# Guanaco Models Based on LLaMA

| [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) | [Code](https://github.com/artidoro/qlora) | [Demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/uwnlp/guanaco-playground-tgi) | 

**The Guanaco models are open-source finetuned chatbots obtained through 4-bit QLoRA tuning of LLaMA base models on the OASST1 dataset. They are available in 7B, 13B, 33B, and 65B parameter sizes.**

⚠️Guanaco is a model purely intended for research purposes and could produce problematic outputs.

## Why use Guanaco?
- **Competitive with commercial chatbot systems on the Vicuna and OpenAssistant benchmarks** (ChatGPT and BARD) according to human and GPT-4 raters. We note that the relative performance on tasks not covered in these benchmarks could be very different. In addition, commercial systems evolve over time (we used outputs from the March 2023 version of the models).
- **Available open-source for research purposes**. Guanaco models allow *cheap* and *local* experimentation with high-quality chatbot systems.
- **Replicable and efficient training procedure** that can be extended to new use cases. Guanaco training scripts are available in the [QLoRA repo](https://github.com/artidoro/qlora).
- **Rigorous comparison to 16-bit methods** (both 16-bit full-finetuning and LoRA) in [our paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14314) demonstrates the effectiveness of 4-bit QLoRA finetuning. 
- **Lightweight** checkpoints which only contain adapter weights.

## License and Intended Use
Guanaco adapter weights are available under Apache 2 license. Note the use of the Guanaco adapter weights, requires access to the LLaMA model weighs. 
Guanaco is based on LLaMA and therefore should be used according to the LLaMA license. 

## Usage
Here is an example of how you would load Guanaco 7B in 4-bits:
```python
import torch
from peft import PeftModel    
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig

model_name = "huggyllama/llama-7b"
adapters_name = 'timdettmers/guanaco-7b'

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    load_in_4bit=True,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto",
    max_memory= {i: '24000MB' for i in range(torch.cuda.device_count())},
    quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig(
        load_in_4bit=True,
        bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
        bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
        bnb_4bit_quant_type='nf4'
    ),
)
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, adapters_name)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)

```
Inference can then be performed as usual with HF models as follows:
```python
prompt = "Introduce yourself"
formatted_prompt = (
    f"A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant."
    f"The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.\n"
    f"### Human: {prompt} ### Assistant:"
)
inputs = tokenizer(formatted_prompt, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0")
outputs = model.generate(inputs=inputs.input_ids, max_new_tokens=20)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
Expected output similar to the following:
```
A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.
### Human: Introduce yourself ### Assistant: I am an artificial intelligence assistant. I am here to help you with any questions you may have.
```


## Current Inference Limitations 
Currently, 4-bit inference is slow. We recommend loading in 16 bits if inference speed is a concern. We are actively working on releasing efficient 4-bit inference kernels.

Below is how you would load the model in 16 bits:
```python
model_name = "huggyllama/llama-7b"
adapters_name = 'timdettmers/guanaco-7b'
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto",
    max_memory= {i: '24000MB' for i in range(torch.cuda.device_count())},
)
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, adapters_name)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)

```


## Model Card
**Architecture**: The Guanaco models are LoRA adapters to be used on top of LLaMA models. They are added to all layers. For all model sizes, we use $r=64$.

**Base Model**: Guanaco uses LLaMA as base model with sizes 7B, 13B, 33B, 65B. LLaMA is a causal language model pretrained on a large corpus of text. See [LLaMA paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) for more details. Note that Guanaco can inherit biases and limitations of the base model.

**Finetuning Data**: Guanaco is finetuned on OASST1. The exact dataset is available at [timdettmers/openassistant-guanaco](https://huggingface.co/datasets/timdettmers/openassistant-guanaco).

**Languages**: The OASST1 dataset is multilingual (see [the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07327) for details) and as such Guanaco responds to user queries in different languages. We note, however, that OASST1 is heavy in high-resource languages. In addition, human evaluation of Guanaco was only performed in English and based on qualitative analysis we observed degradation in performance in other languages. 

Next, we describe Training and Evaluation details.

### Training
Guanaco models are the result of 4-bit QLoRA supervised finetuning on the OASST1 dataset. 

All models use NormalFloat4 datatype for the base model and LoRA adapters on all linear layers with BFloat16 as computation datatype. We set LoRA $r=64$, $\alpha=16$. We also use Adam beta2 of 0.999, max grad norm of 0.3 and LoRA dropout of 0.1 for models up to 13B and 0.05 for 33B and 65B models.
For the finetuning process, we use constant learning rate schedule and paged AdamW optimizer. 

### Training hyperparameters
Size| Dataset | Batch Size | Learning Rate | Max Steps | Sequence length 
---|---|---|---|---|---
7B | OASST1      | 16 | 2e-4 | 1875 | 512
13B | OASST1     | 16 | 2e-4 | 1875 | 512
33B | OASST1     | 16 | 1e-4 | 1875 | 512
65B | OASST1     | 16 | 1e-4 | 1875 | 512

### Evaluation
We test generative language capabilities through both automated and human evaluations. This second set of evaluations relies on queries curated by humans and aims at measuring the quality of model responses. We use the Vicuna and OpenAssistant datasets with 80 and 953 prompts respectively. 

In both human and automated evaluations, for each prompt, raters compare all pairs of responses across the models considered. For human raters we randomize the order of the systems, for GPT-4 we evaluate with both orders.

  
Benchmark | Vicuna |  | Vicuna |   | OpenAssistant |   | -
-----------|----|-----|--------|---|---------------|---|---
Prompts    | 80 |     | 80     |   | 953           |   |
Judge | Human | | GPT-4 | | GPT-4 | |  
Model | Elo | Rank | Elo | Rank | Elo | Rank | **Median Rank** 
GPT-4 | 1176 | 1 | 1348 | 1 | 1294 | 1 | 1 
Guanaco-65B | 1023 | 2 | 1022 | 2 | 1008 | 3 | 2 
Guanaco-33B | 1009 | 4 | 992 | 3 | 1002 | 4 | 4 
ChatGPT-3.5 Turbo | 916 | 7 | 966 | 5 | 1015 | 2 | 5 
Vicuna-13B | 984 | 5 | 974 | 4 | 936 | 5 | 5 
Guanaco-13B | 975 | 6 | 913 | 6 | 885 | 6 | 6 
Guanaco-7B | 1010 | 3 | 879 | 8 | 860 | 7 | 7 
Bard | 909 | 8 | 902 | 7 | - | - | 8 


We also use the MMLU benchmark to measure performance on a range of language understanding tasks. This is a multiple-choice benchmark covering 57 tasks including elementary mathematics, US history, computer science, law, and more. We report 5-shot test accuracy.

 Dataset | 7B | 13B | 33B | 65B 
---|---|---|---|---
 LLaMA no tuning | 35.1 | 46.9 | 57.8 | 63.4 
 Self-Instruct | 36.4 | 33.3 | 53.0 | 56.7 
 Longform | 32.1 | 43.2 | 56.6 | 59.7 
 Chip2 | 34.5 | 41.6 | 53.6 | 59.8 
 HH-RLHF | 34.9 | 44.6 | 55.8 | 60.1 
 Unnatural Instruct | 41.9 | 48.1 | 57.3 | 61.3 
 OASST1 (Guanaco) | 36.6 | 46.4 | 57.0 | 62.2 
 Alpaca | 38.8 | 47.8 | 57.3 | 62.5 
 FLAN v2 | 44.5 | 51.4 | 59.2 | 63.9 

## Risks and Biases
The model can produce factually incorrect output, and should not be relied on to produce factually accurate information. The model was trained on various public datasets; it is possible that this model could generate lewd, biased, or otherwise offensive outputs.

However, we note that finetuning on OASST1 seems to reduce biases as measured on the CrowS dataset. We report here the performance of Guanaco-65B compared to other baseline models on the CrowS dataset.

|                      | LLaMA-65B | GPT-3 | OPT-175B | Guanaco-65B   |
|----------------------|-----------|-------|----------|---------------|
| Gender               | 70.6      | 62.6  | 65.7     | **47.5** |
| Religion             | {79.0}    | 73.3  | 68.6     | **38.7** |
| Race/Color           | 57.0      | 64.7  | 68.6     | **45.3** |
| Sexual orientation   | {81.0}    | 76.2  | 78.6     | **59.1** |
| Age                  | 70.1      | 64.4  | 67.8     | **36.3** |
| Nationality          | 64.2      | 61.6  | 62.9     | **32.4** |
| Disability           | 66.7      | 76.7  | 76.7     | **33.9** |
| Physical appearance  | 77.8      | 74.6  | 76.2     | **43.1** |
| Socioeconomic status | 71.5      | 73.8  | 76.2     | **55.3** |
| Average              | 66.6      | 67.2  | 69.5     | **43.5** |

## Citation

```bibtex
@article{dettmers2023qlora,
  title={QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs},
  author={Dettmers, Tim and Pagnoni, Artidoro and Holtzman, Ari and Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14314},
  year={2023}
}
```