - spread influence of Chaco Canyon . She believes the relationship between Mesa Verde and Aztec was more likely one of competition and conflict , versus religious or social hegemony . Jump up ^ The earliest known evidence for large - scale violence in the region was uncovered in southeastern Utah . Future Mesa Verde rediscoverer , Richard Wetherill , then leading the Hyde Exploring Expedition , located the site , now called `` Cave 7 '' , in which the bodies of nearly 100 men , women , and children were found . They date to the late Basketmaker II period ( 200 BCE to 500 CE ) . Evidence of defensive structures , such as palisades and stockades , dating to the 7th and 11th centuries have been uncovered near ancient Mesa Verdean farmsteads . Jump up ^ When the Spanish first settled in the area in 1598 , they proposed that the Utes and Navajo had driven the Ancestral Puebloans away from Mesa Verde . In 1891 , Gustaf Nordenskiöld proposed that the Mesa Verdeans had been driven away from the area by hostile intruders . In the early 20th century , Jesse Walter Fewkes theorized that climate change had adversely affected water supplies in the region , which led to widespread crop failure and the rapid depopulation of the area . The last two theories remain at the foreground of the archaeological investigation of Mesa Verde . Jump up ^ Contemporary Native Americans do not describe the region as abandoned , but rather view it as a stage in the area 's ongoing indigenous culture . Jump up ^ During this time , the entirety of the Zuni people are believed to have migrated to western New Mexico . Archaeological evidence suggests that another large group of Mesa Verdeans migrated approximately 200 miles ( 320 km ) to southwestern New Mexico , where they built structures that are now known as Pinnacle Ruin . Jump up ^ Similar structures are used by modern Pueblo people . Jump up ^ Painted wavy lines in the square tower at Cliff Palace average 18.6 marks each , suggesting that people recorded four of these events there . Jesse Walter Fewkes named the building Sun Temple after finding rock art in the southwest corner of the site depicting the sun . Jump up ^ Mancos shale was the most commonly used clay in the region , particularly for non-decorated grey wares . Citations Jump up ^ `` NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report '' . National Park Service . Retrieved February 28 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 9 -- 10 : Paleo - Indians ; Lekson 2015 , p. 105 : southeastern Utah to northwestern New Mexico . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 9 -- 10 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , p. 10 . ^ Jump up to : Charles 2006 , pp. 10 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 11 -- 12 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 12 -- 13 . Jump up ^ Naranjo 2006 , p. 54 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 14 -- 15 . Jump up ^ Charles 2006 , pp. 14 -- 15 : end of Basketmaker II ; Wilshusen 2006 , p. 19 beginning of Basketmaker III . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , p. 102 . ^ Jump up to : Wilshusen 2006 , pp. 19 -- 21 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , p. 383 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , pp. 383 -- 85 . Jump up ^ Wilshusen 2006 , p. 23 . Jump up ^ Wilshusen 2006 , pp. 23 -- 24 . ^ Jump up to : Lipe 2006 , pp. 30 -- 31 . Jump up ^ Wilshusen 2006 , p. 19 . Jump up ^ Wilshusen 2006 , pp. 19 , 24 -- 25 . Jump up ^ Wilshusen 2006 , p. 26 . ^ Jump up to : Wilshusen 2006 , pp. 26 -- 27 . ^ Jump up to : Lipe 2006 , p. 29 . ^ Jump up to : Adams 2006 , pp. 3 -- 4 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , p. 34 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , pp. 32 -- 33 . Jump up ^ Lekson , Stephen . The Chaco Meridian : One Thousand Years of Political and Religious Power in the Ancient Southwest . Rowman & Littlefield , 2015 Jump up ^ Varien 2006 , p. 42 . ^ Jump up to : Varien 2006 , p. 44 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , p. 30 . ^ Jump up to : Varien 2006 , p. 41 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , pp. 385 -- 86 , 398 -- 99 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , p. 36 . ^ Jump up to : Varien 2006 , pp. 40 -- 41 . ^ Jump up to : Varien 2006 , p. 39 . Jump up ^ Varien 2006 , pp. 42 -- 44 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , p. 385 . Jump up ^ Lekson 2015 , p. 105 . ^ Jump up to : Kantner 2004 , pp. 161 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Varien 2006 , pp. 40 , 46 . Jump up ^ Glowacki , Neff & Glascock 1998 , p. 218 . ^ Jump up to : Cameron 2006 , p. 140 . Jump up ^ Varien 2006 , p. 46 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , p. 128 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , p. 131 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , pp. 140 -- 41 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , pp. 386 , 398 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , p. 37 . ^ Jump up to : Kuckelman 2006 , p. 127 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , pp. 132 -- 33 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , p. 134 . Jump up ^ Kohler 2006 , p. 73 . Jump up ^ Casey 1993 , p. 220 . Jump up ^ Watson 1961 , p. 156 . Jump up ^ Varien 2006 , p. 45 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , p. 135 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , p. 141 . ^ Jump up to : Cameron 2006 , p. 139 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , pp. 139 - 41 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 74 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , pp. 395 -- 98 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , p. 144 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , pp. 144 -- 45 . Jump up ^ Cameron 2006 , p. 142 . Jump up ^ Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 79 . ^ Jump up to : Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 80 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 13 , 47 -- 59 . ^ Jump up to : Wenger 1991 , pp. 9 -- 13 , 24 . Jump up ^ Lekson 2015 , pp. 158 , 175 -- 80 . Jump up ^ Phillips , David A. , Jr. , 2000 , `` The Chaco Meridian : A skeptical analysis '' paper presented to the 65th annual meeting of the Society of American Archaeology , Philadelphia . ^ Jump up to : Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 83 . ^ Jump up to : Malville 2006 , p. 90 . Jump up ^ Malville 2006 , p. 89 . Jump up ^ Malville 2006 , pp. 85 , 90 -- 91 . Jump up ^ Malville 2006 , p. 91 . Jump up ^ Adams 2006 , pp. 1 -- 4 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , pp. 102 -- 03 . Jump up ^ Lipe 2006 , pp. 33 -- 34 . Jump up ^ Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 78 . Jump up ^ Wright 2006 , pp. 123 -- 24 . Jump up ^ Benson et al. 2014 , pp. 164 -- 79 . ^ Jump up to : Adams 2006 , p. 6 . Jump up ^ Kohler 2006 , p. 72 . Jump up ^ Adams 2006 , pp. 4 -- 6 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , p. 101 . ^ Jump up to : Lang 2006 , p. 61 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , pp. 104 -- 06 . ^ Jump up to : Glowacki , Neff & Glascock 1998 , pp. 231 , 234 , 237 . ^ Jump up to : Glowacki , Neff & Glascock 1998 , p. 238 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , pp. 103 -- 05 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , pp. 106 . Jump up ^ Lang 2006 , p. 62 . ^ Jump up to : Ortman 2006 , p. 103 . Jump up ^ Ortman 2006 , pp. 106 -- 07 . ^ Jump up to : National Park Service 1986 , pp. 10 -- 11 . Jump up ^ Hurst & Till 2006 , p. 81 . Jump up ^ Kuckelman 2006 , p. 132 . Jump up ^ Cole 2006 , pp. 93 -- 98 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , p. 386 . Jump up ^ Adams 2006 , pp. 1 -- 3 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 16 -- 17 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( h ) . ^ Jump up to : Harris , Tuttle & Tuttle 2004 , pp. 91 -- 102 . ^ Jump up to : Wenger 1991 , p. 77 . Jump up ^ Watson 1961 , pp. 9 -- 10 . Jump up ^ Treimer , Katieri ( 1989 ) , `` Site Research Report , Site Number 916 , Southwest Colorado '' , Earth Metrics and SRI International , for Contel Systems and the United States Air Force ^ Jump up to : Reynolds & Reynolds 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Robertson 2003 , pp. 61 -- 72 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 79 . ^ Jump up to : Watson 1961 , pp. 133 -- 37 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 79 -- 80 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 81 . Jump up ^ Watson 1961 , p. 27 . ^ Jump up to : Fitzgerald 2009 , p . W12 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 82 -- 84 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 83 -- 84 . ^ Jump up to : Rancourt , Linda M ( Winter 2006 ) . `` Cultural Celebration '' . National Parks . 80 ( 1 ) : 4 . ISSN 0276 - 8186 . Retrieved 8 July 2017 -- via EBSCO 's Master File Complete ( subscription required ) Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 85 . Jump up ^ Webb , Boyer & Turner 2010 , p. 302 . Jump up ^ United States Department of the Interior , pp. 486 - 487 , 503 . Jump up ^ `` British Museum - Collection Mesa Verde '' . British Museum . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 84 -- 85 . ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( a ) . Jump up ^ Casey 1993 , p. 221 . ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( d ) . ^ Jump up to : Nordby 2006 , p. 111 . Jump up ^ `` Montezuma County , Colorado '' , National Register of Historic Places , retrieved August 7 , 2015 Jump up ^ Harden 2015 . Jump up ^ Keller , Robert ; Turek , Michael ( 1998 ) . American Indians & National Parks . Tucson : The University of Arizona Press . pp. 30 -- 42 . ISBN 0816513724 . Jump up ^ Burnham , Philip ( 2000 ) . Indian Country , God 's Country : Native Americans and the National Parks . Washington , D.C. : Island Press . pp. 62 -- 66 . ISBN 155963667X . ^ Jump up to : Mesa Verde Trip Planner . Mesa Verde National Park Retrieved September 22 , 2011 Jump up ^ `` Listing of acreage as of December 31 , 2011 '' . Land Resource Division , National Park Service . Retrieved June 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Cordell et al. 2007 , p. 380 : 4,372 documented sites ; Nordby 2006 , p. 111 : 600 cliff dwellings . Jump up ^ `` Archeological adventure '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved June 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ ZIP Code Lookup Archived January 1 , 2008 , at the Wayback Machine . United States Postal Service Retrieved January 2 , 2007 Jump up ^ Mesa Verde Fire History . Mesa Verde National Park Retrieved September 24 , 2011 Jump up ^ Bell 2006 , p. 119 . Jump up ^ Bell 2006 , pp. 120 -- 21 . Jump up ^ State Historical Fund awards more than $7 M in grants , Denver Business Journal , Feb 14 , 2008 . Jump up ^ Ute Mountain Tribal Park . Archived July 17 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Ute Mountain Tribal Park Retrieved June 18 , 2011 Jump up ^ Casey 1993 , pp. 220 -- 21 . Jump up ^ Casey 1993 , p. 222 . Jump up ^ Casey 1993 , pp. 225 -- 26 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , pp. 55 -- 56 . Jump up ^ `` Mesa Verde Balcony House '' . Aramark : Parks and Destinations . Retrieved October 23 , 2011 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( b ) . Jump up ^ Cliff House Visit Mesa Verde Retrieved October 16 , 2011 Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 51 . Jump up ^ Watson 1961 , pp. 3 , 29 , 31 , 37 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( c ) . Jump up ^ Glowacki , Neff & Glascock 1998 , p. 220 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 57 . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 59 . Jump up ^ National Park Service ( g ) . ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( e ) . Jump up ^ Wenger 1991 , p. 52 . ^ Jump up to : National Park Service ( f ) . Jump up ^ Noel 2015 , p. 36 . Bibliography Adams , Karen R. 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( 2004 ) , `` Mesa Verde National Park '' , Geology of National Parks ( 6 ed . ) , Kendall Hunt Publishing , pp. 91 -- 102 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 7872 - 9971 - 2 Hurst , Winston ; Till , Jonathan ( 2006 ) , `` Mesa Verdean Sacred Landscapes '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 74 -- 83 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Kantner , John ( 2004 ) , Ancient Puebloan Southwest , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 78880 - 9 Kohler , Timothy A. ( 2006 ) , `` Simulation and Imagination : Fistfight in the Mesa Verde '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 66 -- 73 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Kuckelman , Kristen A. ( 2006 ) , `` Ancient Violence in the Mesa Verde Region '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 127 -- 35 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Lang , Richard W. ( 2006 ) , `` Craft Arts of the Mesa Verde '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 58 -- 65 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Lekson , Stephen H. ( 2015 ) ( 1999 ) , The Chaco Meridian : One Thousand Years of Political and Religious Power in the Ancient Southwest ( Second ed . ) , Rowman and Littlefield , ISBN 978 - 1 - 4422 - 4645 - 4 Lipe , Willian D. ( 2006 ) , `` The Mesa Verde Region during Chaco Times '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 28 -- 37 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Malville , J. McKim ( 2006 ) , `` The Cosmic and the Sacred at Yellow Jacket Pueblo and Mesa Verde '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 84 -- 91 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Naranjo , Tessie ( 2006 ) , `` '' We Came from the South , We Came from the North `` : Some Tewa Origin Stories '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 49 -- 57 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 National Park Service ( 1986 ) , Petroglyph Trail Guide , Mesa Verde Museum Association and Mesa Verde National Park Nordby , Larry V. ( 2006 ) , `` Understanding Mesa Verde 's Cliff Dwelling Architecture '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 110 -- 17 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Ortman , Scott ( 2006 ) , `` Ancient Pottery of the Mesa Verde Country : How Ancestral Pueblo People Made It , Used It , and Thought About It '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 100 -- 109 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 National Park Service ( a ) , Mesa Verde , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( b ) , Mesa Verde : Balcony House , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( c ) , Mesa Verde : Long House , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( d ) , Mesa Verde : Timeline , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( e ) , Mesa Verde : Spruce Tree House , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( f ) , Mesa Verde : Self - guided tours ; Chapin Mesa , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( g ) , Mesa Verde : New 2011 Backcountry Hikes , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved June 1 , 2015 National Park Service ( h ) , Mesa Verde : Geology , United States Department of the Interior , retrieved August 11 , 2015 Noel , Thomas J. ( 2015 ) , Colorado : A Historical Atlas , University of Oklahoma Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8061 - 5353 - 7 Reynolds , Judith ; Reynolds , David ( 2006 ) , Nordenskiöld of Mesa Verde , Xlibris Corporation , ISBN 978 - 1 - 4257 - 0484 - 1 Robertson , Janet ( 2003 ) ( 1990 ) , The Magnificent Mountain Women : Adventures in the Colorado , University of Nebraska Press , ISBN 978 - 0 - 8032 - 3892 - 3 Varien , Mark D. ( 2006 ) , `` Turbulent Times in the Mesa Verde World '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 39 -- 47 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Watson , Don ( 1961 ) , Indians of the Mesa Verde , Mesa Verde Museum Association Webb , Robert H. ; Boyer , Diane E. ; Turner , Raymond M. ( 2010 ) , Repeat Photography : Methods and Applications in the Natural Sciences , Island Press , ISBN 978 - 1 - 59726 - 712 - 0 Wenger , Gilbert R. ( 1991 ) ( 1980 ) , Story of Mesa Verde National Park , Mesa Verde Museum Association , ISBN 978 - 0 - 937062 - 15 - 9 Wilshusen , Richard H. ( 2006 ) , `` The Genesis of Pueblos : Innovations between 500 and 900 CE '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 18 -- 27 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 Wright , Kenneth R. ( 2006 ) , `` Water for the Mesa Verdeans '' , in Nobel , David Grant , The Mesa Verde World : Explorations in Ancestral Puebloan Archaeology , School of American Research Press , pp. 122 -- 25 , ISBN 978 - 1 - 930618 - 75 - 6 External links ( edit ) Find more aboutMesa Verde National Parkat Wikipedia 's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guide from Wikivoyage Learning resources from Wikiversity Mesa Verde National Park ( National Park Service ) Interactive map of the National Park System Mesa Verde National Park ( UNESCO World Heritage Centre ) Mesa Verde Digital Media Archive ( Creative Commons - licensed photos , laser scans , panoramas ) , data on Spruce Tree House , Fire Temple , and Square Tower House from a National Park Service / CyArk research partnership National parks of the United States Acadia American Samoa Arches Badlands Big Bend Biscayne Black Canyon of the Gunnison Bryce Canyon Canyonlands Capitol Reef Carlsbad Caverns Channel Islands Congaree Crater Lake Cuyahoga Valley Death Valley Denali Dry Tortugas Everglades Gates of the Arctic Gateway Arch Glacier Glacier Bay Grand Canyon Grand Teton Great Basin Great Sand Dunes Great Smoky Mountains Guadalupe Mountains Haleakalā Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Hot Springs Isle Royale Joshua Tree Katmai Kenai Fjords Kings Canyon Kobuk Valley Lake Clark Lassen Volcanic Mammoth Cave Mesa Verde Mount Rainier North Cascades Olympic Petrified Forest Pinnacles Redwood Rocky Mountain Saguaro Sequoia Shenandoah Theodore Roosevelt Virgin Islands Voyageurs Wind Cave Wrangell -- St. Elias Yellowstone Yosemite Zion List of national parks of the United States ( by elevation ) World Heritage Sites in the United States Northeast Independence Hall Statue of Liberty Midwest Cahokia South Everglades Great Smoky Mountains Mammoth Cave Monticello and the University of Virginia Poverty Point San Antonio Missions West Carlsbad Caverns Chaco Culture National Historical Park Grand Canyon National Park Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Kluane - 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Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Underwater panther Water glyphs Related Genetic history Portal of Indigenous peoples of North America Pre-Columbian era Pueblos Inhabited Arizona Oraibi Walpi New Mexico Acoma Pueblo Cochiti Eight Northern Pueblos ( Nambé Pueblo ) ( Ohkay Owingeh ) ( Picuris Pueblo ) ( Pojoaque Pueblo ) ( San Ildefonso Pueblo ) ( Santa Clara Pueblo ) ( Taos Pueblo ) ( Tesuque ) Jemez Pueblo Kewa Pueblo Laguna Pueblo ( Old Laguna ) Pueblo Pintado Texas Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Uninhabited or ruined Arizona Agate House Pueblo Awatovi Ruins Bailey Ruin Canyon de Chelly National Monument Casa Grande Ruins National Monument Casa Malpaís Elden Pueblo Homolovi State Park Honanki Indian Mesa Kinishba Ruins Montezuma Castle National Monument Navajo National Monument Palatki Heritage Site Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites Sierra Ancha Cliff Dwellings Snaketown Tusayan Ruins Tuzigoot National Monument Tonto National Monument Walnut Canyon National Monument Chihuahua Casas Grandes Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Momia Cueva de la Olla Cueva de la Ranchería Huápoca Colorado Anasazi Heritage Center Ansel Hall Ruin Canyons of the Ancients National Monument ( Lowry Pueblo ) Chimney Rock National Monument Cowboy Wash Durango Rock Shelters Archeology Site Hawkins Preserve Hovenweep National Monument Joe Ben Wheat Site Complex Mesa Verde National Park ( Cliff Palace ) Yellow Jacket Pueblo Yucca House National Monument Nevada Pueblo Grande de Nevada New Mexico Aztec Ruins National Monument Chaco Culture National Historical Park ( Casa Chiquita ) ( Chetro Ketl ) ( Pueblo Alto ) ( Pueblo Bonito ) ( Pueblo del Arroyo ) Fesere Homayo Howiri Hupobi Posege Pesedeuinge Pilabó Poshuouinge Sapawe Senecú Te'ewi Teeuinge Teypana Tsama Pueblo Una Vida Wijiji Utah Anasazi State Park Museum Edge of the Cedars State Park Museum White Canyon BNE : XX4814519 GND : 4210599 - 7 ISNI : 0000 0001 2166 7355 LCCN : n00036123 NARA : 10046179 SUDOC : 086200836 VIAF : 137809249 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesa_Verde_National_Park&oldid=852969451 '' Categories : IUCN Category II Mesa Verde National Park Ancient Puebloan archaeological sites in Colorado Archaeological museums in Colorado Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Cliff dwellings Dwellings of the Pueblo peoples Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Landmarks in Colorado Museums in Montezuma County , Colorado National parks in Colorado Native American history of Colorado Native American museums in Colorado Oasisamerica cultures Protected areas established in 1906 Protected areas of Montezuma County , Colorado Pre-historic cities in the United States Puebloan buildings and structures Ruins in the United States World Heritage Sites in the United States Ancestral Puebloans 1906 establishments in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Montezuma County , Colorado Hidden categories : Subscription required using via Pages containing links to subscription - only content Webarchive template wayback links Good articles Use mdy dates from June 2015 Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with self - published sources Articles with self - published sources from December 2017 Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Asturianu Български Català Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 粵語 中文 36 more Edit links This page was last edited on 1 August 2018 , at 15 : 26 ( UTC ) . 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About Wikipedia | when did mesa verde became a national park | ['Mesa Verde National Park\nIUCN category II (national park)\nMesa Verde from the northeast, May 2007\nLocation\nMontezuma County, Colorado,United States,North AmericaNearest city\nCortez, ColoradoCoordinates\n37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W\ufeff / \ufeff37.183784°N 108.488687°W\ufeff / 37.183784; -108.488687Coordinates: 37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W\ufeff / \ufeff37.183784°N 108.488687°W\ufeff / 37.183784; -108.488687Area\n52,485 acres (212.40 km2)Established\nJune 29, 1906 (1906-06-29)Visitors\n613,788 (in 2017)[1]Governing body\nNational Park ServiceWebsite\nMesa Verde National Park\nUNESCO World Heritage SiteType\nCulturalCriteria\niiiDesignated\n1978 (2nd session)Reference no.\n27State Party\nUnited StatesRegion\nEurope and North America\n\nU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesDesignated\nOctober 15, 1966Reference no.\n66000251\n\n'] | ['June 29, 1906'] | Mesa Verde National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Mesa Verde from the northeast, May 2007
Location
Montezuma County, Colorado,United States,North AmericaNearest city
Cortez, ColoradoCoordinates
37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W / 37.183784°N 108.488687°W / 37.183784; -108.488687Coordinates: 37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W / 37.183784°N 108.488687°W / 37.183784; -108.488687Area
52,485 acres (212.40 km2)Established
June 29, 1906 (1906-06-29)Visitors
613,788 (in 2017)[1]Governing body
National Park ServiceWebsite
Mesa Verde National Park
UNESCO World Heritage SiteType
CulturalCriteria
iiiDesignated
1978 (2nd session)Reference no.
27State Party
United StatesRegion
Europe and North America
U.S. National Register of Historic PlacesDesignated
October 15, 1966Reference no.
66000251
|
[question]: What is the name of the national park located in Montezuma County, Colorado?
[answer]: The name of the national park located in Montezuma County, Colorado is Mesa Verde National Park. | What is the name of the national park located in Montezuma County, Colorado? | The name of the national park located in Montezuma County, Colorado is Mesa Verde National Park. | 1 | 7.329565 | 16 | 89 | 1 |
10,618 | -5,496,218,610,512,654,000 | Silver Dollar City | Silver Dollar City - wikipedia Silver Dollar City Jump to : navigation , search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Silver Dollar City Location Branson , Missouri , U.S. Coordinates 36 ° 40 ′ 02 '' N 93 ° 20 ′ 20 '' W / 36.6671 ° N 93.3389 ° W / 36.6671 ; - 93.3389 Coordinates : 36 ° 40 ′ 02 '' N 93 ° 20 ′ 20 '' W / 36.6671 ° N 93.3389 ° W / 36.6671 ; - 93.3389 Owner Herschend Family Entertainment General Manager Brad Thomas Opened May 1 , 1960 ( 57 years ago ) ( 1960 - 05 - 01 ) Operating season March -- December Visitors per annum 2 million Area 61 acres ( 250,000 m ) Rides Total 31 Roller coasters 6 Water rides Website http://www.bransonsilverdollarcity.com Silver Dollar City is a theme park in the US state of Missouri . Opened on May 1 , 1960 , the park is located between Branson and Branson West off of Missouri Route 76 on the Indian Point peninsula of Table Rock Lake . The park is an 1880s - themed experience that fits Branson 's vision as a family - friendly vacation destination with down - home charm . Silver Dollar City 's operating season runs from mid-March until late December , with the park closed during the months of January and February . Silver Dollar City is owned by the Herschend Family Entertainment . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Marvel Cave 1.2 Herschend family 1.3 New theme park 1.4 Pop culture 2 Layout , attractions and general information 2.1 Districts 2.2 Demonstrations 2.3 Rides and attractions 2.4 Festivals 2.5 Former Festivals 2.6 Recurring shows 2.7 Stages , multipurpose buildings and theaters 2.8 Former rides and attractions 3 See also 4 References 5 External links History ( edit ) Marvel cave ( edit ) Marvel Cave entrance and rubble pile viewed from within Silver Dollar City is situated at the site of one of the Ozarks ' oldest attractions , Marvel Cave . Henry T. Blow , a lead mining magnate , explored the cave with six miners . They found no lead , but were convinced that the flat ceiling of one room was composed of marble , they originally named the cave Marble Cave . The cave remained undisturbed until 1882 when a group led by T. Hodges Jones and Truman S. Powell entered the cave in hopes of finding lead . Jones and Powell instead found huge amounts of guano and a flat wall which they also believed to be marble . Two years later Jones bought the property and formed the Marble Cave Mining and Manufacturing Company . The company planned a town , Marble City , on the rough hilltop near the cave and in 1884 recorded a plat map at the courthouse in Galena , Missouri . By 1889 much of the guano had been mined from the cave , the marble wall proved to be limestone , and no lead ore was found . The mining company ceased operation . In 1889 , William Henry Lynch , a Canadian miner and dairyman , purchased the cave and a square mile around it for $10,000 ( equivalent to $266,556 in 2016 ) . Lynch , with the aid of his family , proposed to open the cave to sightseers . The Lynches began operation of the sightseeing venture in 1894 . The venture was not immediately profitable and was closed until Lynch raised additional capital to reopen the cave sometime after 1900 . The cave has remained open since , making it one of the oldest continuously running tourist attractions in the Ozarks . Herschend family ( edit ) When William Lynch died in 1927 , ownership of the cave passed to his daughters and the name of the cave was changed to Marvel Cave . The Lynch family operated the cave for nearly fifty years until a Chicago vacuum cleaner salesman , Hugo Herschend , purchased a 100 - year lease on the cave . After Hugo 's death his wife , Mary , took over the day - to - day operations of the venture . With the aid of her two sons , Jack and Peter , she was able to make vast improvements to the cave , including the inclusion of a narrow gauge funicular railway , whose trains pulled visitors a distance of 218 feet ( 66 m ) from the depths of the cave up to the surface . Once the railway was in operation the Herschends felt the development of the cave was complete , so they decided to create another attraction which would bring even more tourists to the cave . New theme park ( edit ) Mary , Jack and Pete began building the 1880s Ozark village . Mary wanted authenticity and preservation as well as preserving the natural beauty of the area . The Herschends built the Ozark frontier town on the land surrounding the site of the cave . Silver Dollar City originally was the site of five shops , a church , a log cabin , and a street production reproducing the feud between the Hatfields and McCoys several times daily . The name was inspired by Ozark Jubilee script writer and publicist Don Richardson after the promotional idea of giving visitors silver dollars in change . The scenic designer for much of the original attraction was Andy Miller , who had been the set designer for the Jubilee in nearby Springfield . Opening day , May 1 , 1960 , included an appearance by Uncle Cyp and Aunt Sap Brasfield . The first year , Silver Dollar City drew more than 125,000 people , four times more visitors than the number that toured Marvel Cave . `` We discovered we were in the theme park business , '' Pete Herschend said . In 1968 , the park started charging admission . In 1972 Genevieve Lynch , the last of William Lynch 's daughters , died and she bequeathed the land under Silver Dollar City and Marvel Cave to the College of the Ozarks and Branson Presbyterian Church . The Herschends continue to operate it . In 1976 , the Herschends purchased the Goldrush Junction theme park in Pigeon Forge , Tennessee , which they renamed Silver Dollar City Tennessee . In 1986 , the Herschends partnered with Dolly Parton and renamed the park to Dollywood . Silver Dollar City expanded its entertainment over the years by adding attractions such as a stage coach ride , a steam engine train , interactive activities and various thrill rides . The park is also home to resident craftsmen who can be seen practicing their craft and exhibiting and selling their work to park visitors . Pop culture ( edit ) The Clampett family of CBS - TV 's The Beverly Hillbillies decided to pay a visit to Silver Dollar City ( treated as an actual town , rather than a theme park ) to start off the 1969 -- 1970 season . The plotline involved Granny ( Irene Ryan ) attempting to find a husband for Elly May ( Donna Douglas ) back in the hills , while Jed ( Buddy Ebsen ) socialized with hotel clerk Shorty Kellems ( Shug Fisher ) . They visited the blacksmith Shad Heller , soapmaker Granny Ethel Huffman , and woodcarver Peter Engler , and Miss Hathaway ( Nancy Kulp ) was seen in the Ozark woods . The Hillbillies were from the area surrounding Silver Dollar City and Branson , and references to Jim Owens and his White River float trip business and some Missouri mountain locations were made throughout the show 's nine - year run . Five episodes of The Beverly Hillbillies were eventually shot in the park . In 1999 , Silver Dollar City was the site for the 14th annual Stihl Timbersports Series Championships . Jason Wynyard , becoming the champion for the third consecutive year . On December 5 , 2007 ABC 's Good Morning America spotlighted the park 's Christmas festival , `` An Old Time Christmas , '' and declared it as one of the top five holiday events in the country . The park was featured as part of the show 's segment called `` Good Morning America Lights Up the Holidays . '' On July 5 , 2007 , Silver Dollar City was featured in an episode of the soap opera As the World Turns . From June 21 -- 23 , 2009 , the park hosted the American Coaster Enthusiasts ' national summer convention . The park was featured in the book The Man Who Loved Clowns . Layout , attractions and general information ( edit ) Districts ( edit ) Silver Dollar City is divided into ten distinct districts . Park Entrance Main Street Homestead Ridge Midtown Valley Road The Grand Exposition Riverfront Wilson 's Farm Hugo 's Hill Street Fireman 's Landing Demonstrations ( edit ) Brown 's Candy Factory Carrie 's Candles Duplicating Lathe Hazel 's Blown & Cut Glass Heartland Home Furnishings Hillcreek Pottery Mountain Leather Mountain Outfitter 's Knives Sullivan 's Mill Valley Road Woodcarvers Wilderness Road Blacksmith Rides and attractions ( edit ) WildFire American Plunge -- Riders experience a 50 - foot ( 15 m ) drop at speeds of 35 miles ( 56 km ) per hour . Birdle 's Cabin Electro Spin -- Riders sit facing outward with chests against a padded panel while riding a rotational vehicle the spins at high speeds on a 50 - foot ( 15 m ) U-shaped track . Elephant March -- Riders sit in an elephant - shaped vehicle that revolves around a central machine . The vehicles also ascend and descend at the press of a button , which is controlled by the rider . Elsie the Milk Cow -- A fake cow with udders that allows guests to pull and retrieve their own `` milk '' . FireFall -- An eight - story drop tower in the Firemans Landing area . Fireman 's Flyer -- A low flying swing ride for children in the Firemans Landing area . Fire - in - the - Hole -- The park 's first , and oldest , roller coaster . Guests ride in a dark building with scenes that tell of a town set ablaze by the Baldknobbers overnight . Riders then are shifted quickly to avoid trains , fires , and broken bridges . The ride is notable for being the site of the park 's only fatality to date . Fire Spotter -- A family balloon ride in the Firemans Landing area . Fire Wagon Frenzy -- A magic carpet ride themed around a fire wagon in the Firemans Landing area . Flooded Mine -- Guests ride in a dark building that resembles an old broken down mine . The prisoners of the mine have escaped during a flood , and the warden needs the guests ' help in shooting them down . Guests have laser powered guns that count how many times they hit specified targets . Frisco Silver Dollar Line Steam Train -- Guests experience a slow - moving , 2 ft ( 610 mm ) narrow gauge train ride through the park lasting 20 minutes . In the middle of the ride , guests experience a show where uneducated train robbers try their best to rob the train , but guests are saved just in time by the conductor , who was tricked into searching for `` Yankees '' or `` Indians . '' During the Old Time Christmas festival , the train is decked - out in lights and becomes the Frisco Sing - Along Steam Train . Also , the train robber act is replaced by Grandpa telling the Christmas story . The attraction uses three 600 mm ( 1 ft 11 ⁄ in ) narrow gauge steam locomotives , two numbered 13 and 43 built by Orenstein & Koppel in Germany in 1934 and 1938 , and one numbered 76 built in 1940 by Kolben - Danek in Czechoslovakia . This is one of the oldest attractions in the park . The Giant Barn Swing -- a Screamin ' Swing that includes two 16 capacity swings on two giant pendulum arms each . The Grand Exposition Coaster -- A small , 20 - foot ( 6.1 m ) roller coaster , with speeds up to 20 miles per hour . Grandfather 's Mansion -- Guests walk through a large fun house . Half Dollar Holler -- a kids ' play and ride area . Happy Frogs -- Riders sit in a frog - shaped vehicle that revolves around a central machine . The vehicles also bounce up and down from a combined mechanical / airbag system . High - Low Silos -- Guests sit with a companion and pull themselves up a 20 - foot ( 6.1 m ) cable and drop at low speeds as soon as they let go . Homestead Animal Barnyard -- A petting zoo with animals such as goats , chickens , hens , and other farm animals . The Ladybugs -- Riders sit in a bug - shaped vehicle that revolves around a central machine . The vehicles also ascend and descend at the press of a button , which is controlled by the rider . Lost River of the Ozarks -- a whitewater rapids tube ride . Mack Rides steel launch coaster opening in 2018 Magnificent Wave Carousel Marvel Cave -- The cave offers two types of tours . The Traditional Cave Tour is a one - hour guided tour through a half mile of lighted passageway . Throughout the tour , geological and historical information is explained . The Lantern Light Tour is a one and a half - hour guided tour through a little over a half mile of unlit passageway . A narrow gauge funicular railway is employed to take visitors from the far end of the cave back to surface level . McHaffie 's Homestead -- a real , hewn - log cabin built in 1843 . Oak Trail School -- a 19th - century school house where everyone is invited to pick a desk , sit down and learn about school in the 1800s . Outlaw Run -- Added in 2013 ; the world 's second steepest wooden coaster and the only one featuring three inversions . PowderKeg -- an S&S launched roller coaster which reused the coaster segment portion of Buzz Saw Falls . Racing Regatta Royal Tea Party Swinging Bridge The Mighty Galleon The Roundabout -- Carousel ride themed around dalmatians circling a fire hydrant . Opens in 2015 in the new Firemans Landing area . Tom & Huck 's River Blast Thunderation -- an Arrow Dynamics mine train roller coaster ; one of the largest and fastest in the world currently in operation . Time Traveler - an Mack Rides spinning launch coaster . Up The Ladder -- A small drop tower for children . Opened in 2015 in the Firemans Landing area . Wilderness Church -- an old - time church with a view of the Ozark and Boston Mountains of Arkansas . WildFire -- a Bolliger & Mabillard sit down looping coaster with five inversions . Wings of Wonder -- caterpillar and butterfly vehicles rotate around a central mast , and ascend and descend at the press of a button , which is controlled by the rider . Festivals ( edit ) Throughout the operating season Silver Dollar City hosts six different festivals : World-Fest ( April -- May ) : an international event showcasing different cultures and performers from around the world . Bluegrass & BBQ Festival ( May ) : a celebration of bluegrass music and BBQ from across the nation . Star - Spangled Summer ( June -- August ) : a summer festival featuring shows and activities that appeal to families with children . Southern Gospel Picnic ( August -- September ) : Gospel music is showcased during this festival along with picnic style dinners . National Harvest & Cowboy Festival ( September -- October ) : a salute to an old time harvest celebration featuring visiting craftsmen . An Old Time Christmas ( November -- December ) : a traditional holiday Christmas Celebration with special shows , foods , and other attractions . In addition , the park is decorated with nearly 5 million Christmas lights and a five - story special effects Christmas tree . Former festivals ( edit ) Throughout its operation , Silver Dollar City has hosted different festivals that have since been replaced . Kid 's Fest -- replaced by Family Fest . Family Fest -- replaced by Star - Spangled Summer in 2014 . Recurring shows ( edit ) Cajun Connection Horsecreek Band Old - Time Story Time Pure Heart The Homestead Pickers Sons of the Silver Dollar Stages , multipurpose buildings and theaters ( edit ) The Gazebo Carousel Barn Dockside Theater Riverfront Playhouse -- The `` Deep Woods '' area increased the park 's size by 25 % . The district eventually introduced the 600 seat Court House Theatre in 1979 . The inaugural production was The Chicken Thief , a comedy depicting the trial of a strange man named Melvin . The theatre 's name has changed over the years from Courthouse to Gaslight and on to its current name . Past shows have included Timothy Turnbuckle 's Traveling Time Machine , Hoedown , and Hatfield 's Haint . During the Christmas season , a nativity play of the Nativity of Jesus is given . The Frisco Barn McHaffie 's Homestead Front Porch Silver Dollar Saloon -- The saloon opened to the public in 1973 with can - can dancers and singing bartenders . Carry Nation brought her temperance union to the City to shut the house of ill repute down for good . Unfortunately for Ms. Nation , she did n't succeed . The show has changed throughout the years to include Mean Murphy , the saloon 's arch enemy ; Miss Tilly , the loveable yet dim - witted dance hall girl ; and Choctaw Charlie and his Wild West show . The show is billed as `` Good clean fun . '' There is no cursing , chewing or spitting at the Silver Dollar and root beer is served as an alternative to beer . Echo Hollow Amphitheatre is an amphitheatre with seating for 4,000 . The amphitheater opened in 1983 as a dinner theatre encouraging guests to stay once Silver Dollar City closed for the day . Featured shows within the amphitheater have included Harmonies from the Hollow , Echo Hollow Jubilee , Hotrods and Hair - dos , and GAC Country Nights . Each spring Silver Dollar City 's Young Christian Youth Rally is held at Echo Hollow . This Rally features ministers , speakers and musical guests like Newsboys , Kutless and Sixpence None the Richer . The amphitheater also hosts nationally known musical artists such as , Gladys Knight , Peter , Paul and Mary , Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and Ricky Skaggs . The Boatworks Theater The Opera House -- The 1,000 seat performance venue opened in 1994 with the Broadway - style production Listen to the River . Since its opening the theatre has played host to other large scale in - house productions including American Spirit , , a patriotic musical ; For the Glory , a Civil War drama ; Headin ' West , a musical drama about Western expansion ; and A Dickens ' Christmas Carol , a high - energy , musical telling of Charles Dickens ' Christmas classic , A Christmas Carol . Pickin ' Shed Red Gold Heritage Hall -- To commemorate Silver Dollar Citys 's 40th anniversary this 25,000 - square - foot ( 2,300 m ) multipurpose building opened in 2000 . Themed after a turn - of - the - century tomato canning factory , the hall is capable of hosting exhibitions and shows with seating up to 1,800 guests . Festival food fills the building during events . Previously , the town of Bethlehem was recreated each Christmas season , but has since been moved to the Riverfront Playhouse in order to accommodate a stage production of It 's a Wonderful Life . Former rides and attractions ( edit ) Sam 's Minin ' Shack -- closed in 1968 and re-themed as Grandfather 's Mansion . Buzz Saw Falls -- This was a roller coaster that incorporated a water type boat for the vehicle . The ride was largely promoted , however it was constantly plagued with mechanical difficulties . It was closed in 2003 and construction began to modify the ride into Powder Keg , which opened in 2005 . Rube Dugan 's Diving Bell -- This was an attraction that simulated a Jules Verne - style fantasy submarine ride , the first simulation ride of its kind . Disney Imagineers told Silver Dollar City that it would be hard to do but secretly advised them on how to create the attraction . It was removed in the mid-1980s to make room for the Lost River of the Ozarks , a ride that could run more people through per hour . Slim Pickens was the voice of Rube Dugan . Jim Owens Float Trip -- This was an outdoor boat ride ( 1969 to 1980 ) around a man - made river with animatronics . Silver Dollar City removed this ride after the 1980 season and remodeled it into the American Plunge log flume . However , the original channels still exist and can be seen as guests make their way to Wildfire and from the queue line for American Plunge . Stagecoach -- In the early years of the park , an authentic stagecoach took guests on a bumpy ride around the perimeter of the town square pulled by sturdy draft horses . It was removed five years after the park opened . Runaway Ore Cart -- This was a small children 's roller coaster that was removed after the 2004 season . Tom Sawyer 's Landing -- Added to the park in 1984 , this play area featured rope towers and rides with Becky 's Carousel as its center piece . Silver Dollar City 's craftsmen hand carved each horse on the carousel . The most notable aspect of the structure were the large rope nets upon which visitors bounced and climbed . Huck Finn 's Hideaway -- This was a large play house built several stories above the ground on stilts . Visitors entered the attraction via a tiny spiral staircase built into a fake hollow tree . They had to crawl on hands and knees across a narrow bridge from the top of the hollow tree to the tree house . The exit from the attraction led visitors through an artificial cave featuring an infinite mirror illusion and Christmas lights to make it appear that they were walking through a large open space with `` stars '' . Waterworks Waterboggan -- a flume - type water ride , mostly through a dark tunnel so the sudden turns took riders by surprise . Splash Harbor -- was located near the bathrooms of Geyser Gulch . Geyser Gulch -- This was an area built in 1997 with two large buildings for the young at heart . Kids could run throughout the building located by the `` lake '' and shoot each other with water guns , while dodging balls being thrown by other kids or through tubes . There were also water sprinklers outside the building where children can run through . Geyser Gulch closed on August 3 , 2014 to make way for Fireman 's Landing . See also ( edit ) Amusement parks portal Trains portal Missouri portal List of amusement parks References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Stefanoni , Andra Bryan ( 2012 - 08 - 09 ) . `` Silver Dollar City unveils $10 million roller coaster '' . The Joplin Globe . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 20 . Jump up ^ Brothers , Michael A. `` ' Ozark Jubilee ' : a Musical Legacy '' ( March 2 , 2003 ) , Springfield News - Leader , p. 1C Jump up ^ `` Missouri Spot Opens May 1 ; Draws 18,000 '' ( May 9 , 1960 ) , The Billboard , p. 103 Jump up ^ Missouri Roadsides : The Traveler 's Companion -- Bill Earngey -- University of Missouri Press ( October 1995 ) - ISBN 0 - 8262 - 1021 - X Jump up ^ Surviving Steam Locomotives in Missouri Jump up ^ Steamlocomotive.info -- Missouri External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Silver Dollar City . Silver Dollar City ( Official Website ) Dollywood ( Official Website ) Silver Dollar City at the Roller Coaster DataBase ( A fan website for SDC ) Herschend Family Entertainment Amusement parks Dollywood Silver Dollar City Wild Adventures Aquariums Adventure Aquarium Newport Aquarium Water parks Dollywood 's Splash Country Splash Island ( Wild Adventures ) White Water Branson Other Dolly Parton 's Dixie Stampede Harlem Globetrotters Ride the Ducks Showboat Branson Belle Stone Mountain Park Talking Rocks Cavern Silver Dollar City Roller coasters Fire in the Hole Grand Exposition Coaster Outlaw Run Powder Keg : A Blast into the Wilderness Thunderation Wildfire Rides and attractions American Plunge Flooded Mine Giant Barn Swing Marvel Cave Former rides Buzz Saw Falls Runaway Ore Cart Recipients of the Liseberg Applause Award 1980 Magic Kingdom ( US ) 1982 Opryland USA ( US ) 1986 Epcot ( US ) 1988 Knott 's Berry Farm ( US ) 1990 Europa - Park ( DE ) 1992 Efteling ( NL ) 1994 Universal Studios Florida ( US ) 1996 Cedar Point ( US ) 1998 Silver Dollar City ( US ) 2000 Hersheypark ( US ) 2002 Busch Gardens Williamsburg ( US ) 2004 Holiday World & Splashin ' Safari ( US ) 2006 Islands of Adventure ( US ) 2008 Xetulul Theme Park ( GT ) 2010 Dollywood ( US ) 2012 Ocean Park Hong Kong ( HK ) 2014 Puy du Fou ( FR ) 2016 Busch Gardens Tampa ( US ) VIAF : 315147770 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silver_Dollar_City&oldid=803040407 '' Categories : Silver Dollar City Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from March 2013 All articles needing additional references Pages using deprecated image syntax Coordinates on Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015 Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français Edit links This page was last edited on 30 September 2017 , at 02 : 11 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how many roller coasters does silver dollar city have | ['\nSilver Dollar City\n\n\n\n\nLocation\nBranson, Missouri, U.S.\n\n\nCoordinates\n36°40′02″N 93°20′20″W\ufeff / \ufeff36.6671°N 93.3389°W\ufeff / 36.6671; -93.3389Coordinates: 36°40′02″N 93°20′20″W\ufeff / \ufeff36.6671°N 93.3389°W\ufeff / 36.6671; -93.3389\n\n\nOwner\nHerschend Family Entertainment\n\n\nGeneral Manager\nBrad Thomas\n\n\nOpened\nMay 1, 1960 (57 years ago) (1960-05-01)\n\n\nOperating season\nMarch – December\n\n\nVisitors per annum\n2 million[1]\n\n\nArea\n61 acres (250,000 m2)\n\n\nRides\n\n\nTotal\n31\n\n\nRoller coasters\n6\n\n\nWater rides\n4\n\n\nWebsite\nhttp://www.bransonsilverdollarcity.com\n\n'] | ['6'] |
Silver Dollar City
Location
Branson, Missouri, U.S.
Coordinates
36°40′02″N 93°20′20″W / 36.6671°N 93.3389°W / 36.6671; -93.3389Coordinates: 36°40′02″N 93°20′20″W / 36.6671°N 93.3389°W / 36.6671; -93.3389
Owner
Herschend Family Entertainment
General Manager
Brad Thomas
Opened
May 1, 1960 (57 years ago) (1960-05-01)
Operating season
March – December
Visitors per annum
2 million[1]
Area
61 acres (250,000 m2)
Rides
Total
31
Roller coasters
6
Water rides
4
Website
http://www.bransonsilverdollarcity.com
|
[question]: What is the name of the theme park located in Branson, Missouri?
[answer]: The theme park located in Branson, Missouri is called Silver Dollar City. | What is the name of the theme park located in Branson, Missouri? | The theme park located in Branson, Missouri is called Silver Dollar City. | 1 | 7.328849 | 12 | 66 | 1 |
26,415 | -7,546,495,948,435,919,000 | Seven Pillars of Wisdom | Seven Pillars of Wisdom - wikipedia Seven Pillars of Wisdom Jump to : navigation , search Seven Pillars of Wisdom Tooling on the cover of the first public printing , showing twin scimitars and the legend : `` the sword also means clean - ness + death '' Author T.E. Lawrence Country United Kingdom Language English Publisher private edition Publication date 1926 ( completed 1922 ) ISBN 0 - 9546418 - 0 - 9 OCLC 54675462 Seven Pillars of Wisdom is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British soldier T.E. Lawrence ( `` Lawrence of Arabia '' ) , while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks of 1916 to 1918 . It was completed in February 1922 , but first published in December 1926 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Title 2 Manuscripts and editions 3 Critical comments 4 Editions in print 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Title ( edit ) The title comes from the Book of Proverbs ( Proverbs 9 : 1 ) : `` Wisdom hath builded her house , she hath hewn out her seven pillars '' ( King James Version ) . Prior to the First World War , Lawrence had begun work on a scholarly book about seven great cities of the Middle East , to be titled Seven Pillars of Wisdom . When war broke out , it was still incomplete and Lawrence stated that he ultimately destroyed the manuscript although he remained keen on using his original title Seven Pillars of Wisdom for his later work . The book had to be rewritten three times , once following the loss of the manuscript on a train at Reading . From Seven Pillars , `` ... and then lost all but the Introduction and drafts of Books 9 and 10 at Reading Station , while changing trains . This was about Christmas , 1919 . '' ( p. 21 ) `` The Seven Pillars '' rock formation in Wadi Rum Seven Pillars of Wisdom is a biographical account of his experiences during the Arab Revolt of 1916 -- 18 , when Lawrence was based in Wadi Rum ( now a part of Jordan ) as a member of the British Forces of North Africa . With the support of Emir Faisal and his tribesmen , he helped organise and carry out attacks on the Ottoman forces from Aqaba in the south to Damascus in the north . Many sites inside the Wadi Rum area have been named after Lawrence to attract tourists , although there is little or no evidence connecting him to any of these places , including the rock formations near the entrance now known as `` The Seven Pillars '' . Speculation surrounds the book 's dedication , a poem written by Lawrence and edited by Robert Graves , concerning whether it is to an individual or to the whole Arab race . It begins , `` To S.A. '' , possibly meaning Selim Ahmed , a young Arab boy from Syria of whom Lawrence was very fond . Ahmed died , probably from typhus , aged 19 , a few weeks before the offensive to liberate Damascus . Lawrence received the news of his death some days before he entered Damascus . I loved you , so I drew these tides of Men into my hands And wrote my will across the Sky in stars To earn you freedom , the seven Pillared worthy house , That your eyes might be Shining for me When I came Death seemed my servant on the Road , ' til we were near And saw you waiting : When you smiled and in sorrowful Envy he outran me And took you apart : Into his quietness Love , the way - weary , groped to your body , Our brief wage Ours for the moment Before Earth 's soft hand explored your shape And the blind Worms grew fat upon Your substance Men prayed me that I set our work , The inviolate house , As a memory of you But for fit monument I shattered it , Unfinished : and now The little things creep out to patch Themselves hovels In the marred shadow Of your gift . A variant last line of that first stanza -- reading , `` When we came '' -- appears in some editions ; however , the 1922 Oxford text ( considered the definitive version ; see below ) has `` When I came '' . The poem originated as prose , submitted by letter to Graves , who edited the work heavily into its current form , rewriting an entire stanza and correcting the others . Manuscripts and editions ( edit ) Some Englishmen , of whom Kitchener was chief , believed that a rebellion of Arabs against Turks would enable England , while fighting Germany , simultaneously to defeat Turkey . Their knowledge of the nature and power and country of the Arabic - speaking peoples made them think that the issue of such a rebellion would be happy : and indicated its character and method . So they allowed it to begin ... -- Seven Pillars of Wisdom , Introduction Lawrence kept extensive notes throughout the course of his involvement in the Revolt . He began work on a clean narrative in the first half of 1919 while in Paris for the Peace Conference and , later that summer , while back in Egypt . By December 1919 , he had a fair draft of most of the ten books that make up the Seven Pillars of Wisdom but lost it ( except for the introduction and final two books ) when he misplaced his briefcase while changing trains at Reading railway station . National newspapers alerted the public to the loss of the `` hero 's manuscript '' , but to no avail ; the draft remained lost . Lawrence refers to this version as `` Text I '' and says that had it been published , it would have been some 250,000 words in length . In early 1920 , Lawrence set about the daunting task of rewriting as much as he could remember of the first version . Working from memory alone ( he had destroyed many of his wartime notes upon completion of the corresponding parts of Text I ) , he was able to complete this `` Text II '' , 400,000 words long , in three months . Lawrence described this version as `` hopelessly bad '' in literary terms , but historically it was `` substantially complete and accurate '' . This manuscript , titled by Lawrence `` The Arab Revolt , '' is held by the Harry Ransom Center with a letter from Lawrence 's brother authenticating it as the earliest surviving manuscript of what would become Seven Pillars of Wisdom . With Text II in front of him , Lawrence began working on a polished version ( `` Text III '' ) in London , Jeddah , and Amman during 1921 . Lawrence completed this text comprising 335,000 words in February 1922 . To eliminate any risk of losing the manuscript again , and to have copies that he could show privately to critics , he considered having the book typed out . However , he discovered that it would be cheaper to get the text typeset and printed on a proofing press at the Oxford Times printing works . Just eight copies were produced , of which six survive . In bibliographical terms the result was the first `` edition '' of Seven Pillars ( because the text was reproduced on a printing press ) . In legal terms , however , these substitutes for a typescript were not `` published '' . Lawrence retained ownership of all the copies and chose who was allowed to read them . The proof - printing became known as the `` Oxford Text '' of Seven Pillars . As a text it is unsatisfactory because Lawrence could not afford to have the proof corrected . It therefore contains innumerable transcription errors , and in places lines and even whole paragraphs are missing . He made corrections by hand in five of the copies and had them bound . ( In 2001 , the last time one of these rough printings came on to the market , it fetched almost US $1 million at auction . ) Instead of burning the manuscript , Lawrence presented it to the Bodleian Library in Oxford . By mid-1922 , Lawrence was in a state of severe mental turmoil : the psychological after - effects of war were taking their toll , as were his exhaustion from the literary endeavours of the past three years , his disillusionment with the settlement given to his Arab comrades - in - arms , and the burdens of being in the public eye as a perceived `` national hero '' . It was at this time that he re-enlisted in the armed forces under an assumed name , for the most part in the Royal Air Force , as described in his book The Mint with the byline `` by 352087 A / c Ross '' , with a period in the Royal Tank Corps as `` Private Shaw '' . Concerned over his mental state and eager for his story to be read by a wider public , his friends persuaded him to produce an abridged version of Seven Pillars , to serve as both intellectual stimulation and a source of much - needed income . In his off - duty evenings , he set to trimming the 1922 text down to 250,000 words for a subscribers ' edition . The Subscribers ' Edition -- in a limited print run of about 200 copies , each with a unique , sumptuous , hand - crafted binding -- was published in late 1926 , with the subtitle A Triumph . It was printed in London by Roy Manning Pike and Herbert John Hodgson , with illustrations by Eric Kennington , Augustus John , Paul Nash , Blair Hughes - Stanton and his wife Gertrude Hermes . Copies occasionally become available in the antiquarian trade and can easily command prices of up to US $100,000 . Unfortunately , each copy cost Lawrence three times the thirty guineas the subscribers had paid . The Subscribers ' Edition was 25 % shorter than the Oxford Text , but Lawrence did not abridge uniformly . The deletions from the early books are much less drastic than those of the later ones : for example , Book I lost 17 % of its words and Book IV lost 21 % , compared to 50 % and 32 % for Books VIII and IX . Critics differed in their opinions of the two editions : Robert Graves , E.M. Forster and George Bernard Shaw preferred the 1922 text ( although , from a legal standpoint , they appreciated the removal of certain passages that could have been considered libellous , or at least indiscreet ) , while Edward Garnett preferred the 1926 version . Literary merits aside , however , producing the Subscribers ' Edition had left Lawrence facing bankruptcy . He was forced to undertake an even more stringent pruning to produce a version for sale to the general public : this was the 1927 Revolt in the Desert , a work of some 130,000 words : `` an abridgement of an abridgement , '' remarked George Bernard Shaw , not without disdain . Nevertheless , it received wide acclaim by the public and critics alike , the vast majority of whom had never seen or read the unabridged Subscribers ' Edition . After the 1926 release of the Subscribers ' Edition , Lawrence stated that no further issue of Seven Pillars would be made during his lifetime . Lawrence was killed in a motorcycle accident in May 1935 , at the age of 46 , and within weeks of his death , the 1926 abridgement was published for general circulation . The unabridged Oxford Text of 1922 was not published until 1997 , when it appeared as a `` best text '' edited by Jeremy Wilson from the manuscript in the Bodleian Library and Lawrence 's amended copy of the 1922 proof printing . Wilson made some further minor amendments in a new edition published in 2003 . Critical comments ( edit ) Charles Hill has called Seven Pillars `` a novel traveling under the cover of autobiography , '' capturing Lawrence 's highly personal version of the historical events described in the book . Winston Churchill quoted in an advertisement for the 1935 edition said `` It ranks with the greatest books ever written in the English language . As a narrative of war and adventure it is unsurpassable . '' Editions in print ( edit ) ISBN 0 - 9546418 - 0 - 9 Seven Pillars of Wisdom , 1922 , unabridged Oxford text . ISBN 0 - 385 - 41895 - 7 Seven Pillars of Wisdom , 1926 , Subscribers ' Edition text . ISBN 1 - 56619 - 275 - 7 Revolt in the Desert , 1927 , abridgement . ISBN 0 - 385 - 07015 - 2 Seven Pillars of Wisdom , 1935 , Jonathan Cape ( London and Toronto ) edition published shortly after Lawrence 's death . Review saying `` published this day '' published 29 July 1935 Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Lawrence , T.E. ( 2008 ) , Seven Pillars of Wisdom , Random House , pp. 16 -- , ISBN 978 - 0 - 09 - 951178 - 6 Jump up ^ Letter from T.E. Lawrence to R.V. Buxton , 22 September 1923 Jump up ^ http://biblehub.com/proverbs/9-1.htm Jump up ^ The seven cities were Cairo , Smyrna , Constantinople , Beyrout , Aleppo , Damascus and Medina . Robert Graves , Lawrence and the Arabs , op. cit . Jump up ^ Robert Graves ( op . cit ) refers to this incident not as a misplacement but as a theft : `` ( Lawrence ) has never imagined a political motive for the theft , but his friends have . They even whisper darkly that one day the lost text may reappear in certain official archives . '' Jeremy Wilson , author of Lawrence 's authorised biography , also describes it as having been stolen. ( 1 ) Jump up ^ `` T.E. Lawrence : An Inventory of His Collection at the Harry Ransom Center '' . norman.hrc.utexas.edu . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 09 . Jump up ^ http://www.telstudies.org/discussion/writings_and_criticism/wilson_7_pillars_1.shtml Jump up ^ `` He was so keen to do things well that he actually spent £ 13,000 on the edition -- the reproduction of the pictures alone cost him more than the subscriptions -- leaving him £ 10,000 out of pocket . '' Graves , op . cit . Jump up ^ Grand Strategies ; Literature , Statecreft , and World Order , Yale University Press , 2010 , p. 8 . Jump up ^ The ( London ) Times newspaper , page 6 of the issue in which crossword 1,761 appears ! ( on page 5 ) Jump up ^ ( London ) Observer , 29 July 1935 , `` How Lawrence of Arabia Saw Himself '' , by JB Firth References ( edit ) Graves , Robert ( 1927 ) . Lawrence and the Arabs . London : Jonathan Cape . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7861 - 0781 - 0 . Wilson , Jeremy ( 1989 ) . Lawrence of Arabia : The Authorised Biography of T.E. Lawrence . London : William Heinemann . ISBN 978 - 0 - 434 - 87235 - 0 . Wilson , Jeremy . `` T.E. Lawrence , Seven Pillars of Wisdom : Publishing History '' . T.E. Lawrence Studies . Archived from the original on 2006 - 05 - 02 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 17 . Wilson , Jeremy . `` Seven Pillars of Wisdom -- Triumph and Tragedy '' . T.E. Lawrence Studies . Archived from the original on 2008 - 05 - 17 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 17 . External links ( edit ) Bibliowiki has original media or text related to this article : Seven Pillars of Wisdom ( in the public domain in Canada ) Seven Pillars of Wisdom at archive.org Revolt in the Desert at Faded Page ( Canada ) Seven Pillars of Wisdom ( 1926 ) at Project Gutenberg Australia Seven Pillars of Wisdom ( 1926 ) in HTML , the Project Gutenberg Australia text converted by Wes Jones ( hide ) T.E. Lawrence Life of Lawrence Sir Thomas Chapman , 7th Baronet ( father ) A.W. Lawrence ( brother ) Battle of Aqaba Lowell Thomas Works by Lawrence Seven Pillars of Wisdom ( 1922 ) The Mint ( 1955 ) Works about Lawrence Too True to Be Good ( 1932 ) Ross ( 1960 play ) Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 film ) Lawrence of Arabia : The Authorised Biography of T.E. Lawrence ( 1989 ) A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia ( 1992 film ) Lawrence After Arabia ( 2016 play ) GND : 4192169 - 0 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seven_Pillars_of_Wisdom&oldid=788201736 '' Categories : T.E. Lawrence 1922 books 1926 books 1927 books British autobiographies British non-fiction literature English - language books History books about World War I Personal accounts of World War I Military autobiographies Books about the Middle East Books about the Ottoman Empire Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013 Articles with Wikilivres links Articles with Project Gutenberg links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Cymraeg Deutsch Español Français Italiano עברית Polski Português Русский Suomi Türkçe 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 June 2017 , at 02 : 15 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the 7 pillars of wisdom about | ['Seven Pillars of Wisdom is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British soldier T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks of 1916 to 1918.'] | ['the autobiographical account of the experiences of British soldier T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks of 1916 to 1918'] | Seven Pillars of Wisdom is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British soldier T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks of 1916 to 1918. |
[question]: What is the name of the autobiographical account of T. E. Lawrence's experiences during the Arab Revolt?
[answer]: The autobiographical account of T. E. Lawrence's experiences during the Arab Revolt is titled "Seven Pillars of Wisdom". | What is the name of the autobiographical account of T. E. Lawrence's experiences during the Arab Revolt? | The autobiographical account of T. E. Lawrence's experiences during the Arab Revolt is titled "Seven Pillars of Wisdom". | 1 | 7.328233 | 18 | 41 | 1 |
18,560 | -2,916,958,674,789,840,000 | Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory | Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory - Wikipedia Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Jump to : navigation , search For the 2005 film adaptation , see Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( film ) . For the book , see Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Stuart Produced by Stan Margulies David L. Wolper Screenplay by Roald Dahl Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Gene Wilder Jack Albertson Peter Ostrum Roy Kinnear Julie Dawn Cole Leonard Stone Denise Nickerson Dodo Denney Paris Themmen Music by Leslie Bricusse Anthony Newley Walter Scharf Cinematography Arthur Ibbetson Edited by David Saxon Production company Wolper Pictures , Ltd The Quaker Oats Company Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date June 30 , 1971 ( 1971 - 06 - 30 ) ( United States ) Running time 99 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $3 million Box office $4 million Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart , and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka . It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl . Dahl was credited with writing the film 's screenplay ; however , David Seltzer , who went uncredited in the film , was brought in to re-work Dahl 's screenplay against his wishes , making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers . These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film . The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket ( Peter Ostrum ) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka 's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world . Filming took place in Munich in 1970 , and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30 , 1971 . With a budget of just $3 million , the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run . Paramount distributed the film until 1977 , and beginning in the 1980s , Warner Bros. assumed control of the rights for home entertainment purposes . The film then made an additional $21 million during its re-release by Warner Bros. under its Family Entertainment banner in 1996 . The film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales . In 1972 , the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score , and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof . The film also introduced the song `` The Candy Man '' , which went on to become a popular hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr . In 2014 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Main cast 2.1 Oompa Loompas 3 Production 3.1 Development 3.2 Casting 3.3 Filming 3.4 Promotion 4 Reception 4.1 Dahl 's reaction 5 Television 6 Adaptation 7 Home media 8 Music 9 Soundtrack 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links Plot ( edit ) In an unnamed town , children visit a candy shop . Charlie Bucket , a poor paperboy , stares through the window as the shop owner sings `` The Candy Man '' . Walking home , he passes Willy Wonka 's chocolate factory . A mysterious tinker recites the first lines of William Allingham 's poem `` The Fairies '' , and tells Charlie , `` Nobody ever goes in , and nobody ever comes out . '' Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents . After telling Grandpa Joe about the tinker , Joe reveals that Wonka locked the factory because other candy makers , including rival Arthur Slugworth , sent in spies to steal his recipes . Wonka disappeared , but for three years resumed selling candy ; the origin of Wonka 's labor force is unknown . The next day , Wonka announces that he hid five `` Golden Tickets '' in chocolate Wonka Bars . Finders of the tickets will receive a factory tour and a lifetime supply of chocolate . Four of the tickets are found by Augustus Gloop , a gluttonous boy ; Veruca Salt , a spoiled girl ; Violet Beauregarde , a gum - chewing girl ; and Mike Teavee , a television - obsessed boy . As each winner 's announced on TV , a man whispers to them . Charlie opens two Wonka Bars but finds no Golden Ticket and loses hope . The newspapers announce the fifth ticket was found by a millionaire in Paraguay . Charlie finds money in a gutter and uses it to buy a Scrumdiddlyumptious bar . With the change , he buys a Wonka Bar for Joe . Walking home , as Charlie hears newspapers revealing that the Paraguayan millionaire 's ticket is a forgery , he opens the Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket . While rushing home , he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners , who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers a reward for a sample of Wonka 's latest creation , the Everlasting Gobstopper . Charlie returns home with the Golden Ticket and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone and they sing `` I 've Got A Golden Ticket '' . The next day , Wonka greets the ticket winners and leads them inside where each signs a contract before the tour . The factory includes a river of chocolate , edible mushrooms , lickable wallpaper , and other sweets and inventions . As the visitors sample these , Wonka sings `` Pure Imagination '' . The visitors see Wonka 's workers , small men known as Oompa - Loompas , who sing their song whenever a ticket holder falls into a trap . Augustus falls into the chocolate river and is sucked up a pipe to the Fudge Room . In the Inventing Room , everyone receives an Everlasting Gobstopper . Violet becomes a large blueberry after chewing an experimental gum containing a three - course meal , despite Wonka 's warnings . The group reaches the Fizzy Lifting Drinks Room , where Charlie and Grandpa Joe ignore Wonka 's warning and sample the drinks . They float and have a near - fatal encounter with an exhaust fan before burping back to the ground . In the Chocolate Eggs Room , Veruca demands a golden goose for herself before falling into a garbage chute leading to the furnace , with her father falling in trying to rescue her . The group tests out Wonka 's Wonkavision , only to have Mike teleport himself and become only a few inches tall . Only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain , but Wonka dismisses them without the promised chocolate . When Grandpa Joe asks him why , Wonka angrily explains that they violated the contract by stealing Fizzy Lifting Drinks and will receive nothing . An angered Grandpa Joe suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper in revenge , but Charlie returns the candy back to Wonka . With this selfless act , Wonka declares Charlie as the winner . He reveals that Slugworth is actually `` Mr. Wilkinson '' , an employee of his , and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a morality test which only Charlie passed . The trio enter the `` Wonkavator '' , a multi-directional glass elevator that flies out of the factory . Soaring over the city , Wonka reveals that his actual prize is the factory ; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir enough , and so Charlie and his family can immediately move in . Wonka then reminds Charlie not to forget about the man who suddenly received everything he ever wanted . Charlie asks , `` What ever happened to him ? '' to which Wonka replies , `` He lived happily ever after . '' Main cast ( edit ) The main cast . Back row ( left to right ) : Michael Bollner , Ursula Reit , Gene Wilder Front row ( left to right ) : Leonard Stone , Denise Nickerson , Roy Kinnear , Julie Dawn Cole , Dodo Denny , Paris Themmen , Peter Ostrum , Jack Albertson Main article : List of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory characters Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka Jack Albertson as Grandpa Joe Peter Ostrum as Charlie Bucket Roy Kinnear as Henry Salt Julie Dawn Cole as Veruca Salt Leonard Stone as Sam Beauregarde Denise Nickerson as Violet Beauregarde Dodo Denney as Mrs. Teevee Paris Themmen as Mike Teevee Ursula Reit as Mrs. Gloop Michael Bollner as Augustus Gloop Diana Sowle as Mrs. Bucket Aubrey Woods as Bill , the Candy Shop owner David Battley as Mr. Turkentine Günter Meisner as Arthur Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson Peter Capell as The Tinker Werner Heyking as Mr. Jopeck Peter Stuart as Winkelmann Oompa Loompas ( edit ) Rusty Goffe Rudy Borgstaller George Claydon Malcolm Dixon Ismed Hassan Norman McGlen Angelo Muscat Pepe Poupee Marcus Powell Albert Wilkinson Production ( edit ) Development ( edit ) The idea for adapting the book into a film came about when director Mel Stuart 's ten - year - old daughter read the book and asked her father to make a film out of it , with `` Uncle Dave '' ( producer David L. Wolper ) producing it . Stuart showed the book to Wolper , who happened to be in the midst of talks with the Quaker Oats Company regarding a vehicle to introduce a new candy bar from its Chicago - based Breaker Confections subsidiary ( since renamed the Willy Wonka Candy Company and sold to Nestlé ) . Wolper persuaded the company , which had no previous experience in the film industry , to buy the rights to the book and finance the picture for the purpose of promoting a new Quaker Oats Wonka Bar . It was agreed that the film would be a children 's musical , and that Dahl himself would write the screenplay . However , the title was changed to Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory . Screenwriter David Seltzer conceived a gimmick exclusively for the film that had Wonka quoting numerous literary sources , such as Arthur O'Shaughnessy 's Ode , Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest , Samuel Taylor Coleridge 's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice . Seltzer also worked Slugworth ( only mentioned as a rival candy maker in the book ) into the plot as an actual character ( only to be revealed to be Wilkinson , one of Wonka 's agents , at the end of the film ) . Casting ( edit ) All six members of Monty Python : Graham Chapman , John Cleese , Eric Idle , Terry Gilliam , Terry Jones and Michael Palin , expressed interest in playing Wonka , but at the time they were deemed not big enough names for an international audience . Three of the members , Cleese , Idle and Palin , were later seriously considered for the same role in Tim Burton 's version . Before Wilder was officially cast for the role , producers considered Fred Astaire , Joel Grey , Ron Moody and Jon Pertwee . Spike Milligan was Roald Dahl 's original choice to play Willy Wonka . Peter Sellers even begged Dahl for the role . When Wilder was cast for the role , he accepted it on one condition : When I make my first entrance , I 'd like to come out of the door carrying a cane and then walk toward the crowd with a limp . After the crowd sees Willy Wonka is a cripple , they all whisper to themselves and then become deathly quiet . As I walk toward them , my cane sinks into one of the cobblestones I 'm walking on and stands straight up , by itself ; but I keep on walking , until I realize that I no longer have my cane . I start to fall forward , and just before I hit the ground , I do a beautiful forward somersault and bounce back up , to great applause . -- Gene Wilder The reason why Wilder wanted this in the film was that `` from that time on , no one will know if I 'm lying or telling the truth . '' Jean Stapleton turned down the role of Mrs. Teevee . Jim Backus was considered for the role of Sam Beauregarde . Sammy Davis , Jr. wanted to play Bill , the candy store owner , but Stuart did not like the idea because he felt that the presence of a big star in the candy store scene would break the reality . Nevertheless , Davis ' recording of the film 's opening musical number , `` The Candy Man , '' would top the Billboard magazine record charts in 1972 , despite the fact that Davis initially hated the song . Anthony Newley also wanted to play Bill , but Stuart also objected to this for the same reason . Filming ( edit ) Principal photography commenced on April 30 , 1970 , and ended on November 19 , 1970 . The primary shooting location was Munich , Bavaria , West Germany , because it was significantly cheaper than filming in the United States and the setting was conducive to Wonka 's factory ; Stuart also liked the ambiguity and unfamiliarity of the location . External shots of the factory were filmed at the gasworks of Stadtwerke München ( Emmy - Noether - Straße 10 ) ; the entrance and side buildings still exist . The exterior of Charlie Bucket 's house , which was only a set constructed for the film , was filmed at Quellenstraße in Munich , Bavaria . Charlie 's school was filmed at Katholisches Pfarramt St. Sylvester , Biedersteiner Straße 1 in Munich . Bill 's Candy Shop was filmed at Lilienstraße , Munich . The closing sequence when the Wonkavator is flying above the factory is footage of Nördlingen in Bavaria . Munich Gasworks as it appears today ( building on the left ) Munich Gasworks as it appears today Nördlingen , the town seen from above at the end of the film Production designer Harper Goff centered the factory on the massive Chocolate Room . According to Paris Themmen , who played Mike Teevee , `` The river was made of water with food coloring . At one point , they poured some cocoa powder into it to try to thicken it but it did n't really work . When asked this question , Michael Böllner , who played Augustus Gloop , answers , ' It vas dirty , stinking vater . ' '' When interviewed for the 30th anniversary special edition , Gene Wilder stated that he enjoyed working with most of the child actors , but said that he and the crew had some problems with Paris Themmen , claiming that he was `` a handful '' . Promotion ( edit ) Before its release , the film received advance publicity though TV commercials offering a `` Willy Wonka candy factory kit '' for sending $1.00 and two seals from boxes of Quaker cereals such as King Vitaman , Life and any of the Cap'n Crunch brands . Reception ( edit ) Willy Wonka was released on June 30 , 1971 . The film was not a big success , being the fifty - third highest - grossing film of the year in the U.S. , earning just over $2.1 million on its opening weekend , although it received positive reviews from critics such as Roger Ebert , who compared it to The Wizard of Oz . By the mid-1980s , Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory had experienced a spike in popularity thanks in large part to repeated television broadcasts and home video sales . Following a 25th anniversary theatrical re-release in 1996 , it was released on DVD the next year , allowing it to reach a new generation of viewers . The film was released as a remastered special edition on DVD and VHS in 2001 to commemorate the film 's 30th anniversary . In 2003 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it 25th in the `` Top 50 Cult Movies '' of all time . As of 2017 , the film holds a 90 % `` Fresh '' rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 based on 42 reviews . The site 's critical consensus states : `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is strange yet comforting , full of narrative detours that do n't always work but express the film 's uniqueness '' . Willy Wonka was ranked No. 74 on Bravo 's 100 Scariest Movie Moments for the `` scary tunnel '' scene . Dahl 's reaction ( edit ) Dahl disowned the film , the script of which was partially rewritten by David Seltzer after Dahl failed to meet deadlines . Dahl said he was `` disappointed '' because `` he thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie '' , as well as the casting of Gene Wilder instead of Spike Milligan . Dahl was also `` infuriated '' by the deviations in the plot Seltzer devised in his draft of the screenplay , including the conversion of Slugworth , a minor character in the book , into a spy ( so that the movie could have a villain ) and the `` fizzy lifting drinks '' scene along with music other than the original Oompa Loompa compositions ( including `` Pure Imagination '' and `` The Candy Man '' ) , and the ending dialogue for the movie . In 1996 , Dahl 's second wife Felicity commented on her husband 's objections towards the film saying `` they always want to change a book 's storyline . What makes Hollywood think children want the endings changed for a film , when they accept it in a book ? '' Television ( edit ) The film made its television debut on November 23 , 1975 on NBC . There was some controversy with the showing as the Oakland Raiders vs Washington Redskins ( 26 - 23 ) Football game went into overtime , and the first 40 minutes of the movie were cut . The film placed 19th in the TV Ratings for the week ending Nov 23 , beating out The Streets of San Francisco and Little House on the Prairie . The next TV showing of the film was on May 2 , 1976 , where it placed 46th in the ratings . Some TV listings indicate the showing was part of the World of Disney time slot . Adaptation ( edit ) Main article : Tom and Jerry : Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory In 2017 , an adaptation of the film with Tom and Jerry was released . Tom and Jerry : Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory stars JP Karliak as Willy Wonka and is dedicated to Gene Wilder , who died under a year before the release . Home media ( edit ) The film was first released on DVD in 1997 / 1999 in a `` 25th anniversary edition '' as a double sided disc containing a widescreen and `` standard '' version . The `` standard '' version is an open matte print , where the mattes used to make the image widescreen are removed , revealing information originally intended to be hidden from viewers . VHS copies were also available , but only containing the `` standard '' version . A special edition DVD was released , celebrating the film 's 30th anniversary , on August 28 , 2001 , but in fullscreen only . Due to the lack of a letterboxed release , fan petitioning eventually led Warner Home Video to issue a widescreen version on November 13 , 2001 . It was also released on VHS , with only one of the special features ( a making - of feature ) . Several original cast members reunited to film documentary footage for this special edition DVD release . The two editions featured restored sound , and better picture quality . In addition to the documentary , the DVD included a trailer , a gallery , and audio commentary by the cast . In 2007 , Warner Home Video released the film on HD DVD with all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD . The film was released on Blu - ray on October 20 , 2009 . It includes all the bonus features from the 2001 DVD and 2007 HD - DVD as well as a 38 - page book . In 2011 , a new deluxe - 40th - anniversary edition Blu - ray / DVD set was released on November 1 , consisting of the film on Blu - ray Disc and DVD as well as a bonus features disc . The set also included a variety of rarities such as a Wonka Bar - designed tin , four scented pencils , a scented eraser , a book detailing the making of the film , original production papers and a Golden Ticket to win a trip to Los Angeles . The set is now out of print . Music ( edit ) The Academy Award - nominated original score and songs were composed by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley , and musical direction was by Walter Scharf . The soundtrack was first released by Paramount Records in 1971 . On October 8 , 1996 , Hip - O Records ( in conjunction with MCA Records , which by then owned the Paramount catalog ) , released the soundtrack on CD as a `` 25th Anniversary Edition '' . The music and songs , in order of appearance , are : `` Main Title '' -- Instrumental medley of `` ( I 've Got A ) Golden Ticket '' and `` Pure Imagination '' `` The Candy Man '' -- Aubrey Woods `` Cheer Up , Charlie '' -- Diana Lee ( dubbing over Diana Sowle ) `` ( I 've Got A ) Golden Ticket '' -- Jack Albertson and Peter Ostrum `` Pure Imagination '' -- Gene Wilder `` Oompa Loompa ( Augustus ) '' -- The Oompa Loompas `` The Wondrous Boat Ride '' / `` The Rowing Song '' -- Gene Wilder `` Oompa Loompa ( Violet ) '' -- The Oompa Loompas `` I Want It Now ! '' -- Julie Dawn Cole `` Oompa Loompa ( Veruca ) '' -- The Oompa Loompas `` Ach , so fromm '' ( alternately titled `` M'appari '' , from Martha ) -- Gene Wilder `` Oompa Loompa ( Mike ) '' -- The Oompa Loompas `` End Credits '' -- `` Pure Imagination '' Soundtrack ( edit ) The track listing for the soundtrack 's as follows : `` Main Title '' ( `` Golden Ticket '' / `` Pure Imagination '' ) `` The Candy Man '' `` Charlie 's Paper Run '' `` Cheer Up Charlie '' `` Lucky Charlie '' `` ( I 've Got A ) Golden Ticket '' `` Pure Imagination '' `` Oompa Loompa '' `` The Wondrous Boat Ride '' `` Everlasting Gobstoppers / Oompa Loompa '' `` The Bubble Machine '' `` I Want It Now / Oompa Loompa '' `` Wonkamobile , Wonkavision / Oompa Loompa '' `` Wonkavator / End Title '' ( `` Pure Imagination '' ) See also ( edit ) Film portal 1970s portal List of American films of 1971 Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Because Paramount Pictures decided not to renew distribution rights , the film rights were transferred to Warner Bros. in 1977 , when Wolper Pictures , Ltd. was bought by the company and Quaker Oats sold its share of the film References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( U ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . August 20 , 1971 . Retrieved August 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) '' . ^ Jump up to : `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) - Financial Information '' . The-numbers.com . Retrieved February 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Why Roald Dahl Hated The Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Film '' . yahoo . Retrieved September 12 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Liz Buckingham , trustee for the Roald Dahl Museum , quoted in Tom Bishop : `` Willy Wonka 's Everlasting Film Plot '' , BBC News , July 2005 Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory '' . AFI Catalog of Feature Films . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : J.M. Kenny ( Writer , Director , Producer ) ( 2001 ) . Pure Imagination : The Story of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( DVD ) . USA : Warner Home Video . Retrieved December 2 , 2006 . ^ Jump up to : Paur , Joey . `` 25 Fun Facts About Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory '' . Retrieved July 8 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Honeybone , Nigel ( April 25 , 2012 ) . `` Film Review : Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) '' . Retrieved July 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Segal , David ( March 28 , 2005 ) . `` Gene Wilder : It Hurts to Laugh '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved July 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Evans , Bradford ( January 31 , 2013 ) . `` The Lost Roles of Peter Sellers '' . Splitsider . Retrieved July 11 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Perkins , Will . `` Gene Wilder 's Willy Wonka Demands Revealed '' . Yahoo.com . Yahoo . Retrieved 18 September 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Jean Stapleton Dies : Top 10 Facts You Need to Know '' . Heavy.com . June 1 , 2013 . Retrieved July 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Chandler , Ed ( June 3 , 2013 ) . `` Five Things You Should Know About Jean Stapleton '' . Retrieved July 13 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) : Notes '' . Turner Classic Movies . Retrieved July 13 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` ParisThemmenAMA comments on I am Paris Themmen . I played Mike Teevee in the original Willy Wonka . AMA ! '' . Reddit.com . September 2 , 2014 . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stuart , Mel ; Young , Josh ( November 1 , 2001 ) . Pure Imagination : The Making of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory . St. Martin 's Press . ISBN 978 - 0312287771 . Jump up ^ robatsea2009 ( December 19 , 2011 ) . `` Willy Wonka Candy Factory 1971 TV commercial '' -- via YouTube . Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory : Box Office Data , DVD and Blu - ray Sales , Movie News , Cast and Crew Information '' . The-numbers.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Ebert , Roger ( January 1 , 1971 ) . `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory '' . Chicago Sun - Times . Jump up ^ Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at Rotten Tomatoes Jump up ^ `` Bravo 's ' The 100 Scariest Movie Moments ' '' . Archived from the original on August 1 , 2007 . ^ Jump up to : Bishop , Tom ( July 11 , 2005 ) . `` Willy Wonka 's Everlasting Film Plot '' . BBC News . Retrieved January 29 , 2014 . He thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie , '' said Liz Attenborough , trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in Buckinghamshire . `` For him the book was about Charlie . Jump up ^ Pure Imagination : The Story of `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory '' . Two Dog Productions Inc. 2001 . Jump up ^ `` Raiders , NBC 0 -- 2 in N.Y. ; First Heidi , Now Willy Wonka '' . Los Angeles Times . November 24 , 1975 . p . C2 . Jump up ^ `` 4 Movies Shake Up Week 's Nielsen List '' . Los Angeles Times . November 26 , 1975 . p. 15 . Jump up ^ `` TV Guide Listings '' . Los Angeles Times . May 2 , 1976 . p. 10 . Jump up ^ Williams , Ken ( May 11 , 1976 ) . `` Among Other Things '' . Journal - News . Hamilton , OH . p. 7 . Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) '' . Dvdmg.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory : 30th Anniversary Edition ( 1971 ) '' . Dvdmg.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory ( HD DVD ) - IGN '' . Dvd.ign.com . June 6 , 2007 . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` News : Willy Wonka & The Chocolate Factory ( US - BD ) '' . DVDActive.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Cook , Tommy ( November 1 , 2011 ) . `` Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory 40th Anniversary Box Set Blu - ray Review '' . Collider.com . Retrieved May 4 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Wikiquote has quotations related to : Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Wikimedia Commons has media related to Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory . Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory on IMDb Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at the TCM Movie Database Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory at Rotten Tomatoes The AFI Catalog of Feature Films ... Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Roald Dahl 's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Books Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator Films Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory soundtrack Tom and Jerry : Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Characters Willy Wonka Theater Roald Dahl 's Willy Wonka ( 2004 musical ) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2013 musical ) The Golden Ticket Music Charlie and the Chocolate Factory : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack `` Pure Imagination '' `` The Candy Man '' Miscellaneous The Ride Video games Wonka Bar Everlasting Gobstopper Primus & the Chocolate Factory with the Fungi Ensemble The Willy Wonka Candy Company Films directed by Mel Stuart Four Days in November ( 1964 ) If It 's Tuesday , This Must Be Belgium ( 1969 ) I Love My Wife ( 1970 ) Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) One Is a Lonely Number ( 1972 ) Wattstax ( 1973 ) Mean Dog Blues ( 1978 ) The Triangle Factory Fire Scandal ( 1979 ) The White Lions ( 1981 ) Roald Dahl Children 's fiction The Gremlins ( 1943 ) James and the Giant Peach ( 1961 ) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 1964 ) The Magic Finger ( 1966 ) Fantastic Mr Fox ( 1970 ) Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator ( 1972 ) Danny , the Champion of the World ( 1975 ) The Enormous Crocodile ( 1978 ) The Twits ( 1980 ) George 's Marvellous Medicine ( 1981 ) The BFG ( 1982 ) The Witches ( 1983 ) The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me ( 1985 ) Matilda ( 1988 ) Esio Trot ( 1990 ) The Vicar of Nibbleswicke ( 1991 ) The Minpins ( 1991 ) Children 's poetry Revolting Rhymes ( 1982 ) Dirty Beasts ( 1983 ) Rhyme Stew ( 1989 ) Adult novels Sometime Never : A Fable for Supermen ( 1948 ) My Uncle Oswald ( 1979 ) Adult short story collections Over to You : Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying ( 1946 ) Someone Like You ( 1953 ) Kiss Kiss ( 1960 ) Lamb to the Slaughter ( 1953 ) Switch Bitch ( 1974 ) The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More ( 1977 ) The Best of Roald Dahl ( 1978 ) Tales of the Unexpected ( 1979 ) More Tales of the Unexpected ( 1980 ) The Roald Dahl Omnibus ( 1986 ) Two Fables ( 1986 ) Ah , Sweet Mystery of Life : The Country Stories of Roald Dahl ( 1989 ) The Collected Short Stories of Roald Dahl ( 1991 ) The Roald Dahl Treasury ( 1997 ) The Great Automatic Grammatizator ( 1998 ) Skin and Other Stories ( 2000 ) Roald Dahl : Collected Stories ( 2006 ) Non-fiction The Mildenhall Treasure ( 1946 ) Boy : Tales of Childhood ( 1984 ) Going Solo ( 1986 ) Memories with Food at Gipsy House ( 1991 ) Roald Dahl 's Guide to Railway Safety ( 1991 ) My Year ( 1993 ) Film adaptations 36 Hours ( 1965 ) Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) Danny , the Champion of the World ( 1989 ) The BFG ( 1989 ) The Witches ( 1990 ) Four Rooms ( 1995 ) James and the Giant Peach ( 1996 ) Matilda ( 1996 ) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) Fantastic Mr. Fox ( 2009 ) Roald Dahl 's Esio Trot ( 2015 ) The BFG ( 2016 ) Revolting Rhymes ( 2016 ) Film scripts The Bells of Hell Go Ting - a-ling - a-ling ( 1966 , unfinished ) You Only Live Twice ( 1967 ) Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 1968 ) The Night Digger ( 1971 ) Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory ( 1971 ) Television series ' Way Out ( 1961 ) Tales of the Unexpected ( 1979 -- 88 ) Musicals and plays The Honeys ( 1955 ) Matilda ( 2010 ) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2013 ) Fantastic Mr Fox ( 2016 ) See also Quentin Blake Roald Dahl bibliography Roald Dahl short stories bibliography Roald Dahl 's Book of Ghost Stories ( 1983 ) List of Tales of the Unexpected episodes Related Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre Roald Dahl Children 's Gallery Patricia Neal ( wife ) Tessa Dahl ( daughter ) Ophelia Dahl ( daughter ) Lucy Dahl ( daughter ) Sophie Dahl ( granddaughter ) Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willy_Wonka_%26_the_Chocolate_Factory&oldid=800521727 '' Categories : 1971 films English - language films Willy Wonka American films 1970s musical films 1970s fantasy films American children 's fantasy films American musical films Compositions by Leslie Bricusse Films about children Films about food and drink Films based on British novels Films based on children 's books Films based on fantasy novels Films based on works by Roald Dahl Films directed by Mel Stuart Films set in Europe Films shot in Bavaria Musical fantasy films Quaker Oats Company Screenplays by Roald Dahl Size change in fiction United States National Film Registry films The Wolper Organization films Paramount Pictures films Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from April 2017 All Wikipedia articles needing clarification Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2017 Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017 All articles containing potentially dated statements Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote Български Català Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 14 September 2017 , at 02 : 00 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | who owns willy wonka and the chocolate factory | ['The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka\'s chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. With a budget of just $3 million, the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run. Paramount distributed the film until 1977, and beginning in the 1980s, Warner Bros. assumed control of the rights for home entertainment purposes. The film then made an additional $21 million during its re-release by Warner Bros. under its Family Entertainment banner in 1996. The film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales.[6] In 1972, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof. The film also introduced the song "The Candy Man", which went on to become a popular hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".'] | ['Warner Bros.'] | The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. With a budget of just $3 million, the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run. Paramount distributed the film until 1977, and beginning in the 1980s, Warner Bros. assumed control of the rights for home entertainment purposes. The film then made an additional $21 million during its re-release by Warner Bros. under its Family Entertainment banner in 1996. The film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales.[6] In 1972, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof. The film also introduced the song "The Candy Man", which went on to become a popular hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". |
[question]: What was the budget for the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory?
[answer]: The budget for the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory was $3 million. | What was the budget for the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory? | The budget for the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory was $3 million. | 1 | 7.327894 | 14 | 218 | 1 |
14,414 | -8,148,964,851,954,482,000 | French and Indian War | French and Indian War - wikipedia French and Indian War This article is about the conflict from 1754 to 1763 . For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763 , see French and Indian Wars . French and Indian War Part of the Seven Years ' War The war theater Date 1754 -- 1763 Location North America Result British victory Treaty of Paris Territorial changes France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain , retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon , and transfers Louisiana to Spain Belligerents Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba Cherokee ( before 1758 ) France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Mi'kmaq militia Algonquin Lenape Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Wyandot Commanders and leaders Jeffery Amherst Edward Braddock † James Wolfe † Earl of Loudoun James Abercrombie Edward Boscawen George Washington John Forbes George Monro Louis - Joseph de Montcalm † Marquis de Vaudreuil Baron Dieskau ( POW ) François - Marie de Lignery † Chevalier de Lévis ( POW ) Joseph de Jumonville † Marquis Duquesne Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu † Strength 42,000 regulars and militia ( peak strength , 1758 ) 10,000 regulars ( troupes de la terre and troupes de la marine , peak strength , 1757 ) Casualties and losses 1,512 killed in action 1,500 died of wounds 10,400 died of disease ? Seven Years ' War in North America : The French and Indian War , St. Lawrence and Mohawk theater Lake George Fort Bull Fort Oswego 1st Snowshoes Sabbath Day Point Fort William Henry German Flatts 2nd Snowshoes Fort Carillon Fort Frontenac La Belle - Famille Fort Niagara Fort Ticonderoga Beauport Quebec St. Francis Sainte - Foy Neuville Thousand Islands Seven Years ' War in North America : The French and Indian War , Ohio Valley Theater Jumonville Glen Fort Necessity Braddock Expedition Monongahela The Trough Sideling Hill Great Cacapon Kittanning Forbes Expedition Fort Duquesne Fort Ligonier Seven Years ' War in North America : The French and Indian War , Atlantic theater 1st Northeast Coast Cape Race Chignecto Bay of Fundy Petitcodiac 2nd Northeast Coast 1st Lunenburg 1st Louisbourg Bloody Creek 2nd Lunenburg 2nd Louisbourg Petitcodiac River Ile Saint - Jean Gulf of St. Lawrence Cape Sable St. John River Restigouche St. John 's Theatres of the Seven Years ' War Silesia Pomerania Portugal North America West Indies West Africa India Anglo - Spanish Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul The French and Indian War ( 1754 -- 63 ) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France , each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies . At the start of the war , the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers , compared with 2 million in the British colonies . The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians . The European nations declared a wider war upon one another overseas in 1756 , two years into the French and Indian war , and some view the French and Indian War as being merely the American theater of the worldwide Seven Years ' War of 1756 -- 63 ; however , the French and Indian War is viewed in America as a singular conflict which was not associated with any European war . The name French and Indian War is used mainly in the United States , referring to the two enemies of the British colonists , while European historians use the term the Seven Years ' War , as do English - speaking Canadians . French Canadians call it Guerre de la Conquête ( the War of the Conquest ) or ( rarely ) the Fourth Intercolonial War . The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois , Catawba , and Cherokee , and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy members Abenaki and Mi'kmaq , and Algonquin , Lenape , Ojibwa , Ottawa , Shawnee , and Wyandot . Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies , from Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north . It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River called the Forks of the Ohio , and the site of the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754 , during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22 year - old George Washington ambushed a French patrol . In 1755 , six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock , the newly arrived British Army commander , and planned a four - way attack on the French . None succeeded , and the main effort by Braddock proved a disaster ; he lost the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9 , 1755 and died a few days later . British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755 -- 57 due to a combination of poor management , internal divisions , effective Canadian scouts , French regular forces , and Indian warrior allies . In 1755 , the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia , and they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians ( 1755 -- 64 ) soon afterwards . Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley , Commander - in - Chief , North America , without direction from Great Britain . The Acadians were expelled , both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to His Britannic Majesty . Indians likewise were driven off the land to make way for settlers from New England . The British colonial government fell in the region of Nova Scotia after several disastrous campaigns in 1757 , including a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry ; this last was followed by Indians torturing and massacring their British victims . William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France , preferring to concentrate their forces against Prussia and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years ' War in Europe . Between 1758 and 1760 , the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada ( part of New France ) . They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately the city of Quebec ( 1759 ) . The British later lost the Battle of Sainte - Foy west of Quebec ( 1760 ) , but the French ceded Canada in accordance with the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ) . France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain . It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( including New Orleans ) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain 's loss to Britain of Spanish Florida . ( Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana , Cuba . ) France 's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , confirming Great Britain 's position as the dominant colonial power in America . Contents 1 Naming 2 America in the 1750s 3 Events leading to war 3.1 Céloron 's expedition 3.2 Negotiations 3.3 Attack on Pickawillany 3.4 French fort construction 3.5 Virginia 's response 4 Course of the war 4.1 Battle of Jumonville Glen 4.2 Albany Congress 4.3 British campaigns , 1755 4.4 French victories , 1756 -- 1757 4.5 British conquest , 1758 -- 1760 4.5. 1 1758 4.5. 2 1759 -- 1760 4.6 End of the war 5 Consequences 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 Further reading 9 External links Naming In British America , wars were often named after the sitting British monarch , such as King William 's War or Queen Anne 's War . There had already been a King George 's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II , so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents , and it became known as the French and Indian War . This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States , although Indians fought on both sides of the conflict . It also led into the Seven Years ' War overseas , a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies ; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years ' War overseas , but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts -- only one of which involved the American colonies , and American historians generally use the traditional name . Less frequently used names for the war include the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire . In Europe , the French and Indian War is conflated into the Seven Years ' War and not given a separate name . `` Seven Years '' refers to events in Europe , from the official declaration of war in 1756 -- two years after the French and Indian War had started -- to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763 . The French and Indian War in America , by contrast , was largely concluded in six years from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760 . Canadians conflate both the European and American conflicts into the Seven Years ' War ( Guerre de Sept Ans ) . French Canadians also use the term `` War of Conquest '' ( Guerre de la Conquête ) , since it is the war in which Canada was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire . In Quebec , this term was promoted by popular historians Jacques Lacoursière and Denis Vaugeois , who borrowed from the ideas of Maurice Séguin in considering this war as a dramatic tipping point of French Canadian identity and nationhood . America in the 1750s Map showing the 1750 possessions of Britain ( pink ) , France ( blue ) , and Spain ( green ) in America At this time , America east of the Mississippi River was largely claimed by either Great Britain or France . Large areas had no colonial settlements . The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley , with some also in Acadia ( present - day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia ) , including Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ) . Fewer lived in New Orleans , Biloxi , Mississippi , Mobile , Alabama , and small settlements in the Illinois Country , hugging the east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries . French fur traders and trappers traveled throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds , did business with local Indian tribes , and often married Indian women . Traders married daughters of chiefs , creating high - ranking unions . British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the eastern coast of the continent from Nova Scotia and the Colony of Newfoundland in the north to the Province of Georgia in the south . Many of the older colonies had land claims that extended arbitrarily far to the west , as the extent of the continent was unknown at the time when their provincial charters were granted . Their population centers were along the coast , yet the settlements were growing into the interior . Nova Scotia had been captured from France in 1713 , and it still had a significant French - speaking population . Britain also claimed Rupert 's Land where the Hudson 's Bay Company traded for furs with local Indian tribes . Iroquois engaging in trade with colonists , 1722 In between the French and British colonists , large areas were dominated by Indian tribes . To the north , the Mi'kmaqs and the Abenakis were engaged in Father Le Loutre 's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia , Acadia , and the eastern portions of the province of Canada , as well as much of Maine . The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of upstate New York and the Ohio Country , although Ohio also included Algonquian - speaking populations of Delaware and Shawnee , as well as Iroquoian - speaking Mingos . These tribes were formally under Iroquois rule and were limited by them in their authority to make agreements . The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan - speaking Catawbas , Muskogee - speaking Creeks and Choctaw , and the Iroquoian - speaking Cherokee tribes . When war broke out , the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region , which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British ; these included the Hurons , Mississaugs , Ojibwas , Winnebagos , and Potawatomi . The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations and also by the Cherokees , until differences sparked the Anglo - Cherokee War in 1758 . In 1758 , the Province of Pennsylvania successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations . Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French , their primary trading partner and supplier of arms . The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict . New York and Pennsylvania theaters of the war , image from 1905 By this time , Spain claimed only the province of Florida in eastern America ; it controlled Cuba and other territories in the West Indies that became military objectives in the Seven Years ' War . Florida 's European population was a few hundred , concentrated in St. Augustine and Pensacola . At the start of the war , no French regular army troops were stationed in America , and few British troops . New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine , companies of colonial regulars ( some of whom had significant woodland combat experience ) . The colonial government recruited militia support when needed . Most of the British colonies mustered local militia companies to deal with Indian threats , generally ill trained and available only for short periods , but they did not have any standing forces . Virginia , by contrast , had a large frontier with several companies of British regulars . The colonial governments were used to operating independently of one another and of the government in London , a situation that complicated negotiations with Indian tribes , whose territories often encompassed land claimed by multiple colonies . After the war began , the leaders of the British Army establishment tried to impose constraints and demands on the colonial administrations . Events leading to War Céloron 's expedition New France 's Governor - General Roland - Michel Barrin de La Galissonière was concerned about the incursion and expanding influence in the Ohio Country of British colonial traders such as George Croghan . In June 1747 , he ordered Pierre - Joseph Céloron to lead a military expedition through the area . Its objectives were : to reaffirm to New France 's Indian allies that their trading arrangements with colonists were exclusive to those authorized by New France to confirm Indian assistance in asserting and maintaining the French claim to the territories which French explorers had claimed to discourage any alliances between Britain and local Indian tribes to impress the Indians with a French show of force against British colonial settler incursion , unauthorized trading expeditions , and general trespass against French claims Céloron 's expedition force consisted of about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians , and they covered about 3,000 miles ( 4,800 km ) between June and November 1749 . They went up the St. Lawrence , continued along the northern shore of Lake Ontario , crossed the portage at Niagara , and followed the southern shore of Lake Erie . At the Chautauqua Portage near Barcelona , New York , the expedition moved inland to the Allegheny River , which it followed to the site of Pittsburgh . There Céloron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country . Whenever he encountered British colonial merchants or fur - traders , he informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave . Céloron 's expedition arrived at Logstown where the Indians in the area informed him that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British colonists regardless of the French . He continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers , which lay just south of the village of Pickawillany , the home of the Miami chief known as `` Old Briton '' . Céloron threatened Old Briton with severe consequences if he continued to trade with British colonists , but Old Briton ignored the warning . Céloron returned disappointedly to Montreal in November 1749 . Céloron wrote an extensively detailed report . `` All I can say is that the Natives of these localities are very badly disposed towards the French , '' he wrote , `` and are entirely devoted to the English . I do n't know in what way they could be brought back . '' Even before his return to Montreal , reports on the situation in the Ohio Country were making their way to London and Paris , each side proposing that action be taken . Massachusetts governor William Shirley was particularly forceful , stating that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present . Negotiations In 1749 , the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country . The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory and construct a fort for their protection . But the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania , and both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims . In 1750 , Christopher Gist explored the Ohio territory , acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company , and he opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown . He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians agreed to terms through their `` Half - King '' Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative . These terms included permission to build a strong house at the mouth of the Monongahela River on the modern site of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . By the late 17th century , the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley , and they laid claim to it as their hunting ground by right of conquest . The War of the Austrian Succession ( better known as King George 's War ) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix - la - Chapelle , which was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe . The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies were turned over to a commission , but it reached no decision . Frontier areas were claimed by both sides , from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north to the Ohio Country in the south . The disputes also extended into the Atlantic Ocean , where both powers wanted access to the rich fisheries of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland . Attack on Pickawillany Main article : Raid on Pickawillany Governor - General of New France Marquis de la Jonquière died on March 17 , 1752 , and he was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil . His permanent replacement was to be the Marquis Duquesne , but he did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post . The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of Charles Michel de Langlade , an officer in the Troupes de la Marine . Langlade was given 300 men , including French - Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa tribe . His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron 's orders to cease trading with the British . On June 21 , the French war party attacked the trading centre at Pickawillany , capturing three traders and killing 14 Miami Indians , including Old Briton . He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some Indians in the expedition party . French Fort construction This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In the spring of 1753 , Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000 - man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians . His orders were to protect the King 's land in the Ohio Valley from the British . Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier . Céloron , however , had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates , whereas Marin constructed and garrisoned forts . He first constructed Fort Presque Isle on Lake Erie 's south shore near Erie , Pennsylvania , and he had a road built to the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek . He then constructed a second fort at Fort Le Boeuf in Waterford , Pennsylvania , designed to guard the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek . As he moved south , he drove off or captured British traders , alarming both the British and the Iroquois . Tanaghrisson was a chief of the Mingo Indians , who were remnants of Iroquois and other tribes who had been driven west by colonial expansion . He intensely disliked the French whom he accused of killing and eating his father . He traveled to Fort Le Boeuf and threatened the French with military action , which Marin contemptuously dismissed . The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York , who was the British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond . Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey , meaning `` he who does great things . '' He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area , and he was made a colonel of the Iroquois in 1746 ; he was later commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia . The Indian representatives and Johnson met with Governor Clinton and officials from some of the other American colonies at Albany , New York . Mohawk Chief Hendrick was the speaker of their tribal council , and he insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion . Clinton did not respond to his satisfaction , and Hendrick said that the `` Covenant Chain '' was broken , a long - standing friendly relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British Crown . Virginia 's response Robert Dinwiddie , British lieutenant governor of Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia was an investor in the Ohio Company , which stood to lose money if the French held their claim . He ordered 21 year - old Major George Washington ( whose brother was another Ohio Company investor ) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory in October 1753 . Washington left with a small party , picking up Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter , Christopher Gist ( a company surveyor working in the area ) , and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson . On December 12 , Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf . Jacques Legardeur de Saint - Pierre succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29 , and he invited Washington to dine with him . Over dinner , Washington presented Saint - Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country . Saint - Pierre said , `` As to the Summons you send me to retire , I do not think myself obliged to obey it . '' He told Washington that France 's claim to the region was superior to that of the British , since René - Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier . Washington 's party left Fort Le Boeuf early on December 16 and arrived in Williamsburg on January 16 , 1754 . He stated in his report , `` The French had swept south '' , detailing the steps which they had taken to fortify the area , and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers . Course of the War Washington 's map of the Ohio River and surrounding region containing notes on French intentions , 1753 or 1754 Even before Washington returned , Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point where they began construction of a small stockaded fort in the early months of 1754 . Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude - Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint - Pierre during the same period , and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5 , 1754 . These forces arrived at the fort on April 16 , but Contrecœur generously allowed Trent 's small company to withdraw . He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne . Battle of Jumonville Glen Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work , and Washington learned of Trent 's retreat while he was en route . Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British , so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him . He then learned of a French scouting party in the area , so he combined Tanaghrisson 's force with his own and surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen . They killed many of the Canadians , including their commanding officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville , whose head was reportedly split open by Tanaghrisson with a tomahawk . Historian Fred Anderson suggests that Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and to regain authority over his own people . They had been inclined to support the French , with whom they had long trading relationships . One of Tanaghrisson 's men told Contrecoeur that Jumonville had been killed by British musket fire . Historians generally consider the Battle of Jumonville Glen as the opening battle of the French and Indian War in North America , and the start of hostilities in the Ohio valley . An engraving depicting the evening council of George Washington at Fort Necessity Following the battle , Washington pulled back several miles and established Fort Necessity , which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jummonville 's brother at the Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3 . Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms . One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by Shawnee , Delaware , and Mingo warriors -- just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence . The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel 's uniform of the Virginia Regiment . This portrait was painted in 1772 by Charles Willson Peale . News of the two battles reached England in August . After several months of negotiations , the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge the French . They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition . Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock 's departure for North America . In response , King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755 . The British sent out their fleet in February 1755 , intending to blockade French ports , but the French fleet had already sailed . Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them . In a second British action , Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on June 8 , 1755 , capturing her and two troop ships . The British harassed French shipping throughout 1755 , seizing ships and capturing seamen . These actions contributed to the eventual formal declarations of war in spring 1756 . Albany congress An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July , 1754 . The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians , since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the war that was unfolding . The plan that the delegates agreed to was neither ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown . Nevertheless , the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence . British campaigns , 1755 Locations of British campaigns 1755 ( and other sites ) The British formed an aggressive plan of operations for 1755 . General Braddock was to lead the expedition to Fort Duquesne , while Massachusetts governor William Shirley was given the task of fortifying Fort Oswego and attacking Fort Niagara . Sir William Johnson was to capture Fort St. Frédéric at Crown Point , New York , and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Monckton was to capture Fort Beauséjour to the east on the frontier between Nova Scotia and Acadia . Braddock led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on the Braddock expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne , with George Washington as one of his aides . The expedition was a disaster . It was attacked by French soldiers and Indian warriors ambushing them from hiding places up in trees and behind logs , and Braddock called for a retreat . He was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured . The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia , led by Washington . Washington and Thomas Gage played key roles in organizing the retreat -- two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War . The government initiated a plan to increase their military capability in preparation for war following news of Braddock 's defeat and the start of parliament 's session in November 1755 . Among the early legislative measures were the Recruiting Act 1756 , the Commissions to Foreign Protestants Act 1756 for the Royal American Regiment , the Navigation Act 1756 , and the Continuance of Acts 1756 . England passed the Naval Prize Act 1756 following the proclamation of war on May 17 to allow the capture of ships and establish privateering . The French acquired a copy of the British war plans , including the activities of Shirley and Johnson . Shirley 's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties , exacerbated by his inexperience in managing large expeditions . In conjunction , he was made aware that the French were massing for an attack on Fort Oswego in his absence when he planned to attack Fort Niagara . As a response , he left garrisons at Oswego , Fort Bull , and Fort Williams , the last two located on the Oneida Carry between the Mohawk River and Wood Creek at Rome , New York . Supplies were cached at Fort Bull for use in the projected attack on Niagara . William Johnson saving Baron Deskiau Johnson 's expedition was better organized than Shirley 's , which was noticed by New France 's governor the Marquis de Vaudreuil . He had been concerned about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio , and he had sent Baron Dieskau to lead the defenses at Frontenac against Shirley 's expected attack . Vaudreuil saw Johnson as the larger threat and sent Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric to meet that threat . Dieskau planned to attack the British encampment at Fort Edward at the upper end of navigation on the Hudson River , but Johnson had strongly fortified it , and Dieskau 's Indian support was reluctant to attack . The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry . The battle ended inconclusively , with both sides withdrawing from the field . Johnson 's advance stopped at Fort William Henry , and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point , where they began the construction of Fort Carillon ( later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after the British captured it in 1759 ) . Colonel Monckton captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755 in the sole British success that year , cutting off the French Fortress Louisbourg from land - based reinforcements . To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg , Nova Scotia 's Governor Charles Lawrence ordered the deportation of the French - speaking Acadian population from the area . Monckton 's forces , including companies of Rogers ' Rangers , forcibly removed thousands of Acadians , chasing down many who resisted and sometimes committing atrocities . Cutting off supplies to Louisbourg led to its demise . The Acadian resistance was sometimes quite stiff , in concert with Indian allies including the Mi'kmaq , with ongoing frontier raids against Dartmouth and Lunenburg , among others . The only clashes of any size were at Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757 , other than the campaigns to expel the Acadians ranging around the Bay of Fundy , on the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers , and Île Saint - Jean . French victories , 1756 -- 1757 See also : Franco - Indian alliance Conference between the French and Indian leaders around a ceremonial fire , by Émile Louis Vernier Following the death of Braddock , William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America , and he laid out his plans for 1756 at a meeting in Albany in December 1755 . He proposed renewing the efforts to capture Niagara , Crown Point , and Duquesne , with attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec . His plan , however , got bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others , including William Johnson and New York 's Governor Sir Charles Hardy , and consequently gained little support . Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun , with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command . Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America . French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756 , led by Major General Louis - Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François - Charles de Bourlamaque , all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession . On May 18 , 1756 , England formally declared war on France , which expanded the war into Europe and came to be known as the Seven Years ' War . General Louis - Joseph de Montcalm Governor Vaudreuil had ambitions to become the French commander in chief , in addition to his role as governor , and he acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived . Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain , so he ordered an attack against the forts which Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry . In the Battle of Fort Bull , French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies , including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder . They set back any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario and endangered the Oswego garrison , already short on supplies . French forces in the Ohio valley also continued to intrigue with Indians throughout the area , encouraging them to raid frontier settlements . This led to ongoing alarms along the western frontiers , with streams of refugees returning east to get away from the action . The new British command was not in place until July . Abercrombie arrived in Albany but refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them , and Montcalm took bold action against his inertia . He built on Vaudreuil 's work harassing the Oswego garrison and executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga , as if to presage another attack along Lake George . With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany , Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August . In the aftermath , Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners ' personal effects . The Europeans did not consider them prizes and prevented the Indians from stripping the prisoners of their valuables , which angered the Indians . Montcalm trying to stop allied Indians from the massacre of colonial soldiers and civilians as they leave after the Battle of Fort William Henry . Loudoun was a capable administrator but a cautious field commander , and he planned one major operation for 1757 : an attack on New France 's capital of Quebec . He left a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm and began organizing for the expedition to Quebec . He was then ordered to attack Louisbourg first by William Pitt , the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies . The expedition was beset by delays of all kinds but was finally ready to sail from Halifax , Nova Scotia in early August . In the meantime , French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast , and a fleet awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg which outnumbered the British fleet . Faced with this strength , Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry . French irregular forces ( Canadian scouts and Indians ) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757 . In January , they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga . In February , they launched a raid against the position across the frozen Lake George , destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification . In early August , Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort , which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole . When the withdrawal began , some of Montcalm 's Indian allies attacked the British column because they were angry about the lost opportunity for loot , killing and capturing several hundred men , women , children , and slaves . The aftermath of the siege may have contributed to the transmission of smallpox into remote Indian populations , as some Indians were reported to have traveled from beyond the Mississippi to participate in the campaign and returned afterward . Modern writer William Nester believes that the Indians might have been exposed to European carriers , although no proof exists . British Conquest , 1758 -- 1760 See also : Great Britain in the Seven Years ' War § Conquest of Canada ( 1758 -- 60 ) The Victory of Montcalm 's Troops at Carillon by Henry Alexander Ogden Vaudreuil and Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758 , as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping . The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757 , a difficult winter , and the allegedly corrupt machinations of François Bigot , the intendant of the territory . His schemes to supply the colony inflated prices and were believed by Montcalm to line his pockets and those of his associates . A massive outbreak of smallpox among western Indian tribes led many of them to stay away from trading in 1758 . The disease probably spread through the crowded conditions at William Henry after the battle ; yet the Indians blamed the French for bringing `` bad medicine '' as well as denying them prizes at Fort William Henry . Montcalm focused his meager resources on the defense of the St. Lawrence , with primary defenses at Carillon , Quebec , and Louisbourg , while Vaudreuil argued unsuccessfully for a continuation of the raiding tactics that had worked quite effectively in previous years . The British failures in North America combined with other failures in the European theater and led to Newcastle 's fall from power along with the Duke of Cumberland , his principal military advisor . Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt dominated the military planning . He embarked on a plan for the 1758 campaign that was largely developed by Loudoun . He had been replaced by Abercrombie as commander in chief after the failures of 1757 . Pitt 's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops supported by the provincial militias , aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France . Two of the expeditions were successful , with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces . 1758 Indians ambush British soldiers The Forbes Expedition was a British campaign in September -- October 1758 , with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country . The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley . The great French fortress at Louisbourg in Nova Scotia was captured after a siege . The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon , in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie 's force of 18,000 regulars , militia , and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga . Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac , including caches of supplies destined for New France 's western forts and furs destined for Europe . Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst , victor at Louisbourg . Battle of Quebec , 13 September 1759 , painted by Captain Hervey Smyth The French had generally poor results in 1758 in most theaters of the war . The new foreign minister was the duc de Choiseul , and he decided to focus on an invasion of Britain to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland . The invasion failed both militarily and politically , as Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France and sent funds to Britain 's mainland ally of Prussia , while the French Navy failed in the 1759 naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay . In one piece of good fortune , some French supply ships did manage to depart France and elude the British blockade of the French coast . 1759 -- 1760 See also : Conquest of 1760 British General Jeffery Amherst British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 : the British captured Ticonderoga , James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders , and a British victory at Fort Niagara cut off the French frontier forts to the west and south . The victory was made complete in 1760 ; the British did suffer a defeat outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte - Foy , but they prevented the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche while armies marched on Montreal from three sides . Governor Vaudreuil in Montreal negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst in September 1760 . Amherst granted his requests that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition , to own property , and to remain undisturbed in their homes . The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers , and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war . End of the War The descent of the French on St. John 's , Newfoundland , 1762 Most of the fighting ended in continental North America in 1760 , although it continued in Europe between France and Britain . The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John 's , Newfoundland . General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his nephew William Amherst , who regained control of Newfoundland after the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762 . Many troops from North America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies , including the capture of Spanish Havana when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France , and a British expedition against French Martinique in 1762 led by Major General Robert Monckton . General Amherst also oversaw the transition of French forts to British control in the western lands . The policies which he introduced in those lands disturbed large numbers of Indians and contributed to Pontiac 's Rebellion in 1763 . This series of attacks on frontier forts and settlements required the continued deployment of British troops , and it was not resolved until 1766 . Distribution of British military forces in 1766 The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763 , and war in the European theater was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763 . The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique , which had been occupied by the British . France chose to cede the former but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence , along with fishing rights in the area . They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands ' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent . French philosopher Voltaire referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than a few acres of snow . The British , however , were happy to take New France , as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue ; they also had ample places from which to obtain sugar . Spain traded Florida to Britain in order to regain Cuba , but they also gained Louisiana from France , including New Orleans , in compensation for their losses . Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations . Consequences The war changed economic , political , governmental , and social relations among the three European powers , their colonies , and the people who inhabited those territories . France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war , with significant long - term consequences . Map showing British territorial gains following the Treaty of Paris in pink , and Spanish territorial gains after the Treaty of Fontainebleau in yellow Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia , colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French - speaking Roman Catholic residents . The deportation of Acadians beginning in 1755 made land available to immigrants from Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south . The British resettled many Acadians throughout its North American provinces , but many went to France , and some went to New Orleans , which they had expected to remain French . Some were sent to colonize places as diverse as French Guiana and the Falkland Islands , but these efforts were unsuccessful . Others migrated to places such as Saint - Domingue or fled to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution . The Louisiana population contributed to the founding of the modern Cajun population . ( The French word `` Acadien '' changed to `` Cadien '' then to `` Cajun '' . ) Following the treaty , King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on October 7 , 1763 which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory , and it continues to govern relations to some extent between the government of modern Canada and the First Nations . Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population , a demarcation that was only a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward - bound settlers . The proclamation also contained provisions that prevented civic participation by the Roman Catholic Canadians . The Quebec Act addressed this and other issues in 1774 , raising concerns in the largely Protestant Thirteen Colonies over the advance of `` popery . '' The Act maintained French Civil law , including the seigneurial system , a medieval code removed from France within a generation by the French Revolution . The deportation order is read to a group of Acadians in 1755 The Seven Years ' War nearly doubled Great Britain 's national debt . The Crown sought sources of revenue to pay it off and attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies . These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance , until troops were called in to enforce the Crown 's authority . These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War . France attached comparatively little value to its North American possessions , apart from the highly profitable sugar - producing Antilles islands which it retained . Minister Choiseul considered that he had made a good deal at the Treaty of Paris , and Voltaire wrote that Louis XV had lost `` a few acres of snow '' . For France , however , the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789 . For some of the Indian tribes , the elimination of French power in North America meant the disappearance of a strong ally , although other tribes were not so affected . The Ohio Country was now more available to colonial settlement , due to the construction of military roads by Braddock and Forbes . The Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory was not completed until 1769 , and it had modest repercussions . The British takeover of Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of Indian tribes who did not want to do business with them . This migration also caused a rise in tensions between the Choctaw and the Creek , historic enemies who were now competing for land . The change of control in Florida also prompted most of its Spanish Catholic population to leave . Most went to Cuba , including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine , although some Christianized Yamasee were resettled to the coast of Mexico . France returned to North America in 1778 with the establishment of a Franco - American alliance against Great Britain in the American War of Independence . This time , France succeeded in prevailing over Great Britain in what historian Alfred A. Cave describes as `` French ... revenge for Montcalm 's death '' . See also History of Canada portal New France portal French and Indian Wars ( article includes King William 's War , Queen Anne 's War , King George 's War , and this war . ) Military history of Nova Scotia Northwest Indian War Franco - Indian alliance Great Britain in the Seven Years ' War New Hampshire Provincial Regiment American Indian Wars Footnotes Jump up ^ Brumwell , pp. 26 -- 31 , documents the starting sizes of the expeditions against Louisbourg , Carillon , Duquesne , and West Indies . Jump up ^ Brumwell , pp. 24 -- 25 . Jump up ^ Clodfelter , M. ( 2017 ) . Warfare and Armed Conflicts : A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures , 1492 - 2015 ( 4th ed . ) . Jefferson , North Carolina : McFarland . ISBN 978 - 0786474707 . Page 122 . Jump up ^ Gary Walton ; History of the American Economy ; page 27 Jump up ^ M. Brook Taylor , Canadian History : a Reader 's Guide : Volume 1 : Beginnings to Confederation ( 1994 ) pp 39 -- 48 , 72 -- 74 Jump up ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia Archived August 6 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` The Siege of Quebec : An episode of the Seven Years ' War '' , Canadian National Battlefields Commission , Plains of Abraham website Jump up ^ Eccles , France in America , p. 185 ^ Jump up to : Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 747 . Jump up ^ Jennings , p. xv . Jump up ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia : Seven Years ' War Archived August 6 , 2011 , at the Wayback Machine ... Jump up ^ ( in French ) L'Encyclopédie canadienne : Guerre de Sept Ans . Jump up ^ Brian Young ( 2012 ) . `` Below the Academic Radar : Denis Vaugeois and Constructing the Conquest in the Quebec Popular Imagination '' . In John G. Reid . Remembering 1759 : The Conquest of Canada in Historical Memory . University of Toronto Press . pp. 233 -- . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4426 - 9924 - 3 . Jump up ^ Powell , John ( 2005 ) . Encyclopedia of North American immigration . New York : Facts on File . p. 204 . ISBN 0816046581 . Jump up ^ John Wade , `` British History Chronologically Arranged , 2 : Comprehending a Chamfied Analysis of Events and Occurencis in Church and State ... from the First Invasions by the Romans to A.d. 1847 '' , p. 46 ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Cogliano , Francis D. ( 2008 ) . Revolutionary America , 1763 -- 1815 : A Political History . London : Routledge . p. 32 . ISBN 9780415964869 . Jump up ^ Jennings , pp. 9 , 176 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 23 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 8 ^ Jump up to : Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 26 . ^ Jump up to : Fowler , p. 14 . ^ Jump up to : `` Park Spotlight : Lake Loramie '' , Ohio State Parks Magazine , Spring 2006 Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 15 . Jump up ^ Alfred P. James , The Ohio Company : Its Inner History ( 1959 ) pp. 26 -- 40 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 15 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 18 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 28 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 27 Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 31 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , p. 48 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 42 -- 43 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 43 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 63 Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 35 . Jump up ^ Ellis , His Excellency George Washington , p. 5 . Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 36 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , pp. 37 -- 38 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , p. 41 Jump up ^ O'Meara , pp. 43 -- 45 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 65 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 50 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 51 -- 59 . Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 59 -- 65 . Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 52 . Jump up ^ Lengel p. 52 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , p. 113 . Jump up ^ Fowler , pp. 74 -- 75 . ^ Jump up to : Fowler , p. 98 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Battle of the Monongahela '' . World Digital Library . 1755 . Retrieved 2013 - 08 - 03 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , pp. 110 -- 111 . Jump up ^ O'Meara , p. 163 . Jump up ^ An act for the speedy and effectual recruiting of his Majesty 's land forces and marines. , p. 318 Jump up ^ An act to enable his Majesty to grant commissions to a certain number of foreign Protestants who have served abroad as officers , or engineers , to act and rank as officers , or engineers , in America only , under certain restrictions and qualifications. `` , p. 331 Jump up ^ An act for the better supply of mariners and seamen to serve in his Majesty 's ships of war , and on board merchant ships , and other trading ships and vessels. , p. 370 Jump up ^ An act for extending ( the Navy Act 1748 , 22 Geo. 2 c. 33 ) ( for amending , explaining , and reducing into one act of parliament the laws relating to the government of his Majesty 's ships , vessels and forces by sea ) to such officers , seamen , and others , as shall serve on board his Majesty 's ships or vessels employed upon the lakes , great waters , or rivers , in North America. , p. 457 Jump up ^ An act for the encouragement of seamen , and the more effectual manning of his Majesty 's navy . p. 481 Jump up ^ Patterson , Stephen E. ( 1994 ) . `` 1744 -- 1763 : Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples '' . In Buckner , Phillip ; Reid , John . The Atlantic Region to Confederation : A History . Toronto : University of Toronto Press . p. 152 . ISBN 0802005535 . Jump up ^ Nester , pp. 53 -- 61 Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 138 . Jump up ^ Fowler , p. 139 . Jump up ^ Anderson , Fred ( 2000 ) . Crucible of War : The Seven Years ' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America , 1754 -- 1766 . New York : Alfred A. Knopf . pp. 267 -- 285 . ISBN 0375406425 . Jump up ^ William , Wood , The Great Fortress : A Chronicle of Louisbourg 1720 -- 1760 ( ( http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6026 online from Project Gutenberg ) Jump up ^ `` Treaty of Paris February 10 , 1763 '' . FrenchandIndianWar.info . Retrieved January 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 498 Jump up ^ Cave , p. 21 Jump up ^ Jennings , p. 439 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 617 -- 632 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 505 -- 506 Jump up ^ Calloway , pp. 161 -- 164 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 565 -- 566 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , pp. 636 -- 637 Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 568 Jump up ^ Anderson , Fred . `` The Real First World War and the Making of America Archived 2010 - 01 - 31 at the Wayback Machine . '' American Heritage , November / December 2005 . Jump up ^ Cave , p. 52 ^ Jump up to : Cave , p. xii Jump up ^ Anderson ( 2000 ) , p. 525 Jump up ^ Calloway , pp. 133 -- 138 Jump up ^ Calloway , pp. 152 -- 156 Jump up ^ Cave , p. 82 Further reading Library resources about French and Indian War Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Anderson , Fred ( 2000 ) . Crucible of War : The Seven Years ' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America , 1754 -- 1766 . New York : Knopf . ISBN 0 - 375 - 40642 - 5 . Anderson , Fred ( 2005 ) . The War that Made America : A Short History of the French and Indian War . New York : Viking . ISBN 0 - 670 - 03454 - 1 . Archived from the original on 2013 - 06 - 06 . -- Released in conjunction with the 2006 PBS miniseries The War that Made America . Brumwell , Stephen ( 2006 ) . Redcoats : The British Soldier and War in the Americas , 1755 -- 1763 . Cambridge University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 67538 - 3 . Calloway , Colin G ( 2006 ) . The Scratch of a Pen : 1763 and the Transformation of North America . Oxford University Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 19 - 530071 - 0 . Cave , Alfred A. ( 2004 ) . The French and Indian War . Westport , Connecticut - London : Greenwood Press . ISBN 0 - 313 - 32168 - X . Eckert , Allan W. Wilderness Empire . Bantam Books , 1994 , originally published 1969 . ISBN 0 - 553 - 26488 - 5 . Second volume in a series of historical narratives , with emphasis on Sir William Johnson . Academic historians often regard Eckert 's books , which are written in the style of novels , to be unreliable , as they contain things like dialogue that is clearly fictional . Ellis , Joseph J. ( 2004 ) . His Excellency George Washington . New York : Vintage Books . ISBN 1 - 4000 - 3253 - 9 . Fowler , William M. ( 2005 ) . Empires at War : The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America , 1754 - 1763 . New York : Walker . ISBN 0 - 8027 - 1411 - 0 . Gipson , Lawrence H. The Great War for the Empire : The Years of Defeat , 1754 -- 1757 ( 1948 ) ; The Great War for the Empire : The Victorious Years , 1758 -- 1760 ( 1950 ) highly detailed narrative of the British war in North America and Europe . Jennings , Francis ( 1988 ) . Empire of Fortune : Crowns , Colonies , and Tribes in the Seven Years ' War in America . New York : Norton . ISBN 0 - 393 - 30640 - 2 . Murrin , John M. `` The French and Indian War , the American Revolution , and the Counterfactual Hypothesis : Reflections on Lawrence Henry Gipson and John Shy . '' Reviews in American History 1 # 3 ( 1973 ) : 307 -- 318 . in JSTOR Nester , William R ( 2000 ) . The first global war : Britain , France , and the fate of North America , 1756 -- 1775 . Westport , CT : Praeger . ISBN 978 - 0 - 275 - 96771 - 0 . OCLC 41468552 . Nester , William R . The French and Indian War and the Conquest of New France ( 2015 ) . excerpt O'Meara , Walter ( 1965 ) . Guns at the Forks . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8229 - 5309 - 8 . Parkman , Francis . Montcalm and Wolfe : The French and Indian War . Originally published 1884 . New York : Da Capo , 1984 . ISBN 0 - 306 - 81077 - 8 . West , Doug ( 2016 ) French and Indian War -- A Short History 30 Minute Book Series `` Virtual Vault '' . Library and Archives Canada . 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About Wikipedia | what territory did great britain gain after the french and indian war | ["French and Indian WarPart of the Seven Years' WarThe war theaterDate1754–1763LocationNorth AmericaResult\nBritish victory\n\nTreaty of ParisTerritorialchanges\nFrance cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to SpainBelligerents\n\n Great Britain\n British America\nIroquois Confederacy\nCatawba\nCherokee (before 1758)\n\n\n France\n New France\nWabanaki Confederacy\nAbenaki\nMi'kmaq militia\nAlgonquin\nLenape\nOjibwa\nOttawa\nShawnee\nWyandot\nCommanders and leaders\n\nJeffery Amherst\nEdward Braddock †\nJames Wolfe †\nEarl of Loudoun\nJames Abercrombie\nEdward Boscawen\nGeorge Washington\nJohn Forbes\nGeorge Monro\n\n\nLouis-Joseph de Montcalm †\nMarquis de Vaudreuil\nBaron Dieskau (POW)\nFrançois-Marie de Lignery †\nChevalier de Lévis (POW)\nJoseph de Jumonville †\nMarquis Duquesne\nDaniel Lienard de Beaujeu †\nStrength\n42,000 regulars and militia (peak strength, 1758)[1]\n10,000 regulars (troupes de la terre and troupes de la marine, peak strength, 1757)[2]Casualties and losses\n\n1,512 killed in action\n1,500 died of wounds\n10,400 died of disease[3]\n\n?"] | ['New France east of the Mississippi River'] | French and Indian WarPart of the Seven Years' WarThe war theaterDate1754–1763LocationNorth AmericaResult
British victory
Treaty of ParisTerritorialchanges
France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to SpainBelligerents
Great Britain
British America
Iroquois Confederacy
Catawba
Cherokee (before 1758)
France
New France
Wabanaki Confederacy
Abenaki
Mi'kmaq militia
Algonquin
Lenape
Ojibwa
Ottawa
Shawnee
Wyandot
Commanders and leaders
Jeffery Amherst
Edward Braddock †
James Wolfe †
Earl of Loudoun
James Abercrombie
Edward Boscawen
George Washington
John Forbes
George Monro
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm †
Marquis de Vaudreuil
Baron Dieskau (POW)
François-Marie de Lignery †
Chevalier de Lévis (POW)
Joseph de Jumonville †
Marquis Duquesne
Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu †
Strength
42,000 regulars and militia (peak strength, 1758)[1]
10,000 regulars (troupes de la terre and troupes de la marine, peak strength, 1757)[2]Casualties and losses
1,512 killed in action
1,500 died of wounds
10,400 died of disease[3]
? |
[question]: What was the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War?
[answer]: The treaty that ended the French and Indian War was the Treaty of Paris. | What was the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War? | The treaty that ended the French and Indian War was the Treaty of Paris. | 1 | 7.32572 | 14 | 153 | 1 |
5,037 | -8,764,391,356,528,928,000 | Love, Simon | Love , Simon - wikipedia Love , Simon Love , Simon Theatrical release poster Directed by Greg Berlanti Produced by Marty Bowen Wyck Godfrey Isaac Klausner Pouya Shahbazian Screenplay by Isaac Aptaker Elizabeth Berger Based on Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli Starring Nick Robinson Josh Duhamel Jennifer Garner Music by Rob Simonsen Cinematography John Guleserian Edited by Harry Jierjian Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Temple Hill Productions TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) ( Mardi Gras Film Festival ) March 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 16 ) ( United States ) Running time 110 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $10 -- 17 million Box office $59.4 million Love , Simon is a 2018 American romantic teen comedy - drama film directed by Greg Berlanti , written by Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger , and based on the novel Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli . The film stars Nick Robinson , Josh Duhamel , and Jennifer Garner . It centers on Simon Spier , a closeted gay high school boy who is forced to balance his friends , his family , and the blackmailer threatening to out him to the entire school , while simultaneously attempting to discover the identity of the anonymous classmate with whom he has fallen in love online . Love , Simon premiered at the Mardi Gras Film Festival on February 27 , 2018 , and was released in the United States on March 16 , 2018 , by 20th Century Fox . Critics praised the film for its `` big heart , diverse and talented cast , and revolutionary normalcy '' , describing it as `` tender , sweet , and affecting '' and a `` hugely charming crowd - pleaser '' that is `` funny , warm - hearted and life - affirming '' , with many comparing it to the romantic comedy - drama films of John Hughes . The first film by a major Hollywood studio to focus on a gay teenage romance , it grossed $59 million worldwide . Contents ( hide ) 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 4 Soundtrack 4.1 Charts 5 Release 5.1 Home video 6 Reception 6.1 Box office 6.2 Critical response 7 Accolades 8 References 9 External links Plot ( edit ) Simon Spier is a closeted gay high school boy in a suburb of Atlanta , Georgia . He has a close and loving family : parents Emily and Jack , and sister Nora , as well as three best friends : Nick and Leah , whom he has known most of his life , and newcomer Abby . One day , Leah informs Simon about an online confession of a closeted gay student at their high school , known only by the pseudonym `` Blue '' . As `` Jacques '' , Simon begins communicating with him via email . The two confide personal details and form a connection . However , their emails are accidentally discovered by another student , Martin , who is infatuated with Abby . After learning his secret , Martin blackmails Simon by threatening to make his emails public unless he agrees to help Martin win over Abby . Simon begins to suspect that his classmate Bram is Blue . At a Halloween party , Simon attempts to connect with Bram but later walks in on him making out with a female student . Simon lies to Nick , telling him that Abby has a boyfriend in college . Leah walks an inebriated Simon home , where she speaks vaguely about how she feels that she is fated to love one person very intensely ; Simon believes she is referring to Nick . Simon meets up with Abby and Martin at a local diner after he convinces them to practice lines together for an upcoming musical . Simon bonds with their server , a classmate named Lyle , and believes that Lyle may be Blue . That night , Simon comes out to Abby and is relieved when she reacts positively . At a school football game , Simon crosses paths with Lyle ; before he can summon the courage to ask if Lyle is Blue , he finds out Lyle is interested in Abby . An upset Simon tells a pestering Martin to either `` go big or go home '' when courting Abby . Martin interrupts the national anthem and publicly declares his feelings for Abby . When Abby admits she does not share his feelings , Martin is humiliated and becomes the subject of intense ridicule . On Christmas Eve , to distract people from his own humiliation , Martin outs Simon by posting his emails on the school gossip site . Simon 's sister Nora tries to comfort Simon but he shuts her out and does not return his friends ' frantic texts . Simon comes out to his parents on Christmas morning , to their surprise but acceptance . After the holidays , Nick and Abby , now a couple , angrily confront Simon about the lies he told and learn that he had tried to keep them apart due to Martin 's blackmail . Leah confesses to Simon that she was in love with him , not Nick , and is upset he came out to Abby first . After being rejected by his friends , Simon receives a final email from Blue , who is upset that their emails have been leaked . Blue tells Simon that they should stop speaking and deletes his email account . Simon is devastated , having lost his friends as well as the mystery pen - pal he has fallen in love with . In the cafeteria , Simon and an openly gay student , Ethan , are mocked by two classmates . Ethan and Simon bond over the difficulties they have faced coming out . After his parents reach out and comfort him , Simon apologizes to Leah . Simon posts a confession on the gossip site apologizing to his friends , seeking out Blue and asking him to meet at the school carnival . After the school musical , Leah , Nick and Abby make amends with Simon and invite him to go to the carnival with them . Waiting for Blue at the carnival , Simon rides the Ferris wheel , drawing a large crowd of peers . When Simon runs out of tickets , Martin , making amends for his behavior , buys him one more ride . Just before the ride begins , Bram sits next to Simon , revealing himself as Blue ; the kiss Simon saw with the female student was a drunken misunderstanding . They ride the Ferris wheel together and kiss as their friends cheer them on . Simon 's life gradually returns to normal and he begins a relationship with Bram . While picking up his friends and boyfriend for school , Simon suggests that they forgo their usual morning routine and instead `` go on a little adventure '' . Cast ( edit ) Nick Robinson as Simon Spier Bryson Pitts as 10 - year - old Simon Spier Nye Reynolds as 5 - year - old Simon Spier Josh Duhamel as Jack Spier , Simon 's father Jennifer Garner as Emily Spier , Simon 's mother Talitha Bateman as Nora Spier , Simon 's sister Skye Mowbray as 6 - year - old Nora Spier Katherine Langford as Leah Burke , one of Simon 's best friends Alexandra Shipp as Abby Suso , one of Simon 's best friends Jorge Lendeborg Jr. as Nick Eisner , one of Simon 's best friends Keiynan Lonsdale as Abraham `` Bram '' Greenfeld , one of Simon 's classmates Miles Heizer as Cal Price , one of Simon 's classmates Logan Miller as Martin Addison , one of Simon 's classmates who blackmails him Tony Hale as Mr. Worth , the awkward vice principal of the school Simon attends Natasha Rothwell as Ms. Albright , Simon 's drama teacher Drew Starkey as Garrett Laughlin , one of Simon 's classmates Clark Moore as Ethan , one of Simon 's classmates who is openly gay Joey Pollari as Lyle , a flirty server at a local diner Mackenzie Lintz as Taylor Metternich , one of Simon 's classmates Production ( edit ) Principal photography began on March 6 , 2017 , in Atlanta , Georgia . Filming officially ended on April 23 , 2017 . Aware of how expensive the cost of the music would be in the film , Berlanti made the decision to end shooting two days early . Of the decision , he said `` I did know that a lot of the film was made in homage to movies that had these great soundtracks that , at my age , you 'd play the cassette tape over and over again until it would wear out . The soundtrack was the thing that kept you feeling the emotions of the movie . So it was always on my wish list to have a soundtrack that was reflective of that . It was very expensive so everyone wanted to make sure I was doing the right thing . I wanted more money to be put into the music . '' Soundtrack ( edit ) Love , Simon ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) Soundtrack album by Various artists Released March 16 , 2018 Genre Soundtrack indie pop Length 47 : 24 Label RCA Sony Singles from Love , Simon ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) `` Alfie 's Song ( Not So Typical Love Song ) '' Released : 16 January 2018 `` Love Lies '' Released : 14 February 2018 The soundtrack of the film includes music by Bleachers , Troye Sivan , Amy Shark , Brenton Wood , The 1975 , Normani and Khalid , among others . The first track released from the soundtrack was `` Alfie 's Song ( Not So Typical Love Song ) '' by Bleachers . Love , Simon ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) No . Title Writer ( s ) Performed by Length 1 . `` Alfie 's Song ( Not So Typical Love Song ) '' Jack Antonoff Ilsey Juber Harry Styles Bleachers 3 : 01 2 . `` Rollercoaster '' Antonoff John Hill Bleachers 3 : 12 3 . `` Never Fall in Love '' Antonoff Karen Marie Ørsted Jack Antonoff and MØ 4 . `` Strawberries & Cigarettes '' Troye Sivan Antonoff Alex Hope Troye Sivan 3 : 21 5 . `` Sink In '' Ben Berger Julia Michaels Ryan McMahon Amy Shark 4 : 35 6 . `` Love Lies '' Khalid Robinson Normani Charlie Handsome Jamil `` Digi '' Chammas Taylor Parks Khalid and Normani 3 : 23 7 . `` The Oogum Boogum Song '' Alfred Smith Brenton Wood 3 : 07 8 . `` Love Me '' Adam Hann George Daniel Matthew Healy Ross MacDonald The 1975 3 : 42 9 . `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' George Merrill Shannon Rubicam Whitney Houston 4 : 50 10 . `` Someday at Christmas '' Ron Miller Bryan Wells Jackson 5 2 : 44 11 . `` Wings '' Nini Fabi Benjamin Gebert Haerts 4 : 58 12 . `` Keeping a Secret '' Antonoff Justin Tranter Bleachers 3 : 25 13 . `` Wild Heart '' Antonoff Hill Bleachers 3 : 21 Charts ( edit ) Chart ( 2018 ) Peak position Australian Albums ( ARIA ) 82 Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) 24 UK Soundtrack Albums ( OCC ) 11 US Billboard 200 37 Other songs that appear in the film but are not included on its soundtrack include `` Waterloo Sunset '' by The Kinks , `` Diamond '' by MONAKR , `` Feel It Still '' by Portugal . The Man , `` No '' by Meghan Trainor , `` As Long as You Love Me '' by Justin Bieber , `` Add It Up '' by Violent Femmes , `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga ( performed by the Michigan Marching Band ) and `` Shine a Light '' by BANNERS . Release ( edit ) Love , Simon premiered at the Mardi Gras Film Festival on February 27 , 2018 , and also screened at the Glasgow Film Festival and the Melbourne Queer Film Festival . The film was released by 20th Century Fox in the United States and Canada on March 16 , 2018 , in Australia and New Zealand on March 29 , 2018 , in Brazil on April 5 , 2018 , in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 6 , 2018 , in Colombia on April 12 , 2018 , Mexico on April 13 , 2018 , and is scheduled to be released in other countries on various dates throughout 2018 . Following the film 's release , several celebrities , including Jennifer Garner , Kristen Bell , Neil Patrick Harris , Joey Graceffa , Matt Bomer , Robbie Rogers , Benj Pasek , Tyler Oakley , Martin Gero , Andrew Rannells , and Jesse Tyler Ferguson , bought out entire theaters so that people could see the film for free because they believed that the film conveyed an important message . Love Simon is the first film by a major Hollywood studio to focus on a gay teenage romance . Home video ( edit ) The film became available to pre-order on home video on January 17 , 2018 , was released digitally on May 29 , 2018 , and was released on 4K Blu - Ray , Blu - ray and DVD on June 12 , 2018 . Reception ( edit ) Box Office ( edit ) As of June 17 , 2018 , Love , Simon has grossed $40.8 million in the United States and Canada , and $18.5 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $59.4 million , against a production budget of $17 million . It is the 14th highest - grossing teen romance film since 1980 , and the third - highest by 20th Century Fox other than The Fault in Our Stars and Romeo + Juliet . Love , Simon held early preview screenings on March 10 before its official release on March 16 , where it grossed $800,000 from 927 theaters , which Deadline Hollywood considered `` strong '' . In the United States and Canada , the film was released alongside Tomb Raider and I Can Only Imagine , and was projected to gross $10 -- 12 million from 2,401 theaters in its opening weekend . The film made $4.6 million on its first day ( including $850,000 from Thursday previews at 2,125 theaters ) . The film went on to debut at $11.8 million , finishing fifth at the box office ; 58 % of its opening weekend audience was female and 59 % was under 25 . In its second weekend the film dropped 33 % to $7.8 million , finishing 7th , and in its third weekend made $4.8 million , finishing ninth . In the United Kingdom , the film debuted at number four , earning $1.6 million . In Australia , the film debuted at number four , earning $916,697 . In Brazil , the film debuted at number four , earning $804,567 . In Mexico , the film debuted at number three , earning $982,391 . Critical response ( edit ) On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 92 % , based on 167 reviews , with an average rating of 7.4 / 10 . The website 's critical consensus reads , `` Love , Simon hits its coming - of - age beats more deftly than many entries in this well - traveled genre -- and represents an overdue , if not entirely successful , milestone of inclusion . '' On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100 , based on 38 critics , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A + '' on an A+ to F scale , one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to earn such a score . Benjamin Lee of The Guardian gave the film 4 / 5 stars , calling it a `` hugely charming crowd - pleaser '' . Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 / 5 stars , stating that audiences `` are guaranteed to fall in love with this sweet , funny coming - of - age film '' . Molly Freeman of Screen Rant gave the film 4 / 5 stars or an Excellent rating , stating that `` Love , Simon is a funny , heartfelt , and truly touching teen romantic comedy that instantly becomes a modern classic for today 's generation . '' Josh Winning of GamesRadar+ gave the film 4 / 5 stars , describing it as a `` warm , sensitive and engaging coming - out - of - ager '' and `` one of the freshest teen - coms in ages '' . Meredith Goldstein of The Boston Globe gave the film 3.5 / 4 stars and stated , `` Love , Simon is a sweet , modern romantic comedy that manages to channel the teen movie classics of the late John Hughes , but only the good stuff . '' Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film 3 / 4 stars and wrote , `` If John Hughes had gone on to make a smart LGBT coming - of - age charmer , most likely it would resemble this . '' Bruce Demara of the Toronto Star also gave it 3 / 4 stars , stating `` The casting is high quality , the script - with a tantalizing mystery at its heart - is particularly well - crafted and the story hits all the right emotional notes in delivering a funny , warm - hearted and life - affirming tale . '' Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film 3.5 / 4 stars and wrote , `` Young and old , jocks and nerds , geeks and freaks , and everyone in between should be able to find something to adore in Love , Simon . '' Joyce Slaton of Common Sense Media gave the film 4 / 5 stars and described it as `` tender , sweet , and affecting '' , with the film also receiving The Common Sense Seal , which recognizes movies that offer families an exceptional media experience . MJ Franklin of Mashable wrote that `` Love , Simon feels like an instant classic that you 're going to want to watch again and again . '' Max Weiss of Baltimore gave Love , Simon 3 / 4 stars , calling it a `` sweet , funny , warm - hearted film '' . Kevin Scott of Exclaim ! gave the film a 7 out of 10 score , noting that the film has the `` expected amount of sentimentality that effectively tugs at the heartstrings '' . Peter Debruge of Variety , while stating that the film is average in execution , praised the content as `` groundbreaking on so many levels , not least of which is just how otherwise familiar it all seems '' . Jesse Hassenger of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+ and wrote that the film `` is touching as a gesture '' , but as entertainment `` it 's nothing Degrassi has n't done better '' . Becky Albertalli , the author of the book , watched an early cut and praised the film , stating : `` It 's funny and relevant and timeless and charming and honest and painful and so romantic . It says exactly what I wanted the book to say . '' Accolades ( edit ) Award Date Nominee ( s ) Result Ref . Golden Trailer Awards May 31 , 2018 Best Romance Trailer Love , Simon Nominated Best Romance TV Spot Love , Simon Nominated Best Billboard Love , Simon Nominated Best Teaser Campaign Love , Simon Won MTV Movie & TV Awards June 18 , 2018 Best Kiss Nick Robinson and Keiynan Lonsdale Won Best Musical Moment Love , Simon Nominated Teen Choice Awards August 12 , 2018 Choice Movie -- Comedy Love , Simon Pending References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Love , Simon ( 12A ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( March 18 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Keeps B.O. Treasure From ' Tomb Raider ' ; How ' I Can Only Imagine ' Hit A $17 M High Note '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Barnes , Brooks ( February 15 , 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Poised to Shatter a Hollywood Myth '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 8 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Love , Simon ( 2018 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved June 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Project Casting ( January 26 , 2017 ) . `` ' Simon vs. The Homo Sapiens Agenda ' Open Casting Call '' . Project Casting . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Shipp , Alexandra ( @ AlexShipppp ) ( March 24 , 2017 ) . `` That 's a beautiful wrap on # simonvthehomosapiensagenda such a pleasure working with people I looooooove and respect '' ( Tweet ) . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ LeDonne , Rob ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' Music , From Deep Cuts to Surprise Global Hits '' . Billboard . Retrieved April 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Rice , Nicholas ( January 16 , 2018 ) . `` Bleachers Release ' Alfie 's Song ( Not So Typical Love Song ) ' From ' Love , Simon ' Soundtrack : Listen '' . Billboard . Retrieved April 6 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Love , Simon ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) by Various Artists '' . Apple Music . Apple . March 16 , 2018 . Retrieved January 17 , 2018 . Jump up ^ auspOp ( March 24 , 2018 ) . `` ARIA Chart Watch # 465 '' . auspOp . Retrieved March 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Canadian Albums : March 31 , 2018 '' . Billboard . Retrieved March 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Official Soundtrack Albums Chart Top 50 '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved April 14 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard 200 : March 31 , 2018 '' . Billboard . Retrieved March 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Love , Simon ( 12A ) '' . Glasgow Film Festival . March 3 , 2018 . Retrieved April 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ H. , Troy ( March 22 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon : Melbourne Queer Film Festival ( MQFF ) Centrepiece Presentation '' . Meetup . Retrieved April 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Simon vs the Homo Sapiens Agenda '' . ComingSoon.net . CraveOnline Media . April 4 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Fernandez , Alexia ( March 31 , 2018 ) . `` Jennifer Garner , Jesse Tyler Ferguson & More Stars Buyout Theaters for Love , Simon '' . People . Time . Retrieved April 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Stack , Tim . `` ' Love , Simon ' : Your first look at 2018 's major studio gay teen romance '' . Entertainment Weekly . Time . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . Lang , Brent ( March 9 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' Stars Say Gay Teen Romance Will Save Lives '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Wilson - Taylor , James ( January 17 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' : Cast , Release Date , Trailer , Soundtrack And Everything You Need To Know '' . PopBuzz . Retrieved March 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Love , Simon DVD Release Date '' . DVDs Release Dates . Retrieved May 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Teen Romance Movies at the Box Office '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( March 11 , 2018 ) . `` Greg Berlanti Gay Teen Romance Pic ' Love , Simon ' Posts Strong Sneak Previews '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 11 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Fuster , Jeremy ( March 13 , 2018 ) . `` Will ' Tomb Raider ' Be the Movie to Finally Knock ' Black Panther ' From Box Office Perch ? '' . TheWrap . Retrieved March 13 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : D'Alessandro , Anthony ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` ' Tomb Raider ' Rings Up $2.1 M On Thursday -- Box Office '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( March 25 , 2018 ) . `` Does ' Pacific Rim : Uprising ' Break Even At The Global B.O. ? ; ' Black Panther ' Sets Marvel Record -- Sunday Postmortem '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ D'Alessandro , Anthony ( April 1 , 2018 ) . `` How Warner Bros. Sold ' Ready Player One ' On The Spielberg Spirit & Beat Tracking With $53 M+ 4 - Day -- Sunday Postmortem '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved April 4 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` United Kingdom Box Office : April 6 -- 8 , 2018 '' . Box Office Mojo . Amazon . Retrieved April 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Australia Box Office March 29 -- April 1 , 2018 '' . Box Office Mojo . Amazon . Retrieved May 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Brazil Box Office April 6 -- 8 , 2018 '' . Box Office Mojo . Amazon . Retrieved May 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Mexico Box Office April 13 -- 15 , 2018 '' . Box Office Mojo . Amazon . Retrieved May 21 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Love , Simon ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved April 19 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Love , Simon Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved March 16 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lee , Benjamin ( February 27 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon review - coming - out comedy is a landmark teen classic '' . The Guardian . Guardian News and Media . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hammond , Pete ( March 9 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' Review : Winning Comedy About Gay High Schooler Is One From The Heart '' . Deadline Hollywood . Penske Business Media . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Freeman , Molly ( February 26 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon Review : A Modern Teen Rom - Com Classic '' . Screen Rant . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Winning , Josh ( March 6 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon Review : ' Honest and Good - Natured Without Ever Being Patronising ' '' . GamesRadar+ . Future Publishing . Retrieved March 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Goldstein , Meredith ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' says a lot , and it 's all good '' . The Boston Globe . Boston Globe Media Partners . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Covert , Colin ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` Sweet teen comedy ' Love , Simon ' offers a lot to love '' . Star Tribune . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Demara , Bruce ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon turns teen ' coming out ' story into a funny , sweet journey '' . Toronto Star . Toronto Star Newspapers . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Truitt , Brian ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` Review : ' Love , Simon ' charms by giving gay teen romance the John Hughes treatment '' . USA Today . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Slaton , Joyce . `` Love , Simon Movie Review '' . Common Sense Media . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Common Sense Seal '' . Common Sense Media . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Franklin , MJ ( February 27 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' is the comforting coming out hug every gay teen wishes they had '' . Mashable . Ziff Davis . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Weiss , Max ( March 16 , 2018 ) . `` Review : Love , Simon '' . Baltimore . RoseBud Entertainment . Retrieved April 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Scott , Kevin ( March 15 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon '' . Exclaim ! . Retrieved March 15 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Debruge , Peter ( February 26 , 2018 ) . `` ' Love , Simon ' Review : Ground - Breaking Romcom Features Gay Protagonist '' . Variety . Penske Business Media . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hassenger , Jessie ( February 27 , 2018 ) . `` Love , Simon often plays like sweetly progressive , second - rate TV '' . The A.V. Club . The Onion . Retrieved February 27 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Albertalli , Becky ( @ beckyalbertalli ) ( August 31 , 2017 ) . `` It 's funny and relevant and timeless and charming and honest and painful and SO ROMANTIC , THERE IS KISSING AND IT IS NOT HALF - ASSED '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Albertalli , Becky ( @ beckyalbertalli ) ( August 31 , 2017 ) . `` But I do know that you guys are going to lose your shit over this one . It is so special . It says exactly what I wanted the book to say '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ `` 2018 Golden Trailer Awards Awards '' . Deadline Hollywood . May 9 , 2018 . Retrieved May 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( 1 June 2018 ) . `` ' Black Panther ' Wins Best In Show At Golden Trailer Awards '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved 1 June 2018 . Jump up ^ `` 2018 MTV Movie & TV Award Winners '' . MTV . June 18 , 2018 . Retrieved June 18 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Teen Choice Awards Nominations 2018 '' . Hollywood Life . June 13 , 2018 . Retrieved June 13 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official website Love , Simon on IMDb Love , Simon at AllMovie hide Greg Berlanti Films Directed The Broken Hearts Club : A Romantic Comedy Life as We Know It Love , Simon Written only Green Lantern Wrath of the Titans Television series created Everwood Jack & Bobby Eli Stone No Ordinary Family Political Animals Arrow The Tomorrow People The Flash Supergirl Legends of Tomorrow GND : 1145176739 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love,_Simon&oldid=846559417 '' Categories : 2018 films English - language films 20th Century Fox films 2010s comedy - drama films 2010s coming - of - age films 2010s high school films 2010s LGBT - related films 2010s romantic comedy films 2010s romantic drama films 2010s teen comedy films 2010s teen drama films 2010s teen romance films Albums produced by Jack Antonoff American comedy - drama films American coming - of - age films American high school films American romantic comedy films American romantic drama films American teen comedy films American teen drama films American teen LGBT - related films American teen romance films Coming - of - age comedy films Coming - of - age drama films Coming - of - age romance films Films based on American novels Films based on young adult literature Films set in Atlanta Films shot in Atlanta Gay - related films LGBT romance films LGBT - related comedy - drama films LGBT - related coming - of - age films Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from March 2018 Articles with hAudio microformats Album infoboxes lacking a cover Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2018 All articles containing potentially dated statements Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Articles created via the Article Wizard Talk Contents About Wikipedia Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本 語 Português Русский Српски / srpski Suomi Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 13 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 June 2018 , at 14 : 15 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does the love simon soundtrack come out | ['\n\nLove, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\n\n\nSoundtrack album by Various artists\n\n\nReleased\nMarch 16, 2018\n\n\nGenre\n\n\n\nSoundtrack\nindie pop\n\n\n\n\n\nLength\n47:24\n\n\nLabel\n\n\n\nRCA\nSony\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSingles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)\n\n\n\n\n\n"Alfie\'s Song (Not So Typical Love Song)"\nReleased: 16 January 2018\n"Love Lies"\nReleased: 14 February 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n'] | ['March 16, 2018'] |
Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
March 16, 2018
Genre
Soundtrack
indie pop
Length
47:24
Label
RCA
Sony
Singles from Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
"Alfie's Song (Not So Typical Love Song)"
Released: 16 January 2018
"Love Lies"
Released: 14 February 2018
|
[question]: What is the name of the soundtrack album released for the movie Love, Simon?
[answer]: The name of the soundtrack album released for the movie Love, Simon is Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack). | What is the name of the soundtrack album released for the movie Love, Simon? | The name of the soundtrack album released for the movie Love, Simon is Love, Simon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack). | 1 | 7.324646 | 19 | 49 | 1 |
27,181 | 4,148,443,057,121,045,000 | The Perks of Being a Wallflower | The Perks of Being a Wallflower - wikipedia The Perks of Being a Wallflower This article is about the book . For the film adaptation , see The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( film ) . The Perks of Being a Wallflower Author Stephen Chbosky Country United States Language English Genre Young adult / Epistolary Publisher Pocket Books ( original cover ) MTV Books ( movie cover version ) Publication date February 1 , 1999 Media type Print ( Paperback ) and Audiobook Pages 256 ( first edition paperback ) 224 ( regular edition paperback ) ISBN 0 - 671 - 02734 - 4 OCLC 40813072 Dewey Decimal 813 /. 54 21 + + + + + LC Class PS3553. H3469 P47 1999 The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming - of - age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky , which was first published on February 1 , 1999 , by Pocket Books . Set in the early 1990s , the novel follows Charlie , an introverted teenager , through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb . The novel details Charlie 's unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood , and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family . Chbosky took five years to develop and publish The Perks of Being a Wallflower , creating the characters and other aspects of the story from his own memories . The novel addresses themes permeating adolescence , including introversion , sexuality , drug use , and mental health , while also making several references to other literary works , films , and pop culture in general . Because of the mentioned themes , it was banned in some American schools for its content . In 2012 , Chbosky himself adapted and directed a film version starring Logan Lerman , Ezra Miller and Emma Watson . The film boosted the novel 's sales , and the book reached The New York Times Best Seller list . Contents 1 Plot 2 Background and writing 3 Style and themes 4 Publication and reception 5 Film adaptation 6 References 7 External links Plot ( edit ) Charlie , the 15 - year - old protagonist , begins writing letters about his own life to an unknown recipient . In these letters he discusses his first year at high school and his struggles with two traumatic experiences : the suicide of his only middle - school friend , Michael Dobson , and the death of his favorite aunt , Helen . His English teacher , who encourages Charlie to call him Bill , notices Charlie 's passion for reading and writing , and acts as a mentor by assigning him extracurricular books and reports . Although he is a wallflower , Charlie is befriended by two seniors : Patrick and Sam . Patrick is secretly dating Brad , a closeted football player , and Sam is Patrick 's stepsister . Charlie quickly develops a crush on Sam and subsequently admits his feelings to her . It is revealed that Sam was sexually abused as a child , and she kisses Charlie to ensure that his first kiss is from someone who truly loves him . In parallel , Charlie witnesses his sister 's boyfriend hit her across the face , but she forbids him from telling their parents . He eventually mentions the occurrence to Bill , who tells Charlie 's parents about it . Charlie 's relationship with his sister rapidly deteriorates and she continues to see her boyfriend against her parents ' wishes . Eventually , he discovers that his sister is pregnant and agrees to bring her to an abortion clinic without telling anyone . His sister breaks up with her boyfriend , after which her and Charlie 's relationship begins to improve significantly . Charlie is accepted by Sam and Patrick 's group of friends and begins experimenting with tobacco , alcohol and other drugs . At a party Charlie trips on LSD . He can not control his flashbacks of Aunt Helen , who died in a car crash on her way to buy him a birthday gift . He ends up in the hospital after falling asleep in the snow . At a Rocky Horror Picture Show performance , Charlie is asked to fill in as Rocky for Sam 's boyfriend Craig , who is unavailable . Their friend Mary Elizabeth is impressed and asks Charlie to the Sadie Hawkins dance and they enter into a desultory relationship . The relationship ends , however , during a game of truth or dare when Charlie is dared to kiss the prettiest girl in the room . He kisses Sam , and Mary Elizabeth storms out of the room in response . Following this , Patrick suggests that Charlie stay away from Sam for a while , and the rest of the friend group shuns him . His flashbacks of Aunt Helen return . Patrick and Brad 's relationship is discovered by Brad 's abusive father , and Brad disappears from school for a few days . Upon returning , Brad is cold and mean toward Patrick , while Patrick attempts to reconnect with him . However , when Brad derogatorily attacks Patrick 's sexuality in public , Patrick physically attacks Brad until other football players join in and gang up on Patrick . Charlie joins in the fight to help Patrick , and breaks it up , regaining the respect of Sam and her friends . Patrick begins spending much of his time with Charlie and Patrick kisses Charlie impulsively and then apologizes , but Charlie understands that he is recovering from his romance with Brad . Soon Patrick sees Brad engaging with a stranger in the park and Patrick is able to move on from the relationship . As the school year ends , Charlie is anxious about losing his older friends -- especially Sam , who is leaving for a summer college - preparatory program and has learned that her boyfriend cheated on her . When Charlie helps her pack , they talk about his feelings for her ; she is angry that he never acted on them . They begin to engage sexually , but Charlie suddenly grows inexplicably uncomfortable and stops Sam . Charlie begins to realize that his sexual contact with Sam has stirred up repressed memories of him being molested by his Aunt Helen as a little boy . Charlie shows signs of PTSD from the incident and the revelation of his abuse helps the reader understand his view of relationships and love . In an epilogue , Charlie is discovered by his parents in a catatonic state and does not show any movement despite being hit reluctantly by his father . After being admitted to a mental hospital , it is revealed that Helen actually sexually abused him when he was young , and his love for her ( and empathy for her troubled youth ) caused him to repress his traumatic memories . This psychological damage explains his flashbacks and derealization phases throughout the book . In two months Charlie is released , and Sam and Patrick visit him . In the epilogue , Sam , Patrick and Charlie go through the tunnel again and Charlie stands up and exclaims that he feels infinite . Charlie eventually comes to terms with his past : `` Even if we do n't have the power to choose where we come from , we can still choose where we go from there '' . Charlie decides to `` participate '' in life , and his letter - writing ends . Background and writing ( edit ) Author Stephen Chbosky at the San Diego Comic - Con in 2006 Chbosky incorporated both fictional ideas and personal experiences to the novel . After five years with these elements in mind , he had the idea of writing the novel during a difficult period in his life . He was experiencing an unpleasant breakup of his own , which led him to ask , `` Why good people let themselves get treated so badly ? '' The author tried to answer the question with the sentence `` we accept the love we think we deserve '' . This quoted references the struggle of finding self love , encompassing one 's life and hope for the future , and not just romantic love . The story began when Chbosky was in school , evolving from another book on which he was working . In that book he wrote the sentence , `` I guess that 's just one of the perks of being a wallflower '' , which led him to realize `` that somewhere in that ... was the kid I was really trying to find . '' Chbosky began writing the novel in the summer of 1996 while he was in college , and within ten weeks he completed the story . He rewrote it into two more drafts , concluding the published version in the summer of 1998 . Charlie was loosely based on Chbosky himself . In the novel , Chbosky included much of his own memories from the time he lived in Pittsburgh . The other characters were manifestations of people Chbosky had known throughout his life ; Chbosky focused on people 's struggles and what they are passionate about , attempting to pin down the very nature of each of the characters . The characters of Sam and Patrick were an `` amalgamate and celebration '' of several people Chbosky has met ; Sam was based on girls who confided in him , and Patrick was `` all the kids I knew who were gay and finding their way to their own identity . '' Style and themes ( edit ) The idea of anonymous letters came from a real experience ; during his senior year in high school , Chbosky wrote an anonymous letter to Stewart Stern about how Rebel Without a Cause had influenced him . A year and a half later , Stern found Chbosky and became his mentor . By using a series of letters from Charlie to an anonymous character , Chbosky found `` the most intimate way '' to talk directly to the reader . He thought the letters would help him keep the story cohesive , `` to convey the highs and lows of being young -- one day , you 're on top of the world and you 've had the greatest of times '' . Critics have identified primary themes of teenage reality and nostalgia . According to David Edelstein of the New York Magazine , Chbosky captures the `` feeling you belong when among friends , yet you 'd soon be alone '' and notes that `` the pain of loss ... ( is ) almost as intense as the bliss ... it 's nostalgia with an emphasis on nostos , pain ( sic ) . '' Marty Beckerman of Word Riot said that The Perks of Being a Wallflower connects with young people because its scenes are `` so universal and happen to so many teenagers . '' Chbosky wanted to convey respect for teenagers , to `` validate and respect and celebrate what ( teenagers ) are going through every day '' , and said the novel is for `` anyone who 's felt like an outcast . '' Read by all ages , The Perks of Being a Wallflower is targeted at a teenage audience . The book addresses a range of themes dispassionately . These themes include drugs , friendship , body image , first love , suicide , eating disorders and sexuality . Chbosky appreciates the importance of entertainment in adolescence : `` Books , songs , and movies are more than entertainment when we 're young . They help all of us discover who we are , what we believe , and what we hope our life can be . '' As such , the book contains several cultural references across all mediums : musically the book references The Smiths and Fleetwood Mac , literally the book references This Side of Paradise , On the Road , To Kill a Mockingbird and theatrically the book references The Rocky Horror Picture Show . Publication and reception ( edit ) The Perks of Being a Wallflower was first published on February 1 , 1999 by Pocket Books through its MTV Books imprint . It became the subsidiary 's best - selling book with 100,000 copies in print as of 2000 , and was included on school reading lists and gathered a cult following . By 2012 , the novel had been published in 16 countries in 13 languages , and that same year it placed at number 16 on NPR 's list of the `` 100 Best - Ever Teen Novels '' . Critical response was mixed ; Publishers Weekly called the novel `` trite '' , dealing with `` standard teenage issues '' in which `` Chbosky infuses a droning insistence on Charlie 's supersensitive disposition . '' Although Kirkus Review said it had `` the right combination of realism and uplift '' , the reviewer criticized Chbosky 's `` rip - off '' of J.D. Salinger 's The Catcher in the Rye . Although other reviewers made similar comparisons , Chbosky said he `` was not trying to mimic ( Salinger 's ) style as a writer '' ; he saw `` how readers could compare Charlie to Salinger 's Holden Caulfield , but `` they are very different people with unique problems and perspectives '' . More positive was Francisca Goldsmith of the School Library Journal , who said the novel `` cleverly '' makes the readers the recipients of Charlie 's letters , and it `` will engage teen readers for years to come . '' Common Sense Media 's Kate Pavao praised its relevant themes for teenagers : `` Readers will find themselves quickly feeling sorry for the protagonist and worrying about him throughout his transformative journey . '' For The A.V. Club , Marah Eakin wrote that although for an adult `` Perks suffers from an overabundance of pure , raw angst ... unlike some more arrested development - friendly young adult fare like Harry Potter , Perks speaks to a more specific age range and does it well . '' The Perks of Being a Wallflower has appeared six times on the American Library Association 's list of 10 most - frequently - challenged books for its content . A Wisconsin school board refused to ban the book , angering local parents . The Glen Ellyn District 41 school board in suburban Chicago unanimously voted to reinstate the novel after it was removed from eighth - grade classrooms at Hadley Junior High School because of a parent 's objection to its sexual content . Further objections to the book include the use of `` profanity '' , `` drug abuse '' , `` sexually explicit '' scenes , and `` torture '' . Groups like PABBIS ( Parents Against Bad Books in School ) work to restrict literature considered `` controversial '' from being accessed by younger children . The group believes these `` bad books '' should be moved to the adult section . In 2009 , Perks was repeatedly challenged for descriptions of masturbation , sexually explicit conduct , drug use , and talk of suicide and there have been multiple pushes across the United States to move this literary work from the children and young adults section to the adult section . Parents have raised issues with the novel for its `` pornographic '' content and `` vulgarity '' , but others have argued that the book deals with real and common teen issues concerned with growing up , so it presents a truthful viewpoint . Issues are also raised surrounding the books themes of homosexuality , as well as a `` glorification '' of the use of drugs and alcohol . In an interview , Chbosky said that he knew of two school boards which have banned the book ( in Massachusetts and on Long Island ) . Since he `` did n't write it to be a controversial book , '' he was `` surprised '' by the bans . Film adaptation ( edit ) Lerman , Watson , and Miller , the main actors in the film adaptation , played Charlie , Sam , and Patrick respectively Main article : The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( film ) Since he wrote The Perks of Being a Wallflower , Chbosky aspired to adapt it into a film , calling this `` a lifelong dream of mine '' . After the publication of the novel , the author said he received film offers , refusing them because he `` owed the fans a movie that was worthy of their love for the book '' . In 2010 Mr. Mudd began developing a film version , and the author was signed to write and direct the film by producers John Malkovich , Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith . The film , shot in the Pittsburgh area from May 9 to June 29 , 2011 , starred Logan Lerman as Charlie , Emma Watson as Sam , Ezra Miller as Patrick , and Nina Dobrev as Charlie 's sister , Candace . With the announcement of a film adaptation , the novel received more attention ; its sales increased from 88,847 copies in 2011 to 425,933 in 2012 , and it reached the New York Times bestseller lists . It entered the Children 's Paperback Books category on the June 23 , 2012 list , and had 1.5 million copies in print in November 2012 . As of May 11 , 2014 it appeared on The New York Times top 10 list for the 71st non-consecutive week , and was in the top 15 on the November 23 list . It premiered on September 8 , 2012 at the Toronto International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States by Summit Entertainment on September 21 . According to Metacritic it has received `` generally favorable reviews '' , with an average of 67 out of 100 based on 36 reviews . Rotten Tomatoes reported an 86 % approval rate , based on 153 reviews . The film grossed over $33 million worldwide from a $13 million production budget . Even though the movie was directed and scripted by the author himself , some scenes were omitted from the film adaptation . In the book , Charlie 's parents are notified by Bill that Candace is being abused by her boyfriend , to which his parents take direct intervention in the abusive relationship in the book . In addition , Candace gets pregnant by her abusive boyfriend and is accompanied by Charlie to the abortion clinic , a scene that is also omitted from the movie . In addition , one of the more important pieces of the book , the poem , was also one of the many deleted scenes . In the DVD , there is a special features section to watch scenes that were originally deleted from the movie . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Beisch , Ann ( December 2001 ) . `` Interview with Stephen Chbosky , author of The Perks of Being a Wallflower '' . LA Youth . Archived from the original on February 15 , 2011 . Retrieved May 15 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Stewart , Sierra ( September 18 , 2012 ) . `` Interview With Perks of Being a Wallflower 's Stephen Chbosky '' . Blueprint Magazine Online . Retrieved December 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Aquino , Tara ( September 22 , 2012 ) . `` Interview : `` The Perks of Being A Wallflower '' Director Stephen Chbosky Talks Finding The Perfect Cast And Changing Teens ' Lives `` . Complex . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Durling , Roger ( September 26 , 2012 ) . `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower Q&A '' . Santa Barbara International Film Festival . Archived from the original on December 10 , 2014 . Retrieved December 10 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Douglas , Edward ( September 20 , 2012 ) . `` Interview : Perks of Being a Wallflower Author / Director Stephen Chbosky '' . Comingsoon.net . CraveOnline . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Screenwriter and Novelist Stephen Chbosky : Rebel with a Cause '' . Script Magazine . September 21 , 2012 . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Ratcliff , Ashley ( February 18 , 2013 ) . `` ' The perks of being ' a filmmaker '' . Home Media Magazine . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Thebigfanboy . `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower - Interview with Stephen Chbosky ( Writer / Director ) '' . Youtube . Retrieved May 19 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Wertheimer , Linda ( September 23 , 2012 ) . `` ' Wallflower ' Film Puts Adolescence On Screen '' . NPR.org . National Public Radio . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Edelstein , David ( September 24 , 2012 ) . `` Freshman Disorientation '' . New York Magazine . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Beckerman , Marty ( 2011 ) . `` An Interview with Stephen Chbosky '' . Word Riot . Archived from the original on October 29 , 2013 . Retrieved May 16 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Buntin , Julie ( December 31 , 2013 ) . `` The Best Books for Your ' 90s Birth Year '' . Cosmopolitan . Retrieved December 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Finn , Robin ( July 8 , 2007 ) . `` Summer Reading Title Prompts Resistance From Parents , Not Students '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Rooney , Chandra ( September 10 , 2012 ) . `` AQ And A With Stephen Chbosky '' . Indigo Books and Music . Archived from the original on April 22 , 2013 . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Anguiano , Rosemary ( September 25 , 2012 ) . `` Stephen Chbosky Interview : Author Sees His Characters Come To Life In ' Perks Of Being A Wallflower ' Movie '' . The Huffington Post . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Perks of being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky - review '' . The Guardian . July 22 , 2013 . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower Review '' . Common Sense Media . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Bing , Jonathan ( October 4 , 2000 ) . `` ' Perks ' guy in pics ; Nerve racking up deals '' . Variety . Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Ryzik , Melena ( October 9 , 2011 ) . `` From Wizards to Wallflowers in the Suburbs '' . The New York Times . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Brevet , Brad ( September 11 , 2012 ) . `` ' The Perks of Being a Wallflower ' ( 2012 ) Movie Review '' . Ropeofsilicon.com . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Your Favorites : 100 Best - Ever Teen Novels '' . NPR.org . National Public Radio . August 7 , 2012 . Retrieved December 5 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Fiction Book Review : The Perks of Being a Wallflower '' . Publishers Weekly . February 1 , 1999 . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky '' . Kirkus Review . January 15 , 1999 . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2014 . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Fleishhacker , Joy ( August 31 , 2012 ) . `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower and Other Tales of Teen Angst and Alienation '' . School Library Journal . Retrieved December 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Eakin , Marah ( September 21 , 2012 ) . `` How does the The Perks Of Being A Wallflower hold up to adult eyes ? '' . The A.V. Club . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Frequently challenged books of the 21st century '' . American Library Association . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` ' Perks Of Being A Wallflower ' Glen Ellyn Book Ban Busted By Judy Blume 's Intervention '' . The Huffington Post . November 6 , 2013 . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Controversial and challenged books in schools -- PABBIS '' . www.pabbis.com . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Spotlight on Censorship - The Perks of Being a Wallflower - Intellectual Freedom Blog '' . Intellectual Freedom Blog . October 1 , 2010 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` ' The Perks Of Being A Wallflower ' Should Be Banned : Kamloops Dad '' . The Huffington Post . March 27 , 2014 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Titus , Ron . `` Marshall University Libraries - Banned Book - Stephen Chbosky 's The Perks of Being a Wallflower '' . www.marshall.edu . Retrieved 2017 - 10 - 05 . Jump up ^ CalPoly . `` Stephen Chbosky on the Perks of Being a Wallflower '' . Youtube . Retrieved May 19 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : McNary , Dave ( May 19 , 2010 ) . `` Watson , Lerman in talks for ' Perks ' '' . Variety . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Movie Filming In Pittsburgh Wants To Make Your Car A Star '' . WPXI. April 27 , 2011 . Archived from the original on August 5 , 2012 . Retrieved May 13 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Wilkinson , Amy ( August 17 , 2012 ) . `` Emma Watson , Logan Lerman Take Us Inside ' Perks Of Being A Wallflower ' '' . MTV . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Lodge , Sally ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` New Data on the Impact of YA Franchises to Be Unveiled at Nielsen Summit '' . Publishers Weekly . Retrieved December 10 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Olsen , Mark ( November 1 , 2012 ) . `` ' The Perks of Being a Wallflower ' steadily blossoms '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Children 's Paperpack Books Best Sellers - June 23 , 2012 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Young Adult Best Sellers - May 11 , 2014 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved September 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Young Adult Best Sellers - November 23 , 2014 '' . The New York Times . Retrieved December 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Nina Dobrev on the red carpet at The Perks of Being a Wallflower premiere '' . Tribute . September 3 , 2012 . Retrieved September 9 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( 2012 ) '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS Interactive . Retrieved September 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Perks of Being a Wallflower ( 2012 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Flixster . Retrieved April 30 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Gleason , Matthew ( 2014 - 12 - 21 ) . `` Sick Sentience : A Review of the Deleted Scenes from The Perks of Being a Wallflower '' . Sick Sentience . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 08 . External links ( edit ) Find more aboutThe Perks of Being a Wallflowerat Wikipedia 's sister projects Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata The Perks of Being a Wallflower official website Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Perks_of_Being_a_Wallflower&oldid=856594726 '' Categories : 1991 in fiction 1992 in fiction 1999 American novels American LGBT novels American novels adapted into films American young adult novels Coming - of - age fiction Debut novels Epistolary novels Novels with gay themes Novels set in Pittsburgh Novels set in the 1990s American bildungsromans Child sexual abuse in literature Mental illness in fiction Pocket Books books Novels by Stephen Chbosky Hidden categories : Good articles Pages to import images to Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikiquote বাংলা Català Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français Հայերեն Italiano עברית Кыргызча 日本 語 Norsk Português Suomi 中文 8 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 August 2018 , at 09 : 32 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does perks of being a wallflower take place | ['The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie’s unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family.\n'] | ['the early 1990s'] | The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie’s unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family.
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[question]: What is the name of the novel written by Stephen Chbosky?
[answer]: The name of the novel written by Stephen Chbosky is "The Perks of Being a Wallflower". | What is the name of the novel written by Stephen Chbosky? | The name of the novel written by Stephen Chbosky is "The Perks of Being a Wallflower". | 1 | 7.316205 | 16 | 85 | 1 |
10,152 | 3,228,419,663,563,053,000 | List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series | List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series - wikipedia List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Jump to : navigation , search Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Promotional image for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season two and Agent Carter season one . Based on Characters published by Marvel Comics Starring See below Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 17 ( across 10 series ) No. of episodes 239 Production Executive producer ( s ) Alan Fine Stan Lee Joe Quesada Jim Chory Jeph Loeb Running time 30 minutes ( NW ) 41 -- 65 minutes Production company ( s ) ABC Studios ( ABC & Netflix series ) ABC Signature Studios ( Hulu & Freeform series ) Marvel Television Distributor Disney -- ABC Domestic Television Netflix Hulu Release Original network ABC Netflix Hulu Freeform Picture format 720p ( HDTV ) ( ABC series ) 4K ( Ultra HD ) ( Netflix series ) IMAX ( Inh. ) Audio format 5.1 surround sound Original release September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) -- present ( present ) The Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) television series are American superhero television shows based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics . The shows have been in production since 2013 , and in that time Marvel Television and ABC Studios , along with its production division ABC Signature Studios , have premiered 10 series , with at least four more in various stages of development , across broadcast , streaming , and cable television on ABC , Netflix and Hulu , and Freeform , respectively . The ABC series have averaged around 4 -- 8 million viewers a season , with many of the MCU series receiving strong critical responses . The first series in the universe , Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , began airing on ABC during the 2013 -- 14 television season , and was joined by Marvel 's Agent Carter in the 2014 -- 15 television season . Marvel formed a unique partnership with IMAX Corporation to premiere Marvel 's Inhumans in IMAX theaters in September 2017 before airing on ABC during the 2017 -- 18 television season ; a put pilot for another ABC series , Marvel 's Damage Control , has also been ordered . Netflix 's Marvel series began in 2015 with Marvel 's Daredevil and Marvel 's Jessica Jones , followed by Marvel 's Luke Cage in 2016 . Marvel 's Iron Fist , the crossover miniseries Marvel 's The Defenders , and Marvel 's The Punisher released in 2017 . Additionally , the MCU expanded to Hulu with Marvel 's Runaways in 2017 , and will also expand to Freeform with Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger in 2018 . Marvel 's New Warriors is also scheduled to air in 2018 , despite not having a broadcaster . Starring in the series are Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson , in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter , in Agent Carter , both reprising their roles from MCU films , while Anson Mount headlines Inhumans as Black Bolt . Daredevil introduces Charlie Cox in the title role of Matt Murdock / Daredevil as well as Jon Bernthal as the Punisher in its second season , who reprises his role as the star of The Punisher . Jessica Jones introduces Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones and Mike Colter as Luke Cage , with the latter also headlining Luke Cage . Finn Jones stars as Danny Rand / Iron Fist in Iron Fist , and joins Cox , Ritter , and Colter for The Defenders . The Runaways cast consists of the titular group , including Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder , and their parents , including Ryan Sands as Geoffrey Wilder . Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph star in Cloak & Dagger as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak , respectively , while Milana Vayntrub and Derek Theler lead New Warriors as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal , respectively . Contents ( hide ) 1 ABC series 1.1 Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2013 -- ) 1.2 Marvel 's Agent Carter ( 2015 -- 16 ) 1.3 Marvel 's Inhumans ( 2017 ) 2 Netflix series 2.1 Marvel 's Daredevil ( 2015 -- ) 2.2 Marvel 's Jessica Jones ( 2015 -- ) 2.3 Marvel 's Luke Cage ( 2016 -- ) 2.4 Marvel 's Iron Fist ( 2017 -- ) 2.5 Marvel 's The Defenders ( 2017 ) 2.6 Marvel 's The Punisher ( 2017 -- ) 3 Hulu series 3.1 Marvel 's Runaways ( 2017 -- ) 4 Freeform series 4.1 Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger 5 Other series 5.1 Marvel 's New Warriors 6 Recurring cast and characters 6.1 ABC series 6.2 Netflix series 7 Reception 7.1 Ratings 7.2 Critical response 8 Potential projects 8.1 Marvel 's Damage Control 8.2 Other 9 Abandoned projects 10 References ABC series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. 22 September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) May 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 05 - 13 ) Jed Whedon , Maurissa Tancharoen , and Jeffrey Bell Released 22 September 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 23 ) May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) 22 September 29 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 29 ) May 17 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 17 ) 22 September 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 20 ) May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) 5 22 December 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 01 ) May 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 18 ) Airing Marvel 's Agent Carter 8 January 6 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 06 ) February 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 24 ) Tara Butters , Michele Fazekas , and Chris Dingess Released 10 January 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 19 ) March 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 01 ) Marvel 's Inhumans 8 September 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 29 ) November 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 10 ) Scott Buck Jump up ^ A version of the first two episodes debuted in IMAX theaters on September 1 , 2017 , and ran for two weeks , before their television premiere on ABC on September 29 . Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2013 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( L to R ) Jed Whedon , Maurissa Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell serve as the showrunners for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Phil Coulson assembles a small team of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) agents to handle strange new cases . After discovering that Project Centipede and their leader , `` The Clairvoyant '' , were affiliated with Hydra , a terrorist organization , Coulson and his team must deal with Hydra members still at large following Hydra 's infiltration of , and the destruction of , S.H.I.E.L.D. , while also looking to restore trust from the government and public . In the wake of S.H.I.E.L.D. 's wars with Hydra and the Inhumans , a race of superhumans , Coulson begins a secret mission to protect the world from new threats . After the defeat of the Inhuman Hive and with Hydra destroyed , S.H.I.E.L.D. is made a legitimate organization once again , with Coulson returning to being a field agent , and is tasked with tracking down more enhanced people -- including Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider -- while Agent Leo Fitz and Dr. Holden Radcliffe complete their work on Life Model Decoys . Coulson and members of his team are eventually abducted to deep space , where they must try and save humanity while figuring out how to get home . In August 2012 , ABC ordered a pilot for a show called S.H.I.E.L.D. , to be written by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , and directed by Joss Whedon . On April 6 , 2013 , ABC announced that the show would be titled Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and it was officially ordered to series on May 10 , 2013 . Jed Whedon , Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell act as the series ' showrunners , while Clark Gregg reprises his role from the films as Phil Coulson . The series was renewed for a second season on May 8 , 2014 , a third on May 7 , 2015 , a fourth on March 3 , 2016 , and a fifth on May 11 , 2017 . The first season , which premiered on September 24 , 2013 , aired episodes that directly relate to events in the films Thor : The Dark World and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . The revelation in Captain America : The Winter Soldier that S.H.I.E.L.D. had been infiltrated by Hydra had a huge impact on the series . Regarding the synergy the show had with addressing events from the film , Loeb said , `` It 's an extremely unique experience that does n't exist anywhere else out there in the entertainment business . '' The second season , which premiered on September 23 , 2014 , introduces Inhumans to the MCU , ahead of their own television series . Additionally , a recurring plot point in the first two seasons involved the body of a member of the Kree race , who play a significant role in Guardians of the Galaxy . The third season , which premiered on September 29 , 2015 , introduces the concept of the Secret Warriors , with new Inhuman characters inspired by the comic of the same name , as well as Life Model Decoys . The fourth season , which premiered on September 20 , 2016 , sees Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider introduced to the MCU , and ties to the second season of Agent Carter and Doctor Strange . The fifth season premiered on December 1 , 2017 . In the first season , Samuel L. Jackson , Cobie Smulders , Maximiliano Hernández , Titus Welliver and Jaimie Alexander all reprise their roles as Nick Fury , Maria Hill , Jasper Sitwell , Felix Blake , and Sif , respectively , from previous MCU films and One - Shots . In the second season , Alexander and Smulders return , while Hayley Atwell , Neal McDonough , Kenneth Choi , and Henry Goodman also reprise their roles as Peggy Carter , Timothy `` Dum Dum '' Dugan , Jim Morita , and List , respectively , from previous MCU films . In the third season , William Sadler reprises his role as Matthew Ellis from the MCU films , and Powers Boothe recurs as his previously unnamed The Avengers character , Gideon Malick . Marvel 's Agent Carter ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( edit ) Main article : Agent Carter ( TV series ) In 1946 , Peggy Carter must balance the routine office work she does for the Strategic Scientific Reserve while secretly assisting Howard Stark , who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States . Carter is assisted by Stark 's butler , Edwin Jarvis , to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons . Carter eventually moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new atomic age in the wake of World War II , gaining new friends , a new home and potential new love . By September 2013 , Marvel was developing a series inspired by the Agent Carter One - Shot , featuring Peggy Carter , and in January 2014 , the series was confirmed to be in development , with the script for a potential pilot to be written by Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier writers Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely . On May 8 , 2014 , ABC officially ordered Marvel 's Agent Carter to series . Tara Butters , Michele Fazekas and Chris Dingess act as showrunners on the series , while Hayley Atwell reprises her role from the films as Peggy Carter . The series was renewed for a second season on May 7 , 2015 , and was officially canceled by ABC on May 12 , 2016 . The first season , which premiered on January 6 , 2015 , introduces the origins of the Black Widow and Winter Soldier programs , which both appear in several MCU films . The second season , which premiered on January 19 , 2016 , features the Darkforce , which ties to the character Marcus Daniels in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Doctor Strange . In the first season , Dominic Cooper reprise his role of Howard Stark from Captain America : The First Avenger . James D'Arcy portrays Edwin Jarvis , Stark 's butler in the series who eventually serves as inspiration for Tony Stark 's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. Costa Ronin portrays a young Anton Vanko , the co-creator of the arc reactor with Stark . Chris Evans appears as Steve Rogers / Captain America via archive footage from The First Avenger . McDonough and Toby Jones reprise their roles as Dugan and Arnim Zola , respectively . In the second season , Cooper returns to reprise his role . Marvel 's Inhumans ( 2017 ) ( edit ) Main article : Inhumans ( TV series ) Scott Buck serves as showrunner for both Inhumans on ABC and the first season of Iron Fist on Netflix . After a military coup , the Inhuman Royal Family , led by Black Bolt , escape to Hawaii where they must save themselves and the world . In November 2016 , Marvel Television and IMAX Corporation announced Marvel 's Inhumans , to be produced in conjunction with ABC Studios . The series ' first two episodes were filmed entirely on IMAX digital cameras , and premiered on IMAX screens on September 1 , 2017 , for two weeks . ABC will then broadcast the series weekly starting with the first two episodes on September 29 , 2017 , with the network airing of the first two episodes featuring exclusive content , outside of the versions screened on IMAX . Select action sequences in the rest of the series were also shot on IMAX . The series was neither intended to be a reworking of the planned film from Marvel Studios , nor a spin - off from Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Ben Sherwood , president of Disney -- ABC Television Group , added that `` We 've worked very carefully with our friends at Marvel Studios -- and this is a critical point -- to make sure that calendar-wise and content-wise we are only enhancing '' the MCU ; the theatrical debut of the series was timed to not interfere with the release of any Marvel Studios films . In December 2016 , Scott Buck was announced as showrunner and executive producer for the series . In February 2017 , Anson Mount was cast as Black Bolt . Filming began in March 2017 in Hawaii , and concluded in June . Netflix series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes Originally released Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Daredevil 13 April 10 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 10 ) Steven S. DeKnight Released 13 March 18 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 18 ) Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez TBA 2018 ( 2018 ) Erik Oleson Filming Marvel 's Jessica Jones 13 November 20 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Melissa Rosenberg Released 13 March 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 08 ) Marvel 's Luke Cage 13 September 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 30 ) Cheo Hodari Coker 13 June 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 06 - 22 ) Preparing for release Marvel 's Iron Fist 13 March 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 17 ) Scott Buck Released TBA TBA Raven Metzner Filming Marvel 's The Defenders 8 August 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 18 ) Marco Ramirez Released Marvel 's The Punisher 13 November 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 17 ) Steve Lightfoot TBA TBA Filming By October 2013 , Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries to present to video on demand services and cable providers , with Netflix , Amazon , and WGN America expressing interest . That November , it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live - action series based on Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Iron Fist , and Luke Cage , leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders . Marvel 's Daredevil ( 2015 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Daredevil ( TV series ) Lawyer - by - day Matt Murdock uses his heightened senses from being blinded as a young boy to fight crime at night on the streets of Hell 's Kitchen as Daredevil , juxtaposed with the rise of crime lord Wilson Fisk . Murdock eventually crosses paths with Frank Castle / Punisher , a vigilante with far deadlier methods , and sees the return of his old girlfriend , Elektra Natchios . In December 2013 , Marvel confirmed that Drew Goddard would be the executive producer and showrunner for Daredevil , and would write and direct the first episode , though at the end of May 2014 , it was announced that Goddard would no longer be the showrunner for the series , being replaced by Steven S. DeKnight . Goddard , who wrote the first two episodes , remained with the show as an executive producer . It was also revealed that the series would be titled Marvel 's Daredevil . A few days later , Charlie Cox was cast as Daredevil . A second season was ordered on April 21 , 2015 , with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez taking over as showrunners from DeKnight , who could not return to the series due to a prior commitment . A third season was ordered in July 2016 , with Erik Oleson announced as the new showrunner of the series in October 2017 . The first season , which debuted in its entirety on April 10 , 2015 , features references to The Avengers and the Battle of New York , as well as mentioning Carl `` Crusher '' Creel , who appears on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The insignia for the Iron Fist antagonist Steel Serpent is also seen in the season . The second season , which premiered on March 18 , 2016 , features the motorcycle gang Dogs of Hell , who appeared on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , along with numerous references to the events of the first season of Jessica Jones . The third season is slated to be released in 2018 . In the second season , Jon Bernthal was cast in a leading role as Frank Castle / Punisher , before headlining his own series , while Michelle Hurd and Carrie - Anne Moss reprise their roles of Samantha Reyes and Jeri Hogarth from Jessica Jones . Marvel 's Jessica Jones ( 2015 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Jessica Jones ( TV series ) Melissa Rosenberg is Jessica Jones ' creator and showrunner . Former superhero Jessica Jones suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder , so she opens her own detective agency to help people . She begins to put her life back together after her encounter with Kilgrave , taking on a new case that makes her reluctantly confront her past . In November 2013 , Melissa Rosenberg was announced as the writer and executive producer of the series , and the following March , Loeb stated that filming would begin after Daredevil . In December 2014 , Krysten Ritter was cast as Jessica Jones in the series , officially titled Marvel 's Jessica Jones . A second season was ordered on January 17 , 2016 . The first season , which debuted in its entirety on November 20 , 2015 , features references to the events and characters of The Avengers . In the first season , Mike Colter was cast as Luke Cage , a recurring role in the series before headlining his own series . Rosario Dawson reprises her Daredevil role of Claire Temple , as does Royce Johnson in his role of Brett Mahoney . The second season , which was released on March 8 , 2018 , sees Elden Henson reprise his role of Franklin `` Foggy '' Nelson , as well as Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett and Tijuana Ricks as Thembi Wallace . Marvel 's Luke Cage ( 2016 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Luke Cage ( TV series ) When a sabotaged experiment gives him super strength and unbreakable skin , Luke Cage becomes a fugitive attempting to rebuild his life in Harlem , and must soon confront his past and fight a battle for the heart of his city . After clearing his name , Cage becomes a hero and celebrity in Harlem , only to encounter a new threat that makes him confront the line between hero and villain . Colter reprises his role as Carl Lucas / Luke Cage in his own series , titled Marvel 's Luke Cage . In March 2014 , Loeb stated that the series would begin filming after Iron Fist , being the fourth of the individual series . By March 2015 , it was instead slated to be the third of the individual series , beginning production after Jessica Jones . The series was switched with Iron Fist after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones , becoming that series ' breakout star and Marvel wanting to `` follow the momentum '' . Also in March , Cheo Hodari Coker was announced as showrunner and executive producer of the series . A second season was ordered on December 3 , 2016 . The first season , which premiered on September 30 , 2016 , features references to The Avengers , the second season of Daredevil , the first season of Jessica Jones , and a flier for Colleen Wing 's martial arts class , and mentions Justin Hammer , Wilson Fisk and Frank Castle . Dawson , Morgan , Rachel Taylor , Stephen Rider , Parisa Fitz - Henley , and Danny Johnson reprise their roles as Claire Temple , Turk Barrett , Trish Walker , Blake Tower , Reva Connors and Ben Donovan in the series , respectively . The second season is scheduled to be released on June 22 , 2018 . Finn Jones will reprise his role as Danny Rand in the season . Marvel 's Iron Fist ( 2017 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Iron Fist ( TV series ) Danny Rand returns to New York City , after being missing for fifteen years , to reclaim his family company . However , when a threat emerges , Rand must choose between his family 's legacy and his duties as the Iron Fist . In March 2014 , Loeb initially stated that the series would begin filming after Jessica Jones as the third of the individual series . By March 2015 , it was expected to be the fourth of the individual series , entering production following Luke Cage . The series was switched with Luke Cage after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones , becoming that series ' breakout star and Marvel wanting to `` follow the momentum '' . In April 2015 , the title of the series was revealed to be Marvel 's Iron Fist . In December 2015 , Marvel announced that Scott Buck would serve as showrunner and executive producer of the series . In February 2016 , Finn Jones was cast as Rand . A second season was revealed to be in development in July 2017 , with Raven Metzner announced as the new showrunner for the season , replacing Buck . The first season , which premiered on March 17 , 2017 , makes references to the events of The Avengers , the Hulk , Stark Industries , Jessica Jones , Daredevil , Luke Cage , and Seagate Prison , and mentions the Dogs of Hell biker gang , New York Bulletin editor - in - chief Mitchell Ellison and reporter Karen Page , Roxxon Oil and Midland Circle . Events from the second season of Daredevil are also noted throughout . Moss , Dawson , Wai Ching Ho , Marquis Rodriguez , Tijuana Ricks , and Suzanne H. Smart reprise their roles as Jeri Hogarth , Claire Temple , Gao , Darryl , Thembi Wallace , and Shirley Benson , respectively , in the series . The second season will see Simone Missick reprise her role as Misty Knight . Marvel 's the Defenders ( 2017 ) ( edit ) Main article : The Defenders ( miniseries ) The superheroes Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Luke Cage , and Iron Fist team - up in New York City . The Defenders sees Cox , Ritter , Colter , and Jones reprise their roles as Matt Murdock / Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Luke Cage , and Danny Rand / Iron Fist , respectively , from the previous television series . In March 2014 , Loeb stated that the miniseries , officially titled Marvel 's The Defenders , would begin filming after Iron Fist . In April 2016 , Marvel announced that Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez would act as showrunners for The Defenders . However , by the start of filming in New York City in October 2016 , Petrie had left the series as co-showrunner . Filming concluded in March 2017 . The eight - episode event premiered on August 18 , 2017 . The miniseries also sees many supporting characters from the individual series reprise their roles , including , Deborah Ann Woll , Henson , Scott Glenn , Élodie Yung , Eka Darville , Moss , Taylor , Simone Missick , Jessica Henwick , Dawson , Ho , Ramón Rodríguez , Peter McRobbie , Morgan , Amy Rutberg , Susan Varon , and Nichole Yannetty as Karen Page , Foggy Nelson , Stick , Elektra Natchios , Malcolm Ducasse , Jeri Hogarth , Trish Walker , Misty Knight , Colleen Wing , Claire Temple , Gao , Bakuto , Lantom , Turk Barrett , Marci Stahl , Josie and Nicole , respectively . Midland Circle , which was referenced in previous Netflix series , is revealed to be an operation of the Hand , who bought the building to search for the life substance hidden beneath the property . The miniseries also references the events of The Avengers . Marvel 's the Punisher ( 2017 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : The Punisher ( TV series ) Frank Castle is haunted and hunted after the murder of his family and becomes a vigilante known in the criminal underworld as `` the Punisher '' , who aims to fight crime by any means necessary . By January 2016 , ahead of the debut of Bernthal as armed vigilante Frank Castle / Punisher in the second season of Daredevil , Netflix was in `` very early development '' on a spin - off series titled The Punisher , and was looking for a showrunner . The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle , and was described as a stand - alone series , outside of the series leading up to The Defenders . Loeb implied that Marvel Television had not instigated the development of the spin - off and were focusing on making `` the best 13 episodes of Daredevil season two '' at the time , but did say , `` I 'm never going to discourage a network from looking at one of our characters and encouraging us to do more ... If we are lucky enough that through the writing , through the direction , through the actor that people want to see more of that person , terrific . '' In April 2016 , Marvel and Netflix ordered The Punisher , along with confirming Bernthal 's involvement and naming Steve Lightfoot as showrunner . Filming began in Brooklyn , New York in October 2016 , and concluded in April 2017 . A second season was ordered on December 12 , 2017 . In the first season , which was released on November 17 , 2017 , Woll and Morgan reprise their roles as Karen Page and Turk Barrett , respectively . Hulu series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First released Last released Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Runaways 10 November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) January 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 09 ) Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage Released 13 TBA TBA In development Marvel 's Runaways ( 2017 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Runaways ( TV series ) When six teenagers discover their parents are villains , they reluctantly unite to go against them . In August 2016 , Marvel announced Marvel 's Runaways had received a pilot order , along with additional scripts , from the streaming service Hulu , based on the team of the same name . The pilot is written by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage , who also serve as executive producers and showrunners of the series . In February 2017 , Marvel announced the cast of the Runaways , with Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder , Lyrica Okano as Nico Minoru , Virginia Gardner as Karolina Dean , Ariela Barer as Gert Yorkes , Gregg Sulkin as Chase Stein , and Allegra Acosta as Molly Hernandez . Shortly after , they announced the cast of the Pride , the parents of the Runaways , with Ryan Sands as Geoffrey Wilder , Angel Parker as Catherine Wilder , Brittany Ishibashi as Tina Minoru , James Yaegashi as Robert Minoru , Kevin Weisman as Dale Yorkes , Brigid Brannagh as Stacey Yorkes , Annie Wersching as Leslie Dean , Kip Pardue as Frank Dean , James Marsters as Victor Stein , and Ever Carradine as Janet Stein . Hulu ordered the series in May 2017 . Filming began in Los Angeles in February 2017 , and concluded in October 2017 . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , premiered on November 21 , 2017 . Hulu renewed the series for a second season on January 8 , 2018 . Tina Minoru previously appeared in Doctor Strange , in a minor role as a Master of the Mystic Arts portrayed by Linda Louise Duan . Freeform series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger 10 June 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 06 - 07 ) TBA Joe Pokaski Preparing to air Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger ( edit ) Main article : Cloak & Dagger ( TV series ) Tandy Bowen and Tyrone Johnson , two teenagers from different backgrounds , acquire superpowers while forming a romantic relationship . They soon realize that their powers work better when they are together , `` but their feelings for each other make their already complicated world even more challenging . '' In April 2016 , the ABC - owned network Freeform announced a straight - to - series order for Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger , based on the characters of the same name , calling it their `` first venture into the Marvel Cinematic Universe '' , and describing the show as a `` superhero love story '' . In January 2017 , Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph were cast as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak , respectively . Joe Pokaski serves as showrunner for the series . Filming began in New Orleans in February 2017 , and concluded in November 2017 . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , is set premiere on June 7 , 2018 . Roxxon Oil is seen in the series , as is the Darkforce , which fuels Cloak 's powers and was previously established in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Agent Carter . Other series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's New Warriors 10 2018 ( 2018 ) TBA Kevin Biegel Pre-production Marvel 's New Warriors ( edit ) Main article : New Warriors ( TV series ) Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl , Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal , Dwayne Taylor / Night Thrasher , Robbie Baldwin / Speedball , Zach Smith / Microbe , and Deborah Fields / Debrii , are superpowered young people with abilities very different from the Avengers , who want to make a positive impact in the world even if they are not quite ready to be heroes . By the end of August 2016 , Marvel Television and ABC Studios were developing a half - hour comedy series based on the New Warriors featuring Squirrel Girl , with the series being offered to cable networks and streaming outlets . In April 2017 , Freeform announced a straight - to - series order for Marvel 's New Warriors , with Kevin Biegel serving as the series ' showrunner and writing the first script . In July 2017 , the cast was revealed with Milana Vayntrub starring as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Derek Theler as Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal . In November 2017 , it was announced that the series would no longer air on Freeform and was being shopped to other networks , with Marvel intent on airing the series in 2018 . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , is set to air in 2018 , with Biegel serving as showrunner for the series . Recurring cast and characters ( edit ) Further information : List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series actors ABC series ( edit ) List indicator ( s ) This table includes recurring , main characters , who have appeared in at least two seasons and as a member of the principal ( `` main '' ) cast for at least one of those . Please see the FAQ for more information . Series seasons , within the network season , are ordered based on their premiere date . A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the season , or that the character 's presence in the season has not yet been announced . An indicates the actor had or will have a recurring role for the season . A indicates the actor made or will make a guest appearance in the season . Character 2013 -- 14 season 2014 -- 15 season 2015 -- 16 season 2016 -- 17 season 2017 -- 18 season Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 1 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 2 Agent Carter season 1 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 3 Agent Carter season 2 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 4 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 5 Lincoln Campbell Luke Mitchell Luke Mitchell Peggy Carter Hayley Atwell Hayley Atwell Hayley Atwell Phil Coulson Clark Gregg Clark Gregg Clark Gregg Leo Fitz Iain De Caestecker Iain De Caestecker Iain De Caestecker Lance Hunter Nick Blood Nick Blood Nick Blood Edwin Jarvis James D'Arcy James D'Arcy Daisy `` Skye '' Johnson Quake Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet Alphonso `` Mack '' MacKenzie Henry Simmons Henry Simmons Henry Simmons Melinda May Ming - Na Wen Ming - Na Wen Ming - Na Wen Bobbi Morse Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Palicki Holden Radcliffe John Hannah John Hannah Elena `` Yo - Yo '' Rodriguez Natalia Cordova - Buckley Natalia Cordova - Buckley Natalia Cordova - Buckley Jemma Simmons Elizabeth Henstridge Elizabeth Henstridge Elizabeth Henstridge Daniel Sousa Enver Gjokaj Enver Gjokaj Jack Thompson Chad Michael Murray Chad Michael Murray Grant Ward Brett Dalton Brett Dalton Brett Dalton Netflix series ( edit ) List indicator ( s ) This table includes recurring , main characters , who have appeared in at least two series as a member of the principal ( `` main '' ) cast for at least one of those . Please see the FAQ for more information . A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the series , or that the character 's presence in the series has not yet been announced . An indicates the actor had or will have a recurring role in the series . A indicates the actor made or will make a guest appearance in the series . Character Daredevil Jessica Jones Luke Cage Iron Fist The Defenders The Punisher Bakuto Ramón Rodríguez Luke Cage Mike Colter Mike Colter Frank Castle Punisher Jon Bernthal Jon Bernthal Malcolm Ducasse Eka Darville Eka Darville Jeri Hogarth Carrie - Anne Moss Carrie - Anne Moss Carrie - Anne Moss Jessica Jones Krysten Ritter Krysten Ritter Mercedes `` Misty '' Knight Simone Missick Simone Missick Simone Missick Matt Murdock Daredevil Charlie Cox Charlie Cox Elektra Natchios Élodie Yung Élodie Yung Franklin `` Foggy '' Nelson Elden Henson Elden Henson Elden Henson Karen Page Deborah Ann Woll Deborah Ann Woll Danny Rand Iron Fist Finn Jones Finn Jones Stick Scott Glenn Scott Glenn Claire Temple Rosario Dawson Rosario Dawson Rosario Dawson Blake Tower Stephen Rider Stephen Rider Patricia `` Trish '' Walker Rachael Taylor Rachael Taylor Rachael Taylor Colleen Wing Jessica Henwick Reception ( edit ) For more details on the reception of each series , see the `` Reception '' section on each series ' article . Ratings ( edit ) Series Season Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Total viewers ( in millions ) Last aired Total viewers ( in millions ) Average total viewers ( inc . DVR ) ( in millions ) Rank 18 -- 49 rating ( rank ) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) 12.12 May 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 05 - 13 ) 5.45 8.31 43 3.0 ( 20 ) September 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 23 ) 5.98 May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) 3.88 7.46 24 2.8 ( 11 ) September 29 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 29 ) 4.90 May 17 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 17 ) 3.03 5.52 85 2.0 ( 47 ) September 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 20 ) 3.44 May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) 2.08 4.22 110 1.5 / 6 ( 70 ) 5 December 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 08 ) 2.54 TBA TBD TBD TBD TBD Agent Carter January 6 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 06 ) 6.91 February 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 24 ) 4.02 7.61 29 2.4 ( 29 ) January 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 19 ) 3.18 March 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 01 ) 2.35 4.37 109 1.4 ( 88 ) Inhumans September 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 29 ) 3.75 November 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 10 ) 1.95 TBD TBD TBD Critical response ( edit ) Series Season Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. 85 % ( 48 reviews ) 74 ( 33 reviews ) 96 % ( 24 reviews ) N / A 100 % ( 14 reviews ) N / A 94 % ( 16 reviews ) N / A 5 100 % ( 9 reviews ) N / A Agent Carter 95 % ( 42 reviews ) 72 ( 27 reviews ) 81 % ( 16 reviews ) N / A Inhumans 10 % ( 41 reviews ) 27 ( 20 reviews ) Daredevil 98 % ( 52 reviews ) 75 ( 22 reviews ) 74 % ( 35 reviews ) 68 ( 13 reviews ) Jessica Jones 92 % ( 63 reviews ) 81 ( 32 reviews ) 88 % ( 59 reviews ) 71 ( 18 reviews ) Luke Cage 93 % ( 59 reviews ) 79 ( 30 reviews ) Iron Fist 18 % ( 60 reviews ) 37 ( 21 reviews ) The Defenders 74 % ( 81 reviews ) 63 ( 30 reviews ) The Punisher 62 % ( 55 reviews ) 55 ( 20 reviews ) Runaways 82 % ( 56 reviews ) 68 ( 22 reviews ) With the release of the second season of Daredevil , Brian Lowery of Variety felt the Netflix series `` have already leapfrogged ABC 's forays into the Marvel universe in terms of their appeal , in part by tapping into the avid fan base that supports pay models and does n't need to be spoon - fed plot points . In the process , they have demonstrated that it 's possible to deliver a credible superhero show without a lot of pyrotechnics '' . After the release of the first season of Luke Cage , The Atlantic 's David Sims wrote on the pacing issue of Marvel 's Netflix series , a common complaint to that point , stating , `` After two seasons of Daredevil , one of Jessica Jones , and now one of Luke Cage , the Netflix model feels fundamentally flawed , encouraging the kind of molasses - slow plotting comic books are designed to eschew . The problem is n't that these shows are bad , necessarily ... But they all take far too long to get going , by which point many viewers will have already tuned out . '' He felt one of the problems was the fact that Netflix does not rely on viewers tuning into a particular series as broadcast series do each week , but rather subscribers who , if they lose interest , `` can take as long as they want to catch up ... as long as they keep paying their subscription fee every month . '' The Netflix series are also afforded the opportunity to explore elements in more detail , with Sims noting `` A lot of this detail ( is ) good , but it could have been considerably compressed -- none of the Marvel Netflix series , so far , would have lost much by being squeezed into 10 episodes , or even 8 . If Netflix shaved the 60 - minute running time down quite a bit , it would likely inspire more economical -- and better -- storytelling from its shows . '' Sims concluded by saying , `` What 's most frustrating of all is that Netflix is n't getting rid of this approach anytime soon . Daredevil season three , Jessica Jones season two , Iron Fist , and The Punisher are all on their way , and each will follow the same 13 - episode structure ... The only respite may come in the form of The Defenders , a planned crossover series ... over the course of just eight episodes . Who knows ? The show might even surprise viewers and explain its villain 's motivations within the first hour . Until then , fans will be stuck needlessly giving over entire days to these series , while others are deterred from watching at all . '' In her review for the first season of Iron Fist , Allison Keene of Collider.com spoke more on the pacing of Marvel 's Netflix series , stating , `` By focusing so intently on making these series ... much more grounded in a gritty real world than what we typically expect from a superhero show ( like DC 's candy - colored ( Arrowverse ) on The CW ) , the problem is that they miss out on the key element : this should be fantastical entertainment . '' With The Defenders , Jeff Jansen of Entertainment Weekly felt many improvements were made to the general complaints the previous seasons received . He said , `` The Defenders is far from perfect . But it 's an enjoyable superhero adventure distinguished by improvements and innovations that I hope Marvel will carry forward . Shorter seasons . More team - ups . Fewer shows . Start the consolidation by letting go of Iron Fist . If Danny Rand must persist , add him to the other shows and let the stronger players carry him . '' Potential projects ( edit ) Marvel 's Damage Control ( edit ) Further information : Damage Control ( comics ) § Live action The show follows the overworked , underpaid , clean up crew of the Marvel Cinematic Universe , who specialize in dealing with the aftermath of superhero conflicts , rescheduling events because of the conflicts , and retrieving lost items . In October 2015 , ABC ordered a put pilot for a half - hour live - action comedy series Marvel 's Damage Control , based on the comics construction company of the same name . The series is being developed by Ben Karlin for ABC Studios and Marvel Television , with Karlin also writing the script for the project and serving as executive producer . In January 2016 , ABC Entertainment president Paul Lee said Damage Control was `` going to be coming out this season , '' seemingly implying it would air in the 2016 -- 17 television season . Other ( edit ) Marvel has been working with screenwriter John Ridley since mid-April 2015 to craft a new television series , `` reinventing '' an existing Marvel character or property . In January 2016 , Ridley confirmed that the project was `` still in development '' . He stated that he was looking to `` bring some of the socially conscious nature '' of Jessica Jones and his series American Crime to the show , while also creating something that is `` straight entertainment '' . A year later , Channing Dungey revealed that Ridley 's project was still progressing , with Ridley working on a rewrite of his script . Ridley added that the rewrite was not because `` anything did n't work the first time around '' , but rather trying to make sure the series does something viewers have not necessarily seen before in a superhero television series , hoping it would occupy `` a space that is not currently being filled '' by Marvel . He also stated that he hoped to create the series `` in the near term . '' By August 2017 , Dungey was `` not sure '' if Ridley was still working on the project . In January 2016 , Lee announced that ABC Studios was developing a second comedy series with Marvel in hope it would air on ABC , while Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated that `` all the characters in the universe could also spin out '' into their own series at some point . That May , Dungey said that there were `` a handful of projects in development '' , after passing on Most Wanted and canceling Agent Carter , and that Marvel and ABC were looking `` at series that would be beneficial to both brands . '' By November 2017 , Disney was developing a Marvel series specifically for release on its new streaming service , which it planned to launch before the end of 2019 . In January 2018 , Dungey noted Marvel and ABC `` tried a few things that have n't worked out as well as we would 've liked . We developed a couple things this season that we do n't think are going to end up going forward , so we 're going to look really carefully about what we do next , because the idea for us is to come up with something that works very well for both Marvel and ABC , so we 're going to continue to try there . '' Abandoned projects ( edit ) Main article : Most Wanted ( TV pilot ) By April 2015 , Marvel was developing a spinoff series of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The series , which was being developed by Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell and writer Paul Zbyszewski , would be based on storylines occurring at the end of the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and would receive its own pilot rather than a backdoor pilot . Adrianne Palicki and Nick Blood entered into discussions to headline the potential new series as their characters Bobbi Morse and Lance Hunter , respectively . By May 7 , 2015 , when ABC announced their series renewals and cancellations , and new series pickups , the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff was passed on . In August 2015 , the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff series received new life as a reworked series , titled Marvel 's Most Wanted , with a pilot order . Bell and Zbyszewski once again developed the series , while also serving as co-writers of the pilot , executive producers , and showrunners , with Jeph Loeb also attached as executive producer . The series would still focus on Morse and Hunter , with Palicki and Blood both attached , and was described as `` a new take focusing on the same duo and their continuing adventures . '' In May 2016 , the series was passed on by ABC once again . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : Littleton , Cynthia ( August 28 , 2012 ) . `` ABC orders Marvel ' S.H.I.E.L.D ' pilot '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 29 , 2012 . Retrieved August 29 , 2012 . 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Series Premiere Date Announced '' . ABC Studios . Archived from the original on September 25 , 2013 . Retrieved September 24 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( November 1 , 2013 ) . `` ' Agents of SHIELD ' doing ' Thor ' crossover directed by Jonathan Frakes '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on March 12 , 2014 . Retrieved December 15 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( November 21 , 2013 ) . `` ' Agents of SHIELD ' will get a ' Captain America : The Winter Soldier ' crossover too '' . Zap2it . Archived from the original on March 12 , 2014 . Retrieved December 15 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Truitt , Brian ( April 6 , 2014 ) . `` Film reveal retools TV 's ' Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2014 . Retrieved April 6 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( July 15 , 2014 ) . `` ABC Announces Fall Premiere Dates '' . TV By the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on July 15 , 2014 . Retrieved July 15 , 2014 . 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' on ABC '' . Marvel.com . June 26 , 2015 . Archived from the original on June 27 , 2015 . Retrieved June 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Prudom , Laura ( June 26 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Secret Warriors ' Are Coming to ' Agents of SHIELD ' -- and Comic - Con ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on June 27 , 2015 . Retrieved June 27 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Goldman , Eric ( May 17 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Agents of SHIELD : `` Ascension '' Review `` . IGN . Archived from the original on May 18 , 2016 . Retrieved May 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Stanhope , Kate ( June 28 , 2016 ) . `` ABC Announces Fall Premiere Dates '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2016 . Retrieved June 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( July 22 , 2016 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. adds Gabriel Luna as Ghost Rider '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 24 , 2016 . Retrieved July 22 , 2016 . 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' Breaks the ' Laws of Nature , ' Gets Inhumanly Good in Season 3 '' . Screen Crush . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2015 . Retrieved September 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( October 15 , 2015 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. adds Powers Boothe in ' incredibly menacing ' role '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2015 . Retrieved October 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( May 10 , 2014 ) . `` First Details on Marvel 's Agent Carter '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on May 10 , 2014 . Retrieved May 10 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Cavanaugh , Patrick ( October 27 , 2014 ) . `` See What 's in Store for Marvel 's Agent Carter in the Official Series Synopsis '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on October 28 , 2014 . Retrieved October 27 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Abrams , Natalie ; Hibberd , James ( May 12 , 2015 ) . `` Agent Carter moving to a new city in season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . 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Archived from the original on October 9 , 2015 . Retrieved October 10 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Damore , Meagan ( April 5 , 2017 ) . `` New Inhumans Synopsis Teases Military Coup , Royal Family in Hawaii '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( February 28 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Inhumans ' : ' Hell On Wheels ' Anson Mount To Star As Black Bolt In ABC Series '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on February 28 , 2017 . Retrieved February 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( November 21 , 2016 ) . `` Why ABC 's Deal to Bring Marvel 's ' The Inhumans ' to Imax Is a `` Quadruple Win '' `` . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2016 . Retrieved November 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( November 14 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel , ABC Set ' The Inhumans ' TV Series '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 15 , 2016 . Retrieved November 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Barnes , Brooks ( November 14 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Inhumans ' TV Series Will Arrive via Imax Theaters '' . The New York Times . Archived from the original on November 15 , 2016 . Retrieved November 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Shimogawa , Duane ( February 8 , 2017 ) . `` Disney , Marvel head to Hawaii to film ' Marvel : The Inhumans ' IMAX movie and TV series '' . The Business Journals . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2017 . Retrieved February 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Iwan Rheon ( @ @ iwanrheon ) ( June 12 , 2017 ) . `` Thank you Hawai'i and to the beautiful Hawai'ians . Yes , you to Kāne ! I 'll never be the same again . Hang loose 🤙 🤙 🏻 🤙 🏼 🤙 🏽 🤙 🏾 🤙 🏿 # Inhumans '' ( Tweet ) . Archived from the original on June 13 , 2017 . Retrieved June 15 , 2017 -- via Twitter . ^ Jump up to : `` Steven S. DeKnight Joins ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . May 24 , 2014 . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2014 . Retrieved May 24 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Cavanaugh , Patrick ( April 21 , 2015 ) . `` Netflix Orders a Second Season of ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on April 22 , 2015 . Retrieved April 21 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Dinh , Christine ( October 25 , 2017 ) . `` Vincent D'Onofrio Returns As Wilson Fisk In Season 3 Of ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2017 . Retrieved October 25 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Couch , Aaron ( November 12 , 2013 ) . `` Melissa Rosenberg to Oversee Marvel 's Jessica Jones Series for Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2014 . Retrieved February 6 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Spangler , Todd ( March 31 , 2015 ) . `` Netflix , Marvel Pick ' Luke Cage ' Showrunner , Cheo Hodari Coker '' . Variety . Archived from the original on March 31 , 2015 . Retrieved March 31 , 2015 . 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Retrieved July 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( July 22 , 2017 ) . `` Iron Fist changing showrunners for season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2017 . Retrieved July 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Li , Shirley ( January 13 , 2017 ) . `` The Defenders EP talks juggling four heroes -- and the ' crisis ' that unites them '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2017 . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( April 29 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's The Punisher spin - off ordered by Netflix '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 29 , 2016 . Retrieved April 29 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( December 12 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Punisher ' Renewed For Season 2 By Netflix '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on December 13 , 2017 . Retrieved December 12 , 2017 . 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Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2016 . Retrieved January 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Drew Goddard Joins Daredevil on Netflix '' . Marvel.com . December 6 , 2013 . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2014 . Retrieved December 6 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : `` Charlie Cox to Star in ' Daredevil ' TV Series for Marvel and Netflix '' . Variety . May 27 , 2014 . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2014 . Retrieved May 27 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ; Bucksbaum , Sydney ( July 21 , 2016 ) . `` Comic - Con : ' Daredevil ' Renewed for Third Season at Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2016 . Retrieved July 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( January 7 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel & Netflix Announce Release Date for Marvel 's Daredevil '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2015 . Retrieved January 7 , 2015 . 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Archived from the original on June 9 , 2015 . Retrieved June 9 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( November 19 , 2014 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Jessica Jones ' : Krysten Ritter , Alexandra Daddario , Teresa Palmer , Marin Ireland , Jessica De Gouw Testing For Lead '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on November 20 , 2014 . Retrieved November 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Li , Shirley ( December 9 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Netflix announces season 2 premiere date , releases first teaser '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on December 28 , 2017 . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Marvel TV head : ' Daredevil ' starts shooting in July , ' Jessica Jones ' next up '' . HitFix . March 24 , 2014 . Archived from the original on March 25 , 2014 . Retrieved March 25 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( December 4 , 2014 ) . `` Krysten Ritter Nabs Lead In Marvel 's ' Jessica Jones ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . 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Retrieved November 23 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Marc ( December 22 , 2014 ) . `` Mike Colter to Star as Luke Cage in Marvel 's A.K.A. Jessica Jones '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2014 . Retrieved December 22 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Boone , John ( July 30 , 2015 ) . `` ' Jessica Jones ' Showrunner Teases a Super Suit for Krysten Ritter , Confirms ' Daredevil ' Crossover '' . Entertainment Tonight . Archived from the original on July 31 , 2015 . Retrieved July 31 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dyce , Andrew ( November 23 , 2015 ) . `` Jessica Jones Easter Eggs , Marvel Connections , & Comic Nods '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on November 24 , 2015 . Retrieved November 24 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Ramos , Dino - Ray ( December 9 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Jessica Jones ' : Season 2 Premiere Date Set For Netflix Superhero Series '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on December 9 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Drum , Nicole ( March 11 , 2018 ) . `` ' Jessica Jones ' Season 2 's ' Daredevil ' Connection Revealed '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Siede , Caroline ( March 9 , 2018 ) . `` Jessica Jones ' penultimate episode has deadly ( and non-deadly ) consequences '' . The A.V. Club . Archived from the original on March 13 , 2018 . Retrieved March 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( September 15 , 2015 ) . `` Alfre Woodard Joins ' Marvel 's Luke Cage ' for Netflix '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on September 16 , 2015 . Retrieved September 15 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Terri ( September 30 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Luke Cage Episode 4 : `` Step In The Arena '' Review `` . IGN . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2016 . Retrieved October 2 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : White , Brett ( March 31 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel Names `` Southland '' Producer Hodari Coker As `` Luke Cage '' Showrunner `` . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 1 , 2015 . Retrieved April 1 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Walzer , Graham ( September 27 , 2016 ) . `` Mike Colter , Luke Cage , and the `` Wu - Tang - ification '' of the Marvel Universe `` . Complex . Archived from the original on September 28 , 2016 . Retrieved September 28 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Stedman , Alex ( December 4 , 2016 ) . `` ' Luke Cage ' Renewed for Season 2 on Netflix '' . Variety . Archived from the original on December 4 , 2016 . Retrieved December 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( March 11 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Luke Cage To Debut On Netflix On September 30th '' . ComicBook.com . Archived from the original on March 11 , 2016 . 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Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Gallaway , Lauren ( October 4 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Iron Fist Announces Release Date '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2016 . Retrieved October 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( February 25 , 2016 ) . `` Game of Thrones actor Finn Jones to play Iron Fist '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on February 25 , 2016 . Retrieved February 25 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Marc ( March 17 , 2016 ) . `` Finn Jones to Star in the Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Iron Fist ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on March 17 , 2016 . Retrieved March 17 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Commandeur , Jordan ( March 25 , 2017 ) . `` Iron Fist : 15 Easter Eggs And References '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on March 26 , 2017 . Retrieved March 26 , 2017 . 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Archived from the original on October 9 , 2016 . Retrieved October 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Farokhmanesh , Megan ( February 7 , 2017 ) . `` Watch Iron Fist punch his way out of trouble with magical martial arts '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on February 7 , 2017 . Retrieved February 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Vejvoda , Jim ( March 17 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's Iron Fist Episode 2 : `` Shadow Hawk Takes Flight '' Review `` . IGN . Archived from the original on May 8 , 2017 . Retrieved March 19 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Vejvoda , Jim ( March 17 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Iron Fist : Game Of Thrones ' Finn Jones Cast In Title Role Of Netflix Series '' . IGN . Archived from the original on February 26 , 2016 . Retrieved March 17 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Marc ( April 15 , 2015 ) . `` Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's The Defenders ' Finds Its Showrunners '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on April 15 , 2016 . Retrieved April 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( October 31 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's The Defenders : Krysten Ritter Spotted On Set '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on November 1 , 2016 . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Perry , Spencer ( November 1 , 2016 ) . `` Jessica Jones Meets Misty Knight in First Defenders Set Photos ! '' . ComingSoon.net . Archived from the original on November 1 , 2016 . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( March 19 , 2017 ) . `` The Defenders Has Finished Filming '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on March 20 , 2017 . Retrieved March 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Boone , Josh ( July 25 , 2016 ) . `` EXCLUSIVE : Marvel 's Head of TV Reveals How ' The Defenders ' Will Be Different From ' The Avengers ' '' . Entertainment Tonight . Archived from the original on July 28 , 2016 . Retrieved July 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Romano , Nick ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's The Defenders gets premiere date in new teaser '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Perry , Spencer ( October 31 , 2016 ) . `` Deborah Ann Woll Confirmed to Appear in Marvel 's The Defenders '' . ComingSoon.net . Archived from the original on October 31 , 2016 . Retrieved October 31 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Hill , Jacob ( November 1 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix 's Defenders Cast Grows By Three '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2016 . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Perry , Spencer ( November 2 , 2016 ) . `` Scott Glenn , Rachael Taylor , and Rosario Dawson Confirmed for The Defenders '' . ComingSoon.net . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2016 . Retrieved November 2 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Li , Shirley ( November 7 , 2016 ) . `` The Defenders : Elodie Yung to return as Elektra -- exclusive '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2016 . Retrieved November 7 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Nilma , Carina ( April 15 , 2016 ) . `` Interview : Eka Darville Chats About The Convention Experience , Marvel 's Jessica Jones , And What He Learned From Cast Mates David Tennant And Krysten Ritter '' . The Iris AU Review . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2016 . Retrieved April 15 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Ge , Linda ( September 28 , 2016 ) . `` ' Luke Cage ' Star Reveals Misty Knight Will Appear in ' The Defenders ' ( Exclusive ) '' . TheWrap . Archived from the original on September 29 , 2016 . Retrieved September 29 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Mueller , Matthew ( November 3 , 2016 ) . `` Colleen Wing Joins Defenders And Debuts New Footage '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on November 4 , 2016 . Retrieved November 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Collura , Scott ( July 21 , 2017 ) . `` Comic - Con 2017 : The Defenders - We Just Saw The First Episode '' . IGN . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2017 . 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Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Li , Shirley ( August 18 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's The Defenders postmortem : Showrunner answers burning questions '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2017 . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Punisher Netflix Series Updates : Is Jon Bernthal Filming Now ? '' . Den of Geek . October 3 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2016 . Retrieved October 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( January 16 , 2016 ) . `` Punisher Spinoff Starring Jon Bernthal in Development at Netflix '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on January 16 , 2016 . Retrieved January 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Leslie ( January 16 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix Plotting ' Punisher ' Spinoff Starring Jon Bernthal '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on January 16 , 2016 . Retrieved January 17 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( January 17 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix open to more Marvel shows : Any character could get spin - off '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2016 . Retrieved January 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Topel , Fred ( January 18 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel TV 's Jeph Loeb on a Possible ' Punisher ' Spinoff and Elektra 's Relationship With Daredevil '' . / Film . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2016 . Retrieved January 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( October 3 , 2016 ) . `` The Punisher Netflix Series Begins Filming ; Set Photos Show Bearded Frank Castle '' . ScreenRant . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2016 . Retrieved October 3 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hill , Jacob ( April 10 , 2017 ) . `` Netflix 's The Punisher Wraps Production '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 10 , 2017 . Retrieved April 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( October 19 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's The Punisher ' Gets November Premiere Date & Trailer On Netflix '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on October 19 , 2017 . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` A Daredevil Series Character Appears on The Punisher Set '' . SuperheroHype ! . October 6 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2016 . Retrieved October 6 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( September 15 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's The Punisher Will Include a Turk Appearance '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on September 15 , 2017 . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( August 17 , 2016 ) . `` Hulu Orders ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Series From Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on August 17 , 2016 . Retrieved August 17 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Leslie ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` ' Runaways , ' ' Future Man ' Score Second Season Renewals at Hulu '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2018 . Retrieved January 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( February 2 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Finds Its Cast '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 2 , 2017 . Retrieved February 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dinh , Christine ( February 9 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Sets Remaining Cast For Television Project With Hulu '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2017 . Retrieved February 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( May 3 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Runaways , ' From ' The O.C. ' Creators , Ordered to Series at Hulu '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2017 . Retrieved May 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ James Marsters ( @ JamesMarstersOf ) ( February 10 , 2017 ) . `` Here 's the sitch . I 'm filming Marvel 's ' Runaways ' ! Set photos are strictly forbidden , but I snuck this pic of the carpet in my trailer ... '' ( Tweet ) . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2017 . Retrieved February 11 , 2017 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Kincaid , Rhiannon ( January 7 , 2017 ) . `` Working Titles For Black Panther , Runaways , and Cloak & Dagger Revealed '' . MCUExchange . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2017 . Retrieved January 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Hood , Cooper ( October 21 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's Runaways Has Wrapped Filming '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on October 21 , 2017 . Retrieved October 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Evans , Greg ( July 20 , 2017 ) . `` Hulu Sets Fall Premieres : Slate Includes ' Mindy Project ' , ' Marvel 's Runaways ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on July 20 , 2017 . Retrieved July 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Couto , Anthony ( July 6 , 2016 ) . `` '' Doctor Strange '' Prequel Comic Hints At Movie Secrets , Introduces Another Marvel Villain `` . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved July 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( August 17 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel And Hulu Announce Runaways TV Series '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on August 19 , 2016 . Retrieved August 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Former Colchester schoolgirl lands role in latest Marvel blockbuster '' . Clacton Gazette . October 24 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2016 . Retrieved October 24 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Dredge , Stuart ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` MIP Drama pre-LA Screenings showcase : Marvel , Marc Cherry , Candy Crush and more '' . MIPTrends . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Evans , Greg ( January 18 , 2018 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger ' : Freeform Releases Footage , Sets Premiere Date '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2018 . Retrieved January 19 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( November 11 , 2016 ) . `` Freeform 's Fraught Year : Inside the Rebranded Network 's Chase for Millennials ( and a Hit Show ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 11 , 2016 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( April 7 , 2016 ) . `` Freeform Greenlights Marvel Romance Superhero Series ' Cloak and Dagger ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on April 7 , 2016 . Retrieved April 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Freeform Continues to Grow Its Programming Slate with New Series , Pilots , Returning Series and More '' . The Futon Critic. April 7 , 2016 . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2016 . Retrieved April 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( January 30 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger ' : Olivia Holt & Aubrey Joseph Land Title Roles In Series For Freeform '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on January 30 , 2017 . Retrieved January 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Louisiana Economic Development ( February 8 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel Selects Louisiana For New Television Series '' ( Press release ) . Louisiana Economic Development . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2017 . Retrieved February 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Sobon , Nicole ( November 4 , 2017 ) . `` Cloak and Dagger Season 1 Wraps Filming '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cave , Rob ( April 21 , 2017 ) . `` Cloak And Dagger Offers A Glimpse Of A Wider Marvel Cinematic Universe '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 23 , 2017 . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bacon , Thomas ( March 12 , 2018 ) . `` Cloak & Dagger Early Reactions Praise Marvel 's Newest TV Show '' . Screen Rant . Archived from the original on March 12 , 2018 . Retrieved March 12 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesly ( April 5 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' New Warriors , ' With Squirrel Girl , Ordered Straight - to - Series at Freeform ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 5 , 2017 . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Truitt , Brian ( April 19 , 2017 ) . `` Exclusive sneak peek : Squirrel Girl leads the team of Freeform 's ' New Warriors ' '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( August 30 , 2016 ) . `` Squirrel Girl on TV ? Marvel Developing New Warriors Comedy Series '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on August 31 , 2016 . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Morse , Ben ( April 19 , 2017 ) . `` Freeform Announces Characters For ' Marvel 's New Warriors ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on April 20 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( July 10 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' New Warriors ' Sets Its Cast -- Including Squirrel Girl ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 10 , 2017 . Retrieved July 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( November 1 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' New Warriors ' Wo n't Air on Freeform , Series Will Be Shopped Elsewhere ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on March 12 , 2014 . Retrieved November 1 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cavanaugh , Patrick ( March 20 , 2015 ) . `` Declassifying ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' : Afterlife '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2015 . Retrieved March 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Luke Mitchell Joins ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' as Series Regular '' . Marvel.com . June 1 , 2015 . Archived from the original on June 1 , 2015 . Retrieved June 1 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` ABC 's `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. '' Star Natalia Cordova - Buckley Upped to Series Regular for Season Five of Hit Series '' ( Press release ) . The Futon Critic . October 5 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( November 13 , 2012 ) . `` Joss Whedon 's ' S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Pilot Adds Two Agents ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2012 . Retrieved November 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( July 25 , 2014 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Reveals New Characters , Carter Adds Captain Directors '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on July 26 , 2014 . Retrieved July 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( September 8 , 2017 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Nick Blood returning as Lance Hunter '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on September 8 , 2017 . Retrieved September 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Abrams , Natalie ( June 30 , 2015 ) . `` Agent Carter : James D'Arcy , Enver Gjokaj returning for season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 1 , 2015 . Retrieved July 1 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( December 19 , 2012 ) . `` Joss Whedon 's ' S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Pilot Enlists ' Nashville ' Actress ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on December 19 , 2012 . Retrieved December 19 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( December 10 , 2014 ) . `` Debriefing the Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Winter Finale '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on December 10 , 2014 . Retrieved December 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bucksbaum , Sydney ( May 17 , 2016 ) . `` ' Agents of SHIELD ' Bosses Talk Finale Deaths , Time Jump and Agent Carter 's Future in the MCU '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 18 , 2016 . Retrieved May 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( August 7 , 2014 ) . `` Henry Simmons Joins Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. '' Marvel.com . Archived from the original on August 9 , 2014 . Retrieved August 7 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( June 4 , 2015 ) . `` Henry Simmons Re-Enlists With ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' as Series Regular '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on June 5 , 2015 . Retrieved June 5 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( October 24 , 2012 ) . `` Ming - Na To Star In Joss Whedon 's ABC Pilot ' Marvel 's S.H.I.E.L.D. ' '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2012 . Retrieved October 24 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ( # 319 ) `` Failed Experiments '' `` . The Futon Critic . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2016 . Retrieved April 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Damore , Meagan ( July 29 , 2016 ) . `` '' Agents Of SHIELD '' Reveals Ghost Rider Details , Talk Up The New Director & More `` . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on July 29 , 2016 . Retrieved July 29 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Knox - Smith , Michael ( September 21 , 2016 ) . `` Agents of SHIELD : Season Four Premiere ' The Ghost ' ( Review ) '' . Mike 's Film Talk . Archived from the original on September 22 , 2016 . Retrieved September 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( February 16 , 2016 ) . `` EXCLUSIVE : Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Casts Natalia Cordova - Buckley As Slingshot '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on February 16 , 2016 . Retrieved February 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Birnbaum , Debra ( March 21 , 2017 ) . `` ' Agents of Shield ' Star Natalia Cordova - Buckley Joins ' Bates Motel ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on July 31 , 2017 . Retrieved July 31 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Patten , Dominic ( October 5 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Ups Natalia Cordova - Buckley To Series Regular For Season 5 -- NY Comic - Con '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Marvel 's Agent Carter Casts 2 Key Roles '' . Marvel.com . August 29 , 2014 . Archived from the original on August 29 , 2014 . Retrieved August 29 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( July 10 , 2015 ) . `` Agent Carter bosses preview glamorous and gritty season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 11 , 2015 . Retrieved July 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( November 27 , 2012 ) . `` Exclusive : Joss Whedon 's Red - Hot S.H.I.E.L.D. Pilot Adds ' Deadly ' New Agent '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on November 29 , 2012 . Retrieved November 27 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( February 21 , 2017 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. welcomes back original cast member '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2017 . Retrieved February 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Polo , Susana ( March 20 , 2017 ) . `` Who the heck is Iron Fist 's Bakuto ? '' . Polygon . Archived from the original on March 25 , 2017 . Retrieved March 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( February 19 , 2015 ) . `` Three More Join Marvel 's A.K.A. Jessica Jones for Netflix '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 19 , 2015 . Retrieved February 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Riesman , Abraham ( October 11 , 2015 ) . `` Jessica Jones Has Hot Sex and Nuanced Sexuality ( Especially for a Marvel Show ) '' . Vulture . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2015 . Retrieved October 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Luke Cage ' Adds to the Cast '' . Marvel.com . September 16 , 2015 . Archived from the original on September 16 , 2015 . Retrieved September 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Elodie Yung Cast as Elektra in the Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . July 7 , 2015 . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2015 . Retrieved July 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Elden Henson Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . June 26 , 2014 . Archived from the original on June 26 , 2014 . Retrieved June 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( July 17 , 2014 ) . `` ' True Blood ' Star to Romance ' Daredevil ' for Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 17 , 2014 . Retrieved July 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Scott Glenn Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . September 15 , 2014 . Archived from the original on September 15 , 2014 . Retrieved September 15 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Rosario Dawson Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . June 20 , 2014 . Archived from the original on June 20 , 2014 . Retrieved June 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( September 3 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Daredevil ' Casts Stephen Rider As New Regular For Season 2 '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on September 4 , 2015 . Retrieved September 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Rachael Taylor the Latest to Join Marvel 's A.K.A. Jessica Jones '' . Marvel.com . January 29 , 2015 . Archived from the original on January 29 , 2015 . Retrieved January 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 1 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Iron Fist casts The Force Awakens actress in lead role '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 1 , 2016 . Retrieved April 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 25 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' The Voice ' & ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Goldbergs ' & ' Chicago Fire ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2014 . Retrieved September 26 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 14 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' & ' The Goldbergs ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Originals ' , ' Supernatural ' & ' About A Boy ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2014 . Retrieved May 14 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Full 2013 -- 2014 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline Hollywood . May 22 , 2014 . Archived from the original on May 25 , 2014 . Retrieved May 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 24 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' Forever ' , ' The Voice ' , and ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Up ; ' Chicago Fire ' & ' Person of Interest ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on September 25 , 2014 . Retrieved September 24 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 13 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Flash ' , ' NCIS ' , & ' American Idol ' Adjusted Up ; ' iZombie ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved May 13 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Bibel , Sara ( June 8 , 2015 ) . `` Live + 7 Ratings : Complete 2014 -- 15 Season ' The Big Bang Theory ' Leads Adults 18 -- 49 Ratings Increase ; ' The Messengers ' Earns Biggest Percentage Increase , ' The Blacklist ' Tops Viewership Gains '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on June 27 , 2015 . Retrieved June 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dixon , Dani ( September 30 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' + ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' Best Time Ever ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2015 . Retrieved September 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 18 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' NCIS ' and ' Chicago Fire ' finales adjust up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on May 19 , 2016 . Retrieved May 18 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : de Moraes , Lisa ( May 26 , 2016 ) . `` Full 2015 -- 16 TV Season Series Rankings : ' Blindspot ' , ' Life In Pieces ' & ' Quantico ' Lead Newcomers '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2016 . Retrieved May 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( September 21 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' NCIS , ' ' Brooklyn Nine - Nine ' adjust up , ' This Is Us ' & ' Bull ' steady '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on September 23 , 2016 . Retrieved September 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 17 , 2017 ) . `` ' NCIS ' finale and ' Bull ' adjust up , ' The Middle ' adjusts down : Tuesday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on May 17 , 2017 . Retrieved May 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ de Moraes , Lisa ( May 26 , 2017 ) . `` Final 2016 - 17 TV Rankings : ' Sunday Night Football ' Winning Streak Continues '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2017 . Retrieved May 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( December 4 , 2017 ) . `` ' Blue Bloods ' and ' The Exorcist ' adjust down : Friday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on December 4 , 2017 . Retrieved December 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( January 8 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : No Adjustments to ' Agent Carter ' , ' Person of Interest ' or ' Forever ' '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved January 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( February 25 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' Adjusted Up ; ' NCIS ' , ' NCIS : New Orleans ' , ' Fresh Off the Boat ' , ' New Girl ' & ' TV 's Hottest Commercials ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved February 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( January 21 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' Chicago Fire ' and ' Hollywood Game Night ' adjust up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on January 21 , 2016 . Retrieved January 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( March 2 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' New Girl ' adjusts up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 2 , 2016 . Retrieved March 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( October 2 , 2017 ) . `` ' Hell 's Kitchen ' premiere adjusts up : Friday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2017 . Retrieved October 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 13 , 2017 ) . `` ' Hawaii Five - 0 , ' ' Hell 's Kitchen , ' everything else unchanged : Friday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on November 14 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 1 ( 2013 -- 2014 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D -- Season 1 Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved August 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 2 ( 2014 -- 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 3 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 4 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 5 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agent Carter : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Agent Carter : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved January 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agent Carter : Season 2 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Inhumans : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved November 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Inhumans : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved October 16 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved April 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 2 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 2 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved March 26 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved November 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 2 ( 2018 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved March 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 2 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved March 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Luke Cage : Season 1 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved March 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Luke Cage : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Iron Fist : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved March 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Iron Fist : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved March 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Defenders : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved March 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Defenders : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Punisher : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Punisher : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved March 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Runaways : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Runaways : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved December 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lowery , Brian ( February 24 , 2016 ) . `` TV Review : ' Marvel 's Daredevil , ' Season 2 '' . Variety . Archived from the original on February 24 , 2016 . Retrieved February 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Sims , David ( October 6 , 2016 ) . `` The Biggest Problem With Netflix 's Comic - Book Shows '' . The Atlantic . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2017 . Retrieved March 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Keene , Allison ( March 8 , 2017 ) . `` ' Iron Fist ' Review : Come for the Fights , Stay ... for the Corporate Litigation ? '' . Collider.com . Archived from the original on March 9 , 2017 . Retrieved March 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Jansen , Jeff ( August 10 , 2017 ) . `` Netflix 's The Defenders proves the power of team - ups , shorter seasons : EW review '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on August 11 , 2017 . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( October 2 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel Comics ' Damage Control ' Adapted As Comedy TV Series By ABC '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2015 . Retrieved October 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stanhope , Kate ( October 2 , 2015 ) . `` ABC Prepping Marvel Comedy ' Damage Control ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on October 3 , 2015 . Retrieved October 3 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Terri ( January 11 , 2016 ) . `` Second Marvel Comedy In Development At ABC '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2016 . Retrieved January 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 17 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel teaming with John Ridley for mysterious superhero project -- exclusive '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2015 . Retrieved April 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( January 9 , 2016 ) . `` John Ridley 's Marvel Series is `` Still Very Much Alive '' `` . IGN . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2016 . Retrieved January 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Rice , Lynette ( January 10 , 2017 ) . `` ABC chief addresses Scandal - free fall lineup and the future of OUAT '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2017 . Retrieved January 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( January 10 , 2017 ) . `` John Ridley Promises Marvel TV Project Is A ' Unique ' Take On Superhero Genre '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2017 . Retrieved January 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ge , Linda ( August 6 , 2017 ) . `` ABC President `` Not Sure '' If John Ridley Marvel Project Is Still Happening `` . The Tracking Board . Archived from the original on August 10 , 2017 . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rose , Lacey ( May 17 , 2016 ) . `` ABC Entertainment Chief Talks ' Castle 's ' Demise , Shonda Rhimes ' Future and More Marvel '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 17 , 2016 . Retrieved May 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Littleton , Cynthia ( November 9 , 2017 ) . `` New ' Star Wars ' Trilogy in Works With Rian Johnson , TV Series Also Coming to Disney Streaming Service '' . Variety . Archived from the original on November 10 , 2017 . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ; Hibberd , James ( January 8 , 2018 ) . `` ABC boss ' cautiously optimistic ' about S.H.I.E.L.D. , Once Upon a Time futures '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 9 , 2018 . Retrieved January 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 9 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel developing Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff for ABC -- exclusive '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 9 , 2015 . Retrieved April 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( April 20 , 2015 ) . `` Adrianne Palick & Nick Blood Eyed To Topline Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Spinoff '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on April 21 , 2015 . Retrieved April 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 7 , 2015 ) . `` ' Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Spinoff Not Going Forward At ABC '' . Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on May 8 , 2015 . Retrieved May 8 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( August 20 , 2015 ) . `` Adrianne Palicki , Nick Blood to Star in Marvel Pilot for ABC '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( August 20 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's Mockingbird Series Starring Adrianne Palicki Lands ABC Pilot Order ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( May 12 , 2016 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Most Wanted ' Not Going Forward at ABC '' . Variety . Archived from the original on May 13 , 2016 . Retrieved May 13 , 2016 . 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Man - Thing See also Marvel Television List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Marvel Cinematic Universe portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_television_series&oldid=833254645 '' Categories : Marvel Cinematic Universe television programs Marvel Cinematic Universe lists Hidden categories : All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from January 2017 Featured lists Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Polski Português Suomi 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 30 March 2018 , at 14 : 10 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does the next netflix marvel show come out | ["\n\nSeries\nSeason\nEpisodes\nOriginally released\nShowrunner(s)\nStatus\n\n\nMarvel's Daredevil\n\n1\n13\nApril 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)\nSteven S. DeKnight[76]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2\n13\nMarch 18, 2016 (2016-03-18)\nDoug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[77]\n\n\n\n3\nTBA\n2018 (2018)[78]\nErik Oleson[78]\nFilming\n\n\nMarvel's Jessica Jones\n\n1\n13\nNovember 20, 2015 (2015-11-20)\nMelissa Rosenberg[79]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2\n13\nMarch 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)\n\n\nMarvel's Luke Cage\n\n1\n13\nSeptember 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)\nCheo Hodari Coker[80]\n\n\n\n2\n13[81]\nJune 22, 2018 (2018-06-22)[82]\nPreparing for release\n\n\nMarvel's Iron Fist\n\n1\n13\nMarch 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)\nScott Buck[83]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2[84]\nTBA\nTBA\nRaven Metzner[85]\nFilming\n\n\nMarvel's The Defenders\n\n1\n8\nAugust 18, 2017 (2017-08-18)\nMarco Ramirez[86]\nReleased\n\n\nMarvel's The Punisher\n\n1\n13\nNovember 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)\nSteve Lightfoot[87]\n\n\n\n2[88]\nTBA\nTBA\nFilming\n\n"] | ['June 22, 2018'] |
Series
Season
Episodes
Originally released
Showrunner(s)
Status
Marvel's Daredevil
1
13
April 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)
Steven S. DeKnight[76]
Released
2
13
March 18, 2016 (2016-03-18)
Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[77]
3
TBA
2018 (2018)[78]
Erik Oleson[78]
Filming
Marvel's Jessica Jones
1
13
November 20, 2015 (2015-11-20)
Melissa Rosenberg[79]
Released
2
13
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)
Marvel's Luke Cage
1
13
September 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)
Cheo Hodari Coker[80]
2
13[81]
June 22, 2018 (2018-06-22)[82]
Preparing for release
Marvel's Iron Fist
1
13
March 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)
Scott Buck[83]
Released
2[84]
TBA
TBA
Raven Metzner[85]
Filming
Marvel's The Defenders
1
8
August 18, 2017 (2017-08-18)
Marco Ramirez[86]
Released
Marvel's The Punisher
1
13
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
Steve Lightfoot[87]
2[88]
TBA
TBA
Filming
|
[question]: What is the name of the showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1?
[answer]: The showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1 is Steven S. DeKnight. | What is the name of the showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1? | The showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1 is Steven S. DeKnight. | 1 | 7.315583 | 11 | 121 | 1 |
13,348 | 7,495,356,071,116,455,000 | List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series | List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series - wikipedia List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Jump to : navigation , search Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Promotional image for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season two and Agent Carter season one . Based on Characters published by Marvel Comics Starring See below Country of origin United States Original language ( s ) English No. of seasons 13 ( across 8 series ) No. of episodes 182 Production Executive producer ( s ) Alan Fine Stan Lee Joe Quesada Jim Chory Jeph Loeb Running time 30 minutes ( NW ) 41 -- 65 minutes Production company ( s ) ABC Studios ( ABC & Netflix series ) ABC Signature Studios ( Hulu & Freeform series ) Marvel Television Distributor Disney -- ABC Domestic Television Netflix Hulu Release Original network ABC Netflix Hulu Freeform Picture format 720p ( HDTV ) ( ABC series ) 4K ( Ultra HD ) ( Netflix series ) IMAX ( Inh. ) Audio format 5.1 surround sound Original release September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) -- present ( present ) The Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) television series are American superhero television shows based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics . The shows have been in production since 2013 , and in that time Marvel Television and ABC Studios , along with its production division ABC Signature Studios , have premiered six series , with seven more in various stages of development , across broadcast , streaming , and cable television on ABC , Netflix and Hulu , and Freeform , respectively . The ABC series have averaged around 4 -- 8 million viewers a season , with many of the MCU series receiving strong critical responses . The first series in the universe , Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , began airing on ABC during the 2013 -- 14 television season , and was joined by Marvel 's Agent Carter in the 2014 -- 15 television season . Marvel formed a unique partnership with IMAX Corporation to premiere Marvel 's Inhumans in IMAX theaters in September 2017 before it is scheduled to air on ABC during the 2017 -- 18 television season ; a put pilot for another ABC series , Marvel 's Damage Control , has also been ordered . Netflix 's Marvel series began in 2015 with Marvel 's Daredevil and Marvel 's Jessica Jones , followed by Marvel 's Luke Cage in 2016 . Marvel 's Iron Fist and the crossover miniseries Marvel 's The Defenders released in 2017 , with Marvel 's The Punisher also scheduled to be released in 2017 . Additionally , the MCU will expand to Hulu with Marvel 's Runaways in 2017 , and to Freeform with Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger and Marvel 's New Warriors in 2018 . Starring in the series are Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson , in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter , in Agent Carter , both reprising their roles from MCU films , while Anson Mount headlines Inhumans as Black Bolt . Daredevil introduces Charlie Cox in the title role of Matt Murdock / Daredevil as well as Jon Bernthal as the Punisher in its second season , who reprises his role as the star of The Punisher . Jessica Jones introduces Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones and Mike Colter as Luke Cage , with the latter also headlining Luke Cage . Finn Jones stars as Danny Rand / Iron Fist in Iron Fist , and joins Cox , Ritter , and Colter for The Defenders . The Runaways cast consists of the titular group , including Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder , and their parents , including Ryan Sands as Geoffrey Wilder . Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph star in Cloak & Dagger as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak , respectively , while Milana Vayntrub and Derek Theler lead New Warriors as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal , respectively . Contents ( hide ) 1 ABC series 1.1 Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2013 -- ) 1.2 Marvel 's Agent Carter ( 2015 -- 16 ) 1.3 Marvel 's Inhumans ( 2017 ) 2 Netflix series 2.1 Marvel 's Daredevil ( 2015 -- ) 2.2 Marvel 's Jessica Jones ( 2015 -- ) 2.3 Marvel 's Luke Cage ( 2016 -- ) 2.4 Marvel 's Iron Fist ( 2017 -- ) 2.5 Marvel 's The Defenders ( 2017 ) 2.6 Marvel 's The Punisher 3 Hulu series 3.1 Marvel 's Runaways 4 Freeform series 4.1 Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger 4.2 Marvel 's New Warriors 5 Recurring cast and characters 5.1 ABC series 5.2 Netflix series 6 Reception 6.1 Ratings 6.2 Critical response 7 Potential projects 7.1 Marvel 's Damage Control 7.2 Other 8 Marvel 's Most Wanted 9 References 10 External links ABC series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. 22 September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) May 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 05 - 13 ) Jed Whedon , Maurissa Tancharoen , and Jeffrey Bell Released 22 September 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 23 ) May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) 22 September 29 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 29 ) May 17 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 17 ) 22 September 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 20 ) May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) 5 22 December 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 01 ) TBA Filming Marvel 's Agent Carter 8 January 6 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 06 ) February 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 24 ) Tara Butters , Michele Fazekas , and Chris Dingess Released 10 January 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 19 ) March 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 01 ) Marvel 's Inhumans 8 September 29 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 29 ) TBA Scott Buck Airing Jump up ^ A version of the first two episodes debuted in IMAX theaters on September 1 , 2017 , and ran for two weeks , before their television premiere on ABC on September 29 . Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2013 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( L to R ) Jed Whedon , Maurissa Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell serve as the showrunners for Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Phil Coulson assembles a small team of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) agents to handle strange new cases . After discovering that Project Centipede and their leader , `` The Clairvoyant '' , were affiliated with Hydra , a terrorist organization , Coulson and his team must deal with Hydra members still at large following Hydra 's infiltration of , and the destruction of , S.H.I.E.L.D. , while also looking to restore trust from the government and public . In the wake of S.H.I.E.L.D. 's wars with Hydra and the Inhumans , a race of superhumans , Coulson begins a secret mission to protect the world from new threats . After the defeat of the Inhuman Hive and with Hydra destroyed , S.H.I.E.L.D. is made a legitimate organization once again , with Coulson returning to being a field agent , and is tasked with tracking down more enhanced people -- including Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider -- while Agent Leo Fitz and Dr. Holden Radcliffe complete their work on Life Model Decoys . Coulson and members of his team are eventually abducted to deep space , where they must try and save humanity while figuring out how to get home . In August 2012 , ABC ordered a pilot for a show called S.H.I.E.L.D. , to be written by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , and directed by Joss Whedon . On April 6 , 2013 , ABC announced that the show would be titled Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and it was officially ordered to series on May 10 , 2013 . Jed Whedon , Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell act as the series ' showrunners , while Clark Gregg reprises his role from the films as Phil Coulson . The series was renewed for a second season on May 8 , 2014 , a third on May 7 , 2015 , a fourth on March 3 , 2016 , and a fifth on May 11 , 2017 . The first season , which premiered on September 24 , 2013 , aired episodes that directly relate to events in the films Thor : The Dark World and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . The revelation in Captain America : The Winter Soldier that S.H.I.E.L.D. had been infiltrated by Hydra had a huge impact on the series . Regarding the synergy the show had with addressing events from the film , Loeb said , `` It 's an extremely unique experience that does n't exist anywhere else out there in the entertainment business . '' The second season , which premiered on September 23 , 2014 , introduces Inhumans to the MCU , ahead of their own television series . Additionally , a recurring plot point in the first two seasons involved the body of a member of the Kree race , who play a significant role in Guardians of the Galaxy . The third season , which premiered on September 29 , 2015 , introduces the concept of the Secret Warriors , with new Inhuman characters inspired by the comic of the same name , as well as Life Model Decoys . The fourth season , which premiered on September 20 , 2016 , sees Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider introduced to the MCU , and ties to the second season of Agent Carter and Doctor Strange . The fifth season is scheduled to premiere on December 1 , 2017 . In the first season , Samuel L. Jackson , Cobie Smulders , Maximiliano Hernández , Titus Welliver and Jaimie Alexander all reprise their roles as Nick Fury , Maria Hill , Jasper Sitwell , Felix Blake , and Sif , respectively , from previous MCU films and One - Shots . In the second season , Alexander and Smulders return , while Hayley Atwell , Neal McDonough , Kenneth Choi , and Henry Goodman also reprise their roles as Peggy Carter , Timothy `` Dum Dum '' Dugan , Jim Morita , and List , respectively , from previous MCU films . In the third season , William Sadler reprises his role as Matthew Ellis from the MCU films , and Powers Boothe recurs as his previously unnamed The Avengers character , Gideon Malick . Marvel 's Agent Carter ( 2015 -- 16 ) ( edit ) Main article : Agent Carter ( TV series ) In 1946 , Peggy Carter must balance the routine office work she does for the Strategic Scientific Reserve while secretly assisting Howard Stark , who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States . Carter is assisted by Stark 's butler , Edwin Jarvis , to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons . Carter eventually moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new atomic age in the wake of World War II , gaining new friends , a new home and potential new love . By September 2013 , Marvel was developing a series inspired by the Agent Carter One - Shot , featuring Peggy Carter , and in January 2014 , the series was confirmed to be in development , with the script for a potential pilot to be written by Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier writers Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely . On May 8 , 2014 , ABC officially ordered Marvel 's Agent Carter to series . Tara Butters , Michele Fazekas and Chris Dingess act as showrunners on the series , while Hayley Atwell reprises her role from the films as Peggy Carter . The series was renewed for a second season on May 7 , 2015 , and was officially canceled by ABC on May 12 , 2016 . The first season , which premiered on January 6 , 2015 , introduces the origins of the Black Widow and Winter Soldier programs , which both appear in several MCU films . The second season , which premiered on January 19 , 2016 , features the Darkforce , which ties to the character Marcus Daniels in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Doctor Strange . In the first season , Dominic Cooper reprise his role of Howard Stark from Captain America : The First Avenger . James D'Arcy portrays Edwin Jarvis , Stark 's butler in the series who eventually serves as inspiration for Tony Stark 's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S. Costa Ronin portrays a young Anton Vanko , the co-creator of the arc reactor with Stark . Chris Evans appears as Steve Rogers / Captain America via archive footage from The First Avenger . McDonough and Toby Jones reprise their roles as Dugan and Arnim Zola , respectively . In the second season , Cooper returns to reprise his role . Marvel 's Inhumans ( 2017 ) ( edit ) Main article : Inhumans ( TV series ) Scott Buck serves as showrunner for both Inhumans on ABC and the first season of Iron Fist on Netflix . After a military coup , the Inhuman Royal Family , led by Black Bolt , escape to Hawaii where they must save themselves and the world . In November 2016 , Marvel Television and IMAX Corporation announced Marvel 's Inhumans , to be produced in conjunction with ABC Studios . The series ' first two episodes were filmed entirely on IMAX digital cameras , and premiered on IMAX screens on September 1 , 2017 , for two weeks . ABC will then broadcast the series weekly starting with the first two episodes on September 29 , 2017 , with the network airing of the first two episodes featuring exclusive content , outside of the versions screened on IMAX . Select action sequences in the rest of the series were also shot on IMAX . The series was neither intended to be a reworking of the planned film from Marvel Studios , nor a spin - off from Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Ben Sherwood , president of Disney -- ABC Television Group , added that `` We 've worked very carefully with our friends at Marvel Studios -- and this is a critical point -- to make sure that calendar-wise and content-wise we are only enhancing '' the MCU ; the theatrical debut of the series was timed to not interfere with the release of any Marvel Studios films . In December 2016 , Scott Buck was announced as showrunner and executive producer for the series . In February 2017 , Anson Mount was cast as Black Bolt . Filming began in March 2017 in Hawaii , and concluded in June . Netflix series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes Originally released Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Daredevil 13 April 10 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 10 ) Steven S. DeKnight Released 13 March 18 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 18 ) Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez TBA TBA Pre-production Marvel 's Jessica Jones 13 November 20 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 20 ) Melissa Rosenberg Released 13 2018 ( 2018 ) Preparing for release Marvel 's Luke Cage 13 September 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 30 ) Cheo Hodari Coker Released 13 2018 ( 2018 ) Filming Marvel 's Iron Fist 13 March 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 17 ) Scott Buck Released TBA TBA Raven Metzner In development Marvel 's The Defenders 8 August 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 18 ) Marco Ramirez Released Marvel 's The Punisher 13 2017 ( 2017 ) Steve Lightfoot Preparing for release By October 2013 , Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries to present to video on demand services and cable providers , with Netflix , Amazon , and WGN America expressing interest . That November , it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live - action series based on Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Iron Fist , and Luke Cage , leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders . Marvel 's Daredevil ( 2015 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Daredevil ( TV series ) Lawyer - by - day Matt Murdock uses his heightened senses from being blinded as a young boy to fight crime at night on the streets of Hell 's Kitchen as Daredevil , juxtaposed with the rise of crime lord Wilson Fisk . Murdock eventually crosses paths with Frank Castle / Punisher , a vigilante with far deadlier methods , and sees the return of his old girlfriend , Elektra Natchios . In December 2013 , Marvel confirmed that Drew Goddard would be the executive producer and showrunner for Daredevil , and would write and direct the first episode , though at the end of May 2014 , it was announced that Goddard would no longer be the showrunner for the series , being replaced by Steven S. DeKnight . Goddard , who wrote the first two episodes , remained with the show as an executive producer . It was also revealed that the series would be titled Marvel 's Daredevil . A few days later , Charlie Cox was cast as Daredevil . A second season was ordered on April 21 , 2015 , with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez taking over as showrunners from DeKnight , who could not return to the series due to a prior commitment . A third season was ordered in July 2016 . The first season , which debuted in its entirety on April 10 , 2015 , features references to The Avengers and the Battle of New York , as well as mentioning Carl `` Crusher '' Creel , who appears on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The insignia for the Iron Fist antagonist Steel Serpent is also seen in the season . The second season , which premiered on March 18 , 2016 , features the motorcycle gang Dogs of Hell , who appeared on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , along with numerous references to the events of the first season of Jessica Jones . In the second season , Jon Bernthal was cast in a leading role as Frank Castle / Punisher , before headlining his own series , while Michelle Hurd and Carrie - Anne Moss reprise their roles of Samantha Reyes and Jeri Hogarth from Jessica Jones . Marvel 's Jessica Jones ( 2015 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Jessica Jones ( TV series ) Melissa Rosenberg is Jessica Jones ' creator and showrunner . Former superhero Jessica Jones , who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder , opens her own detective agency to help people . In November 2013 , Melissa Rosenberg was announced to write and executive produce the series , and the following March , Loeb stated that filming would begin after Daredevil . In December 2014 , Krysten Ritter was cast as Jessica Jones in the series , officially titled Marvel 's Jessica Jones . A second season was ordered on January 17 , 2016 . The first season , which debuted in its entirety on November 20 , 2015 , features references to the events and characters of The Avengers . The second season is scheduled to debut in 2018 . In the first season , Mike Colter was cast as Luke Cage , a recurring role in the series before headlining his own series . Rosario Dawson reprises her Daredevil role of Claire Temple , as does Royce Johnson in his role of Brett Mahoney . Marvel 's Luke Cage ( 2016 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Luke Cage ( TV series ) When a sabotaged experiment gives him super strength and unbreakable skin , Luke Cage becomes a fugitive attempting to rebuild his life in Harlem , and must soon confront his past and fight a battle for the heart of his city . Colter reprises his role as Carl Lucas / Luke Cage in his own series , titled Marvel 's Luke Cage . In March 2014 , Loeb stated that the series would begin filming after Iron Fist , being the fourth of the individual series . By March 2015 , it was instead slated to be the third of the individual series , beginning production after Jessica Jones . The series was switched with Iron Fist after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones , becoming that series ' breakout star and Marvel wanting to `` follow the momentum '' . Also in March , Cheo Hodari Coker was announced as showrunner and executive producer of the series . A second season was ordered on December 3 , 2016 . The first season , which premiered on September 30 , 2016 , features references to The Avengers , the second season of Daredevil , the first season of Jessica Jones , and a flier for Colleen Wing 's martial arts class , and mentions Justin Hammer , Wilson Fisk and Frank Castle . Dawson , Rob Morgan , Rachel Taylor , Stephen Rider , Parisa Fitz - Henley , and Danny Johnson reprise their roles as Claire Temple , Turk Barrett , Trish Walker , Blake Tower , Reva Connors and Ben Donovan in the series , respectively . The second season is scheduled to premiere in 2018 . Finn Jones will reprise his role as Danny Rand in the season . Marvel 's Iron Fist ( 2017 -- ) ( edit ) Main article : Iron Fist ( TV series ) Danny Rand returns to New York City , after being missing for fifteen years , to reclaim his family company . However , when a threat emerges , Rand must choose between his family 's legacy and his duties as the Iron Fist . In March 2014 , Loeb initially stated that the series would begin filming after Jessica Jones as the third of the individual series . By March 2015 , it was expected to be the fourth of the individual series , entering production following Luke Cage . The series was switched with Luke Cage after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones , becoming that series ' breakout star and Marvel wanting to `` follow the momentum '' . In April 2015 , the title of the series was revealed to be Marvel 's Iron Fist . In December 2015 , Marvel announced that Scott Buck would serve as showrunner and executive producer of the series . In February 2016 , Finn Jones was cast as Rand . A second season was revealed to be in development in July 2017 , with Raven Metzner announced as the new showrunner for the season , replacing Buck . The first season , which premiered on March 17 , 2017 , makes references to the events of The Avengers , the Hulk , Stark Industries , Jessica Jones , Daredevil , Luke Cage , and Seagate Prison , and mentions the Dogs of Hell biker gang , New York Bulletin editor - in - chief Mitchell Ellison and reporter Karen Page , Roxxon Oil and Midland Circle . Events from the second season of Daredevil are also noted throughout . Moss , Dawson , Wai Ching Ho , Marquis Rodriguez , Tijuana Ricks , and Suzanne H. Smart reprise their roles as Jeri Hogarth , Claire Temple , Gao , Darryl , Thembi Wallace , and Shirley Benson , respectively , in the series . The second season will see Simone Missick reprise her role as Misty Knight . Marvel 's the Defenders ( 2017 ) ( edit ) Main article : The Defenders ( miniseries ) The superheroes Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Luke Cage , and Iron Fist team - up in New York City . The Defenders sees Cox , Ritter , Colter , and Jones reprise their roles as Matt Murdock / Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Luke Cage , and Danny Rand / Iron Fist , respectively , from the previous television series . In March 2014 , Loeb stated that the miniseries , officially titled Marvel 's The Defenders , would begin filming after Iron Fist . In April 2016 , Marvel announced that Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez would act as showrunners for The Defenders . However , by the start of filming in New York City in October 2016 , Petrie had left the series as co-showrunner . Filming concluded in March 2017 . The eight - episode event premiered on August 18 , 2017 . The miniseries also sees many supporting characters from the individual series reprise their roles , including , Deborah Ann Woll , Elden Henson , Scott Glenn , Élodie Yung , Eka Darville , Moss , Taylor , Simone Missick , Jessica Henwick , Dawson , Ho , Ramón Rodríguez , Peter McRobbie , Morgan , Amy Rutberg , Susan Varon , and Nichole Yannetty as Karen Page , Franklin `` Foggy '' Nelson , Stick , Elektra Natchios , Malcolm Ducasse , Jeri Hogarth , Trish Walker , Misty Knight , Colleen Wing , Claire Temple , Gao , Bakuto , Lantom , Turk Barrett , Marci Stahl , Josie and Nicole , respectively . Midland Circle , which was referenced in previous Netflix series , is revealed to be an operation of the Hand , who bought the building to search for the life substance hidden beneath the property . The miniseries also references the events of The Avengers . Marvel 's the Punisher ( edit ) Main article : The Punisher ( TV series ) Frank Castle is haunted and hunted after the murder of his family and becomes a vigilante known in the criminal underworld as `` the Punisher '' , who aims to fight crime by any means necessary . By January 2016 , ahead of the debut of Bernthal as armed vigilante Frank Castle / Punisher in the second season of Daredevil , Netflix was in `` very early development '' on a spin - off series titled The Punisher , and was looking for a showrunner . The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle , and was described as a stand - alone series , outside of the series leading up to The Defenders . Loeb implied that Marvel Television had not instigated the development of the spin - off and were focusing on making `` the best 13 episodes of Daredevil season two '' at the time , but did say , `` I 'm never going to discourage a network from looking at one of our characters and encouraging us to do more ... If we are lucky enough that through the writing , through the direction , through the actor that people want to see more of that person , terrific . '' In April 2016 , Marvel and Netflix ordered The Punisher , along with confirming Bernthal 's involvement and naming Steve Lightfoot as showrunner . Filming began in Brooklyn , New York in October 2016 , and concluded in April 2017 . The series is set to be released in 2017 . Woll and Morgan reprise their roles as Karen Page and Turk Barrett , respectively . Hulu series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Runaways 10 November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) TBA Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage Filming Marvel 's Runaways ( edit ) Main article : Runaways ( TV series ) When six teenagers discover their parents are villains , they reluctantly unite to go against them . In August 2016 , Marvel announced Marvel 's Runaways had received a pilot order , along with additional scripts , from the streaming service Hulu , based on the team of the same name . The pilot is written by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage , who also serve as executive producers and showrunners of the series . In February 2017 , Marvel announced the cast of the Runaways , with Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder , Lyrica Okano as Nico Minoru , Virginia Gardner as Karolina Dean , Ariela Barer as Gert Yorkes , Gregg Sulkin as Chase Stein , and Allegra Acosta as Molly Hernandez . Shortly after , they announced the cast of the Pride , the parents of the Runaways , with Randy Sands as Geoffrey Wilder , Angel Parker as Catherine Wilder , Brittany Ishibashi as Tina Minoru , James Yaegashi as Robert Minoru , Kevin Weisman as Dale Yorkes , Brigid Brannagh as Stacey Yorkes , Annie Wersching as Leslie Dean , Kip Pardue as Frank Dean , James Marsters as Victor Stein , and Ever Carradine as Janet Stein . Hulu ordered the series in May 2017 . Filming began in Los Angeles in February 2017 . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , is set to premiere on November 21 , 2017 . Tina Minoru previously appeared in Doctor Strange , in a minor role as a Master of the Mystic Arts portrayed by Linda Louise Duan . Freeform series ( edit ) Series Season Episodes First aired Last aired Showrunner ( s ) Status Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger 10 2018 ( 2018 ) TBA Joe Pokaski Filming Marvel 's New Warriors 10 2018 ( 2018 ) TBA Kevin Biegel Pre-production Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger ( edit ) Main article : Cloak & Dagger ( TV series ) Tandy Bowen and Tyrone Johnson , two teenagers from different backgrounds , acquire superpowers while forming a romantic relationship . They soon realize that their powers work better when they are together , `` but their feelings for each other make their already complicated world even more challenging . '' In April 2016 , the ABC - owned network Freeform announced a straight - to - series order for Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger , based on the characters of the same name , calling it their `` first venture into the Marvel Cinematic Universe '' , and describing the show as a `` superhero love story '' . In January 2017 , Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph were cast as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak , respectively . Joe Pokaski serves as showrunner for the series . Filming began in New Orleans in February 2017 . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , is set to air in 2018 . Roxxon Oil is seen in the series . Marvel 's New Warriors ( edit ) Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl , Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal , Dwayne Taylor / Night Thrasher , Robbie Baldwin / Speedball , Zach Smith / Microbe , and Deborah Fields / Debrii , are superpowered young people with abilities very different from the Avengers , who want to make a positive impact in the world even if they are not quite ready to be heroes . By the end of August 2016 , Marvel Television and ABC Studios were developing a half - hour comedy series based on the New Warriors featuring Squirrel Girl , with the series being offered to cable networks and streaming outlets . In April 2017 , Freeform announced a straight - to - series order for Marvel 's New Warriors , with Kevin Biegel serving as the series ' showrunner and writing the first script . In July 2017 , the cast was revealed with Milana Vayntrub starring as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Derek Theler as Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal . The first season , consisting of 10 episodes , is set to air in 2018 , with Biegel serving as showrunner for the series . Recurring cast and characters ( edit ) Further information : List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series actors ABC series ( edit ) List indicator ( s ) This table includes recurring , main characters , who have appeared in at least two seasons and as a member of the principal ( `` main '' ) cast for at least one of those . Please see the FAQ for more information . Series seasons , within the network season , are ordered based on their premiere date . A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the season , or that the character 's presence in the season has not yet been announced . An indicates the actor had a recurring role for the season . A indicates the actor made a guest appearance in the season . Character 2013 -- 14 season 2014 -- 15 season 2015 -- 16 season 2016 -- 17 season 2017 -- 18 season Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 1 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 2 Agent Carter season 1 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 3 Agent Carter season 2 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 4 Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. season 5 Lincoln Campbell Luke Mitchell Luke Mitchell Peggy Carter Hayley Atwell Hayley Atwell Hayley Atwell Phil Coulson Clark Gregg Clark Gregg Clark Gregg Leo Fitz Iain De Caestecker Iain De Caestecker Iain De Caestecker Lance Hunter Nick Blood Nick Blood Nick Blood Edwin Jarvis James D'Arcy James D'Arcy Daisy `` Skye '' Johnson Quake Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet Alphonso `` Mack '' MacKenzie Henry Simmons Henry Simmons Henry Simmons Melinda May Ming - Na Wen Ming - Na Wen Ming - Na Wen Bobbi Morse Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Palicki Holden Radcliffe John Hannah John Hannah Elena `` Yo - Yo '' Rodriguez Natalia Cordova - Buckley Natalia Cordova - Buckley Natalia Cordova - Buckley Jemma Simmons Elizabeth Henstridge Elizabeth Henstridge Elizabeth Henstridge Daniel Sousa Enver Gjokaj Enver Gjokaj Jack Thompson Chad Michael Murray Chad Michael Murray Grant Ward Brett Dalton Brett Dalton Brett Dalton Netflix series ( edit ) List indicator ( s ) This table includes recurring , main characters , who have appeared in at least two series as a member of the principal ( `` main '' ) cast for at least one of those . Please see the FAQ for more information . A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the series , or that the character 's presence in the series has not yet been announced . An indicates the actor had a recurring role in the series . A indicates the actor made a guest appearance in the series . Character Daredevil Jessica Jones Luke Cage Iron Fist The Defenders The Punisher Bakuto Ramón Rodríguez Luke Cage Mike Colter Mike Colter Frank Castle Punisher Jon Bernthal Jon Bernthal Malcolm Ducasse Eka Darville Eka Darville Jeri Hogarth Carrie - Anne Moss Carrie - Anne Moss Carrie - Anne Moss Jessica Jones Krysten Ritter Krysten Ritter Mercedes `` Misty '' Knight Simone Missick Simone Missick Simone Missick Matt Murdock Daredevil Charlie Cox Charlie Cox Elektra Natchios Élodie Yung Élodie Yung Franklin `` Foggy '' Nelson Elden Henson Elden Henson Karen Page Deborah Ann Woll Deborah Ann Woll Danny Rand Iron Fist Finn Jones Finn Jones Stick Scott Glenn Scott Glenn Claire Temple Rosario Dawson Rosario Dawson Rosario Dawson Blake Tower Stephen Rider Stephen Rider Patricia `` Trish '' Walker Rachael Taylor Rachael Taylor Rachael Taylor Colleen Wing Jessica Henwick Reception ( edit ) For more details on the reception of each series , see the `` Reception '' section on each series ' article . Ratings ( edit ) Series Season Originally aired Nielsen ratings First aired Total viewers ( in millions ) Last aired Total viewers ( in millions ) Average total viewers ( inc . DVR ) ( in millions ) Rank 18 -- 49 rating ( rank ) Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. September 24 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 24 ) 12.12 May 13 , 2014 ( 2014 - 05 - 13 ) 5.45 8.31 43 3.0 ( 20 ) September 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 23 ) 5.98 May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) 3.88 7.46 24 2.8 ( 11 ) September 29 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 29 ) 4.90 May 17 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 17 ) 3.03 5.52 85 2.0 ( 47 ) September 20 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 20 ) 3.44 May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) 2.08 4.22 110 1.5 / 6 ( 70 ) Agent Carter January 6 , 2015 ( 2015 - 01 - 06 ) 6.91 February 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 02 - 24 ) 4.02 7.61 29 2.4 ( 29 ) January 19 , 2016 ( 2016 - 01 - 19 ) 3.18 March 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 03 - 01 ) 2.35 4.37 109 1.4 ( 88 ) Critical response ( edit ) Series Season Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. 87 % ( 47 reviews ) 74 ( 33 reviews ) 94 % ( 18 reviews ) N / A 100 % ( 13 reviews ) N / A 100 % ( 13 reviews ) N / A Agent Carter 95 % ( 41 reviews ) 72 ( 27 reviews ) 81 % ( 16 reviews ) N / A Daredevil 98 % ( 51 reviews ) 75 ( 22 reviews ) 74 % ( 35 reviews ) 68 ( 13 reviews ) Jessica Jones 92 % ( 61 reviews ) 81 ( 32 reviews ) Luke Cage 96 % ( 54 reviews ) 79 ( 30 reviews ) Iron Fist 17 % ( 54 reviews ) 37 ( 21 reviews ) The Defenders 74 % ( 77 reviews ) 63 ( 30 reviews ) Inhumans 8 % ( 37 reviews ) 29 ( 13 reviews ) With the release of the second season of Daredevil , Brian Lowery of Variety felt the Netflix series `` have already leapfrogged ABC 's forays into the Marvel universe in terms of their appeal , in part by tapping into the avid fan base that supports pay models and does n't need to be spoon - fed plot points . In the process , they have demonstrated that it 's possible to deliver a credible superhero show without a lot of pyrotechnics '' . After the release of the first season of Luke Cage , The Atlantic 's David Sims wrote on the pacing issue of Marvel 's Netflix series , a common complaint to that point , stating , `` After two seasons of Daredevil , one of Jessica Jones , and now one of Luke Cage , the Netflix model feels fundamentally flawed , encouraging the kind of molasses - slow plotting comic books are designed to eschew . The problem is n't that these shows are bad , necessarily ... But they all take far too long to get going , by which point many viewers will have already tuned out . '' He felt one of the problems was the fact that Netflix does not rely on viewers tuning into a particular series as broadcast series do each week , but rather subscribers who , if they lose interest , `` can take as long as they want to catch up ... as long as they keep paying their subscription fee every month . '' The Netflix series are also afforded the opportunity to explore elements in more detail , with Sims noting `` A lot of this detail ( is ) good , but it could have been considerably compressed -- none of the Marvel Netflix series , so far , would have lost much by being squeezed into 10 episodes , or even 8 . If Netflix shaved the 60 - minute running time down quite a bit , it would likely inspire more economical -- and better -- storytelling from its shows . '' Sims concluded by saying , `` What 's most frustrating of all is that Netflix is n't getting rid of this approach anytime soon . Daredevil season three , Jessica Jones season two , Iron Fist , and The Punisher are all on their way , and each will follow the same 13 - episode structure ... The only respite may come in the form of The Defenders , a planned crossover series ... over the course of just eight episodes . Who knows ? The show might even surprise viewers and explain its villain 's motivations within the first hour . Until then , fans will be stuck needlessly giving over entire days to these series , while others are deterred from watching at all . '' In her review for the first season of Iron Fist , Allison Keene of Collider.com spoke more on the pacing of Marvel 's Netflix series , stating , `` By focusing so intently on making these series ... much more grounded in a gritty real world than what we typically expect from a superhero show ( like DC 's candy - colored ( Arrowverse ) on The CW ) , the problem is that they miss out on the key element : this should be fantastical entertainment . '' With The Defenders , Jeff Jansen of Entertainment Weekly felt many improvements were made to the general complaints the previous seasons received . He said , `` The Defenders is far from perfect . But it 's an enjoyable superhero adventure distinguished by improvements and innovations that I hope Marvel will carry forward . Shorter seasons . More team - ups . Fewer shows . Start the consolidation by letting go of Iron Fist . If Danny Rand must persist , add him to the other shows and let the stronger players carry him . '' Potential projects ( edit ) Marvel 's Damage Control ( edit ) Further information : Damage Control ( comics ) § Live action The show follows the overworked , underpaid , clean up crew of the Marvel Cinematic Universe , who specialize in dealing with the aftermath of superhero conflicts , rescheduling events because of the conflicts , and retrieving lost items . In October 2015 , ABC ordered a put pilot for a half - hour live - action comedy series Marvel 's Damage Control , based on the comics construction company of the same name . The series is being developed by Ben Karlin for ABC Studios and Marvel Television , with Karlin also writing the script for the project and serving as executive producer . In January 2016 , ABC Entertainment president Paul Lee said Damage Control was `` going to be coming out this season , '' seemingly implying it would air in the 2016 -- 17 television season . Other ( edit ) Marvel has been working with screenwriter John Ridley since mid-April 2015 to craft a new television series , `` reinventing '' an existing Marvel character or property . In January 2016 , Ridley confirmed that the project was `` still in development '' . He stated that he was looking to `` bring some of the socially conscious nature '' of Jessica Jones and his series American Crime to the show , while also creating something that is `` straight entertainment '' . A year later , Channing Dungey revealed that Ridley 's project was still progressing , with Ridley working on a rewrite of his script . Ridley added that the rewrite was not because `` anything did n't work the first time around '' , but rather trying to make sure the series does something viewers have not necessarily seen before in a superhero television series , hoping it would occupy `` a space that is not currently being filled '' by Marvel . He also stated that he hoped to create the series `` in the near term . '' By August 2017 , Dungey was `` not sure '' if Ridley was still working on the project . In January 2016 , Lee announced that ABC Studios was developing a second comedy series with Marvel in hope it would air on ABC , while Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated that `` all the characters in the universe could also spin out '' into their own series at some point . That May , Dungey said that there were `` a handful of projects in development '' , after passing on Most Wanted and canceling Agent Carter , and that Marvel and ABC were looking `` at series that would be beneficial to both brands . '' Marvel 's Most Wanted ( edit ) Main article : Most Wanted ( TV pilot ) By April 2015 , Marvel was developing a spinoff series of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The series , which was being developed by Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell and writer Paul Zbyszewski , would be based on storylines occurring at the end of the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and would receive its own pilot rather than a backdoor pilot . Adrianne Palicki and Nick Blood entered into discussions to headline the potential new series as their characters Bobbi Morse and Lance Hunter , respectively . By May 7 , 2015 , when ABC announced their series renewals and cancellations , and new series pickups , the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff was passed on . In August 2015 , the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff series received new life as a reworked series , titled Marvel 's Most Wanted , with a pilot order . Bell and Zbyszewski once again developed the series , while also serving as co-writers of the pilot , executive producers , and showrunners , with Jeph Loeb also attached as executive producer . The series would still focus on Morse and Hunter , with Palicki and Blood both attached , and was described as `` a new take focusing on the same duo and their continuing adventures . '' In May 2016 , the series was passed on by ABC once again . 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Archived from the original on September 16 , 2014 . Retrieved September 16 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Trumbore , Dave ( July 25 , 2014 ) . `` Agent Carter to Feature Edwin Jarvis , aka Howard Stark 's Butler and Inspiration for Tony Stark 's AI '' . Collider . Archived from the original on July 26 , 2014 . Retrieved July 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Steinbeiser , Andrew ( November 5 , 2014 ) . `` Exclusive : Costa Ronin Cast as Anton Vanko in Marvel 's Agent Carter '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on November 5 , 2014 . Retrieved November 5 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldman , Eric ( January 3 , 2015 ) . `` Peggy Vs . The World '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 3 , 2015 . Retrieved January 3 , 2015 . Jump up ^ White , Brett ( January 7 , 2015 ) . `` The Howling Commandos Return In New `` Agent Carter '' Promo `` . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2015 . Retrieved January 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( February 24 , 2015 ) . `` ' Agent Carter ' Season 1 finale surprise gets HYDRA 's return started '' . Zap2it . Archived from the original on February 25 , 2015 . Retrieved February 24 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( October 9 , 2015 ) . `` Agent Carter casts Whitney Frost and more season 2 additions '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on October 9 , 2015 . Retrieved October 10 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Damore , Meagan ( April 5 , 2017 ) . `` New Inhumans Synopsis Teases Military Coup , Royal Family in Hawaii '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 6 , 2017 . Retrieved April 6 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( February 28 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Inhumans ' : ' Hell On Wheels ' Anson Mount To Star As Black Bolt In ABC Series '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on February 28 , 2017 . 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Archived from the original on June 13 , 2017 . Retrieved June 15 , 2017 -- via Twitter . ^ Jump up to : `` Steven S. DeKnight Joins ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . May 24 , 2014 . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2014 . Retrieved May 24 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : Cavanaugh , Patrick ( April 21 , 2015 ) . `` Netflix Orders a Second Season of ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on April 22 , 2015 . Retrieved April 21 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ; Bucksbaum , Sydney ( July 21 , 2016 ) . `` Comic - Con : ' Daredevil ' Renewed for Third Season at Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2016 . Retrieved July 21 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Couch , Aaron ( November 12 , 2013 ) . `` Melissa Rosenberg to Oversee Marvel 's Jessica Jones Series for Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on June 28 , 2014 . 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Retrieved July 31 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Marc ( July 5 , 2017 ) . `` Mustafa Shakir & Gabrielle Dennis Join Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Luke Cage ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on July 5 , 2017 . Retrieved July 5 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Strom , Marc ( December 7 , 2015 ) . `` Scott Buck to Showrun the Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Iron Fist ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on December 7 , 2015 . Retrieved December 7 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Otterson , Joe ( July 21 , 2017 ) . `` ' Iron Fist ' Renewed for Season 2 at Netflix '' . Variety . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2017 . Retrieved July 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( July 22 , 2017 ) . `` Iron Fist changing showrunners for season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2017 . Retrieved July 22 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Li , Shirley ( January 13 , 2017 ) . `` The Defenders EP talks juggling four heroes -- and the ' crisis ' that unites them '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2017 . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Netflix Orders ' Marvel 's The Punisher ' To Series '' . Marvel.com. April 29 , 2016 . Archived from the original on April 29 , 2016 . Retrieved April 29 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's The Punisher ' Announces Three New Cast Members '' . Marvel.com . October 6 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 6 , 2016 . Retrieved October 6 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( April 29 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's The Punisher spin - off ordered by Netflix '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 29 , 2016 . Retrieved April 29 , 2016 . 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Newsarama . Archived from the original on July 23 , 2017 . Retrieved July 23 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Levine , Daniel S. ( August 18 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's The Defenders ' : Episode 2 ' Mean Right Hook ' Recap & Spoilers '' . Heavy.com . Archived from the original on August 19 , 2017 . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Li , Shirley ( January 12 , 2017 ) . `` This Week 's Cover : Meet The Defenders in EW 's exclusive first look '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 13 , 2017 . Retrieved January 13 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Li , Shirley ( August 18 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's The Defenders postmortem : Showrunner answers burning questions '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2017 . Retrieved August 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Punisher Netflix Series Updates : Is Jon Bernthal Filming Now ? '' . Den of Geek . October 3 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2016 . Retrieved October 4 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( January 16 , 2016 ) . `` Punisher Spinoff Starring Jon Bernthal in Development at Netflix '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2016 . Retrieved January 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Leslie ( January 16 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix Plotting ' Punisher ' Spinoff Starring Jon Bernthal '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on January 16 , 2016 . Retrieved January 17 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Hibberd , James ( January 17 , 2016 ) . `` Netflix open to more Marvel shows : Any character could get spin - off '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2016 . Retrieved January 18 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Topel , Fred ( January 18 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel TV 's Jeph Loeb on a Possible ' Punisher ' Spinoff and Elektra 's Relationship With Daredevil '' . / Film . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2016 . Retrieved January 19 , 2016 . 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Archived from the original on July 20 , 2017 . Retrieved July 20 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( August 17 , 2016 ) . `` Hulu Orders ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Series From Josh Schwartz & Stephanie Savage '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on August 17 , 2016 . Retrieved August 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Strom , Marc ( February 2 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Finds Its Cast '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 2 , 2017 . Retrieved February 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dinh , Christine ( February 9 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Runaways ' Sets Remaining Cast For Television Project With Hulu '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on February 10 , 2017 . Retrieved February 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( May 3 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Runaways , ' From ' The O.C. ' Creators , Ordered to Series at Hulu '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 3 , 2017 . Retrieved May 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ James Marsters ( @ JamesMarstersOf ) ( February 10 , 2017 ) . `` Here 's the sitch . I 'm filming Marvel 's ' Runaways ' ! Set photos are strictly forbidden , but I snuck this pic of the carpet in my trailer ... '' ( Tweet ) . Archived from the original on February 11 , 2017 . Retrieved February 11 , 2017 -- via Twitter . Jump up ^ Kincaid , Rhiannon ( January 7 , 2017 ) . `` Working Titles For Black Panther , Runaways , and Cloak & Dagger Revealed '' . MCUExchange . Archived from the original on January 7 , 2017 . Retrieved January 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Couto , Anthony ( July 6 , 2016 ) . `` '' Doctor Strange '' Prequel Comic Hints At Movie Secrets , Introduces Another Marvel Villain `` . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2016 . Retrieved July 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Lovett , Jamie ( August 17 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel And Hulu Announce Runaways TV Series '' . Comicbook.com . Archived from the original on August 19 , 2016 . Retrieved August 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Former Colchester schoolgirl lands role in latest Marvel blockbuster '' . Clacton Gazette . October 24 , 2016 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2016 . Retrieved October 24 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Dredge , Stuart ( April 4 , 2017 ) . `` MIP Drama pre-LA Screenings showcase : Marvel , Marc Cherry , Candy Crush and more '' . MIPTrends . Archived from the original on April 4 , 2017 . Retrieved April 4 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( November 11 , 2016 ) . `` Freeform 's Fraught Year : Inside the Rebranded Network 's Chase for Millennials ( and a Hit Show ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 11 , 2016 . Retrieved November 12 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesly ( April 5 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' New Warriors , ' With Squirrel Girl , Ordered Straight - to - Series at Freeform ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on April 5 , 2017 . Retrieved April 5 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( April 7 , 2016 ) . `` Freeform Greenlights Marvel Romance Superhero Series ' Cloak and Dagger ' ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on April 7 , 2016 . Retrieved April 7 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Freeform Continues to Grow Its Programming Slate with New Series , Pilots , Returning Series and More '' . The Futon Critic. April 7 , 2016 . Archived from the original on April 8 , 2016 . Retrieved April 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( January 30 , 2017 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Cloak & Dagger ' : Olivia Holt & Aubrey Joseph Land Title Roles In Series For Freeform '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on January 30 , 2017 . Retrieved January 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Louisiana Economic Development ( February 8 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel Selects Louisiana For New Television Series '' ( Press release ) . Louisiana Economic Development . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2017 . Retrieved February 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cave , Rob ( April 21 , 2017 ) . `` Cloak And Dagger Offers A Glimpse Of A Wider Marvel Cinematic Universe '' . Comic Book Resources . Archived from the original on April 23 , 2017 . Retrieved April 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Truitt , Brian ( April 19 , 2017 ) . `` Exclusive sneak peek : Squirrel Girl leads the team of Freeform 's ' New Warriors ' '' . USA Today . Archived from the original on April 19 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( August 30 , 2016 ) . `` Squirrel Girl on TV ? Marvel Developing New Warriors Comedy Series '' . TVLine . Archived from the original on August 31 , 2016 . Retrieved August 30 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : Morse , Ben ( April 19 , 2017 ) . `` Freeform Announces Characters For ' Marvel 's New Warriors ' '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on April 20 , 2017 . Retrieved April 19 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( July 10 , 2017 ) . `` Marvel 's ' New Warriors ' Sets Its Cast -- Including Squirrel Girl ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 10 , 2017 . Retrieved July 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Cavanaugh , Patrick ( March 20 , 2015 ) . `` Declassifying ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' : Afterlife '' . Marvel.com . Archived from the original on March 21 , 2015 . Retrieved March 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Luke Mitchell Joins ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' as Series Regular '' . Marvel.com . June 1 , 2015 . Archived from the original on June 1 , 2015 . Retrieved June 1 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` ABC 's `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. '' Star Natalia Cordova - Buckley Upped to Series Regular for Season Five of Hit Series '' ( Press release ) . The Futon Critic . October 5 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( November 13 , 2012 ) . `` Joss Whedon 's ' S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Pilot Adds Two Agents ( Exclusive ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2012 . Retrieved November 13 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( July 25 , 2014 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Reveals New Characters , Carter Adds Captain Directors '' . TV Guide . Archived from the original on July 26 , 2014 . Retrieved July 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Abrams , Natalie ( September 8 , 2017 ) . `` Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Nick Blood returning as Lance Hunter '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on September 8 , 2017 . Retrieved September 8 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : Abrams , Natalie ( June 30 , 2015 ) . `` Agent Carter : James D'Arcy , Enver Gjokaj returning for season 2 '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on July 1 , 2015 . Retrieved July 1 , 2015 . 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Archived from the original on February 19 , 2015 . Retrieved February 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Riesman , Abraham ( October 11 , 2015 ) . `` Jessica Jones Has Hot Sex and Nuanced Sexuality ( Especially for a Marvel Show ) '' . Vulture . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2015 . Retrieved October 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Luke Cage ' Adds to the Cast '' . Marvel.com . September 16 , 2015 . Archived from the original on September 16 , 2015 . Retrieved September 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Elodie Yung Cast as Elektra in the Netflix Original Series ' Marvel 's Daredevil ' '' . Marvel.com . July 7 , 2015 . Archived from the original on July 7 , 2015 . Retrieved July 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Elden Henson Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . June 26 , 2014 . Archived from the original on June 26 , 2014 . Retrieved June 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Goldberg , Lesley ( July 17 , 2014 ) . `` ' True Blood ' Star to Romance ' Daredevil ' for Netflix '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on July 17 , 2014 . Retrieved July 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Scott Glenn Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . September 15 , 2014 . Archived from the original on September 15 , 2014 . Retrieved September 15 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Rosario Dawson Joins Marvel 's Daredevil For Netflix '' . Marvel.com . June 20 , 2014 . Archived from the original on June 20 , 2014 . Retrieved June 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( September 3 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's ' Daredevil ' Casts Stephen Rider As New Regular For Season 2 '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on September 4 , 2015 . Retrieved September 4 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Rachael Taylor the Latest to Join Marvel 's A.K.A. Jessica Jones '' . Marvel.com . January 29 , 2015 . Archived from the original on January 29 , 2015 . Retrieved January 29 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 1 , 2016 ) . `` Marvel 's Iron Fist casts The Force Awakens actress in lead role '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 1 , 2016 . Retrieved April 1 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 25 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' The Voice ' & ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Goldbergs ' & ' Chicago Fire ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2014 . Retrieved September 26 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 14 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' & ' The Goldbergs ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Originals ' , ' Supernatural ' & ' About A Boy ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on August 20 , 2014 . Retrieved May 14 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Full 2013 -- 2014 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline.com . May 22 , 2014 . Archived from the original on May 25 , 2014 . Retrieved May 25 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 24 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' Forever ' , ' The Voice ' , and ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Up ; ' Chicago Fire ' & ' Person of Interest ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on September 25 , 2014 . Retrieved September 24 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 13 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Flash ' , ' NCIS ' , & ' American Idol ' Adjusted Up ; ' iZombie ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved May 13 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Bibel , Sara ( June 8 , 2015 ) . `` Live + 7 Ratings : Complete 2014 -- 15 Season ' The Big Bang Theory ' Leads Adults 18 -- 49 Ratings Increase ; ' The Messengers ' Earns Biggest Percentage Increase , ' The Blacklist ' Tops Viewership Gains '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Archived from the original on June 27 , 2015 . Retrieved June 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dixon , Dani ( September 30 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' + ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' Best Time Ever ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2015 . Retrieved September 30 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 18 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' NCIS ' and ' Chicago Fire ' finales adjust up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on May 19 , 2016 . Retrieved May 18 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : de Moraes , Lisa ( May 26 , 2016 ) . `` Full 2015 -- 16 TV Season Series Rankings : ' Blindspot ' , ' Life In Pieces ' & ' Quantico ' Lead Newcomers '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2016 . Retrieved May 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( September 21 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' NCIS , ' ' Brooklyn Nine - Nine ' adjust up , ' This Is Us ' & ' Bull ' steady '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on September 23 , 2016 . Retrieved September 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 17 , 2017 ) . `` ' NCIS ' finale and ' Bull ' adjust up , ' The Middle ' adjusts down : Tuesday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on May 17 , 2017 . Retrieved May 17 , 2017 . Jump up ^ de Moraes , Lisa ( May 26 , 2017 ) . `` Final 2016 - 17 TV Rankings : ' Sunday Night Football ' Winning Streak Continues '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on May 27 , 2017 . Retrieved May 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( January 8 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : No Adjustments to ' Agent Carter ' , ' Person of Interest ' or ' Forever ' '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved January 8 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( February 25 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' Adjusted Up ; ' NCIS ' , ' NCIS : New Orleans ' , ' Fresh Off the Boat ' , ' New Girl ' & ' TV 's Hottest Commercials ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Zap2it . Retrieved February 26 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( January 21 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' Chicago Fire ' and ' Hollywood Game Night ' adjust up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on January 21 , 2016 . Retrieved January 21 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( March 2 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' New Girl ' adjusts up '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 2 , 2016 . Retrieved March 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 1 ( 2013 -- 2014 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D -- Season 1 Reviews '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved August 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 2 ( 2014 -- 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 6 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 3 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved October 2 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Season 4 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agent Carter : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Agent Carter : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved January 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Agent Carter : Season 2 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved May 7 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved April 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 2 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Daredevil : Season 2 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved March 26 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 1 ( 2015 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Jessica Jones : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . CBS . Retrieved November 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Luke Cage : Season 1 ( 2016 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Luke Cage : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved September 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Iron Fist : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Iron Fist : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved March 8 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Defenders : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's The Defenders : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Inhumans : Season 1 ( 2017 ) '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved September 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Marvel 's Inhumans : Season 1 '' . Metacritic . Retrieved September 28 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lowery , Brian ( February 24 , 2016 ) . `` TV Review : ' Marvel 's Daredevil , ' Season 2 '' . Variety . 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Jump up ^ Stanhope , Kate ( October 2 , 2015 ) . `` ABC Prepping Marvel Comedy ' Damage Control ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on October 3 , 2015 . Retrieved October 3 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Terri ( January 11 , 2016 ) . `` Second Marvel Comedy In Development At ABC '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2016 . Retrieved January 11 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 17 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel teaming with John Ridley for mysterious superhero project -- exclusive '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2015 . Retrieved April 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( January 9 , 2016 ) . `` John Ridley 's Marvel Series is `` Still Very Much Alive '' `` . IGN . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2016 . Retrieved January 10 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Rice , Lynette ( January 10 , 2017 ) . `` ABC chief addresses Scandal - free fall lineup and the future of OUAT '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on January 10 , 2017 . Retrieved January 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Schwartz , Terri ( January 10 , 2017 ) . `` John Ridley Promises Marvel TV Project Is A ' Unique ' Take On Superhero Genre '' . IGN . Archived from the original on January 11 , 2017 . Retrieved January 11 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Ge , Linda ( August 6 , 2017 ) . `` ABC President `` Not Sure '' If John Ridley Marvel Project Is Still Happening `` . The Tracking Board . Archived from the original on August 10 , 2017 . Retrieved August 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rose , Lacey ( May 17 , 2016 ) . `` ABC Entertainment Chief Talks ' Castle 's ' Demise , Shonda Rhimes ' Future and More Marvel '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on May 17 , 2016 . Retrieved May 17 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( April 9 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel developing Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff for ABC -- exclusive '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on April 9 , 2015 . Retrieved April 9 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( April 20 , 2015 ) . `` Adrianne Palick & Nick Blood Eyed To Topline Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Spinoff '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on April 21 , 2015 . Retrieved April 20 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( May 7 , 2015 ) . `` ' Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' Spinoff Not Going Forward At ABC '' . Deadline.com . Archived from the original on May 8 , 2015 . Retrieved May 8 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( August 20 , 2015 ) . `` Adrianne Palicki , Nick Blood to Star in Marvel Pilot for ABC '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( August 20 , 2015 ) . `` Marvel 's Mockingbird Series Starring Adrianne Palicki Lands ABC Pilot Order ( EXCLUSIVE ) '' . Variety . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 21 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( May 12 , 2016 ) . `` ' Marvel 's Most Wanted ' Not Going Forward at ABC '' . Variety . Archived from the original on May 13 , 2016 . Retrieved May 13 , 2016 . External links ( edit ) Marvel Cinematic Universe Feature films Phase One Iron Man The Incredible Hulk Iron Man 2 Thor Captain America : The First Avenger The Avengers accolades Phase Two Iron Man 3 Thor : The Dark World Captain America : The Winter Soldier Guardians of the Galaxy Avengers : Age of Ultron Ant - Man Phase Three Captain America : Civil War Doctor Strange Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Spider - Man : Homecoming Thor : Ragnarok Black Panther Avengers : Infinity War production Ant - Man and the Wasp Untitled Avengers film production Television series ABC Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episodes season 1 5 characters Agent Carter season 1 characters Inhumans `` Behold ... 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Book Portal Live - action television programs based on Marvel Comics TV series Current Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( since 2013 ) Daredevil ( since 2015 ) Jessica Jones ( since 2015 ) Luke Cage ( since 2016 ) Legion ( since 2017 ) Iron Fist ( since 2017 ) The Defenders ( since 2017 ) Inhumans ( since 2017 ) The Gifted ( since 2017 ) Former Spidey Super Stories ( 1974 -- 77 ) The Amazing Spider - Man ( 1977 -- 79 ) The Incredible Hulk ( 1978 -- 82 ) Spider - Man ( Toei ) ( 1978 -- 79 ) Night Man ( 1997 -- 99 ) Mutant X ( 2001 -- 04 ) Blade : The Series ( 2006 ) Agent Carter ( 2015 -- 16 ) Powers ( 2015 -- 16 ) Upcoming The Punisher ( 2017 ) Runaways ( 2017 ) Cloak & Dagger ( 2018 ) Unaired pilot Most Wanted TV films Spider - Man The Incredible Hulk The Return of the Incredible Hulk Dr. Strange Captain America Captain America II : Death Too Soon The Incredible Hulk Returns The Trial of the Incredible Hulk The Death of the Incredible Hulk Power Pack Generation X Nick Fury : Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Man - Thing See also Marvel Television List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Marvel Cinematic Universe portal Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_television_series&oldid=804840139 '' Categories : Marvel Cinematic Universe television programs Hidden categories : All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from January 2017 Featured lists Talk Contents About Wikipedia বাংলা Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Polski Português Suomi 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 October 2017 , at 13 : 14 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when does the defender series start on netflix | ["\n\nSeries\nSeason\nEpisodes\nOriginally released\nShowrunner(s)\nStatus\n\n\nMarvel's Daredevil\n\n1\n13\nApril 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)\nSteven S. DeKnight[75]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2\n13\nMarch 18, 2016 (2016-03-18)\nDoug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[76]\n\n\n\n3[77]\nTBA\nTBA\nPre-production\n\n\nMarvel's Jessica Jones\n\n1\n13\nNovember 20, 2015 (2015-11-20)\nMelissa Rosenberg[78]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2\n13[79]\n2018 (2018)[80]\nPreparing for release\n\n\nMarvel's Luke Cage\n\n1\n13\nSeptember 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)\nCheo Hodari Coker[81]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2\n13[82]\n2018 (2018)[83]\nFilming\n\n\nMarvel's Iron Fist\n\n1\n13\nMarch 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)\nScott Buck[84]\nReleased\n\n\n\n2[85]\nTBA\nTBA\nRaven Metzner[86]\nIn development\n\n\nMarvel's The Defenders\n\n1\n8\nAugust 18, 2017 (2017-08-18)\nMarco Ramirez[87]\nReleased\n\n\nMarvel's The Punisher\n\n1\n13[88]\n2017 (2017)[89]\nSteve Lightfoot[90]\nPreparing for release\n\n"] | ['August 18, 2017'] |
Series
Season
Episodes
Originally released
Showrunner(s)
Status
Marvel's Daredevil
1
13
April 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)
Steven S. DeKnight[75]
Released
2
13
March 18, 2016 (2016-03-18)
Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[76]
3[77]
TBA
TBA
Pre-production
Marvel's Jessica Jones
1
13
November 20, 2015 (2015-11-20)
Melissa Rosenberg[78]
Released
2
13[79]
2018 (2018)[80]
Preparing for release
Marvel's Luke Cage
1
13
September 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)
Cheo Hodari Coker[81]
Released
2
13[82]
2018 (2018)[83]
Filming
Marvel's Iron Fist
1
13
March 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)
Scott Buck[84]
Released
2[85]
TBA
TBA
Raven Metzner[86]
In development
Marvel's The Defenders
1
8
August 18, 2017 (2017-08-18)
Marco Ramirez[87]
Released
Marvel's The Punisher
1
13[88]
2017 (2017)[89]
Steve Lightfoot[90]
Preparing for release
|
[question]: What is the name of the showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1?
[answer]: The showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1 is Steven S. DeKnight. | What is the name of the showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1? | The showrunner for Marvel's Daredevil Season 1 is Steven S. DeKnight. | 1 | 7.315583 | 11 | 114 | 1 |
16,528 | 6,011,841,066,336,381,000 | Marathon | Marathon - wikipedia Marathon Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Marathon ( disambiguation ) . Competitors during the 2007 Berlin Marathon Competitors during the 2014 Orlen Warsaw Marathon The marathon is a long - distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres ( 26.219 miles , or 26 miles 385 yards ) , usually run as a road race . The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides , a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens , who reported the victory . The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896 , though the distance did not become standardized until 1921 . More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year , with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants . Contents ( hide ) 1 History 1.1 Origin 1.2 Modern Olympics marathon 1.3 Marathon mania 1.4 Inclusion of women 2 Distance 2.1 1908 Olympics 2.2 IAAF and world records 3 Marathon races 3.1 Wheelchair division 4 Statistics 4.1 World records and world 's best 4.2 All - time lists 4.2. 1 Notes 4.2. 2 Notes 4.3 Oldest marathoner 4.4 Youngest marathoner 4.5 Participation 4.6 Multiple marathons 5 Olympic medalists 5.1 Men 5.2 Women 6 World Championships medalists 6.1 Men 6.2 Women 7 Running 7.1 Training 7.2 Glycogen and `` the wall '' 7.3 After a marathon 8 Health risks 8.1 Cardiac health 8.2 Hydration 8.3 Body temperature 9 Charity involvement 10 Mars rover marathon 11 See also 12 Notes and references 13 Bibliography 14 External links History ( edit ) Origin ( edit ) Luc - Olivier Merson 's painting depicting the runner announcing the victory at the Battle of Marathon to the people of Athens The name Marathon comes from the legend of Philippides or Pheidippides , the Greek messenger . The legend states that he was sent from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon ( in which he had just fought ) , which took place in August or September , 490 BC . It is said that he ran the entire distance without stopping and burst into the assembly , exclaiming νενικήκαμεν ( nenikēkamen , `` we have won ! '' ) , before collapsing and dying . The account of the run from Marathon to Athens first appears in Plutarch 's On the Glory of Athens in the 1st century AD , which quotes from Heraclides Ponticus 's lost work , giving the runner 's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles . Lucian of Samosata ( 2nd century AD ) also gives the story , but names the runner Philippides ( not Pheidippides ) . There is debate about the historical accuracy of this legend . The Greek historian Herodotus , the main source for the Greco - Persian Wars , mentions Philippides as the messenger who ran from Athens to Sparta asking for help , and then ran back , a distance of over 240 kilometres ( 150 mi ) each way . In some Herodotus manuscripts , the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta is given as Philippides . Herodotus makes no mention of a messenger sent from Marathon to Athens , and relates that the main part of the Athenian army , having fought and won the grueling battle , and fearing a naval raid by the Persian fleet against an undefended Athens , marched quickly back from the battle to Athens , arriving the same day . In 1879 , Robert Browning wrote the poem Pheidippides . Browning 's poem , his composite story , became part of late 19th century popular culture and was accepted as a historic legend . Mount Pentelicus stands between Marathon and Athens , which means that , if Philippides actually made his famous run after the battle , he had to run around the mountain , either to the north or to the south . The latter and more obvious route matches almost exactly the modern Marathon - Athens highway , which follows the lay of the land southwards from Marathon Bay and along the coast , then takes a gentle but protracted climb westwards towards the eastern approach to Athens , between the foothills of Mounts Hymettus and Penteli , and then gently downhill to Athens proper . This route , as it existed when the Olympics were revived in 1896 , was approximately 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) long , and this was the approximate distance originally used for marathon races . However , there have been suggestions that Philippides might have followed another route : a westward climb along the eastern and northern slopes of Mount Penteli to the pass of Dionysos , and then a straight southward downhill path to Athens . This route is considerably shorter , some 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) , but includes a very steep initial climb of more than 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) . Modern Olympics Marathon ( edit ) Main article : Marathons at the Olympics When the modern Olympics began in 1896 , the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event , recalling the glory of ancient Greece . The idea of a marathon race came from Michel Bréal , who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens . This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin , the founder of the modern Olympics , as well as by the Greeks . The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on 22 March 1896 ( Gregorian ) that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes ( with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon , Spyridon `` Spyros '' Louis , coming in fifth at a second race two weeks later ) . The winner of the first Olympic marathon , on 10 April 1896 ( a male - only race ) , was Spyridon Louis , a Greek water - carrier , in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds . The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics was run on the traditional route from Marathon to Athens , ending at Panathinaiko Stadium , the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics . That men 's marathon was won by Italian Stefano Baldini in 2 hours 10 minutes and 55 seconds , a record time for this route until the non-Olympics Athens Classic Marathon of 2014 , when Felix Kandie lowered the course record to 2 hours 10 minutes and 37 seconds . Burton Holmes ' photograph entitled `` 1896 : Three athletes in training for the marathon at the Olympic Games in Athens '' . The women 's marathon was introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics ( Los Angeles , USA ) and was won by Joan Benoit of the United States with a time of 2 hours 24 minutes and 52 seconds . It has become a tradition for the men 's Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar , on the final day of the Olympics . For many years the race finished inside the Olympic stadium ; however , at the 2012 London Olympics , the start and finish were on The Mall , and at the 2016 Rio games , the start and finish were in the Sambódromo , the parade area that serves as a spectator mall for Carnival . Often , the men 's marathon medals are awarded during the closing ceremony ( including the 2004 games , 2012 games and 2016 games ) . The Olympic men 's record is 2 : 06 : 32 , set at the 2008 Summer Olympics by Samuel Kamau Wanjiru of Kenya ( average speed about 20.01 kilometres per hour or 12.43 miles per hour ) . The Olympic women 's record is 2 : 23 : 07 , set at the 2012 Summer Olympics by Tiki Gelana of Ethiopia . The men 's London 2012 Summer Olympic marathon winner was Stephen Kiprotich of Uganda ( 2 : 08 : 01 ) . Per capita , the Kalenjin ethnic group of Rift Valley Province in Kenya has produced a highly disproportionate share of marathon and track - and - field winners . Marathon mania ( edit ) Johnny Hayes ' victory at the 1908 Summer Olympics contributed to the early growth of long - distance running and marathoning in the United States . Later that year , races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year 's Day 1909 in Yonkers , New York , marked the early running craze referred to as `` marathon mania '' . Following the 1908 Olympics , the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings : Thanksgiving Day , the day after Christmas , New Year 's Day , Washington 's Birthday , and Lincoln 's Birthday . Frank Shorter 's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes ' win 64 years earlier . In 2014 , an estimated 550,600 runners completed a marathon within the United States . This can be compared to 143,000 in 1980 . Today marathons are held all around the world on a nearly weekly basis . Inclusion of women ( edit ) For a long time after the Olympic marathon started , there were no long - distance races , such as the marathon , for women . Although a few women such as Stamata Revithi had run the marathon distance , they were not included in any official results . Marie - Louise Ledru has been credited as the first woman to complete a marathon , in 1918 . Violet Piercy has been credited as the first woman to be officially timed in a marathon , in 1926 . Arlene Pieper became the first woman to officially finish a marathon in the United States when she completed the Pikes Peak Marathon in Manitou Springs , Colorado , in 1959 . Kathrine Switzer was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon `` officially '' ( with a number ) . However , Switzer 's entry , which was accepted through an `` oversight '' in the screening process , was in `` flagrant violation of the rules '' , and she was treated as an interloper once the error was discovered . Bobbi Gibb had completed the Boston race unofficially the previous year ( 1966 ) , and was later recognized by the race organizers as the women 's winner for that year , as well as 1967 and 1968 . In 2015 Afghanistan held its first marathon ; among those who ran the entire marathon was one woman , Zainab , age 25 , who thus became the first Afghan woman to run in a marathon within her own country . Distance ( edit ) Olympic marathon distances Year Distance ( km ) Distance ( miles ) 1896 40 24.85 1900 40.26 25.02 1904 40 24.85 1906 41.86 26.01 1908 42.195 26.22 1912 40.2 24.98 1920 42.75 26.56 1924 onward 42.195 26.22 The length of an Olympic marathon was not precisely fixed at first , but the marathon races in the first few Olympic Games were about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) , roughly the distance from Marathon to Athens by the longer , flatter route . The exact length depended on the route established for each venue . 1908 Olympics ( edit ) Main article : Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics -- Men 's marathon The International Olympic Committee agreed in 1907 that the distance for the 1908 London Olympic marathon would be about 25 miles or 40 kilometres . The organisers decided on a course of 26 miles from the start at Windsor Castle to the royal entrance to the White City Stadium , followed by a lap ( 586 yards 2 feet ; 536 m ) of the track , finishing in front of the Royal Box . The course was later altered to use a different entrance to the stadium , followed by a partial lap of 385 yards to the same finish . The modern 42.195 km standard distance for the marathon was set by the International Amateur Athletic Federation ( IAAF ) in May 1921 directly from the length used at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . IAAF and World records ( edit ) Samuel Wanjiru raises his hand in acknowledgment of the crowd as he runs to a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic marathon An official IAAF marathon course is 42.195 km ( 42 m tolerance only in excess ) . Course officials add a short course prevention factor of up to one metre per kilometre to their measurements to reduce the risk of a measuring error producing a length below the minimum distance . For events governed by IAAF rules , it is mandatory that the route be marked so that all competitors can see the distance covered in kilometres . The rules make no mention of the use of miles . The IAAF will only recognise world records that are established at events that are run under IAAF rules . For major events , it is customary to publish competitors ' timings at the midway mark and also at 5 km splits ; marathon runners can be credited with world records for lesser distances recognised by the IAAF ( such as 20 km , 30 km and so on ) if such records are established while the runner is running a marathon , and completes the marathon course . Marathon races ( edit ) See also : List of marathon races 2007 Barcelona Marathon Annually , more than 800 marathons are organized worldwide . Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races ( AIMS ) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace over 300 member events in 83 countries and territories . The marathons of Berlin , Boston , Chicago , London , New York City and Tokyo form the biennial World Marathon Majors series , awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series . In 2006 , the editors of Runner 's World selected a `` World 's Top 10 Marathons '' , in which the Amsterdam , Honolulu , Paris , Rotterdam , and Stockholm marathons were featured along with the five original World Marathon Majors events ( excluding Tokyo ) . Other notable large marathons include United States Marine Corps Marathon , Los Angeles , and Rome . The Boston Marathon is the world 's oldest annual marathon , inspired by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held every year since 1897 to celebrate Patriots Day , a holiday marking the beginning of the American Revolution , thereby purposely linking Athenian and American struggle for democracy . The oldest annual marathon in Europe is the Košice Peace Marathon , held since 1924 in Košice , Slovakia . The historic Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996 . The Athens Classic Marathon traces the route of the 1896 Olympic course , starting in Marathon on the eastern coast of Attica , site of the Battle of Marathon of 490 B.C.E. , and ending at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens . The Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Tromsø , Norway at 70 degrees north . Using unofficial and temporary courses , measured by GPS , races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole , in Antarctica and over desert terrain . Other unusual marathons include the Great Wall Marathon on The Great Wall of China , the Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa , the Great Tibetan Marathon -- a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of 3,500 metres ( 11,500 ft ) , and the Polar Circle Marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland . The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents ( Europe and Asia ) during the course of a single event . In the Detroit Free Press Marathon , participants cross the US / Canada border twice . The Niagara Falls International Marathon includes one international border crossing , via the Peace Bridge from Buffalo , New York , United States to Fort Erie , Ontario , Canada . Wheelchair division ( edit ) A pack of Wheelchair Division participants in the 2009 Boston Marathon Many marathons feature a wheelchair division . Typically , those in the wheelchair racing division start their races earlier than their running counterparts . The first wheelchair marathon was in 1974 in Toledo , Ohio , won by Bob Hall in 2 : 54 . Hall competed in the 1975 Boston Marathon and finished in 2 : 58 , inaugurating the introduction of wheelchair divisions into the Boston Marathon . From 1977 the race was declared the US National Wheelchair championship . The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push - rim athlete . Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division ten times and holds the world record at 1 : 18 : 27 , set in Boston in 2004 . Jean Driscoll won eight times ( seven consecutively ) and holds the women 's world record at 1 : 34 : 22 . The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977 , citing safety concerns , but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause . The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York City Marathon and New York Road Runners club had to allow wheelchair athletes to compete , and confirmed this at appeal in 1980 , but the State Supreme Court ruled in 1981 that a ban on wheelchair racers was not discriminatory as the marathon was historically a foot race . However , by 1986 14 wheelchair athletes were competing , and an official wheelchair division was added to the marathon in 2000 . Some of the quickest people to complete a wheel - chair marathon include Thomas Geierpichler ( Austria ) who won gold in men 's T52 - class marathon ( no lower limb function ) in 1 hr 49 min 7 sec in Beijing China , on September 17 , 2008 ; and , Heinz Frei ( Switzerland ) who won the men 's T54 marathon ( for racers with spinal cord injuries ) in a time of 1 hr 20 min and 14 sec in Oita , Japan , October 31 , 1999 . Statistics ( edit ) See also : Marathon world record progression and Marathon year rankings World records and World 's best ( edit ) World records were not officially recognized by the IAAF until 1 January 2004 ; previously , the best times for the marathon were referred to as the ' world best ' . Courses must conform to IAAF standards for a record to be recognized . However , marathon routes still vary greatly in elevation , course , and surface , making exact comparisons impossible . Typically , the fastest times are set over relatively flat courses near sea level , during good weather conditions and with the assistance of pacesetters . The current world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 2 minutes and 57 seconds , set in the Berlin Marathon by Dennis Kimetto of Kenya on 28 September 2014 , an improvement of 26 seconds over the previous record also set in the Berlin Marathon by Wilson Kipsang , also of Kenya on 29 September 2013 . The world record for women was set by Paula Radcliffe of Great Britain in the London Marathon on 13 April 2003 , in 2 hours 15 minutes and 25 seconds . All - time lists ( edit ) Correct as of October 2017 . Men Rank Time Athlete Country Date Place Ref 2 : 02 : 57 Dennis Kipruto Kimetto Kenya 28 September 2014 Berlin 2 : 03 : 03 Kenenisa Bekele Ethiopia 25 September 2016 Berlin 2 : 03 : 05 Eliud Kipchoge Kenya 24 April 2016 London 2 : 03 : 13 Emmanuel Mutai Kenya 28 September 2014 Berlin Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich Kenya 25 September 2016 Berlin 6 2 : 03 : 38 Patrick Makau Musyoki Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin 7 2 : 03 : 46 Guye Adola Ethiopia 24 September 2017 Berlin 8 2 : 03 : 51 Stanley Biwott Kenya 24 April 2016 London 9 2 : 03 : 59 Haile Gebrselassie Ethiopia 28 September 2008 Berlin 10 2 : 04 : 11 Tamirat Tola Ethiopia 20 January 2017 Dubai 11 2 : 04 : 15 Geoffrey Mutai Kenya 9 September 2012 Berlin 12 2 : 04 : 23 Ayele Abshero Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai 13 2 : 04 : 24 Tesfaye Abera Ethiopia 22 January 2016 Dubai 14 2 : 04 : 27 Duncan Kibet Kirong Kenya 5 April 2009 Rotterdam James Kipsang Kwambai Kenya 5 April 2009 Rotterdam 16 2 : 04 : 28 Sammy Kirop Kitwara Kenya 12 October 2014 Chicago 17 2 : 04 : 32 Tsegaye Mekonnen Ethiopia 24 January 2014 Dubai Dickson Kiptolo Chumba Kenya 12 October 2014 Chicago 19 2 : 04 : 33 Lemi Berhanu Ethiopia 22 January 2016 Dubai 20 2 : 04 : 38 Tsegay Kebede Ethiopia 7 October 2012 Chicago 21 2 : 04 : 45 Lelisa Desisa Benti Ethiopia 25 January 2013 Dubai 22 2 : 04 : 48 Yemane Adhane Ethiopia 15 April 2012 Rotterdam Berhanu Shiferaw Ethiopia 25 January 2013 Dubai 24 2 : 04 : 49 Tadesse Tola Ethiopia 25 January 2013 Dubai 25 2 : 04 : 50 Dino Sefer Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai Getu Feleke Ethiopia 15 April 2012 Rotterdam Notes ( edit ) Eliud Kipchoge ( Kenya ) ran a time of 2 : 00 : 25 at the Nike Breaking2 in Monza on 6 May 2017 that was run with the use of fuel and hydration on demand , and in - out pacemakers . Therefore this attempt will not be eligible for official ratification . Geoffrey Mutai ( Kenya ) ran a time of 2 : 03 : 02 at the Boston Marathon on 18 April 2011 that was run on an assisted course ( in the case of Boston , a point - to - point , net downhill course in excess of the standards ) and is therefore ineligible for record purposes per IAAF rule 260.28 Moses Mosop ( Kenya ) ran a time of 2 : 03 : 06 at the Boston Marathon on 18 April 2011 that was run on an assisted course and is therefore ineligible for record purposes per IAAF rule 260.28 Below is a list of all other times equal or superior to 2 : 04 : 11 : Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich also ran 2 : 03 : 23 ( 2013 ) , 2 : 03 : 42 ( 2011 ) , 2 : 03.58 ( 2017 ) . Dennis Kimetto also ran 2 : 03 : 45 ( 2013 ) . Emmanuel Mutai also ran 2 : 03 : 52 ( 2013 ) . Eliud Kipchoge also ran 2 : 03 : 32 ( 2017 ) , 2 : 04 : 00 ( 2015 ) , 2 : 04 : 05 ( 2013 ) , 2 : 04 : 11 ( 2014 ) . Women Rank Time Athlete Country Date Location Ref 2 : 15 : 25 Paula Radcliffe United Kingdom 13 April 2003 London 2 : 17 : 01 Mary Jepkosgei Keitany Kenya 23 April 2017 London 2 : 17 : 56 Tirunesh Dibaba Ethiopia 23 April 2017 London 2 : 18 : 47 Catherine Ndereba Kenya 7 October 2001 Chicago 5 2 : 18 : 58 Tiki Gelana Ethiopia 15 April 2012 Rotterdam 6 2 : 19 : 12 Mizuki Noguchi Japan 25 September 2005 Berlin 7 2 : 19 : 19 Irina Mikitenko Germany 28 September 2008 Berlin 8 2 : 19 : 25 Gladys Cherono Kenya 27 September 2015 Berlin 9 2 : 19 : 31 Aselefech Mergia Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai 10 2 : 19 : 34 Lucy Kabuu Kenya 27 January 2012 Dubai 11 2 : 19 : 36 Deena Kastor United States 23 April 2006 London 12 2 : 19 : 39 Sun Yingjie China 19 October 2003 Beijing 13 2 : 19 : 41 Yoko Shibui Japan 26 September 2003 Berlin Tirfi Tsegaye Beyene Ethiopia 22 January 2016 Dubai 15 2 : 19 : 44 Florence Kiplagat Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin 16 2 : 19 : 46 Naoko Takahashi Japan 30 September 2001 Berlin 17 2 : 19 : 47 Sarah Chepchirchir Kenya 26 February 2017 Tokyo 18 2 : 19 : 50 Edna Kiplagat Kenya 22 April 2012 London 19 2 : 19 : 51 Zhou Chunxiu China 12 March 2006 Seoul 20 2 : 19 : 52 Mare Dibaba Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai 21 2 : 19 : 57 Rita Sitienei Jeptoo Kenya 13 October 2013 Chicago 22 2 : 20 : 14 Priscah Jeptoo Kenya 22 April 2012 London 23 2 : 20 : 22 Brigid Kosgei Kenya 8 October 2017 Chicago 24 2 : 20 : 27 Feyse Tadese Ethiopia 28 September 2014 Berlin 25 2 : 20 : 30 Bezunesh Bekele Ethiopia 27 January 2012 Dubai Aberu Kebede Ethiopia 30 September 2012 Berlin Notes ( edit ) Liliya Shobukhova ( Russia ) ran a time of 2 : 18 : 20 at the Chicago Marathon on 9 October 2011 that was annulled due to doping offense . Rita Sitienei Jeptoo ( Kenya ) ran a time of 2 : 18 : 57 at the Boston Marathon on 21 April 2014 that was run on an assisted course and is therefore ineligible for record purposes per IAAF rule 260.28 . Bizunesh Deba ( Ethiopia ) ran a time of 2 : 19 : 59 at the Boston Marathon on 21 April 2014 that was run on an assisted course and is therefore ineligible for record purposes per IAAF rule 260.28 . Wei Yanan ( China ) ran a time of 2 : 20 : 23 at the Beijing Marathon on 20 October 2002 that was annulled due to doping offense . Below is a list of all other times equal or superior to 2 : 20 : 00 : Paula Radcliffe also ran 2 : 17 : 18 , 2 : 17 : 42 , 2 : 18 : 56 ( 2002 ) . Tirunesh Dibaba also ran 2 : 18 : 30 ( 2017 ) . Mary Jepkosgei Keitany also ran 2 : 18 : 37 ( 2012 ) , 2 : 19 : 19 ( 2011 ) . Catherine Ndereba also ran 2 : 19 : 26 ( 2002 ) , 2 : 19 : 55 ( 2003 ) . Mare Dibaba also ran 2 : 19 : 52 ( 2015 ) . Rita Sitienei Jeptoo also ran 2 : 19 : 57 ( 2013 ) . Oldest marathoner ( edit ) Fauja Singh , then 100 , finished the Toronto Waterfront Marathon , becoming the first centenarian ever to officially complete that distance . Singh , a British citizen , finished the race on 16 October 2011 with a time of 8 : 11 : 05.9 , making him the oldest marathoner . Because Singh could not produce a birth certificate from rural 1911 Colonial India , the place of his birth , his age could not be verified and his record was not accepted by the official governing body World Masters Athletics . Gladys Burrill , a 92 - year - old Prospect , Oregon woman and part - time resident of Hawaii , previously held the Guinness World Records title of oldest person to complete a marathon with her 9 hours 53 minutes performance at the 2010 Honolulu Marathon . The records of the Association of Road Racing Statisticians , at that time , however , suggested that Singh was overall the oldest marathoner , completing the 2004 London Marathon at the age of 93 years and 17 days , and that Burrill was the oldest female marathoner , completing the 2010 Honolulu Marathon at the age of 92 years and 19 days . Singh 's age was also reported to be 93 by other sources . In 2015 , 92 - yr - old Harriette Thompson of Charlotte , North Carolina , completed the Rock ' n ' Roll San Diego Marathon in 7 hours 24 minutes 36 seconds , thus becoming the oldest woman to complete a marathon . While Gladys Burrill was 92 years and 19 days old when she completed her record - setting marathon , Harriette Thompson was 92 years and 65 days old when she completed hers . Youngest marathoner ( edit ) Budhia Singh , a boy from Odisha , India , completed his first marathon at age three . He trained under the coach Biranchi Das , who saw potential in him . In May 2006 , Budhia was temporarily banned from running by the ministers of child welfare , as his life could be at risk . His coach was also arrested for exploiting and cruelty to a child . Budhia is now at a state - run sports academy . Participation ( edit ) In 2016 , Running USA estimated that there were approximately 507,600 marathon finishers in the United States , while other sources reported greater than 550,000 finishers . The chart below from Running USA provides the estimated U.S. Marathon Finisher totals going back to 1976 . Year Estimated U.S. Marathon Finisher Total 1976 25,000 1980 143,000 224,000 1995 293,000 2000 353,000 386,000 2005 395,000 2006 410,000 2007 412,000 2008 425,000 2009 467,000 507,000 2011 518,000 2012 487,000 ( NYC Marathon cancelled ) 2013 541,000 2014 550,600 ( Record High ) 2015 509,000 2016 507,600 Marathon running has become an obsession in China , with 22 marathon races in 2011 increasing to 400 in 2017 . In 2015 , 75 Chinese runners participated in the Boston Marathon and this increased to 278 in 2017 . Multiple marathons ( edit ) As marathon running has become more popular , some athletes have undertaken challenges involving running a series of marathons . The 100 Marathon Club is intended to provide a focal point for all runners , particularly from the United Kingdom or Ireland , who have completed 100 or more races of marathon distance or longer . At least 10 of these events must be United Kingdom or Ireland Road Marathons . Club chairman Roger Biggs has run more than 700 marathons or ultras . Brian Mills completed his 800th marathon on 17 September 2011 . Steve Edwards , a member of the 100 Marathon Club , set the world record for running 500 marathons in the fastest average finish time of 3 hours 15 minutes , at the same time becoming the first man to run 500 marathons with an official time below 3 hours 30 minutes , on 11 November 2012 at Milton Keynes , England . The records took 24 years to achieve . Edwards was 49 at the time . Over 350 individuals have completed a marathon in each state of the United States plus Washington , D.C. and some have done it as many as eight times . Beverly Paquin , a 22 - year - old nurse from Iowa , was the youngest woman to run a marathon in all 50 states in 2010 . A few weeks later , still in 2010 , Morgan Cummings ( also 22 ) became the youngest woman to complete a marathon in all 50 states and DC . In 2004 , Chuck Bryant of Miami , Florida , who lost his right leg below the knee , became the first amputee to finish this circuit . Bryant has completed a total of 59 marathons on his prosthesis . Twenty - seven people have run a marathon on each of the seven continents , and 31 people have run a marathon in each of the Canadian provinces . In 1980 , in what was termed the Marathon of Hope , Terry Fox , who had lost a leg to cancer and so ran with one artificial leg , attained 5,373 kilometres ( 3,339 mi ) of his proposed cross-Canada cancer fundraising run , maintaining an average of over 37 kilometres ( 23 mi ) , close to the planned marathon distance , for each of 143 consecutive days . Kevin Counihan ( right ) , of the Achilles Track Club , with his guide , running the 2011 Boston Marathon . He completed his 150th marathon at Boston in April 2014 . On 25 September 2011 , Patrick Finney of Grapevine , Texas became the first person with multiple sclerosis to finish a marathon in each state of the United States . In 2004 , `` the disease had left him unable to walk . But unwilling to endure a life of infirmity , Finney managed to regain his ability to balance on two feet , to walk -- and eventually to run -- through extensive rehabilitation therapy and new medications . '' In 2003 British adventurer Sir Ranulph Fiennes completed seven marathons on seven continents in seven days . He completed this feat despite suffering from a heart attack and undergoing a double heart bypass operation just four months before . This feat has since been eclipsed by Irish ultramarathon runner Richard Donovan who in 2009 completed seven marathons on seven continents in under 132 hours ( five and a half days ) . Starting 1 February 2012 he improved on this by completing the 7 on 7 in under 120 hours or in less than five days . On 30 November 2013 , 69 - year - old Larry Macon set a Guinness World Record for Most Marathons Run in a Year by Man by running 238 marathons . Larry Macon celebrated his 1,000 th career marathon at the Cowtown Marathon in Ft . Worth on 24 February 2013 . Other goals are to attempt to run marathons on a series of consecutive weekends ( Richard Worley on 159 weekends ) , or to run the most marathons during a particular year or the most in a lifetime . A pioneer in running multiple marathons was Sy Mah of Toledo , Ohio , who ran 524 before he died in 1988 . As of 30 June 2007 , Horst Preisler of Germany had successfully completed 1214 marathons plus 347 ultramarathons , a total of 1561 events at marathon distance or longer . Sigrid Eichner , Christian Hottas and Hans - Joachim Meyer have also all completed over 1000 marathons each . Norm Frank of the United States is credited with 945 marathons . Christian Hottas is meanwhile the first runner who ever completed 2000 marathons . He ran his 2000th at TUI Marathon Hannover on 5 May 2013 together with a group of more than 80 friends from 11 countries , including 8 officers from the 100 Marathons Clubs U.K. , North - America , Germany , Denmark , Austria and Italy . Hottas completed his 2500th marathon on 4 December 2016 . In 2010 , Stefaan Engels , a Belgian , set out to run the marathon distance every day of the year . Because of a foot injury he had to resort to a handbike near the end of January 2010 . However , on 5 February he was fully recovered and decided to reset the counter back to zero . By 30 March he broke the existing record of Akinori Kusuda , from Japan , who completed 52 marathons in a row in 2009 . On 5 February 2011 , Engels had run 365 marathon distances in as many days . Ricardo Abad Martínez , from Spain , later ran 150 marathons in 150 consecutive days in 2009 , and subsequently 500 marathons in a row , from October 2010 to February 2012 . Some runners compete to run the same marathons for the most consecutive years . For example , Johnny Kelley completed 61 Boston Marathons . Currently , the longest consecutive streak of Boston Marathon finishes -- 45 in a row -- is held by Bennett Beach , of Bethesda , Maryland . Olympic medalists ( edit ) Men ( edit ) Games Gold Silver Bronze 1896 Athens details Spiridon Louis ( GRE ) Charilaos Vasilakos ( GRE ) Gyula Kellner ( HUN ) 1900 Paris details Michel Théato ( FRA ) Émile Champion ( FRA ) Ernst Fast ( SWE ) 1904 St. Louis details Thomas Hicks ( USA ) Albert Corey ( USA ) Arthur Newton ( USA ) 1908 London details Johnny Hayes ( USA ) Charles Hefferon ( RSA ) Joseph Forshaw ( USA ) 1912 Stockholm details Ken McArthur ( RSA ) Christian Gitsham ( RSA ) Gaston Strobino ( USA ) 1920 Antwerp details Hannes Kolehmainen ( FIN ) Jüri Lossmann ( EST ) Valerio Arri ( ITA ) 1924 Paris details Albin Stenroos ( FIN ) Romeo Bertini ( ITA ) Clarence DeMar ( USA ) 1928 Amsterdam details Boughera El Ouafi ( FRA ) Manuel Plaza ( CHI ) Martti Marttelin ( FIN ) 1932 Los Angeles details Juan Carlos Zabala ( ARG ) Sam Ferris ( GBR ) Armas Toivonen ( FIN ) 1936 Berlin details Sohn Kee - chung ( JPN ) Ernest Harper ( GBR ) Nan Shoryu ( JPN ) 1948 London details Delfo Cabrera ( ARG ) Tom Richards ( GBR ) Étienne Gailly ( BEL ) 1952 Helsinki details Emil Zátopek ( TCH ) Reinaldo Gorno ( ARG ) Gustaf Jansson ( SWE ) 1956 Melbourne details Alain Mimoun ( FRA ) Franjo Mihalić ( YUG ) Veikko Karvonen ( FIN ) 1960 Rome details Abebe Bikila ( ETH ) Rhadi Ben Abdesselam ( MAR ) Barry Magee ( NZL ) 1964 Tokyo details Abebe Bikila ( ETH ) Basil Heatley ( GBR ) Kokichi Tsuburaya ( JPN ) 1968 Mexico City details Mamo Wolde ( ETH ) Kenji Kimihara ( JPN ) Mike Ryan ( NZL ) 1972 Munich details Frank Shorter ( USA ) Karel Lismont ( BEL ) Mamo Wolde ( ETH ) 1976 Montreal details Waldemar Cierpinski ( GDR ) Frank Shorter ( USA ) Karel Lismont ( BEL ) 1980 Moscow details Waldemar Cierpinski ( GDR ) Gerard Nijboer ( NED ) Satymkul Dzhumanazarov ( URS ) 1984 Los Angeles details Carlos Lopes ( POR ) John Treacy ( IRL ) Charlie Spedding ( GBR ) 1988 Seoul details Gelindo Bordin ( ITA ) Douglas Wakiihuri ( KEN ) Ahmed Salah ( DJI ) 1992 Barcelona details Hwang Young - cho ( KOR ) Koichi Morishita ( JPN ) Stephan Freigang ( GER ) 1996 Atlanta details Josia Thugwane ( RSA ) Lee Bong - ju ( KOR ) Erick Wainaina ( KEN ) 2000 Sydney details Gezahegne Abera ( ETH ) Erick Wainaina ( KEN ) Tesfaye Tola ( ETH ) 2004 Athens details Stefano Baldini ( ITA ) Mebrahtom Keflezighi ( USA ) Vanderlei de Lima ( BRA ) 2008 Beijing details Samuel Wanjiru ( KEN ) Jaouad Gharib ( MAR ) Tsegay Kebede ( ETH ) 2012 London details Stephen Kiprotich ( UGA ) Abel Kirui ( KEN ) Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich ( KEN ) 2016 Rio de Janeiro details Eliud Kipchoge ( KEN ) Feyisa Lelisa ( ETH ) Galen Rupp ( USA ) Women ( edit ) Games Gold Silver Bronze 1984 Los Angeles details Joan Benoit ( USA ) Grete Waitz ( NOR ) Rosa Mota ( POR ) 1988 Seoul details Rosa Mota ( POR ) Lisa Martin ( AUS ) Katrin Dörre ( GDR ) 1992 Barcelona details Valentina Yegorova ( EUN ) Yuko Arimori ( JPN ) Lorraine Moller ( NZL ) 1996 Atlanta details Fatuma Roba ( ETH ) Valentina Yegorova ( RUS ) Yuko Arimori ( JPN ) 2000 Sydney details Naoko Takahashi ( JPN ) Lidia Șimon ( ROU ) Joyce Chepchumba ( KEN ) 2004 Athens details Mizuki Noguchi ( JPN ) Catherine Ndereba ( KEN ) Deena Kastor ( USA ) 2008 Beijing details Constantina Tomescu ( ROU ) Catherine Ndereba ( KEN ) Zhou Chunxiu ( CHN ) 2012 London details Tiki Gelana ( ETH ) Priscah Jeptoo ( KEN ) Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova ( RUS ) 2016 Rio de Janeiro details Jemima Sumgong ( KEN ) Eunice Kirwa ( BRN ) Mare Dibaba ( ETH ) World Championships medalists ( edit ) Men ( edit ) Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinki details Robert de Castella ( AUS ) Kebede Balcha ( ETH ) Waldemar Cierpinski ( GDR ) 1987 Rome details Douglas Wakiihuri ( KEN ) Hussein Ahmed Salah ( DJI ) Gelindo Bordin ( ITA ) 1991 Tokyo details Hiromi Taniguchi ( JPN ) Hussein Ahmed Salah ( DJI ) Steve Spence ( USA ) 1993 Stuttgart details Mark Plaatjes ( USA ) Luketz Swartbooi ( NAM ) Bert van Vlaanderen ( NED ) 1995 Gothenburg details Martín Fiz ( ESP ) Dionicio Cerón ( MEX ) Luíz Antônio dos Santos ( BRA ) 1997 Athens details Abel Antón ( ESP ) Martín Fiz ( ESP ) Steve Moneghetti ( AUS ) 1999 Seville details Abel Antón ( ESP ) Vincenzo Modica ( ITA ) Nobuyuki Sato ( JPN ) 2001 Edmonton details Gezahegne Abera ( ETH ) Simon Biwott ( KEN ) Stefano Baldini ( ITA ) 2003 Saint - Denis details Jaouad Gharib ( MAR ) Julio Rey ( ESP ) Stefano Baldini ( ITA ) 2005 Helsinki details Jaouad Gharib ( MAR ) Christopher Isengwe ( TAN ) Tsuyoshi Ogata ( JPN ) 2007 Osaka details Luke Kibet ( KEN ) Mubarak Hassan Shami ( QAT ) Viktor Röthlin ( SUI ) 2009 Berlin details Abel Kirui ( KEN ) Emmanuel Mutai ( KEN ) Tsegaye Kebede ( ETH ) 2011 Daegu details Abel Kirui ( KEN ) Vincent Kipruto ( KEN ) Feyisa Lilesa ( ETH ) 2013 Moscow details Stephen Kiprotich ( UGA ) Lelisa Desisa ( ETH ) Tadese Tola ( ETH ) 2015 Beijing details Ghirmay Ghebreslassie ( ERI ) Yemane Tsegay ( ETH ) Solomon Mutai ( UGA ) 2017 London details Geoffrey Kirui ( KEN ) Tamirat Tola ( ETH ) Alphonce Simbu ( TAN ) Women ( edit ) Championships Gold Silver Bronze 1983 Helsinki details Grete Waitz ( NOR ) Marianne Dickerson ( USA ) Raisa Smekhnova ( URS ) 1987 Rome details Rosa Mota ( POR ) Zoya Ivanova ( URS ) Jocelyne Villeton ( FRA ) 1991 Tokyo details Wanda Panfil ( POL ) Sachiko Yamashita ( JPN ) Katrin Dörre ( GER ) 1993 Stuttgart details Junko Asari ( JPN ) Manuela Machado ( POR ) Tomoe Abe ( JPN ) 1995 Gothenburg details Manuela Machado ( POR ) Anuța Cătună ( ROU ) Ornella Ferrara ( ITA ) 1997 Athens details Hiromi Suzuki ( JPN ) Manuela Machado ( POR ) Lidia Slăvuțeanu ( ROU ) 1999 Seville details Jong Song - ok ( PRK ) Ari Ichihashi ( JPN ) Lidia Șimon ( ROU ) 2001 Edmonton details Lidia Șimon ( ROU ) Reiko Tosa ( JPN ) Svetlana Zakharova ( RUS ) 2003 Saint - Denis details Catherine Ndereba ( KEN ) Mizuki Noguchi ( JPN ) Masako Chiba ( JPN ) 2005 Helsinki details Paula Radcliffe ( GBR ) Catherine Ndereba ( KEN ) Constantina Diţă - Tomescu ( ROU ) 2007 Osaka details Catherine Ndereba ( KEN ) Zhou Chunxiu ( CHN ) Reiko Tosa ( JPN ) 2009 Berlin details Bai Xue ( CHN ) Yoshimi Ozaki ( JPN ) Aselefech Mergia ( ETH ) 2011 Daegu details Edna Kiplagat ( KEN ) Priscah Jeptoo ( KEN ) Sharon Cherop ( KEN ) 2013 Moscow details Edna Kiplagat ( KEN ) Valeria Straneo ( ITA ) Kayoko Fukushi ( JPN ) 2015 Beijing details Mare Dibaba ( ETH ) Helah Kiprop ( KEN ) Eunice Kirwa ( BHR ) 2017 London details Rose Chelimo ( BHR ) Edna Kiplagat ( KEN ) Amy Cragg ( USA ) Running ( edit ) Start of the 2009 Stockholm Marathon Most participants do not run a marathon to win . More important for most runners is their personal finish time and their placement within their specific gender and age group , though some runners just want to finish . Strategies for completing a marathon include running the whole distance and a run -- walk strategy . In 2005 , the average marathon time in the U.S. was 4 hours 32 minutes 8 seconds for men , 5 hours 6 minutes 8 seconds for women . In 2015 , the men 's and women 's median marathon times were 4 hours 20 minutes 13 seconds and 4 hours 45 minutes 30 seconds respectively . A goal many runners aim for is to break certain time barriers . For example , recreational first - timers often try to run the marathon under four hours ; more competitive runners may attempt to finish under three hours . Other benchmarks are the qualifying times for major marathons . The Boston Marathon , the oldest marathon in the United States , requires a qualifying time for all non-professional runners . The New York City Marathon also requires a qualifying time for guaranteed entry , at a significantly faster pace than Boston 's . Typically , there is a maximum allowed time of about six hours after which the marathon route is closed , although some larger marathons keep the course open considerably longer ( eight hours or more ) . Many marathons around the world have such time limits by which all runners must have crossed the finish line . Anyone slower than the limit will be picked up by a sweeper bus . In many cases the marathon organizers are required to reopen the roads to the public so that traffic can return to normal . With the growth in popularity of marathoning , many marathons across the United States and the world have been filling to capacity faster than ever before . When the Boston Marathon opened up registration for its 2011 running , the field capacity was filled within eight hours . Training ( edit ) MoonWalk is a nocturnal charity marathon to raise money for breast cancer research . The long run is an important element in marathon training . Recreational runners commonly try to reach a maximum of about 32 km ( 20 mi ) in their longest weekly run and a total of about 64 km ( 40 mi ) a week when training for the marathon , but wide variability exists in practice and in recommendations . More experienced marathoners may run a longer distance during the week . Greater weekly training mileages can offer greater results in terms of distance and endurance , but also carry a greater risk of training injury . Most male elite marathon runners will have weekly mileages of over 160 km ( 100 mi ) . It is recommended that those new to running should get a checkup from their doctor , as there are certain warning signs and risk factors that should be evaluated before undertaking any new workout program , especially marathon training . Many training programs last a minimum of five or six months , with a gradual increase in the distance run and finally , for recovery , a period of tapering in the weeks preceding the race . For beginners wishing to merely finish a marathon , a minimum of four months of running four days a week is recommended . Many trainers recommend a weekly increase in mileage of no more than 10 % . It is also often advised to maintain a consistent running program for six weeks or so before beginning a marathon training program , to allow the body to adapt to the new stresses . The marathon training program itself would suppose variation between hard and easy training , with a periodization of the general plan . Training programs can be found at the websites of Runner 's World , Hal Higdon , Jeff Galloway , and the Boston Athletic Association , and in numerous other published sources , including the websites of specific marathons . The last long training run might be undertaken up to two weeks prior to the event . Many marathon runners also `` carbo - load '' ( increase carbohydrate intake while holding total caloric intake constant ) during the week before the marathon to allow their bodies to store more glycogen . Glycogen and `` the wall '' ( edit ) Main article : Hitting the wall A competitor collapses just prior to the finish line of the 2006 Melbourne Marathon Carbohydrates that a person eats are converted by the liver and muscles into glycogen for storage . Glycogen burns rapidly to provide quick energy . Runners can store about 8 MJ or 2,000 kcal worth of glycogen in their bodies , enough for about 30 km / 18 -- 20 miles of running . Many runners report that running becomes noticeably more difficult at that point . When glycogen runs low , the body must then obtain energy by burning stored fat , which does not burn as readily . When this happens , the runner will experience dramatic fatigue and is said to `` hit the wall '' . The aim of training for the marathon , according to many coaches , is to maximize the limited glycogen available so that the fatigue of the `` wall '' is not as dramatic . This is accomplished in part by utilizing a higher percentage of energy from burned fat even during the early phase of the race , thus conserving glycogen . Carbohydrate - based `` energy gels '' are used by runners to avoid or reduce the effect of `` hitting the wall '' , as they provide easy to digest energy during the run . Energy gels usually contain varying amounts of sodium and potassium and some also contain caffeine . They need to be consumed with a certain amount of water . Recommendations for how often to take an energy gel during the race range widely . A runner getting encouragement at Mile 25 of the Boston Marathon Alternatives to gels include various forms of concentrated sugars , and foods high in simple carbohydrates that can be digested easily . Many runners experiment with consuming energy supplements during training runs to determine what works best for them . Consumption of food while running sometimes makes the runner sick . Runners are advised not to ingest a new food or medicine just prior to or during a race . It is also important to refrain from taking any of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory class of pain relievers ( NSAIDs , e.g. , aspirin , ibuprofen , naproxen ) , as these drugs may change the way the kidneys regulate their blood flow and may lead to serious kidney problems , especially in cases involving moderate to severe dehydration . NSAIDS block the COX - 2 enzyme pathway to prevent the production of prostaglandins . These prostaglandins may act as inflammation factors throughout the body , but they also play a crucial role in maintenance of water retention . In less than 5 % of the whole population that take NSAIDS , individuals may be more negatively sensitive to renal prostaglandin synthesis inhibition . After a Marathon ( edit ) Marathon participation may result in various medical , musculoskeletal , and dermatological complaints . Delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) is a common condition affecting runners during the first week following a marathon . Various types of mild exercise or massage have been recommended to alleviate pain secondary to DOMS . Dermatological issues frequently include `` jogger 's nipple '' , `` jogger 's toe '' , and blisters . The immune system is reportedly suppressed for a short time . Changes to the blood chemistry may lead physicians to mistakenly diagnose heart malfunction . After long training runs and the marathon itself , consuming carbohydrates to replace glycogen stores and protein to aid muscle recovery is commonly recommended . In addition , soaking the lower half of the body for approximately 20 minutes in cold or ice water may force blood through the leg muscles to speed recovery . Health risks ( edit ) See also : List of marathon fatalities Marathon running has various health risks . Training and the races themselves put runners under stress . While rare , even death is a possibility during a race . Common health risks include injury such as blisters , tendonitis , fatigue , knee or ankle sprain , dehydration ( electrolyte imbalance ) , and other conditions . Many are categorised as overuse injuries . Cardiac health ( edit ) Officers patrolling a marathon course in Ukraine In 2016 , a systematic medical review found that the risk of sudden cardiac death during or immediately after a marathon was between 0.6 and 1.9 deaths per 100,000 participants , varying across the specific studies and the methods used , and not controlling for age or gender . Since the risk is small , cardiac screening programs for marathons are uncommon . However , this review was not an attempt to assess the overall cardiac health impact of marathon running . A 2006 study of non-elite Boston Marathon participants tested runners for certain proteins that indicate heart damage or dysfunction ( see Troponin ) and gave them echocardiogram scans , before and after the marathon . The study revealed that , in that sample of 60 people , runners who had done less than 56 km ( 35 mi ) of weekly training before the race were most likely to show some heart damage or dysfunction , while runners who had done more than 72 km ( 45 mi ) of weekly training showed few or no heart problems . According to a Canadian study presented in 2010 , running a marathon can temporarily result in decreased function of more than half the muscle segments in the heart 's main pumping chamber , but neighboring segments are generally able to compensate . Full recovery is reached within one to three months . The fitter the runner , the less the effect . According to one of the researchers : `` Regular exercise reduces cardiovascular risk by a factor of two or three in the long run , but while we 're doing vigorous exercise such as marathon running , our cardiac risk increases by seven . '' Hydration ( edit ) A volunteer hands out fluids at a marathon water stop Overconsumption is the most significant concern associated with water consumption during marathons . Drinking excessive amounts of fluid during a race can lead to dilution of sodium in the blood , a condition called exercise - associated hyponatremia , which may result in vomiting , seizures , coma and even death . Dr. Lewis G. Maharam , medical director for the New York City Marathon , stated in 2005 : `` There are no reported cases of dehydration causing death in the history of world running , but there are plenty of cases of people dying of hyponatremia . '' For example , Dr. Cynthia Lucero died at the age of 28 while participating in the 2002 Boston Marathon . It was Lucero 's second marathon . At mile 22 , Lucero complained of feeling `` dehydrated and rubber - legged . '' She soon wobbled and collapsed to the ground , and was unconscious by the time the paramedics reached her . Lucero was admitted to Brigham and Women 's Hospital and died two days later . Lucero 's cause of death was determined to be hyponatremic encephalopathy , a condition that causes swelling of the brain due to an imbalance of sodium in the blood known as exercise - associated hyponatremia ( EAH ) . While EAH is sometimes referred to as `` water intoxication , '' Lucero drank large amounts of Gatorade during the race , demonstrating that runners who consume sodium - containing sports drinks in excess of thirst can still develop EAH . Because hyponatremia is caused by excessive water retention , and not just loss of sodium , consumption of sports drinks or salty foods may not prevent hyponatremia . Women are more prone to hyponatremia than men . A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that 13 % of runners completing the 2002 Boston Marathon had hyponatremia . Fluid intake should be adjusted individually as factors such as body weight , sex , climate , pace , fitness ( VO max ) , and sweat rate are just a few variables that change fluid requirements between people and races . The International Marathon Medical Directors Association ( IMMDA ) advises that runners drink a sports drink that includes carbohydrates and electrolytes instead of plain water and that runners should `` drink to thirst '' instead of feeling compelled to drink at every fluid station . Heat exposure leads to diminished thirst drive and thirst may not be a sufficient incentive to drink in many situations . The IMMDA and HSL Harpur Hill give recommendations to drink fluid in small volumes frequently at an approximate rate falling between 100 -- 250 ml ( 3.4 -- 8.5 US fl oz ) every 15 minutes . A patient suffering hyponatremia can be given a small volume of a concentrated salt solution intravenously to raise sodium concentrations in the blood . Some runners weigh themselves before running and write the results on their bibs . If anything goes wrong , first aid workers can use the weight information to tell if the patient had consumed too much water . Body temperature ( edit ) Exertional heat stroke is an emergency condition in which thermoregulation fails and the body temperature rises dangerously above 104 ° F ( 40 ° C ) . It becomes a greater risk in warm and humid weather , even for young and fit individuals . Treatment requires rapid physical cooling of the body . Charity involvement ( edit ) Some charities seek to associate with various races . Some marathon organizers set aside a portion their limited entry slots for charity organizations to sell to members in exchange for donations . Runners are given the option to sign up to run particular races , especially when marathon entries are no longer available to the general public . In some cases , charities organize their own marathon as a fund - raiser ( gaining funds via entry fees or through sponsorships ) . Mars rover Marathon ( edit ) Opportunity 's traverse in 2015 as it approached the Marathon Valley , and the traveled distance of a traditional marathon ( about 42 kilometers ( 26 mi ) ) In 2015 the Mars rover Opportunity attained the distance of a marathon from its starting location on Mars , and the valley where it achieved this distance was called Marathon Valley , which was then explored . See also ( edit ) Athletics portal List of marathon races List of marathoners List of marathoners who are non-running specialists List of marathon national champions ( men ) Pacemaker ( running ) National records in the marathon Ekiden ( marathon relays ) Marathon at the Paralympics Marathon world record progression Half marathon Man versus Horse Marathon Mountain marathon Multiday race Ironman Triathlon Ski marathon 100 Marathon Club Notes and references ( edit ) Notes Jump up ^ In modern Greek the sports event is called Marathonios Dromos ( Μαραθώνιος Δρόμος ) or simply Marathonios . References ^ Jump up to : `` IAAF Competition Rules for Road Races '' . International Association of Athletics Federations . International Association of Athletics Federations. 2009 . Retrieved 1 November 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Marathons in history with > 30,000 finishers '' . AIMS : World Running . Association of International Marathons and Distance Races. 11 July 2016 . 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Jump up ^ Herodotus , The Histories Herodotus makes no mention of a runner following the battle runner , and such a runner is mentioned only in much later sources , Nowadays the story of the `` Marathon runner '' is generally rejected as a fiction , possibly arising from confusion with the runner sent to Sparta before the battle . ( Penguin Books : New York , 1977 ) p. 425 . Jump up ^ Burfoot , Amby ( October 26 , 2010 ) . `` The Truth about Pheidippides and the Early Years of Marathon History '' . Runner 's World . Retrieved 25 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Richard Benyo ; Joe Henderson ( 2002 ) . Running Encyclopedia . Human Kinetics . p. 250 . ISBN 9780736037341 . Retrieved 6 April 2017 . Jump up ^ This date is specified as March 10 in some sources as Greece used the Julian calendar at the time . Jump up ^ Anthony Bijkerk ; David C. Young ( Winter 1999 ) . `` That Memorable First Marathon '' ( PDF ) . Journal of Olympic History . ISOH : 27 . 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Jump up ^ Corey is described in the 1904 Games report as a `` Frenchman wearing the colors of the Chicago Athletic Association '' , but the IOC attributes his medal to the United States . ^ Jump up to : Both Sohn Kee - chung ( Son Kitei ) and Nam Sung - yong ( Nan Shoryu ) were from Korea . The IOC attributes both medals to Japan due to Korea being a Japanese colony at the time . All Korean Olympians during the Japanese colonial rule could only participate in the games as a representative of Japan and had to compete with Japanese names instead of their original Korean names . However , some sources still refer to Son Kitei as the first Korean to win an Olympic marathon today . ^ Jump up to : `` Training programs '' . Hal Higdon . Retrieved 22 August 2009 . Jump up ^ `` 2005 Total USA Marathon Finishers '' . Marathonguide.com . Retrieved 24 April 2008 . Jump up ^ `` 2015 Running USA Annual Marathon Report '' . Running USA . Retrieved 6 May 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Running a sub 3 hour marathon allaboutrunning.net '' . allaboutrunning.net . Archived from the original on 15 February 2009 . Retrieved 22 August 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Boston Athletic Association '' . Bostonmarathon.org . Retrieved 22 August 2009 . Jump up ^ The ING New York City Marathon Jump up ^ Online , sprinters win race : Marathon fills its field in a record 8 hours . Boston.com ( 19 October 2010 ) . Retrieved on 18 April 2013 . Jump up ^ McMillan , Greg The Marathon Long Run . mcmillanrunning.com ^ Jump up to : Daniels , J. ( 2005 ) . Daniels ' Running Formula , 2nd Ed . Human Kinetics Publishing . ISBN 0 - 7360 - 5492 - 8 . Jump up ^ `` Marathon Training Tips '' . Rush University Medical Center . Retrieved 24 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Whitsett et al. ( 1998 ) The Non-Runner's Marathon Trainer . Master 's Press . Jump up ^ Finishing A Marathon Archived 3 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine ... Calendarofmarathons.com . Retrieved on 18 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Burfoot , A. Ed ( 1999 ) . Runner 's World Complete Book of Running : Everything You Need to Know to Run for Fun , Fitness and Competition . Rodale Books . ISBN 1 - 57954 - 186 - 0 . Jump up ^ Marius Bakken . `` Training For A Marathon '' . Marius Bakken 's Marathon Training Schedule . Retrieved 17 April 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Marathon Training at Runner 's World '' . Runnersworld.com. 15 February 2008 . Retrieved 22 August 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Boston Athletic Association '' . Bostonmarathon.org . Archived from the original on 7 March 2012 . Retrieved 1 November 2010 . Jump up ^ `` Hitting the wall for marathon runners '' . Half-marathon-running.com . Archived from the original on 22 March 2017 . Retrieved 22 August 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Klein , Michael ( 3 October 2008 ) . `` Lesser - known Dangers Associated with Running a Marathon '' . E-articles.info . Archived from the original on 17 January 2013 . Jump up ^ Brater , D. Craig ( 17 January 2000 ) . `` Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on renal function : focus on cyclooxygenase − 2 -- selective inhibition '' . The American Journal of Medicine . 107 ( 6 ) : 65 -- 70 . doi : 10.1016 / S0002 - 9343 ( 99 ) 00369 - 1 . Jump up ^ Jaworski CA ( June 2005 ) . `` Medical concerns of marathons '' . Current Sports Medicine Reports . 4 ( 3 ) : 137 -- 43 . PMID 15907265 . doi : 10.1097 / 01. csmr. 0000306196.51994. 5f . ^ Jump up to : Pete Pfitzinger -- Lab Reports -- Recovering From a Marathon , Part One . Pfitzinger.com . Retrieved on 19 April 2011 . Jump up ^ Mailler EA , Adams BB ( August 2004 ) . `` The wear and tear of 26.2 : dermatological injuries reported on marathon day '' . British Journal of Sports Medicine . 38 ( 4 ) : 498 -- 501 . PMC 1724877 . PMID 15273194 . doi : 10.1136 / bjsm. 2004.011874 . Jump up ^ Stouffer Drenth , Tere ( 2003 ) . Marathon Training for Dummies . United States : Wiley Publishing Inc . ISBN 0 - 7645 - 2510 - 7 . Jump up ^ Keener , Candace. ( 27 February 2008 ) HowStuffWorks `` The Health Risks of the Marathon '' . Entertainment.howstuffworks.com . Retrieved on 19 April 2011 . Jump up ^ Waite O , Smith A , Madge L , Spring H , Noret N ( January 2016 ) . `` Sudden cardiac death in marathons : a systematic review '' . The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 44 ( 1 ) : 79 -- 84 . PMID 26765272 . doi : 10.1080 / 00913847.2016. 1135036 . Jump up ^ Neilan TG et al. ( 28 November 2006 ) . `` Myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction related to training levels among non-elite participants in the Boston Marathon '' . Circulation. 114 ( 22 ) : 2325 -- 2533 . PMID 17101848 . doi : 10.1161 / CIRCULATIONAHA. 106.647461 . CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Pappas , Stephanie ( 25 October 2010 ) . `` Temporary Heart Damage May Explain Marathon Deaths '' . Live Science . Retrieved 15 May 2017 . Jump up ^ Gaudreault V et al. ( October 2013 ) . `` Transient Myocardial Tissue and Function Changes During a Marathon in Less Fit Marathon Runners '' . Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 29 ( 10 ) : 1269 -- 1276 . doi : 10.1016 / j. cjca. 2013.04. 022 . CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter ( link ) CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al. ( link ) Jump up ^ Merck Manual : Hyponatremia . Merckmanuals.com . Retrieved on 18 April 2013 . Jump up ^ Kolata , Gina ( 20 October 2005 ) : Marathoners Warned About Too Much Water , NYTimes . Jump up ^ `` Fluid Cited in Marathoner 's Death '' . Associated Press . 13 August 2002 . Retrieved 14 March 2014 . Jump up ^ Noakes , MD , DSc , Tim ( May 1 , 2012 ) . Waterlogged . Human Kinetics . p. 4 . ISBN 145042497X . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) Jump up ^ `` ROAD RACING ; Boston Marathon Runner Dies '' . The New York Times . April 19 , 2002 . Retrieved 14 March 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Doctors : Marathoner Died From Too Much Water '' . WCVB News . Retrieved 14 March 2014 . Jump up ^ Nearman , Steve ( October 23 , 2003 ) . `` Too much of a good thing '' . Washington Times . Retrieved 14 March 2014 . Jump up ^ Almond CS , Shin AY , Fortescue EB , et al. ( April 2005 ) . `` Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon '' . N. Engl. J. Med. 352 ( 15 ) : 1550 -- 6 . PMID 15829535 . doi : 10.1056 / NEJMoa043901 . Jump up ^ Engler , Natalie ( 2003 ) . `` Marathon Dilemma : How Much Water is Too Much ? '' . AMAASportsMed.org . American Running Association . Reuters Health . Archived from the original on 10 November 2015 . Jump up ^ Almond CS , Shin AY , Fortescue EB , et al. ( April 2005 ) . `` Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon '' . The New England Journal of Medicine . 352 ( 15 ) : 1550 -- 6 . PMID 15829535 . doi : 10.1056 / NEJMoa043901 . ^ Jump up to : Writing committee : Lewis G. Maharam , MD. FACSM ( chair ) , Tamara Hew DPM , Arthur Siegel MD , Marv Adner , MD , Bruce Adams , MD and Pedro Pujol , MD , FACSM ( 6 May 2006 ) . `` IMMDA 's REVISED FLUID RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RUNNERS & WALKERS '' . Association of International Marathons and Distance Races . Archived from the original on 27 April 2012 . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list ( link ) ^ Jump up to : Bethea , Damian ; Powell , Shuma ( July 2005 ) . `` Dehydration Review , Report Number HSL / 2005 / 29 '' ( PDF ) . Health & Safety Laboratory Harpur Hill , Buxton , Derbyshire . Jump up ^ `` American College of Sports Medicine position stand : Exertional heat illness during training and competition '' . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise . 39 ( 3 ) : 556 -- 572 . March 2007 . PMID 17473783 . doi : 10.1249 / MSS. 0b013e31802fa199 . Bibliography ( edit ) Hans - Joachim Gehrke , `` From Athenian identity to European ethnicity : The cultural biography of the myth of Marathon , '' in Ton Derks , Nico Roymans ( ed . ) , Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity : The Role of Power and Tradition ( Amsterdam , Amsterdam University Press , 2009 ) ( Amsterdam Archaeological Studies , 13 ) , 85 -- 100 . Hans W. Giessen : Mythos Marathon . Von Herodot über Bréal bis zur Gegenwart . ( = Landauer Schriften zur Kommunikations - und Kulturwissenschaft . Band 17 ) . Verlag Empirische Pädagogik , Landau 2010 Tom Derderian , Boston Marathon : History of the World 's Premier Running Event , Human Kinetics , 1994 , 1996 External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marathons . IAAF list of marathon records in XML Athletics events Track and field Road running Racewalking Racerunning Cross country running Multi-day race Ultramarathon Wheelchair racing Backward running Track Sprints 50 m 55 m 60 m 100 y 100 m 150 m 200 m ( straight ) 300 m 400 m 500 m 600 m Hurdles 50 m 55 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 110 m 200 m ( low ) 300 m 400 m Middle - distance 800 m 1000 m 1500 m One mile 2000 m 2000 m steeplechase 3000 m 3000 m steeplechase Two miles Long - distance 5000 m 10,000 m One hour run Relays 4 × 100 m 4 × 200 m 4 × 400 m 4 × 800 m 4 × 1500 m Distance medley relay Sprint medley relay Swedish relay Walking Mile 3000 m 5000 m 10,000 m 15,000 m 20,000 m Field Throws Discus Hammer Javelin Shot put Weight throw Softball throw Jumps High jump ( standing ) Long jump ( standing ) Triple jump ( standing ) Pole vault Combined Decathlon Heptathlon Athletics pentathlon Women 's pentathlon Throws pentathlon Road Running 5 km 10 km 15 km 10 mi 20 km Half marathon 25 km 30 km Marathon Ekiden Ultramarathon Walking 10 km 20 km 50 km 50 mi 100 km Current Olympic events shown in italics Racing Running Track running Sprinting Middle - distance running Long - distance track event Relay race Hurdling Steeplechase Road running Half marathon Marathon Ultramarathon Ekiden Off - road running Adventure running Cross country running Fell running Trail running Other Tower running Racewalking Orienteering Foot orienteering Mountain bike orienteering Ski orienteering Trail orienteering Radio orienteering Canoe orienteering Rogaining Mountain marathon Car orienteering Bicycle racing Road bicycle racing Cyclo - cross Mountain bike racing Track cycling BMX racing Cycle speedway Keirin Animal racing Camel racing Greyhound racing Horse racing Pigeon racing Sled dog racing Swimming Open water swimming Marathon swimming Paralympic swimming Motorsport Auto racing Formula racing Sports car racing Touring car racing Stock car racing Rallying Drag racing Off - road racing Motorboat racing Drag boat racing Hydroplane racing Jet sprint boat racing Offshore powerboat racing F1 powerboat River marathon racing Other Kart racing Air racing Radio - controlled car racing Slot car racing Multi-sport racing Duathlon Triathlon List of forms of racing GND : 4037441 - 5 NDL : 00567483 Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marathon&oldid=807413406 '' Categories : Marathon running Events in athletics ( track and field ) Road running competitions Athletic culture based on Greek antiquity Greek inventions Long - distance running Running Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics Hidden categories : Articles containing Greek - language text Webarchive template wayback links Webarchive template archiveis links CS1 German - language sources ( de ) Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010 CS1 maint : Uses authors parameter CS1 maint : Explicit use of et al . CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list Use dmy dates from April 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012 Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Talk Contents About Wikipedia Wikivoyage Afrikaans Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Български Boarisch བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego ગુજરાતી 客家 語 / Hak - kâ - ngî 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ ქართული Kaszëbsczi Қазақша Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Limburgs Magyar Македонски മലയാളം मराठी Bahasa Melayu Mìng - dĕ̤ng - ngṳ̄ Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाली 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Rumantsch Русский Scots Setswana Sicilianu සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Ślůnski کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Walon ייִדיש 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 October 2017 , at 19 : 53 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | why is it 26.2 miles for a marathon | ['The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles, or 26 miles 385 yards),[1] usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory.'] | ['in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory'] | The marathon is a long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26.219 miles, or 26 miles 385 yards),[1] usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory. |
[question]: What is the official distance of a marathon?
[answer]: The official distance of a marathon is 42.195 kilometers (26.219 miles or 26 miles 385 yards). | What is the official distance of a marathon? | The official distance of a marathon is 42.195 kilometers (26.219 miles or 26 miles 385 yards). | 1 | 7.312631 | 16 | 55 | 1 |
26,384 | 7,518,190,652,375,251,000 | Asian nations at the FIFA World Cup | Asian nations at the FIFA World Cup - wikipedia Asian nations at the FIFA World Cup Association football is the most popular sport in nearly every Asian country , and 12 members of the Asian Football Confederation ( AFC ) have competed at the sport 's biggest event , the men 's FIFA World Cup . Contents 1 Overview 2 Results 2.1 Most finishes in the top four 2.2 Team results by tournament 2.3 Tournament standings 2.4 Overall team records 3 Appearances 3.1 Ranking of teams by number of appearances 3.2 Debut of teams 4 Summary of performance 5 Competitive record 5.1 1938 : The first Asian nation at the World Cup 5.2 1950 : India 's withdrawal 5.3 1954 : South Korea 's first World Cup 5.4 1958 -- 1962 : World Cup without Asia 5.5 1966 : North Korea 's impressive performance 5.6 1970 : Israel debut at the World Cup 5.7 1974 : Another World Cup without Asian nations 5.8 1978 : Iran 's debut 5.9 1982 : Kuwait 's debut 5.10 1986 : Iraq 's debut , South Korea 's return 5.11 1990 : United Arab Emirates first World Cup 5.12 1994 : Saudi Arabia reaches the Round of 16 5.13 1998 : Four Asian nations at the World Cup 5.13. 1 Saudi Arabia 5.13. 2 Japan 5.13. 3 Iran 5.13. 4 South Korea 5.14 2002 : South Korea and Japan hosted the World Cup 5.14. 1 China PR 5.14. 2 South Korea 5.14. 3 Saudi Arabia 5.14. 4 Japan 5.15 2006 : Iran returned to the World Cup 5.15. 1 Iran 5.15. 2 Japan 5.15. 3 South Korea 5.15. 4 Saudi Arabia 5.16 2010 : South Korea and Japan reaches the Round of 16 , North Korea 's return 5.16. 1 North Korea 5.16. 2 South Korea 5.16. 3 Australia 5.16. 4 Japan 5.17 2014 : Disappointment for Asians 5.18 2018 : Five Asian Teams at the World Cup for the first time 6 Never qualified 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Overview ( edit ) 1930 ( 13 ) 1934 ( 16 ) 1938 ( 15 ) 1950 ( 13 ) 1954 ( 16 ) 1958 ( 16 ) 1962 ( 16 ) 1966 ( 16 ) 1970 ( 16 ) ( 16 ) 1978 ( 16 ) 1982 ( 24 ) 1986 ( 24 ) 1990 ( 24 ) 1994 ( 24 ) 1998 ( 32 ) 2002 ( 32 ) 2006 ( 32 ) ( 32 ) 2014 ( 32 ) 2018 ( 32 ) 2022 ( 32 ) Total Teams 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 37 Top 16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 0 6 Top 8 -- 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Top 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Top 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1st 0 2nd 0 3rd 0 4th Country Participations Years Best result South Korea 10 1954 , 1986 , 1990 , 1994 , 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 , 2018 4th Japan 6 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 , 2018 R2 Australia 5 1974 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 , 2018 R2 Iran 5 1978 , 1998 , 2006 , 2014 , 2018 R1 Saudi Arabia 5 1994 , 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2018 R2 North Korea 1966 , 2010 QF Indonesia 1938 R1 Israel 1970 R1 Kuwait 1982 R1 Iraq 1986 R1 United Arab Emirates 1990 R1 China PR 2002 R1 Results ( edit ) Most finishes in the top four ( edit ) Team # Top - four finishes South Korea 2002 Team results by tournament ( edit ) Legend 1st -- Champions 2nd -- Runners - up 3rd -- Third place 4th -- Fourth place QF -- Quarterfinals ( 1934 -- 1938 , 1954 -- 1970 , and 1986 -- present : knockout round of 8 ) R2 -- Round 2 ( 1974 -- 1978 , second group stage , top 8 ; 1982 : second group stage , top 12 ; 1986 -- present : knockout round of 16 ) R1 -- Round 1 Q -- Qualified for upcoming tournament -- Qualified but withdrew -- Did not qualify × -- Did not enter / Withdrew / Banned -- Hosts -- Not affiliated in FIFA The team ranking in each tournament is according to FIFA . The rankings , apart from the top four positions ( top two in 1930 ) , are not a result of direct competition between the teams ; instead , teams eliminated in the same round are ranked by their full results in the tournament . In recent tournaments , FIFA has used the rankings for seedings for the final tournament draw . For each tournament , the number of teams in each finals tournament ( in brackets ) are shown . Team 1930 ( 13 ) 1934 ( 16 ) 1938 ( 15 ) 1950 ( 13 ) 1954 ( 16 ) 1958 ( 16 ) 1962 ( 16 ) 1966 ( 16 ) 1970 ( 16 ) ( 16 ) 1978 ( 16 ) 1982 ( 24 ) 1986 ( 24 ) 1990 ( 24 ) 1994 ( 24 ) 1998 ( 32 ) 2002 ( 32 ) 2006 ( 32 ) ( 32 ) 2014 ( 32 ) 2018 ( 32 ) 2022 ( 32 ) Total Qual . Comp . Australia R1 14th R2 16th R1 21st R1 30th R1 30th 5 14 member of OFC China PR × × × × × × × × × R1 31st 11 Indonesia × R1 15th × × × × × × × 12 Iran × × × × × × R1 14th × × R1 20th R1 25th R1 28th R1 18th 5 10 Iraq × × × × × × R1 23rd 11 Israel × R1 12th member of OFC member of UEFA 8 Japan × × × × × × R1 31st R2 9th R1 28th R2 9th R1 28th R2 15th 6 15 Kuwait × × R1 21st 12 North Korea Part of Japan × QF 8th × × R1 32nd 12 Qatar × Q 12 Saudi Arabia × × × × × R2 12th R1 28th R1 32nd R1 28th R1 26th 5 11 South Korea Part of Japan × R1 16th × × R1 20th R1 22nd R1 20th R1 30th 4th R1 17th R2 15th R1 27th R1 19th 10 15 United Arab Emirates × × R1 24th 9 Tournament standings ( edit ) Team Champions Finals Semifinals Quarterfinals 2nd Round South Korea 0 0 North Korea 0 0 0 0 Japan 0 0 0 0 Australia 0 0 0 0 Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 Quarterfinals = knockout round of 8 : 1934 -- 1938 , 1954 -- 1970 , and 1986 -- present ; second group stage , top 8 : 1974 -- 1978 2nd Round = second group stage , top 12 : 1982 ; knockout round of 16 : 1986 -- present Overall team records ( edit ) As per statistical convention in football , matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses , while matches decided by penalty shoot - outs are counted as draws . 3 points per win , 1 point per draw and 0 points per loss . Results through World Cup 2018 Team Pld GF GA GD Points Topscorers South Korea 34 6 9 19 34 70 -- 36 27 Ahn Jung - hwan , Park Ji - sung , Son Heung - min 3 Japan 21 5 5 11 20 29 -- 9 20 K. Honda 4 Saudi Arabia 16 11 11 39 -- 28 11 S. Al - Jaber 3 Iran 15 9 9 24 -- 15 10 S. Bakhtiarizadeh , I. Danaeifard , H. Estili , Y . Golmohammadi , R. Ghoochannejhad , M. Mahdavikia , H. Rowshan , K. Ansarifard 1 Australia 16 10 13 31 -- 18 10 T. Cahill 5 North Korea 7 5 6 21 -- 15 Pak Seung - zin 2 Israel 0 -- 2 M. Spiegler 1 Kuwait 0 6 -- 4 F. Al - Dakhil , A. Al - Buloushi 1 Iraq 0 0 -- 3 0 A. Radhi 1 Indonesia 0 0 0 6 -- 6 0 United Arab Emirates 0 0 11 -- 9 0 A. Jumaa , K. Ismaïl 1 China PR 0 0 0 9 -- 9 0 Appearances ( edit ) Ranking of teams by number of appearances ( edit ) Team Appearances Record streak Active streak Debut Most recent Best result ( * = hosts ) South Korea 10 9 9 1954 2018 Fourth place ( 2002 * ) Japan 6 6 6 1998 2018 Round 2 ( 2002 * , 2010 , 2018 ) Australia 5 2018 Round 2 ( 2006 ) Saudi Arabia 5 1994 2018 Round 2 ( 1994 ) Iran 5 1978 2018 Round 1 North Korea 0 1966 Quarterfinals ( 1966 ) Indonesia 0 1938 1938 Round 1 Israel 0 1970 1970 Round 1 Kuwait 0 1982 1982 Round 1 Iraq 0 1986 1986 Round 1 United Arab Emirates 0 1990 1990 Round 1 China PR 0 2002 2002 Round 1 Debut of teams ( edit ) Each successive World Cup has had at least one team appearing for the first time . This table shows the national associations in alphabetical order per year . Year Debutants Total 1930 0 1934 0 1938 Dutch East Indies 1950 0 1954 South Korea 1958 0 1962 0 1966 North Korea 1970 Israel # Australia 1978 Iran 1982 Kuwait 1986 Iraq 1990 United Arab Emirates 1994 Saudi Arabia 1998 Japan 2002 China PR 2006 0 0 2014 0 2018 0 2022 Qatar Total 13 Summary of performance ( edit ) This table shows the number of countries represented at the World Cup , the number of entries ( # E ) from around the world including any rejections and withdrawals , the number of Asian entries ( # A ) , how many of those Asian entries withdrawn ( # A - ) before / during qualification or were rejected by FIFA , the Asian representatives at the World Cup finals , the number of World Cup Qualifiers each Asian representative had to play to get to the World Cup ( # WCQ ) , the furthest stage reached , results , and coaches . Year Host Size # E # A # A - Asian finalists # WCQ Stage Results Coach 1930 Uruguay 13 13 0 0 - 1934 Italy 16 32 - 1938 France 15 32 Dutch East Indies 0 Round 1 lost 0 - 6 Hungary Johan Mastenbroek 1950 Brazil 15 34 - 1954 Switzerland 16 45 South Korea Round 1 lost 0 - 9 Hungary , lost 0 - 7 Turkey Kim Yong - sik 1958 Sweden 16 55 12 9 - 1962 Chile 16 56 - 1966 England 16 74 North Korea QF lost 0 - 3 Soviet Union , drew 1 - 1 Chile , won 1 - 0 Italy QF : lost 3 - 5 Portugal Myung Rye - hyun 1970 Mexico 16 75 7 Israel Round 1 lost 0 - 2 Uruguay , drew 1 - 1 Sweden , drew 1 - 1 Italy Emmanuel Scheffer West Germany 16 99 18 - 1978 Argentina 16 107 21 Iran 12 Round 1 lost 0 - 3 Netherlands , drew 1 - 1 Scotland , lost 1 - 4 Peru Heshmat Mohajerani 1982 Spain 24 109 21 Kuwait 9 Round 1 drew 1 - 1 Czechoslovakia , lost 1 - 4 France , lost 0 - 1 England Carlos Alberto Parreira 1986 Mexico 24 121 28 Iraq 8 Round 1 lost 0 - 1 Paraguay , lost 1 - 2 Belgium , lost 0 - 1 Mexico Evaristo de Macedo South Korea 8 Round 1 lost 1 - 3 Argentina , drew 1 - 1 Bulgaria , lost 2 - 3 Italy Kim Jung - Nam 1990 Italy 24 116 26 South Korea 11 Round 1 lost 0 -- 2 Belgium , lost 1 -- 3 Spain , lost 0 -- 1 Uruguay Lee Hoe - taik United Arab Emirates 9 Round 1 lost 0 -- 2 Colombia , lost 1 -- 5 West Germany , lost 1 -- 4 Yugoslavia Carlos Alberto Parreira 1994 USA 24 147 30 Saudi Arabia 11 Round of 16 lost 1 - 2 Netherlands , won 2 - 1 Morocco , won 1 - 0 Belgium Round of 16 : lost 1 - 3 Sweden Jorge Solari South Korea 13 Round 1 drew 2 - 2 Spain , drew 0 - 0 Bolivia , lost 2 - 3 Germany Kim Ho 1998 France 32 174 36 0 Iran 17 Round 1 lost 0 - 1 Yugoslavia , won 2 - 1 United States , lost 0 - 2 Germany Jalal Talebi Japan 14 Round 1 lost 0 - 1 Argentina , lost 0 - 1 Croatia , lost 1 - 2 Jamaica Takeshi Okada Saudi Arabia 14 Round 1 lost 0 - 1 Denmark , lost 0 - 4 France , drew 2 - 2 South Africa Carlos Alberto Parreira ( fired after two matches , replaced by Mohammed Al - Kharashy for the final match ) South Korea 12 Round 1 lost 1 - 3 Mexico , lost 0 - 5 Netherlands , drew 1 - 1 Belgium Cha Bum - kun ( fired after two matches , replaced by Kim Pyung - seok for the final match ) 2002 South Korea & Japan 32 199 35 5 China PR 14 Round 1 lost 0 - 2 Costa Rica , lost 0 - 4 Brazil , lost 0 - 3 Turkey Bora Milutinović Japan 0 Round of 16 drew 2 - 2 Belgium , won 1 - 0 Russia , won 2 - 0 Tunisia Round of 16 : lost 0 - 1 Turkey Philippe Troussier Saudi Arabia 14 Round 1 lost 0 - 8 Germany , lost 0 - 1 Cameroon , lost 0 - 3 Republic of Ireland Nasser Al - Johar South Korea 0 SF won 2 - 0 Poland , drew 1 - 1 United States , won 1 - 0 Portugal Round of 16 : won 2 - 1 ( a.e.t. ) Italy QF : won 0 - 0 ( pen . 5 - 3 ) Spain SF : lost 0 - 1 Germany 3 - place match : lost 2 - 3 Turkey Guus Hiddink 2006 Germany 32 197 44 5 Iran 12 Round 1 lost 1 - 3 Mexico , lost 0 - 2 Portugal , drew 1 - 1 Angola Branko Ivanković Japan 12 Round 1 lost 1 - 3 Australia , drew 0 - 0 Croatia , lost 1 - 4 Brazil Zico Saudi Arabia 12 Round 1 drew 2 - 2 Tunisia , lost 0 - 4 Ukraine , lost 0 - 1 Spain Marcos Paquetá South Korea 12 Round 1 won 2 - 1 Togo , drew 1 - 1 France , lost 0 - 2 Switzerland Dick Advocaat South Africa 32 205 43 Australia 14 Round 1 lost 0 - 4 Germany , drew 1 - 1 Ghana , won 2 - 1 Serbia Pim Verbeek Japan 14 Round of 16 won 1 - 0 Cameroon , lost 0 - 1 Netherlands , won 3 - 1 Denmark Round of 16 : lost 0 - 0 ( pen . 3 - 5 ) Paraguay Takeshi Okada North Korea 16 Round 1 lost 1 - 2 Brazil , lost 0 - 7 Portugal , lost 0 - 3 Ivory Coast Kim Jong - hun South Korea 14 Round of 16 won 2 - 0 Greece , lost 1 - 4 Argentina , drew 2 - 2 Nigeria Round of 16 : lost 1 - 2 Uruguay Huh Jung - moo 2014 Brazil 32 203 43 Australia 14 Round 1 lost 1 - 3 Chile , lost 2 - 3 Netherlands , lost 0 - 3 Spain Ange Postecoglou Iran 16 Round 1 drew 0 - 0 Nigeria , lost 0 - 1 Argentina , lost 1 - 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina Carlos Queiroz Japan 14 Round 1 lost 1 - 2 Ivory Coast , drew 0 - 0 Greece , lost 1 - 4 Colombia Alberto Zaccheroni South Korea 14 Round 1 drew 1 - 1 Russia , lost 2 - 4 Algeria , lost 0 - 1 Belgium Hong Myung - bo 2018 Russia 32 210 46 0 Australia 22 Round 1 lost 1 - 2 France , drew 1 - 1 Denmark , lost 0 - 2 Peru Bert van Marwijk Iran 18 Round 1 won 1 - 0 Morocco , lost 0 - 1 Spain , drew 1 - 1 Portugal Carlos Queiroz Japan 18 Round of 16 won 2 - 1 Colombia , drew 2 - 2 Senegal , lost 0 - 1 Poland Round of 16 : lost 2 - 3 Belgium Akira Nishino Saudi Arabia 18 Round 1 lost 0 - 5 Russia , lost 0 - 1 Uruguay , won 2 - 1 Egypt Juan Antonio Pizzi South Korea 18 Round 1 lost 0 - 1 Sweden , lost 1 - 2 Mexico , won 2 - 0 Germany Shin Tae - yong Competitive record ( edit ) 1938 : the first Asian nation at the World Cup ( edit ) The Indonesian team , prior to independence in 1945 . Indonesia was the first Asian team to participate in the FIFA World Cup when the team qualified for the 1938 tournament after its opponent , Japan , withdrew from the qualification heats . The 6 -- 0 loss to eventual finalists Hungary in the first round of the tournament in Reims , France , remains the nation 's only appearance in the World Cup . The straight knock - out format used at the time made it the only game ever played by the Indonesians . Thus , Indonesia holds the World Cup record as the team with the fewest matches played ( 1 ) and one of the teams with the fewest goals scored ( 0 ) . They were 15th place in the rankings . 1950 : India 's withdrawal ( edit ) Burma , Philippines and Indonesia withdrew before the draw , so India qualified automatically . India later also withdrew because of the expense of traveling ( or , according to some reports , after a FIFA ruling that players were not allowed to play barefoot ) . Other teams economized by sailing , rather than flying , to the tournament . FIFA decided not to invite another team , leaving the World Cup three teams short . 1954 : South Korea 's first World Cup ( edit ) In the 1954 FIFA World Cup qualification , the Asian zone was allocated one place ( out of 16 ) in the final tournament . In the 1954 World Cup qualification , three countries from the AFC participated . China PR withdrew , South Korea won against Japan and for the first time qualified for the World Cup . South Korea lost twice 0 -- 9 to Hungary and 0 -- 7 to Turkey . They were 16th place in the rankings . 1958 -- 1962 : World Cup without Asia ( edit ) At the 1958 World Cup qualification , FIFA rejected South Korea 's entry . Qualifications were held with Africa , Turkey , Cyprus and China PR withdrew in the first qualification round , Indonesia and Egypt in second . Sudan withdrew in the final qualification round as they refused to play against Israel for political reasons . Israel technically would have qualified automatically , but before the qualification rounds began , FIFA ruled that no team would qualify without playing at least one match ( except for the defending champions and the hosts ) , and Israel had yet to play any . A special play - off was created between Israel and the runner - up of one of the UEFA Groups , where the teams played against each other on a home - and - away basis , with the winner qualifying . After Belgium refused , Wales , the runner - up of UEFA Group 4 , was the team drawn from the UEFA group runners - up . Israel lost both times 0 -- 2 and did not reach the World Cup . There was only one round of play at the 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification . The three teams played against each other on a home - and - away basis . The group winner would advance to the UEFA / AFC Intercontinental play - off . Indonesia withdrew . South Korea won twice against Japan and advanced to the UEFA / AFC Intercontinental play - off . South Korea lost both times against Yugoslavia and did not reach the World Cup . 1966 : North Korea 's impressive performance ( edit ) AFC , CAF , OFC confederations competed together in the qualification rounds . After having no teams from Africa or Asia qualifying for the previous two World Cups , FIFA decided to allocate a single spot to the winner of a four - way play - off between the winners of three African groups and the winner of the Asian zone . South Africa was suspended by FIFA due to apartheid . All 15 remaining African teams withdrew in protest against there being no automatic qualification for an African team , leaving the AFC -- OFC winner to qualify by default . Japan then withdrew because the three - team tournament was moved from Japan to Cambodia , leaving only Australia and North Korea to contest the final place . Because North Korea lacked diplomatic relations with most countries , finding a suitable venue for the match proved difficult , until Head of State Norodom Sihanouk , an ally of Kim Il - sung , agreed to hosting the matches in Phnom Penh . North Korea easily won both legs to qualify . North Korea qualified for the eighth FIFA World Cup held in England . North Korea got to Group 4 . North Korea predictably lost the first game against the USSR by 0 -- 3 , the second was 1 -- 1 against Chile . However , in an upset North Korea beat Italy 1 - 0 at Ayresome Park , Middlesbrough , and finished above them , thus earning qualification to the next round along with the USSR . This was the first time that a nation from outside Europe or the Americas had progressed from the first stage of a World Cup . In their match against Portugal , they lead 3 -- 0 after only 22 minutes . Portugal 's Eusébio changed the pace , scoring four goals in the game and José Augusto added a fifth in the 78th minute to earn Portugal a 5 -- 3 win . In a 1999 documentary featuring interviews with surviving members of the team , they describe themselves as having been welcomed home as national heroes . 1970 : Israel debut at the World Cup ( edit ) The 1970 AFC and OFC FIFA World Cup qualification were held together . Israel , New Zealand and Rhodesia received byes and advanced to the second round directly . The remaining three teams , Australia , Japan and South Korea , played against each other twice in South Korea . Australia advanced to the second round Group 1 and won over Rhodesia and advanced to the final round . In Group 2 , Israel advanced to the final round when they defeated New Zealand twice . North Korea , despite their good performance in the previous tournament staged in England in 1966 , refused to play in Israel and withdrew . In the final round , Israel defeated Australia 2 -- 1 on aggregate and reached the World Cup . Israel qualified for their only World Cup to date as an Asian team . Soon after this , however , they left the Asian Football Confederation , and now compete in the European zone as they are now a member of UEFA . As of 2018 , this is Israel 's only World Cup finals appearance . Israel lost their first game 0 -- 2 against Uruguay , the other ended in a 1 -- 1 draw against Sweden and 0 -- 0 with Italy . Israel ranked last in the group and did not advance in the tournament . The team finished 13th out of 16 teams . 1974 : another World Cup without Asian nations ( edit ) The Asian and Oceania zone competed for one place in the World Cup . India , Sri Lanka and the Philippines withdrew before the matches were played . The remaining 15 teams were divided into two zones , based on geographical and political considerations . Zone A had 7 teams ( teams from East Asia , plus Israel ) . All matches were played in the Republic of Korea . Zone B had 8 teams ( teams from West Asia and Oceania , plus Indonesia and North Korea ) . South Korea won Zone A and Australia Zone B. In the final round , South Korea and Australia were tied 2 -- 2 on aggregate , and a play - off on neutral ground in Hong Kong was played to decide the qualifier . Australia won this match through a Jimmy Mackay goal , scored off a free kick . 1978 : Iran 's debut ( edit ) A total of 21 AFC and OFC teams and Israel entered the competition . However , South Vietnam could not compete after being annexed by Vietnam . The Asian zone was allocated one place ( out of 16 ) in the final tournament . The 21 teams would be divided into 5 groups . Sri Lanka , North Korea , Iraq and the United Arab Emirates withdrew . Hong Kong , South Korea , Iran , Kuwait and Australia won in their group . Iran won the final group and qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time . The group consisted of Iran , Netherlands , Peru and Scotland . Iran , the reigning Asian champion , went out of the tournament winless . Iran lost two of their three group stage games : 0 -- 3 against the Netherlands and 1 -- 4 against Peru . However , they managed to draw 1 -- 1 against Scotland with a late Iraj Danaeifard goal . The team finished 14th out of the 16 teams . 1982 : Kuwait 's debut ( edit ) A total of 21 AFC and OFC teams entered the qualification . Iran withdrew before the draw was made . The Asian and Oceania zone was allocated two places ( out of 24 ) in the final tournament . The remaining 20 teams would be divided into four groups . New Zealand , Saudi Arabia , Kuwait and China PR advanced to the Final Round . In the Final Round , Kuwait ranked first place and immediately qualified to the World Cup . China PR and New Zealand finished level on points and goal difference , and a play - off on neutral ground ( Singapore ) was played to decide the qualifier . Kuwait won 2 -- 1 and qualified to the World Cup for the first time . Kuwait 's group consisted of Czechoslovakia , England and France . In the opening match , Kuwait held Czechoslovakia to a 1 -- 1 draw . In the game between Kuwait and France , with France leading 3 -- 1 , France midfielder Alain Giresse scored a goal vehemently contested by the Kuwait team , who had stopped play after hearing a piercing whistle from the stands , which they thought had come from Soviet referee Miroslav Stupar . Play had not yet resumed when Sheikh Fahid Al - Ahmad Al - Sabah , brother of the Kuwaiti Emir and president of the Kuwaiti Football Association , rushed onto the pitch to remonstrate with the referee . Stupar countermanded his initial decision and disallowed the goal to the fury of the French . Maxime Bossis scored another valid goal a few minutes later and France won 4 -- 1 . Kuwait lost the third game 0 -- 1 against England . Kuwait finished fourth in their group and 21st out of the 24 teams . 1986 : Iraq 's debut , South Korea 's return ( edit ) A total of 27 AFC teams entered the competition . The Asian zone was allocated two places ( out of 24 ) in the final tournament . Teams were divided into two zones , based on geographical considerations . Zone A had 13 teams ( teams from West Asia ) and Zone B had 14 teams ( teams from East Asia ) . Lebanon , Oman withdrew . Iran were disqualified . Iraq won Zone A Final Round , South Korea won Zone B. Iraq and South Korea qualified for the 1986 World Cup . As of 2018 , this was the last time Iraq qualified for the finals . Iraq lost all three games : 0 -- 1 against Paraguay , 1 -- 2 against Belgium and 0 -- 1 against Mexico , and finished 23 out of the 24 teams . However the defeat to Paraguay was controversial , as Iraq 's Ahmed Radhi had scored a header from a corner right at the end of the first half which the referee disallowed as he incorrectly blew the whistle for half - time just before the header went into the back of the net . The defeat to Belgium was also controversial as the referee gave a yellow card to Iraq 's Basil Gorgis in a case of mistaken identity ( the yellow was supposed to be given to Ghanim Oraibi ) while the score was 0 -- 2 . Gorgis sarcastically applauded the referee 's incorrect decision which led to him getting sent off and Iraq lost 1 -- 2 . South Korea qualified for the first time since 1954 . In its first game , South Korea lost 1 -- 3 against Argentina , in the second game drew Bulgaria 1 -- 1 in a downpour and in the third lost 2 -- 3 against Italy . South Korea finished 20 out of the 24 teams . 1990 : United Arab Emirates first World Cup ( edit ) Twenty - six teams were in the running for these spots ; Bahrain , India , Maldives and South Yemen withdrew without playing a qualifying match . The Maldives withdrew before the final draw , leaving 25 teams to be divided into six groups of four or five teams each . South Korea , United Arab Emirates , Qatar , China PR , Saudi Arabia and North Korea advanced to the Final Round . South Korea and the United Arab Emirates qualified for the 1990 World Cup , taking the first two places . The United Arab Emirates qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time , its only appearance to date , but lost all three of its games : 2 -- 0 to Colombia , 5 -- 1 to West Germany and 4 -- 1 to Yugoslavia . All three of the UAE 's first round opponents reached the last 16 . They were 24th ( and last ) place in the rankings . South Korea also lost all its three games : 0 -- 2 to Belgium , 1 -- 3 to Spain and 0 -- 1 to Uruguay , and finished 22 out of 24 teams . 1994 : Saudi Arabia reaches the round of 16 ( edit ) A total of 30 teams entered the qualification . The Asian zone was allocated two places ( out of 24 ) in the final tournament . The 30 teams were divided into six groups of five teams each , although Myanmar and Nepal withdrew after playing no match . The teams would play against each other twice . The group winners would advance to the Final Round . Iraq , Iran , North Korea , South Korea , Saudi Arabia and Japan advanced to the Final Round , with Saudi Arabia and South Korea taking the first two places in the World Cup . Saudi Arabia qualified for the World Cup finals for the first time . Their group consisted of Belgium , Netherlands , Saudi Arabia and Morocco . Saudi Arabia lost its first game 1 -- 2 against Netherlands , although they scored the first goal . Later , they beat Morocco 2 -- 1 . Against Belgium , Saudi player Saaed Al - Owairian ran from his own half through a maze of Belgian players to score the game 's only goal . Both teams went through . For the much - fancied Dutch , however , progression to the second round was a somewhat nervier experience . Netherlands won the group , Saudi Arabia finished second and Belgium qualified as one of the best third - placed teams . In the first knockout stage match , Saudi Arabia faced Sweden and lost 1 -- 3 after two goals from Kennet Andersson and one from Martin Dahlin . They were 12th place in the rankings . South Korea 's World Cup began with two draws against Spain ( 2 -- 2 ) and Bolivia ( 0 -- 0 ) . However they lost the decisive match 2 -- 3 against title holders Germany . They were 20th place in the rankings . 1998 : four Asian nations at the World Cup ( edit ) A total of 36 teams entered the competition . The Asian zone was allocated 3.5 places ( out of 32 ) in the final tournament . Iran , Japan , Saudi Arabia and South Korea qualified for the 1998 World Cup . Japan qualified for the first time . Saudi Arabia ( edit ) Saudi Arabia were placed in Group C alongside South Africa , Denmark and hosts France . Saudi Arabia started with a 1 -- 0 defeat by Denmark . Next , France scored four to eliminate Saudi Arabia . Saudi Arabia ( 0 -- 2 -- 0 ) , which again failed to show any resemblance to the 1994 team that reached the second round , played most of the game with ten men after defender Mohammed Al - Khilaiwi was given a direct red card in the 19th minute for a poor tackle on Bixente Lizarazu . Forward Thierry Henry scored two goals , while David Trezeguet and Lizarazu scored one each for France . With two goals against Saudi Arabia , South Africa led but watched in horror as the Saudis scored on two penalty kicks to gain a 2 -- 2 draw . The Saudis entered the match under new coach Mohammed al - Kharashi , a longtime assistant , after Brazilian Carlos Alberto Parreira was fired following the 4 -- 0 loss to France . Japan ( edit ) Japan lost all three of its matches in its debut . In the first , it fell 1 -- 0 to Argentina , with Gabriel Batistuta scoring for the opponents , knocking the ball over the Japanese goalkeeper on the edge of the penalty area . In the second match , against Croatia , a late Davor Šuker goal ensured a 1 -- 0 Croatia victory and his nation 's progression to the next round , simultaneously eliminating Japan from the tournament . Japan 's World Cup campaign officially ended with an unexpected 2 -- 1 defeat to rank outsiders Jamaica . Two goals from Theodore Whitmore gave Jamaica their first ever win in the World Cup finals , although Masashi Nakayama had the honour of scoring Japan 's first - ever goal at the World Cup finals , which came in the 74th minute . Iran ( edit ) Iran 's first game of Group F was played against Yugoslavia , a 1 -- 0 loss instigated by a Siniša Mihajlović free - kick . Iran recorded their first World Cup victory in the second game , beating the United States 2 -- 1 , with Hamid Estili and Mehdi Mahdavikia scoring goals for Iran . The Iran -- U.S. World Cup match was preheated with much excitement owing to each country 's political stance after the Iranian Revolution . In an act of defiance against all forms of hatred or politics in sports , however , both sides presented one another with gifts and flowers and took ceremonial pictures before the match kickoff . Following the defeat by Iran , the U.S. were eliminated from the World Cup . Iran played Germany in the third game , where they lost 2 -- 0 . German goals were scored from Oliver Bierhoff and Jürgen Klinsmann . The one win and two defeats left Iran third in the final group standings , not enough for progression to the next round . South Korea ( edit ) South Korea entered the 1998 World Cup without a single win to their name despite 14 World Cup games ' experience . South Korea played Mexico , the Netherlands and Belgium . In the first game , South Korea lead in the 27th minute thanks to a Ha Seok - ju free - kick that was deflected into the Mexican goal . A couple of minutes after the goal was scored , however , Ha Seok - ju was sent off for a bad challenge from behind , and Mexico leveled the score through half - time substitute Ricardo Peláez . With approximately 15 minutes remaining , Luis Hernández put Mexico in the lead with a simple tap - in . Hernández then went on to complete the victory after scoring Mexico 's third goal . South Korea had to wait four more years to record their first ever victory in a World Cup : its next game against the Netherlands was a heavy 0 -- 5 defeat , the third - worst loss in the nation 's World Cup history . Its third game was against Belgium . A big win would have given Belgium a chance of progressing and an early goal by Luc Nilis might have set them on the way . The Koreans , however , mounted stiff resistance and in the second half , and Yoo Sang - chul scored the equaliser in an eventual 1 -- 1 draw . 2002 : South Korea and Japan hosted the World Cup ( edit ) South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996 . Initially , South Korea , Japan and Mexico presented three rival bids . However , the two Asian countries agreed to unite their bids shortly before the decision was made , and they were chosen unanimously in preference to Mexico . This was the first ( and so far the only ) World Cup to be hosted by two countries . The 2002 World Cup was the tournament 's 17th staging . It was also the first World Cup held in Asia , and the last in which the golden goal rule was utilized . South Korea and Japan , the co-hosts , qualified automatically , leaving 2.5 spots open for competition between 40 teams . Myanmar withdrew from the tournament after being placed in Group 2 but before any matches had been played , therefore reducing the group to three teams . Afghanistan , Bhutan , North Korea and Timor - Leste did not participate in the qualification process . Asia 's two remaining automatic qualifying berths were taken by Saudi Arabia and China PR . Iran failed to become a third Asian representative in the World Cup after losing their AFC / UEFA playoff against the Republic of Ireland . China PR ( edit ) China PR qualified for the finals for the first time . Coached by Bora Milutinović ( the fifth national team he coached in five consecutive World Cups ) , the nation failed to earn a point or even score a goal . As football is widely followed in China , national team success is considered to be a source of national pride . Around 300 million people tuned into broadcasts of China 's 2002 World Cup matches , with a staggering 170 million new television sets being bought by citizens in order to watch their nation 's first World Cup appearance . Its first game was against Costa Rica . Costa Rica dealt China PR a harsh blow by taking the lead against the run of play on 61 minutes . Rónald Gómez 's slick backheel played Paulo Wanchope in , and Wu Chengying 's challenge only popped the ball up for Gómez to fire in a left - foot shot . China PR had no time to gather their thoughts before they were 2 -- 0 down . China 's PR best moment of the first - half came on 39 minutes when they broke quickly after fending off a Costa Rica free - kick . Its second game against Brazil was a 0 -- 4 defeat . China PR looked lively and appeared to be enjoying themselves , even when they overhit the ball , but China PR could not do anything about Roberto Carlos 's left - footed free - kick goal in the 15th minute . Ronaldo then scored two and Ronaldinho one to effectively end the match . China PR searched for their first goal of the tournament in their third match , against Turkey . After just ten minutes , however , they were already down 0 -- 2 . Just before the half - hour mark , China PR almost scored their first goal of the tournament when Yang Chen hit the post . Hasan Şaş again set up Turkey with a cross to the far post , this time for Ümit Davala to score off the post . China PR failed to score a goal and was eliminated from the tournament . South Korea ( edit ) South Korea beat Poland 2 -- 0 after Hwang Sun - hong and Yoo Sang - chul scored . The first real chance for the home side came in the 20th minute , when Yoo Sang - chul shot across the face of an outstretched Jerzy Dudek . South Korea started to apply more pressure and took the lead in the 25th minute : Lee Eul - yong played the ball into Hwang Sun - hong , who hit the ball first - time into the net . In the 53rd minute , South Korea scored their second goal : Yoo Sang - chul ran towards Tomasz Wałdoch and Radosław Kałużny , then confidently shot between them and past goalkeeper Dudek . Even the President of Korea waved his hat at the goal , which secured South Korea 's first - ever win at the World Cup finals . In its second match , against the United States , the game 's first real scoring chance fell to the U.S. ' Clint Mathis , who scored with a left - footed drive from the middle of the penalty area . Later on , in the 78th minute , an Ahn Jung - hwan glancing header completely stunned American goalkeeper Brad Friedel , who seemed rooted to the spot as the ball sailed into the net . South Korea missed the chance to take all three points right at the end when Choi Yong - soo stabbed another shot over the bar , with only Friedel to beat . South Korea played its third match against Portugal , needing a win to be guaranteed a place in the second round , though earning one point would suffice ( for the U.S. as well , however ) . The South Koreans tore apart a Portuguese side who had João Pinto and Beto sent off . In the 70th minute , Park Ji - sung smashed in a brilliant goal for Korea to secure a 1 -- 0 victory and Korea 's progression to the next round . Here , South Korea beat Italy 2 -- 1 in sudden - death extra time . In the 18th minute , Christian Vieri headed Italy into the lead from a Francesco Totti corner . Ahn Jung - hwan had the best chance for Korea in the 36th minute when he shot over the bar from close range . Two minutes from time , the stadium erupted as Italy defender Christian Panucci failed to clear the ball , with Seol Ki - hyun pouncing on his mistake . Totti received his second yellow card for diving in the penalty area . Ten - men Italy finally fell to a 117th - minute , golden goal header scored by Ahn Jung - hwan , who at the time was ironically playing for Italian club Perugia . In the quarter - finals , Spain were unable to win a second consecutive penalty shootout , losing to South Korea after having two goals controversially disallowed in normal time , with South Korea becoming the first ( and , as of 2014 , the only ) team from outside Europe and the Americas to reach the last four of a World Cup . Four minutes after the restart , a Spanish goal was disallowed , while a second Spanish goal was disallowed after the linesman judged that the ball had gone out of play before Fernando Morientes headed the ball into the net . In the 100th minute , Morientes turned on a long throw - in and crashed his shot against the left post . Korea won 5 -- 3 on penalties and became the first ever Asian nation to reach the semi-finals of the World Cup , where they would face Germany . The match started slowly : South Korea kept possession well and Germany appeared content to keep the volume of the crowd down , with both sides entering half - time level at 0 -- 0 . In the 75th minute , however , Michael Ballack ran on to Oliver Neuville 's low cross ; his shot was blocked by goalkeeper Lee Woon - jae , but Ballack followed up to convert the rebound and secure Germany 's place in the final with a 1 -- 0 victory . With the semi-final defeat , Korea contested the third - place match in Daegu against the other defeated semi-finalist , Turkey . Turkey , however , won third place after an entertaining 3 -- 2 victory in a match that included the fastest ever World Cup goal , scored by Parma striker Hakan Şükür after just 11 seconds . Lee Eul - yong replied in the ninth minute with a curling free - kick into the top right - hand corner , but shortly after , İlhan Mansız put Turkey back in front in the 13th minute after splitting the South Korean defence by playing a swift one - two with Şükür . Song Chong - gug then managed to stun Turkey goalkeeper Rüştü Reçber when his long - range shot deflected off of Cha Du - ri 's bottom , in injury time , for a last consolation goal that ended the game on a slight high note for the home fans . Saudi Arabia ( edit ) Saudi Arabia were eliminated as the worst team in tournament , after three defeats and no goals scored , including an 0 -- 8 loss to Germany , 0 -- 1 to Cameroon and 0 -- 3 to the Republic of Ireland . Japan ( edit ) Hosts Japan topped their group with two wins and one draw . In the first match , they drew 2 -- 2 with Belgium . Marc Wilmots broke the deadlock with a beautiful overhead kick in the 57th minute . Two minutes later , Japan 's Takayuki Suzuki , in the penalty area , got a foot on to Shinji Ono 's pass from the half - way line . In the 67th minute , Arsenal 's Junichi Inamoto ran through three defenders to give Japan a 2 -- 1 lead . Five minutes later , the stadium was momentarily silenced when Peter Van Der Heyden , beating the offside trap on the edge of the area , neatly lobbed Japan goalkeeper Seigo Narazaki as he came off his line . Japan advanced to the second round with a 1 -- 0 win over Russia and a 2 -- 0 victory against Tunisia . Japan register their first ever World Cup finals victory . However , they subsequently exited the tournament during the Round of 16 after a 1 -- 0 defeat to Turkey . Ümit Davala headed Turkey into the lead from an Ergün Penbe 's corner in the 12th minute . An Alessandro Santos free - kick crashed against the woodwork later on to give the Japanese some hope for the second - half . Japan made a couple of substitutions at half - time as they looked for fresh initiative . Hidetoshi Nakata deflected shot almost troubled Turkish goalkeeper Rüştü Reçber . Japan continued to look for the equaliser , with Akinori Nishizawa 's header on target and Tomokazu Myojin shooting just narrowly wide . With ten minutes left in the game , Nishizawa 's shot flew over the bar and with it Japan 's hopes of a place in the quarter - finals . 2006 : Iran returned to the World Cup ( edit ) Forty - four Asian teams are affiliated with FIFA , but Cambodia , Philippines , Bhutan and Brunei decided not to take part , while Myanmar was banned from the competition , so a total of 39 teams took part to compete for 4.5 places in the World Cup . Saudi Arabia , South Korea , Japan and Iran qualified for the 2006 World Cup finals . Iran ( edit ) Iran started their campaign with high expectations from fans and media . Their first match was against Mexico in Group D . The game was level 1 -- 1 at the half - time , but Iran lost at the end because of a defensive mistake , and the match finished 3 -- 1 , with goals scored by Omar Bravo and Zinha for Mexico and Yahya Golmohammadi for Iran . Iran then played Portugal in the second game , losing 2 -- 0 ; goals were scored by Deco and Cristiano Ronaldo , the latter from a penalty . The two losses meant Iran was eliminated from the competition even before contesting their third and final game against Angola . Iran drew 1 -- 1 , with Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh scoring the Iran goal . Japan ( edit ) Japan also failed to advance to the Round of 16 after finishing the group without a win , losing to Australia 1 -- 3 in the first match . In the 26th minute , Shunsuke Nakamura scored the first goal , only for Australia to respond with three late goals in the 84th , 89th and 92nd minutes . In game two , Japan drew with Croatia 0 -- 0 . After defeats in the opening game , both Japan and Croatia seemed reluctant to take any early risks and for 20 minutes , little appeared to transpire . In the 21st minute , however , Niko Kranjčar missed penalty , while five minutes into the second - half , the ball arrived at the far post only for Atsushi Yanagisawa to horrendously miss an open goal , skewing the ball back across the goalmouth . In Japan 's third match , it lost to Brazil 1 -- 4 , despite scoring the game 's first goal , in the 34th minute , from Keiji Tamada . South Korea ( edit ) South Korea won its first match 2 -- 1 , against Togo ; goals were scored by Lee Chun - soo and Ahn Jung - hwan . The victory marked Korea 's their first World Cup finals win outside of home soil . In the second game , a 1 -- 1 draw with France , Thierry Henry scored in the ninth minute , but Park Ji - sung leveled the score in 80th minute . Before the last match , against Switzerland , Korea had a strong chance to reach the round of 16 . Switzerland scored first from a Philippe Senderos headed a goal off a Hakan Yakin free - kick in the 23rd minute . France went ahead against Togo in the 55th minute , which would mean that if Switzerland were to win , South Korea would be eliminated . Switzerland 's star striker , Alexander Frei , doubled Switzerland 's lead with 13 minutes to play while France won their match , resulting in South Korea 's elimination from the competition . Saudi Arabia ( edit ) Saudi Arabia drew the first match 2 -- 2 with Tunisia ; Saudi Arabia had the lead as late as the 93rd minute , but Radhi Jaidi leveled the score . The Saudis ' next game was against Ukraine , a 0 -- 4 defeat . Saudi Arabia knew before kick - off that they had to score at least four goals to stand a chance of qualifying , but survival was clearly priority number one as they allowed Spain , who had changed their entire first 11 , to feel their way into the match . Juanito scored at the 39th minute and buried their chances of progression beyond the group stage . 2010 : South Korea and Japan reaches the round of 16 , North Korea 's return ( edit ) Forty - three teams competed for spots at the 2010 World Cup ; Laos , Brunei and the Philippines did not enter qualification . This was the first time Timor - Leste competed in World Cup qualification and the first time Australia attempted to qualify as a member of the AFC , having moved from the Oceania Football Confederation at the start of 2006 . Asia 's four automatic qualifying berths were taken by Australia , Japan ) ) , North Korea and South Korea . North Korea ( edit ) North Korea qualified for the first time since 1966 ; they were drawn into Group G , and played their first match against five - time winners Brazil on 15 June . Brazil won 2 -- 1 in a game where North Korea were well organised defensively and showed resilience , frustrating the Brazilians . Despite their best efforts , however , they were nevertheless outmatched and eventually broken down . Maicon 's relief was visible after his goal to finally put Brazil ahead . Their next game was against Portugal on 21 June , where they suffered a heavy 0 -- 7 defeat . Despite starting well ( much like against the Brazilians ) , with a defensive , well organised approach , once Portugal scored the first , the North Korean defense unfolded and the following six goals were scored with relative ease . In North Korea 's last match , against the Ivory Coast on 25 June , the team fell 3 -- 0 . After losing all three matches in the group stages , North Korea were eliminated , finishing last in Group G . South Korea ( edit ) South Korea were drawn into Group B alongside Argentina , Nigeria and Greece . South Korea registered the first win at the 2010 World Cup with a 2 -- 0 victory over Greece , with goals scored by Lee Jung - soo and captain Park Ji - sung . In the second match , South Korea fell to Argentina 1 -- 4 , with striker Gonzalo Higuaín scoring a hat - trick and Park Chu - young scoring an own goal for the Argentines ; Lee Chung - yong scored Korea 's consolation goal . South Korea coach Huh Jung - moo , who played against Argentina 's Diego Maradona at the 1986 World Cup , saw his team struggle to live with Argentina 's quick tempo and the quality of their pass - and - move football . The decisive match was with Nigeria , which ended 2 -- 2 and with subsequent triumph for South Korea , because paired with Argentina 's defeat of Greece , the draw sealed their first - ever progression beyond the group stage on foreign soil . As Group B runners - up , South Korea faced Uruguay in the last 16 . The South Koreans were effervescent in their attacking third but shaky in their defence , which was exposed as early as the eighth minute : Diego Forlán was fed on the left and played a low ball across the six - yard area , which was misjudged by goalkeeper Jung Sung - ryong and his statuesque defence but not by Luis Suárez at the far post , who calmly slotted in for his second goal of the competition . In the 68th minute , the South Koreans ' luck change when , off of a free - kick , Bolton 's Lee Chung - yong pounced on Mauricio Victorino 's attempted headed clearance to score a nod - in from eight yards out ; it was the first goal Uruguay had conceded in the tournament . With ten minutes remaining , Suárez lurked on the fringes of the 18 - yard area as a corner was swung in from the right . He cut in from the left before curling in a well - struck shot that left goalkeeper Jung Sung - ryong rooted as the ball clipped the post on its way in . The South Koreans pressed and should have taken the game into extra-time , but substitute Lee Dong - gook 's weak shot squirmed under the shirt of Fernando Muslera before it was comfortably cleared . Australia ( edit ) Australia were drawn into Group D , which also featured three - time world champion Germany , Ghana and Serbia . On 14 June , Australia faced Germany in Durban ; Pim Verbeek surprisingly chose to play without a recognised striker . Australia were comprehensively defeated 4 -- 0 , and Verbeek was heavily criticised for his tactics , with chief SBS Football Analyst Craig Foster calling for his immediate sacking . Australia 's second group match , against Ghana , resulted in a 1 -- 1 draw . Australia shot its only goal early in the first half by Brett Holman after Ghana 's goalkeeper Richard Kingson fumbled the ball following a Mark Bresciano free - kick . Shortly after , a goal - bound strike from Ghana 's Jonathan Mensah was blocked on the goal line by Harry Kewell 's upper arm , resulting in a penalty kick and a straight red card for Kewell . Ghanaian striker Asamoah Gyan scored the equalizing goal . Despite the man advantage , however , Ghana were mostly limited to long - range shots on Australia 's goal , and some desperate defending from Australia saw the game finish a draw . In their final group match , against Serbia , Tim Cahill was back from suspension and scored via a header in the second half to give Australia a 1 -- 0 lead . Only four minutes later , Brett Holman doubled the scoreline with an impressive long - range effort . Late in the second half , Serbia managed to score a late goal through Marko Pantelić after Australian goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer fumbled the ball , with the game ultimately ending at 2 -- 1 . Germany had defeated Ghana 1 -- 0 , which meant that both Australia and Ghana finished on four points . Ghana , however , progressed to the knockout stage due to their superior goal difference . Verbeek completed his term as Australian coach at the end of the 2010 World Cup . Japan ( edit ) Japan hung on to win their first - ever World Cup match on foreign soil , defeating Cameroon 1 -- 0 . The game 's only goal came in the 39th minute when Keisuke Honda controlled a cross at the far post and stabbed the ball past goalkeeper Souleymanou Hamidou . In the second game , Japan lost 0 -- 1 to the Netherlands . Wesley Sneijder 's powerful 52nd - minute winner from just outside the box settled a fascinating Group E contest between two contrasting sides who opened up in the second half and were creating good chances right up to the final whistle . Loitering just outside the penalty area , Sneijder lashed a powerful right - foot shot towards goal that goalkeeper Eiji Kawashima could only deflect into the net despite being well - placed to make the save . Japan had the best chance to level the score one minute from time , but unmarked substitute Shinji Okazaki fired over the net from ten yards out . Japan 's third , decisive match was against Denmark . Midfielder Keisuke Honda opened the scoreline , bending a 30 - yard free - kick past Danish goalkeeper Thomas Sørensen in the 17th minute . Just 13 minutes later , teammate Yasuhito Endō fired past Sørensen 's outstretched hand to make it 2 -- 0 for Japan . Takeshi Okada 's side had to survive a late scare as Jon Dahl Tomasson tapped in a rebound after goalkeeper Kawashima saved the Dane 's penalty kick . However , subtite Shinji Okazaki 's 88th - minute strike clinched second place in the group for Japan with a 3 -- 1 victory . Japan faced Paraguay in the last 16 . The match was decided by a penalty shootout after the score was locked at 0 -- 0 for 120 minutes . Paraguay won the shootout and progressed to its first ever World Cup quarter - final . The match was a generally unexciting affair , as Japan adopted a defensive posture while Paraguay itself maintained a solid defence . The first - half produced the occasional chance on goal , with Lucas Barrios having a shot saved shortly before a long - distance shot from Daisuke Matsui hit the crossbar of Paraguay 's goal . The second half was similar , with both sides producing occasional chances to score rather than periods of outright dominance . The result of the deadlock was extra time , which continued goalless . A penalty shootout ensued , during which Yuichi Komano missed a spot kick for Japan . Paraguay scored all five of its penalties , clinching the win and subsequent progression to the quarter - finals . 2014 : disappointment for asians ( edit ) The 2014 FIFA World Cup , held in Brazil , marked the first time since 1990 where no Asian team managed to win a game , and where the AFC was the only FIFA confederation without both wins and teams represented in the knockout stages . Three of Asia 's four qualifiers in 2010 -- Australia , Japan and South Korea -- qualified for the 2014 tournament . Iran , meanwhile , qualified for the first time since 2006 . Australia was eliminated early despite good performances against Chile and the Netherlands that both ended in close losses ( 1 -- 3 and 2 -- 3 respectively ) . In their third match , however , they were blown - out 3 -- 0 to defending World Cup champions Spain , who were themselves also mathematically eliminated from the tournament . Japan opened the scoring in its first match against the Ivory Coast , but lost the lead en route to an eventual 1 -- 2 defeat . In the following games , the Japanese failed to break Greece 's tight defence and finished in a goalless draw , and afterwards , despite equalizing Colombia at half - time , eventually lost 4 -- 1 to ensure an early tournament exit . South Korea opened the score against Russia after a blunder by goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev , but wound up conceding the equalizing goal shortly after . A high - scoring match with Algeria had the Koreans defeated 4 -- 2 , and a 1 -- 0 loss to Belgium ended Korea 's campaign . After an opening 0 -- 0 draw with Nigeria , the Iranian defense held Argentina goalless for most of the match before a Lionel Messi goal in injury time . Needing to beat the already - eliminated Bosnia and Herzegovina to clinch the group 's second spot in the knockout stages , Iran wound up defeated 3 -- 1 . 2018 : five Asian teams at the World Cup for the first time ( edit ) The 2018 FIFA World Cup , held in Russia , marked the first time five Asian teams qualified for the FIFA World Cup . Only Japan advanced past the group stage , a feat aided by fair - play points in tie - breaking . Aside from Australia , who only got a draw and two defeats , the other three had at least one win : Saudi Arabia got a 2 - 1 comeback over Egypt , Iran defeated Morocco , and in the biggest upset , South Korea beat defending champions Germany . In the round of 16 , Japan surprised a favored Belgium team and got a 2 - 0 lead , only to suffer a 3 - 2 comeback that ended with a Belgian goal in the last minute of stoppage time . Never qualified ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( July 2018 ) Indonesia Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ In 1982 , the second round has 12 teams of which 4 progressed to the semi-finals . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : The Asian team in 1970 was Israel , who were then an AFC member . They were expelled from AFC in 1974 and joined UEFA in 1994 . ^ Jump up to : In 2006 Australia qualified through OFC qualifying competition however the Football Federation Australia officially left the OFC and joined the AFC on 1 January 2006 . They qualified in 1974 as a member of OFC . ^ Jump up to : Prior to independence in 1945 competed as Netherlands Dutch East Indies , including their only World Cup finals appearance in 1938 . Jump up ^ `` FIFA World Cup Statistical Overview ( page 4 ) '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved May 17 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Seeding of national teams ( PDF ) . Accessed 12 September 2016 . Jump up ^ Known as Indonesia after independence in 1945 Jump up ^ Entered in Africa and Asia . Turkey withdrew . Palestine football team consisted of nine British footballers , six Jewish footballers and one Arab footballer. ( 2 ) FIFA states in reference to the 1930s Palestine Mandate team that The term ' Palestine team ' that had participated in previous competitions in the 1930s was actually the forerunner of today 's Israel team and as such bears no relation to the national team of the Palestinian authority. `` ( 3 ) However , the region currently known as Palestine is considered `` one of the first Asian teams to compete in the FIFA World Cup qualifiers ''. ( 4 ) Jump up ^ Japan withdrew . Jump up ^ Known as Indonesia after independence in 1945 Jump up ^ Burma , the Philippines and Indonesia all withdrew , so India qualified automatically . But India later also withdrew `` because of the expense of travelling such a long way to play '' or , according to some reports , after a FIFA ruling that players were not allowed to play barefoot , and FIFA decided not to invite anyone else , leaving the World Cup three teams short . Jump up ^ China PR withdrew the qualification . Jump up ^ FIFA rejected the entries of Ethiopia and South Korea ; China PR , Hong Kong , Turkey , Cyprus withdrew at the first round ; Indonesia withdrew after FIFA rejected their request to play against Israel on neutral ground . Israel advanced to the Final Round automatically . Egypt withdrew , so Sudan advanced to the Final Round automatically ; Sudan refused to play against Israel for political reasons , so Israel would technically qualify automatically , but before the qualification rounds began , FIFA ruled that no team would qualify without playing at least one match ( except for the defending champions and the hosts ) , and Israel had yet to play any . Jump up ^ Indonesia withdrew Jump up ^ Originally this was to be a four team group stage between Australia , North Korea , South Africa and South Korea played in Japan . However South Africa was suspended and South Korea withdrew because the 3 team tournament was moved from Japan to Cambodia . Because North Korea lacked diplomatic relations with most countries , finding a suitable venue for the match proved difficult , until Head of State Norodom Sihanouk , an ally of Kim Il - sung , said the matches could be held in Phnom Penh . The winner ( North Korea ) qualified for the eighth FIFA World Cup held in England . Jump up ^ Israel qualified for their only World Cup to date as an Asian team . However , soon after this , they left the Asian Football Confederation , and nowadays compete in the European zone as they are now a member of UEFA . Jump up ^ North Korea withdrew Jump up ^ India , Sri Lanka and the Philippines withdrew Jump up ^ Sri Lanka , North Korea , Iraq , United Arab Emirates withdrew Jump up ^ Iran withdrew before the draw was made Jump up ^ Chinese Taipei were assigned to the Oceanian zone instead . Oman , Lebanon withdrew . Iran was disqualified Jump up ^ Bahrain , India , Maldives and South Yemen withdrew without playing a qualifying match . Jump up ^ Myanmar and Nepal withdrew . Jump up ^ Myanmar withdrew from the tournament after being placed in Group 2 but before any matches had been played , therefore reducing the group to 3 teams . Afghanistan , Bhutan , North Korea and Timor - Leste did not participate in the qualification process . Jump up ^ Cambodia , Philippines , Bhutan and Brunei decided not to take part , and Myanmar was banned from the competition . Jump up ^ The first time Australia attempted to qualify for the World Cup as a member of the AFC . Jump up ^ Laos , Brunei and the Philippines did not attempt to qualify . Jump up ^ Brunei were suspended by FIFA from September 2009 through May 2011 . Their reinstatement came too late for Brunei to participate in the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Bhutan and Guam are not participating in the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Jump up ^ LinguaSport - 1986 World Cup Jump up ^ MEXICO 86 : IRAQ 'S WORLD CUP CAMPAIGN , WHERE LUCK MET FATE ( PART THREE ) Jump up ^ `` Verbeek takes blame for Socceroos defeat '' . Sydney Morning Herald . Sydney . 14 June 2010 . Jump up ^ Hilferty , Tim ( 16 June 2010 ) . `` Craig Foster -- sack Pim Verbeek immediately '' . The Australian . Jump up ^ With South Korea 's Loss , Asia Out of World Cup Jump up ^ Asian teams ' struggle at World Cup showcases problems at home Jump up ^ Asian teams at the 2018 World Cup graded Jump up ^ `` Belgium dig deep to edge out Japan '' . FIFA.com. 2 July 2018 . External links ( edit ) FIFA Fact Sheet : History of the FIFA World Cup ( TM ) Preliminary Competition ( by year ) ( 44 page PDF document ) Countries at the FIFA World Cup Team appearances Teams with no appearances All - time table AFC Australia China Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Kuwait North Korea Saudi Arabia South Korea United Arab Emirates CAF Algeria Angola Cameroon DR Congo Egypt Ghana Ivory Coast Morocco Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Tunisia CONCACAF Canada Costa Rica Cuba El Salvador Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Panama Trinidad and Tobago United States CONMEBOL Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay OFC New Zealand UEFA Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark East Germany England France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Israel Italy Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland Romania Russia Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales Considered a successor team by FIFA , or have competed under another name ( s ) . Have been member of multiple confederations . Team and national federation no longer exist . Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_nations_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup&oldid=855446729 '' Categories : Countries at the FIFA World Cup Association football in Asia FIFA World Cup statistics Hidden categories : Articles to be expanded from July 2018 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Talk Contents About Wikipedia فارسی 한국어 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 August 2018 , at 10 : 38 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | world cup football held in asia for the first time in | ["South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996. Initially, South Korea, Japan and Mexico presented three rival bids. However, the two Asian countries agreed to unite their bids shortly before the decision was made, and they were chosen unanimously in preference to Mexico. This was the first (and so far the only) World Cup to be hosted by two countries. The 2002 World Cup was the tournament's 17th staging. It was also the first World Cup held in Asia, and the last in which the golden goal rule was utilized. South Korea and Japan, the co-hosts, qualified automatically, leaving 2.5 spots open for competition between 40 teams. Myanmar withdrew from the tournament after being placed in Group 2 but before any matches had been played, therefore reducing the group to three teams. Afghanistan, Bhutan, North Korea and Timor-Leste did not participate in the qualification process. Asia's two remaining automatic qualifying berths were taken by Saudi Arabia and China PR. Iran failed to become a third Asian representative in the World Cup after losing their AFC/UEFA playoff against the Republic of Ireland.\n"] | ['2002'] | South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996. Initially, South Korea, Japan and Mexico presented three rival bids. However, the two Asian countries agreed to unite their bids shortly before the decision was made, and they were chosen unanimously in preference to Mexico. This was the first (and so far the only) World Cup to be hosted by two countries. The 2002 World Cup was the tournament's 17th staging. It was also the first World Cup held in Asia, and the last in which the golden goal rule was utilized. South Korea and Japan, the co-hosts, qualified automatically, leaving 2.5 spots open for competition between 40 teams. Myanmar withdrew from the tournament after being placed in Group 2 but before any matches had been played, therefore reducing the group to three teams. Afghanistan, Bhutan, North Korea and Timor-Leste did not participate in the qualification process. Asia's two remaining automatic qualifying berths were taken by Saudi Arabia and China PR. Iran failed to become a third Asian representative in the World Cup after losing their AFC/UEFA playoff against the Republic of Ireland.
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[question]: Which two countries co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup?
[answer]: The two countries that co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup were South Korea and Japan. | Which two countries co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup? | The two countries that co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup were South Korea and Japan. | 1 | 7.308087 | 15 | 187 | 1 |
7,687 | -5,779,381,739,837,085,000 | Apollo 11 | Apollo 11 - Wikipedia Apollo 11 This article is about the 1969 manned lunar mission . For other uses , see Apollo 11 ( disambiguation ) . Apollo 11 Buzz Aldrin salutes the deployed United States flag during the EVA on the lunar surface . Mission type Manned lunar landing Operator NASA COSPAR ID CSM : 1969 - 059A LM : 1969 - 059C SATCAT no . CSM : 4039 LM : 4041 Mission duration 8 days , 3 hours , 18 minutes , 35 seconds Spacecraft properties Spacecraft Apollo CSM - 107 Apollo LM - 5 Manufacturer CSM : North American Rockwell LM : Grumman Launch mass 100,756 pounds ( 45,702 kg ) Landing mass 10,873 pounds ( 4,932 kg ) Crew Crew size Members Neil A. Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin E. `` Buzz '' Aldrin , Jr . Callsign CSM : Columbia LM : Eagle On surface : Tranquility Base Start of mission Launch date July 16 , 1969 , 13 : 32 : 00 ( 1969 - 07 - 16UTC13 : 32Z ) UTC Rocket Saturn V SA - 506 Launch site Kennedy Space Center LC - 39A End of mission Recovered by USS Hornet Landing date July 24 , 1969 , 16 : 50 : 35 ( 1969 - 07 - 24UTC16 : 50 : 36Z ) UTC Landing site North Pacific Ocean 13 ° 19 ′ N 169 ° 9 ′ W / 13.317 ° N 169.150 ° W / 13.317 ; - 169.150 ( Apollo 11 splashdown ) Orbital parameters Reference system Selenocentric Periselene 100.9 kilometers ( 54.5 nmi ) Aposelene 122.4 kilometers ( 66.1 nmi ) Inclination 1.25 degrees Period 2 hours Epoch July 19 , 1969 , 21 : 44 UTC Lunar orbiter Spacecraft component Command / Service Module Orbital insertion July 19 , 1969 , 17 : 21 : 50 UTC Orbital departure July 22 , 1969 , 04 : 55 : 42 UTC Orbits 30 Lunar lander Spacecraft component Lunar Module Landing date July 20 , 1969 , 20 : 18 : 04 UTC Return launch July 21 , 1969 , 17 : 54 UTC Landing site Mare Tranquillitatis 0 ° 40 ′ 27 '' N 23 ° 28 ′ 23 '' E / 0.67408 ° N 23.47297 ° E / 0.67408 ; 23.47297 Sample mass 21.55 kilograms ( 47.51 lb ) Surface EVAs EVA duration 2 hours , 31 minutes 40 seconds Docking with LM Docking date July 16 , 1969 , 16 : 56 : 03 UTC Undocking date July 20 , 1969 , 17 : 44 : 00 UTC Docking with LM ascent stage Docking date July 21 , 1969 , 21 : 35 : 00 UTC Undocking date July 21 , 1969 , 23 : 41 : 31 UTC Left to right : Neil Armstrong , Michael Collins , Buzz Aldrin Apollo program ← Apollo 10 Apollo 12 → Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon . Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin , both American , landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20 , 1969 , at 20 : 17 UTC . Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours after landing on July 21 at 02 : 56 : 15 UTC ; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later . They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft , and collected 47.5 pounds ( 21.5 kg ) of lunar material to bring back to Earth . Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon 's surface . Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21.5 hours on the lunar surface before rejoining Columbia in lunar orbit . Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island , Florida , on July 16 at 9 : 32 am EDT ( 13 : 32 UTC ) and was the fifth manned mission of NASA 's Apollo program . The Apollo spacecraft had three parts : a command module ( CM ) with a cabin for the three astronauts , and the only part that returned to Earth ; a service module ( SM ) , which supported the command module with propulsion , electrical power , oxygen , and water ; and a lunar module ( LM ) that had two stages -- a descent stage for landing on the Moon , and an ascent stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit . After being sent to the Moon by the Saturn V 's third stage , the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit . Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility . The astronauts used Eagle 's upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module . They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Earth . They returned to Earth and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 after more than eight days in space . The landing was broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience . Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as `` one small step for ( a ) man , one giant leap for mankind . '' Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by U.S. President John F. Kennedy : `` before this decade is out , of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth . '' Contents 1 Framework 1.1 Crew 1.2 Backup crew 1.3 Support crew 1.4 Flight directors 1.5 Call signs 1.6 Insignia 1.7 Mementos 2 Mission highlights 2.1 Launch and flight to lunar orbit 2.2 Lunar descent 2.3 Landing 2.4 Lunar surface operations 2.5 Lunar ascent and return 2.6 Splashdown and quarantine 2.7 Celebration 2.8 Moon race 3 Legacy 3.1 Spacecraft location 3.2 40th anniversary events 4 Gallery 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 8.1 For young readers 9 External links 9.1 NASA reports 9.2 Multimedia Framework Crew Position Astronaut Commander Neil A. Armstrong Second spaceflight Command Module Pilot Michael Collins Second spaceflight Lunar Module Pilot Edwin `` Buzz '' E. Aldrin , Jr . Second spaceflight The crew assignment of Neil Armstrong as Commander , Jim Lovell as Command Module Pilot ( CMP ) and Buzz Aldrin as Lunar Module Pilot ( LMP ) was officially announced on November 20 , 1967 . Apollo 11 was the second all - veteran multi-person crew on an American mission , the first being that of Apollo 10 . An all - veteran crew would not be flown again until STS - 26 in 1988 . Lovell and Aldrin had previously flown together as the crew of Gemini 12 . The crew was initially assigned as the backup for Apollo 9 . Due to design and manufacturing delays in the Lunar Module ( LM ) , Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 swapped prime and backup crews , and Armstrong 's crew became the backup for Apollo 8 . Based on the normal crew rotation scheme , Armstrong was then expected to command Apollo 11 . There would be one change . Mike Collins on the Apollo 8 crew began experiencing trouble with his legs . Doctors diagnosed the problem as a bony growth between his fifth and sixth vertebrae , requiring surgery . Lovell took his place on the Apollo 8 crew , and , when he recovered , Collins joined Armstrong 's crew as CMP . In the meantime , Fred Haise filled in as backup LMP , and Aldrin as backup CMP for Apollo 8 . Backup crew Position Astronaut Commander James A. Lovell , Jr . Command Module Pilot William A. Anders Lunar Module Pilot Fred W. Haise , Jr . The backup crew consisted of Lovell as Commander , William Anders as CMP , and Haise as LMP . Anders had flown with Lovell on Apollo 8 . In early 1969 , he accepted a job with the National Space Council effective August 1969 and announced that he would retire as an astronaut on that date . At that point Ken Mattingly was moved from the support crew into parallel training with Anders as backup CMP in case Apollo 11 was delayed past its intended July launch , at which point Anders would be unavailable . Lovell , Haise , and Mattingly would ultimately be assigned as the prime crew of Apollo 13 . Support crew Charlie Duke , Capsule Communicator ( CAPCOM ) Ronald Evans ( CAPCOM ) Owen K. Garriott ( CAPCOM ) Don L. Lind ( CAPCOM ) Ken Mattingly ( CAPCOM ) Bruce McCandless II ( CAPCOM ) Harrison Schmitt ( CAPCOM ) Bill Pogue Jack Swigert William Carpentier ( SURGEON ) Flight directors Clifford E. Charlesworth ( Green Team ) , launch and EVA Gerald D. Griffin ( Gold Team ) Gene Kranz ( White Team ) , lunar landing Glynn Lunney ( Black Team ) , lunar ascent Call signs Apollo 11 Command / Service Module Columbia in lunar orbit , photographed from the Lunar Module Eagle After the crew of Apollo 10 named their spacecraft Charlie Brown and Snoopy , assistant manager for public affairs Julian Scheer wrote to Manned Spacecraft Center director George M. Low to suggest the Apollo 11 crew be less flippant in naming their craft . During early mission planning , the names Snowcone and Haystack were used and put in the news release . The Command Module was named Columbia after the Columbiad , the giant cannon shell `` spacecraft '' fired by a giant cannon ( also from Florida ) in Jules Verne 's 1865 novel From the Earth to the Moon . It also referenced Columbia , a personification of the United States . The Lunar Module was named Eagle for the national bird of the United States , the bald eagle , which was featured prominently on the mission insignia . Insignia Apollo 11 space - flown silver Robbins medallion The Apollo 11 mission insignia was designed by Collins , who wanted a symbol for `` peaceful lunar landing by the United States '' . At Lovell 's suggestion , he chose an eagle as the symbol , put an olive branch in its beak , and drew a lunar background with the Earth in the distance . The sunlight in the image was coming from the wrong direction ; the shadow should have been in the lower part of the Earth instead of the left . NASA officials felt that the talons of the eagle looked too `` warlike '' and after some discussion , the olive branch was moved to the claws . Armstrong was concerned that `` eleven '' would not be understood by non-English speakers , so they went with `` Apollo 11 '' ; they decided not to put their names on the patch , so it would `` be representative of everyone who had worked toward a lunar landing '' . All colors are natural , with blue and gold borders around the patch . When the Eisenhower dollar coin was released in 1971 , the patch design provided the eagle for its reverse side . The design was also used for the smaller Susan B. Anthony dollar unveiled in 1979 , ten years after the Apollo 11 mission . Mementos Neil Armstrong 's personal preference kit carried a piece of wood from the Wright brothers ' 1903 airplane 's left propeller and a piece of fabric from its wing , along with a diamond - studded astronaut pin originally given to Deke Slayton by the widows of the Apollo 1 crew . This pin had been intended to be flown on Apollo 1 and given to Slayton after the mission but following the disastrous launch pad fire and subsequent funerals , the widows gave the pin to Slayton and Armstrong took it on Apollo 11 . Mission highlights Launch and flight to lunar orbit Saturn V carrying Apollo 11 rises past the launch tower camera Earth seen from Apollo 11 just after leaving Earth orbit ( translunar injection ) Play media Taping at 500 fps of the engine ignition at launch In addition to many people crowding highways and beaches near the launch site , millions watched the event on television , with NASA Chief of Public Information Jack King providing commentary . President Richard M. Nixon viewed the proceedings from the Oval Office of the White House . A Saturn V launched Apollo 11 from Launch Pad 39A , part of the Launch Complex 39 site at the Kennedy Space Center on July 16 , 1969 , at 13 : 32 : 00 UTC ( 9 : 32 : 00 a.m. EDT local time ) . It entered Earth orbit , at an altitude of 100.4 nautical miles ( 185.9 km ) by 98.9 nautical miles ( 183.2 km ) , twelve minutes later . After one and a half orbits , the S - IVB third - stage engine pushed the spacecraft onto its trajectory toward the Moon with the trans - lunar injection ( TLI ) burn at 16 : 22 : 13 UTC . About 30 minutes later , the transposition , docking , and extraction maneuver was performed : this involved separating the Apollo Command / Service Module ( CSM ) from the spent rocket stage , turning around , and docking with the Lunar Module still attached to the stage . After the Lunar Module was extracted , the combined spacecraft headed for the Moon , while the rocket stage flew on a trajectory past the Moon and into orbit around the Sun . On July 19 at 17 : 21 : 50 UTC , Apollo 11 passed behind the Moon and fired its service propulsion engine to enter lunar orbit . In the thirty orbits that followed , the crew saw passing views of their landing site in the southern Sea of Tranquility ( Mare Tranquillitatis ) about 12 miles ( 19 km ) southwest of the crater Sabine D ( 0.67408 N , 23.47297 E ) . The landing site was selected in part because it had been characterized as relatively flat and smooth by the automated Ranger 8 and Surveyor 5 landers along with the Lunar Orbiter mapping spacecraft and unlikely to present major landing or extravehicular activity ( EVA ) challenges . Lunar descent The Eagle in lunar orbit after separating from Columbia CAPCOM Charles Duke , with backup pilots James Lovell and Fred Haise listening in during Apollo 11 's descent On July 20 , 1969 , the Lunar Module Eagle separated from the Command Module Columbia . Collins , alone aboard Columbia , inspected Eagle as it pirouetted before him to ensure the craft was not damaged . As the descent began , Armstrong and Aldrin found that they were passing landmarks on the surface four seconds early and reported that they were `` long '' ; they would land miles west of their target point . Five minutes into the descent burn , and 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) above the surface of the Moon , the LM navigation and guidance computer distracted the crew with the first of several unexpected `` 1202 '' and `` 1201 '' program alarms . Inside Mission Control Center in Houston , Texas , computer engineer Jack Garman told guidance officer Steve Bales it was safe to continue the descent , and this was relayed to the crew . The program alarms indicated `` executive overflows '' , meaning the guidance computer could not complete all of its tasks in real time and had to postpone some of them . Due to an error in the checklist manual , the rendezvous radar switch was placed in the wrong position . This caused it to send erroneous signals to the computer . The result was that the computer was being asked to perform all of its normal functions for landing while receiving an extra load of spurious data which used up 15 % of its time . The computer ( or rather the software in it ) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing . It then sent out an alarm , which meant to the astronaut , I 'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I 'm going to keep only the more important tasks ; i.e. , the ones needed for landing ... Actually , the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions . A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software . The software 's action , in this case , was to eliminate lower priority tasks and re-establish the more important ones ... If the computer had n't recognized this problem and taken recovery action , I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was . -- Letter from Margaret H. Hamilton , Director of Apollo Flight Computer Programming MIT Draper Laboratory , Cambridge , Massachusetts , titled `` Computer Got Loaded '' , published in Datamation , March 1 , 1971 Landing Play media Landing on the Moon , July 20 , 1969 Landing site of Apollo 11 at Sea of Tranquility Play media The Apollo 11 landing site visualized in three dimensions using photography and a stereo digital elevation model from the LRO camera . When Armstrong again looked outside , he saw that the computer 's landing target was in a boulder - strewn area just north and east of a 300 - meter ( 980 ft ) diameter crater ( later determined to be West crater , named for its location in the western part of the originally planned landing ellipse ) . Armstrong took semi-automatic control and , with Aldrin calling out altitude and velocity data , landed at 20 : 17 : 40 UTC on Sunday July 20 with about 25 seconds of fuel left . Apollo 11 landed with less fuel than other missions , and the astronauts encountered a premature low fuel warning . This was later found to be the result of greater propellant ' slosh ' than expected , uncovering a fuel sensor . On subsequent missions , extra anti-slosh baffles were added to the tanks to prevent this . Throughout the descent , Aldrin had called out navigation data to Armstrong , who was busy piloting the LM . A few moments before the landing , a light informed Aldrin that at least one of the 67 - inch ( 170 cm ) probes hanging from Eagle 's footpads had touched the surface , and he said : `` Contact light ! '' Three seconds later , Eagle landed and Armstrong said `` Shutdown . '' Aldrin immediately said `` Okay , engine stop . ACA -- out of detent . '' Armstrong acknowledged `` Out of detent . Auto '' and Aldrin continued `` Mode control -- both auto . Descent engine command override off . Engine arm -- off . 413 is in . '' Charles Duke , CAPCOM during the landing phase , acknowledged their landing by saying `` We copy you down , Eagle . '' Armstrong acknowledged Aldrin 's completion of the post landing checklist with `` Engine arm is off '' , before responding to Duke with the words , `` Houston , Tranquility Base here . The Eagle has landed . '' Armstrong 's unrehearsed change of call sign from `` Eagle '' to `` Tranquility Base '' emphasized to listeners that landing was complete and successful . Duke mispronounced his reply as he expressed the relief at Mission Control : `` Roger , Twan -- Tranquility , we copy you on the ground . You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue . We 're breathing again . Thanks a lot . '' Two and a half hours after landing , before preparations began for the EVA , Aldrin radioed to Earth : This is the LM pilot . I 'd like to take this opportunity to ask every person listening in , whoever and wherever they may be , to pause for a moment and contemplate the events of the past few hours and to give thanks in his or her own way . He then took communion privately . At this time NASA was still fighting a lawsuit brought by atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair ( who had objected to the Apollo 8 crew reading from the Book of Genesis ) demanding that their astronauts refrain from broadcasting religious activities while in space . As such , Aldrin chose to refrain from directly mentioning taking communion on the Moon . Aldrin was an elder at the Webster Presbyterian Church , and his communion kit was prepared by the pastor of the church , the Rev. Dean Woodruff . Aldrin described communion on the Moon and the involvement of his church and pastor in the October 1970 edition of Guideposts magazine and in his book Return to Earth . Webster Presbyterian possesses the chalice used on the Moon and commemorates the event each year on the Sunday closest to July 20 . The schedule for the mission called for the astronauts to follow the landing with a five - hour sleep period as they had been awake since early morning . However , they elected to forgo the sleep period and begin the preparations for the EVA early , thinking that they would be unable to sleep . Lunar surface operations See also : First Moon walk A mounted slowscan TV camera showing Armstrong as he climbs down the ladder to surface A photograph of Armstrong near the LM , taken by Aldrin on the lunar surface . This is one of the only photographs of Armstrong on the lunar surface ; most of the time he had the camera . The astronauts planned placement of the Early Apollo Scientific Experiment Package ( EASEP ) and the U.S. flag by studying their landing site through Eagle 's twin triangular windows , which gave them a 60 ° field of view . Preparation required longer than the two hours scheduled . Armstrong initially had some difficulties squeezing through the hatch with his Portable Life Support System ( PLSS ) . According to veteran Moon - walker John Young , a redesign of the LM to incorporate a smaller hatch had not been followed by a redesign of the PLSS backpack , so some of the highest heart rates recorded from Apollo astronauts occurred during LM egress and ingress . Several books indicate early mission timelines had Buzz Aldrin rather than Neil Armstrong as the first man on the Moon . At 02 : 39 UTC on Monday July 21 , 1969 , Armstrong opened the hatch , and at 02 : 51 UTC began his descent to the lunar surface . The Remote Control Unit controls on his chest kept him from seeing his feet . Climbing down the nine - rung ladder , Armstrong pulled a D - ring to deploy the Modular Equipment Stowage Assembly ( MESA ) folded against Eagle 's side and activate the TV camera , and at 02 : 56 : 15 UTC he set his left foot on the surface . The first landing used slow - scan television incompatible with commercial TV , so it was displayed on a special monitor and a conventional TV camera viewed this monitor , significantly reducing the quality of the picture . The signal was received at Goldstone in the United States but with better fidelity by Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station in Australia . Minutes later the feed was switched to the more sensitive Parkes radio telescope in Australia . Despite some technical and weather difficulties , ghostly black and white images of the first lunar EVA were received and broadcast to at least 600 million people on Earth . Although copies of this video in broadcast format were saved and are widely available , recordings of the original slow scan source transmission from the lunar surface were accidentally destroyed during routine magnetic tape re-use at NASA . The plaque left on the ladder of Eagle While still on the ladder , Armstrong uncovered a plaque mounted on the LM descent stage bearing two drawings of Earth ( of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres ) , an inscription , and signatures of the astronauts and President Nixon . The inscription read : Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the Moon , July 1969 A.D. We came in peace for all mankind . After describing the surface dust as `` very fine - grained '' and `` almost like a powder , '' six and a half hours after landing , Armstrong stepped off Eagle 's footpad and declared , `` That 's one small step for ( a ) man , one giant leap for mankind . '' Armstrong intended to say `` That 's one small step for a man '' , but the word `` a '' is not audible in the transmission , and thus was not initially reported by most observers of the live broadcast . When later asked about his quote , Armstrong said he believed he said `` for a man '' , and subsequent printed versions of the quote included the `` a '' in square brackets . One explanation for the absence may be that his accent caused him to slur the words `` for a '' together ; another is the intermittent nature of the audio and video links to Earth , partly because of storms near Parkes Observatory . More recent digital analysis of the tape claims to reveal the `` a '' may have been spoken but obscured by static . That 's one small step ... Problems playing this file ? See media help . About seven minutes after stepping onto the Moon 's surface , Armstrong collected a contingency soil sample using a sample bag on a stick . He then folded the bag and tucked it into a pocket on his right thigh . This was to guarantee there would be some lunar soil brought back in case an emergency required the astronauts to abandon the EVA and return to the LM . Twelve minutes after the contingency sample was collected , Aldrin joined Armstrong on the surface , and described the view with the simple phrase , `` Magnificent desolation . '' Buzz Aldrin poses on the Moon , allowing Neil Armstrong to photograph both of them using the visor 's reflection In addition to fulfilling President Kennedy 's mandate to land a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s , Apollo 11 was an engineering test of the Apollo system ; therefore , Armstrong snapped photos of the LM so engineers would be able to judge its post-landing condition . He removed the TV camera from the MESA and made a panoramic sweep , then mounted it on a tripod 68 feet ( 21 m ) from the LM . The TV camera cable remained partly coiled and presented a tripping hazard throughout the EVA . Armstrong said that moving in the lunar gravity , one - sixth of Earth 's , was `` even perhaps easier than the simulations ... It 's absolutely no trouble to walk around . '' Aldrin joined him on the surface and tested methods for moving around , including two - footed kangaroo hops . The PLSS backpack created a tendency to tip backward , but neither astronaut had serious problems maintaining balance . Loping became the preferred method of movement . The astronauts reported that they needed to plan their movements six or seven steps ahead . The fine soil was quite slippery . Aldrin remarked that moving from sunlight into Eagle 's shadow produced no temperature change inside the suit , though the helmet was warmer in sunlight , so he felt cooler in shadow . The astronauts planted a specially designed U.S. flag on the lunar surface , in clear view of the TV camera . Sometime later , President Richard Nixon spoke to them through a telephone - radio transmission which Nixon called `` the most historic phone call ever made from the White House . '' Nixon originally had a long speech prepared to read during the phone call , but Frank Borman , who was at the White House as a NASA liaison during Apollo 11 , convinced Nixon to keep his words brief , to respect the lunar landing as Kennedy 's legacy . Armstrong thanked the President , and gave a brief reflection on the significance of the moment : President Nixon speaks to Armstrong and Aldrin on the Moon Nixon : Hello , Neil and Buzz . I 'm talking to you by telephone from the Oval Room at the White House . And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone call ever made . I just ca n't tell you how proud we all are of what you 've done . For every American , this has to be the proudest day of our lives . And for people all over the world , I am sure they too join with Americans in recognizing what an immense feat this is . Because of what you have done , the heavens have become a part of man 's world . And as you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquility , it inspires us to redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to Earth . For one priceless moment in the whole history of man , all the people on this Earth are truly one : one in their pride in what you have done , and one in our prayers that you will return safely to Earth . Armstrong : Thank you , Mr. President . It 's a great honor and privilege for us to be here , representing not only the United States , but men of peace of all nations , and with interest and curiosity , and men with a vision for the future . It 's an honor for us to be able to participate here today . Aldrin bootprint ; part of an experiment to test the properties of the lunar regolith The MESA failed to provide a stable work platform and was in shadow , slowing work somewhat . As they worked , the moonwalkers kicked up gray dust which soiled the outer part of their suits , the integrated thermal meteoroid garment . They deployed the EASEP , which included a passive seismograph and a Lunar Ranging Retroreflector ( LRRR ) . Then Armstrong walked 196 feet ( 60 m ) from the LM to snap photos at the rim of Little West Crater while Aldrin collected two core tubes . He used the geological hammer to pound in the tubes -- the only time the hammer was used on Apollo 11 . The astronauts then collected rock samples using scoops and tongs on extension handles . Many of the surface activities took longer than expected , so they had to stop documenting sample collection halfway through the allotted 34 minutes . Map showing landing site and photos taken Three new minerals were discovered in the rock samples collected by the astronauts : armalcolite , tranquillityite , and pyroxferroite . Armalcolite was named after Armstrong , Aldrin , and Collins . During this period , Mission Control used a coded phrase to warn Armstrong that his metabolic rates were high and that he should slow down . He was moving rapidly from task to task as time ran out . However , as metabolic rates remained generally lower than expected for both astronauts throughout the walk , Mission Control granted the astronauts a 15 - minute extension . In a 2010 interview , Armstrong , who had walked a maximum of 196 feet ( 60 m ) from the LM , explained that NASA limited the first moonwalk 's time and distance because there was no empirical proof of how much cooling water the astronauts ' PLSS backpacks would consume to handle their body heat generation while working on the Moon . Lunar ascent and return Aldrin next to the Passive Seismic Experiment Package with Eagle in the background Aldrin entered Eagle first . With some difficulty the astronauts lifted film and two sample boxes containing 21.55 kilograms ( 47.5 lb ) of lunar surface material to the LM hatch using a flat cable pulley device called the Lunar Equipment Conveyor . Armstrong reminded Aldrin of a bag of memorial items in his suit pocket sleeve , and Aldrin tossed the bag down ; Armstrong then jumped to the ladder 's third rung and climbed into the LM . After transferring to LM life support , the explorers lightened the ascent stage for the return to lunar orbit by tossing out their PLSS backpacks , lunar overshoes , one Hasselblad camera , and other equipment . They then pressurized the LM and settled down to sleep . Wikisource has original text related to this article : In Event of Moon Disaster President Nixon 's speech writer William Safire had prepared In Event of Moon Disaster for the President to read on television in the event the Apollo 11 astronauts were stranded on the Moon . The contingency plan originated in a memo from Safire to Nixon 's White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman , in which Safire suggested a protocol the administration might follow in reaction to such a disaster . According to the plan , Mission Control would `` close down communications '' with the LM , and a clergyman would `` commend their souls to the deepest of the deep '' in a public ritual likened to burial at sea . The last line of the prepared text contained an allusion to Rupert Brooke 's First World War poem , `` The Soldier '' . The plan included presidential telephone calls to the astronauts ' wives . While moving inside the cabin , Aldrin accidentally damaged the circuit breaker that would arm the main engine for lift off from the Moon . There was a concern this would prevent firing the engine , stranding them on the Moon . Fortunately , a felt - tip pen was sufficient to activate the switch . Had this not worked , the Lunar Module circuitry could have been reconfigured to allow firing the ascent engine . After about seven hours of rest , the crew was awakened by Houston to prepare for the return flight . Two and a half hours later , at 17 : 54 UTC , they lifted off in Eagle 's ascent stage to rejoin Collins aboard Columbia in lunar orbit . After more than 211⁄2 total hours on the lunar surface , they had left behind scientific instruments that included a retroreflector array used for the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment and a Passive Seismic Experiment Package used to measure moonquakes . They also left an Apollo 1 mission patch , and a memorial bag containing a gold replica of an olive branch as a traditional symbol of peace and a silicon message disk . The disk carries the goodwill statements by Presidents Eisenhower , Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon and messages from leaders of 73 countries around the world . The disc also carries a listing of the leadership of the US Congress , a listing of members of the four committees of the House and Senate responsible for the NASA legislation , and the names of NASA 's past and present top management . ( In his 1989 book , Men from Earth , Aldrin says that the items included Soviet medals commemorating Cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov and Yuri Gagarin . ) Also , according to Deke Slayton 's book Moonshot , Armstrong carried with him a special diamond - studded astronaut pin from Slayton . Eagle 's ascent stage approaching Columbia Film taken from the LM Ascent Stage upon liftoff from the Moon reveals the American flag , planted some 25 feet ( 8 m ) from the descent stage , whipping violently in the exhaust of the ascent stage engine . Aldrin looked up in time to witness the flag topple : `` The ascent stage of the LM separated ... I was concentrating on the computers , and Neil was studying the attitude indicator , but I looked up long enough to see the flag fall over . '' Subsequent Apollo missions usually planted the American flags at least 100 feet ( 30 m ) from the LM to prevent them being blown over by the ascent engine exhaust . After rendezvous with Columbia , Eagle 's ascent stage was jettisoned into lunar orbit on July 21 , 1969 , at 23 : 41 UTC . Just before the Apollo 12 flight , it was noted that Eagle was still likely to be orbiting the Moon . Later NASA reports mentioned that Eagle 's orbit had decayed , resulting in it impacting in an `` uncertain location '' on the lunar surface . The location is uncertain because the Eagle ascent stage was not tracked after it was jettisoned , and the lunar gravity field is sufficiently non-uniform to make the orbit of the spacecraft unpredictable after a short time . NASA estimated that the orbit had decayed within months and would have impacted on the Moon . On July 23 , the last night before splashdown , the three astronauts made a television broadcast in which Collins commented : ... The Saturn V rocket which put us in orbit is an incredibly complicated piece of machinery , every piece of which worked flawlessly ... We have always had confidence that this equipment will work properly . All this is possible only through the blood , sweat , and tears of a number of a people ... All you see is the three of us , but beneath the surface are thousands and thousands of others , and to all of those , I would like to say , `` Thank you very much . '' Aldrin added : This has been far more than three men on a mission to the Moon ; more , still , than the efforts of a government and industry team ; more , even , than the efforts of one nation . We feel that this stands as a symbol of the insatiable curiosity of all mankind to explore the unknown ... Personally , in reflecting on the events of the past several days , a verse from Psalms comes to mind . `` When I consider the heavens , the work of Thy fingers , the Moon and the stars , which Thou hast ordained ; What is man that Thou art mindful of him ? '' Armstrong concluded : The responsibility for this flight lies first with history and with the giants of science who have preceded this effort ; next with the American people , who have , through their will , indicated their desire ; next with four administrations and their Congresses , for implementing that will ; and then , with the agency and industry teams that built our spacecraft , the Saturn , the Columbia , the Eagle , and the little EMU , the spacesuit and backpack that was our small spacecraft out on the lunar surface . We would like to give special thanks to all those Americans who built the spacecraft ; who did the construction , design , the tests , and put their hearts and all their abilities into those craft . To those people tonight , we give a special thank you , and to all the other people that are listening and watching tonight , God bless you . Good night from Apollo 11 . On the return to Earth , a bearing at the Guam tracking station failed , potentially preventing communication on the last segment of the Earth return . A regular repair was not possible in the available time but the station director , Charles Force , had his ten - year - old son Greg use his small hands to reach into the housing and pack it with grease . Greg later was thanked by Armstrong . Splashdown and quarantine Columbia floats on the ocean as Navy divers assist in retrieving the astronauts The astronauts in their Biological Isolation Garments aboard the USS Hornet On July 24 , the astronauts returned home aboard the Command Module Columbia just before dawn local time ( 16 : 51 UTC ) at 13 ° 19 ′ N 169 ° 9 ′ W / 13.317 ° N 169.150 ° W / 13.317 ; - 169.150 ( Apollo 11 splashdown ) , in the Pacific Ocean 2,660 km ( 1,440 nmi ) east of Wake Island , 380 km ( 210 nmi ) south of Johnston Atoll , and 24 km ( 13 nmi ) from the recovery ship , USS Hornet . This is near the village of Vatia in American Samoa . The American Samoa - flag which was brought to the moon by Apollo 11 is on display at the Jean P. Haydon Museum in Pago Pago , the territorial capital of American Samoa . At 16 : 44 UTC the drogue parachutes had been deployed and seven minutes later the Command Module struck the water forcefully . During splashdown , the Command Module landed upside down but was righted within 10 minutes by flotation bags triggered by the astronauts . `` Everything 's okay . Our checklist is complete . Awaiting swimmers '' , was Armstrong 's last official transmission from Columbia . A diver from the Navy helicopter hovering above attached a sea anchor to the Command Module to prevent it from drifting . Additional divers attached flotation collars to stabilize the module and position rafts for astronaut extraction . Though the chance of bringing back pathogens from the lunar surface was considered remote , it was considered a possibility and NASA took great precautions at the recovery site . Divers provided the astronauts with Biological Isolation Garments ( BIGs ) which were worn until they reached isolation facilities on board the Hornet . Additionally , astronauts were rubbed down with a sodium hypochlorite solution and the Command Module wiped with Betadine to remove any lunar dust that might be present . The raft containing decontamination materials was then intentionally sunk . A second Sea King helicopter - `` Helicopter 66 '' - hoisted the astronauts aboard one by one , where a NASA flight surgeon gave each a brief physical check during the 0.5 nautical miles ( 930 m ) trip back to the Hornet . The crew of Apollo 11 in quarantine after returning to Earth , visited by Richard Nixon After touchdown on the Hornet , the astronauts exited the helicopter , leaving the flight surgeon and three crewmen . The helicopter was then lowered into hangar bay # 2 where the astronauts walked the 30 feet ( 9.1 m ) to the Mobile Quarantine Facility ( MQF ) where they would begin the earth - based portion of their 21 days of quarantine . This practice would continue for two more Apollo missions , Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 , before the Moon was proven to be barren of life and the quarantine process dropped . President Richard Nixon was aboard Hornet to personally welcome the astronauts back to Earth . He told the astronauts , `` As a result of what you 've done , the world has never been closer together before . '' After Nixon departed , the Hornet was brought alongside the five - ton Command Module where it was placed aboard by the ship 's crane , placed on a dolly and moved next to the MQF . The Hornet sailed for Pearl Harbor where Columbia and the MQF were airlifted to the Manned Spacecraft Center . In accordance with the Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law , a set of regulations promulgated by NASA on July 16 to codify its quarantine protocol , the astronauts continued in quarantine out of concern that the Moon might contain undiscovered pathogens and that the astronauts might have been exposed to them during their Moon walks . However , after three weeks in confinement ( first in the Apollo spacecraft , then in their trailer on the Hornet , and finally in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center ) , the astronauts were given a clean bill of health . On August 10 , 1969 , the Interagency Committee on Back Contamination met in Atlanta and lifted the quarantine on the astronauts , on those who had joined them in quarantine ( NASA physician William Carpentier and MQF project engineer John Hirasaki ) , and on Columbia itself . Loose equipment from the spacecraft would remain in isolation until the lunar samples were released for study . Celebration Parade in New York City On August 13 , they rode in parades in their honor in New York , Chicago , and Los Angeles . On the same evening in Los Angeles there was an official State Dinner to celebrate the flight , attended by members of Congress , 44 governors , the Chief Justice of the United States , and ambassadors from 83 nations at the Century Plaza Hotel . President Richard Nixon and Vice President Spiro T. Agnew honored each astronaut with a presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom . This celebration was the beginning of a 45 - day `` Giant Leap '' tour that brought the astronauts to 25 foreign countries and included visits with prominent leaders such as Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom . Many nations honored the first manned Moon landing with special features in magazines or by issuing Apollo 11 commemorative postage stamps or coins . On September 16 , 1969 , the three astronauts spoke before a joint session of Congress on Capitol Hill . They presented two US flags , one to the House of Representatives and the other to the Senate , that had been carried to the surface of the Moon with them . Moon Race Artist 's impression of Luna 15 The Soviet Union had been competing with the US in landing a man on the Moon but had been hampered by repeated failures in development of a launcher comparable to the Saturn V. Meanwhile , they tried to beat the US to return lunar material to the Earth by means of unmanned probes . On July 13 , three days before Apollo 11 's launch , they launched Luna 15 , which reached lunar orbit before Apollo 11 . During descent , a malfunction caused Luna 15 to crash in Mare Crisium about two hours before Armstrong and Aldrin took off from the Moon 's surface to begin their voyage home . The Jodrell Bank Observatory radio telescope in England was later discovered to have recorded transmissions from Luna 15 during its descent , and this was published in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11 . Legacy Spacecraft location Command Module Columbia at the National Air and Space Museum Lunar Module landing site photographed by the LRO in 2012 The Command Module Columbia was displayed at the National Air and Space Museum ( NASM ) , Washington , D.C. It was in the central Milestones of Flight exhibition hall in front of the Jefferson Drive entrance , sharing the main hall with other pioneering flight vehicles such as the Wright Flyer , the Spirit of St. Louis , the Bell X-1 , the North American X-15 , Mercury spacecraft Friendship 7 , and Gemini 4 . Armstrong 's and Aldrin 's space suits are displayed in the museum 's Apollo to the Moon exhibit . The quarantine trailer , the flotation collar , and the righting spheres are displayed at the Smithsonian 's Steven F. Udvar - Hazy Center annex near Washington Dulles International Airport in Chantilly , Virginia . The descent stage of the Lunar Module Eagle remains on the Moon . In 2009 , the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ) imaged the various Apollo landing sites on the surface of the Moon , for the first time with sufficient resolution to see the descent stages of the lunar modules , scientific instruments , and foot trails made by the astronauts . The remains of the ascent stage are presumed to lie at an unknown location on the lunar surface , after being abandoned and reimpacting the Moon . In March 2012 a team of specialists financed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos located the F - 1 engines that launched Apollo 11 into space . The engines were found below the Atlantic Ocean 's surface through the use of advanced sonar scanning . His team brought parts of two of the five engines to the surface . In July 2013 , a conservator discovered a serial number under the rust on one of the engines raised from the Atlantic , which NASA confirmed was from the Apollo 11 launch . Command Module Columbia at the Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar Columbia was moved in 2017 to the NASM Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar - Hazy Center in Chantilly , Virginia , to be readied for a four - city tour titled Destination Moon : The Apollo 11 Mission . This will include Space Center Houston ( October 14 , 2017 to March 18 , 2018 ) , the Saint Louis Science Center ( April 14 to September 3 , 2018 ) , the Senator John Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh ( September 29 , 2018 to February 18 , 2019 ) , and the Seattle Museum of Flight ( March 16 to September 2 , 2019 ) . The S - IVB stage which performed Apollo 11 's trans - lunar injection remains in a solar orbit near to that of Earth . 40th anniversary events Mike Simons , director of the National Electronics Museum , assembles an Apollo TV camera for display at the Newseum On July 15 , 2009 , Life.com released a photo gallery of previously unpublished photos of the astronauts taken by Life photographer Ralph Morse prior to the Apollo 11 launch . From July 16 -- 24 , 2009 , NASA streamed the original mission audio on its website in real time 40 years to the minute after the events occurred . In addition , it is in the process of restoring the video footage and has released a preview of key moments . In July 2010 , air - to - ground voice recordings and film footage shot in Mission Control during the Apollo 11 powered descent and landing was re-synchronised and released for the first time . The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum set up a Flash website that rebroadcasts the transmissions of Apollo 11 from launch to landing on the Moon . On July 20 , 2009 , the crew of Armstrong , Aldrin , and Collins met with U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House . `` We expect that there is , as we speak , another generation of kids out there who are looking up at the sky and are going to be the next Armstrong , Collins , and Aldrin '' , Obama said . `` We want to make sure that NASA is going to be there for them when they want to take their journey . '' On August 7 , 2009 , an act of Congress awarded the three astronauts a Congressional Gold Medal , the highest civilian award in the United States . The bill was sponsored by Florida Sen. Bill Nelson and Florida Rep. Alan Grayson . A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing : It was carried out in a technically brilliant way with risks taken ... that would be inconceivable in the risk - averse world of today ... The Apollo programme is arguably the greatest technical achievement of mankind to date ... nothing since Apollo has come close ( to ) the excitement that was generated by those astronauts -- Armstrong , Aldrin and the 10 others who followed them . Gallery Roll - out of Saturn V AS - 505 from the Vehicle Assembly Building to the launch pad The Earth as seen from Apollo 11 on the third day out Play media Neil Armstrong describes the Moon 's surface before setting foot on it The Washington Post on Monday , July 21 , 1969 : `` ' The Eagle Has Landed ' -- Two Men Walk on the Moon '' Notes Jump up ^ During the mission , the cause was diagnosed as the rendezvous radar switch being in the wrong position , causing the computer to process data from both the rendezvous and landing radars at the same time , as stated in the letter . However , software engineer Don Eyles concluded in a 2005 Guidance and Control Conference paper that the problem was actually due to a hardware design bug previously seen during testing of the first unmanned LM for Apollo 5 . Having the rendezvous radar on ( so that it was warmed up in case of an emergency landing abort ) should have been irrelevant to the computer , but an electrical phasing mismatch between two parts of the rendezvous radar system could cause the stationary antenna to appear to the computer as dithering back and forth between two positions , depending upon how the hardware randomly powered up . The extra spurious cycle stealing , as the rendezvous radar updated an involuntary counter , caused the computer alarms . The Apollo onboard flight software for both the CM and LM was developed using an asynchronous executive so that higher priority jobs could interrupt lower priority jobs . The sequence that occurred in the Apollo 11 landing was successful because of its global error detection and recovery system . This included the restart capability to `` kill and start over again '' and recompute and the display interface routines ( `` priority displays '' ) providing the ability , in the case of an emergency , to interrupt nominal displays with higher priority alarm displays . Steps previously taken to create solutions that took advantage of this multiprogramming environment suggested solutions for multiprocessing . Although only one process is actively executing at a given time in a multiprogramming environment , other processes in the same system ― sleeping or waiting ― exist in parallel with the executing process . With this as a backdrop , the priority display mechanisms were created , essentially changing the man - machine interface between the astronauts and the onboard flight software from synchronous to asynchronous displays so that a mission could be reconfigured in real time should it become necessary to do so . 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( 2001 ) . `` On Eagle 's Wings : The Parkes Observatory 's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission '' . Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia . Collingwood , Victoria : CSIRO Publishing for the Astronomical Society of Australia . 18 ( 3 ) : 287 -- 310 . Bibcode : 2001PASA ... 18 ... 287S . doi : 10.1071 / AS01038 . Retrieved May 24 , 2013 . October 2000 website version , part 10 of 12 : `` The Television Broadcasts . '' Original version available from CSIRO Parkes Observatory ( PDF ) . Jump up ^ Sarkissian , John M. ( 2001 ) . `` On Eagle 's Wings : The Parkes Observatory 's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission '' ( PDF ) . Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia . Collingwood , Victoria : CSIRO Publishing for the Astronomical Society of Australia . 18 ( 3 ) : 287 -- 310 . Bibcode : 2001PASA ... 18 ... 287S . doi : 10.1071 / AS01038 . Retrieved September 22 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Canright , Shelley , ed . ( July 15 , 2004 ) ( updated December 9 , 2007 ) . `` Apollo Moon Landing -- 35th Anniversary '' . NASA Education . NASA . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Includes the `` a '' article as intended . Jump up ^ `` Armstrong ' got Moon quote right ' '' . BBC News . London . October 2 , 2006 . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . News story on reanalysis which suggests the line was said correctly ( with the `` a '' article ) . Jump up ^ Ghosh , Pallab ( June 3 , 2009 ) . `` Armstrong 's ' poetic ' slip on Moon '' . BBC News . London . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . News story on later reanalysis which suggests the line was said incorrectly . Jump up ^ Carreau , Mark ( September 30 , 2006 ) . `` Hear what Neil Armstrong really said on the moon '' . Houston Chronicle . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Adams , Cecil . `` Did astronaut Neil Armstrong muff his historic `` one small step '' line ? `` . Jump up ^ Mikkelson , Barbara & David P. `` One Small Step '' at Snopes.com : Urban Legends Reference Pages . Jump up ^ Meyer , Charles ( 2009 ) . `` Lunar Sample Compendium : Contingency Soil ( 10010 ) '' ( PDF ) . Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science . NASA . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Events of 1969 : Apollo 11 '' . UPI.com . United Press International . 1969 . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Exhibit : Apollo 11 and Nixon '' . American Originals . Washington , D.C. : National Archives and Records Administration . March 1996 . Retrieved April 13 , 2008 . Jump up ^ This was related by Frank Borman during the 2008 documentary When We Left Earth : The NASA Missions , part 2 . Jump up ^ Jones , Eric M. , ed. ( 1995 ) . `` EASEP Deployment and Closeout '' . Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal . NASA . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Neil Armstrong Explains His Famous Apollo 11 Moonwalk '' . space.com . New York : TechMediaNetwork , Inc . December 10 , 2010 . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Jones , Eric M. , ed. ( 1995 ) . `` Trying to Rest '' . Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal . NASA . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` White House ' Lost In Space ' Scenarios '' . The Smoking Gun . New York . August 8 , 2005 . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . Scanned copy of the `` In Event of Moon Disaster '' memo . Jump up ^ Mann , Jim ( July 7 , 1999 ) . `` The Story of a Tragedy That Was Not to Be '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . ^ Jump up to : Safire , William ( July 12 , 1999 ) . `` Essay ; Disaster Never Came '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 25 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages '' ( PDF ) ( Press release ) . Washington , D.C. : NASA . July 13 , 1969 . Release No : 69 - 83F . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Williams , David R. `` Apollo Tables '' . National Space Science Data Center . NASA . Archived from the original on October 1 , 2006 . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Rodriguez , Rachel ( July 20 , 2009 ) . `` The 10 - year - old who helped Apollo 11 , 40 years later '' . CNN . Retrieved January 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Vatia and Pola Tai '' . AFAR Media . Retrieved March 5 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Jean P. Haydon Museum '' . www.fodors.com . Retrieved March 5 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Fish , Bob ( 2009 ) . Hornet Plus Three : The Story of the Apollo 11 Recovery . Foreword by Richard Gordon ( 1st ed . ) . Reno , Nevada : Creative Minds Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 9749610 - 7 - 1 . Jump up ^ Phillips , Sam . C. ( July 8 , 1969 ) . `` Apollo 11 Prelaunch Mission Operation Report , no . M - 932 - 69 - 1 '' ( PDF ) . NASA . p. 49 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . The crew will be quarantined for approximately 21 days after liftoff from the lunar surface . Jump up ^ `` After Splashdown '' . Apollo to the Moon . Washington , D.C. : National Air and Space Museum . July 1999 . Archived from the original on 2013 - 08 - 15 . Retrieved August 15 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Gannon , Frank ( July 23 , 2008 ) . `` 24 July 1969 : Home From The Moon '' . The New Nixon . Richard Nixon Foundation . Archived from the original on May 9 , 2010 . Retrieved July 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Extra-Terrestrial Exposure , 34 Fed . Reg. 11975 ( July 16 , 1969 ) , codified at 14 C.F.R. pt. 1200 Jump up ^ `` A Front Row Seat For History '' . NASAexplores . NASA . July 15 , 2004 . Archived from the original on March 19 , 2006 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Carmichael , Scott W. ( 2010 ) . Moon Men Return : USS Hornet and the Recovery of the Apollo 11 Astronauts . Annapolis , Maryland : Naval Institute Press . p. 118 . ISBN 9781591141105 . ^ Jump up to : Ertel , Ivan D. ; Newkirk , Roland W. ; Brooks , Courtney G. ( 1978 ) . `` The Apollo Spacecraft - A Chronology . Vol. IV . Part 3 ( 1969 3rd quarter ) '' . NASA History Program Office . NASA . p. 312 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Taylor , Alan ( July 15 , 2014 ) . `` The Year Men Walked on the Moon '' . The Atlantic . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` Richard Nixon : Remarks at a Dinner in Los Angeles Honoring the Apollo 11 Astronauts '' . The American Presidency Project . August 13 , 1969 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Bill ( July 23 , 1969 ) . `` Families Wait for Moon Men '' . The Australian Women 's Weekly . Sydney . 37 ( 8 ) : 2 -- 4 . Retrieved July 19 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Lunar Missions : Apollo 11 '' . Lunar Hall of Fame . 2008 . Archived from the original on 2008 - 10 - 24 . Retrieved June 9 , 2014 . Jump up ^ `` The Apollo 11 Crew Members Appear Before a Joint Meeting of Congress '' . United States House of Representatives . Retrieved March 3 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Lindroos , Marcus . `` The Soviet Manned Lunar Program '' ( PDF ) . MIT OpenCourseWare . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Retrieved October 4 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Brown , Jonathan ( July 3 , 2009 ) . `` Recording tracks Russia 's Moon gatecrash attempt '' . The Independent . London . Retrieved January 10 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Amazon boss Jeff Bezos ' finds Apollo 11 Moon engines ' '' . BBC News . London . March 28 , 2012 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Kolawole , Emi ( 19 July 2013 ) . `` Bezos Expeditions retrieves and identifies Apollo 11 engine # 5 , NASA confirms identity '' . Retrieved 13 February 2017 . Jump up ^ Bezos , Jeff ( 19 July 2013 ) . `` F - 1 Engine Recovery - Updates '' . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia '' . Retrieved 27 August 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Moonship To Go On Tour '' . Retrieved August 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-059B Jump up ^ `` LIFE : Up Close With Apollo 11 '' . Life . Archived from the original on May 21 , 2013 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Onboard Audio '' . Apollo 40th Anniversary . NASA . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Garner , Robert ( ed . ) . `` Apollo 11 Partial Restoration HD Videos ( Downloads ) '' . NASA . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Riley , Christopher ( July 20 , 2010 ) . `` Sound restored to mission control film shot during Apollo 11 moon landing '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved July 11 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` We Choose the Moon '' . John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum . Archived from the original on June 17 , 2009 . Retrieved July 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Apollo 11 Crew Meets With President Obama '' . Image of the Day Gallery . NASA . July 20 , 2009 . Retrieved June 9 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Zeleny , Jeff ( July 21 , 2009 ) . `` Obama Hails Apollo Crew From a Lens of Childhood '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Text of S. 951 as Engrossed in Senate : New Frontier Congressional Gold Medal Act -- U.S. Congress -- OpenCongress '' . OpenCongress.org . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2012 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Text of H.R. 2245 as Enrolled Bill : New Frontier Congressional Gold Medal Act -- U.S. Congress -- OpenCongress '' . OpenCongress.org . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2012 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Moon landings : British scientists salute space heroes '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . July 17 , 2009 . Archived from the original on March 8 , 2013 . Retrieved June 14 , 2013 . This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Bibliography Brooks , Courtney G. ; Grimwood , James M. ; Swenson , Loyd S. , Jr. ( 1979 ) . Chariots for Apollo : A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft . NASA History Series . Washington , D.C. : Scientific and Technical Information Branch , NASA . ISBN 978 - 0 - 486 - 46756 - 6 . LCCN 79001042 . OCLC 4664449 . NASA SP - 4205 . Retrieved July 20 , 2010 . Carmichael , Scott W. ( 2010 ) . Moon Men Return : USS Hornet and the Recovery of the Apollo 11 Astronauts . Annapolis , Maryland : Naval Institute Press . ISBN 978 - 1 - 59114 - 110 - 5 . OCLC 562772897 . Chaikin , Andrew ( 1994 ) . A Man on the Moon : The Triumphant Story Of The Apollo Space Program . New York : Penguin Group . ISBN 0 - 14 - 027201 - 1 . OCLC 890357362 . Collins , Michael ; Aldrin , Edwin E. , Jr. ( 1975 ) . `` A Yellow Caution Light '' . In Cortright , Edgar M. Apollo Expeditions to the Moon . Washington , D.C. : NASA . OCLC 1623434 . NASA SP - 350 . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Collins , Michael ( 2001 ) ( 1974 ) . Carrying the Fire : An Astronaut 's Journeys . Foreword by Charles Lindberg . New York : Cooper Square Press . ISBN 0 - 8154 - 1028 - X . LCCN 2001017080 . OCLC 45755963 . Cunningham , Walter ( 2010 ) ( 1977 ) . The All - American Boys . ipicturebooks . ISBN 978 - 1 - 87696 - 324 - 8 . OCLC 713908039 . Hansen , James R. ( 2005 ) . First Man : The Life of Neil A. Armstrong . New York : Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978 - 0 - 7432 - 5631 - 5 . LCCN 2005049992 . OCLC 937302502 . Manned Spacecraft Center ( November 1969 ) . Apollo 11 Mission Report ( PDF ) . Manned Spacecraft Center , Mission Evaluation Team . Houston , Texas : NASA . OCLC 10970862 . MSC - 00171 . Retrieved July 10 , 2013 . Mindell , David A. ( 2008 ) . Digital Apollo : Human and Machine in Spaceflight . Cambridge , Massachusetts : MIT Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 262 - 13497 - 2 . LCCN 2007032255 . OCLC 751829782 . Orloff , Richard W. ( 2000 ) . Apollo by the Numbers : A Statistical Reference . NASA History Series . Washington , D.C. : NASA History Division , Office of Policy and Plans . ISBN 0 - 16 - 050631 - X . LCCN 00061677 . OCLC 829406439 . NASA SP - 2000 - 4029 . Retrieved June 12 , 2013 . Slayton , Donald K. `` Deke '' ; Cassutt , Michael ( 1994 ) . Deke ! U.S. Manned Space : From Mercury to the Shuttle . New York : Forge . ISBN 0 - 312 - 85503 - 6 . LCCN 94002463 . OCLC 29845663 . Waligora , J.M. ; Horrigan , D.J. ( 1975 ) . `` Chapter 4 : Metabolism and Heat Dissipation During Apollo EVA Periods '' . In Johnston , Richard S. ; Dietlein , Lawrence F. ; Berry , Charles A. Biomedical Results of Apollo . Foreword by Christopher C. Kraft , Jr . Washington , D.C. : NASA . NASA SP - 368 . Retrieved February 14 , 2017 . Further reading Cappellari , J.O. Jr . ( May -- June 1972 ) . Where on the Moon ? An Apollo Systems Engineering Problem . Bell System Technical Journal . 51 . New York : American Telephone and Telegraph Company . pp. 955 -- 1127 . OCLC 17779623 . Barbour , John Andrews ( 1969 ) . Footprints on the Moon . Writers and editors of the Associated Press . Manuscript by John Barbour . New York . Associated Press . OCLC 26341 . French , Francis ; Burgess , Colin ( 2007 ) . In the Shadow of the Moon : A Challenging Journey to Tranquility , 1965 -- 1969 . Outward Odyssey : A People 's History of Spaceflight . Foreword by Walter Cunningham . Lincoln , Nebraska : University of Nebraska Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8032 - 1128 - 5 . Mailer , Norman ( 1970 ) . Of a Fire on the Moon . Boston : Little , Brown . ISBN 0 - 316 - 54411 - 6 . OCLC 101602 . Rahman , Tahir ( 2008 ) . We Came in Peace for All Mankind : The Untold Story of the Apollo 11 Silicon Disc ( 1st ed . ) . Overland Park , Kansas : Leathers Publishing . ISBN 978 - 1 - 58597 - 441 - 2 . For Young Readers Aldrin , Buzz ( 2005 ) . Reaching for the Moon . Paintings by Wendell Minor ( 1st ed . ) . New York : HarperCollins. 40 pages . ISBN 0 - 06 - 055446 - 0 . Floca , Brian ( 2009 ) . Moonshot : The Flight of Apollo 11 . New York : Atheneum Books for Young Readers . 48 pages . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4169 - 5046 - 2 . Thimmesh , Catherine ( 2006 ) . Team Moon : How 400,000 People Landed Apollo 11 on the Moon . New York : Houghton Mifflin Company . 80 pages . ISBN 978 - 0 - 618 - 50757 - 3 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollo 11 . `` Apollo 11 transcripts '' at Spacelog `` Magnificent Desolation : The Apollo 11 Moonwalk Pictures '' by Apollo Lunar Surface Journal contributor Joseph O'Dea . Complete gallery of Apollo 11 EVA pictures . `` Apollo 11 '' Detailed mission information by Dr. David R. Williams , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center `` Apollo 11 '' Photographer Blaise Thirard 's presentation of Apollo 11 photographs Sylvester , Rachel ; Coates , Sam . `` Men on the Moon '' . The Times . London . Archived from the original on May 31 , 2010 . Retrieved May 24 , 2013 . Original reports from The Times ( London ) `` Apollo 40th Anniversary '' . NASA . July 2009 . Archived from the original on July 18 , 2009 . Retrieved July 18 , 2009 . NASA website honoring the mission `` The untold story : how one small silicon disc delivered a giant message to the Moon '' at collectSPACE.com `` Apollo Anniversary : Moon Landing ' Inspired World ' '' National Geographic News , July 16 , 2004 -- 35th anniversary of Apollo 11 ; Steven Dick , NASA 's chief historian : `` ... a thousand years from now , that step may be considered the crowning achievement of the 20th century . '' `` Ten Things You Did n't Know About the Apollo 11 Moon Landing '' by Craig Nelson , Popular Mechanics , July 13 , 2009 `` Coverage of the Flight of Apollo 11 -- ( 1969 ) '' provided by Todd Kosovich for RadioTapes.com . Radio station recordings ( airchecks ) covering the flight of Apollo 11 . `` Space Missions '' at Buzz Aldrin 's official website NASA reports `` Apollo Program Summary Report '' . NASA History Program Office . NASA . April 1975 . Archived from the original on September 29 , 2006 . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . -- 200 + pages Ertel , Ivan ( 1969 -- 1978 ) . The Apollo Spacecraft : A Chronology . I -- IV . Morse , M.L. ; Bays , J.K. ; Brooks , C.G. ; Newkirk , R.W. Washington , D.C. : NASA . LCCN 69060008 . OCLC 23818 . NASA SP - 4009 . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . `` Apollo 11 Mission Report '' ( PDF ) . NASA . 1971 . -- 230 pages `` EP - 72 Log of Apollo 11 '' . NASA History Program Office . NASA . Retrieved January 16 , 2006 . -- Timeline of the mission , from `` One Giant Leap for Mandkind , '' 2004 . Multimedia `` ' To the Moon and Back ' : LIFE Covers the Apollo 11 Mission '' . Time . Archived from the original on July 20 , 2013 . Retrieved July 20 , 2013 . -- Life magazine Special Edition , August 11 , 1969 `` Apollo 11 : Scenes From the Moon '' . Archived from the original on July 17 , 2009 . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . -- slideshow by Life magazine Garner , Robert ( ed . ) . `` Apollo 11 Partial Restoration HD Videos ( Downloads ) '' . NASA . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . -- Remastered videos of the original landing . Jones , Eric M. Jones , ed. ( 1995 ) . `` Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal '' . Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal . NASA . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . -- Transcripts and audio clips of important parts of the mission Jones , Eric M. ; Glover , Ken , eds. ( 1995 -- 2009 ) . `` Apollo 11 Image Library '' . Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal . NASA . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . -- Hundreds of high - resolution images of the mission , including assembled panoramas . Simon , Johnny ( July 20 , 2018 ) . `` Extremely high - res outtakes from Apollo 11 's 1969 moon landing '' . Quartz . Retrieved July 20 , 2018 . -- Extremely high - resolution images ( July 20 , 2018 ) . `` Apollo Mission Traverse Maps '' . USGS . Archived from the original on September 24 , 2006 . Retrieved September 23 , 2006 . -- Several maps showing routes of moonwalks Google Moon -- with lunar landing sites tagged Apollo Lunar Surface VR Panoramas at moonpans.com Apollo Image Archive at Arizona State University Apollo launch and mission videos at ApolloTV.net Real - time audiovisual recreation of the lunar module landing with audio feeds from the crew of Apollo 11 and Ground Control The short film Moonwalk One is available for free download at the Internet Archive The short film The Eagle Has Landed : The Flight of Apollo 11 is available for free download at the Internet Archive Apollo 11 Restored EVA Part 1 ( 1h of restored footage ) Missions and tests of the Apollo program Rocket tests SA - 1 SA - 2 SA - 3 SA - 4 SA - 5 AS - 203 Abort tests QTV Pad Abort Test - 1 A-001 A-002 A-003 Pad Abort Test - 2 A-004 Boilerplate tests AS - 101 AS - 102 AS - 103 AS - 104 AS - 105 Unmanned missions AS - 201 AS - 202 Apollo 4 Apollo 5 Apollo 6 Skylab 1 Low Earth orbit missions Apollo 7 Apollo 9 Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Apollo -- Soyuz Test Project Lunar orbit missions Apollo 8 Apollo 10 Lunar landing missions Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Failed missions Apollo 1 ( AS - 204 ) Apollo 13 List of missions Mission types Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 Canceled missions Spacecraft missions to the Moon Programs American Apollo Commercial Lunar Payload Services Lunar Orbiter Lunar Precursor Pioneer Ranger Surveyor Chinese ( CLEP ) Indian ( Chandrayaan ) Japanese Russian Luna - Glob Soviet Crewed Luna Zond Lunokhod Current Orbiters ARTEMIS Chang'e 5 - T1 ( Service Module ) Longjiang - 2 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Past Orbiters Apollo 8 10 Apollo 15 Subsatellite ( PFS - 1 ) Apollo 16 Subsatellite ( PFS - 2 ) Chandrayaan - 1 Chang'e 1 Chang'e 2 Clementine Explorer 35 Explorer 49 GRAIL ( Ebb & Flow ) Hiten LADEE Luna 10 11 12 14 19 22 Lunar Orbiter 1 5 Lunar Prospector SELENE ( Kaguya , Okina & Ouna ) SMART - 1 Flybys 4M Apollo 13 AsiaSat - 3 Cassini -- Huygens Chang'e 5 - T1 ( Xiaofei ) Galileo Geotail ICE Longjiang - 1 Luna 1 Luna 3 Mariner 10 Nozomi Pioneer 4 Pioneer 10 Ranger 5 STEREO TESS WIND WMAP Zond 3 5 6 7 8 Impactors LCROSS Luna 2 MIP Ranger 4 6 7 8 9 Landers Apollo Lunar Module x6 ALSEP ( x5 ) and EASEP ( x1 ) Chang'e 3 Luna 9 13 17 21 Surveyor 1 5 6 7 Rovers Apollo 15 16 17 Lunokhod 1 Yutu Sample return Apollo 11 12 14 15 16 17 Luna 16 20 24 Human landing Apollo 11 12 14 15 16 17 Planned EM - 1 ( 2020 ) Orion ArgoMoon BioSentinel Cislunar Explorers CuSP CU - E EQUULEUS LunaH - Map Lunar Flashlight Lunar IceCube NEA Scout OMOTENASHI SkyFire Team Miles Luna - Glob Luna 25 ( 2021 ) Luna 26 ( 2022 ) Luna 27 ( 2023 ) Luna 28 Luna 29 Others Chandrayaan - 2 ( 2018 ) Chang'e 4 ( 2018 ) Sparrow ( 2018 ) Chang'e 5 ( 2019 ) MX - 1E ( 2019 ) PTScientists ( 2019 ) Astrobotic / Hakuto / AngelicvM ( 2020 ) Chang'e 6 ( 2020 ) SLIM ( 2021 ) DESTINY ( 2022 ) EM - 2 ( 2023 ) EM - 3 ( 2023 + ) Proposed Baden - Württemberg 1 Blue Origin Blue Moon DSE - Alpha International Lunar Network Lunar Lander Lunar Mission One Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway Lunar Orbital Station MoonLITE OpenLuna SELENE - R Synergy Moon TeamIndus Cancelled Altair European Lunar Explorer LEO LK Lunar - A Lunar Observer Lunokhod 3 MoonRise Prospector Resource Prospector SpaceX lunar tourism mission Ukrselena See also Colonization of the Moon Exploration of the Moon Google Lunar X Prize List of Apollo astronauts List of lunar probes List of artificial objects on the Moon List of missions to the Moon Lunar rover Moon landing Conspiracy theories Crewed missions in italics . The Moon Physical properties Internal structure Topography Atmosphere Gravity field Hill sphere Magnetic field Sodium tail Moonlight Earthshine Orbit Lunar distance Orbital elements Distance Perigee and apogee Nodes Nodal period Precession Syzygy New moon Full moon Eclipses Lunar eclipse Total penumbral lunar eclipse Tetrad Solar eclipse Solar eclipses on the Moon Eclipse cycle Supermoon Tide Tidal force Tidal locking Tidal acceleration Tidal range Lunar mansion Surface and features Selenography Terminator Hemispheres Near side Far side Poles North pole South pole Face Maria List Mountains Peak of eternal light Valleys Volcanic features Domes Calderas Craters List Ray systems Crater of eternal darkness Shackleton crater South Pole -- Aitken basin Soil Swirls Rilles Wrinkle ridges Rocks Lunar basalt 70017 Water Space weathering Micrometeorite Sputtering Quakes Transient lunar phenomenon Science Observation Libration Lunar theory Origin Giant - impact hypothesis Theia Lunar magma ocean Geology Timescale Late Heavy Bombardment Lunar meteorites KREEP Experiments Lunar laser ranging ALSEP Lunar sample displays Apollo 11 Apollo 17 Exploration Missions Apollo program Probes Landing Conspiracy theories Colonization Tourism Time - telling and navigation Lunar calendar Lunisolar calendar Month Lunar month Nodal period Fortnight Sennight Lunar mansion Lunar distance Phases and names New Full Names Crescent Super and micro Blood Blue Black Dark Wet Tetrad Related topics Lunar effect Moon illusion Pareidolia Man in the Moon Moon rabbit Craters named after people Memorials on the Moon Moon in fiction Moon in mythology Hjúki and Bil `` Moon is made of green cheese '' Natural satellite Double planet Lilith ( hypothetical second moon ) Category Moon portal Earth sciences portal Solar System portal ← 1968 Orbital launches in 1969 1970 → Venera 5 Venera 6 Kosmos 263 Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5 7K - L1 No. 13L OSO - 5 OPS 7585 Kosmos 264 US - A No. 5 Isis 1 Meteor - 1 No. 11 OPS 3890 OPS 2644 Intelsat III F - 3 Kosmos 265 OPS 0757 Luna E-8 No. 201 7K - L1S No. 3 Mariner 6 Kosmos 266 ESSA - 9 Kosmos 267 Apollo 9 OPS 4248 Kosmos 268 Kosmos 269 Kosmos 270 Kosmos 271 Kosmos 272 OV1 - 17 OV1 - 18 OV1 - 19 Orbiscal 2 OPS 3722 OPS 2285 Kosmos 273 Kosmos 274 Meteor - 1 No. 12 2M No. 521 Mariner 7 Kosmos 275 2M No. 522 Kosmos 276 Kosmos 277 Kosmos 278 Molniya - 1 No. 16 OPS 3148 Nimbus 3 SECOR 13 Kosmos 279 OPS 5310 Kosmos 280 OPS 1101 OPS 1721 Kosmos 281 Apollo 10 Kosmos 282 Intelsat III F - 4 OPS 6909 OPS 6911 ERS - 29 ERS - 26 OV5 - 9 Kosmos 283 Kosmos 284 Kosmos 285 OPS 1077 OGO - 6 Luna E-8 - 5 No. 402 Kosmos 286 Explorer 41 Kosmos 287 Kosmos 288 Biosatellite 3 STV - 2 7K - L1S No. 5 Kosmos 289 Luna 15 Apollo 11 Kosmos 290 Molniya - 1 No. 18 OPS 1127 DS - P1 - Yu No. 23 OPS 3654 Intelsat III F - 5 OPS 8285 Kosmos 291 Zond 7 OSO - 6 PAC - 1 ATS - 5 Kosmos 292 Kosmos 293 Kosmos 294 Kosmos 295 OPS 7807 Pioneer E ERS - 32 Kosmos 296 Kosmos 297 Kosmos 298 Kosmos 299 Unnamed OPS 3531 OPS 4710 Kosmos 300 Kosmos 301 OPS 7613 NRL PL - 161 NRL PL - 162 NRL PL - 163 NRL PL - 164 NRL PL - 176 Timation 2 Tempsat 2 SOICAL Cone SOICAL Cylinder ESRO - 1B Meteor - 1 No. 15 Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8 Interkosmos 1 Kosmos 302 Kosmos 303 Kosmos 304 Kosmos 305 Kosmos 306 Kosmos 307 OPS 8455 Kosmos 308 Azur Kosmos 309 Apollo 12 Kosmos 310 Skynet 1A Kosmos 311 Kosmos 312 7K - L1e No. 1 Kosmos 313 OPS 6617 Kosmos 314 Kosmos 315 Kosmos 316 Kosmos 317 Interkosmos 2 Unnamed Payloads are separated by bullets ( ) , launches by pipes ( ) . Manned flights are indicated in bold text . Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics . Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how many times did apollo 11 orbit the moon before landing | ['Apollo 11\nBuzz Aldrin salutes the deployed United States flag during the EVA on the lunar surface.\nMission type\nManned lunar landingOperator\nNASACOSPAR ID\nCSM: 1969-059ALM: 1969-059CSATCAT no.\nCSM: 4039LM: 4041Mission duration\n8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds\n\nSpacecraft propertiesSpacecraft\nApollo CSM-107Apollo LM-5Manufacturer\nCSM: North American RockwellLM: GrummanLaunch mass\n100,756 pounds (45,702 kg)Landing mass\n10,873 pounds (4,932 kg)\n\nCrewCrew size\n3Members\nNeil A. ArmstrongMichael CollinsEdwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr.Callsign\nCSM: ColumbiaLM: EagleOn surface: Tranquility Base\n\nStart of missionLaunch date\nJuly 16, 1969, 13:32:00 (1969-07-16UTC13:32Z) UTCRocket\nSaturn V SA-506Launch site\nKennedy Space Center LC-39A\n\nEnd of missionRecovered by\nUSS HornetLanding date\nJuly 24, 1969, 16:50:35 (1969-07-24UTC16:50:36Z) UTC[1]Landing site\nNorth Pacific Ocean13°19′N 169°9′W\ufeff / \ufeff13.317°N 169.150°W\ufeff / 13.317; -169.150\ufeff (Apollo 11 splashdown)[1]\n\nOrbital parametersReference system\nSelenocentricPeriselene\n100.9 kilometers (54.5 nmi)[2]Aposelene\n122.4 kilometers (66.1 nmi)[2]Inclination\n1.25 degrees[2]Period\n2 hours[2]Epoch\nJuly 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC[2]\n\nLunar orbiterSpacecraft component\nCommand/Service ModuleOrbital insertion\nJuly 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC[3]Orbital departure\nJuly 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC[3]Orbits\n30Lunar landerSpacecraft component\nLunar ModuleLanding date\nJuly 20, 1969, 20:18:04 UTC[4]Return launch\nJuly 21, 1969, 17:54 UTCLanding site\nMare Tranquillitatis0°40′27″N 23°28′23″E\ufeff / \ufeff0.67408°N 23.47297°E\ufeff / 0.67408; 23.47297[5]Sample mass\n21.55 kilograms (47.51 lb)Surface EVAs\n1EVA duration\n2 hours, 31 minutes 40 seconds\n\nDocking with LMDocking date\nJuly 16, 1969, 16:56:03 UTC[3]Undocking date\nJuly 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC[3]Docking with LM ascent stageDocking date\nJuly 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC[3]Undocking date\nJuly 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC[3]\n\n\n\nLeft to right: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz AldrinApollo program← Apollo 10Apollo 12 →'] | ['30'] | Apollo 11
Buzz Aldrin salutes the deployed United States flag during the EVA on the lunar surface.
Mission type
Manned lunar landingOperator
NASACOSPAR ID
CSM: 1969-059ALM: 1969-059CSATCAT no.
CSM: 4039LM: 4041Mission duration
8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds
Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraft
Apollo CSM-107Apollo LM-5Manufacturer
CSM: North American RockwellLM: GrummanLaunch mass
100,756 pounds (45,702 kg)Landing mass
10,873 pounds (4,932 kg)
CrewCrew size
3Members
Neil A. ArmstrongMichael CollinsEdwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr.Callsign
CSM: ColumbiaLM: EagleOn surface: Tranquility Base
Start of missionLaunch date
July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 (1969-07-16UTC13:32Z) UTCRocket
Saturn V SA-506Launch site
Kennedy Space Center LC-39A
End of missionRecovered by
USS HornetLanding date
July 24, 1969, 16:50:35 (1969-07-24UTC16:50:36Z) UTC[1]Landing site
North Pacific Ocean13°19′N 169°9′W / 13.317°N 169.150°W / 13.317; -169.150 (Apollo 11 splashdown)[1]
Orbital parametersReference system
SelenocentricPeriselene
100.9 kilometers (54.5 nmi)[2]Aposelene
122.4 kilometers (66.1 nmi)[2]Inclination
1.25 degrees[2]Period
2 hours[2]Epoch
July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC[2]
Lunar orbiterSpacecraft component
Command/Service ModuleOrbital insertion
July 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC[3]Orbital departure
July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC[3]Orbits
30Lunar landerSpacecraft component
Lunar ModuleLanding date
July 20, 1969, 20:18:04 UTC[4]Return launch
July 21, 1969, 17:54 UTCLanding site
Mare Tranquillitatis0°40′27″N 23°28′23″E / 0.67408°N 23.47297°E / 0.67408; 23.47297[5]Sample mass
21.55 kilograms (47.51 lb)Surface EVAs
1EVA duration
2 hours, 31 minutes 40 seconds
Docking with LMDocking date
July 16, 1969, 16:56:03 UTC[3]Undocking date
July 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC[3]Docking with LM ascent stageDocking date
July 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC[3]Undocking date
July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC[3]
Left to right: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz AldrinApollo program← Apollo 10Apollo 12 → |
[question]: What was the name of the lunar module that landed on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission?
[answer]: The lunar module that landed on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission was named "Eagle". | What was the name of the lunar module that landed on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission? | The lunar module that landed on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission was named "Eagle". | 1 | 7.299756 | 16 | 246 | 1 |
2,267 | 1,795,031,103,252,758,800 | Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) | Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. TV series ) - Wikipedia Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. TV series ) Dancing with the Stars Genre Reality competition Based on Strictly Come Dancing Directed by Alex Rudzinzki ( 2005 -- 16 ) Phil Heyes ( 2016 -- ) Presented by Tom Bergeron Erin Andrews Brooke Burke - Charvet Samantha Harris Lisa Canning Judges Len Goodman Carrie Ann Inaba Bruno Tonioli Julianne Hough Narrated by Alan Dedicoat Country of origin United States No. of seasons 26 No. of episodes 426 Production Executive producer ( s ) Ashley Edens - Shaffer Joe Sungkur Rob Wade Production location ( s ) CBS Television City Los Angeles , California Running time 40 -- 86 minutes Production company ( s ) BBC Worldwide Productions Endemol Shine North America Release Original network ABC Picture format 720p ( HDTV ) Audio format 5.1 surround sound Original release June 1 , 2005 ( 2005 - 06 - 01 ) -- present External links Website Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1 , 2005 , on ABC . It is the US version of the UK series Strictly Come Dancing . The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron , alongside Erin Andrews , who became co-host in season eighteen . Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season , Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke - Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen . On July 24 , 2018 , it was announced that season 27 would premiere on September 24 , 2018 and its spinoff Dancing with the Stars : Juniors would premiere on October 7 , 2018 . The format of the show consists of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer . Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges ' points and audience votes . The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges ' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains . Contents 1 Cast 1.1 Hosts 1.2 Judging panel 1.3 Cast timeline 1.4 Couples 1.5 Dance troupe and musicians 2 Series overview 3 Scoring and voting procedure 4 General information 4.1 Payment 4.2 Withdrawals 4.3 Macy 's Stars of Dance : Design a Dance 5 Special episodes 5.1 100th episode 5.2 200th episode 5.3 300th episode 5.4 400th episode 5.5 10th Anniversary Special 5.6 Tributes 6 Records 6.1 Average 6.2 Perfect scores 6.3 Professionals with perfect scores 7 Merchandise , tours , and spin - offs 7.1 Cardio dance DVDs 7.2 Companion book 7.3 Spin - offs 7.4 Tours 8 Reception 8.1 U.S. Nielsen ratings 9 Awards and nominations 9.1 Emmy Awards 9.2 Others 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Cast ( edit ) Hosts ( edit ) Tom Bergeron has been the host since the program 's premiere in 2005 . In season 1 , his co-host was Lisa Canning . She was replaced by Samantha Harris for seasons 2 through 9 ( 2006 -- 09 ) , who was then replaced by Brooke Burke - Charvet from seasons 10 through 17 ( 2010 -- 13 ) . Erin Andrews took over as co-host starting in season 18 ( 2014 ) . Drew Lachey served as a temporary replacement for Harris during season 5 ( 2007 ) during her absence for 3 weeks due to maternity leave . Leah Remini filled in for Andrews in week 6 of season 19 , due to commitments with the 2014 World Series and filled in for her again in weeks 6 and 7 of season 21 for the 2015 World Series . Season 19 champion Alfonso Ribeiro filled in for Bergeron on week 4 of season 21 , due to Bergeron 's ailing father . Judging panel ( edit ) The regular judges are Len Goodman , who serves as head judge , Carrie Ann Inaba , and Bruno Tonioli . Goodman was absent for much of season 19 , all of season 21 , and much of season 23 . Julianne Hough , who was a professional dancing partner for seasons 4 -- 8 , was added as a full - time judge on the panel for 3 seasons , 19 -- 21 , after having been a guest judge in the previous 2 seasons . She did not return for season 22 . Hough did return as a full - time judge for seasons 23 and 24 but did not return for seasons 25 and 26 . Several former contestants appeared as judges in episode 200 ( in season 11 ) , including Hélio Castroneves , Mel B , Drew Lachey , Gilles Marini , Kelly Osbourne , and Emmitt Smith . Other celebrities , most often those who are associated with the world of dancing , former professional dancers , and past contestants have appeared as the 4th judge or in absence of 1 of the main judges , including Paula Abdul , Donnie Burns , Nick Carter , Cher , Maksim Chmerkovskiy , Michael Flatley , Kevin Hart , Jessie J , Rashad Jennings , Baz Luhrmann , Ricky Martin , Idina Menzel , Abby Lee Miller , Mandy Moore , Olivia Newton - John , Kenny Ortega , Donny Osmond , Pitbull , Redfoo , Alfonso Ribeiro , Robin Roberts , David Ross , Shania Twain , and Zendaya . Cast timeline ( edit ) Color key : Host Co-host Contestant Professional Judge Musical director Guest Judge Cast member Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Tom Bergeron Lisa Canning Samantha Harris Brooke Burke - Charvet Erin Andrews Carrie Ann Inaba Bruno Tonioli Len Goodman Julianne Hough Harold Wheeler Ray Chew Couples ( edit ) See also : List of Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. ) competitors A total of 296 celebrities have appeared in the 26 seasons of the series . For each season , the celebrities are paired with a professional partner who instructs them in the various dances each week and competes alongside them in the televised competition . A total of 44 professional partners have appeared alongside celebrities , some for only one season ( mostly in the earliest seasons ) . Key : Won the season Placed second in the season Placed third in the season Placed last in the season Withdrew in the season Currently participating show Professional dancer Season 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Alan Bersten N / A Debbie Gibson Mirai Nagasu Alec Mazo Kelly Monaco N / A Paulina Porizkova Josie Maran N / A Toni Braxton N / A Natalie Coughlin N / A Allison Holker N / A Jonathan Bennett Riker Lynch Andy Grammer N / A Kenny `` Babyface '' Edmonds N / A Andrea Hale N / A Kenny Mayne N / A Anna Demidova N / A Michael Irvin N / A Anna Trebunskaya N / A Jerry Rice N / A Albert Reed Steve Guttenberg N / A Chuck Liddell Evan Lysacek Kurt Warner Sugar Ray Leonard Carson Kressley Jack Wagner Drew Lachey N / A Gary Busey N / A Artem Chigvintsev N / A Lea Thompson Patti LaBelle N / A Mischa Barton Maureen McCormick Nancy Kerrigan Nikki Bella Jamie Anderson Ashly DelGrosso Joey McIntyre Master P Harry Hamlin N / A Buzz Aldrin N / A Brandon Armstrong N / A Brian Fortuna N / A Shandi Finnessey N / A Charlotte Jørgensen John O'Hurley N / A Chelsie Hightower N / A Ty Murray Louie Vito Jake Pavelka Michael Bolton Romeo Miller N / A Roshon Fegan Hélio Castroneves N / A Cheryl Burke N / A Drew Lachey Emmitt Smith Ian Ziering Wayne Newton Cristián de la Fuente Maurice Greene Gilles Marini Tom DeLay Chad Ochocinco Rick Fox Chris Jericho Rob Kardashian William Levy Emmitt Smith D.L. Hughley Jack Osbourne Drew Carey Antonio Sabàto , Jr . N / A Ryan Lochte N / A Terrell Owens N / A Corky Ballas N / A Cloris Leachman N / A Florence Henderson N / A Damian Whitewood N / A Pamela Anderson N / A Derek Hough N / A Jennie Garth Shannon Elizabeth Brooke Burke Lil ' Kim Joanna Krupa Nicole Scherzinger Jennifer Grey N / A Ricki Lake Maria Menounos Shawn Johnson Kellie Pickler Amber Riley Amy Purdy Bethany Mota Nastia Liukin Bindi Irwin N / A Marilu Henner N / A Dmitry Chaplin N / A Holly Madison Mýa N / A Petra Nemcova N / A Edyta Śliwińska Evander Holyfield George Hamilton Joey Lawrence John Ratzenburger Cameron Mathison Jason Taylor Jeffrey Ross Lawrence Taylor Ashley Hamilton Aiden Turner N / A Geraldo Rivera N / A Elena Grinenko N / A Tucker Carlson Clyde Drexler N / A Emma Slater N / A Bill Engvall Billy Dee Williams Michael Waltrip Redfoo Hayes Grier N / A Rick Perry Rashad Jennings Drew Scott Johnny Damon Fabian Sanchez N / A Marlee Matlin N / A Gleb Savchenko N / A Lisa Vanderpump N / A Jana Kramer Erika Jayne Sasha Pieterse Arike Ogunbowale Henry Byalikov N / A Diana Nyad N / A Inna Brayer N / A Ted McGinley N / A Jenna Johnson N / A Jake T. Austin N / A Adam Rippon Jesse DeSoto N / A Shanna Moakler N / A Jonathan Roberts Rachel Hunter Giselle Fernandez N / A Heather Mills Marie Osmond Monica Seles N / A Belinda Carlisle Macy Gray N / A Julianne Hough N / A Apolo Anton Ohno Hélio Castroneves Adam Carolla Cody Linley Chuck Wicks N / A Karina Smirnoff N / A Mario Lopez Billy Ray Cyrus Floyd Mayweather , Jr . Mario Rocco DiSpirito Steve Wozniak Aaron Carter N / A Michael `` The Situation '' Sorrentino Ralph Macchio J.R. Martinez Gavin DeGraw Apolo Anton Ohno Jacoby Jones Corbin Bleu Sean Avery Randy Couture N / A Victor Espinoza Doug Flutie N / A Keo Motsepe N / A Lolo Jones Charlotte McKinney Chaka Khan Jodie Sweetin N / A Charo Barbara Corcoran Jennie Finch Kym Johnson - Herjavec N / A Jerry Springer Joey Fatone Mark Cuban Penn Jillette Warren Sapp David Alan Grier Donny Osmond N / A David Hasselhoff Hines Ward David Arquette Jaleel White Joey Fatone Ingo Rademacher N / A Robert Herjavec N / A Mr. T N / A Lacey Schwimmer N / A Lance Bass Steve - O Mark Dacascos N / A Kyle Massey Mike Catherwood Chaz Bono N / A Lindsay Arnold N / A Victor Ortiz N / A Alek Skarlatos Wanya Morris Calvin Johnson , Jr . David Ross Jordan Fisher Kareem Abdul - Jabbar Louis van Amstel Trista Sutter Lisa Rinna Monique Coleman N / A Priscilla Presley N / A Kelly Osbourne Niecy Nash Margaret Cho Kendra Wilkinson N / A Sabrina Bryan N / A Paula Deen N / A Maksim Chmerkovskiy N / A Tia Carrere Willa Ford Laila Ali Melanie Brown N / A Misty May - Treanor Denise Richards Debi Mazar Erin Andrews Brandy Norwood Kirstie Alley Hope Solo Melissa Gilbert Kirstie Alley N / A Meryl Davis N / A Amber Rose Heather Morris Vanessa Lachey N / A Mark Ballas N / A Sabrina Bryan Kristi Yamaguchi Kim Kardashian Shawn Johnson Melissa Joan Hart Shannen Doherty Bristol Palin Chelsea Kane Kristin Cavallari Katherine Jenkins Bristol Palin Alexandra Raisman Christina Milian Candace Cameron Bure Sadie Robertson Willow Shields Alexa PenaVega Paige VanZant N / A Lindsey Stirling N / A Nick Kosovich N / A Tatum O'Neal Vivica A. Fox N / A Peta Murgatroyd N / A Metta World Peace Donald Driver Gilles Marini Sean Lowe Brant Daugherty James Maslow Tommy Chong Michael Sam N / A Nyle DiMarco N / A Nick Viall Nick Lachey N / A Sasha Farber N / A Nicole `` Snooki '' Polizzi N / A Kim Fields Terra Jolé Simone Biles N / A Tonya Harding Sharna Burgess N / A Andy Dick Keyshawn Johnson Charlie White Tavis Smiley Noah Galloway Nick Carter Antonio Brown James Hinchcliffe Bonner Bolton Derek Fisher Josh Norman Tony Dovolani N / A Stacy Keibler Sara Evans Leeza Gibbons Jane Seymour Marissa Jaret Winokur Susan Lucci Melissa Rycroft Kathy Ireland Kate Gosselin Audrina Patridge Wendy Williams Chynna Phillips Martina Navratilova Melissa Rycroft Wynonna Judd Leah Remini NeNe Leakes Betsey Johnson Suzanne Somers Kim Zolciak - Biermann Marla Maples N / A Tristan MacManus N / A Nancy Grace Gladys Knight Pamela Anderson Dorothy Hamill Valerie Harper N / A Tyne Stecklein N / A Bill Nye N / A Valentin Chmerkovskiy N / A Elisabetta Canalis Sherri Shepherd Kelly Monaco Zendaya Elizabeth Berkley Lauren Danica McKellar Janel Parrish Rumer Willis Tamar Braxton Ginger Zee Laurie Hernandez Normani Kordei Victoria Arlen N / A Witney Carson N / A Cody Simpson Alfonso Ribeiro Chris Soules Carlos PenaVega Von Miller Vanilla Ice Chris Kattan Frankie Muniz Chris Mazdzer Dance troupe and musicians ( edit ) In season 12 , the show introduced the troupe consisting of professional dancers who perform on the show but are not paired with celebrity partners . The first troupe in season 12 included Oksana Dmytrenko , Tristan MacManus , Peta Murgatroyd , Kiki Nyemchek , Nicole Volynets , and Ted Volynets . Members of the season 26 troupe are Artur Adamski , Brandon Armstrong , Hayley Erbert , Morgan Larson , and Britt Stewart . Other past troupe members include Lindsay Arnold , Alan Bersten , Sharna Burgess , Henry Byalikov , Witney Carson , Brittany Cherry , Dasha Chesnokova , Artem Chigvintsev , Sasha Farber , Shannon Holtzapffel , Dennis Jauch , Jenna Johnson , Kiril Kulish , Tristan MacManus , Keo Motsepe , Kiki Nyemchek , Sonny Fredie Pedersen , Gleb Savchenko , Emma Slater and Julz Tocker . Key : Active member of the troupe Professional partner show Troupe members Dancers Seasons 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Artur Adamski Brandon Armstrong Lindsay Arnold Alan Bersten Sharna Burgess Henry Byalikov Witney Carson Dasha Chesnokova Brittany Cherry Artem Chigvintsev Oksana Dmytrenko Hayley Erbert Sasha Farber Shannon Holtzapffel Dennis Jauch Jenna Johnson Kiril Kulish Morgan Larson Tristan MacManus Keo Motsepe Peta Murgatroyd Kiki Nyemchek Sonny Fredie Pedersen Gleb Savchenko Emma Slater Britt Stewart Julz Tocker Nicole Volynets Ted Volynets For 17 seasons , the Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided the live music for the show . On February 7 , 2014 , it was announced that the new bandleader is Ray Chew . Along with him is a new band of instrumentalists and singers . Series overview ( edit ) Season Number of Duration dates Partners in the finals Couples Weeks First place Second place Third place 6 6 June 1 -- July 6 , 2005 Kelly Monaco & Alec Mazo John O'Hurley & Charlotte Jørgensen Joey McIntyre & Ashly DelGrosso 10 8 January 5 -- February 24 , 2006 Drew Lachey & Cheryl Burke Jerry Rice & Anna Trebunskaya Stacy Keibler & Tony Dovolani 11 10 September 12 -- November 15 , 2006 Emmitt Smith & Cheryl Burke Mario Lopez & Karina Smirnoff Joey Lawrence & Edyta Śliwińska 11 10 March 19 -- May 22 , 2007 Apolo Anton Ohno & Julianne Hough Joey Fatone & Kym Johnson Laila Ali & Maksim Chmerkovskiy 5 12 10 September 24 -- November 27 , 2007 Hélio Castroneves & Julianne Hough Mel B & Maksim Chmerkovskiy Marie Osmond & Jonathan Roberts 6 12 10 March 17 -- May 20 , 2008 Kristi Yamaguchi & Mark Ballas Jason Taylor & Edyta Śliwińska Cristián de la Fuente & Cheryl Burke 7 13 10 September 22 -- November 25 , 2008 Brooke Burke & Derek Hough Warren Sapp & Kym Johnson Lance Bass & Lacey Schwimmer 8 13 11 March 9 -- May 19 , 2009 Shawn Johnson & Mark Ballas Gilles Marini & Cheryl Burke Melissa Rycroft & Tony Dovolani 9 16 10 September 21 -- November 24 , 2009 Donny Osmond ‡ & Kym Johnson Mýa & Dmitry Chaplin Kelly Osbourne & Louis Van Amstel 10 11 10 March 22 -- May 25 , 2010 Nicole Scherzinger & Derek Hough Evan Lysacek & Anna Trebunskaya Erin Andrews & Maksim Chmerkovskiy 11 12 10 September 20 -- November 23 , 2010 Jennifer Grey ‡ & Derek Hough Kyle Massey & Lacey Schwimmer Bristol Palin & Mark Ballas 12 11 10 March 21 -- May 24 , 2011 Hines Ward & Kym Johnson Kirstie Alley & Maksim Chmerkovskiy Chelsea Kane & Mark Ballas 13 12 10 September 19 -- November 22 , 2011 J.R. Martinez & Karina Smirnoff Rob Kardashian & Cheryl Burke Ricki Lake & Derek Hough 14 12 10 March 19 -- May 22 , 2012 Donald Driver & Peta Murgatroyd Katherine Jenkins & Mark Ballas William Levy & Cheryl Burke 15 13 10 September 24 -- November 27 , 2012 Melissa Rycroft & Tony Dovolani Shawn Johnson & Derek Hough Kelly Monaco & Valentin Chmerkovskiy 16 12 10 March 18 -- May 21 , 2013 Kellie Pickler & Derek Hough Zendaya & Valentin Chmerkovskiy Jacoby Jones & Karina Smirnoff 17 12 11 September 16 -- November 26 , 2013 Amber Riley & Derek Hough Corbin Bleu & Karina Smirnoff Jack Osbourne & Cheryl Burke 18 12 10 March 17 -- May 20 , 2014 Meryl Davis & Maksim Chmerkovskiy Amy Purdy & Derek Hough Candace Cameron Bure & Mark Ballas 19 13 11 September 15 -- November 25 , 2014 Alfonso Ribeiro & Witney Carson Sadie Robertson & Mark Ballas Janel Parrish & Valentin Chmerkovskiy 20 12 10 March 16 -- May 19 , 2015 Rumer Willis & Valentin Chmerkovskiy Riker Lynch & Allison Holker Noah Galloway & Sharna Burgess 21 13 11 September 14 -- November 24 , 2015 Bindi Irwin & Derek Hough Nick Carter & Sharna Burgess Alek Skarlatos & Lindsay Arnold 22 12 10 March 21 -- May 24 , 2016 Nyle DiMarco & Peta Murgatroyd Paige VanZant & Mark Ballas Ginger Zee & Valentin Chmerkovskiy 23 13 11 September 12 -- November 22 , 2016 Laurie Hernandez & Valentin Chmerkovskiy James Hinchcliffe & Sharna Burgess Calvin Johnson Jr . & Lindsay Arnold 24 12 10 March 20 -- May 23 , 2017 Rashad Jennings & Emma Slater David Ross & Lindsay Arnold Normani Kordei & Valentin Chmerkovskiy 25 13 10 September 18 -- November 21 , 2017 Jordan Fisher & Lindsay Arnold Lindsey Stirling & Mark Ballas Frankie Muniz & Witney Carson 26 10 April 30 -- May 21 , 2018 Adam Rippon & Jenna Johnson Josh Norman & Sharna Burgess Tonya Harding & Sasha Farber 27 September 24 Youngest male winner at age 23 ; youngest female winner at age 16 ‡ Oldest male winner at age 51 ; oldest female winner at age 50 Scoring and voting procedure ( edit ) In seasons 1 and 2 , only the overall ranking between competitors by the judges and the public was relevant . In season 3 and all subsequent seasons , the scoring system has made the exact scores relevant as well . The scoring begins with the judges ' marks . Each judge gives a numeric score from 1 to 10 , for a total score of 3 to 30 . The scoring was altered for the `` all - star '' season 15 , during which judges could give scores at 1 / 2 - point intervals from 0.5 to 10 , for a total score of 1.5 to 30 . When multiple performances are scored , only the cumulative total counts . The contestants ' judges ' shares are calculated as the % of the total number of points awarded to all contestants that evening . ( For example , if a team earned 20 pts on a night when the judges awarded 200 pts , their judges ' share would be 20 / 200 = 10 % . ) This % is then added to the % of North American votes received by each contestant . The bottom 2 couples are identified at the end of the show , and the couple with the lowest combined total gets eliminated . Season 8 added an occasional ' dance - off ' , in which contestants could re-do 1 of their dances , in an effort to improve their judges ' score . This was later discontinued . Public voting is conducted via a toll - free number , the ABC website , and , most recently , text messages and Facebook ; contestants can vote during and immediately after each performance show . The maximum number of votes per voter per medium is equal to the number of couples performing that night , or 5 votes , whichever is larger . In April 2010 , it was revealed that former contestant Kate Gosselin had e-mailed friends and family asking them to vote as many as 10x each . In Nov 2010 , the The Washington Post reported that online voting appeared not to require a valid email address , and accordingly that numerous votes apparently could be cast by 1 person . In several cases where ESPN coverage of Monday Night Football airs instead on an ABC affiliate in an NFL team 's home market , the program is delayed to air immediately after that station 's local news , and a voting window confined only to the area codes of the pre-empted market is opened up to allow affected viewers to still put their votes in for the competition , though this is on a market - by - market basis ( in some markets , an alternate sister station or digital subchannel carries the program live as scheduled ) . Seasons 1 and 3 featured only 2 celebrities in the final week instead of 3 . Starting with season 16 , 4 celebrities made it into the final week , although the top 3 finalists proceeded to dance 1 more time for the judges after the 4th place couple was announced . In season 20 , there were 3 celebrities in the final week , but in seasons 21 , 23 and 25 , there were 4 . In seasons 22 , 24 and 26 , there were only 3 celebrities in the final week . General information ( edit ) Payment ( edit ) On the April 18 , 2006 episode of the Howard Stern Radio Show , Stern 's wife Beth said that she was guaranteed to earn $125,000 for just appearing on DWTS ( in season 3 ) and could earn up to more than double the original sum , depending on how long she lasted on the program . In season 21 , Bindi Irwin had her payments withheld by a Los Angeles County Superior Court judge because she was a minor , which therefore required her parents to sign - off on the contract . But although her mother signed , the contract lacked her father 's signature , so the judge refused to validate the contract , despite Irwin 's father being the world - famous naturalist Steve Irwin , whose death in 2006 had been widely covered in the news / media . The judge later validated the contract once Steve Irwin 's death certificate was presented to the court , resulting in Bindi receiving a $350,000 paycheck from the show . Withdrawals ( edit ) The first person to withdraw from competition was Romeo in season 2 . His father , Master P , took his place in the competition before the beginning of broadcasts , being partnered with Ashly DelGrosso . However , Romeo later competed in season 12 and finished in 5th place . He was partnered with Chelsie Hightower . On week six in season three , Sara Evans cited her divorce as the reason for leaving the competition . No one was eliminated that week . Another withdrawal occurred during the run - up to season four on February 28 , when Vincent Pastore withdrew from the competition after only one week of training . Pastore said he did not realize how much work was needed during a ten - week period , and that he was not up to the physical demands of the show . He was replaced on March 2 by Pixar voice actor John Ratzenberger who was partnered with Edyta Sliwinska . In season seven , Misty May - Treanor withdrew from the competition in week three , after rupturing her Achilles tendon when rehearsing her jive with her partner , Maksim Chmerkovskiy . She did not perform the routine at all nor was she scored for it ; no one else was eliminated that week . In season eight , Jewel and Nancy O'Dell were injured before the season even began and could not compete . Jewel was diagnosed with fractured tibias in both legs ; she came back later in the season to perform `` Somewhere Over the Rainbow '' on a results show . O'Dell suffered from a torn knee cartilage . They were replaced by Holly Madison and Melissa Rycroft who would be dancing with their partners for the rest of the season ( Dmitry Chaplin and Tony Dovolani ) . Tom DeLay , in season nine , withdrew in week three of competition due to a full stress fracture that had developed in both feet from an earlier pre-stress fracture in one foot . DeLay was declared safe before he announced his withdrawal during the October 6 , 2009 results show . Debi Mazar was still eliminated that night despite DeLay 's departure . In season sixteen , Olympic figure skating champion Dorothy Hamill had to withdraw from the competition due to doctor 's orders for a spinal injury . A cyst had developed near her lower spine , and was pinching off the nerve in that area . Either boxing champion Victor Ortiz or reality TV star Lisa Vanderpump would 've been eliminated , but Hamill withdrew before the results could be announced , meaning that no one was eliminated that week . In season eighteen , week three , actor Billy Dee Williams withdrew , by advice from a doctor , due to a chronic back problem ( which resulted in no elimination that week ) . In season twenty - one , week three , reality TV star Kim Zolciak - Biermann was forced to withdraw from the competition after suffering a blood clot which resulted in a mini stroke ( which resulted in no elimination that week ) . Tamar Braxton also withdrew from the season due to blood clots in her lungs making it the first season to have two withdrawals in it . Macy 's Stars of dance : design a dance ( edit ) Beginning season 7 , viewers had the opportunity to vote for their favorite pros ( or in some cases former contestants ) to dance to a style of dance as well as a song to dance to . An online contest is also usually held so viewers can submit drawings of outfits for the performance . Special Episodes ( edit ) 100th episode ( edit ) The show celebrated its 100th episode on Tuesday , May 6 , 2008 , during week 8 of season 6 . More than 30 former cast members and pros returned , with interviews with Stacy Keibler , Lisa Rinna , Jerry Springer , Vivica A. Fox , Joey Fatone , Kenny Mayne , Sabrina Bryan , and former winners Kelly Monaco , Drew Lachey , and Apolo Anton Ohno . Other appearances , besides the season 6 cast , included Paula Abdul ( in a video introduction ) , Jane Seymour , Ian Ziering , Mark Cuban , Wayne Newton , Leeza Gibbons , Harry Hamlin , Shandi Finnessey , and Hélio Castroneves . New routines were performed by Apolo Anton Ohno and Julianne Hough , Mel B and Maksim Chmerkovskiy , and by Mario Lopez with the cast of A Chorus Line , in which he was starring on Broadway . The musical guest was country group Rascal Flatts . Judges ' top 10 dances The judges also presented a countdown of their choices for the top 10 perfect - scoring dances of the 1st 5 seasons . Their choices were : No . Celebrity Professional Season Week Dance Place Mario Lopez Karina Smirnoff 9 Tango 2nd Mel B Maksim Chmerkovskiy 5 7 Paso doble 2nd Stacy Keibler Tony Dovolani 8 Samba 3rd Drew Lachey Cheryl Burke 8 Freestyle 1st 5 Helio Castroneves Julianne Hough 5 8 Quickstep 1st 6 Joey Fatone Kym Johnson 7 Jive 2nd 7 Apolo Anton Ohno Julianne Hough 9 Quickstep 1st 8 Emmitt Smith Cheryl Burke 9 Cha - cha - cha 1st 9 Sabrina Bryan Mark Ballas 5 Paso doble 7th 10 Kelly Monaco Alec Mazo 6 Freestyle 1st 200th episode ( edit ) In season 11 , viewers were allowed 2 votes per day on the DWTS website to vote for their favorite out of 30 given choices . On Oct 25 , 2010 , a countdown of the Top 10 voted for dances on the show was reported to celebrate the following week when the 200th show would be . No . Celebrity Professional Season Week Dance Place Drew Lachey Cheryl Burke 8 Freestyle 1st Gilles Marini Cheryl Burke 8 Argentine tango 2nd Apolo Anton Ohno Julianne Hough 5 Samba 1st Nicole Scherzinger Derek Hough 10 8 1950 's Paso doble 1st 5 Mel B Maksim Chmerkovskiy 5 7 Paso doble 2nd 6 Joanna Krupa Derek Hough 9 8 Futuristic Paso doble 4th 7 Apolo Anton Ohno Julianne Hough 10 Freestyle 1st 8 Helio Castroneves Julianne Hough 5 8 Quickstep 1st 9 Donny Osmond Kym Johnson 9 5 Argentine tango 1st 10 Shawn Johnson Mark Ballas 8 11 Freestyle 1st On the actual 200th show , several dances were performed again on the show and 6 of the past fan favorites came back to judge ; Helio Castroneves , Emmitt Smith , Drew Lachey , Kelly Osbourne , Gilles Marini , Mel B , and more . The couples re-created their most memorable routines on the 200th episode ; Kristi Yamaguchi and Apolo Ohno served as team captains for the team dances . Yamaguchi 's team consisted of Rick & Cheryl , Kyle & Lacey and Bristol & Mark , while Brandy & Maksim , Jennifer & Derek and Kurt & Anna were on Ohno 's team . On the results show of November 2 , some awards were given out to past celebrity contestants and professionals . Category Winner Most Dramatic Moment Marie Osmond Worst Dancer Kenny Mayne Biggest Dancer Transformation Louis van Amstel 300th episode ( edit ) The 300th episode took place on the week 9 results show of season 16 . 22 past and present pros performed an opening number choreographed by Jason Gilkinson . Past pros who performed were Chelsie Hightower , Dmitry Chaplin , Louis Van Amstel , and Anna Trebunskaya . Kellie Pickler and Derek Hough danced their `` Argentine tango '' as the week 's encore . However , the top 10 dances were not revealed , nor were the achievements . 400th episode ( edit ) The 400th episode took place on the season premiere of the twenty - fourth season . Tom Bergeron did mention so ; however , no special dances took place . 10th anniversary special ( edit ) On April 28 , 2015 , during season 20 , a special pre-recorded episode aired as a 10th anniversary special with many former stars and professional dancers returning to the ballroom . Many past stars performed and reflected on their time on the show . Patti LaBelle , Amber Riley , and Lil ' Kim performed LaBelle 's `` Lady Marmalade '' . The show closed with the largest number of people dancing in the show 's history as stars , pros , hosts , and judges were all out on the dance floor . Tributes ( edit ) In seasons 9 and 10 , three tribute performances were done to honor the memory of artists and others . The first was a tribute to recently deceased actor Patrick Swayze , on Sep 23 , 2009 . `` She 's Like the Wind '' from the Dirty Dancing soundtrack ( originally written by Swayze for Dirty Dancing ) , `` Unchained Melody '' from his film Ghost , and `` ( I 've had ) the Time of my Life '' from Dirty Dancing were performed by select professional dancers of the show . On Oct 20 , 2009 , a tribute was done for singer and dancer , Michael Jackson . `` I Want You Back '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Thriller '' were performed -- the first two songs by select professional dancers of the show , and all coming together for `` Thriller '' . In season 10 , professional Haitian dancers performed as a tribute to victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on March 30 , 2010 . One of the male dancers , Emmanuel Pierre - Antoine , had lost his son in the rubble . They were dancing to `` Dance Like This '' by Wyclef Jean . In season 24 , to honor the passing of season 11 contestant Florence Henderson on November 24 , 2016 , a special tribute to Henderson was displayed on the dance floor . The season 24 premiere aired on March 20 , 2017 . Records ( edit ) Average ( edit ) This is a list of the celebrities with the highest averages . All averages above 27 out of a possible 30 are shown here . ( Averages out of 40 were rounded to be out of 30 ) Rank Season Place Celebrity Professional Average Score 18 Champion Meryl Davis Maksim Chmerkovskiy 28.40 6 Champion Kristi Yamaguchi Mark Ballas 28.33 8 Runner - up Gilles Marini Cheryl Burke 28.06 15 Champion Melissa Rycroft Tony Dovolani 28.00 20 Runner - up Riker Lynch Allison Holker 6 25 Champion Jordan Fisher Lindsay Arnold 27.94 7 15 Runner - up Shawn Johnson Derek Hough 27.93 8 21 Champion Bindi Irwin Derek Hough 27.88 9 14 Runner - up Katherine Jenkins Mark Ballas 27.87 18 Runner - up Amy Purdy Derek Hough 11 17 Champion Amber Riley Derek Hough 27.75 20 Champion Rumer Willis Valentin Chmerkovskiy 13 3rd Place Stacy Keibler Tony Dovolani 27.73 Champion Drew Lachey Cheryl Burke 15 23 Champion Laurie Hernandez Valentin Chmerkovskiy 27.70 19 Champion Alfonso Ribeiro Witney Carson 17 26 Champion Adam Rippon Jenna Johnson 27.67 18 Runner - up Mario Lopez Karina Smirnoff 27.60 5 Runner - up Mel B Maksim Chmerkovskiy 19 15 6th Place Gilles Marini Peta Murgatroyd 27.55 20 20 4th Place Nastia Liukin Derek Hough 27.54 21 Champion Apolo Anton Ohno Julianne Hough 27.53 10 Champion Nicole Scherzinger Derek Hough 23 Runner - up Joey Fatone Kym Johnson 27.47 14 3rd Place William Levy Cheryl Burke 23 Runner - up James Hinchcliffe Sharna Burgess 26 24 3rd Place Normani Kordei Valentin Chmerkovskiy 27.45 27 16 Champion Kellie Pickler Derek Hough 27.40 28 17 Runner - up Corbin Bleu Karina Smirnoff 27.38 19 3rd Place Janel Parrish Valentin Chmerkovskiy 30 16 Runner - up Zendaya Valentin Chmerkovskiy 27.33 31 9 Runner - up Mýa Dmitry Chaplin 27.29 32 15 5th Place Apolo Anton Ohno Karina Smirnoff 27.25 33 19 4th Place Bethany Mota Derek Hough 27.20 34 11 Champion Jennifer Grey Derek Hough 27.18 21 Runner - up Nick Carter Sharna Burgess 36 5 Champion Hélio Castroneves Julianne Hough 27.13 22 Runner - up Paige VanZant Mark Ballas 38 15 8th Place Sabrina Bryan Louis Van Amstel 27.07 26 Champion Adam Rippon Jenna Johnson 40 7 Champion Brooke Burke Derek Hough 27.06 14 Champion Donald Driver Peta Murgatroyd 42 25 Runner - up Lindsey Stirling Mark Ballas 27.05 43 3rd Place Laila Ali Maksim Chmerkovskiy 27.00 5 7th Place Sabrina Bryan Mark Ballas 18 5th Place Charlie White Sharna Burgess 24 Champion Rashad Jennings Emma Slater Perfect scores ( edit ) This is a list of celebrities who earned perfect scores ( team dances are not included ) . Number of Perfect Scores Season Place Celebrity Professional 9 25 Champion Jordan Fisher Lindsay Arnold 8 21 23 Champion Champion Bindi Irwin Laurie Hernandez Derek Hough Valentin Chmerkovskiy 6 11 18 20 Champion Champion Champion Jennifer Grey Meryl Davis Rumer Willis Derek Hough Maksim Chmerkovskiy Valentin Chmerkovskiy 5 5 8 15 16 19 19 20 21 24 25 Champion Runner - up Runner - up Runner - up Champion Runner - up Champion 3rd Place Runner - up Runner - up 3rd Place Runner - up Apolo Anton Ohno Joey Fatone Mel B Gilles Marini Melissa Rycroft Zendaya Alfonso Ribeiro Janel Parrish Riker Lynch Nick Carter Normani Kordei Lindsey Stirling Julianne Hough Kym Johnson Maksim Chmerkovskiy Cheryl Burke Tony Dovolani Valentin Chmerkovskiy Witney Carson Valentin Chmerkovskiy Allison Holker Sharna Burgess Valentin Chmerkovskiy Mark Ballas 5 6 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 22 23 23 23 3rd Place 3rd Place Champion Champion Runner - up Champion Champion Champion 3rd Place Runner - up Champion Champion Runner - up Runner - up 3rd Place 4th Place Stacy Keibler Laila Ali Hélio Castroneves Kristi Yamaguchi Mýa Nicole Scherzinger Hines Ward J.R. Martinez William Levy Shawn Johnson Kellie Pickler Amber Riley Paige VanZant James Hinchcliffe Calvin Johnson , Jr . Jana Kramer Tony Dovolani Maksim Chmerkovskiy Julianne Hough Mark Ballas Dmitry Chaplin Derek Hough Kym Johnson Karina Smirnoff Cheryl Burke Derek Hough Derek Hough Derek Hough Mark Ballas Sharna Burgess Lindsay Arnold Gleb Savchenko 7 8 12 14 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 Champion Champion Runner - up Champion Champion 3rd Place Runner - up Runner - up Runner - up Runner - up 4th Place 4th Place 6th Place Champion 3rd Place Drew Lachey Emmitt Smith Mario Lopez Brooke Burke Shawn Johnson Chelsea Kane Katherine Jenkins Corbin Bleu Amy Purdy Sadie Robertson Bethany Mota Nastia Liukin Alexa PenaVega Nyle DiMarco Ginger Zee Cheryl Burke Cheryl Burke Karina Smirnoff Derek Hough Mark Ballas Mark Ballas Mark Ballas Karina Smirnoff Derek Hough Mark Ballas Derek Hough Derek Hough Mark Ballas Peta Murgatroyd Valentin Chmerkovskiy 8 9 10 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 18 20 21 21 22 23 24 24 25 3rd Place Champion Runner - up Runner - up 3rd Place Champion 4th Place 5th Place 3rd Place 4th Place 6th Place 4th Place 5th Place 3rd Place 3rd Place 4th Place 4th Place 5th Place Champion 4th Place 3rd Place Melissa Rycroft Donny Osmond Evan Lysacek Rob Kardashian Ricki Lake Donald Driver Maria Menounos Apolo Anton Ohno Jacoby Jones Alexandra Raisman Elizabeth Berkley Lauren James Maslow Charlie White Noah Galloway Alek Skarlatos Carlos PenaVega Wanya Morris Terra Jolé Rashad Jennings Simone Biles Frankie Muniz Tony Dovolani Kym Johnson Anna Trebunskaya Cheryl Burke Derek Hough Peta Murgatroyd Derek Hough Karina Smirnoff Karina Smirnoff Mark Ballas Valentin Chmerkovskiy Peta Murgatroyd Sharna Burgess Sharna Burgess Lindsay Arnold Witney Carson Lindsay Arnold Sasha Farber Emma Slater Sasha Farber Witney Carson 5 5 6 11 12 15 15 17 21 21 22 24 24 26 26 26 Champion 3rd Place 4th Place 4th Place 7th Place Runner - up 4th Place Runner - up 4th Place 8th Place 3rd Place 5th Place 7th Place 6th Place 2nd Place 8th Place Champion Runner - up 3rd Place Kelly Monaco Joey Lawrence Ian Ziering Jennie Garth Sabrina Bryan Jason Taylor Brandy Kirstie Alley Emmitt Smith Sabrina Bryan Jack Osbourne Tamar Braxton Andy Grammer Jodie Sweetin David Ross Heather Morris Adam Rippon Josh Norman Tonya Harding Alec Mazo Edyta Śliwińska Cheryl Burke Derek Hough Mark Ballas Edyta Śliwińska Maksim Chmerkovskiy Maksim Chmerkovskiy Cheryl Burke Louis Van Amstel Cheryl Burke Valentin Chmerkovskiy Allison Holker Keo Motsepe Lindsay Arnold Maksim Chmerkovskiy Jenna Johnson Sharna Burgess Sasha Farber Shawn Johnson danced her Paso doble / Tango fusion dance with Mark Ballas instead of her partner Derek Hough due to him being injured . James Hinchcliffe danced his Viennese Waltz with Jenna Johnson instead of his partner Sharna Burgess due to her being injured . Nastia Liukin danced her Jive and Quickstep with Sasha Farber instead of her partner Derek Hough due to him being injured . For the switch - up week , Alexa PenaVega got a perfect score with Derek Hough instead of her original partner Mark Ballas . Professionals with perfect scores ( edit ) 46 : Derek Hough 35 : Valentin Chmerkovskiy 30 : Mark Ballas 20 : Cheryl Burke 18 : Maksim Chmerkovskiy , Lindsay Arnold 14 : Karina Smirnoff 13 : Sharna Burgess 11 : Kym Johnson , Tony Dovolani 9 : Julianne Hough , Witney Carson 7 : Peta Murgatroyd 6 : Allison Holker 5 : Sasha Farber 4 : Dmitry Chaplin , Gleb Savchenko 2 : Anna Trebunskaya , Edyta Sliwinska , Emma Slater 1 : Alec Mazo , Louis Van Amstel , Keo Motsepe , Jenna Johnson Merchandise , tours , and spin - offs ( edit ) Cardio dance dvds ( edit ) A DVD titled Dancing With The Stars : Cardio Dance was released on April 3 , 2007 featuring Kym Johnson , Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Ashly DelGrosso . The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from cha - cha , Paso doble , samba , and jive dance routines . A second DVD Dancing with the Stars : Latin Cardio Dance was released on September 13 , 2008 featuring Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Cheryl Burke . The program contains cardiovascular workouts adapted from cha - cha , Merengue , samba and mambo dance routines . Companion book ( edit ) A companion book written by Guy Phillips was released in the early fall of 2007 . Titled Dancing with the Stars : Jive , Samba and Tango Your Way Into The Best Shape Of Your Life , the book includes fitness routines modeled by Alec Mazo and Edyta Sliwinska , as well as original costume designs , lists of performed songs during a dance , and a complete list of song - and - dance routine performed since the first season of the show . Spin - offs ( edit ) The first Dancing spin - off , Dance War : Bruno vs. Carrie Ann , premiered on January 7 , 2008 on ABC . The show 's format was similar to the BBC Television series , DanceX . The show was canceled after 1 season . A figure skating spin - off similar to ITV 's Dancing on Ice called Skating with the Stars aired on ABC on November 22 , 2010 . The series was canceled after one season . On May 16 , 2017 , a Dancing with the Stars : Juniors spin - off was announced . The dance competition spin - off was originally set to premiere in the spring of 2018 on ABC , and the format of the show will feature celebrity children and the children of celebrities paired with professional junior ballroom dancers . In January 2018 , ABC stated that Dancing with the Stars : Juniors is still in the works , but did n't develop as quickly they hoped it would . Athletes Edition aired in its place , with Juniors slated to air that summer . In May 2018 , it was announced that the series would begin airing on October 7 , 2018 . Tours ( edit ) An unofficial live tour show called Dancing Pros : Live ! toured with several Dancing pros since 2010 . A Dancing with the Stars : Live ! official tour was announced on November 3 , 2014 for the 2014 - 2015 season starting on December 27 , 2014 in Niagara Falls , New York and ending February 15 , 2015 hitting 33 cities . A second tour , `` Dancing with the Stars Live ! : Dance All Night '' was announced . A third tour , Dancing with the Stars : Live ! - We Came to Dance , was announced on October 3 , 2016 for 43 cities from December 16 , 2016 to February 14 , 2017 . A fourth tour , Dancing with the Stars : Light Up the Night , was announced in October 2017 and began on December 30 , 2017 in Charlotte , North Carolina , performing 71 shows and ending in Los Angeles . Reception ( edit ) In 2016 , a The New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that `` unlike So You Think You Can Dance , which is generally more of a city show , Dancing with the Stars is most popular in the countryside . It also has a higher share of ' likes ' from viewers aged 65 and up than any other show . U.S. Nielsen ratings ( edit ) Season No. of episodes First aired Last aired TV season Timeslot ( ET ) Viewership ranking Viewers ( million ) Date Viewers ( million ) Date Viewers ( million ) 6 June 1 , 2005 13.50 Season Finale : July 6 , 2005 22.40 2004 -- 05 Wednesday 9 : 00 pm 6 16.80 15 January 5 , 2006 17.50 Final Performances : February 23 , 2006 17.70 2005 -- 06 Thursday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 7 18.64 Season Finale : February 26 , 2006 ( Sun ) 27.20 Friday 8 : 00 pm ( results ) 15 16.67 20 September 12 , 2006 20.20 Final Performances : November 14 , 2006 26.80 2006 -- 07 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 20.70 Season Finale : November 15 , 2006 27.50 Wednesday 8 : 00 pm ( results ) 7 19.40 20 March 19 , 2007 21.80 Final Performances : May 21 , 2007 20.20 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 5 20.00 Season Finale : May 22 , 2007 23.00 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 9 18.20 5 21 September 24 , 2007 21.20 Final Performances : November 26 , 2007 24.20 2007 -- 08 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 21.67 Season Finale : November 27 , 2007 24.90 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 5 19.56 6 21 March 17 , 2008 21.10 Final Performances : May 19 , 2008 19.20 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 19.58 Season Finale : May 20 , 2008 20.12 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 8 18.03 7 21 September 22 , 2008 21.30 Final Performances : November 24 , 2008 21.10 2008 -- 09 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 19.77 Season Finale : November 25 , 2008 20.58 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 7 16.31 8 21 March 9 , 2009 22.82 Final Performances : May 18 , 2009 19.20 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 19.77 Season Finale : May 19 , 2009 20.30 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 7 16.31 9 21 September 21 , 2009 17.79 Final Performances : November 23 , 2009 20.40 2009 -- 10 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 19.73 Season Finale : November 24 , 2009 19.29 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 10 15.30 10 19 March 22 , 2010 24.19 Final Performances : May 24 , 2010 19.36 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 19.73 Season Finale : May 25 , 2010 18.40 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( results ) 10 15.30 11 20 September 20 , 2010 21.30 Final Performances : November 22 , 2010 23.70 2010 -- 11 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 21.93 Season Finale : November 23 , 2010 24.13 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 6 18.61 12 19 March 21 , 2011 22.65 Final Performances : May 23 , 2011 22.90 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 21.93 Season Finale : May 24 , 2011 21.42 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 6 18.61 13 20 September 19 , 2011 19.03 Final Performances : November 21 , 2011 19.61 2011 -- 12 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 5 18.24 Season Finale : November 22 , 2011 19.45 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 6 16.08 14 19 March 19 , 2012 18.79 Final Performances : May 21 , 2012 16.84 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 5 18.24 Season Finale : May 22 , 2012 17.75 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 6 16.08 15 All - Stars 19 September 24 , 2012 14.11 Final Performances : November 26 , 2012 16.30 2012 -- 13 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 7 14.85 Season Finale : November 27 , 2012 16.73 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( results ) 11 13.78 16 20 March 18 , 2013 17.06 Final Performances : May 20 , 2013 14.97 Monday 8 : 00 pm ( performance ) 7 14.85 Season Finale : May 21 , 2013 15.20 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( results ) 11 13.78 17 12 September 16 , 2013 16.04 Final Performances : November 25 , 2013 14.61 2013 -- 14 Monday 8 : 00 pm 5 15.20 Season Finale : November 26 , 2013 ( Tues ) 14.75 18 12 March 17 , 2014 15.44 Final Performances : May 19 , 2014 15.66 Season Finale : May 20 , 2018 ( Tues ) 15.07 19 15 September 15 , 2014 13.64 Final Performances : November 24 , 2014 14.87 2014 -- 15 Monday 8 : 00 pm 9 14.73 Season Finale : November 25 , 2014 15.98 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( 4 episodes ) 38 10.82 20 14 March 16 , 2015 14.16 Final Performances : May 18 , 2015 14.35 Monday 8 : 00 pm 9 14.73 Season Finale : May 19 , 2015 13.49 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( 4 episodes ) 38 10.82 21 14 September 14 , 2015 13.13 Final Performances : November 23 , 2015 13.29 2015 -- 16 Monday 8 : 00 pm 8 13.44 Season Finale : November 24 , 2015 13.49 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( 3 episodes ) 22 11 March 21 , 2016 12.46 Final Performances : May 23 , 2016 12.34 Monday 8 : 00 pm Season Finale : May 24 , 2016 ( Tues ) 10.49 23 15 September 12 , 2016 12.19 Final Performances : November 21 , 2016 11.97 2016 -- 17 14 12.38 Season Finale : November 22 , 2016 10.97 Tuesday 8 : 00 pm ( 4 episodes ) 24 11 March 20 , 2017 12.09 Final Performances : May 22 , 2017 10.54 Monday 8 : 00 pm Season Finale : May 23 , 2017 ( Tues ) 8.91 25 12 September 18 , 2017 10.71 Final Performances : November 20 , 2017 10.08 2017 -- 18 22 10.60 Season Finale : November 21 , 2017 9.20 Tuesday 9 : 00 pm ( 2 episodes ) 26 Athletes April 30 , 2018 8.48 Season Finale : May 21 , 2018 8.77 Monday 8 : 00 pm Awards and nominations ( edit ) This section does not cite any sources . 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( October 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Emmy awards ( edit ) show Category Nominee ( s ) Result 58th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2006 ) Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Richard Hopkins , Conrad Green Nominated Outstanding Art Direction For A Variety , Music Program , or Special Patrick Doherty , James Yarnell Outstanding Choreography Cheryl Burke Tony Dovolani Cheryl Burke , Nick Kosovich 59th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2007 ) Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Nominated Outstanding Choreography Louis van Amstel 60th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2008 ) Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Nominated Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Outstanding Choreography Julianne Hough 61st Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2009 ) Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Nominated Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough , Julianne Hough 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2010 ) Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Nominated Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough Chelsie Hightower , Derek Hough 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2011 ) Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Nominated Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Outstanding Choreography Mark Ballas 64th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2012 ) Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Nominated Outstanding Choreography Travis Wall , Teddy Forance , Nick Lazzarini Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Won 65th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2013 ) Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Nominated Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough , Allison Holker Derek Hough Won 66th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2014 ) Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Nominated Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Conrad Green Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough 67th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2015 ) Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough , Julianne Hough , Tessandra Chavez Won Witney Carson Nominated Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Rob Wade 68th Primetime Emmy Awards ( 2016 ) Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality - Competition Program Tom Bergeron Nominated Outstanding Choreography Derek Hough Nominated Outstanding Reality - Competition Program Rob Wade Nominated The program has also been nominated for various other production - related awards since premiering in 2005 , including for hairstyling , makeup , lighting design , and technical direction . Others ( edit ) show Year Category Nominee ( s ) Result People 's Choice Awards 2007 Favorite Competition / Reality Show Dancing with the Stars Won 2008 Favorite Competition / Reality Show Dancing with the Stars 2009 Favorite Competition Show Dancing with the Stars Nominated Favorite Competition Show Dancing with the Stars 2011 Favorite TV Competition Show Dancing with the Stars 2012 Favorite TV Competition Show Dancing with the Stars 2013 Favorite Competition TV Show Dancing with the Stars 2014 Favorite Competition TV Show Dancing with the Stars 2015 Favorite Competition TV Show Dancing with the Stars 2016 Favorite Competition TV Show Dancing with the Stars Teen Choice Awards 2005 Choice Summer Series Dancing with the Stars Nominated 2006 TV -- Choice Reality Star ( Male ) Drew Lachey Won 2006 TV -- Choice Reality Star ( Female ) Stacy Keibler Nominated 2007 Choice TV : Male Reality / Variety Star Apolo Ohno 2007 Choice TV : Personality Bruno Tonioli 2007 Choice TV : Reality / Variety Show Dancing with the Stars 2008 Choice TV Female Reality / Variety Star Kristi Yamaguchi 2008 Choice TV Reality Dance Dancing with the Stars 2009 Choice TV Reality / Variety Star Shawn Johnson 2009 Choice TV : Reality Competition Dancing with the Stars Choice TV : Reality Competition Dancing with the Stars 2012 Choice TV : Female Personality Carrie Ann Inaba 2012 Choice TV : Male Reality Star William Levy 2013 Choice TV : Female Personality Carrie Ann Inaba 2013 Choice TV : Reality Competition Show Dancing with the Stars NAACP Image Awards 2007 Outstanding Reality Series Dancing with the Stars Nominated 2008 Outstanding Reality Series Dancing with the Stars 2009 Outstanding Reality Series Dancing with the Stars Outstanding Reality Series Dancing with the Stars Producers Guild of America Awards 2007 Non-Fiction Television Producer of the Year Conrad Green , Richard Hopkins , Izzie Pick Nominated 2008 Non-Fiction Television Producer of the Year Conrad Green , Richard Hopkins , Izzie Pick 2009 Non-Fiction Television Producer of the Year Conrad Green , Richard Hopkins , Izzie Pick 2012 Outstanding Producer of Competition Television 2013 Outstanding Producer of Competition Television 2014 Outstanding Producer of Competition Television Ashley Edens Shaffer , Conrad Green , Joe Sungkur Costume Designer Guild Awards 2007 Outstanding Costume Design for TV Series -- Contemporary Randall Christensen Nominated 2009 Outstanding Costume Design for TV Series -- Contemporary Randall Christensen Outstanding Costume Design for TV Series -- Contemporary Randall Christensen Eddie Awards ( American Cinema Editors ) 2007 Best Edited Reality Series Pamela Malouf , Hans van Riet , David Timoner Nominated Imagen Awards 2007 Outstanding reality Series Dancing with the Stars Won See also ( edit ) Strictly Come Dancing , the original British version of the program Dancing with the Stars , which contains a full list of international versions References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Dancing with the Stars Listings '' . People . Retrieved September 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Lisk , Jason . `` Erin Andrews is the New Co-Host of ABC 's Dancing with the Stars '' . The Big Lead . Retrieved 2015 - 02 - 16 . Jump up ^ Eames , Tom ( 2014 - 02 - 24 ) . `` Dancing with the Stars : Erin Andrews confirmed as co-host - Dancing with the Stars News - Reality TV '' . Digital Spy . Retrieved 2015 - 02 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Dancing with the Stars news at realitytvworld.com '' . Reality TV World . Retrieved October 12 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Dancing with the Stars news at realitytvworld.com '' . Reality TV World . Retrieved October 12 , 2011 . ^ Jump up to : Holloway , Daniel ( July 24 , 2018 ) . `` ABC Fall Premiere Dates : ' Roseanne ' Spinoff ' The Conners ' Sets Debut '' . Variety . Retrieved July 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bricker , Tierney ( October 17 , 2014 ) . `` Find Out Who 's Taking Over for Erin Andrews as Dancing With the Stars ' Co-Host ! '' . EOnline . Retrieved October 17 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bricker , Tierney ( October 16 , 2015 ) . `` Whoa , Find Out Who 's Taking Over for Erin Andrews as Dancing With the Stars ' Co-Host ! '' . EOnline . Retrieved October 16 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Alfonso Riberio Filling in for Tom Bergeron on DWTS '' . People . October 4 , 2015 . Retrieved October 5 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : Gomez , Patrick ( February 17 , 2016 ) . `` Dancing with the Stars Judges : Julianne Hough Out , Len Goodman Back '' . people.com . Retrieved April 19 , 2016 . Jump up ^ O'Connell , Michael ( August 21 , 2014 ) . `` Julianne Hough Returns to ' Dancing With the Stars ' as Fourth Judge '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved August 27 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Lee , Allyssa ( 29 March 2011 ) . `` WHAT YOU 'RE WATCHING '' . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Week 2 : New Dance Troupe '' . XFinity . Archived from the original on 12 September 2015 . Retrieved 26 July 2015 . Jump up ^ Oldenburg , Ann ( February 7 , 2014 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' hires new music director '' . USA Today . Jump up ^ `` Dancing With The Stars Voting Summary , abc.go.com '' . Jump up ^ `` Kate Gosselin -- Secret E-Mail Support for Dancing with the Stars ? '' . National Ledger. April 20 , 2010 . Retrieved April 21 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Lisa de Moraes ( November 16 , 2010 ) . `` ' Dancing with the Stars ' recap : Brandy sent packing , Bristol survives to finale '' . Washington Post . Jump up ^ `` TO DANCE OR NOT TO DANCE ? '' . HowardStern.com. April 18 , 2006 . Jump up ^ `` Beth 's Next Career Move. 04 / 18 / 06 . 6 : 35 am '' . MarksFriggin.com. April 18 , 2006 . Jump up ^ Rice , Lynette ( November 6 , 2015 ) . `` A judge needs proof Bindi Irwin 's dad died before she can get paid by DWTS '' . EW.com . Retrieved August 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Clark , Jessica ( December 9 , 2015 ) . `` Bindi Irwin Finally Gets Paid For DWTS '' . Yahoo New Zealand . Archived from the original on March 5 , 2016 . Retrieved August 15 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` ABC 's ' Dancing with the Stars 2 ' replaces Romeo with Master P '' . Realitytvworld.com . December 14 , 2005 . Retrieved March 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Romeo to avenge his dad Master P 's low ' DWTS ' scores '' . Today.msnbc.msn.com . October 3 , 2011 . Retrieved March 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ABC News : John Ratzenberger Joins Cast of ' Dancing With the Stars ' '' . Abcnews.go.com . March 2 , 2007 . Retrieved March 12 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Jewel and Nancy O'Dell Withdraw from Dancing '' . people.com . March 5 , 2009 . Retrieved October 31 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' : Billy Dee Williams Withdraws in Week 3 '' . ABC News . Jump up ^ Washington , Julie E. ( April 30 , 2008 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' steps its way toward its 100th episode '' . cleveland.com . Archived from the original on June 4 , 2008 . Retrieved July 21 , 2008 . Jump up ^ `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' eliminates another celeb Tuesday night '' . Dallas Morning News . May 7 , 2008 . Retrieved May 7 , 2008 . Jump up ^ TV News Desk ( 9 May 2013 ) . `` DANCING WITH THE STARS to Celebrate 300th Episode Next Week '' . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . Jump up ^ Wetpaint Visitor ( 2013 - 05 - 10 ) . `` Dancing With the Stars Semifinals : Avril Lavigne & The Wanted Perform , Pros Return For 300th Episode Dancing With The Stars '' . Wetpaint . Retrieved 2013 - 10 - 27 . Jump up ^ Kubicek , John ( March 20 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dancing with the Stars ' Season 24 Premiere Live Blog : The First Dances '' . BuddyTV . Retrieved March 20 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Dancing with the Stars : Latin Cardio Dance , Dancing with the Stars Archived 2008 - 08 - 29 at the Wayback Machine . ABC TV Store Jump up ^ `` Skating with the Stars at futoncritic.com '' . The Futon Critic . Retrieved October 6 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Wagmeister , Elizabeth ( May 16 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Bachelor ' and ' Dancing With the Stars ' Get Spinoffs at ABC '' . Variety . Jump up ^ Fox , Joanne ( January 14 , 2015 ) . `` REVIEW : ' Dancing Pros : Live ! ' brings true competition to Sioux City 's Orpheum stage '' . Sioux City Journal . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Miller , Bruce ( December 12 , 2014 ) . `` Chelsie Hightower reveals what really goes on at ' Dancing with the Stars ' '' . Sioux City Journal . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rancilio , Alicia ( November 4 , 2014 ) . `` ' Dancing with the Stars : Live ' books 2015 date at Hard Rock Rocksino Northfield Park '' . cleveland.com . Advance Ohio . AP . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Skillman , Cari ( October 3 , 2016 ) . `` New ' Dancing with the Stars : Live ! ' tour announced '' . ABC7 Los Angeles . Retrieved January 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Dancing with the Stars to Light Up the Night on 2018 winter tour '' . AXS.com . Jump up ^ Katz , Josh ( 2016 - 12 - 27 ) . `` ' Duck Dynasty ' vs. ' Modern Family ' : 50 Maps of the U.S. Cultural Divide '' . The New York Times . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode List : Dancing with the Stars '' . TV Tango . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Nielsen Ratings / Historic / Network Television by Season / 2000s '' . tviv.org . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Maynard , John ( July 13 , 2005 ) . `` ABC Cuts In : ' Dancing ' Racks Up No. 1 Summer Ratings '' . The Washington Post . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` 2005 -- 06 United States network television schedule '' . ^ Jump up to : Skerry , Kath ( May 29 , 2007 ) . `` 2006 - 07 Primetime Ratings '' . Give Me My Remote . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode List : Dancing with the Stars '' . TV Tango . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` ABC Primetime Performance - 2008 May Sweep / 2007 - 08 TV Season '' . The Futon Critic . May 20 , 2008 . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : Stelter , Brian ( May 22 , 2008 ) . `` The Top 20 Shows of the Season '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode List : Dancing with the Stars '' . TV Tango . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` CBS HAS 7 OF THE TOP 10 SCRIPTED PROGRAMS FOR THE THIRD STRAIGHT WEEK '' . CBS PressExpress . May 28 , 2008 . Retrieved November 13 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` American Idol , Dancing With The Stars Top Average Viewership For 2008 - 9 Season '' . TV by the Numbers . May 27 , 2009 . Retrieved May 25 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Seidman , Robert ( November 25 , 2008 ) . `` Tuesday Ratings : Brooke Burke Wins ' Dancing With the Stars ' '' . The Nielsen Company . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on July 3 , 2009 . Retrieved July 11 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Seidman , Robert ( March 17 , 2009 ) . `` Top ABC Primetime Shows , March 9 -- 15 , 2009 -- Ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 08 . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode List : Dancing with the Stars '' . TV Tango . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Monday broadcast final numbers -- Ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 08 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( May 27 , 2010 ) . `` Full Series Rankings For The 2009 - 10 Broadcast Season '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Seidman , Robert ( December 2 , 2009 ) . `` TV Ratings : Sunday Night Football Big Bang , Dancing With the Stars / NCIS top weekly broadcast charts '' . TVbytheNumbers.com . Archived from the original on December 5 , 2009 . Retrieved January 19 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Seidman , Robert ( March 23 , 2010 ) . `` Monday Finals : `` Dancing With the Stars '' Rises ; `` Castle '' Falls `` . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on March 27 , 2010 . Retrieved March 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Gorman , Bill ( May 26 , 2010 ) . `` TV Ratings : Idol , Glee Tops ; NCIS : LA , Good Wife Hit Lows '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on January 31 , 2012 . Retrieved May 27 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Episode List : Dancing with the Stars '' . TV Tango . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Monday Finals : Lie to Me Adjusted Down ; Hawaii Five - 0 Up ; No Change for ' Chuck ' '' . TV by the Numbers . tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 23 November 2010 . Retrieved 6 February 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( May 27 , 2011 ) . `` Full 2010 - 2011 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` TV Ratings Tuesday : ' Dancing with the Stars ' Finale Up 23 % ; Glee Down 20 % '' . TVbytheNumbers . Retrieved 2015 - 10 - 31 . Jump up ^ Seidman , Robert ( March 22 , 2011 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Castle , ' ' The Chicago Code ' Adjusted Down ; Dancing Stars , ' How I Met Your Mother ' Adjusted Up ; ' Chuck ' Stays Low '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Gorman , Bill ( May 25 , 2011 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' American Idol , ' ' Dancing with the Stars ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 27 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Monday Broadcast Final Ratings : ' Two and a Half Men , ' ' 2 Broke Girls , ' DWTS Adjusted Up ; ' Castle ' Adjusted Down - Ratings TVbytheNumbers '' . Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com . Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Monday Final Ratings : ' How I Met Your Mother , ' ' 2 Broke Girls ' Adjusted Up ; ' Dancing , ' ' Castle ' ' You Deserve It ' Adjusted Down '' . Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com . Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 25 . ^ Jump up to : Andreeva , Nellie ( May 24 , 2012 ) . `` Full 2011 - 2012 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` TV Ratings Tuesday : ' Dancing With The Stars ' Finale , ' NCIS , ' ' NCIS : LA , ' ' Unforgettable ' Hit Lows Amid Widespread Declines '' . Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com . Retrieved 2012 - 10 - 25 . ^ Jump up to : Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. season 14 ) # U.S. Nielsen ratings Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 25 , 2012 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' How I Met Your Mother ' , ' Mike and Molly ' , ' Voice ' , ' Bones ' Adjusted Up ; ' DWTS ' , ' Revolution ' , ' Castle ' ' Hawaii Five - 0 ' & ' LA Complex ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 28 , 2012 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars ' , ' Bones ' & ' 2 Broke Girls ' Adjusted Up ; ' How I Met Your Mother ' & ' The Mob Doctor ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 28 , 2012 . ^ Jump up to : Patten , Dominic . `` TV Debra Lee Stepping Down As BET Networks Chairman / CEO Tommy Wirkola Blumhouse Film Tommy Wirkola & Blumhouse In Business On ' Intruders ' Show Dogs Box Office ' Show Dogs ' Getting Re-Cut Amid Backlash Over Scenes Full 2012 - 2013 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 28 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' & ' Raising Hope ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 23 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( March 19 , 2013 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars , ' ' How I Met Your Mother ' , ' The Biggest Loser ' , ' Bones ' , ' Rules of Engagement ' , ' 2 Broke Girls ' , & ' The Following ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Carrie Diaries ' & ' Deception ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 19 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 21 , 2013 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' & ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Goodwin Games ' & ' Motive ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( May 22 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' So You Think You Can Dance ' , ' The Voice ' & ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved June 13 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara . `` Monday Final TV Ratings : ' Sleepy Hollow ' & ' Bones ' Adjusted Up , ' Dancing With the Stars ' , ' Million Second Quiz ' , ' American Ninja Warrior ' & ' Siberia ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 17 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 26 , 2013 ) . `` Monday Final TV Ratings : ' The Voice ' & ' Mom ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . ^ Jump up to : `` Full 2013 - 2014 TV Season Series Rankings '' . Deadline Hollywood . May 22 , 2014 . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 27 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final TV Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' The Voice ' , ' Supernatural ' & ' Person of Interest ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( March 18 , 2014 ) . `` Monday Final TV Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Dancing With the Stars ' & ' 2 Broke Girls ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Blacklist ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 18 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 20 , 2014 ) . `` Monday Final TV Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Dancing With The Stars ' & ' The Bachelorette ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Maya Rudolph Show ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 20 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 21 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars : Road to the Finals ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 21 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( September 16 , 2014 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' American Ninja Warrior ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 16 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 25 , 2014 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With The Stars ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Voice , , ' Castle ' , ' 2 Broke Girls ' , ' Scorpion ' & ' State of Affairs ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 25 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Full 2014 - 15 TV Season Series Rankings : Football & ' Empire ' Ruled '' . Deadline Hollywood . May 21 , 2018 . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 26 , 2014 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' & ' Dancing With The Stars ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 26 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( March 17 , 2015 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Dancing With The Stars ' , ' Mike & Molly ' & ' Jane The Virgin ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Night Shift ' & ' The Originals ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 19 , 2015 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Stalker ' , ' Mike & Molly ' & ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 19 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Flash ' , ' The Voice ' & ' Hell 's Kitchen ' Adjusted Up ; ' iZombie ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 19 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Dixon , Dani ( September 15 , 2015 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars ' Down , ' American Ninja Warrior ' & ' DanceBattle America ' Adjusted Up '' . TVbytheNumbers . Retrieved September 15 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 24 , 2015 ) . `` Monday final ratings : ' The Voice ' adjusts up , ' Castle ' adjusts down to season average '' . TV By The Numbers . Retrieved November 24 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : de Moraes , Lisa ( May 26 , 2016 ) . `` Full 2015 - 16 TV Season Series Rankings : ' Blindspot ' , ' Life In Pieces ' & ' Quantico ' Lead Newcomers '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 25 , 2015 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' NCIS ' adjusts up , everything else steady '' . TV By The Numbers . Retrieved November 25 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( March 22 , 2016 ) . `` Monday final ratings : ' The Voice ' adjusts up , ' Blindspot ' adjusts down '' . TVbytheNumbers . Retrieved March 22 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 24 , 2016 ) . `` Monday final ratings : ' The Bachelorette ' premiere , all others hold '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 24 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 25 , 2016 ) . `` Tuesday final ratings : ' The Voice , ' ' The Flash ' and ' The Real O'Neals ' finales adjust up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 25 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( September 13 , 2016 ) . `` Monday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars ' premiere matches Fall 2015 '' . TVbytheNumbers . Retrieved September 13 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 22 , 2016 ) . `` ' Supergirl , ' ' Jane the Virgin , ' ' Odd Couple , ' ' Conviction ' adjust down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 22 , 2016 . ^ Jump up to : `` Final 2016 - 17 TV Rankings : ' Sunday Night Football ' Winning Streak Continues '' . Deadline Hollywood . May 26 , 2017 . Retrieved May 26 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 23 , 2016 ) . `` ' American Housewife ' adjusts up , everything else holds : Tuesday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 23 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( March 21 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' adjusts up , ' Taken ' and ' Quantico ' adjust down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 23 , 2017 ) . `` ' The Voice ' adjusts up , ' Jane the Virgin ' adjusts down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 24 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars finale adjusts up , ' iZombie ' adjusts down : Tuesday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( September 19 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars ' / ' To Tell the Truth ' adjust down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 21 , 2017 ) . `` ' Good Doctor , ' ' Dancing with the Stars , ' ' Kevin Can Wait , ' ' Man with a Plan ' adjust down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : de Moraes , Lisa ; Hipes , Patrick ( May 22 , 2018 ) . `` 2017 - 18 TV Series Ratings Rankings : NFL Football , ' Big Bang ' Top Charts '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved May 24 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( November 22 , 2017 ) . `` ' Dancing With the Stars , ' ' This Is Us , ' all others hold : Tuesday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 1 , 2018 ) . `` ' The Voice ' adjusts up : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 1 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Porter , Rick ( May 22 , 2018 ) . `` ' Supergirl ' and ' iZombie ' adjust down : Monday final ratings '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 22 , 2018 . External links ( edit ) Official website Dancing with the Stars on IMDb Dancing with the Stars at TV.com Dancing with the Stars ratings at TV by the Numbers `` List of Dancing with the Stars Episodes '' . TVGuide . Retrieved July 9 , 2009 . Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. TV series ) Seasons 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 : All - Stars 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 : Athletes 27 Participants List of competitors Winners Celebrity Kelly Monaco Drew Lachey Emmitt Smith Apolo Anton Ohno Hélio Castroneves Kristi Yamaguchi Brooke Burke Shawn Johnson Donny Osmond Nicole Scherzinger Jennifer Grey Hines Ward J.R. Martinez Donald Driver Melissa Rycroft Kellie Pickler Amber Riley Meryl Davis Alfonso Ribeiro Rumer Willis Bindi Irwin Nyle DiMarco Laurie Hernandez Rashad Jennings Jordan Fisher Adam Rippon Professional Alec Mazo Cheryl Burke Julianne Hough Mark Ballas Derek Hough Kym Johnson Karina Smirnoff Peta Murgatroyd Tony Dovolani Maksim Chmerkovskiy Witney Carson Valentin Chmerkovskiy Emma Slater Lindsay Arnold Jenna Johnson Games Dancing with the Stars We Dance ! 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( since 2003 ) Nightline ( since 1980 ) News 20 / 20 ( since 1978 ) ABC World News Tonight ( since 1953 ) America This Morning ( since 1982 ) Good Morning America ( since 1975 ) Nightline ( since 1980 ) This Week ( since 1981 ) What Would You Do ? 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did dancing with the stars start this season | ['Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series Strictly Come Dancing. The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen.[2][3] Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine[4] and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen.[5] On July 24, 2018, it was announced that season 27 would premiere on September 24, 2018 and its spinoff Dancing with the Stars: Juniors would premiere on October 7, 2018.[6]\n'] | ['September 24, 2018'] | Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series Strictly Come Dancing. The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen.[2][3] Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine[4] and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen.[5] On July 24, 2018, it was announced that season 27 would premiere on September 24, 2018 and its spinoff Dancing with the Stars: Juniors would premiere on October 7, 2018.[6]
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[question]: What is the name of the UK series that Dancing with the Stars is based on?
[answer]: The UK series that Dancing with the Stars is based on is Strictly Come Dancing. | What is the name of the UK series that Dancing with the Stars is based on? | The UK series that Dancing with the Stars is based on is Strictly Come Dancing. | 1 | 7.297047 | 15 | 100 | 1 |
22,221 | 4,492,160,549,714,028,500 | Constituent Assembly of India | Constituent Assembly of India - Wikipedia Constituent Assembly of India This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Constituent Assembly of India Seal of the Constituent Assembly . Type Type Unicameral History Founded 6 December 1946 ( 1946 - 12 - 06 ) Disbanded 24 January 1950 ( 1950 - 01 - 24 ) Preceded by Imperial Legislative Council Succeeded by Parliament of India Leadership Temporary Chairman Sachchidananda Sinha , INC President Dr. Rajendra Prasad , INC Chairman of the drafting committee Dr. B.R. Ambedkar , SCF Vice Presidents Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V.T. Krishnamachari Structure Seats 389 ( Dec. 1946 - June 1947 ) 299 ( June 1947 - Jan. 1950 ) Political groups INC : 208 seats AIML : 73 seats Others : 15 seats Princely States : 93 seats Elections Voting system First past the post Meeting place House of Parliament , New Delhi The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India . Following India 's independence from Great Britain in 1947 , its members served as the nation 's first Parliament . An idea for a Constituent Assembly was proposed in 1934 by M.N. Roy , a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy . It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935 , C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise , and was accepted by the British in August 1940 . On 8 August 1940 , a statement was made by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow about the expansion of the Governor - General 's Executive Council and the establishment of a War Advisory Council . This offer , known as the August Offer , included giving full weight to minority opinions and allowing Indians to draft their own constitution . Under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 , elections were held for the first time for the Constituent Assembly . The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly , and it was implemented under the Cabinet Mission Plan on 16 May 1946 . The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the provincial assemblies by a single , transferable - vote system of proportional representation . The total membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389 : 292 were representatives of the states , 93 represented the princely states and four were from the chief commissioner provinces of Delhi , Ajmer - Merwara , Coorg ( Near Madikeri ) and British Baluchistan . The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946 . Congress won 208 seats , and the Muslim League 73 . After this election , the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress , and the political situation deteriorated . Hindu - Muslim riots began , and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India . On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten , the last British Governor - General of India , announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan ; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan . The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and , although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948 , this event led to independence on 15 August 1947 . The Constituent Assembly ( elected for an undivided India ) met for the first time on 9 December 1946 , reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament 's authority in India . As a result of the partition , under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947 . The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India . New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal ( which became part of Pakistan , although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh ) ; the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization , and it met on 31 December 1947 . Contents 1 Description 2 Background and election 3 Constitution and elections 4 Organization 4.1 Timeline 5 Committees of the Constituent Assembly 6 Prominent members 7 Members ( by province / state ) 7.1 Members who later withdrew after partition 8 Gallery 9 References 10 Further reading Description ( edit ) The Constituent Assembly , consisting of indirectly elected representatives , was established to draft a constitution for India ( including the now - separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh ) . It existed for approximately three years , the first parliament of India after independence in 1947 . The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage , and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities . The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation . Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one - party environment , the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions -- from conservative industrialists to radical Marxists , to Hindu revivalists . The Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946 , and its last session was held on 24 January 1950 . The hope of the Assembly was expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru : The first task of this Assembly is to free India through a new constitution , to feed the starving people , and to clothe the naked masses , and to give every Indian the fullest opportunity to develop himself according to his capacity . This is certainly a great task . Look at India today . We , are sitting here and there in despair in many places , and unrest in many cities . The atmosphere is surcharged with these quarrels and feuds which are called communal disturbances , and unfortunately we sometimes can not avoid them . But at present the greatest and most important question in India is how to solve the problem of the poor and the starving . Wherever we turn , we are confronted with this problem . If we can not solve this problem soon , all our paper constitutions will become useless and purposeless . Keeping this aspect in view , who could suggest to us to postpone and wait ? -- Jawaharlal Nehru , Constituent Assembly Debates ( Proceedings ) , Vol. II Background and election ( edit ) India was still under British rule when the Constituent Assembly was established following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom . Provincial assembly elections were held early in 1946 . Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by members of the newly elected provincial assemblies , and initially included representatives for those provinces that formed part of Pakistan ( some of which are now in Bangladesh ) . The Constituent Assembly had 299 representatives , including nine women . The Interim Government of India was formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly . The Congress Party held a large majority in the Assembly ( 69 percent of the seats ) , and the Muslim League held nearly all the seats reserved in the Assembly for Muslims . There were also members of smaller parties , such as the Scheduled Caste Federation , the Communist Party of India and the Unionist Party . In June 1947 delegations from Sindh , East Bengal , Baluchistan , West Punjab and the North West Frontier Province withdrew to form the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan , meeting in Karachi . On 15 August 1947 the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan became independent nations , and members of the Constituent Assembly who had not withdrawn to Karachi became India 's Parliament . Twenty - eight members of the Muslim League joined the Indian Assembly , and 93 members were later nominated from the princely states ; the Congress Party secured a majority of 82 percent . Constitution and elections ( edit ) See also : Constitution of India At 11 am on 9 December 1946 the Assembly began its first session , with 208 members attending . By early 1947 , representatives of the Muslim League and princely states joined , and the Assembly approved the draft constitution on 26 November 1949 . On 26 January 1950 the constitution took effect ( commemorated as Republic Day ) , and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India ( continuing until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952 ) . Organization ( edit ) Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman ( temporary ) of Constituent Assembly . Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee , a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University . Also chairing the assembly 's Minorities Committee , Mookerjee was appointed governor of West Bengal after India became a republic . Jurist B.N. Rau was appointed constitutional adviser to the assembly ; Rau prepared the original draft of the constitution , and was later appointed a judge in the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague . The assembly 's work had five stages : Committees presented reports on issues . B.N. Rau prepared an initial draft based on the reports and his research into the constitutions of other nations . The drafting committee , chaired by B.R. Ambedkar , presented a detailed draft constitution which was published for public discussion . The draft constitution was discussed , and amendments proposed and enacted . The constitution was adopted , with a committee of experts led by the Congress Party ( known as the Congress Assembly Party ) played a pivotal role . Timeline ( edit ) 9 December 1946 : The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the constitution hall ( now the Central Hall of Parliament House ) . Demanding a separate state , the Muslim League boycotted the meeting . Sachchidananda Sinha was elected temporary president of the assembly , in accordance with French practice . 11 December 1946 : Rajendra Prasad was elected as president and H.C. Mukherjee was elected as vice-president of the constituent assembly . B.N. Rau was appointed as its constitutional adviser . 13 December 1946 : An ' Objective Resolution ' was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the assembly , laying down the underlying principles of the constitution . It finally became the Preamble of the constitution . 22 January 1947 : Objective resolution unanimously adopted . 22 July 1947 : National flag adopted . 15 August 1947 : Indian independence achieved as the Dominion of India . 29 August 1947 : Drafting Committee appointed with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the Chairman . 16 July 1948 : Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V.T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly . 26 November 1949 : Constitution passed and accepted by the assembly . 24 January 1950 : `` Jana Gana Mana '' adopted as the national anthem , with the first two verses of `` Vande Mataram '' the national song . Rajendra Prasad elected the first president of India . The assembly was chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad when it met as a constituent body , and by G.V. Mavlankar when it met as a legislative body . It completed the task of drafting a constitution in two years , eleven months and eighteen days , at a total expenditure of ₹ 6.4 million . Committees of the Constituent Assembly ( edit ) The Constituent Assembly appointed a total of 22 committees to deal with different tasks of constitution - making . Out of these , eight were major committees and the others were minor committees . Major Committees Drafting Committee -- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Union Powers Committee -- Jawaharlal Nehru Union Constitution Committee -- Jawaharlal Nehru Provincial Constitution Committee -- Sardar Patel Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights , Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas -- Sardar Patel . This committee had the following subcommittees : Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee -- J.B. Kripalani Minorities Sub-Committee -- Harendra Coomar Mookerjee , North - East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee -- Gopinath Bardoloi Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas ( Other than those in Assam ) Sub-Committee -- AV Thakkar Rules of Procedure Committee -- Dr. Rajendra Prasad States Committee ( Committee for Negotiating with States ) -- Jawaharlal Nehru Steering Committee -- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Prominent members ( edit ) B.R. Ambedkar , Minister for Law ; Chairman of Drafting Committee . B.N. Rau , Constitutional Advisor Jawaharlal Nehru , first Prime Minister of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel , first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad , Minister for Education Rajendra Prasad , President of Constituent Assembly C. Rajagopalachari , Governor - General of India Sarat Chandra Bose , Barrister and Indian independence activist Krishna Sinha , first Chief Minister , Bihar Binodanand Jha , Minister , Bihar Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra Anugrah Narayan Sinha , Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister , Bihar Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Asaf Ali Syama Prasad Mookerjee , Industries Minister , President , Hindu Mahasabha Moturi Satyanarayana , Freedom Fighter Rajkumari Amrit Kaur , Health Minister Hansa Mehta , President , All India Women 's Conference N.G. Ranga Deep Narayan Singh , Minister , Bihar Gopinath Bordoloi , Prime Minister of Assam Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla , Assam P. Subbarayan Kailashnath Katju N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar T.T. Krishnamachari Rameshwar Prasad Sinha Durgabai Deshmukh K.M. Munshi Krishana Ballabh Sahay Frank Anthony , Anglo - Indian representative Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan John Mathai , first railway minister of India Pratap Singh Kairon L. Krishnaswamy Bharati - Madras Province Chidambaram Subramaniam Jaipal Singh Munda , Former Indian Hockey captain , and Tribal leader Members ( by province / state ) ( edit ) Madras : Annie Mascarene , O.V. Alagesan , Mrs. Ammu Swaminathan , M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar , Moturi Satyanarayana , Mrs. Dakshayani Velayudhan , Mrs. G. Durgabai , Kala Venkatarao , N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar , D. Govinda Das , Revd . Jerome D'Souza , P. Kakkan , T.M. Kaliyannan Gounder , K. Kamaraj , V.C. Kesava Rao , T.T. Krishnamachari , Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer L. Krishnaswami Bharathi , P. Kunhiraman , Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao , V.I. Munuswamy Pillai , M.A. Muthiah Chettiar , V. Nadimuthu Pillai , S. Nagappa , P.L. Narasimha Raju , B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , C. Perumalswamy Reddy , T. Prakasam , S.H. Prater , Raja Swetachalapati Ramakrishna Renga Roa of Bobbili , R.K. Shanmukham Chetty , T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar , Ramnath Goenka , O.P. Ramaswamy Reddiar , N.G. Ranga , Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy , Sheik Galib Sahib , K. Santhanam , B. Shiva Rao , Kallur Subba Rao , U. Srinivasa Mallya , P. Subbarayan , C. Subramaniam , V Subramaniam , M.C. Veerabahu Pillai , P.M. Velayudapani , A.K. Menon , T.J.M. Wilson , Mohamed Ismail Sahib , K.T.M. Ahmed Ibrahim , Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur , B. Pocker Sahib Bahadur , pattam Tanupillai Bombay : Balchandra Maheshwar Gupte , Hansa Mehta , Hari Vinayak Pataskar , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar , Joseph Alban D'Souza , Kanayalal Nanabhai Desai , Keshavrao Marutirao Jedhe , Khandubhai Kasanji Desai , Bal Gangadhar Kher , M.R. Masani , K.M. Munshi , Narahar Vishnu Gadgil , S. Nijalingappa , S.K. Patil , Ramchandra Manohar Nalavade , R.R. Diwakar , Shankarrao Deo , G.V. Mavalankar , Vallabhbhai Patel , Abdul Kadar Mohammad Shaikh , A.A. Khan West Bengal : Monomohan Das , Arun Chandra Guha , Lakshmi Kanta Maitra , Mihir Lal Chattopadhyay , Satis Chandra Samanta , Suresh Chandra Majumdar , Upendranath Barman , Prabhudayal Himatsingka , Basanta Kumar Das , Renuka Ray , H.C. Mukherjee , Surendra Mohan Ghose , Syama Prasad Mookerjee , Ari Bahadur Gurung , R.E. Platel , K.C. Neogy , Raghib Ahsan , Somnath Lahiri , Jasimuddin Ahmad , Naziruddin Ahmad , Abdul Hamid , Abdul Halim Ghuznavi United Provinces : Ajit Prasad Jain , Algu Rai Shastri , Balkrishna Sharma , Banshi Dhar Misra , Bhagwan Din , Damodar Swarup Seth , Dayal Das Bhagat , Dharam Prakash , A. Dharam Dass , R.V. Dhulekar , Feroz Gandhi , Gopal Narain , Krishna Chandra Sharma , Govind Ballabh Pant , Govind Malviya , Har Govind Pant , Harihar Nath Shastri , Hriday Nath Kunzru , Jaspat Roy Kapoor , Jagannath Baksh Singh , Jawaharlal Nehru , Jogendra Singh , Jugal Kishore , Jwala Prasad Srivastava , B.V. Keskar , Kamala Chaudhry , Kamalapati Tripathi , J.B. Kripalani , Mahavir Tyagi , Khurshed Lal , Masurya Din , Mohan Lal Saksena , Padampat Singhania , Phool Singh , Paragi Lal , Purnima Banerjee , Purushottam Das Tandon , Hira Vallabha Tripathi , Ram Chandra Gupta , Shibban Lal Saxena , Satish Chandra , John Matthai , Sucheta Kripalani , Sunder Lall , Venkatesh Narayan Tiwari , Mohanlal Gautam , Vishwambhar Dayal Tripathi , Vishnu Sharan Dublish , Begum Aizaz Rasul , Hyder Hussain , Hasrat Mohani , Abul Kalam Azad , Muhammad Ismail Khan , Rafi Ahmad Kidwai , Mohd . Hifzur Rahman , ZH Lari East Punjab : Bakshi Tek Chand , Jairamdas Daulatram , Thakurdas Bhargava , Bikramlal Sondhi , Yashwant Rai , Ranbir Singh Hooda , Lala Achint Ram , Nand Lal , Baldev Singh , Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir , Sardar Hukam Singh , Sardar Bhopinder Singh Mann , Sardar Rattan Singh Lohgarh Chaudhry Suraj Mal Bihar : Nasif Arafat , Amiyo Kumar Ghosh , Anugrah Narayan Sinha , Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala , Bhagwat Prasad , Boniface Lakra , Brajeshwar Prasad , Chandika Ram , K.T. Shah , Devendra Nath Samanta , Dip Narain Sinha , Guptanath Singh , Jadubans Sahay , Jagat Narain Lal , Jagjivan Ram , Jaipal Singh Munda , Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga , Kamaleshwari Prasad Yadav , Mahesh Prasad Sinha , Krishna Ballabh Sahay , Raghunandan Prasad , Rajendra Prasad , Rameshwar Prasad Sinha , Ramnarayan Singh , Sachchidananda Sinha , Sarangdhar Sinha , Satyanarayan Sinha , Binodanand Jha , P.K. Sen , Sri Krishna Sinha , Sri Narayan Mahtha , Syamanandan Mishra , Hussain Imam , Syed Jafar Imam , Latifur Rahman , Mohammad Tahir , Tajamul Hussain , Choudhry Abid Hussain . Hargovind Mishra Central Provinces and Berar : Ambica Charan Shukla , Raghu Vira , Rajkumari Amrit Kaur , B.A. Mandloi , Brijlal Nandlal Biyani , Thakur Cheedilal , Seth Govind Das , Hari Singh Gour , Hari Vishnu Kamath , Hemchandra Jagobaji Khandekar , Ghanshyam Singh Gupta , Lakshman Shrawan Bhatkar , Panjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh , Ravi Shankar Shukla , R.K. Sidhva , Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari , Frank Anthony , Kazi Syed Karimuddin , Ganpatrao Dani Assam : Nibaran Chandra Laskar , Dharanidhar Basu - Matari , Gopinath Bardoloi , J.J.M. Nichols - Roy , Kuladhar Chaliha , Rohini Kumar Chaudhury , Muhammad Saadulla , Abdur Rouf Orissa : Biswanath Das , Krishna Chandra Gajapati Narayana Dev , Harekrushna Mahatab , Laxminarayan Sahu Lokanath Mishra , Nandkishore Das , Rajkrishna Bose , Santanu Kumar Das , Yudhishir Mishra Delhi : Deshbhandhu Gupta Ajmer - Merwara : Mukut Bihari Lal Bhargava Coorg : C.M. Poonacha Mysore : K.C. Reddy , T. Siddalingaiya , H.R. Guruv Reddy , S.V. Krishnamurthy Rao , K. Hanumanthaiya , H. Siddaveerappa , T. Channiah Jammu and Kashmir : Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah , Motiram Baigra , Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg , Maulana Mohammad Sayeed Masoodi Travancore - Cochin : Pattom A. Thanu Pillai , R. Sankar , P.T. Chacko , Panampilly Govinda Menon , Annie Mascarene , P.S. Nataraja Pillai , K.A. Mohamed Madhya Bharat : Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate , Brijraj Narain , Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya , Ram Sahai , Kusum Kant Jain , Radhavallabh Vijayavargiya , Sitaram S. Jajoo Saurashtra : Balwant Rai Gopalji Mehta , Jaisukhlal Hathi , Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar , Chimanlal Chakubhai Shah , Samaldas Laxmidas Gandhi Rajasthan : V.T. Krishnamachari , Hiralal Shastri , Sardar Singhjhi of Khetri , Jaswant Singhji , Raj Bhadur , Manikya Lal Varma , Gokul Lal Asava , Ramchandra Upadhyaya , Balwant Sinha Mehta , Dalel Singh , Jainarain Vyas Patiala and East Punjab States Union : Ranjit Singh , Sochet Singh , Bhagwant Roy Bombay States : Vinayakrao Balshankar Vaidya , B.N. Munavalli , Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt , Jivraj Narayan Mehta , Gopaldas A. Desai , Paranlal Thakurlal Munshi , B.H. Khardekar , Ratnappa Bharamappa Kumbhar Orissa States : Lal Mohan Pati , N. Madhava Rau , Raj Kunwar , Sarangadhar Das , Yudhishthir Mishra Central Provinces States : R.L. Malaviya , Kishorimohan Tripathi , Ramprasad Potai United Provinces States : B.H. Zaidi , Krishna Singh Madras States : V. Ramaiah , Ramakrishna Ranga Rao Vindhya Pradesh : Avdesh Pratap Singh , Shambu Nath Shukla , Ram Sahai Tiwari , Mannulalji Dwidedi Cooch Behar : Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari Tripura and Manipur : Girja Shankar Guha Bhopal : Lal Singh Kutch : Bhawani Arjun Khimji Himachal Pradesh : Yashwant Singh Parmar Members who later withdrew after partition ( edit ) East Bengal : Abdullah al Mahmood , Maulana Mohd Abdullah el Baqui , Abdul Hamid , Abdul Kasem Khan , Mohammad Akram Khan , A. Hamid , Azizuddin Ahmad , Muhammad Habibullah Bahar , Prem Hari Barma , Raj Kumar Chakraverty , Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya , Abdul Matin Chaudhary , Murtaza Raza Choudhry , Hamidul Haq Chowdhury , Akhay Kumar Das , Dhirendra Nath Datta , Bhupendra Kumar Datta , Ebrahim Khan , Fazlul Huq , Fazlur Rahman , Ghayasuddin Pathan , Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah , Liaquat Ali Khan , Mafizuddin Ahmad , Mahmud Hussain , Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar , A.M. Malik , Birat Chandra Mandal , Jogendra Nath Mandal , Mohammed Ali , Khwaja Nazimuddin , M.A.B.L. Nur Ahmed , Nurul Amin , Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi , Sri Dhananjoy M.A.B.L. Roy , Maudi Bhakesh Chanda , B.L. Serajul Islam , Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Osmani , Shahabudin Khwaja , H.S. Suhrawardy , Harendra Kumar Sur , Tamizuddin Khan , Kawivi Kerwar Datta , Ghulam Mohammed West Punjab : Mian Mumtaz Mohammad Khan Daultana , Ganga Saran , Zafarullah Khan , Iftikhar Hussain Khan , Mian Muhammad Iftikharuddin , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Sheikh Karamat Ali , Nazir Ahmad Khan , Sardar Abdur Rab Nistar , Feroz Khan Noon , Omar Hayat Malik , Shah Nawaz Begum Jahan Ara , Sardar Shaukat Hyat Khan , Northwest Frontier Province : Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan , Khan Sardar Bahadur Khan , Sardar Asad Ullah Jan Khan Sindh : Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman , Alhajj Muhammad Hashim Gazder , M.A. Khuhro Balochistan : S.B. Nawab Mohammad Khan Jogezai Gallery ( edit ) Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947 . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Chairman , Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution with other members on Aug. 29 , 1947 . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar , chairman of the Drafting Committee , presenting the final draft of the Indian Constitution to Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 25 November , 1949 . B.R. Ambedkar in Constituent Assembly of India . Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the constituent assembly in 1946 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ M. Lakshmikanth , Indian Polity for Civil Services Examinations , 3rd ed. , ( New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited , 2011 ) , p. 2.3 Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 12 . Jump up ^ Baruah , L.M. ( 1992 ) . Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi , an Architect of Modern India . Gyan Publishing House . ISBN 81 - 212 - 0404 - 6 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 17 . Further reading ( edit ) Austin , Granville . The Indian Constitution , Cornerstone of a Nation . New Delhi : OUP India , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 564959 - 1 . Bipan Chandra , Mridula Mukherjee and Aditya Mukherjee . India Since Independence : Revised Edition . New Delhi : Penguin Books India , 2008 . An Indian 10 - episode TV series made by Rajya sabha TV called `` SAMVIDHAN '' described in detail how the Indian Constitution was made . Indian Independence Movement History Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo - Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo - Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more Philosophies and ideologies Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj Events and movements Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ) Partition of Bengal ( 1947 ) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu -- German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-Cooperation Movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie - Begar Movement Chauri Chaura incident , 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indian Legion Cripps Mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Praja Mandala movement Organisations All India Kisan Sabha All - India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more Social reformers A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B.R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J.B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddi Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda Independence activists Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A.K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Shri Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M.N. Roy Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit Muhammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Sahib P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja - ud - Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud - Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi VO Chidamabaram V.K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more British leaders Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings Independence Cabinet Mission Annexation of French colonies in India Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference Legislatures of India British Raj Council of India Imperial Legislative Council Council of State Central Legislative Assembly Chamber of Princes Constituent Assembly of India Sansad Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Vidhan Sabha Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Vidhan Parishad Andhra Pradesh Bihar Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Maharashtra Telangana Uttar Pradesh Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constituent_Assembly_of_India&oldid=853023359 '' Categories : Constitutional history of India Central Legislative Assembly of India Political history of India Constituent Assembly of India Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from March 2012 All articles needing additional references Use Indian English from October 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from September 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ தமிழ் తెలుగు Edit links This page was last edited on 1 August 2018 , at 22 : 36 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did the constituent assembly become a sovereign body | ["The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. Congress won 208 seats, and the Muslim League 73. After this election, the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress,[citation needed] and the political situation deteriorated. Hindu-Muslim riots began, and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India. On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and, although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948, this event led to independence on 15 August 1947. The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament's authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947. The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal (which became part of Pakistan, although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh); the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947.\n"] | ['14 August 1947'] | The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. Congress won 208 seats, and the Muslim League 73. After this election, the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress,[citation needed] and the political situation deteriorated. Hindu-Muslim riots began, and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India. On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and, although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948, this event led to independence on 15 August 1947. The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament's authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947. The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal (which became part of Pakistan, although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh); the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947.
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[question]: When did India gain independence from British rule?
[answer]: India gained independence from British rule on 15 August 1947. | When did India gain independence from British rule? | India gained independence from British rule on 15 August 1947. | 1 | 7.296054 | 10 | 247 | 1 |
26,706 | -2,055,259,900,841,395,700 | Constituent Assembly of India | Constituent Assembly of India - Wikipedia Constituent Assembly of India This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Constituent Assembly of India Seal of the Constituent Assembly . Type Type Unicameral History Founded 9 December 1946 ( 1946 - 12 - 09 ) Disbanded 24 January 1950 ( 1950 - 01 - 24 ) Preceded by Imperial Legislative Council Succeeded by Parliament of India Leadership Temporary Chairman Sachchidananda Sinha , INC President Dr. Rajendra Prasad , INC Chairman of the drafting committee Dr. B.R. Ambedkar , SCF Vice Presidents Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V.T. Krishnamachari Structure Seats 389 ( Dec. 1946 - June 1947 ) 299 ( June 1947 - Jan. 1950 ) Political groups INC : 208 seats AIML : 73 seats Others : 15 seats Princely States : 93 seats Elections Voting system First past the post Meeting place House of Parliament , New Delhi An idea for a Constituent Assembly of India was proposed in 1934 by M.N. Roy , a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy . It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935 , C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise , and was accepted by the British in August 1940 . On 8 August 1940 , a statement was made by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow about the expansion of the Governor - General 's Executive Council and the establishment of a War Advisory Council . This offer , known as the August Offer , included giving full weight to minority opinions and allowing Indians to draft their own constitution . Under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 , elections were held for the first time for the Constituent Assembly . The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly , and it was implemented under the Cabinet Mission Plan on 16 May 1946 . The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the provincial assemblies by a single , transferable - vote system of proportional representation . The total membership of the Constituent Assembly was 389 : 292 were representatives of the states , 93 represented the princely states and four were from the chief commissioner provinces of Delhi , Ajmer - Merwara , Coorg ( Near Madikeri ) and British Baluchistan . The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946 . Congress won 208 seats , and the Muslim League 73 . After this election , the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress , and the political situation deteriorated . Hindu - Muslim riots began , and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India . On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten , the last British Governor - General of India , announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan ; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan . The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and , although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948 , this event led to independence on 15 August 1947 . The Constituent Assembly ( elected for an undivided India ) met for the first time on 9 December 1946 , reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament 's authority in India . As a result of the partition , under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947 . The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India . New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal ( which became part of Pakistan , although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh ) ; the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization , and it met on 31 December 1947 . Contents ( hide ) 1 Description 2 Background and election 3 Constitution and elections 4 Organization 4.1 Timeline 5 Committees of the Constituent Assembly 6 Prominent members 7 Members ( by province / state ) 7.1 Members who later withdrew after partition 8 Gallery 9 References 10 Further reading Description ( edit ) The Constituent Assembly , consisting of indirectly elected representatives , was established to draft a constitution for India ( including the now - separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh ) . It existed for almost three years , the first parliament of India after independence in 1947 . The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage , and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities . The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation . Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one - party environment , the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions -- from conservative industrialists and radical Marxists to Hindu revivalists -- all of whom participated in the process . The Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946 , and its last session was held on 24 January 1950 . During this period ( two years , eleven months and eighteen days ) the Assembly held eleven sessions , sitting for a total of 166 days . The hope of the Assembly was expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru : The first task of this Assembly is to free India through a new constitution , to feed the starving people , and to clothe the naked masses , and to give every Indian the fullest opportunity to develop himself according to his capacity . This is certainly a great task . Look at India today . We , are sitting here and there in despair in many places , and unrest in many cities . The atmosphere is surcharged with these quarrels and feuds which are called communal disturbances , and unfortunately we sometimes can not avoid them . But at present the greatest and most important question in India is how to solve the problem of the poor and the starving . Wherever we turn , we are confronted with this problem . If we can not solve this problem soon , all our paper constitutions will become useless and purposeless . Keeping this aspect in view , who could suggest to us to postpone and wait ? -- Jawaharlal Nehru , Constituent Assembly Debates ( Proceedings ) , Vol. II Background and election ( edit ) The Constituent Assembly was established while India was still under British rule , following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom . Provincial assembly elections were held early in 1946 . Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by members of the newly elected provincial assemblies , and initially included representatives for those provinces which formed part of Pakistan ( some of which are now in Bangladesh ) . The Constituent Assembly had 299 representatives , including nine women . The Interim Government of India was formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly . The Congress held a large majority in the Assembly ( 69 percent of the seats ) , and the Muslim League held nearly all the seats reserved in the Assembly for Muslims . There were also members of smaller parties , such as the Scheduled Caste Federation , the Communist Party of India and the Unionist Party . In June 1947 delegations from Sindh , East Bengal , Baluchistan , West Punjab and the North West Frontier Province withdrew to form the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan , meeting in Karachi . On 15 August 1947 the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan became independent nations , and members of the Constituent Assembly who had not withdrawn to Karachi became India 's Parliament . Twenty - eight members of the Muslim League joined the Indian Assembly , and 93 members were later nominated from the princely states ; the Congress Party secured a majority of 82 percent . Constitution and elections ( edit ) See also : Constitution of India At 11 am on 9 December 1946 the Assembly began its first session , with 208 members attending . By early 1947 , representatives of the Muslim League and princely states joined , and the Assembly approved the draft constitution on 26 November 1949 . On 26 January 1950 the constitution took effect ( commemorated as Republic Day ) , and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India ( continuing until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952 ) . Organization ( edit ) Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman ( temporary ) of Constituent Assembly . Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee , a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University . Also chairing the assembly 's Minorities Committee , Mookerjee was appointed governor of West Bengal after India became a republic . Jurist B.N. Rau was appointed constitutional adviser to the assembly ; Rau prepared the original draft of the constitution , and was later appointed a judge in the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague . The assembly 's work had five stages : Committees presented reports on issues . B.N. Rau prepared an initial draft based on the reports and his research into the constitutions of other nations . The drafting committee , chaired by B.R. Ambedkar , presented a detailed draft constitution which was published for public discussion . The draft constitution was discussed , and amendments proposed and enacted . The constitution was adopted , with a committee of experts led by the Congress Party ( known as the Congress Assembly Party ) played a pivotal role . Timeline ( edit ) 9 December 1946 : The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the constitution hall ( now the Central Hall of Parliament House ) . Demanding a separate state , the Muslim League boycotted the meeting . Sachchidananda Sinha was elected temporary president of the assembly , in accordance with French practice . 11 December 1946 : Rajendra Prasad was elected as president and H.C. Mukherjee was elected as vice-president of the constituent assembly . B.N. Rau was appointed as its constitutional adviser . 13 December 1946 : An ' Objective Resolution ' was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the assembly , laying down the underlying principles of the constitution . It finally became the Preamble of the constitution . 22 January 1947 : Objective resolution unanimously adopted . 22 July 1947 : National flag adopted . 15 August 1947 : Indian independence achieved as the Dominion of India . 29 August 1947 : Drafting Committee appointed with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the Chairman . 16 July 1948 : Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V.T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly . 26 November 1949 : Constitution passed and accepted by the assembly . 24 January 1950 : `` Jana Gana Mana '' adopted as the national anthem , with the first two verses of `` Vande Mataram '' the national song . Rajendra Prasad elected the first president of India . The assembly was chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad when it met as a constituent body , and by G.V. Mavlankar when it met as a legislative body . It completed the task of drafting a constitution in two years , eleven months and eighteen days , at a total expenditure of ₹ 6.4 million . Committees of the Constituent Assembly ( edit ) The Constituent Assembly appointed a total of 22 committees to deal with different tasks of constitution - making . Out of these , eight were major committees and the others were minor committees . Major Committees Drafting Committee -- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Union Powers Committee -- Jawaharlal Nehru Union Constitution Committee -- Jawaharlal Nehru Provincial Constitution Committee -- Sardar Patel Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights , Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas -- Sardar Patel . This committee had the following subcommittees : Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee -- J.B. Kripalani Minorities Sub-Committee -- Harendra Coomar Mookerjee , North - East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee -- Gopinath Bardoloi Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas ( Other than those in Assam ) Sub-Committee -- AV Thakkar Rules of Procedure Committee -- Dr. Rajendra Prasad States Committee ( Committee for Negotiating with States ) -- Jawaharlal Nehru Steering Committee -- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Prominent members ( edit ) B.R. Ambedkar , Minister for Law ; Chairman of Drafting Committee B.N. Rau , Constitutional Advisor Jawaharlal Nehru , first Prime Minister of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel , first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad , Minister for Education Rajendra Prasad , President of Constituent Assembly C. Rajagopalachari , Governor - General of India Sarat Chandra Bose , Barrister and Indian independence activist Krishna Sinha , first Chief Minister , Bihar Binodanand Jha , Minister , Bihar Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra Anugrah Narayan Sinha , Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister , Bihar Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Asaf Ali Syama Prasad Mookerjee , Industries Minister , President , Hindu Mahasabha Moturi Satyanarayana , Freedom Fighter Rajkumari Amrit Kaur , Health Minister Hansa Mehta , President , All India Women 's Conference N.G. Ranga Deep Narayan Singh , Minister , Bihar Gopinath Bordoloi , Prime Minister of Assam Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla , Assam P. Subbarayan Kailashnath Katju N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar T.T. Krishnamachari Rameshwar Prasad Sinha Durgabai Deshmukh K.M. Munshi Krishana Ballabh Sahay Frank Anthony , Anglo - Indian representative Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan John Mathai , first railway minister of India Pratap Singh Kairon L. Krishnaswamy Bharati - Madras Province Chidambaram Subramaniam Jaipal Singh Munda , Former Indian Hockey captain , and Tribal leader Members ( by province / state ) ( edit ) Madras : Annie Mascarene , O.V. Alagesan , Mrs. Ammu Swaminathan , M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar , Moturi Satyanarayana , Mrs. Dakshayani Velayudhan , Mrs. G. Durgabai , Kala Venkatarao , N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar , D. Govinda Das , Revd . Jerome D'Souza , P. Kakkan , T.M. Kaliyannan Gounder , K. Kamaraj , V.C. Kesava Rao , T.T. Krishnamachari , Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer L. Krishnaswami Bharathi , P. Kunhiraman , Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao , V.I. Munuswamy Pillai , M.A. Muthiah Chettiar , V. Nadimuthu Pillai , S. Nagappa , P.L. Narasimha Raju , B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya , C. Perumalswamy Reddy , T. Prakasam , S.H. Prater , Raja Swetachalapati Ramakrishna Renga Roa of Bobbili , R.K. Shanmukham Chetty , T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar , Ramnath Goenka , O.P. Ramaswamy Reddiar , N.G. Ranga , Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy , Sheik Galib Sahib , K. Santhanam , B. Shiva Rao , Kallur Subba Rao , U. Srinivasa Mallya , P. Subbarayan , C. Subramaniam , V Subramaniam , M.C. Veerabahu Pillai , P.M. Velayudapani , A.K. Menon , T.J.M. Wilson , Mohamed Ismail Sahib , K.T.M. Ahmed Ibrahim , Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur , B. Pocker Sahib Bahadur , pattam Tanupillai Bombay : Balchandra Maheshwar Gupte , Hansa Mehta , Hari Vinayak Pataskar , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar , Joseph Alban D'Souza , Kanayalal Nanabhai Desai , Keshavrao Marutirao Jedhe , Khandubhai Kasanji Desai , Bal Gangadhar Kher , M.R. Masani , K.M. Munshi , Narahar Vishnu Gadgil , S. Nijalingappa , S.K. Patil , Ramchandra Manohar Nalavade , R.R. Diwakar , Shankarrao Deo , G.V. Mavalankar , Vallabhbhai Patel , Abdul Kadar Mohammad Shaikh , A.A. Khan West Bengal : Monomohan Das , Arun Chandra Guha , Lakshmi Kanta Maitra , Mihir Lal Chattopadhyay , Satis Chandra Samanta , Suresh Chandra Majumdar , Upendranath Barman , Prabhudayal Himatsingka , Basanta Kumar Das , Renuka Ray , H.C. Mukherjee , Surendra Mohan Ghose , Syama Prasad Mookerjee , Ari Bahadur Gurung , R.E. Platel , K.C. Neogy , Raghib Ahsan , Somnath Lahiri , Jasimuddin Ahmad , Naziruddin Ahmad , Abdul Hamid , Abdul Halim Ghuznavi United Provinces : Ajit Prasad Jain , Algu Rai Shastri , Balkrishna Sharma , Banshi Dhar Misra , Bhagwan Din , Damodar Swarup Seth , Dayal Das Bhagat , Dharam Prakash , A. Dharam Dass , R.V. Dhulekar , Feroz Gandhi , Gopal Narain , Krishna Chandra Sharma , Govind Ballabh Pant , Govind Malviya , Har Govind Pant , Harihar Nath Shastri , Hriday Nath Kunzru , Jaspat Roy Kapoor , Jagannath Baksh Singh , Jawaharlal Nehru , Jogendra Singh , Jugal Kishore , Jwala Prasad Srivastava , B.V. Keskar , Kamala Chaudhry , Kamalapati Tripathi , J.B. Kripalani , Mahavir Tyagi , Khurshed Lal , Masurya Din , Mohan Lal Saksena , Padampat Singhania , Phool Singh , Paragi Lal , Purnima Banerjee , Purushottam Das Tandon , Hira Vallabha Tripathi , Ram Chandra Gupta , Shibban Lal Saxena , Satish Chandra , John Matthai , Sucheta Kripalani , Sunder Lall , Venkatesh Narayan Tiwari , Mohanlal Gautam , Vishwambhar Dayal Tripathi , Vishnu Sharan Dublish , Begum Aizaz Rasul , Hyder Hussain , Hasrat Mohani , Abul Kalam Azad , Muhammad Ismail Khan , Rafi Ahmad Kidwai , Mohd . Hifzur Rahman , ZH Lari East Punjab : Bakshi Tek Chand , Jairamdas Daulatram , Thakurdas Bhargava , Bikramlal Sondhi , Yashwant Rai , Ranbir Singh Hooda , Lala Achint Ram , Nand Lal , Baldev Singh , Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir , Sardar Hukam Singh , Sardar Bhopinder Singh Mann , Sardar Rattan Singh Lohgarh Chaudhry Suraj Mal Bihar : Nasif Arafat , Amiyo Kumar Ghosh , Anugrah Narayan Sinha , Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala , Bhagwat Prasad , Boniface Lakra , Brajeshwar Prasad , Chandika Ram , K.T. Shah , Devendra Nath Samanta , Dip Narain Sinha , Guptanath Singh , Jadubans Sahay , Jagat Narain Lal , Jagjivan Ram , Jaipal Singh Munda , Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga , Kamaleshwari Prasad Yadav , Mahesh Prasad Sinha , Krishna Ballabh Sahay , Raghunandan Prasad , Rajendra Prasad , Rameshwar Prasad Sinha , Ramnarayan Singh , Sachchidananda Sinha , Sarangdhar Sinha , Satyanarayan Sinha , Binodanand Jha , P.K. Sen , Sri Krishna Sinha , Sri Narayan Mahtha , Syamanandan Mishra , Hussain Imam , Syed Jafar Imam , Latifur Rahman , Mohammad Tahir , Tajamul Hussain , Choudhry Abid Hussain . Hargovind Mishra Central Provinces and Berar : Ambica Charan Shukla , Raghu Vira , Rajkumari Amrit Kaur , B.A. Mandloi , Brijlal Nandlal Biyani , Thakur Cheedilal , Seth Govind Das , Hari Singh Gour , Hari Vishnu Kamath , Hemchandra Jagobaji Khandekar , Ghanshyam Singh Gupta , Lakshman Shrawan Bhatkar , Panjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh , Ravi Shankar Shukla , R.K. Sidhva , Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari , Frank Anthony , Kazi Syed Karimuddin , Ganpatrao Dani Assam : Nibaran Chandra Laskar , Dharanidhar Basu - Matari , Gopinath Bardoloi , J.J.M. Nichols - Roy , Kuladhar Chaliha , Rohini Kumar Chaudhury , Muhammad Saadulla , Abdur Rouf Orissa : Biswanath Das , Krishna Chandra Gajapati Narayana Dev , Harekrushna Mahatab , Laxminarayan Sahu Lokanath Mishra , Nandkishore Das , Rajkrishna Bose , Santanu Kumar Das , Yudhishir Mishra Delhi : Deshbhandhu Gupta Ajmer - Merwara : Mukut Bihari Lal Bhargava Coorg : C.M. Poonacha Mysore : K.C. Reddy , T. Siddalingaiya , H.R. Guruv Reddy , S.V. Krishnamurthy Rao , K. Hanumanthaiya , H. Siddaveerappa , T. Channiah Jammu and Kashmir : Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah , Motiram Baigra , Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg , Maulana Mohammad Sayeed Masoodi Travancore - Cochin : Pattom A. Thanu Pillai , R. Sankar , P.T. Chacko , Panampilly Govinda Menon , Annie Mascarene , P.S. Nataraja Pillai , K.A. Mohamed Madhya Bharat : Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate , Brijraj Narain , Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya , Ram Sahai , Kusum Kant Jain , Radhavallabh Vijayavargiya , Sitaram S. Jajoo Saurashtra : Balwant Rai Gopalji Mehta , Jaisukhlal Hathi , Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar , Chimanlal Chakubhai Shah , Samaldas Laxmidas Gandhi Rajasthan : V.T. Krishnamachari , Hiralal Shastri , Sardar Singhjhi of Khetri , Jaswant Singhji , Raj Bhadur , Manikya Lal Varma , Gokul Lal Asava , Ramchandra Upadhyaya , Balwant Sinha Mehta , Dalel Singh , Jainarain Vyas Patiala and East Punjab States Union : Ranjit Singh , Sochet Singh , Bhagwant Roy Bombay States : Vinayakrao Balshankar Vaidya , B.N. Munavalli , Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt , Jivraj Narayan Mehta , Gopaldas A. Desai , Paranlal Thakurlal Munshi , B.H. Khardekar , Ratnappa Bharamappa Kumbhar Orissa States : Lal Mohan Pati , N. Madhava Rau , Raj Kunwar , Sarangadhar Das , Yudhishthir Mishra Central Provinces States : R.L. Malaviya , Kishorimohan Tripathi , Ramprasad Potai United Provinces States : B.H. Zaidi , Krishna Singh Madras States : V. Ramaiah , Ramakrishna Ranga Rao Vindhya Pradesh : Avdesh Pratap Singh , Shambu Nath Shukla , Ram Sahai Tiwari , Mannulalji Dwidedi Cooch Behar : Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari Tripura and Manipur : Girja Shankar Guha Bhopal : Lal Singh Kutch : Bhawani Arjun Khimji Himachal Pradesh : Yashwant Singh Parmar Members who later withdrew after partition ( edit ) East Bengal : Abdullah al Mahmood , Maulana Mohd Abdullah el Baqui , Abdul Hamid , Abdul Kasem Khan , Mohammad Akram Khan , A. Hamid , Azizuddin Ahmad , Muhammad Habibullah Bahar , Prem Hari Barma , Raj Kumar Chakraverty , Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya , Abdul Matin Chaudhary , Murtaza Raza Choudhry , Hamidul Haq Chowdhury , Akhay Kumar Das , Dhirendra Nath Datta , Bhupendra Kumar Datta , Ebrahim Khan , Fazlul Huq , Fazlur Rahman , Ghayasuddin Pathan , Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah , Liaquat Ali Khan , Mafizuddin Ahmad , Mahmud Hussain , Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar , A.M. Malik , Birat Chandra Mandal , Jogendra Nath Mandal , Mohammed Ali , Khwaja Nazimuddin , M.A.B.L. Nur Ahmed , Nurul Amin , Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi , Sri Dhananjoy M.A.B.L. Roy , Maudi Bhakesh Chanda , B.L. Serajul Islam , Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Osmani , Shahabudin Khwaja , H.S. Suhrawardy , Harendra Kumar Sur , Tamizuddin Khan , Kawivi Kerwar Datta , Ghulam Mohammed West Punjab : Mian Mumtaz Mohammad Khan Daultana , Ganga Saran , Zafarullah Khan , Iftikhar Hussain Khan , Mian Muhammad Iftikharuddin , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Sheikh Karamat Ali , Nazir Ahmad Khan , Sardar Abdur Rab Nistar , Feroz Khan Noon , Omar Hayat Malik , Shah Nawaz Begum Jahan Ara , Sardar Shaukat Hyat Khan , Northwest Frontier Province : Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan , Khan Sardar Bahadur Khan , Sardar Asad Ullah Jan Khan Sindh : Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman , Alhajj Muhammad Hashim Gazder , M.A. Khuhro Balochistan : S.B. Nawab Mohammad Khan Jogezai Gallery ( edit ) Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947 . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Chairman , Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution with other members on Aug. 29 , 1947 . Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar , chairman of the Drafting Committee , presenting the final draft of the Indian Constitution to Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 25 November , 1949 . B.R. Ambedkar in Constituent Assembly of India . Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the constituent assembly in 1946 . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ M. Lakshmikanth , Indian Polity for Civil Services Examinations , 3rd ed. , ( New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited , 2011 ) , p. 2.3 Jump up ^ Parliament , Indian . `` Some facts about the Constitutive Assembly '' . Retrieved 15 June 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 12 . Jump up ^ Baruah , L.M. ( 1992 ) . Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi , an Architect of Modern India . Gyan Publishing House . ISBN 81 - 212 - 0404 - 6 . Retrieved 2013 - 11 - 17 . Further reading ( edit ) Austin , Granville . The Indian Constitution , Cornerstone of a Nation . New Delhi : OUP India , 1999 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 564959 - 1 . Bipan Chandra , Mridula Mukherjee and Aditya Mukherjee . India Since Independence : Revised Edition . New Delhi : Penguin Books India , 2008 . An Indian 10 - episode TV series made by Rajya sabha TV called `` SAMVIDHAN '' described in detail how the Indian Constitution was made . Indian Independence Movement History Colonisation Porto Grande de Bengala Dutch Bengal East India Company British Raj French India Portuguese India Battle of Plassey Battle of Buxar Anglo - Mysore Wars First Second Third Fourth Anglo - Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar Wars Vellore Mutiny First Anglo - Sikh War Second Anglo - Sikh War Sannyasi Rebellion Rebellion of 1857 Radcliffe Line more Philosophies and ideologies Ambedkarism Gandhism Hindu nationalism Indian nationalism Khilafat Movement Muslim nationalism in South Asia Satyagraha Socialism Swadeshi movement Swaraj Events and movements Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ) Partition of Bengal ( 1947 ) Revolutionaries Direct Action Day Delhi - Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist Singapore Mutiny Hindu -- German Conspiracy Champaran Satyagraha Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh massacre Noakhali riots Non-Cooperation Movement Christmas Day Plot Coolie - Begar Movement Chauri Chaura incident , 1922 Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt March Dharasana Satyagraha Vedaranyam March Chittagong armoury raid Gandhi -- Irwin Pact Round table conferences Act of 1935 Aundh Experiment Indian Legion Cripps Mission Quit India Bombay Mutiny Coup d'état of Yanaon Provisional Government of India Independence Day Praja Mandala movement Organisations All India Kisan Sabha All - India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Arya Samaj Azad Hind Berlin Committee Ghadar Party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Indian National Congress India House Indian Home Rule movement Indian Independence League Indian National Army Jugantar Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Swaraj Party more Social reformers A. Vaidyanatha Iyer Ayya Vaikundar Ayyankali B.R. Ambedkar Baba Amte Bal Gangadhar Tilak Dayananda Saraswati Dhondo Keshav Karve G. Subramania Iyer Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Gopal Hari Deshmukh Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar J.B. Kripalani Jyotirao Phule Kandukuri Veeresalingam Mahadev Govind Ranade Mahatma Gandhi Muthulakshmi Reddi Narayana Guru Niralamba Swami Pandita Ramabai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy Ram Mohan Roy Rettamalai Srinivasan Sahajanand Saraswati Savitribai Phule Shahu Sister Nivedita Sri Aurobindo Syed Ahmad Khan Vakkom Moulavi Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Vinoba Bhave Vitthal Ramji Shinde Vivekananda Independence activists Abul Kalam Azad Accamma Cherian Achyut Patwardhan A.K. Fazlul Huq Alluri Sitarama Raju Annapurna Maharana Annie Besant Ashfaqulla Khan Babu Kunwar Singh Bagha Jatin Bahadur Shah II Bakht Khan Bal Gangadhar Tilak Basawon Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal Bhagat Singh Bharathidasan Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhikaiji Cama Bhupendra Kumar Datta Bidhan Chandra Roy Bipin Chandra Pal C. Rajagopalachari Chandra Shekhar Azad Chetram Jatav Chittaranjan Das Dadabhai Naoroji Dayananda Saraswati Dhan Singh Dukkipati Nageswara Rao Gopal Krishna Gokhale Govind Ballabh Pant Har Dayal Hemu Kalani Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Jatindra Nath Das Jawaharlal Nehru K. Kamaraj Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Khudiram Bose Shri Krishna Singh Lala Lajpat Rai M. Bhaktavatsalam M.N. Roy Mahadaji Shinde Mahatma Gandhi Mangal Pandey Mir Qasim Mithuben Petit Muhammad Ali Jauhar Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari Nagnath Naikwadi Nana Fadnavis Nana Sahib P. Kakkan Prafulla Chaki Pritilata Waddedar Pritilata Waddedar Purushottam Das Tandon R. Venkataraman Rahul Sankrityayan Rajendra Prasad Ram Prasad Bismil Rani Lakshmibai Rash Behari Bose Sahajanand Saraswati Sangolli Rayanna Sarojini Naidu Satyapal Dang Shuja - ud - Daula Shyamji Krishna Varma Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi Siraj ud - Daulah Subhas Chandra Bose Subramania Bharati Subramaniya Siva Surya Sen Syama Prasad Mukherjee Tara Rani Srivastava Tarak Nath Das Tatya Tope Tiruppur Kumaran Ubaidullah Sindhi VO Chidamabaram V.K. Krishna Menon Vallabhbhai Patel Vanchinathan Veeran Sundaralingam Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Virendranath Chattopadhyaya Yashwantrao Holkar Yogendra Shukla more British leaders Wavell Canning Cornwallis Irwin Chelmsford Curzon Ripon Minto Dalhousie Bentinck Mountbatten Wellesley Lytton Clive Outram Cripps Linlithgow Hastings Independence Cabinet Mission Annexation of French colonies in India Constitution Republic of India Indian annexation of Goa Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Simla Conference Legislatures of India British Raj Council of India Imperial Legislative Council Council of State Central Legislative Assembly Chamber of Princes Constituent Assembly of India Sansad Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Vidhan Sabha Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Vidhan Parishad Andhra Pradesh Bihar Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Maharashtra Telangana Uttar Pradesh Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constituent_Assembly_of_India&oldid=850383250 '' Categories : Constitutional history of India Central Legislative Assembly of India Political history of India Constituent Assembly of India Hidden categories : Articles needing additional references from March 2012 All articles needing additional references Use Indian English from October 2013 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from September 2013 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Français हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Italiano ಕನ್ನಡ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ தமிழ் తెలుగు Edit links This page was last edited on 15 July 2018 , at 14 : 27 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when was the first meeting of the constituent assembly held | ["The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. Congress won 208 seats, and the Muslim League 73. After this election, the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress,[citation needed] and the political situation deteriorated. Hindu-Muslim riots began, and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India. On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and, although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948, this event led to independence on 15 August 1947. The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament's authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947. The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal (which became part of Pakistan, although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh); the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947.\n"] | ['9 December 1946'] | The elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. Congress won 208 seats, and the Muslim League 73. After this election, the Muslim League refused to cooperate with the Congress,[citation needed] and the political situation deteriorated. Hindu-Muslim riots began, and the Muslim League demanded a separate constituent assembly for Muslims in India. On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and, although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948, this event led to independence on 15 August 1947. The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament's authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947. The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal (which became part of Pakistan, although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh); the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947.
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[question]: When did India gain independence from British rule?
[answer]: India gained independence from British rule on 15 August 1947. | When did India gain independence from British rule? | India gained independence from British rule on 15 August 1947. | 1 | 7.296054 | 10 | 247 | 1 |
1,610 | -3,031,942,016,977,040,400 | Pixel 2 | Pixel 2 - wikipedia Pixel 2 Pixel 2 Pixel 2 XL Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL Codename Walleye ( Pixel 2 ) Taimen ( Pixel 2 XL ) Developer Google Manufacturer HTC ( Pixel 2 ) LG Electronics ( Pixel 2 XL ) ( as contract manufacturers for both models ) Slogan Ask more of your phone . Series Pixel Model G011A ( Pixel 2 ) G011C ( Pixel 2 XL ) Compatible networks 2G 3G 4G LTE First released October 19 , 2017 ; 10 months ago ( 2017 - 10 - 19 ) Predecessor Pixel Type Pixel 2 : Smartphone Pixel 2 XL : Phablet Form factor Slate Pixel 2 : H : 145.7 mm ( 5.74 in ) W : 69.7 mm ( 2.74 in ) D: 7.8 mm ( 0.31 in ) Pixel 2 XL : H : 157.9 mm ( 6.22 in ) W : 76.7 mm ( 3.02 in ) D: 7.9 mm ( 0.31 in ) Weight Pixel 2 : 143 g ( 5.04 oz ) Pixel 2 XL : 175 g ( 6.17 oz ) Operating system Android 8.0 `` Oreo '' , upgradable to Android 9.0 `` Pie '' System on chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 CPU Octa - core ( 4 × 2.35 GHz , 4 × 1.9 GHz ) Kryo GPU Adreno 540 Modem Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE ( integrated ) Memory 4 GB LPDDR4X RAM Storage 64 or 128 GB Battery Pixel 2 : 2,700 mAh Pixel 2 XL : 3,520 mAh Display Pixel 2 : 5 in ( 130 mm ) FHD AMOLED , 1920 × 1080 ( 441 ppi ) Pixel 2 XL : 6 in ( 150 mm ) QHD P - OLED , 2880 × 1440 ( 538 ppi ) All : Gorilla Glass 5 Rear camera 12.2 MP 1.4 μm pixel size f / 1.8 aperture Phase - detection autofocus and laser autofocus HDR+ processing Dual pixel HD 720p ( up to 240 FPS ) FHD 1080p video ( up to 120 FPS ) 4K 2160p video ( up to 30 FPS ) EIS OIS Front camera 8 MP Sony Exmor IMX179 1.4 μm pixel size f / 2.4 aperture Connectivity GSM , LTE , LTE Advanced , Voice over LTE , HSDPA , CDMA , TD - LTE , TD - SCDMA Website store.google.com/product/pixel_2 Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are Android smartphones designed , developed and marketed by Google . They were announced during a Google event on October 4 , 2017 , as the successors to the Pixel and Pixel XL . They were released on October 19 , 2017 , and serve as the second set of smartphones in the Google Pixel hardware line . Contents 1 History 2 Specifications 2.1 Design 2.2 Hardware 2.3 Software 3 Reception 4 Issues 4.1 Screen issues 4.2 Audio issues 4.3 Other issues 4.4 Fixed issues 5 Sales 6 References 7 External links History ( edit ) In early March 2017 , Google 's Rick Osterloh confirmed that they would bring a `` next - gen '' Pixel phone later that year . He stated it would `` stay premium '' and that there would be no `` cheap Pixel '' . Google originally intended to use HTC to manufacture both their 2017 flagships , but later shifted to LG to manufacture the bigger Pixel 2 XL . The unreleased device that was supposed to be the Pixel 2 XL under the codename `` Muskie '' , was later re-developed by HTC into the HTC U11+ . The Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are currently carried in the United States by Verizon and Project Fi . Specifications ( edit ) Design ( edit ) The back of the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL is made from aluminum with a thin `` premium coating '' of plastic and has a top section made from glass to provide wireless transmissivity . Unlike the original Pixel XL , which was simply an enlarged version of the Pixel design with no other changes , the Pixel 2 XL 's external design differs from its smaller sibling , employing a taller 18 : 9 P - OLED display instead of the Pixel 2 's 16 : 9 AMOLED . Hardware ( edit ) The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are both powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 , coupled with 4 GB LPDDR4X RAM . They both come in storage options of 64 or 128 GB . Magnified view showing the diagonal PenTile pixel arrangement on the Pixel 2 ( not XL ) The Pixel 2 has a 5 - inch ( 130 mm ) AMOLED display panel with 1920 × 1080 resolution , coming in at around 441 ppi , while the Pixel 2 XL comes with a 6 - inch ( 150 mm ) P - OLED display panel with a 18 : 9 aspect ratio and a 2880 × 1440 resolution at 538 ppi . Both phones have a 12.2 megapixel rear camera capable of recording 4K video at 30 FPS , 1080p video at 120 FPS , and 720p video at 240 FPS . The camera also contains phase - detection autofocus , laser autofocus , and HDR+ processing . The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL also include the Intel - designed Pixel Visual Core image processor for faster and lower power image processing , though it was not enabled until Android 8.1 was released in January 2018 . The camera does not allow capturing Raw images and lacks manual controls . Unlike Apple 's iPhone 8 and iPhone X , the Pixels do not have support for 4K video at 60 FPS , as the processor is not powerful enough . Although the camera has Optical Image Stabilization it is unable to remove some high frequency vibrations that other smartphones are able to remove . Pixel 2 owners receive free unlimited storage for all photos and videos taken on the phone in original quality through the end of 2020 , with unlimited high - quality storage continuing afterwards . The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL support USB Power Delivery quick charging , have a fingerprint sensor on the rear , IP67 dust and water resistance and are Daydream - ready . Software ( edit ) The phones ship with stock Android 8.0 `` Oreo '' on launch . Google has promised three years of software and security updates , making it closer to the average four years of support that Apple provides for its iPhones . The new Pixels also include a feature called `` Active Edge '' . With this , the Google Assistant can be launched by squeezing the phone 's sides , similar to the HTC U11 's `` Edge Sense '' feature . This phone was also released with the new Google Lens app , which is designed to bring up relevant information using visual analysis by the camera . Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL also automatically reverse searches songs which are playing around the device . Android 8.1 Oreo was released for the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL on December 5 , 2017 . Reception ( edit ) The Pixel 2 camera received a score of 98 from DxOMark , making it the highest performing mobile device camera at the end of 2017 , and was overtaken in March 2018 by Samsung 's Galaxy S9+ . The Pixel 2 and the Pixel 2 XL received mixed reviews . The phone was praised for the camera quality and water resistance , but was criticized for the removal of the headphone jack , particularly after Google mocked Apple for doing the same with its iPhone 7 phone at the launch of the first generation Pixel phone just 12 months prior . Google was also criticized for the price of the USB - C to 3.5 mm headphone adapter it sells , which costs US $20 while Apple 's Lightning to 3.5 mm adapter costs US $9 , as well as for not including headphones with the phone . However , news outlets noted that because USB - C is a standard interface , unlike Lightning , there are a variety of third - party adapters that retail for less than Google 's official one . Google later dropped the price of the adapter to US $9 , keeping the price in - line with Apple 's offering . YouTuber JerryRigEverything , who performs durability tests on various smartphones , criticized Google for their design choice with the antenna lines on the sides of the handset . When he bent the Pixel 2 , it cracked at the antenna line near the middle of the phone , voiding its water resistance and warranty , while most other phones from competitors pass his bend test . This does not apply to the Pixel 2 XL . The design of the smaller Pixel 2 was regarded as plain , and its big chunky bezels were not well received , considering that earlier 2017 phones like the Samsung Galaxy S8 and LG G6 had moved to nearly bezel-less screens . The Pixel 2 XL screen became infamous for quality control issues , a flaw shared with the LG V30 which also has the same manufacturer and P - OLED screen type . The Pixel 2 XL has a blue tint visible on the screen when the phone is viewed at an angle . Many were dissatisfied and it was speculated that Google had installed the polarizer incorrectly . However , when Google addressed the tint , they stated that it was a design choice to have the blue tint to go along with the cooler color temperature used by the screen ( it is calibrated to a D67 white point , which is 6700K ) . Issues ( edit ) Screen issues ( edit ) Vlad Savov of The Verge has complained of under - saturated and distorted OLED displays , and there have also been reports of screen burn - in on some Pixel 2 XL units . The Pixel 2 XL also suffers from a `` black smear '' problem , which occurs when a group of black pixels transition to colored ones , and tend to linger for a while , before changing to their expected state . Google conducted an investigation and said that a software update would be coming soon that would add a new mode for more saturated colors , reducing the maximum brightness of the Pixel 2 XL devices by 50 cd / m to reduce load on the display , and fading out the navigation bar after a period of inactivity . The November security patch came with three new screen modes that Google promised earlier , although Google has also said that further enhancements would be included in a separate software update to be released in December . Google also extended device warranty to two years for both devices worldwide . The Pixel 2 XL has an issue where the screen may flash randomly . It occurs when the phone is locked or unlocked . The issue was fixed in the June system software update , but returned back with the July update . Audio issues ( edit ) Hundreds of Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL owners have been complaining of high - pitched and clicking sounds coming from the phone . Google investigated the issue and recommended turning off NFC to temporarily fix the problem until a software update comes out . The November security patch fixed the clicking sound as well as the KRACK WPA2 Wi - Fi security issue , however , it did not fix the buzzing sounds heard during calls on some devices . Google has promised a fix in a future update . The Pixel 2 XL has a volume flaw that reduces the sound level of audio clips sent through messaging apps such as Google Allo , Instagram , and Telegram among others . Google is aware of the problem and is looking into it . Some of the USB - C to 3.5 mm adapters for the headphones do not work . In some cases , rebooting the phone can fix the issue temporarily . Google is offering replacements for the faulty adapters . Some Pixel 2 XL suffer from speaker rattling when playing content or even during phone calls . Multiple users reported that the microphone can randomly stop working . A possible solution is to blow into the microphone . Some units suffer from Bluetooth connectivity issues . There is an issue where Google Assistant does not work with some Bluetooth headphones . Other issues ( edit ) The Pixel 2 XL comes with a charger capable of fast charging at 18 W , but the phone is not able to charge at more than 10.5 W , taking two and a half hours for a full charge . Below 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ) the charging speed is just a mere 3 - 4W , but the phone will still display `` Charging rapidly '' , which is misleading . The phones are known to randomly reboot . Google promised a fix in the coming weeks . The random reboots are believed to be caused by the LTE modem . The Android 8.1 release in 2017 did not fix the problem . The Android 8.1 update introduces an issue in the Pixel 2 XL making the fingerprint sensor slower . Google is investigating the issue . The phones have issues with Wi - Fi mesh networks , where disconnects are common . Google is already investigating this issue . Users started reporting battery drain issues after the February security update . The battery drain become worse after the April security updates . Google is looking for a fix . Users are reporting proximity sensor issues . Google is aware of the issue and looking for a fix . Some users are having issues making calls and receiving MMS messages . Google claims these issues are fixed but users are still complaining about them . The Pixel 2 produces blurry panoramas . Google has known about this issue since December 2017 , but has not been able to deliver a fix . There is a workaround for this issue but it requires rooting the phone ( which requires a full wipe if the bootloader was n't previously unlocked ) . Google has promised a fix later in 2018 . The June OTA update introduces an issue that makes the phone much slower to wake up from sleep . Google is already aware of the issue and looking for a fix . The camera has an issue where it sometimes shows `` fatal camera error '' . Google is aware of the issue and working on a fix . Android Pie update causes an issue with the fast charge functionality on the Pixel 2 XL . Google is aware of the issue and looking for a fix . The phone has lag issues and can get extremely laggy without a known cause . The only known fix is to replace the device . Google is aware of the issue and looking for a fix . Fixed issues ( edit ) Some Pixel 2 XL devices also fail to register touch near the edges of the screen . Android 8.1 fixes this issue . Some Pixel 2 XL units suffer from poor audio recording quality . The recorded audio is high - pitched and distorted . Android 8.1 fixes this issue . Some Pixel 2 XL devices were shipped to consumers without an operating system , rendering them unusable . Many users are reporting that unlocked devices have a locked bootloader . Google fixed the issue , but the solution includes factory resetting the device . Sales ( edit ) In the United States , Verizon and Project Fi are the exclusive carriers for the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL . They are available direct - to - consumer for use on any wireless network through Google 's online store , or from Best Buy and Target . On March 21 , 2018 , Google did a temporary offer if a consumer financed a Pixel for 2 years the consumer receives $200 cashback , to compete with the Samsung Galaxy S9 and iPhone X . The promotion ended March 31 , 2018 . On July 9th , 2018 , Google reduced the Pixel 2 XL price significantly . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` These are the Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL VentureBeat '' . venturebeat.com . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 XL vs. iPhone X vs. Note 8 : Phablet spec showdown Archived February 22 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Pixel boss Rick Osterloh : Pixel 2 is coming this year and staying premium '' . AndroidPIT . Archived from the original on October 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The HTC U11 Plus was originally intended to be the Google Pixel 2 XL '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` JerryRigEverything rips into the Pixel 2 and exposes easily scratched plastic coating '' . Android Police . October 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 22 , 2017 . Retrieved October 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 's custom camera SoC uses Intel technology '' . Ars Technica . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2017 . Retrieved October 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Amadeo , Ron ( February 6 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram , Snapchat , and WhatsApp get better photos on the Pixel 2 '' . Ars Technica . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Amadeo , Ron ( October 17 , 2017 ) . `` Surprise ! The Pixel 2 is hiding a custom Google SoC for image processing '' . Ars Technica . Archived from the original on October 18 , 2017 . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google on Pixel 2 's Noisy 4K Videos , RAW and Manual Modes , 4K@60fps , More '' . NDTV Gadgets360.com . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Explains Decisions Made on the Pixel 2 Camera '' . xda - developers . November 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Galaxy Note 8 crushes iPhone X and Pixel 2 in OIS video recording comparison Archived December 26 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 '' . Google Store . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 and 2 XL review -- The best Android phone you can buy Ars Technica Archived January 7 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL : Specs , pricing , and everything else ! '' . Android Central . October 4 , 2017 . Archived from the original on September 11 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google guarantees three years of Android software updates for the Pixel 2 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on December 10 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` How to enable Now Playing on your Google Pixel 2 '' . Android Central . October 25 , 2017 . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2018 . Retrieved February 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hager , Ryne . `` Android 8.1 OTA files and factory images are now live '' . Android Police . Illogical Robot LLC . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2018 . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 reviewed : Sets new record for overall smartphone camera quality - DxOMark '' . DxOMark . October 4 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL : Google takes on the iPhone X '' . CNET . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Biggs , Tim ( October 5 , 2017 ) . `` Google announces Pixel 2 smartphones and a whole host of other hardware '' . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 's missing headphone jack proves Apple was right '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Gartenberg , Chaim . `` Google 's replacement Pixel 2 USB - C headphone dongles cost $20 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google 's Replacement USB - C Headphone Adaptor Will Cost You £ 20 '' . Gizmodo UK . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google drops price of its USB - C to headphone jack dongle down to $9 from $20 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Copying Apple , Google mercifully drops its $20 Pixel USB - C headphone dongle to $9 '' . 9to5Google . October 13 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Williams , Brett . `` Google avoids the wrath of wired headphone lovers , cuts Pixel 2 dongle price '' . Mashable . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Smith , Chris ( October 20 , 2017 ) . `` Forget the Pixel 2 's display problems , Google 's new flagships are far too fragile '' . BGR . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 torture test shows just how destructible the handset 's ' premium coating ' really is '' . 9to5Google . October 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Brown , Aaron ( October 22 , 2017 ) . `` Google Pixel 2 might have the same problem as iPhone 6 Plus , and this video shows why '' . Daily Express . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 review : plainly great '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on January 24 , 2018 . Retrieved January 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL drama is undermining Google 's entire Pixel project '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 4 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Why I am put off by the Pixel 2 XL display , but you might not be '' . Android Authority . October 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL screen blue tint likely caused by poorly applied polarizer '' . Phone Arena . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google says that the Pixel 2 XL display 's blue shift is normal , much to owners ' dissatisfaction '' . Android Police . October 26 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 28 , 2017 . Retrieved November 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Groups '' . Google . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL would be the best phone in the world if its screen was n't so weird '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google could be forced to recall £ 1000 Pixel 2 XL after screen burn pics emerge TheINQUIRER '' . theINQUIRER . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 `` black smearing , '' `` clicking , '' and speaker volume issues reported `` . Android Authority . October 24 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL 's pOLED display has a ' black smear ' problem that 's definitely worse than average '' . 9to5Google . October 24 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 8 , 2017 . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google responds to Pixel 2 XL screen burn - in and color concerns with upcoming software updates , 2 - year warranty '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google updates Pixel 2 XL with new ' saturated ' color display option and other bug fixes '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` November security patch adds color modes & burn - in protections to Pixel 2 , Pixel 2 XL '' . 9to5Google . November 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google responds to Pixel 2 issues : Extended warranty and updates '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some Google Pixel 2 XL owners reporting screen flashing issue w / Always - On Display and lockscreen ( Video ) '' . 9to5Google . November 8 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 9 , 2017 . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Did July OTA re-trigger Pixel 2 screen flashing issue ? Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 phones are making strange noises '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on October 29 , 2017 . Retrieved October 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google plans software update to fix Pixel 2 clicking sound '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kumparak , Greg . `` Google responds to Pixel 2 XL display complaints , promises fix for ' clicking ' noise on the Pixel 2 '' . TechCrunch . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google will issue a fix for Pixel 2 's buzzing sounds heard during calls '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 20 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 XL Users Report Voice Messaging Issue , Google Promises Fix Archived January 13 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL owners claiming included headphone adapter does n't work '' . December 18 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL headphone adapter not working for some folks '' . December 19 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some are experiencing a rattling or buzzing problem with the Pixel 2 XL 's speakers '' . December 21 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 mic not working during calls ? Try blowing into bottom speaker - GSMArena.com news Archived November 9 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 users are reporting Bluetooth connectivity issues '' . Android Central . November 3 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 1 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 bug prevents Google Assistant from working on Bluetooth headphones '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Siegal , Jacob ( November 6 , 2017 ) . `` Another Google Pixel 2 XL issue arises as users report slow battery charging '' . BGR . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ The Pixel 2 charges much more slowly below certain temperatures , but it does n't tell you that Archived February 19 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google will fix Pixel 2 reboot issues `` in the coming weeks '' - The Verge Archived November 28 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Random Reboots On The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL Caused By LTE Modem Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 XL fingerprint scanner slower following Android 8.1 update '' . December 18 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL fingerprint sensor slower after 8.1 update '' . December 17 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Google looking into Pixel 2 WiFi disconnect issue on mesh networks Archived December 25 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 battery drain issue being looked into , Google says Archived February 25 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 battery drainage mess got worse in April Archived May 1 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Fix In The Works For Google Pixel 2 Proximity Sensor Issues Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 Users Experience MMS Issue And Outgoing Call Delay Jump up ^ Google claims Pixel 2 MMS issues fixed despite continued reports Archived April 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google says that the Pixel 2 / 2 XL MMS issues have been fixed , but users are still complaining Archived April 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 owners reporting blurry panoramas Archived April 15 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google still has n't fixed the Pixel 2 's 8 - month - old panorama issue , so someone made a workaround ( root required ) Jump up ^ June OTA update may have made the Pixel 2 XL much slower to wake up Archived June 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google `` working on a fix '' for long - standing Pixel 2 camera problem Jump up ^ Android 9 Pie seems to be messing with the Pixel XL 's ability to fast charge Jump up ^ Pixel 2 XL lag may lead to device ( hardware ) replacements Jump up ^ If your Pixel 2 has been lagging lately , you 're not alone Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL has another screen issue : unresponsive edges '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Some Pixel 2 XL touchscreens are unresponsive near the edges . Fixed in DP2 Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google 's Pixel 2 XL also appears to suffer from poor audio recording quality '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 30 , 2017 . Retrieved October 31 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Android 8.1 DP2 fixes poor audio Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL experienced when recording video Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google is apparently shipping some Pixel 2 XLs without an operating system '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some Google Pixel 2 XL phones are reportedly shipping without Android '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Morris , Ian . `` Google 's New Pixel Failure Sees Customers Getting A Totally Unusable Phone '' . Forbes . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Haselton , Todd ( November 2 , 2017 ) . `` Some of Google 's new Pixel 2 XL phones are being shipped without Android installed '' . CNBC . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Some Pixel 2 devices bought from the Google Store seem to have locked - down bootloaders - Android Authority Archived November 17 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ More users chime in about Google Pixel 2 devices with locked bootloaders - Neowin Archived November 19 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google fixes disabled bootloader unlock on Pixel 2 phones '' . Android Police . November 21 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 22 , 2017 . Retrieved November 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Where to Get the Best Deal on the New Pixel 2 '' . Fortune . Archived from the original on February 3 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Google Slashes Pixel 2 XL Price To Fight Off iPhone X And Galaxy S9 Archived March 24 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google 's new Pixel 2 XL deal is making it tough to wait for the Pixel 3 Jump up ^ Google 's summer sale cuts Home Max and Pixel 2 XL prices Jump up ^ Huge Deal : Pixel 2 XL Price Slashed by $300 External links ( edit ) Official website Google Pixel Smartphones Pixel & Pixel XL Pixel 2 & Pixel 2 XL Chromebooks Chromebook Pixel ( 2013 ) and ( 2015 ) Pixelbook Tablets Pixel C Accessories Pixel Buds Google Overview Alphabet Inc . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia Developers | when did the pixel 2 xl come out | ['Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are Android smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Google. They were announced during a Google event on October 4, 2017, as the successors to the Pixel and Pixel XL. They were released on October 19, 2017, and serve as the second set of smartphones in the Google Pixel hardware line.\n'] | ['October 19, 2017'] | Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are Android smartphones designed, developed and marketed by Google. They were announced during a Google event on October 4, 2017, as the successors to the Pixel and Pixel XL. They were released on October 19, 2017, and serve as the second set of smartphones in the Google Pixel hardware line.
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[question]: What are the names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017?
[answer]: The names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017 are Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL. | What are the names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017? | The names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017 are Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL. | 1 | 7.293986 | 19 | 56 | 1 |
12,004 | -4,182,617,306,033,705,000 | Pixel 2 | Pixel 2 - wikipedia Pixel 2 It has been suggested that this article be merged into Google Pixel . ( Discuss ) Proposed since August 2018 . This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas , incidents , or controversies . Please help improve it by rewriting it in an neutral presentation that contextualizes different points of view . ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Pixel 2 Pixel 2 XL Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL Codename Walleye ( Pixel 2 ) Taimen ( Pixel 2 XL ) Developer Google Manufacturer HTC ( Pixel 2 ) LG Electronics ( Pixel 2 XL ) ( as contract manufacturers for both models ) Slogan Ask more of your phone . Series Pixel Model G011A ( Pixel 2 ) G011C ( Pixel 2 XL ) Compatible networks 2G 3G 4G LTE First released October 19 , 2017 ; 9 months ago ( 2017 - 10 - 19 ) Predecessor Pixel Type Pixel 2 : Smartphone Pixel 2 XL : Phablet Form factor Slate Pixel 2 : H : 145.7 mm ( 5.74 in ) W : 69.7 mm ( 2.74 in ) D: 7.8 mm ( 0.31 in ) Pixel 2 XL : H : 157.9 mm ( 6.22 in ) W : 76.7 mm ( 3.02 in ) D: 7.9 mm ( 0.31 in ) Weight Pixel 2 : 143 g ( 5.04 oz ) Pixel 2 XL : 175 g ( 6.17 oz ) Operating system Android 8.0 `` Oreo '' , upgradable to Android P System on chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 CPU Octa - core ( 4 × 2.35 GHz , 4 × 1.9 GHz ) Kryo GPU Adreno 540 Modem Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE ( integrated ) Memory 4 GB LPDDR4X RAM Storage 64 or 128 GB Battery Pixel 2 : 2,700 mAh Pixel 2 XL : 3,520 mAh Display Pixel 2 : 5 in ( 130 mm ) FHD AMOLED , 1920 × 1080 ( 441 ppi ) Pixel 2 XL : 6 in ( 150 mm ) QHD P - OLED , 2880 × 1440 ( 538 ppi ) All : Gorilla Glass 5 Rear camera 12.2 MP 1.4 μm pixel size f / 1.8 aperture Phase - detection autofocus and laser autofocus HDR+ processing Dual pixel HD 720p ( up to 240 FPS ) FHD 1080p video ( up to 120 FPS ) 4K 2160p video ( up to 30 FPS ) EIS OIS Front camera 8 MP Sony Exmor IMX179 1.4 μm pixel size f / 2.4 aperture Connectivity GSM , LTE , LTE Advanced , Voice over LTE , HSDPA , CDMA , TD - LTE , TD - SCDMA Website store.google.com/product/pixel_2 Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are Android smartphones designed , developed and marketed by Google . They were announced during a Google event on October 4 , 2017 , as the successors to the Pixel and Pixel XL . They were released on October 19 , 2017 , and serve as the second set of smartphones in the Google Pixel hardware line . Contents 1 History 2 Specifications 2.1 Design 2.2 Hardware 2.3 Software 3 Reception 4 Issues 4.1 Screen issues 4.2 Audio issues 4.3 Other issues 4.4 Fixed issues 5 Sales 6 References 7 External links History ( edit ) In early March 2017 , Google 's Rick Osterloh confirmed that they would bring a `` next - gen '' Pixel phone later that year . He stated it would `` stay premium '' and that there would be no `` cheap Pixel '' . Google originally intended to use HTC to manufacture both their 2017 flagships , but later shifted to LG to manufacture the bigger Pixel 2 XL . The unreleased device that was supposed to be the Pixel 2 XL under the codename `` Muskie '' , was later re-developed by HTC into the HTC U11+ . The Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are currently carried in the United States by Verizon and Project Fi . Specifications ( edit ) Design ( edit ) The back of the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL is made from aluminum with a thin `` premium coating '' of plastic and has a top section made from glass to provide wireless transmissivity . Unlike the original Pixel XL , which was simply an enlarged version of the Pixel design with no other changes , the Pixel 2 XL 's external design differs from its smaller sibling , employing a taller 18 : 9 P - OLED display instead of the Pixel 2 's 16 : 9 AMOLED . Hardware ( edit ) The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are both powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 , coupled with 4 GB LPDDR4X RAM . They both come in storage options of 64 or 128 GB . Magnified view showing the diagonal PenTile pixel arrangement on the Pixel 2 ( not XL ) The Pixel 2 has a 5 - inch ( 130 mm ) AMOLED display panel with 1920 × 1080 resolution , coming in at around 441 ppi , while the Pixel 2 XL comes with a 6 - inch ( 150 mm ) P - OLED display panel with a 18 : 9 aspect ratio and a 2880 × 1440 resolution at 538 ppi . Both phones have a 12.2 megapixel rear camera capable of recording 4K video at 30 FPS , 1080p video at 120 FPS , and 720p video at 240 FPS . The camera also contains phase - detection autofocus , laser autofocus , and HDR+ processing . The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL also include the Intel - designed Pixel Visual Core image processor for faster and lower power image processing , though it was not enabled until Android 8.1 was released in January 2018 . The camera does not allow capturing Raw images and lacks manual controls . Unlike Apple 's iPhone 8 and iPhone X , the Pixels do not have support for 4K video at 60 FPS , as the processor is not powerful enough . Although the camera has Optical Image Stabilization it is unable to remove some high frequency vibrations that other smartphones are able to remove . Pixel 2 owners receive free unlimited storage for all photos and videos taken on the phone in original quality through the end of 2020 , with unlimited high - quality storage continuing afterwards . The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL support USB Power Delivery quick charging , have a fingerprint sensor on the rear , IP67 dust and water resistance and are Daydream - ready . Software ( edit ) The phones ship with stock Android 8.0 `` Oreo '' on launch . Google has promised three years of software and security updates , making it closer to the average four years of support that Apple provides for its iPhones . The new Pixels also include a feature called `` Active Edge '' . With this , the Google Assistant can be launched by squeezing the phone 's sides , similar to the HTC U11 's `` Edge Sense '' feature . This phone was also released with the new Google Lens app , which is designed to bring up relevant information using visual analysis by the camera . Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL also automatically reverse searches songs which are playing around the device . Android 8.1 Oreo was released for the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL on December 5 , 2017 . Reception ( edit ) The Pixel 2 camera received a score of 98 from DxOMark , making it the highest performing mobile device camera at the end of 2017 , and was overtaken in March 2018 by Samsung 's Galaxy S9+ . The Pixel 2 and the Pixel 2 XL received mixed reviews . The phone was praised for the camera quality and water resistance , but was criticized for the removal of the headphone jack , particularly after Google mocked Apple for doing the same with its iPhone 7 phone at the launch of the first generation Pixel phone just 12 months prior . Google was also criticized for the price of the USB - C to 3.5 mm headphone adapter it sells , which costs US $20 while Apple 's Lightning to 3.5 mm adapter costs US $9 , as well as for not including headphones with the phone . However , news outlets noted that because USB - C is a standard interface , unlike Lightning , there are a variety of third - party adapters that retail for less than Google 's official one . Google later dropped the price of the adapter to US $9 , keeping the price in - line with Apple 's offering . YouTuber JerryRigEverything , who performs durability tests on various smartphones , criticized Google for their design choice with the antenna lines on the sides of the handset . When he bent the Pixel 2 , it cracked at the antenna line near the middle of the phone , voiding its water resistance and warranty , while most other phones from competitors pass his bend test . This does not apply to the Pixel 2 XL . The design of the smaller Pixel 2 was regarded as plain , and its big chunky bezels were not well received , considering that earlier 2017 phones like the Samsung Galaxy S8 and LG G6 had moved to nearly bezel-less screens . The Pixel 2 XL screen became infamous for quality control issues , a flaw shared with the LG V30 which also has the same manufacturer and P - OLED screen type . The Pixel 2 XL has a blue tint visible on the screen when the phone is viewed at an angle . Many were dissatisfied and it was speculated that Google had installed the polarizer incorrectly . However , when Google addressed the tint , they stated that it was a design choice to have the blue tint to go along with the cooler color temperature used by the screen ( it is calibrated to a D67 white point , which is 6700K ) . Issues ( edit ) Screen issues ( edit ) Vlad Savov of The Verge has complained of under - saturated and distorted OLED displays , and there have also been reports of screen burn - in on some Pixel 2 XL units . The Pixel 2 XL also suffers from a `` black smear '' problem , which occurs when a group of black pixels transition to colored ones , and tend to linger for a while , before changing to their expected state . Google conducted an investigation and said that a software update would be coming soon that would add a new mode for more saturated colors , reducing the maximum brightness of the Pixel 2 XL devices by 50 cd / m to reduce load on the display , and fading out the navigation bar after a period of inactivity . The November security patch came with three new screen modes that Google promised earlier , although Google has also said that further enhancements would be included in a separate software update to be released in December . Google also extended device warranty to two years for both devices worldwide . The Pixel 2 XL has an issue where the screen may flash randomly . It occurs when the phone is locked or unlocked . The issue was fixed in the June system software update , but returned back with the July update . Audio issues ( edit ) Hundreds of Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL owners have been complaining of high - pitched and clicking sounds coming from the phone . Google investigated the issue and recommended turning off NFC to temporarily fix the problem until a software update comes out . The November security patch fixed the clicking sound as well as the KRACK WPA2 Wi - Fi security issue , however , it did not fix the buzzing sounds heard during calls on some devices . Google has promised a fix in a future update . The Pixel 2 XL has a volume flaw that reduces the sound level of audio clips sent through messaging apps such as Google Allo , Instagram , and Telegram among others . Google is aware of the problem and is looking into it . Some of the USB - C to 3.5 mm adapters for the headphones do not work . In some cases , rebooting the phone can fix the issue temporarily . Google is offering replacements for the faulty adapters . Some Pixel 2 XL suffer from speaker rattling when playing content or even during phone calls . Multiple users reported that the microphone can randomly stop working . A possible solution is to blow into the microphone . Some units suffer from Bluetooth connectivity issues . There is an issue where Google Assistant does not work with some Bluetooth headphones . Other issues ( edit ) The Pixel 2 XL comes with a charger capable of fast charging at 18 W , but the phone is not able to charge at more than 10.5 W , taking two and a half hours for a full charge . Below 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ) the charging speed is just a mere 3 - 4W , but the phone will still display `` Charging rapidly '' , which is misleading . The phones are known to randomly reboot . Google promised a fix in the coming weeks . The random reboots are believed to be caused by the LTE modem . The Android 8.1 release in 2017 did not fix the problem . The Android 8.1 update introduces a regression in the Pixel 2 XL making the fingerprint sensor slower . Google is investigating the issue . The phones have issues with Wi - Fi mesh networks , where disconnects are common . Google is already investigating this issue . Users started reporting battery drain issues after the February security update . The battery drain become worse after the April security updates . Google is looking for a fix . Users are reporting proximity sensor issues . Google is aware of the issue and looking for a fix . Some users are having issues making calls and receiving MMS messages . Google claims these issues are fixed but users are still complaining about them . The Pixel 2 produces blurry panoramas . Google has known about this issue since December 2017 , but has not been able to deliver a fix . There is a workaround for this issue but it requires root , and a full wipe as the phone can not be rooted without full wipe . Google has promised a fix later in 2018 . The June OTA update introduces a performance regression making the phone much slower to wake up from sleep . Google is already aware of the issue and looking for a fix . The camera has an issue where it sometimes shows `` fatal camera error '' . Google is aware of the issue and working on a fix . Fixed issues ( edit ) Some Pixel 2 XL devices also fail to register touch near the edges of the screen . Android 8.1 fixes this issue . Some Pixel 2 XL units suffer from poor audio recording quality . The recorded audio is high - pitched and distorted . Android 8.1 fixes this issue . Some Pixel 2 XL devices were shipped to consumers without an operating system , rendering them unusable . Many users are reporting that unlocked devices have a locked bootloader . Google fixed the issue , but the solution includes factory resetting the device . Sales ( edit ) In the United States , Verizon and Project Fi are the exclusive carriers for the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL . They are available direct - to - consumer for use on any wireless network through Google 's online store , or from Best Buy and Target . On March 21 , 2018 , Google did a temporary offer if a consumer financed a Pixel for 2 years the consumer receives $200 cashback , to compete with the Samsung Galaxy S9 and iPhone X . The promotion ended March 31 , 2018 . On July 9th , 2018 , Google reduced the Pixel 2 XL price significantly . 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Archived from the original on October 25 , 2017 . Retrieved October 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Amadeo , Ron ( February 6 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram , Snapchat , and WhatsApp get better photos on the Pixel 2 '' . Ars Technica . Archived from the original on February 6 , 2018 . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Amadeo , Ron ( October 17 , 2017 ) . `` Surprise ! The Pixel 2 is hiding a custom Google SoC for image processing '' . Ars Technica . Archived from the original on October 18 , 2017 . Retrieved October 19 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google on Pixel 2 's Noisy 4K Videos , RAW and Manual Modes , 4K@60fps , More '' . NDTV Gadgets360.com . Archived from the original on November 21 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Explains Decisions Made on the Pixel 2 Camera '' . xda - developers . November 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Galaxy Note 8 crushes iPhone X and Pixel 2 in OIS video recording comparison Archived December 26 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 '' . Google Store . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 and 2 XL review -- The best Android phone you can buy Ars Technica Archived January 7 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL : Specs , pricing , and everything else ! '' . Android Central . October 4 , 2017 . Archived from the original on September 11 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google guarantees three years of Android software updates for the Pixel 2 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on December 10 , 2017 . Retrieved December 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` How to enable Now Playing on your Google Pixel 2 '' . Android Central . October 25 , 2017 . Archived from the original on February 9 , 2018 . Retrieved February 8 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Hager , Ryne . `` Android 8.1 OTA files and factory images are now live '' . Android Police . Illogical Robot LLC . Archived from the original on January 14 , 2018 . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 reviewed : Sets new record for overall smartphone camera quality - DxOMark '' . DxOMark . October 4 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL : Google takes on the iPhone X '' . CNET . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Biggs , Tim ( October 5 , 2017 ) . `` Google announces Pixel 2 smartphones and a whole host of other hardware '' . The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 's missing headphone jack proves Apple was right '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Retrieved October 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Gartenberg , Chaim . `` Google 's replacement Pixel 2 USB - C headphone dongles cost $20 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 4 , 2017 . Retrieved October 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google 's Replacement USB - C Headphone Adaptor Will Cost You £ 20 '' . Gizmodo UK . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google drops price of its USB - C to headphone jack dongle down to $9 from $20 '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Copying Apple , Google mercifully drops its $20 Pixel USB - C headphone dongle to $9 '' . 9to5Google . October 13 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Williams , Brett . `` Google avoids the wrath of wired headphone lovers , cuts Pixel 2 dongle price '' . Mashable . Archived from the original on October 15 , 2017 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Smith , Chris ( October 20 , 2017 ) . `` Forget the Pixel 2 's display problems , Google 's new flagships are far too fragile '' . BGR . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 torture test shows just how destructible the handset 's ' premium coating ' really is '' . 9to5Google . October 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Brown , Aaron ( October 22 , 2017 ) . `` Google Pixel 2 might have the same problem as iPhone 6 Plus , and this video shows why '' . Daily Express . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 review : plainly great '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on January 24 , 2018 . Retrieved January 10 , 2018 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL drama is undermining Google 's entire Pixel project '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 4 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Why I am put off by the Pixel 2 XL display , but you might not be '' . Android Authority . October 20 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL screen blue tint likely caused by poorly applied polarizer '' . Phone Arena . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google says that the Pixel 2 XL display 's blue shift is normal , much to owners ' dissatisfaction '' . Android Police . October 26 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 28 , 2017 . Retrieved November 2 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Groups '' . Google . Archived from the original on May 5 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL would be the best phone in the world if its screen was n't so weird '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google could be forced to recall £ 1000 Pixel 2 XL after screen burn pics emerge TheINQUIRER '' . theINQUIRER . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2017 . Retrieved October 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 `` black smearing , '' `` clicking , '' and speaker volume issues reported `` . Android Authority . October 24 , 2017 . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2017 . Retrieved October 24 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL 's pOLED display has a ' black smear ' problem that 's definitely worse than average '' . 9to5Google . October 24 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 8 , 2017 . Retrieved November 9 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google responds to Pixel 2 XL screen burn - in and color concerns with upcoming software updates , 2 - year warranty '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google updates Pixel 2 XL with new ' saturated ' color display option and other bug fixes '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` November security patch adds color modes & burn - in protections to Pixel 2 , Pixel 2 XL '' . 9to5Google . November 7 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google responds to Pixel 2 issues : Extended warranty and updates '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some Google Pixel 2 XL owners reporting screen flashing issue w / Always - On Display and lockscreen ( Video ) '' . 9to5Google . November 8 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 9 , 2017 . Retrieved November 10 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Did July OTA re-trigger Pixel 2 screen flashing issue ? Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 phones are making strange noises '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on October 29 , 2017 . Retrieved October 30 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google plans software update to fix Pixel 2 clicking sound '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 26 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Kumparak , Greg . `` Google responds to Pixel 2 XL display complaints , promises fix for ' clicking ' noise on the Pixel 2 '' . TechCrunch . Archived from the original on October 27 , 2017 . Retrieved October 27 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google will issue a fix for Pixel 2 's buzzing sounds heard during calls '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 20 , 2017 . Retrieved November 21 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 XL Users Report Voice Messaging Issue , Google Promises Fix Archived January 13 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL owners claiming included headphone adapter does n't work '' . December 18 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL headphone adapter not working for some folks '' . December 19 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some are experiencing a rattling or buzzing problem with the Pixel 2 XL 's speakers '' . December 21 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 mic not working during calls ? Try blowing into bottom speaker - GSMArena.com news Archived November 9 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Some Pixel 2 users are reporting Bluetooth connectivity issues '' . Android Central . November 3 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 1 , 2017 . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 bug prevents Google Assistant from working on Bluetooth headphones '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Siegal , Jacob ( November 6 , 2017 ) . `` Another Google Pixel 2 XL issue arises as users report slow battery charging '' . BGR . Archived from the original on November 7 , 2017 . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ The Pixel 2 charges much more slowly below certain temperatures , but it does n't tell you that Archived February 19 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google will fix Pixel 2 reboot issues `` in the coming weeks '' - The Verge Archived November 28 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Random Reboots On The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL Caused By LTE Modem Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google Pixel 2 XL fingerprint scanner slower following Android 8.1 update '' . December 18 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Pixel 2 XL fingerprint sensor slower after 8.1 update '' . December 17 , 2017 . Archived from the original on December 22 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Google looking into Pixel 2 WiFi disconnect issue on mesh networks Archived December 25 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Pixel 2 battery drain issue being looked into , Google says Archived February 25 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 battery drainage mess got worse in April Archived May 1 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Fix In The Works For Google Pixel 2 Proximity Sensor Issues Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 Users Experience MMS Issue And Outgoing Call Delay Jump up ^ Google claims Pixel 2 MMS issues fixed despite continued reports Archived April 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google says that the Pixel 2 / 2 XL MMS issues have been fixed , but users are still complaining Archived April 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google Pixel 2 owners reporting blurry panoramas Archived April 15 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google still has n't fixed the Pixel 2 's 8 - month - old panorama issue , so someone made a workaround ( root required ) Jump up ^ June OTA update may have made the Pixel 2 XL much slower to wake up Archived June 6 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google `` working on a fix '' for long - standing Pixel 2 camera problem Jump up ^ `` The Pixel 2 XL has another screen issue : unresponsive edges '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on November 13 , 2017 . Retrieved November 13 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Some Pixel 2 XL touchscreens are unresponsive near the edges . Fixed in DP2 Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google 's Pixel 2 XL also appears to suffer from poor audio recording quality '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on October 30 , 2017 . Retrieved October 31 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Android 8.1 DP2 fixes poor audio Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL experienced when recording video Archived December 6 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google is apparently shipping some Pixel 2 XLs without an operating system '' . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Some Google Pixel 2 XL phones are reportedly shipping without Android '' . Engadget . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Morris , Ian . `` Google 's New Pixel Failure Sees Customers Getting A Totally Unusable Phone '' . Forbes . Archived from the original on November 3 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Haselton , Todd ( November 2 , 2017 ) . `` Some of Google 's new Pixel 2 XL phones are being shipped without Android installed '' . CNBC . Archived from the original on November 2 , 2017 . Retrieved November 3 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Some Pixel 2 devices bought from the Google Store seem to have locked - down bootloaders - Android Authority Archived November 17 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ More users chime in about Google Pixel 2 devices with locked bootloaders - Neowin Archived November 19 , 2017 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Google fixes disabled bootloader unlock on Pixel 2 phones '' . Android Police . November 21 , 2017 . Archived from the original on November 22 , 2017 . Retrieved November 23 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Where to Get the Best Deal on the New Pixel 2 '' . Fortune . Archived from the original on February 3 , 2018 . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . Jump up ^ Google Slashes Pixel 2 XL Price To Fight Off iPhone X And Galaxy S9 Archived March 24 , 2018 , at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Google 's new Pixel 2 XL deal is making it tough to wait for the Pixel 3 Jump up ^ Google 's summer sale cuts Home Max and Pixel 2 XL prices Jump up ^ Huge Deal : Pixel 2 XL Price Slashed by $300 External links ( edit ) Official website Google Pixel Smartphones Pixel & Pixel XL Pixel 2 & Pixel 2 XL Chromebooks Chromebook Pixel ( 2013 ) and ( 2015 ) Pixelbook Tablets Pixel C Accessories Pixel Buds Google Overview Alphabet Inc . 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[question]: What are the names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017?
[answer]: The names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017 are Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL. | What are the names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017? | The names of the smartphones announced by Google on October 4, 2017 are Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL. | 1 | 7.293986 | 19 | 56 | 1 |
731 | -8,503,009,175,492,475,000 | Medical school | Medical school - wikipedia Medical school Jump to : navigation , search For trade associations for medical professionals , see Medical college . `` Med school '' redirects here . For the experimental music label , see Hospital Records . See also : Medical education and List of medical schools This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( December 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A medical school is a tertiary educational institution -- or part of such an institution -- that teaches medicine , and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons . Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS , MBChB , BMBS ) , Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) , or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine ( DO ) . Many medical schools offer additional degrees , such as a Doctor of Philosophy , Master 's degree , a physician assistant program , or other post-secondary education . Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals . Around the world , criteria , structure , teaching methodology , and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably . Medical schools are often highly competitive , using standardized entrance examinations , as well as grade point average and leadership roles , to narrow the selection criteria for candidates . In most countries , the study of medicine is completed as an undergraduate degree not requiring prerequisite undergraduate coursework . However , an increasing number of places are emerging for graduate entrants who have completed an undergraduate degree including some required courses . In the United States and Canada , almost all medical degrees are second entry degrees , and require several years of previous study at the university level . Medical degrees are awarded to medical students after the completion of their degree program , which typically lasts five or more years for the undergraduate model and four years for the graduate model . Many modern medical schools integrate clinical education with basic sciences from the beginning of the curriculum ( e.g. ) . More traditional curricula are usually divided into preclinical and clinical blocks . In preclinical sciences , students study subjects such as biochemistry , genetics , pharmacology , pathology , anatomy , physiology and medical microbiology , among others . Subsequent clinical rotations usually include internal medicine , general surgery , pediatrics , psychiatry , and obstetrics and gynecology , among others . Although medical schools confer upon graduates a medical degree , a physician typically may not legally practice medicine until licensed by the local government authority . Licensing may also require passing a test , undergoing a criminal background check , checking references , paying a fee , and undergoing several years of postgraduate training . Medical schools are regulated by each country and appear in the World Directory of Medical Schools which was formed by the merger of the AVICENNA Directory for medicine and the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory . Contents ( hide ) 1 Africa 1.1 Ghana 1.2 Kenya 1.3 Nigeria 1.4 South Africa 1.5 Sudan 1.6 Tunisia 1.7 Uganda 1.8 Zimbabwe 2 Americas 2.1 Argentina 2.2 Bolivia 2.3 Brazil 2.4 Canada 2.5 Caribbean 2.6 Curaçao 2.7 Chile 2.8 Colombia 2.9 El Salvador 2.10 Guyana 2.11 Haiti 2.12 Panama 2.13 United States 2.14 Uruguay 2.15 Venezuela 3 Asia and Oceania 3.1 Australia 3.2 Bangladesh 3.3 Cambodia 3.4 Hong Kong 3.5 India 3.6 Indonesia 3.7 Iran 3.8 Israel 3.9 Japan 3.10 Jordan 3.11 Kyrgyzstan 3.12 Lebanon 3.13 Malaysia 3.14 Myanmar 3.15 Nepal 3.16 New Zealand 3.17 Pakistan 3.18 People 's Republic of China 3.19 Philippines 3.20 Republic of China ( Taiwan ) 3.21 Saudi Arabia 3.22 Singapore 3.23 South Korea 3.24 Sri Lanka 3.25 Thailand 4 Europe 4.1 Albania 4.2 Austria 4.3 Belarus 4.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.5 Bulgaria 4.6 Croatia 4.7 Czech Republic 4.8 Denmark 4.9 Finland 4.10 France 4.11 Germany 4.12 Greece 4.13 Hungary 4.14 Iceland 4.15 Ireland 4.16 Italy 4.17 Lithuania 4.18 Netherlands and Belgium 4.19 Norway 4.20 Poland 4.21 Portugal 4.22 Romania 4.23 Russia 4.24 Sweden 4.25 Switzerland 4.26 Turkey 4.27 Ukraine 4.28 United Kingdom 5 Medical students 5.1 Bullying 5.2 Burnout and depression 6 See also 7 Notes and references 8 External links Africa ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Africa By 2005 there were more than 100 medical schools across Africa , most of which had been established after 1970 . Ghana ( edit ) There are seven medical schools in Ghana : The University of Ghana Medical School in Accra , the KNUST School of Medical Sciences in Kumasi , University for Development Studies School of Medicine in Tamale , University of Cape Coast Medical School and the University of Allied Health Sciences in Ho , Volta Region , the leading private medical school in Ghana - the Accra College of Medicine , and Family Health Medical School another private medical school . Basic Medical education lasts 6 years in all the medical schools . Entry into these medical schools are highly competitive and it is usually based on successful completion of the Senior High School Examinations . The University of Ghana Medical School has however introduced a graduate entry medical program to admit students with mainly science - related degrees into a 4 - year medical school program . Students graduating from any of these medical schools get the MBChB degree and the title `` Dr '' . For the First 3 years Students are awarded BSc in the field of Medical science for University of Ghana medical school ; and Human biology for KNUST and UDS medical schools . The University of Ghana Medical School and KNUST School of Medical Sciences in Kumasi use the Tradition medical education model whiles University for Development Studies School of Medicine uses the Problem - based learning model . Medical graduates are then registered provisionally with the Medical and Dental Council ( MDC ) of Ghana as House Officers ( Interns ) . Upon completion of the mandatory 2 - year housemanship , these medical doctors are permanently registered with the MDC and can practice as medical officers ( General Practitioners ) anywhere in the country . The housemanship training is done only in hospitals accredited for such purposes by the Medical and Dental Council of Ghana Following the permanent registration with the medical and dental council , doctors can specialize in any of the various fields that is organized by either the West African college of Physicians and Surgeons or the Ghana College of Physician and Surgeons . Medical officers are also sometimes hired by the Ghana Health Service to work in the Districts / Rural areas as Primary Care Physicians . Kenya ( edit ) In Kenya , medical school is a faculty of a university . Medical education lasts for 5 years after which the student graduates with an undergraduate ( MBChB ) degree . This is followed by a mandatory 12 - month full - time internship at an approved hospital after which one applies for registration with the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board if they intend to practice medicine in the country . The first two years of medical school cover the basic medical ( preclinical ) sciences while the last four years are focused on the clinical sciences and internship . There are no medical school entry examinations or interviews and admission is based on students ' performance in the high school exit examination ( Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education - KCSE ) . Students who took the AS Level or the SAT can also apply but there is a very strict quota limiting the number of students that get accepted into public universities . This quota does not apply to private universities . There are four established public medical schools : University of Nairobi ( oldest , established 1967 ) Moi University in Eldoret ( established in the 1980s with major support from the Indiana University School of Medicine - USA , and with whom there remain significant ties ) Kenyatta University at Kahawa ( established 2004 ) Egerton University in Nakuru ( established in 2007 ) Jomo Kanyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Maseno University Both Nairobi and Moi Universities run post graduate medical training programs that run over 3 years and lead to the award of master of medicine , MMed , in the respective specialty . There has been progress made by the Aga Khan University in Karachi , Pakistan and the Aga Khan University Hospital ( AKUH ) in Nairobi towards the establishment of a Health Sciences University in Kenya with an associated medical school . AKUH in Nairobi , already offers post graduate MMed programmes . These are run over 4 years . Completion of formal specialty training in Kenya is followed by two years of supervised clinical work before one can apply for recognition as a specialist , in their respective field , by the medical board . Nigeria ( edit ) There are several medical schools in Nigeria . Entrance into these schools is highly competitive . Candidates graduating from high school must attain high scores on the West African Examination Council 's ( WAEC ) Senior School Certificate Exam ( SSCE / GCE ) and high scores in four subjects ( Physics , English , Chemistry , and Biology ) in the University Matriculation Examination ( UME ) . Students undergo rigorous training for 6 years and culminate with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS / MBChB ) . The undergraduate program is six years and one year of work experience in government hospitals . After medical school , graduates are mandated to spend one year of housemanship ( internship ) and one year of community service before they are eligible to be fully licensed by the Medical and Dental Council . South Africa ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in South Africa ; Healthcare in South Africa ; Category : Teaching hospitals in South Africa Related : Dental degree # South Africa There are eight medical schools in South Africa , each under the auspices of a public university . As the country is a former British colony , most of the institutions follow the British - based undergraduate method of instruction , admitting students directly from high school into a 6 or occasionally five - year program . Some universities such as the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and the University of Cape Town have started offering post-graduate medical degrees that run concurrently with their undergraduate programs . In this instance , a student having completed an appropriate undergraduate degree with basic sciences can enter into a four - year postgraduate program . South African medical schools award the MBChB degree , except the University of the Witwatersrand , which styles its degree MBBCh . Some universities allow students to earn an intercalated degree , completing a BSc ( Medical ) with an additional year of study after the second or third year of the MBChB . The University of Cape Town , in particular , has spearheaded a recent effort to increase the level of medical research training and exposure of medical students through an Intercalated Honours Programme , with the option to extend this to a PhD . Following successful completion of study , all South African medical graduates must complete a two - year internship as well as a further year of community service in order to register with the Health Professions Council and practice as a doctor in the country . Specialisation is usually a five - to seven - year training process ( depending on the specialty ) requiring registering as a medical registrar attached to an academic clinical department in a large teaching hospital with appropriate examinations . The specialist qualification may be conferred as a Fellowship by the independent Colleges of Medicine of South Africa ( CMSA ) , following British tradition , or as a Magisterial degree by the university ( usually the M Med , Master of Medicine , degree ) . The Medical schools and the CMSA also offer Higher Diplomas in many fields . Research degrees are the M. Med and Ph. D. or M.D. , depending on university . Medical students from all over the world come to South Africa to gain practical experience in the country 's many teaching hospitals and rural clinics . The language of instruction is English but a few indigenous languages are studied briefly . The University of the Free State has a parallel medium policy , meaning all English classes are also presented in Afrikaans , therefore students who choose to study in Afrikaans , do so separately from the English class . Sudan ( edit ) In Sudan , medical school is a faculty of a university . Medical school is usually 6 years , and by the end of the 6 years the students acquires a bachelor 's degree of Medicine and Surgery . Post graduating there is a mandatory one - year full - time internship at one of the university or Government Teaching hospitals , then a license is issued . During the first three years the curriculum is completed , and throughout the next three years it is repeated with practical training . Students with high grades are accepted for free in Government Universities . Students who score a grade less than the required would have to pay and must also acquire a still high grade . Students who take foreign examinations other than the Sudanese High School Examination are also accepted in Universities , students taking IGCSE / SATs and other Arabian countries . All medical students who want to be enrolled in internship program , should undergo registration under the Sudanese Medical Council . Tunisia ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) In Tunisia , education is free for all Tunisian citizens and for foreigners who have scholarships . The oldest Medical school is a faculty of the University of Tunis . There are four medicine faculties situated in the major cities of Tunis , Sfax , Sousse and Monastir . Admission is bound to the success and score in the baccalaureate examination . Admission score threshold is very high , based on competition among all applicants throughout the nation . Medical school curriculum consists of five years . The first two years are medical theory , containing all basic sciences related to medicine , and the last three years consists of clinical issues related to all medical specialties . During these last three years , the student gets the status of `` Externe '' . The student has to attend at the university hospital every day , rotating around all wards . Every period is followed by a clinical exam regarding the student 's knowledge in that particular specialty . After those five years , there are two years on internship , in which the student is a physician but under the supervision of the chief doctor ; the student rotates over the major and most essential specialties during period of four months each . After that , student has the choice of either passing the residency national exam or extending his internship for another year , after which he gains the status of family physician . The residency program consists of four to five years in the specialty he qualifies , depending on his score in the national residency examination under the rule of highest score chooses first . Whether the student chooses to be a family doctor or a specialist , he has to make a doctorate thesis , which he will be defending in front of a jury , after which he gains his degree of Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) . Uganda ( edit ) Main article : Medical school in Uganda As of April 2017 , there are nine accredited medical schools in Uganda . Training leading to the award of the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBChB ) lasts five years , if there are no re-takes . After graduating , a year of internship in a hospital designated for that purpose , under the supervision of a specialist in that discipline is required before an unrestricted license to practice medicine and surgery is granted by the Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners Council ( UMDPC ) . There is Postgraduate training such as the degree of Master of Medicine ( MMed ) which is a three - year programme , available at Makerere University School of Medicine in several disciplines . Makerere University School of Public Health , offers the degree of Master of Public Health ( MPH ) following a twenty - two ( 22 ) - month period of study , which includes field work . Zimbabwe ( edit ) In Zimbabwe there are three medical schools is offering Medical degrees . For undergrads , these are University of Zimbabwe - College of Health Sciences ( MBChB ) , National University of Science and Technology ( NUST ) Medical school ( MBBS ) and Midlands State University ( MSU ) ( MBChB ) . Only UZ is offering postgrad degrees in the Medical faculty . Training lasts 5 1 / 2 years . The curriculum is as follows : Part 1 ( 1 year ) -- Biochemistry , Communication Skills for Academic Purposes , Anatomy , Physiology and Behavioral Sciences . Professional exams are written in the first two and failure to attain a pass in Biochemistry warranties a repeat of first year . Part 2 ( 1 year ) -- Communication Skills for Professional Purposes , Anatomy , Physiology , Behavioral Sciences . Professional exams are written at the end of second year and failure to attain a passmark in any of the last three courses on the list warranties a repeat of the year . Communication Skills can be carried to the next year , but the student should pass the course before graduation . Part 3 ( 1.5 years ) -- Pathology ( Histopathology ) , Medical Microbiology , Chemical Pathology , Hematology , Forensic Pathology , Immunology and Toxicology . A professional exam is written at the end of the third year and the student has to pass to proceed . There are also surgery and medicine rotations during the year . Also , the students cover most of the basic Pharmacology during the third stage of the degrees . Part 4 ( 1 year ) -- Community Medicine , Psychiatry and Clinical Pharmacology Part 5 ( 1 year ) -- Medicine , Surgery , Obstetrics and Gynecology , Pediatrics Internship is 2 years duration , with the first year spent in medicine and surgery and the second year doing pediatrics , anesthesia / psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology . Thereafter one can apply for MMED at the university which last 4 -- 5 years depending on specialty . Currently no subspecialist education is available . Americas ( edit ) Medical student at a laboratory at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education , Mexico City . Argentina ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Argentina Medical degree programs in Argentina typically are six years long , with some universities opting for 7 year programs . Each one of the 3000 medical students who graduate each year in Argentina are required before graduation to dedicate a minimum of 8 months to community service without pay ; although in some provinces ( especially round the more developed south ) there are government - funded hospitals who pay for this work . Some universities have cultural exchange programmes that allow a medical student in their final year to serve their community time overseas . Upon graduation , one of the following degrees is obtained , according to the university : Doctor of Medicine , or both Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Surgery . Public universities usually confer both degrees , and private universities bestow only Doctor of Medicine . In daily practice , however , there is no substantial difference between what a Doctor of Medicine or a Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Surgery are allowed to do . When the degree is obtained , a record is created for that new doctor in the index of the National Ministry of Education ( Ministerio Nacional de Educación ) and the physician is given their corresponding medical practitioner 's ID , which is a number that identifies him and his academic achievements . In addition , there is a provincial ID , i.e. a number to identify doctors in the province they practise medicine in . Doctors wishing to pursue a speciality must take entrance exams at the public / private institution of their choice that offers them . It is easier for students in private Medical Schools to obtain a residency in a Private Hospital , especially when the university has its own hospital , as the university holds positions specifically for its graduates . Speciality courses last about two to five years , depending on the branch of medicine the physician has chosen . There is no legal limit for the number of specialities a doctor can learn , although most doctors choose to do one and then they sub-specialise for further job opportunities and less overall competition , along with higher wages . In Argentina there are public and private medical schools , however the prestige of the public institutions is undeniable and the private institutions do not normally appear in international rankings . A person who can afford to attend a private university , quite expensive for the average Argentinian , will choose that option over public education because of the smaller groups of students in each class and because of the lack of strictness in course evaluation . By law entrance into public institutions is open and tuition - free to all who have a high school diploma , and universities are expressly forbidden from restricting access with difficult entrance exams . Point in case , in 2016 La Universidad Nacional de la Plata was obligated by the governing bodies to stop forcing its students to write an entrance exam . As a result , that university experienced a major increase in the size of its student population . When it comes to educational quality , la Universidad de Buenos Aires , a public university , is widely recognised as the top medical school in the country . Bolivia ( edit ) In Bolivia , all medical schools are faculties within a university and offer a five - year M.D. equivalent . To acquire a license to exercise medical science from the government , all students must also complete 1 year and 3 months of internship . This consists of 3 months each of surgery , internal medicine , gynecology , pediatrics and public health . At least one of the internships must be done in a rural area of the country . After getting the degree and license , a doctor may take a post-graduate residency in order to acquire a specialty . Brazil ( edit ) The Brazilian medical schools follow the European model of a six - year curriculum , divided into three cycles of two years each . The first two years are called basic cycle ( ciclo básico ) . During this time students are instructed in the basic sciences ( anatomy , physiology , pharmacology , immunology etc . ) with activities integrated with the medical specialties , allowing the student an overview of the practical application of such content . After its completion , the students advance to the clinical cycle ( ciclo clinico ) . At this stage contacts with patients intensify and work with tests and diagnostics , putting into practice what was learned in the first two years . The last two are called cycle internship ( ciclo do internato ) . In this last step the students focus on clinical practice , through training in teaching hospitals and clinics . The teaching of this last step respecting an axis of increasing complexity , enabling students to make decisions and participate effectively in form and operative care under the direct supervision of faculty and qualified to act as teaching aids physicians . The performance of the internal develops redemption of ethical and humanistic dimensions of care , causing the student to recognize the values and principles that guide the physician - patient relationship . After six years of training , students graduate and are awarded the title of physician ( Médico ) allowing them to register with the Regional Council of Medicine ( Conselho Regional de Medicina ) . The recent graduate will be able to exercise the medical profession as a general practitioner and may apply to undertake postgraduate training . In 2012 , the Regional Council of Medicine of São Paulo ( Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo ) established that physicians who graduate from this year must pass a test to obtain professional registration . Passing the exam , however , is not linked to obtaining registration . It required only the presence of the candidate and the test performance . Already at the national level , pending in the Senate a bill creating the National Proficiency Examination in Medicine ( Exame Nacional de Proficiência em Medicina ) , which would make the race a prerequisite for the exercise of profession . Physicians who want to join a specialization program must undergo a new selection examination considered as competitive as that required to join a medical school . Works in health institutions under the guidance of medical professionals with high ethical and professional qualification . The specialization programs are divided into two categories : direct access and prerequisite . The specialties with direct access are those in which the doctor can enroll without having any prior expertise . Any physicians can apply to examinations for these specialties , regardless of time of training or prior experience . To apply to proprietary pre-requisite , the doctor should have already completed a specialty prior . The programs may range from 2 to 6 . In Brazil are currently recognized by the Federal Council of Medicine , the Brazilian Medical Association and the National Commission of Medical Residency 53 residency programs . Fully complied with , gives the title of resident physician specialist . Canada ( edit ) Toronto Faculty of Medicine Main article : Medical school in Canada See also : List of medical schools in Canada In 2013 , the Association of American Medical Colleges lists 17 accredited MD - granting medical schools in Canada . In Canada , a medical school is a faculty or school of a university that offers a three - or four - year Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. or M.D.C.M. ) degree . Generally , medical students begin their studies after receiving a bachelor 's degree in another field , often one of the biological sciences . However , admittance can still be granted during third and fourth year . Minimum requirements for admission vary by region from two to four years of post-secondary study . The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada publishes a detailed AFMC.ca , guide to admission requirements of Canadian faculties of medicine on a yearly basis . Admission offers are made by individual medical schools , generally on the basis of a personal statement , undergraduate record ( GPA ) , scores on the Medical College Admission Test ( MCAT ) , and interviews . Volunteer work is often an important criterion considered by admission committees . All four medical schools in Quebec and two Ontario schools ( University of Ottawa , Northern Ontario School of Medicine ) do not require the MCAT . McMaster requires that the MCAT be written , though they only look for particular scores ( 6 or better ) on the verbal reasoning portion of the test . The first half of the medical curriculum is dedicated mostly to teaching the basic sciences relevant to medicine . Teaching methods can include traditional lectures , problem - based learning , laboratory sessions , simulated patient sessions , and limited clinical experiences . The remainder of medical school is spent in clerkship . Clinical clerks participate in the day - to - day management of patients . They are supervised and taught during this clinical experience by residents and fully licensed staff physicians . Students enter into the Canadian Resident Matching Service , commonly abbreviated as CaRMS in the fall of their final year . Students rank their preferences of hospitals and specialties . A computerized matching system determines placement for residency positions . ' Match Day ' usually occurs in March , a few months before graduation . The length of post-graduate training varies with choice of specialty . During the final year of medical school , students complete part 1 of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination ( MCCQE ) . Upon completion of the final year of medical school , students are awarded the degree of M.D. Students then begin training in the residency program designated to them by CaRMS . Part 2 of the MCCQE , an Objective Structured Clinical Examination , is taken following completion of twelve months of residency training . After both parts of the MCCQE are successfully completed , the resident becomes a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada . However , in order to practice independently , the resident must complete the residency program and take a board examination pertinent to his or her intended scope of practice . In the final year of residency training , residents take an exam administered by either the College of Family Physicians of Canada or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada , depending on whether they are seeking certification in family medicine or another specialty . Caribbean ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in the Caribbean In 2011 , the International Medical Education Directory listed 59 current medical schools in the Caribbean . 54 grant the MD degree , 3 grant the MBBS degree , and 2 grant either the MD or MBBS degree . 30 of the medical schools in the Caribbean are regional , which train students to practice in the country or region where the school is located . The remaining 29 Caribbean medical schools are known as offshore schools , which primarily train students from the United States and Canada who intend to return home for residency and clinical practice after graduation . At most offshore schools , basic sciences are completed in the Caribbean while clinical clerkships are completed at teaching hospitals in the United States . Several agencies may also accredit Caribbean medical schools , as listed in the FAIMER Directory of Organizations that Recognize / Accredit Medical Schools ( DORA ) . 25 of the 29 regional medical schools in the Caribbean are accredited , while 14 of the 30 offshore medical schools are accredited . Curaçao ( edit ) Curaçao currently ( 2015 ) , has 5 medical schools and one other medical university under construction . The majority are located within the city of Willemstad . All six medical schools on the island of Curaçao , only provide education in Basic Medical Science ( BMS ) which goes towards the degree of Medical Doctor or Doctor of Medicine ( 2016 ) . Presently , none of the medical schools offer other degrees ; such as MBBS or PhD ( 2016 ) . All students after completing their medical school 's Basic Medical Science program in Curaçao ; will then have to apply to either take USMLE Step Exams , The Canadian or UK Board Exams . A large percentage of these medical students who attend these medical schools in Curaçao are either from North America , Africa , Europe or Asia . Chile ( edit ) In Chile , there are 21 medical schools . Principal medical schools are Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile in Santiago , Universidad de Chile , Universidad de Concepción and Universidad de Santiago de Chile . The pre-grade studies are distributed in 7 years , where the last 2 are the internship , that include at least surgery , internal medicine , gynecology and pediatrics . After getting the degree of Licenciate in Medicine ( General Medicine ) the M.D. must pass a medicine knowledge exam called National Unic Exam of Medical Knowledge ( EUNACOM `` Examen Único Nacional de Conocimientos de Medicina '' in Spanish ) and can take a direct specialty or work before in primary attention in order to gain access to a residency . Colombia ( edit ) In Colombia , there are 50 medical schools listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools , 27 of which have active programs and are currently registered and accredited as high - quality programs by the Colombian Ministry of Education . The main medical programs are offered by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Universidad del Rosario , Universidad El Bosque , Universidad de los Andes , Universidad del Valle , Universidad de Antioquia , and Universidad de la Sabana . Most programs require between 6 -- 7 years of study , and all offer a Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) degree . In some cases the school also allows for a second degree to be studied for at the same time ( this is chosen by the student , though most students end up needing to do alternate semesters between their degrees , and mostly in careers like microbiology or biomedical engineering ) . For example , the Universidad de los Andes has a program whereby the medical student could graduate with both an MD and a Master of Business Administration ( MBA ) degree , or an MD and a master 's degree in public health . Admission to medical school varies with the school , but is usually dependent on a combination of a general application to the university , an entrance exam , a personal statement or interview , and secondary ( high ) school performance mostly as reflected on the ICFES score ( the grade received on the state exam in the final year of secondary / high school ) . In most medical programs , the first two years deal with basic scientific courses ( cellular and molecular biology , chemistry , organic chemistry , mathematics , and physics ) , and the core medical sciences ( anatomy , embryology , histology , physiology , and biochemistry ) . The following year may change in how it is organized in different schools , but is usually organ system - based pathophysiology and therapeutics ( general and systems pathology , pharmacology , microbiology , parasitology , immunology , and medical genetics are also taught in this block ) . In the first two years , the programs also usually begin the courses in the epidemiology track ( which may or may not include biostatistics ) , a clinical skills track ( semiology and the clinical examination ) , a social medicine / public health track , and a medical ethics and communication skills track . Modes of training vary , but are usually based on lectures , simulations , standardized - patient sessions , problem - based learning sessions , seminars , and observational clinical experiences . By year three , most schools have begun the non-elective , clinical - rotation block with accompanying academic courses ( these include but are not limited to internal medicine , pediatrics , general surgery , anaesthesiology , orthopaedics , gynaecology and obstetrics , emergency medicine , neurology , psychiatry , oncology , urology , physical medicine and rehabilitation , ophthalmology , and otorhinolaryngology ) . Elective rotations are usually introduced in the fourth or fifth year , though as in the case of the non-elective rotations , the hospitals the medical students may be placed in or apply to for a given rotation depend entirely on the medical schools . This is important in terms of the medical training , given the particular distinction of patients , pathologies , procedures , and skills seen and learned in private vs. public hospitals in Colombia . Most schools , however , have placements in both types of hospitals for many specialties . The final year of medical school in Colombia is referred to as the internship year ( `` internado '' ) . The internship year is usually divided into two semesters . The first semester is made up of obligatory rotations that every student does though in different orders , and the medical intern serves in 5 - 7 different specialties , typically including internal medicine , paediatrics , general surgery , anaesthesiology , orthopaedics , gynaecology and obstetrics , and emergency medicine . The extent of the responsibilities of the intern varies with the hospital , as does the level of supervision and teaching , but generally , medical interns in Colombia extensively take , write , and review clinical histories , answer and discuss referrals with their seniors , do daily progress notes for the patients under their charge , participate in the service rounds , present and discuss patients at rounds , serve shifts , assist in surgical procedures , and assist in general administrative tasks . Sometimes , they are charged with ordering diagnostic testing , but , under Colombian law they can not prescribe medication as they are not graduate physicians . This , of course , are to be completed in addition to their academic responsibilities . The second semester is made up of elective rotations , which can be at home or abroad , in the form of clerkships or observerships . A final graduation requirement is to sit a standardized exam , the State Exam for Quality in Higher Education ( `` Examen de Estado de Calidad de la Educación Superior '' or ECAES , also known as SABER PRO ) specific to medicine , which tests , for example , knowledge in public health and primary care . After graduation , the physician is required to register with the Colombian Ministry of Health , in order to complete a year of obligatory social service ( `` servicio social obligatorio '' ) , after which they qualify for a professional license to practice general medicine and apply for a medical residency within Colombia . If , however , the student wishes to practice general medicine abroad or continue onto their postgraduate studies , for example , they can independently begin the appropriate application / equivalency process , without doing their obligatory social service . In this case they would not be licensed to practise medicine in Colombia and if they wish to do so , will have to register with the Ministry of Health . N.B. If the graduate physician gets accepted immediately into a residency within Colombia in internal medicine , paediatrics , family medicine , gynecology and obstetrics , general surgery or anaesthesiology , they are allowed to complete a 6 - month - long social service after their residency . In contrast with most countries , residencies in Colombia are NOT paid positions , since one applies for the program through the university offering the post , which requires a tuition . However , on 9th May , 2017 , legislation was formally introduced in Congress that would seek to regulate payment for medical residents , regulate their tuitions , and advocate for their vacation time and working hours . As in other countries , length of residency training depends upon the specialty chosen , and , following its completion , the physician may choose to apply for a fellowship ( subspecialty ) at home or abroad depending on the availability of their desired training programs , or practice in their specialty . El Salvador ( edit ) The Universidad de El Salvador ( University of El Salvador ) has a program of 8 years for students who want to study medicine . The first six years are organized in a two semesters fashion , the seventh year is used for a rotating internship through the mayor specialty areas in a 10 - week periods fashion ( psychiatry and public health share a period ) and the eighth year is designated for Social service in locations approved by the Ministry of Health ( usually as attending physician in Community Health Centers or non-profit organizations ) . The graduates receive the degree of MD and must register in the Public Health Superior Council ( CSSP ) to get the medical license and a registered national number that allows them to prescribe barbiturates and other controlled drugs . In order to attend further studies ( Surgery , Internal medicine , G / OB , Pediatrics , Psychiatry ) , the students in the year of Social service or graduates of any Salvadorian university must apply independently for the residency to the hospital of choice ; the preliminary selection process is based on the results of clinical knowledge tests , followed by psychiatric evaluations and interviews with the hospital medical and administrative staff . The basic residencies mentioned above commonly last 3 years ; at the last trimester of the third year , the residents can apply to the position of Chief of residents ( 1 year ) or follow further studies as resident ( 3 years ) of a specialty ( for example : orthopedic surgery , urology , neurology , endocrinology ... ) . No further studies are offered to the date ; therefore , specialist looking for training or practice in a specific area ( For example : a neurosurgeon looking for specialty in endovascular neurosurgery , spine surgery or pediatric neurosurgery ) must attend studies in other countries and apply for such positions independently . Guyana ( edit ) In Guyana the medical school is accredited by the National Accreditation Council of Guyana . The medical program ranges from 4 years to 6 years . Students are taught the basic sciences aspect of the program within the first 2 years of medical school . In the clinical sciences program , students are introduced to the hospital setting where they gain hands on training from the qualifying physicians and staff at the various teaching hospitals across Guyana . Texila American University American International School of Medicine University of Guyana Students graduating from the University of Guyana are not required to sit a board exams before practicing medicine in Guyana . Students graduating from the American International School of Medicine sit the USMLE , PLAB or CAMC exams . Haiti ( edit ) Medical schools in Haiti conduct training in French . The universities offering medical training in Haiti are the Université Notre Dame d'Haïti , Université Quisqueya , Université d'Etat d'Haïti and Université Lumière . The Université Notre Dame d'Haïti ( UNDH ) is a private Catholic university established by the Episcopal Conference of Haiti . According to the UNDH website , `` the UNDH is not just about academic degrees , it is mainly the formation of a new type of Haiti , which includes in its culture and moral values of the Gospel , essential for serious and honest people that the country needs today . '' The other two private schools offering medical degrees are Université Quisqueya and Université Lumière . The Université d'Etat d'Haïti is a public school . Attending medical school in Haiti may be less expensive than attending medical universities located in other parts of the world , but the impact of the country 's political unrest should be considered , as it affects the safety of both visitors and Haitians . Duration of basic medical degree course , including practical training : 6 years Title of degree awarded : Docteur en Médecine ( Doctor of Medicine ) Medical registration / license to practice : Registration is obligatory with the Ministère de la Santé publique et de la Population , Palais des Ministères , Port - au - Prince . The license to practice medicine is granted to medical graduates who have completed 1 year of social service . Those who have qualified abroad must have their degree validated by the Faculty of Medicine in Haiti . Foreigners require special authorization to practice . Panama ( edit ) The system of Medical education in Panama usually takes students from high school directly into Medical School for a 6 - year course , typically with a two years internship . This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2013 ) United States ( edit ) Harvard Medical School Main article : Medical school in the United States See also : List of medical schools in the United States In 2012 , the Association of American Medical Colleges and American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine listed 141 accredited M.D. - granting and 30 accredited D.O. - granting medical schools in the United States . The Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine ( DO ) are graded to be equivalent to a Professional Doctorate . Admission to medical school in the United States is based mainly on a GPA , MCAT score , admissions essay , interview , clinical work experience , and volunteering activities , along with research and leadership roles in an applicant 's history . While obtaining an undergraduate degree is not an explicit requirement for a few medical schools , virtually all admitted students have earned at least a bachelor 's degree . A few medical schools offer pre-admittance to students directly from high school by linking a joint 3 - year accelerated undergraduate degree and a standard 4 - year medical degree with certain undergraduate universities , sometimes referred to as a `` 7 - year program '' , where the student receives a bachelor 's degree after their first year in medical school . As undergraduates , students must complete a series of prerequisites , consisting of biology , physics , and chemistry ( general chemistry and organic ) . Many medical schools have additional requirements including calculus , genetics , statistics , biochemistry , English , and / or humanities classes . In addition to meeting the pre-medical requirements , medical school applicants must take and report their scores on the MCAT , a standardized test that measures a student 's knowledge of the sciences and the English language . Some students apply for medical school following their third year of undergraduate education while others pursue advanced degrees or other careers prior to applying to medical school . In the nineteenth century , there were over four hundred medical schools in the United States . By 1910 , the number was reduced to one hundred and forty - eight medical schools and by 1930 the number totaled only seventy - six . Many early medical schools were criticized for not sufficiently preparing their students for medical professions , leading to the creation of the American Medical Association in 1847 for the purpose of self - regulation of the profession . Abraham Flexner ( who in 1910 released the Flexner report with the Carnegie Foundation ) , the Rockefeller Foundation , and the AMA are credited with laying the groundwork for what is now known as the modern medical curriculum . The restriction of the supply of physicians that resulted from the Flexner Report has been criticized by classical economists as one of the principal factors in the increased prices relative to quality observed in medicine over the past 100 years . The standard U.S. medical school curriculum is four years long . Traditionally , the first two years are composed mainly of classroom basic science education , while the final two years primarily include rotations in clinical settings where students learn patient care firsthand . Today , clinical education is spread across all four years with the final year containing the most clinical rotation time . The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( CMS ) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) has published mandatory rules , obliging on all inpatient and outpatient teaching settings , laying down the guidelines for what medical students in the United States may do , if they have not completed a clerkship or sub-internship . These rules apply to when they are in the clinical setting in school , not when they are , for example , helping staff events or in other non-formal educational settings , even if they are helping provide certain clinical services along with nurses and the supervising physicians - for example , certain basic screening procedures . In the formal clinical setting in school , they can only assist with certain patient evaluation and management tasks , after the vital signs , chief complaint and the history of present illness have been discerned , but prior to the physical examination : reviewing the patient 's signs and symptoms in each body system , and then reviewing the patient 's personal medical , genetic , family , educational / occupational , and psychosocial history . The student 's supervising physician ( or another physician with supervisory privileges if the original doctor is no longer available , for some reason ) must be in the room during the student 's work , and must conduct this same assessment of the patient before performing the actual physical examination , and after finishing and conferring with the student , will review his or her notes and opinion , editing or correcting them if necessary , and will also have his or her own professional notes ; both must then sign and date and I.D. the student 's notes and the medical record . They may observe , but not perform , physical examinations , surgeries , endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures , radiological or nuclear medicine procedures , oncology sessions , and obstetrics . The patient must give consent for their presence and participation in his or her care , even at a teaching facility . Depending on the time they have completed in school , their familiarity with the area of medicine and the procedure , and the presence of their supervisor , and any others needed , in the room or nearby , they may be allowed to conduct certain very minor tests associated with the physical examination , such as simple venipuncture blood draws , and electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms , for learning and experience purposes , especially when there is no intern or resident available . Upon successful completion of medical school , students are granted the title of Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. ) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine ( D.O. ) . Residency training , which is a supervised training period of three to seven years ( usually incorporating the 1st year internship ) typically completed for specific areas of specialty . Physicians who sub-specialize or who desire more supervised experience may complete a fellowship , which is an additional one to four years of supervised training in their area of expertise . Upon completion of medical school in the United States , students transition into residency programs through the National Resident Match Program ( NRMP ) . Each year , approximately 16,000 US medical school students participate in the residency match . An additional 18,000 independent applicants -- former graduates of U.S. medical schools , U.S. osteopathic medical schools , U.S. podiatry students , Canadian students , and graduates of foreign medical schools -- compete for the approximately 25,000 available residency positions . Unlike those in many other countries , US medical students typically finance their education with personal debt . In 1992 , the average debt of a medical doctor after residency was $25,000 . For the class of 2009 , the average debt of a medical student is $157,990 and 25.1 % of students had debt in excess of $200,000 ( prior to residency ) . For the past decade the cost of attendance has increased 5 - 6 % each year ( roughly 1.6 to 2.1 times inflation ) . Licensing of medical doctors in the United States is coordinated at the state level . Most states require that prospective licensees complete the following requirements : Graduation from an accredited medical school granting the degree of D.O. or M.D. United States and Canada schools must be accredited by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine or the Liaison Committee on Medical Education . Foreign medical school graduates generally must complete some training within the United States . Satisfactory completion of at least one year of an AOA - or ACGME - approved residency . Passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination or the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination ( USMLE , COMLEX , or simply `` the boards '' ) . USMLE and COMLEX both consist of four similar parts : Step or Level I is taken at the end of the second year of medical school and tests students ' mastery of the basic sciences as they apply to clinical medicine . Step II Clinical Knowledge ( CK ) or Level II Cognitive Evaluation ( CE ) is taken during the fourth year of medical school and tests students ' mastery of the management of ill patients . Step II Clinical Skills ( CS ) or Level II Performance Evaluation ( PE ) is taken during the fourth year of medical school and tests students ' mastery of clinical skills using a series of standardized patient encounters . Step or Level III is taken after the first year of a residency program and tests physicians ' ability to independently manage the care of patients . Uruguay ( edit ) The University of Montevideo in Uruguay is the oldest in Latin America , being public and free , co-governed by students , graduates and teachers . The progress of medical and biological sciences in the nineteenth century , the impact of the work of Claude Bernard ( 1813 -- 1878 ) , Rudolf Virchow ( 1821 -- 1902 ) Robert Koch ( 1843 -- 1910 ) , Louis Pasteur ( 1822 -- 1895 ) and all the splendor of French medical schools , Vienna , Berlin and Edinburgh , was a stimulus for the creation of a medical school in the country . The basic medical school program lasts seven years . There is also a second medical school in the country , it is private and located in Punta del Este , Maldonado . Venezuela ( edit ) These are the universities with a medical school in Venezuela : Central University of Venezuela . University of the Andes ( Venezuela ) . University of Zulia . University of Carabobo . Universidad de Oriente . Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado . Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda . Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Centrales Rómulo Gallegos . Bolivarian University of Venezuela . Asia and oceania ( edit ) Australia ( edit ) See also : Medical education in Australia Historically , Australian medical schools have followed the British tradition by conferring the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ) to its graduates whilst reserving the title of Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) for their research training degree , analogous to the PhD , or for their honorary doctorates . Although the majority of Australian MBBS degrees have been graduate programs since the 1990s , under the previous Australian Qualifications Framework ( AQF ) they remained categorised as Level 7 Bachelor degrees together with other undergraduate programs . The latest version of the AQF includes the new category of Level 9 Master 's ( Extended ) degrees which permits the use of the term ' Doctor ' in the styling of the degree title of relevant professional programs . As a result , various Australian medical schools have replaced their MBBS degrees with the MD to resolve the previous anomalous nomenclature . With the introduction of the Master 's level MD , universities have also renamed their previous medical research doctorates . The University of Melbourne was the first to introduce the MD in 2011 as a basic medical degree , and has renamed its research degree to Doctor of Medical Science ( DMedSc ) . Bangladesh ( edit ) See also : List of medical colleges in Bangladesh In Bangladesh , admission to medical colleges is organized by the Governing Body of University of Dhaka . A single admission test is held for government and private colleges . Due to the highly competitive nature of these exams , the total number of applicants across the country is around 78 times the number of students accepted . Admission is based on the entrance examination , as well as students ' individual academic records . The entrance examination consists carries a time limit of one hour . 100 marks are allocated based on objective questions , in which the mark allocation is distributed between a variety of subjects . Biology questions carry 30 marks , Chemistry carries 25 , Physics carries 20 , English carries 15 , and general knowledge carries 10 . Additionally , students ' previous SSC ( Secondary School Certificate ) and HSC ( Higher Secondary School Certificate ) scores each carry up to 100 marks towards the overall examination result . English students prepare themselves for the admission exam ahead of time . This is because as the GCSE and A-Level exams do not cover parts of the Bangladesh syllabus . The undergraduate program consists of five years study , followed by a one - year internship . The degrees granted are Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( M.B.B.S. ) . Further postgraduate qualifications may be obtained in the form of Diplomas or Degrees ( MS or MD ) , M. Phil and FCPS ( Fellowship of the College of Physicians and Surgeons ) . The University of Dhaka launched a new BSc in `` Radiology and Imaging Technology , '' offering 30 students the opportunity to contribute towards their entrance exam grade . For students who have passed the HSC , this course contributes towards 25 % of the mark . The course contributes up to 75 % for Diploma - holding students . The duration of the course is four years ( plus 12 weeks for project submission ) . The course covers a variety of topics , including behavioural science , radiological ethics , imaging physics and general procedure . Cambodia ( edit ) After 6 years of general medical education ( a foundation year + 5 years ) , all students will graduate with Bachelor of Medical Sciences ( BMedSc ) បរិញ្ញាប័ត្រ វិទ្យាសាស្រ្ត វេជ្ជសាស្ត្រ . This degree does not allow graduates to work independently as Physician , but it is possible for those who wish to continue to master 's degrees in other fields relating to medical sciences such as Public Health , Epidemiology , Biomedical Science , Nutrition ... Medical graduates , who wish to be fully qualified as physicians or specialists must follow the rule as below : General Practitioner 's ( GP ) course is of 8 years ( BMedSc + 2 - year internship ) . Clinical rotation in the internship is modulated within 4 main disciplines ( general medicine , surgery , gynecology , pediatrics ). The medical degree awarded is Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) សញ្ញាប័ត្រ វេជ្ជបណ្ឌិត ( equivalent to master 's degree ) . After graduating with BMedSc ; any students , who wishes to enter Resodency Training Programs , are required to sit for a rigorous and Entrance Exam . The duration of residency programs lasts from 3 to 4 years after BMedSc ( BMedSc + 3 -- 4 years of specialization ) . Once the graduates , after successfully defense their practicum thesis , are officially awarded the Degree of Specialized Doctor ( MD - with specialization ) សញ្ញាប័ត្រ វេជ្ជបណ្ឌិត ឯកទេស `` Professional Doctorate '' . All Medical graduates must complete Thesis Defense and pass the National Exit Exam ប្រឡង ចេញ ថ្នាក់ ជាតិ ក្នុង វិស័យ សុខាភិបាល to become either GPs or Medical or Surgical Specialists . Hong Kong ( edit ) Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine held by HKU is among the oldest western medicine schools in Far East . Main article : Medical education in Hong Kong Hong Kong has only two comprehensive medical faculties , the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , University of Hong Kong and the Faculty of Medicine , Chinese University of Hong Kong , and they are also the sole two institutes offering medical and pharmacy programs . Other healthcare discipline programs ( like nursing ) are dispersed among some other universities which do not host a medical faculty . Prospective medical students enter either one of the two faculties of medicine available ( held by The University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong ) from high schools . The medical program consists of 5 years for those who take the traditional Hong Kong 's Advanced Level Examination ( HKALE ) for admission , or 6 years for those who take the new syllabus Hong Kong 's Diploma of Secondary School Education Examination ( HKDSE ) . International students who take examinations other the two mentioned will be assessed by the schools to decide if they will take the 5 - year program or the 6 - year one . The competition of entering the medical undergraduate programs is cut - throat as the number of intake each year is very limited with a quota of 210 from each school ( 420 in total ) and candidates need to attain an excellent examination result and good performance in interview . The schools put a great emphasis on students ' languages ( both Chinese and English ) and communication skills as they need to communicate with other health care professionals and patients or their family in the future . During their studies at the medical schools , students need to accumulate enough clinical practicing hours in addition before their graduation . The education leads to a degree of Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of surgery ( M.B. , B.S. by HKU or M.B. , Ch. B. by CUHK ) . After a 5 - or 6 - year degree , one year of internship follows in order to be eligible to practice in Hong Kong . Both HKU and CUHK provide a prestigious bachelor of pharmacy course that is popular among local and overseas students . Students of most other health care disciplines have a study duration of 4 years , except nursing programs which require 5 years . India ( edit ) Main article : Medical college in India See also : List of medical Colleges in India Tirunelveli Medical College , Tamil Nadu , India In India , admission to medical colleges is organized both by the central government CBSE as well as the state governments through tests known as entrance examination . Students who have successfully completed their 10 + 2 ( Physics , Chemistry and Biology Marks are considered and PCB is mandatory ) education ( higher secondary school ) can appear for the tests the same year . The All - India Pre Medical / Dental Test for filling up of 15 % of total MBBS seats in India , conducted by CBSE ( Central Board for Secondary Education ) in the month of April / May intakes about only 2,500 students out of a total applicants of over 600,000 . The Supreme Court Of India has mandated the necessity of entrance examination based upon multiple choice questions and negative marking for wrong answers with subsequent merit over 50 % for selection into MBBS as well as higher medical education . The entrance exams are highly competitive . The graduate program consists of three professionals consisting of 9 semesters , followed by one - year internship ( rotating housemanship ) . The degree granted is Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( M.B.B.S. ) of five years and six months . The graduate degree of MBBS is divided into 3 professionals , with each professional ending with a professional exam conducted by the university ( a single university may have up to dozens of medical colleges offering various graduate / post-graduate / post-doctoral degrees ) . After clearing this the student moves into the next professional . Each professional exam consists of a theory exam and a practical exam conducted not only by the same college but also external examiners . The exams are tough and many students are unable to clear them , thereby prolonging their degree time . The first professional is for 1 year and includes preclinical subjects , anatomy , physiology and biochemistry . The second professional is for 1 and a half year and has subjects pathology , pharmacology , microbiology ( including immunology ) and forensic medicine . Clinical exposure starts in the second professional . The third professional is divided into two parts . Part 1 consists of ophthalmology , ENT , and PSM ( preventive and social medicine ) and part 2 consists of general - medicine ( including dermatology , psychiatry as short subjects ) , general surgery ( including radiology , anaesthesiology and orthopaedics as short subjects ) and pediatrics and gynaecology and obstetrics . This is followed by one - year of compulsory internship ( rotatory house - surgeonship ) . After internship , the degree of MBBS is awarded by the respective university . Some states have made rural service compulsory for a certain period of time after MBBS . Selection for higher medical education is through entrance examinations as mandated by the Supreme Court Of India . Further postgraduate qualifications may be obtained as Post-graduate Diploma of two years residency or Doctoral Degree ( MS : Master of Surgery , or MD ) of three years of residency under the aegis of the Medical Council of India . 50 % of all MD / MS seats in India are filled up through `` All - India Post-Graduate Medical Entrance Examination conducted by AIIMS ( All - India Institute Of Medical Sciences ) under the supervision of the Directorate General Of Health Services . Theses / Dissertations are mandatory to be submitted and cleared by university along with examinations ( written and clinicals ) to obtain MD / MS degree . Further sub-speciality post-doctoral qualification ( DM - Doctorate of Medicine , or MCh - Magister of Chirurgery ) of three years of residency followed by university examinations may also be obtained . PG ( post-graduate ) qualification is equivalent to M.D. / M.S. , consisting of two / three - years residency after MBBS . A PG diploma may also be obtained through the National Board of Examinations ( NBE ) , which also offers three - years residency for sub-specialisation . All degrees by NBE are called DNB ( Diplomate of National Board ) . DNB 's are awarded only after clearance of theses / dissertations and examinations . DNBs equivalent to DM / MCh have to clear examinations mandatorily . Indonesia ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Indonesia A group of Indonesian medical students of Trisakti University trains with an obstetric mannequin . In Indonesia , high school graduates who want to enroll to public medical schools must have their names enlisted by their high school faculty in the `` SNMPTN Undangan '' program , arranged by Directorate General of Higher Education , Ministry of National Education . Depending on the high school accreditation , only the class ' top 10 % - 15 % will be considered for admissions . Fewer places are available through entrance exam conducted autonomously by each university . These exams are highly competitive for medicine , especially in prestigious institutions such as University of Indonesia in Jakarta , Airlangga University in Surabaya , and Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta . For private medical school , almost all places are offered through independently run admission tests . The standard Indonesian medical school curriculum is six years long . The four years undergraduate program is composed mainly of classroom education , continued with the last two years in professional program primarily includes rotations in clinical settings where students learn patient care firsthand . If they pass undergraduate program they will have `` S. Ked '' ( Bachelor of Medicine ) in their title and if they finished the professional program and pass the national examination arranged by IDI ( Indonesian Medical Association ) they will become general physician and receive `` dr . ( doctor ) '' . Upon graduation , a physician planning to become a specialist in specific field of medicine must complete a residency , which is a supervised training with period of three to four years . A physician who sub-specializes or who desires more supervised experience may complete a fellowship , which is an additional one to three years of supervised training in his / her area of expertise Iran ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Iran General medicine education in Iran takes 7 to 7.5 years . Students enter the university after high school . Students study basic medical science ( such as anatomy , physiology , biochemistry , histology , biophysics , embryology , etc . ) for 2.5 years . At the end of this period they should pass a `` basic science '' exam . Those who passed the exam will move on to study physiopathology of different organs in the next 1.5 years . The organ - based learning approach emphasizes critical thinking and clinical application . In the next period of education students enter clinics and educational hospitals for two years . During this period , they will also learn practical skills such as history taking and physical examination . Students should then pass the `` pre-internship '' exam to enter the last 1.5 years of education in which medical students function as interns . During this period , medical students participate in all aspects of medical care of the patients and they take night calls . At the end of these 7.5 years students are awarded an M.D degree . M.D doctors can continue their educations through residency and fellowship . Israel ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Israel There are five university medical schools in Israel : the Technion in Haifa , Ben Gurion University in Be'er Sheva , Tel Aviv University , the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the Medical school of the Bar - Ilan University in Ramat Gan . These all follow the European 6 - year model except Bar - Ilan University which has a four - year program similar to the US system . The Technion Medical School , Ben Gurion University , and Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine offer 4 - year MD programs for American Bachelor 's graduates who have taken the MCAT , interested in completing rigorous medical education in Israel before returning to the US or Canada . The entrance requirements of the various schools of medicine are very strict . Israeli students require a high school Baccalaureate average above 100 and psychometric examination grade over 700 . The demand for medical education is strong and growing and there is a lack of doctors in Israel . The degree of Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) is legally considered to be equivalent to a Masters degree within the Israeli Educational System . Japan ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Japan In Japan , medical schools are faculties of universities and thus they are undergraduate programs that generally last for six years . Admission is based on an exam taken at the end of high school and an entrance exam at the university itself , which is the most competitive . Medical students study Liberal Arts and Science for the first 1 -- 2 years , which include Physics , Mathematics , Chemistry , and Foreign Languages together with 2 years long Basic Medicine ( Anatomy , Physiology , Pharmacology , Immunology ) , Clinical Medicine , Public health , and Forensics for the next two years . Medical students train in the University Hospital for the last two years . Clinical training is a part of the curriculum . Upon completion of the graduation examination , students are awarded an M.D. Medical graduates are titled as Doctor , as are Ph. D. holders . The University does have an MD / PhD program that enables Doctors of Medicine to become Ph. D. holders , as well . At the end , Medical students take the National Medical License examination and , if they pass it , become a Physician and register in the record in the Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare . The scope of this exam encompasses every aspect of medicine . Jordan ( edit ) The Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery ( MBBS ) degree is awarded in Jordan after completion of six years comprising three years of medical sciences and three clinical years . Currently , four state supported universities include a medical school and grant the degree , which are : Jordan University of Science and Technology in Irbid University of Jordan in Amman Mutah University in Al Karak Hashemite University in Zarqa Further information : Medical education in Jordan Kyrgyzstan ( edit ) In Kyrgyzstan , the Government university Kyrgyz State Medical Academy offers 6 years duration undergraduate ( bachelor 's degree ) program whereas the other institutions mostly private such as the International School of Medicine at the International University of Kyrgyzstan offers a five - year medical program , with a requisite for English knowledge , that is recognized by the World Health Organization , the General Medical Council , and UNESCO . The medical school is also partnered with the University of South Florida School of Medicine , the University of Heidelberg ( Germany ) , the Novosibirsk Medical University ( Russia ) , and the University of Sharjah ( UAE ) . Other medical schools located in Kyrgyzstan include the 5 years duration MD / MBBS undergraduate degree program at International University of Science and Business or Mezhdunarodnyy Universitet Nauki i Biznesa , Kyrgyzstan others are the Asian Medical Institute , Kyrgyzstan and the Medical Institute , Osh State University and so on . Lebanon ( edit ) In Lebanon , there are two programs of medical education followed : the American system ( 4 years ) and the European system ( 6 years ) . Programs are offered in English and French . Admission requirements to the American system requires a candidate to complete a bachelor 's degree along with specific pre-medical courses during the undergraduate years , and writing the MCAT examination . European programs usually requires a candidate to complete 1 year of general science followed by a selection exam by the end of the year . Schools following the American system ( M.D. degree ) are : American University of Beirut : located in Beirut and is the oldest medical school in Lebanon . Training will take place at the American University of Beirut Medical center ( AUBMC ) in Beirut . Lebanese American University ( LAU ) : LAU Medical school is located in Byblos and has a 10 - year affiliation with Partners Harvard Medical International . Training will take place at the University Medical center - Rizk Hospital ( UMC - RH ) located in Beirut . It is also affiliated with Clemenceau Medical Center and Rafik Hariri University Hospital . University of Balamand : located in Koura , north Lebanon . Training will take place at the Saint George University Medical center in Beirut . The language of instruction in all three is English . Schools following the European system ( MBBS degree ) are : Lebanese University : languages of instruction are French and English . Training will take place at the Rafik Hariri University Hospital located in Beirut . Saint Joseph University : language of instruction is French . Training will take place in Hôtel - Dieu de France hospital located in Beirut . Beirut Arab University : language of instruction is English . Training will take place at Hammoud Hospital UMC located in Sidon and Rafik Hariri University Hospital located in Beirut . Holy Spirit University of Kaslik : Located in Jounieh , languages of instruction are French and English . Training will take place at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Notre Dame des Secours located in Byblos . Malaysia ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Malaysia In Malaysia , getting into medical school is regarded as difficult , due to high fees and a rigorous selection process . Some new medical schools do offer a foundation in medicine course before admission into a full - time medical programme . Most government , and some private medical schools offer M.D. , and others mostly offer MBBS degrees . Myanmar ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Myanmar Panorama view of Lanmadaw Campus There are * five medical institutions - UM 1 , UM 2 , DSMA , UM Mdy , and UM Mgy - in Myanmar . ( Now , there are six universities in total . UMTG , University of Medicine Taunggyi - launched since 2015 ) edited by # mm_ymb Myanmar medical schools are government - funded and require Myanmar citizenship for eligibility . No private medical school exists at this moment . In Myanmar , admission to medical colleges is organized under the Department of Health Science , which is the branch of Ministry of Health of Myanmar . ( Now , we have been using as `` Ministry of Health and Sport '' and it is official usage ) edited by # mm_ymb A student can join one of the Five ( * Now six ) medical universities of Myanmar if he gets the highest scores in the science combination of the matriculation examination . This exam is highly competitive . Entrance is solely based on this examination and academic records have very minor consequences on an application . The undergraduate program is five years plus one year for work experience in government hospitals . After medical school , Myanmar medical graduates are under contract to spend one year of internship and three years of tenure in rural areas before they are eligible for most residency positions . The degree granted is Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( M.B.B.S. ) . Further postgraduate qualifications may be obtained as a Degree ( M. Med . Sc ) and ( Dr.Med.Sc ) . Nepal ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Nepal In Nepal , medical studies start at undergraduate level . As of 2016 , there are twenty institutions recognised by the Nepal Medical Council . There are four main medical bodies in Nepal : Tribhuvan University ( own college : Institute of Medicine Maharajgunj , affiliated colleges : National Medical College , Janaki Medical College , Universal College of Medical Sciences , Gandaki Medical College , Chitwan Medical College , Kist Medical College , Nepal Army Institute of Health Science ) Kathmandu University ( own college : Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences ( KUSMS ) , Affiliated colleges : Manipal College of Medical Sciences , Kathmandu Medical College , Nepal Medical College , Nepalgunj Medical College , College of Medical Sciences , Nobel Medical College , Lumbini Medical College , Birat Medical College , Devdaha Medical College ) B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences . Patan Academy of Health Sciences New Zealand ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in New Zealand Auckland School of Medicine Otago School of Medicine New Zealand medical programs are undergraduate - entry programs of six years duration . Students are considered for acceptance only after a year of undergraduate basic sciences or , as alternative , following the completion of a bachelor 's degree . There are two main medical schools in New Zealand : the University of Auckland and the University of Otago . Each of these has subsidiary medical schools such as Otago 's Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Auckland 's Waikato Clinical School . The first year of the medical degree is the basic sciences year , which comprises study in chemistry , biology , physics , and biochemistry as well as population health and behavioural sciences . The following two years are spent studying human organ systems and pathological processes in more detail as well as professional and communication development . Toward the end of the third year , students begin direct contact with patients in hospital settings . The clinical years begin fully at the beginning of year 4 , where students rotate through various areas of general clinical medicine with rotation times varying from between two and six weeks . Year 5 continues this pattern , focusing more on specialized areas of medicine and surgery . Final medical school exams ( exit exams ) are actually held at the end of year 5 , which is different from most other countries , where final exams are held near the very end of the medical degree . Final exams must be passed before the student is allowed to enter year 6 . The final year ( Year 6 ) of medical school is known as the `` Trainee Intern '' year , wherein a student is known as a `` Trainee Intern '' ( commonly referred to in the hospitals as a `` T.I. '' ) . Trainee interns repeat most rotations undertaken in years 4 and 5 but at a higher level of involvement and responsibility for patient care . Trainee interns receive a stipend grant from the New Zealand government ( not applicable for international students ) . At the current time , this is $ NZ 26,756 / year ( about $ US 18,500 ) . Trainee interns have responsibility under supervision for the care of about one - third the patient workload of a junior doctor . However , all prescriptions and most other orders ( e.g. , radiology requests and charting of IV fluids ) made by trainee interns must be countersigned by a registered doctor . New Zealand medical schools currently award the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBChB ) . Upon completion of the 6th year , students go on to become `` House Officers , '' also known as `` House Surgeons '' for 1 -- 2 years where they rotate through specialities in the first year and then begin to narrow down to what they 'd like to do for speciality training in the second year . After 2 years of house officer work they apply to get into a training scheme and start to train towards the speciality . Pakistan ( edit ) Main article : Medical school in Pakistan King Edward Medical University , fourth oldest medical school in South Asia In Pakistan a medical school is more often referred to as a medical college . A medical college is affiliated with a university as a department . There are however several medical universities and medical institutes with their own medical colleges . All medical colleges and universities are regulated by the respective provincial department of health . They however have to be recognized after meeting a set criteria by a central regulatory authority called Pakistan Medical and Dental Council ( PMDC ) in Islamabad . There are almost equal number of government and private medical colleges and universities , with their number exceeding 50 . Admission to a government medical college is highly competitive . Entrance into the medical colleges is based on merit under the guidelines of PMDC . Both the academic performance at the college ( high school , grades 11 - 12 ) level and an entrance test like MCAT are taken into consideration for the eligibility to enter most of the medical colleges . After successfully completing five years of academic and clinical training in the medical college and affiliated teaching hospitals the graduates are awarded a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ) degree . The graduates are then eligible to apply for a medical license from the PMDC . A house job of one - year duration is mandatory in a teaching hospital after completing five years of academic and clinical training in the medical college . People 's Republic of China ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in the People 's Republic of China Medical education is normally a five - year Bachelor degree , including one - year internship ( or clinical rotation , during which students are actively involved in patient care ) before the final degree is awarded . Clinical specialization usually involves a two - or three - year Master degree . Acceptance is based on the national entrance examination used for all universities . There are a few colleges that teach in English and accept foreign medical students . Some of those universities have increased their course duration to 6 years . The degree conferred is known as Bachelor of Clinical Medicine ( BCM ) . Philippines ( edit ) Main articles : List of medical schools in the Philippines and Medical education in the Philippines The Dominicans , under the Spanish Government , established the oldest medical school in the Philippines in 1871 , known as the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery ( at that time was one with the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy , also considered the oldest pharmacy school in the Philippines ) of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas in Intramuros , Manila . Medical education in the Philippines became widespread under the American administration . The Americans , led by the insular government 's Secretary of the Interior , Dean Worcester , built the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and Surgery in 1905 . By 1909 , nursing instruction was also begun at the Philippine Normal School . At present there are a number of medical schools in the Philippines , notable examples include the University of the Philippines College of Medicine , Our Lady of Fatima University , Far Eastern University -- Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation , Saint Louis University International School of Medicine , De La Salle Health Sciences Institute , University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery , Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila , UERMMMC College of Medicine , St. Luke 's College of Medicine -- William H. Quasha Memorial , Cebu Doctors ' University , Cebu Institute of Medicine , Mindanao State University College of Medicine , Cagayan State University College of Medicine in Tuguegarao , Southwestern University - Matias H. Aznar Memorial College of Medicine Inc. , West Visayas State University in Iloilo City , University of St. La Salle College of Medicine in Bacolod City , Davao Medical School Foundation in Davao City , Xavier University -- Ateneo de Cagayan , Dr. Jose P. Rizal School of Medicine in Cagayan de Oro , Ago medical educational center AMEC - BCCM in Legazpi , Bicol and University of Northern Philippines in Vigan . In 2007 , the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health was established . It is the first medical school in the country to offer a double degree program leading to the degrees Doctor of Medicine and Masters in Business Administration . Any college graduate may apply for medical school given that they satisfy the requirements set by the institutions . There is also a test known as the National Medical Admission Test or NMAT . Scores are given on a percentile basis and a high ranking is a must to enter the top medical schools in the country . In most institutions , medical education lasts for four years . Basic subjects are taken up in the first and second years , while clinical sciences are studied in the second and third years . In their fourth year , students rotate in the various hospital departments , spending up to two months each in the fields of internal medicine , surgery , obstetrics and gynecology , and pediatrics , and several weeks in the other specialties . After this , students graduate with a Doctorate in Medicine and apply for postgraduate internship ( PGI ) in an accredited hospital of their choice . After PGI , the student is eligible to take the Medical Licensure Examination . Passing the examinations confers the right to practice medicine as well as to apply in a Residency Training Program . Republic of China ( Taiwan ) ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Taiwan The medical education in the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) is usually 7 years ( 6 - year learning plus 1 - year internship ) in duration , starting right after high schools . The first 2 years in the 7 - year system is composed of basic sciences and liberal art courses . Doctor - patient classes are emphasized , and most schools require compulsory amounts of volunteer hours . Clinical sciences are compressed into a two - year program in the 3rd and 4th years . The duration of clerkships and internships varies from school to school , but all of them end at the 7th grade . Taiwan 's medical education began in 1897 and is over 100 years old now . Students graduate with a Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) degree . Starting from the year 2013 , incoming students will have a 6 + 2 year curriculum , in which the first 6 years are oriented similarly as before and the last two years are Post Graduate Years ; this change aims to increase primary care capabilities of medical school graduates . Saudi Arabia ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arabia medical education is free for all Saudi citizens . A medical student must pass an entrance examination and complete a 1 - year pre-medical course containing some basic medical subjects including : Biology , Organic Chemistry , Inorganic Chemistry , Physics , Medical Biostatistics , and English for medical uses . Passing this year is commonly considered as the most challenging . It offers an MBBS ( Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery ) degree . after one pre-medical course , five medical years and one training year . By 2010 , there are 24 medical schools in KSA - 21 nonprofit and three private medical schools the last college opened was Sulaiman AlRajhi Colleges with its partnership with Maastricht in the Netherlands . Singapore ( edit ) Currently , there are 3 medical schools in Singapore . 2 of them offers undergraduate ( 5 years degree ) and the other offers postgraduate ( 4 years ) entry . South Korea ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in South Korea Currently , there are 41 medical schools in South Korea . Medical programs in South Korea used to be direct - entry programs such as in the UK , taking six years to complete . However , most universities were going through a transition from direct - entry to a 4 + 4 year system , such as those found in the United States and Canada . Recently , about half of the universities are converting back to six years direct - entry program by 2015 , and almost all of the universities are converting it back by 2017 . Sri Lanka ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Sri Lanka There are eight medical schools in Sri Lanka that teach evidence based ( sometimes called `` western '' ) medicine . The oldest medical school is the Faculty of Medicine , University of Colombo , established as Ceylon Medical School in 1870 . There are medical faculties in Peradeniya , Kelaniya , Sri Jayawardanepura , Galle , Batticaloa , Jaffna and Rajarata as well . Kelaniya Medical Faculty initially started as the North Colombo Medical College ( NCMC ) , a private medical institution . It was one of the earliest private higher educational institutions ( 1980 ) . Heavy resistance by the medical professionals , university students and other professionals led to its nationalization and to its renaming as the Kelaniya Medical Faculty . Faculty of Health - Care Sciences is the faculty that offers MBBS together with other para-medical courses . It is an entity of the Eastern University - Sri Lanka . The Open International University for Complementary Medicines ( OIUCM ) , established under World Health Organization teaches various field of Medicines and related program of Environmental Sciences . despite having basic problems of training programme . Postgraduate Institute of Medicine ( PGIM ) is the only institution that provides specialist training of medical doctors . The Institute of Indigenous Medicine of the University of Colombo , the Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurvedhic Medicine Institute of the University of Kelaniya and the Faculty of Siddha Medicine , University of Jaffna teach Ayurvedha / Unani / Siddha Medicine . Thailand ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Thailand The first medical school in Thailand was established back in 1890 at Siriraj Hospital , which is now become Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University . Currently , there are 26 medical programs offered nationwide . Most of the Thai medical schools are government - funded and require Thai citizenship for eligibility . Two private medical schools exist at the moment . Some Thais choose to attend private medical schools or attend a medical school in a foreign country due to relatively few openings and extremely competitive entrance examination scores required for enrollment in public medical schools . The Thai medical education is a six - year system , consisting of 1 year in basic - science , 2 years in pre-clinical training , and 3 years for clinical training . Upon graduation , all medical students must pass national medical licensing examinations and a university - based comprehensive test . After medical school , newly graduated doctors are under contract to spend a year of internship and 2 years of tenure in rural areas before they are eligible for any other residency positions or specialized training , mostly in locations outside Bangkok . Students will receive Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) degree at the end of the process . This degree is equivalent to a master 's degree in Thailand . Europe ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( May 2008 ) Albania ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Albania There are four Medical Schools ( Fakultete te Mjeksise ) in Albania : University of Tirana Faculty of Medicine Kristal University Faculty of Medicine WORLDWIDE University Faculty of Medicine Zonja e Keshillit te Mire These medical schools are usually affiliated with regional hospitals . The course of study lasts 6 years . Students are conferred degree Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. ) upon graduation . Austria ( edit ) Medical University of Vienna Sigmund Freud University Vienna , Medical School Medical University of Graz Medical University of Innsbruck Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg The Faculty of Medicine at the Johannes Kepler University Linz Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences ( Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften ) , Krems Belarus ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Belarus There are 4 Medical Schools ( Medical Universities ) in Belarus : Belarusian State Medical University , Minsk ( belarusian : Беларускі дзяржаўны медыцынскі ўніверсітэт ; Russian : Белорусский государственный медицинский университет ) - which contains the famous Bosef Institute for AIDS Research . Gomel State Medical University ( belarusian : Гомельскі дзяржаўны медыцынскі ўніверсітэт ; Russian : Гомельский государственный медицинский университет ) Grodno State Medical University ( belarusian : Гродненскі дзяржаўны медыцынскі ўніверсітэт ; Russian : Гродненский государственный медицинский университет ) Vitebsk State Order of Peoples ' Friendship Medical University ( belarusian : Віцебскі дзяржаўны медыцынскі ўніверсітэт ; Russian : Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет ) Bosnia and Herzegovina ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina There are five Medical Schools ( Medicinski Fakultet ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina : University of Banja Luka School of Medicine University of Sarajevo Medical School University of Tuzla Medical School University of East Sarajevo Medical School ( Foca ) University of Mostar Medical School These medical schools are usually affiliated with regional hospitals . The course of study lasts 6 years or 12 semesters . Students are conferred degree Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. ) upon graduation . Admissions Entry to BH Medical Schools are very competitive due to limited places imposed by the government quota . Students are required to complete Secondary School Leaving Diploma ( Gimnazija - Gymnasium ( school ) or Medicinska skola matura / svedocanstvo / svjedodzba ) . Entrance examination is usually held in June / July . Combined score of Secondary School Diploma assessment ( on scale 1 - 5 , with 2 minimum passing grade and 5 maximum grade ) and entrance examination is taken into consideration . Usually , 5 in Chemistry , Biology , Mathematics , and Physics are required for entry to medicine . Curriculum Course structure is more traditional and divided in pre-clinical ( year 1 - 3 ) / clinical part ( year 3 - 6 ) and subject - based . Practical examinations are held throughout the degree ( Anatomy , Biochemistry , Pathology , Physiology practicals etc . ) . Dissection is part of all medical curricula in Bosnian and Herz . Medical Schools . Bulgaria ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Bulgaria In Bulgaria , a medical school is a type of college or a faculty of a university . The medium of instruction is officially in Bulgarian . A six - to one - year course in Bulgarian language is required prior to admittance to the medical program . For European candidates , an exam in Biology and Chemistry in Bulgarian is also required . While a number of Bulgarian medical schools have now started offering medical programmes in English , Bulgarian is still required during the clinical years . Students join medical school after completing high - school . Admission offers are made by individual medical schools . Bulgarian applicants have to pass entrance examinations in the subjects of Biology and Chemistry . The competitive result of every candidate is the based on their marks these exams plus their secondary - school certificate marks in the same subjects . Those applicants with the highest results achieved are classified for admission . The course of study is offered as a six - year program . The first 2 years are pre-clinical , the next 3 years are clinical training and the sixth year is the internship year , during which students work under supervision at the hospitals . During the sixth year , students have to appear for ' state exams ' in the 5 major subjects of Internal Medicine , Surgery , Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Social Medicine , and Pediatrics . Upon successful completion of the six years of study and the state exams the degree of ' Physician ' is conferred . For specialization , graduates have to appear for written tests and interviews to obtain a place in a specialization program . For specialization in general medicine , general practice lasts three years , cardiology lasts four years , internal medicine lasts five years , and general surgery lasts five years . Croatia ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Croatia In Croatia , there are four out of seven universities that offer a medical degree , the University of Zagreb ( offers medical studies in English ) , University of Rijeka , University of Split ( also offers medical studies in English ) , and the University of Osijek . The Medical schools are a faculties of those four universities . Medical students enroll into medical school after finishing secondary education , typically after a Gymnasium , or after a four - year nursing school , or any other high school lasting four years . During the application process , their high school grades , and the grades of their matriculation exam at the end of high school ( Matura ) and the score at the obligatory admission exam are taken into account , and the best students are enrolled . The course of study lasts 6 years or 12 semesters . During the first 3 years , students are engaged in pre-clinical courses ( Anatomy , Histology , Chemistry , Physics , Cell Biology , Genetics , Physiology , Biochemistry , Immunology , Pathologic Physiology And Anatomy , Pharmacology , Microbiology , etc . ) . Contact with patients begins at the third year . The remaining 3 years are composed of rotations at various departments , such as Internal Medicine , Neurology , Radiology , Dermatology , Psychiatry , Surgery , Pediatrics , Gynecology and Obstetrics , Anesthesiology , and others . During each academic year , students also enroll into two or three elective courses . After each rotation , the students take a total of about 60 exams . In the end , the students must pass a final multiple - choice exam comprising questions about clinical courses , after which they finally gain an MD , and the title of Doctor of Medicine , which they put after their name . Now the doctors must complete a one - year , supervised , paid internship in a hospital of their choice , after which they take the state ( license ) examination , which is an eight - part oral examination containing the eight most important clinical branches . After that , the doctors are eligible to practice medicine as general practitioners . Residencies are offered at various hospitals throughout Croatia , and at numerous medical specialities . Czech Republic ( edit ) Medical study in Czech Republic has a long tradition dating from the 14th century , with the first medical school starting at the First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague in 1348 , making it the 11th oldest in the world and highly prestigious . Students from all over the world are attracted to study medicine in Czech Republic because of the high standards of education provided . Most Czech Universities offer a 6 - year General Medicine program in Czech and in English separately for international students . The admission to medical studies in Czech Republic is based on the performance in high school diploma ( Biology , Chemistry and Physics ) , English proficiency and performance in the entrance exams . Entrance examination is conducted at the university and by some representative offices abroad . The entrance exams are competitive due to students from all over the world fighting to secure a place . After the entrance exams , successful candidates are further scrutinised by conducting interviews . Most of the international students studying medicine in the Czech Republic originate from USA , Canada , UK , Norway , Sweden , Germany , Israel , Malaysia and the Middle East . Most faculties of Medicine in Czech Republic have been approved by the U.S. Department of Education for participation in Federal Student Financial Aid Programs and is listed in the Directory of Postsecondary Institutions published by the U.S. Department of Education . The qualifications are also approved in Canada by the Canadian Ministry of Education and Training , and in the UK by the General Medical Council . Most medical schools are globally recognised and carry a good reputation . There are nine public government owned medical schools in the Czech Republic : First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague Second Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague Third Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň , Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Medicine , University of Ostrava There is one military medical school , Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence . Denmark ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Denmark In Denmark , basic medical education is given in four universities : University of Copenhagen , Aarhus University , University of Southern Denmark and Aalborg University . The duration of basic medical education is six years and the course leads to the degree of Candidate of Medicine ( M.D. ) after swearing the Hippocratic Oath upon graduation . Medical school is usually followed by a year residency called clinical basic education ( Danish : Klinisk basisuddannelse or just KBU ) which upon completion grants the right to practices medicine without supervision . Finland ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Finland In Finland , basic medical education is given in five universities : Helsinki , Kuopio , Oulu , Tampere and Turku . Admission is regulated by an entrance examination . Studies involve an initial two - year preclinical period of mainly theoretical courses in anatomy , biochemistry , pharmacology etc . However , students have contact with patients from the beginning of their studies . The preclinical period is followed by a four - year clinical period , when students participate in the work of various hospitals and health care centres , learning necessary medical skills . Some Finnish universities have integrated clinical and preclinical subjects along the six - year course , diverging from the traditional program . A problem - based learning method is widely used , and inclusion of clinical cases in various courses and preclinical subjects is becoming common . All medical schools have research programs for students who wish to undertake scientific work . The duration of basic medical education is six years and the course leads to the degree of Licentiate of Medicine . France ( edit ) Main article : Medical school in France Medical studies in France are organized as follow : Right after graduating from High School with a Baccalaureat , any student can register at a university of medicine ( there are about 30 of them throughout the country ) . At the end of first year , an internal ranking examination takes place in each of these universities in order to implement the numerus clausus . First year consists mainly of theoretical classes such as biophysics and biochemistry , anatomy , ethics or histology . Passing first year is commonly considered as challenging and requires hard and continuous work . Each student can only try twice . For example , the Université René Descartes welcomes about 2000 students in first year and only 300 after numerus clausus . The second and third year are usually mainly quite theoretical although the teachings are often accompanied by placements in the field ( e.g. internships as nurses or in the emergency room , depending on the university ) . During 4th , 5th and 6th years , medical students get a special status called ' Externe ' ( In some universities , such as Pierre et Marie Curie , the ' Externe ' status is given starting in the 3rd year ) . They work as interns every morning at the hospital plus a few night shifts a month and study in the afternoon . Each internship lasts between 3 and 4 months and takes place in a different department . Med students get 5 weeks off a year . At the end of sixth year , they need to pass a national ranking exam , which will determine their specialty . Indeed , the first student gets to choose first , then the second , etcetera . Usually students work pretty hard during 5th and 6th years in order to train properly for the national ranking exam . During these years , actual practice at the hospital and some theoretical courses are meant to balance the training . Such externs ' average wage stands between 100 and 300 euros a month . After that ranking exams , students can start as residents in the specialty they have been able to pick . That is the point from which they also start getting paid . Towards the end of the medical program , French medical students are provided with more responsibilities and are required to defend a thesis . At the conclusion of the thesis defense , French medical students receive a State Diploma of Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) or `` Diplôme d'Etat de Doctorat en Medecine for general medicine . For those who are in speciality training will also receive a Diploma of Specialized Studies ( DES = Diplôme d'Etudes Specialisees ) to mark their specialties . Some students may also receive a Diploma of Specialized Complementary Studies ( DESC ) = Diplôme d'Etudes Specialisees Complementaires . Germany ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Germany The University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine In Germany , admission to medical schools is currently administered jointly by the Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung ( SfH ) , a centralized federal organization , and the universities themselves . The most important criterion for admission is the Numerus clausus , the final GPA scored by the applicant on the Abitur ( highest secondary school diploma ) . However , in light of the recent gain in influence of medical schools in regards to applicant selection , additional criteria are being used to select students for admission . These criteria vary among medical faculties and the final Abitur GPA is always a core indicator and strongly influences admission . Admission remains highly competitive . A very small number of slots per semester are reserved for selected applicants which already hold a university degree ( Zweitstudium ) and for medical officer candidates ( Sanitätsoffizieranwärter ) . The first two years of medical school consist of the so - called pre-clinical classes . During this time , the students are instructed in the basic sciences ( e.g. physics , chemistry , biology , anatomy , physiology , biochemistry , etc . ) and must pass a federal medical exam ( Erster Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung ) , administered nationally . Upon completion , the students advance to the clinical stage , where they receive three years of training and education in the clinical subjects ( e.g. , internal medicine , surgery , obstetrics and gynecology , pediatrics , pharmacology , pathology , etc . ) . After these three years , they have to pass the second federal medical exam ( Zweiter Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung ) before continuing with the sixth and final year . The last year of medical school consists of the so - called `` practical year '' ( Praktisches Jahr , PJ ) . Students are required to spend three four - month clerkships , two of them in a hospital ( internal medicine and surgery ) as well as one elective , which can be one of the other clinical subjects ( e.g. family medicine , anesthesiology , neurology , pediatrics , radiology etc . ) . After at least six years of medical school , the students graduate with a final federal medical exam ( Dritter Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung ) . Graduates receive the license to practice medicine or dentistry and the professional title of physician ( Arzt ) or dentist ( Zahnarzt ) . The academic degrees Doctor of Medicine ( Dr. med . ) and Doctor of dental Medicine ( Dr. med . dent . ) are awarded if the graduate has , in addition , successfully completed a scientific study and dissertation . It is a doctoral degree and therefore different from the MD or DDS degrees in the U.S. , which as professional degrees are awarded after passing the final exams and do not require additional scientific work . Many medical students opt to perform their thesis during their studies at medical school , but only a fraction of them is able to finish the dissertation - process during their studies . The requirements for getting a Dr. med. degree across the board are not as hard as for the doctor in natural science ( Dr. rer . nat . ) . Therefore , many critics advocate to adopt a system similar to that of the Anglo - Saxon countries with an MD as a professional degree and a PhD showing additional scientific qualification . If physicians wish to open up a doctor 's office , they are required to further complete residency in order to fulfill the federal requirements of becoming Facharzt ( specialized in a certain field of medicine like internal medicine , surgery , pediatrics etc . ) . Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must complete both studies , medicine and dentistry , then afterwards specializing another 5 years . There are 36 medical faculties in Germany . Greece ( edit ) There are seven medical schools in Greece . The most prominent one of them is the University of Athens Medical School . The rest of them are in Patras , Thessaloniki , Ioannina , Larissa , Heraklion , and Alexandroupoli . The duration of the studies in Greece is 6 years . Hungary ( edit ) Hungary has four medical schools , in Budapest , Debrecen , Pécs and Szeged . Medical school takes six years to complete , of which the last year is a practical year . Students receive the degree dr . med . univ. or dr . for short , equivalent to the M.D. degree upon graduation . All Hungarian medical schools have programs fully taught in English . Iceland ( edit ) In Iceland , admission to medical school requires passing an organized test , controlled by the University of Iceland , which anyone with a gymnasium degree can take . Only the top 48 scores on the exam are granted admission each year . Medical school in Iceland takes 6 years to complete . Students receive a cand. med. degree upon graduation . Following this , Icelandic regulations require 12 months of clinical internship before granting a full medical license . This internship consists of internal medicine ( 4 months ) , surgery ( 2 months ) , family medicine ( 3 months ) and a three - month elective period . Upon receiving a license to practice , a physician can start specialist training , in Iceland or abroad . Ireland ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Ireland There are six medical schools in Ireland . They are at Trinity College Dublin , the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , University College Dublin , University College Cork , University of Limerick and the National University of Ireland , Galway ( the National University of Ireland is the degree - awarding institution for all except the University of Limerick and Trinity College ) . Training lasts four , five or six years , with the last two years in the affiliated teaching hospitals ( UCD - St. Vincents University Hospital , Mater Misericordiae University Hospital ) ( Trinity - St. James 's Hospital , Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children 's Hospital ) ( UCC - Cork University Hospital ) ( RCSI - Beaumont Hospital , Connolly Hospital , Waterford Regional Hospital ) . For Programmes that are six years in length , entry is based on secondary school qualifications . Programmes that are four years in length require previous university degrees . The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the University of Limerick were the first medical institutions to offer Graduate Entry Medicine of four years in duration in the Ireland . This is now also offered in University College Dublin and University College Cork . The National University of Ireland , Galway also launched a graduate entry programme in 2010 . Medical education is regulated by the Irish Medical Council , the statutory body that is also responsible for maintaining a register of medical practitioners . After graduation with the degrees of BM BS ( Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery ) or MB BCh BAO ( Medicinae Baccalaureus , Baccalaureus in Chirurgia , Baccalaureus in Arte Obstetricia ) , a doctor is required to spend one year as an intern under supervision before full registration is permitted . Graduates of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland also receive the traditional `` Licenciate of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians in Ireland '' ( LRCP&SI ) , which was awarded before the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland became an Affiliate of the National University of Ireland and thus was allowed grant degrees , under the Medical Practitioners Act ( 1978 ) . Italy ( edit ) In Italy , the contents of the medical school admission test is decided each year by the Ministry of Education , Universities and Research ( MIUR ) and consists of eighty questions divided in five categories : logics and `` general education '' ( `` cultura generale '' ) , mathematics , physics , chemistry , and biology . Results are expressed in a national ranking . As a general rule , all state - run medical schools in the country administer it on the same day , whereas all privately run medical schools administer it on another day , so that a candidate may take the test once for state - run schools and once for a private school of his or her choice , but no more . Some universities in Italy provide an international degree course in medicine taught entirely in English for both Italian and non-Italian students . A number of these medical schools are at public universities , and have relatively low tuition fees compared to the English - speaking world , because the cost of the medical education is subsidized by the state for both Italian and non-Italian students . These public medical schools include the International Medical School at the University of Milan , the University of Pavia , Rome `` La Sapienza '' , Rome `` Tor Vergata '' , Naples Federico II , the Second University of Naples , and the University of Bari . These universities require applicants to rank highly on the International Medical Admissions Test . Italy also has private or parochial , more expensive English - language medical schools such as Vita - Salute San Raffaele University and Humanitas University in Milan , and at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome campus . Medicine is one of the university faculties implementing numerus clausus ( `` numero chiuso '' ) : the overall number of medical students admitted every year is constant , as each medical school is assigned a maximum number of new admission per year by MIUR . Medical school lasts 6 years ( 12 semesters ) . Traditionally , the first three years are devoted to `` biological '' subjects ( physics , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , genetics , anatomy , physiology , immunology , pathophysiology , microbiology , and usually English language courses ) , whereas the later three years are devoted to `` clinical '' subjects . However , most schools are increasingly devoting the second semester of the third year to clinical subjects and earlier patient contact . In most schools , there are about 36 exams over the 6 - year cycle , as well as a number of compulsory rotations and elective activities . At the end of the cycle , students have to discuss a final thesis before a board of professors ; the subject of this thesis may be a review of academic literature or an experimental work , and usually takes more than a year to complete , with most students beginning an internato ( internship ) in the subject of their choice in their fifth or sixth year . The title awarded at the end of the discussion ceremony is that of `` Dottore Magistrale '' , styled in English as a Doctor of Medicine , which in accordance with the Bologna process is comparable with a master 's degree qualification or a US MD . After graduating , new doctors must complete a three - month , unpaid , supervised tirocinio post-lauream ( `` post-degree placement '' ) consisting of two months in their university hospital ( one month in a medical service and one in a surgical service ) as well as one month shadowing a general practitioner . After getting a statement of successful completion of each month from their supervisors , new doctors take the esame di stato ( `` state exame '' ) to obtain full license to practise medicine . They will then have to register with one of the branches of the Ordine dei Medici ( `` Order of Physicians '' ) , which are based in each of the Provinces of Italy . Registration makes new doctors legally able to practice medicine without supervision . They will then have to choose between various career paths , each usually requiring a specific admission exam : most either choose to train as general practitioner ( a 3 - year course run by each Region , including both general practice and rotation at non-university hospitals ) , or to enter a Scuola di Specializzazione ( `` specialty school '' ) at a university hospital 4 - year or 5 - year course . Lithuania ( edit ) Lithuania has two medical schools , in Kaunas - LSMU http://lsmuni.lt/ and Vilnius . Studies are of six years , of which the last year is a practical year . All Lithuanian medical schools have ams in English . Since 1990 , LSMU has been the Alma Mater of many international students and 550 full - time foreign students from 42 countries ( mainly Israel , Germany , Finland , Norway , Spain , Sweden , Lebanon , Poland , India , South Korea , Ireland and the United Kingdom ) are currently enrolled here . The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences ( LSMU ) is the largest university - type school in Lithuania preparing the health specialists . It unites the Veterinary Academy and the Medical Academy . LSMU traditions of studies and scientific work go back to the times of the Faculty of Medicine at Vytautas Magnus Universitythat was later turned into Kaunas Institute of Medicine . LSMU collaborates with more than 140 European , American and Asian universities for study and research purposes . The university is a member of numerous international organizations , such as the European University Association ( EUA ) , Association of Schools of Public Health in The European Region ( ASPHER ) , Association of Medical Schools in Europe ( AMSE ) , Association for Medical Education in Europe ( AMEE ) , Organisation for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in the European System ( ORPHEUS ) , European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education ( EAEVE ) , World Veterinary Association , and more . LSMU is also a member of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , where it fulfils the role of a collaboration centre for research and training in epidemiology , as well as for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic non-communicable diseases . The study programmes at LSMU meet university education standards applied in EU countries . Netherlands and Belgium ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Netherlands and List of medical schools in Belgium In the Netherlands and Belgium , medical students receive 6 years of university education prior to their graduation . In the Netherlands , students used to receive four years of preclinical training , followed by two years of clinical training ( co-assistentschappen , or co-schappen for short ) in hospitals . However , for a number of medical schools this has recently changed to three years of preclinical training , followed by three years of clinical training . At least one medical faculty , that of the Utrecht University , clinical training already begins in the third year of medical school . After 6 years , students graduate as basisartsen ( comparable to Doctors of Medicine ) . As a result of the Bologna process , medical students in the Netherlands now receive a bachelor 's degree after three years in medical school and a master 's degree upon graduation . Prospective students can apply for medical education directly after finishing the highest level of secondary school , vwo ; previous undergraduate education is not a precondition for admittance . The Belgian medical education is much more based on theoretical knowledge than the Dutch system . In the first 3 years , which are very theoretical and lead to a university bachelor degree , general scientific courses are taken such as chemistry , biophysics , physiology , biostatistics , anatomy , virology , etc . To enter the bachelor course in Flanders , prospective students have to pass an exam , as a result of the numerus clausus . In the French - speaking part of Belgium , only the best students that pass the first year of the bachelor course in medicine are admitted to the second and third year . After the bachelor courses , students are allowed to enter the ' master in medicine ' courses , which consist of 4 years of theoretical and clinical study . In general , the first 2 master years are very theoretical and teach the students in human pathology , diseases , pharmacology . The third year is a year full of internships in a wide range of specialities in different clinics . The seventh , final year serves as a kind of ' pre-specialization ' year in which the students are specifically trained in the specialty they wish to pursue after medical school . This contrasts with the Dutch approach , in which graduates are literally ' basic doctors ' ( basisartsen ) who have yet to decide on a specialty . Norway ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Norway Medical education in Norway begins with a six - to six - and - a-half - year undergraduate university program . Admission requires a very high GPA from secondary school - medicine consistently ranks as the most difficult university programme to be admitted to in Norway . Furthermore , certain high school subjects are required for admission ( chemistry , mathematics and physics ) . Upon completion , students are awarded a candidatus / candidata medicinae ( cand . med . ) degree ( corresponding to e.g. and MD in the USA ) and medical license . Those completing a research programme ( Forskerlinje ) get this added to their degree . Following this , it is required a minimum of 18 months of internship ( turnustjeneste ) before applying on a specialist training in Norway . The internship consist of 6 months of internal medicine , 6 months of surgery and 6 months family medicine . There are currently 43 recognized medical specialties in Norway . Poland ( edit ) See also : Category : Medical schools in Poland . Portugal ( edit ) Universidade do Minho , Braga Universidade do Algarve , Faro Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra , Coimbra Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Covilhã Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto , Porto Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute , Porto Romania ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Romania In Romania , medical school is a department of a medical university , which typically includes Dentistry and Pharmacy departments as well . The name facultate is used for departments in their universities too , but the Medicine departments distinguish themselves by the length of studies ( 6 years ) , which grants to graduates a status equivalent to that of a Master in Science . The Medicine departments are also marked by reduced flexibility - in theory , a student in a regular university can take courses from different departments , like Chemistry and Geography ( although it usually does not happen , majors being clearly defined ) , while the medical universities do not have any extra offers for their students , due to their specialization . Admission to medical faculty is usually awarded by passing a Human Biology , Organic Chemistry and / or Physics test . The program lasts 6 years , with first 2 years being preclinical and last 4 years being mostly clinical . After these six years , one has to take the national licence exam ( which consists of mostly clinically oriented questions , but some questions also deal with basic sciences ) and has to write a thesis in any field he / she studied . Final award is Doctor - Medic ( titlu onorific ) ( shortened Dr . ) , which is not an academic degree ( similar to Germany ) . All graduates have to go through residency and specialization exams after that in order to practice , although older graduates had different requirements and training ( e.g. , clinical rotations similar to sub-internship ) and might still be able to practice Family Medicine / General Medicine . Russia ( edit ) See also : List_of_medical_schools_in_Europe § Russia Medical schools in Russia offer a 6 - year curriculum leading to award Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) `` Physician '' . Russian medical authorities reluctantly agrees with inclusion in list of international medical schools FAIMER - IMED . FAIMER ca n't include medical schools without cooperation from Russia . For example , Orel State University Medical Institute is n't included in this list . Sweden ( edit ) See also : List of medical schools in Sweden Medical education in Sweden begins with a five - and - a-half - year undergraduate university program leading to the degree `` Master of Science in Medicine '' ( Swedish : Läkarexamen ) . Following this , the National Board of Health and Welfare requires a minimum of 18 months of clinical internship ( Swedish : Allmäntjänstgöring ) before granting a medical license to be fully qualified as Medical Doctor ( MD ) . This internship consists of surgery ( 3 -- 6 months ) , internal medicine ( 3 -- 6 months ) , psychiatry ( three months ) and family medicine ( six months ) . Upon receiving a license to practice , a physician is able to apply for a post to start specialist training . There are currently 52 recognized medical specialties in Sweden . The specialist training has a duration of minimum five years , which upon completion grants formal qualification as a specialist . Switzerland ( edit ) See also : Healthcare in Switzerland There are five universities granting medical degrees in Switzerland ( plus the University of Fribourg and the ETH Zurich that provide the bachelor but not the master in medicine ) and five university hospitals : Faculty of Medicine of the University of Basel ( see also University Hospital of Basel ) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bern ( see also University Hospital of Bern ) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva ( see also University Hospital of Geneva ) Faculty of Biology and Medicine of the University of Lausanne ( see also University Hospital of Lausanne ) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zürich ( see also University Hospital of Zürich ) Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology of the ETH Zurich Turkey ( edit ) All high school graduates who wish to pursue further education are required to take an MCQ exam . The exam covers most of the high school and secondary school curricula . A student who scores high enough gets a place in a faculty of his / her desire . Entrance to medical schools is extremely competitive , only very top scoring students are accepted to medical schools . Medical education takes six years , first three years being Pre-clinical years and the latter three being Clinical years . Right after graduation , graduates can either work as GPs or take another exam called TUS ( Medical Specialization Examination ) to do residency in a particular department of a particular hospital . Most of the medical schools in Turkey are state schools but the number of private schools is on the rise . MCQ exam ( YGS and LYS ) scores required to be accepted to private medical schools are lower compared to their public counterparts . The language of instruction is , in general , Turkish , but few universities also offer schools with English as the language of instruction . This makes Turkey a popular place to study medicine for students from nearby areas like the Balkans , the Middle East , and to a lesser extent North Africa . Ukraine ( edit ) Medical degrees in Ukraine were offered only in institutions called medical universities , which are separate from traditional universities . However , some medical schools are now associated with classical universities . These include : Ternopil State Medical University Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Kharkiv National Medical University Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy Ivano - Frankivsk National Medical University Bukovinian State Medical University Zaporizhia State Medical University Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy Donetsk National Medical University Bogomolets National Medical University Of Ukraine Crimea State Medical University Luhansk State Medical University Odessa National Medical University National Pirogov Memorial Medical University School of Medicine of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University Medical Faculty of Sumy State University Medical Faculty of Uzhgorod University Medical Faculty of Dnipropetrovsk National University Kyiv Medical Institute of non traditional Medicine United Kingdom ( edit ) Main article : Medical school in the United Kingdom See also : List of medical schools in the United Kingdom Shepherd 's House , King 's College London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Guy 's Campus in London Due to the UK code for higher education , first degrees in medicine comprise an integrated programme of study and professional practice spanning several levels . While the final outcomes of the qualifications themselves typically meet the Expectations of the descriptor for higher education qualification at level 7 ( the UK master 's degree ) . These degrees may retain , for historical reasons , `` Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery '' and are abbreviated to MBChB or MBBS . There are currently 32 institutions that offer medical degrees in the United Kingdom . Completion of a medical degree in the UK results in the award of the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery . Admission requirements to the schools varies ; most insist on solid A-Levels / Highers , a good performance in an aptitude test such as the UKCAT , the BMAT or the GAMSAT , and usually an interview . As of 2008 the UK has approximately 8000 places for medical students . Methods of education range from courses that offer a problem - based learning approach ( alongside lectures etc . ) , and others having a more traditional pre-clinical / clinical structure . Others combine several approaches in an integrated approach . Following qualification , UK doctors enter a generalised two - year , competency - based `` foundation programme '' , gaining full GMC ( General Medical Council ) registration at the end of foundation year one , and applying for specialist training ( in medicine , surgery , general practice etc . ) after foundation year two . Many medical schools offer intercalated degree programmes to allow students to focus on an area of research outside their medical degree for a year . Some medical schools offer graduate entry programmes , which are four years long . The name refers to the fact that students on these courses already have a degree in another subject ( i.e. they are graduates ) . Due to the shorter length of the course , the timetable of these degrees are more intense and the holidays are shorter , compared to students on the 5 - year course . In terms of entrance requirements , the 4 - year degree restricts entry to those who already hold a first degree , and have previously worked in an area of healthcare . The first degree does n't necessarily have to be a BSc degree ( this is the criteria for some of the medical schools ) , whereas other medical schools specify that the prior degree has to be in a science subject . Competition for this course is fierce , with students having to also sit an entrance exam prior to being considered for an interview . Medical schools typically admit more students into undergraduate programmes than into graduate entry programmes . Medical career grades of the National Health Service Year Current ( Modernising Medical Careers ) Previous Foundation doctor ( FY1 and FY2 ) , 2 years Pre-registration house officer ( PRHO ) , 1 year Senior house officer ( SHO ) , minimum 2 years ; often more Specialty registrar , general practice ( GPST ) , 3 years Specialty registrar , hospital speciality ( SpR ) , minimum 6 years Specialist registrar , 4 -- 6 years GP registrar , 1 year 5 General practitioner , 4 years total time in training 6 -- 8 General practitioner , 5 years total time in training 9 Consultant , minimum 8 years total time in training Consultant , minimum 7 -- 9 years total time in training Optional Training is competency based , times shown are a minimum . Training may be extended by obtaining an Academic Clinical Fellowship for research or by dual certification in another speciality . Training may be extended by pursuing medical research ( usually 2 -- 3 years ) , usually with clinical duties as well Medical students ( edit ) A medical student checking blood pressure on an awareness drive A person accepted into a medical school and enrolled in an educational program in medicine , with the goal of becoming a medical doctor , is referred to as a medical student . Medical students are generally considered to be at the earliest stage of the medical career pathway . In some locations they are required to be registered with a government body . Medical students typically engage in both basic science and practical clinical coursework during their tenure in medical school . Course structure and length vary greatly among countries ( see above ) . Bullying ( edit ) Main article : Bullying in medicine Medical students , perhaps being vulnerable because of their relatively low status in health care settings , commonly experience verbal abuse , humiliation and harassment ( nonsexual or sexual ) . Discrimination based on gender and race is less common . Burnout and depression ( edit ) See also : Stress in medical students A meta - analysis in the American journal JAMA suggested depressive symptoms in 24 % to 29 % of all medical students and 25 % to 33 % of all resident physicians . Burnout in medical students , in addition , seems to be associated with increased likelihood of subsequent suicidal ideation . It has been estimated by a US study that approximately 14 % of medical students have symptoms of moderate to severe depression , and roughly 5 % have suicidal thoughts at some point during training . Internationally depression as well as distress in medical school is widely studied and gained more attention over the years . A recent study among German medical students at international universities displayed the significantly higher risk of depression symptoms being 2.4 times higher than the average population . 23.5 % of these German medical students showed clinically relevant depressive symptoms . In a South Korean study , 40 % of medical students appeared to have depression . Medical students with more severe depression also may be less likely to seek treatment , largely from fear that faculty members would view them as being unable to handle their responsibilities . Students who feel that they lack a social support system are 10 times more likely to be depressed compared with students that consider themselves to have good social support . Approximately 10 % experience suicidal ideation during medical school . Lemon and Stone hypothesised in what has become termed the ' Lemon Stone Hypothesis ' , that medical students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds increase in prevalence during times of national economic adversity . Their hypothesis was a formulation of Becker Maimans ' health belief model and Adaption theory . This hypothesis has to some extent been supported by a series of surveys . See also ( edit ) American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine ( AACOM ) American Medical College Application Service ( AMCAS ) American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine ( AACPM ) Bimaristan ( historical medical schools ) Flexner Report Graduate Australian Medical Schools Admissions Test ( GAMSAT ) ( Australia , Ireland , UK ) International medical graduate List of medical schools Medical College Admission Test ( MCAT ) ( United States , Canada ) Society of General Internal Medicine ( SGIM ) Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test ( UMAT ) ( Australia ) Notes and references ( edit ) Jump up ^ Brown , Menna ; Barnes , Jacob ; Silver , Katie ; Williams , Nicholas ; Newton , Philip M. ( 2015 ) . `` The Educational Impact of Exposure to Clinical Psychiatry Early in an Undergraduate Medical Curriculum '' . Academic Psychiatry . 40 ( 2 ) : 274 -- 281 . doi : 10.1007 / s40596 - 015 - 0358 - 1 . Jump up ^ Littlewood , S. ( 13 August 2005 ) . `` Early practical experience and the social responsiveness of clinical education : systematic review '' . BMJ. 331 ( 7513 ) : 387 -- 391 . doi : 10.1136 / bmj. 331.7513. 387 . Jump up ^ https://sphcm.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/sphcm/Centres_and_Units/SI_licensing_Report.pdf Jump up ^ `` Accreditation of medical education institutions . Report of a technical meeting. Schæffergården , Copenhagen , Denmark , 4 -- 6 October 2004 '' . WHO - WFME Task Force on Accreditation . p. 2 . ISBN 92 4 159273 7 . Missing or empty url = ( help ) Jump up ^ Accra College of Medicine , www.acm.edu.gh Jump up ^ Katz , Arieh A ; Futter , Merle ; Mayosi , Bongani M ( 9 December 2013 ) . `` The intercalated BSc ( Med ) Honours / MB ChB and integrated MB ChB / PhD tracks at the University of Cape Town : Models for a national medical student research training programme '' . South African Medical Journal . 104 ( 2 ) : 111 . doi : 10.7196 / SAMJ. 7639 . PMID 24893538 . Jump up ^ `` Resources '' . Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners Council . Retrieved 17 April 2017 . Jump up ^ Healthtraining.org Archived 2010 - 05 - 01 at the Wayback Machine. , MPH Degree Requirements at Makerere Jump up ^ Dillon , Alfredo . `` Prohíben el arancel y el examen de ingreso en las universidades '' . www.clarin.com ( in Spanish ) . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` QS World University Rankings 2016 '' . Top Universities. 2016 - 08 - 25 . Retrieved 2017 - 03 - 13 . Jump up ^ Suarez - Kurtz , Guilherme . `` A brief description of medical school curricula in Brazil '' ( PDF ) . Case Western Reserve University . Retrieved 4 June 2014 . Jump up ^ CaRMS - Operations - Future Matches Archived 2007 - 05 - 19 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Accreditation of International Medical Schools : An Update from FAIMER and CAAM - HP '' ( PDF ) . michigan.gov . Federation of State Medical Boards. 2009 - 06 - 18 . p. 32 . Retrieved 2011 - 09 - 07 . Jump up ^ http://www.how.com/about_4727555_haiti-medical-schools-training.html Jump up ^ `` Medical Schools '' . American Association of Medical Colleges . Archived from the original on 12 August 2013 . Retrieved 25 August 2012 . Jump up ^ `` U.S. Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine '' . AACOM . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` medicine as professional doctorate '' ( PDF ) . Jump up ^ `` MD as Professional Doctorate '' ( PDF ) . Jump up ^ `` Educational System in the USA '' . Jump up ^ Ackerknecht , Erwin . A Short History of Medicine . Baltimore : The Johns Hopkins University Press , 1982 . Jump up ^ https://mises.org/library/100-years-medical-robbery Jump up ^ Institute for Good Medicine at the Pennsylvania Medical Society Goodmedicine.org Archived 2012 - 08 - 01 at Archive.is Jump up ^ AAMC.org Jump up ^ AAMC.org Archived 2010 - 06 - 13 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Additional areas for consideration for accredited education providers proposing implementation of a Masters Degree ( Extended ) level primary medical degree '' ( PDF ) . Australian Medical Council . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) '' . University of Melbourne . 15 January 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . Jump up ^ http://www.medicine.careers360.com/articles/aipmt-2014-617-lakh-apply-for-aipmt-55-girls-among-exam-takers Jump up ^ Medical Council of India : Home Page Jump up ^ Natboard.nic.in Jump up ^ `` About Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee Bar - Ilan University '' . Medicine.biu.ac.il . Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Home Sackler Faculty of Medicine '' . Sacklermedicine.us. 2013 - 07 - 22 . Retrieved 2013 - 09 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Medical degrees in Israeli Educational System '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2015 - 08 - 07 . Jump up ^ IUK-ISM-KG.com Archived 2010 - 09 - 05 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ IUK-ISM.MEGA.kg Archived 2010 - 02 - 09 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ International University of Science and Business or Mezhdunarodnyy Universitet Nauki i Biznesa Jump up ^ Asian Medical Institute Archived 2009 - 12 - 04 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Medical Institute , Osh State University Jump up ^ `` Recognized Institution - Medical - college '' . Nepal Medical Council . Retrieved 29 June 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery - The University of Auckland '' . www.auckland.ac.nz . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` How the trainee intern year can ease the transition from undergraduate education to postgraduate practice - New Zealand Medical Journal '' . www.nzma.org.nz . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Medical Trainee Intern Grant '' . Tertiary Education Commission . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Undergraduate study options - The University of Auckland '' . www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ MyTuition . `` A guide to studying medicine in NZ '' . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ Medical Education in Taiwan Jump up ^ `` Directory of Medical Schools in Republic of Korea '' . Institute for International Medical Education . Retrieved 9 November 2011 . Jump up ^ KMA.org , Korea Medical Association ( KMA ) website Jump up ^ Graduates from these medical schools revive Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery degree , ( MBBS ) , which takes a period of five to six years plus a residency period of one year for full registration . Due to the limited intake a large number of students go abroad to study medicine , these include commonwealth countries , as well as in recent years Bangladesh , Russia and China . However private medical schools are in the process of being established at present with the South Asian Institute of Technology and Medicine ( SAITM ) . Establishment of private medical schools have been opposed by the section of medical practitioners together with extremist student groups who does not willing to widening the access to medical education for the reasons best known to them . The total university undergraduate population in Sri Lanka is less than 27,000 , of which few hundred students are admitted to the local medical faculties , annually . Thousands who qualifies for higher education have no other option , but to go abroad for higher studies , including for medicine . Annually Sri Lankan parents are spending over 1bn USD to provide education to their children overseas . A well established system to regulate both private and public universities including the medical faculties is required to ensure the quality and relevance of the higher education system and thereby to enable both the public and private institutions to compete for excellence , as in the case of many other countries . This would be `` the option '' available for the authorities to consider , if Sri Lanka is aspiring to become a regional hub for education and a knowledge exporting country . The Higher Education Minister and the University Grants Commission ( UGC ) were criticized by the Government Medical Officers ' Association ( GMOA ) for offering degree awarding status to the South Asian Institute of Technology ( SAITM ) , while turning blind eye to three other medical degree awarding institutions , recently established by the state ; i.e. Rajarata , Eastern and the Defense university ( Fee levying ) , whose quality and standers are certainly not above or in par with to that of SITAM . The dabble standards adopted by the relevant authorities are detrimental to the founding principles of the free education of this country to provide equal access to education to all . It should be noted the fact that `` education is not a privilege of a few , but a right of all '' who want to have access to education at all levels . Jump up ^ `` GMOA Claims SAITM Is Sub-Standard The Sunday Leader '' . Thesundayleader.lk . Archived from the original on 2013 - 05 - 23 . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 25 . Jump up ^ List of medical schools in Thailand Jump up ^ Medical University of Pleven - English Programme Euromedschool.com Archived 2010 - 11 - 13 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ Medical University of Varna - English Programme Euromedschool.com Archived 2010 - 11 - 13 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ `` Titles in English '' . www.laeger.dk . Danish Medical Association . 5 February 2001 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 10 April 2016 . Jump up ^ `` University and degree systems in France '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2015 - 10 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` University of Iceland - Faculty of Medicine '' . University of Iceland . Archived from the original on 2009 - 06 - 30 . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 02 . Jump up ^ `` Regulation 305 / 1997 , 13 . May . Regulation on granting medical and speciality training licenses '' . Icelandic Ministry of Health . Retrieved 2010 - 02 - 02 . Jump up ^ `` Medical Education in Iceland '' . Medscape.com . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Undergraduate Medicine Course at RCSI Dublin - Entry requirements - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland '' . www.rcsi.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Graduate Entry Medicine Course at RCSI Dublin - Entry requirements - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland '' . www.rcsi.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` Graduate Entry Medicine Course at RCSI Dublin - Why RCSI Dublin ? - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland '' . www.rcsi.com . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` About Us '' . www.medicalcouncil.ie . Retrieved 2018 - 02 - 28 . Jump up ^ `` License to practice medicine in Sweden '' . Jump up ^ http://foreign.vnmu.edu.ua Jump up ^ The UK quality code for higher education Jump up ^ UK Medical Schools - www.ukmedicalschools.com Jump up ^ `` Study medicine - British Medical School Statistics '' . Study-medicine.co.uk . Retrieved 2008 - 09 - 08 . Jump up ^ Internal-optimist.blogspot.com , A UK medical student blog . An example of the mix of science and clinical training in medical school , retrieved on January 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Coverdale JH , Balon R , Roberts LW Mistreatment of Trainees : Verbal Abuse and Other Bullying Behaviors Academic Psychiatry 33 : Pages 269 - 273 , July - August 2009 Archived 2010 - 07 - 07 at Archive.is Jump up ^ Rotenstein , Lisa S. ; Ramos , Marco A. ; Torre , Matthew ; Segal , J. Bradley ; Peluso , Michael J. ; Guille , Constance ; Sen , Srijan ; Mata , Douglas A. ( 2016 - 12 - 06 ) . `` Prevalence of Depression , Depressive Symptoms , and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students : A Systematic Review and Meta - Analysis '' . JAMA. 316 ( 21 ) : 2214 -- 2236 . doi : 10.1001 / jama. 2016.17324 . ISSN 1538 - 3598 . PMID 27923088 . Jump up ^ Douglas A. Mata ; Marco A. Ramos ; Narinder Bansal ; Rida Khan ; Constance Guille ; Emanuele Di Angelantonio ; Srijan Sen ( 2015 ) . `` Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians : A Systematic Review and Meta - analysis '' . JAMA. 314 ( 22 ) : 2373 -- 2383 . doi : 10.1001 / jama. 2015.15845 . PMC 4866499 . PMID 26647259 . ^ Jump up to : Dyrbye LN , Thomas MR , Massie FS , et al. ( 2008 ) . `` Burnout and suicidal ideation among US medical students '' . Ann Intern Med. 149 : 334 -- 341 . doi : 10.7326 / 0003 - 4819 - 149 - 5 - 200809020 - 00008 . ^ Jump up to : Schwenk TL , Davis L , Wimsatt LA ( 2010 ) . `` Depression , stigma , and suicidal ideation in medical students '' . JAMA. 304 : 1181 -- 1190 . doi : 10.1001 / jama. 2010.1300 . Jump up ^ Kamiar - K. Rueckert ( 2016 ) . Depression and Quality of Life in German Medical Students At Foreign Universities . RSU International Conference Health and Social Science . p. 168 . doi : 10.13140 / RG. 2.1. 3727.0008 . ^ Jump up to : Medscape Med Students > Depression in Med School : You 're Not Alone by Kelly Chi , in turn citing : Jeong Y , Kim JY , Ryu JS , Lee KE , Ha EH , Park H. The associations between social support , health - related behaviors , socioeconomic status and depression in medical students . Epidemiol Health . 2010 ; 32 : e2010009 . Jump up ^ Lemon TI , Stone BA Increase in medical students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds - a positive for health care ? Adv Med Educ Pract. 2013 ; 4 : 39 -- 41 . Published online 2013 March 21 . doi : 10.2147 / AMEP. 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when can a med student be called doctor | ['Upon successful completion of medical school, students are granted the title of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). Residency training, which is a supervised training period of three to seven years (usually incorporating the 1st year internship)typically completed for specific areas of specialty. Physicians who sub-specialize or who desire more supervised experience may complete a fellowship, which is an additional one to four years of supervised training in their area of expertise.'] | ['Upon successful completion of medical school'] | Upon successful completion of medical school, students are granted the title of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). Residency training, which is a supervised training period of three to seven years (usually incorporating the 1st year internship)typically completed for specific areas of specialty. Physicians who sub-specialize or who desire more supervised experience may complete a fellowship, which is an additional one to four years of supervised training in their area of expertise. |
[question]: What is the title granted to medical school graduates?
[answer]: The title granted to medical school graduates is Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). | What is the title granted to medical school graduates? | The title granted to medical school graduates is Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.). | 1 | 7.291612 | 18 | 76 | 1 |
8,896 | -6,038,783,773,377,001,000 | Torvill and Dean | Torvill and Dean - wikipedia Torvill and Dean Jump to : navigation , search Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean Torvill and Dean on the Dancing on Ice tour in Manchester , 2011 Country represented United Kingdom Nottingham Former coach Betty Callaway Janet Sawbridge Retired 1984 , 1994 ( amateur ) , 1998 ( professional ) Medal record ( hide ) Figure skating : ice dancing Representing Great Britain Olympic Games 1984 Sarajevo Ice dancing 1994 Lillehammer Ice dancing World Championships 1981 Hartford Ice dancing 1982 Copenhagen Ice dancing 1983 Helsinki Ice dancing 1984 Ottawa Ice dancing European Championships 1981 Innsbruck Ice dancing 1982 Lyon Ice dancing 1984 Budapest Ice dancing 1994 Copenhagen Ice dancing British Figure Skating Championships 1977 Nottingham Ice dancing 1978 Nottingham Ice dancing 1979 Nottingham Ice dancing 1980 Nottingham Ice dancing 1981 Nottingham Ice dancing 1982 Nottingham Ice dancing 1983 Nottingham Ice dancing 1994 Sheffield Ice dancing Torvill and Dean ( Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ) are British ice dancers and former British , European , Olympic and World champions . At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time ( for a single programme ) receiving twelve perfect 6.0 s and six 5.9 s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge , after skating to Maurice Ravel 's Boléro . Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people . The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships , regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again . The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show , Ice Adventures , before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season . Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon 's `` Still Crazy After All These Years '' , a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition . Although remaining close friends , the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV 's Dancing on Ice . Both are from Nottingham , England , where the local National Ice Centre is accessed through a public area known as Bolero Square , in honour of the pair 's Olympic achievements . There is also a housing estate in the Wollaton area of the city with a street named ' Torvill Drive ' and another named ' Dean Close ' which is located just off Torvill Drive , with many of the surrounding roads named after coaches and dances associated with the pair . In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002 , the British public voted Torvill and Dean 's historic gold - medal - winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics as Number 8 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments . Contents ( hide ) 1 Careers 1.1 Partnership and the Olympics 1.2 Going professional 1.3 Return to the Olympics 1.4 Life after the Olympics 2 Style and approach 2.1 Use of narrative and thematic music 2.2 Complying with Olympic rules 3 Amateur competition results 4 Amateur competition dances 5 Professional competition results 6 Professional competition dances 7 The professional years 1984 -- 1998 7.1 Song of India 1984 7.2 Encounter 1984 7.3 Heaven and Hell 1985 ( Group Number ) 7.4 Venus 1985 7.5 Jupiter 1985 ( Group Number ) 7.6 Diablo Tango 1985 7.7 Shepherd 's Song 1986 7.8 Fire and Ice 1986 7.9 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Medley 1987 7.10 Eleanor 's Dream 1987 7.11 Paganini 1987 7.12 Missing 1987 7.13 Akhnaton 1987 7.14 Ragtime Poker 1987 7.15 Snow Maiden 1987 7.16 Echoes of Ireland 1989 7.17 Revolution / Imagine 1989 7.18 Arc of the Bell 1989 7.19 Oscar Tango 1990 7.20 Iceworks / Tilt 1991 7.21 Skater 's Waltz 1992 ( Group Number ) 7.22 Stormy Weather 1992 7.23 Low Commotion 1992 7.24 Drum Duet 1993 7.25 1994 to 1998 8 Dancing On Ice performances 9 Notes 10 External links Careers ( edit ) Partnership and the Olympics ( edit ) Around 1975 , Jayne Torvill was a former British Junior Pairs champion , and Christopher Dean and his partner had won a British Junior Ice Dance competition . Nottingham coach Janet Sawbridge put them together , and shortly afterwards , they started their ice dancing history . They took their first trophy in 1976 . They changed coaches to Betty Callaway in 1979 . After a 5th - place finish at their first Olympic Games , in Lake Placid in the 1980 Winter Olympics , and 4th place in the Worlds that year , they never took lower than first place in any competition they entered except the 1994 Winter Olympics . Singer - actor Michael Crawford was the fourth member of the team , along with their trainer . He became a mentor to them around 1981 , and went on to help them create their 1983 and 1984 Olympic routines , and `` taught them how to act '' . Crawford said of them , `` I found them to be delightful young people , the kind you want to help if you can . '' ( The Times November 1982 ) . He was present with their trainer at the ringside , when the team won their perfect Olympics score with their Boléro routine . ( Source : Torvill and Dean 's 1996 autobiography partially cited at ) ( For further information and biographies , see the individual articles on Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ) Going Professional ( edit ) Although Torvill and Dean had been able to leave their jobs as an insurance book clerk and policeman , respectively -- thanks to grants from the City of Nottingham -- they were not allowed to earn any money from skating as long as they wished to remain eligible for the Olympics . Turning professional in 1984 , they took advantage not only of the financial but of the artistic possibilities of their new status . They worked with Australian dance choreographer Graeme Murphy at first , and they were able to create not only routines for themselves but entire ice shows with a thematic coherence , which toured Australia , the U.S. , and Europe . Their projects included a filmed fairy tale `` Fire and Ice . '' In general , Dean would imagine the sequence he wanted to perform , and Torvill would work with him to refine it technically . They choreographed , as a team , for other ice dancers and skaters , particularly the Canadian brother -- sister team Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay , who skated for France at the Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics , taking the silver medal with their West Side Story routine . Return to the Olympics ( edit ) After ten years as professionals , Torvill and Dean decided to return to the amateur arena for the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer , Norway ( along with other great skaters of the 1980s , such as Brian Boitano and Katarina Witt , following a change in eligibility rules ) . The couple moved to Hamar , Norway , in 1993 in order to practise at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre which hosted the figure skating events . Their free dance was designed to re-establish some of the ideas about ice dance which they themselves had been instrumental in dismantling ; `` Let 's Face The Music and Dance '' had no swooning lovers , theatrical accessories , or strong ideological message ; instead , the emphasis was upon pure , light - hearted dance in the Astaire and Rogers tradition . The routine did have one move , an assisted lift , which pushed the envelope of the rules , though they had danced the routine at the European Championships with no indication from the judges of any problems . According to their joint autobiography , Facing the Music , the lift was technically legal because the rule prohibited lifts `` above the shoulders , '' and the lift they used was not above the shoulders . The judges placed Torvill and Dean third , giving the second to perennial silver medalists Usova and Zhulin , and the gold medal to Grishuk and Platov , who continued to win gold through the next four years . Life after the Olympics ( edit ) After the disappointing finish at Lillehammer , Torvill and Dean `` retired from competitive skating '' on 2 March 1994 . Instead , they continued with their planned and very successful `` Face the Music '' tour , to be followed by numerous other projects : Dean choreographed a suite of dances to the songs of Paul Simon for the English National Ballet , professional competitions , touring with Stars on Ice , and collaborating with cellist Yo - Yo Ma and director Patricia Rozema on the video Inspired by Bach : Six Gestures . In late 1998 , they produced an ice show at Wembley Stadium in London , `` Ice Adventures , '' which included a `` flying '' ice ballet and other wonders . In the meantime , they were still choreographing , notably for the dynamic French Ice Dance team , Anissina and Peizerat , who won first place in the World Championships in 2000 . In 1998 , the pair officially retired , each continuing to coach and choreograph separately . Since 2006 , they have acted as coaches , choreographers and performers in ITV 's Dancing on Ice and its Australian version Torvill and Dean 's Dancing on Ice . The ITV show returned for a fifth series in January 2010 . After the 2007 and 2008 UK series of Dancing on Ice , Torvill and Dean took the show on the road for a British tour ; a similar tour , the `` 25th Anniversary '' ( of their Sarajevo Olympic success ) took place in 2009 . In 2014 , Torvill and Dean returned to Sarajevo to dance the Bolero one more time , celebrating the 30 year anniversary of their Olympics performance . Invited by the mayor of Sarajevo ahead of the Youth Olympic Games in 2017 , the event helped raise funds for a permanent ice rink and reminded the world of their efforts to bring back the Olympics to Sarajevo. 2015 saw Torvill and Dean make their pantomime début at the Manchester Opera House , performing in `` Cinderella '' . Style and approach ( edit ) Use of narrative and thematic music ( edit ) Paraguay postage stamp of Torvill and Dean performing at the 1984 Winter Olympics After winning the 1981 World Figure Skating Championships ( which brought the distinction of MBEs ) , and with three more years before the Olympics , they began to plan routines which used a single piece of music and had some narrative or thematic element . At that time , Ice Dance `` long '' routines typically used several pieces of music , often with different rhythms to show off the command of different steps ( thus their Free Dance in 1981 used `` Fame '' , `` Caravan '' , `` Red Sails in the Sunset '' , and `` Sing , Sing , Sing '' ) ; the Original Set Pattern dance used only one piece of music , but the entire routine had to be performed three times in sequence , exactly the same way . In 1982 , they presented a long programme to the overture from the musical Mack and Mabel , which evoked the emotions of a sweet but stormy romance ; at the World Championships in 1983 , they enacted a visit to the circus with music from Barnum , a performance which brought them the honour of receiving the world 's first perfect score , with help from the stage show 's star , Michael Crawford ; in 1984 , at the Olympics , they stunned the world with Boléro , and also with their dramatic Paso Doble ( Capriccio Espagnol ) short routine , in which Torvill was the bullfighter 's cape . They had learned to choose and edit music carefully and design routines that were appealing both technically and imaginatively , and their completeness of presentation included thematically appropriate costumes . In 1989 , during the duo 's visit to Australia , they recorded an album Here We Stand , produced by Kevin Stanton with arrangements by Warwick Bone and Derek Williams , and recorded while Christopher Dean was laid up in Sydney , recuperating from a torn ligament . Sales of the album were poor , and this may have been due to the fact that the album featured the dancers singing the material ghosted by backing vocalists , instead of the music they danced to , however it survives on iTunes . Complying with Olympic rules ( edit ) Torvill and Dean 's 1984 Olympic free dance was skated to Maurice Ravel 's Boléro . Ravel 's original Boléro composition is over 17 minutes long . Olympics rules state that the free dance must be four minutes long ( plus or minus ten seconds ) . Torvill and Dean went to a music arranger to condense Boléro down to a `` skateable '' version . However , they were told that the minimum time that Boléro could be condensed down to was 4 minutes 28 seconds , 18 seconds in excess of the Olympics rules . Torvill and Dean reviewed the Olympic rule book and found that it stated that actual timing of a skating routine began when the skaters started skating . Therefore , they could use Boléro if they did not place their skates ' blades to ice for the first 18 seconds . They timed the performance so that when Torvill first placed a blade on the ice , they would have the maximum skating time remaining . Amateur competition results ( edit ) Event 1975 -- 1976 1976 -- 1977 1977 -- 1978 1978 -- 1979 1979 -- 1980 1980 -- 1981 1981 -- 1982 1982 -- 1983 1983 -- 1984 1993 -- 1994 Winter Olympic Games 5th 1st 3rd World Championships 11th 8th 4th 1st 1st 1st 1st European Championships 9th 6th 4th 1st 1st Withdrew 1st 1st British Championships 4th 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st NHK Trophy 2nd St Ivel International 1st 1st Oberstdorf 2nd 1st St Gervais 1st Morzine Trophy 2nd John Davis Trophy 1st Sheffield Trophy 1st Rotary Watches Competition 2nd Northern Championships 1st Amateur competition dances ( edit ) OSP Free Dance Exhibitions 1979 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue Evergreen 1980 Sing Sing Sing etc . 1981 Fame etc . History of Love ( version 1 ) 1982 Summertime Mack and Mabel The Hop , Kiss Me Kate , Fast Tap Rock n Roll Barnum Putting on the Ritz 1984 Paso Doble Boléro I Wo n't Send Roses 1994 History of Love ( version 2 ) Let 's Face the Music Boléro Professional competition results ( edit ) Event 1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 World Professional Championships 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st Challenge of Champions 1st 1st 1st World Team Championship 3rd 1st 1st Professional competition dances ( edit ) 1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 World Professional Championships Song of India , Encounter Diablo Tango , Venus Oscar Tango , Revolution / Imagine Still Crazy After All These Years , Cecilia Take Five , Hat Trick Challenge of Champions Echoes of Ireland Still Crazy After All These Years , Cecilia Take Five , Hat Trick World Team Championships Let 's Face the Music , Encounter Bridge Over Troubled Water , Cecilia Sarabande , Hat Trick The Professional years 1984 -- 1998 ( edit ) Song of India 1984 ( edit ) Music : Rimsky - Korsakov Known performance period 1984 -- 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1984 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) Technical piece Designed in Autumn 1984 for the World Professional Championships held in December 1984 ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 148 ) . The piece was choreographed jointly between Jayne and Chris together with Graeme Murphy , Artistic Director with the Sydney Dance Company at the time . The costumes consisted of both Jayne and Chris wearing billowing orange / red trousers with brief top pieces adorned with India jewels . The piece consists of a tremendous amount of drawn - out lifts , twisting , intertwining , and even sitting and rolling on the ice to create a balletic piece which they describe at evoking Indian sculptures . The piece was first performed at the 1984 Royal Variety Show in London , before going on to win with straight 10s at the 1984 World Professional Championships . An extended Company version of the dance was devised for the 1985 / 1986 World Tour . It is also known to have been performed again for the one - off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987 . The piece contains a unique move of immense technical balance , design , and strength , whereby Dean lifts Torvill feet - first , allowing her to take hold of his lower calf . He then lifts his one leg back with Torvill held horizontal across his body as he completes the lift gliding forward on one leg . The obvious difficulty and stunning symmetry of the lift made it quite a show stopper , and they can be seen to repeat the lift during the 1993 Skates of Gold Exhibition in Boston USA when they take to the ice with their peers from their amateur period : Marina Klimova & Sergei Ponomarenko , and Natalia Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin . Dean and Torvill showed that the years have done nothing to detract from their skill , strength and balance when they incorporated the same lift into a re-worked version of Bolero for the 2007 series of Dancing on Ice . Encounter 1984 ( edit ) Music : `` January Stars '' written and performed by George Otis Winston Known performance period 1984 -- 1995 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1984 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) Artistic piece World Team Championship 1994 Result : 1st Encounter runs at over six minutes and was for Torvill and Dean their most enduring professional performance , winning them the World Professional Championships in 1984 and known to be used as performance piece until 1987 . They resurrected the piece in 1994 to win at the World Team Championships . It is last known to have been performed at Wembley for the Face the Music World Tour filmed in June 1995 . The theme of the piece involves two people who walk past each other in the street , notice each other , do a double take , and instantly fall in love . What follows is a brief encounter of two people very much in love but destined to be apart . The costumes were minimalist and unobtrusive , in keeping with the understatedness of the piece , consisting in the 1980s of a small sleek light grey - blue dress for Torvill cut like a mini-skirt and a silver - grey outfit for Dean . When Encounter was performed in the 1990s , Torvill wore a dress designed to look identical to the original , while Dean now wore shirt and trousers to match the colour of Torvill 's outfit exactly . Heaven and hell 1985 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : derived from the Seven Deadly Sins Ballet Known performance period : 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known A ten - minute group number , with Torvill and Dean taking part in the Heaven section , dressing in cream - white outfits . Venus 1985 ( edit ) Music : Gustav Holst ( The Planet Suite ) Known performance period 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1985 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) This dance was devised as part of their first World Tour , and formed their number in the Planet Suite , with various members of the Company performing the other planet pieces and the whole company performing Jupiter . The premise of Venus is that Jayne is the Goddess of Love looking after the world ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 167 ) . The world is actually physically represented in the piece by large globe lit up inside and suspended by a wire ( controlled by a boom operator ) orbiting Torvill and Dean throughout the dance . The opening of the number was most unusual , consisting of an immensely tall Jayne skating on in a large voluminous cloak and sending the globe / sphere into orbit . Chris was in fact concealed within the cloak , lifting Jayne throughout the opening sequence , to then be revealed as the dance begins . The dance is extremely graceful , with many unusual lifts and intricate moves . The costumes were white , with Jayne wearing a white headscarf adorned with a gold coronet . The dance was used as the artistic piece for the 1985 World Championships which they won for the second year in a row . Jupiter 1985 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : Holst ( The Planet Suite ) Known performance period : 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known The spectacular finale piece for Torvill and Dean 's first World Tour involving Torvill and Dean spinning like heavenly bodies with half a dozen fliers around them in orbit on wires . At the end , all the lights would go off except for ultraviolet , leaving them apparently spinning in space ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 167 ) . Diablo Tango 1985 ( edit ) Music : ' Valentino Tango ' Janko Nilovic Known performance period 1985 -- 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1985 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 , 9 , 9 , 10 . ) Technical piece Another dance devised as part of their first World Tour , and also used to win as the technical piece in the 1985 World Professional Championships . This dance was Torvill and Dean 's first real venture into humour . Later notable comic dances would be Hatrick , Low Commotion , and Trunk Tango , but this remains arguably the most slapstick . Dean 's costume is Spanish in appearance , reflecting the Spanish music , consisting of an open - neck white shirt with a loose black tie , black trousers , and a large purple sash around his waist . Jayne is in a black 1920s ' outfit , complete with arm - length gloves and basin hat . Shepherd 's song 1986 ( edit ) Music : Baylero -- A Shepherd 's Song from Songs of the Auvergne Composer : Joseph Canteloube ; Sung by Kiri Te Kanawa Known performance period : 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This dance was designed specifically for the 1986 Sports Aid Gala , the proceeds of which went to causes in need in Africa . It is not clear whether it was ever performed again thereafter , but the photo caption on page 76 of Fire on Ice ( Wilson : 1994 ) suggests that it was then incorporated into the World Tour , at least for its next visit to Wembley . The lyrics are in fact those of a very simple old folk song depicting a Shepherd and Shepherdess calling to each other across mountain pastures . The booklet with the CD `` A La Francaise '' gives the following translation of the song : `` Shepherd , across the water , you are scarcely having a good time , Sing bailero , lero , lero . Scarcely , and you ? Sing bailero , lero . Shepherd , how do I get over there , there 's a big stream , sing bailero , lero . Wait , I 'll came and get you , Bailero , lero , lero . '' The dance begins and ends most unusually with the dancers lying entwined together asleep on the ice . The opening depicting daybreak and the end nightfall . In the reverse of Bolero , it is Dean who steps onto the ice first and brings Jayne to her feet . The dance is highly balletic , with operatic movements incorporated . At one point in the dance Torvill and Dean encircle each other catching hold of each other 's ice skate in constant succession creating a very beautiful , intricate and highly technical fluid movement . The costumes are very simple , with Torvill in white and Dean in a loose fitting armless shirt piece and brown trousers with white leg ties . Fire and ice 1986 ( edit ) Music : Carl Davis Written by : Tom Gutteridge Directed by : Tom Gutteridge Produced by : Nick Elliot Produced and Filmed for LWT : 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : Available on the Dancing on Ice 2006 DVD Torvill and Dean devised Fire and Ice in Australia with Graeme Murphy , sold it to LWT ( London Weekend Television -- part of ITV ) . It was written by Tom Gutteridge and Carl Davis and rehearsed and filmed in Germany ready for its UK television premier in Christmas 1986 . Fire and Ice is a full length company piece creating narrative ballet on ice . Set between the Planet of Fire and the Planet of Ice , it tells of a love story between a Prince of Fire and a Princess of Ice . It is a full set piece with visual designs and effects depicting different locations on the two planets and telling the story . The piece opens with Dean performing actually ballet within the catacombs of the Plant of Fire , while seeing Torvill in the blue flames of their altar . Upon diving in , he finds himself upon her planet . He meets her and , after taking some time to adapt to her planet , they fall in love . She gets called away to a Royal Ceremony but she rejoins him later . The following morning they are discovered and a violent attack is carried out on the Fire Prince by her own people . She pleads with her father to have mercy on him but he banishes her from his sight and the Fire Prince is left trapped in a prison of ice . Later the Ice Princess sneaks back to him and melts the ice with all her strength , leaving her close to death . The Fire Prince revives her and they are together once more . Meanwhile , the Prince 's own people have witnessed his fate in the flames and have arrived on the Planet of Ice . A war breaks out which ends in the death of both the Prince 's and Princess 's fathers . Devastated and alone , they find each other once more and grieve . As time heals their wounds and their love endures , a distant archway appears towering over the icy mountains . We watch them make their journey towards the arch and finally enter and make their break for freedom and a new life together . Released all over the world on video and DVD , the production is unique in Torvill and Dean 's repertoire -- their feature film . The piece contains many dances between the two of them , some of them comic ( including one where Dean is actually wearing ordinary shoes on the ice as he is learning to adapt ) , some of them romantic and passionate , and some of them highly dramatic , including dancing separately with the company dancers representing the people from their respective planets . For the most part , Dean wears a costume almost identical in design to his Song of India costume , only this time , rather than being red and orange , this one is red and burgundy , representing his fiery origins . Torvill wears an Ice Queen costume complete with crown , silver hair , and silver blue dress cut like icicles at the bottom . Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers medley 1987 ( edit ) Music : Irving Berlin : `` Steppin ' Out '' / `` Change Partners '' and `` Dance with Me '' / `` Cheek to Cheek '' / `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' / `` Top Hat '' Known performance period : 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This medley of Irving Berlin numbers danced in tribute to Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers was devised for the brief tour Torvill and Dean did with the Ice Capades in 1987 , but continued as the final number throughout their long Russian All Stars Tour into 1990 . For costumes Chris wore full white tie , waistcoat , and tails , while Jayne wore a flowing near full - length blue dress complete with blue feather boa . Although neatly choreographed with spectacular music and lighting effects , it was arguably not as evocative of Fred and Ginger or as technically accomplished as the amazing `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' routines that they performed at the Skate Canada Amateur exhibition in 1982 . One impressive component however was the incorporation of tap steps on ice during the middle of the routine . During the All Stars Tour ( and possibly the Ice Capades as well ) they kept to a similar theme for the final bow , skating on with the company to I Got Rhythm . Eleanor 's dream 1987 ( edit ) Music : Eleanor Rigby -- Paul McCartney Performance period 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : None known Little is known about this piece and it has never been released commercially and possibly never recorded . It was created as one of their pieces for the 1987 Ice Capades Tour . In their autobiography , Dean states that he passed on the dance for Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay to perform in 1988 , and that the dance was about the relationship between a boy and a girl , with the boy breaking in upon the woman 's dreams Excerpt taken from : Torvill and Dean : Romancing the Ice -- Ice Cycles 1988 Both Dean and Torvill seem eager for responses to their new routines in the show and gratified with the verdict that everything is just great , with special accolades going to `` Eleanor Rigby '' . It was their newest routine and it 's a very interesting version of the song , undertaken with Paul McCartney , having little relation to the earlier Beatles recording . The version used was from the soundtrack of McCartney 's film Give My Regards to Broad Street . Dean and Torvill hated the movie but really liked that version of the song . `` It 's sort of our version of a dream sequence , '' says Dean , referring to their routine . `` And I 'm Eleanor , '' Torvill says simply . Torvill is the fragile title character , clad in muted white with pastel tones across the costume . He is a kind of dream lover to her , dressed in mostly black ; he is both exciting and dangerous . She fears him , but she wants him too , and eventually her desire overcomes her fear . That is ultimately her undoing , as he twirls her round and round his body and she can do nothing but be manoeuvred at this will . It ends with her in a crucifix form across his back as he carries her off into the fog . She was right to fear him after all ... Paganini 1987 ( edit ) Music : Nicolò Paganini Known performance period 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Paganini is a full Company Ballet choreographed by Tatiana Tarasova , with Torvill and Dean , together with lead dancer Yuri Ovchinikov as the leads . The performance consists of many highly balletic dances between Torvill and Dean and a few solo performances with the other company members present on the ice . The piece does evoke traditional Russian ballet and both Torvill and Dean perform extremely well throughout with many beautiful and unique moves . The costumes are simple -- Chris in a flamboyant white shirt piece and Jayne all in white , very similar to , if not the same as , as her costume in Shepherd 's Song . Originally filmed and performed for the one - off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987 , it is not clear whether it became a permanent part of the Russian All Stars Tour , but it seems likely that it was performed in at least the first five months of the Tour . It is not clear whether another company performance they were working on under Chris 's choreography at the time , La Ronde , was ever completed or performed . It would appear that it was probably disbanded and replaced with Akhnaton . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography : Tatiana wanted to do a story of Paganini , portraying two sides to his character . Niccolo Paganini was many things : the greatest violin virtuoso of the last century , a composer , the megastar of his day , and romantic adventurer devoured by melancholy . He had seemed to Tatiana to be a perfect hero for Russian -- a soul in conflict with himself . Yuri Ovchinikov would be dancing Paganini 's crazy persona , Chris dancing the creative one , with Jayne as the great man 's muse . Neither of us took to the number , but restrained ourselves for the sake of a peaceful life . Missing 1987 ( edit ) Music : Dolencias -- Incantation Known performance period 1987 -- 1994 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Performed to South American music , this routine was always very dimly lit for performance , giving the impression of two people on the run , traveling at night and contending with the elements . Chris wears grey - brown trousers and shirt , with Jayne in a simple one - colour burnt red dress . The symmetry in this dance is stunning , particularly the spinning moves created specifically to demonstrate the despair of the dancers / characters . They performed this throughout the Russian All Stars Tour and at various exhibitions including the 1990 Sports Aid Gala and recreated it in 1994 for the American Artistry on Ice documentary . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 201 ) : One thing that required our attention was Chris 's response to some Andean music , which reminded him of the terrible things -- particularly the officially sanctioned kidnappings -- that had been happening in Chile and Argentina in recent years . The subject was very much in the air after the Falklands War , and more recently the Costa Gavras movie , Missing . Chris saw in his mind those who had vanished , the fathers , mothers , husbands , wives , lovers , friends and children , and devised a series of movements linking two people who could be seen as friends or brother and sister , confronting authority , cowering before it , searching for lost loved ones , and ending where they started , in limbo . Akhnaton 1987 ( edit ) Music : Akhnaten -- Philip Glass Known performance period 1987 -- 1989 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : Yes ( YouTube ) Akhnaton is another company performance devised for the Russian All Stars Tour that was never commercially released on film , and no known copies exist . The costumes were of traditional Egyptian royalty design . The piece received good reviews including repeated praise in the New York Times , and they refer to the piece regularly in their autobiography . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography : Chris had been interested for a while in ancient Middle Eastern history , and on a trip to London immersed himself in the Egyptian room of the British Museum . He liked the feel of the mythology , Isis and Osiris , Pharaoh as god , the idea of dying as rebirth into the real world , the richness of the funerary ornamentation , all that gold lapis lazuli , the stylised poses in the paintings , the hieroglyphics , and in particular the love story of Akhnaton and his queen Nefertiti . Then by chance we came across the CD of a new opera by Philip Glass , called , of all things Akhnaton . This is not exactly top ten material -- minimalist style , vastly long phrases of repeated notes , but in mood just what Chris was looking for . All we needed was to reduce a three - hour epic to 30 minutes . To do that demanded total immersion in the story and imagery . It was an odd thing to do , which involved some long negotiations on our behalf with Philip Glass himself . The dance opened with a strong image to seize and hold the audience . A huge pyramid of silk , 25 - foot square at its base , was being admired by modern tourists . Suddenly , a line attached to the top whipped the pyramid up and away , revealing the world of ordinary Egyptians in the 14th century BC , all in skirts and sandal - like skates . Chris as the Pharaoh made his entry carried on a throne , which led into a love sequence with Jayne as Nefertiti , then a rebellion by the people and a royal death , leaving Jayne / Nefertiti in mourning . Ragtime poker 1987 ( edit ) Music : Known performance period 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Widely available on the Russian All Stars video realised in 1990 , the group number involved the whole company dressed up as a pack of cards -- representing different suits , numbers , and court characters . It is a very lighthearted piece with little substance and was clearly provided as accessible comic relief from the other more demanding group pieces . Jayne and Chris come on at the end with the spades . Each dancer carries a large representing card , Jayne 's is the Queen of Spades and Chris 's is the King . Jayne skates mainly with the female skaters in a group with Chris joining them , defending them from the comic advances of the Joker in the pack . Chris wears black trousers , white shirt and waistcoat , with a sparkly red bowtie and jacket with gold lapels . Jayne has a very short flashy red dress with a spade in the middle . Snow Maiden 1987 ( edit ) Music : The Procession of the Tsar Berendy -- Rimski - Koraskov Known performance period 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Presumably designed at the beginning of the All Stars Tour , though possibly not until later in the run , this is something of a forgotten masterpiece , even though it has always been available on the Russian All Stars video . Both are dressed in shiny white outfits with blue and mauve embroidery . The ice is lit a wintry blue and the movements take full advantage of the images of Husky - drawn sleighs , winter pageants , and snow - covered landscapes that the music evokes so successfully . The dance is immensely fast and yet graceful at the same time . It actually begins in a static lift already posed as the lights go up , and it contains many large lifts from then on . Jayne leaps effortlessly onto Chris 's shoulders on a number of occasions and , in one move , even leaps all the way round him , going above his head , with seemingly very little assistance ( they later incorporated this move into Mack and Mabel for their Face the Music Tour in the mid ' 90s ) . It contains many symmetrical dance steps and large sweeping arm gestures , with a succession of impressive lifts and a series of symmetrical jumps and leaps carried out in perfect unison with each other , giving the impression of animals running through the forest . Unique to this dance is a series of two symmetrical steps where they literally leap high into the air together but leaning forward with their inside leg bent as they plunge back to the ground , putting their outside leg straight out behind them . The move actually makes them look like two stags leaping and bounding and thrusting their antlers forward . The piece ends with Jayne throwing herself onto Chris , who bends with Jayne balanced on his knees and allows himself to fall flat on to his back , ending with Jayne suspended in the air held up by Chris , forming a dramatic and very beautiful final tableau as Chris continues to glide across the ice on his back . Hi grace Echoes of Ireland 1989 ( edit ) Music : Known performance period 1989 -- 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : Challenge of the Champions Innsbruck Austria 1990 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 -- Artistic ) ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 -- Technical ) Devised initially as one of the new extra pieces for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour , this piece went on to be performed for competition to win the World Professional Championships in 1990 , and they were still performing a section of it by their 1992 Ukrainian Tour . In the 1992 `` Simply the Best '' documentary , Chris states `` in Echoes of Ireland we visited the country to get an idea of the people and their music before we choreographed this piece for the ice '' . The finished piece is actually an ensemble of three quite separate routines , which they later performed in different orders or simply on their own . The first is a tradition lighthearted Irish jig with some very clever footwork . The second is a more sombre dance done to older tradition Irish Folk music . The third piece is a more modern piece , a very beautiful new age number done to a song sung by an Irish female artist . This final dance includes an unusual lift where Jayne jumps up and sits high upon one of Chris 's shoulders facing the opposite way from him . The costumes consist of brown trousers , cream shirt , yellow neckerchief , and green - check waistcoat for Chris , and an off - orange dress with embroidered collar and sleeves and white apron for Jayne . Revolution / Imagine 1989 ( edit ) Music : Revolution -- The Beatles / Imagine -- John Lennon Known performance period 1989 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Result : 1st ( 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 10 , 10 ) Performed during the latter half of the All Stars Tour and also used to win the 1990 World Professional Championships , this piece is very different from any other they performed . It was highly technical , physically demanding with a lot of high and drawn - out lifts , and visually very impressive . True to the style of the music , Revolution is extremely fast - paced and performed with an aggression that neither had displayed before . The movements express violence , dissent , anguish , and entrapment . The costumes were very sophisticated in style : Chris wore back trousers , white open - necked shirt , and a smart black and purple waistcoat , while Jayne wore black trousers and a voluminous white silk blouse . What was particularly unusual about Jayne 's costume was that she actually wore black skates to blend right in with her trousers . While Chris always wore skates the dominant colour of his costume , even when in trousers Jayne rarely did , consistently skating in white skates in nearly all routines . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 -- 228 ) : Revolution was most ambitious . Its inspiration was a Montréal dance group we had seen in Sydney with the odd name of La La La Human Steps , whose rapid , machine - gun , staccato movements were unlike anything we had seen before . Chris thought the technique might be adapted for the ice , if we replaced the dancers ' lifts and throws with quick - fire upper - body movements . It was long , fast and very testing , not only of our abilities as dancers , but also as actors , in particular Jayne , who had to go completely against character , with vicious movements and displays of anger . That was new , not only for her : nobody to our knowledge had done anything like this on ice before . In the 1991 Blade Runners documentary Jayne says : `` I did n't like Revolution at first because I 'm not an aggressive person , so it was good that he pushed it because it brought out another side of me -- another character that I could portray '' . Chris then goes on to explain the theme of the piece , and explains how it leads into imagine and why the perform the two pieces together : `` the idea is of it 's a young couple that have been married for a few years and it 's not that fairytale life of happiness . Which happens to a lot of people -- that something goes wrong and tension builds and anger grows within that . And I wanted to put that onto the ice -- this raw aggression -- and overstate it -- so that , for people sitting right the way back , it becomes literal though body . But it follows on in a sort of resolve -- not necessarily a happy ending -- it then goes into Imagine . Maybe there is something else , maybe there is a compromise or at least an understanding of their situation . They may not get back together or it may not be resolved but they 've analysed that they have a problem and maybe there is something to work towards and achieve a happier solution '' . Arc of the bell 1989 ( edit ) Music : Arvo Part Known performance period 1989 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known Little is known of this piece other than it is a modern piece by composer Arvo Part ( source : Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 ) . It has never been commercially available and no footage has come to light on the internet . It was the third routine designed in 1989 for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour . Oscar Tango 1990 ( edit ) Music : Simon Jeffes & Piers Harry Known performance period : 1990 -- 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Result : 1st When Torvill and Dean decided to compete professionally again in 1990 , they used three pieces already designed for both the Ice Capades and the Russian All Stars , but Oscar Tango was the one new piece specifically designed as the technical routine for the World Professional Championships , which they went on to win . The piece is entirely unique in that the first minute and a half is skated in total silence , with the music only beginning after this time . In that time Jayne and Chris stamp out a series of extremely precise , sharp , and fast tango steps entirely separately from each other , but in complete unison and perfect split - second timing . In the `` Story So Far ... '' video released in 1996 , Chris explains that `` the movements in the silence represent the typical tango , but as the music begins we wanted to express the inner feelings of these two dancers '' . However , it could also be interpreted that they are dancing with other partners during the silence ( both hold a stance as if miming holding an invisible partner ) for whom they feel no connection , only to lose all rigidity when they find each other , instead experiencing total connection , fluidity of movement , and emotion through dancing with each other . The costumes were a patterned blend of sky , royal , and navy blues starting light at the top and getting gradually darker . A lot of new moves were created for this piece , many of which they would call upon again throughout the routines they devised from 1994 -- 1998 . This included a whole series of moves that were lifted direct from Oscar Tango and placed within the Olympic version of ' Lets Face the Music ' , moves that were to be repeated in ' In My Life ' , and a highly strenuous move whereby Chris lifts Jayne upside down and she puts her legs vertically in the air high above his head before swinging them back down to lie vertically across Chris balancing on his bent knees . This move was used again in ' In Trutina ' during their 1995 -- 96 World Tour and again for ' Bridge Over Troubled Water ' also devised in 1995 . They created the move once more in 2006 , this time incorporating it into their shortened and redesigned version of Bolero . Iceworks / Tilt 1991 ( edit ) Music : Andy Sheppard Known performance period : 1991 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes In 1990 , the BBC programme Omnibus approached Torvill and Dean to do a programme on their choreography . The documentary focused on how their choreography had advanced during their professional years , away from the rigid rules of amateur competition , focusing on the comic performance of Hat Trick , the political expression of Missing , the technical accomplishment of Oscar Tango , and the stylistic performance of Revolution / Imagine . The documentary also scored a first by persuading Chris and Jayne to produce an entirely new dance especially for it . The piece was named Iceworks for the documentary but later named Tilt when performed at events . As a televisual piece Iceworks was able to have dry ice effects , an artistic backdrop , and highly evocative lighting effects . The up - and - coming Jazz composer Andy Sheppard was asked to compose an entirely new piece of music specifically for the routine , and Chris worked closely with him on the composition process . The music was derived initially by blending saxophone with the sound of Chris and Jayne 's blades gliding across the ice ; thereafter a beat kicks in together with a slightly ethereal simple tune . The costumes consisted of matching ( though not identical ) all - in - one tight - fitting pieces consisting of a mix of pastel colours : yellow , pink , mauve , and blue . Designing this dance was fraught with difficulty for both Chris and Jayne : `` I could n't relate to the stark , modern music that had been commissioned by the Omnibus people . To be frank , I could n't understand Chris 's ideas for the music , could n't understand what he was trying to get me to do '' ( source : Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 -- 228 ) . They were working to a tight deadline for the programme but in the end the pressure became too much and the programme was delayed with the BBC 's agreement . Jayne took a two - week break with her just - married husband Phil Christensen before returning to start work with Chris on Oscar Tango . Iceworks was later completed for transmission as part of Omnibus in 1991 , and achieved the highest viewing figures ever for the programme . Skater 's waltz 1992 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : Waldteufel Known performance period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known This was the opening number of the 1992 Best of Torvill and Dean Tour that they performed with a Ukrainian ice dancing company . Only a small clip of it is known to be available on the internet , so not an awful lot is known about the dance except that it is a group number with Torvill and Dean performing with the whole company . Their costumes in this piece are possibly their most unusual of any of their performances . Jayne wears a white fur hat and a blue velvet dress with white fur finish and ornate and decorative gold ties and buttons pattern in the middle . Chris similarly wears a blue velvet top piece with the same gold effect , white trousers with a single blue stripe on each leg , and a velvet blue jacket with fur finish slung over his shoulder throughout the routine . The final section of this show had a weather theme , and the final bow call was done to Over the Rainbow which has the whole company skate on , with Torvill and Dean arriving last to take their bow last with the whole company . Stormy weather 1992 ( edit ) Music : Harold Arien and Ted Koechier Known Performance Period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes A love - on - the - rocks number , with similarities in theme to Revolution , but this piece is more suggestive of heartbreak and rejection , possibly that of a couple going through divorce or the discovery of an affair or some other deception . Chris wears the same pale grey - blue outfit that he wears for the later performances of Encounter , while Jayne wears a stunning silky grey - silver dress that swirls out at the bottom and genuinely does conjure an image of storm clouds . It is a very fluid piece with a lot of swinging motions . Low Commotion 1992 ( edit ) Music : Ry Cooder Known Performance Period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Another unique piece where Chris and Jayne really experiment with a new type of music and a very different type of footwork . The routine is very fast and demanding , including a section where they skate backwards away from each other and back in a series of three , each time bringing their inside blades within inches of each other , relying on absolutely perfect judgement . Many of Torvill and Dean 's routines involve the display of one particular move three times in a row and this routine plays a joke on this concept when Chris flips Jayne over 360 twice in a row , with Jayne flipping Chris the third time and then flexing her muscles at the audience . They perform the routine in Texas - style barn dance costumes , both in straw hat and blue denim dungarees , Jayne with a red and white check lumberjack shirt , pigtails , and freckles , and Chris wearing a neckerchief . In the 1992 Simply the Best documentary Jayne explains that the characters are based loosely on those in The Tales of Tom Sawyer . The dance is extremely fast , but then when the music peters out at the end , the dancers seem to lose interest or even remember what they were doing and they just stroll off the ice . There was a company piece called Hoedown which either preceded or followed this routine , but it is not clear whether or not Torvill and Dean were actually in the group number . Drum duet 1993 ( edit ) Music : Genesis Known Performance Period : 1993 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This was the last new routine that they choreographed before they began work on their Olympic routines . The costumes are extremely colourful and deliberately clashing . Torvill wears pink leggings , red shirt , and orange waistcoat , and Dean wears blue trousers , purple , pink , and blue shirt , and garish blue waistcoat . The music is a series of drumbeats / percussion to which they skate in a long series of intricate steps at speed across the ice . This includes a lot of fast backwards sections , separate jumps , twists , and turns in complete unison . The piece was designed for their stint as guest artists on the Tom Collins Tour of World Figure Skating Champions . 1994 to 1998 ( edit ) In Trutina 1994 Paperback Writer 1994 In My Life 1994 Lucy in the Sky 1994 Cecilia 1995 Bridge Over Troubled Water 1995 Still Crazy 1995 ( performed again in 1998 as their final dance before retiring ) Six Gestures 1996 Take Five 1996 Mumbo Jumbo 1997 Red Hat 1997 Winter Express 1997 Exotic Fish 1997 Jazz Fish 1997 Flying Fish 1997 The Hockey Event 1997 Only He Will Do 1997 New Year 's Eve Final 1997 Still Crazy 1998 Dancing on ice performances ( edit ) Torvill and Dean have performed several times during each TV series . Series One ( 2006 ) `` Let 's Face the Music and Dance '' Mack and Mabel & Barnum tributes `` Viva Las Vegas '' `` Let Me Entertain You '' `` Foot Loose '' `` Angels '' `` Sing , Sing , Sing ( With a Swing ) '' Boléro Series Two ( 2007 ) `` A Kind of Magic '' `` Imagine '' `` Diamonds Are a Girl 's Best Friend '' `` I Like The Way ( You Move ) '' `` These Boots Are Made For Walkin ' '' `` Shine '' `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' `` Moondance '' `` Over the Rainbow '' Boléro Unplugged `` Gold '' Series Three ( 2008 ) `` Get the Party Started '' ( Shirley Bassey version ) `` Feelin ' Good '' ( Michael Bublé version ) `` World of our Own '' `` One '' ( Jayne with ensemble ) `` Fields of Gold '' Sixties - themed Group Number `` Valerie '' `` Sway '' ( The Pussycat Dolls version ) `` Footprints in the Sand '' Boléro revisited ( with Julian Lloyd Webber ) `` The Best Is Yet to Come '' Series Four ( 2009 ) `` Swing with Me '' `` From A Distance '' ( with Bette Midler ) `` Wake Me Up Before You Go - Go '' ( Group Number ) `` Let It Go '' ( with Will Young ) `` It 's Raining Men '' ( Group Number ) `` Save the Last Dance for Me '' ( Michael Bublé version ) `` Untouchable '' ( with Girls Aloud ) Boléro Series Five ( 2010 ) Love Never Dies ( with Katherine Jenkins ) `` Use Somebody '' ( with Pixie Lott ) `` Your Song '' ( with Ellie Goulding ) `` Have n't Met You Yet '' Boléro Series Six ( 2011 ) `` Let 's Get It Started '' `` Copacabana '' ( pros number ) `` Yellow '' ( with sand artist David Myriam ) Argentine tango to `` Dance With Me '' `` Why Do Fools Fall in Love '' ( The Overtones version ) `` What The World Needs Now Is Love '' ( sung by Rumer ) Boléro ( with David Garrett ) Series Seven ( 2012 ) `` The Edge of Glory '' `` Jar of Hearts '' ( with Christina Perri ) Boléro Series Eight ( 2013 ) `` Better Together '' `` Accentuate the Positive '' ( with Jools Holland 's Rhythm Blues and Blues Orchestra and Rumer ) `` Never Tear Us Apart '' ( INXS version ) Boléro Series Nine ( 2014 ) `` In My Life '' ( with Rebecca Ferguson ) `` The Power of Love '' `` Let 's Face the Music and Dance '' Boléro Series Ten ( 2018 ) `` The Impossible Dream ( The Quest ) '' Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 1984 : Torvill and Dean 's perfection '' . BBC . 15 March 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` 1984 : British ice couple score Olympic gold '' . BBC On the Day , 14 February 1984 . 14 February 1984 . Retrieved 25 May 2010 . Jump up ^ 100 GREATEST SPORTING MOMENTS -- RESULTS Channel 4 Jump up ^ `` Anecdotes '' . Members.nuvox.net . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Frustration forces Torvill and Dean to retire : Ice dancers will not compete in world championships '' . Bangor Daily News . Maine , United States . Associated Press . 3 March 1994 . p. 11 . Retrieved 26 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Furness , Hannah . `` Torvill and Dean return to Sarajevo ice for emotional Bolero performance '' . The Telegraph . The Telegraph . Retrieved 22 April 2015 . Jump up ^ Gaylen , McGee . `` Return the Olympics to Sarajevo '' . Retrieved 1 November 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cinderella starring Torvill and Dean '' . Retrieved 29 November 2015 . Jump up ^ YouTube -- Torvill and Dean Barnum Archived 26 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Here We Stand . Discogs Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Warwick Bone . Discogs Jump up ^ Warwick Bone . www.move.com.au Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Derek Williams . Discogs Jump up ^ Derek Williams Jump up ^ ( June 1989 ) . Torvill & Dean History ( 1989 ) . Official site . ( Sydney , Australia ) Jump up ^ Here We Stand . iTunes Jump up ^ Slater , Nicky ( 5 February 2009 ) . `` Torvill & Dean : What really went on when the skates came off '' . Daily Mail . London . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1979 World Figure Skating Championships , Ice Dancing , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 21 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean Evergreen '' . YouTube . 5 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1980 Winter Games , Ice Dancing , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 20 December 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1981 World Figure Skating Championships , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 24 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 1981 History Of Love Torvill and Dean '' . YouTube . 21 June 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1982 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1983 Part 1 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1983 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Torvill & Dean -- 1984 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1984 Sarajevo , Figure Skating , Exhibition ( Encore ) '' . YouTube . 4 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1994 Part 1 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1994 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Timeline '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1984 World Pros , Ice Dancing , Technical Dance '' . YouTube . 9 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean Worlds Pro 1985 '' . YouTube . 16 April 2011 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill and Dean Venus '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1990 World Professionals , Ice Dancing , Technical Dance '' . YouTube . 14 June 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Revolution / Imagine ( 1990 WPC ) '' . YouTube . 6 August 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Still Crazy ( 1995 WPC ) '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill&Dean `` Take Five '' 1996 `` . YouTube . 21 April 2008 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill and Dean Hat Trick 1996 WTC '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1990 World Challenge of Champions , Ice Dancing Event '' . YouTube . 14 June 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean 1994 Team Championships Encounter '' . YouTube . 7 September 2007 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Bridge Over Troubled Water '' . YouTube . 9 July 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean -- Cecilia '' . YouTube . 27 July 2006 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ http://www.goldenskate.com/figure-skating-results/ Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 139 ) ^ Jump up to : ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 149 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 158 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 179 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 191 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 235 ) . Jump up ^ ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 199 ) Jump up ^ ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 202 ) External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torvill and Dean . Torvill & Dean Official Site TandDTalk -- A Torvill and Dean Forum Unreality TV -- News of Torvill and Dean on ITVs Dancing On Ice Video Footage : Barnum -- Torvill and Dean -- 1983 World Championships Video Footage : Bolero -- Torvill and Dean -- 1984 Olympics TV performance of Bolero 2008 ( hide ) BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award 1954 Christopher Chataway 1955 Gordon Pirie 1956 Jim Laker 1957 Dai Rees 1958 Ian Black 1959 John Surtees 1960 David Broome 1961 Stirling Moss 1962 Anita Lonsbrough 1963 Dorothy Hyman 1964 Mary Rand 1965 Tom Simpson 1966 Bobby Moore 1967 Henry Cooper 1968 David Hemery 1969 Ann Jones 1970 Henry Cooper 1971 HRH The Princess Anne 1972 Mary Peters 1973 Jackie Stewart 1974 Brendan Foster 1975 David Steele 1976 John Curry 1977 Virginia Wade 1978 Steve Ovett 1979 Sebastian Coe 1980 Robin Cousins 1981 Ian Botham 1982 Daley Thompson 1983 Steve Cram 1984 Torvill and Dean ( Jayne Torvill & Christopher Dean ) 1985 Barry McGuigan 1986 Nigel Mansell 1987 Fatima Whitbread 1988 Steve Davis 1989 Nick Faldo 1990 Paul Gascoigne 1991 Liz McColgan 1992 Nigel Mansell 1993 Linford Christie 1994 Damon Hill 1995 Jonathan Edwards 1996 Damon Hill 1997 Greg Rusedski 1998 Michael Owen 1999 Lennox Lewis 2000 Steve Redgrave 2001 David Beckham 2002 Paula Radcliffe 2003 Jonny Wilkinson 2004 Kelly Holmes 2005 Andrew Flintoff 2006 Zara Phillips 2007 Joe Calzaghe 2008 Chris Hoy 2009 Ryan Giggs 2010 Tony McCoy 2011 Mark Cavendish 2012 Bradley Wiggins 2013 Andy Murray 2014 Lewis Hamilton 2015 Andy Murray 2016 Andy Murray 2017 Mo Farah Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torvill_and_Dean&oldid=841856178 '' Categories : Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain Sport in Nottingham Sports duos English ice dancers Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from October 2011 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009 Articles containing French - language text Pages using div col with deprecated parameters Commons category without a link on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 18 May 2018 , at 14 : 34 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did jane and chris win the olympics | ['Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are British ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time (for a single programme) receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and six 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel\'s Boléro.[1][2] Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.[2] The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon\'s "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV\'s Dancing on Ice.'] | ['Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics'] | Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are British ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time (for a single programme) receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and six 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro.[1][2] Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.[2] The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice. |
[question]: What is the name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics?
[answer]: The name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics is Torvill and Dean. | What is the name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics? | The name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics is Torvill and Dean. | 1 | 7.287718 | 19 | 189 | 1 |
11,131 | -4,439,928,820,713,733,600 | Torvill and Dean | Torvill and Dean - wikipedia Torvill and Dean Jump to : navigation , search Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean Torvill and Dean on the Dancing on Ice tour in Manchester , 2011 Country represented United Kingdom Nottingham Former coach Betty Callaway Janet Sawbridge Retired 1984 , 1994 ( amateur ) , 1998 ( professional ) Medal record ( hide ) Figure skating : ice dancing Representing Great Britain Olympic Games 1984 Sarajevo Ice dancing 1994 Lillehammer Ice dancing World Championships 1981 Hartford Ice dancing 1982 Copenhagen Ice dancing 1983 Helsinki Ice dancing 1984 Ottawa Ice dancing European Championships 1981 Innsbruck Ice dancing 1982 Lyon Ice dancing 1984 Budapest Ice dancing 1994 Copenhagen Ice dancing British Figure Skating Championships 1977 Nottingham Ice dancing 1978 Nottingham Ice dancing 1979 Nottingham Ice dancing 1980 Nottingham Ice dancing 1981 Nottingham Ice dancing 1982 Nottingham Ice dancing 1983 Nottingham Ice dancing 1994 Sheffield Ice dancing Torvill and Dean ( Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ) are British ice dancers and former British , European , Olympic and World champions . At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time ( for a single programme ) receiving twelve perfect 6.0 s and six 5.9 s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge , after skating to Maurice Ravel 's Boléro . Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people . The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships , regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again . The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show , Ice Adventures , before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season . Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon 's `` Still Crazy After All These Years '' , a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition . Although remaining close friends , the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV 's Dancing on Ice . Both are from Nottingham , England , where the local National Ice Centre is accessed through a public area known as Bolero Square , in honour of the pair 's Olympic achievements . There is also a housing estate in the Wollaton area of the city with a street named ' Torvill Drive ' and another named ' Dean Close ' which is located just off Torvill Drive , with many of the surrounding roads named after coaches and dances associated with the pair . In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002 , the British public voted Torvill and Dean 's historic gold - medal - winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics as Number 8 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments . Contents ( hide ) 1 Careers 1.1 Partnership and the Olympics 1.2 Going professional 1.3 Return to the Olympics 1.4 Life after the Olympics 2 Style and approach 2.1 Use of narrative and thematic music 2.2 Complying with Olympic rules 3 Amateur competition results 4 Amateur competition dances 5 Professional competition results 6 Professional competition dances 7 The professional years 1984 -- 1998 7.1 Song of India 1984 7.2 Encounter 1984 7.3 Heaven and Hell 1985 ( Group Number ) 7.4 Venus 1985 7.5 Jupiter 1985 ( Group Number ) 7.6 Diablo Tango 1985 7.7 Shepherd 's Song 1986 7.8 Fire and Ice 1986 7.9 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Medley 1987 7.10 Eleanor 's Dream 1987 7.11 Paganini 1987 7.12 Missing 1987 7.13 Akhnaton 1987 7.14 Ragtime Poker 1987 7.15 Snow Maiden 1987 7.16 Echoes of Ireland 1989 7.17 Revolution / Imagine 1989 7.18 Arc of the Bell 1989 7.19 Oscar Tango 1990 7.20 Iceworks / Tilt 1991 7.21 Skater 's Waltz 1992 ( Group Number ) 7.22 Stormy Weather 1992 7.23 Low Commotion 1992 7.24 Drum Duet 1993 7.25 1994 to 1998 8 Dancing On Ice performances 9 Notes 10 External links Careers ( edit ) Partnership and the Olympics ( edit ) Around 1975 , Jayne Torvill was a former British Junior Pairs champion , and Christopher Dean and his partner had won a British Junior Ice Dance competition . Nottingham coach Janet Sawbridge put them together , and shortly afterwards , they started their ice dancing history . They took their first trophy in 1976 . They changed coaches to Betty Callaway in 1979 . After a 5th - place finish at their first Olympic Games , in Lake Placid in the 1980 Winter Olympics , and 4th place in the Worlds that year , they never took lower than first place in any competition they entered except the 1994 Winter Olympics . Singer - actor Michael Crawford was the fourth member of the team , along with their trainer . He became a mentor to them around 1981 , and went on to help them create their 1983 and 1984 Olympic routines , and `` taught them how to act '' . Crawford said of them , `` I found them to be delightful young people , the kind you want to help if you can . '' ( The Times November 1982 ) . He was present with their trainer at the ringside , when the team won their perfect Olympics score with their Boléro routine . ( Source : Torvill and Dean 's 1996 autobiography partially cited at ) ( For further information and biographies , see the individual articles on Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean ) Going Professional ( edit ) Although Torvill and Dean had been able to leave their jobs as an insurance book clerk and policeman , respectively -- thanks to grants from the City of Nottingham -- they were not allowed to earn any money from skating as long as they wished to remain eligible for the Olympics . Turning professional in 1984 , they took advantage not only of the financial but of the artistic possibilities of their new status . They worked with Australian dance choreographer Graeme Murphy at first , and they were able to create not only routines for themselves but entire ice shows with a thematic coherence , which toured Australia , the U.S. , and Europe . Their projects included a filmed fairy tale `` Fire and Ice . '' In general , Dean would imagine the sequence he wanted to perform , and Torvill would work with him to refine it technically . They choreographed , as a team , for other ice dancers and skaters , particularly the Canadian brother -- sister team Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay , who skated for France at the Albertville 1992 Winter Olympics , taking the silver medal with their West Side Story routine . Return to the Olympics ( edit ) After ten years as professionals , Torvill and Dean decided to return to the amateur arena for the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer , Norway ( along with other great skaters of the 1980s , such as Brian Boitano and Katarina Witt , following a change in eligibility rules ) . The couple moved to Hamar , Norway , in 1993 in order to practise at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre which hosted the figure skating events . Their free dance was designed to re-establish some of the ideas about ice dance which they themselves had been instrumental in dismantling ; `` Let 's Face The Music and Dance '' had no swooning lovers , theatrical accessories , or strong ideological message ; instead , the emphasis was upon pure , light - hearted dance in the Astaire and Rogers tradition . The routine did have one move , an assisted lift , which pushed the envelope of the rules , though they had danced the routine at the European Championships with no indication from the judges of any problems . According to their joint autobiography , Facing the Music , the lift was technically legal because the rule prohibited lifts `` above the shoulders , '' and the lift they used was not above the shoulders . The judges placed Torvill and Dean third , giving the second to perennial silver medalists Usova and Zhulin , and the gold medal to Grishuk and Platov , who continued to win gold through the next four years . Life after the Olympics ( edit ) After the disappointing finish at Lillehammer , Torvill and Dean `` retired from competitive skating '' on 2 March 1994 . Instead , they continued with their planned and very successful `` Face the Music '' tour , to be followed by numerous other projects : Dean choreographed a suite of dances to the songs of Paul Simon for the English National Ballet , professional competitions , touring with Stars on Ice , and collaborating with cellist Yo - Yo Ma and director Patricia Rozema on the video Inspired by Bach : Six Gestures . In late 1998 , they produced an ice show at Wembley Stadium in London , `` Ice Adventures , '' which included a `` flying '' ice ballet and other wonders . In the meantime , they were still choreographing , notably for the dynamic French Ice Dance team , Anissina and Peizerat , who won first place in the World Championships in 2000 . In 1998 , the pair officially retired , each continuing to coach and choreograph separately . Since 2006 , they have acted as coaches , choreographers and performers in ITV 's Dancing on Ice and its Australian version Torvill and Dean 's Dancing on Ice . The ITV show returned for a fifth series in January 2010 . After the 2007 and 2008 UK series of Dancing on Ice , Torvill and Dean took the show on the road for a British tour ; a similar tour , the `` 25th Anniversary '' ( of their Sarajevo Olympic success ) took place in 2009 . In 2014 , Torvill and Dean returned to Sarajevo to dance the Bolero one more time , celebrating the 30 year anniversary of their Olympics performance . Invited by the mayor of Sarajevo ahead of the Youth Olympic Games in 2017 , the event helped raise funds for a permanent ice rink and reminded the world of their efforts to bring back the Olympics to Sarajevo. 2015 saw Torvill and Dean make their pantomime début at the Manchester Opera House , performing in `` Cinderella '' . Style and approach ( edit ) Use of narrative and thematic music ( edit ) Paraguay postage stamp of Torvill and Dean performing at the 1984 Winter Olympics After winning the 1981 World Figure Skating Championships ( which brought the distinction of MBEs ) , and with three more years before the Olympics , they began to plan routines which used a single piece of music and had some narrative or thematic element . At that time , Ice Dance `` long '' routines typically used several pieces of music , often with different rhythms to show off the command of different steps ( thus their Free Dance in 1981 used `` Fame '' , `` Caravan '' , `` Red Sails in the Sunset '' , and `` Sing , Sing , Sing '' ) ; the Original Set Pattern dance used only one piece of music , but the entire routine had to be performed three times in sequence , exactly the same way . In 1982 , they presented a long programme to the overture from the musical Mack and Mabel , which evoked the emotions of a sweet but stormy romance ; at the World Championships in 1983 , they enacted a visit to the circus with music from Barnum , a performance which brought them the honour of receiving the world 's first perfect score , with help from the stage show 's star , Michael Crawford ; in 1984 , at the Olympics , they stunned the world with Boléro , and also with their dramatic Paso Doble ( Capriccio Espagnol ) short routine , in which Torvill was the bullfighter 's cape . They had learned to choose and edit music carefully and design routines that were appealing both technically and imaginatively , and their completeness of presentation included thematically appropriate costumes . In 1989 , during the duo 's visit to Australia , they recorded an album Here We Stand , produced by Kevin Stanton with arrangements by Warwick Bone and Derek Williams , and recorded while Christopher Dean was laid up in Sydney , recuperating from a torn ligament . Sales of the album were poor , and this may have been due to the fact that the album featured the dancers singing the material ghosted by backing vocalists , instead of the music they danced to , however it survives on iTunes . Complying with Olympic rules ( edit ) Torvill and Dean 's 1984 Olympic free dance was skated to Maurice Ravel 's Boléro . Ravel 's original Boléro composition is over 17 minutes long . Olympics rules state that the free dance must be four minutes long ( plus or minus ten seconds ) . Torvill and Dean went to a music arranger to condense Boléro down to a `` skateable '' version . However , they were told that the minimum time that Boléro could be condensed down to was 4 minutes 28 seconds , 18 seconds in excess of the Olympics rules . Torvill and Dean reviewed the Olympic rule book and found that it stated that actual timing of a skating routine began when the skaters started skating . Therefore , they could use Boléro if they did not place their skates ' blades to ice for the first 18 seconds . They timed the performance so that when Torvill first placed a blade on the ice , they would have the maximum skating time remaining . Amateur competition results ( edit ) Event 1975 -- 1976 1976 -- 1977 1977 -- 1978 1978 -- 1979 1979 -- 1980 1980 -- 1981 1981 -- 1982 1982 -- 1983 1983 -- 1984 1993 -- 1994 Winter Olympic Games 5th 1st 3rd World Championships 11th 8th 4th 1st 1st 1st 1st European Championships 9th 6th 4th 1st 1st Withdrew 1st 1st British Championships 4th 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st NHK Trophy 2nd St Ivel International 1st 1st Oberstdorf 2nd 1st St Gervais 1st Morzine Trophy 2nd John Davis Trophy 1st Sheffield Trophy 1st Rotary Watches Competition 2nd Northern Championships 1st Amateur competition dances ( edit ) OSP Free Dance Exhibitions 1979 Slaughter on Tenth Avenue Evergreen 1980 Sing Sing Sing etc . 1981 Fame etc . History of Love ( version 1 ) 1982 Summertime Mack and Mabel The Hop , Kiss Me Kate , Fast Tap Rock n Roll Barnum Putting on the Ritz 1984 Paso Doble Boléro I Wo n't Send Roses 1994 History of Love ( version 2 ) Let 's Face the Music Boléro Professional competition results ( edit ) Event 1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 World Professional Championships 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st Challenge of Champions 1st 1st 1st World Team Championship 3rd 1st 1st Professional competition dances ( edit ) 1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 World Professional Championships Song of India , Encounter Diablo Tango , Venus Oscar Tango , Revolution / Imagine Still Crazy After All These Years , Cecilia Take Five , Hat Trick Challenge of Champions Echoes of Ireland Still Crazy After All These Years , Cecilia Take Five , Hat Trick World Team Championships Let 's Face the Music , Encounter Bridge Over Troubled Water , Cecilia Sarabande , Hat Trick The Professional years 1984 -- 1998 ( edit ) Song of India 1984 ( edit ) Music : Rimsky - Korsakov Known performance period 1984 -- 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1984 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) Technical piece Designed in Autumn 1984 for the World Professional Championships held in December 1984 ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 148 ) . The piece was choreographed jointly between Jayne and Chris together with Graeme Murphy , Artistic Director with the Sydney Dance Company at the time . The costumes consisted of both Jayne and Chris wearing billowing orange / red trousers with brief top pieces adorned with India jewels . The piece consists of a tremendous amount of drawn - out lifts , twisting , intertwining , and even sitting and rolling on the ice to create a balletic piece which they describe at evoking Indian sculptures . The piece was first performed at the 1984 Royal Variety Show in London , before going on to win with straight 10s at the 1984 World Professional Championships . An extended Company version of the dance was devised for the 1985 / 1986 World Tour . It is also known to have been performed again for the one - off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987 . The piece contains a unique move of immense technical balance , design , and strength , whereby Dean lifts Torvill feet - first , allowing her to take hold of his lower calf . He then lifts his one leg back with Torvill held horizontal across his body as he completes the lift gliding forward on one leg . The obvious difficulty and stunning symmetry of the lift made it quite a show stopper , and they can be seen to repeat the lift during the 1993 Skates of Gold Exhibition in Boston USA when they take to the ice with their peers from their amateur period : Marina Klimova & Sergei Ponomarenko , and Natalia Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin . Dean and Torvill showed that the years have done nothing to detract from their skill , strength and balance when they incorporated the same lift into a re-worked version of Bolero for the 2007 series of Dancing on Ice . Encounter 1984 ( edit ) Music : `` January Stars '' written and performed by George Otis Winston Known performance period 1984 -- 1995 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1984 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) Artistic piece World Team Championship 1994 Result : 1st Encounter runs at over six minutes and was for Torvill and Dean their most enduring professional performance , winning them the World Professional Championships in 1984 and known to be used as performance piece until 1987 . They resurrected the piece in 1994 to win at the World Team Championships . It is last known to have been performed at Wembley for the Face the Music World Tour filmed in June 1995 . The theme of the piece involves two people who walk past each other in the street , notice each other , do a double take , and instantly fall in love . What follows is a brief encounter of two people very much in love but destined to be apart . The costumes were minimalist and unobtrusive , in keeping with the understatedness of the piece , consisting in the 1980s of a small sleek light grey - blue dress for Torvill cut like a mini-skirt and a silver - grey outfit for Dean . When Encounter was performed in the 1990s , Torvill wore a dress designed to look identical to the original , while Dean now wore shirt and trousers to match the colour of Torvill 's outfit exactly . Heaven and hell 1985 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : derived from the Seven Deadly Sins Ballet Known performance period : 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known A ten - minute group number , with Torvill and Dean taking part in the Heaven section , dressing in cream - white outfits . Venus 1985 ( edit ) Music : Gustav Holst ( The Planet Suite ) Known performance period 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1985 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . ) This dance was devised as part of their first World Tour , and formed their number in the Planet Suite , with various members of the Company performing the other planet pieces and the whole company performing Jupiter . The premise of Venus is that Jayne is the Goddess of Love looking after the world ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 167 ) . The world is actually physically represented in the piece by large globe lit up inside and suspended by a wire ( controlled by a boom operator ) orbiting Torvill and Dean throughout the dance . The opening of the number was most unusual , consisting of an immensely tall Jayne skating on in a large voluminous cloak and sending the globe / sphere into orbit . Chris was in fact concealed within the cloak , lifting Jayne throughout the opening sequence , to then be revealed as the dance begins . The dance is extremely graceful , with many unusual lifts and intricate moves . The costumes were white , with Jayne wearing a white headscarf adorned with a gold coronet . The dance was used as the artistic piece for the 1985 World Championships which they won for the second year in a row . Jupiter 1985 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : Holst ( The Planet Suite ) Known performance period : 1985 -- 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known The spectacular finale piece for Torvill and Dean 's first World Tour involving Torvill and Dean spinning like heavenly bodies with half a dozen fliers around them in orbit on wires . At the end , all the lights would go off except for ultraviolet , leaving them apparently spinning in space ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 167 ) . Diablo Tango 1985 ( edit ) Music : ' Valentino Tango ' Janko Nilovic Known performance period 1985 -- 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Washington 1985 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 , 9 , 9 , 10 . ) Technical piece Another dance devised as part of their first World Tour , and also used to win as the technical piece in the 1985 World Professional Championships . This dance was Torvill and Dean 's first real venture into humour . Later notable comic dances would be Hatrick , Low Commotion , and Trunk Tango , but this remains arguably the most slapstick . Dean 's costume is Spanish in appearance , reflecting the Spanish music , consisting of an open - neck white shirt with a loose black tie , black trousers , and a large purple sash around his waist . Jayne is in a black 1920s ' outfit , complete with arm - length gloves and basin hat . Shepherd 's song 1986 ( edit ) Music : Baylero -- A Shepherd 's Song from Songs of the Auvergne Composer : Joseph Canteloube ; Sung by Kiri Te Kanawa Known performance period : 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This dance was designed specifically for the 1986 Sports Aid Gala , the proceeds of which went to causes in need in Africa . It is not clear whether it was ever performed again thereafter , but the photo caption on page 76 of Fire on Ice ( Wilson : 1994 ) suggests that it was then incorporated into the World Tour , at least for its next visit to Wembley . The lyrics are in fact those of a very simple old folk song depicting a Shepherd and Shepherdess calling to each other across mountain pastures . The booklet with the CD `` A La Francaise '' gives the following translation of the song : `` Shepherd , across the water , you are scarcely having a good time , Sing bailero , lero , lero . Scarcely , and you ? Sing bailero , lero . Shepherd , how do I get over there , there 's a big stream , sing bailero , lero . Wait , I 'll came and get you , Bailero , lero , lero . '' The dance begins and ends most unusually with the dancers lying entwined together asleep on the ice . The opening depicting daybreak and the end nightfall . In the reverse of Bolero , it is Dean who steps onto the ice first and brings Jayne to her feet . The dance is highly balletic , with operatic movements incorporated . At one point in the dance Torvill and Dean encircle each other catching hold of each other 's ice skate in constant succession creating a very beautiful , intricate and highly technical fluid movement . The costumes are very simple , with Torvill in white and Dean in a loose fitting armless shirt piece and brown trousers with white leg ties . Fire and ice 1986 ( edit ) Music : Carl Davis Written by : Tom Gutteridge Directed by : Tom Gutteridge Produced by : Nick Elliot Produced and Filmed for LWT : 1986 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : Available on the Dancing on Ice 2006 DVD Torvill and Dean devised Fire and Ice in Australia with Graeme Murphy , sold it to LWT ( London Weekend Television -- part of ITV ) . It was written by Tom Gutteridge and Carl Davis and rehearsed and filmed in Germany ready for its UK television premier in Christmas 1986 . Fire and Ice is a full length company piece creating narrative ballet on ice . Set between the Planet of Fire and the Planet of Ice , it tells of a love story between a Prince of Fire and a Princess of Ice . It is a full set piece with visual designs and effects depicting different locations on the two planets and telling the story . The piece opens with Dean performing actually ballet within the catacombs of the Plant of Fire , while seeing Torvill in the blue flames of their altar . Upon diving in , he finds himself upon her planet . He meets her and , after taking some time to adapt to her planet , they fall in love . She gets called away to a Royal Ceremony but she rejoins him later . The following morning they are discovered and a violent attack is carried out on the Fire Prince by her own people . She pleads with her father to have mercy on him but he banishes her from his sight and the Fire Prince is left trapped in a prison of ice . Later the Ice Princess sneaks back to him and melts the ice with all her strength , leaving her close to death . The Fire Prince revives her and they are together once more . Meanwhile , the Prince 's own people have witnessed his fate in the flames and have arrived on the Planet of Ice . A war breaks out which ends in the death of both the Prince 's and Princess 's fathers . Devastated and alone , they find each other once more and grieve . As time heals their wounds and their love endures , a distant archway appears towering over the icy mountains . We watch them make their journey towards the arch and finally enter and make their break for freedom and a new life together . Released all over the world on video and DVD , the production is unique in Torvill and Dean 's repertoire -- their feature film . The piece contains many dances between the two of them , some of them comic ( including one where Dean is actually wearing ordinary shoes on the ice as he is learning to adapt ) , some of them romantic and passionate , and some of them highly dramatic , including dancing separately with the company dancers representing the people from their respective planets . For the most part , Dean wears a costume almost identical in design to his Song of India costume , only this time , rather than being red and orange , this one is red and burgundy , representing his fiery origins . Torvill wears an Ice Queen costume complete with crown , silver hair , and silver blue dress cut like icicles at the bottom . Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers medley 1987 ( edit ) Music : Irving Berlin : `` Steppin ' Out '' / `` Change Partners '' and `` Dance with Me '' / `` Cheek to Cheek '' / `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' / `` Top Hat '' Known performance period : 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This medley of Irving Berlin numbers danced in tribute to Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers was devised for the brief tour Torvill and Dean did with the Ice Capades in 1987 , but continued as the final number throughout their long Russian All Stars Tour into 1990 . For costumes Chris wore full white tie , waistcoat , and tails , while Jayne wore a flowing near full - length blue dress complete with blue feather boa . Although neatly choreographed with spectacular music and lighting effects , it was arguably not as evocative of Fred and Ginger or as technically accomplished as the amazing `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' routines that they performed at the Skate Canada Amateur exhibition in 1982 . One impressive component however was the incorporation of tap steps on ice during the middle of the routine . During the All Stars Tour ( and possibly the Ice Capades as well ) they kept to a similar theme for the final bow , skating on with the company to I Got Rhythm . Eleanor 's dream 1987 ( edit ) Music : Eleanor Rigby -- Paul McCartney Performance period 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : None known Little is known about this piece and it has never been released commercially and possibly never recorded . It was created as one of their pieces for the 1987 Ice Capades Tour . In their autobiography , Dean states that he passed on the dance for Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay to perform in 1988 , and that the dance was about the relationship between a boy and a girl , with the boy breaking in upon the woman 's dreams Excerpt taken from : Torvill and Dean : Romancing the Ice -- Ice Cycles 1988 Both Dean and Torvill seem eager for responses to their new routines in the show and gratified with the verdict that everything is just great , with special accolades going to `` Eleanor Rigby '' . It was their newest routine and it 's a very interesting version of the song , undertaken with Paul McCartney , having little relation to the earlier Beatles recording . The version used was from the soundtrack of McCartney 's film Give My Regards to Broad Street . Dean and Torvill hated the movie but really liked that version of the song . `` It 's sort of our version of a dream sequence , '' says Dean , referring to their routine . `` And I 'm Eleanor , '' Torvill says simply . Torvill is the fragile title character , clad in muted white with pastel tones across the costume . He is a kind of dream lover to her , dressed in mostly black ; he is both exciting and dangerous . She fears him , but she wants him too , and eventually her desire overcomes her fear . That is ultimately her undoing , as he twirls her round and round his body and she can do nothing but be manoeuvred at this will . It ends with her in a crucifix form across his back as he carries her off into the fog . She was right to fear him after all ... Paganini 1987 ( edit ) Music : Nicolò Paganini Known performance period 1987 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Paganini is a full Company Ballet choreographed by Tatiana Tarasova , with Torvill and Dean , together with lead dancer Yuri Ovchinikov as the leads . The performance consists of many highly balletic dances between Torvill and Dean and a few solo performances with the other company members present on the ice . The piece does evoke traditional Russian ballet and both Torvill and Dean perform extremely well throughout with many beautiful and unique moves . The costumes are simple -- Chris in a flamboyant white shirt piece and Jayne all in white , very similar to , if not the same as , as her costume in Shepherd 's Song . Originally filmed and performed for the one - off televised production with the Russian All Stars at the Luzhniki rink in Moscow in 1987 , it is not clear whether it became a permanent part of the Russian All Stars Tour , but it seems likely that it was performed in at least the first five months of the Tour . It is not clear whether another company performance they were working on under Chris 's choreography at the time , La Ronde , was ever completed or performed . It would appear that it was probably disbanded and replaced with Akhnaton . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography : Tatiana wanted to do a story of Paganini , portraying two sides to his character . Niccolo Paganini was many things : the greatest violin virtuoso of the last century , a composer , the megastar of his day , and romantic adventurer devoured by melancholy . He had seemed to Tatiana to be a perfect hero for Russian -- a soul in conflict with himself . Yuri Ovchinikov would be dancing Paganini 's crazy persona , Chris dancing the creative one , with Jayne as the great man 's muse . Neither of us took to the number , but restrained ourselves for the sake of a peaceful life . Missing 1987 ( edit ) Music : Dolencias -- Incantation Known performance period 1987 -- 1994 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Performed to South American music , this routine was always very dimly lit for performance , giving the impression of two people on the run , traveling at night and contending with the elements . Chris wears grey - brown trousers and shirt , with Jayne in a simple one - colour burnt red dress . The symmetry in this dance is stunning , particularly the spinning moves created specifically to demonstrate the despair of the dancers / characters . They performed this throughout the Russian All Stars Tour and at various exhibitions including the 1990 Sports Aid Gala and recreated it in 1994 for the American Artistry on Ice documentary . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 201 ) : One thing that required our attention was Chris 's response to some Andean music , which reminded him of the terrible things -- particularly the officially sanctioned kidnappings -- that had been happening in Chile and Argentina in recent years . The subject was very much in the air after the Falklands War , and more recently the Costa Gavras movie , Missing . Chris saw in his mind those who had vanished , the fathers , mothers , husbands , wives , lovers , friends and children , and devised a series of movements linking two people who could be seen as friends or brother and sister , confronting authority , cowering before it , searching for lost loved ones , and ending where they started , in limbo . Akhnaton 1987 ( edit ) Music : Akhnaten -- Philip Glass Known performance period 1987 -- 1989 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : Yes ( YouTube ) Akhnaton is another company performance devised for the Russian All Stars Tour that was never commercially released on film , and no known copies exist . The costumes were of traditional Egyptian royalty design . The piece received good reviews including repeated praise in the New York Times , and they refer to the piece regularly in their autobiography . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography : Chris had been interested for a while in ancient Middle Eastern history , and on a trip to London immersed himself in the Egyptian room of the British Museum . He liked the feel of the mythology , Isis and Osiris , Pharaoh as god , the idea of dying as rebirth into the real world , the richness of the funerary ornamentation , all that gold lapis lazuli , the stylised poses in the paintings , the hieroglyphics , and in particular the love story of Akhnaton and his queen Nefertiti . Then by chance we came across the CD of a new opera by Philip Glass , called , of all things Akhnaton . This is not exactly top ten material -- minimalist style , vastly long phrases of repeated notes , but in mood just what Chris was looking for . All we needed was to reduce a three - hour epic to 30 minutes . To do that demanded total immersion in the story and imagery . It was an odd thing to do , which involved some long negotiations on our behalf with Philip Glass himself . The dance opened with a strong image to seize and hold the audience . A huge pyramid of silk , 25 - foot square at its base , was being admired by modern tourists . Suddenly , a line attached to the top whipped the pyramid up and away , revealing the world of ordinary Egyptians in the 14th century BC , all in skirts and sandal - like skates . Chris as the Pharaoh made his entry carried on a throne , which led into a love sequence with Jayne as Nefertiti , then a rebellion by the people and a royal death , leaving Jayne / Nefertiti in mourning . Ragtime poker 1987 ( edit ) Music : Known performance period 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Widely available on the Russian All Stars video realised in 1990 , the group number involved the whole company dressed up as a pack of cards -- representing different suits , numbers , and court characters . It is a very lighthearted piece with little substance and was clearly provided as accessible comic relief from the other more demanding group pieces . Jayne and Chris come on at the end with the spades . Each dancer carries a large representing card , Jayne 's is the Queen of Spades and Chris 's is the King . Jayne skates mainly with the female skaters in a group with Chris joining them , defending them from the comic advances of the Joker in the pack . Chris wears black trousers , white shirt and waistcoat , with a sparkly red bowtie and jacket with gold lapels . Jayne has a very short flashy red dress with a spade in the middle . Snow Maiden 1987 ( edit ) Music : The Procession of the Tsar Berendy -- Rimski - Koraskov Known performance period 1987 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Presumably designed at the beginning of the All Stars Tour , though possibly not until later in the run , this is something of a forgotten masterpiece , even though it has always been available on the Russian All Stars video . Both are dressed in shiny white outfits with blue and mauve embroidery . The ice is lit a wintry blue and the movements take full advantage of the images of Husky - drawn sleighs , winter pageants , and snow - covered landscapes that the music evokes so successfully . The dance is immensely fast and yet graceful at the same time . It actually begins in a static lift already posed as the lights go up , and it contains many large lifts from then on . Jayne leaps effortlessly onto Chris 's shoulders on a number of occasions and , in one move , even leaps all the way round him , going above his head , with seemingly very little assistance ( they later incorporated this move into Mack and Mabel for their Face the Music Tour in the mid ' 90s ) . It contains many symmetrical dance steps and large sweeping arm gestures , with a succession of impressive lifts and a series of symmetrical jumps and leaps carried out in perfect unison with each other , giving the impression of animals running through the forest . Unique to this dance is a series of two symmetrical steps where they literally leap high into the air together but leaning forward with their inside leg bent as they plunge back to the ground , putting their outside leg straight out behind them . The move actually makes them look like two stags leaping and bounding and thrusting their antlers forward . The piece ends with Jayne throwing herself onto Chris , who bends with Jayne balanced on his knees and allows himself to fall flat on to his back , ending with Jayne suspended in the air held up by Chris , forming a dramatic and very beautiful final tableau as Chris continues to glide across the ice on his back . Hi grace Echoes of Ireland 1989 ( edit ) Music : Known performance period 1989 -- 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : Challenge of the Champions Innsbruck Austria 1990 Result : 1st ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 -- Artistic ) ( 10 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 10 , 9.9 -- Technical ) Devised initially as one of the new extra pieces for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour , this piece went on to be performed for competition to win the World Professional Championships in 1990 , and they were still performing a section of it by their 1992 Ukrainian Tour . In the 1992 `` Simply the Best '' documentary , Chris states `` in Echoes of Ireland we visited the country to get an idea of the people and their music before we choreographed this piece for the ice '' . The finished piece is actually an ensemble of three quite separate routines , which they later performed in different orders or simply on their own . The first is a tradition lighthearted Irish jig with some very clever footwork . The second is a more sombre dance done to older tradition Irish Folk music . The third piece is a more modern piece , a very beautiful new age number done to a song sung by an Irish female artist . This final dance includes an unusual lift where Jayne jumps up and sits high upon one of Chris 's shoulders facing the opposite way from him . The costumes consist of brown trousers , cream shirt , yellow neckerchief , and green - check waistcoat for Chris , and an off - orange dress with embroidered collar and sleeves and white apron for Jayne . Revolution / Imagine 1989 ( edit ) Music : Revolution -- The Beatles / Imagine -- John Lennon Known performance period 1989 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Result : 1st ( 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 9.9 , 10 , 10 , 10 ) Performed during the latter half of the All Stars Tour and also used to win the 1990 World Professional Championships , this piece is very different from any other they performed . It was highly technical , physically demanding with a lot of high and drawn - out lifts , and visually very impressive . True to the style of the music , Revolution is extremely fast - paced and performed with an aggression that neither had displayed before . The movements express violence , dissent , anguish , and entrapment . The costumes were very sophisticated in style : Chris wore back trousers , white open - necked shirt , and a smart black and purple waistcoat , while Jayne wore black trousers and a voluminous white silk blouse . What was particularly unusual about Jayne 's costume was that she actually wore black skates to blend right in with her trousers . While Chris always wore skates the dominant colour of his costume , even when in trousers Jayne rarely did , consistently skating in white skates in nearly all routines . Excerpt taken from Torvill and Dean 's autobiography ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 -- 228 ) : Revolution was most ambitious . Its inspiration was a Montréal dance group we had seen in Sydney with the odd name of La La La Human Steps , whose rapid , machine - gun , staccato movements were unlike anything we had seen before . Chris thought the technique might be adapted for the ice , if we replaced the dancers ' lifts and throws with quick - fire upper - body movements . It was long , fast and very testing , not only of our abilities as dancers , but also as actors , in particular Jayne , who had to go completely against character , with vicious movements and displays of anger . That was new , not only for her : nobody to our knowledge had done anything like this on ice before . In the 1991 Blade Runners documentary Jayne says : `` I did n't like Revolution at first because I 'm not an aggressive person , so it was good that he pushed it because it brought out another side of me -- another character that I could portray '' . Chris then goes on to explain the theme of the piece , and explains how it leads into imagine and why the perform the two pieces together : `` the idea is of it 's a young couple that have been married for a few years and it 's not that fairytale life of happiness . Which happens to a lot of people -- that something goes wrong and tension builds and anger grows within that . And I wanted to put that onto the ice -- this raw aggression -- and overstate it -- so that , for people sitting right the way back , it becomes literal though body . But it follows on in a sort of resolve -- not necessarily a happy ending -- it then goes into Imagine . Maybe there is something else , maybe there is a compromise or at least an understanding of their situation . They may not get back together or it may not be resolved but they 've analysed that they have a problem and maybe there is something to work towards and achieve a happier solution '' . Arc of the bell 1989 ( edit ) Music : Arvo Part Known performance period 1989 -- 1990 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known Little is known of this piece other than it is a modern piece by composer Arvo Part ( source : Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 ) . It has never been commercially available and no footage has come to light on the internet . It was the third routine designed in 1989 for the second leg of the Russian All Stars Tour . Oscar Tango 1990 ( edit ) Music : Simon Jeffes & Piers Harry Known performance period : 1990 -- 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Competition : World Professional Championships Result : 1st When Torvill and Dean decided to compete professionally again in 1990 , they used three pieces already designed for both the Ice Capades and the Russian All Stars , but Oscar Tango was the one new piece specifically designed as the technical routine for the World Professional Championships , which they went on to win . The piece is entirely unique in that the first minute and a half is skated in total silence , with the music only beginning after this time . In that time Jayne and Chris stamp out a series of extremely precise , sharp , and fast tango steps entirely separately from each other , but in complete unison and perfect split - second timing . In the `` Story So Far ... '' video released in 1996 , Chris explains that `` the movements in the silence represent the typical tango , but as the music begins we wanted to express the inner feelings of these two dancers '' . However , it could also be interpreted that they are dancing with other partners during the silence ( both hold a stance as if miming holding an invisible partner ) for whom they feel no connection , only to lose all rigidity when they find each other , instead experiencing total connection , fluidity of movement , and emotion through dancing with each other . The costumes were a patterned blend of sky , royal , and navy blues starting light at the top and getting gradually darker . A lot of new moves were created for this piece , many of which they would call upon again throughout the routines they devised from 1994 -- 1998 . This included a whole series of moves that were lifted direct from Oscar Tango and placed within the Olympic version of ' Lets Face the Music ' , moves that were to be repeated in ' In My Life ' , and a highly strenuous move whereby Chris lifts Jayne upside down and she puts her legs vertically in the air high above his head before swinging them back down to lie vertically across Chris balancing on his bent knees . This move was used again in ' In Trutina ' during their 1995 -- 96 World Tour and again for ' Bridge Over Troubled Water ' also devised in 1995 . They created the move once more in 2006 , this time incorporating it into their shortened and redesigned version of Bolero . Iceworks / Tilt 1991 ( edit ) Music : Andy Sheppard Known performance period : 1991 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes In 1990 , the BBC programme Omnibus approached Torvill and Dean to do a programme on their choreography . The documentary focused on how their choreography had advanced during their professional years , away from the rigid rules of amateur competition , focusing on the comic performance of Hat Trick , the political expression of Missing , the technical accomplishment of Oscar Tango , and the stylistic performance of Revolution / Imagine . The documentary also scored a first by persuading Chris and Jayne to produce an entirely new dance especially for it . The piece was named Iceworks for the documentary but later named Tilt when performed at events . As a televisual piece Iceworks was able to have dry ice effects , an artistic backdrop , and highly evocative lighting effects . The up - and - coming Jazz composer Andy Sheppard was asked to compose an entirely new piece of music specifically for the routine , and Chris worked closely with him on the composition process . The music was derived initially by blending saxophone with the sound of Chris and Jayne 's blades gliding across the ice ; thereafter a beat kicks in together with a slightly ethereal simple tune . The costumes consisted of matching ( though not identical ) all - in - one tight - fitting pieces consisting of a mix of pastel colours : yellow , pink , mauve , and blue . Designing this dance was fraught with difficulty for both Chris and Jayne : `` I could n't relate to the stark , modern music that had been commissioned by the Omnibus people . To be frank , I could n't understand Chris 's ideas for the music , could n't understand what he was trying to get me to do '' ( source : Facing the Music : 1995 : 227 -- 228 ) . They were working to a tight deadline for the programme but in the end the pressure became too much and the programme was delayed with the BBC 's agreement . Jayne took a two - week break with her just - married husband Phil Christensen before returning to start work with Chris on Oscar Tango . Iceworks was later completed for transmission as part of Omnibus in 1991 , and achieved the highest viewing figures ever for the programme . Skater 's waltz 1992 ( group number ) ( edit ) Music : Waldteufel Known performance period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : none known This was the opening number of the 1992 Best of Torvill and Dean Tour that they performed with a Ukrainian ice dancing company . Only a small clip of it is known to be available on the internet , so not an awful lot is known about the dance except that it is a group number with Torvill and Dean performing with the whole company . Their costumes in this piece are possibly their most unusual of any of their performances . Jayne wears a white fur hat and a blue velvet dress with white fur finish and ornate and decorative gold ties and buttons pattern in the middle . Chris similarly wears a blue velvet top piece with the same gold effect , white trousers with a single blue stripe on each leg , and a velvet blue jacket with fur finish slung over his shoulder throughout the routine . The final section of this show had a weather theme , and the final bow call was done to Over the Rainbow which has the whole company skate on , with Torvill and Dean arriving last to take their bow last with the whole company . Stormy weather 1992 ( edit ) Music : Harold Arien and Ted Koechier Known Performance Period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes A love - on - the - rocks number , with similarities in theme to Revolution , but this piece is more suggestive of heartbreak and rejection , possibly that of a couple going through divorce or the discovery of an affair or some other deception . Chris wears the same pale grey - blue outfit that he wears for the later performances of Encounter , while Jayne wears a stunning silky grey - silver dress that swirls out at the bottom and genuinely does conjure an image of storm clouds . It is a very fluid piece with a lot of swinging motions . Low Commotion 1992 ( edit ) Music : Ry Cooder Known Performance Period : 1992 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes Another unique piece where Chris and Jayne really experiment with a new type of music and a very different type of footwork . The routine is very fast and demanding , including a section where they skate backwards away from each other and back in a series of three , each time bringing their inside blades within inches of each other , relying on absolutely perfect judgement . Many of Torvill and Dean 's routines involve the display of one particular move three times in a row and this routine plays a joke on this concept when Chris flips Jayne over 360 twice in a row , with Jayne flipping Chris the third time and then flexing her muscles at the audience . They perform the routine in Texas - style barn dance costumes , both in straw hat and blue denim dungarees , Jayne with a red and white check lumberjack shirt , pigtails , and freckles , and Chris wearing a neckerchief . In the 1992 Simply the Best documentary Jayne explains that the characters are based loosely on those in The Tales of Tom Sawyer . The dance is extremely fast , but then when the music peters out at the end , the dancers seem to lose interest or even remember what they were doing and they just stroll off the ice . There was a company piece called Hoedown which either preceded or followed this routine , but it is not clear whether or not Torvill and Dean were actually in the group number . Drum duet 1993 ( edit ) Music : Genesis Known Performance Period : 1993 Versions available on video / DVD or internet : yes This was the last new routine that they choreographed before they began work on their Olympic routines . The costumes are extremely colourful and deliberately clashing . Torvill wears pink leggings , red shirt , and orange waistcoat , and Dean wears blue trousers , purple , pink , and blue shirt , and garish blue waistcoat . The music is a series of drumbeats / percussion to which they skate in a long series of intricate steps at speed across the ice . This includes a lot of fast backwards sections , separate jumps , twists , and turns in complete unison . The piece was designed for their stint as guest artists on the Tom Collins Tour of World Figure Skating Champions . 1994 to 1998 ( edit ) In Trutina 1994 Paperback Writer 1994 In My Life 1994 Lucy in the Sky 1994 Cecilia 1995 Bridge Over Troubled Water 1995 Still Crazy 1995 ( performed again in 1998 as their final dance before retiring ) Six Gestures 1996 Take Five 1996 Mumbo Jumbo 1997 Red Hat 1997 Winter Express 1997 Exotic Fish 1997 Jazz Fish 1997 Flying Fish 1997 The Hockey Event 1997 Only He Will Do 1997 New Year 's Eve Final 1997 Still Crazy 1998 Dancing on ice performances ( edit ) Torvill and Dean have performed several times during each TV series . Series One ( 2006 ) `` Let 's Face the Music and Dance '' Mack and Mabel & Barnum tributes `` Viva Las Vegas '' `` Let Me Entertain You '' `` Foot Loose '' `` Angels '' `` Sing , Sing , Sing ( With a Swing ) '' Boléro Series Two ( 2007 ) `` A Kind of Magic '' `` Imagine '' `` Diamonds Are a Girl 's Best Friend '' `` I Like The Way ( You Move ) '' `` These Boots Are Made For Walkin ' '' `` Shine '' `` Puttin ' On the Ritz '' `` Moondance '' `` Over the Rainbow '' Boléro Unplugged `` Gold '' Series Three ( 2008 ) `` Get the Party Started '' ( Shirley Bassey version ) `` Feelin ' Good '' ( Michael Bublé version ) `` World of our Own '' `` One '' ( Jayne with ensemble ) `` Fields of Gold '' Sixties - themed Group Number `` Valerie '' `` Sway '' ( The Pussycat Dolls version ) `` Footprints in the Sand '' Boléro revisited ( with Julian Lloyd Webber ) `` The Best Is Yet to Come '' Series Four ( 2009 ) `` Swing with Me '' `` From A Distance '' ( with Bette Midler ) `` Wake Me Up Before You Go - Go '' ( Group Number ) `` Let It Go '' ( with Will Young ) `` It 's Raining Men '' ( Group Number ) `` Save the Last Dance for Me '' ( Michael Bublé version ) `` Untouchable '' ( with Girls Aloud ) Boléro Series Five ( 2010 ) Love Never Dies ( with Katherine Jenkins ) `` Use Somebody '' ( with Pixie Lott ) `` Your Song '' ( with Ellie Goulding ) `` Have n't Met You Yet '' Boléro Series Six ( 2011 ) `` Let 's Get It Started '' `` Copacabana '' ( pros number ) `` Yellow '' ( with sand artist David Myriam ) Argentine tango to `` Dance With Me '' `` Why Do Fools Fall in Love '' ( The Overtones version ) `` What The World Needs Now Is Love '' ( sung by Rumer ) Boléro ( with David Garrett ) Series Seven ( 2012 ) `` The Edge of Glory '' `` Jar of Hearts '' ( with Christina Perri ) Boléro Series Eight ( 2013 ) `` Better Together '' `` Accentuate the Positive '' ( with Jools Holland 's Rhythm Blues and Blues Orchestra and Rumer ) `` Never Tear Us Apart '' ( INXS version ) Boléro Series Nine ( 2014 ) `` In My Life '' ( with Rebecca Ferguson ) `` The Power of Love '' `` Let 's Face the Music and Dance '' Boléro Series Ten ( 2018 ) `` The Impossible Dream ( The Quest ) '' Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` 1984 : Torvill and Dean 's perfection '' . BBC . 15 March 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` 1984 : British ice couple score Olympic gold '' . BBC On the Day , 14 February 1984 . 14 February 1984 . Retrieved 25 May 2010 . Jump up ^ 100 GREATEST SPORTING MOMENTS -- RESULTS Channel 4 Jump up ^ `` Anecdotes '' . Members.nuvox.net . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Frustration forces Torvill and Dean to retire : Ice dancers will not compete in world championships '' . Bangor Daily News . Maine , United States . Associated Press . 3 March 1994 . p. 11 . Retrieved 26 December 2014 . Jump up ^ Furness , Hannah . `` Torvill and Dean return to Sarajevo ice for emotional Bolero performance '' . The Telegraph . The Telegraph . Retrieved 22 April 2015 . Jump up ^ Gaylen , McGee . `` Return the Olympics to Sarajevo '' . Retrieved 1 November 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Cinderella starring Torvill and Dean '' . Retrieved 29 November 2015 . Jump up ^ YouTube -- Torvill and Dean Barnum Archived 26 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Here We Stand . Discogs Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Warwick Bone . Discogs Jump up ^ Warwick Bone . www.move.com.au Jump up ^ ( 1989 ) . Derek Williams . Discogs Jump up ^ Derek Williams Jump up ^ ( June 1989 ) . Torvill & Dean History ( 1989 ) . Official site . ( Sydney , Australia ) Jump up ^ Here We Stand . iTunes Jump up ^ Slater , Nicky ( 5 February 2009 ) . `` Torvill & Dean : What really went on when the skates came off '' . Daily Mail . London . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1979 World Figure Skating Championships , Ice Dancing , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 21 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean Evergreen '' . YouTube . 5 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1980 Winter Games , Ice Dancing , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 20 December 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1981 World Figure Skating Championships , Free Dance '' . YouTube . 24 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` 1981 History Of Love Torvill and Dean '' . YouTube . 21 June 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1982 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1983 Part 1 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1983 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . ^ Jump up to : `` Torvill & Dean -- 1984 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1984 Sarajevo , Figure Skating , Exhibition ( Encore ) '' . YouTube . 4 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1994 Part 1 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- 1994 Part 2 '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Timeline '' . Torvillanddean.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1984 World Pros , Ice Dancing , Technical Dance '' . YouTube . 9 January 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean Worlds Pro 1985 '' . YouTube . 16 April 2011 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill and Dean Venus '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1990 World Professionals , Ice Dancing , Technical Dance '' . YouTube . 14 June 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Revolution / Imagine ( 1990 WPC ) '' . YouTube . 6 August 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Still Crazy ( 1995 WPC ) '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill&Dean `` Take Five '' 1996 `` . YouTube . 21 April 2008 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill and Dean Hat Trick 1996 WTC '' . YouTube . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean ( GBR ) -- 1990 World Challenge of Champions , Ice Dancing Event '' . YouTube . 14 June 2010 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean 1994 Team Championships Encounter '' . YouTube . 7 September 2007 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Torvill & Dean -- Bridge Over Troubled Water '' . YouTube . 9 July 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean -- Cecilia '' . YouTube . 27 July 2006 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . Jump up ^ http://www.goldenskate.com/figure-skating-results/ Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 139 ) ^ Jump up to : ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 149 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 158 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 179 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 191 ) Jump up ^ ( source Facing the Music : 1995 : 235 ) . Jump up ^ ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 199 ) Jump up ^ ( Facing the Music : 1995 : 202 ) External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torvill and Dean . Torvill & Dean Official Site TandDTalk -- A Torvill and Dean Forum Unreality TV -- News of Torvill and Dean on ITVs Dancing On Ice Video Footage : Barnum -- Torvill and Dean -- 1983 World Championships Video Footage : Bolero -- Torvill and Dean -- 1984 Olympics TV performance of Bolero 2008 ( hide ) BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award 1954 Christopher Chataway 1955 Gordon Pirie 1956 Jim Laker 1957 Dai Rees 1958 Ian Black 1959 John Surtees 1960 David Broome 1961 Stirling Moss 1962 Anita Lonsbrough 1963 Dorothy Hyman 1964 Mary Rand 1965 Tom Simpson 1966 Bobby Moore 1967 Henry Cooper 1968 David Hemery 1969 Ann Jones 1970 Henry Cooper 1971 HRH The Princess Anne 1972 Mary Peters 1973 Jackie Stewart 1974 Brendan Foster 1975 David Steele 1976 John Curry 1977 Virginia Wade 1978 Steve Ovett 1979 Sebastian Coe 1980 Robin Cousins 1981 Ian Botham 1982 Daley Thompson 1983 Steve Cram 1984 Torvill and Dean ( Jayne Torvill & Christopher Dean ) 1985 Barry McGuigan 1986 Nigel Mansell 1987 Fatima Whitbread 1988 Steve Davis 1989 Nick Faldo 1990 Paul Gascoigne 1991 Liz McColgan 1992 Nigel Mansell 1993 Linford Christie 1994 Damon Hill 1995 Jonathan Edwards 1996 Damon Hill 1997 Greg Rusedski 1998 Michael Owen 1999 Lennox Lewis 2000 Steve Redgrave 2001 David Beckham 2002 Paula Radcliffe 2003 Jonny Wilkinson 2004 Kelly Holmes 2005 Andrew Flintoff 2006 Zara Phillips 2007 Joe Calzaghe 2008 Chris Hoy 2009 Ryan Giggs 2010 Tony McCoy 2011 Mark Cavendish 2012 Bradley Wiggins 2013 Andy Murray 2014 Lewis Hamilton 2015 Andy Murray 2016 Andy Murray 2017 Mo Farah Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torvill_and_Dean&oldid=841856178 '' Categories : Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain Sport in Nottingham Sports duos English ice dancers Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain Hidden categories : Webarchive template wayback links Use dmy dates from October 2011 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009 Articles containing French - language text Pages using div col with deprecated parameters Commons category without a link on Wikidata Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 18 May 2018 , at 14 : 34 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where did torvill and dean win olympic gold | ['Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are British ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time (for a single programme) receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and six 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel\'s Boléro.[1][2] Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.[2] The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon\'s "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV\'s Dancing on Ice.'] | ['Sarajevo'] | Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are British ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest scoring figure skaters of all time (for a single programme) receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and six 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro.[1][2] Their performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.[2] The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice. |
[question]: What is the name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics?
[answer]: The name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics is Torvill and Dean. | What is the name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics? | The name of the ice-skating duo that won gold at the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics is Torvill and Dean. | 1 | 7.287718 | 19 | 189 | 1 |
13,165 | 1,545,874,540,399,174,400 | US Airways Flight 1549 | US Airways Flight 1549 - Wikipedia US Airways Flight 1549 Jump to : navigation , search US Airways Flight 1549 Evacuation of US Airways Flight 1549 as it floats on the Hudson River Accident summary Date January 15 , 2009 Summary Controlled ditching after multiple large bird strikes Site Hudson River between New York City ( Manhattan ) and Weehawken , New Jersey ( near Port Imperial ) 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Coordinates : 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Passengers 150 Crew 5 Fatalities 0 Injuries ( non-fatal ) 100 ( 95 minor , 5 serious ) Survivors 155 ( all ) Aircraft type Airbus A320 - 214 Operator US Airways Registration N106US Flight origin LaGuardia Airport , New York City Stopover Charlotte Douglas International Airport , Charlotte , North Carolina Destination Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport , Seattle , Washington US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 - 214 which , in the climbout after takeoff from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on January 15 , 2009 , struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power . Unable to reach any airport , pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan . All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries . The accident came to be known as the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' , and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as `` the most successful ditching in aviation history . '' The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport . The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master 's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their `` heroic and unique aviation achievement '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Route , aircraft , crew and passengers 2 Accident 2.1 Takeoff and bird strike 2.2 Ditching and evacuation 2.3 Rescue 3 Aftermath 4 Investigation 5 Crew awards and honors 6 Media and popular culture 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links 10.1 US Airways press releases 10.2 Other links Route , aircraft , crew and passengers ( edit ) N106US at LaGuardia in 2001 On January 15 , 2009 , US Airways Flight 1549 with callsign ' CACTUS 1549 ' was scheduled to fly from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport ( LGA ) to Charlotte Douglas ( CLT ) , with direct onward service to Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport in Washington State . The aircraft was an Airbus A320 - 214 powered by two GE Aviation / Snecma - designed CFM56 - 5B4 / P turbofan engines . The pilot in command was 57 - year - old Chesley B. `` Sully '' Sullenberger , a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980 . At the time , he had logged 19,663 total flight hours , including 4,765 in an A320 ; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety . First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles , 49 , had accrued 15,643 career flight hours , but this was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it . There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard . Accident ( edit ) Takeoff and bird strike ( edit ) LaGuardia Runway 4 departure . New York TRACON audio Air traffic control audio from about time of bird strike until ditching ( 3 : 10 long ) Problems playing this file ? See media help . The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia 's Runway 4 at 3 : 24 : 56 pm Eastern Standard Time ( 20 : 24 : 56 UTC ) . With Skiles in control , the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3 : 25 : 51 as being at 700 feet ( 210 m ) and climbing . The weather at 2 : 51 p.m. was 10 miles visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet , wind 8 knots from 290 ° ; an hour later it was few clouds at 4,200 feet , wind 9 knots from 310 ° . At 3 : 26 : 37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles : `` What a view of the Hudson today . '' Flight path flown ( red ) . Alternative trajectories to Teterboro ( blue ) and back toward La Guardia ( purple ) were simulated for the investigation . At 3 : 27 : 11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet ( 859 m ) about 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) north - northwest of LaGuardia . The pilots ' view was filled with the large birds ; passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the engines , followed by silence and an odor of fuel . Realizing that both engines had shut down , Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart . The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further nineteen seconds , reaching about 3,060 feet ( 930 m ) at an airspeed of about 185 knots ( 343 km / h ; 213 mph ) , then began a glide descent , accelerating to 210 knots ( 390 km / h ; 240 mph ) at 3 : 28 : 10 as it descended through 1,650 feet ( 500 m ) . At 3 : 27 : 33 , Sullenberger radioed a Mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control ( TRACON ) : `` ... this is Cactus 1539 ( sic -- correct call sign was Cactus 1549 ) , hit birds . We 've lost thrust on both engines . We 're turning back towards LaGuardia '' . Air traffic controller Patrick Harten told LaGuardia 's tower to hold all departures , and directed Sullenberger back to Runway 13 . Sullenberger responded , `` Unable '' . Sullenberger asked if they could attempt to land in New Jersey , mentioning Teterboro Airport ; controllers obtained permission for a landing on Teterboro 's Runway 1 . Sullenberger responded : `` We ca n't do it ... We 're gon na be in the Hudson '' . The aircraft passed less than 900 feet ( 270 m ) above the George Washington Bridge . Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system , `` Brace for impact '' , and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers . Meanwhile , air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue . Ditching and evacuation ( edit ) Play media Coast Guard video of crash and rescue . About ninety seconds later , at 3 : 31 pm , the plane made an unpowered ditching , descending southwards at about 125 knots ( 140 mph ; 230 km / h ) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary , at 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 roughly opposite West 50th Street ( near the Intrepid Sea , Air & Space Museum ) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken , New Jersey . Flight attendants compared the ditching to a `` hard landing '' with `` one impact , no bounce , then a gradual deceleration . '' The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward . Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation . The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide / raft deployed from the front right passenger door ( the front left slide failed to operate , so the manual inflation handle was pulled ) . A panicked passenger opened a rear door , which a flight attendant was unable to reseal . Water was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open , so as the water rose the attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats . One passenger was in a wheelchair . Finally , Sullenberger walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty . Play media Video beginning 20 minutes after ditching , with numerous ferries and rescue boats surrounding the aircraft . The air and water temperatures were about 19 ° F ( − 7 ° C ) and 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ) respectively . Some evacuees waited for rescue knee - deep in water on the partially submerged slides , some wearing life - vests . Others stood on the wings or , fearing an explosion , swam away from the plane . One passenger , after helping with the evacuation , found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and swam to a boat . Rescue ( edit ) Sullenberger had ditched near boats to facilitate rescue . NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within minutes and began taking people aboard using a Jason 's cradle . Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to rescue those on the wings first , as they were in more jeopardy than those on the slides , which detached to become life rafts . As the plane drifted , passengers on one slide , fearing that the boat would crush them , shouted for it to steer away . The last person was taken from the plane at 3 : 55 pm . About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby docks , as did police , helicopters , and various vessels and divers . Other agencies provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river , where most passengers were taken . The half - sunken plane surrounded by boats . Aftermath ( edit ) The aircraft tied up alongside Battery Park City . There were five serious injuries , including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen Welsh 's leg . Seventy - eight people were treated , mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia , twenty - four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals , with two passengers kept overnight . One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel damaging his eyes . No pets were being carried on the flight . Each passenger later received a letter of apology , $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage ( and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses ) and refund of the ticket price . In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered . In addition , they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US Airways . Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness , flashbacks , and panic attacks ; some began an email support group . Patrick Harten , the controller who had worked the flight , said that `` the hardest , most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over '' , and that he was `` gripped by raw moments of shock and grief '' . In an effort to prevent similar accidents , officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings . Investigation ( edit ) The plane being recovered from the river during the night of January 17 . The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan , roughly 4 miles ( 6 km ) downstream from the ditching location . The left engine , detached by the ditching , was recovered from the riverbed . On January 17 the aircraft was barged to New Jersey . Feather found in left engine . The initial National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust after a bird strike was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data recorders . It was soon reported that a few days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall , and its passengers had been told an emergency landing might be required , but the affected engine was restarted . The NTSB later reported that a faulty temperature sensor had been the cause , and that the engine had not been damaged in that incident . On January 21 , the NTSB found evidence of soft - body damage in the right engine along with organic debris including a feather . The left engine also evidenced soft body impact , with : `` dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling . Five booster inlet guide vanes are fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing . '' Both engines , missing large portions of their housings , were sent to the manufacturer for examination . On January 31 , the plane was moved to Kearny , New Jersey . The bird remains were later identified by DNA testing to be Canada geese , which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting . Because the plane was assembled in France the European Aviation Safety Agency ( the European counterpart of the FAA ) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile ( the French counterpart of the NTSB ) joined the investigation , with technical assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation / Snecma , respectively the manufacturers of the airframe and the engines . The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro ; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia succeeded , and only one of the two to Teterboro . Furthermore , the NTSB report called these simulations unrealistic : `` The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real - world considerations . '' A further simulation , conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds , crashed . In testimony before the NTSB , Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport , and that attempting to do so would likely have killed those onboard and more on the ground . The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision , reasoning that the checklist for dual - engine failure is designed for higher altitudes , when pilots have more time to deal with the situation , and that while simulations showed that the plane might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia , those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so , with no time allowed for assessing the situation . The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4 , 2010 , identifying the probable cause as `` the ingestion of large birds into each engine , which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines . '' The final report credited the outcome to four factors : good decision - making and teamwork by the cockpit crew ( including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson ) ; the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation ( and hence carried life vests and additional raft / slides ) even though not required for that route ; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation ; and the proximity of working vessels to the ditching site . Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders . The report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations . N106US on display at Carolinas Aviation Museum . Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320 's fly - by - wire design , by which the pilot uses a side - stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers . The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their own to keep the plane stable , which the pilot can not override even in an emergency . This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course , without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane 's rate of descent . Sullenberger said that these computer - imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing flare for the ditching , which would have softened the impact . In 2010 , the damaged plane ( excluding its engines ) was acquired for the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte , North Carolina , which held a reception on June 11 to commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane 's body , with Sullenberger as keynote speaker and the passengers invited . Crew awards and honors ( edit ) The reactions of all members of the crew , the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was `` text book '' and an example to us all . To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation , with the loss of no lives , is a heroic and unique aviation achievement . -- Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators citation An NTSB board member called the ditching `` the most successful ... in aviation history . These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result , no lives were lost . '' The crew , especially Sullenberger , was praised , notably by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson , who said : `` We had a Miracle on 34th Street . I believe now we have had a Miracle on the Hudson . '' U.S. President George W. Bush said he was `` inspired by the skill and heroism of the flight crew , '' and praised the emergency responders and volunteers . President - elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of Sullenberger 's `` heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft . '' He thanked the crew , whom he invited to his inauguration five days later . The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master 's Medal on January 22 , 2009 ; this is awarded only rarely , for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild . New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented the crew with the Keys to the City , and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight , Sidney Dekker 's Just Culture : Balancing Safety and Accountability . Rescuers received Certificates of Honor . The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1 , 2009 , and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants . His Giants ' jersey was inscribed with the name `` Sully '' and the number 155 -- the count of people aboard the plane . On July 28 , passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson County , New Jersey , on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen , New Jersey , where 57 passengers had been brought following their rescue . Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard , North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue , NY Waterway Ferries , the American Red Cross , Weehawken Volunteer First Aid , the Weehawken Police Department , West New York E.M.S. , North Bergen E.M.S. , the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management , the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force , the Guttenberg Police Department , McCabe Ambulance , the Harrison Police Department , and doctors and nurses who treated survivors . Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena , California . In August 2010 , Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled `` Hudson Miracle APCH , '' dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and annotated `` Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen . '' Sullenberger retired on March 3 , 2010 , after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor . At the end of his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549 . Media and popular Culture ( edit ) The accident was recorded by several closed - circuit television cameras . Various television reports and documentaries produced soon afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue , and recorded interviews with the aircrew , passengers , rescuers , and other key participants . These included : On February 8 , 2009 , the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as their reunion with passengers . The program aired again on July 5 , 2009 . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' On February 19 , 2009 , Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary entitled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash included personal accounts from passengers , rescuers , and witnesses . On February 21 , 2009 , KGO - TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the `` Face to Face '' series . Dan Ashley talked to Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident . On March 4 , 2009 , the Discovery Channel broadcast a one - hour documentary entitled Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened , with computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) animations of the flight , and interviews with passengers , crew , witnesses , rescuers , and aviation safety experts . On January 10 , 2010 , TLC aired a documentary entitled Brace For Impact , aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact : Inside The Hudson Plane Crash . In March 2011 , Ric Elias , a front - row passenger shared his experience during a TED Conference . Beginning in June 2011 , the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures , LLC worked with the Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary , which also looked at the impact of the incident on society . The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel ( Canada ) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash Down . It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled `` Miracle Landing on the Hudson , '' and in the United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011 . Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show , A Prairie Home Companion . The ditching is referenced in the song `` A Real Hero '' by College and Electric Youth , best known from the 2011 movie Drive . The lyrics of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew , as well alluding to the freezing river . Sullenberger is referenced in the 2011 romantic comedy Friends with Benefits . Throughout the film , Justin Timberlake 's character suggests that modern airplanes practically fly themselves , and that Sullenberger 's feat was less impressive than portrayed , but is met with incredulity and hostility . Mila Kunis 's character is seen reading Sullenberger 's English Wikipedia article . Sullenberger 's memoir , Highest Duty : My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully : Miracle on the Hudson , directed by Clint Eastwood , with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles . It was released by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 . See also ( edit ) New York City portal New Jersey portal Aviation portal 2000s portal Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 , brought down by mechanical failure caused by bird strikes , killing 168 people Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 , emergency landing on Bengawan Solo river after a dual engine flameout in 2002 List of airline flights that required gliding Pan Am Flight 6 , successful no - lives - lost ditching of a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser in the Pacific Ocean , 1956 Ryanair Flight 4102 , which was brought down by bird strikes Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 , emergency landing in woodland north of Stockholm after dual engine overheating & failure and a brief low - altitude glide ; no fatalities TACA Flight 110 , landed on to a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after dual engine flameout ; no casualties The 1963 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu - 124 Neva river ditching , a planned landing in a river which resulted in no casualties Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ A serious injury is defined as any injury that ( 1 ) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours , starting within seven days from the date that the injury was received ; ( 2 ) results in a fracture of any bone , except simple fractures of fingers , toes , or the nose ; ( 3 ) causes severe hemorrhages or nerve , muscle , or tendon damage ; ( 4 ) involves any internal organ ; or ( 5 ) involves second - or third - degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface . A minor injury is defined as any injury that does not qualify as a fatal or serious injury . Jump up ^ AWE1549 , also designated under a Star Alliance codeshare agreement as United Airlines Flight 1919 UA1919 . Jump up ^ Delivered in 1999 , the plane , registered N106US , was one of 74 A320s then in service at US Airways . At the time of the accident its airframe had logged 16,299 flights totaling 25,241 flight hours ; and the engines 19,182 and 26,466 hours . The last `` A Check '' ( performed every 550 flight hours ) was passed on December 6 , 2008 , and the last C Check ( annual comprehensive inspection ) on April 19 , 2008 . Jump up ^ The engines are the primary source of electrical and hydraulic power for the aircraft flight control systems , but an auxiliary power unit ( APU ) can provide backup electrical power , and a ram air turbine ( RAT ) can be deployed into the airstream to provide backup hydraulic pressure and electrical power at certain speeds . Both the APU and RAT were operating as the plane descended onto the river . Jump up ^ The Airbus A320 has a control that closes valves and other openings in the fuselage , in order to slow flooding after a water landing , but the pilots did not activate it . Sullenberger later said this would have made little difference since the water impact tore substantial holes in the fuselage . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . US Airways ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Aircraft Accident Report : Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River : US Airways Flight 1549 ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board ( Report ) . May 4 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 49 CFR 830.2 '' . Code of Federal Regulations . October 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Live Flight Track Log ( AWE1549 ) 15 - Jan - 2009 KLGA - KLGA '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Olshan , Jeremy ; Livingston , Ikumulisa ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Quiet Air Hero Is Captain America '' . New York Post . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Turner , Celia . `` US Airways Flight 1549 Crew receive prestigious Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Award '' ( PDF ) . Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on January 22 , 2009 . Retrieved April 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Factbox - Downed US Airways plane had 16,000 take - offs '' . Thomson Reuters . January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` N - Number Inquiry Results '' . Federal Aviation Administration . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways -- Details and Fleet History '' . Planespotters.net . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 11 , 2009 -- via Business Wire . Jump up ^ Goldman , Russell ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways Hero Pilot Searched Plane Twice Before Leaving '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Mangan , Dan ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero Pilots Disabled Plane to Safety '' . New York Post . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Westfeldt , Amy ; Long , Colleen ; James , Susan ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Hudson River Hero Is Ex-Air Force Fighter Pilot '' . TIME . Associated Press . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Family of copilot from Hudson River plane crash speaks '' . WCBD - TV . Charleston , South Carolina . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2012 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Forster , Stacy ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Co-pilot braved frigid waters to retrieve vests for passengers '' . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Shiner , Linda ( February 18 , 2009 ) . `` Sully 's Tale '' . Air & Space . Retrieved February 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways flight 1549 Airline releases crew information '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved May 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways # 1549 '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Aircraft Accident Report '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . sec . meteorological information . Retrieved 7 March 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` NTSB Report US Airways Flight 1549 Water Landing Hudson River January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 lifted out of river ; flight recorders head to D.C. '' . NJ.com . Associated Press . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Flight 1549 Crew : Birds Filled Windshield '' . AVweb . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ; Baker , Al ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` 1549 to Tower : `` We 're Gonna End Up in the Hudson '' `` . The New York Times . p . A29 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Trotta , Daniel ; Crawley , John ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` New York hails pilot who landed jetliner on river '' . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response Final Report '' ( DOC ) . Federal Aviation Administration . July 17 , 2001 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Pasztor , Andy ; Carey , Susan ( January 20 , 2009 ) . `` Backup System Helped Pilot Control Jet '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ( February 5 , 2009 ) . `` Was Flight 1549 's Pilot Fearful ? If So , His Voice Did n't Let On '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Sniffen , Michael J. ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot rejected 2 airport landings '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Associated Press . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Lowy , Joan ; Sniffen , Michael J. ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Controller Thought Plane That Ditched Was Doomed '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on February 26 , 2009 . Retrieved February 24 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Neumeister , Larry ; Caruso , David B. ; Goldman , Adam ; Long , Colleen ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` NTSB : Pilot landed in Hudson to avoid catastrophe '' . Fox News . Associated Press . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . It all happened so fast , the crew never threw the aircraft 's `` ditch switch , '' which seals off vents and holes in the fuselage to make it more seaworthy . ^ Jump up to : `` Memorandum : Full Transcript : Aircraft Accident , AWE1549 , New York City , NY , January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . Federal Aviation Administration . June 19 , 2009 . p. 4 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Brooks , Mike ; Meserve , Jeanne ; Ahlers , Mike ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane crash - lands into Hudson River ; all aboard reported safe '' . CNN . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Fausset , Richard ; Muskal , Michael ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways investigation focuses on missing engines '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Belson , Ken ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Updates From Plane Rescue in Hudson River '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McFadden , Robert D. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Is Hailed After Jetliner 's Icy Plunge '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Presenters : Katie Couric , Steve Kroft ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Hero pilot , Plane , Coldplay '' . 60 Minutes . Season 40 . Los Angeles . CBS . KCBS - TV . Jump up ^ McCartney , Scott ( March 25 , 2009 ) . `` It 's Sully , Do n't Hang Up '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved April 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ostrower , Jon ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The Airbus Ditching Button '' . Flight International . Reed Business Information . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Petri , Tom ( February 11 , 2009 ) . Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( PDF ) ( Report ) . U.S. House of Representatives . p. 69 . Jump up ^ Rockoff , Jonathan D. ; Holmes , Elisabeth ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Lands Jet on Hudson , Saving All Aboard '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved January 31 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : McLaughlin , Martin ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The world needed a hero . The pilot of the Hudson River air crash answered the call '' . The Scotsman . Edinburgh : Johnston Press . Archived from the original on February 27 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Buettner , Russ ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` After Splash , Nerves , Heroics and Comedy '' . The New York Times . p . A1 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Curkin , Scott ; Monek , Bob ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Miracle on the Hudson River '' . WABC - TV . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Art . `` Hero on the Hudson : Five years later ' miracle ' survivor describes his experience for local audience '' . The Hudson Reporter . Retrieved May 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Science Aids Hudson Rescue Workers '' . U.S. Department of Homeland Security . February 2009 . Jump up ^ Kindergan , Ashley ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Young captain reacts like ' seasoned pro ' '' . NorthJersey.com . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Pyle , Richard ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries to rescue in NYC crash landing '' . The Boston Globe . Associated Press . Archived from the original on June 3 , 2013 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash '' . Channel 4 . Retrieved February 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Langewiesche , William ( February 7 , 2010 ) . `` The miracle plane crash - landing on the Hudson River '' . The Sunday Times . London . Retrieved January 7 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Schuster , Karla ; Bleyer , Bill ; Chang , Sophia ; DeStefano , Anthony M. ; Lam , Chau ; Mason , Bill ; McGowan , Carl ; Parascandola , Rocco ; Strickler , Andrew ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries , passengers aid in crash victim rescues '' . Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2014 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 -- via Uniformed Firefighters Association . Jump up ^ Heightman , A.J. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane Crash Showcases Emergency Readiness '' . Journal of Emergency Medical Services . Elsevier . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Baker , Al ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` A Quick Rescue Kept Death Toll at Zero '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Applebome , Peter ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` A Small Town 's Recurring Role as a Rescue Beacon '' . The New York Times . Retrieved November 28 , 2010 . 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Balks at Claims From Jet Ditching in Hudson '' . The New York Times . June 11 , 2009 . Retrieved June 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McGeehan , Patrick ( May 18 , 2009 ) . `` Passengers , Here Are Your Bags '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 27 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Hewitt , Bill ; Egan , Nicole Weisenssee ; Herbst , Diane ; McGee , Tiffany ; Bass , Shermakaye ( February 23 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : The Right Stuff '' . People . pp. 60 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Robbins , Liz ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Air Traffic Controller Tells Gripping Tale of Hudson Landing '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Akam , Simon ( October 4 , 2009 ) . `` For Culprits in Miracle on Hudson , the Flip Side of Glory '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Crews hoist plane 's engine from Hudson River '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 23 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Engine still attached to plane in Hudson , agency says '' . CNN . January 17 , 2009 . 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The New York Times . January 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Second Update on investigation of ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Confirms Birds In Engines Of Flight 1549 '' . NJ.com . Associated Press . February 4 , 2009 . Retrieved February 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ICAO Annex 13 Appendix '' . Investigation Process Research Resources . Jump up ^ `` Accident , Weehawken - Hudson River , on 15 January 2009 , AIRBUS A320 , N106US '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyse ( in French ) . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement of EADS ( Airbus ) Re : US Airways Flight US 1549 Accident in New York ( La Guardia ) '' . EADS ( Airbus ) . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River US Airways Flight 1549 Airbus A320 ‐ 214 , N106US Weehawken , New Jersey January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . 4 May 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Crew Actions and Safety Equipment Credited with Saving Lives in US Airways 1549 Hudson River Ditching , NTSB Says '' . National Transportation Safety Board . Retrieved May 4 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Dodd , Johnny ( September 19 , 2016 ) . `` After the Miracle '' . People . pp. 87 -- 88 . Jump up ^ Paur , Jason ( May 5 , 2010 ) . `` Sullenberger Made the Right Move , Landing in the Hudson '' . Wired . Jump up ^ Yang , Carter ( May 4 , 2010 ) . `` NTSB : Sully Could Have Made it Back to LaGuardia '' . CBS News . Jump up ^ Sullenberger , Chesley ( June 19 , 2012 ) . Making a Difference ( video ) . Talks at Google . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . 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The Charlotte Observer . Retrieved June 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Dorsey , Joe ( February 6 , 2014 ) . `` The Miracle on the Hudson -- The Incredible Story of Captain `` Sully '' and US Airways Flight 1549 `` . Travel Thru History . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Naughton , Philippe ; Bone , James ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero crash pilot Chesley Sullenberger offered key to city of New York '' . The Times . London . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2010 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Rivera , Ray ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` In a Split Second , a Pilot Becomes a Hero Years in the Making '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement by the President on Plane Crash in New York City '' . Office of the Press Secretary , The White House ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Chesley B. Sully Sullenberger Praised By Obama '' . Huffington Post . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Seelye , Katharine Q. ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Obama Invites Flight 1549 Pilot and Crew to Inauguration '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg Presents Captain and Crew of US Airways Flight 1549 With Keys to the City '' . City of New York . February 9 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg and US Airways Chief Executive Officer Doug Parker Honor Civilian and Uniformed Rescuers from Flight 1549 '' . City of New York . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hero pilot : Splash landing in Hudson ' surreal ' '' . USA Today . Associated Press . February 3 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Reid , John ( April 7 , 2009 ) . `` Mountain View school reunion at Giants ' opener '' . The Mercury News . Retrieved April 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' survivors to return to waterfront '' . The Union City Reporter . July 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Tirella , Tricia ( August 2 , 2009 ) . `` A pat on the back '' . The Union City Reporter . Jump up ^ Hradecky , Simon . `` The Hudson Miracle Approach '' . Aviation Herald . Retrieved August 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' pilot Chesley Sullenberger retires '' . Syracuse.com . Associated Press . March 3 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Radutzky , Michael ; Beecher , Lori ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Radutzky , Michael ; Dubin , Jenny ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Beecher , Lori ; Metz , Andrew ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ `` Face to Face : Dan Ashley and the Sullenbergers '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened '' . Discovery Channel . Retrieved March 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Knox , David ( April 7 , 2010 ) . `` Returning : The Force , Lewis . Airdate : Miracle at the Zoo , Hudson Plane Crash '' . TV Tonight . Jump up ^ Elias , Ric ( March 2011 ) . `` Ric Elias : Three things I learned while my plane crashed '' . TED . Jump up ^ Carpenter , Marla ( June 8 , 2011 ) . `` UNCSA film students are documenting move of ' Miracle on the Hudson ' plane to Charlotte museum '' . University of North Carolina School of the Arts . Jump up ^ `` Process Pictures involved with documentary chronicling the impact of Flight 1549 on America '' . Process Pictures . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Runway '' . Mayday . Season 11 . 2010 . Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ Miracle Landing on the Hudson . 2014 . National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Landing '' . Air Crash. 2011 . Channel 5 ( UK ) . Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Post to the Host : US Airways Flight 1549 '' . A Prairie Home Companion . Archived from the original on May 31 , 2014 . Jump up ^ O'Connell , Michael ( October 27 , 2011 ) . `` ' Drive ' Song Inspired by Captain Sully Sullenberger and ' Mad Max ' ( Video ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Soergel , Matt ( July 22 , 2011 ) . `` Movie Review : Mila Kunis , Justin Timberlake make ' Friends with Benefits ' work '' . The Florida Times - Union ... Jump up ^ Urbancich , John M. ( July 27 , 2011 ) . `` Obvious ' Benefits ' to these spicy friends '' . The Plain Dealer . Jump up ^ Orndorf , Brian ( July 22 , 2011 ) . `` Friends with Benefits '' . Dark Horizons . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( June 2 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's Next Movie Revealed : Capt . `` Sully '' Sullenberger Tale `` . The Hollywood Reporter . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ( August 11 , 2015 ) . `` Aaron Eckhart Joins Tom Hanks in Sully Sullenberger Movie '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved August 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( December 18 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's ' Sully ' Gets Early Fall Release Date '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 25 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to US Airways Flight 1549 . US Airways Press releases ( edit ) `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 8 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Update Regarding Crew of Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 Parker , Doug ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker makes statement regarding flight 1549 '' . US Airways . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker Invited to Speak at Honor Ceremony Regarding Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways update regarding crew of flight 1549 '' . Tempe Arizona , January 19 , 2009 . Other links ( edit ) `` Information on the accident that occurred in New York on January 15 , 2009 '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile . January 16 , 2009 . Krūms , Jānis ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` There 's a plane in the Hudson . I 'm on the ferry going to pick up the people . Crazy '' . TwitPic . `` US Airways 1549 ( AWE1549 ) , January 15 , 2009 '' . Federal Aviation Administration . March 2 , 2009 . exosphere3d ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 Alternate Audio , Multi-Perspective Composite Animation '' . YouTube . `` Cactus Flight 1549 Accident Reconstruction ( US Airways Animation ) '' . Exosphere3D . `` Analysis of Training for Emergency Water Landings Questions Assumptions , Inconsistencies '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 33 ( 6 ) . November -- December 1998 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . `` Stress , Behavior , Training and Safety ( in Emergency Evacuation ) '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 25 ( 3 ) . May -- June 1990 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . Corrigan , Douglas ( April 2011 ) . `` The Demise of the Airline Pilot '' . Culture Wars . Process Pictures , LLC ( 2012 ) . `` ' The Miracle on the Hudson ' Teaser '' . Vimeo . `` Hudson Miracle Approach Chart '' . Jeppesen . `` Photos of the Airbus '' . Airliners.net . Gould , Joe ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Stayed high & dry on my trip to N.C. '' . Daily News . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what year did the plane land on the hudson | ["US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries."] | ['2009'] | US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries. |
[question]: What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009?
[answer]: The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009? | The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | 1 | 7.286422 | 18 | 82 | 1 |
15,221 | -2,451,075,907,402,346,000 | US Airways Flight 1549 | US Airways Flight 1549 - Wikipedia US Airways Flight 1549 Jump to : navigation , search US Airways Flight 1549 Evacuation of US Airways Flight 1549 as it floats on the Hudson River Accident summary Date January 15 , 2009 Summary Controlled ditching after multiple large bird strikes Site Hudson River between New York City ( Manhattan ) and Weehawken , New Jersey ( near Port Imperial ) 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Coordinates : 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Passengers 150 Crew 5 Fatalities 0 Injuries ( non-fatal ) 100 ( 95 minor , 5 serious ) Survivors 155 ( all ) Aircraft type Airbus A320 - 214 Operator US Airways Registration N106US Flight origin LaGuardia Airport , New York City Stopover Charlotte Douglas International Airport , Charlotte , North Carolina Destination Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport , Seattle , Washington US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 - 214 which , in the climbout after takeoff from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on January 15 , 2009 , struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power . Unable to reach any airport , pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan . All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries . The accident came to be known as the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' , and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as `` the most successful ditching in aviation history . '' The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport . The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master 's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their `` heroic and unique aviation achievement '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Route , aircraft , crew and passengers 2 Accident 2.1 Takeoff and bird strike 2.2 Ditching and evacuation 2.3 Rescue 3 Aftermath 4 Investigation 5 Crew awards and honors 6 Media and popular culture 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links 10.1 US Airways press releases 10.2 Other links Route , aircraft , crew and passengers ( edit ) N106US at LaGuardia in 2001 On January 15 , 2009 , US Airways Flight 1549 with callsign ' CACTUS 1549 ' was scheduled to fly from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport ( LGA ) to Charlotte Douglas ( CLT ) , with direct onward service to Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport in Washington State . The aircraft was an Airbus A320 - 214 powered by two GE Aviation / Snecma - designed CFM56 - 5B4 / P turbofan engines . The pilot in command was 57 - year - old Chesley B. `` Sully '' Sullenberger , a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980 . At the time , he had logged 19,663 total flight hours , including 4,765 in an A320 ; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety . First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles , 49 , had accrued 15,643 career flight hours , but this was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it . There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard . Accident ( edit ) Takeoff and bird strike ( edit ) LaGuardia Runway 4 departure . New York TRACON audio Air traffic control audio from about time of bird strike until ditching ( 3 : 10 long ) Problems playing this file ? See media help . The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia 's Runway 4 at 3 : 24 : 56 pm Eastern Standard Time ( 20 : 24 : 56 UTC ) . With Skiles in control , the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3 : 25 : 51 as being at 700 feet ( 210 m ) and climbing . The weather at 2 : 51 p.m. was 10 miles visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet , wind 8 knots from 290 ° ; an hour later it was few clouds at 4,200 feet , wind 9 knots from 310 ° . At 3 : 26 : 37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles : `` What a view of the Hudson today . '' Flight path flown ( red ) . Alternative trajectories to Teterboro ( blue ) and back toward La Guardia ( purple ) were simulated for the investigation . At 3 : 27 : 11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet ( 859 m ) about 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) north - northwest of LaGuardia . The pilots ' view was filled with the large birds ; passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the engines , followed by silence and an odor of fuel . Realizing that both engines had shut down , Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart . The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further nineteen seconds , reaching about 3,060 feet ( 930 m ) at an airspeed of about 185 knots ( 343 km / h ; 213 mph ) , then began a glide descent , accelerating to 210 knots ( 390 km / h ; 240 mph ) at 3 : 28 : 10 as it descended through 1,650 feet ( 500 m ) . At 3 : 27 : 33 , Sullenberger radioed a Mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control ( TRACON ) : `` ... this is Cactus 1539 ( sic -- correct call sign was Cactus 1549 ) , hit birds . We 've lost thrust on both engines . We 're turning back towards LaGuardia '' . Air traffic controller Patrick Harten told LaGuardia 's tower to hold all departures , and directed Sullenberger back to Runway 13 . Sullenberger responded , `` Unable '' . Sullenberger asked if they could attempt to land in New Jersey , mentioning Teterboro Airport ; controllers obtained permission for a landing on Teterboro 's Runway 1 . Sullenberger responded : `` We ca n't do it ... We 're gon na be in the Hudson '' . The aircraft passed less than 900 feet ( 270 m ) above the George Washington Bridge . Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system , `` Brace for impact '' , and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers . Meanwhile , air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue . Ditching and evacuation ( edit ) Play media Coast Guard video of crash and rescue . About ninety seconds later , at 3 : 31 pm , the plane made an unpowered ditching , descending southwards at about 125 knots ( 140 mph ; 230 km / h ) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary , at 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 roughly opposite West 50th Street ( near the Intrepid Sea , Air & Space Museum ) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken , New Jersey . Flight attendants compared the ditching to a `` hard landing '' with `` one impact , no bounce , then a gradual deceleration . '' The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward . Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation . The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide / raft deployed from the front right passenger door ( the front left slide failed to operate , so the manual inflation handle was pulled ) . A panicked passenger opened a rear door , which a flight attendant was unable to reseal . Water was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open , so as the water rose the attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats . One passenger was in a wheelchair . Finally , Sullenberger walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty . Play media Video beginning 20 minutes after ditching , with numerous ferries and rescue boats surrounding the aircraft . The air and water temperatures were about 19 ° F ( − 7 ° C ) and 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ) respectively . Some evacuees waited for rescue knee - deep in water on the partially submerged slides , some wearing life - vests . Others stood on the wings or , fearing an explosion , swam away from the plane . One passenger , after helping with the evacuation , found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and swam to a boat . Rescue ( edit ) Sullenberger had ditched near boats to facilitate rescue . NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within minutes and began taking people aboard using a Jason 's cradle . Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to rescue those on the wings first , as they were in more jeopardy than those on the slides , which detached to become life rafts . As the plane drifted , passengers on one slide , fearing that the boat would crush them , shouted for it to steer away . The last person was taken from the plane at 3 : 55 pm . About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby docks , as did police , helicopters , and various vessels and divers . Other agencies provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river , where most passengers were taken . The half - sunken plane surrounded by boats . Aftermath ( edit ) The aircraft tied up alongside Battery Park City . There were five serious injuries , including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen Welsh 's leg . Seventy - eight people were treated , mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia , twenty - four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals , with two passengers kept overnight . One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel damaging his eyes . No pets were being carried on the flight . Each passenger later received a letter of apology , $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage ( and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses ) and refund of the ticket price . In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered . In addition , they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US Airways . Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness , flashbacks , and panic attacks ; some began an email support group . Patrick Harten , the controller who had worked the flight , said that `` the hardest , most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over '' , and that he was `` gripped by raw moments of shock and grief '' . In an effort to prevent similar accidents , officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings . Investigation ( edit ) The plane being recovered from the river during the night of January 17 . The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan , roughly 4 miles ( 6 km ) downstream from the ditching location . The left engine , detached by the ditching , was recovered from the riverbed . On January 17 the aircraft was barged to New Jersey . Feather found in left engine . The initial National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust after a bird strike was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data recorders . It was soon reported that a few days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall , and its passengers had been told an emergency landing might be required , but the affected engine was restarted . The NTSB later reported that a faulty temperature sensor had been the cause , and that the engine had not been damaged in that incident . On January 21 , the NTSB found evidence of soft - body damage in the right engine along with organic debris including a feather . The left engine also evidenced soft body impact , with : `` dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling . Five booster inlet guide vanes are fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing . '' Both engines , missing large portions of their housings , were sent to the manufacturer for examination . On January 31 , the plane was moved to Kearny , New Jersey . The bird remains were later identified by DNA testing to be Canada geese , which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting . Because the plane was assembled in France the European Aviation Safety Agency ( the European counterpart of the FAA ) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile ( the French counterpart of the NTSB ) joined the investigation , with technical assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation / Snecma , respectively the manufacturers of the airframe and the engines . The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro ; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia succeeded , and only one of the two to Teterboro . Furthermore , the NTSB report called these simulations unrealistic : `` The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real - world considerations . '' A further simulation , conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds , crashed . In testimony before the NTSB , Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport , and that attempting to do so would likely have killed those onboard and more on the ground . The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision , reasoning that the checklist for dual - engine failure is designed for higher altitudes , when pilots have more time to deal with the situation , and that while simulations showed that the plane might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia , those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so , with no time allowed for assessing the situation . The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4 , 2010 , identifying the probable cause as `` the ingestion of large birds into each engine , which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines . '' The final report credited the outcome to four factors : good decision - making and teamwork by the cockpit crew ( including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson ) ; the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation ( and hence carried life vests and additional raft / slides ) even though not required for that route ; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation ; and the proximity of working vessels to the ditching site . Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders . The report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations . N106US on display at Carolinas Aviation Museum . Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320 's fly - by - wire design , by which the pilot uses a side - stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers . The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their own to keep the plane stable , which the pilot can not override even in an emergency . This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course , without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane 's rate of descent . Sullenberger said that these computer - imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing flare for the ditching , which would have softened the impact . In 2010 , the damaged plane ( excluding its engines ) was acquired for the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte , North Carolina , which held a reception on June 11 to commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane 's body , with Sullenberger as keynote speaker and the passengers invited . Crew awards and honors ( edit ) The reactions of all members of the crew , the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was `` text book '' and an example to us all . To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation , with the loss of no lives , is a heroic and unique aviation achievement . -- Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators citation An NTSB board member called the ditching `` the most successful ... in aviation history . These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result , no lives were lost . '' The crew , especially Sullenberger , was praised , notably by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson , who said : `` We had a Miracle on 34th Street . I believe now we have had a Miracle on the Hudson . '' U.S. President George W. Bush said he was `` inspired by the skill and heroism of the flight crew , '' and praised the emergency responders and volunteers . President - elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of Sullenberger 's `` heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft . '' He thanked the crew , whom he invited to his inauguration five days later . The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master 's Medal on January 22 , 2009 ; this is awarded only rarely , for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild . New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented the crew with the Keys to the City , and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight , Sidney Dekker 's Just Culture : Balancing Safety and Accountability . Rescuers received Certificates of Honor . The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1 , 2009 , and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants . His Giants ' jersey was inscribed with the name `` Sully '' and the number 155 -- the count of people aboard the plane . On July 28 , passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson County , New Jersey , on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen , New Jersey , where 57 passengers had been brought following their rescue . Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard , North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue , NY Waterway Ferries , the American Red Cross , Weehawken Volunteer First Aid , the Weehawken Police Department , West New York E.M.S. , North Bergen E.M.S. , the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management , the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force , the Guttenberg Police Department , McCabe Ambulance , the Harrison Police Department , and doctors and nurses who treated survivors . Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena , California . In August 2010 , Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled `` Hudson Miracle APCH , '' dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and annotated `` Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen . '' Sullenberger retired on March 3 , 2010 , after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor , Pacific Southwest Airlines . At the end of his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549 . Media and popular Culture ( edit ) The accident was recorded by several closed - circuit television cameras . Various television reports and documentaries produced soon afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue , and recorded interviews with the aircrew , passengers , rescuers , and other key participants . These included : On February 8 , 2009 , the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as their reunion with passengers . The program aired again on July 5 , 2009 . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' On February 19 , 2009 , Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary entitled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash included personal accounts from passengers , rescuers , and witnesses . On February 21 , 2009 , KGO - TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the `` Face to Face '' series . Dan Ashley talked to Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident . On March 4 , 2009 , the Discovery Channel broadcast a one - hour documentary entitled Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened , with computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) animations of the flight , and interviews with passengers , crew , witnesses , rescuers , and aviation safety experts . On January 10 , 2010 , TLC aired a documentary entitled Brace For Impact , aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact : Inside The Hudson Plane Crash . In March 2011 , Ric Elias , a front - row passenger shared his experience during a TED Conference . Beginning in June 2011 , the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures , LLC worked with the Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary , which also looked at the impact of the incident on society . The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel ( Canada ) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash Down . It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled `` Miracle Landing on the Hudson , '' and in the United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011 . Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show , A Prairie Home Companion . The ditching is referenced in the song `` A Real Hero '' by College and Electric Youth , best known from the 2011 movie Drive . The lyrics of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew , as well alluding to the freezing river . Sullenberger 's memoir , Highest Duty : My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully : Miracle on the Hudson , directed by Clint Eastwood , with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles . It was released by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 . See also ( edit ) New York City portal New Jersey portal Aviation portal 2000s portal List of airline flights that required gliding Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 , brought down by mechanical failure caused by bird strikes , killing 168 people Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 , emergency landing on Bengawan Solo river after a dual engine flameout in 2002 Pan Am Flight 6 , successful no - lives - lost ditching of a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser in the Pacific Ocean , 1956 Ryanair Flight 4102 , which was brought down by bird strikes Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 , emergency landing in woodland north of Stockholm after dual engine overheating & failure and a brief low - altitude glide ; no fatalities TACA Flight 110 , landed on to a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after dual engine flameout ; no casualties The 1963 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu - 124 Neva river ditching , a planned landing in a river which resulted in no casualties Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ A serious injury is defined as any injury that ( 1 ) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours , starting within seven days from the date that the injury was received ; ( 2 ) results in a fracture of any bone , except simple fractures of fingers , toes , or the nose ; ( 3 ) causes severe hemorrhages or nerve , muscle , or tendon damage ; ( 4 ) involves any internal organ ; or ( 5 ) involves second - or third - degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface . A minor injury is defined as any injury that does not qualify as a fatal or serious injury . Jump up ^ AWE1549 , also designated under a Star Alliance codeshare agreement as United Airlines Flight 1919 UA1919 . Jump up ^ Delivered in 1999 , the plane , registered N106US , was one of 74 A320s then in service at US Airways . At the time of the accident its airframe had logged 16,299 flights totaling 25,241 flight hours ; and the engines 19,182 and 26,466 hours . The last `` A Check '' ( performed every 550 flight hours ) was passed on December 6 , 2008 , and the last C Check ( annual comprehensive inspection ) on April 19 , 2008 . Jump up ^ The engines are the primary source of electrical and hydraulic power for the aircraft flight control systems , but an auxiliary power unit ( APU ) can provide backup electrical power , and a ram air turbine ( RAT ) can be deployed into the airstream to provide backup hydraulic pressure and electrical power at certain speeds . Both the APU and RAT were operating as the plane descended onto the river . Jump up ^ The Airbus A320 has a control that closes valves and other openings in the fuselage , in order to slow flooding after a water landing , but the pilots did not activate it . Sullenberger later said this would have made little difference since the water impact tore substantial holes in the fuselage . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . US Airways ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Aircraft Accident Report : Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River : US Airways Flight 1549 ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board ( Report ) . May 4 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 49 CFR 830.2 '' . Code of Federal Regulations . October 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Live Flight Track Log ( AWE1549 ) 15 - Jan - 2009 KLGA - KLGA '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Olshan , Jeremy ; Livingston , Ikumulisa ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Quiet Air Hero Is Captain America '' . New York Post . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Turner , Celia . `` US Airways Flight 1549 Crew receive prestigious Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Award '' ( PDF ) . Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on January 22 , 2009 . Retrieved April 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Factbox - Downed US Airways plane had 16,000 take - offs '' . Thomson Reuters . January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` N - Number Inquiry Results '' . Federal Aviation Administration . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways -- Details and Fleet History '' . Planespotters.net . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 11 , 2009 -- via Business Wire . Jump up ^ Goldman , Russell ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways Hero Pilot Searched Plane Twice Before Leaving '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Mangan , Dan ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero Pilots Disabled Plane to Safety '' . New York Post . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Westfeldt , Amy ; Long , Colleen ; James , Susan ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Hudson River Hero Is Ex-Air Force Fighter Pilot '' . TIME . Associated Press . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Family of copilot from Hudson River plane crash speaks '' . WCBD - TV . Charleston , South Carolina . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2012 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Forster , Stacy ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Co-pilot braved frigid waters to retrieve vests for passengers '' . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Shiner , Linda ( February 18 , 2009 ) . `` Sully 's Tale '' . Air & Space . Retrieved February 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways flight 1549 Airline releases crew information '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved May 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways # 1549 '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Aircraft Accident Report '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . sec . meteorological information . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` NTSB Report US Airways Flight 1549 Water Landing Hudson River January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 lifted out of river ; flight recorders head to D.C '' . NJ.com . Associated Press . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Flight 1549 Crew : Birds Filled Windshield '' . AVweb . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ; Baker , Al ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` 1549 to Tower : `` We 're Gonna End Up in the Hudson '' `` . The New York Times . p . A29 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Trotta , Daniel ; Crawley , John ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` New York hails pilot who landed jetliner on river '' . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response Final Report '' ( DOC ) . Federal Aviation Administration . July 17 , 2001 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Pasztor , Andy ; Carey , Susan ( January 20 , 2009 ) . `` Backup System Helped Pilot Control Jet '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ( February 5 , 2009 ) . `` Was Flight 1549 's Pilot Fearful ? If So , His Voice Did n't Let On '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Sniffen , Michael J. ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot rejected 2 airport landings '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Associated Press . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Lowy , Joan ; Sniffen , Michael J. ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Controller Thought Plane That Ditched Was Doomed '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on February 26 , 2009 . Retrieved February 24 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Neumeister , Larry ; Caruso , David B. ; Goldman , Adam ; Long , Colleen ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` NTSB : Pilot landed in Hudson to avoid catastrophe '' . Fox News . Associated Press . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . It all happened so fast , the crew never threw the aircraft 's `` ditch switch , '' which seals off vents and holes in the fuselage to make it more seaworthy . ^ Jump up to : `` Memorandum : Full Transcript : Aircraft Accident , AWE1549 , New York City , NY , January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . Federal Aviation Administration . June 19 , 2009 . p. 4 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Brooks , Mike ; Meserve , Jeanne ; Ahlers , Mike ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane crash - lands into Hudson River ; all aboard reported safe '' . CNN . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Fausset , Richard ; Muskal , Michael ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways investigation focuses on missing engines '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Belson , Ken ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Updates From Plane Rescue in Hudson River '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McFadden , Robert D. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Is Hailed After Jetliner 's Icy Plunge '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Presenters : Katie Couric , Steve Kroft ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Hero pilot , Plane , Coldplay '' . 60 Minutes . Season 40 . Los Angeles . CBS . KCBS - TV . Jump up ^ McCartney , Scott ( March 25 , 2009 ) . `` It 's Sully , Do n't Hang Up '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved April 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ostrower , Jon ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The Airbus Ditching Button '' . Flight International . Reed Business Information . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Petri , Tom ( February 11 , 2009 ) . Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( PDF ) ( Report ) . U.S. House of Representatives . p. 69 . Jump up ^ Rockoff , Jonathan D. ; Holmes , Elisabeth ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Lands Jet on Hudson , Saving All Aboard '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved January 31 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : McLaughlin , Martin ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The world needed a hero . The pilot of the Hudson River air crash answered the call '' . The Scotsman . Edinburgh : Johnston Press . Archived from the original on February 27 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Buettner , Russ ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` After Splash , Nerves , Heroics and Comedy '' . The New York Times . p . A1 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Curkin , Scott ; Monek , Bob ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Miracle on the Hudson River '' . WABC - TV . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Art . `` Hero on the Hudson : Five years later ' miracle ' survivor describes his experience for local audience '' . The Hudson Reporter . Retrieved May 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Science Aids Hudson Rescue Workers '' . U.S. Department of Homeland Security . February 2009 . Jump up ^ Kindergan , Ashley ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Young captain reacts like ' seasoned pro ' '' . NorthJersey.com . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Pyle , Richard ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries to rescue in NYC crash landing '' . The Boston Globe . Associated Press . Archived from the original on June 3 , 2013 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash '' . Channel 4 . Retrieved February 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Langewiesche , William ( February 7 , 2010 ) . `` The miracle plane crash - landing on the Hudson River '' . The Sunday Times . London . Retrieved January 7 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Schuster , Karla ; Bleyer , Bill ; Chang , Sophia ; DeStefano , Anthony M. ; Lam , Chau ; Mason , Bill ; McGowan , Carl ; Parascandola , Rocco ; Strickler , Andrew ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries , passengers aid in crash victim rescues '' . Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2014 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 -- via Uniformed Firefighters Association . Jump up ^ Heightman , A.J. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane Crash Showcases Emergency Readiness '' . Journal of Emergency Medical Services . Elsevier . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Baker , Al ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` A Quick Rescue Kept Death Toll at Zero '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Applebome , Peter ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` A Small Town 's Recurring Role as a Rescue Beacon '' . The New York Times . Retrieved November 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` A Testament to Experienced Airline Flight Personnel Doing Their Jobs '' . Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute ( FAMRI ) . Retrieved May 29 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pilot hailed for ' Hudson miracle ' '' . BBC News . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Smith , Robert ; Block , Melissa ( February 12 , 2009 ) . `` Passengers Treated For Hypothermia '' . National Public Radio . All Things Considered . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` DCA09MA026 '' . National Transportation Safety Board . Archived from the original on February 21 , 2009 . Retrieved March 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Feuer , Alan ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Odd Sight , Well Worth a Walk in the Cold '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Fahim , Kareem ( January 21 , 2009 ) . `` $5,000 to Each Passenger on Crashed Jet for Lost Bags '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` A.I.G. Balks at Claims From Jet Ditching in Hudson '' . The New York Times . June 11 , 2009 . Retrieved June 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McGeehan , Patrick ( May 18 , 2009 ) . `` Passengers , Here Are Your Bags '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 27 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Hewitt , Bill ; Egan , Nicole Weisenssee ; Herbst , Diane ; McGee , Tiffany ; Bass , Shermakaye ( February 23 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : The Right Stuff '' . People . pp. 60 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Robbins , Liz ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Air Traffic Controller Tells Gripping Tale of Hudson Landing '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Akam , Simon ( October 4 , 2009 ) . `` For Culprits in Miracle on Hudson , the Flip Side of Glory '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Crews hoist plane 's engine from Hudson River '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 23 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Engine still attached to plane in Hudson , agency says '' . CNN . January 17 , 2009 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Crane pulls airliner from Hudson '' . BBC News . January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson jet 's wreckage moved to N.J '' . MSNBC . January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved January 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Plane Crash - Lands in New York City 's Hudson River , Everyone Survives '' . Fox News . Associated Press . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Sending Go team to New York City for Hudson River Airliner Accident '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Preliminary Accident Report '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Matthews , Karen ; Epstein , Victor ; Weber , Harry ; Dearen , Jason ; Kesten , Lou ; Lowy , Joan ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Plane 's recorders lend support hero pilot 's story '' . The Herald - Dispatch . Huntington , West Virginia . Associated Press . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Boudreau , Abbie ; Zamost , Scott ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Report on Earlier Flight 1549 Scare '' . CNN . Retrieved January 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NY crash jet had earlier problem '' . BBC News . January 20 , 2009 . Retrieved January 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Third Update on Investigation into Ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board ( Press release ) . February 4 , 2009 . Retrieved February 5 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Paddock , Barry ( January 21 , 2009 ) . `` Second engine of US Airways Flight 1549 that landed in Hudson River has been found '' . Daily News . New York . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Issues update on investigation into ditching of US Airways jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board ( Press release ) . January 21 , 2009 . Retrieved January 21 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Seeing a Lost Engine to the Surface '' . The New York Times . January 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Second Update on investigation of ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Confirms Birds In Engines Of Flight 1549 '' . NJ.com . Associated Press . February 4 , 2009 . Retrieved February 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ICAO Annex 13 Appendix '' . Investigation Process Research Resources . Jump up ^ `` Accident , Weehawken - Hudson River , on 15 January 2009 , AIRBUS A320 , N106US '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyse ( in French ) . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement of EADS ( Airbus ) Re : US Airways Flight US 1549 Accident in New York ( La Guardia ) '' . EADS ( Airbus ) . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River US Airways Flight 1549 Airbus A320 ‐ 214 , N106US Weehawken , New Jersey January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . May 4 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Crew Actions and Safety Equipment Credited with Saving Lives in US Airways 1549 Hudson River Ditching , NTSB Says '' . National Transportation Safety Board . Retrieved May 4 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Dodd , Johnny ( September 19 , 2016 ) . `` After the Miracle '' . People . pp. 87 -- 88 . Jump up ^ Paur , Jason ( May 5 , 2010 ) . `` Sullenberger Made the Right Move , Landing in the Hudson '' . Wired . Jump up ^ Yang , Carter ( May 4 , 2010 ) . `` NTSB : Sully Could Have Made it Back to LaGuardia '' . CBS News . Jump up ^ Sullenberger , Chesley ( June 19 , 2012 ) . Making a Difference ( video ) . Talks at Google . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Spodak , Cassie ( January 22 , 2010 ) . `` ' Miracle on Hudson ' plane up for auction '' . CNN . Retrieved January 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` USAir Flt. 1549 Coming to Charlotte '' ( PDF ) . Contact : the Newsletter of the Carolinas Historic Aviation Commission . February 2011 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 18 , 2011 . Retrieved June 6 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washburn , Mark ( June 12 , 2011 ) . `` Applauding the airliner on which lives changed '' . The Charlotte Observer . Archived from the original on September 18 , 2012 . Retrieved June 15 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Gast , Phil ( June 4 , 2011 ) . `` ' Miracle On The Hudson ' Plane Bound For NC '' . CNN . Archived from the original on September 27 , 2011 . Retrieved June 15 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Flight 1549 wings arrive in Charlotte '' . News 14 Carolina . September 15 , 2011 . Retrieved September 17 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washburn , Mark ( June 29 , 2012 ) . `` Aviation Museum lands flight 1549 engines '' . The Charlotte Observer . Retrieved June 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Dorsey , Joe ( February 6 , 2014 ) . `` The Miracle on the Hudson -- The Incredible Story of Captain `` Sully '' and US Airways Flight 1549 `` . Travel Thru History . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Naughton , Philippe ; Bone , James ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero crash pilot Chesley Sullenberger offered key to city of New York '' . The Times . London . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2010 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Rivera , Ray ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` In a Split Second , a Pilot Becomes a Hero Years in the Making '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement by the President on Plane Crash in New York City '' . Office of the Press Secretary , The White House ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Chesley B. Sully Sullenberger Praised By Obama '' . Huffington Post . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Seelye , Katharine Q. ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Obama Invites Flight 1549 Pilot and Crew to Inauguration '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg Presents Captain and Crew of US Airways Flight 1549 With Keys to the City '' . City of New York . February 9 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg and US Airways Chief Executive Officer Doug Parker Honor Civilian and Uniformed Rescuers from Flight 1549 '' . City of New York . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hero pilot : Splash landing in Hudson ' surreal ' '' . USA Today . Associated Press . February 3 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Reid , John ( April 7 , 2009 ) . `` Mountain View school reunion at Giants ' opener '' . The Mercury News . Retrieved April 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' survivors to return to waterfront '' . The Union City Reporter . July 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Tirella , Tricia ( August 2 , 2009 ) . `` A pat on the back '' . The Union City Reporter . Jump up ^ Hradecky , Simon . `` The Hudson Miracle Approach '' . Aviation Herald . Retrieved August 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' pilot Chesley Sullenberger retires '' . Syracuse.com . Associated Press . March 3 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Radutzky , Michael ; Beecher , Lori ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Radutzky , Michael ; Dubin , Jenny ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Beecher , Lori ; Metz , Andrew ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ `` Face to Face : Dan Ashley and the Sullenbergers '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened '' . Discovery Channel . Retrieved March 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Knox , David ( April 7 , 2010 ) . `` Returning : The Force , Lewis . Airdate : Miracle at the Zoo , Hudson Plane Crash '' . TV Tonight . Jump up ^ Elias , Ric ( March 2011 ) . `` Ric Elias : Three things I learned while my plane crashed '' . TED . Jump up ^ Carpenter , Marla ( June 8 , 2011 ) . `` UNCSA film students are documenting move of ' Miracle on the Hudson ' plane to Charlotte museum '' . University of North Carolina School of the Arts . Jump up ^ `` Process Pictures involved with documentary chronicling the impact of Flight 1549 on America '' . Process Pictures . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Runway '' . Mayday . Season 11 . 2010 . Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ Miracle Landing on the Hudson . 2014 . National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Landing '' . Air Crash. 2011 . Channel 5 ( UK ) . Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Post to the Host : US Airways Flight 1549 '' . A Prairie Home Companion . Archived from the original on May 31 , 2014 . Jump up ^ O'Connell , Michael ( October 27 , 2011 ) . `` ' Drive ' Song Inspired by Captain Sully Sullenberger and ' Mad Max ' ( Video ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( June 2 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's Next Movie Revealed : Capt . `` Sully '' Sullenberger Tale `` . The Hollywood Reporter . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ( August 11 , 2015 ) . `` Aaron Eckhart Joins Tom Hanks in Sully Sullenberger Movie '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved August 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( December 18 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's ' Sully ' Gets Early Fall Release Date '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 25 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to US Airways Flight 1549 . US Airways Press releases ( edit ) `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 8 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Update Regarding Crew of Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 Parker , Doug ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker makes statement regarding flight 1549 '' . US Airways . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker Invited to Speak at Honor Ceremony Regarding Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways update regarding crew of flight 1549 '' . Tempe Arizona , January 19 , 2009 . Other links ( edit ) `` Information on the accident that occurred in New York on January 15 , 2009 '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile . January 16 , 2009 . Krūms , Jānis ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` There 's a plane in the Hudson . I 'm on the ferry going to pick up the people . Crazy '' . TwitPic . `` US Airways 1549 ( AWE1549 ) , January 15 , 2009 '' . Federal Aviation Administration . March 2 , 2009 . exosphere3d ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 Alternate Audio , Multi-Perspective Composite Animation '' . YouTube . `` Cactus Flight 1549 Accident Reconstruction ( US Airways Animation ) '' . Exosphere3D . `` Analysis of Training for Emergency Water Landings Questions Assumptions , Inconsistencies '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 33 ( 6 ) . November -- December 1998 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . `` Stress , Behavior , Training and Safety ( in Emergency Evacuation ) '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 25 ( 3 ) . May -- June 1990 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . Corrigan , Douglas ( April 2011 ) . `` The Demise of the Airline Pilot '' . Culture Wars . Process Pictures , LLC ( 2012 ) . `` ' The Miracle on the Hudson ' Teaser '' . Vimeo . `` Hudson Miracle Approach Chart '' . Jeppesen . `` Photos of the Airbus '' . Airliners.net . Gould , Joe ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Stayed high & dry on my trip to N.C '' . Daily News . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when was the plane landed on the hudson river | ["US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries."] | ['January 15, 2009'] | US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries. |
[question]: What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009?
[answer]: The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009? | The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | 1 | 7.286422 | 18 | 82 | 1 |
29,392 | -1,298,145,395,973,623,300 | US Airways Flight 1549 | US Airways Flight 1549 - Wikipedia US Airways Flight 1549 Jump to : navigation , search US Airways Flight 1549 Evacuation of US Airways Flight 1549 as it floats on the Hudson River Accident Date January 15 , 2009 Summary Controlled ditching after multiple large bird strikes Site Hudson River in the Manhattan borough of New York City , opposite Weehawken , New Jersey ( near Port Imperial ) 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Coordinates : 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 Aircraft Aircraft type Airbus A320 - 214 Operator US Airways Registration N106US Flight origin LaGuardia Airport , New York City Stopover Charlotte Douglas International Airport , Charlotte , North Carolina Destination Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport , Seattle , Washington Passengers 150 Crew 5 Fatalities 0 Injuries 100 ( 95 minor , 5 serious ) Survivors 155 ( all ) US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 - 214 which , in the climbout after takeoff from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on January 15 , 2009 , struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power . Unable to reach any airport , pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan . All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries . The accident came to be known as the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' , and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as `` the most successful ditching in aviation history . '' The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport . The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master 's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their `` heroic and unique aviation achievement '' . Contents ( hide ) 1 Background 2 Accident 2.1 Takeoff and bird strike 2.2 Ditching and evacuation 2.3 Rescue 3 Aftermath 4 Investigation 5 Crew awards and honors 6 Media and popular culture 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links 10.1 US Airways press releases 10.2 Other links Background ( edit ) N106US at LaGuardia in 2001 On January 15 , 2009 , US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549 ' was scheduled to fly from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport ( LGA ) to Charlotte Douglas ( CLT ) , with direct onward service to Seattle -- Tacoma International Airport . The aircraft was an Airbus A320 - 214 powered by two GE Aviation / Snecma - designed CFM56 - 5B4 / P turbofan engines . The pilot in command was 57 - year - old Chesley B. `` Sully '' Sullenberger , a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980 . At the time , he had logged 19,663 total flight hours , including 4,765 in an A320 ; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety . First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles , 49 , had accrued 15,643 career flight hours , but this was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it . There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard . Accident ( edit ) Takeoff and bird strike ( edit ) LaGuardia Runway 4 departure . New York TRACON audio Air traffic control audio from about time of bird strike until ditching ( 3 : 10 long ) Problems playing this file ? See media help . The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia 's Runway 4 at 3 : 24 : 56 pm Eastern Standard Time ( 20 : 24 : 56 UTC ) . With Skiles in control , the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3 : 25 : 51 as being at 700 feet ( 210 m ) and climbing . The weather at 2 : 51 p.m. was 10 miles ( 16 km ) visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet ( 1,100 m ) , wind 8 knots ( 15 km / h ; 9.2 mph ) from 290 ° ; an hour later it was few clouds at 4,200 feet ( 1,300 m ) , wind 9 knots ( 17 km / h ; 10 mph ) from 310 ° . At 3 : 26 : 37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles : `` What a view of the Hudson today . '' Flight path flown ( red ) . Alternative trajectories to Teterboro ( blue ) and back toward La Guardia ( purple ) were simulated for the investigation . At 3 : 27 : 11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet ( 859 m ) about 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) north - northwest of LaGuardia . The pilots ' view was filled with the large birds ; passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the engines , followed by silence and an odor of fuel . Realizing that both engines had shut down , Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart . The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further 19 seconds , reaching about 3,060 feet ( 930 m ) at an airspeed of about 185 knots ( 343 km / h ; 213 mph ) , then began a glide descent , accelerating to 210 knots ( 390 km / h ; 240 mph ) at 3 : 28 : 10 as it descended through 1,650 feet ( 500 m ) . At 3 : 27 : 33 , Sullenberger radioed a mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control ( TRACON ) : `` ... this is Cactus 1539 ( sic -- correct call sign was Cactus 1549 ) , hit birds . We 've lost thrust on both engines . We 're turning back towards LaGuardia '' . Air traffic controller Patrick Harten told LaGuardia 's tower to hold all departures , and directed Sullenberger back to Runway 13 . Sullenberger responded , `` Unable '' . Sullenberger asked controllers for landing options in New Jersey , mentioning Teterboro Airport . Permission was given for Teterboro 's Runway 1 , but Sullenberger responded : `` We ca n't do it ... We 're gon na be in the Hudson '' . The aircraft passed less than 900 feet ( 270 m ) above the George Washington Bridge . Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system , `` Brace for impact '' , and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers . Meanwhile , air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue . Ditching and evacuation ( edit ) Play media Coast Guard video of crash and rescue . About ninety seconds later , at 3 : 31 pm , the plane made an unpowered ditching , descending southwards at about 125 knots ( 140 mph ; 230 km / h ) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary , at 40 ° 46 ′ 10 '' N 74 ° 00 ′ 17 '' W / 40.7695 ° N 74.0046 ° W / 40.7695 ; - 74.0046 on the New York side of the state line , roughly opposite West 50th Street ( near the Intrepid Sea , Air & Space Museum ) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken , New Jersey . Flight attendants compared the ditching to a `` hard landing '' with `` one impact , no bounce , then a gradual deceleration . '' The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward . Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation . The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide / raft deployed from the front right passenger door ( the front left slide failed to operate , so the manual inflation handle was pulled ) . A panicked passenger opened a rear door , which a flight attendant was unable to reseal . Water was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open , so as the water rose the attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats . One passenger was in a wheelchair . Finally , Sullenberger walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty . Play media Video beginning 20 minutes after ditching , with numerous ferries and rescue boats surrounding the aircraft . The air and water temperatures were about 19 ° F ( − 7 ° C ) and 41 ° F ( 5 ° C ) respectively . Some evacuees waited for rescue knee - deep in water on the partially submerged slides , some wearing life - vests . Others stood on the wings or , fearing an explosion , swam away from the plane . One passenger , after helping with the evacuation , found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and swam to a boat . Rescue ( edit ) Sullenberger had ditched near boats which facilitated rescue . NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within minutes and began taking people aboard using a Jason 's cradle . Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to rescue those on the wings first , as they were in more jeopardy than those on the slides , which detached to become life rafts . As the plane drifted , passengers on one slide , fearing that the boat would crush them , shouted for it to steer away . The last person was taken from the plane at 3 : 55 pm . About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby docks , as did police , helicopters , and various vessels and divers . Other agencies provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river , where most passengers were taken . The half - sunken plane surrounded by boats . Aftermath ( edit ) The aircraft tied up alongside Battery Park City . There were five serious injuries , including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen Welsh 's leg . Seventy - eight people were treated , mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia , twenty - four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals , with two passengers kept overnight . One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel damaging his eyes . No pets were being carried on the flight . Each passenger later received a letter of apology , $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage ( and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses ) and refund of the ticket price . In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered . In addition , they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US Airways . Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness , flashbacks , and panic attacks ; some began an email support group . Patrick Harten , the controller who had worked the flight , said that `` the hardest , most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over '' , and that he was `` gripped by raw moments of shock and grief '' . In an effort to prevent similar accidents , officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings . Investigation ( edit ) The plane being recovered from the river during the night of January 17 . The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan , roughly 4 miles ( 6 km ) downstream from the ditching location . The left engine , detached by the ditching , was recovered from the riverbed . On January 17 the aircraft was barged to New Jersey . Feather found in left engine . The initial National Transportation Safety Board ( NTSB ) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust after a bird strike was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data recorders . Two days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall , but the affected engine was restarted . A faulty temperature sensor was replaced , and inspection verified the engine had not been damaged in that incident . On January 21 , the NTSB found evidence of soft - body damage in the right engine along with organic debris including a feather . The left engine also evidenced soft body impact , with : `` dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling . Five booster inlet guide vanes are fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing . '' Both engines , missing large portions of their housings , were sent to the manufacturer for examination . On January 31 , the plane was moved to Kearny , New Jersey . The bird remains were later identified by DNA testing to be Canada geese , which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting . Because the plane was assembled in France the European Aviation Safety Agency ( the European counterpart of the FAA ) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile ( the French counterpart of the NTSB ) joined the investigation , with technical assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation / Snecma , respectively the manufacturers of the airframe and the engines . The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro ; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia succeeded , and only one of the two to Teterboro . Furthermore , the NTSB report called these simulations unrealistic : `` The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real - world considerations . '' A further simulation , conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds , crashed . In testimony before the NTSB , Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport , and that attempting to do so would likely have killed those onboard and more on the ground . The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision , reasoning that the checklist for dual - engine failure is designed for higher altitudes , when pilots have more time to deal with the situation , and that while simulations showed that the plane might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia , those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so , with no time allowed for assessing the situation . The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4 , 2010 , identifying the probable cause as `` the ingestion of large birds into each engine , which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines . '' The final report credited the outcome to four factors : good decision - making and teamwork by the cockpit crew ( including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson ) ; the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation ( and hence carried life vests and additional raft / slides ) even though not required for that route ; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation ; and the proximity of working vessels to the ditching site . Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders . The report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations . N106US on display at Carolinas Aviation Museum . Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320 's fly - by - wire design , by which the pilot uses a side - stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers . The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their own to keep the plane stable , which the pilot can not override even in an emergency . This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course , without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane 's rate of descent . Sullenberger said that these computer - imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing flare for the ditching , which would have softened the impact . In 2010 , the damaged plane ( excluding its engines ) was acquired for the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte , North Carolina , which held a reception on June 11 to commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane 's body , with Sullenberger as keynote speaker and the passengers invited . Crew awards and honors ( edit ) The reactions of all members of the crew , the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was `` text book '' and an example to us all . To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation , with the loss of no lives , is a heroic and unique aviation achievement . -- Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators citation An NTSB board member called the ditching `` the most successful ... in aviation history . These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result , no lives were lost . '' The crew , especially Sullenberger , was praised , notably by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson , who said : `` We had a Miracle on 34th Street . I believe now we have had a Miracle on the Hudson . '' U.S. President George W. Bush said he was `` inspired by the skill and heroism of the flight crew , '' and praised the emergency responders and volunteers . President - elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of Sullenberger 's `` heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft . '' He thanked the crew , whom he invited to his inauguration five days later . The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master 's Medal on January 22 , 2009 ; this is awarded only rarely , for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild . New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented the crew with the Keys to the City , and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight , Sidney Dekker 's Just Culture : Balancing Safety and Accountability . Rescuers received Certificates of Honor . The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1 , 2009 , and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants . His Giants ' jersey was inscribed with the name `` Sully '' and the number 155 -- the count of people aboard the plane . On July 28 , passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson County , New Jersey , on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen , New Jersey , where 57 passengers had been brought following their rescue . Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard , North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue , NY Waterway Ferries , the American Red Cross , Weehawken Volunteer First Aid , the Weehawken Police Department , West New York E.M.S. , North Bergen E.M.S. , the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management , the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force , the Guttenberg Police Department , McCabe Ambulance , the Harrison Police Department , and doctors and nurses who treated survivors . Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena , California . In August 2010 , Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled `` Hudson Miracle APCH , '' dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and annotated `` Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen . '' Sullenberger retired on March 3 , 2010 , after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor , Pacific Southwest Airlines . At the end of his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549 . Media and popular Culture ( edit ) The accident was recorded by several closed - circuit television cameras . Various television reports and documentaries produced soon afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue , and recorded interviews with the aircrew , passengers , rescuers , and other key participants . These included : On February 8 , 2009 , the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as their reunion with passengers . The program aired again on July 5 , 2009 . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' On February 19 , 2009 , Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary entitled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash included personal accounts from passengers , rescuers , and witnesses . On February 21 , 2009 , KGO - TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the `` Face to Face '' series . Dan Ashley talked to Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident . On March 4 , 2009 , the Discovery Channel broadcast a one - hour documentary entitled Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened , with computer - generated imagery ( CGI ) animations of the flight , and interviews with passengers , crew , witnesses , rescuers , and aviation safety experts . On January 10 , 2010 , TLC aired a documentary entitled Brace For Impact , aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact : Inside The Hudson Plane Crash . In March 2011 , Ric Elias , a front - row passenger shared his experience during a TED conference . Beginning in June 2011 , the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures , LLC worked with the Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary , which also looked at the impact of the incident on society . The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel ( Canada ) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash Down . It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled `` Miracle Landing on the Hudson , '' and in the United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011 . Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show , A Prairie Home Companion . The ditching is referenced in the song `` A Real Hero '' by College and Electric Youth , best known from the 2011 movie Drive . The lyrics of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew , as well as alluding to the freezing river . Sullenberger 's memoir , Highest Duty : My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully : Miracle on the Hudson , directed by Clint Eastwood , with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles . It was released by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 2016 . See also ( edit ) New York City portal New Jersey portal Aviation portal 2000s portal List of airline flights that required gliding Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 , emergency landing on Bengawan Solo river after a dual engine flameout in 2002 Pan Am Flight 6 , successful no - lives - lost ditching of a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser in the Pacific Ocean , 1956 Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 , brought down by mechanical failure caused by bird strikes , killing 168 people Ryanair Flight 4102 , which was brought down by bird strikes Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 , emergency landing in woodland north of Stockholm after dual engine overheating & failure and a brief low - altitude glide ; no fatalities TACA Flight 110 , landed on to a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after dual engine flameout ; no casualties The 1963 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu - 124 Neva river ditching , a planned landing in a river which resulted in no casualties Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ A serious injury is defined as any injury that ( 1 ) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours , starting within seven days from the date that the injury was received ; ( 2 ) results in a fracture of any bone , except simple fractures of fingers , toes , or the nose ; ( 3 ) causes severe hemorrhages or nerve , muscle , or tendon damage ; ( 4 ) involves any internal organ ; or ( 5 ) involves second - or third - degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface . A minor injury is defined as any injury that does not qualify as a fatal or serious injury . Jump up ^ AWE1549 , also designated under a Star Alliance codeshare agreement as United Airlines Flight 1919 UA1919 . Jump up ^ Delivered in 1999 , the plane , registered N106US , was one of 74 A320s then in service at US Airways . At the time of the accident its airframe had logged 16,299 flights totaling 25,241 flight hours ; and the engines 19,182 and 26,466 hours . The last `` A Check '' ( performed every 550 flight hours ) was passed on December 6 , 2008 , and the last C Check ( annual comprehensive inspection ) on April 19 , 2008 . Jump up ^ The engines are the primary source of electrical and hydraulic power for the aircraft flight control systems , but an auxiliary power unit ( APU ) can provide backup electrical power , and a ram air turbine ( RAT ) can be deployed into the airstream to provide backup hydraulic pressure and electrical power at certain speeds . Both the APU and RAT were operating as the plane descended onto the river . Jump up ^ The Airbus A320 has a control that closes valves and other openings in the fuselage , in order to slow flooding after a water landing , but the pilots did not activate it . Sullenberger later said this would have made little difference since the water impact tore substantial holes in the fuselage . References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . US Airways ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Aircraft Accident Report : Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River : US Airways Flight 1549 ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board ( Report ) . May 4 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` 49 CFR 830.2 '' . Code of Federal Regulations . October 1 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Live Flight Track Log ( AWE1549 ) 15 - Jan - 2009 KLGA - KLGA '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' ( Press release ) . US Airways . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Olshan , Jeremy ; Livingston , Ikumulisa ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Quiet Air Hero Is Captain America '' . New York Post . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Turner , Celia . `` US Airways Flight 1549 Crew receive prestigious Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Award '' ( PDF ) . Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on January 22 , 2009 . Retrieved April 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Factbox - Downed US Airways plane had 16,000 take - offs '' . Thomson Reuters . January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` N - Number Inquiry Results '' . Federal Aviation Administration . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 11 , 2009 -- via Business Wire . Jump up ^ Goldman , Russell ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways Hero Pilot Searched Plane Twice Before Leaving '' . ABC News . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Mangan , Dan ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero Pilots Disabled Plane to Safety '' . New York Post . Archived from the original on April 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Westfeldt , Amy ; Long , Colleen ; James , Susan ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Hudson River Hero Is Ex-Air Force Fighter Pilot '' . TIME . Associated Press . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Family of copilot from Hudson River plane crash speaks '' . WCBD - TV . Charleston , South Carolina . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on July 22 , 2012 . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Forster , Stacy ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Co-pilot braved frigid waters to retrieve vests for passengers '' . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Retrieved February 11 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Shiner , Linda ( February 18 , 2009 ) . `` Sully 's Tale '' . Air & Space . Retrieved February 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways flight 1549 Airline releases crew information '' . US Airways . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved May 30 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` US Airways # 1549 '' . FlightAware . January 15 , 2009 . Archived from the original on May 24 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Aircraft Accident Report '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . sec . meteorological information . Retrieved March 7 , 2017 . ^ Jump up to : `` NTSB Report US Airways Flight 1549 Water Landing Hudson River January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Flight 1549 lifted out of river ; flight recorders head to D.C. '' NJ.com . Associated Press . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Flight 1549 Crew : Birds Filled Windshield '' . AVweb . January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ; Baker , Al ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` 1549 to Tower : `` We 're Gonna End Up in the Hudson '' `` . The New York Times . p . A29 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Trotta , Daniel ; Crawley , John ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` New York hails pilot who landed jetliner on river '' . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response Final Report '' ( DOC ) . Federal Aviation Administration . July 17 , 2001 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Pasztor , Andy ; Carey , Susan ( January 20 , 2009 ) . `` Backup System Helped Pilot Control Jet '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wald , Matthew L. ( February 5 , 2009 ) . `` Was Flight 1549 's Pilot Fearful ? If So , His Voice Did n't Let On '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Sniffen , Michael J. ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot rejected 2 airport landings '' . San Francisco Chronicle . Associated Press . Archived from the original on January 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Lowy , Joan ; Sniffen , Michael J. ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Controller Thought Plane That Ditched Was Doomed '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on February 26 , 2009 . Retrieved February 24 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Neumeister , Larry ; Caruso , David B. ; Goldman , Adam ; Long , Colleen ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` NTSB : Pilot landed in Hudson to avoid catastrophe '' . Fox News . Associated Press . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . It all happened so fast , the crew never threw the aircraft 's `` ditch switch , '' which seals off vents and holes in the fuselage to make it more seaworthy . ^ Jump up to : `` Memorandum : Full Transcript : Aircraft Accident , AWE1549 , New York City , NY , January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . Federal Aviation Administration . June 19 , 2009 . p. 4 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Brooks , Mike ; Meserve , Jeanne ; Ahlers , Mike ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane crash - lands into Hudson River ; all aboard reported safe '' . CNN . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Fausset , Richard ; Muskal , Michael ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways investigation focuses on missing engines '' . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Belson , Ken ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Updates From Plane Rescue in Hudson River '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McFadden , Robert D. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Is Hailed After Jetliner 's Icy Plunge '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Presenters : Katie Couric , Steve Kroft ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Hero pilot , Plane , Coldplay '' . 60 Minutes . Season 40 . Los Angeles . CBS . KCBS - TV . Jump up ^ McCartney , Scott ( March 25 , 2009 ) . `` It 's Sully , Do n't Hang Up '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved April 3 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Ostrower , Jon ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The Airbus Ditching Button '' . Flight International . Reed Business Information . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Petri , Tom ( February 11 , 2009 ) . Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( PDF ) ( Report ) . U.S. House of Representatives . p. 69 . Jump up ^ Rockoff , Jonathan D. ; Holmes , Elisabeth ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Pilot Lands Jet on Hudson , Saving All Aboard '' . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved January 31 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : McLaughlin , Martin ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` The world needed a hero . The pilot of the Hudson River air crash answered the call '' . The Scotsman . Edinburgh : Johnston Press . Archived from the original on February 27 , 2009 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Buettner , Russ ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` After Splash , Nerves , Heroics and Comedy '' . The New York Times . p . A1 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Curkin , Scott ; Monek , Bob ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Miracle on the Hudson River '' . WABC - TV . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Schwartz , Art . `` Hero on the Hudson : Five years later ' miracle ' survivor describes his experience for local audience '' . The Hudson Reporter . Retrieved May 27 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Science Aids Hudson Rescue Workers '' . U.S. Department of Homeland Security . February 2009 . Jump up ^ Kindergan , Ashley ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Young captain reacts like ' seasoned pro ' '' . NorthJersey.com . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Pyle , Richard ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries to rescue in NYC crash landing '' . The Boston Globe . Associated Press . Archived from the original on June 3 , 2013 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash '' . Channel 4 . Retrieved February 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : Langewiesche , William ( February 7 , 2010 ) . `` The miracle plane crash - landing on the Hudson River '' . The Sunday Times . London . Retrieved January 7 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Schuster , Karla ; Bleyer , Bill ; Chang , Sophia ; DeStefano , Anthony M. ; Lam , Chau ; Mason , Bill ; McGowan , Carl ; Parascandola , Rocco ; Strickler , Andrew ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Commuter ferries , passengers aid in crash victim rescues '' . Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on February 22 , 2014 . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 -- via Uniformed Firefighters Association . Jump up ^ Heightman , A.J. ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` Airplane Crash Showcases Emergency Readiness '' . Journal of Emergency Medical Services . Elsevier . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Wilson , Michael ; Baker , Al ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` A Quick Rescue Kept Death Toll at Zero '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Applebome , Peter ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` A Small Town 's Recurring Role as a Rescue Beacon '' . The New York Times . Retrieved November 28 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` A Testament to Experienced Airline Flight Personnel Doing Their Jobs '' . Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute ( FAMRI ) . Retrieved May 29 , 2014 . ^ Jump up to : `` Pilot hailed for ' Hudson miracle ' '' . BBC News . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Smith , Robert ; Block , Melissa ( February 12 , 2009 ) . `` Passengers Treated For Hypothermia '' . National Public Radio . All Things Considered . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` DCA09MA026 '' . National Transportation Safety Board . Archived from the original on February 21 , 2009 . Retrieved March 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Feuer , Alan ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Odd Sight , Well Worth a Walk in the Cold '' . The New York Times . Retrieved February 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Fahim , Kareem ( January 21 , 2009 ) . `` $5,000 to Each Passenger on Crashed Jet for Lost Bags '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 6 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` A.I.G. Balks at Claims From Jet Ditching in Hudson '' . The New York Times . June 11 , 2009 . Retrieved June 12 , 2009 . Jump up ^ McGeehan , Patrick ( May 18 , 2009 ) . `` Passengers , Here Are Your Bags '' . The New York Times . Retrieved May 27 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Hewitt , Bill ; Egan , Nicole Weisenssee ; Herbst , Diane ; McGee , Tiffany ; Bass , Shermakaye ( February 23 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : The Right Stuff '' . People . pp. 60 -- 66 . Jump up ^ Robbins , Liz ( February 24 , 2009 ) . `` Air Traffic Controller Tells Gripping Tale of Hudson Landing '' . The New York Times . Retrieved March 7 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Akam , Simon ( October 4 , 2009 ) . `` For Culprits in Miracle on Hudson , the Flip Side of Glory '' . The New York Times . Jump up ^ `` Crews hoist plane 's engine from Hudson River '' . USA Today . Associated Press . January 23 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Engine still attached to plane in Hudson , agency says '' . CNN . January 17 , 2009 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Crane pulls airliner from Hudson '' . BBC News . January 18 , 2009 . Retrieved January 18 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson jet 's wreckage moved to N.J '' . MSNBC . January 19 , 2009 . Retrieved January 19 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` US Airways Plane Crash - Lands in New York City 's Hudson River , Everyone Survives '' . Fox News . Associated Press . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Sending Go team to New York City for Hudson River Airliner Accident '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 15 , 2009 . Retrieved January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Preliminary Accident Report '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 16 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Matthews , Karen ; Epstein , Victor ; Weber , Harry ; Dearen , Jason ; Kesten , Lou ; Lowy , Joan ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Plane 's recorders lend support hero pilot 's story '' . The Herald - Dispatch . Huntington , West Virginia . Associated Press . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Boudreau , Abbie ; Zamost , Scott ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Report on Earlier Flight 1549 Scare '' . CNN . Retrieved January 20 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NY crash jet had earlier problem '' . BBC News . January 20 , 2009 . Retrieved January 20 , 2009 . ^ Jump up to : `` Third Update on Investigation into Ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board ( Press release ) . February 4 , 2009 . Retrieved February 5 , 2014 . Jump up ^ Paddock , Barry ( January 21 , 2009 ) . `` Second engine of US Airways Flight 1549 that landed in Hudson River has been found '' . Daily News . New York . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Issues update on investigation into ditching of US Airways jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board ( Press release ) . January 21 , 2009 . Retrieved January 21 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Seeing a Lost Engine to the Surface '' . The New York Times . January 23 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Second Update on investigation of ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River '' . National Transportation Safety Board . January 24 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` NTSB Confirms Birds In Engines Of Flight 1549 '' . NJ.com . Associated Press . February 4 , 2009 . Retrieved February 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ICAO Annex 13 Appendix '' . Investigation Process Research Resources . Jump up ^ `` Accident , Weehawken - Hudson River , on 15 January 2009 , AIRBUS A320 , N106US '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyse ( in French ) . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved June 1 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement of EADS ( Airbus ) Re : US Airways Flight US 1549 Accident in New York ( La Guardia ) '' . EADS ( Airbus ) . January 16 , 2009 . Archived from the original on January 21 , 2013 . Jump up ^ `` Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River US Airways Flight 1549 Airbus A320 ‐ 214 , N106US Weehawken , New Jersey January 15 , 2009 '' ( PDF ) . National Transportation Safety Board . May 4 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : `` Crew Actions and Safety Equipment Credited with Saving Lives in US Airways 1549 Hudson River Ditching , NTSB Says '' . National Transportation Safety Board . Retrieved May 4 , 2010 . ^ Jump up to : Dodd , Johnny ( September 19 , 2016 ) . `` After the Miracle '' . People . pp. 87 -- 88 . Jump up ^ Paur , Jason ( May 5 , 2010 ) . `` Sullenberger Made the Right Move , Landing in the Hudson '' . Wired . Jump up ^ Yang , Carter ( May 4 , 2010 ) . `` NTSB : Sully Could Have Made it Back to LaGuardia '' . CBS News . Jump up ^ Sullenberger , Chesley ( June 19 , 2012 ) . Making a Difference ( video ) . Talks at Google . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Spodak , Cassie ( January 22 , 2010 ) . `` ' Miracle on Hudson ' plane up for auction '' . CNN . Retrieved January 23 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` USAir Flt. 1549 Coming to Charlotte '' ( PDF ) . Contact : the Newsletter of the Carolinas Historic Aviation Commission . February 2011 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on July 18 , 2011 . Retrieved June 6 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washburn , Mark ( June 12 , 2011 ) . `` Applauding the airliner on which lives changed '' . The Charlotte Observer . Archived from the original on September 18 , 2012 . Retrieved June 15 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Gast , Phil ( June 4 , 2011 ) . `` ' Miracle On The Hudson ' Plane Bound For NC '' . CNN . Archived from the original on September 27 , 2011 . Retrieved June 15 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Flight 1549 wings arrive in Charlotte '' . News 14 Carolina . September 15 , 2011 . Retrieved September 17 , 2011 . Jump up ^ Washburn , Mark ( June 29 , 2012 ) . `` Aviation Museum lands flight 1549 engines '' . The Charlotte Observer . Retrieved June 29 , 2012 . Jump up ^ Dorsey , Joe ( February 6 , 2014 ) . `` The Miracle on the Hudson -- The Incredible Story of Captain `` Sully '' and US Airways Flight 1549 `` . Travel Thru History . Retrieved October 7 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Naughton , Philippe ; Bone , James ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` Hero crash pilot Chesley Sullenberger offered key to city of New York '' . The Times . London . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2010 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Rivera , Ray ( January 16 , 2009 ) . `` In a Split Second , a Pilot Becomes a Hero Years in the Making '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Statement by the President on Plane Crash in New York City '' . Office of the Press Secretary , The White House ( Press release ) . January 15 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Chesley B. Sully Sullenberger Praised By Obama '' . Huffington Post . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 17 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Seelye , Katharine Q. ( January 19 , 2009 ) . `` Obama Invites Flight 1549 Pilot and Crew to Inauguration '' . The New York Times . Retrieved January 26 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg Presents Captain and Crew of US Airways Flight 1549 With Keys to the City '' . City of New York . February 9 , 2009 . Retrieved February 9 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Mayor Bloomberg and US Airways Chief Executive Officer Doug Parker Honor Civilian and Uniformed Rescuers from Flight 1549 '' . City of New York . January 16 , 2009 . Retrieved January 28 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` Hero pilot : Splash landing in Hudson ' surreal ' '' . USA Today . Associated Press . February 3 , 2009 . Retrieved August 1 , 2013 . Jump up ^ Reid , John ( April 7 , 2009 ) . `` Mountain View school reunion at Giants ' opener '' . The Mercury News . Retrieved April 14 , 2009 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' survivors to return to waterfront '' . The Union City Reporter . July 22 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Tirella , Tricia ( August 2 , 2009 ) . `` A pat on the back '' . The Union City Reporter . Jump up ^ Hradecky , Simon . `` The Hudson Miracle Approach '' . Aviation Herald . Retrieved August 15 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` ' Miracle on the Hudson ' pilot Chesley Sullenberger retires '' . Syracuse.com . Associated Press . March 3 , 2010 . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Radutzky , Michael ; Beecher , Lori ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Radutzky , Michael ; Dubin , Jenny ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : Saving 155 Souls In Minutes '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ Simon , Tanya ; Beecher , Lori ; Metz , Andrew ( February 8 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 : An Emotional Reunion '' . 60 Minutes . CBS News . Jump up ^ `` Face to Face : Dan Ashley and the Sullenbergers '' . ABC News . Archived from the original on June 29 , 2011 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson Plane Crash -- What Really Happened '' . Discovery Channel . Retrieved March 5 , 2009 . Jump up ^ Knox , David ( April 7 , 2010 ) . `` Returning : The Force , Lewis . Airdate : Miracle at the Zoo , Hudson Plane Crash '' . TV Tonight . Jump up ^ Elias , Ric ( March 2011 ) . `` Ric Elias : Three things I learned while my plane crashed '' . TED . Jump up ^ Carpenter , Marla ( June 8 , 2011 ) . `` UNCSA film students are documenting move of ' Miracle on the Hudson ' plane to Charlotte museum '' . University of North Carolina School of the Arts . Jump up ^ `` Process Pictures involved with documentary chronicling the impact of Flight 1549 on America '' . Process Pictures . Archived from the original on April 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Runway '' . Mayday . Season 11 . 2010 . Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ Miracle Landing on the Hudson . 2014 . National Geographic Channel . Jump up ^ `` Hudson River Landing '' . Air Crash. 2011 . Channel 5 ( UK ) . Jump up ^ Keillor , Garrison ( January 18 , 2009 ) . `` Post to the Host : US Airways Flight 1549 '' . A Prairie Home Companion . Archived from the original on May 31 , 2014 . Jump up ^ O'Connell , Michael ( October 27 , 2011 ) . `` ' Drive ' Song Inspired by Captain Sully Sullenberger and ' Mad Max ' ( Video ) '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 25 , 2012 . Jump up ^ McClintock , Pamela ( June 2 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's Next Movie Revealed : Capt . `` Sully '' Sullenberger Tale `` . The Hollywood Reporter . Jump up ^ Ford , Rebecca ( August 11 , 2015 ) . `` Aaron Eckhart Joins Tom Hanks in Sully Sullenberger Movie '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved August 11 , 2015 . Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( December 18 , 2015 ) . `` Clint Eastwood 's ' Sully ' Gets Early Fall Release Date '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved December 25 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to US Airways Flight 1549 . US Airways Press releases ( edit ) `` US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` Press Release : US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 15 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 7 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 8 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways Update Regarding Crew of Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 Parker , Doug ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker makes statement regarding flight 1549 '' . US Airways . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways CEO Doug Parker Invited to Speak at Honor Ceremony Regarding Flight 1549 '' . phx.corporate-ir.net . Tempe , Arizona . January 16 , 2009 `` US Airways update regarding crew of flight 1549 '' . Tempe Arizona , January 19 , 2009 . Other links ( edit ) `` Information on the accident that occurred in New York on January 15 , 2009 '' . Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile . January 16 , 2009 . Krūms , Jānis ( January 15 , 2009 ) . `` There 's a plane in the Hudson . I 'm on the ferry going to pick up the people . Crazy '' . TwitPic . `` US Airways 1549 ( AWE1549 ) , January 15 , 2009 '' . Federal Aviation Administration . March 2 , 2009 . exosphere3d ( November 12 , 2009 ) . `` Flight 1549 Alternate Audio , Multi-Perspective Composite Animation '' . YouTube . `` Cactus Flight 1549 Accident Reconstruction ( US Airways Animation ) '' . Exosphere3D . `` Analysis of Training for Emergency Water Landings Questions Assumptions , Inconsistencies '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 33 ( 6 ) . November -- December 1998 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . `` Stress , Behavior , Training and Safety ( in Emergency Evacuation ) '' ( PDF ) . Cabin Crew Safety . The Flight Safety Foundation . 25 ( 3 ) . May -- June 1990 . Retrieved February 10 , 2009 . Corrigan , Douglas ( April 2011 ) . `` The Demise of the Airline Pilot '' . Culture Wars . Process Pictures , LLC ( 2012 ) . `` ' The Miracle on the Hudson ' Teaser '' . Vimeo . `` Hudson Miracle Approach Chart '' . Jeppesen . `` Photos of the Airbus '' . Airliners.net . Gould , Joe ( January 17 , 2009 ) . `` Stayed high & dry on my trip to N.C. '' Daily News . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | when did flight 1549 land in the hudson river | ["US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries."] | ['January 15, 2009'] | US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries. |
[question]: What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009?
[answer]: The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | What was the name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009? | The name of the plane that crashed into the Hudson River in 2009 was US Airways Flight 1549. | 1 | 7.286422 | 18 | 82 | 1 |
7,723 | -5,194,382,903,048,122,000 | Area code 406 | Area code 406 - wikipedia Area code 406 Jump to : navigation , search The map to the right is clickable ; click on an area code to go to the page for that code . Coordinates : 47 ° 00 ′ 01 '' N 109 ° 45 ′ 04 '' W / 47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W / 47.00028 ; - 109.75111 ( State of Montana ) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana . It has been Montana 's area code since area codes were created in 1947 . As of 2013 , there were 1.7 million lines served by 47 carriers ; all but two wireline providers support local number portability ( the exceptions are small rural independents Hot Springs Telephone Company and Northern Telephone Cooperative ) . Sufficient available codes for new exchanges in the 406 area code exist to meet anticipated demand until 2019 ; number pooling has been implemented in response to increased demand and inefficient use of 406 numbering resources . Contents ( hide ) 1 Exchanges in area code 406 2 Use by Google 3 References 4 See also Exchanges in area code 406 ( edit ) Absarokee : 328 , 985 Alberton : 722 Alta : 349 Alzada : 828 , 938 Anaconda : 559 , 560 , 563 , 691 , 797 Arlee : 726 Ashland : 784 , 983 Augusta : 562 Avon : 492 Bainville : 769 Baker : 778 , 891 , 956 , 978 Belfry : 664 Belgrade : 388 , 813 , 924 Belt : 277 Bigfork : 420 , 837 Big Sandy : 378 Big Sky : 993 , 995 , 999 Big Timber : 930 , 931 , 932 , 936 Billings : 200 , 206 , 208 , 237 , 238 , 245 , 247 , 248 , 252 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 259 , 272 , 281 , 294 , 318 , 325 , 371 , 373 , 384 , 435 , 534 , 545 , 591 , 598 , 601 , 606 , 620 , 647 , 651 , 652 , 655 , 656 , 657 , 661 , 670 , 671 , 672 , 690 , 694 , 696 , 697 , 698 , 702 , 794 , 839 , 850 , 855 , 860 , 861 , 867 , 869 , 876 , 894 , 896 , 927 , 969 Birney : 984 Bloomfield : 583 Boulder : 225 , 313 Box Elder : 352 Bozeman : 209 , 219 , 312 , 404 , 414 , 451 , 522 , 539 , 548 , 551 , 556 , 570 , 577 , 579 , 580 , 581 , 582 , 585 , 586 , 587 , 589 , 595 , 599 , 600 , 602 , 624 , 898 , 916 , 920 , 922 , 994 Brady : 753 Bridger : 662 , 800 Broadus : 436 , 935 Broadview : 667 Brockton : 786 Browning : 338 , 573 Busby : 592 Butte : 221 , 299 , 310 , 479 , 490 , 491 , 494 , 496 , 497 , 498 , 533 , 565 , 593 , 723 , 782 , 792 Canyon Creek : 368 Carlyle : 588 Carter : 734 Cascade : 468 Charlo : 644 Chester : 759 Chinook : 357 Choteau : 466 Circle : 485 , 974 Clinton : 330 , 825 Clyde Park : 686 Colstrip : 213 , 720 , 740 , 748 , 749 Columbia Falls : 892 , 897 Columbus : 290 , 298 , 321 , 322 , 780 Condon : 754 Conrad : 271 , 278 , 289 , 505 , 576 Cooke City : 838 Crooked Creek : 484 Culbertson : 514 , 787 , 790 Custer : 856 Cut Bank : 229 , 391 , 845 , 873 Dagmar : 483 Darby : 821 Decker : 757 Deer Lodge : 415 , 645 , 846 Denton : 567 Devon : 432 Dillon : 596 , 660 , 683 , 865 , 925 , 960 , 988 Divide : 267 , 553 Dixon : 246 Dodson : 383 Drummond : 288 Dupuyer : 472 Dutton : 476 East Conrad : 627 East Glacier Park : 226 Ekalaka : 775 , 975 Elmo : 631 , 849 Ennis : 682 Ethridge : 339 Eureka : 296 Eureka rural : 297 , 882 , 889 Fairfield : 467 Fairview : 742 , 747 Fallon : 486 Finley Point : 571 , 887 Flaxville : 474 Flaxville rural : 779 Forsyth : 201 , 346 , 351 , 356 , 729 Fort Benton : 621 , 622 Fort Peck : 526 Fort Shaw : 264 Fort Smith : 666 Frazer : 695 Frenchtown : 508 , 626 Froid : 766 Froid rural : 963 Fromberg : 668 Gallatin Gateway : 518 , 763 Gardiner : 848 Geraldine : 737 Geyser : 735 Gildford : 376 Glasgow : 228 , 230 , 263 , 831 , 942 Glendive : 345 , 359 , 365 , 377 , 948 , 987 Glentana : 724 Grant : 681 Grass Range : 428 , 928 Great Falls : 205 , 216 , 217 , 231 , 268 , 315 , 403 , 452 , 453 , 454 , 455 , 564 , 590 , 604 , 727 , 731 , 750 , 760 , 761 , 770 , 771 , 781 , 788 , 791 , 799 , 836 , 866 , 868 , 870 , 878 , 899 , 923 , 952 , 964 , 965 Hamilton : 360 , 361 , 363 , 369 , 375 , 381 , 802 , 961 Hardin : 623 , 629 , 638 , 665 , 679 , 699 , 953 Harlem : 353 Harlowton : 632 Harrison : 685 Haugan : 678 Havre : 262 , 265 , 808 , 879 , 945 Hays : 673 Helena : 202 , 204 , 227 , 324 , 389 , 410 , 417 , 422 , 430 , 431 , 437 , 438 , 439 , 440 , 441 , 442 , 443 , 444 , 447 , 449 , 457 , 458 , 459 , 461 , 465 , 475 , 495 , 502 , 513 , 555 , 558 , 594 , 603 , 634 , 841 , 933 , 992 , 996 Highwood : 733 Hingham : 397 Hinsdale : 364 Hobson : 423 Hopp Illiad : 386 Hot Springs : 741 Hungry Horse : 387 , 929 Huntley : 348 Hysham : 342 Jackson : 834 Joliet : 905 , 962 Joplin : 292 Jordan : 557 , 977 Judith Gap : 473 Kalispell : 212 , 249 , 250 , 253 , 257 , 260 , 261 , 270 , 300 , 309 , 314 , 407 , 471 , 607 , 751 , 752 , 755 , 756 , 758 , 858 , 871 , 885 , 890 Kevin - Oilmont : 337 Kremlin : 372 Lakeside : 709 , 844 Lambert : 774 , 914 Lame Deer : 477 Larslan : 725 Laurel : 530 , 628 , 633 , 743 , 812 Lavina : 636 Lewistown : 350 , 366 , 380 , 535 , 538 , 707 , 708 , 968 Libby : 283 , 291 , 293 , 334 , 400 Lima : 276 , 340 Lincoln : 362 Lindsay : 584 Livingston : 220 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 333 , 823 , 946 Lodge Grass : 639 Loma : 739 Malta : 301 , 654 , 680 Manhattan : 282 , 284 Marion : 854 , 991 Martinsdale : 572 Medicine Lake : 789 Melrose : 835 Melstone : 358 Melville : 537 Miles City : 232 , 233 , 234 , 851 , 852 , 853 , 874 , 934 , 944 , 951 Missoula : 203 , 207 , 214 , 215 , 218 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 243 , 251 , 258 , 273 , 274 , 303 , 317 , 327 , 329 , 370 , 396 , 493 , 523 , 529 , 531 , 532 , 540 , 541 , 542 , 543 , 544 , 546 , 549 , 550 , 552 , 721 , 728 , 829 , 830 , 880 , 926 Molt : 669 Moore : 374 Musselshell : 947 Nashua : 746 Neihart : 236 North Broadus : 554 North Cut Bank : 336 North Frannie : 764 North Glasgow : 367 North Hinsdale : 648 North Nashua : 785 North Parkman : 643 , 659 North Poplar : 448 North Havre : 394 , 398 North Ryegate : 575 North Wolf Point : 392 Noxon : 847 Olney : 820 , 881 Opheim : 762 Outlook : 895 Ovando : 793 Pablo : 275 , 332 , 675 Peerless : 893 Pendroy : 469 Philipsburg : 859 Plains : 826 Plentywood : 765 Plevna : 772 , 971 Polson : 319 , 872 , 883 , 884 Pompey 's Pillar : 875 Poplar : 768 Potomac : 244 Power : 463 Rapelje : 663 Raynesford : 738 Red Lodge : 425 , 426 , 445 , 446 , 818 Reed Point : 326 Reserve : 286 Richey : 773 , 979 Ridge : 767 Rock Springs : 354 Ronan : 528 , 676 , 833 Rosebud : 347 Roundup : 320 , 323 , 331 , 913 Roy : 464 , 954 Rudyard : 355 Ryegate : 568 Saco : 527 Saint Ignatius : 744 , 745 , 824 Saint Mary : 732 Savage : 776 Scobey : 487 , 688 Scobey rural : 783 Seeley Lake : 210 , 499 , 677 Shelby : 424 , 434 , 450 , 460 , 470 , 597 , 966 Sheridan : 842 Sidney : 433 , 478 , 480 , 482 , 488 , 489 , 630 , 943 , 973 Silvertip : 574 , 840 Somers : 393 , 857 South Alberton : 864 South Broadus : 427 South Chester : 456 South Miles City : 421 , 981 South Havre : 390 , 395 , 399 South Malta : 658 South Wolf Point : 525 , 915 Stanford : 566 Stevensville : 625 , 777 Stockett : 736 Saint Regis : 269 , 280 , 649 Sunburst : 561 , 937 Superior : 382 , 515 , 822 Swan Lake : 612 , 886 Sweetgrass : 335 Terry : 635 , 637 , 957 Thompson Falls : 242 , 615 , 827 Three Forks : 285 , 616 Townsend : 266 , 521 , 949 , 980 Troy : 295 Turner : 379 Twin Bridges : 684 Valier : 279 Victor : 642 Virginia City : 843 Valley Industrial Park : 524 Warm Springs : 693 West Beach : 877 Westby : 385 West Camp Crook : 972 West Glacier : 888 West Glendive : 687 , 939 , 941 , 989 West Sidney : 798 West Squaw Gap : 569 West Yellowstone : 640 , 641 , 646 Whitefish : 730 , 862 , 863 Whitehall : 287 Whitewater : 674 White Sulphur Springs : 305 , 547 Wibaux : 795 , 796 Wilsall : 578 Winifred : 462 Winnett : 429 Wisdom : 689 Wise River : 832 Wolf Creek : 235 , 302 Wolf Point : 650 , 653 Worden : 967 Wyola : 343 Yellow Bay : 692 , 982 Premium numbers : 976 Use by Google ( edit ) On December 10 , 2008 , Google 's Gmail Blog announced that SMS messages could be sent from inside Gmail . The messages are sent from numbers in the 406 area code . Each number is unique and can be bookmarked in your phone for replies or future use . Google also employs the use of area code 406 for the assignment of reply - to or callback numbers for Google Voice 's customers ' contacts . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` State of Montana '' . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey . Jump up ^ http://www.fcc.gov/document/montana-psc-granted-authority-implement-mandatory-number-pooling Jump up ^ North Parkman is served from wire centre DNRHWYMARS1 in Sheridan , WY Jump up ^ Ridge is served from HLTTWYXCRS1 Hulett , WY Jump up ^ Silvertip is served from POWLWYMARS1 Powell , WY Jump up ^ West Beach is served from BECHNDXADS1 in Beach , ND Jump up ^ West Camp Crook is served from CMCRSDXARL0 in Camp Crook , SD Jump up ^ West Squaw Gap is served from SQGPNDXARS5 Squaw Gap , ND Jump up ^ Official GMail Blog ( 10 December 2008 ) . `` Really new in Labs this time : SMS Text Messaging for chat '' . Archived from the original on 4 March 2011 . Retrieved 5 March 2011 . See also ( edit ) NANPA Area Code Map of Montana List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com , 406 Area Code Montana area codes : 406 North : 403 / 587 / 825 , 250 / 778 / 236 , 306 / 639 West : 208 406 East : 605 , 701 South : 208 , 307 Alberta area codes : 403 , 587 , 780 , 825 British Columbia area codes : 236 , 250 , 604 , 778 Saskatchewan area codes : 306 , 639 Idaho area codes : 208 North Dakota area codes : 701 South Dakota area codes : 605 Wyoming area codes : 307 ( hide ) Lists of area codes in the North American Numbering Plan Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Caribbean Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Bermuda British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Jamaica Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands U.S. Virgin Islands Oceania American Samoa Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Guam United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah U.S. Government Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Area_code_406&oldid=794991945 '' Categories : Area codes in the United States Area codes in Montana Telecommunications - related introductions in 1947 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Español Français Edit links This page was last edited on 11 August 2017 , at 09 : 10 . About Wikipedia | where is area code 406 located in usa | ["Coordinates: 47°00′01″N 109°45′04″W\ufeff / \ufeff47.00028°N 109.75111°W\ufeff / 47.00028; -109.75111\ufeff (State of Montana)[1] Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947."] | ['Montana'] | Coordinates: 47°00′01″N 109°45′04″W / 47.00028°N 109.75111°W / 47.00028; -109.75111 (State of Montana)[1] Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947. |
[question]: What is the area code for the state of Montana?
[answer]: The area code for the state of Montana is 406. | What is the area code for the state of Montana? | The area code for the state of Montana is 406. | 1 | 7.282412 | 10 | 39 | 1 |
26,167 | 588,564,872,008,044,000 | Columbus Blue Jackets | Columbus Blue Jackets - Wikipedia Columbus Blue Jackets This is the current revision of this page , as edited by 137.14. 10.20 ( talk ) at 12 : 33 , 29 August 2017 ( → NHL awards and trophies ) . The present address ( URL ) is a permanent link to this version . Revision as of 12 : 33 , 29 August 2017 by 137.14. 10.20 ( talk ) ( → NHL awards and trophies ) ( diff ) ← Previous revision Latest revision ( diff ) Newer revision → ( diff ) Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the NHL team . For the youth team , see Special Hockey § American teams . Columbus Blue Jackets 2017 -- 18 Columbus Blue Jackets season Conference Eastern Division Metropolitan Founded 2000 History Columbus Blue Jackets 2000 -- present Home arena Nationwide Arena City Columbus , Ohio Colors Union Blue , Goal Red , Capital Silver , White Media Fox Sports Ohio CD1025 ( 102.5 FM ) The Fan ( 97.1 FM ) Owner ( s ) John P. McConnell General manager Jarmo Kekalainen Head coach John Tortorella Captain Nick Foligno Minor league affiliates Cleveland Monsters ( AHL ) Stanley Cups 0 Conference championships 0 Presidents ' Trophy 0 Division championships 0 Official website nhl.com/bluejackets The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus , Ohio . They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Blue Jackets were founded as an expansion team in 2000 . The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009 . The Blue Jackets ' name and logos are inspired by Ohio 's Civil War history . The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus , which opened in 2000 . They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL . Contents ( hide ) 1 Franchise history 1.1 Building a new franchise ( 1997 -- 2000 ) 1.2 Early years ( 2000 -- 2005 ) 1.3 Rick Nash - era and rebuilding ( 2005 -- 2013 ) 1.4 Return to playoff contention ( 2013 -- present ) 1.4. 1 John Tortorella era 2 Team information 2.1 Team name 2.2 Logos and jerseys 2.3 `` The Cannon '' 2.4 Broadcast 2.5 Mascot 3 Season - by - season record 4 Players 4.1 Current roster 5 Team member accomplishments 5.1 Team captains 5.2 First round draft picks 5.2. 1 Notes 5.3 Honored members 5.3. 1 Hall of Famers 6 Franchise scoring leaders 7 NHL awards and trophies 8 Single - season records 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Franchise history ( edit ) Building a New franchise ( 1997 -- 2000 ) ( edit ) Prior to the establishment of the Blue Jackets , the last NHL team in the state of Ohio was the Cleveland Barons , who played from 1976 to 1978 . In Columbus , the Blue Jackets replaced the Columbus Chill of the ECHL , who played in the city from 1991 to 1999 . The Chill played at the Ohio Expo Center Coliseum where they had an 83 - game sellout streak , which was a minor league hockey record at the time . On June 25 , 1997 , the NHL announced the existence of a new franchise in Columbus , with John H. McConnell as its owner . In November 1996 , five investors formed a partnership called Columbus Hockey Limited , who then submitted an application and a $100,000 fee to the NHL office . The voters of Columbus were considering a referendum to build a publicly financed arena , a major step toward approval of their NHL bid . When League Commissioner Gary Bettman visited Columbus to meet with the community 's leaders about the franchise proposal , there was concern that the voters might not pass the needed referendum . The civic leaders told Bettman that they would not be willing to foot the bill for the team if the referendum failed . However , just after the meeting adjourned , John H. McConnell ( one of those who entered the bid ) privately guaranteed Bettman that an arena would be built , referendum or not . Columbus ' hopes for the bid dimmed when the May referendum failed . However , Nationwide announced on May 31 , 1997 , that it would finance the $150 - million arena . Subsequently , on June 25 , 1997 , the NHL announced that Columbus would receive a new franchise . Afterwards a `` Name the Team '' contest was held with the help from Wendy 's throughout central Ohio during the month of August 1997 . Out of 14,000 submitted entries , the franchise with help from the NHL narrowed the 14,000 entries down to 10 names . Then with the information received from owner McConnell ) ) regarding Columbus ' history , the League and the franchise narrowed the list of potential names down to two -- Blue Jackets and Justice . The former , which referenced Ohio 's contributions to the American Civil War , was eventually announced as the team name in November . On June 23 , 2000 , the NHL 's two newest teams , the Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild , took part in the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft in Calgary , Alberta . Under the draft 's rules , 26 of the NHL 's active 28 teams were allowed to protect one goaltender , five defensemen , and nine forwards , or two goaltenders , three defensemen , and seven forwards . The Atlanta Thrashers and Nashville Predators both had their full rosters protected because they were the two newest teams , only being in existence for one and two years , respectively . Both the Blue Jackets and Wild had to use their first 24 selections on three goaltenders , eight defensemen , and thirteen forwards . Their final two picks could be players of any position . With the first - overall choice , the Blue Jackets selected goaltender Rick Tabaracci from the Colorado Avalanche . Over the course of the draft , Columbus picked up goalie Dwayne Roloson , defensemen Lyle Odelein and Mathieu Schneider , and forwards Geoff Sanderson , Turner Stevenson and Dallas Drake , among others . Instead of joining Columbus , Roloson signed with the American Hockey League 's Worcester IceCats , Schneider left for the Los Angeles Kings , and the St. Louis Blues signed Drake . Columbus also traded Stevenson to the New Jersey Devils to complete an earlier transaction . The Blue Jackets and Wild were granted concessions by some franchises who could not protect their full rosters . The San Jose Sharks traded Jan Caloun , a ninth - round pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft , and a 2001 conditional pick to Columbus ; in return , the Blue Jackets agreed not to select the Sharks ' unprotected goaltender Evgeni Nabokov . On June 24 , at the 2000 NHL Entry Draft , Columbus selected Rostislav Klesla fourth overall . Early years ( 2000 -- 2005 ) ( edit ) The Blue Jackets played their first regular - season game on October 7 , 2000 , a 5 -- 3 loss to the Chicago Blackhawks . Bruce Gardiner scored the franchise 's first goal . Columbus finished with a 28 -- 39 -- 9 -- 6 record for 71 points , last in the Central Division , and failed to qualify for the playoffs . Geoff Sanderson became the first player in team history to score 30 goals . Ron Tugnutt , who was signed in the summer of 2000 , supplied solid goaltending with 22 wins , which tied the 74 - year - old League record for wins by an expansion - team goalie ( New York Rangers ' Lorne Chabot also had 22 wins in 1926 -- 27 ) . Doug MacLean was the general manager for the Blue Jackets from 1998 to 2007 , and head coach from 2002 to 2004 The Blue Jackets finished next - to - last in the NHL in the following season , with only 57 points . Ray Whitney , acquired from the Florida Panthers the previous season , led the team in scoring with 61 points , setting a franchise record . Tragedy struck the Blue Jackets organization in March 2002 when 13 - year - old Brittanie Cecil was killed after a deflected puck shot by Espen Knutsen struck her in the head while she was in the stands at Nationwide Arena . As a result of her death , large nylon mesh nets were installed behind the goals in all NHL arenas to shield spectators from pucks going over the glass . The team also wore small red hearts with the initials `` BNC '' on their helmets . During the off - season , the Blue Jackets traded a second - round pick ( 32nd overall ) and Ron Tugnutt to the Dallas Stars . In return , Columbus received Dallas ' first - round pick ( 20th overall ) in the 2002 Entry Draft . On the morning of the draft , Columbus traded the third - overall pick and the option to flip draft spots in 2003 to the Florida Panthers ; in return , Columbus received the first - overall pick , which they used to select Rick Nash . The 2002 -- 03 season started with Columbus putting up a 7 -- 5 -- 1 -- 1 record after the first 14 games . However , as expectations from their fans grew higher , the team came back to mediocrity , finishing last in the Central Division for the third consecutive season with 69 points and missing the playoffs once again . Dave King , who had been the team 's head coach since their debut in 2000 , was fired mid-season and replaced by General Manager Doug MacLean . Marc Denis was named starting goalie ; he played a franchise - record 77 games that season and set a League record with 4,511 minutes played in 2002 -- 03 . He tied for second all - time for games played in a season by a goaltender , just two shy of the League record held by St. Louis Blues ' Grant Fuhr in the 1995 -- 96 season . The 2003 -- 04 season was another losing season for the Blue Jackets despite key additions in the offseason . Checking center Todd Marchant was signed to a five - year contract in July from the Edmonton Oilers . Defenseman Darryl Sydor , known to play strong offense as well , was acquired from the Dallas Stars for Mike Sillinger and a draft pick . MacLean stepped aside as head coach midway through the season , giving way to Gerard Gallant . The Blue Jackets finished with just 62 points ( the second - lowest total in their short history ) , but it was enough to help them break out of last place in the Central Division for the first time , finishing ahead of the Chicago Blackhawks . Nash was one of the few bright spots for the team ; his 41 goals tied Jarome Iginla and Ilya Kovalchuk for the Maurice `` Rocket '' Richard Trophy ( as League leader in goals scored ) . In the 2004 off - season , the NHL Players ' Association ( NHLPA ) and NHL administration failed to renew their collective bargaining agreement . September 14 , 2004 , marked the beginning of the lockout of the 2004 -- 05 season . No games were played and the Stanley Cup was not awarded for the first time since the flu epidemic of 1919 . An agreement was made on July 13 , 2005 , and the lockout officially ended nine days later on July 22 , 2005 . Rick Nash - era and rebuilding ( 2005 -- 2013 ) ( edit ) In the summer of 2005 , rugged Colorado Avalanche defenseman Adam Foote agreed to a three - year deal with the team . Heading into the 2005 -- 06 season , it appeared the Blue Jackets would finally take the next step and make the playoffs . Instead , injuries to Rick Nash , Rostislav Klesla and Gilbert Brule , the team 's 2005 first - round pick , led to the team putting up a dismal 9 -- 25 -- 1 record through its first 35 games . Superstar Sergei Fedorov was acquired from the Anaheim Mighty Ducks ; Anaheim received Tyler Wright and François Beauchemin , and later claimed Todd Marchant off waivers . While again failing to make the playoffs , Columbus did manage to improve . They had the best overtime record in the NHL ( 14 -- 4 ) and finished the season with franchise records for wins ( 35 ) and points ( 74 ) . For the first time ever , they earned a third - place finish in the Central Division , behind Detroit and Nashville . On November 15 , 2005 , the Blue Jackets acquire Sergei Fedorov through a trade with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim . Fedorov played three seasons with the team before he was traded in the 2007 -- 08 season . The 2006 -- 07 season saw several changes made to the team . In the off - season , Marc Denis was dealt to the Tampa Bay Lightning for forward Fredrik Modin and goaltending prospect Fredrik Norrena , making way for Pascal Leclaire to take the starting job . The Blue Jackets also signed Anson Carter when it looked as if Nikolay Zherdev would be playing the season in Russia ; in late September , however , Zherdev and General Manager Doug MacLean were able to reach a compromise . Partway through the season , on November 13 , 2006 , Gerard Gallant was relieved of his duties as head coach . The next day , Gary Agnew was named his interim replacement . On November 22 , Ken Hitchcock , former coach of the Dallas Stars and Philadelphia Flyers , was named the new head coach , effective the following day . Under Hitchcock 's first year , two milestones were set : on December 10 , 2006 , the Blue Jackets scored a team - record five power - play goals in a 6 -- 2 win over the Ottawa Senators , and on April 3 , 2007 , the Blue Jackets broke the modern - day record for most times being shut - out in a season ( 16 ) with a 3 -- 0 loss to the Detroit Red Wings . On April 18 , 2007 , Doug MacLean , the team 's first general manager and president , was fired after nine years and six seasons at the helm without a playoff berth . Mike Priest , President of Blue Jackets parent company JMAC , Inc. , was named President of the club , while Assistant General Manager Jim Clark served as general manager until the Blue Jackets named Edmonton Oilers Assistant General Manager Scott Howson as the new general manager on June 15 , 2007 . On October 4 , 2007 , the Blue Jackets announced their affiliation with the Elmira Jackals , which replaced their former affiliation with the Dayton Bombers as the club 's ECHL affiliate . The 2007 -- 08 season , the club 's first full season under Hitchcock , started off well as the Jackets got off to their best start in franchise history , starting with a 4 -- 0 shutout of the defending Stanley Cup champion Anaheim Ducks . At the trade deadline on February 26 , 2008 , however , apparently unable to agree on a new contract and amid some controversy , Blue Jackets captain Adam Foote requested a trade to the Colorado Avalanche , which was granted . The Blue Jackets received a pair of conditional picks in return . A few weeks later , on March 12 , 2008 , former Blue Jackets number - one draft pick Rick Nash was named the new team captain . Despite this , Columbus managed its best season record to date , staying above a . 500 game wins average until the very last game of the season and finishing fourth in the Central Division with 80 points . After the season , Nash was announced as the cover player for the NHL 2K9 video game by Take - Two Interactive . At the 2008 NHL Entry Draft , the Blue Jackets selected Nikita Filatov with the sixth overall pick . They also traded away the 19th overall pick ( acquired from the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for Adam Foote ) for R.J. Umberger . The Blue Jackets made many trades in the 2008 off - season . Gilbert Brule was traded to the Edmonton Oilers for Raffi Torres . Enigmatic forward Nikolay Zherdev and Dan Fritsche were traded to the New York Rangers in exchange for defensemen Fedor Tyutin and Christian Backman . The Blue Jackets also signed free agents Kristian Huselius and Mike Commodore to multi-year contracts . On July 9 , 2008 , the Blue Jackets announced they signed Hitchcock to a three - year extension to remain as head coach . During the 2008 -- 09 season , the Blue Jackets made two trades which greatly played to their benefit . Forward Jason Williams was acquired from the Atlanta Thrashers in exchange for defenseman Clay Wilson and a sixth - round draft pick . The Blue Jackets were also involved with the first major deal of the 2009 NHL trade deadline , by trading goaltender Pascal Leclaire and a second - round draft pick to the Ottawa Senators for skilled center Antoine Vermette . The changes in scenery benefited both players and the Jackets ; Williams scored 28 points in his first 36 games as a Jacket , while Vermette scored 11 points in his first 14 games with the team . On April 8 , 2009 , the Columbus Blue Jackets secured the first Stanley Cup playoff berth in the franchise 's eight - year history with a 4 -- 3 shootout win over the Chicago Blackhawks . However , they were swept in the first round by the Detroit Red Wings in four games , and would not qualify for the playoffs for the next four seasons . With 21 games remaining and sitting four points out of eighth in the Western Conference , the Blue Jackets dealt long time defenseman Rostislav Klesla and Dane Byers to the Phoenix Coyotes in exchange for Scottie Upshall and Sami Lepisto at the trade deadline on February 28 , 2011 . Named captain on March 12 , 2008 , Rick Nash served as the team 's captain until he was traded to the New York Rangers on July 23 , 2012 . In the 2011 off - season , in an attempt to make a serious playoff run , the Blue Jackets traded Jakub Voracek , their 2011 first round pick ( Sean Couturier ) and a third round pick ( Nick Cousins ) to the Philadelphia Flyers for All - Star center Jeff Carter . They also signed several free agents : James Wisniewski , Vaclav Prospal and Radek Martinek . However , after a disastrous start to the 2011 -- 12 season that saw the firing of head coach Scott Arniel , Carter was traded to the Los Angeles Kings for Jack Johnson and a conditional first round pick after playing just 39 games with the Blue Jackets . The Blue Jackets also traded veteran centers Antoine Vermette and Samuel Pahlsson for goaltender Curtis McElhinney and several draft picks at the trade deadline . There was also heavy speculation that captain Rick Nash would be traded at the deadline . Although Nash was n't traded , General Manager Scott Howson publicly announced that he had privately requested a trade , a move that has stirred up much controversy . Nash was eventually traded to the New York Rangers on July 23 , 2012 , for Brandon Dubinsky , Artem Anisimov , prospect Tim Erixon and a 2013 first - round draft pick . At the 2012 NHL Entry Draft , the Blue Jackets traded their second and fourth round picks to the Philadelphia Flyers for the eventual winner of the 2013 Vezina Trophy , goaltender Sergei Bobrovsky . The 2012 -- 13 lockout and season saw changes to the executive and front office of the organization . John Davidson was named as president of hockey operations for the Blue Jackets on October 24 . On February 12 , Scott Howson was relieved of his duties as general manager . Jarmo Kekalainen , who had previously worked with Davidson in St. Louis , was hired away from Jokerit of the Finnish SM - liiga to be the new general manager becoming the first European born general manager in the NHL . The Blue Jackets then traded for All - Star forward Marián Gáborík . The Blue Jackets just missed the playoffs via a tiebreaker against the Minnesota Wild , who had more regulation and overtime wins ( ROW ) . Return to playoff contention ( 2013 -- present ) ( edit ) The Blue Jackets moved into the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference in the 2013 -- 14 season after spending its first 13 seasons in the Central Division of the Western Conference . The other teams in the Metropolitan Division consist of the Carolina Hurricanes , New Jersey Devils , New York Islanders , New York Rangers , Philadelphia Flyers , Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals , the latter six of which once composed the old Patrick Division . On April 9 , 2014 , the Blue Jackets clinched their second playoff spot in franchise history by winning a 3 -- 1 game against the Dallas Stars . This game was also noted for being a game resumed after being postponed on March 10 , 2014 , due to Rich Peverley 's cardiac event in which the Blue Jackets led 1 -- 0 . The NHL decided to keep the goal scored by Nathan Horton and resumed the game with a full 60 minutes . Nathan Horton made history by being credited for scoring a goal while not suiting up for the game . Acquired on June 22 , 2012 , Sergei Bobrovsky is the Blue Jackets current starting goaltender . He won the Vezina Trophy with the team in 2013 and 2017 . The Blue Jackets faced the Pittsburgh Penguins in the first round ( Eastern Conference Quarter - finals ) of the 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs . This series had a trend that was noted for making 3 -- 1 leads end up as 4 -- 3 loss . Game 1 and 2 were at the Consol Energy Center in downtown Pittsburgh . The Blue Jackets made a large jump in history when Jack Johnson scored the first goal of the game . This was the first time in franchise history that Columbus ever lead a post-season game . The Jackets lead the game 3 -- 1 at one point from goals by Mark Letestu and Derek MacKenzie . However , the Penguins rallied to win it 4 -- 3 . Game 2 was the opposite . Pittsburgh led 3 -- 1 at one point , but Columbus rallied to win Game 2 4 -- 3 by an overtime goal from Matt Calvert . This was the first playoff victory in franchise history . Pittsburgh won Game 3 by a score of 4 -- 3 . Game 4 was a memorable night at Nationwide Arena . Columbus was down 3 -- 0 , and 3 -- 1 by the end of the first period . Boone Jenner and Ryan Johansen scored to make it 3 -- 2 by the end of the second period . Brandon Dubinsky scored the game tying goal with 22.5 seconds left in regulation , after a miss - play with the puck by Marc - Andre Fleury . Nick Foligno went on to score the game - winning goal in overtime . In the locker room during intermission , he supposedly told the team that he will score the game winner . Pittsburgh , however , went on to win the next two games and took the best - of - seven series in six games . The 2014 -- 15 season was most notable for the amount of injuries the Jackets incurred . The Jackets lead the league in man games lost with 502 . At one point , the injured reserve list consisted of 15 players , including stars Sergei Bobrovsky , Brandon Dubinsky , Jack Johnson , and Ryan Murray . When the team 's injured players began to return in late February , they were able to accumulate wins the way they had the previous two seasons and in the process , set a franchise record earning nine consecutive wins . However , the Blue Jackets still finished fifth in the Metropolitan Division and missed the playoffs by nine points despite a 42 - 35 - 5 record . On May 20 , 2015 , Nick Foligno was named the sixth captain in team history . The position had been vacant since Rick Nash was traded to the New York Rangers in July 2012 . On June 30 , 2015 , the Jackets traded centers Marko Dano and Artem Anisimov , along with wingers Jeremy Morin and Corey Tropp , to the Chicago Blackhawks for Brandon Saad . This move was the subject of much controversy in Chicago since Blackhawks General Manager Stan Bowman had publicly said that Saad was going to be a part of the organization for many years to come . The Jackets also acquired Michael Paliotta and Alex Broadhurst in the trade . The Jackets signed center Gregory Campbell from the Boston Bruins a few days later . John Tortorella era ( edit ) The Blue Jackets initially went into the 2015 -- 16 season with high expectations . However , the team got off to an inauspicious start by losing their first eight regular season games in regulation . This prompted the Jackets to fire head coach Todd Richards and hire John Tortorella in his place . On January 6 , 2016 , the Blue Jackets traded Ryan Johansen to the Nashville Predators in exchange for defenseman Seth Jones . The Blue Jackets record at the end of the season was 34 -- 40 -- 8 , and were ranked 27th overall in the NHL . They closed out the season on a high note , however , as they won the season finale against the defending Stanley Cup champion Blackhawks , overcoming a 3 -- 0 deficit after the 1st period to win 5 -- 4 in overtime . The Blue Jackets set three franchise records during the 2016 -- 17 season . On November 4 , 2016 , the Blue Jackets scored a franchise - record ten goals in a 10 -- 0 shutout win against the Montreal Canadiens , becoming the first team to do so since 2011 ( when the St. Louis Blues beat the Detroit Red Wings 10 -- 3 ) . In mid-November , the Blue Jackets got a franchise record seventh consecutive win at home . During a franchise - record 16 - game win streak that started in late November , Tortorella recorded his 500th career win in a 4 -- 3 Blue Jackets overtime win on the road against the Vancouver Canucks , becoming the first American - born head coach to reach 500 wins . The team had a record of 14 -- 0 -- 0 in December . The team 's win streak ended in early January when they lost 5 -- 0 to the Washington Capitals . The win streak was the second longest in NHL history behind the 1992 -- 93 Pittsburgh Penguins ' 17 consecutive games . The team finished with a record of 50 -- 24 -- 8 and 108 points , setting a franchise record . During the first round of the 2017 playoffs , the Blue Jackets were placed in a matchup against the Pittsburgh Penguins . The team lost three straight games to begin the series , but won the fourth game to save themselves from elimination . However , they would ultimately lose the series in five games . Team information ( edit ) Team name ( edit ) See also : Ohio in the American Civil War The name `` Blue Jackets '' was chosen to celebrate `` patriotism , pride , and the rich Civil War history in the state of Ohio and city of Columbus . '' When President Abraham Lincoln requested that Ohio raise ten regiments at the outbreak of the Civil War , the state responded by raising a total of 23 volunteer infantry regiments for three months of service . Ohio also produced a number of great Civil War figures , including William Tecumseh Sherman , Ulysses S. Grant , Philip Sheridan and George Custer . Columbus itself was host to large military bases , Camp Chase and Camp Thomas , which saw hundreds of thousands of Union soldiers and thousands of Confederate prisoners during the Civil War . Logos and jerseys ( edit ) The team logo is a stylized version of the flag of Ohio , which is a burgee ( i.e. swallowtail pennant ) , in the form of a `` C '' wrapped around a star , representing both patriotism and Columbus ' status as state capital . Previously used as an alternate logo starting in 2003 , it became the primary logo as part of a Reebok - sponsored redesign for the 2007 -- 08 season . The original logo had a red ribbon with 13 stars representing the 13 Colonies , unfurled in the shape of the team 's initials , CBJ , with an electric gold hockey stick cutting through the center to represent the `` J . '' An additional star atop the stick represented Columbus ' status as state capital . From 2003 to 2015 , the team 's jerseys featured an alternate logo , a Civil War cap with crossed hockey sticks , on the shoulders . The Blue Jackets unveiled a new third jersey in the 2010 -- 11 season , using a vintage hockey jersey design . In the spirit of its Civil War theme , it sports a union blue base with white stripes on the sleeves and on the shoulder padding . The crest features the team 's Civil War - era cannon . It honors the team 's founder , John H. McConnell , with his initials on the neckline , as well as its slogan `` We fight , we march ! '' on the inside of the collar . During the 2015 NHL Draft , it was revealed that the cannon crest had replaced the hat logo on the shoulders of the home and away jerseys , with a color change to match the jerseys ' color scheme . The primary logo for the franchise from 2000 to 2007 . The alternate logo for the franchise from 2000 to 2003 . Civil war cap shoulder patch , used 2003 to 2015 . `` The cannon '' ( edit ) A replica 1857 Napoleon is `` fired '' at Nationwide Arena at the Blue Jackets take the ice , when they score , and when they have won the game . Prior to the start of the 2007 -- 08 season , the Blue Jackets organization brought a hand - made replica 1857 Napoleon cannon into Nationwide Arena . The cannon is `` fired '' at home games whenever : the Blue Jackets take the ice at the start of the game the Blue Jackets score a goal the Blue Jackets win the game It was fired 164 times in its inaugural season ( 41 home games , 20 home victories , 103 goals scored at home ) . The title line of `` For Those About to Rock ( We Salute You ) '' by AC / DC is played when the cannon is fired followed by the chorus of `` The Whip '' by Locksley . Broadcast ( edit ) On Fox Sports Ohio , Jeff Rimer serves as the television play - by - play announcer alongside former Blue Jacket Jody Shelley . Rimer started calling games on television in 2005 with Shelley joining Rimer in 2014 -- 15 replacing previous analyst Bill Davidge . Davidge is now a studio analyst alongside Brian Giesenschlag . On radio stations WBNS - FM ( flagship ) , WBNS , WWCD , and 34 other affiliates in Ohio and West Virginia , Bob McElligott provides play - by - play coverage . McElligott joined the Blue Jackets radio broadcast in July 2009 as a color analyst and became the play - by - play analyst for the 2013 - 14 season , taking over for George Matthews who had been calling Blue Jackets games since the team 's inception in 2000 . Fox Sports Ohio , which airs all Blue Jackets games , airs pre-game and post-game shows ( `` Blue Jackets Live '' ) for each game . Pre-game and post-game shows are hosted by Bill Davidge and Brian Giesenschlag . In - game reporting is provided by Dave Maetzold . The hosts of the radio pre - and post-game shows are Ryan Mitchell and Bob McElligott . Fans can interact by e-mail and Twitter with the radio personalities during and after the game . Mascot ( edit ) Stinger is the official mascot of the Blue Jackets . Stinger is a 6 - foot 9 inch bright green bug that walks amongst the crowd during the games and skates on the ice between periods while wearing a Blue Jackets ' jersey . Stinger was originally yellow , but was changed to green , eventually mixing with the team 's blue . The image of Stinger was on the original Blue Jackets ' jerseys , eventually being removed in 2003 . The team also had another mascot , an anthropomorphic cannon named Boomer , for half of the 2010 -- 11 season . Season - by - season record ( edit ) This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Blue Jackets . For the full season - by - season history , see List of Columbus Blue Jackets seasons Note : GP = Games played , W = Wins , L = Losses , T = Ties , OTL = Overtime Losses , Pts = Points , GF = Goals for , GA = Goals against Season GP W L OTL PTS GF GA Finish Playoffs 2012 -- 13 48 24 17 7 55 120 119 4th , Central Did not qualify 2013 -- 14 82 43 32 7 93 231 216 4th , Metropolitan Lost in First Round , 2 -- 4 ( Penguins ) 2014 -- 15 82 42 35 5 89 236 250 5th , Metropolitan Did not qualify 2015 -- 16 82 34 40 8 76 219 252 8th , Metropolitan Did not qualify 2016 -- 17 82 50 24 8 108 249 195 3rd , Metropolitan Lost in First Round , 1 -- 4 ( Penguins ) Players ( edit ) See also : List of Columbus Blue Jackets players Current roster ( edit ) view talk edit Updated July 1 , 2017 . # Nat Player Pos S / G Age Acquired Birthplace 7001180000000000000 ♠ 18 Russia ! Abramov , Vitaly Vitaly Abramov 7.0 ! RW L 19 2016 Chelyabinsk , Russia 7001340000000000000 ♠ 34 Canada ! Anderson , Josh Josh Anderson ( RFA ) 7.0 ! RW R 23 2015 Burlington , Ontario 7001130000000000000 ♠ 13 United States ! Atkinson , Cam Cam Atkinson 7.0 ! RW R 28 2008 Riverside , Connecticut 7001280000000000000 ♠ 28 Denmark ! Bjorkstrand , Oliver Oliver Bjorkstrand 7.0 ! RW R 22 2013 Herning , Denmark 7001720000000000000 ♠ 72 Russia ! Bobrovsky , Sergei Sergei Bobrovsky 1.0 ! G L 28 2012 Novokuznetsk , Soviet Union 7001110000000000000 ♠ 11 Canada ! Calvert , Matt Matt Calvert 6.0 ! LW L 27 2008 Brandon , Manitoba 7001530000000000000 ♠ 53 Sweden ! Carlsson , Gabriel Gabriel Carlsson 2.0 ! D L 20 2015 Örebro , Sweden 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 Canada ! Dalpe , Zac Zac Dalpe 7.0 ! RW R 27 2017 Paris , Ontario 7001170000000000000 ♠ 17 United States ! Dubinsky , Brandon Brandon Dubinsky ( A ) 4.2 ! C / LW L 31 2012 Anchorage , Alaska 7001710000000000000 ♠ 71 United States ! Foligno , Nick Nick Foligno ( C ) 6.0 ! LW L 29 2012 Buffalo , New York -- Canada ! Gaunce , Cameron Cameron Gaunce 2.0 ! D L 27 2017 Sudbury , Ontario 7001330000000000000 ♠ 33 Finland ! Hannikainen , Markus Markus Hannikainen 6.0 ! LW L 24 2015 Helsinki , Finland 7001540000000000000 ♠ 54 Canada ! Harrington , Scott Scott Harrington 2.0 ! D L 24 2016 Kingston , Ontario 7001380000000000000 ♠ 38 Canada ! Jenner , Boone Boone Jenner ( A ) 4.0 ! C L 24 2011 London , Ontario 7000700000000000000 ♠ 7 United States ! Johnson , Jack Jack Johnson 2.0 ! D L 30 2012 Indianapolis , Indiana 7000300000000000000 ♠ 3 United States ! Jones , Seth Seth Jones 2.0 ! D R 22 2016 Arlington , Texas 7001700000000000000 ♠ 70 Finland ! Korpisalo , Joonas Joonas Korpisalo 1.0 ! G L 23 2015 Pori , Finland 7001220000000000000 ♠ 22 United States ! Milano , Sonny Sonny Milano 6.0 ! LW L 21 2014 Massapequa , New York -- United States ! Motte , Tyler Tyler Motte 4.2 ! C / LW L 22 2017 Port Huron , Michigan 7001270000000000000 ♠ 27 Canada ! Murray , Ryan Ryan Murray 2.0 ! D L 23 2012 White City , Saskatchewan 7000900000000000000 ♠ 9 Russia ! Panarin , Artemi Artemi Panarin 6.0 ! LW R 25 2017 Korkino , Soviet Union 7001650000000000000 ♠ 65 Finland ! Nutivaara , Markus Markus Nutivaara 2.0 ! D L 23 2015 Oulu , Finland 7001580000000000000 ♠ 58 Canada ! Savard , David David Savard 2.0 ! D R 26 2009 Saint - Hyacinthe , Quebec -- United States ! Schroeder , Jordan Jordan Schroeder 4.0 ! C R 26 2017 Prior Lake , Minnesota 7001450000000000000 ♠ 45 Czech Republic ! Sedlak , Lukas Lukas Sedlak 4.0 ! C L 24 2011 České Budějovice , Czech Republic 7001100000000000000 ♠ 10 Sweden ! Wennberg , Alexander Alexander Wennberg ( RFA ) 4.0 ! C L 22 2013 Stockholm , Sweden 7000800000000000000 ♠ 8 United States ! Werenski , Zach Zach Werenski 2.0 ! D L 20 2015 Grosse Pointe , Michigan Team Member accomplishments ( edit ) Team captains ( edit ) Lyle Odelein , 2000 -- 02 Ray Whitney , 2002 -- 03 Luke Richardson , 2003 -- 05 Adam Foote , 2005 -- 08 Rick Nash , 2008 -- 12 Nick Foligno , 2015 -- present First round draft picks ( edit ) Year Pick Player Position Country Previous team ( League ) Notes 2000 04 ! 4 Klesla , Rostislav Rostislav Klesla Defense Czech Republic Brampton Battalion ( OHL ) 2001 08 ! 8 Leclaire , Pascal Pascal Leclaire Goaltender Canada Halifax Mooseheads ( QMJHL ) 2002 01 ! 1 * Nash , Rick Rick Nash Left Wing Canada London Knights ( OHL ) 2003 04 ! 4 Zherdev , Nikolay Nikolay Zherdev Right Wing Russia CSKA Moscow ( RSL ) 2004 08 ! 8 Picard , Alexandre Alexandre Picard Left Wing Canada Lewiston Maineiacs ( QMJHL ) 2005 06 ! 6 Brule , Gilbert Gilbert Brule Center Canada Vancouver Giants ( WHL ) 2006 06 ! 6 Brassard , Derick Derick Brassard Center Canada Drummondville Voltigeurs ( QMJHL ) 2007 07 ! 7 Voracek , Jakub Jakub Voracek Right Wing Czech Republic Halifax Mooseheads ( QMJHL ) 2008 06 ! 6 Filatov , Nikita Nikita Filatov Left Wing Russia CSKA Moscow ( RSL ) 2009 21 Moore , John John Moore Defense United States Chicago Steel ( USHL ) 2010 04 ! 4 Johansen , Ryan Ryan Johansen Center Canada Portland Winterhawks ( WHL ) 2011 No pick 2012 02 ! 2 Murray , Ryan Ryan Murray Defense Canada Everett Silvertips ( WHL ) 2013 14 Wennberg , Alexander Alexander Wennberg Center Sweden Frölunda HC ( SEL ) 2013 19 Rychel , Kerby Kerby Rychel Left Wing Canada Windsor Spitfires ( OHL ) 2013 27 Dano , Marko Marko Dano Right Wing Slovakia HC Slovan Bratislava ( KHL ) 2014 16 Milano , Sonny Sonny Milano Left Wing United States USANTDP U-18 ( USHL ) 2015 08 ! 8 Werenski , Zach Zach Werenski Defense United States University of Michigan ( NCAA ) 2015 29 Carlsson , Gabriel Gabriel Carlsson Defense Sweden Linköpings HC ( SEL ) 2016 3 Dubois , Pierre - Luc Pierre - Luc Dubois Center Canada Cape Breton Screaming Eagles ( QMJHL ) † Selected to the Hockey Hall of Fame * Selected number one overall ≠ 0 NHL games played Notes ( edit ) The Blue Jackets acquired the first overall pick from the Florida Panthers for the third overall pick ( Jay Bouwmeester ) and the option to swap 2003 first round draft picks ( not exercised ) on June 22 , 2002 . The Blue Jackets acquired the eighth overall pick along with the 59th pick ( Kyle Wharton ) from the Carolina Hurricanes for the fourth overall pick ( Andrew Ladd ) on June 26 , 2004 . The eighth overall pick ( Sean Couturier ) along with the 68th pick ( Nick Cousins ) was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for Jeff Carter on June 23 , 2011 . The Blue Jackets acquired the 29th overall pick from the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 34th and 68th picks on June 26 , 2015 . Honored members ( edit ) John H. McConnell Hall of Famers ( edit ) Sergei Fedorov , C , 2005 -- 2008 ( 2015 ) Franchise scoring leaders ( edit ) These are the top - ten - point - scorers in franchise history . Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season . * -- current Blue Jackets player Points Player Seasons Pos GP G A Pts + / − PIM Rick Nash 2002 -- 2012 LW 674 289 258 547 − 71 568 David Vyborny 2000 -- 2008 RW 543 113 204 317 − 48 228 R.J. Umberger 2008 -- 2014 LW 445 120 130 250 − 33 200 Cam Atkinson * 2011 -- present RW 382 121 106 227 + 9 102 Nick Foligno * 2012 -- present LW 345 93 126 219 + 9 282 Brandon Dubinsky * 2012 -- present C 307 60 135 195 + 18 379 Ryan Johansen 2011 -- 2016 C 309 79 114 193 − 16 144 Fedor Tyutin 2008 -- 2016 D 492 38 144 182 − 16 323 Nikolay Zherdev 2003 -- 2008 RW 283 76 105 181 − 52 164 Derick Brassard 2007 -- 2013 C 309 58 111 169 − 42 184 NHL awards and trophies ( edit ) Main article : List of Columbus Blue Jackets award winners Maurice `` Rocket '' Richard Trophy Rick Nash : 2003 -- 04 ( shared with Ilya Kovalchuk of the Atlanta Thrashers and Jarome Iginla of the Calgary Flames ) Vezina Trophy Sergei Bobrovsky : 2012 -- 13 , 2016 -- 17 Jack Adams Award John Tortorella : 2016 -- 17 Calder Memorial Trophy Steve Mason : 2008 -- 09 King Clancy Memorial Trophy Nick Foligno : 2016 -- 17 Mark Messier Leadership Award Nick Foligno : 2016 -- 17 NHL Foundation Player Award Rick Nash : 2008 -- 09 NHL First All - Star Team Sergei Bobrovsky : 2012 -- 13 , 2016 -- 17 NHL Second All - Star Team Steve Mason : 2008 -- 09 NHL All - Rookie Team Rostislav Klesla : 2001 -- 02 Rick Nash : 2002 -- 03 Steve Mason : 2008 -- 09 Zach Werenski : 2016 -- 17 Single - season records ( edit ) Points : Rick Nash ( 2008 -- 09 ) -- 79 Goals : Rick Nash ( 2003 -- 04 ) -- 41 Assists : Ray Whitney ( 2002 -- 03 ) -- 52 Game - winning goals : Cam Atkinson ( 2016 -- 17 ) -- 9 Penalty minutes : Jody Shelley ( 2002 -- 03 ) -- 249 Plus / Minus : David Savard ( 2016 -- 17 ) -- + 33 Points by a defenseman : James Wisniewski ( 2013 -- 14 ) -- 51 Points by a rookie : Zach Werenski ( 2016 -- 17 ) -- 49 Wins : Sergei Bobrovsky ( 2016 -- 17 ) -- 41 Shutouts in a season : Steve Mason ( 2008 -- 09 ) -- 10 Goals against average : Sergei Bobrovsky ( 2012 -- 13 ) -- 2.00 Save percentage : Sergei Bobrovsky ( 2012 -- 13 ) -- . 932 Saves : Marc Denis ( 2002 -- 03 ) -- 2,172 Longest shutout streak ( time without allowing a goal ) : Steve Mason ( 2008 -- 09 ) -- 199 : 19 Team winning streak -- 16 games ( November 29 , 2016 -- January 3 , 2017 ) See also : `` Columbus Blue Jackets ' Record Book '' ( PDF ) . ( 533 KB ) See also ( edit ) Columbus Chill Columbus Owls References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Team Quick Facts '' ( PDF ) . 2015 - 16 Columbus Blue Jackets Media Guide . Columbus Blue Jackets . October 8 , 2015 . Retrieved January 2 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets Logo Style Guide '' ( PDF ) . Columbus Blue Jackets . July 17 , 2015 . Retrieved September 17 , 2015 . Jump up ^ `` John P. McConnell , Majority Owner / Governor '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . September 17 , 2015 . Retrieved September 17 , 2015 . ^ Jump up to : `` Blue Jackets History '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` First is best : Jackets finally heading to playoffs '' . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets , Cleveland 's Lake Erie Monsters announce multi-year AHL affiliation agreement '' . Columbus Blue Jackets Official Website . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 17 April 2015 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Hockey History '' . Jump up ^ Minium , Harry ( 1997 - 01 - 14 ) . `` With Arena Deal in Hand , Underdog Shinn May Have An Advantage '' . The Virginian - Pilot . Archived from the original on 2008 - 12 - 05 . Retrieved 2008 - 05 - 20 . Jump up ^ Miller , Rusty ( 2008 - 05 - 07 ) . `` Public memorial honors Blue Jackets owner McConnell '' . Associated Press . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . ^ Jump up to : `` Naming a Team : The Story Behind the Blue Jackets Name '' . Jump up ^ `` The ins and outs of the Expansion Draft '' . ESPN . 2000 - 06 - 13 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets fill roster in expansion draft '' . ESPN . 2000 - 06 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets , Wild stock rosters , deal '' . Associated Press . 2000 - 06 - 24 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Roloson 's friends in Ontario are following his playoff exploits closely '' . Canadian Press . 2006 - 06 - 03 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ Shactman , Brian A. ( 2000 - 08 - 18 ) . `` A Closer Look : Los Angeles Kings '' . ESPN . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Blues place Drake on waivers '' . Associated Press . 2007 - 06 - 26 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ Lapointe , Joe ( 2000 - 06 - 24 ) . `` In Expansion Draft , Devils Emerge With a Gain of One '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets sign Caloun , Nummelin '' . CBC Sports . 2000 - 11 - 10 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ Chi , Victor ( 2000 - 06 - 12 ) . `` Sharks protect goaltender from expansion teams '' . San Jose Mercury News . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` 2000 Entry Draft '' . NHL . Archived from the original on 2008 - 05 - 13 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 01 . Jump up ^ Shea , Kevin ( 2003 - 08 - 18 ) . `` Stanley Cup Journal : 31 '' . HHOF . Archived from the original on 2010 - 12 - 03 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . ^ Jump up to : `` Blue Jackets fire MacLean as president , GM '' . CBC Sports . 2007 - 04 - 19 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ Beech , Mark ( 2001 - 10 - 08 ) . `` SI 's 2001 -- 02 NHL Team Previews : Blue Jackets '' . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` 2001 -- 02 National Hockey League ( NHL ) standings '' . Archived from the original on 2008 - 05 - 31 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 19 . Jump up ^ `` New Faces Give Fresh Hope to Blue Jackets in Third Season '' . Associated Press . 2002 - 09 - 13 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ Foltman , Bob ( 2002 - 06 - 20 ) . `` NHL Teams to Install Netting Around Each Goal to Prevent Fan Injuries '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` Family , Blue Jackets honor Brittanie Cecil at Funeral '' . Associated Press . 2002 - 03 - 24 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ Carlton , Chuck ( 2002 - 06 - 18 ) . `` Stars Get Veteran Tugnutt in Trade '' . The Dallas Morning News . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ Heinen , Laurence ( 2002 - 06 - 22 ) . `` Consensus top pick drops to third '' . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets 2003 -- 04 Schedule '' . ESPN . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . Jump up ^ `` 2002 -- 03 Standings '' . NHL . Archived from the original on 2016 - 03 - 05 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets Hire King as Coach , Dave King Becomes Team 's First Coach '' . Associated Press . 2000 - 07 - 05 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 02 . Jump up ^ Burnside , Scott ( 2004 - 01 - 04 ) . `` Mediocre would be improvement '' . ESPN . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 02 . ^ Jump up to : Picarello , Rob ( 2003 - 09 - 08 ) . `` New - look Jackets aim for postseason '' . NHL . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 18 . Jump up ^ Gannam , Tom ( 2003 - 06 - 12 ) . `` Fuhr , LaFontaine picked for Hockey Hall of Fame '' . USA Today . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 16 . Jump up ^ `` Mighty Ducks Acquire Center Marchant from Columbus '' . ESPN . 2005 - 11 - 21 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` MacLean Resigns as Blue Jackets Coach , Remains GM '' . Associated Press . 2004 - 01 - 01 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 03 . ^ Jump up to : `` Richard Trophy winners '' . Associated Press . 2004 - 04 - 04 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 18 . Jump up ^ Brink , Graham ( 2004 - 06 - 05 ) . `` Injuries sideline players only rarely '' . St. Petersburg Times . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Foote 's three - year deal reportedly worth $13.8 million '' . Associated Press . 2005 - 08 - 03 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ Coffey , Phil ( 2005 - 10 - 14 ) . `` Injury bug bites Jackets hard '' . NHL . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets 2005 -- 06 Schedule '' . ESPN . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Ducks claim Marchant off waivers '' . TSN. 2005 - 11 - 21 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` 2005 -- 06 Regular Season Standings '' . NHL. 2006 - 04 - 19 . Retrieved 2016 - 11 - 11 . Jump up ^ Jones , Tom ( 2006 - 06 - 30 ) . `` Lighnting gets No 1 goalie '' . St. Petersburg Times . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ Allen , Kevin ( 2006 - 09 - 13 ) . `` Blue Jackets , with eye on Zherdev , sign veteran Carter ; Flyers GM Clarke angry '' . USA Today . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Zherdev finally signs with Blue Jackets '' . Associated Press . 2006 - 09 - 29 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Former Flyers Coach Hitchock Is Hired to Guide Blue Jackets '' . Associated Press . 2006 - 11 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets beat Senators 6 -- 2 '' . Associated Press . 2006 - 12 - 11 . Archived from the original on October 23 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Elias Says ... '' . ESPN . 2007 - 04 - 03 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Mike Priest , Managing Board Member '' . Columbus Destroyers . Archived from the original on 2008 - 10 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets Name Scott Howson General Manager '' ( Press release ) . Columbus Blue Jackets. 2007 - 06 - 15 . Archived from the original on 2007 - 07 - 02 . Retrieved 2007 - 06 - 15 . Jump up ^ Juniewicz , Debbie ( 2007 - 10 - 06 ) . `` Bombers lose Blue Jackets affiliation '' . Dayton Daily News . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ Arace , Michael ( 2008 - 03 - 01 ) . `` Something stinks with Foote 's story on staying put '' . The Columbus Dispatch . Archived from the original on 2011 - 05 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 08 . ^ Jump up to : `` Rick Nash Named Columbus Blue Jackets Team Captain '' ( Press release ) . Columbus Blue Jackets. 2008 - 03 - 21 . Archived from the original on 2008 - 03 - 13 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` 2007 -- 08 Regular Season Standings '' . NHL . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Risebrough , Lemaire hear call of Wild '' . Canwest News Service . 2008 - 05 - 16 . Archived from the original on 2008 - 12 - 05 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Hitchcock signs three - year extension as Blue Jackets ' coach '' . Associated Press . 2008 - 07 - 09 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets clinch first playoff spot '' . Associated Press . 2009 - 03 - 09 . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Scott Howson Tosses Rick Nash Under the C - Bus . '' . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 23 . Jump up ^ `` By Calling Out Rick Nash , Scott Howson May Have Written Own Ticket Out of Columbus '' . Retrieved 2012 - 03 - 23 . Jump up ^ `` Nash traded to Rangers in five - player deal '' . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets : Davidson hired to win '' . The Columbus Dispatch . Archived from the original on 2014 - 04 - 13 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets Fire Executive VP & GM Howson '' . 10tv.com. 2013 - 02 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets fire GM Scott Howson '' . ESPN.com. 2013 - 02 - 12 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets GM fired ; new one at hand ? '' . Jump up ^ `` Realignment plan approved by Board of Governors '' . Jump up ^ `` Official Columbus Blue Jackets Website '' . Jump up ^ `` Nathan Horton Could Make NHL History By Not Playing Against Stars '' . 8 April 2014 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets rout Canadiens in record - setting win '' . SI.com . November 4 , 2016 . Retrieved November 9 , 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets notebook : 7 - game home winning streak a franchise record '' . November 19 , 2016 . Retrieved December 14 , 2016 . Jump up ^ Mixer , Rob ( December 19 , 2016 ) . `` Tortorella 's 500th win special for entire team '' . NHL.com . Retrieved January 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Rogers , David ( December 31 , 2016 ) . `` The Blue Jackets did n't lose in December , have the second - longest single - season win streak - Puck Drunk Love '' . Puck Drunk Love . Retrieved January 4 , 2017 . Jump up ^ Khurshudyan , Isabelle ( January 5 , 2017 ) . `` Streak busters : Caps end Blue Jackets ' run with 5 - 0 rout '' . Washington Post . Retrieved January 6 , 2017 . Jump up ^ `` Blue Jackets History Timeline '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Archived from the original on 2007 - 07 - 10 . Retrieved 2007 - 07 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Jackets unveil new uniforms '' . Jump up ^ `` Making sense of the NHL 's new uniforms '' . Canadian Press . 2007 - 09 - 25 . Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 22 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets , Fox Sports Ohio Announce Changes to Television Broadcast Team '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 2014 - 05 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Fan Zone '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 2015 - 06 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets Television -- Columbus Blue Jackets -- Multimedia '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Radio Web Page -- Columbus Blue Jackets -- Multimedia '' . Columbus Blue Jackets . Retrieved 2009 - 11 - 07 . Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on 2007 - 08 - 25 . Retrieved 2009 - 05 - 17 . Jump up ^ `` Columbus Blue Jackets ' Second Team Mascot , '' . 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Jump up ^ `` Rick Nash '' . Jump up ^ `` Rick Nash Official Player Page '' . NHL . Archived from the original on 2008 - 06 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Ray Whitney Official Player Page '' . NHL . Archived from the original on 2009 - 05 - 19 . Retrieved 2008 - 06 - 20 . Jump up ^ `` Cam Atkinson '' . 2017 - 04 - 10 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Jody Shelley '' . NHL . Archived from the original on 2006 - 04 - 25 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 24 . Jump up ^ `` David Savard '' . 2017 - 04 - 10 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Zach Werenski '' . 2017 - 04 - 10 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Sergei Bobrovsky '' . 2017 - 04 - 10 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 10 . Jump up ^ `` Steve Mason '' . 2009 - 03 - 26 . Retrieved 2009 - 03 - 26 . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Columbus Blue Jackets . 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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | where did the columbus blue jackets get their name | ["The Blue Jackets' name and logos are inspired by Ohio's Civil War history. The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus, which opened in 2000. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters[6] of the AHL."] | ["Ohio's Civil War history."] | The Blue Jackets' name and logos are inspired by Ohio's Civil War history. The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus, which opened in 2000. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters[6] of the AHL. |
[question]: What is the name of the arena where the Blue Jackets play their home games?
[answer]: The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus. | What is the name of the arena where the Blue Jackets play their home games? | The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus. | 1 | 7.277158 | 13 | 40 | 1 |
10,796 | 410,484,917,355,062,140 | Central processing unit | Central processing unit - wikipedia Central processing unit `` CPU '' redirects here . For other uses , see CPU ( disambiguation ) . `` Computer processor '' redirects here . For other uses , see Processor . An Intel 80486DX2 CPU , as seen from above Bottom side of an Intel 80486DX2 , showing its pins A central processing unit ( CPU ) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic , logical , control and input / output ( I / O ) operations specified by the instructions . The computer industry has used the term `` central processing unit '' at least since the early 1960s . Traditionally , the term `` CPU '' refers to a processor , more specifically to its processing unit and control unit ( CU ) , distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main memory and I / O circuitry . The form , design , and implementation of CPUs have changed over the course of their history , but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged . Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) that performs arithmetic and logic operations , processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching ( from memory ) and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU , registers and other components . Most modern CPUs are microprocessors , meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit ( IC ) chip . An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory , peripheral interfaces , and other components of a computer ; such integrated devices are variously called microcontrollers or systems on a chip ( SoC ) . Some computers employ a multi-core processor , which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called `` cores '' ; in that context , one can speak of such single chips as `` sockets '' . Array processors or vector processors have multiple processors that operate in parallel , with no unit considered central . There also exists the concept of virtual CPUs which are an abstraction of dynamical aggregated computational resources . Contents 1 History 1.1 Transistor CPUs 1.2 Small - scale integration CPUs 1.3 Large - scale integration CPUs 1.4 Microprocessors 2 Operation 2.1 Fetch 2.2 Decode 2.3 Execute 3 Structure and implementation 3.1 Control unit 3.2 Arithmetic logic unit 3.3 Memory management unit ( MMU ) 3.4 Clock rate 3.5 Integer range 3.6 Parallelism 3.6. 1 Instruction - level parallelism 3.6. 2 Task - level parallelism 3.6. 3 Data parallelism 3.7 Virtual CPUs 4 Performance 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links History ( edit ) Main article : History of general - purpose CPUs EDVAC , one of the first stored - program computers Early computers such as the ENIAC had to be physically rewired to perform different tasks , which caused these machines to be called `` fixed - program computers '' . Since the term `` CPU '' is generally defined as a device for software ( computer program ) execution , the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored - program computer . The idea of a stored - program computer had been already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly 's ENIAC , but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner . On June 30 , 1945 , before ENIAC was made , mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC . It was the outline of a stored - program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949 . EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions ( or operations ) of various types . Significantly , the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high - speed computer memory rather than specified by the physical wiring of the computer . This overcame a severe limitation of ENIAC , which was the considerable time and effort required to reconfigure the computer to perform a new task . With von Neumann 's design , the program that EDVAC ran could be changed simply by changing the contents of the memory . EDVAC , however , was not the first stored - program computer ; the Manchester Baby , a small - scale experimental stored - program computer , ran its first program on 21 June 1948 and the Manchester Mark 1 ran its first program during the night of 16 -- 17 June 1949 . Early CPUs were custom designs used as part of a larger and sometimes distinctive computer . However , this method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of multi-purpose processors produced in large quantities . This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit ( IC ) . The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers . Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines . Modern microprocessors appear in electronic devices ranging from automobiles to cellphones , and sometimes even in toys . While von Neumann is most often credited with the design of the stored - program computer because of his design of EDVAC , and the design became known as the von Neumann architecture , others before him , such as Konrad Zuse , had suggested and implemented similar ideas . The so - called Harvard architecture of the Harvard Mark I , which was completed before EDVAC , also used a stored - program design using punched paper tape rather than electronic memory . The key difference between the von Neumann and Harvard architectures is that the latter separates the storage and treatment of CPU instructions and data , while the former uses the same memory space for both . Most modern CPUs are primarily von Neumann in design , but CPUs with the Harvard architecture are seen as well , especially in embedded applications ; for instance , the Atmel AVR microcontrollers are Harvard architecture processors . Relays and vacuum tubes ( thermionic tubes ) were commonly used as switching elements ; a useful computer requires thousands or tens of thousands of switching devices . The overall speed of a system is dependent on the speed of the switches . Tube computers like EDVAC tended to average eight hours between failures , whereas relay computers like the ( slower , but earlier ) Harvard Mark I failed very rarely . In the end , tube - based CPUs became dominant because the significant speed advantages afforded generally outweighed the reliability problems . Most of these early synchronous CPUs ran at low clock rates compared to modern microelectronic designs . Clock signal frequencies ranging from 100 kHz to 4 MHz were very common at this time , limited largely by the speed of the switching devices they were built with . Transistor CPUs ( edit ) IBM PowerPC 604e processor Main article : Transistor computer The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices . The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor . Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky , unreliable and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and relays . With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete ( individual ) components . In 1964 , IBM introduced its IBM System / 360 computer architecture that was used in a series of computers capable of running the same programs with different speed and performance . This was significant at a time when most electronic computers were incompatible with one another , even those made by the same manufacturer . To facilitate this improvement , IBM used the concept of a microprogram ( often called `` microcode '' ) , which still sees widespread usage in modern CPUs . The System / 360 architecture was so popular that it dominated the mainframe computer market for decades and left a legacy that is still continued by similar modern computers like the IBM zSeries . In 1965 , Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ) introduced another influential computer aimed at the scientific and research markets , the PDP - 8 . Fujitsu board with SPARC64 VIIIfx processors Transistor - based computers had several distinct advantages over their predecessors . Aside from facilitating increased reliability and lower power consumption , transistors also allowed CPUs to operate at much higher speeds because of the short switching time of a transistor in comparison to a tube or relay . The increased reliability and dramatically increased speed of the switching elements ( which were almost exclusively transistors by this time ) , CPU clock rates in the tens of megahertz were easily obtained during this period . Additionally while discrete transistor and IC CPUs were in heavy usage , new high - performance designs like SIMD ( Single Instruction Multiple Data ) vector processors began to appear . These early experimental designs later gave rise to the era of specialized supercomputers like those made by Cray Inc and Fujitsu Ltd . Small - scale integration CPUs ( edit ) CPU , core memory and external bus interface of a DEC PDP - 8 / I , made of medium - scale integrated circuits During this period , a method of manufacturing many interconnected transistors in a compact space was developed . The integrated circuit ( IC ) allowed a large number of transistors to be manufactured on a single semiconductor - based die , or `` chip '' . At first , only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs . CPUs based on these `` building block '' ICs are generally referred to as `` small - scale integration '' ( SSI ) devices . SSI ICs , such as the ones used in the Apollo Guidance Computer , usually contained up to a few dozen transistors . To build an entire CPU out of SSI ICs required thousands of individual chips , but still consumed much less space and power than earlier discrete transistor designs . IBM 's System / 370 , follow - on to the System / 360 , used SSI ICs rather than Solid Logic Technology discrete - transistor modules . DEC 's PDP - 8 / I and KI10 PDP - 10 also switched from the individual transistors used by the PDP - 8 and PDP - 10 to SSI ICs , and their extremely popular PDP - 11 line was originally built with SSI ICs but was eventually implemented with LSI components once these became practical . Large - scale integration CPUs ( edit ) Lee Boysel published influential articles , including a 1967 `` manifesto '' , which described how to build the equivalent of a 32 - bit mainframe computer from a relatively small number of large - scale integration circuits ( LSI ) . At the time , the only way to build LSI chips , which are chips with a hundred or more gates , was to build them using a MOS process ( i.e. , PMOS logic , NMOS logic , or CMOS logic ) . However , some companies continued to build processors out of bipolar chips because bipolar junction transistors were so much faster than MOS chips ; for example , Datapoint built processors out of transistor -- transistor logic ( TTL ) chips until the early 1980s . At the time , MOS ICs were so slow that they were considered useful only in a few niche applications that required low power . As the microelectronic technology advanced , an increasing number of transistors were placed on ICs , decreasing the number of individual ICs needed for a complete CPU . MSI and LSI ICs increased transistor counts to hundreds , and then thousands . By 1968 , the number of ICs required to build a complete CPU had been reduced to 24 ICs of eight different types , with each IC containing roughly 1000 MOSFETs . In stark contrast with its SSI and MSI predecessors , the first LSI implementation of the PDP - 11 contained a CPU composed of only four LSI integrated circuits . Microprocessors ( edit ) Main article : Microprocessor Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor ( actual size : 12 × 6.75 mm ) in its packaging Intel Core i5 CPU on a Vaio E series laptop motherboard ( on the right , beneath the heat pipe ) Since the introduction of the first commercially available microprocessor , the Intel 4004 in 1970 , and the first widely used microprocessor , the Intel 8080 in 1974 , this class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other central processing unit implementation methods . Mainframe and minicomputer manufacturers of the time launched proprietary IC development programs to upgrade their older computer architectures , and eventually produced instruction set compatible microprocessors that were backward - compatible with their older hardware and software . Combined with the advent and eventual success of the ubiquitous personal computer , the term CPU is now applied almost exclusively to microprocessors . Several CPUs ( denoted cores ) can be combined in a single processing chip . Previous generations of CPUs were implemented as discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits ( ICs ) on one or more circuit boards . Microprocessors , on the other hand , are CPUs manufactured on a very small number of ICs ; usually just one . The overall smaller CPU size , as a result of being implemented on a single die , means faster switching time because of physical factors like decreased gate parasitic capacitance . This has allowed synchronous microprocessors to have clock rates ranging from tens of megahertz to several gigahertz . Additionally , the ability to construct exceedingly small transistors on an IC has increased the complexity and number of transistors in a single CPU many fold . This widely observed trend is described by Moore 's law , which had proven to be a fairly accurate predictor of the growth of CPU ( and other IC ) complexity until 2016 . While the complexity , size , construction and general form of CPUs have changed enormously since 1950 , the basic design and function has not changed much at all . Almost all common CPUs today can be very accurately described as von Neumann stored - program machines . As Moore 's law no longer holds , concerns have arisen about the limits of integrated circuit transistor technology . Extreme miniaturization of electronic gates is causing the effects of phenomena like electromigration and subthreshold leakage to become much more significant . These newer concerns are among the many factors causing researchers to investigate new methods of computing such as the quantum computer , as well as to expand the usage of parallelism and other methods that extend the usefulness of the classical von Neumann model . Operation ( edit ) The fundamental operation of most CPUs , regardless of the physical form they take , is to execute a sequence of stored instructions that is called a program . The instructions to be executed are kept in some kind of computer memory . Nearly all CPUs follow the fetch , decode and execute steps in their operation , which are collectively known as the instruction cycle . After the execution of an instruction , the entire process repeats , with the next instruction cycle normally fetching the next - in - sequence instruction because of the incremented value in the program counter . If a jump instruction was executed , the program counter will be modified to contain the address of the instruction that was jumped to and program execution continues normally . In more complex CPUs , multiple instructions can be fetched , decoded and executed simultaneously . This section describes what is generally referred to as the `` classic RISC pipeline '' , which is quite common among the simple CPUs used in many electronic devices ( often called microcontroller ) . It largely ignores the important role of CPU cache , and therefore the access stage of the pipeline . Some instructions manipulate the program counter rather than producing result data directly ; such instructions are generally called `` jumps '' and facilitate program behavior like loops , conditional program execution ( through the use of a conditional jump ) , and existence of functions . In some processors , some other instructions change the state of bits in a `` flags '' register . These flags can be used to influence how a program behaves , since they often indicate the outcome of various operations . For example , in such processors a `` compare '' instruction evaluates two values and sets or clears bits in the flags register to indicate which one is greater or whether they are equal ; one of these flags could then be used by a later jump instruction to determine program flow . Fetch ( edit ) The first step , fetch , involves retrieving an instruction ( which is represented by a number or sequence of numbers ) from program memory . The instruction 's location ( address ) in program memory is determined by a program counter ( PC ) , which stores a number that identifies the address of the next instruction to be fetched . After an instruction is fetched , the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction so that it will contain the address of the next instruction in the sequence . Often , the instruction to be fetched must be retrieved from relatively slow memory , causing the CPU to stall while waiting for the instruction to be returned . This issue is largely addressed in modern processors by caches and pipeline architectures ( see below ) . Decode ( edit ) The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory determines what the CPU will do . In the decode step , performed by the circuitry known as the instruction decoder , the instruction is converted into signals that control other parts of the CPU . The way in which the instruction is interpreted is defined by the CPU 's instruction set architecture ( ISA ) . Often , one group of bits ( that is , a `` field '' ) within the instruction , called the opcode , indicates which operation is to be performed , while the remaining fields usually provide supplemental information required for the operation , such as the operands . Those operands may be specified as a constant value ( called an immediate value ) , or as the location of a value that may be a processor register or a memory address , as determined by some addressing mode . In some CPU designs the instruction decoder is implemented as a hardwired , unchangeable circuit . In others , a microprogram is used to translate instructions into sets of CPU configuration signals that are applied sequentially over multiple clock pulses . In some cases the memory that stores the microprogram is rewritable , making it possible to change the way in which the CPU decodes instructions . Execute ( edit ) After the fetch and decode steps , the execute step is performed . Depending on the CPU architecture , this may consist of a single action or a sequence of actions . During each action , various parts of the CPU are electrically connected so they can perform all or part of the desired operation and then the action is completed , typically in response to a clock pulse . Very often the results are written to an internal CPU register for quick access by subsequent instructions . In other cases results may be written to slower , but less expensive and higher capacity main memory . For example , if an addition instruction is to be executed , the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) inputs are connected to a pair of operand sources ( numbers to be summed ) , the ALU is configured to perform an addition operation so that the sum of its operand inputs will appear at its output , and the ALU output is connected to storage ( e.g. , a register or memory ) that will receive the sum . When the clock pulse occurs , the sum will be transferred to storage and , if the resulting sum is too large ( i.e. , it is larger than the ALU 's output word size ) , an arithmetic overflow flag will be set . Structure and implementation ( edit ) See also : Processor design Block diagram of a basic uniprocessor - CPU computer . Black lines indicate data flow , whereas red lines indicate control flow ; arrows indicate flow directions . Hardwired into a CPU 's circuitry is a set of basic operations it can perform , called an instruction set . Such operations may involve , for example , adding or subtracting two numbers , comparing two numbers , or jumping to a different part of a program . Each basic operation is represented by a particular combination of bits , known as the machine language opcode ; while executing instructions in a machine language program , the CPU decides which operation to perform by `` decoding '' the opcode . A complete machine language instruction consists of an opcode and , in many cases , additional bits that specify arguments for the operation ( for example , the numbers to be summed in the case of an addition operation ) . Going up the complexity scale , a machine language program is a collection of machine language instructions that the CPU executes . The actual mathematical operation for each instruction is performed by a combinational logic circuit within the CPU 's processor known as the arithmetic logic unit or ALU . In general , a CPU executes an instruction by fetching it from memory , using its ALU to perform an operation , and then storing the result to memory . Beside the instructions for integer mathematics and logic operations , various other machine instructions exist , such as those for loading data from memory and storing it back , branching operations , and mathematical operations on floating - point numbers performed by the CPU 's floating - point unit ( FPU ) . Control unit ( edit ) Main article : Control unit The control unit of the CPU contains circuitry that uses electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out stored program instructions . The control unit does not execute program instructions ; rather , it directs other parts of the system to do so . The control unit communicates with both the ALU and memory . Arithmetic logic unit ( edit ) Main article : Arithmetic logic unit Symbolic representation of an ALU and its input and output signals The arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) is a digital circuit within the processor that performs integer arithmetic and bitwise logic operations . The inputs to the ALU are the data words to be operated on ( called operands ) , status information from previous operations , and a code from the control unit indicating which operation to perform . Depending on the instruction being executed , the operands may come from internal CPU registers or external memory , or they may be constants generated by the ALU itself . When all input signals have settled and propagated through the ALU circuitry , the result of the performed operation appears at the ALU 's outputs . The result consists of both a data word , which may be stored in a register or memory , and status information that is typically stored in a special , internal CPU register reserved for this purpose . Memory management unit ( MMU ) ( edit ) Main article : Memory management unit Most high - end microprocessors ( in desktop , laptop , server computers ) have a memory management unit , translating logical addresses into physical RAM addresses , providing memory protection and paging abilities , useful for virtual memory . Simpler processors , especially microcontrollers , usually do n't include an MMU . Clock rate ( edit ) Main article : Clock rate Most CPUs are synchronous circuits , which means they employ a clock signal to pace their sequential operations . The clock signal is produced by an external oscillator circuit that generates a consistent number of pulses each second in the form of a periodic square wave . The frequency of the clock pulses determines the rate at which a CPU executes instructions and , consequently , the faster the clock , the more instructions the CPU will execute each second . To ensure proper operation of the CPU , the clock period is longer than the maximum time needed for all signals to propagate ( move ) through the CPU . In setting the clock period to a value well above the worst - case propagation delay , it is possible to design the entire CPU and the way it moves data around the `` edges '' of the rising and falling clock signal . This has the advantage of simplifying the CPU significantly , both from a design perspective and a component - count perspective . However , it also carries the disadvantage that the entire CPU must wait on its slowest elements , even though some portions of it are much faster . This limitation has largely been compensated for by various methods of increasing CPU parallelism ( see below ) . However , architectural improvements alone do not solve all of the drawbacks of globally synchronous CPUs . For example , a clock signal is subject to the delays of any other electrical signal . Higher clock rates in increasingly complex CPUs make it more difficult to keep the clock signal in phase ( synchronized ) throughout the entire unit . This has led many modern CPUs to require multiple identical clock signals to be provided to avoid delaying a single signal significantly enough to cause the CPU to malfunction . Another major issue , as clock rates increase dramatically , is the amount of heat that is dissipated by the CPU . The constantly changing clock causes many components to switch regardless of whether they are being used at that time . In general , a component that is switching uses more energy than an element in a static state . Therefore , as clock rate increases , so does energy consumption , causing the CPU to require more heat dissipation in the form of CPU cooling solutions . One method of dealing with the switching of unneeded components is called clock gating , which involves turning off the clock signal to unneeded components ( effectively disabling them ) . However , this is often regarded as difficult to implement and therefore does not see common usage outside of very low - power designs . One notable recent CPU design that uses extensive clock gating is the IBM PowerPC - based Xenon used in the Xbox 360 ; that way , power requirements of the Xbox 360 are greatly reduced . Another method of addressing some of the problems with a global clock signal is the removal of the clock signal altogether . While removing the global clock signal makes the design process considerably more complex in many ways , asynchronous ( or clockless ) designs carry marked advantages in power consumption and heat dissipation in comparison with similar synchronous designs . While somewhat uncommon , entire asynchronous CPUs have been built without using a global clock signal . Two notable examples of this are the ARM compliant AMULET and the MIPS R3000 compatible MiniMIPS . Rather than totally removing the clock signal , some CPU designs allow certain portions of the device to be asynchronous , such as using asynchronous ALUs in conjunction with superscalar pipelining to achieve some arithmetic performance gains . While it is not altogether clear whether totally asynchronous designs can perform at a comparable or better level than their synchronous counterparts , it is evident that they do at least excel in simpler math operations . This , combined with their excellent power consumption and heat dissipation properties , makes them very suitable for embedded computers . Integer range ( edit ) Every CPU represents numerical values in a specific way . For example , some early digital computers represented numbers as familiar decimal ( base 10 ) numeral system values , and others have employed more unusual representations such as ternary ( base three ) . Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form , with each digit being represented by some two - valued physical quantity such as a `` high '' or `` low '' voltage . A six - bit word containing the binary encoded representation of decimal value 40 . Most modern CPUs employ word sizes that are a power of two , for example 8 , 16 , 32 or 64 bits . Related to numeric representation is the size and precision of integer numbers that a CPU can represent . In the case of a binary CPU , this is measured by the number of bits ( significant digits of a binary encoded integer ) that the CPU can process in one operation , which is commonly called word size , bit width , data path width , integer precision , or integer size . A CPU 's integer size determines the range of integer values it can directly operate on . For example , an 8 - bit CPU can directly manipulate integers represented by eight bits , which have a range of 256 ( 2 ) discrete integer values . Integer range can also affect the number of memory locations the CPU can directly address ( an address is an integer value representing a specific memory location ) . For example , if a binary CPU uses 32 bits to represent a memory address then it can directly address 2 memory locations . To circumvent this limitation and for various other reasons , some CPUs use mechanisms ( such as bank switching ) that allow additional memory to be addressed . CPUs with larger word sizes require more circuitry and consequently are physically larger , cost more and consume more power ( and therefore generate more heat ) . As a result , smaller 4 - or 8 - bit microcontrollers are commonly used in modern applications even though CPUs with much larger word sizes ( such as 16 , 32 , 64 , even 128 - bit ) are available . When higher performance is required , however , the benefits of a larger word size ( larger data ranges and address spaces ) may outweigh the disadvantages . A CPU can have internal data paths shorter than the word size to reduce size and cost . For example , even though the IBM System / 360 instruction set was a 32 - bit instruction set , the System / 360 Model 30 and Model 40 had 8 - bit data paths in the arithmetic logical unit , so that a 32 - bit add required four cycles , one for each 8 bits of the operands , and , even though the Motorola 68000 series instruction set was a 32 - bit instruction set , the Motorola 68000 and Motorola 68010 had 16 - bit data paths in the arithmetic logical unit , so that a 32 - bit add required two cycles . To gain some of the advantages afforded by both lower and higher bit lengths , many instruction sets have different bit widths for integer and floating - point data , allowing CPUs implementing that instruction set to have different bit widths for different portions of the device . For example , the IBM System / 360 instruction set was primarily 32 bit , but supported 64 - bit floating point values to facilitate greater accuracy and range in floating point numbers . The System / 360 Model 65 had an 8 - bit adder for decimal and fixed - point binary arithmetic and a 60 - bit adder for floating - point arithmetic . Many later CPU designs use similar mixed bit width , especially when the processor is meant for general - purpose usage where a reasonable balance of integer and floating point capability is required . Parallelism ( edit ) Main article : Parallel computing Model of a subscalar CPU , in which it takes fifteen clock cycles to complete three instructions The description of the basic operation of a CPU offered in the previous section describes the simplest form that a CPU can take . This type of CPU , usually referred to as subscalar , operates on and executes one instruction on one or two pieces of data at a time , that is less than one instruction per clock cycle ( IPC < 1 ) . This process gives rise to an inherent inefficiency in subscalar CPUs . Since only one instruction is executed at a time , the entire CPU must wait for that instruction to complete before proceeding to the next instruction . As a result , the subscalar CPU gets `` hung up '' on instructions which take more than one clock cycle to complete execution . Even adding a second execution unit ( see below ) does not improve performance much ; rather than one pathway being hung up , now two pathways are hung up and the number of unused transistors is increased . This design , wherein the CPU 's execution resources can operate on only one instruction at a time , can only possibly reach scalar performance ( one instruction per clock cycle , IPC = 1 ) . However , the performance is nearly always subscalar ( less than one instruction per clock cycle , IPC < 1 ) . Attempts to achieve scalar and better performance have resulted in a variety of design methodologies that cause the CPU to behave less linearly and more in parallel . When referring to parallelism in CPUs , two terms are generally used to classify these design techniques : instruction - level parallelism ( ILP ) , which seeks to increase the rate at which instructions are executed within a CPU ( that is , to increase the use of on - die execution resources ) ; task - level parallelism ( TLP ) , which purposes to increase the number of threads or processes that a CPU can execute simultaneously . Each methodology differs both in the ways in which they are implemented , as well as the relative effectiveness they afford in increasing the CPU 's performance for an application . Instruction - level parallelism ( edit ) Main articles : Instruction pipelining and Superscalar processor Basic five - stage pipeline . In the best case scenario , this pipeline can sustain a completion rate of one instruction per clock cycle . One of the simplest methods used to accomplish increased parallelism is to begin the first steps of instruction fetching and decoding before the prior instruction finishes executing . This is the simplest form of a technique known as instruction pipelining , and is utilized in almost all modern general - purpose CPUs . Pipelining allows more than one instruction to be executed at any given time by breaking down the execution pathway into discrete stages . This separation can be compared to an assembly line , in which an instruction is made more complete at each stage until it exits the execution pipeline and is retired . Pipelining does , however , introduce the possibility for a situation where the result of the previous operation is needed to complete the next operation ; a condition often termed data dependency conflict . To cope with this , additional care must be taken to check for these sorts of conditions and delay a portion of the instruction pipeline if this occurs . Naturally , accomplishing this requires additional circuitry , so pipelined processors are more complex than subscalar ones ( though not very significantly so ) . A pipelined processor can become very nearly scalar , inhibited only by pipeline stalls ( an instruction spending more than one clock cycle in a stage ) . A simple superscalar pipeline . By fetching and dispatching two instructions at a time , a maximum of two instructions per clock cycle can be completed . Further improvement upon the idea of instruction pipelining led to the development of a method that decreases the idle time of CPU components even further . Designs that are said to be superscalar include a long instruction pipeline and multiple identical execution units , such as load - store units , arithmetic - logic units , floating - point units and address generation units . In a superscalar pipeline , multiple instructions are read and passed to a dispatcher , which decides whether or not the instructions can be executed in parallel ( simultaneously ) . If so they are dispatched to available execution units , resulting in the ability for several instructions to be executed simultaneously . In general , the more instructions a superscalar CPU is able to dispatch simultaneously to waiting execution units , the more instructions will be completed in a given cycle . Most of the difficulty in the design of a superscalar CPU architecture lies in creating an effective dispatcher . The dispatcher needs to be able to quickly and correctly determine whether instructions can be executed in parallel , as well as dispatch them in such a way as to keep as many execution units busy as possible . This requires that the instruction pipeline is filled as often as possible and gives rise to the need in superscalar architectures for significant amounts of CPU cache . It also makes hazard - avoiding techniques like branch prediction , speculative execution , register renaming , out - of - order execution and transactional memory crucial to maintaining high levels of performance . By attempting to predict which branch ( or path ) a conditional instruction will take , the CPU can minimize the number of times that the entire pipeline must wait until a conditional instruction is completed . Speculative execution often provides modest performance increases by executing portions of code that may not be needed after a conditional operation completes . Out - of - order execution somewhat rearranges the order in which instructions are executed to reduce delays due to data dependencies . Also in case of single instruction stream , multiple data stream -- a case when a lot of data from the same type has to be processed -- , modern processors can disable parts of the pipeline so that when a single instruction is executed many times , the CPU skips the fetch and decode phases and thus greatly increases performance on certain occasions , especially in highly monotonous program engines such as video creation software and photo processing . In the case where a portion of the CPU is superscalar and part is not , the part which is not suffers a performance penalty due to scheduling stalls . The Intel P5 Pentium had two superscalar ALUs which could accept one instruction per clock cycle each , but its FPU could not accept one instruction per clock cycle . Thus the P5 was integer superscalar but not floating point superscalar . Intel 's successor to the P5 architecture , P6 , added superscalar capabilities to its floating point features , and therefore afforded a significant increase in floating point instruction performance . Both simple pipelining and superscalar design increase a CPU 's ILP by allowing a single processor to complete execution of instructions at rates surpassing one instruction per clock cycle . Most modern CPU designs are at least somewhat superscalar , and nearly all general purpose CPUs designed in the last decade are superscalar . In later years some of the emphasis in designing high - ILP computers has been moved out of the CPU 's hardware and into its software interface , or ISA . The strategy of the very long instruction word ( VLIW ) causes some ILP to become implied directly by the software , reducing the amount of work the CPU must perform to boost ILP and thereby reducing the design 's complexity . Task - level parallelism ( edit ) Main articles : Multithreading and Multi-core processor Another strategy of achieving performance is to execute multiple threads or processes in parallel . This area of research is known as parallel computing . In Flynn 's taxonomy , this strategy is known as multiple instruction stream , multiple data stream ( MIMD ) . One technology used for this purpose was multiprocessing ( MP ) . The initial flavor of this technology is known as symmetric multiprocessing ( SMP ) , where a small number of CPUs share a coherent view of their memory system . In this scheme , each CPU has additional hardware to maintain a constantly up - to - date view of memory . By avoiding stale views of memory , the CPUs can cooperate on the same program and programs can migrate from one CPU to another . To increase the number of cooperating CPUs beyond a handful , schemes such as non-uniform memory access ( NUMA ) and directory - based coherence protocols were introduced in the 1990s . SMP systems are limited to a small number of CPUs while NUMA systems have been built with thousands of processors . Initially , multiprocessing was built using multiple discrete CPUs and boards to implement the interconnect between the processors . When the processors and their interconnect are all implemented on a single chip , the technology is known as chip - level multiprocessing ( CMP ) and the single chip as a multi-core processor . It was later recognized that finer - grain parallelism existed with a single program . A single program might have several threads ( or functions ) that could be executed separately or in parallel . Some of the earliest examples of this technology implemented input / output processing such as direct memory access as a separate thread from the computation thread . A more general approach to this technology was introduced in the 1970s when systems were designed to run multiple computation threads in parallel . This technology is known as multi-threading ( MT ) . This approach is considered more cost - effective than multiprocessing , as only a small number of components within a CPU is replicated to support MT as opposed to the entire CPU in the case of MP . In MT , the execution units and the memory system including the caches are shared among multiple threads . The downside of MT is that the hardware support for multithreading is more visible to software than that of MP and thus supervisor software like operating systems have to undergo larger changes to support MT . One type of MT that was implemented is known as temporal multithreading , where one thread is executed until it is stalled waiting for data to return from external memory . In this scheme , the CPU would then quickly context switch to another thread which is ready to run , the switch often done in one CPU clock cycle , such as the UltraSPARC T1 . Another type of MT is simultaneous multithreading , where instructions from multiple threads are executed in parallel within one CPU clock cycle . For several decades from the 1970s to early 2000s , the focus in designing high performance general purpose CPUs was largely on achieving high ILP through technologies such as pipelining , caches , superscalar execution , out - of - order execution , etc . This trend culminated in large , power - hungry CPUs such as the Intel Pentium 4 . By the early 2000s , CPU designers were thwarted from achieving higher performance from ILP techniques due to the growing disparity between CPU operating frequencies and main memory operating frequencies as well as escalating CPU power dissipation owing to more esoteric ILP techniques . CPU designers then borrowed ideas from commercial computing markets such as transaction processing , where the aggregate performance of multiple programs , also known as throughput computing , was more important than the performance of a single thread or process . This reversal of emphasis is evidenced by the proliferation of dual and more core processor designs and notably , Intel 's newer designs resembling its less superscalar P6 architecture . Late designs in several processor families exhibit CMP , including the x86 - 64 Opteron and Athlon 64 X2 , the SPARC UltraSPARC T1 , IBM POWER4 and POWER5 , as well as several video game console CPUs like the Xbox 360 's triple - core PowerPC design , and the PlayStation 3 's 7 - core Cell microprocessor . Data parallelism ( edit ) Main articles : Vector processor and SIMD A less common but increasingly important paradigm of processors ( and indeed , computing in general ) deals with data parallelism . The processors discussed earlier are all referred to as some type of scalar device . As the name implies , vector processors deal with multiple pieces of data in the context of one instruction . This contrasts with scalar processors , which deal with one piece of data for every instruction . Using Flynn 's taxonomy , these two schemes of dealing with data are generally referred to as single instruction stream , multiple data stream ( SIMD ) and single instruction stream , single data stream ( SISD ) , respectively . The great utility in creating processors that deal with vectors of data lies in optimizing tasks that tend to require the same operation ( for example , a sum or a dot product ) to be performed on a large set of data . Some classic examples of these types of tasks include multimedia applications ( images , video and sound ) , as well as many types of scientific and engineering tasks . Whereas a scalar processor must complete the entire process of fetching , decoding and executing each instruction and value in a set of data , a vector processor can perform a single operation on a comparatively large set of data with one instruction . This is only possible when the application tends to require many steps which apply one operation to a large set of data . Most early vector processors , such as the Cray - 1 , were associated almost exclusively with scientific research and cryptography applications . However , as multimedia has largely shifted to digital media , the need for some form of SIMD in general - purpose processors has become significant . Shortly after inclusion of floating - point units started to become commonplace in general - purpose processors , specifications for and implementations of SIMD execution units also began to appear for general - purpose processors . Some of these early SIMD specifications - like HP 's Multimedia Acceleration eXtensions ( MAX ) and Intel 's MMX - were integer - only . This proved to be a significant impediment for some software developers , since many of the applications that benefit from SIMD primarily deal with floating - point numbers . Progressively , developers refined and remade these early designs into some of the common modern SIMD specifications , which are usually associated with one ISA . Some notable modern examples include Intel 's SSE and the PowerPC - related AltiVec ( also known as VMX ) . Virtual CPUs ( edit ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( September 2016 ) Cloud computing can involve subdividing CPU operation into virtual central processing units ( vCPUs ) . A host is the virtual equivalent of a physical machine , on which a virtual system is operating . When there are several physical machines operating in tandem and managed as a whole , the grouped computing and memory resources form a cluster . In some systems , it is possible to dynamically add and remove from a cluster . Resources available at a host and cluster level can be partitioned out into resources pools with fine granularity . Performance ( edit ) Further information : Computer performance and Benchmark ( computing ) The performance or speed of a processor depends on , among many other factors , the clock rate ( generally given in multiples of hertz ) and the instructions per clock ( IPC ) , which together are the factors for the instructions per second ( IPS ) that the CPU can perform . Many reported IPS values have represented `` peak '' execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches , whereas realistic workloads consist of a mix of instructions and applications , some of which take longer to execute than others . The performance of the memory hierarchy also greatly affects processor performance , an issue barely considered in MIPS calculations . Because of these problems , various standardized tests , often called `` benchmarks '' for this purpose -- such as SPECint -- have been developed to attempt to measure the real effective performance in commonly used applications . Processing performance of computers is increased by using multi-core processors , which essentially is plugging two or more individual processors ( called cores in this sense ) into one integrated circuit . Ideally , a dual core processor would be nearly twice as powerful as a single core processor . In practice , the performance gain is far smaller , only about 50 % , due to imperfect software algorithms and implementation . Increasing the number of cores in a processor ( i.e. dual - core , quad - core , etc . ) increases the workload that can be handled . This means that the processor can now handle numerous asynchronous events , interrupts , etc. which can take a toll on the CPU when overwhelmed . These cores can be thought of as different floors in a processing plant , with each floor handling a different task . Sometimes , these cores will handle the same tasks as cores adjacent to them if a single core is not enough to handle the information . Due to specific capabilities of modern CPUs , such as hyper - threading and uncore , which involve sharing of actual CPU resources while aiming at increased utilization , monitoring performance levels and hardware use gradually became a more complex task . As a response , some CPUs implement additional hardware logic that monitors actual use of various parts of a CPU and provides various counters accessible to software ; an example is Intel 's Performance Counter Monitor technology . See also ( edit ) Information technology portal Technology portal Addressing mode AMD Accelerated Processing Unit CISC Computer bus Computer engineering CPU core voltage CPU socket Digital signal processor Hyper - threading List of instruction sets Microprocessor Multi-core processor Protection ring RISC Stream processing True Performance Index Wait state Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ Integrated circuits are now used to implement all CPUs , except for a few machines designed to withstand large electromagnetic pulses , say from a nuclear weapon . Jump up ^ The so - called `` von Neumann '' memo expounded the idea of stored programs , which for example may be stored on punched cards , paper tape , or magnetic tape . Jump up ^ Some early computers like the Harvard Mark I did not support any kind of `` jump '' instruction , effectively limiting the complexity of the programs they could run . It is largely for this reason that these computers are often not considered to contain a proper CPU , despite their close similarity to stored - program computers . Jump up ^ Since the program counter counts memory addresses and not instructions , it is incremented by the number of memory units that the instruction word contains . In the case of simple fixed - length instruction word ISAs , this is always the same number . For example , a fixed - length 32 - bit instruction word ISA that uses 8 - bit memory words would always increment the PC by four ( except in the case of jumps ) . ISAs that use variable - length instruction words increment the PC by the number of memory words corresponding to the last instruction 's length . Jump up ^ Because the instruction set architecture of a CPU is fundamental to its interface and usage , it is often used as a classification of the `` type '' of CPU . For example , a `` PowerPC CPU '' uses some variant of the PowerPC ISA . A system can execute a different ISA by running an emulator . Jump up ^ The physical concept of voltage is an analog one by nature , practically having an infinite range of possible values . For the purpose of physical representation of binary numbers , two specific ranges of voltages are defined , one for logic ' 0 ' and another for logic ' 1 ' . These ranges are dictated by design considerations such as noise margins and characteristics of the devices used to create the CPU . Jump up ^ While a CPU 's integer size sets a limit on integer ranges , this can ( and often is ) overcome using a combination of software and hardware techniques . By using additional memory , software can represent integers many magnitudes larger than the CPU can . Sometimes the CPU 's instruction set will even facilitate operations on integers larger than it can natively represent by providing instructions to make large integer arithmetic relatively quick . This method of dealing with large integers is slower than utilizing a CPU with higher integer size , but is a reasonable trade - off in cases where natively supporting the full integer range needed would be cost - prohibitive . See Arbitrary - precision arithmetic for more details on purely software - supported arbitrary - sized integers . Jump up ^ Neither ILP nor TLP is inherently superior over the other ; they are simply different means by which to increase CPU parallelism . As such , they both have advantages and disadvantages , which are often determined by the type of software that the processor is intended to run . High - TLP CPUs are often used in applications that lend themselves well to being split up into numerous smaller applications , so - called `` embarrassingly parallel problems '' . Frequently , a computational problem that can be solved quickly with high TLP design strategies like symmetric multiprocessing takes significantly more time on high ILP devices like superscalar CPUs , and vice versa . Jump up ^ Best - case scenario ( or peak ) IPC rates in very superscalar architectures are difficult to maintain since it is impossible to keep the instruction pipeline filled all the time . Therefore , in highly superscalar CPUs , average sustained IPC is often discussed rather than peak IPC . Jump up ^ Earlier the term scalar was used to compare the IPC count afforded by various ILP methods . Here the term is used in the strictly mathematical sense to contrast with vectors . See scalar ( mathematics ) and Vector ( geometric ) . Jump up ^ Although SSE / SSE2 / SSE3 have superseded MMX in Intel 's general - purpose processors , later IA - 32 designs still support MMX . 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( ... ) in cloud computing where multiple software components run in a virtual environment on the same blade , one component per virtual machine ( VM ) . Each VM is allocated a virtual central processing unit ( ... ) which is a fraction of the blade 's CPU . Jump up ^ Fifield , Tom ; Fleming , Diane ; Gentle , Anne ; Hochstein , Lorin ; Proulx , Jonathan ; Toews , Everett ; Topjian , Joe ( 2014 ) . `` Glossary '' . OpenStack Operations Guide . Beijing : O'Reilly Media , Inc. p. 286 . ISBN 9781491906309 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 20 . Virtual Central Processing Unit ( vCPU ) ( : ) Subdivides physical CPUs . Instances can then use those divisions . Jump up ^ `` VMware Infrastructure Architecture Overview - White Paper '' ( PDF ) . VMware . VMware. 2006 . Jump up ^ `` CPU Frequency '' . CPU World Glossary . CPU World . 25 March 2008 . Retrieved 1 January 2010 . Jump up ^ `` What is ( a ) multi-core processor ? '' . Data Center Definitions . SearchDataCenter.com . Retrieved 8 August 2016 . Jump up ^ `` Quad Core Vs. Dual Core '' . Buzzle . Retrieved 26 November 2014 . Jump up ^ Tegtmeier , Martin . `` CPU utilization of multi-threaded architectures explained '' . Oracle . Retrieved September 29 , 2015 . External links ( edit ) Listen to this article ( 2 parts ) ( info ) Part 1 Part 2 This audio file was created from a revision of the article `` Central processing unit '' dated 2006 - 06 - 13 , and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article . ( Audio help ) More spoken articles Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microprocessors . Wikiversity has learning resources about Introduction to Computers / Processor How Microprocessors Work at HowStuffWorks . 25 Microchips that shook the world -- an article by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . Processor technologies Models Turing machine Universal Post -- Turing Quantum Belt machine Stack machine Finite - state machine with datapath Hierarchical Queue automaton Register machines Counter Pointer Random - access Random - access stored program Architecture Von Neumann Harvard modified Dataflow Transport - triggered Cellular Endianness Memory access NUMA HUMA Load / store Register / memory Cache hierarchy Memory hierarchy Virtual memory Secondary storage Heterogeneous Fabric Multiprocessing Cognitive Neuromorphic Instruction set architectures Types CISC RISC Application - specific EDGE TRIPS VLIW EPIC MISC OISC NISC ZISC comparison addressing modes x86 ARM MIPS Power PowerPC SPARC Itanium Unicore MicroBlaze RISC - V others Execution Instruction pipelining Pipeline stall Operand forwarding Classic RISC pipeline Hazards Data dependency Structural Control False sharing Out - of - order Tomasulo algorithm Reservation station Re-order buffer Register renaming Speculative Branch prediction Memory dependence prediction Parallelism Level Bit Bit - serial Word Instruction Pipelining Scalar Superscalar Task Thread Process Data Vector Memory Distributed Multithreading Temporal Simultaneous Hyperthreading Speculative Preemptive Cooperative Flynn 's taxonomy SISD SIMD SWAR SIMT MISD MIMD SPMD Processor Performance Transistor count Instructions per cycle ( IPC ) Cycles per instruction ( CPI ) Instructions per second ( IPS ) Floating - point operations per second ( FLOPS ) Transactions per second ( TPS ) Synaptic updates per second ( SUPS ) Performance per watt ( PPW ) Cache performance metrics Computer performance by orders of magnitude Types Central processing unit ( CPU ) Graphics processing unit ( GPU ) GPGPU Vector Barrel Stream Coprocessor ASIC FPGA CPLD Multi-chip module ( MCM ) System in package ( SiP ) By application Microprocessor Microcontroller Mobile Notebook Ultra-low - voltage ASIP Systems on Chip System - on - Chip ( SoC ) Multiprocessor ( MPSoC ) Programmable ( PSoC ) Network - on - Chip ( NoC ) Hardware accelerators AI accelerator Vision processing unit ( VPU ) Physics processing unit ( PPU ) Digital signal processor ( DSP ) Tensor processing unit ( TPU ) Secure cryptoprocessor Network processor Baseband processor Word size 1 - bit 2 - bit 4 - bit 8 - bit 16 - bit 32 - bit 48 - bit 64 - bit 128 - bit 256 - bit 512 - bit others variable Core count Single - core Multi-core Manycore Heterogeneous architecture Components Core Cache CPU cache replacement policies coherence Bus Clock rate FIFO Functional units Arithmetic logic unt ( ALU ) Address generation unit ( AGU ) Floating - point unit ( FPU ) Memory management unit Load -- store unit Translation lookaside buffer ( TLB ) Logic Combinational Sequential Glue Logic Gate Quantum Array Registers Processor register Register file Memory buffer Program counter Stack Control unit Instruction unit Data buffer Write buffer Microcode ROM Counter Datapath Multiplexer Demultiplexer Adder Multiplier CPU Binary decoder Address decoder Sum addressed decoder Barrel shifter Circuitry Integrated circuit 3D Mixed signal Power management Boolean Digital Analog Quantum Switch Power management PMU APM ACPI Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic voltage scaling Clock gating Performance per watt ( PPW ) Related History of general - purpose CPUs Microprocessor chronology Processor design Digital electronics Hardware security module Basic computer components Input devices Keyboard Image scanner Microphone Pointing device Graphics tablet Joystick Light pen Mouse Optical Pointing stick Touchpad Touchscreen Trackball Refreshable braille display Sound card Webcam Softcam Video card Output devices Monitor Refreshable braille display Printer Speakers Plotter Sound card Video card Removable data storage Optical disc CD DVD Blu - ray Disk pack Floppy disk Memory card USB flash drive Computer case Central processing unit ( CPU ) HDD / SSD / SSHD Motherboard Network interface controller Power supply Random - access memory ( RAM ) Fax modem Expansion card Ports Ethernet FireWire ( IEEE 1394 ) Parallel port Serial port PS / 2 port USB Thunderbolt DisplayPort / HDMI / DVI / VGA eSATA Audio jack Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_processing_unit&oldid=865394930 '' Categories : Central processing unit Hidden categories : CS1 maint : Multiple names : authors list All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from September 2016 Articles to be expanded from September 2016 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Spoken articles Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Alemannisch Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская ( тарашкевіца ) Български བོད ་ ཡིག Bosanski Català Чӑвашла Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Furlan Gaeilge Galego Gĩkũyũ گیلکی 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Íslenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ಕನ್ನಡ Къарачай - малкъар ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Кыргызча ລາວ Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Lingála Lumbaart Magyar Македонски മലയാളം مصرى Bahasa Melayu Монгол မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Олык марий Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی ភាសា ខ្មែរ Plattdüütsch Polski Ποντιακά Português Română Русиньскый Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Soomaaliga کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழ் Татарча / tatarça తెలుగు ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语 ייִדיש 粵語 Zazaki 中文 98 more Edit links This page was last edited on 23 October 2018 , at 17 : 51 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | this holds the actual processing in the cpu | ["The actual mathematical operation for each instruction is performed by a combinational logic circuit within the CPU's processor known as the arithmetic logic unit or ALU. In general, a CPU executes an instruction by fetching it from memory, using its ALU to perform an operation, and then storing the result to memory. Beside the instructions for integer mathematics and logic operations, various other machine instructions exist, such as those for loading data from memory and storing it back, branching operations, and mathematical operations on floating-point numbers performed by the CPU's floating-point unit (FPU).[59]\n"] | ["a combinational logic circuit within the CPU's processor known as the arithmetic logic unit or ALU"] | The actual mathematical operation for each instruction is performed by a combinational logic circuit within the CPU's processor known as the arithmetic logic unit or ALU. In general, a CPU executes an instruction by fetching it from memory, using its ALU to perform an operation, and then storing the result to memory. Beside the instructions for integer mathematics and logic operations, various other machine instructions exist, such as those for loading data from memory and storing it back, branching operations, and mathematical operations on floating-point numbers performed by the CPU's floating-point unit (FPU).[59]
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[question]: What is the name of the circuit within the CPU's processor that performs mathematical operations?
[answer]: The name of the circuit within the CPU's processor that performs mathematical operations is the arithmetic logic unit or ALU. | What is the name of the circuit within the CPU's processor that performs mathematical operations? | The name of the circuit within the CPU's processor that performs mathematical operations is the arithmetic logic unit or ALU. | 1 | 7.276943 | 20 | 93 | 1 |
10,921 | 7,818,035,199,000,265,000 | Can't Take My Eyes Off You | Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You - wikipedia Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You Jump to : navigation , search `` I Love You Baby '' redirects here . For the film of that name , see I Love You Baby ( film ) . `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' Cover of the 1967 US single Single by Frankie Valli from the album Frankie Valli : Solo B - side `` The Trouble With Me '' Released May 1967 ( 1967 - 05 ) Format 7 '' Recorded April 1967 Genre Pop rock Length 2 : 58 Label Philips Songwriter ( s ) Bob Crewe Bob Gaudio Producer ( s ) Bob Crewe Frankie Valli singles chronology `` The Proud One '' ( 1966 ) `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' ( 1967 ) `` I Make a Fool of Myself '' ( 1967 ) `` The Proud One '' ( 1966 ) `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' ( 1967 ) `` I Make a Fool of Myself '' ( 1967 ) `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' is a 1967 single credited to Frankie Valli . The song was among his biggest hits , earning a gold record and reaching No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 for a week , stuck behind `` Windy '' by The Association . It was co-written by Bob Gaudio , a bandmate of Valli 's in The Four Seasons . It was Valli 's biggest solo hit until he hit # 1 in 1974 with `` My Eyes Adored You '' . `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' has had hundreds of cover versions , many of which have been on the charts in different countries . The song is a staple of television and film soundtracks , even being featured as part of the plot of some films , such as when the lead characters sing or arrange their own version of the song . Its chorus has also become a popular football chant , with supporters of various teams inserting their club 's name or a popular player 's name into the beat ( for instance , A.S. Roma fans sing `` Francesco Totti , la la , la la la la ! '' ) . The Valli version was also used by NASA as a wake - up song on the STS - 126 space shuttle mission , to celebrate the anniversary of astronaut Christopher Ferguson , one of the mission 's crew members . The song is frequently erroneously attributed to Frank Sinatra . Contents ( hide ) 1 Credits 2 Charts 2.1 Weekly charts 2.2 Year - end charts 3 Notable cover versions 3.1 1967 -- 1969 3.2 1970 -- 1989 3.3 1990 -- 1999 3.4 2000 -- 2009 3.5 2010 -- present 4 References 5 External links Credits ( edit ) The song was written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio . Arrangement was done by Artie Schroeck and Gaudio . The original recording was made at A&R Recording Studios at 799 7th Avenue , with Bob Crewe producing and Phil Ramone as the engineer . Charts ( edit ) Weekly charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1967 ) Peak position Canada RPM Top Singles US Billboard Hot 100 US Cash Box Top 100 Year - end charts ( edit ) Chart ( 1967 ) Rank Canada 18 US Billboard Hot 100 10 US Cash Box Notable cover versions ( edit ) This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The song has been covered by some 200 artists over the years , in many countries , under both versions of the title . A few notable examples of cover versions that appeared on the charts : 1967 -- 1969 ( edit ) The Lettermen ( # 7 in 1967 , in a medley with `` Goin ' Out of My Head '' ) A version by Andy Williams made it to # 5 on the UK singles chart in 1968 . The arranger and producer was Nick DeCaro and the conductor was Eddie Karam . This version is included in the soundtrack of the 2001 film Bridget Jones 's Diary . In 2002 he recorded a new version of the song , as a duet with British actress and singer Denise van Outen , which reached # 23 in the UK singles charts . Vicki Carr recorded a cover of the song on her 1967 album It Must Be Him . Nancy Wilson ( # 52 in 1969 ) Engelbert Humperdinck covered the song on his 1968 album A Man Without Love . The Easybeats covered the song on their 1968 album Vigil , only released on the UK / European version of the album . The Supremes performed the song for the first time in 1969 , in one of Diana Ross ' last performance on TV with the group , with Mary Wilson on lead . A translated version in Swedish was recorded by Anni - Frid Lyngstad ( later of ABBA ) and was released as the B - side to her debut single `` Din '' in 1967 . The recording has also been released on Lyngstad 's compilation albums . 1970 -- 1989 ( edit ) In 1970 , Brook Benton recorded the song on his album Brook Benton Today . In 1972 , Bobby Darin performed the song on his summer television series , Dean Martin Presents : The Bobby Darin Amusement Company , and this version was included in the 2004 album Aces Back to Back . In 1974 , Anna Maria Alberghetti performed the song as part of a medley on the 1974 Jerry Lewis Labor Day MDA Telethon . In 1975 , Julio Iglesias sang the song on his TV show . Shirley Bassey recorded this as a United Artist Single in 1976 . In 1978 actors Robert De Niro , Christopher Walken and John Cazale sang the lyrics in the movie The Deer Hunter . Maureen McGovern ( # 27 on the US Adult Contemporary chart in 1979 ; # 5 Canadian AC in 1980 ) . In 1982 , San Francisco based disco band Boys Town Gang performed a disco version of the song which reached number one in the Netherlands , Belgium , Spain and number four in the United Kingdom . This version was also successful in Japan , receiving a gold digital certification by the RIAJ in 2011 , and is also on games such as Just Dance 4 . In 1987 , Hong Kong singer Prudence Liew recorded a Cantonese version and released it as the fourth single from her sophomore album , Why . In 1989 , Michelle Pfeiffer sang the song in The Fabulous Baker Boys . 1990 -- 1999 ( edit ) 1991 , onwards various versions from by disco singer Gloria Gaynor . 1991 , Pet Shop Boys used part of the song on their cover version of U2 's `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , which reached # 4 in the U.K. and # 72 in the U.S. 1992 , Dutch singers Gerard Joling and Tatjana Šimić recorded a duet version of the song ( including a rap segment by Darrell Bell ) , which peaked at # 5 in the Dutch Top 40 charts . 1993 , the song was recorded by a-ha singer Morten Harket for the soundtrack of the movie Coneheads ( 1993 ) . 1994 , Russian singer Philipp Kirkorov recorded this song for his album I 'm not a Rafael . 1995 , Christian rock band Daniel Amos recorded a version of the song on their album Songs of the Heart . 1996 , Manic Street Preachers recorded a version of the song and used it as the third B - side on their single `` Australia '' , the fourth to be taken from the hit album Everything Must Go . 1997 , German singer Tommy Fischer released his German disco version `` Weil ich dich liebe '' ( covered in 2008 by Two 4 Pop ) 1997 , Xysma , the pioneering Finnish grindcore band , covered the song in their later career after transforming into a rock band on their EP Singles . 1998 , Lauryn Hill ( # 35 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and # 2 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart in 1998 and # 8 on the Australian Singles Charts ) . This version was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1999 . 1999 , Heath Ledger sang the song in the film 10 Things I Hate About You . 1999 , Denise Richards sang the song in the film Drop Dead Gorgeous . 2000 -- 2009 ( edit ) 2000 , Japanese singer Ringo Sheena , for the single `` Tsumi to Batsu '' . 2000 , Hong Kong singer Leon Lai did a Cantonese version in his album Beijing Station . 2000 , Sheena Easton recorded her version for her album Fabulous . 2001 , Jimmy Somerville released his version as a single . 2001 , British group Muse , for the single `` Dead Star '' / `` In Your World '' . 2002 , Japanese singer Tommy february6 , on her eponymous album . 2004 , Jennifer Peña recorded a Latin version of the song , `` No Hay Nadie Igual Como Tú '' , which reached # 33 on the Latin charts . 2004 , Bad Manners , for The Ultimate Bad Collection - Crooners . 2006 , Barry Manilow including this song on his album The Greatest Songs of the Sixties . 2007 , Greek singer Efi Thodi included this song in her album I Love You Baby . 2008 , John Barrowman recorded a cover for his album Music Music Music . 2008 , Chinese soft rock duet Yu Quan recorded a cover as an EP titled Fall in Love with Your Beauty . 2008 , Frankie Valli 's version of the song was played by NASA as the morning wake - up call for astronaut Christopher Ferguson , in honor of his anniversary while he was on the STS - 126 Space Shuttle mission . 2010 -- present ( edit ) In 2010 , A cappella group Straight No Chaser included a cover of the song on their album With a Twist . In 2010 , Clay Aiken included a cover of the song on his album Tried and True . In 2011 , Japanese R&B singer Misia , included a cover of the song as a B - side to her single `` Kioku '' . The song was later included on her cover album , Misia no Mori : Forest Covers . In 2011 , Taiwanese - American singer - songwriter Joanna Wang , included a cover of the song on her cover album , The Things We Do for Love . 2011 , Stereophonics frontman Kelly Jones sang an acoustic version of the song in tribute to former Wales national football team manager Gary Speed . The song has been an adopted anthem for Welsh football fans during Speed 's playing career with Wales after being used in a BBC Wales promo for the 1994 World Cup qualifying campaign . In 2013 , South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation performed a version of this song as part of their Japan 2nd Tour ~ Girls&Peace ~ and 2013 Girls ' Generation World Tour - Girls & Peace . In 2013 , the vocal harmony group The Overtones covered the song for the official soundtrack of the German movie Buddy , and also included the song on the Christmas and Mother 's Day editions of their 2013 platinum selling album , Saturday Night at the Movies . In 2014 , John Lloyd Young covered the song for the movie Jersey Boys about the band The Four Seasons where he played Frankie Valli . He was also the original performer on the Broadway musical of the same name which premiered in 2005 . Jessie J recorded her version in 2016 , for the French cosmetics brand Make Up For Ever . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ `` Official Frankie Valli Site '' . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 25 . Jump up ^ `` Billboard Hot 100 '' . 1967 - 07 - 22 . Retrieved 2015 - 07 - 31 . Jump up ^ Bronson , Fred . The Billboard book of number 1 hits . p. 398 . Jump up ^ `` Frankie Valli - Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You / The Trouble With Me ( Vinyl ) '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X Jump up ^ `` Cash Box Year - End Charts : Top 100 Pop Singles , July 15 , 1967 '' . Tropicalglen.com. 1967 - 12 - 23 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 15 . Jump up ^ `` Musicoutfitters.com '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1967 '' . Tropicalglen.com. 1967 - 12 - 23 . Retrieved 2017 - 04 - 18 . Jump up ^ `` Official Singles Chart Top 40 Official Charts Company '' . Officialcharts.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ Love , Andy by Andy Williams , album sleeve , 1967 . New York : Columbia Records CS 9566 Jump up ^ `` Official Singles Chart Top 40 Official Charts Company '' . Officialcharts.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Engelbert Humperdinck - A Man Without Love ( Vinyl , LP ) '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Du är så underbart rar - recording '' . musicbrainz.com . Retrieved 2016 - 03 - 11 . Jump up ^ `` Brook Benton - Brook Benton Today ( Vinyl , LP , Album ) '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada '' . Collectionscanada.gc.ca . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Top 40 - lijst van week 24 , 1982 '' . Top40.nl . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 74 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . Jump up ^ Gloria Gaynor - Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You - YourDancefloorTV on YouTube . Retrieved June 9 , 2012 . Jump up ^ `` JAARLIJST 1992 '' . Members.chello.nl . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Coneheads - Original Soundtrack Songs , Reviews , Credits '' . AllMusic. 1993 - 07 - 20 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` Lauryn Hill Awards '' . AllMusic. 1975 - 05 - 26 . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ `` MP3 file '' . Spaceflight.nasa.gov . Retrieved 2016 - 09 - 30 . Jump up ^ ( 1 ) Jump up ^ Girls ' Generation Second Japan Arena Tour Set List Retrieved April 5th , 2013 . Jump up ^ 2013 Girls ' Generation World Tour Set List . Retrieved June 9 , 2013 . External links ( edit ) `` Official Frankie Valli Site '' . Retrieved 2010 - 2 - 16 . Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database Andy Williams Studio albums Andy Williams Sings Steve Allen Andy Williams Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein Two Time Winners To You Sweetheart , Aloha Lonely Street The Village of St. Bernadette Under Paris Skies Danny Boy and Other Songs I Love to Sing Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes Warm and Willing Days of Wine and Roses and Other TV Requests The Andy Williams Christmas Album The Wonderful World of Andy Williams The Academy Award - Winning `` Call Me Irresponsible '' and Other Hit Songs from the Movies The Great Songs from `` My Fair Lady '' and Other Broadway Hits Andy Williams ' Dear Heart Merry Christmas The Shadow of Your Smile In the Arms of Love Born Free Love , Andy Honey Happy Heart Get Together with Andy Williams Raindrops Keep Fallin ' on My Head The Andy Williams Show Love Story You 've Got a Friend Love Theme from `` The Godfather '' Alone Again ( Naturally ) Solitaire The Way We Were Christmas Present You Lay So Easy on My Mind The Other Side of Me Andy Let 's Love While We Can Greatest Love Classics Close Enough for Love I Still Believe in Santa Claus Nashville We Need a Little Christmas I Do n't Remember Ever Growing Up Compilations Andy Williams Andy Williams ' Best Million Seller Songs Canadian Sunset Andy Williams ' Newest Hits May Each Day The Andy Williams Sound of Music Andy Williams ' Greatest Hits The Impossible Dream Love Story Andy Williams ' Greatest Hits Vol. 2 ( CBS ) Andy Williams ' Greatest Hits Vol. 2 Reflections The Best of Andy Williams ( 1992 ) Personal Christmas Collection 16 Most Requested Songs : Encore ! The Best of Andy Williams ( 1996 ) The Love Songs In the Lounge with ... The Very Best of Andy Williams ( 2000 ) Andy The Essential Andy Williams B Sides and Rarities Music to Watch Girls By : The Very Best of Andy Williams Moon River : The Very Best of Andy Williams The Very Best of Andy Williams ( 2009 ) The Classic Christmas Album Live albums Greatest Hits The New Andy Williams Christmas Album Singles `` Walk Hand in Hand '' `` Canadian Sunset '' `` Butterfly '' `` I Like Your Kind of Love '' `` Lips of Wine '' `` Are You Sincere ? '' `` Promise Me , Love '' `` The Hawaiian Wedding Song '' `` Lonely Street '' `` The Village of St. Bernadette '' `` Danny Boy '' `` Fly by Night '' `` Stranger on the Shore '' `` Do n't You Believe It '' `` Twilight Time '' `` Ca n't Get Used to Losing You '' `` Days of Wine and Roses '' `` Hopeless '' `` A Fool Never Learns '' `` Charade '' `` Wrong for Each Other '' `` On the Street Where You Live '' `` Almost There '' `` Dear Heart '' `` ... and Roses and Roses '' `` Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars ( Corcovado ) '' `` May Each Day '' `` You 're Gonna Hear from Me '' `` Bye Bye Blues '' `` How Can I Tell Her It 's Over '' `` In the Arms of Love '' `` Music to Watch Girls By '' `` Holly '' `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' `` Sweet Memories '' `` Battle Hymn of the Republic '' `` Happy Heart '' `` Live and Learn '' `` A Woman 's Way '' `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' `` One Day of Your Life '' `` It 's So Easy '' `` Home Lovin ' Man '' `` ( Where Do I Begin ? ) Love Story '' `` A Song for You '' `` You 've Got a Friend '' `` Speak Softly Love ( Love Theme from The Godfather ) '' `` MacArthur Park '' `` Solitaire '' `` Love 's Theme '' `` Another Lonely Song '' `` Cry Softly '' `` Sad Eyes '' `` The Other Side of Me '' `` Tell It Like It Is '' `` It 's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year '' B - Sides `` I 'm So Lonesome I Could Cry '' `` I Want to Be Wanted '' `` Summertime '' `` So Rare '' `` Emily '' `` Red Roses for a Blue Lady '' `` I 'll Remember You '' `` Something '' `` My Love '' `` They Long to Be Close to You '' `` I Love My Friend '' Related articles Discography The Williams Brothers The Four Seasons Frankie Valli Tommy DeVito Bob Gaudio Nick Massi Charles Calello Joe Long Gerry Polci Albums Sherry & 11 Others ( 1962 ) The 4 Seasons Greetings ( 1962 ) Big Girls Do n't Cry and Twelve Others ( 1963 ) The 4 Seasons Sing Ai n't That a Shame and 11 Others ( 1963 ) Golden Hits of the 4 Seasons ( 1963 ) Dawn ( 1964 ) Rag Doll ( 1964 ) Born to Wonder ( 1964 ) Stay and Other Great Hits ( 1964 ) 4 Seasons Entertain You ( 1965 ) The 4 Seasons Sing Big Hits by Burt Bacharach ... Hal David ... Bob Dylan ( 1965 ) Working My Way Back to You and More Great New Hits ( 1966 ) Lets Hang On ( 1966 ) On Stage with The Four Seasons ( 1965 ) New Gold Hits ( 1967 ) Edizione D'Oro ( Gold Edition ) ( 1968 ) The Genuine Imitation Life Gazette ( 1969 ) Half and Half ( 1970 ) Chameleon ( 1972 ) Who Loves You ( 1975 ) Helicon ( 1977 ) The Very Best of Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons ( 2002 ) Singles `` Bermuda '' `` Sherry '' `` Big Girls Do n't Cry '' `` Santa Claus Is Coming to Town '' `` Walk Like a Man '' `` Ai n't That a Shame '' `` Candy Girl '' `` New Mexican Rose '' `` Dawn ( Go Away ) '' `` Stay '' `` Ronnie '' `` Alone ( Why Must I Be Alone ) '' `` Rag Doll '' `` Silence Is Golden '' `` Save It for Me '' `` Sincerely '' `` Big Man in Town '' `` I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus '' `` Bye , Bye , Baby ( Baby Goodbye ) '' `` Since I Do n't Have You '' `` Girl Come Running '' `` The Sun Ai n't Gonna Shine ( Anymore ) '' `` Let 's Hang On ! '' `` Do n't Think Twice '' `` Working My Way Back to You '' `` Opus 17 ( Do n't You Worry ' bout Me ) '' `` On the Good Ship Lollipop '' `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' `` The Proud One '' `` Tell It to the Rain '' `` Beggin ' '' `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' `` C'mon Marianne '' `` Lonesome Road '' `` Watch the Flowers Grow '' `` Will You Love Me Tomorrow '' `` My Eyes Adored You '' `` Our Day Will Come '' `` Who Loves You '' `` December , 1963 ( Oh , What a Night ) '' `` Silver Star '' `` Grease '' Related topics Discography Members Albums Songs The Four Lovers The Wonder Who ? Bob Crewe `` Ces soirées - là '' Jersey Boys : Original Broadway Cast Recording Jersey Boys ( musical ) Jersey Boys ( film ) Book : The Four Seasons Jimmy Somerville Discography Studio albums Read My Lips Dare to Love Manage the Damage Home Again Compilations The Singles Collection 1984 / 1990 The Very Best of Jimmy Somerville , Bronski Beat and The Communards For a Friend : The Best of Bronski Beat , The Communards & Jimmy Somerville Singles `` Suspicious Minds '' `` Comment te dire adieu '' `` You Make Me Feel ( Mighty Real ) '' `` Read My Lips ( Enough Is Enough ) '' `` To Love Somebody '' `` Smalltown Boy ( ' 91 Remix ) '' `` Gimme Shelter '' `` Heartbeat '' `` Hurt So Good '' `` By Your Side '' `` The Number One Song in Heaven '' `` Why ? ( Almighty Mix ) '' `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' Other songs `` Love to Love You Baby '' `` Johnny Remember Me '' `` Lover Man '' `` Do They Know It 's Christmas ? '' `` From This Moment On '' `` Someday We 'll Be Together '' `` But Not Tonight '' `` I Was Born This Way '' `` Tell Me Why '' Related articles Bronski Beat The Communards Book Nancy Wilson Albums Like in Love Something Wonderful The Swingin 's Mutual ! Nancy Wilson / Cannonball Adderley Broadway -- My Way Hollywood -- My Way Yesterday 's Love Songs / Today 's Blues Today , Tomorrow , Forever The Nancy Wilson Show ! Tender Loving Care Lush Life Welcome to My Love But Beautiful Love , Nancy A Nancy Wilson Christmas R.S.V.P. ( Rare Songs , Very Personal ) Turned to Blue Songs `` ( You Do n't Know ) How Glad I Am '' `` Uptight ( Everything 's Alright ) '' `` You 've Got Your Troubles '' `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' `` She Called Me Baby '' `` Love Wo n't Let Me Wait '' `` I Ca n't Make You Love Me '' Related articles Discography Jazz Profiles The Lettermen Tony Butala Bobby Poynton Donovan Tea Studio albums Once Upon a Time ( 1962 ) The Best of The Lettermen ( 1966 ) I Have Dreamed ( 1969 ) Spin Away ( 1972 ) Singles `` The 7th Dawn '' `` Allentown Jail '' `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' `` Chanson D'Amour '' `` Come Back Silly Girl '' `` Eastward '' `` How Is Julie ? '' `` Hurt So Bad '' `` I Have Dreamed '' `` Love '' `` Our Winter Love '' `` Put Your Head on My Shoulder '' `` Secretly '' `` Shangri - La '' `` She Cried '' `` Silly Boy ( She Does n't Love You ) '' `` Sweet September '' `` Theme from A Summer Place '' `` Turn Around , Look at Me '' `` The Way You Look Tonight '' `` When I Fall in Love '' `` Where or When '' Related Vocal Group Hall of Fame Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Can%27t_Take_My_Eyes_Off_You&oldid=835262141 '' Categories : 1967 singles 1968 singles 1969 singles Songs written by Bob Crewe Songs written by Bob Gaudio Frankie Valli songs The Four Seasons ( band ) songs Jay and the Americans songs Andy Williams songs Lauryn Hill songs Barry Manilow songs The Lettermen songs Nancy Wilson ( jazz singer ) songs Schlager songs Maureen McGovern songs Oricon International Singles Chart number - one singles Number - one singles in the Netherlands Song recordings produced by Bob Crewe 1967 songs Philips Records singles Hidden categories : All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2016 Articles with hAudio microformats Articles needing additional references from February 2018 All articles needing additional references Talk Contents About Wikipedia Azərbaycanca Español Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Italiano 日本 語 Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 7 April 2018 , at 16 : 06 . 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About Wikipedia | when did cant take my eyes off of you come out | ['\n\n"Can\'t Take My Eyes Off You"\n\n\n\nCover of the 1967 US single\n\n\n\nSingle by Frankie Valli\n\n\nfrom the album Frankie Valli: Solo[1]\n\n\nB-side\n"The Trouble With Me"\n\n\nReleased\nMay 1967 (1967-05)\n\n\nFormat\n7"\n\n\nRecorded\nApril 1967\n\n\nGenre\nPop rock\n\n\nLength\n2:58\n\n\nLabel\nPhilips\n\n\nSongwriter(s)\n\n\n\nBob Crewe\nBob Gaudio\n\n\n\n\n\nProducer(s)\nBob Crewe\n\n\nFrankie Valli singles chronology\n\n\n\n\n\n"The Proud One"\n(1966)\n"Can\'t Take My Eyes Off You"\n(1967)\n"I Make a Fool of Myself"\n(1967)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"The Proud One"\n(1966)\n"Can\'t Take My Eyes Off You"\n(1967)\n"I Make a Fool of Myself"\n(1967)\n\n\n\n\n'] | ['May 1967'] |
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
Cover of the 1967 US single
Single by Frankie Valli
from the album Frankie Valli: Solo[1]
B-side
"The Trouble With Me"
Released
May 1967 (1967-05)
Format
7"
Recorded
April 1967
Genre
Pop rock
Length
2:58
Label
Philips
Songwriter(s)
Bob Crewe
Bob Gaudio
Producer(s)
Bob Crewe
Frankie Valli singles chronology
"The Proud One"
(1966)
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
(1967)
"I Make a Fool of Myself"
(1967)
"The Proud One"
(1966)
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
(1967)
"I Make a Fool of Myself"
(1967)
|
[question]: Who wrote the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You"?
[answer]: The song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" was written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio. | Who wrote the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You"? | The song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" was written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio. | 1 | 7.276825 | 16 | 91 | 1 |
4,459 | -2,848,833,658,069,911,600 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | Liberté , égalité , fraternité - wikipedia Liberté , égalité , fraternité `` Brotherhood of man '' redirects here . For the musical group , see Brotherhood of Man . Flag of France which represents Liberté , égalité , fraternité Liberté , égalité , fraternité ( pronounced ( libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite ) ) , French for `` liberty , equality , fraternity '' , is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti , and is an example of a tripartite motto . Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution , it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century . Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution . It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France . Contents 1 Origins during the French Revolution 2 19th century 2.1 1848 Revolution 2.2 Paris Commune and Third Republic 3 20th century 4 Other nations 5 Culture 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links Origins during the French Revolution ( edit ) Text displayed on a placard announcing the sale of biens nationaux ( 1793 ) . Soon after the Revolution , the motto was sometimes written as `` Liberty , Equality , Fraternity , or Death '' . The `` death '' part was later dropped for being too strongly associated with the Reign of Terror . The first to express this motto was Maximilien Robespierre in his speech `` On the organization of the National Guard '' ( French : Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales ) on 5 December 1790 , article XVI , and disseminated widely throughout France by the popular Societies . Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales Article XVI . On their uniforms engraved these words : FRENCH PEOPLE , & below : LIBERTY , EQUALITY , FRATERNITY . The same words are inscribed on flags which bear the three colors of the nation . ( French : XVI . Elles porteront sur leur poitrine ces mots gravés : LE PEUPLE FRANÇAIS , & au - dessous : LIBERTÉ , ÉGALITÉ , FRATERNITÉ . Les mêmes mots seront inscrits sur leurs drapeaux , qui porteront les trois couleurs de la nation . ) -- Maximilien Robespierre , 1790 Credit for the motto has been given also to Antoine - François Momoro ( 1756 -- 94 ) , a Parisian printer and Hébertist organizer , though in different context of foreign invasion and Federalist revolts in 1793 , it was modified to `` Unity , indivisibility of the Republic ; liberty , equality , brotherhood or death '' ( French : Unité , Indivisibilité de la République ; Liberté , Egalité , Fraternité ou la mort ) and suggested by a resolution of the Paris Commune ( member of which Momoro was elected by his section du Théâtre - Français ) on 29 June 1793 to be inscribed on Parisian house - fronts and imitated by the inhabitants of other cities . In 1839 , the philosopher Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation . The historian Mona Ozouf underlines that , although Liberté and Égalité were associated as a motto during the 18th century , Fraternité was n't always included in it , and other terms , such as Amitié ( Friendship ) , Charité ( Charity ) or Union were often added in its place . The emphasis on Fraternité during the French Revolution led Olympe de Gouges , a female journalist , to write the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen as a response . The tripartite motto was neither a creative collection , nor really institutionalized by the French Revolution . As soon as 1789 , other terms were used , such as `` la Nation , la Loi , le Roi '' ( The Nation , The Law , The King ) , or `` Union , Force , Vertu '' ( Union , Strength , Virtue ) , a slogan used beforehand by masonic lodges , or `` Force , Égalité , Justice '' ( Strength , Equality , Justice ) , `` Liberté , Sûreté , Propriété '' ( Liberty , Security , Property ) , etc . Alsatian sign , 1792 : Freiheit Gleichheit Brüderlichk . od . Tod ( Liberty Equality Fraternity or Death ) Tod den Tyranen ( Death to Tyrants ) Heil den Völkern ( Long live the Peoples ) In other words , liberté , égalité , fraternité was only one slogan among many others . During the Jacobin revolutionary period itself , various mottos were used , such as liberté , unité , égalité ( liberty , unity , equality ) ; liberté , égalité , justice ( liberty , equality , justice ) ; liberté , raison , égalité ( liberty , reason , equality ) , etc . The only solid association was that of liberté and égalité , fraternité being ignored by the Cahiers de doléances as well as by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . It was only alluded to in the 1791 Constitution , as well as in Robespierre 's draft Declaration of 1793 , placed under the invocation of ( in that order ) égalité , liberté , sûreté and propriété ( equality , liberty , safety , property -- though it was used not as a motto , but as articles of declaration ) , as the possibility of a universal extension of the Declaration of Rights : `` Men of all countries are brothers , he who oppresses one nation declares himself the enemy of all . '' Finally , it did not figure in the August 1793 Declaration . The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 defined liberty in Article 4 as follows : Liberty consists of being able to do anything that does not harm others : thus , the exercise of the natural rights of every man or woman has no bounds other than those that guarantee other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights . Equality , on the other hand , was defined by the 1789 Declaration in terms of judicial equality and merit - based entry to government ( art . 6 ) : ( The law ) `` must be the same for all , whether it protects or punishes . All citizens , being equal in its eyes , shall be equally eligible to all high offices , public positions and employments , according to their ability , and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents . '' Liberté , égalité , fraternité actually finds its origins in a May 1791 proposition by the Club des Cordeliers , following a speech on the Army by the marquis de Guichardin . A British marine held prisoner on the French ship Le Marat in 1794 wrote home in letters published in 1796 : The republican spirit is inculcated not in songs only , for in every part of the ship I find emblems purposely displayed to awaken it . All the orders relating to the discipline of the crew are hung up , and prefaced by the words Liberté , Égalité , Fraternité , ou la Mort , written in capital letters . The compatibility of liberté and égalité was not doubted in the first days of the Revolution , and the problem of the antecedence of one term on the other not lifted . Thus , the Abbé Sieyès considered that only liberty ensured equality , unless the latter was to be the equality of all dominated by a despot ; while liberty followed equality ensured by the rule of law . The abstract generality of law ( theorized by Jean - Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract ) thus ensured the identification of liberty to equality , liberty being negatively defined as an independence from arbitrary rule , and equality considered abstractly in its judicial form . This identification of liberty and equality became problematic during the Jacobin period , when equality was redefined ( for instance by François - Noël Babeuf ) as equality of results , and not only judicial equality of rights . Thus , Marc Antoine Baudot considered that French temperament inclined rather to equality than liberty , a theme which would be re-used by Pierre Louis Roederer and Alexis de Tocqueville , while Jacques Necker considered that an equal society could only be found on coercion . The third term , fraternité , was the most problematic to insert in the triad , as it belonged to another sphere , that of moral obligations rather than rights , links rather than statutes , harmony rather than contract , and community rather than individuality . Various interpretations of fraternité existed . The first one , according to Mona Ozouf , was one of `` fraternité de rébellion '' ( Fraternity of Rebellion ) , that is the union of the deputies in the Jeu de Paume Oath of June 1789 , refusing the dissolution ordered by the King Louis XVI : `` We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly , and to reassemble wherever circumstances require , until the constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations . '' Fraternity was thus issued from Liberty and oriented by a common cause . Another form of fraternité was that of the patriotic Church , which identified social link with religious link and based fraternity on Christian brotherhood . In this second sense , fraternité preceded both liberté and égalité , instead of following them as in the first sense . Thus , two senses of Fraternity : `` one , that followed liberty and equality , was the object of a free pact ; the other preceded liberty and equality as the mark on its work of the divine craftsman . '' Another hesitation concerning the compatibility of the three terms arose from the opposition between liberty and equality as individualistic values , and fraternity as the realization of a happy community , devoided of any conflicts and opposed to any form of egotism . This fusional interpretation of Fraternity opposed it to the project of individual autonomy and manifested the precedence of Fraternity on individual will . In this sense , it was sometimes associated with death , as in Fraternité , ou la Mort ! ( Fraternity or Death ! ) , excluding liberty and even equality , by establishing a strong dichotomy between those who were brothers and those who were not ( in the sense of `` you are with me or against me '' , brother or foe ) . Louis de Saint - Just thus stigmatized Anarchasis Cloots ' cosmopolitanism , declaring `` Cloots liked the universe , except France . '' With Thermidor and the execution of Robespierre , fraternité disappeared from the slogan , reduced to the two terms of liberty and equality , re-defined again as simple judicial equality and not as the equality upheld by the sentiment of fraternity . The First Consul ( Napoleon Bonaparte ) then established the motto liberté , ordre public ( liberty , public order ) . 19th century ( edit ) Following Napoleon 's rule , the triptych dissolved itself , as none believed possible to conciliate individual liberty and equality of rights with equality of results and fraternity . The idea of individual sovereignty and of natural rights possessed by man before being united in the collectivity contradicted the possibility of establishing a transparent and fraternal community . Liberals accepted liberty and equality , defining the latter as equality of rights and ignoring fraternity . Early Socialists rejected an independent conception of liberty , opposed to the social , and also despised equality , as they considered , as Fourier , that one had only to orchestrate individual discordances , to harmonize them , or they believed , as Saint - Simon , that equality contradicted equity by a brutal levelling of individualities . Utopian Socialism thus only cared about Fraternity , which was , in Cabet 's Icarie the sole commandment . This opposition between liberals and socialists was mirrored in rival historical interpretations of the Revolution , liberals admiring 1789 , and Socialists 1793 . The July Revolution of 1830 , establishing a constitutional monarchy headed by Louis - Philippe , substituted ordre et liberté ( order and liberty ) to the Napoleonic motto Liberté , Ordre public . Despite this apparent disappearance of the triptych , the latter was still being thought in some underground circles , in Republican secret societies , masonic lodges such as the `` Indivisible Trinity , '' far - left booklets or during the Canuts Revolt in Lyon . In 1834 , the lawyer of the Society of the Rights of Man ( Société des droits de l'homme ) , Dupont , a liberal sitting in the far - left during the July Monarchy , associated the three terms together in the Revue Républicaine which he edited : Any man aspires to liberty , to equality , but he can not achieve it without the assistance of other men , without fraternity The triptych resurfaced during the 1847 Campagne des Banquets , upheld for example in Lille by Ledru - Rollin . Two interpretations had attempted to conciliate the three terms , beyond the antagonism between liberals and socialists . One was upheld by Catholic traditionalists , such as Chateaubriand or Ballanche , the other by socialist and republicans such as Pierre Leroux . Chateaubriand thus gave a Christian interpretation of the revolutionary motto , stating in the 1841 conclusion to his Mémoires d'outre - tombe : Far from being at its term , the religion of the Liberator is now only just entering its third phase , the political period , liberty , equality , fraternity Neither Chateaubriand nor Ballanche considered the three terms to be antagonistic . Rather , they took them for being the achievement of Christianity . On the other hand , Pierre Leroux did not disguise the difficulties of associating the three terms , but superated it by considering liberty as the aim , equality as the principle and fraternity as the means . Leroux thus ordered the motto as Liberty , Fraternity , Equality , an order also supported by Christian socialists , such as Buchez . Against this new order of the triptych , Michelet supported the traditional order , maintaining the primordial importance of an original individualistic right . Michelet attempted to conciliate a rational communication with a fraternal communication , `` right beyond right '' , and thus the rival traditions of Socialism and Liberalism . The Republican tradition would strongly inspire itself from Michelet 's synchretism . 1848 Revolution ( edit ) Liberté , égalité , fraternité on French coins 5 - franc piece , 1849 20 - franc piece , 1851 With the 1848 February Revolution , the motto was officially adopted , mainly under the pressure of the people who had attempted to impose the red flag over the tricolor flag ( the 1791 red flag was , however , the symbol of martial law and of order , not of insurrection ) . Lamartine opposed popular aspirations , and in exchange of the maintaining of the tricolor flag , conceded the Republican motto of Liberté , Égalité , Fraternité , written on the flag , on which a red rosette was also to be added . Fraternity was then considered to resume and to contain both Liberty and Equality , being a form of civil religion ( which , far from opposing itself to Christianity , was associated with it in 1848 ) establishing social link ( as called for by Rousseau in the conclusion of the Social Contract ) . However , Fraternity was not devoid of its previous sense of opposition between brothers and foes , images of blood haunting revolutionary Christian publications , taking in Lamennais ' themes . Thus , the newspaper Le Christ républicain ( The Republican Christ ) developed the idea of the Christ bringing forth peace to the poor and war to the rich . As soon as 6 January 1852 , the future Napoleon III , first President of the Republic , ordered all prefects to erase the triptych from all official documents and buildings , conflated with insurrection and disorder . Auguste Comte applauded Napoleon , claiming equality to be the `` symbol of metaphysical anarchism '' , and preferring to it his diptych `` ordre et progrès '' ( `` order and progress '' , which would then become the motto of Brazil , Ordem e Progresso ) . On the other hand , Proudhon criticized fraternity as an empty word , which he associated with idealistic dreams of Romanticism . He preferred to it the sole term of liberty . Paris Commune and Third Republic ( edit ) Pache , mayor of the Paris Commune , painted the formula `` Liberté , Égalité , Fraternité , ou la mort '' on the walls of the commune . It was only under the Third Republic that the motto was made official . It was then not dissociated with insurrection and revolutionary ardours , Opportunist Republicans such as Jules Ferry or Gambetta adapting it to the new political conditions . Larousse 's Dictionnaire universel deprived fraternity of its `` evangelistic halo '' ( Mona Ozouf ) , conflating it with solidarity and the welfare role of the state . Some still opposed the Republican motto , such as the nationalist Charles Maurras in his Dictionnaire politique et critique , who claimed liberty to be an empty dream , equality an insanity , and only kept fraternity . Charles Péguy , renewing with Lamennais ' thought , kept fraternity and liberty , excluding equality , seen as an abstract repartition between individuals reduced to homogeneity , opposing `` fraternity '' as a sentiment put in motion by `` misery '' , while equality only interested itself , according to him , to the mathematical solution of the problem of `` poverty . '' Péguy identified Christian charity and socialist solidarity in this conception of fraternity . On the other hand , Georges Vacher de Lapouge , the most important French author of pseudo-scientific racism and supporter of eugenism , completely rejected the Republican triptych , adopting another motto , `` déterminisme , inégalité , sélection '' ( determinism , inequality , selection ) . But , according to Ozouf , the sole use of a triptych was the sign of the influence of the Republican motto , despite it being corrupted in its opposite . 20th century ( edit ) During the German occupation of France in World War II , this motto was replaced by the reactionary phrase `` travail , famille , patrie '' ( work , family , fatherland ) by Marshal Pétain , who became the leader of the new Vichy French government in 1940 . Pétain had taken this motto from the colonel de la Rocque 's Parti social français ( PSF ) , although the latter considered it more appropriate for a movement than for a regime . Following the Liberation , the Provisional Government of the French Republic ( GPRF ) re-established the Republican motto Liberté , égalité , fraternité , which is incorporated into both the 1946 and the 1958 French constitutions . Other nations ( edit ) Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of `` liberty , equality , and fraternity '' as an ideal . These words appear in the preamble to the Constitution of India , enforced in 1950 . Since its founding , `` Liberty , Equality and Brotherhood '' has been the lemma of the Social Democratic Party of Denmark . In the United Kingdom the political party the Liberal Democrats refer to `` the fundamental values of liberty , equality and community '' in the preamble of the party 's Federal Constitution , and this is printed on party membership cards . The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of a white equilateral triangle , symbolizing liberty , equality , and fraternity ; a horizontal blue stripe for peace , truth , and justice ; and a horizontal red stripe for patriotism and valor . In the center of the white triangle is an eight - rayed golden sun symbolizing unity , freedom , people 's democracy , and sovereignty . The idea of the slogan `` Liberty , Equality , Fraternity '' has also given an influence as natural law to the First Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights . They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood . Culture ( edit ) Tympanum of a state - owned church At one point the motto was used to mark churches which were controlled by the state , rather than the Catholic Church . Some former colonies of the French Republic ( such as Haiti , Chad , Niger , and Gabon ) have adopted similar three - word mottos . The terms are also referred to in the film trilogy Three Colors by Krzysztof Kieślowski . See also ( edit ) Give me liberty or give me death Life , liberty , and property Brotherhood and unity Travail , Famille , Patrie - the national motto of Vichy France Salazar 's Estado Novo 's motto Deus , Pátria e Familia ( meaning `` God , Fatherland , and Family '' ) Notes ( edit ) Jump up ^ French : `` Les hommes de tous les pays sont frères , celui qui opprime une seule nation se déclare l'ennemi de toutes . '' Jump up ^ French : `` Tout homme aspire à la liberté , à l'égalité , mais on ne peut y atteindre sans le secours des autres hommes , sans la fraternité . '' Jump up ^ French : `` Loin d'être à son terme , la religion du Libérateur entre à peine dans sa troisième période , la période politique , liberté , égalité , fraternité . '' References ( edit ) ^ Jump up to : `` Liberty , Égalité , Fraternité '' . Embassy of France in the US . Retrieved 2014 - 09 - 18 . ^ Jump up to : Ozouf , Mona ( 1997 ) , `` Liberté , égalité , fraternité stands for peace country and war '' , in Nora , Pierre , Lieux de Mémoire ( Places of memory ) ( in French ) , tome III , Quarto Gallimard , pp. 4353 -- 89 ( abridged translation , Realms of Memory , Columbia University Press , 1996 -- 98 ) . Jump up ^ Robespierre , Maximilien ( 1950 ) . OEUVRES DE MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE . Tome VI . PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DE FRANCE . p. 643 . Retrieved 19 September 2014 . Jump up ^ From Robespierre 's speech to the National Assembly on 5 December 1790 . Cited in Triomphe et mort du droit naturel en Révolution , 1789 - 1795 - 1802 , Florence Gauthier , éd . PUF / pratiques théoriques , 1992 , p. 129 Jump up ^ Latham , Edward ( 1906 ) . Famous Sayings and Their Authors . London : Swan Sonnenschein . p. 147 . OCLC 4697187 . Jump up ^ de Barante , Amable Guillaume P. Brugière ( 1851 ) . Histoire de la Convention nationale ( History of the National convention ) ( in French ) . Langlois & Leclercq . p. 322 . Retrieved 31 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Thacher , John Boyd ( 1905 ) . Outlines of the French revolution told in autographs . Weed - Parsons Printing Co. p. 8 . Retrieved 31 August 2011 . Jump up ^ Ellis ; Esler , `` The Modern Era '' , World History ( textbook ) . Jump up ^ Tench , Watkin ( 1796 ) , Letters Written in France : To a Friend in London , Between the Month of November 1794 , and the Month of May 1795 , London : J Johnson , p. 15 . Jump up ^ `` The symbols of the Republic and Bastille Day '' . French Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Retrieved 2006 - 04 - 20 . Jump up ^ Le Christ républicain n ° 7 , quoted by Mona Ozouf : `` Nous , pauvres prolétaires , nous sommes rouges , parce que le Christ a versé son sang pour nous racheter , son sang par lequel nous voulons nous régénérer . Nous sommes rouges , parce que l'ange exterminateur a marqué le haut de nos portes avec le sang de l'agneau , pour distinguer , au jour de la vengeance , les élus d'avec les réprouvés . Jump up ^ `` Bandeiras e significados '' ( Flags & meanings ) , História net ( in Portuguese ) , retrieved 2010 - 10 - 09 . Jump up ^ `` Vichy Government '' . World History . DE : KMLA . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 01 . Jump up ^ `` Federal Constitution '' . UK : Liberal Democrats . Retrieved 2011 - 08 - 22 . Jump up ^ `` Article 1 '' , The Universal Declaration of Human Rights . External links ( edit ) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberté , égalité , fraternité . Slogan of the French Republic -- Official French website ( in English ) La fraternité comme unité et cohésion de la société ) French Revolution Causes Timeline Ancien Régime Revolution Constitutional monarchy Republic Directory Consulate Glossary Journals Museum Significant civil and political events by year 1788 Day of the Tiles ( 7 Jun 1788 ) Assembly of Vizille ( 21 Jul 1788 ) 1789 What Is the Third Estate ? ( Jan 1789 ) Réveillon riots ( 28 Apr 1789 ) Convocation of the Estates - General ( 5 May 1789 ) National Assembly ( 17 Jun -- 9 Jul 1790 ) Tennis Court Oath ( 20 Jun 1789 ) National Constituent Assembly ( 9 Jul -- 30 Sep 1791 ) Storming of the Bastille ( 14 Jul 1789 ) Great Fear ( 20 Jul -- 5 Aug 1789 ) Abolition of Feudalism ( 4 - 11 Aug 1789 ) Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( 27 Aug 1789 ) Women 's March on Versailles ( 5 Oct 1789 ) 1790 Abolition of the Parlements ( Feb -- Jul 1790 ) Abolition of the Nobility ( 19 Jun 1790 ) Civil Constitution of the Clergy ( 12 Jul 1790 ) Fête de la Fédération ( 14 Jul 1790 ) 1791 Flight to Varennes ( 20 -- 21 Jun 1791 ) Champ de Mars Massacre ( 17 Jul 1791 ) Declaration of Pillnitz ( 27 Aug 1791 ) The Constitution of 1791 ( 3 Sep 1791 ) Legislative Assembly ( 1 Oct 1791 -- Sep 1792 ) 1792 France declares war ( 20 Apr 1792 ) Brunswick Manifesto ( 25 Jul 1792 ) Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary ( Jun 1792 ) 10th of August ( 10 Aug 1792 ) September Massacres ( Sep 1792 ) National Convention ( 20 Sep 1792 -- 26 Oct 1795 ) First republic declared ( 22 Sep 1792 ) 1793 Execution of Louis XVI ( 21 Jan 1793 ) Revolutionary Tribunal ( 9 Mar 1793 -- 31 May 1795 ) Reign of Terror ( 27 Jun 1793 -- 27 Jul 1794 ) Committee of Public Safety Committee of General Security Fall of the Girondists ( 2 Jun 1793 ) Assassination of Marat ( 13 Jul 1793 ) Levée en masse ( 23 Aug 1793 ) The Death of Marat ( painting ) Law of Suspects ( 17 Sep 1793 ) Marie Antoinette is guillotined ( 16 Oct 1793 ) Anti-clerical laws ( throughout the year ) 1794 Danton and Desmoulins guillotined ( 5 Apr 1794 ) Law of 22 Prairial ( 10 Jun 1794 ) Thermidorian Reaction ( 27 Jul 1794 ) Robespierre guillotined ( 28 Jul 1794 ) White Terror ( Fall 1794 ) Closing of the Jacobin Club ( 11 Nov 1794 ) 1795 Constitution of the Year III ( 22 Aug 1795 ) Conspiracy of the Equals ( Nov 1795 ) Directoire ( 1795 -- 99 ) Council of Five Hundred Council of Ancients 13 Vendémiaire 5 Oct 1795 1797 Coup of 18 Fructidor ( 4 Sep 1797 ) Second Congress of Rastatt ( Dec 1797 ) 1799 Coup of 30 Prairial VII ( 18 Jun 1799 ) Coup of 18 Brumaire ( 9 Nov 1799 ) Constitution of the Year VIII ( 24 Dec 1799 ) Consulate Revolutionary campaigns 1792 Verdun Thionville Valmy Royalist Revolts Chouannerie Vendée Dauphiné Lille Siege of Mainz Jemappes Namur ( fr ) 1793 First Coalition Siege of Toulon ( 18 Sep -- 18 Dec 1793 ) War in the Vendée Battle of Neerwinden ) Battle of Famars ( 23 May 1793 ) Expédition de Sardaigne ( 21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793 ) Battle of Kaiserslautern Siege of Mainz Battle of Wattignies Battle of Hondschoote Siege of Bellegarde Battle of Peyrestortes ( Pyrenees ) First Battle of Wissembourg ( 13 Oct 1793 ) Battle of Truillas ( Pyrenees ) Second Battle of Wissembourg ( 26 -- 27 Dec 1793 ) 1794 Battle of Villers - en - Cauchies ( 24 Apr 1794 ) Battle of Boulou ( Pyrenees ) ( 30 Apr -- 1 May 1794 ) Battle of Tournay ( 22 May 1794 ) Battle of Fleurus ( 26 Jun 1794 ) Chouannerie Battle of Tourcoing ( 18 May 1794 ) Battle of Aldenhoven ( 2 Oct 1794 ) 1795 Peace of Basel 1796 Battle of Lonato ( 3 -- 4 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Castiglione ( 5 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Theiningen Battle of Neresheim ( 11 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Amberg ( 24 Aug 1796 ) Battle of Würzburg ( 3 Sep 1796 ) Battle of Rovereto ( 4 Sep 1796 ) First Battle of Bassano ( 8 Sep 1796 ) Battle of Emmendingen ( 19 Oct 1796 ) Battle of Schliengen ( 26 Oct 1796 ) Second Battle of Bassano ( 6 Nov 1796 ) Battle of Calliano ( 6 -- 7 Nov 1796 ) Battle of the Bridge of Arcole ( 15 -- 17 Nov 1796 ) The Ireland Expedition ( Dec 1796 ) 1797 Naval Engagement off Brittany ( 13 Jan 1797 ) Battle of Rivoli ( 14 -- 15 Jan 1797 ) Battle of the Bay of Cádiz ( 25 Jan 1797 ) Treaty of Leoben ( 17 Apr 1797 ) Battle of Neuwied ( 18 Apr 1797 ) Treaty of Campo Formio ( 17 Oct 1797 ) 1798 French invasion of Switzerland ( 28 January -- 17 May 1798 ) French Invasion of Egypt ( 1798 -- 1801 ) Irish Rebellion of 1798 ( 23 May -- 23 Sep 1798 ) Quasi-War ( 1798 -- 1800 ) Peasants ' War ( 12 Oct -- 5 Dec 1798 ) 1799 Second Coalition ( 1798 -- 1802 ) Siege of Acre ( 20 Mar -- 21 May 1799 ) Battle of Ostrach ( 20 -- 21 Mar 1799 ) Battle of Stockach ( 25 Mar 1799 ) Battle of Magnano ( 5 Apr 1799 ) Battle of Cassano ( 27 Apr 1799 ) First Battle of Zurich ( 4 -- 7 Jun 1799 ) Battle of Trebbia ( 19 Jun 1799 ) Battle of Novi ( 15 Aug 1799 ) Second Battle of Zurich ( 25 -- 26 Sep 1799 ) 1800 Battle of Marengo ( 14 Jun 1800 ) Battle of Hohenlinden ( 3 Dec 1800 ) League of Armed Neutrality ( 1800 -- 02 ) 1801 Treaty of Lunéville ( 9 Feb 1801 ) Treaty of Florence ( 18 Mar 1801 ) Algeciras Campaign ( 8 Jul 1801 ) 1802 Treaty of Amiens ( 25 Mar 1802 ) Military leaders French Army Eustache Charles d'Aoust Pierre Augereau Alexandre de Beauharnais Jean - Baptiste Bernadotte Louis - Alexandre Berthier Jean - Baptiste Bessières Guillaume - Marie - Anne Brune Jean François Carteaux Jean Étienne Championnet Chapuis de Tourville Adam Philippe , Comte de Custine Louis - Nicolas Davout Louis Desaix Jacques François Dugommier Thomas - Alexandre Dumas Charles François Dumouriez Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino Louis - Charles de Flers Paul Grenier Emmanuel de Grouchy Jacques Maurice Hatry Lazare Hoche Jean - Baptiste Jourdan François Christophe de Kellermann Jean - Baptiste Kléber Pierre Choderlos de Laclos Jean Lannes Charles Leclerc Claude Lecourbe François Joseph Lefebvre Jacques MacDonald Jean - Antoine Marbot Jean Baptiste de Marbot François Séverin Marceau - Desgraviers Auguste de Marmont André Masséna Bon - Adrien Jeannot de Moncey Jean Victor Marie Moreau Édouard Mortier , duc de Trévise Joachim Murat Michel Ney Pierre - Jacques Osten ( fr ) Nicolas Oudinot Catherine - Dominique de Pérignon Jean - Charles Pichegru Józef Poniatowski Laurent de Gouvion Saint - Cyr Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer Jean - Mathieu - Philibert Sérurier Joseph Souham Jean - de-Dieu Soult Louis - Gabriel Suchet Belgrand de Vaubois Claude Victor - Perrin , Duc de Belluno French Navy Charles - Alexandre Linois Opposition Austria József Alvinczi Archduke Charles , Duke of Teschen Count of Clerfayt ( Walloon ) Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze ( Swiss ) Friedrich Adolf , Count von Kalckreuth Pál Kray ( Hungarian ) Charles Eugene , Prince of Lambesc ( French ) Maximilian Baillet de Latour ( Walloon ) Karl Mack von Leiberich Rudolf Ritter von Otto ( Saxon ) Prince Josias of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss - Plauen Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló ( Hungarian ) Karl Philipp Sebottendorf Dagobert von Wurmser Britain Sir Ralph Abercromby Admiral Sir James Saumarez Admiral Sir Edward Pellew Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany Dutch Republic William V , Prince of Orange Prussia Charles William Ferdinand , Duke of Brunswick - Wolfenbüttel Frederick Louis , Prince of Hohenlohe - Ingelfingen Russia Alexander Korsakov Alexander Suvorov Spain Luis Firmin de Carvajal Antonio Ricardos Other significant figures and factions Society of 1789 Jean Sylvain Bailly Gilbert du Motier , Marquis de Lafayette François Alexandre Frédéric , duc de la Rochefoucauld - Liancourt Isaac René Guy le Chapelier Honoré Gabriel Riqueti , comte de Mirabeau Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès Charles - Maurice de Talleyrand - Périgord Nicolas de Condorcet Feuillants and monarchiens Madame de Lamballe Madame du Barry Louis de Breteuil Loménie de Brienne Charles Alexandre de Calonne de Chateaubriand Jean Chouan Grace Elliott Arnaud de La Porte Jean - Sifrein Maury Jacques Necker François - Marie , marquis de Barthélemy Guillaume - Mathieu Dumas Antoine Barnave Lafayette Alexandre - Théodore - Victor , comte de Lameth Charles Malo François Lameth André Chénier Jean - François Rewbell Camille Jordan Madame de Staël Boissy d'Anglas Jean - Charles Pichegru Pierre Paul Royer - Collard Girondists Jacques Pierre Brissot Roland de La Platière Madame Roland Father Henri Grégoire Étienne Clavière Marquis de Condorcet Charlotte Corday Marie Jean Hérault Jean Baptiste Treilhard Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve Jean Debry Jean - Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil Olympe de Gouges Jean - Baptiste Robert Lindet Louis Marie de La Révellière - Lépeaux The Plain Abbé Sieyès de Cambacérès Charles François Lebrun Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot Philippe Égalité Louis Philippe I Mirabeau Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville Jean Joseph Mounier Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours François de Neufchâteau Montagnards Maximilien Robespierre Georges Danton Jean - Paul Marat Camille Desmoulins Louis Antoine de Saint - Just Paul Nicolas , vicomte de Barras Louis Philippe I Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint - Fargeau Jacques - Louis David Marquis de Sade Georges Couthon Roger Ducos Jean - Marie Collot d'Herbois Jean - Henri Voulland Philippe - Antoine Merlin de Douai Antoine Quentin Fouquier - Tinville Philippe - François - Joseph Le Bas Marc - Guillaume Alexis Vadier Jean - Pierre - André Amar Prieur de la Côte - d'Or Prieur de la Marne Gilbert Romme Jean Bon Saint - André Jean - Lambert Tallien Pierre Louis Prieur Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac Antoine Christophe Saliceti Hébertists and Enragés Jacques Hébert Jacques Nicolas Billaud - Varenne Pierre Gaspard Chaumette Charles - Philippe Ronsin Antoine - François Momoro François - Nicolas Vincent François Chabot Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte Jean - Baptiste - Joseph Gobel François Hanriot Jacques Roux Stanislas - Marie Maillard Charles - Philippe Ronsin Jean - François Varlet Theophile Leclerc Claire Lacombe Pauline Léon Gracchus Babeuf Sylvain Maréchal Others Charles X Louis XVI Louis XVII Louis XVIII Louis Antoine , Duke of Enghien Louis Henri , Prince of Condé Louis Joseph , Prince of Condé Marie Antoinette Napoléon Bonaparte Lucien Bonaparte Joseph Bonaparte Joseph Fesch Joséphine de Beauharnais Joachim Murat Jean Sylvain Bailly Jacques - Donatien Le Ray Guillaume - Chrétien de Malesherbes Talleyrand Thérésa Tallien Gui - Jean - Baptiste Target Catherine Théot List of people associated with the French Revolution Influential thinkers Les Lumières Beaumarchais Edmund Burke Anacharsis Cloots Charles - Augustin de Coulomb Pierre Claude François Daunou Diderot Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson Antoine Lavoisier Montesquieu Thomas Paine Jean - Jacques Rousseau Abbé Sieyès Voltaire Mary Wollstonecraft Cultural impact La Marseillaise French Tricolour Liberté , égalité , fraternité Marianne Bastille Day Panthéon French Republican Calendar Cult of the Supreme Being Cult of Reason Temple of Reason Sans - culottes Metric system Phrygian cap Women in the French Revolution Symbolism in the French Revolution Historiography of the French Revolution Influence of the French Revolution Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Liberté , _égalité , _fraternité&oldid = 864839964 '' Categories : French words and phrases National symbols of France National symbols of Haiti National mottos Political catchphrases Liberty symbols Human rights concepts Hidden categories : CS1 French - language sources ( fr ) CS1 Portuguese - language sources ( pt ) Articles containing French - language text Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2014 Interlanguage link template link number Use dmy dates from September 2010 Talk Contents About Wikipedia Afrikaans Aragonés Asturianu বাংলা Bân - lâm - gú Беларуская Български Boarisch Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Magyar مصرى Nederlands 日本 語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Scots Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська 中文 43 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 October 2018 , at 20 : 32 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | inspiration of liberty equality and fraternity was derived from | ['Liberté, égalité, fraternité (pronounced [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite]), French for "liberty, equality, fraternity",[1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century.[2] Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution. It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France.\n'] | ['French Revolution'] | Liberté, égalité, fraternité (pronounced [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite]), French for "liberty, equality, fraternity",[1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century.[2] Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution. It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France.
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[question]: What is the national motto of France?
[answer]: The national motto of France is "liberty, equality, fraternity" (Liberté, égalité, fraternité). | What is the national motto of France? | The national motto of France is "liberty, equality, fraternity" (Liberté, égalité, fraternité). | 1 | 7.262402 | 12 | 98 | 1 |
8,986 | 7,201,181,078,165,854,000 | General (United States) | General ( United States ) - wikipedia General ( United States ) This article is about the four - star rank . For the broader U.S. military usage , see General officers in the United States . For other uses , see General ( disambiguation ) . General Army , Air Force and Marine Corps four - star insignia of the rank of general . Shoulder four - star rank insignia of general for the above services . Country United States Service branch United States Army United States Air Force United States Marine Corps Abbreviation GEN ( Army ) or Gen ( Air Force and Marine Corps ) Rank Four - star NATO rank OF - 9 Non-NATO rank O - 10 Next higher rank General of the Army General of the Air Force Next lower rank Lieutenant general Equivalent ranks Admiral ( United States Navy and United States Coast Guard ) In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Air Force , general ( abbreviated as GEN in the Army or Gen in the Air Force and Marine Corps ) is a four - star general officer rank , with the pay grade of O - 10 . General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force ; the Marine Corps does not have an established grade above general . General is equivalent to the rank of admiral in the other uniformed services . Since the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force are reserved for wartime use only , and since the Marine Corps has no five - star equivalent , the grade of general is currently considered to be the highest appointment an officer can achieve in these three services . Contents ( hide ) 1 Address 2 Statutory limits 3 Appointment and tour length 4 Retirement 5 History and origins 6 See also 7 References Address ( edit ) Formally , the term `` General '' is always used when referring to a four - star general . However , a number of different terms may be used to refer to them informally , since lower - ranking generals may also be referred to as simply `` General '' . These may include `` Full General '' , `` Four - star General '' ( or simply four - star ) , or `` O - 10 '' ( in reference to pay grade ) . Statutory limits ( edit ) U.S. Army insignia of the rank of General . Style and method of wear may vary between the services . U.S. Marine Corps insignia of the rank of General . Style and method of wear may vary between the services . U.S. Air Force insignia of the rank of General . Style and method of wear may vary between the services . U.S. generals ' flags Rank flag of a general in the United States Army . The flag of a general of the Army Medical Department has a maroon background ; the flag of a chaplain ( general ) has a black background . The Marine Corps equivalent has 4 stars in a circular manner ; the Air Force equivalent has a blue background rather than red . Flag of a United States Marine Corps general . Flag of a United States Air Force general . The United States Code explicitly limits the total number of general officers ( termed flag officers in the Navy and Coast Guard ) that may be on active duty at any given time . The total number of active duty general officers is capped at 231 for the Army , 62 for the Marine Corps , 198 for the Air Force , and 162 for the Navy . No more than about 25 % of a service 's active duty general or flag officers may have more than two stars , and statute sets the total number of four - star officers allowed in each service . This is set at 7 four - star Army generals , 9 four - star Air Force generals , 2 four - star Marine generals , and 6 four - star Navy admirals . Several of these slots are reserved by statute . For example , the two highest - ranking members of each service ( the service chief and deputy service chief ) are designated as four - star generals . For the Army the Chief of Staff and the Vice Chief of Staff are four - star generals ; for the Marine Corps , the Commandant and the Assistant Commandant are both four - star generals ; and for the Air Force , the Chief of Staff and Vice Chief of Staff are four - star generals . In addition , for the National Guard , the Chief of the National Guard Bureau is a four - star general under active duty in the Army or Air Force . There are several exceptions to these limits allowing more than allotted within the statute : A four - star officer serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ; an officer serving as Chief of the National Guard Bureau counts only against his service 's four - star cap ; the commander of a Unified Combatant Command ; the commander of United States Forces Korea ; the deputy commander of United States European Command if their immediate commander is also the Supreme Allied Commander , Europe ; officers serving in certain intelligence positions i.e. the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency ; officers serving in four - star slots added by the President to one service which are offset by removing an equivalent number from other services . Finally , all statutory limits may be waived at the President 's discretion during time of war or national emergency . Appointment and tour length ( edit ) Four - star grades go hand - in - hand with the positions of office to which they are linked ; the active rank of four - star general can only be held for so long - though upon retirement , if satisfactory service requirements are met , the general or admiral is normally allowed to hold that rank in retirement , rather than reverting to a lower position , as was formerly usually the case . Their active rank expires with the expiration of their term of office , which is usually set by statute . Generals are nominated for appointment by the President from any eligible officers holding the rank of brigadier general or above who meet the requirements for the position , with the advice of the Secretary of Defense , service secretary ( Secretary of the Army , Secretary of the Navy , or Secretary of the Air Force ) , and if applicable the Joint Chiefs of Staff . For some positions , statute allows the President to waive those requirements for a nominee deemed to serve national interests . The nominee must be confirmed by the United States Senate before the appointee can take office and assume the rank . Four - star ranks may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare . The standard tour for most four - star positions is three years , bundled as a two - year term plus a one - year extension , with the following exceptions : Service chiefs serve for four years in one four - year term . Service vice chiefs serve for a nominal four years , but are commonly reassigned after one or two years . The Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps serves for two years . The Chief of the National Guard Bureau serves a nominal four years . Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved , within statutory limits , by their respective service secretaries , the Secretary of Defense , the President , or Congress but these are rare , as they block other officers from being promoted . Some statutory limits can be waived in times of national emergency or war . Retirement ( edit ) Other than voluntary retirement , statute sets a number of mandates for retirement . A four - star general must retire after 40 years of service unless he or she is reappointed to serve longer . Otherwise all general officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday . However , the Secretary of Defense can defer a four - star officer 's retirement until the officer 's 66th birthday and the President can defer it until the officer 's 68th birthday . General officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits , so as not to impede the career paths of more junior officers . Since only a limited number of four - star slots are available to each service , typically one officer must leave office before another can be promoted . Maintaining a four - star rank is a game of musical chairs : once an officer vacates a position bearing that rank , he or she has no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance before he or she must involuntarily retire . Historically , officers leaving four - star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two - star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement , but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow . To retire at four - star grade , an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active duty service in that grade , as certified by the Secretary of Defense . The Secretary of Defense may reduce this requirement to two years , but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct . Officers who do not meet the service - in - grade requirement revert to the next highest grade in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months . It is extraordinarily rare for a four - star officer not to retire in that grade . Four - star officers typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates . Officers retire on the first day of the month , so once a retirement month has been selected , the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer . During this period , termed transition leave or terminal leave , the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty . History and origins ( edit ) Main article : General officers in the United States See also ( edit ) United States Army portal United States Marine Corps portal United States Air Force portal List of active duty United States four - star officers List of United States Army four - star generals List of United States Marine Corps four - star generals List of United States Air Force four - star generals List of United States military leaders by rank United States Army officer rank insignia United States Marine Corps officer rank insignia United States Air Force officer rank insignia Staff ( military ) References ( edit ) Jump up ^ 10 USC 526 . Authorized strength : general and flag officers on active duty . ^ Jump up to : 10 USC 525 . Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades . Jump up ^ 10 USC 10502 Chief of the National Guard Bureau : appointment ; adviser on National Guard matters ; grade ; succession . ^ Jump up to : 10 USC 604 Senior joint officer positions : recommendations to the Secretary of Defense Jump up ^ 10 USC 528 Officers serving in certain intelligence positions : military status ; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations ; pay and allowances Jump up ^ 10 USC 527 Authority to suspend sections 523 , 525 , and 526 ^ Jump up to : 10 USC 601 Positions of importance and responsibility : generals and lieutenant generals ; admirals and vice admirals Jump up ^ 10 164 Commanders of combatant commands : assignment ; powers and duties Jump up ^ 10 USC 636 Retirement for years of service : regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral ( lower half ) ^ Jump up to : 10 USC 1253 Age 64 : regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades ; exception ^ Jump up to : DoD News Briefing on Thursday , June 6 , 1996 Retirement of Admiral Leighton W. Smith , Jr . Jump up ^ 10 USC 1370 Commissioned officers : general rule ; exceptions United States uniformed services commissioned officer and officer candidate ranks Pay grade / branch of service Officer candidate O - 1 O - 2 O - 3 O - 4 O - 5 O - 6 O - 7 O - 8 O - 9 O - 10 O - 11 Special grade Insignia ( 2 ) Army CDT / OC 2LT 1LT CPT MAJ LTC COL BG MG LTG GEN GA GAS Marine Corps Midn / Cand 2ndLt 1stLt Capt Maj LtCol Col BGen MajGen LtGen Gen Navy MIDN / OC ENS LTJG LT LCDR CDR CAPT RDML RADM VADM ADM FADM AN Air Force Cadet / OT / OC 2d Lt 1st Lt Capt Maj Lt Col Col Brig Gen Maj Gen Lt Gen Gen GAF Coast Guard CDT / OC ENS LTJG LT LCDR CDR CAPT RDML RADM VADM ADM PHS Corps ENS LTJG LT LCDR CDR CAPT RADM RADM VADM ADM NOAA Corps OC ENS LTJG LT LCDR CDR CAPT RDML RADM VADM No universal insignia for officer candidate rank ; Navy candidate insignia shown Official 1945 proposal for General of the Armies insignia ; John J. Pershing 's GAS insignia : ; George Dewey 's Admiral of the Navy insignia : Rank used for specific officers in wartime only , not permanent addition to rank structure Grade is authorized by the U.S. Code for use but has not been created Grade has never been created or authorized USAF and U.S. Army insignia shown United States warrant officer ranks W - 1 W - 2 W - 3 W - 4 W - 5 Army WO1 CW2 CW3 CW4 CW5 Marine Corps WO1 CWO2 CWO3 CWO4 CWO5 Navy WO1 CWO2 CWO3 CWO4 CWO5 Air Force WO1 CWO2 CWO3 CWO4 CWO5 Coast Guard WO1 CWO2 CWO3 CWO4 PHS Corps NOAA Corps Grade inactive Grade is authorized for use by U.S. Code but has not been created Grade never created or authorized Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_(United_States)&oldid=838523527 '' Categories : Military ranks of the United States Army United States Marine Corps ranks Officer ranks of the United States Air Force 4 star officers Hidden categories : All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016 All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from September 2017 Talk Contents About Wikipedia فارسی Français Norsk Русский Slovenščina کوردی Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 15 : 22 ( UTC ) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | what is the highest number of stars a general can have | ['In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, general (abbreviated as GEN in the Army or Gen in the Air Force and Marine Corps) is a four-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-10. General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force; the Marine Corps does not have an established grade above general. General is equivalent to the rank of admiral in the other uniformed services. Since the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force are reserved for wartime use only, and since the Marine Corps has no five-star equivalent, the grade of general is currently considered to be the highest appointment an officer can achieve in these three services.\n'] | ['four'] | In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, general (abbreviated as GEN in the Army or Gen in the Air Force and Marine Corps) is a four-star general officer rank, with the pay grade of O-10. General ranks above lieutenant general and below General of the Army or General of the Air Force; the Marine Corps does not have an established grade above general. General is equivalent to the rank of admiral in the other uniformed services. Since the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force are reserved for wartime use only, and since the Marine Corps has no five-star equivalent, the grade of general is currently considered to be the highest appointment an officer can achieve in these three services.
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[question]: What is the pay grade of a general in the United States Army?
[answer]: The pay grade of a general in the United States Army is O-10. | What is the pay grade of a general in the United States Army? | The pay grade of a general in the United States Army is O-10. | 1 | 7.261561 | 13 | 132 | 1 |
19,163 | 5,220,371,475,052,460,000 | Knight Rider (franchise) | Knight Rider ( franchise ) - wikipedia Knight Rider ( franchise ) Jump to : navigation , search It has been requested that the title of this article be changed to Knight Rider . Please see the relevant discussion on the discussion page . Do not move the page until the discussion has reached consensus for the change and is closed . ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . The specific problem is : empty sections Please help improve this article if you can . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . ( March 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Knight Rider Franchise logo Created by Glen A. Larson Original work Original series ( 1982 ) Films and television Film ( s ) Knight Rider 2000 ( 1991 ) Knight Rider 2010 ( 1994 ) Knight Rider ( 2008 ) Television series Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) Code of Vengeance ( 1985 -- 1986 ) Knight Rider is an American entertainment franchise created by Glen A. Larson . The core of Knight Rider is its three television series : Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) ; Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) ; and Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) . The franchise also includes three television films , computer and video games , and novels , as well as KnightCon , a Knight Rider convention . Beginning with the original television series and continuing with the subsequent films and series , the franchise has developed a cult following and spawned many pop culture references . The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight , a modern - day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced , artificially intelligent automobile . This car is virtually indestructible , due to a high - tech coating applied to it . This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC . These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short - lived Team Knight Rider . One other television movie , Knight Rider , served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider . In 1985 , a spin - off series , Code of Vengeance , also premiered . Contents ( hide ) 1 Conception and setting 2 Television series 2.1 Main series 2.1. 1 Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) 2.1. 2 Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) 2.1. 3 Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) 2.1. 4 Knight Rider ( 2017 ) 2.2 Spin - off series 2.2. 1 Code of Vengeance ( 1985 -- 1986 ) 3 Television films 4 Spin - off media 5 References Conception and setting ( edit ) Knight Rider stories usually depict either average citizens , or ethical heads of corporations , being bullied into subservience to an overbearing or ruthless criminal organization . The protagonist ( s ) of each particular series is instructed by the Foundation for Law and Government ( FLAG ) to assist in some manner . The protagonist ( s ) has the assistance of a high - tech , self - aware , and nearly indestructible vehicle . Television series ( edit ) Three television series make up the bulk of the Knight Rider mythos : Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) , Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) , and Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) . There also was a spin - off series , Code of Vengeance , that ran for one season ( 1985 -- 1986 ) . In total , 133 Knight Rider episodes have been produced across the 7 seasons of the four various TV series . Main series ( edit ) Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) Main article : Knight Rider ( 1982 TV series ) This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( March 2012 ) The original Knight Rider series saw Michael Knight , a crime fighter who uses a high tech , artificially intelligent automobile , the Knight Industries Two Thousand ( KITT ) . This car is a virtually indestructible weapon that fights for justice . Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) ( edit ) Main article : Team Knight Rider This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( March 2012 ) This series , set ten years after the original series , sees that the Foundation of Law and Government ( FLAG ) has used a team of five `` highly skilled operatives '' to do the job that Michael Knight used to do . They each drive a high tech vehicle . Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) ( edit ) Main article : Knight Rider ( 2008 TV series ) This series followed Michael Traceur , the estranged son of Michael Knight , as he takes up the mantle of the FLAG driver . This time , he is driving the Knight Industries Three Thousand , also known as `` KITT '' . The series stars Justin Bruening as Mike Traceur , the estranged son of Michael Knight , and Deanna Russo as Sarah Graiman , Traceur 's former girlfriend and love interest . Sarah is the daughter of Charles Graiman . Graiman , played by Bruce Davison , is the creator of a new generation of KITT ( Knight Industries Three Thousand ) , which is voiced by Val Kilmer . The series was in production for just one season . Knight Rider ( 2017 ) ( edit ) It was announced that Machinima , YOMYOMF and NBCUniversal Brand Development are developing a Knight Rider reboot with Justin Lin producing and directing the series . Spin - off series ( edit ) Code of Vengeance ( 1985 -- 1986 ) ( edit ) Main article : Code of Vengeance This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( March 2012 ) The Knight Rider episode `` Mouth of the Snake '' , was a backdoor pilot for this series . In it , David Dalton , a Vietnam veteran - turned - drifter , travels across the United States in a camper van , with only his dog for company . Dalton involves himself in the personal lives of people he meets . In a similar fashion to Knight Rider , he uses his fighting skills to help them gain justice over their enemies . Television films ( edit ) Main articles : Knight Rider 2000 , Knight Rider 2010 , and Knight Rider ( 2008 film ) Number Title Original air date Knight Rider 2000 May 19 , 1991 Knight Rider 2010 February 13 , 1994 Knight Rider February 17 , 2008 Spin - off media ( edit ) The Knight Rider franchise has a number of novels , video games , and other materials that cover many aspects of the various series and films . References ( edit ) Jump up ^ Perry , Spencer ( October 25 , 2016 ) . `` Knight Rider Reboot Coming from Justin Lin and Machinima '' . ComingSoon.net . Jump up ^ Terrace , Vincent ( November 1985 ) . Encyclopedia of Television Series , Pilots and Specials : 1974 -- 1984 . 2 . Baseline Books . p. 12 . ISBN 978 - 0918432612 . Retrieved March 22 , 2010 . Jump up ^ `` KNIGHT RIDER Rides Again In New Comic Series '' . Jump up ^ Dulin , Ron ( April 25 , 2003 ) . `` Knight Rider Review '' . ( hide ) Knight Rider TV series Knight Rider ( 1982 -- 1986 ) Episodes Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Team Knight Rider ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Knight Rider ( 2008 -- 2009 ) TV films Knight Rider 2000 ( 1991 ) Knight Rider 2010 ( 1994 ) Knight Rider ( 2008 ) Video games Knight Rider Knight Rider Special Knight Rider : The Game Spin - off Code of Vengeance ( 1985 -- 1986 ) Characters Michael Knight KITT KARR Guest stars Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knight_Rider_(franchise)&oldid=801305296 '' Categories : Knight Rider Television franchises Artificial intelligence in fiction Hidden categories : Use mdy dates from July 2017 Articles needing cleanup from March 2012 All pages needing cleanup Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from March 2012 Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from March 2012 Articles needing additional references from March 2012 All articles needing additional references Articles to be expanded from March 2012 All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes Talk Contents About Wikipedia Add links This page was last edited on 18 September 2017 , at 22 : 17 . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . About Wikipedia | how many seasons are there of knight rider | ['The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight, a modern-day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile. This car is virtually indestructible, due to a high-tech coating applied to it. This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC. These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short-lived Team Knight Rider. One other television movie, Knight Rider, served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider. In 1985, a spin-off series, Code of Vengeance, also premiered.'] | ['four'] | The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight, a modern-day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile. This car is virtually indestructible, due to a high-tech coating applied to it. This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC. These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short-lived Team Knight Rider. One other television movie, Knight Rider, served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider. In 1985, a spin-off series, Code of Vengeance, also premiered. |
[question]: What was the name of the main character in the original Knight Rider series?
[answer]: The main character in the original Knight Rider series was Michael Knight. | What was the name of the main character in the original Knight Rider series? | The main character in the original Knight Rider series was Michael Knight. | 1 | 7.261276 | 12 | 96 | 1 |
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