ALBERT¶

Overview¶

The ALBERT model was proposed in ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, Radu Soricut. It presents two parameter-reduction techniques to lower memory consumption and increase the training speed of BERT:

Splitting the embedding matrix into two smaller matrices
Using repeating layers split among groups

The abstract from the paper is the following:

Increasing model size when pretraining natural language representations often results in improved performance on downstream tasks. However, at some point further model increases become harder due to GPU/TPU memory limitations, longer training times, and unexpected model degradation. To address these problems, we present two parameter-reduction techniques to lower memory consumption and increase the training speed of BERT. Comprehensive empirical evidence shows that our proposed methods lead to models that scale much better compared to the original BERT. We also use a self-supervised loss that focuses on modeling inter-sentence coherence, and show it consistently helps downstream tasks with multi-sentence inputs. As a result, our best model establishes new state-of-the-art results on the GLUE, RACE, and SQuAD benchmarks while having fewer parameters compared to BERT-large.

Tips:

ALBERT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it’s usually advised to pad the inputs on the right rather than the left.
ALBERT uses repeating layers which results in a small memory footprint, however the computational cost remains similar to a BERT-like architecture with the same number of hidden layers as it has to iterate through the same number of (repeating) layers.

The original code can be found here.

AlbertConfig¶

class transformers.AlbertConfig(vocab_size=30000, embedding_size=128, hidden_size=4096, num_hidden_layers=12, num_hidden_groups=1, num_attention_heads=64, intermediate_size=16384, inner_group_num=1, hidden_act='gelu_new', hidden_dropout_prob=0, attention_probs_dropout_prob=0, max_position_embeddings=512, type_vocab_size=2, initializer_range=0.02, layer_norm_eps=1e-12, classifier_dropout_prob=0.1, pad_token_id=0, bos_token_id=2, eos_token_id=3, **kwargs)[source]¶

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of an AlbertModel. It is used to instantiate an ALBERT model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the ALBERT xxlarge architecture.

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

Parameters

vocab_size (int, optional, defaults to 30000) – Vocabulary size of the ALBERT model. Defines the different tokens that can be represented by the inputs_ids passed to the forward method of AlbertModel.
embedding_size (int, optional, defaults to 128) – Dimensionality of vocabulary embeddings.
hidden_size (int, optional, defaults to 4096) – Dimensionality of the encoder layers and the pooler layer.
num_hidden_layers (int, optional, defaults to 12) – Number of hidden layers in the Transformer encoder.
num_hidden_groups (int, optional, defaults to 1) – Number of groups for the hidden layers, parameters in the same group are shared.
num_attention_heads (int, optional, defaults to 64) – Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
intermediate_size (int, optional, defaults to 16384) – The dimensionality of the “intermediate” (i.e., feed-forward) layer in the Transformer encoder.
inner_group_num (int, optional, defaults to 1) – The number of inner repetition of attention and ffn.
hidden_act (str or function, optional, defaults to “gelu_new”) – The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the encoder and pooler. If string, “gelu”, “relu”, “swish” and “gelu_new” are supported.
hidden_dropout_prob (float, optional, defaults to 0) – The dropout probability for all fully connected layers in the embeddings, encoder, and pooler.
attention_probs_dropout_prob (float, optional, defaults to 0) – The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.
max_position_embeddings (int, optional, defaults to 512) – The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with. Typically set this to something large (e.g., 512 or 1024 or 2048).
type_vocab_size (int, optional, defaults to 2) – The vocabulary size of the token_type_ids passed into AlbertModel.
initializer_range (float, optional, defaults to 0.02) – The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
layer_norm_eps (float, optional, defaults to 1e-12) – The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
classifier_dropout_prob (float, optional, defaults to 0.1) – The dropout ratio for attached classifiers.

Example:

from transformers import AlbertConfig, AlbertModel
# Initializing an ALBERT-xxlarge style configuration
albert_xxlarge_configuration = AlbertConfig()

# Initializing an ALBERT-base style configuration
albert_base_configuration = AlbertConfig(
    hidden_size=768,
    num_attention_heads=12,
    intermediate_size=3072,
)

# Initializing a model from the ALBERT-base style configuration
model = AlbertModel(albert_xxlarge_configuration)

# Accessing the model configuration
configuration = model.config

pretrained_config_archive_map¶

A dictionary containing all the available pre-trained checkpoints.

Type: Dict[str, str]

AlbertTokenizer¶

class transformers.AlbertTokenizer(vocab_file, do_lower_case=True, remove_space=True, keep_accents=False, bos_token='[CLS]', eos_token='[SEP]', unk_token='<unk>', sep_token='[SEP]', pad_token='<pad>', cls_token='[CLS]', mask_token='[MASK]', **kwargs)[source]¶

Constructs an ALBERT tokenizer. Based on SentencePiece

This tokenizer inherits from PreTrainedTokenizer which contains most of the methods. Users should refer to the superclass for more information regarding methods.

Parameters

vocab_file (string) – SentencePiece file (generally has a .spm extension) that contains the vocabulary necessary to instantiate a tokenizer.
do_lower_case (bool, optional, defaults to True) – Whether to lowercase the input when tokenizing.
remove_space (bool, optional, defaults to True) – Whether to strip the text when tokenizing (removing excess spaces before and after the string).
keep_accents (bool, optional, defaults to False) – Whether to keep accents when tokenizing.
bos_token (string, optional, defaults to “[CLS]”) –
The beginning of sequence token that was used during pre-training. Can be used a sequence classifier token.

Note

When building a sequence using special tokens, this is not the token that is used for the beginning of sequence. The token used is the cls_token.
eos_token (string, optional, defaults to “[SEP]”) –
The end of sequence token.

Note

When building a sequence using special tokens, this is not the token that is used for the end of sequence. The token used is the sep_token.
unk_token (string, optional, defaults to “<unk>”) – The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
sep_token (string, optional, defaults to “[SEP]”) – The separator token, which is used when building a sequence from multiple sequences, e.g. two sequences for sequence classification or for a text and a question for question answering. It is also used as the last token of a sequence built with special tokens.
pad_token (string, optional, defaults to “<pad>”) – The token used for padding, for example when batching sequences of different lengths.
cls_token (string, optional, defaults to “[CLS]”) – The classifier token which is used when doing sequence classification (classification of the whole sequence instead of per-token classification). It is the first token of the sequence when built with special tokens.
mask_token (string, optional, defaults to “[MASK]”) – The token used for masking values. This is the token used when training this model with masked language modeling. This is the token which the model will try to predict.

sp_model¶

The SentencePiece processor that is used for every conversion (string, tokens and IDs).

Type: SentencePieceProcessor

build_inputs_with_special_tokens(token_ids_0: List[int], token_ids_1: Optional[List[int]] = None) → List[int][source]¶

Build model inputs from a sequence or a pair of sequence for sequence classification tasks by concatenating and adding special tokens. An ALBERT sequence has the following format:

single sequence: [CLS] X [SEP]
pair of sequences: [CLS] A [SEP] B [SEP]

Parameters

token_ids_0 (List[int]) – List of IDs to which the special tokens will be added
token_ids_1 (List[int], optional, defaults to None) – Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

list of input IDs with the appropriate special tokens.

Return type

List[int]

create_token_type_ids_from_sequences(token_ids_0: List[int], token_ids_1: Optional[List[int]] = None) → List[int][source]¶

Creates a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. An ALBERT sequence pair mask has the following format:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| first sequence    | second sequence |

if token_ids_1 is None, only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

Parameters

token_ids_0 (List[int]) – List of ids.
token_ids_1 (List[int], optional, defaults to None) – Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Return type

List[int]

get_special_tokens_mask(token_ids_0: List[int], token_ids_1: Optional[List[int]] = None, already_has_special_tokens: bool = False) → List[int][source]¶

Retrieves sequence ids from a token list that has no special tokens added. This method is called when adding special tokens using the tokenizer prepare_for_model or encode_plus methods.

Parameters

token_ids_0 (List[int]) – List of ids.
token_ids_1 (List[int], optional, defaults to None) – Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
already_has_special_tokens (bool, optional, defaults to False) – Set to True if the token list is already formatted with special tokens for the model

Returns

A list of integers in the range [0, 1]: 1 for a special token, 0 for a sequence token.

Return type

List[int]

save_vocabulary(save_directory)[source]¶

Save the sentencepiece vocabulary (copy original file) and special tokens file to a directory.

Parameters: save_directory (str) – The directory in which to save the vocabulary.
Returns: Paths to the files saved.
Return type: Tuple(str)

AlbertModel¶

class transformers.AlbertModel(config)[source]¶

The bare ALBERT Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

config_class¶: alias of transformers.configuration_albert.AlbertConfig

forward(input_ids=None, attention_mask=None, token_type_ids=None, position_ids=None, head_mask=None, inputs_embeds=None)[source]¶

The AlbertModel forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.

Returns

last_hidden_state (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)):

Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

pooler_output (torch.FloatTensor: of shape (batch_size, hidden_size)):

Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during pre-training.

This output is usually not a good summary of the semantic content of the input, you’re often better with averaging or pooling the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.

hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Return type

tuple(torch.FloatTensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

Example:

from transformers import AlbertModel, AlbertTokenizer
import torch

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = AlbertModel.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True)).unsqueeze(0)  # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids)
last_hidden_states = outputs[0]  # The last hidden-state is the first element of the output tuple

get_input_embeddings()[source]¶

Returns the model’s input embeddings.

Returns: A torch module mapping vocabulary to hidden states.
Return type: nn.Module

load_tf_weights(config, tf_checkpoint_path)¶: Load tf checkpoints in a pytorch model.

set_input_embeddings(value)[source]¶

Set model’s input embeddings

Parameters: value (nn.Module) – A module mapping vocabulary to hidden states.

AlbertForMaskedLM¶

class transformers.AlbertForMaskedLM(config)[source]¶

Albert Model with a language modeling head on top.

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

forward(input_ids=None, attention_mask=None, token_type_ids=None, position_ids=None, head_mask=None, inputs_embeds=None, masked_lm_labels=None)[source]¶

The AlbertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
masked_lm_labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) – Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should be in [-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size] (see input_ids docstring) Tokens with indices set to -100 are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in [0, ..., config.vocab_size]

Returns

loss (optional, returned when masked_lm_labels is provided) torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,):

Masked language modeling loss.

prediction_scores (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size))

Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Return type

tuple(torch.FloatTensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

Example:

from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, AlbertForMaskedLM
import torch

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = AlbertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True)).unsqueeze(0)  # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids, masked_lm_labels=input_ids)
loss, prediction_scores = outputs[:2]

get_output_embeddings()[source]¶

Returns the model’s output embeddings.

Returns: A torch module mapping hidden states to vocabulary.
Return type: nn.Module

tie_weights()[source]¶: Tie the weights between the input embeddings and the output embeddings. If the torchscript flag is set in the configuration, can’t handle parameter sharing so we are cloning the weights instead.

AlbertForSequenceClassification¶

class transformers.AlbertForSequenceClassification(config)[source]¶

Albert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks.

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

forward(input_ids=None, attention_mask=None, token_type_ids=None, position_ids=None, head_mask=None, inputs_embeds=None, labels=None)[source]¶

The AlbertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional, defaults to None) – Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]. If config.num_labels == 1 a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If config.num_labels > 1 a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

Returns

loss: (optional, returned when labels is provided) torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,):

Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.

logits torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, config.num_labels)

Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Examples:

from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, AlbertForSequenceClassification
import torch

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = AlbertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute")).unsqueeze(0)  # Batch size 1
labels = torch.tensor([1]).unsqueeze(0)  # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
loss, logits = outputs[:2]

Return type

tuple(torch.FloatTensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

AlbertForQuestionAnswering¶

class transformers.AlbertForQuestionAnswering(config)[source]¶

Albert Model with a span classification head on top for extractive question-answering tasks like SQuAD (a linear layers on top of the hidden-states output to compute span start logits and span end logits).

This model is a PyTorch torch.nn.Module sub-class. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

forward(input_ids=None, attention_mask=None, token_type_ids=None, position_ids=None, head_mask=None, inputs_embeds=None, start_positions=None, end_positions=None)[source]¶

The AlbertForQuestionAnswering forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (torch.FloatTensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
start_positions (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional, defaults to None) – Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.
end_positions (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional, defaults to None) – Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss. Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (sequence_length). Position outside of the sequence are not taken into account for computing the loss.

Returns

loss: (optional, returned when labels is provided) torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,):

Total span extraction loss is the sum of a Cross-Entropy for the start and end positions.

start_scores torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length,)

Span-start scores (before SoftMax).

end_scores: torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length,)

Span-end scores (before SoftMax).

hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Return type

tuple(torch.FloatTensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

Examples:

# The checkpoint albert-base-v2 is not fine-tuned for question answering. Please see the
# examples/question-answering/run_squad.py example to see how to fine-tune a model to a question answering task.

from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, AlbertForQuestionAnswering
import torch

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = AlbertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
question, text = "Who was Jim Henson?", "Jim Henson was a nice puppet"
input_dict = tokenizer.encode_plus(question, text, return_tensors='pt')
start_scores, end_scores = model(**input_dict)

TFAlbertModel¶

class transformers.TFAlbertModel(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶

The bare Albert Model transformer outputing raw hidden-states without any specific head on top. This model is a tf.keras.Model sub-class. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Note

TF 2.0 models accepts two formats as inputs:

having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or

having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional arguments.

This second option is useful when using tf.keras.Model.fit() method which currently requires having all the tensors in the first argument of the model call function: model(inputs).

If you choose this second option, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument :

a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(inputs_ids)
a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({'input_ids': input_ids, 'token_type_ids': token_type_ids})

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

call(inputs, **kwargs)[source]¶

The TFAlbertModel forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to :obj:`None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
training (boolean, optional, defaults to False) – Whether to activate dropout modules (if set to True) during training or to de-activate them (if set to False) for evaluation.
Returns –
tuple(tf.Tensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs: last_hidden_state (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)):

Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.

pooler_output (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, hidden_size)):
Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token) further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification) objective during Albert pretraining. This output is usually not a good summary of the semantic content of the input, you’re often better with averaging or pooling the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.

hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):
tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):
tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length):

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.
Examples:: –
import tensorflow as tf from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, TFAlbertModel

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained(‘albert-base-v2’) model = TFAlbertModel.from_pretrained(‘albert-base-v2’) input_ids = tf.constant(tokenizer.encode(“Hello, my dog is cute”))[None, :] # Batch size 1 outputs = model(input_ids) last_hidden_states = outputs[0] # The last hidden-state is the first element of the output tuple

TFAlbertForMaskedLM¶

class transformers.TFAlbertForMaskedLM(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶

Albert Model with a language modeling head on top. This model is a tf.keras.Model sub-class. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Note

TF 2.0 models accepts two formats as inputs:

having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or

having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional arguments.

This second option is useful when using tf.keras.Model.fit() method which currently requires having all the tensors in the first argument of the model call function: model(inputs).

If you choose this second option, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument :

a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(inputs_ids)
a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({'input_ids': input_ids, 'token_type_ids': token_type_ids})

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

call(inputs, **kwargs)[source]¶

The TFAlbertForMaskedLM forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to :obj:`None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
training (boolean, optional, defaults to False) – Whether to activate dropout modules (if set to True) during training or to de-activate them (if set to False) for evaluation.

Returns

prediction_scores (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)

Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).

hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length):

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Return type

tuple(tf.Tensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

Examples:

import tensorflow as tf
from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, TFAlbertForMaskedLM

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = TFAlbertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = tf.constant(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute"))[None, :]  # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids)
prediction_scores = outputs[0]

get_output_embeddings()[source]¶

Returns the model’s output embeddings.

Returns: A torch module mapping hidden states to vocabulary.
Return type: tf.keras.layers.Layer

TFAlbertForSequenceClassification¶

class transformers.TFAlbertForSequenceClassification(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶

Albert Model transformer with a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks. This model is a tf.keras.Model sub-class. Use it as a regular TF 2.0 Keras Model and refer to the TF 2.0 documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Note

TF 2.0 models accepts two formats as inputs:

having all inputs as keyword arguments (like PyTorch models), or

having all inputs as a list, tuple or dict in the first positional arguments.

This second option is useful when using tf.keras.Model.fit() method which currently requires having all the tensors in the first argument of the model call function: model(inputs).

If you choose this second option, there are three possibilities you can use to gather all the input Tensors in the first positional argument :

a single Tensor with input_ids only and nothing else: model(inputs_ids)
a list of varying length with one or several input Tensors IN THE ORDER given in the docstring: model([input_ids, attention_mask]) or model([input_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids])
a dictionary with one or several input Tensors associated to the input names given in the docstring: model({'input_ids': input_ids, 'token_type_ids': token_type_ids})

Parameters: config (AlbertConfig) – Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

call(inputs, **kwargs)[source]¶

The TFAlbertForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the __call__() special method.

Note

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Parameters

input_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) –
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

Indices can be obtained using transformers.AlbertTokenizer. See transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to :obj:`None) –
Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 for tokens that are NOT MASKED, 0 for MASKED tokens.

What are attention masks?
token_type_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Segment token indices to indicate first and second portions of the inputs. Indices are selected in [0, 1]: 0 corresponds to a sentence A token, 1 corresponds to a sentence B token

What are token type IDs?
position_ids (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional, defaults to None) –
Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1].

What are position IDs?
head_mask (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (num_heads,) or (num_layers, num_heads), optional, defaults to None) – Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in [0, 1]: 1 indicates the head is not masked, 0 indicates the head is masked.
input_embeds (tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional, defaults to None) – Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
training (boolean, optional, defaults to False) – Whether to activate dropout modules (if set to True) during training or to de-activate them (if set to False) for evaluation.

Returns

logits (Numpy array or tf.Tensor of shape (batch_size, config.num_labels))

Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).

hidden_states (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_hidden_states=True):

tuple of tf.Tensor (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.

attentions (tuple(tf.Tensor), optional, returned when config.output_attentions=True):

tuple of tf.Tensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length):

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

Return type

tuple(tf.Tensor) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (AlbertConfig) and inputs

Examples:

import tensorflow as tf
from transformers import AlbertTokenizer, TFAlbertForSequenceClassification

tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = TFAlbertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = tf.constant(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute"))[None, :]  # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids)
logits = outputs[0]