Qwen-7B 🤖 | 🤗 ｜ Qwen-7B-Chat 🤖 | 🤗 ｜ Demo ｜ Report | Discord
Additionally, according to the third-party evaluation of large language models, conducted by [OpenCompass](https://opencompass.org.cn/leaderboard-llm), Qwen-7B and Qwen-7B-Chat are the top 7B-parameter models. This evaluation consists of a large amount of public benchmarks for the evaluation of language understanding and generation, coding, mathematics, reasoning, etc.
For more experimental results (detailed model performance on more benchmark datasets) and details, please refer to our technical memo by clicking [here](tech_memo.md).
## Requirements
* python 3.8 and above
* pytorch 1.12 and above, 2.0 and above are recommended
* CUDA 11.4 and above are recommended (this is for GPU users, flash-attention users, etc.)
## Quickstart
Below, we provide simple examples to show how to use Qwen-7B with 🤖 ModelScope and 🤗 Transformers.
Before running the code, make sure you have setup the environment and installed the required packages. Make sure you meet the above requirements, and then install the dependent libraries.
```bash
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
If your device supports fp16 or bf16, we recommend installing [flash-attention](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention) for higher efficiency and lower memory usage. (**flash-attention is optional and the project can run normally without installing it**)
```bash
git clone -b v1.0.8 https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention
cd flash-attention && pip install .
# Below are optional. Installing them might be slow.
# pip install csrc/layer_norm
# pip install csrc/rotary
```
Now you can start with ModelScope or Transformers.
#### 🤗 Transformers
To use Qwen-7B-Chat for the inference, all you need to do is to input a few lines of codes as demonstrated below. However, **please make sure that you are using the latest code.**
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from transformers.generation import GenerationConfig
# Note: The default behavior now has injection attack prevention off.
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", trust_remote_code=True)
# use bf16
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True, bf16=True).eval()
# use fp16
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True, fp16=True).eval()
# use cpu only
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", device_map="cpu", trust_remote_code=True).eval()
# use auto mode, automatically select precision based on the device.
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True).eval()
# Specify hyperparameters for generation
model.generation_config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat", trust_remote_code=True)
# 第一轮对话 1st dialogue turn
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, "你好", history=None)
print(response)
# 你好！很高兴为你提供帮助。
# 第二轮对话 2nd dialogue turn
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, "给我讲一个年轻人奋斗创业最终取得成功的故事。", history=history)
print(response)
# 这是一个关于一个年轻人奋斗创业最终取得成功的故事。
# 故事的主人公叫李明，他来自一个普通的家庭，父母都是普通的工人。从小，李明就立下了一个目标：要成为一名成功的企业家。
# 为了实现这个目标，李明勤奋学习，考上了大学。在大学期间，他积极参加各种创业比赛，获得了不少奖项。他还利用课余时间去实习，积累了宝贵的经验。
# 毕业后，李明决定开始自己的创业之路。他开始寻找投资机会，但多次都被拒绝了。然而，他并没有放弃。他继续努力，不断改进自己的创业计划，并寻找新的投资机会。
# 最终，李明成功地获得了一笔投资，开始了自己的创业之路。他成立了一家科技公司，专注于开发新型软件。在他的领导下，公司迅速发展起来，成为了一家成功的科技企业。
# 李明的成功并不是偶然的。他勤奋、坚韧、勇于冒险，不断学习和改进自己。他的成功也证明了，只要努力奋斗，任何人都有可能取得成功。
# 第三轮对话 3rd dialogue turn
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, "给这个故事起一个标题", history=history)
print(response)
# 《奋斗创业：一个年轻人的成功之路》
```
Running Qwen-7B pretrained base model is also simple.
#### 🤖 ModelScope
ModelScope is an opensource platform for Model-as-a-Service (MaaS), which provides flexible and cost-effective model service to AI developers. Similarly, you can run the models with ModelScope as shown below:
```python
import os
from modelscope.pipelines import pipeline
from modelscope.utils.constant import Tasks
from modelscope import snapshot_download
model_id = 'QWen/qwen-7b-chat'
revision = 'v1.0.0'
model_dir = snapshot_download(model_id, revision)
pipe = pipeline(
task=Tasks.chat, model=model_dir, device_map='auto')
history = None
text = '浙江的省会在哪里？'
results = pipe(text, history=history)
response, history = results['response'], results['history']
print(f'Response: {response}')
text = '它有什么好玩的地方呢？'
results = pipe(text, history=history)
response, history = results['response'], results['history']
print(f'Response: {response}')
```
## Tokenizer
Our tokenizer based on tiktoken is different from other tokenizers, e.g., sentencepiece tokenizer. You need to pay attention to special tokens, especially in finetuning. For more detailed information on the tokenizer and related use in fine-tuning, please refer to the [documentation](tokenization_note.md).
## Quantization
We provide examples to show how to load models in `NF4` and `Int8`. For starters, make sure you have implemented `bitsandbytes`. Note that the requirements for `bitsandbytes` are:
```
**Requirements** Python >=3.8. Linux distribution (Ubuntu, MacOS, etc.) + CUDA > 10.0.
```
Then run the following command to install `bitsandbytes`:
```
pip install bitsandbytes
```
Windows users should find another option, which might be [bitsandbytes-windows-webui](https://github.com/jllllll/bitsandbytes-windows-webui/releases/tag/wheels).
Then you only need to add your quantization configuration to `AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained`. See the example below:
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, BitsAndBytesConfig
# quantization configuration for NF4 (4 bits)
quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=True,
bnb_4bit_quant_type='nf4',
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16
)
# quantization configuration for Int8 (8 bits)
quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
args.checkpoint_path,
device_map="cuda:0",
quantization_config=quantization_config,
max_memory=max_memory,
trust_remote_code=True,
).eval()
```
With this method, it is available to load Qwen-7B in `NF4` and `Int8`, which saves you memory usage. We provide related statistics of model performance below. We find that the quantization downgrades the effectiveness slightly but significantly reduces memory costs.
| Precision | MMLU | GPU Memory for Loading Model |
| ----------- | :------: | :---------------------------: |
| BF16 | 56.7 | 16.38G |
| Int8 | 52.8 | 10.44G |
| NF4 | 48.9 | 7.79G |
Note: The GPU memory usage profiling in the above table is performed on single A100-SXM4-80G GPU, PyTorch 2.0.1 and CUDA 11.8, with flash attention used.
## Inference Efficiency
### Inference Speed
We measured the average inference speed of generating 2K tokens under BF16 precision and Int8 or NF4 quantization levels, respectively.
| Quantization Level | Inference Speed with flash_attn (tokens/s) | Inference Speed w/o flash_attn (tokens/s) |
| ---------------------- | :----------------------------------------: | :---------------------------------------: |
| BF16 (no quantization) | 30.06 | 27.55 |
| Int8 (bnb) | 7.94 | 7.86 |
| NF4 (bnb) | 21.43 | 20.37 |
In detail, the setting of profiling is generating 2048 new tokens with 1 context token. The profiling runs on single A100-SXM4-80G GPU with PyTorch 2.0.1 and CUDA 11.8. The inference speed is averaged over the generated 2048 tokens.
### GPU Memory Usage
We also profile the peak GPU memory usage for encoding 2048 tokens as context (and generating single token) and generating 8192 tokens (with single token as context) under BF16 or Int8/NF4 quantization levels, respectively. The results are shown below.
When using flash attention, the memory usage is:
| Quantization Level | Peak Usage for Encoding 2048 Tokens | Peak Usage for Generating 8192 Tokens |
| ------------------ | :---------------------------------: | :-----------------------------------: |
| BF16 | 18.11GB | 23.52GB |
| Int8 | 12.17GB | 17.60GB |
| NF4 | 9.52GB | 14.93GB |
When not using flash attention, the memory usage is:
| Quantization Level | Peak Usage for Encoding 2048 Tokens | Peak Usage for Generating 8192 Tokens |
| ------------------ | :---------------------------------: | :-----------------------------------: |
| BF16 | 18.11GB | 24.40GB |
| Int8 | 12.18GB | 18.47GB |
| NF4 | 9.52GB | 15.81GB |
The above speed and memory profiling are conducted using [this script](https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/profile.py).
## Demo
### Web UI
We provide code for users to build a web UI demo (thanks to @wysaid). Before you start, make sure you install the following packages:
```
pip install -r requirements_web_demo.txt
```
Then run the command below and click on the generated link:
```
python web_demo.py
```
Running Qwen-7B
```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from transformers.generation import GenerationConfig
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", trust_remote_code=True)
# use bf16
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True, bf16=True).eval()
# use fp16
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True, fp16=True).eval()
# use cpu only
# model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", device_map="cpu", trust_remote_code=True).eval()
# use auto mode, automatically select precision based on the device.
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True).eval()
# Specify hyperparameters for generation
model.generation_config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen-7B", trust_remote_code=True)
inputs = tokenizer('蒙古国的首都是乌兰巴托（Ulaanbaatar）\n冰岛的首都是雷克雅未克（Reykjavik）\n埃塞俄比亚的首都是', return_tensors='pt')
inputs = inputs.to(model.device)
pred = model.generate(**inputs)
print(tokenizer.decode(pred.cpu()[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
# 蒙古国的首都是乌兰巴托（Ulaanbaatar）\n冰岛的首都是雷克雅未克（Reykjavik）\n埃塞俄比亚的首都是亚的斯亚贝巴（Addis Ababa）...
```
### CLI Demo We provide a CLI demo example in `cli_demo.py`, which supports streaming output for the generation. Users can interact with Qwen-7B-Chat by inputting prompts, and the model returns model outputs in the streaming mode. Run the command below: ``` python cli_demo.py ```
## API We provide methods to deploy local API based on OpenAI API (thanks to @hanpenggit). Before you start, install the required packages: ```bash pip install fastapi uvicorn openai pydantic sse_starlette ``` Then run the command to deploy your API: ```bash python openai_api.py ``` You can change your arguments, e.g., `-c` for checkpoint name or path, `--cpu-only` for CPU deployment, etc. If you meet problems launching your API deployment, updating the packages to the latest version can probably solve them. Using the API is also simple. See the example below: ```python import openai openai.api_base = "http://localhost:8000/v1" openai.api_key = "none" # create a request activating streaming response for chunk in openai.ChatCompletion.create( model="Qwen-7B", messages=[ {"role": "user", "content": "你好"} ], stream=True ): if hasattr(chunk.choices[0].delta, "content"): print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content, end="", flush=True) # create a request not activating streaming response response = openai.ChatCompletion.create( model="Qwen-7B", messages=[ {"role": "user", "content": "你好"} ], stream=False ) print(response.choices[0].message.content) ```
## Tool Usage Qwen-7B-Chat is specifically optimized for tool usage, including API, database, models, etc., so that users can build their own Qwen-7B-based LangChain, Agent, and Code Interpreter. In our evaluation [benchmark](eval/EVALUATION.md) for assessing tool usage capabilities, we find that Qwen-7B reaches stable performance. | Model | Tool Selection (Acc.↑) | Tool Input (Rouge-L↑) | False Positive Error↓ | |:------------|:----------------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------------:| | GPT-4 | 95% | **0.90** | 15% | | GPT-3.5 | 85% | 0.88 | 75% | | **Qwen-7B** | **99%** | 0.89 | **9.7%** | For how to write and use prompts for ReAct Prompting, please refer to [the ReAct examples](examples/react_prompt.md). The use of tools can enable the model to better perform tasks. Additionally, we provide experimental results to show its capabilities of playing as an agent. See [Hugging Face Agent](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/transformers_agents) for more information. Its performance on the run-mode benchmark provided by Hugging Face is as follows: | Model | Tool Selection↑ | Tool Used↑ | Code↑ | |:---------------|:---------------:|:-----------:|:---------:| |GPT-4 | **100** | **100** | **97.41** | |GPT-3.5 | 95.37 | 96.30 | 87.04 | |StarCoder-15.5B | 87.04 | 87.96 | 68.89 | | **Qwen-7B** | 90.74 | 92.59 | 74.07 | ## Long-Context Understanding To extend the context length and break the bottleneck of training sequence length, we introduce several techniques, including NTK-aware interpolation, window attention, and LogN attention scaling, to extend the context length to over 8K tokens. We conduct language modeling experiments on the arXiv dataset with the PPL evaluation and find that Qwen-7B can reach outstanding performance in the scenario of long context. Results are demonstrated below:
| Model | Sequence Length | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1024 | 2048 | 4096 | 8192 | 16384 | |
| Qwen-7B | 4.23 | 3.78 | 39.35 | 469.81 | 2645.09 |
| + dynamic_ntk | 4.23 | 3.78 | 3.59 | 3.66 | 5.71 |
| + dynamic_ntk + logn | 4.23 | 3.78 | 3.58 | 3.56 | 4.62 |
| + dynamic_ntk + logn + window_attn | 4.23 | 3.78 | 3.58 | 3.49 | 4.32 |