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H-D-T

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Buzz-slice-7-10

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[ { "from": "human", "value": "What is the difference between Missouri Route 165 and Missouri Route 126?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Missouri Route 165 Route 165 is a short highway in Taney County." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Where is it located?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Its northern terminus is at Route 76 in Branson; its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 65 south of Branson, in Hollister." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Is it near any scenic routes?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It is known locally as Gretna Road and crosses the Table Rock Lake Dam, along with Route 265." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "YouTube videos not available in Rekonq\n\nYouTube videos are not working on my Ubuntu 12.04.\nMost of the videos say \"Video not available at this moment\", but if you go to someones channel, it says \"undefinded\" but displays audio.\nBrowser is rekonq, but happens in every browser I have on Ubuntu.\nHelp will be appreciated, Thanks!\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is normal, you have to install the flash plugin, by going to tools, add-ons, and then you should see plugins. click on this. search shockwave flash and there it should be. Click install and when it is done the problem should be fixed\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a conversation between two people. 'Person1:' and 'Person2:' are used to separate their respective dialogues. If the conversation begins with a question, label it '1' otherwise '0'.\n\nExample Input: Person1: Fairly warm this morning , isn't it ? \n Person2: You're right.The air is so warm and everything looks so fresh and green . \n Person1: Say , how about a walk along the river ? \n Person2: Marvelous idea ? \nExample Output: 1\n\nExample Input: Person1: Hello , I would like to buy some business cards . \n Person2: Excellent . How many would you like ? \n Person1: Two thousand would be fine . \n Person2: You need to fill out this form , please . \n Person1: All I want is the same thing on this card . \n Person2: That will be no problem , sir . \n Person1: OK , I'm finished . Here's your form and my old card . \n Person2: Very good , sir . Your order will be ready in one week . \n Person1: Do you think you could finish it in three days ? \n Person2: No problem , sir . But it will cost you extra . \nExample Output: 0\n\nExample Input: Person1: Welcome , Mr . Sun . \n Person2: Thank you for your entertaining me . \n Person1: Today I'll invite you to enjoy the seafood.Please make yourself at home . \n Person2: Excuse me , what business are you looking after in Germany ? \n Person1: I am running Chinese arts and crafts . \n Person2: What arts and crafts are you interested in this time ? \n Person1: I hope to import some silk from Hangzhou to Germany . Can you help me ? \n Person2: Sure , I'll certainly help you do it . \nExample Output:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "0\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to recognize the name of company or organization. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.\n\nInput:\nI want to work dedicatedly for Microsoft Corporation\nOutput:\nMicrosoft Corporation\n\nInput:\nHyland provides a lot of perks to its employees\nOutput:\nHyland\n\nInput:\nAt the Eagleby Learning College Careers Day http://t.co/mf2I2OwSeX\nOutput:\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Eagleby Learning College" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Detailed Instructions: In this task, you get an English sentence and a corresponding Spanish translation of the English sentence. Your task is to return a \"Yes\" if the translation is correct, otherwise return \"No\"\nQ: English: Finally, I would stress that we have been asking the Council and the Commission since July to take forceful action to secure the release of the 3 000 Kosovar prisoners and Mrs Brovina, Mr Jurti and Mr Hoti. \n Spanish:Subrayo, finalmente, que, desde el mes de julio, pedimos una acción enérgica del Consejo y de la Comisión para liberar a los tres mil prisioneros kosovares, a la Sra. Brovina, al Sr. Kurti y al Sr. Hoti.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Example conversation: DIALOG:\nWhat is the difference between the Central King Building and the New Jersey Institute of Technology?\n- Central King Building The Central King Building at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) was originally built as the Central Commercial and Manual Training School .\n- What did the school do?\n- \nIt housed a co-ed college/vocational preparatory school which provided students with \"a happier and more healthful environment than their own homes\".\n\n\nRead the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat does Thora do with the thorium?\n- She takes the thorium and leaves everyone in the vault with armed plasma bombs which Volkoff deactivates with a portable EMP generator.\n- where is Volkoff brought to?\n- At Castle, Volkoff says goodbye to Mary before being returned to custody.\n- What happens to Alex?\n- \n\nAs Casey grows increasingly uncomfortable with Alex lying to her mother, he considers revealing himself to her mother.\n\n\nExample conversation: Write the response (start with \"Response:\") DIALOG:\nWhat is the loan of Ali Ferydoon from Al-Shamal?\n- Ali Ferydoon Ali Ferydoon (, born 1 January 1992) is an Iranian footballer who is a forward for Al-Shahania on loan from Al-Shamal .\n- What was his loan about?\n- \n\nResponse: He scored 19 goals for Al Shamal in the 2013–14 season and was Qatari 2nd Division's top scorer.\n\n\nSee the conversation examples, and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat was the pre-eminence of Zhang Hao?\n- \n\nZhang Hao (general) Zhang Hao (張顥) (died June 18, 908) was a guard commander for late Chinese Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi the Prince of Wu, who was the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and Yang Xingmi's son Yang Wo (Prince Wei of Hongnong) early in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.\n\n\nGet response for this dialogue: DIALOG:\nWhat does the Wolfrider Suntop have to do with the Chosen Eight?\n- Suntop's \"magic feeling\" alerts him to the fact that Winnowill is the \"evil presence\" that his mentor, Savah, warned him about when the Wolfriders left the village of Sorrow's End.\n- Is he part of a group?\n- \nDuring the resulting skirmish within the mountain, Winnowill dissuades the Wolfriders from fighting as she announces (falsely) that \"We are the High Ones!\" The Wolfriders are divided in their reactions to this news.\n\n\nExample conversation: Write the response (start with \"Response:\") DIALOG:\nAre there any other interesting aspects about this article about KSTU?\n- (Sinclair CEO Christopher Ripley cited Salt Lake City as one of three markets, out of fourteen where ownership conflicts exist between the two groups, where the proposed acquisition would most likely result in divestitures).\n- Did they end up having to sell off some of their properties?\n- Sinclair later announced that it would keep its existing assets and sell KSTU to a third party to be determined later, and reports speculated that Sinclair would sell KSTU back to Fox Television Stations.\n- Did they eventually sell KSTU?\n- \n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Response: On April 24, 2018, Sinclair announced that KSTU would be one of 23 stations sold to obtain approval for the merger, though it was one of seven stations for which a buyer was not disclosed (KMYU will concurrently be acquired by Howard Stirk Holdings)." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a command in a limited form of natural language, provide the correct sequence of actions that executes the command to thus navigate an agent in its environment. A command can be broken down into many different actions. Actions are uppercase and are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. The word 'opposite' turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output.\nOne example is below.\nQ: jump left\nA: I_TURN_LEFT I_JUMP\nRationale: The agent must first turn left and then jump in order to jump to the left.\nQ: look opposite right twice and jump right\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_JUMP" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: You are given a sentence in Portuguese. Your job is to translate the Portuguese sentence into English.\nInput: Penso que ajuda se virmos os camiões de despejo que transportam a terra, os maiores alguma vez construídos.\nOutput:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I find it helps actually to look at the dump trucks that move the earth, the largest ever built." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a sentence in English. Your job is to translate the English sentence into Italian.\n\nAt the level of the global political economy, imagine for a moment that our national currencies have a free-floating exchange rate, with a universal, global, digital currency, one that is issued by the International Monetary Fund, the G-20, on behalf of all humanity.\nA livello di politica economica globale, immaginate per un istante che la nostra moneta nazionale abbia un tasso di cambio libero di fluttuare, con una moneta digitale universale, globale, emessa dal Fondo Monetario Internazionale, il G20, per conto di tutta l'umanità.\n\nAnd therefore, for us to be human — in the greatest sense of what it means to be human, in the most joyful sense of what it means to be human — means that we too have to be proper stewards of the breath of divinity within us, and seek to perfect within ourselves the attribute of being, of being alive, of beingness; the attribute of wisdom, of consciousness, of awareness; and the attribute of being compassionate and loving beings.\nPer cui, per essere umani nel senso più alto del suo significato, e nel senso più gioioso, dobbiamo essere veri ambasciatori dell'alito divino che è dentro di noi e cercare di perfezionare dentro di noi l'attributo di essere, di essere vivi, della nostra essenza, l'attributo di saggezza, coscienza, consapevolezza, e l'attributo di esseri compassionevoli e amorevoli.\n\nBusiness as usual in healthcare is broken and we've got to do something different.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Il classico fare affari nella sanità è finito e dobbiamo fare qualcosa di diverso.\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Of the books standing in a row on a shelf, an atlas is the 30th book from the left and the 33rd book from the right. If 2 books to the left of the atlas and 7 books to the right of the atlas are removed from the shelf, how many books will be left on the shelf?\nAnswer Choices: (A) 53 (B) 57 (C) 58 (D) 61 (E) 63" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Let's reason about the multi-choice question.\n100%. There are total of 30+33-1=62 books and 2+7=9 books are removed, thus 62-9=53 books are left.\nThe answer is A." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "奥地利学派是啥" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "奥地利学派（Austrian School）是一种经济学思想体系，其诞生于19世纪末期在奥地利维也纳大学的经济学院。该学派强调市场经济体制、私有财产、个人自由和自主决策的重要性，并主张赞成政府干预经济的最小化，反对政府政策干预。\n\n奥地利学派被认为是一个重要的自由市场和个人自由方面的经济思想流派，其代表人物包括卡尔·门格尔、路德维希·冯·米塞斯和弗里德里希·哈耶克等。其主要思想包括价值理论、边际效用理论、自由银行制度、经济周期论及其治理等。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "马克思的价值理论和奥地利学派的价值理论一样么" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "不一样。马克思的价值理论是劳动价值论，认为商品的价值是由生产这个商品所需的社会必要劳动时间决定的。而奥地利学派的价值理论是边际效用理论，认为商品的价值是由其提供的边际效用（即最后一单位的消费所带来的效用）决定的。两者的价值理论存在本质上的差异。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "马克思主义的理论有哪些，现在主流学派是如何看待的" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "马克思主义的理论主要包括：\n1. 历史唯物主义：认为社会发展是由经济基础（生产关系）推动的，从而影响上层建筑（法律、文化等）的变化。\n2. 阶级斗争理论：认为人类社会的发展是阶级之间的斗争，经济基础的发展会导致阶级矛盾的加深。\n3. 价值和剩余价值理论：认为商品价值是由生产它所需的社会必要劳动时间决定的，工人创造的剩余价值是资本家剥削的来源。\n4. 科学社会主义：认为社会主义经济制度是历史发展的必然趋势，是实现人类自由和平等的最好方式。\n\n在当今主流学派中，马克思主义被视为一种重要理论流派，但并不是主流思潮。在经济学领域，马克思主义的经济学理论在西方世界的地位较为边缘化，但在一些发展中国家仍然具有广泛的影响力。在政治思想领域，马克思主义的理论仍然被广泛研究和应用，例如马克思主义的文化批判和阶级分析方法，仍然在左翼和进步思想领域发挥着重要的作用。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "什么是左翼，什么是右翼" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "左翼和右翼是起源于法国大革命时期的政治概念，最初指1791年法国议会中议员在左右两侧的不同立场。从那时起，左右翼一词就被用来区分政治立场和政治观点的不同。\n\n在现代政治学中，左翼通常指那些支持政府干预和社会改革以促进社会公平和社会正义的政治派别。例如，左翼可能会倡导社会福利和普及医疗保健、平等机会和收入调节等措施。\n\n而右翼通常指那些主张限制政府权力、强调个人自由和市场自由、发展自由企业等等的人群。例如，右翼可能会倡导政府少干涉经济领域，减少税收和监管以及加强国家安全和军事实力等。\n\n需要指出的是，左翼和右翼的定义因历史、时代、地区和政治制度不同而有所变化，不同的人对这些定义的理解也会有所不同。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "什么是证券，和股票有啥区别" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "证券泛指按规定模式发行的可以流通的证明证券持有者所有权利（包括债权、股权等），如公司债券、国债、股票等等，是具有一定可交易性的投资形式。\n\n股票是一种证券，是公司股份的所有权凭证，代表着持有股票数量的一部分所有权和控制权。股票投资者可以分享公司盈利，还可以享受股票价格上涨带来的资本利得。股票可以在股票交易所上市交易。\n\n因此，证券和股票之间的区别在于，股票是一种证券，但不是全部证券的代表。证券包括股票、债券等不同类型的证券，不同证券在投资上也有所不同，投资人需要根据自己的风险偏好和投资目标来选择不同类型的证券。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "除了股票和债券，还有其他形式的证券么" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "除了股票和债券，还有以下几种形式的证券：\n1. 期权：是指购买人在规定的时间内，以约定的价格买入或卖出特定的资产的权利，购买者需要支付期权费用，行权时可以选择是否行使权利。\n2. 期货：是以某一特定资产或指数为标的，在未来的某一日期，按合同规定的价格交割的金融衍生产品，期货可以用于避免价格波动带来的风险。\n3. 商品期货：是以大宗商品为标的，在一定时间内进行的权利和义务交割的金融工具。\n4. 外汇：是指一种国家货币与另一种国家货币之间的交易，外汇市场是全球最大的金融市场之一，外汇交易通常是按照汇率变化进行交易的。\n5. 衍生证券：是指由其他证券为基础而产生的证券，如股票期权、股指期货等。\n6. 基金：是一种将投资者的资金集中起来，由基金管理人以一定目标和策略进行的集合投资，可以分为股票基金、债券基金、货币基金等多种类型。\n7. 信托：是指信托资产管理公司托管投资人的资产，按合同约定的方式使用和分配资产收益的一种投资工具。信托可以分为集合信托和单一信托两种。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "股票和债券有啥区别，投资者应该注意什么" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "股票和债券的主要区别有：\n1.风险性质：股票属于风险较高的资产，而债券则相对较低；\n2. 投资回报：股票投资可能获得较高收益，但同时也承担着较大的损失风险，而债券的收益较为稳定；\n3. 所属领域：股票通常代表着公司股份，并且蕴含着公司经营的所有信息，而债券则是由公司或政府发行的债务工具。\n\n投资者在选择股票还是债券时，需要根据自己的风险承受能力和收益预期进行选择，并充分了解公司、政府的财务状况、盈利前景、市场走势和利率等因素，审慎地进行投资。\n\n投资股票时，需要注意公司的盈利稳定性、市场竞争环境、行业风险等因素，以及市场风险、操作风险等投资风险。\n\n投资债券时，需要注意信用风险、利率风险、央行政策变化等因素，并考虑债券期限、票面利率、信用评级等因素进行选择。\n\n综上所述，股票和债券都是有一定风险的证券，投资者需要根据自己的风险偏好和投资目标选择适合的证券种类，并且要做好投资前的风险评估和研究工作。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "投资债券需要注意什么" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "投资债券需要注意以下几个方面：\n\n1. 债券种类：根据需要的收益、期限、风险以及市场条件的不同来选择不同类型的债券，例如国债、企业债、中小企业私募债等，同时还需要对债券的发行机构有所了解，不同的发行机构信用风险不同。\n\n2. 债券期限：不同期限的债券有不同的利率和风险，长期债券通常会有更高的利率，但也会有更高的利率风险，短期债券通常安全性更高，但是利率较低。投资者需要根据自己的资产配置和风险承受能力来选择适合的债券期限。\n\n3. 利率和利率风险：需要关注债券的票面利率和市场利率的变动情况，了解利率风险对投资收益的影响。在利率上升时，债券价格会下跌，而在利率下降时，债券价格会上涨。\n\n4. 信用风险：债券发行人的信用状况是影响债券风险的重要因素。投资者需要考虑债券发行人的信用评级、资产负债状况、盈利能力等因素，评估其发行债券的信用风险。\n\n5. 市场行情：需要跟踪市场行情和宏观经济形势的变化，例如通货膨胀、利率波动、政策调整等对债券市场的影响，及时调整投资组合。\n\n总体而言，投资债券需要综合考虑债券的属性、市场行情和信用状况等多个因素，认真地做好投资风险评估和选择。此外，投资者还需要密切关注市场情况，及时调整投资组合来降低风险并获得期望的收益。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "前苏联笑话集有哪些" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "前苏联笑话集是指苏联时期流传的关于苏联社会现实、政治、领导人等题材的笑话。因涉及政治敏感话题，在苏联时期是不允许公开流传的，但仍然在民间广泛传播，并成为苏联社会的一种特殊现象。以下列举一些代表性的前苏联笑话：\n\n1. 什么是苏联的幸福？糙米加援助。\n\n2. 赫鲁晓夫到美国访问，看到了一条盖世太保的狗。他问旁边的人：“我们苏联有没有这样的狗？” 人回答：“我们的狗不咬自己的主人。”\n\n3. 一位农民和另一位农民讨论：“赫鲁晓夫是搞笑的人！为什么我们不能把他弄下台？”另一个人回答道：“跟他在酒桌上开玩笑吧，可别在党会上说话。”\n\n4. 大雨中的足球比赛被取消，因为赫鲁晓夫害怕足球场上的门将会击打袖标在地并踩在它上面。\n\n5. 一名集体农庄的书记对苏共中央书记写了封信：“请给我一头猪吧。在我们集体农庄，每个农民都如此努力地工作，而我们的奖励却永远只是颗红星。我只是想要一头猪。”\n\n这些笑话在当时苏联是非常危险的语言和行为，但却反映了苏联时期人们对不公正和政府官员的讽刺和不满。这些笑话不仅记录了苏联的历史，也揭示了当时苏联社会的种种问题和矛盾。" }, { "from": "human", "value": "再来点苏联笑话集" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "没问题，以下再列举一些苏联笑话：\n\n1. 为什么苏联的列车总是晚点？因为列车要赶上国家权力。\n\n2. 一个人去面试和其他人竞争同一个职位，他心里想：“我会说如何生产尿布、坦克和飞机。什么还需要吗？” 面试官问他：“你认为如果我们的工业生产增长了300%会发生什么？” 他回答：“这意味着，下次我们的工厂将生产300%的鞋子。”\n\n3. “选择一条路走”是赫鲁晓夫说的最成功的评论。这是因为当时苏联的路都非常糟糕。\n\n4. 有人问为什么苏共中央书记要住在克里姆林宫。回答：“因为布尔什维克占领了" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Read the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWho is Jett Pangan?\n- Jett Pangan Jett Pangan (born Reginald Pangan on June 21, 1968) is a Filipino singer and guitarist best known for fronting the Filipino rock bands The Dawn, and the now defunct Jett Pangan Group.\n- What else is significant about his personal life?\n- \n\nHe is also an actor, appearing in several TV and films, most notably his role in \"Tulad ng Dati\".\n\n\nRead the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat is the difference between Emine Hatun and other Ottoman princesses?\n- Emine Hatun Emine Hatun () was the principal consort of Sultan Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire.\n- What else was special about her?\n- She was the mother of Sultan Murad II, and the grandmother of Sultan Mehmed II. Emine Hatun was born as a Dulkadirid princess, the daughter of Șaban Suli Bey, third ruler of the Beylik of Dulkadir (reign 1386-1398).\n- Did she have any siblings?\n- She had a brother Sadaka Bey, fourth ruler of the Dulkadirs (reign 1398-1399).\n- What other relationships did she have?\n- She was the first cousin of Nasireddin Mehmed Bey fifth ruler of the Dulkadirids (reign 1399-1442).\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- \n\nMehmed Bey's granddaughter Sittişah Hatun, married Mehmed II in 1449 and later her niece Gülbahar Hatun married Bayezid II and became the mother of Selim I.\n\n\nRead the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat is the Vall de Bo ⁇ ?\n- Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí The Churches of the Vall de Boí are a set of nine Early Romanesque churches declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO and located in the Vall de Boí, in the Catalan comarque of Alta Ribagorça (Province of Lleida).\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- UNESCO declared World Heritage Sites in 2000 to nine churches: During the early 20th century there was a major effort to study and catalog the Romanesque wall paintings in the churches of the Vall de Boí area.\n- Why were they trying to study them?\n- This activity was driven by both the academic interests of scholars, and by art dealers (whose motives were financial gain).\n- Can you tell me more about the 'first trips'?\n- \n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In 1904 and 1906 the Hiking Club of Catalonia organised the first trips to \"inter-alia\" the Vall de Boí, with the aim of collecting plans, photographs and taking notes." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "why contrastive loss for siamese network\n\nFor a siamese network, contrastive loss is typically used.\n$$\nL = y \\cdot d(x_0, x_1) + (1-y)\\max(0, m - d(x_0, x_1))\n$$\nThat is, it tries to reduce the distance for the positive examples and increase it for negative examples upto the margin, m.\nIs there any advantage over, say, using log likelihood?\n$$\nL = y \\sigma(d(x_0, x_1)) + (1-y)(1 - \\sigma(d(x_0, x_1))\n$$\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The main point of using a strategy like siamese loss or triplet loss is that you don't have to know all of your classes at training time -- you just want to use the classes that you do have at training time to create a representation that might succeed in the presence of new classes in the future. The way that these losses find a good representation is to compare distances: minimize distance between like classes, and separate unlike classes by some margin $m$.\nClassification losses require you to know ahead of time exactly what all of your classes are, because a classifier assigns every point in the space of inputs to a class. You can't add a new class later, because all of the input space has already been assigned to a class.\nA secondary point is that the difference between probability and distance is important. Distances aren't the same as probabilities. Probabilities are non-negative, and probabilities of mutually-exclusive events sum to 1. Distances are also non-negative, but are not constrained to be less than or equal to 1. Because the smallest distance is 0, sigmoid functions of distances are always 0.5 or larger: $\\sigma(0)=\\frac{1}{1 + \\exp(-0)}=\\frac{1}{2}$. This isn't particularly important from an optimization perspective, but it does mean that our intuition that the loss be minimized at 0 is not satisfied.\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.\nThe task is to generate text based of an event. For the given event, there will be a person who does the action in the event (usually PersonX). Your task is to write that persons emotional reaction to the event, i.e. how that person feels after doing the action.\n\nPersonX does PersonX's job well\nSolution: accomplished by their actions\nWhy? this is a good example because PersonX will likely feel accomplished by doing their job well.\n\nNew input: PersonX wipes the slate clean\nSolution:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "good" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "The research and development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) therapeutic drugs has been undergoing rapid development in recent years in order to achieve the World Health Organization's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. The focus of early stage clinical trials (including the first human trial) is the selection of subjects, study design, dose selection, administration method, dose escalation, monitoring, observation and reporting procedures for adverse events/reactions (tolerability evaluation), and criteria for subjects to continue and discontinue administration. Therefore, quantitative pharmacology knowledge is required to analyze the relationship between in vivo drug exposure, efficacy and adverse reactions, and the inclusion of exploratory indicators such as HBV RNA, hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg), etc., to analyze the mechanism and target of innovative drugs and the efficacy of cccDNA in anti-hepatocytes. On the other hand, Phase II-III clinical trials prioritize the optimal dose, efficacy and safety indicators to verify the efficacy and safety of new drugs in a wider range of subjects. This paper refers to the relevant domestic and foreign literature, combined with the author's practical experience in early clinical research, and then briefly introduces the clinical issues that should be paid attention to in the design of clinical trials of CHB innovative drugs." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Please summerize the given abstract to a title" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "[Clinical considerations in the design of clinical trial for innovative hepatitis B drugs]." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "DIALOG:\nWho is Sylvan Byck?\n- Sylvan Byck Sylvan Byck (July 17, 1904 in Otisville, New York - July 8, 1982 in Queens, New York) (pronounced \"bike\") was the comic strip editor for King Features Syndicate for over 30 years, in which position he evaluated \"up to 2000 comics submissions a year.\" After graduating from the Pratt Institute, Byck worked for various newspapers, including as an editorial cartoonist at the \"Brooklyn Times-Union\" and \"the Seattle Times\".\n- What else did he do?\n- In 1937, Byck joined King Features Syndicate, where he edited \"Pictorial Review\"; during the Second World War, he served as \"cable editor\" for \"International News Service\".\n- What did he do after that?\n- In 1945, he became King's comics editor.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- \nNext turn: Among the multiple projects that he purchased were Mort Walker's \"Beetle Bailey\" (which he saved from cancellation by relaying to Walker the suggestion that the strip's college-student protagonist should join the United States Army) and \"Hi and Lois\", for which Byck and Walker independently suggested recruiting Dik Browne as illustrator (Browne later recalled that, when first contacted by Byck, he assumed that it was Stan Drake playing a prank).\n\nDIALOG:\nWhen did Park Tae-hwan participate in his first world title?\n- \nNext turn: The 8th FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) swam April 5–9, 2006 at the Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai, China.\n\nDIALOG:\nWho is Gérard Dériot?\n- \nNext turn: Gérard Dériot Gérard Dériot (born 1 November 1944) is a member of the Senate of France.\n\nDIALOG:\nWhat happened in April with Gigi Galli?\n- \nNext turn:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "As the recovery was expected to take five months, Galli would miss the five last rallies of the season." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Accesing keys based on position in an association\n\nI would like to have the following simple function GetKey[] on a very large association.\n(* The actual Association is very large, this is just small example *) \nassoc = <|{1,1} -> 2, {1,2} -> 3, {2,1}->4, {2,2}->5|>;\nGetKey[assoc, 1]\nGetKey[assoc, 4]\n\n(* output *) \n{1,1}\n{2,2}\n\nThat is, I want to access keys based on their position in the association. Any way this can be done efficiently for a large association? I know one can use the Keys[assoc][[position]] function but this is too slow for a large association. \nEDIT: Based on the comments below I am giving you the timing information for the function I know that does the job.\na = 1024*1024;\nkeys = Table[i, {i, a}];\nvalues = RandomReal[{0, 1000000}, {a}];\nassoc = Association[MapThread[Rule, {keys, values}]];\nAbsoluteTiming[k = Keys[assoc][[10000]];]\n\n(* output *)\n{0.548738, Null}\n\nThis is too slow for say a hundred thousand accesses.\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Perhaps:\nGetKey[assoc_, index_] := First @ Keys @ Take[assoc, {index}]\n\nYour first example:\nassoc = <|{1,1} -> 2, {1,2} -> 3, {2,1}->4, {2,2}->5|>;\n\nGetKey[assoc, 1]\nGetKey[assoc, 4]\n\n\n{1, 1}\n{2, 2}\n\nYour large example:\na = 1024*1024;\nkeys = Table[i, {i, a}];\nvalues = RandomReal[{0, 1000000}, {a}];\nassoc = Association[MapThread[Rule, {keys, values}]];\n\nAbsoluteTiming[Keys[assoc][[10000]]]\nAbsoluteTiming[GetKey[assoc, 10000]] \n\n\n{0.373301, 10000}\n{0.003779, 10000}\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What came before. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -5.5%." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A 2 person conversation:\nSpeaker X) What structure does the foreign population of Gäslingen have?;\nSpeaker Y) Of the foreign population, (), 36.4% are from Germany, 6.8% are from Italy, 13.6% are from Macedonia, and 43.2% are from another country.;\nSpeaker X) Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?;\nSpeaker Y) " } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a review of a movie and a boolean question whether this review has positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Your task is to generate answer \"yes\" when the tweet has that particular sentiment, otherwise generate answer \"no\".\nQ: Review: Paris, JE T'AIME is a wondrous cinematic homage to the city of light and the city of love, a film so complex that it almost defies summarization and reviewing. Ask a large group of people their impressions of life in Paris and the result would be something akin to this film. Tied together by each of the sectors or Arrondissement of the city, the film examines love in all forms, native folk in their Parisian modes, and tourists interacting with the great city. Approximately twenty writers and directors, each with about five minutes of screen time, include Olivier Assayas, the Coen Brothers, Sylvain Chomet, Isabel Coixet, Wes Craven, ALfonso Cuarón, Gérard Depardieu, Christopher Doyle, Vincenzo Natali, Alexander Payne, Walter Salles, Nobuhiro Suwa, and Gus Van Sant among others less well known. The stories vary from hilarious, to humorous, to touching, to tragic, to banal, to tender.In one story a young Frenchman (Gaspard Ulliel) is attracted to a young lithographer (Elias McConnell), pouring out his heart in French to a lad who speaks only English. In another a separated husband and wife (Gena Rowlands and Ben Gazzara) meet in the Latin Quarter to finalize divorce proceedings while another couple in Père-Lachaise (Emily Mortimer and Rufus Sewell) approach marriage without connection until the spirit of departed Oscar Wilde intervenes. Steve Buscemi in Tuileries confronts superstition in a subway with his bag of tourist collections, in Bastille Sergio Castellitto (in love with mistress Leonor Watling) is ready to divorce his wife Miranda Richardson until she confides she has terminal leukemia, Juliette Binouche confronts agony about her son's fantasies and loss in Place des Victoires with the help of a mythical cowboy Willem Defoe, Sara Martins and Nick Nolte and Ludivine Sagnier display a keen tale of mistaken ideas in Parc Monceau, Fanny Ardant and Bob Hoskins 'play out' a strange relationship in Pigalle, Melchior Beslon plays a young blind man to actress Natalie Portman in learning how to see in Faubourg Saint-Denis, vampire love between Elijah Wood and Olga Kurylenko in Quartier de la Madeleine, Maggie Gyllenhaal is an ex-patriot actress stung out on drugs in Quartier des Enfants Rouges, and Margo Martindale is a visiting tourist letter carrier trying desperately to speak the French she has studied for her life's trip in a tenderly hilarious 14ème Arrondissement.The final few minutes of the film tries to tie together as many of the stories as feasible, but this only works on superficial levels. The film is long and there are no bridges between the many stories, a factor that can tire the audience due to lack of time to assimilate all of the action. But it is in the end a richly detailed homage to a great city and supplies the viewer with many vignettes to re-visit like a scrapbook of a time in Paris. It is a film worth seeing multiple times! Grady Harp Question: is it a positive review?\nA: " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.\n\n[EX Q]: An adobe that provides more utility to one person than another is a marginal no an example of reduced what?\n[EX A]: An adobe that provides more utility to one person than another is an example of reduced what?\n\n[EX Q]: After 1930 umm rather 1935, who would be forbidden to enter Rhineland?\n[EX A]: After 1935, who would be forbidden to enter Rhineland?\n\n[EX Q]: What is the Old Frankish no sorry Proto-Germanic adaptation of the name of the Rhine?\n[EX A]:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "What is the Proto-Germanic adaptation of the name of the Rhine?\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher: In this task, you're given five sentences, numbered 1 through 5, and two options a and b for possible titles for the story. Your job is to choose the title that better fits the story. Indicate your choice by 'a' or 'b'.\nTeacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:\nSentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event. Choices: a. Marcus Buys Khakis. b. Marcus Works.\nSolution: a\nReason: Marcus's reasons for buying khakis is established, followed by his purchase of them and reaction.\n\nNow, solve this instance: Sentence 1: I wanted to start turning my articles into podcasts. Sentence 2: I researched which microphone to buy for hours. Sentence 3: Eventually I bought a dynamic mic instead of a condenser mic. Sentence 4: I reasoned that it wouldn't need an independent power supply. Sentence 5: It still needed a preamp to connect to the computer, which delayed me. Choices: a. Sound Equipment. b. The Engagement Ring.\nStudent:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "a" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a sentence and a list of evidence consisting of titles and corresponding sentences, summarize the evidence into a list of relevant points that may help verify the sentence. Remove irrelevant or noisy information and ensure that the list starts with a numeric ordinal. Only when the evidence is completely irrelevant to the content of the sentence, output \"NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION\". There is one example.\n\nSentence: Stranger Things is set in Bloomington, Indiana.\nEvidence:\n1. Title: \"Stranger\\_Things\" Sentence: \"Stranger Things is an American science fiction horror web television series created , written , directed and co executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen .\"\n2. Title: \"Stranger\\_Things\" Sentence: \"Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search .\"\n3. Title: \"Bloomington,\\_Indiana\" Sentence: \"Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana .\"\n4. Title: \"Bloomington,\\_Indiana\" Sentence: \"It is the seventh largest city in Indiana and the fourth largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area .\"\n5. Title: \"Bloomington,\\_Indiana\" Sentence: \"According to the Monroe County History Center , Bloomington is known as the `` Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana . ''\"\nAnswer:\n1. The TV series Stranger Things is set in Indiana.\n2. The first season of Stranger Things is set in the fictional town of Hawkins in Indiana.\n\nSentence: Adrienne Bailon is an accountant.\nEvidence:\n1. Title:'Adrienne\\_Bailon' Sentence: 'Adrienne Eliza Houghton LRB née Bailon ; born October 24 , 1983 RRB is an American singer songwriter , recording artist , actress , dancer and television personality.'\n2. Title:'Adrienne\\_Bailon' Sentence: 'Adrienne Bailon first became publicly known when she rose to fame as one of the founding members and singer of both 3LW LRB 1999 2007 RRB and Disney 's The Cheetah Girls LRB 2003 2008 RRB.'\n3. Title:'Adrienne\\_Bailon' Sentence: 'Bailon co stars alongside television personality , model and actress Julissa Bermudez in their own reality series , Empire Girls : Julissa and Adrienne which airs on the Style Network.'\n4. Title:'Accountant' Sentence: 'The Big Four auditors are the largest employers of accountants worldwide.'\n5. Title:'Adrienne\\_Bailon' Sentence: 'Aside from her work in 3LW and The Cheetah Girls , Bailon went on to develop her own acting career with roles in The Cheetah Girls films , Coach Carter and the MTV film All You 've Got.'\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given an input list A comprising of numbers and alphabets. You need to extract and sort the unique alphabets in the list. The alphabets in the input list will only be in lowercase. Return -1 if there is no alphabet in the input list.\n\nInput: Consider Input: ['3223', 'h', 'w', 'f', 'y', '1667', '8843', '8759', '9203', '3305', '3549', '5507', '6251', 't', '8319', '9121', '6643', 'u', '4273', '4429', '7543', '7909', '789', '9183', '5729', 'd', '7063', 'b', '6677', 'w', 'x', 'x', 'z', '769', 'p', 'd', 'h']\n\nOutput: b, d, f, h, p, t, u, w, x, y, z\n\n\nInput: Consider Input: ['2705', 'n', 'r', '8259', '6839', '3239', 'w', 'z', '2611', '2957', '2303', '6315', '7801', 'c', 'w', 'm', '5049', '6465', '599', 'h', 'q', '7559', 'n', '9917', 'v', 'l', '643', '6415', '3587', 'c', '917', '4435', 'p', 'a', '317']\n\nOutput: a, c, h, l, m, n, p, q, r, v, w, z\n\n\nInput: Consider Input: ['t', 'y', 'm', 's', 'w', '9151', 'x', 'm', '9589', '5059', 'b', 'g', 'z', '8165', 'r', 'b', '4565', 'o']\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Output: b, g, m, o, r, s, t, w, x, y, z\n\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're expected to write answers to questions involving multiple references to the same entity. The answer to the question should be unambiguous and a phrase in the paragraph. Most questions can have only one correct answer.\n\nLet me give you an example: Passage: Nearing London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, a pickpocket more commonly known by the nickname the \"Artful Dodger\", and his sidekick, a boy of a humorous nature named Charley Bates, but Oliver's innocent and trusting nature fails to see any dishonesty in their actions. The Dodger provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will \"give him lodgings for nothing, and never ask for change\". Grateful for the unexpected assistance, Oliver follows the Dodger to the \"old gentleman's\" residence. In this way Oliver unwittingly falls in with an infamous Jewish criminal known as Fagin, the gentleman of whom the Artful Dodger spoke. Ensnared, Oliver lives with Fagin and his gang of juvenile pickpockets in their lair at Saffron Hill for some time, unaware of their criminal occupations. He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs. \nQuestion: Who believes Fagin's gang make wallets and handkerchiefs?\nThe answer to this example can be: Oliver.\nHere is why: In the sentence \"He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs\", the pronoun \"he\" refers to name \"Oliver\".\n\nOK. solve this:\nPassage: Freckles Winslow is on his way home from college. On the bus he encounters a crook, \"Muggsy\" Dolan who calls himself Jack Leach. Jack is on the run from the law, and is looking for a safe place to hide. The two men come to talking and Freckles mentions his serene home town to Jack, having only good things to say about it. Jack decides to tag along and take his refuge in Freckles home town. With Freckles help he gets to stay at the local hotel, owned by Danny Doyle, who is Freckles' friend. Danny is about to rerun the road through town, so that it runs over a number of worthless lots of land he has bought. Danny bought the real estate because he thought he could find gold on them, using a new expensive device he has bought. Danny needs Freckles to help him get a favorable decision by Freckles' father, who is one of the two road commissioners. \nQuestion: What is the real last name of the person who Freckles helps?\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dolan." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.\n Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.\nExample: Passage: I submitted the hit. The hit was approved, and then I was paid.\nExample solution: What happened after I submitted the hit?\nExample explanation: This is a valid temporal question based on the given paragraph. Events approved and paid have a temporal relation \"after\" with the event submitted.\n\nProblem: Passage: The rebate, famously negotiated by Margaret Thatcher in 1984 when Britain was struggling economically, is tied to EU spending and rises every year. In 2004 it came to more than five billion euros.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Solution: What event has already finished?" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Determine the greatest integer that is less than or equal to the positive square root of the number that is 20 less than 90." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The number that is 20 less than 90 is 70. The positive square root of 70 is between 8 and 9, since $8^2=64$ and $9^2=81$. The greatest integer less than or equal to the positive square root of 70 is $\\boxed{8}$." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "DIALOG:\nWho is Chad Villella?\n- Chad Villella Chad Villella (born February 12, 1977) is an American actor, writer, producer and director.\n- What radio shows did he do?\n- \nNext turn: He is co-creator of Chad, Matt & Rob and Radio Silence.\n\n\nProblem: What could be the response? DIALOG:\nWho is Romed Baumann?\n- Romed Baumann Romed Baumann (born 14 January 1986) is a former Austrian and current German World Cup alpine ski racer.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- \nA: Born in St. Johann in Tyrol, Baumann has two World Cup victories, both in Super combined.\n\n\nQUESTION: Write another turn of this conversation. DIALOG:\nWhat albums did Arno Menses release?\n- \nANS: Another Perfect Day — The Gothenburg Post Scriptum (2010) Soul Secret - Closer To Daylight (2011) Dreamscape - Everlight (2012) Extrovert - Ascension (2015) Blind Ego - Liquid (2016) Entering Polaris (2018)\n\n\nquestion: Write a response. DIALOG:\nWhat is the difference between a fire code and a building code?\n- \nresponse: Pattaya Discovery United F.C. Pattaya Discovery United Football Club (), is a Thai football club based in Chonburi, Thailand.\n\n\nQ: See the conversation. DIALOG:\nWhat is the husband's name of Malaga Soulaimana?\n- \n****\nNext: Malaga Soulaimana Malaga Soulaimana (born 5 April 1989) is a Comorian professional footballer who plays as a Defender for the Comorian club Fomboni FC.\n\n\nSee the conversation examples, and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat happened during the Romanian Revolution?\n- The lift's electricity failed just before it reached the top floor, and Ceaușescu's bodyguards forced it open and ushered the couple onto the roof.\n- What happened next?\n- At 11:20 on 22 December 1989, Ceaușescu's personal pilot, Lt.\n- Who was the leader of the revolution?\n- \n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Col." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "How do I close a terminal without saving the history?\n\nMore than once I've accidentally run a number of commands and polluted my bash history. How do I close my terminal without saving my bash history? I'm using Fedora.\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Your shell's history is saved in the file indicated by the HISTFILE variable. So:\nunset HISTFILE\n\nThis also applies to zsh, but not to ksh which keeps saving to the file indicated by $HISTFILE when the shell starts (and conversely, you decide to save your history in ksh once you've started the shell).\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK DEFINITION: Given a command in a limited form of natural language, provide the correct sequence of actions that executes the command to thus navigate an agent in its environment. A command can be broken down into many different actions. Actions are uppercase and are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. The word 'opposite' turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output.\nPROBLEM: walk opposite left twice and walk opposite left twice\n\nSOLUTION: I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_WALK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_WALK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_WALK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_WALK\n\nPROBLEM: walk around right twice and turn opposite left twice\n\nSOLUTION: I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT\n\nPROBLEM: look around right twice and run opposite left twice\n\nSOLUTION:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_RUN I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_RUN\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.\n\n@USER Me too! Her wedding was the best! She is very pretty!\nNOT\n\n@USER Honestly The fact he hasn't any legislative power coupled with the fact he is a skilled diplomat sways the balance for me. Besides the varadkar government pushes that kinda shit anyway president or not.\nOFFENSIVE\n\n@USER WHAT I SAY ABOUT BEING A LITTLE PUSSY AND SAYING SHIT BEHIND PEOPLE'S BACK\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "OFFENSIVE\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "I'm building a custom hash where I sum all the letters in a string according to the formula: `string[0] * 65536 + string[1] * 32768 + string[2] * 16384 + ...`. I'm wondering if I should define these numbers as constants in an integer array like this:\n\n```\nconst int MULTIPLICATION[] = {\n 65536,\n 32768,\n 16384,\n 8192,\n 4096,\n 2048,\n 1024,\n 512,\n 256,\n 128,\n 64,\n 32,\n 16,\n 8,\n 4,\n 2,\n 1\n}\n```\n\nOr should I generate these numbers while counting the hash itself (possibly losing some speed since they won't be pre-generated)? I'll need to count this hash millions of times and I want the compiler to understand that instead of the normal multiplication operation:\n\n```\nMOV EBX, 8\nMUL EBX\n```\n\nit would do:\n\n```\nSHL EAX, 3\n```\n\nDoes the compiler automatically understand that if I'm multiplying by a power of 2, I want to shift the bits instead of performing a regular multiplication? Also, I'm pretty sure it does shift bits when you write in C++ `number *= 2;`, but I just want to clarify, does it?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It's great that you're considering optimization in your code! Regarding your first question, whether to define the numbers as constants in an integer array or generate them while counting the hash, it ultimately depends on the trade-off between speed and memory usage. Defining the numbers as constants in an array would involve some memory overhead, but it would ensure that the multiplication values are readily available during hash calculation, potentially resulting in faster execution. On the other hand, generating the numbers while counting the hash would save memory but might introduce some overhead due to the additional calculations required.\n\nIn terms of the compiler understanding multiplication by a power of 2 as a bit shift, it generally depends on the compiler and the specific optimization settings being used. However, most modern compilers are capable of recognizing such patterns and transforming the multiplication operation into a bit shift operation for better performance. So, in your case, using `MOV EBX, 8` followed by `MUL EBX` would likely be optimized by the compiler to perform a bit shift operation using `SHL EAX, 3`.\n\nRegarding your second question, in C++, the expression `number *= 2` does indeed result in a bit shift operation. The compiler recognizes the multiplication by a power of 2 and optimizes it accordingly, resulting in a more efficient bit shift operation. So, you can safely use `number *= 2` to achieve the desired bit shifting effect.\n\nIn summary, it's generally safe to rely on the compiler's optimization capabilities to transform multiplication by powers of 2 into bit shift operations. However, it's always a good idea to test and profile your code to ensure that the desired optimizations are being applied and to fine-tune any performance bottlenecks you may encounter." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The operators '+' and '-' have been replaced with new symbols. Specifically, '+' has been replaced with the symbol '@' and '-' with the symbol '#'. You need to perform the operations in the given equation return the answer\nTeacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: 8693 # 523 @ 6814 @ 4063 # 2737 @ 12\nStudent:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "16322" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Напиши историю про целительницу магических животных по имени Керолайн. Маленькая худенькая девушка со светлыми волосами и голубыми глазами. Она обладатель таланта - понимает язык животных. Чувствует себя более комфортно в окружении зверушек, нежели людей. В детстве к ней плохо относились другие дети из-за ее способности. Когда она выросла жители ее деревушки продолжали стронится ее, за глаза говоря что она ведьма, но не чураясь ее помощи когда с домашними животными происходила беда. Проводя все свое врем наедине с книгами и животными, она решила посвятить себя ветеринарной магии. И в одной из книг она рпочитала про мифичесое животное которое можно встретить только в далеком городе с необычным названием Дамаск. Преодолев огромной расстояние Керолайн прибывает в Дамаск и первым делом встречает маленького мальчика с лохмотьях, который завороженно сомтрел на незнакомку. Он гладил кота которых грустно мяукал, девушка не могла пройти мимо и обратившись к питомцу узнала что его беспокоило. Вытащив занозу из лапки пушистика она представилась Нищеброду. Ее доброта и открытость пришлись по душе панишке и он стал ее первым другом на новом месте. Керолайн встретила в Дамаске много необычных интересных существ, более того она встретила здесть друзей и решила что это место ей по душе и она задержится тут надолго." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Она начала изучать магию исцеления животных у местных волшебников и скоро стала первоклассным врачом для всех животных в городе. Она лечила травмы, болезни, и даже помогала воскрешать мертвых. Но ее сердце было занято иным - она мечтала найти того самого мифического зверя, который упоминался в той книге из ее детства.\n\nОднажды, путешествуя через дремучие джунгли Дамаска, Керолайн услышала слабый стон. Она отправилась в сторону звука и нашла маленького зверUSHку, который был на грани смерти. Быстро применив все свои знания и умения, Керолайн смогла восстановить животное в жизнь. Она понимала, что нашла того самого мифического зверя! Это был волшебный единорог, который терял силу и было плохо на уступах. Керолайн решила вернуть его домой в Дамаск и на пути назад она ощущала, как ее дают все опыты, чтобы спасти этого зверя, порой интересующего ее больше, чем жители Дамаска.\n\nВернув единорога в город, Керолайн поняла, что все ее мечты и усилия были оправданы. Она теперь была не только целительницей животных, но и настоящим божеством! Вскоре ее великие знания и доброта принесли ей уважение и любовь не только животных, но и людей в Дамаске. Ее работа стала настоящим предметом гордости для всех горожан, а Керолайн сама стала символом надежды и любви для всех тех, кто сталкивался с несправедливостью и болью.\n\nТак в Дамаске появилась новая легенда, о магической девушке Керолайн, целительнице всех живых существ." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Question: If $a_1, a_2, \\dots, a_{12}$ are positive real numbers and $a_1 + a_2 + \\dots + a_{12} = 1$, what is the minimum value of $\\frac{1}{a_1} + \\frac{1}{a_2} + \\dots + \\frac{1}{a_{12}}$?\nAnswer: By Cauchy-Schwarz, \\[(a_1 + a_2 + \\dots + a_{12})(\\frac{1}{a_1} + \\frac{1}{a_2} + \\dots + \\frac{1}{a_{12}}) \\ge (1 + 1 + \\dots + 1)^2 = 12^2 = 144,\\] so \\[\\frac{1}{a_1} + \\frac{1}{a_2} + \\dots + \\frac{1}{a_{12}} \\ge \\frac{144}{a_1 + a_2 + \\dots + a_{12}} = \\boxed{144}.\\] The answer is: 144\n\nQuestion: If women's T-shirts are sold every 30 minutes for $18 and men's T-shirts are sold every 40 minutes for $15 at a shop in Japan, and the shop is open from 10 am until 10 pm, what is the total amount earned by the shop from selling T-shirts per week?\nAnswer: The shop is open for 12 hours a day, so it is open for a total of 12 * 7 = 84 hours per week.\nEvery 30 minutes, a women's T-shirt is sold, so in one hour, 60/30 = 2 women's T-shirts are sold.\nTherefore, in 84 hours, 84 * 2 = 168 women's T-shirts are sold.\nThe price of each women's T-shirt is $18, so the total amount earned from selling women's T-shirts is 168 * 18 = $3024.\nEvery 40 minutes, a men's T-shirt is sold, so in one hour, 60/40 = 1.5 men's T-shirts are sold.\nTherefore, in 84 hours, 84 * 1.5 = 126 men's T-shirts are sold.\nThe price of each men's T-shirt is $15, so the total amount earned from selling men's T-shirts is 126 * 15 = $1890.\nThe total amount earned by the shop from selling T-shirts per week is $3024 + $1890 = $4914.\n#### 4914\nThe answer is: 4914\n\nQuestion: A dental office gives away 2 toothbrushes to every patient who visits. His 8 hour days are packed and each visit takes .5 hours. How many toothbrushes does he give in a x day work week?\nIf we know the answer to the above question is 160, what is the value of unknown variable x?\nAnswer: We know that the dental office gives away 2 toothbrushes to every patient who visits.\nEach visit takes 0.5 hours, so in an 8-hour day, the dentist sees 8 / 0.5 = 16 patients.\nTherefore, in a day, the dentist gives away 2 toothbrushes per patient * 16 patients = 32 toothbrushes.\nIn a week, which consists of x days, the dentist gives away 32 toothbrushes per day * x days.\nWe are given that the dentist gives away 160 toothbrushes in a week, so we can write: 32x = 160.\nSolving for x, we get: x = 5.\nThe value of x is 5.\n#### 5\nThe answer is: 5\n\nQuestion: What is the total count of three-digit numbers?\nAnswer: A three-digit number can be written in the form $XYZ$, where $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ represent digits.\nThe hundreds digit $X$ can take on any value from 1 to 9, so there are 9 choices for $X$.\nThe tens digit $Y$ and the units digit $Z$ can each take on any value from 0 to 9, so there are 10 choices for each of $Y$ and $Z$.\nTherefore, the total count of three-digit numbers is $9 \\times 10 \\times 10 = \\boxed{900}$.\nThe answer is: 900\n\nQuestion: June found 2 birds nest with 5 eggs each in 1 tree and 1 nest with 3 eggs in another tree. There was also a nest with 4 eggs in her front yard. How many birds eggs did she find?\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": " In one tree, June found 2 nests with 5 eggs each, so she found 2 x 5 = 10 eggs in that tree.\nIn another tree, she found 1 nest with 3 eggs.\nIn her front yard, she found 1 nest with 4 eggs.\nTherefore, June found a total of 10 + 3 + 4 = 17 bird's eggs.\n#### 17\nThe answer is: 17" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "CREATE TABLE table_1036189_1 (\n primer_annulus_color VARCHAR,\n bullet_tip_color VARCHAR\n)" }, { "from": "human", "value": "How many primers annulus colors were there when the color of the bullet tip was white?" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the count of all the alphabetical elements in the given list. Return 0 if no alphabetical element in the list\n\nExample input: ['238', 'h', '92', 'U', '2799']\nExample output: 2\nExample explanation: Here, the alphabetical elements in the input list are 'h' and 'U', hence their count is 2.\nQ: ['N', 'N', '7167', '2129', 'c', '6617', '6181', '4859', '3863', 'V', '2581', '7245', '7779', 'e', 'D', '4905', 'V']\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "7" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: In this task, you are given an abstract of article. Your task is to generate label \"True\" if abstract is structured, otherwise generate \"False\". A structured abstract is composed of a topic sentence (or key sentence), relevant supporting sentences, and a closing (or transition) sentence. This structure is key to keeping your abstract focused on the main idea and creating a clear and concise image.\nSlow changes in [Ca(2+)](i) reflect increased neuronal activity. Our study demonstrates that single-trial fast [Ca(2+)](i) imaging (≥200 Hz sampling rate) revealed peaks each of which are associated with single spike discharge recorded by consecutive voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging in enteric neurones and nerve fibres. Fast [Ca(2+)](i) imaging also revealed subthreshold fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Nicotine-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) peaks were reduced by -conotoxin and blocked by ruthenium red or tetrodotoxin. Fast [Ca(2+)](i) imaging can be used to directly record single action potentials in enteric neurones. [Ca(2+)](i) peaks required opening of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels as well as Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "False" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Fill in the response. Read the following conversation:\n(1) What is the difference between Kids Channel and Knowledge Channel?.\n(2) Kids Channel (Mauritius) Kids Channel (formerly Knowledge Channel from 18 September 2007 to 15 September 2014) was a Mauritian free-to-air cartoon television channel owned and by Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC)..\n(1) When did the channel change?.\n(2) " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The \"Knowledge Channel\" came into operation on 18 September 2007 playing cartoons, anime, teen sitcoms, game shows and educational children's TV series in both English and French." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Generate an overlapping word between the given two sentences. When you find the overlapping words, they don't have to match exactly, e.g., \"survival\" and \"survive\" are valid overlapping words. Little words like \"the\" or \"of\" don't count! You must generate significant words which are not the stop words.\n\nExample input: Sentence1: pesticides cause pollution. \nSentence2: pollution can harm animals.\nExample output: pollution.\nExample explanation: The word \"pollution\" is common to Sentence1 and Sentence2. So, it's a good answer.\nQ: Sentence1: Resistance exercises are weight-lifting exercises. \nSentence2: a pulley is used for exercise.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "exercises" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "Collier takes part in the parade because he wants to showcase his newly learned talents in front of an audience. He practiced for weeks beforehand, making sure his routine was perfect. When the day of the parade finally arrived, Collier was confident and excited to perform. Using this as a starting point, let's generate a conversation." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Collier: Mom, I'm so excited for the parade today! I've been practicing my routine for weeks and I'm ready to show everyone what I can do." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mother: That's great, Collier! I know you've worked hard and I'm sure you'll do great. Just remember to have fun out there too." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Collier: I will, Mom. Thanks for coming to watch me. It means a lot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mother: Of course, sweetie. I wouldn't miss it for the world." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Collier: This is it, Mom. I'm about to go perform in front of all those people. Wish me luck!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mother: Good luck, Collier! I know you'll do great." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Using the formula [Name + Weapon/Armor/Ability + Game Mode/Environment] as a template for creating a captivating game name, can you come up with a unique and engaging name for a multiplayer game that lets players create and engage in epic battles with their personalized robotic avatars? The game should have various customization options for robots, and offer a challenging and exciting gameplay experience. Let your creativity run wild and deliver a name that truly captures the essence of this futuristic and action-packed game." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sure thing! How about \"Mech Mayhem: Armored Assault\"? This name combines the idea of personalized robots (\"Mech\") with the intense battles that players will engage in (\"Mayhem\") and the various customization options available (\"Armored Assault\"). It also has a nice ring to it and is easy to remember." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Calculate the value of $7! \\div 4!$ if it is known that $7! = 5040$." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "$7! \\div 4!$ is equal to $\\frac{7!}{4!}$.\nWe can cancel out common factors in the numerator and denominator, which gives us $\\frac{7\\times6\\times5\\times4\\times3\\times2\\times1}{4\\times3\\times2\\times1}$.\nSimplifying this expression, we get $7\\times6\\times5 = \\boxed{210}$.\nThe answer is 210." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What perfect-square integer is closest to 273?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The square root of 273 is between 16 and 17,\nsince $16^2=256$ and $17^2=289$.\nSince 273 is closer to 289 than to 256, the perfect-square integer closest to 273 is $\\boxed{289}$.\nThe answer is: 289" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.\n\nContext: In a New York City residence, Pierre Delacroix (Damon Wayans) rises to begin his daily routine. Brushing his teeth, he gives us by voice over a definition of satire. He tells us that with the rise of the Internet, video and interactive games, his field as a television writer has seen a drop in popularity. Meanwhile, in a dilapidated building, squatter Womack (Tommy Davidson) wakes up his friend Manray (Savion Glover) for a day of work. This consists of travelling to the CNS (Continental Network System) building where Delacroix works, and Manray tap dancing to entertain the workers. They then collect money from the workers. The men see Delacroix walk by, and ask him for monetary help in the form of work of some kind.Delacroix walks into a staff meeting late and is immediately castigated by his boss, Thomas Dunwitty (Michael Rapaport). Dunwitty informs the staff that CNS has poor ratings. He says he wants them to write funnier material, and ends the meeting. In the privacy of his office, Dunwitty tells Delacroix that the material Delacroix's been writing for him seems like it's about white people with black faces. Dunwitty asserts that Delacroix is an \"oreo\" with his Harvard education, because he won't write a \"n----r show.\"The next day, Delacroix and his assistant Sloan Hopkins (Jada Pinkett Smith) talk. They've decided that Manray is the solution to his problem. Delacroix plans to write a show that will be so \"offensive and racist,\" it will prove his point that the network only wants to see black buffoons on the air. Delacroix simply hopes to be fired, so he can be let go of his contract with CNS. Manray and Womack ask at the receptionist's desk for a \"Delapoint\" and the men working there tell them to step outside. However, Sloan steps into the lobby, sees what's happening, and escorts Manray and Womack to Delacroix's office. Delacroix explains to them that he has an idea for a television pilot, and they can make money with it. His main request is that Manray changes his name to Mantan, in an apparent homage to black character actor Mantan Moreland.On Sloan's walk home, she runs into her big brother Big Blak Afrika F/K/A Julius (Yasiin Bey). In Sloan's apartment, Julius and Sloan argue about his values, and he tells her to introduce him and his political hip-hop crew, the Mau Maus, to Delacroix.Delacroix has another meeting with Dunwitty. Delacroix proposes that the network start a variety show called \"Mantan: The New Millenium Minstrel Show.\" Delacroix says that new faces are needed for the show, and has Sloan bring in Manray and Womack. The two men, respectively renamed \"Mantan\" and \"Sleep'n Eat,\" will exhibit a range of stereotypical traits, Delacroix explains. Sloan is opposed to the proceedings, and suggests that there will be protest of the show they are planning. To seal the package, Manray dances atop a table in front of Dunwitty -- who immediately leaves to try to sell the show's concept to his executive bosses.Delacroix, Sloan and another woman hold auditions for the show. The first group of people (The Roots) audition to be the show's house band, The Alabama Porch Monkeys. After they perform, a dancer, a vulgar man shouting \"I be smackin' my hoes,\" and a didgeridoo player all audition. The next hopeful is Honeycutt (Thomas Jefferson Byrd), an actor who bungles Shakespearean quotes and proclaims \"N----s is a beautiful thing.\" Sloan's brother's group, the Mau Maus then do a fiery, confrontational performance; Pierre states via voice over that there is no place for them in his plan.Delacroix looks over a revised script for the show and confronts Dunwitty and his co-writer, Jukka about their alterations to it that even he finds racially offensive. Delacroix says that he won't be responsible for their changes, which Dunwitty says are to make the show funnier. Dunwitty says he knows black people better than Delacroix does, telling him, \"Look \n Question: Delacroix and who recruit two street performers?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "sloan" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a natural language interpretation of commands (consist of logical operations) to select relevant rows from the given table. Your job is to generate command (in terms of logical operations) from given natural language interpretation. Define body (contains a collection of statements that define what the this logical operator does) of each logical operator between '{}' parenthesis. Here are the definitions of logical operators that you can use while generating command: \n 1. count: returns the number of rows in the view. \n 2. only: returns whether there is exactly one row in the view. \n 3. hop: returns the value under the header column of the row. \n 4. and: returns the boolean operation result of two arguments. \n 5. max/min/avg/sum: returns the max/min/average/sum of the values under the header column. \n 6. nth_max/nth_min: returns the n-th max/n-th min of the values under the header column. \n 7. argmax/argmin: returns the row with the max/min value in header column. \n 8. nth_argmax/nth_argmin: returns the row with the n-th max/min value in header column. \n 9. eq/not_eq: returns if the two arguments are equal. \n 10. round_eq: returns if the two arguments are roughly equal under certain tolerance. \n 11. greater/less: returns if the first argument is greater/less than the second argument. \n 12. diff: returns the difference between two arguments. \n 13. filter_eq/ filter_not_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is equal/not equal to the third argument. \n 14. filter_greater/filter_less: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less than the third argument. \n 15. filter_greater_eq /filter_less_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less or equal than the third argument. \n 16. filter_all: returns the view itself for the case of describing the whole table \n 17. all_eq/not_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument. \n 18. all_greater/less: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument. \n 19. all_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument. \n 20. most_eq/not_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument. \n 21. most_greater/less: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument. \n 22. most_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument.\n\nLet me give you an example: select the row whose attendance record of all rows is 3rd maximum. the competition record of this row is danish superliga 2005-06.\nThe answer to this example can be: eq { hop { nth_argmax { all_rows ; attendance ; 3 } ; competition } ; danish superliga 2005 - 06 }\nHere is why: Here, the generated command using logical operators correctly selects third maximum from given table rows which is mentioned in natural language interpretation.\n\nOK. solve this:\nselect the row whose margin record of all rows is 2nd maximum . the club record of this row is geelong .\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "eq { hop { nth_argmax { all_rows ; margin ; 2 } ; club } ; geelong }" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "SUBREDDIT: r/AskReddit\nTITLE: Reddit, one of my close friends just killed herself. How do you cope with the loss of someone you care about?\nPOST: So, I'm a junior in High School. I'm pretty friendly, but kinda weird so I don't have a whole lot of friends. At the start of the year, I met this person, Callie Rockman. She was a great person, I never was romantically interested in her but she was cute and very nice. She was talented and smart, and very involved with the theater program (actor and technician, I am a technician.) She had so many friends because she was friendly and funny. She left us all wondering why, and I don't know much more than that. I will update with more info as I get it. I am very distraught at the moment, I don't know what to do. I've never considered that someone I care about could die. \nSo, what can I do to help my friends who are distraught as well, and how can I recuperate myself?\nTL;DR: " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My friend died and I'm sure there are people out there that have had this happen to them as well. Hints and tips to recovering appreciated." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Question:\nImagine the conversation that came before this response?\nAllegations of vote-rigging and corruption have dogged the council, with members of the Muslim community reportedly being \"strong-armed by mosque leaders and councillors to vote Labour\" during elections.\n\nAnswer:\nDIALOG:\nWhat problems did Blackburn with Darwen face?\n- The council was shaken in 2004 when six Labour councillors quit the ruling group one month after an election and became independent representatives, and the council temporarily fell into no overall control.\n- Why did they quit?\n- The councillors, who eventually re-joined the party, left over an internal row reportedly sparked by the demotion of particular councillors in a post-election reshuffle.\n- Did any other issues arise?\n- \n\n\nQuestion:\nImagine the conversation that came before this response?\nHe was re-signed for the following season in August 2012 by team owner Duncan Shaw, who said, \"Joe is a very bright, talented young coach.\n\nAnswer:\nDIALOG:\nWhat happened in 2011 with Joe Salerno?\n- Heading into the inaugural 2011–12 season of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL), Salerno landed a coaching job with the Summerside Storm.\n- What was his job responsibilities?\n- He was named head coach and vice president of player personnel on August 17, 2011.\n- Was he a successful coach?\n- He led the team to a 12–24 record by the end of the season and the Storm stood sixth in the league.\n- Did he win any awards or recognition?\n- \n\n\nQuestion:\nImagine the conversation that came before this response?\nBell Mountain (Riverside County, California) Bell Mountain is a mountain in the Paloma Valley southeast of Sun City in Riverside County, California.\n\nAnswer:\nDIALOG:\nWhat is Bell Mountain (Riverside County, California)?\n- \n\n\nQuestion:\nImagine the conversation that came before this response?\nPredicted fire is also used by anti-aircraft guns, using a device called a \"predictor\" or \"director\" to compute a firing solution.\n\nAnswer:\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "DIALOG:\nWhat are the different modes of predicted fire?\n-" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Making parameters required by using a function call as a default value in JavaScript\n\nECMAScript 6 introduced default parameters. The default value can be any expression, so you can use it to make a function throw an error when a parameter is not supplied:\nconst mandatory = (name) => {\n throw new Error(`The ${name} parameter is mandatory`);\n};\n\nconst foo = (bar = mandatory('bar')) => {\n // some code\n};\n\nfoo(42); // Works fine.\nfoo(); // Error: The bar parameter is mandatory\n\nWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of this? Is it a good practice, or an abuse of default parameters?\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I think you are abusing the functionality a little bit.\nThe point of default parameters is providing a value which make sense in case calls to this function don't pass some definite value for that parameter.\nThere is a big overlap between not passing a definite value and forgetting a mandatory parameter, but there is a difference: you can pass undefined.\nYour code will throw if the function is called with undefined:\nconst mandatory = (name) => {\n throw new Error(`The ${name} parameter is mandatory`);\n};\nconst foo = (bar = mandatory('bar')) => {\n // some code\n};\nfoo(undefined); // Error: The bar parameter is mandatory\n\nIn this case complaining about the parameter being mandatory is misleading, because a parameter has been passed indeed.\nundefined might not be an allowed value, but in this case you should check the value and complain about its type.\nIf you only want to check if an argument has been passed or not, using a normal function and checking arguments.length may be a better idea.\nSee for example the behavior of DOMParser#parseFromString, which in my opinion is more helpful:\nvar p = new DOMParser();\np.parseFromString(); // TypeError: Not enough arguments\np.parseFromString(undefined); // TypeError: Not enough arguments\np.parseFromString(undefined, undefined); // TypeError: Argument 2 'undefined' is not a valid value\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solving 12 equations with 13 variables\n\n$16a + 23b + 12c + 34d -2e -37f + 109g -141h + 139i + 149j + 29k + 12l + 131m = 74608$\n$13a + 31b -5c + 17d + 29e -67f -16g -101h -7i -201j + 32k + 17l + 171m = -4194$ \n$81a -12b -5c + 17d -9e + 17f + 39g + 49h -67i -7j -41k + 13l + 121m = -15793$\n$91a -43b + 17c + 19d + 17e + 23f + 97g + 101h -101i + 173j -12k + 137l + 217m = -16661 $\n$71a + 47b + 37c + 37d + 41e -37f -67g -17h -2i -6j + 41k -39l -12m = -6862 $\n$61a + 13b + 101c + 7d + 117e + 111f -4g -3h -19i -2j + 13k + 17l -91m = 7802 $\n$51a + 31b + 37c + 4d + 101e -13f -7g -13h -41i -3j + 31k + 73l -71m = 8846 $\n$21a + 12b + 67c -67d -9e -67f + 9g + 98h + 101i + 171j + 13k + 191l -54m = -4544 $\n$41a -2b + 5c + 17d + 18e + 19f + 20g + 21h + 22i + 23j -11k + 91l -2m = -4050 $\n$31a + 100b + 2c + 4d + 5e + 10f -10g + 20h -50i -4j + 10k -67l -4m = -4459 $\n$17a + 67b + 2c -2d -8e -78f -9g -101h + 107i + 145j + 21k -9l -10m = 37104 $\n$11a + 3b + 4c + 71d -45e + 87f + 8g + 34h + 45i + 93j + 104k -8l -20m = 4737 $\n$19a -3b -9c -12d + 123e + 61f + 71g + 83h + 91i + 10j + 11k -12l + 82m = 623$\nHow would I go about finding $a, b, c, d, e ... m $?\nI can use programming.\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Have you heard of Gauss-Jordan elimination? It would be an appropriate algorithm to use for this system of linear equations.\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language and your task is to convert it into the Hindi language. In translation, keep numbers as it is.\n\nSo while Samajwadi Party -LRB- sp -RRB- chief Mulayam Singh Yadav suggests that attendance should be considered by various party leaders as a criterion while distributing party tickets , he is clear on why Babbar is an exception ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "सो , एक ओर जहां समाजवादी पार्टी ह्यसपाहृ प्रमुख मुलयम सिंह यादव का कहना है कि विभिऋ पार्टियां टिकट वितरण करते समय संसद में उपस्थिति को आधार बनाएं लेकिन वे राज बबर की गैरमऋजूदगी को अपवाद मानते हैं , ।" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling\n\nLet me give you an example: 876 f.3d at 1306.\nThe answer to this example can be: non-overruling\nHere is why: It's a good example. This sentence doesn't overrule any law, So it's non-overruling.\n\nOK. solve this:\nmarley's testimony that gurino called himself the \"\"suncruz kid\"\" was admissible as a statement against penal interest.\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "non-overruling" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Different" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You will be given a statement, and you need to output whether that statement is 'True' or 'False'. If the statement is true in general, output True. If the statement is not always true, output False.\nThe moon orbits around Earth." } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend nonstatin lipid-lowering agents in patients at very high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) if low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains ≥70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin treatment. It is uncertain if this approach benefits patients with LDL-C near 70 mg/dL. Lipoprotein(a) levels may influence residual risk. OBJECTIVES: In a post hoc analysis of the ODYSSEY Outcomes (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) trial, the authors evaluated the benefit of adding the proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab to optimized statin treatment in patients with LDL-C levels near 70 mg/dL. Effects were evaluated according to concurrent lipoprotein(a) levels. METHODS: ODYSSEY Outcomes compared alirocumab with placebo in 18,924 patients with recent acute coronary syndromes receiving optimized statin treatment. In 4,351 patients (23.0%), screening or randomization LDL-C was <70 mg/dL (median 69.4 mg/dL; interquartile range: 64.3–74.0 mg/dL); in 14,573 patients (77.0%), both determinations were ≥70 mg/dL (median 94.0 mg/dL; interquartile range: 83.2–111.0 mg/dL). RESULTS: In the lower LDL-C subgroup, MACE rates were 4.2 and 3.1 per 100 patient-years among placebo-treated patients with baseline lipoprotein(a) greater than or less than or equal to the median (13.7 mg/dL). Corresponding adjusted treatment hazard ratios were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.52–0.90) and 1.11 (95% Cl: 0.83–1.49), with treatment-lipoprotein(a) interaction on MACE (P(interaction) = 0.017). In the higher LDL-C subgroup, MACE rates were 4.7 and 3.8 per 100 patient-years among placebo-treated patients with lipoprotein(a) >13.7 mg/dL or ≤13.7 mg/dL; corresponding adjusted treatment hazard ratios were 0.82 (95% Cl: 0.72–0.92) and 0.89 (95% Cl: 0.75–1.06), with P(interaction) = 0.43. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with recent acute coronary syndromes and LDL-C near 70 mg/dL on optimized statin therapy, proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition provides incremental clinical benefit only when lipoprotein(a) concentration is at least mildly elevated. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402)" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Please summerize the given abstract to a title" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Lipoprotein(a) and Benefit of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Nominally Controlled LDL Cholesterol" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Call a toast event in the Lightning Web Component date selector\n\nHi I have req where user select the date after the maximum date then i need to show the error toast message in saledforce LWC , can anyone help me out for the req.\nBelow is the code\nlet today = new Date()\nlet birthday = new Date('December 17, 1995 03:24:00')\nlet birthday = new Date('1995-12-17T03:24:00')\nlet birthday = new Date(1995, 11, 17) // the month is 0-indexed\nlet birthday = new Date(1995, 11, 17, 3, 24, 0)\n\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The date value returned by change event is originally in string type. You need to convert that to date then you can simply use getMonth(), getYear() functions, and construct a new date which is the first day of the month.\nhandleDateChange(event) {\n if (event.detail.value) {\n let date = new Date(event.detail.value);\n let firstDayOfMonth = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), 1);\n console.log('first day of the month =>' + firstDayOfMonth);\n }\n}\n\nLive playground.\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Question:\nImagine the conversation that came before this response?\nAmt Odervorland Odervorland is an \"Amt\" (\"municipal federation\") in the district of Oder-Spree, in Brandenburg, Germany.\n\nAnswer:\nDIALOG:\nWhat is Amtodervorland?\n- \n\nInput: See this dialog response. In the Haven of St. John the third day of August written in hast 1527, by your servant John Rut to his uttermost of his power. What came before?\nCame before: DIALOG:\nWhat was John Rut's final year like?\n- and so we are ready to depart towards Cap de Bras that is 25 leagues as shortly as we have fished and so along the Coast until we may meete with our fellowe and so with all diligence that lyes in me toward parts to that Ilands that we are command at our departing and thus Jesu save and keepe you Honourable Grace and all your Honourable Reuer.\n- What happened after he departed?\n- \n\nWrite the conversation that led to this response. It was discovered in 1917.\n****\nConversation:\nDIALOG:\nWhat is the scientific name of Mordella disparilis?\n- Mordella disparilis Mordella disparilis is a species of beetle in the genus \"Mordella\" of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea.\n- When was it discovered?\n- \n\nInput: What came before. In 1936 he finished fourth together with his partner Christian Holzenberg in the C-2 10000 metre event.\nSolution: DIALOG:\nWhen did Walter Schuur retire?\n- Walter Schuur Walter Schuur (born December 14, 1910, date of death unknown) was a German canoeist, born in Hamburg, who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.\n- How did he do in the Olympics?\n- \n\nQuestion:\nWhat might have been said before [He is also host of the Saturday broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera International Radio Network.] ???\n**********\nAnswer:\nDIALOG:\nWhat or who is Sergio Vela's artistic work?\n- He is Senior Artistic Advisor to the Orquesta Sinfónica de Minería and is Artistic Director of the Festival de México en el Centro Histórico and of the Festival de Música de Morelia.\n- What else is interesting about his artistic work?\n- He is founder and curator of a free on-line musical quarterly, Quodlibet.\n- What other programs or projects is he involved in?\n- He is consultant for several cultural institutions He has lectured extensively on opera, music, the arts and the humanities, at several academic institutions and cultural organizations, such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), the Universidad Iberoamericana, the Centro Nacional de las Artes, the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, the Universidad Panamericana, the Fundación Miguel Alemán, the Asociación Filarmónica Mozart, the ProÓpera group,the Centro de Estudios Casa Lamm, among others.\n- Does he have any other educational or lecture programs?\n- At the Auditorio Nacional, he gives regular introductory lectures to the HD Broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera House.\n- What other programs or lectures does he do?\n- For many years, he has hosted a weekly radio broadcast on opera, \"La ópera en el tiempo\", every Sunday at 5:00 pm (CST), on Opus 94.5 of the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio (IMER).\n- What else is he known for?\n- \n\nQuestion:\nWhat might have been said before [Falange Española Tradicionalista, the Francoist state party, boasted of some 0.9m members in 1942, around 3% of the population of Spain.] ???\n**********\nAnswer:\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "DIALOG:\nWhat is the difference between the Spanish Patriotic Union and other European nationalist parties?\n- In comparison to other state parties, in the mid-1930s some 10% of the Italian population were on the rolls of PNF; in 1937 some 8% of Germans were members of NSDAP.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- The communist state parties of the late 20th century recorded a membership rate between 4% in the USSR to 8%-10% in Poland or Czechoslovakia.\n- What was the membership like in Spain?\n- " } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The Johnsonburg Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.\nPrevious conversation:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A 2 person dialog: --Where is Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania located?. --Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania Johnsonburg is a borough in Elk County, Pennsylvania, northeast of Pittsburgh and south of Buffalo, New York, in a productive farming and lumbering region.. --Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?. --Paper mills were once common in the borough, with the Domtar mill still operating.. --How many people live in Johnsonburg?. --In 1910, 4,334 people lived here.. --What is the current population of Johnsonburg?. --The population was 2,483 at the 2010 census.. --When was Johnsonburg founded?. --It was founded in 1810 and incorporated in 1891.. --Is there anything else you can tell me about Johnsonburg?. --" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "1 2" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "For each text, rank the entities from most to least relevant. Sentence 1: I went to New York for vacation and saw personX at Times Square.<sep>Sentence 2: PersonX was born in NY." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Htaccess - Rewrite png to php file\n\nI currently use trans.png.php?id=1&campaign=test to track my newsletter campaigns.\nI want to use trans.png instead as it's the src of an img tag.\nHow can i do this in htaccess? Also is there any way I can disguise the get variables?\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Try:\nRewriteEngine on \nRewriteRule /([0-9a-z]+)/([0-9a-z]+)\\.png /trans.png.php?id=$2&campaign=$1\n\nThen a URL of \n/campaigntest/123.png \nwould translate to \ntrans.png.php?id=123&campaign=campaigntest\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What are the steps for creating a simple budget?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "1. Identify sources of income.\n2. Create a list of essential expenses.\n3. Track spending to get an understanding of where your money is going.\n4. Create a financial goal.\n5. Estimate income and expenses for the upcoming month.\n6. Calculate the amount of money left after subtracting expenses from income.\n7. Prioritize spending and allocate funds to different categories.\n8. Adjust budget and expenses as needed." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Teacher:In this task, you are given two sentences. Your task is to classify the given sentences as \"Yes\" if they have same meaning; otherwise, classify them as \"No\". \nTeacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Sentence-1: I haven't been there since we graduated.<sep>Sentence-2: I have gone back to our hometown this year .\nStudent:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "No" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Convo:\nAnonymous 1) Who was Caleb H. Baumes?.\nAnonymous 2) " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Caleb H. Baumes Caleb Howard Baumes (March 31, 1863 Bethlehem, Albany County, New York – September 25, 1937 near Hudson, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York He was born on March 31, 1863 in Bethlehem, New York." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "How to convert a paint layer into a fill layer?\n\nI have a bunch of paint layers that I have drawn on in levels of grey which are coloured by an overlaying colour layer with the \"inherit alpha\" option turned on.\nWhat I am trying to do is convert all those grey layers into fill layers, but they can't be converted directly (for some reason).\nThe closest I have come is converting the paint layer to a transparency mask then applying that to a new fill layer, but I would need to find a way to transfer the alpha channel value to white somehow... like an inverted \"color to alpha\" filter...\nWould any of you good people know a way to convert, or copy/paste from a paint layer to a fill layer, or how to transfer alpha channel data to white?\nThank you for your time\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "...oh wait, I'm dumb. I misunderstood how fill layers work. Darker values are supposed to be transparent, not darker.\nConverting the paint layer to a transparency mask and applying it to a new fill layer does exactly what it should.\nHopefully this question will help someone else in the futre...\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "As a shareholder in a private company that was acquired, what's the transaction date for my capital gains?\n\nI'm a common shareholder in a US private company acquired in Nov 2017 by a US public company. I'm planning to wait until Jan 2018 to exchange my shares for cash+stock in the acquirer. (The M&A proceeds-- cash and stock-- are currently being held at an escrow company who's waiting for me to give them to go-ahead to do the exchange.)\nIf I don't do the exchange util January 2018, then are my capital gains taxable in 2017 or 2018? In other words, is the sale date considered to be the date that the M&A transaction closed, or the date that I actually exchanged my private-company shares for the M&A proceeds (cash + acquirer stock) ?\nIf it matters, the escrow company has told me that the Sale Date on the 1099-B they send me will be the date of the exchange (Jan 2018), not the close date of the acquisition (Nov 2017).\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Is the 1099 going to be generated by the escrow company, and if so are they going to show the transaction date of the conversion? If both of the answers to these questions are yes, then you can choose the date that you are taxed on the gains, and place all of the income into 2018. Contact the escrow company and find that out, then attempt to do a realistic estimate of your 2018 taxes to determine what time frame you should place the income within. With current debates over tax legislation taking place in the US, it further complicates answers to the question.\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a sentence in Hebrew. Your job is to translate the Hebrew sentence into English.\n\nברצוני לדעת אם קיימת כימיה של מוסר. ברצוני לדעת\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I want to know if there's a chemistry of morality. I want to know" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "Add Python 3.8 to the list of versions tested by Travis CI.\n" }, { "from": "human", "value": "# Configuration file to run tests on Travis-CI via GitHub notifications\n# See http://travis-ci.org/\n\nlanguage: python\npython:\n - \"2.7\"\n - \"3.5\"\n - \"3.6\"\n - \"3.7\"\n\ninstall:\n - \"pip install .\"\n\nscript:\n# Run the Python unit tests\n - \"python setup.py test\"\n# Run the example scripts\n - \"cd examples/\"\n - ./run_examples.sh\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "# Configuration file to run tests on Travis-CI via GitHub notifications\n# See http://travis-ci.org/\n\nlanguage: python\npython:\n - \"2.7\"\n - \"3.5\"\n - \"3.6\"\n - \"3.7\"\n - \"3.8\"\n\ninstall:\n - \"pip install .\"\n\nscript:\n# Run the Python unit tests\n - \"python setup.py test\"\n# Run the example scripts\n - \"cd examples/\"\n - ./run_examples.sh\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A text is given in Oriya. Translate it from the Oriya language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.\nOne example is below.\nQ: “ନୂତନ ଦିଗନ୍ତ ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିବାର ରହିଛି ଏବଂ ନୂତନ ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଯିବାର ଅଛି । ଆମେ ଏଥିପାଇଁ ନିଜକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରିବାର ଅଛି ଏବଂ ସଫଳତାର ନୂତନ ସୋପାନ ଆରୋହଣ କରିବାର ଅଛି ।”\nA: \"இது ஒரு புதிய திசையன் ஒரு புதிய நோக்கம் கொண்டிருக்கிறது மற்றும் புதிய இடத்திற்குச் செல்கிறது.நாங்கள் உங்களை தயார் செய்ய வேண்டும் மற்றும் வெற்றிகரமாக ஒரு புதிய படிநிலை வேண்டும். \"\nRationale: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means '\"It has a new directional thing has a new purpose and go to the new place.We have to prepare yourself and have a new step of success. \"' which is the same as the output sentence.\nQ: ଆମେରିକାରେ ଥିବା ଭାରତୀୟମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଓ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଭିତ୍ତିଭୂମିକୁ ଭୂଲିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ : ଉପରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "இதுபோன்ற காணொலிப்பதிவு கூட்டத்தின் முக்கியத்துவம் என்னவென்றால், இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இணைந்து நிறைவேற்றும் திட்டங்களுக்கு முக்கிய பிரமுகர்களின் வருகை அவசியம் இல்லை." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "2-way dialog:\n + What is notable about Labour's Way?\n + In Labour's centenary year, state television (RTÉ) produced a two-part documentary on the history of party.\n + What was the documentary called?\n + " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "They titled it \"Labour's Way\"." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: Given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a new ending, the task is to generate the counterfactual context that is aligned with the new ending. Each instance consists of a five-sentence story. The premise is the first sentence of a story, and the second sentence, which is the initial context, provides more information about the story's context. The original ending is the last three sentences of the story. Also, you are given a new ending that can provide the new story with the same premise. You should write a counterfactual context to explain the small differences between the original and new endings. More specifically, a story context contains the general plot of the story. And a counterfactual context is a slight modification to the initial context. To sum up, you should write the second sentence of a story based on the premise(first sentence) and the new ending(last three sentences) of the story.\nPremise: Harry went to the sock every day to relax and watch the sunset. \n Initial Context: He always enjoyed watching the sun disappear over the horizon. \n Original Ending: one day someone was sitting on his bench and he was a little upset. When he went to confront the person, he discovered it was a woman. He talked with her instead and made a good friend. \n New ending: One day someone was sitting on his bench and he was a little upset. When he went to take a walk, he discovered a woman. He talked with her and made a good friend. \nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "He always enjoyed sitting with other people while watching the sunet." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Can you write short story and dialog about: Cypress throws his arms around Waverly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sure, a short story and dialog about: \"Cypress throws his arms around Waverly\" could be:\n Cypress threw his arms around Waverly and held him close. He felt Waverly's warm body against his own and breathed in the scent of his hair. Cypress felt a stirring in his heart and knew that he was falling in love with Waverly.\n Cypress: I'm so glad you're here, Waverly. I've been wanting to talk to you for a while now.\n Waverly: What's up?\n Cypress: I just wanted to tell you how much I care about you. You mean so much to me and I want to be with you, forever.\n Waverly: Cypress, I care about you too. But are you sure this is what you want? We can't rush into anything." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Can you provide more dialog assuming \" Now Cypress wants to be close to Waverly\"?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sure, the next dialog for this scene could be:\n Cypress: I know, but I can't help how I feel. Seeing you every day and talking to you makes me realize how perfect we are for each other. Please say yes, Waverly. Be my boyfriend?\n Waverly: Yes! Of course, Cypress!\n Cypress: I'm so happy to hear you say that, Waverly. I promise to always make you feel loved and to always be there for you. I love you, Waverly.\n Waverly: I love you too, Cypress." }, { "from": "human", "value": "What would be one theme of this story?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "One theme of this story could be: \"wanting to be close to another person\"" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.\n\nExample input: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.\nExample output: 3\nExample explanation: It is said in the statement that the candy doesn't melt in your hand, but the sentence in choice 3 disagrees with it.\nQ: Statement: So, credit given. Choices: 1. We must give credit where credit is due. 2. Credit is to be given then. 3. No credit is to be given out.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Imagine the conversation that came before this response? Response: It was referred to as \"Dublin\" in reference to the city of Dublin in Ireland because of the large number of Irish who lived there." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Phone call:\n -Where is Dublin located in relation to San Francisco and the Bay Area?\n -Dublin, California Dublin (formerly, Amador and Dougherty's Station) is a suburban city of the East (San Francisco) Bay and Tri-Valley regions of Alameda County, California, United States.\n -What direction is Dublin from San Francisco?\n -It is located along the north side of Interstate 580 at the intersection with Interstate 680, roughly east of downtown San Francisco, east of downtown Oakland, and north of downtown San Jose.\n -Why is the city named Dublin?\n -" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "Landen was waiting at the airport for Floyd. He saw her as she walked through the terminal and went to greet her. They hugged each other and then began to walk towards the exit. Based on this narrative, let's generate a dialogue and create a conversation." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Landen: Hey! I'm so glad you made it." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floyd: Yeah, me too. I was a little worried that my flight might be delayed, but everything worked out in the end." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Landen: That's good to hear. So, how was your flight?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floyd: It was okay, I guess. A little cramped and uncomfortable, but nothing too bad. I'm just happy to be here now." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Landen: Yeah, I can imagine. Flying can be tough sometimes. But at least you made it safe and sound. That's the important thing." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floyd: Absolutely. So, what's the plan for today? Are we going to go sightseeing or something?" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Landen: Yeah, that sounds like a great idea! There's actually a lot to see and do around here. I thought we could start with the basics today and then maybe venture out further tomorrow depending on how we're feeling.\"" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What data type is suitable for this data? Explain your reasoning. Please consider the performance and memory usage of the data type when making your decision.\nData: \"apple\"\n\nAnswer: \nThe suitable data type for the given data is a string. \n\nReasoning: \nA string is a sequence of characters, and \"apple\" consists of multiple characters. Therefore, a string is the appropriate data type to store and manipulate this data. In addition, strings in Python are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed once created. This property ensures data integrity and prevents unexpected modifications.\n\nPlease implement a function that can take in a string and return the reverse of the string. Your solution should have a time complexity of O(n), where n is the length of the string, and should not use any built-in string reversal functions.\n\nFunction Signature: \ndef reverse_string(s: str) -> str:\n\nExample:\nInput: \"apple\"\nOutput: \"elppa\"\n\nConstraints:\n- The length of the string will not exceed 10^6 characters.\n- You are not allowed to use any built-in string reversal functions or external libraries.\n- Your solution should have a time complexity of O(n), where n is the length of the string.\n- Your solution should use constant space, i.e., it should not create any additional data structures with a size dependent on the input size." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Here's one possible implementation of the `reverse_string` function:\n\n```python\ndef reverse_string(s: str) -> str:\n # Convert the string into a list of characters\n char_list = list(s)\n \n # Get the length of the string\n length = len(s)\n \n # Reverse the characters in-place\n for i in range(length // 2):\n temp = char_list[i]\n char_list[i] = char_list[length - i - 1]\n char_list[length - i - 1] = temp\n \n # Convert the list of characters back into a string\n reversed_string = ''.join(char_list)\n \n return reversed_string\n```\n\nExplanation:\n- First, we convert the input string into a list of characters using the `list()` function. This allows us to modify individual characters in the string.\n- Next, we get the length of the string using the `len()` function. This will be used in the loop to reverse the characters.\n- We then iterate through the first half of the string (up to `length // 2`) and swap the characters at the current index with the corresponding character from the end of the string. This effectively reverses the string.\n- Finally, we convert the list of characters back into a string using the `join()` method, with an empty string as the separator, and return the reversed string.\n\nThis implementation has a time complexity of O(n), where n is the length of the string, because we only need to iterate through half of the string to reverse it. It also uses constant space, as it does not create any additional data structures with a size dependent on the input size." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Example conversation: DIALOG:\nWhat are the basic operations of the modulus maxima method?\n- \nLet formula_6 be the scaling constant and formula_7 be the translation of the wavelet along the signal: where formula_9 is a continuous function in both the time domain and the frequency domain called the mother wavelet and formula_10 represents the operation of complex conjugate.\n\n\nRead the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWho is Carlos Mart ⁇ nez?\n- Carlos Martínez (footballer, born April 1986) Carlos Martínez Díez (born 9 April 1986) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a right back.\n- What is interesting about his early life?\n- He spent most of his professional career with Real Sociedad, appearing in 209 competitive matches and scoring three goals.\n- Where did he grow up?\n- Born in Lodosa, Navarre, Martínez joined Real Sociedad from local CD Izarra, aged 13.\n- What did he do after growing up?\n- He made his senior debut with the former's B-team, going on to spend two full seasons in Segunda División B.\n- Did he win?\n- In the 2007–08 campaign, with the main squad in Segunda División after 40 years, Martínez started competing as a professional.\n- What happened after that?\n- \n\nHe played his first league match on 26 August 2007 in a 0–2 home loss against CD Castellón, and scored his first goal on 25 November of that year to help the hosts beat Málaga CF 3–0.\n\n\nExample conversation: Write the response (start with \"Response:\") DIALOG:\nWhat are the similarities between FODMAP and nutrient intake?\n- These short-chain carbohydrates (lactose, fructose and sorbitol, fructans and GOS) behave similarly in the intestine.\n- how do they drag water into the intestine?\n- \n\nResponse: Firstly, being small molecules and either poorly absorbed or not absorbed at all, they drag water into the intestine via osmosis.\n\n\nSee the conversation examples, and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat do you know about Gelanesaurus flavogularis?\n- Gelanesaurus flavogularis Gelanesaurus flavogularis is a species of lizards in the family Gymnophthalmidae.\n- Where do they live?\n- It is endemic to Napo and Tungurahua Provinces, eastern Ecuador.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- The species can identified by the presence of calcareous spinules on flounces of the hemipenis.\n- Do they have any other characteristics?\n- Tail slightly compressed and lack tubercles.\n- Is there anything else unique about them?\n- \n\nTubercles are also absent on sides of neck and gular regions.\n\n\nGet response for this dialogue: DIALOG:\nWhat is Maralan in regards to Tabriz?\n- \nMaralan Maralan is a historic district in the southeastern part of Tabriz, the biggest city in Iranian Azerbaijan.\n\n\nExample conversation: DIALOG:\nWho is Jan Michael Sprenger?\n- Jan Michael Sprenger Jan Michael Sprenger (born 26 November 1982) is a German chess grandmaster and philosopher.\n- When did he become a chess master?\n- Born in 1982, Sprenger earned his international master title in 2001 and his grandmaster title in 2018.\n- What else did you find interesting?\n- He is the No.\n- Was he always this good?\n- \n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "47 ranked German player as of April 2018. Sprenger holds a PhD in philosophy, and was appointed professor of philosophy at Tilburg University in 2008." } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "CREATE TABLE regions (\n REGION_ID decimal(5,0),\n REGION_NAME varchar(25)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE jobs (\n JOB_ID varchar(10),\n JOB_TITLE varchar(35),\n MIN_SALARY decimal(6,0),\n MAX_SALARY decimal(6,0)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE employees (\n EMPLOYEE_ID decimal(6,0),\n FIRST_NAME varchar(20),\n LAST_NAME varchar(25),\n EMAIL varchar(25),\n PHONE_NUMBER varchar(20),\n HIRE_DATE date,\n JOB_ID varchar(10),\n SALARY decimal(8,2),\n COMMISSION_PCT decimal(2,2),\n MANAGER_ID decimal(6,0),\n DEPARTMENT_ID decimal(4,0)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE countries (\n COUNTRY_ID varchar(2),\n COUNTRY_NAME varchar(40),\n REGION_ID decimal(10,0)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE locations (\n LOCATION_ID decimal(4,0),\n STREET_ADDRESS varchar(40),\n POSTAL_CODE varchar(12),\n CITY varchar(30),\n STATE_PROVINCE varchar(25),\n COUNTRY_ID varchar(2)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE job_history (\n EMPLOYEE_ID decimal(6,0),\n START_DATE date,\n END_DATE date,\n JOB_ID varchar(10),\n DEPARTMENT_ID decimal(4,0)\n)\n\nCREATE TABLE departments (\n DEPARTMENT_ID decimal(4,0),\n DEPARTMENT_NAME varchar(30),\n MANAGER_ID decimal(6,0),\n LOCATION_ID decimal(4,0)\n)" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Please show me how many employees working on different countries using a pie chart." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Can you write short story and dialog based on the theme:\n needing to be motivated" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sure, a short story and dialog based on the theme \"needing to be motivated\" could be:\n Sheree was motivated to run by the thought of all the money he could save on gas. He also knew that running would help him stay in shape. Sheree started to run, making sure to warm up first with some stretching and light jogging in place.\n Sheree: Jerry, I've been running lately to try and save some money on gas.\n Jerry: Oh, that's a great idea! How's it going?\n Sheree: It's going pretty well, actually. I'm starting to feel a lot better and I think I'm getting in better shape too.\n Jerry: That's great! Have you been running every day?\n Sheree: Yeah, pretty much. I take a few days off here and there, but for the most part I've been running every day.\n Jerry: That's terrific! Keep it up and you'll be in great shape in no time." }, { "from": "human", "value": "And a title?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sure, a title for this dialog could be: \n Sheree was motivated. Sheree starts to run." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Instructions: In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about \"doctors\", you can talk about \"health\" or \"diagnosis\", but don't mention \"aliens\". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: \"She likes cakes.\" is changed to \"She doesn't like cakes.\"\nInput: Beginning: Sam was washing his car. Middle: Sam paid for good quality buffer. Ending: He was able to get the scratches buffed out for a small price.\nOutput:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sam couldn't get the scratches out of the car." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Find prime numbers under N\n\nI'm using the Sieve of Eratosthenes to find primes numbers under N. Is there any performance problems you see with my approach? I used the LinkedList<Integer> because of the performance of removing items to the list while looping through it. Also, I'd want to know if I respect the Java conventions with my code.\nimport java.util.*;\nimport java.lang.*;\nimport java.io.*;\n\npublic class PrimeFinders\n{\n public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception\n {\n LinkedList<Integer> naturalNumbers = new LinkedList<Integer>();\n final int maxNumber = 1000; //This is N\n\n //Add only uneven numbers, as even numbers won't be prime\n for(int i = 3; i <= maxNumber;i+=2){\n naturalNumbers.add(i);\n }\n\n int primeIndex = 1; //Starting at 1 since we need to count the number 2, not added in the list\n int primeNumber = 2; //First prime number is 2\n\n while(naturalNumbers.size() > 0){\n primeNumber = naturalNumbers.pop(); //Always a prime since non-prime numbers are removed in the loop.\n System.out.println(\"Prime \" + primeIndex + \" : \" + primeNumber);\n applyEratosthenesSieve(primeNumber, naturalNumbers);\n primeIndex++;\n }\n }\n\n private static void applyEratosthenesSieve(int prime, LinkedList<Integer> numbers){\n Iterator<Integer> numbersIterator = numbers.iterator();\n\n while(numbersIterator.hasNext()){\n int number = numbersIterator.next();\n if(number % prime == 0){ //Remove all multiples of the number.\n numbersIterator.remove();\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You're close to a sieve, but you're missing some points.\nFirst and foremost your applyEratosthenesSieve is incorrect - this should step though the range in steps of prime; this very fact precludes the use of a LinkedList.\nThe usual approach uses a boolean[] nonPrime , on which you carry out the following steps:\n\nSet everything to false as you don't know if anything is a composite. This isn't really required as in Java boolean is false by default.\nStarting with i = 2 to Math.sqrt(target), if !nonPrime[i], loop over nonPrime for j = i * 2 while j < nonPrime.length in increments of i and set nonPrime[j] = true.\nYou now have an boolean[] where anything that is false (>=2) is a prime.\n\nThe simplest implementation I can think of is:\nList<Integer> primesUpTo(final int target) {\n final boolean[] nonPrime = new boolean[target + 1];\n\n for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(target); ++i) {\n if (!nonPrime[i]) {\n for (int j = i * 2; j <= target; j += i) {\n nonPrime[j] = true;\n }\n }\n }\n\n final List<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>();\n\n for (int i = 2; i <= target; ++i) {\n if (!nonPrime[i]) primes.add(i);\n }\n\n return primes;\n}\n\nUsing Caliper this method has a runtime of around 5ms for target=1,000,000.\nI have done a few experiments with speeding up the code. For example, using the Prime number theorem we know that there are approximately x/ln(x) prime numbers between 1 and x. Using this information we can create the ArrayList used for storing the primes to almost the right size:\nfinal int approxPiX = (int) (target / Math.log(target));\nfinal List<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>(approxPiX);\n\nThis should reduce the amount of time the ArrayList spends resizing itself. This reduces the runtime by about .1ms for target=1,000,000 - so has little effect. These sort of micro-optimisations should always be tested using benchmarks to see if the additional code complexity warrants their addition.\nA few comments on the code:\nUse of final\nYou use final sometimes to delimit references that won't change:\nfinal int maxNumber = 1000;\n\nBut not in other places:\nLinkedList<Integer> naturalNumbers = new LinkedList<Integer>();\n\nI don't like this. I think if you are going to down the route of using final then use it for all references that won't change, that includes:\n\nfields\nmethod parameters\nvariables\nloop iterators\n\nScope\nIt is generally good practice to scope variables in the minimum possible scope. I don't like this:\nint primeIndex = 1; //Starting at 1 since we need to count the number 2, not added in the list\nint primeNumber = 2; //First prime number is 2\n\nwhile(naturalNumbers.size() > 0){\n primeIndex++;\n}\n\nFirstly because of the scope of primeXXX and also because loop indicies should be incremented inside a for declaration unless you have a good reason not to.\nI would prefer the following construct as it show that I have two variables used in the loop, that the termination condition is naturalNumbers.size() > 0 and that I increment primeIndex every iteration.\nfor (int primeIndex = 1, primeNumber = 2; naturalNumbers.size() > 0; ++primeIndex) {\n\n}\n\nIterators\nKudos for correctly using an Iterator to remove() from a Collection while iterating. But, as described above, this is not the correct approach to implementing a Sieve.\nProgramming to the interface\nI don't link this method declaration:\nprivate static void applyEratosthenesSieve(int prime, LinkedList<Integer> numbers){\n\nYou don't use any of the properties of LinkedList. You do not need to know that it is a LinkedList. I would specify the argument as Iterable and leave the invoking class to decide on an implementation.\nBrackets\nThere are two styles of using curly brackets in Java, and either are valid:\nthing {\n ...\n}\n\nthing\n{\n ...\n}\n\nBut (and this is a big one for style) you should only use one type. You have got one type in some places and the other type in other places. Set a preferred style in your IDE and stick to it. Also, if using Egyptian brackets (the first style) please leave a space between the statement and the opening bracket.\nComments\nComments like this:\nfinal int maxNumber = 1000; //This is N\n\nAre horrible! If you need to label a variable declaration with what that variable is, you have picked the wrong name.\nFurther, if you are going to use inline comments, avoid the case where the comment makes the line so long that it's illegible.\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a sentence in Persian. Your job is to translate the Farsi sentence into Spanish.\n\nجک: چه مدتی اینجا افتادیم ؟" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "J: ¿Con qué frecuencia las tienes?" } ]

[ { "from": "system", "value": "Rhylee has been fighting cancer for two years. She was diagnosed with leukemia when she was only six years old, and has since undergone countless rounds of chemotherapy and radiation. Despite all the odds, Rhylee is still here today and fighting harder than ever. Let's create a dialogue by incorporating this information." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Rhylee: Hey, Mom." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom: Hey, sweetie. How are you feeling today?" }, { "from": "human", "value": "Rhylee: I'm feeling pretty good today. The doctors say that my latest round of treatment is working and my cancer is starting to go into remission." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom: That's amazing news, Rhylee! We've been praying so hard for you." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Rhylee: Yeah, I know. But I'm not giving up yet. I'm going to keep fighting until I'm completely cancer-free." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom: You're so strong, Rhylee. I'm so proud of you no matter what happens." }, { "from": "human", "value": "Rhylee: Thanks, Mom. I just wish that this whole thing was over so I could go back to living a normal life." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mom: I know, sweetie. But we're taking it one day at a time and we'll get through this together." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Read this response and predict the preceding dialog. Lord Hardwicke gave the judgment of the court.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Phone call:\n Person A) What was the leading principle in Whelpdale v Cookson?;\n Person B) Whelpdale v Cookson Whelpdale v Cookson (1747) 27 ER 856 is an English trusts law case, also relevant for UK company law, on the duty of loyalty owed by a trustee to beneficiaries of the trust.;\n Person A) What happened in that case?;\n Person B) A trustee purchased land that was owned by the trust.;\n Person A) Who was the judge in the case?;\n Person B) " } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Here's some sample python code which uses if else statements to determine low education based off of exam results. The function takes two parameters - exam_results (a list containing each person's score) and cutoff (the minimum passing grade). It then loops through each person's scores and determines whether they pass or fail based on the cutoff value. If someone fails, their education level is set to \"low\". This can easily be modified by adding more conditions or changing the criteria for determining failure. Note that this is just one possible implementation, there may be other ways to solve this problem depending on the specific requirements.\n\n def determine_low_education(exam_results, cutoff):\n \"\"\"DetermineLowEducation\n \n Args:\n exam_results (list): A list containing each persons score \n cutoff (int): The minimum passing grade\n\n Returns:\n str: The determined education level (\"high\", \"medium\", or \"low\")\n \n Raises:\n ValueError: If the input values are not valid\"\"\"\n \n # Validate inputs\n if not isinstance(exam_results, list):\n raise ValueError(\"Invalid input type for 'exam_results'. Expected: List.\")\n if not isinstance(cutoff, int):\n raise ValueError(\"Invalid input type for 'cutoff'. Expected: Integer.\")\n \n # Initialize variables\n num_passed = 0\n education_level = \"\"\n \n # Loop through each result\n for result in exam_results:\n \n # Check if passed\n if result >= cutoff:\n num_passed += 1\n \n # Set education level based on number of passes\n elif num_passed == 0:\n education_level = \"low\"\n else:\n education_level = \"medium\"\n \n return education_level" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Design a Python function snippet to Transform High Regular health check-ups: Scheduling Routine Medical Exams for Engineer for Experts. Implement if/else or switch/case statements to handle different conditions related to the Bias. Provide detailed comments explaining your control flow and the reasoning behind each decision." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.\nThis task is about translating a given English language sentence to Spanish.\n\nHow many of you saw USA Today, today? There it is.\nOutput:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "¿Cuántos de ustedes vieron el periódico USA Today hoy?" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "From the given sentence, extract the phrase (often noun or verb) that carries the given relationship. The generated phrase should be present in the sentence.\nExample: Given Relationship: 'make', Sentence: 'Jenny made the announcement that her baby was an alien.'\nExample solution: made\nExample explanation: The output relationship - made, is a correct verb form of the given relationship - make, and it is also used in the given sentence\n\nProblem: Given Relationship: 'want to be', Sentence: 'Satan wanted to be worshipped instead of God , so he rebelled and was kicked out of heaven , taking about 1/3 of the angels with him .'\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Solution: wanted" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Please reorder the following sentences so that they tell a cohesive story: Sentence1: PersonX sees something on the ground and stoops down to pick it up. Sentence2: It was a ten dollar bill! PersonX exclaims in disbelief. Sentence3: He was walking home from work when he found it.,." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "123" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "I'm going to a wedding and I'm worried I won't know anyone there. What are some things to do before the wedding that will help me get to know the other guests?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "1. Ask people if they have any advice for getting to know people at the wedding.\n2. Look up the names of the guests on social media or ask your friends and family who is attending.\n3. Bring something small, like a bottle of wine, to the wedding as a gift for the host.\n4. Attend an event or activity with the same group of people you're meeting at the wedding.\n5. Send a personalized email or text message introducing yourself and expressing why you're excited to meet them.\n6. Make a list of questions ahead of time so you can start conversations during the reception." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Definition: You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Farsi.\nInput: إنه جوهر الجهود البشرية: كيف نعمل معاً ، وكيف يساهم كل جهد في دعم جهود الأخرين.\nOutput:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "در جوهر اقدامات بشر: نحوه کار کردن ما ، این که چطور هر اقدام ما به اقدامات دیگران تاثیر می ‎ بخشد." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Example conversation: DIALOG:\nWhat are the most common conditions for which people need regular dental care?\n- These conditions include renal dialysis shunt, cerebrospinal fluid shunt, vascular graft, immunosuppression secondary to cancer and cancer chemotherapy, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- \nIt is of importance to dental patients and practitioners to remain current with regards to the latest recommendations rendered by professional governing bodies such as the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP), American Dental Association (ADA), American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Association of Orthopaedic surgeons (AAOS).\n\n\nRead the dialog and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWho is Vadim Lazarev?\n- Vadim Lazarev Vadim Vladimirovich Lazarev (; born 4 February 2000) is a Russian football player.\n- What is the current team he plays for?\n- He plays for FC Inter Cherkessk on loan from FC Chayka Peschanokopskoye.\n- What teams did he play for in the 2017 league?\n- \n\nHe played for PFC CSKA Moscow in the 2017–18 UEFA Youth League.\n\n\nExample conversation: Write the response (start with \"Response:\") DIALOG:\nWho is Elizabeth Gill Lui?\n- Elizabeth Gill Lui Elizabeth Gill Lui ( born Nancy Elizabeth Gill; February 6, 1951) in Yonkers , New York is an American photographer and artist.\n- Where did she grow up?\n- Elizabeth Gill Lui, daughter to U.S. Air Force Colonel Richard M.Gill and Shirley Squire, spent her early childhood migrating with her father's military assignments in the Air Force Weather Service from Alaska to Wiesbaden, (Germany); Washington, D.C. to Alabama, and by middle school, Colorado Springs, Colorado.\n- Where did she go to school?\n- She attended Marymount International School London, a Catholic girl's boarding school, in the fifth and sixth grades; Cheyenne Mountain High School in Colorado Springs; graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Colorado College with a degree in comparative religion; pursued American Indian Studies at University of Denver; and studied architectural photography at Harvard Graduate School of Design in a program headed by Ezra Stoller.\n- Did she have any siblings?\n- \n\nResponse: As a fine arts minor at Colorado College, Gill Lui was creating highly detailed and graphic lithography and engraving, but by her late 20s, she began exploring photography in printmaking.\n\n\nSee the conversation examples, and predict the next turn. DIALOG:\nWhat is the main active constituent of Benzotrichloride?\n- Benzotrichloride Benzotrichloride, also known as trichlorotoluene is an organic compound with the formula CHCCl.\n- What is the Benzotrichloride used for?\n- \n\nIt is principally used as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical products such as dyes.\n\n\nGet response for this dialogue: DIALOG:\nWhat are some political differences between Bob Heleringer and Steve Nunn?\n- Steve Nunn, who had entered the legislature at the same time as Heleringer, lost the gubernatorial nomination to U.S. Representative Ernie Fletcher, who then became the first Republican to win the Kentucky governorship since Louie B.\n- Who was more popular?\n- Nunn.\n- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?\n- Steve Nunn is now serving a life sentence for the murder of a former fiancée.\n- What did Heleringer do after losing?\n- In 2008, Heleringer ran unsuccessfully for the Kentucky State Senate.\n- Did he try running for anything else?\n- \nIn 2015, Heleringer finished second among twenty-one candidates for the seat on the state 30th District Court for Jefferson County vacated by the retiring Judge Michele Stengel.\n\n\nGet response for this dialogue: DIALOG:\nWhat was the British Splendour?\n- British Splendour MV \"British Splendour\" was a tanker which was torpedoed and sunk on 7 April 1941 during World War II by .\n- Where was it headed?\n- \" British Splendour\" was making her way from Houston, Texas to ultimately meet a British bound convoy off of Nova Scotia and deliver 10,000 tons of gasoline.\n- Is there any other interesting information I should know?\n- The ship was a steel hulled oil tanker built in 1931 by Palmers Shipbuilding & Iron Company for the British Tanker Company.\n- How fast was it going?\n- She could travel at a speed of up to 11 knots.\n- What was it carrying?\n- \n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In 1939, \"British Splendour\", along with her sister ships, was chartered by the British Government to transport fuel supplies for the armed forces." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "If $a + b = 20$ and $a - b = 4$, what is the value of $a$?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Similar to the previous problem, we can add the two equations together to eliminate $b$:\n$(a+b) + (a-b) = 20 + 4$ simplifies to $2a = 24$, so $a = \\boxed{12}$." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "How can I get the right hand side of a delayed expression?\n\nImagine there is a given function f, defined with SetDelayed, say\nf[x_] := Sin[x]^2 + Cos[x]^2.\n\nIs it possible to get rhs of this function before evaluation? For instance of f[5] I want to get expression\nSin[5]^2 + Cos[5]^2.\n\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can do\nHold[f[5]] /. DownValues[f]\n\nwhich would return to you the r.h.s. wrapped in Hold - which you can then strip or do anything else with it.\nNote that while this is a useful technique, in many cases it is not really needed, so I'd first reconsider the design of your functions, and only use the above if it is really necessary.As a light-weight alternative, you can use local rules (RuleDelayed), e.g.\nClearAll[f];\nmyFormula = f[x_] :> Sin[x]^2 + Cos[x]^2;\n\nThen, you get what you need simply by\nf[5] /. myFormula\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Part 1. Definition\nIn this task, you're given the beginning and the ending of a three-part story. Your job is to complete the short story by writing a middle sentence that seamlessly connects the first and last sentence. Generated sentences must be short, have fewer than 10 words, and be simple as if narrating to a child. Avoid using any irrelevant extra information when creating the middle sentence, and use names (e.g. Jack, Barbara,...) instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible.\nPart 2. Example\nBeginning: Helen lived in the state of Washington. Ending: Helen stayed home instead and planned to go another day.\nAnswer: Helen planned to drive to Canada but it started snowing heavily.\nExplanation: Generally, people prefer not to drive in bad weather.\nPart 3. Exercise\nBeginning: My fiance put me in charge of the music for our wedding. Ending: I made my own playlist on my iPod and it's a great list of songs!\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "I decided to do something fun and affordable." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Provide the parts-of-speech tag of a word present in a sentence specified within curly braces ( '{{ ... }}' ). The parts-of-speech tags are coarse labels that represent a category of words with similar grammatical properties. The list of part-of-speech tags i.e tagset of this corpus is - \n '.': Period symbol is used for symbols denoting Punctuations/Separations such as comma, period, backticks etc., \n 'ADJ': Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes, \n 'ADP': Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions, \n 'ADV': Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner, \n 'CONJ': A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause, \n 'DET': Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context, \n 'NOUN': Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea, \n 'NUM': A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction, \n 'PRT': Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech, \n 'PRON': Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context, \n 'PROPN': A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object, \n 'VERB': A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause, \n 'X': The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.\nQ: Sentence: Says 0 {{ *ICH*-3 }} the organization 's founder , John Cannell , * prosecuting Mrs. Yeargin is `` a way for 0 administrators to protect themselves *T*-4 and look like they take cheating seriously *T*-4 , when in fact they do n't take it seriously at all *T*-1 . '' \nWord: *ICH*-3\nA: " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "X" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task, you are given two natural language statements with similar wording. You must choose the statement that makes less sense based on common sense knowledge. A '\n' separates the statements. Use \"first\" or \"second\" to indicate which sentence makes less sense.\n\nQ: Only birds can fly\nOnly humans can fly\n\nA: second\n****\nQ: we must exercise to sustain energy levels\nwe must eat to sustain energy levels\n\nA: first\n****\nQ: There are many spceships in the sea.\nThere are many fish in the sea.\n\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "first\n****\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Question: If the distance from Anthony's apartment to work is 10 miles, what is the distance from his apartment to the gym if the gym is 2 miles further than half the distance from his apartment to work?\nAnswer: Half the distance from Anthony's apartment to work is 10/2 = 5 miles.\nThe gym is 2 miles further than half the distance from his apartment to work, so the distance from his apartment to the gym is 5 + 2 = 7 miles.\n#### 7\nThe answer is: 7\n\nQuestion: The tallest of 3 trees is 108 feet. The middle sized tree is x feet less than half the height of the tallest tree. The smallest tree is 1/4 the height of the middle tree. The smallest tree is 12 tall. What is the value of unknown variable x?\nAnswer: To solve this problem, we need to determine the value of x, which represents the difference in height between the middle-sized tree and half the height of the tallest tree.\nLet's break down the information given:\nHeight of the tallest tree: 108 feet\nHeight of the middle-sized tree: (1/2 * 108) - x\nHeight of the smallest tree: (1/4) * (1/2 * 108 - x) = 12 feet\nWe can set up the equation as follows:\n(1/4) * (1/2 * 108 - x) = 12\nLet's simplify and solve for x:\n(1/4) * (54 - x) = 12\n(54 - x) / 4 = 12\nTo isolate x, we multiply both sides of the equation by 4:\n54 - x = 48\nTo isolate x, we subtract 54 from both sides of the equation:\n54 - x - 54 = 48 - 54\n-x = -6\nFinally, we multiply both sides of the equation by -1 to solve for x:\nx = 6\nThe value of x is 6.\n#### 6\nThe answer is: 6\n\nQuestion: Lennon is a sales rep and is paid $0.36 in mileage reimbursement when he travels to meet with clients. On Monday he drove 18 miles. Tuesday he drove 26 miles. Wednesday and Thursday he drove 20 miles each day and on Friday he drove 16 miles. How much money will he be reimbursed?\nAnswer: On Monday Lennon drove 18 miles, so he will be reimbursed 18 * $0.36 = $6.48\nOn Tuesday Lennon drove 26 miles, so he will be reimbursed 26 * $0.36 = $9.36\nOn Wednesday and Thursday Lennon drove 20 miles each day, so he will be reimbursed 20 * $0.36 + 20 * $0.36 = $14.40\nOn Friday Lennon drove 16 miles, so he will be reimbursed 16 * $0.36 = $5.76\nIn total, Lennon will be reimbursed $6.48 + $9.36 + $14.40 + $5.76 = $36\n#### 36\nThe answer is: 36\n\nQuestion: Let $x,$ $y,$ $z$ be real numbers such that $-1 < x,$ $y,$ $z < 1.$ Find the minimum value of\n\\[\\frac{1}{(1 - x)(1 - y)(1 - z)} + \\frac{1}{(1 + x)(1 + y)(1 + z)}.\\]\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": " Let $a = 1 - x,$ $b = 1 - y,$ and $c = 1 - z.$ Then $0 < a,$ $b,$ $c < 2.$ Also,\n\\begin{align*}\n\\frac{1}{(1 - x)(1 - y)(1 - z)} + \\frac{1}{(1 + x)(1 + y)(1 + z)} &= \\frac{1}{abc} + \\frac{1}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c) + abc}{abc(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{8 - 4(a + b + c) + 2(ab + bc + ca) - abc + abc}{abc(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{8 - 4(a + b + c) + 2(ab + bc + ca)}{abc(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{2(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c) - 4(a + b + c) + 8}{abc(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{2}{abc} + \\frac{8}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} - \\frac{4}{abc(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{2}{abc} + \\frac{8}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} - \\frac{4}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\\\\n&= \\frac{2}{abc} + \\frac{4}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)}.\n\\end{align*}By AM-GM,\n\\[\\frac{2}{abc} + \\frac{4}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)} \\ge 2 \\sqrt{\\frac{2}{abc} \\cdot \\frac{4}{(2 - a)(2 - b)(2 - c)}} = 2.\\]Equality occurs when $x = y = z = 0,$ so the minimum value is $\\boxed{2}.$The answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the author of the tweet is angry or not. Label the instances as \"Angry\" or \"Not angry\" based on your judgment.\n\nInput: Consider Input: Working with alergies is the most miserable shit in the world #miserable #alergies\n\nOutput: Angry\n\n\nInput: Consider Input: Batman like to enrage the heat on the new dimity frock and proposed marriage to me! Polly Shaw will lay me a CBGB crazy balled\n\nOutput: Not angry\n\n\nInput: Consider Input: Just joined #pottermore and was sorted into HUFFLEPUFF 😡😡😡 \n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Output: Angry\n\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Please answer the following question: You are considering whether to buy a product. You look at the reviews. Would the following review decrease or increase the chances of you buying the product? Review title: difficult to measure size Product review: I ordered the tray walker for use after a hip replacement required extended time using the walker. I thought I had measured correctly for my walker. When it arrived, I found the tray fit over the bars accurately, but it would not lie flat. Thus, the tray slanted anytime it was even lightly bumped. Therefore, it was relatively useless for anything other than light weight, non-spillable objects. Also, keep in mind that the tray will block your access to placing one's body in between the bars of the walker;consequently, if the walker is needed for anything other than balance (taking one's weight off an injured leg), the tray will also prove unusable. The tray itself is fine and should last a long time. It may just be one of those things that is best purchased in house uniquely for each particular walker and not something easily selected on line.\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "decrease" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "See the conversation. A dialog between 2 people:\n(1) Who is Shazia Mirza?\n(2) " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Shazia Mirza Shazia Mirza is an English stand-up comedian, actress, and writer." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "You are given a sentence in Spanish. Your job is to translate the Spanish sentence into Hebrew.\n\nQ: De repente, las universidades podían ahorrar millones de dólares dejando que los estudiantes hagan experimentos virtuales antes de entrar al laboratorio real.\n\nA: ופתאום, האוניברסיטאות יכולות לחסוך מליוני דולרים על ידי כך שיתנו לסטודנטים לבצע ניסויים וירטואלים לפני שהם נכנסים למעבדה אמיתית.\n****\nQ: Trágicamente, ella murió antes de que él se lo pidiera. Y él es bueno para delegar... (Risas) Él dijo... CA: Tuitea eso.\n\nA: למרבה הצער, היא נפטרה לפניו והוא גדול בהאצלת סמכויות, ו — (צחוק) הוא אמר — כ.א: צייץ זאת.\n****\nQ: Tuve que cambiar mi enfoque.\n\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "נאלצתי לשנות את הגישה שלי.\n****\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "See the conversation. DIALOG: - What did Ian L. Boyd do? - He then used these results to estimate the food consumption of whole populations of marine predators like seals and penguins. - What else did Boyd do? - Other interests have included behavioral optimisation within physiological constraints using diving physiology as an example and the evolution of the economy of natural currency (e.g. energy) allocation under uncertainty. - Did he publish any papers? - " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "He has also authored many research papers and books about marine mammals." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a passage as input, answer with the category to which the passage belongs. There are 5 categories - Sports and Fitness, Home and Garden, Hobbies and Crafts, Food and Entertaining, Cars & Other Vehicles. The answer should be one of the categories based on words from the passage which closely belong to the category.\n\nDrill a hole in each timber, about 1\" from the end. Line up the timbers, line up the holes, and push the threaded rod through all three timbers. Put a washer on each end. Place the trellis in your garden. Trellises like this tend to blow over once they are covered with lots of foliage, so they need to be anchored.Plant vines around your new trellis." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The passage describes the method for creating a trellis, which is used to support plants. This indicates that the passage belongs to \"Home and Garden\" category." } ]