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ScienceQA

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[QUESTION]Which place usually has fewer cars?

[OPTIONS](A) a rural area (B) an urban area

a rural area

There aren't as many cars or people in rural areas.

[QUESTION]Is Lithops bromfieldii made up of one cell?

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

no

Lithops bromfieldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Shelley's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Does fabric turn darker when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water for 15 minutes compared to 30 minutes? (B) Does linen fabric turn darker than cotton fabric when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water?

Does linen fabric turn darker than cotton fabric when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water?

[QUESTION]What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? The detective spent his career chasing his white whale, a notorious bank robber who had eluded law enforcement for decades.

[OPTIONS](A) literature (B) a song

literature

The source of the allusion white whale is literature. In Herman Melville's classic novel Moby-Dick, Captain Ahab is fixated on his goal of tracking down and getting revenge on a white whale. The allusion white whale means an object of obsession.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Louisiana?

[OPTIONS](A) Atlanta (B) Frankfort (C) New Orleans (D) Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of New Mexico?

[OPTIONS](A) Albuquerque (B) Santa Fe (C) Trenton (D) Sacramento

Santa Fe

Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

[QUESTION]Which professional objective on a résumé is more formal?

[OPTIONS](A) I want a job where I can travel a lot and hopefully manage people someday. (B) I seek a position with opportunities for travel and advancement.

I seek a position with opportunities for travel and advancement.

The second professional objective on a résumé is more formal. It uses more elevated language (I seek a position, opportunities for travel and advancement). The other professional objective uses casual language (want a job, a lot) and sounds more conversational.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) sample B (B) sample A (C) neither; the samples have the same temperature

sample B

The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Erin inherited this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Erin's hair is the same color as her brown eyes. (B) Erin's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Erin.

Erin's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Erin.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? snails growing shells photosynthesis

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are chemical changes. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.

Both are chemical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Snails growing shells is a chemical change. A snail's body uses calcium from its food to make a new molecule called calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate is used to grow the shell. Photosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]What can Greta and Allie trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Greta can trade her tomatoes for Allie's sandwich. (B) Allie can trade her broccoli for Greta's oranges. (C) Allie can trade her almonds for Greta's tomatoes. (D) Greta can trade her tomatoes for Allie's broccoli.

Greta can trade her tomatoes for Allie's broccoli.

Greta wanted broccoli in her lunch and Allie was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Greta has tomatoes. Allie has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Which object has the least thermal energy?

[OPTIONS](A) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 28°C (B) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 33°C (C) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 24°C

a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 24°C

All three bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 24°C bowl of oatmeal is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) Georgia (B) Connecticut (C) Maryland (D) Wisconsin

Georgia

The colony is Georgia.

[QUESTION]Using only these supplies, which question can Krysta investigate with an experiment?

[OPTIONS](A) Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants? (B) Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants? (C) Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?

Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?

[QUESTION]Select the bird.

[OPTIONS](A) woodpecker (B) green tree frog (C) African bullfrog (D) sea turtle

woodpecker

A sea turtle is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Sea turtles live in the water, but they lay their eggs on land. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Woodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food. A green tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. An African bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Wyatt acquired this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Wyatt was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill. (B) Wyatt has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together.

Wyatt was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill.

[QUESTION]Which statement describes the Sonoran Desert ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has only a few types of organisms. (B) It has dry, thin soil.

It has dry, thin soil.

A hot desert is a type of ecosystem. Hot deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the following statements describe the Sonoran Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has dry, thin soil. It has many different types of organisms. The following statement does not describe the Sonoran Desert: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. It has only a few types of organisms.

[QUESTION]Which word is not like the others?

[OPTIONS](A) breakfast (B) lunch (C) nap (D) dinner

nap

Dinner, lunch, and breakfast go together. They are meals. Nap is not a meal, so it is not like the other words.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is Major's phenotype for the horns trait?

[OPTIONS](A) not having horns (B) having horns

not having horns

Major's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Major's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Major's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns. To check this answer, consider whether Major's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having horns (H) is dominant over the allele for having horns (h). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele. Major's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Major's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) repel (B) attract

repel

To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

[QUESTION]Which is a simple sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Albert stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet. (B) Brennan walked through Paris in a daze because he was still suffering from jet lag.

Albert stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet.

The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause. Albert stacked a crate of oranges on top of the crate of lemons and checked both crates off his order sheet.

[QUESTION]The trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?

[OPTIONS](A) a mail truck carrying 350 pounds of mail (B) a mail truck carrying 500 pounds of mail

a mail truck carrying 500 pounds of mail

Look for the mail truck that is heavier. A mail truck carrying 500 pounds of mail is heavier than a mail truck carrying 350 pounds of mail. So, the mail truck carrying 500 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other mail truck.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Daniel is a real Benedict Arnold. After promising to work on my campaign for class president, he decided to support my opponent.

[OPTIONS](A) allusion (B) simile

allusion

The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. Benedict Arnold alludes to the American general during the Revolutionary War who betrayed his country and fought for the British.

[QUESTION]Which property do these four objects have in common?

[OPTIONS](A) salty (B) translucent (C) transparent

salty

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Potato chips have a salty taste. All four objects are salty. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. The ocean water is translucent, but the pretzel and the cracker are not. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The pretzel, the potato chips, and the cracker are not transparent. The property that all four objects have in common is salty.

[QUESTION]Which organ controls the function of other body organs?

[OPTIONS](A) skeleton (B) lungs (C) heart (D) brain

brain

[QUESTION]Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?

[OPTIONS](A) to store the information needed for an organism's growth and development (B) to supply energy for a cell's immediate use (C) to control chemical reactions

to supply energy for a cell's immediate use

[QUESTION]What is the volume of a mayonnaise jar?

[OPTIONS](A) 2 fluid ounces (B) 2 gallons (C) 2 cups

2 cups

The best estimate for the volume of a mayonnaise jar is 2 cups. 2 fluid ounces is too little and 2 gallons is too much.

[QUESTION]Which colony was Middle Colonies?

[OPTIONS](A) Pennsylvania (B) Maryland (C) Rhode Island

Pennsylvania

The four Middle Colonies are dark blue on the map: During colonial times, Delaware was usually called the Three Lower Counties on the Delaware, or the Lower Counties for short. New York claimed part of the land that would later become the state of Vermont. But New Hampshire, a New England colony, also claimed this area.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1. (C) The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.

The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

[QUESTION]Which of the following could Rosa's test show?

[OPTIONS](A) if the new turbine could turn easily (B) how much the new turbine would weigh (C) whether the new turbine could produce 10% more electricity

whether the new turbine could produce 10% more electricity

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge formed at a () boundary.

[OPTIONS](A) divergent (B) transform (C) convergent

divergent

To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a massive mountain chain that runs along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. On this map, the ridge is shown by the light blue area between Africa and South America. The dark blue areas on either side of the ridge show deeper regions of the ocean. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge began to form millions of years ago as the African Plate and the South American Plate moved away from each other. The plates are still moving apart at a rate of about 2.5 centimeters per year, causing the ridge to grow even taller and wider. The underlined part of the passage explains that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge formed as the two plates moved away from each other, or diverged. So, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge formed at a divergent boundary.

[QUESTION]During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

[OPTIONS](A) the surroundings . . . each vial (B) each vial . . . the surroundings

the surroundings . . . each vial

The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait?

[OPTIONS](A) wrinkled peas (B) ee

wrinkled peas

An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas. So, the plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait is wrinkled peas.

[QUESTION]Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.

[OPTIONS](A) true (B) false

true

The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth is the largest. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Kansas?

[OPTIONS](A) Montgomery (B) Billings (C) Kansas City (D) Topeka

Topeka

Topeka is the capital of Kansas.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?

[OPTIONS](A) Solution B (B) Solution A (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

Solution B

In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter. Solution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles.

[QUESTION]Which bowl of cereal has a lower temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) the bowl of cereal with less thermal energy (B) the bowl of cereal with more thermal energy

the bowl of cereal with less thermal energy

The two bowls of cereal are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the bowl of cereal with less thermal energy has a lower temperature.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2. (B) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (C) The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.

The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

[QUESTION]Which sentence is more formal?

[OPTIONS](A) A bunch of banks are about to start charging higher checking account fees. (B) Many banks will begin imposing higher fees for checking accounts.

Many banks will begin imposing higher fees for checking accounts.

The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses conversational language (a bunch of). The first sentence uses formal language in place of the conversational language, so it is more formal overall.

[QUESTION]Which three months have over 200millimeters of precipitation in Singapore?

[OPTIONS](A) August, September, and October (B) May, June, and July (C) November, December, and January

November, December, and January

To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph. Choice "Jan" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Sep" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "Nov" is incorrect. Choice "Dec" is incorrect. November, December, and January each have over 200 millimeters of precipitation.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Ben acquired this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Ben's mother speaks one language. (B) Ben learned to speak two languages in school.

Ben learned to speak two languages in school.

[QUESTION]Which phrase has a more positive connotation?

[OPTIONS](A) startle someone (B) surprise someone

surprise someone

Surprise someone has a more positive connotation. If you startle someone, you surprise them in a bad way.

[QUESTION]Select the one substance that is not a rock.

[OPTIONS](A) A computer processor is made by humans. It is not a pure substance. (B) Slate is not a pure substance. It is a solid. (C) Calcarenite is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.

A computer processor is made by humans. It is not a pure substance.

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Calcarenite is a rock. Slate is a rock. A computer processor is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things. So, a computer processor is not a rock.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Tony inherited this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Tony's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Tony. (B) Tony's mother cuts his hair every month.

Tony's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Tony.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) After scouring the classified ads for days, Paul finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed. (B) After scouring the classified ads for days, Paul finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth.

After scouring the classified ads for days, Paul finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the sedan or Bluetooth. After scouring the classified ads for days, Paul finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan had Bluetooth, but it needed to be fixed. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. After scouring the classified ads for days, Paul finally found a used car that fit his budget. The sedan needed to be fixed, but it had Bluetooth.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Florida?

[OPTIONS](A) Tallahassee (B) Baton Rouge (C) Raleigh (D) Little Rock

Tallahassee

Tallahassee is the capital of Florida.

[QUESTION]Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack large, hard nuts?

[OPTIONS](A) pale-tailed barbthroat (B) African gray parrot

African gray parrot

Look at the picture of the Alexandrine parakeet. The Alexandrine parakeet has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The Alexandrine parakeet uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The African gray parrot has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The pale-tailed barbthroat has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The pale-tailed barbthroat uses its beak to drink nectar out of long flowers.

[QUESTION]Which text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?

[OPTIONS](A) Herman perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly. (B) Herman perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.

Herman perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift.

The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail. Herman perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift. The second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner. Herman perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.

[QUESTION]Which is a simple sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) September has thirty days, and July has thirty-one. (B) After dinner I brush my teeth very carefully.

After dinner I brush my teeth very carefully.

The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate. After dinner I brush my teeth very carefully.

[QUESTION]What is the temperature of an ice cream sandwich?

[OPTIONS](A) 37°C (B) 37°F

37°F

The better estimate for the temperature of an ice cream sandwich is 37°F. 37°C is too hot.

[QUESTION]Is grape juice a solid or a liquid?

[OPTIONS](A) a solid (B) a liquid

a liquid

Grape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.

[QUESTION]Which sentence is more formal?

[OPTIONS](A) The muffins and sticky buns at Midtown Bakery are delicious. (B) The muffins and sticky buns at Midtown Bakery are to die for.

The muffins and sticky buns at Midtown Bakery are delicious.

The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (to die for). The first sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.

[QUESTION]Complete the statement. Sodium hydroxide is ().

[OPTIONS](A) an elementary substance (B) a compound

a compound

You can tell whether sodium hydroxide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for sodium hydroxide, NaOH, contains three atomic symbols: Na for sodium, O for oxygen, and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that sodium hydroxide is composed of three chemical elements bonded together. Since sodium hydroxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, sodium hydroxide is a compound.

[QUESTION]Which is a run-on sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Arrived at the beach. (B) The child built a tower, he used colored blocks.

The child built a tower, he used colored blocks.

The child built a tower, he used colored blocks is a run-on sentence. It has two sentences that are joined by just a comma: The child built a tower and He used colored blocks.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) neither; the samples have the same temperature (B) sample B (C) sample A

sample A

Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]What type of rock is obsidian?

[OPTIONS](A) sedimentary (B) igneous (C) metamorphic

igneous

Obsidian is an igneous rock. Like other igneous rocks, it forms when melted rock cools and hardens. Melted rock at the earth's surface is called lava. Obsidian forms when lava cools very quickly. The cooling is so quick that the minerals do not have time to form grains. This is why obsidian looks glassy.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same genus as the Japanese honeysuckle.

[OPTIONS](A) Hyacinthus orientalis (B) Lonicera maackii (C) Ulex europaeus

Lonicera maackii

A Japanese honeysuckle's scientific name is Lonicera japonica. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. Hyacinthus orientalis is in the genus Hyacinthus. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus. So, Hyacinthus orientalis and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus. Lonicera maackii is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera maackii and Lonicera japonica are in the same genus. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex. The first word of its scientific name is Ulex. So, Ulex europaeus and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is Kevin's phenotype for the Marfan syndrome trait?

[OPTIONS](A) having Marfan syndrome (B) not having Marfan syndrome

not having Marfan syndrome

Kevin's genotype for the Marfan syndrome gene is mm. Kevin's genotype of mm has only m alleles. The m allele is for not having Marfan syndrome. So, Kevin's phenotype for the Marfan syndrome trait must be not having Marfan syndrome. To check this answer, consider whether Kevin's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having Marfan syndrome (m) is recessive to the allele for having Marfan syndrome (M). This means M is a dominant allele, and m is a recessive allele. Kevin's genotype of mm has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Kevin's phenotype for the Marfan syndrome trait must be not having Marfan syndrome.

[QUESTION]Which better describes the Shenandoah National Park ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees. (B) It has cold, wet winters. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.

It has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees.

A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, Shenandoah National Park has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees.

[QUESTION]Which sentence states a fact?

[OPTIONS](A) It is bad for a country to have a king or queen. (B) Felipe VI is the king of Spain.

Felipe VI is the king of Spain.

The first sentence states a fact. Felipe VI is the king of Spain. It can be proved by looking in a book about the government of Spain. The second sentence states an opinion. It is bad for a country to have a king or queen. Bad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether something is good or bad.

[QUESTION]Which trait did this aurochs have? Select the trait you can observe on the fossil.

[OPTIONS](A) four legs (B) a striped body

four legs

[QUESTION]Would you find the word pour on a dictionary page with the following guide words? patience - pulley

[OPTIONS](A) no (B) yes

yes

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since pour is between the guide words patience - pulley, it would be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

[OPTIONS](A) neither; their concentrations are the same (B) Solution B (C) Solution A

neither; their concentrations are the same

In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution A and Solution B have the same number of pink particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.

[QUESTION]Which sentence is more formal?

[OPTIONS](A) When the mayor learned that the local newspaper had printed an invasive story about her personal life, she flipped out. (B) The mayor was furious when she learned that the local newspaper had printed an invasive story about her personal life.

The mayor was furious when she learned that the local newspaper had printed an invasive story about her personal life.

The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses slang (flipped out). The first sentence uses formal language in place of the slang, so it is more formal overall.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same species as the bald eagle.

[OPTIONS](A) Pelecanus occidentalis (B) Bubo scandiacus (C) Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

A bald eagle's scientific name is Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Pelecanus occidentalis does not have the same scientific name as a bald eagle. So, Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Pelecanus occidentalis are not in the same species. Haliaeetus leucocephalus has the same scientific name as a bald eagle. So, these organisms are in the same species. Bubo scandiacus does not have the same scientific name as a bald eagle. So, Haliaeetus leucocephalus and Bubo scandiacus are not in the same species.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. An antacid tablet reacting with water is a ().

[OPTIONS](A) physical change (B) chemical change

chemical change

An antacid tablet reacting with water is a chemical change. When the tablet touches water, the type of matter in the tablet changes and carbon dioxide gas is released. This gas makes the water fizz.

[QUESTION]What happened after the Starving Time?

[OPTIONS](A) The Virginia Company gave up Jamestown to Spanish explorers. (B) The Virginia Company only sent women and children to Jamestown. (C) The Virginia Company stopped sending colonists to Jamestown. (D) The Virginia Company started sending more colonists to Jamestown.

The Virginia Company started sending more colonists to Jamestown.

Look at the timeline. The Starving Time was between 1609 and 1610. The timeline shows that many ships arrived in Jamestown during 1610 and 1611. Those ships arrived because the Virginia Company started sending more colonists to Jamestown. Some of the new colonists were women and children, but most were men.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) Maine (B) Massachusetts (C) Alabama (D) Virginia

Virginia

The colony is Virginia. The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.

[QUESTION]Which tense does the sentence use? Erica and Vicky win the game every time.

[OPTIONS](A) past tense (B) future tense (C) present tense

present tense

The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, win. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.

[QUESTION]What can Maureen and Kendrick trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Kendrick can trade his broccoli for Maureen's oranges. (B) Kendrick can trade his almonds for Maureen's tomatoes. (C) Maureen can trade her tomatoes for Kendrick's broccoli. (D) Maureen can trade her tomatoes for Kendrick's carrots.

Maureen can trade her tomatoes for Kendrick's broccoli.

Look at the table and images. Maureen wants broccoli. Kendrick wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1. (B) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2. (C) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same. So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same genus as the European nightjar.

[OPTIONS](A) Caprimulgus macrurus (B) Ulex europaeus (C) Acanthaster planci

Caprimulgus macrurus

A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ulex europaeus and Caprimulgus europaeus have the same species name within their genus, europaeus. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex, and Caprimulgus europaeus is in the genus Caprimulgus. Acanthaster planci is in the genus Acanthaster. The first word of its scientific name is Acanthaster. So, Acanthaster planci and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same genus. Caprimulgus macrurus is in the genus Caprimulgus. The first word of its scientific name is Caprimulgus. So, Caprimulgus macrurus and Caprimulgus europaeus are in the same genus.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Julian acquired this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Julian likes to fly a kite with his younger brother. (B) Julian's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite. (C) Julian's friend taught him how to fly a kite.

Julian's friend taught him how to fly a kite.

[QUESTION]What is the direction of this push?

[OPTIONS](A) away from the bow string (B) toward the bow string

away from the bow string

The archer shoots the arrow away from his bow. The arrow flies forward quickly. The direction of the push is away from the bow string.

[QUESTION]Which correctly shows the title of an article?

[OPTIONS](A) "Medicine's Search for Meaning" (B) Medicine's Search for Meaning

"Medicine's Search for Meaning"

An article should be in quotation marks. The correct title is "Medicine's Search for Meaning."

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. Folding a piece of paper is a ().

[OPTIONS](A) physical change (B) chemical change

physical change

Folding a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.

[QUESTION]What kind of sentence is this? Beth gave me flowers for no reason.

[OPTIONS](A) interrogative (B) declarative

declarative

The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.

[QUESTION]Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? only - over

[OPTIONS](A) own (B) orchard

orchard

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since orchard is between the guide words only - over, it would be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

[QUESTION]Is driving a bus a good or a service?

[OPTIONS](A) a service (B) a good

a service

To decide whether driving a bus is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is driving a bus something you can touch? No. Is driving a bus a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes. So, driving a bus is a service.

[QUESTION]What is the probability that a Labrador retriever produced by this cross will be heterozygous for the fur color gene?

[OPTIONS](A) 3/4 (B) 2/4 (C) 4/4 (D) 0/4 (E) 1/4

4/4

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest east?

[OPTIONS](A) Washington (B) Oklahoma (C) Nevada (D) Montana

Oklahoma

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Oklahoma is farthest east.

[QUESTION]Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? On that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice.

[OPTIONS](A) metaphor (B) simile

simile

On that winter morning, Brittany's hands were as cold as ice. The words hands and ice are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? knitting yarn into a scarf dew appearing on grass in the morning

[OPTIONS](A) Both are only physical changes. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by heating.

Both are only physical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change. The yarn gets a different shape, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Dew appearing on grass in the morning is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air touches the cool grass and becomes liquid. The water vapor changes state to become dew, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Dew appears when water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the grass. This is caused by cooling. But knitting yarn is not.

[QUESTION]Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) Together, the products of a chemical reaction have the same arrangement of atoms as the reactants. (B) Soap is a reactant in the saponification reaction. (C) A substance's chemical structure affects its properties.

A substance's chemical structure affects its properties.

A substance's chemical structure affects its properties. Substances with different chemical structures have different physical and chemical properties. So, a substance's chemical structure affects its properties. Together, the products of a chemical reaction have the same arrangement of atoms as the reactants. The products of a chemical reaction are made up of the same number and types of atoms as the reactants, but the atoms are organized in a different way. So, the products have a different arrangement of atoms compared to the reactants. A chemical change occurs during saponification. Saponification is a chemical reaction. As in all chemical reactions, the reactants go through a chemical change during saponification to form the products. Soap is a reactant in the saponification reaction. Soap is produced during saponification. So, soap is a product, not a reactant, in this reaction.

[QUESTION]Which greeting is correct for a letter?

[OPTIONS](A) Dear Ms. Shah, (B) Dear ms. Shah,

Dear Ms. Shah,

The first greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Shah is capitalized because it is a proper noun.

[QUESTION]How long is an adult alligator?

[OPTIONS](A) 12 inches (B) 12 yards (C) 12 miles (D) 12 feet

12 feet

The best estimate for the length of an adult alligator is 12 feet. 12 inches is too short. 12 yards and 12 miles are too long.

[QUESTION]Answer the riddle. I am an animal. I live with people. You have to feed me. What am I?

[OPTIONS](A) a pet (B) a plant

a pet

A pet is an animal. A pet lives with people. You have to feed a pet.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Nebraska?

[OPTIONS](A) Little Rock (B) Omaha (C) Honolulu (D) Lincoln

Lincoln

Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where they provide unlimited coffee refills. (B) At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills.

At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where they provide unlimited coffee refills.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the servers. At lunchtime, Mike can often be found reading at his favorite café, where the servers provide unlimited coffee refills.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Montana?

[OPTIONS](A) Nampa (B) Missoula (C) Honolulu (D) Helena

Helena

Helena is the capital of Montana.

[QUESTION]Which is a complex sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution. (B) Kyle picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.

Kyle picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until. Kyle picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.

[QUESTION]Select the amphibian below.

[OPTIONS](A) cane toad (B) tiger shark

cane toad

A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A cane toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.

[QUESTION]Select the one substance that is not a mineral.

[OPTIONS](A) Plagioclase is not made by living things. It is a solid. (B) Glue is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance. (C) Graphite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.

Glue is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance.

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Graphite is a mineral. Glue is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances. Glue is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature. So, glue is not a mineral. Plagioclase is a mineral.

[QUESTION]What kind of sentence is this? Who took the wheelbarrow out of the shed?

[OPTIONS](A) declarative (B) interrogative

interrogative

The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.

[QUESTION]Which tense does the sentence use? In autumn, the leaves change color.

[OPTIONS](A) past tense (B) future tense (C) present tense

present tense

The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, change. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.

[QUESTION]Which tense does the sentence use? Mr. Kramer will coach the girls' basketball team.

[OPTIONS](A) future tense (B) present tense (C) past tense

future tense

The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, coach. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. In this chemical reaction, carbon monoxide is a ().

[OPTIONS](A) product (B) reactant

reactant

Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to carbon monoxide in this chemical reaction. Ozone is a gas found high up in Earth's atmosphere. In places with severe air pollution, ozone can also be found in the air closer to the ground. This ground-level ozone forms when oxygen in the air combines with carbon monoxide and other chemicals in polluted air. Ground-level ozone can harm humans by damaging their lungs. The underlined text tells you that when oxygen and carbon monoxide combine, ozone is formed. When oxygen and carbon monoxide react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form ozone. Because carbon monoxide reacts in this chemical reaction, carbon monoxide is a reactant.