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[QUESTION]Which type of sentence is this? Anna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.

[OPTIONS](A) compound-complex (B) simple (C) complex (D) compound

compound-complex

The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which. Anna is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Frank is good at cooking.

[OPTIONS](A) acquired (B) inherited

acquired

People are not born knowing how to cook. Instead, many people learn how to cook. So, cooking is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]Why are kangaroos called boxers?

[OPTIONS](A) because of how they use their arms to fight (B) because they lick their arms before fighting (C) because they have strong back legs

because of how they use their arms to fight

Look at the text in bold below. It tells you why kangaroos are called boxers. Kangaroos use their short arms to defend against each other or dangerous animals, such as wild dogs. Some people call kangaroos boxers because of the way they hold their arms when they fight. Kangaroos sometimes lick their arms on hot days. They do this to cool off. From head to toe, kangaroos use what they have to stay safe and comfortable in the wild.

[QUESTION]What can Stefan and Bruce trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Bruce can trade his almonds for Stefan's tomatoes. (B) Bruce can trade his broccoli for Stefan's oranges. (C) Stefan can trade his tomatoes for Bruce's broccoli. (D) Stefan can trade his tomatoes for Bruce's sandwich.

Stefan can trade his tomatoes for Bruce's broccoli.

Stefan wanted broccoli in his lunch and Bruce was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Stefan has tomatoes. Bruce has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Using only these supplies, which question can Kelly investigate with an experiment?

[OPTIONS](A) Does a plastic sled or a wooden sled go down a hill faster? (B) Does a rubber inner tube sled go faster down a small hill or down a big hill? (C) Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?

Does a rubber inner tube sled or a plastic sled go faster down a hill?

[QUESTION]Which text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?

[OPTIONS](A) Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week. (B) Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.

Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.

The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Clarence tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless. Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week. The first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Clarence's friends were in Florida the week before. Last winter, Clarence took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.

[QUESTION]What can Kinsley and Cole trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Kinsley can trade her tomatoes for Cole's carrots. (B) Kinsley can trade her tomatoes for Cole's broccoli. (C) Cole can trade his broccoli for Kinsley's oranges. (D) Cole can trade his almonds for Kinsley's tomatoes.

Kinsley can trade her tomatoes for Cole's broccoli.

Look at the table and images. Kinsley wants broccoli. Cole wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?

[OPTIONS](A) Solution A (B) neither; their concentrations are the same (C) Solution B

Solution A

In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter. Solution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.

[QUESTION]Is a fork a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

[OPTIONS](A) a liquid (B) a solid (C) a gas

a solid

A fork is a solid. You can bend a fork. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Connecticut?

[OPTIONS](A) New Haven (B) Hartford (C) Omaha (D) Fayetteville

Hartford

Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) Nauru (B) Solomon Islands (C) the Federated States of Micronesia (D) the Marshall Islands

the Federated States of Micronesia

This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.

[QUESTION]Which correctly shows the title of a short story?

[OPTIONS](A) "The Story of a Mother" (B) "The story of a mother"

"The Story of a Mother"

Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and a are not important, so they should not be capitalized. The correct title is "The Story of a Mother."

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) the Marshall Islands (B) Solomon Islands (C) Australia (D) New Zealand

Solomon Islands

This country is Solomon Islands.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same genus as the agile wallaby.

[OPTIONS](A) Macropus rufus (B) Ovis aries (C) Castor fiber

Macropus rufus

An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. Ovis aries is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis aries and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus. Macropus rufus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus rufus and Macropus agilis are in the same genus. Castor fiber is in the genus Castor. The first word of its scientific name is Castor. So, Castor fiber and Macropus agilis are not in the same genus.

[QUESTION]Suppose Steve decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?

[OPTIONS](A) Steve will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister. (B) Steve will get to watch the movie that he is more excited about.

Steve will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister.

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Steve wants or needs: Steve will give up the chance to watch a movie with his sister.

[QUESTION]Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

[OPTIONS](A) trichlorofluoromethane (B) dichloromethane (C) nitrogen

nitrogen

[QUESTION]Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Last year, the city of Hillsdale allocated more money to public parks. This year, however, littering increased, so the increase in park funding must have been responsible.

[OPTIONS](A) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (B) false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist

false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other

The text argues that increased park funding was responsible for an increase in littering. However, even though littering increased after funding to parks was increased, that doesn't necessarily mean that the funding was responsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.

[QUESTION]Which text uses the word terribly in its traditional sense?

[OPTIONS](A) Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. (B) Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.

Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent.

The second text uses terribly in its traditional sense: in a terrible manner. Zach shivered terribly as he gazed at the snow-clad slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. The first text uses terribly in its nontraditional sense: extremely; very. Zach shivered as he gazed at the terribly steep, snowy slope. After calming his nerves, he began his descent. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word terribly because it is considered more standard.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same species as the black howler.

[OPTIONS](A) Lontra canadensis (B) Alouatta caraya (C) Ovis canadensis

Alouatta caraya

A black howler's scientific name is Alouatta caraya. Ovis canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis canadensis are not in the same species. Alouatta caraya has the same scientific name as a black howler. So, these organisms are in the same species. Lontra canadensis does not have the same scientific name as a black howler. So, Alouatta caraya and Lontra canadensis are not in the same species.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Warren inherited this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Warren's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Warren. (B) Warren's mother cuts his hair every month.

Warren's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Warren.

[QUESTION]Is chalcopyrite a mineral or a rock?

[OPTIONS](A) rock (B) mineral

mineral

Chalcopyrite has all the properties of a mineral. So, chalcopyrite is a mineral.

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Jessica can fly a helicopter.

[OPTIONS](A) acquired (B) inherited

acquired

People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]Complete the statement. Assume that Caleb's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth () as he rode the escalator.

[OPTIONS](A) increased (B) stayed the same (C) decreased

increased

Think about how the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth changed. The second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Caleb and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Caleb and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.

[QUESTION]Which of the following could Roger's test show?

[OPTIONS](A) how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour (B) if the spacecraft was damaged when using a parachute with a 1 m vent going 200 km per hour (C) whether a parachute with a 1 m vent would swing too much at 400 km per hour

how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? adding dish soap to water in a sink sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.

Both are only physical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Adding dish soap to water in a sink is a physical change. Bubbles may appear if air gets trapped in the soapy water, but a different type of matter does not form. Loose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]Is this a sentence fragment? During a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashing on October 31, 2014.

[OPTIONS](A) no (B) yes

yes

This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought. During a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashing on October 31, 2014. Here is one way to fix the sentence fragment: During a test flight over the Mojave Desert, Virgin Galactic's experimental SpaceShipTwo spacecraft crashed on October 31, 2014.

[QUESTION]Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary?

[OPTIONS](A) It has no sunlight. It also has daily flooding and draining of seawater. (B) It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.

It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.

A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have water that is rich in nutrients. They also have many different types of organisms.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2. (B) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1. (C) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

[QUESTION]Select the one substance that is not a rock.

[OPTIONS](A) Conglomerate is not made by living things. It is formed in nature. (B) An eggshell is made by a living thing. It is a solid. (C) Pumice is not a pure substance. It is not made by living things.

An eggshell is made by a living thing. It is a solid.

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Conglomerate is a rock. An eggshell is made by a living thing. But rocks are not made by living things. So, an eggshell is not a rock. Pumice is a rock.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) They predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day. (B) The meteorologists predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day.

They predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the meteorologists. The meteorologists predicted afternoon thunderstorms, but the sky remained clear all day.

[QUESTION]Compare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the highest speed?

[OPTIONS](A) a goose that moved 635kilometers west in 10hours (B) a goose that moved 680kilometers east in 10hours (C) a goose that moved 1,435kilometers south in 10hours

a goose that moved 1,435kilometers south in 10hours

Look at the distance each goose moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each goose moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each goose moved for 10 hours. The goose that moved 1,435 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that goose must have moved at the highest speed.

[QUESTION]Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

[OPTIONS](A) to the right than to the left (B) to the left than to the right

to the left than to the right

Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.

[QUESTION]Which better describes the Amazon rain forest ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms. (B) It has cold winters. It also has many different types of organisms.

It has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.

A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the Amazon rain forest has soil that is poor in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1. (C) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.

The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same. So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. —Martin Luther King, Jr, "I Have a Dream" speech

[OPTIONS](A) antithesis (B) anaphora

anaphora

The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. King repeats the words now is the time at the beginning of each sentence.

[QUESTION]Select the part whose main job is to control which substances enter and leave an animal cell.

[OPTIONS](A) mitochondria (B) cell membrane (C) vacuoles

cell membrane

The cell membrane is a thin layer that wraps around the cytoplasm. Every cell has a cell membrane. In an animal cell, the cell membrane is the outer layer.

[QUESTION]What can Carrie and Matt trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Carrie can trade her tomatoes for Matt's broccoli. (B) Matt can trade his almonds for Carrie's tomatoes. (C) Carrie can trade her tomatoes for Matt's carrots. (D) Matt can trade his broccoli for Carrie's oranges.

Carrie can trade her tomatoes for Matt's broccoli.

Look at the table and images. Carrie wants broccoli. Matt wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.

Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1. (B) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2. (C) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

[QUESTION]Is this a run-on sentence? In 2004, the Cassini spacecraft arrived on Saturn and began photographing Saturn's moon Titan, revealing a number of lakes, rivers, and seas on the moon's frozen surface.

[OPTIONS](A) no (B) yes

no

This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. In 2004, the Cassini spacecraft arrived on Saturn and began photographing Saturn's moon Titan, revealing a number of lakes, rivers, and seas on the moon's frozen surface.

[QUESTION]Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown?

[OPTIONS](A) 4°C (B) 7°C (C) 30°C

30°C

Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C. 30°C is within this range. 4°C and 7°C are outside of this range.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) sample B (B) sample A (C) neither; the samples have the same temperature

sample A

Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]Which is this organism's common name?

[OPTIONS](A) Cyanocitta cristata (B) blue jay

blue jay

Cyanocitta cristata is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Cyanocitta cristata is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that blue jay is the common name.

[QUESTION]Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? Mrs. Snyder is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day.

[OPTIONS](A) simile (B) metaphor

metaphor

Mrs. Snyder is an owl, working at night and sleeping during the day. The words Mrs. Snyder and owl are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.

[QUESTION]Which specific humidity level was measured within the outlined area shown?

[OPTIONS](A) 12 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air (B) 7 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air (C) 11 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air

7 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air

Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 2 and 8 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air. 7 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range. 11 and 12 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) sample A (B) neither; the samples have the same temperature (C) sample B

sample A

Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Hansen has a scar on his right hand.

[OPTIONS](A) inherited (B) acquired

acquired

Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]Is Myrmarachne maxillosa made up of many cells?

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

yes

Myrmarachne maxillosa is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Virginia?

[OPTIONS](A) Norfolk (B) Little Rock (C) Richmond (D) Biloxi

Richmond

Richmond is the capital of Virginia.

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest east?

[OPTIONS](A) Wyoming (B) Kansas (C) Michigan (D) Washington

Michigan

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Michigan is farthest east.

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) the Dominican Republic (B) Haiti (C) Dominica (D) Cuba

the Dominican Republic

This country is the Dominican Republic. Why does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country? The Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic. Though many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.

[QUESTION]What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? "It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park," Leroy remarked.

[OPTIONS](A) Leroy was upset about staying home. (B) Leroy wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities.

Leroy was upset about staying home.

The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Good luck ironically suggests that Leroy was upset about staying home. Leroy was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.

[QUESTION]What is the probability that a dachshund dog produced by this cross will have rough fur?

[OPTIONS](A) 1/4 (B) 4/4 (C) 3/4 (D) 2/4 (E) 0/4

4/4

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Vermont?

[OPTIONS](A) Huntington (B) Burlington (C) Montpelier (D) Boston

Montpelier

Montpelier is the capital of Vermont.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? cutting an apple breaking a stick in half

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by cooling. (B) Both are chemical changes. (C) Both are caused by heating. (D) Both are only physical changes.

Both are only physical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Cutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple. Breaking a stick in half is a physical change. The stick gets broken into two pieces. But the pieces are still made of the same type of matter as the original stick. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]Which material is these scissors made of?

[OPTIONS](A) styrofoam (B) plastic

plastic

Look at the picture of the scissors. Scissors are made of two different materials. The handles are made of plastic, and the blades are made of metal.

[QUESTION]Assume all other forces on the ice cube are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the ice cube?

[OPTIONS](A) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the ice cube. (B) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube.

The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube.

To determine if there is a net force on the ice cube, look at the forces: Earth's gravity is pulling the ice cube down with a force of 0.1 N. The water is pushing the ice cube up with a force of 0.1 N. The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 0.1 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the ice cube.

[QUESTION]Select the animal that has a backbone.

[OPTIONS](A) goose (B) castor bean tick

goose

A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. A goose is a bird. Like other birds, a goose has a backbone.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene?

[OPTIONS](A) straight fur (B) FF

FF

An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Hobbes has two alleles for straight fur (F). So, Hobbes's genotype for the fur type gene is FF.

[QUESTION]Select the chemical formula for this molecule.

[OPTIONS](A) HCl (B) HClN (C) HC (D) H2Cl

HCl

H is the symbol for hydrogen. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom. The chemical formula will contain the symbols H and Cl. There is one hydrogen atom, so H will not have a subscript. There is one chlorine atom, so Cl will not have a subscript. The correct formula is HCl. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.

[QUESTION]Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? impose - issue

[OPTIONS](A) ill (B) increase

increase

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since increase is between the guide words impose - issue, it would be found on that page.

[QUESTION]The trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?

[OPTIONS](A) a mail truck carrying 250 pounds of mail (B) a mail truck carrying 350 pounds of mail

a mail truck carrying 350 pounds of mail

Look for the mail truck that is heavier. A mail truck carrying 350 pounds of mail is heavier than a mail truck carrying 250 pounds of mail. So, the mail truck carrying 350 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other mail truck.

[QUESTION]Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets.

[OPTIONS](A) false (B) true

false

The table tells you that there are two ice planets and four rocky planets. So, there are half as many ice planets as rocky planets.

[QUESTION]Which is a complex sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) If you thought that dish was spicy, this dish will set your mouth on fire. (B) Avalanches can reach speeds of eighty miles per hour within five seconds.

If you thought that dish was spicy, this dish will set your mouth on fire.

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if. If you thought that dish was spicy, this dish will set your mouth on fire.

[QUESTION]Which is this organism's scientific name?

[OPTIONS](A) common snapping turtle (B) Chelydra serpentina

Chelydra serpentina

Chelydra serpentina is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Chelydra serpentina is the scientific name.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait?

[OPTIONS](A) bush growth (B) climbing growth

bush growth

The rose plant's genotype for the growth pattern gene is gg. The rose plant's genotype of gg has only g alleles. The g allele is for bush growth. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth. To check this answer, consider whether the rose plant's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for bush growth (g) is recessive to the allele for climbing growth (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele. The rose plant's genotype of gg has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, the rose plant's phenotype for the growth pattern trait must be bush growth.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

[OPTIONS](A) Solution A (B) Solution B (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

neither; their concentrations are the same

In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution A and Solution B have the same number of pink particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.

[QUESTION]Compare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?

[OPTIONS](A) a bat that moved 30miles in 5hours (B) a bat that moved 40miles in 5hours

a bat that moved 30miles in 5hours

Look at the distance each bat moved and the time it took to move that distance. One bat moved 30 miles in 5 hours. The other bat moved 40 miles in 5 hours. Notice that each bat spent the same amount of time moving. The bat that moved 30 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that bat must have moved at a lower speed.

[QUESTION]Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in New Orleans?

[OPTIONS](A) The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August. (B) October is the wettest month. (C) February is wetter than June.

The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.

To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August." is incorrect. On average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months. Choice "February is wetter than June." is incorrect. February has a lower average precipitation than June. So, February is drier, not wetter, than June. Choice "October is the wettest month." is incorrect. Every other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.

[QUESTION]Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Of course the city is perfectly safe. Look at me—I've been living here for years and I'm fine!

[OPTIONS](A) hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence (B) ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent

hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence

The text argues that the city is not dangerous. However, even though the speaker has never been in danger in the city, that doesn't necessarily mean that everyone in the city is always safe. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.

[QUESTION]What can Sean and Jason trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Jason can trade his broccoli for Sean's oranges. (B) Sean can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli. (C) Sean can trade his tomatoes for Jason's carrots. (D) Jason can trade his almonds for Sean's tomatoes.

Sean can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli.

Look at the table and images. Sean wants broccoli. Jason wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) "This morning, the newspaper said that Maria Montgomery won the mayoral election in Springtown," Adam remarked to his sister. (B) "This morning, it said that Maria Montgomery won the mayoral election in Springtown," Adam remarked to his sister.

"This morning, it said that Maria Montgomery won the mayoral election in Springtown," Adam remarked to his sister.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper. "This morning, the newspaper said that Maria Montgomery won the mayoral election in Springtown," Adam remarked to his sister.

[QUESTION]Compare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a higher speed?

[OPTIONS](A) a bird that moved 5miles in 10hours (B) a bird that moved 40miles in 10hours

a bird that moved 40miles in 10hours

Look at the distance each bird moved and the time it took to move that distance. One bird moved 40 miles in 10 hours. The other bird moved 5 miles in 10 hours. Notice that each bird spent the same amount of time moving. The bird that moved 40 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that bird must have moved at a higher speed.

[QUESTION]Which greeting is correct for a letter?

[OPTIONS](A) Dear Steven, (B) dear Steven,

Dear Steven,

The second greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Steven is capitalized because it is a proper noun.

[QUESTION]Which banana has less thermal energy?

[OPTIONS](A) the hotter banana (B) the colder banana

the colder banana

The two bananas are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder banana has less thermal energy.

[QUESTION]What is the expected ratio of offspring with straight ears to offspring with curled ears? Choose the most likely ratio.

[OPTIONS](A) 3:1 (B) 0:4 (C) 1:3 (D) 4:0 (E) 2:2

0:4

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with straight ears or curled ears, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for curled ears, is dominant over the e allele, which is for straight ears. Straight ears is the recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the recessive version of the ear type trait must have only recessive alleles for the ear type gene. So, offspring with straight ears must have the genotype ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee. Curled ears is the dominant allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the dominant version of the ear type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ear type gene. So, offspring with curled ears must have the genotype EE or Ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with straight ears to offspring with curled ears is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with straight ears. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with curled ears.

[QUESTION]Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Jonah, you drive a beat-up car from the 1980s. For this reason, we can never allow you to be a lifeguard at the community pool.

[OPTIONS](A) ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent (B) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other

ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent

The text argues that people who drive old cars are likely to be poor lifeguards. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to someone's qualifications to be a lifeguard. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Dr. Molina is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.

[OPTIONS](A) hyperbole (B) oxymoron

hyperbole

The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. Take him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.

[QUESTION]Which sentence states a fact?

[OPTIONS](A) Abraham Lincoln was one of the greatest American presidents. (B) Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was elected in 1860.

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was elected in 1860.

The first sentence states a fact. Abraham Lincoln, the 16 th president of the United States, was elected in 1860. It can be proved by looking up the year that Abraham Lincoln was elected president. The second sentence states an opinion. Abraham Lincoln was one of the greatest American presidents. Greatest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a president great at his or her job.

[QUESTION]Compare the motion of three bicycles. Which bicycle was moving at the highest speed?

[OPTIONS](A) a bicycle that moved 70miles north in 10hours (B) a bicycle that moved 55miles west in 10hours (C) a bicycle that moved 305miles east in 10hours

a bicycle that moved 305miles east in 10hours

Look at the distance each bicycle moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each bicycle moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each bicycle moved for 10 hours. The bicycle that moved 305 miles moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that bicycle must have moved at the highest speed.

[QUESTION]Select the mammal below.

[OPTIONS](A) sea otter (B) salmon

sea otter

A sea otter is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. A salmon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? cutting an apple shaking up salad dressing

[OPTIONS](A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are only physical changes.

Both are only physical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Cutting an apple is a physical change. The apple gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter as the uncut apple. Shaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]Which phrase has a more negative connotation?

[OPTIONS](A) complain about something (B) talk about something

complain about something

Complain about something has a more negative connotation. If you complain about something, you talk about it in a whiny way.

[QUESTION]Would you find the word nimble on a dictionary page with the following guide words? nation - next

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

no

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since nimble is not between the guide words nation - next, it would not be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Select the vertebrate.

[OPTIONS](A) bull ant (B) red-kneed tarantula (C) chinchilla (D) comet moth

chinchilla

Like other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A chinchilla is a mammal. Like other mammals, a chinchilla is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A comet moth is an insect. Like other insects, a comet moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. A copper statue turning green is a ().

[OPTIONS](A) physical change (B) chemical change

chemical change

A copper statue turning green is a chemical change. The copper reacts with oxygen in the air. This reaction forms a different type of matter called copper oxide. The copper oxide is green.

[QUESTION]What is the expected ratio of offspring with brown eyes to offspring with red eyes? Choose the most likely ratio.

[OPTIONS](A) 3:1 (B) 1:3 (C) 2:2 (D) 4:0 (E) 0:4

4:0

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with brown eyes or red eyes, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for brown eyes, is dominant over the e allele, which is for red eyes. Brown eyes is the dominant allele's version of the eye color trait. A guinea pig with the dominant version of the eye color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the eye color gene. So, offspring with brown eyes must have the genotype EE or Ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee. Red eyes is the recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. A guinea pig with the recessive version of the eye color trait must have only recessive alleles for the eye color gene. So, offspring with red eyes must have the genotype ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with brown eyes to offspring with red eyes is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with brown eyes. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with red eyes.

[QUESTION]Which of the following organisms is the secondary consumer in this food web?

[OPTIONS](A) green algae (B) water flea (C) rotifer

rotifer

Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, secondary consumers have arrows pointing to them from primary consumers. Primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The shiner has an arrow pointing to it from the water flea. The water flea is a primary consumer, so the shiner is a secondary consumer. The green algae does not have any arrows pointing to it, so it is not a secondary consumer. The rotifer has an arrow pointing to it from the water flea. The water flea is a primary consumer, so the rotifer is a secondary consumer. The water flea has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is not a primary consumer, so the water flea is not a secondary consumer.

[QUESTION]What is the mass of a full bag of groceries?

[OPTIONS](A) 9 tons (B) 9 ounces (C) 9 pounds

9 pounds

The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 9 pounds. 9 ounces is too light and 9 tons is too heavy.

[QUESTION]Look at the picture. Which word best describes how this toast smells?

[OPTIONS](A) burnt (B) lemony (C) fruity

burnt

Look at the picture. The word burnt describes how this toast smells. You can tell by looking at the toast's dark color. Fruity and lemony can also describe how something smells. But they do not describe this toast.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Emily and Herman's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Does Emily's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax? (B) Does Emily's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?

Does Emily's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The () sun beat down upon the heads of the construction workers.

[OPTIONS](A) cruel (B) hot

cruel

Complete the sentence with the word cruel. It describes the sun as if it were a mean person.

[QUESTION]Complete the statement. Ethane is ().

[OPTIONS](A) an elementary substance (B) a compound

a compound

You can tell whether ethane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for ethane, C2 H6, contains two atomic symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that ethane is composed of two chemical elements bonded together. Since ethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethane is a compound.

[QUESTION]Which change best matches the sentence? A lake dries up after many years of no rain.

[OPTIONS](A) erosion (B) meteorite crash (C) drought

drought

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) Mrs. Harper informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately. (B) Mrs. Harper told her assistant to book a flight to Cedarburg immediately.

Mrs. Harper informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Mrs. Harper or her assistant. Mrs. Harper informed her assistant that she had to book a flight to Seoul immediately. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Mrs. Harper told her assistant to book a flight to Cedarburg immediately.

[QUESTION]Complete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Edna rode down the hill.

[OPTIONS](A) decreased (B) stayed the same (C) increased

decreased

Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed. The bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Edna started sledding. As Edna rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Edna rode down the hill.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Janet's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Does the amount of water in a glass affect whether eggs sink or float in the water? (B) Are eggs more likely to float in fresh water or salty water?

Are eggs more likely to float in fresh water or salty water?

[QUESTION]Which letter marks the location of ancient Egypt?

[OPTIONS](A) C (B) A (C) B (D) D

A

Ancient Egypt is located in northeastern Africa, along the Nile River. Locate the Nile River on the map. Ancient Egyptian civilization began along the Nile River. The Nile is closest to label A, which marks the location of ancient Egypt. Zoom into Egypt! Ancient Egypt was divided into two main territories: Lower Egypt was close to the mouth, or end, of the Nile River, which flowed into the Mediterranean Sea. Upper Egypt was closer to the source, or beginning, of the Nile River. So, Lower Egypt is in northern Egypt and Upper Egypt is in southern Egypt.

[QUESTION]Select the liquid.

[OPTIONS](A) chalk (B) water in a sink (C) flower petals (D) stuffed rabbit

water in a sink

A flower petal is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When a butterfly lands on a flower petal, the petal may bend. But the petal will still have its own shape. Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own. A stuffed rabbit is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you hold a stuffed rabbit in your hands, the stuffed rabbit still has a size and shape of its own. The water in a sink is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you move the water from a sink into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.