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Sharukesh
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Solid_state_hydrogen_storage

Id string	Abstract string	Summary string	Unnamed: 3 string
!001	Efficient storage technology (absorption and desorption) is the key to boom the application of hydrogen as energy storage media. Among the solid-state hydrogen storage materials, magnesium-based material exhibits many advantages and is considered one of the most promising materials. However, the disadvantages including poor hydrogen absorption, desorption kinetics and high operating temperature still need to be modified. The addition of catalysts is one of the optimal ways to improve the kinetic performance of MgH2. However, transition metal-based catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance. This work mainly summarizes the addition of Co/Ni/Fe-based catalysts on the hydrogen storage performances of Mg. While examining the differences in the performance of each catalyst, some future research perspectives are also illustrated.	Among the solid-state hydrogen storage materials, magnesium-based material exhibits many advantages and is considered one of the most promising materials. However, the disadvantages including poor hydrogen absorption, desorption kinetics and high operating temperature still need to be modified.	_
!002	Developing safer and more efficient hydrogen storage technology is a pivotal step to realizing the hydrogen economy. Owing to the lightweight, high hydrogen storage density and abundant reserves, MgH2 has been widely studied as one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials. However, defects such as stable thermodynamics, sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay have seriously hindered its practical application. This article reviews recent advances in catalyst doping and nanostructures for improved kinetic performance of MgH2/Mg systems for hydrogen release/absorption, the tuning of their thermodynamic stability properties by alloying and reactant destabilization, and the dual thermodynamic and kinetic optimization of the MgH2/Mg system achieved by nanoconfinement with in situ catalysis and ball milling with in situ aerosol spraying, aiming to open new perspectives for the scale-up of MgH2 for hydrogen storage applications.	Owing to the lightweight, high hydrogen storage density and abundant reserves, MgH2 has been widely studied as one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials. However, defects such as stable thermodynamics, sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity decay have seriously hindered its practical application.	_
!003	MgH2, as one of the typical solid-state hydrogen storage materials, has attracted extensive attention. However, the slow kinetics and poor cycle stability limit its application. In this work, LiBH4 and YNi5 alloy were co-added as additives to MgH2 via ball milling, thereby realizing an excellent dehydrogenation performance and good cycle stability at 300 °C. The MgH2-0.04LiBH4-0.01YNi5 composite can release 7 wt.% of hydrogen in around 10 min at 300 °C and still have a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 6.42 wt.% after 110 cycles, with a capacity retention rate as high as 90.3 % based on the second dehydrogenation capacity. The FTIR results show that LiBH4 can reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen throughout the hydrogen ab/desorption process, which contributes a portion of the reversible hydrogen storage capacity to the MgH2-0.04LiBH4-0.01YNi5 composite. Due to the small amount of LiBH4 and YNi5, the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH2 did not decrease significantly, nor did the dehydrogenation enthalpy (∆H) change. However, the MgNi3B2 and in-situ formed YH3 during the hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles is not only beneficial to the improvement of the kinetics performance for MgH2 but also improves its cycle stability. This work provides a straightforward method for developing high reversible hydrogen capacity on Mg-based hydrogen storage materials with moderate kinetic performance.	MgH2, as one of the typical solid-state hydrogen storage materials, has attracted extensive attention. However, the slow kinetics and poor cycle stability limit its application.	_
!004	MgH2 has been attracted extensive attention because of its superior hydrogen storage performance and good reversibility. Further improvement of its kinetics and thermodynamic performances is needed to achieve widespread application. This article investigated the hydrogen storage properties of the thermodynamic optimized Mg-TiCrV hydrogen storage composite modified by layered Ti3C2 materials containing different 3d transition metal particles (Fe, Co, Ni). Mg-TiCrV/Ti3C2-X (X = Fe, Co, Ni) composites can absorb more than 5.30 wt% hydrogen within 1 min at 453 K under 3 MPa hydrogen pressure, and desorb more than 5.25 wt% hydrogen within 60 min at 543 K to 0.1 MPa. In particular, Mg-TiCrV/Ti3C2-Ni composite exhibited the best hydrogen storage properties, which can desorb 4.98 wt% hydrogen within 60 min at 523 K to 0.1 MPa hydrogen pressure and absorb 5.80 wt% hydrogen within 1 min at 453 K under 3 MPa hydrogen pressure. Structural analysis shows that the synergistic effect of layered material Ti3C2 and Ni particles promote the hydrogen release and uptake process.	MgH2 has been attracted extensive attention because of its superior hydrogen storage performance and good reversibility. Further improvement of its kinetics and thermodynamic performances is needed to achieve widespread application.	_
!005	The design of catalysts with excellent catalytic activity plays an important role in the field of solid-state hydrogen storage of new energy sources. Herein, a novel hydrangea-like NiO@NiMoO4 composite catalyst was prepared through a facile hydrothermal reaction. Subsequently, NiO@NiMoO4 was doped into MgH2 by ball milling to solve the problems of high dehydrogenation temperature and slow desorption kinetics of MgH2. It can be seen from the experimental results that the MgH2 + 10 wt% NiO@NiMoO4 composite starts to dehydrogenate at about 190 °C, which is about 170 °C lower than that of pure MgH2. Meanwhile, after complete dehydrogenation, the composites can start to absorb hydrogen below 40 °C. Compared with pure MgH2, the activation energy of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation of the composite decreased by 47.6 kJ/mol and 46.5 kJ/mol, respectively. In 10th cycle tests, the MgH2 + 10 wt% NiO@NiMoO4 composite still has good cycle stability. After adding a small amount of biomass charcoal, the hydrogen storage capacity can even be maintained above 97%. Furthermore, the characterization results show that the in situ generated new species Mo and Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 synergistically promote the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen. This new synergistic mechanism provides new comprehensive insights for improving reversible hydrogen storage in MgH2	Meanwhile, after complete dehydrogenation, the composites can start to absorb hydrogen below 40 °C. After adding a small amount of biomass charcoal, the hydrogen storage capacity can even be maintained above 97%.	_
!006	The 0.55LiBH4-0.45Mg(BH4)2 (LMBH) eutectic composite is promising for solid-state hydrogen storage, as it exhibits a high hydrogen capacity and a very low initial dehydrogenation temperature. However, its main hydrogen release steps still require higher temperatures. In the present study, few-layer Ti2C has been synthesized and utilized as catalysts in the LMBH. Compositing LMBH with varying amounts of Ti2C (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) results in low initial dehydrogenation temperatures (164–110 °C), fast desorption rates and high hydrogen capacities (7.5–10.5 wt%) at a low temperature of 260 °C. The LMBH-30Ti2C composite yields 6.5 wt% H2 even at as low as 200 °C. Additionally, the LMBH-30Ti2C composite could reversibly store 3.5 wt% H2 during the second to fourth dehydrogenation cycles without degradation. The outstanding hydrogen storage performance could be attributed to decomposition driven by reactions between high-valence Ti ions and LMBH, the in-situ formation of the active metal Ti catalyst, and the prevention of aggregation in the Ti2C-doped LMBH. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.	However, its main hydrogen release steps still require higher temperatures. Compositing LMBH with varying amounts of Ti2C (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) results in low initial dehydrogenation temperatures (164–110 °C), fast desorption rates and high hydrogen capacities (7.5–10.5 wt%) at a low temperature of 260 °C.	_
!007	Magnesium hydride is one of the most sought-after materials for solid state hydrogen storage due to its low cost and high gravimetric capacity (7.6 wt% hydrogen). However, high temperature of desorption (>350 °C) and slow kinetics limit its use for commercial on-board applications. In this work, accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique has been utilized to synthesise Mg–LaNi5–Mg2Ni-soot hybrid with enhanced hydrogen storage properties. It is seen that the hybrid absorbs ∼6.2 wt% hydrogen at a plateau pressure of ∼2 bar at 300 °C and exhibits fast kinetics with ∼6.6 wt% hydrogen absorption within ∼30 min at 300 °C and 20 bar hydrogen pressure. The role of Mg2Ni as a catalyst as well as hydrogen absorbing medium provides an effect akin to ‘hydrogen pump’, thus enhancing the rate of hydrogen absorption. Presence of carbon in various forms such as aciniform, carbonaceous microgel and cenospheres (derived from soot) plays a vital role by providing channels for diffusion of hydrogen through the hybrid. The ARB technique provides an inexpensive and scalable method of synthesis of Mg based hybrids with large number of interfaces and high amount of strain leading to enhanced hydrogen storage properties. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	However, high temperature of desorption (>350 °C) and slow kinetics limit its use for commercial on-board applications. In this work, accumulative roll bonding (ARB) technique has been utilized to synthesise Mg–LaNi5–Mg2Ni-soot hybrid with enhanced hydrogen storage properties.	_
!008	Herein, a novel approach by designing Schottky-structured CoNi nano-alloys were introduced. After compositing with MgH2, its initial hydrogen absorption started at a low temperature of 40 °C. At a temperature of 300 °C, 6.5 wt% of H2 was released in only 10 min. Furthermore, the kinetic analysis revealed a pivotal transformation in the control model for dehydrogenation of MgH2, shifted from surface penetration to diffusion at a moderate temperature of 250 °C with the introduction of CoNi-CoO@rGO. After modification, the activation energy for hydrogen de/absorption decreased from 116 kJ/mol and 79.39 kJ/mol, to 66 kJ/mol and 54.39 kJ/mol, respectively. It is noteworthy that the CoNi-CoO@rGO-modified MgH2 exhibited excellent cycling performance, retained an impressive hydrogen storage capacity of 97% after 20 cycles at 300 °C. The innovation of this work lies in the following three aspects: 1) the uniform distribution of CoNi-CoO@rGO nanoparticles on the surface of MgH2 significantly enhanced the contact area and promoted the catalytic activity, 2) the synergistic effect between Mg2Co-Mg2CoH5 and Mg2Ni-Mg2NiH4 attenuate the intensity of the Mg-H bond and quickened the post-discharge of MgH2, 3) the incorporation of a CoO-induced Schottky structure accelerated the H transfer in MgH2 and improved the hydrogen absorption and release efficiency. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.	After compositing with MgH2, its initial hydrogen absorption started at a low temperature of 40 °C. It is noteworthy that the CoNi-CoO@rGO-modified MgH2 exhibited excellent cycling performance, retained an impressive hydrogen storage capacity of 97% after 20 cycles at 300 °C.	_
!009	Despite the promise of TiFe-based alloys as low-cost solid-state hydrogen storage materials with mild operating conditions and reasonable hydrogen capacity, their initial hydrogenation process is difficult, hindering broad utilization. The effect of alloying element on the initial hydrogenation kinetics of TiFe alloys, TiFe0.9M0.1 (M = V, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni), was evaluated by analyzing changes to the passivating surface oxide layer that inhibits hydrogen permeation, as well as the ease of initial-stage hydrogen absorption into the underlying matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atom probe tomography revealed key variations in surface oxide compositions and thinning of the passivating oxide layer compared to pure TiFe, which suggests suppressed oxide growth by alloying-induced elemental redistribution. At the same time, density functional theory calculations predicted exothermic formation of hydride nuclei when alloying with V or Cr, as well as a reduced nucleation barrier when alloying with Co or Ni. Overall, these results are consistent with the observed experimental trend of the activation kinetics. We propose that improvements in activation kinetics of TiFe with alloying arises from the combined effect of reduced passivating oxide thickness and easier hydride nucleation, offering a starting point for alloy design strategies towards further improvement. © 2022 The Author(s)	At the same time, density functional theory calculations predicted exothermic formation of hydride nuclei when alloying with V or Cr, as well as a reduced nucleation barrier when alloying with Co or Ni. We propose that improvements in activation kinetics of TiFe with alloying arises from the combined effect of reduced passivating oxide thickness and easier hydride nucleation, offering a starting point for alloy design strategies towards further improvement.	_
!010	NaH and LiH are theoretically capable of storing hydrogen, but several challenges remain to be overcome before they can be widely used for hydrogen storage. In this study, LiH and NaH were ball-milled and the effect of surface area and hydrogen pressure on hydrogen storage capacity was investigated using the solid-state hydrogen storage method. XRD patterns and Raman spectra show significant shifts in main peak positions of LiH and NaH after hydrogen adsorption. BET analysis shows a significant increase in the specific surface area of LiH and NaH from 6.25 m2/g to 12.35 m2/g and from 1.34 m2/g to 2.33 m2/g respectively due to ball milling. The FTIR spectra showed more bonds in the 400–1200 cm⁻1 fingerprint region after storing hydrogen in LiH and NaH. This suggests structural changes with enhanced bond bending due to hydrogen. At 9 bar pressure, LiH and NaH exhibited excellent hydrogen storage, with ball-milled LiH reaching about 3.55 wt% and 652 sccm, and NaH achieving approximately 1.58 wt% and 291 sccm. These results highlight the significant influence of surface area and hydrogen pressure on hydrogen storage potential. Incorporating the storage potential within the evaluation of PEM fuel cell performance, we suggest that an increased storage capacity directly corresponds to an augmented power density. The analysis of power density over time revealed that the hydrogen adsorbed ball-milled LiH exhibited the highest power density, peaking at 0.075 Wcm−2 over the long term. In contrast, LiH displayed a lower power density (0.025 Wcm−2) while maintaining its long-term performance. The hydrogen adsorbed NaH and hydrogen adsorbed ball-milled NaH displayed power densities 0.050 Wcm−2 and 0.073 Wcm−2, respectively, but they showed short-term performance. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.	This suggests structural changes with enhanced bond bending due to hydrogen. In contrast, LiH displayed a lower power density (0.025 Wcm−2) while maintaining its long-term performance.	_
!011	The first principle of calculation is a computational technique based on quantum mechanics that may precisely determine the ground-state electronic structure and associated mechanical and thermodynamic characteristics of solid materials. This study explains the history of first-principles development, calculation techniques, and the use of ultra-soft pseudopotential in hydrogen storage materials based on an inquiry and analysis of the findings of previous research. This paper primarily reviews the research progress of first principles in improving two-dimensional hydrogen storage materials, metal-organic framework materials, alkali metal-base composite hydrides, and metal-base hydrogen storage materials in order to speculate on the hydrogen storage mechanisms of materials. It is possible to estimate the location of hydrogen adsorption in a material by computing its electronic structure, band structure, electron density, and lattice vibration. This information is then used to compute the hypothetical new hydrogen storage material. Finally, the direction of first-principles computing in hydrogen storage materials is anticipated. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	The first principle of calculation is a computational technique based on quantum mechanics that may precisely determine the ground-state electronic structure and associated mechanical and thermodynamic characteristics of solid materials. This information is then used to compute the hypothetical new hydrogen storage material.	_
!012	Magnesium hydride is one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials for on-board application. Hydrogen desorption from MgH2 is accompanied by the formation of the Mg/MgH2 interfaces, which may play a key role in the further dehydrogenation process. In this work, first-principles calculations have been used to understand the dehydrogenation properties of the Mg(0001)/MgH2(110) interface. It is found that the Mg(0001)/MgH2(110) interface can weaken the Mg–H bond. The removal energies for hydrogen atoms in the interface zone are significantly lower compared to those of bulk MgH2. In terms of H mobility, hydrogen diffusion within the interface as well as into the Mg matrix is considered. The calculated energy barriers reveal that the migration of hydrogen atoms in the interface zone is easier than that in the bulk MgH2. Based on the hydrogen removal energies and diffusion barriers, we conclude that the formation of the Mg(0001)/MgH2(110) interface facilitates the dehydrogenation process of magnesium hydride. © 2024 The Authors	Magnesium hydride is one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials for on-board application. In terms of H mobility, hydrogen diffusion within the interface as well as into the Mg matrix is considered.	_
!013	Hydrogen storage is a key link in hydrogen economy, where solid-state hydrogen storage is considered as the most promising approach because it can meet the requirement of high density and safety. Thereinto, magnesium-based materials (MgH2) are currently deemed as an attractive candidate due to the potentially high hydrogen storage density (7.6 wt%), however, the stable thermodynamics and slow kinetics limit the practical application. In this study, we design a ternary transition metal sulfide FeNi2S4 with a hollow balloon structure as a catalyst of MgH2 to address the above issues by constructing a MgH2/Mg2NiH4-MgS/Fe system. Notably, the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of MgH2 has been significantly improved due to the synergistic catalysis of active species of Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4, MgS and Fe originated from the MgH2-FeNi2S4 composite. The hydrogen absorption capacity of the MgH2-FeNi2S4 composite reaches to 4.02 wt% at 373 K for 1 h, a sharp contrast to the milled-MgH2 (0.67 wt%). In terms of dehydrogenation process, the initial dehydrogenation temperature of the composite is 80 K lower than that of the milled-MgH2, and the dehydrogenation activation energy decreases by 95.7 kJ·mol–1 compared with the milled-MgH2 (161.2 kJ·mol–1). This method provides a new strategy for improving the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation performance of the MgH2 material. © 2022	Hydrogen storage is a key link in hydrogen economy, where solid-state hydrogen storage is considered as the most promising approach because it can meet the requirement of high density and safety. Thereinto, magnesium-based materials (MgH2) are currently deemed as an attractive candidate due to the potentially high hydrogen storage density (7.6 wt%), however, the stable thermodynamics and slow kinetics limit the practical application.	_
!014	Given its significant gravimetric hydrogen capacity advantage, lithium alanate (LiAlH4) is regarded as a suitable material for solid-state hydrogen storage. Nevertheless, its outrageous decomposition temperature and slow sorption kinetics hinder its application as a solid-state hydrogen storage material. This research’s objective is to investigate how the addition of titanium silicate (TiSiO4) altered the dehydrogenation behavior of LiAlH4. The LiAlH4–10 wt% TiSiO4 composite dehydrogenation temperatures were lowered to 92 °C (first-step reaction) and 128 °C (second-step reaction). According to dehydrogenation kinetic analysis, the TiSiO4-added LiAlH4 composite was able to liberate more hydrogen (about 6.0 wt%) than the undoped LiAlH4 composite (less than 1.0 wt%) at 90 °C for 2 h. After the addition of TiSiO4, the activation energies for hydrogen to liberate from LiAlH4 were lowered. Based on the Kissinger equation, the activation energies for hydrogen liberation for the two-step dehydrogenation of post-milled LiAlH4 were 103 and 115 kJ/mol, respectively. After milling LiAlH4 with 10 wt% TiSiO4, the activation energies were reduced to 68 and 77 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the LiAlH4 particles shrank and barely aggregated when 10 wt% of TiSiO4 was added. According to the X-ray diffraction results, TiSiO4 had a significant effect by lowering the decomposition temperature and increasing the rate of dehydrogenation of LiAlH4 via the new active species of AlTi and Si-containing that formed during the heating process. © 2023 by the authors.	Given its significant gravimetric hydrogen capacity advantage, lithium alanate (LiAlH4) is regarded as a suitable material for solid-state hydrogen storage. After milling LiAlH4 with 10 wt% TiSiO4, the activation energies were reduced to 68 and 77 kJ/mol, respectively.	_
!015	The development of alloys that are hydrogenated and dehydrogenated quickly and actively at room temperature is a challenge for the safe and compact storage of hydrogen. In this study, a new high-entropy alloy (HEA) with AB-type configuration (A: hydride-forming elements, B: inert-to-hydrogen elements) was designed by considering valence electron concentration, electronegativity difference and atomic-size mismatch of elements. The alloy TiV2ZrCrMnFeNi had dual C14 Laves and BCC phases, in which C14 stored hydrogen and BCC/C14 interphase boundaries contributed to activation. The alloy absorbed 1.6 wt% of hydrogen at room temperature without any activation treatment and exhibited fast kinetics and full reversibility. © 2023 Acta Materialia Inc.	In this study, a new high-entropy alloy (HEA) with AB-type configuration (A: hydride-forming elements, B: inert-to-hydrogen elements) was designed by considering valence electron concentration, electronegativity difference and atomic-size mismatch of elements. The alloy absorbed 1.6 wt% of hydrogen at room temperature without any activation treatment and exhibited fast kinetics and full reversibility.	_
!016	The metal-hydrogen interaction and its equilibrium conditions allow for distinct properties in metal hydrides (MHs). Based on these properties, MHs have been found to enable a range of novel technologies from thermal compression to sensors, and catalysis. Ni-MH batteries are currently the main application of hydrides in the market. However, new battery concepts such as Li-MgH2, Mn-MH, and hydride-based solid electrolytes have emerged. Fuel cells based on hydrides have also been proposed to convert the chemical “hydride energy” into electrical energy. Based on their unique thermodynamic properties, MHs are also the basis of new concepts in hydrogen compression, heat pumps, cooling systems, and thermal energy storage. Other important applications, including catalysis and chemical speciation have also been considered owing the chemical properties of hydrides. Sensors and smart mirrors based on the dynamic optical, structural, and electrical properties of MHs have been developed. This review summarizes current state-of-the-art along the multiple applications of MHs and provides recommendations on the future progress required to enable a more widespread adoption of MHs beyond their use as hydrogen storage materials. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.	The metal-hydrogen interaction and its equilibrium conditions allow for distinct properties in metal hydrides (MHs). Based on their unique thermodynamic properties, MHs are also the basis of new concepts in hydrogen compression, heat pumps, cooling systems, and thermal energy storage.	_
!017	Solid state hydrogen storage addresses the problems of high pressurization in compressed gaseous state and energy intensive liquefaction in liquid state. Clathrate structures have shown promising results as host material for storing hydrogen as hydrate. The effect of different promoters on improving storage capabilities of clathrates have been studied at 263 K and 10 MPa hydrogen pressure. Hydrogen adsorption kinetics of four different clathrates using promoters Tetrahydrofuran, Tetrahydropyran, 1,3 Dioxolane and 2,3 Dihydrofuran with Multiwall Carbon nanotube as substrate was carried out. The results showed ∼1.5 wt% hydrogen adsorption within 90 min using CNT substrate. This is one of the first reports on usage of CNT as a substrate material for hydrogen storage in clathrate systems. It was observed that CNT shows synergitic effect in the hydrogen adsorption with fast kinetics (less than 90 min). The weight of substrate material (CNT) was also taken into consideration while calculating the weight % of hydrogen adsorption. The present study also involves design and simulation of a hydrogen storage canister (using CNT based clathrate) with embedded helical coolant coils on COMSOL Multiphysics software to analyse the effects of temperature management on improving hydrogen storage capability of the clathrate reactor bed. Results of simulation includes variation of hydrate concentration and temperature in clathrate reactor bed with the passage of time. The theoretical studies pave way for validating the scalability of clatharates as a viable hydrogen energy system. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	Hydrogen adsorption kinetics of four different clathrates using promoters Tetrahydrofuran, Tetrahydropyran, 1,3 Dioxolane and 2,3 Dihydrofuran with Multiwall Carbon nanotube as substrate was carried out. It was observed that CNT shows synergitic effect in the hydrogen adsorption with fast kinetics (less than 90 min).	_
!018	The increasing energy demand and the worldwide energy crisis must be met in large part via the sustainable growth of hydrogen energy, since this economy is relied upon to provide clean and carbon-free energy carriers. It is anticipated that the growing demand for light and heavy fuel cell cars would stimulate the development of onboard solid-state hydrogen technology. The research here concentrates on the importance of various permeable substances such as polymers in general, metallic substances, and complex metal hydrides, even if Si nanostructures (SiNSs) have become known as the obvious contender for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. SiNSs have gained prominence as a leading candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. Renowned for their high storage capacity, SiNSs, including silicon nanowires and quantum dots, exhibit promising potential in addressing challenges associated with traditional hydrogen storage methods, positioning them as a key player in advancing clean and efficient energy storage technologies. SiNSs play a crucial role in advancing solid-state hydrogen storage technology. SiNSs, including silicon nanowires and quantum dots, exhibit high storage capacity. Despite challenges like surface oxidation, SiNS holds promise for efficient hydrogen storage, contributing to the development of sustainable energy solutions and mitigating the environmental impact associated with conventional automotive technologies. We focus on the processes that result in permeable silicon, nanowires made of porous silicon, and Si quantum dots. This investigation elucidates the characteristics and patterns of hydrogen's aid, the value of hydrogen power in automobiles for reducing global warming occurrences, and the potential of using SiNSs for hydrogen storage in tandem with other forms of transition and alkali earth materials to meet these difficulties. It demonstrates how catalysts are critical to fixing the current reversibility and desorption problems with hydrogen energy storage. As a result of the analysis, energy suppliers and Si-based fuel cells may be better able to tailor their services to individual customers' needs, which might boost the growth of the hydrogen energy industry. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd	SiNSs have gained prominence as a leading candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage systems. It demonstrates how catalysts are critical to fixing the current reversibility and desorption problems with hydrogen energy storage.	_
!019	Hydrogen plays a crucial role in the future energy landscape owing to its high energy density. However, finding an ideal storage material is the key challenge to the success of the hydrogen economy. Various solid-state hydrogen storage materials, such as metal hydrides, have been developed to realize safe, effective, and compact hydrogen storage. However, low kinetics and thermodynamic stability lead to a high working temperature and a low hydrogen sorption rate of the metal hydrides. Using scaffolds made from porous materials like silica to confine the metal hydrides is necessary for better and improved hydrogen storage. Therefore, this article reviews porous silica-based scaffolds as an ideal material for improved hydrogen storage. The outcome showed that confining the metal hydrides using scaffolds based on porous silica significantly increases their storage capacities. It was also found that the structural modifications of the silica-based scaffold into a hollow structure further improved the storage capacity and increased the affinity and confinement ability of the metal hydrides, which prevents the agglomeration of metal particles during the adsorption/desorption process. Hence, the structural modifications of the silica material into a fibrous and hollow material are recommended to be crucial for further enhancing the metal hydride storage capacity. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.	Using scaffolds made from porous materials like silica to confine the metal hydrides is necessary for better and improved hydrogen storage. Therefore, this article reviews porous silica-based scaffolds as an ideal material for improved hydrogen storage.	_
!020	This study describes the hydrogen storage performance of NaAlH4 with the addition of CuFe2O4 additive. The results were compared with undoped NaAlH4. For the first and second steps of dehydrogenation, the CuFe2O4-doped NaAlH4 liberated hydrogen at 150 °C and 220 °C, whereas as-milled NaAlH4 released hydrogen at 190 °C and 290 °C, respectively. The desorption kinetic analysis unveiled that the doped system liberated around 1.5 and 4.4 wt% hydrogen within 120 min at 150 and 200 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the undoped NaAlH4 only desorbed 0.5 and 3.6 wt% hydrogen, respectively, under identical conditions. The activation energy for the doped system at the first step of dehydrogenation was decreased from 114.7 to 92.5 kJ/mol, while reduced from 125.2 to 98.1 kJ/mol at the second stage. The synergistic impact between the in-situ formed Cu2O and Fe during the heating process indicated that these active species are superior in boosting the hydrogen storage performance of NaAlH4. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	The desorption kinetic analysis unveiled that the doped system liberated around 1.5 and 4.4 wt% hydrogen within 120 min at 150 and 200 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the undoped NaAlH4 only desorbed 0.5 and 3.6 wt% hydrogen, respectively, under identical conditions.	_
!021	The growing demand for energy and the need to reduce the carbon footprint has made green hydrogen a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source. Solid-state hydrogen storage aims to store hydrogen in a solid matrix, offering potential advantages such as higher safety and improved energy density compared to traditional storage methods such as compressed gas or liquid hydrogen. However, the development of efficient and economically viable solid-state storage materials is still a challenge, and research continues in this field. Borophene is a two-dimensional material that offers potential as an intermediate hydrogen storage material due to its moderate binding energy and reversible behavior. Its unique geometry and electronic properties also allow for higher hydrogen adsorption capacity than metal-based complex hydrides, surpassing the goals set by the U.S. Department of Energy. Borophene has shown great potential for hydrogen storage, but it is still not practical for commercial use. In this review, borophene nanomaterials chemical and physical properties are discussed, related to hydrogen storage and binding energy. The importance of borophene for hydrogen storage, the challenges it faces, and its future prospects are also being discussed. © 2023 The Author(s)	Borophene is a two-dimensional material that offers potential as an intermediate hydrogen storage material due to its moderate binding energy and reversible behavior. Its unique geometry and electronic properties also allow for higher hydrogen adsorption capacity than metal-based complex hydrides, surpassing the goals set by the U.S. Department of Energy.	_
!022	Magnesium hydride is considered as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen capacity. How to improve hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH2 is one of key issues for its practical applications. In this study, we synthesize a Mg–Ni–TiS2 composite through a solution-based synthetic strategy. In the as-prepared composite, the co-precipitated Mg and Ni nanoparticles are highly dispersed on TiS2 nanosheets. As a result, the activation energy for hydrogen desorption decreases to 79.4 kJ mol−1. Meanwhile, the capacity retention rate is kept at the level of 98% and only slight kinetic deterioration is caused after fifty hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles. Further investigation indicates that the superior hydrogen desorption kinetics is attributed to the synergistically catalytic effect of the in situ formed Mg2NiH4 and TiH2, and the remained TiS2. The excellent cycle stability is related not only to the inhibition effect of the secondary phases on powder agglomeration and crystallite growth of Mg and MgH2 but also to the prevention effect of MgS and TiS2 on redistribution of catalytic Mg2NiH4 and TiH2 nanoparticles during cycling. This work introduces a feasible approach to develop Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	As a result, the activation energy for hydrogen desorption decreases to 79.4 kJ mol−1. This work introduces a feasible approach to develop Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.	_
!023	For hydrogen to be successfully used as an energy carrier in a new renewable energy driven economy, more efficient hydrogen storage technologies have to be found. Solid-state hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides, such as sodium alanate (NaAlH4), is a well-researched candidate for this application. A series of NaAlH4/mesoporous carbon black composites, with high NaAlH4 content (50–90 wt%), prepared via ball milling have demonstrated significantly lower dehydrogenation temperatures with intense dehydrogenation starting at ∼373 K compared to bulk alanate's ≥ 456 K. Dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycling experiments have demonstrated partial hydrogenation at 6 MPa H2 and 423 K. The cycling experiments combined with temperature-programmed dehydrogenation and powder X-ray diffraction have given insight into the fundamental processes driving the H2 release and uptake in the NaAlH4/carbon composites. It is established that most of the hydrogenation behavior can be attributed to the Na3AlH6 ↔ NaH transition. © 2023 The Authors	Solid-state hydrogen storage in complex metal hydrides, such as sodium alanate (NaAlH4), is a well-researched candidate for this application. A series of NaAlH4/mesoporous carbon black composites, with high NaAlH4 content (50–90 wt%), prepared via ball milling have demonstrated significantly lower dehydrogenation temperatures with intense dehydrogenation starting at ∼373 K compared to bulk alanate's ≥ 456 K. Dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycling experiments have demonstrated partial hydrogenation at 6 MPa H2 and 423 K. The cycling experiments combined with temperature-programmed dehydrogenation and powder X-ray diffraction have given insight into the fundamental processes driving the H2 release and uptake in the NaAlH4/carbon composites.	_
!024	Hypothesis: With increased development and electricity generation, great care to energy storage systems is crucial to overcome the discontinuity in the renewable production. Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier for near future mobility, like automotive applications. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials including nanomaterials and layered systems are the key enablers to the future energy needs. However, the current materials are unable to meet all requirements in the storage capacity and commercialization. The hydrogen storage mechanisms (physical and chemical) are the key-points addressing the shortcomings in hydrogen absorption/adsorption in the interlayer space or on the surface of the material. All above require strategy for designing new hydrogen storage materials. Experiments: This review lays the recent foundations in the materials suitable for hydrogen storage particularly alloys, mixed metal oxides (MMOs), and their respective nanocomposites. Alloys and MMOs are two classes of materials with high discharge capacities, appropriate electrochemical performances, chemical stability, easy production pathways, and almost low cost. In the same vein, highly porous materials with a large surface area such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes and carbon materials are thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable. Findings: The literature review illustrates that it is crucial to develop new materials with large-surface area, homogeneous texture, active-conductive profiles, large oxygen vacancies and low-cost. Multiphase materials (nanocomposites/hybrids) composed of at least two of above-mentioned materials can meet the established requirements in this field. Also, the present paper demonstrates a general overview of promoted understanding of hydrogen storage mechanisms on alloy/MMOs-based compounds in the energy storage systems. It is hoped that these observations pave the potential exploration directions to dominate imminent challenges in solid-state hydrogen storage. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd	Findings: The literature review illustrates that it is crucial to develop new materials with large-surface area, homogeneous texture, active-conductive profiles, large oxygen vacancies and low-cost. It is hoped that these observations pave the potential exploration directions to dominate imminent challenges in solid-state hydrogen storage.	_
!025	As global energy consumption is rapidly climbing to maximum, fossil fuel resources face depletion on a global scale. The rapid depletion and higher energy demand consequences an escalation of energy prices originating from conventional sources as well as the release of greenhouse gases into the environment. Hydrogen as an alternative energy source merged as an ideal candidate, distinguished by its remarkable attributes and manifold advantages. It has an exceptional energy density of 120 MJ/kg and encompasses non-toxicity, sustainability, and a favorable environmental profile. Renewable and non-renewable sources can produce hydrogen and have versatile applications in transportation, power generation via fuel cells, and other industrial processes. Beyond having these advantages hydrogen has the benefits of energy security and can be produced locally. Nevertheless, commercial hydrogen has exceptionally low volumetric density under standard conditions which is the major obstacle in the way of its development. To cater this issue and to enhance its economic feasibility, two well-established methodologies are used by alterations in temperature and/or pressure conditions which facilitate the storage of hydrogen either in a pressurized gas or a cryogenic liquid. However, both methods incur energy consumption and pose safety concerns and complexity in the system, which raises the question of having other storage solutions. An emerging technology based on Solid-state hydrogen storage systems has recently gained substantial attention because of its high storage capacity and relatively mild temperature and pressure requirements. However, this technology is not yet mature enough because it doesn't fulfil the requirements to be implemented for industrial applications. But, intensive research in this field is underway to develop novel materials with enhanced performance at both the material and the system level. The current review report is focused on a comprehensive and in-depth comparative analysis of various hydrogen storage methods, with a major focus on the enhancement of the performance of the material which is suitable for solid-state hydrogen storage applications. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	Beyond having these advantages hydrogen has the benefits of energy security and can be produced locally. However, this technology is not yet mature enough because it doesn't fulfil the requirements to be implemented for industrial applications.	_
!026	Exceptionally porous crystals with ultrahigh adsorption capacities, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have received recognition as leading candidates for the promotion of solid-state hydrogen storage. MOFs are compelling adsorbents given their impressive uptake under stringent cryogenic and high-pressure conditions for physisorption. The use of high-throughput screening to rapidly identify potential candidates, the understanding of structure–property correlations through molecular simulations, and the use of machine learning to predict material properties offer a more efficient approach to meeting these stringent operational constraints. Furthermore, the open metal sites and customizable pore structures act make MOFs as catalysts or nanoconfinement matrices, facilitating enhancements in the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactive chemical hydrides. Strategically harnessing the tunability of MOFs could unlock vast, untapped potential for enabling high-density, reversible hydrogen storage under real-world conditions, aligned with sustainability needs. This review establishes MOFs as an innovative platform in solid-state hydrogen storage by intertwining material discovery with engineering principles. The comprehensive analysis and consolidation of the research provides new perspectives to broaden the scope of the investigation and drive the widespread deployment and development of hydrogen energy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.	Exceptionally porous crystals with ultrahigh adsorption capacities, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have received recognition as leading candidates for the promotion of solid-state hydrogen storage. Strategically harnessing the tunability of MOFs could unlock vast, untapped potential for enabling high-density, reversible hydrogen storage under real-world conditions, aligned with sustainability needs.	_
!027	Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising energy sources of the future, due to its low-cost, zero-pollution, and high-heat value. Nevertheless, traditional methods of storing hydrogen are commonly accompanied by the risk of leaks and explosions, so how to store and transport hydrogen safely and efficiently is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Solid-state hydrogen storage is the most attractive way to store hydrogen in nanomaterials by chemical or physical adsorption, which has the advantages of high energy density and good safety. Here, a rational Ni-Zn bimetallic MOF has been constructed by a straightforward synthetic technique, in which the Zn atom was partially replaced by the Ni atom. The micropore rate of the Ni-Zn bimetallic MOFs is higher than that of ZIF-8. In addition, the presence of Ni provides more unsaturated metal sites and strengthens the bonding between hydrogen molecules and Ni, effectively improving the hydrogen storage capacity of Ni-Zn bimetallic MOFs. The experimental results show that the hydrogen adsorption capacity of Ni-Zn bimetallic MOFs can reach 1.35 wt% at 77 K and 1 bar. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	Solid-state hydrogen storage is the most attractive way to store hydrogen in nanomaterials by chemical or physical adsorption, which has the advantages of high energy density and good safety. Here, a rational Ni-Zn bimetallic MOF has been constructed by a straightforward synthetic technique, in which the Zn atom was partially replaced by the Ni atom.	_
!028	Hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3) has attracted considerable interest as a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its high hydrogen content and easy preparation. In this work, pressure-induced phase transitions of N2H4BH3 were investigated using a combination of vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) up to 30 GPa. Our results showed that N2H4BH3 exhibits remarkable structural stability in a very broad pressure region up to 15 GPa, and then two phase transitions were identified: the first one is from the ambient-pressure Pbcn phase to a Pbca phase near 15 GPa; the second is from the Pbca phase to a Pccn phase near 25 GPa. As revealed by DFT calculations, the unusual stability of N2H4BH3 and the late phase transformations were attributed to the pressure-mediated evolutions of dihydrogen bonding frameworks, the compressibility and the enthalpies of the high-pressure polymorphs. Our findings provide new insight into the structures and bonding properties of N2H4BH3 that are important for hydrogen storage applications. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	In this work, pressure-induced phase transitions of N2H4BH3 were investigated using a combination of vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) up to 30 GPa. Our findings provide new insight into the structures and bonding properties of N2H4BH3 that are important for hydrogen storage applications.	_
!029	Magnesium hydride has great potential for solid-state hydrogen storage. However, high dehydrogenation temperature and sluggish hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics restrict its on-board automotive application. Hydrogen desorption from MgH2 is accompanied by the formation of Mg/MgH2 interfaces, which may play a key role in the further dehydrogenation process. In this work, first principles methods were used to understand the structural, electronic, energetic and hydrogen diffusion kinetic properties of pure and Ti-doped Mg(0001)/MgH2(110) interfaces. It is found that Ti interface doping can slightly increase the interfacial stability as revealed by the work of adhesion, interface energy and electronic structure. Additionally, for both the pure and Ti-doped Mg(0001)/MgH2(110) interfaces, the removal energies for the H atoms in the interface zone are significantly low compared with that of bulk MgH2. In terms of H mobility, the Ti dopant is beneficial for H atoms migrating from the inner layers to the interface for aggregation. Furthermore, hydrogen desorption from the two interfaces mainly takes place by hydrogen diffusion within the interface rather than across the interface into the Mg matrix, and Ti doping can enhance this process significantly. These theoretical observations for hydrogen diffusion behavior at the interface are further validated by fitting the isothermal dehydrogenation curves of MgH2-Ti with a series of kinetic models. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	It is found that Ti interface doping can slightly increase the interfacial stability as revealed by the work of adhesion, interface energy and electronic structure. These theoretical observations for hydrogen diffusion behavior at the interface are further validated by fitting the isothermal dehydrogenation curves of MgH2-Ti with a series of kinetic models.	_
!030	MgH2, a solid-state hydrogen storage material with high storage capacity, is facing the obstacles of high thermodynamic stability and slow reaction kinetics. Herein, different Vanadium (V) based catalysts (V2O5, Fe–V and V–Ni oxides) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and ball milled with MgH2 to modify its hydrogen storage property. It is observed that the dehydrogenation performance (initial dehydrogenation temperature and desorption rate) of Fe–V oxide doped MgH2 was the best, followed by V2O5 and V–Ni oxide modified systems. The MgH2+7 wt% Fe–V composite exhibited an onset dehydrogenation temperature of 200 °C, 128 °C lower compared with the original MgH2. The absorption performance of MgH2 was also greatly enhanced by Fe–V oxide. The 7 wt% Fe–V modified MgH2 after dehydrogenation began to charge hydrogen from 25 °C to 5.1 wt% hydrogen was absorbed at 150 °C. The activation energy for hydrogen uptake of MgH2 was reduced from 76.5 ± 3.4 kJ/mol to 41.2 ± 4.7 kJ/mol. Additionally, the MgH2+7 wt% Fe–V composite maintained 97.2% hydrogen capacity after10 cycles. Our work here proves that elements substitution is a feasible way to tune the catalytic effect of oxides and may shed light on designing catalysts with higher activation in the future. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd	The activation energy for hydrogen uptake of MgH2 was reduced from 76.5 ± 3.4 kJ/mol to 41.2 ± 4.7 kJ/mol. Our work here proves that elements substitution is a feasible way to tune the catalytic effect of oxides and may shed light on designing catalysts with higher activation in the future.	_
!031	In the burgeoning field of hydrogen energy, compositionally complex alloys promise unprecedented solid-state hydrogen storage applications. However, compositionally complex alloys are facing one main challenge: reducing alloy density and increasing hydrogen storage capacity. Here, we report TiMgLi-based compositionally complex alloys with ultralow alloy density and significant room-temperature hydrogen storage capacity. The record-low alloy density (2.83 g cm−3) is made possible by multi-principal-lightweight element alloying. Introducing multiple phases instead of a single phase facilitates obtaining a large hydrogen storage capacity (2.62 wt% at 50 °C under 100 bar of H2). The kinetic modeling results indicate that three-dimensional diffusion governs the hydrogenation reaction of the current compositionally complex alloys at 50 °C. The here proposed approach broadens the horizon for designing lightweight compositionally complex alloys for hydrogen storage purposes. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd	However, compositionally complex alloys are facing one main challenge: reducing alloy density and increasing hydrogen storage capacity. Here, we report TiMgLi-based compositionally complex alloys with ultralow alloy density and significant room-temperature hydrogen storage capacity.	_
!032	Solid-state hydrogen storage is a promising roadmap for the safe and efficient utilization of hydrogen energy due to its moderate operating environment and high hydrogen storage density. However, as a representative solid-state hydrogen storage material, magnesium hydride (MgH2) is significantly limited in the commercial application due to its sluggish kinetics in the dehydrogenation process. Single-atom catalysts are a promising solution to this dilemma. However, the promising graphene-based single-atom catalysts are not yet sufficient to meet the dehydrogenation needs in engineering. To further address this dilemma, we designed a novel γ-graphyne based single-atom catalysts including eight 3d transition metals for promoting the dehydrogenation process of MgH2. Through using spin-polarized density functional theory calculations, we found that the energy barrier for MgH2 dehydrogenation has been significantly reduced even to 0.70 eV, which is far lower than the current graphene-based single-atom catalyst. In detail, the migration trajectory of hydrogen atom in the dehydrogenation process has been observed and confirmed using the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. To investigate the intrinsic origin for its high catalytic activity of single-atom catalyst, we analyze the H[sbnd]Mg bond activation mechanism through the electron localization function, charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population. Finally, we found the relationship between energy barrier with electronic structure of single-atom catalyst, such as electrostatic potential and system electronegativity. This work can not only provide new ideas for the optimize of dehydrogenation catalyst, but also lay a theoretical foundation for the design of novel energy storage material. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd	To further address this dilemma, we designed a novel γ-graphyne based single-atom catalysts including eight 3d transition metals for promoting the dehydrogenation process of MgH2. Finally, we found the relationship between energy barrier with electronic structure of single-atom catalyst, such as electrostatic potential and system electronegativity.	_
!033	Researchers have focused on nanostructure materials in the last decade, which can play an essential role in storing hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is a future source of energy, having handling and storage challenges. In the new generation, solid-state materials have been used to store hydrogen gas as a metal hydride. Based on materials properties, Mg hydride is the most promising material to store hydrogen in a solid-state material. The theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium hydride is 7.6 wt% making it a more suitable material for hydrogen storage in the future. Instead of having high storage capacity, magnesium's practical application as a hydride is limited due to its low kinetics and high working temperature. Aside from the less thermo-stability of bulk MgH2, to achieve the maximum hydrogen storage capacity the decomposition required a higher temperature of about 300 °C with 1 bar pressure. As a result, it is necessary to optimize the stability of hydrogen and magnesium molecules to enhance kinetic and thermodynamic properties. The critical factors in improving hydrogenation properties are decreasing particle size (nano-scale) and adding various catalysts. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	In the new generation, solid-state materials have been used to store hydrogen gas as a metal hydride. The critical factors in improving hydrogenation properties are decreasing particle size (nano-scale) and adding various catalysts.	_
!034	In this study, structural, mechanical, electronic, dynamic, thermodynamic and hydrogen storage properties of MgX3H8 (X = Sc, Ti, Zr) were investigated by means of density functional theory which was not studied/reported experimentally or theoretically in the previous literature. This is the first thorough study about various properties of these materials. These materials were considered as promising potential host materials for solid state hydrogen storage. The evaluation of computed formation enthalpies of MgX3H8 (X = Sc, Ti, Zr), elastic constants, and phonon dispersion graphs revealed that MgX3H8 (X = Sc, Ti, Zr) is thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically stable and synthesizable. The analysis of B/G ratio, Cp and Poisson's ratio showed that MgSc3H8 is a brittle material whereas MgTi3H8 and MgZr3H8 are ductile materials. Moreover, anisotropy factor, machinability index, hardness, melting and Debye temperature of the materials were obtained and analysed in depth. The electronic band structures of MgX3H8 (X = Sc, Ti, Zr) illustrated metallic character since the bands (valence and conduction) intersect the Fermi level along the main symmetry directions. The phonon dispersion curves, and the partial state densities of the materials have positive frequencies, therefore, materials are dynamically stable in the cubic structure. The gravimetric hydrogen densities were calculated as 4.60 wt% for MgSc3H8, 4.38 wt% for MgTi3H8 and 2.56 wt% for MgZr3H8. The hydrogen desorption temperatures were computed as 239.54 K for MgSc3H8, 241.76 K for MgTi3H8 and 303.87 K for MgZr3H8. The mechanical properties of the materials suggest that they can be promising host materials for hydrogen storage. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd	In this study, structural, mechanical, electronic, dynamic, thermodynamic and hydrogen storage properties of MgX3H8 (X = Sc, Ti, Zr) were investigated by means of density functional theory which was not studied/reported experimentally or theoretically in the previous literature. This is the first thorough study about various properties of these materials.	_
!035	Solid-state hydrogen storage materials are safe and lightweight hydrogen carriers. Among the various solid-state hydrogen carriers, hydrogen boride (HB) sheets possess a high gravimetric hydrogen capacity (8.5 wt%). However, heating at high temperatures and/or strong ultraviolet illumination is required to release hydrogen (H2) from HB sheets. In this study, the electrochemical H2 release from HB sheets using a dispersion system in an organic solvent without other proton sources is investigated. H2 molecules are released from the HB sheets under the application of a cathodic potential. The Faradaic efficiency for H2 release from HB sheets reached >90%, and the onset potential for H2 release is −0.445 V versus Ag/Ag+, which is more positive than those from other proton sources, such as water or formic acid, under the same electrochemical conditions. The total electrochemically released H2 in a long-time experiment reached ≈100% of the hydrogen capacity of HB sheets. The H2 release from HB sheets is driven by a small bias; thus, they can be applied as safe and lightweight hydrogen carriers with economical hydrogen release properties. © 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.	However, heating at high temperatures and/or strong ultraviolet illumination is required to release hydrogen (H2) from HB sheets. The H2 release from HB sheets is driven by a small bias; thus, they can be applied as safe and lightweight hydrogen carriers with economical hydrogen release properties.	_
!036	Lithium is a popular lightweight material in the field of energy storage because of its hydrogen-binding properties and electrochemical advantages. The high hydrogen uptake capacity (∼12.6 wt%) of lithium hydride (LiH) is limited by the major thermodynamic constraint of requiring a higher temperature (∼700 °C) for desorption at 0.1 MPa. Incorporating a third element that creates Li phases during LiH dehydrogenation can help overcome thermodynamic constraints. This study involves modifying the hydrogen storage properties and thermodynamic characteristics of LiH through mechanical alloying with porous silicon (PS). Pressure composition isotherms measure the reversible hydrogen storage capacity (∼3.39 wt%) of LiH-PS alloy at different temperatures. The energy of hydrogen interaction is quantified by isosteric heat of absorption, which provides the enthalpy change in the reaction system. Hydrogen absorption and desorption enthalpies of 94.5 kJ (mol H2)−1 and 114.9 kJ (mol H2)−1 demonstrate the lowest energy demand among previously reported LiH alloys. The energy of hydrogen interaction is quantified by isosteric heat of absorption, which provides the enthalpy change in the reaction system. The hydride decomposition of the alloy indicates the possible range of hydrogen desorption. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	This study involves modifying the hydrogen storage properties and thermodynamic characteristics of LiH through mechanical alloying with porous silicon (PS). Pressure composition isotherms measure the reversible hydrogen storage capacity (∼3.39 wt%) of LiH-PS alloy at different temperatures.	_
!037	This investigation explores the solid-state hydrogen storage properties of two series of hydrogen storage alloys: (Ti0.85Zr0.15)xMn0.8CrFe0.2 (x = 1.00∼1.10) and (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.02MnyCr1.8-yFe0.2 (y = 1.00∼0.40) alloys. These alloys exhibit a single C14-Laves phase structure and demonstrate promising capabilities for solid-state hydrogen storage. The (Ti0.85Zr0.15)xMn0.8CrFe0.2 (x = 1.00∼1.10) alloys display an increased hydrogen absorption capacity and a reduced plateau pressure at higher super-stoichiometric ratios of x. When x = 1.10, the alloy achieves a maximum capacity of 1.86 wt%. The hydrogen storage capacity of the (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.02MnyCr1.8-yFe0.2 (y = 1.00∼0.40) alloys diminishes as the value of y decreases. Furthermore, the hydrogen absorption plateau pressure and hysteresis factor of the alloys increase with an escalating Mn/Cr ratio. The analysis of cyclic stability reveals that the primary factor contributing to poor cycling stability of the (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.02Mn0.4Cr1.4Fe0.2 alloy is the compositional decomposition, rather than pulverization or alterations in the phase structure. In summary, this investigation enhances our understanding of the solid-state hydrogen storage properties of these alloys. It establishes a foundation for further research and development in this pivotal field of hydrogen storage. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC	These alloys exhibit a single C14-Laves phase structure and demonstrate promising capabilities for solid-state hydrogen storage. It establishes a foundation for further research and development in this pivotal field of hydrogen storage.	_
!038	Hydrogen storage and transportation technology is the key part that affects the large-scale and commercial application of hydrogen energy, and it is also an important factor that influences the future development pattern of the world clean energy industry. Compared with several current hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, solid-state hydrogen storage technology plays an important role in the field of hydrogen storage and transportation with its high quality density and high safety. Starting from the principles of hydrogen storage based on chemical adsorption mechanism, the research progress and status quo of different solid-state hydrogen storage materials are introduced. From the perspective of raw materials, technology maturity, research projects and the number of patents, the development prospect of solid-state hydrogen storage technology in the future is analyzed. © 2023 Editorial Office of P.R.E.. All rights reserved.	Compared with several current hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, solid-state hydrogen storage technology plays an important role in the field of hydrogen storage and transportation with its high quality density and high safety. Starting from the principles of hydrogen storage based on chemical adsorption mechanism, the research progress and status quo of different solid-state hydrogen storage materials are introduced.	_
!039	Solid-state hydrogen storage is gradually becoming an effective way for the large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) has become a promising candidate among solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to its high hydrogen storage density, low cost and good safety. However, ambiguous H-Mg bond weakening mechanism of various catalysts on MgH2 hinders the development of novel catalysts for MgH2 dehydrogenation. To overcome this problem, we applied the model catalyst, single-atom catalyst with accurately characterizable coordination structure, to understand the interaction between catalyst and MgH2 surface through spin-polarized density-functional theory calculation. We constructed heterogeneous interface structures between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface including nine kinds of transition metal atoms. The interaction between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface has been well explored through bond length, electron localization function, charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population, providing the intrinsic information of H-Mg bond weakening mechanism over single-atom catalysts. This work can establish the foundational guide for the design of novel dehydrogenation catalysts. © 2024, The Author(s).	We constructed heterogeneous interface structures between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface including nine kinds of transition metal atoms. The interaction between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface has been well explored through bond length, electron localization function, charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population, providing the intrinsic information of H-Mg bond weakening mechanism over single-atom catalysts.	_
!040	In the process of building a new power system with new energy sources as the mainstay, wind power and photovoltaic energy enter the multiplication stage with randomness and uncertainty, and the foundation and support role of large-scale long-time energy storage is highlighted. Considering the advantages of hydrogen energy storage in large-scale, cross-seasonal and cross-regional aspects, the necessity, feasibility and economy of hydrogen energy participation in long-time energy storage under the new power system are discussed. Firstly, power supply and demand production simulations were carried out based on the characteristics of new energy generation in China. When the penetration of new energy sources in the new power system reaches 45%, long-term energy storage becomes an essential regulation tool. Secondly, by comparing the storage duration, storage scale and application scenarios of various energy storage technologies, it was determined that hydrogen storage is the most preferable choice to participate in large-scale and long-term energy storage. Three long-time hydrogen storage methods are screened out from numerous hydrogen storage technologies, including salt-cavern hydrogen storage, natural gas blending and solid-state hydrogen storage. Finally, by analyzing the development status and economy of the above three types of hydrogen storage technologies, and based on the geographical characteristics and resource endowment of China, it is pointed out that China will form a hydrogen storage system of “solid state hydrogen storage above ground and salt cavern storage underground” in the future. © 2023 by the authors.	Firstly, power supply and demand production simulations were carried out based on the characteristics of new energy generation in China. Finally, by analyzing the development status and economy of the above three types of hydrogen storage technologies, and based on the geographical characteristics and resource endowment of China, it is pointed out that China will form a hydrogen storage system of “solid state hydrogen storage above ground and salt cavern storage underground” in the future.	_