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M, or m, is the thirteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is em (pronounced ), plural ems."M" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "em," op. cit. ==History== Egyptian hieroglyph "n" Phoenician Mem Etruscan M Greek Mu Latin M n 25x25px x25px x35px Latin M The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem, via the Greek Mu (Μ, μ). Semitic Mem is most likely derived from a "Proto-Sinaitic" (Bronze Age) adoption of the "water" ideogram in Egyptian writing. The Egyptian sign had the acrophonic value , from the Egyptian word for "water", nt; the adoption as the Semitic letter for was presumably also on acrophonic grounds, from the Semitic word for "water", *mā(y)-.See F. Simons, "Proto-Sinaitic — Progenitor of the Alphabet" Rosetta 9 (2011): Figure Two: "Representative selection of proto-Sinaitic characters with comparison to Egyptian hieroglyphs", (p. 38) Figure Three: "Chart of all early proto- Canaanite letters with comparison to proto-Sinaitic signs" (p. 39), Figure Four: "Representative selection of later proto-Canaanite letters with comparison to early proto-Canaanite and proto-Sinaitic signs" (p. 40). See also: Goldwasser (2010), following Albright (1966), "Schematic Table of Proto- Sinaitic Characters" (fig. 1 ). ==Use in writing systems== The letter represents the bilabial nasal consonant sound in the orthography of Latin as well as in that of many modern languages, and also in the International Phonetic Alphabet. In English, the Oxford English Dictionary (first edition) says that is sometimes a vowel, in words like spasm and in the suffix -ism. In modern terminology, this is described as a syllabic consonant (IPA ). M is the fourteenth most frequently used letter in the English language. In Washo, lower-case represents a typical em sound, while upper-case represents a voiceless em sound. ==Other uses== * The Roman numeral M represents the number 1000, though it was not used in Roman times. There is, however, scant evidence that the letter was later introduced in the early centuries A.D. by the Romans. * Unit prefix M (mega), meaning one million times, and m (milli) meaning one-thousandth. * m is the standard abbreviation for metre (or meter) in the International System of Units (SI). However, m is also used as an abbreviation for mile. * M is used as the unit abbreviation for molarity. *ꟿ : Archaic M was used in ancient Roman texts to abbreviate the personal name 'Manius' (A regular capital M was used for the more common personal name 'Marcus') *ℳ : currency symbol for Mark ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== *𐤌 : Semitic letter Mem, from which the following symbols originally derive **Μ μ : Greek letter Mu, from which M derives *** : Coptic letter Me, which derives from Greek Mu ***М м : Cyrillic letter Em, also derived from Mu ***𐌌 : Old Italic M, which derives from Greek Mu, and is the ancestor of modern Latin M **** : Runic letter Mannaz, which derives from old Italic M *** : Gothic letter manna, which derives from Greek Mu ===Ligatures and abbreviations=== *₥ : Mill (currency) *™ : Trademark symbol *℠ : Service mark symbol ==Computing codes== : 1 ==Other representations== ==References== ==External links== * * * Category:ISO basic Latin letters
M & Co. is a graphic and product design firm. It is located in New York, New York, United States. Their designs are described by the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum as being "imaginative and witty." ==History== Tibor Kalman founded M & Co. with founding partners Carol Bokuniewicz and Liz Trovato in 1979. Despite studying journalism, he channeled his interest in typography and design to start M & Co. The company employed the likes of Stephen Doyle, Emily Oberman, Alexander Isley, Bethany Johns, and Marlene McCarty. Kalman's wife, Maira, was heavily involved in the organization and was a collaborator for many projects. In 1998 Maira Kalman became the principal member of M&Co; which continues to produce design products today.http://appext20.dos.ny.gov/corp_public/CORPSEARCH.ENTITY_INFORMATION?p_nameid=2284125&p;_corpid=2234503&p;_entity_name=M%26Co&p;_name_type=A&p;_search_type=BEGINS&p;_srch_results_page=0 ==Projects== Major projects for M & Co. focused around stationery, ID systems, and media artwork, such as album covers. M & Co. also developed their own brand of watches and paperweights. They worked for clients such as: China Grill Management, Hannibal Records, Swatch, NYNEX, Benetton, and the Audubon Society. The company has also designed opening sequences for films such as The Silence of the Lambs, Something Wild, and True Stories. ==Legacy== Works created by M & Co. are held in the collection of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum and the Museum of Modern Art. ==References== Category:Design companies of the United States Category:Defunct companies based in New York City Category:American companies established in 1979
M & J Tracy Inc. was a shipping and tugboat towing company founded in New York City by the racy brothers in 1881, as M & J Tracy Transportation company. The brothers: John Tracy, Michael J. Tracy and Thomas Tracy founded the Tracy Towing Line in 1917. The brother's sisters: Catherine Tracy and Helen Tracy were on the company's board. M & J Tracy Inc. office was located at 1 Broadway in New York City and had a field office in Brooklyn. The Tracy companies owned both owned tugboats and barges. Early work was transporting coal to New York harbor port in barges. M & J Tracy Inc. supported the World War II effort by operating United States tugboats and ships. After the war, M & J Tracy Inc. purchased some surplus ships. M & J Tracy Inc. also operated the M & J Tracy New York Harbor Industrial site. The family lived in the Frank J. Helmle 1912 Tracy Mansion at 105 8th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, now a 7 unit Condo. John Tracy founded the Maritime Association of the Port of New York. John Tracy was born in 1855 and died on October 1, 1931. Michael J, Tracy died on November 7, 1927,buzzbuzzhome.com,Tracy Mansion thetracymansionnyc.com abouttraceyclann.com John Tracy ==World War II== M & J Tracy Inc. tugboats and ships were used to help the World War II effort. During World War II T. M & J Tracy Inc. operated Merchant navy ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II M & J Tracy Inc. was active with charter shipping with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. M & J Tracy Inc. operated vessels for the merchant navy. The ship was run by its M & J Tracy Inc. crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio.World War II U.S. Navy Armed Guard and World War II U.S. Merchant Marine, 2007–2014 Project Liberty Ship, Project Liberty Ship, P.O. Box 25846 Highlandtown Station, Baltimore, MD ==Vessels== **World War II operated ships: *M. & J. Tracy, Inc., built in 1917, by Great Lakes Engineering Works as SS Lakeland, 4,185 tons, operated from 1942 to 1947 for US during World War II. *Charles L. O'Connor, operated from 1942 to 1947. Built in 1918 by Great Lakes Engineering Works.vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov Charles L. O'Connordot.gov, Charles L. O'Connor *Maurice Tracy, built in 1916 by Great Lakes Engineering Works, sank June 17, 1944, after collision with SS Jesse Billingsley off Seaside Heights, New Jersey,dot.gov, Maurice Tracy **Vessels owned: *SS Craigsmere, built in 1919, purchased in 1927, scrapped in 1948greatlakesvesselhistory.com Craigsmere *SS Tracy Brothers, built by Merchant Shipbuilding, Chester, Pennsylvania in 1918, was SS Avondale and later SS Chas.Kurz, scrapped in 1948istoricalrfa.org, Tracy Brothers *SS Thomas Tracy (1), built in 1916 at Great Lakes Engine Works, as SS Clinchwood, purchased in 1925, was also SS Begna and SS Condor. SS Thomas Tracy ran agrounded and wrecked at Cape Henlopen on the September 14, 1944.wrecksite SS Thomas TracySS Clinchwooddot.gov SS Thomas Tracy *SS Michael Tracy, steamship, on February 5, 1927, had collision with the wooden steamship Cape Cod in Hell Gate, East River New York. The Cape Cod sank.https://cite.case.law/f2d/40/70/ *M & J Tracy, tugboat, built in 1919, by Johnson Iron Works of New Orleans, Louisiana as the Degrey. Operated during World War II. *William Tracy, tugboat 62 tons built in 1903 at Burlee Drydock Company in Port Richmond, Staten Island. *Alfred P Brown, tugboat *Walter Tracy, tugboat, 75 hp *Helen L. Tracy, tugboat, built in 1953, by the Levingston Shipbuilding Company of Orange, Texastugboat info, Helen L. Tracy *Kathleen C. Tracy, tugboat, built in 1956, by Levingston Shipbuilding (hull #556)tugboat info, Kathleen C. Tracy, *Thomas Tracy, tugboat, built in 1956, by Levingston Shipbuildingtugboat info, Thomas Tracy *William J. Tracy, tugboat, built in 1956, by Levingston Shipbuildingtugboat info, William J. Tracy *Mary T. Tracy, tugboat, built as Bison by Smith SB, in Sturgeon Bay WI[http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/1tugs.htm tug builders[ *SS Banner Seam, Liberty ships Collier, built in 1945, purchased in 1946, renamed Michael Tracy (2). In 1962 scrapped at Kearny, New Jersey.shipsnostalgia.com SS Banner Seam *SS Herrin Seam, Liberty ships, built in 1945, purchased in 1946, renamed Thomas Tracy. Sold in 1962. *Cape Lawrence, barge *Reno, barge * Herbert E. Smith, barge *Cape Erwin, barge *John Tracy, wooden Scow 230 tons built in 1895 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Richard Crocker, Barge built in 1899 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Jas. D. Perkins, Barge built in 1899 at Burlee Drydock Company. *William J. Fransioli, Barge built in 1899 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Reilly, Barge built in 1901 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Washington, Alabama, Maryland, Kentucky, Nebraska, Montana, Mississippi, Missouri, Manitoba, and Mexico, 324 tons barges built in 1903 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Portland, and Hartford, 243 tons barges built in 1903 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Alleghany, G.L. Douglass, Dakota, Michigan, Florida, Nevada, Delaware, Colorado, and California, 371 tons barges built in 1904 at Burlee Drydock Company. *White Marsh, a Derrick barge, 80 tons, built in 1906 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Cape May, Cape Ann, Cape Elizabeth, Cape Cod, and Cape Charles, 559 tons barges built in 1908 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Cape Henry, Cape Sable, Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, an Cape Clear, 495 tons barges built in 1909 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Cape Race, Cape York, Cape Farewell, Cape Romaine, and Cape Scott, 559 tons barges built in 1914 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Staten Island, Long Island, Liberty Island, Governors Island, Fire Island, Shelter Island, Block Island, Glen Island, Cape Breton, Cape Comfort, 451 tons barges built in 1915 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Cape Falcon, Cape Spencer and Oak Island, 457 tons barges built in 1916 at Burlee Drydock Company. *Cape Caley, Cape ONeill, Cape Holcombe, Cape Maust, Cape D. Mallory, Cape Essex, Cape Kelly, and Cape Dennis, 457 tons barges built in 1947 at Bethlehem Staten Island. *Cape Kearny, Cape Marion, Cape Astoria, Cape Sherman, Cape Sewaren, Cape Hanley, Cape Machold, Cape Moore, Cape Lenahan, Cape Donlin, Cape Fenelon, and Cape Doris, 885 tons barges built in 1948 at Bethlehem Staten Island. *Cape Race, Cape Borer, Cape Todd, Sandy McKee, Cape Griffin, Cape Harrison and Cape Sable, 885 tons barges built in 1951 at Bethlehem Staten Island. * M. & J. Tracy, Inc. built in 1926, sold in 1944, Official Number 225917. ==See also== *World War II United States Merchant Navy *Type V ship, tugboats ==References == Category:Defunct shipping companies of the United States Category:American companies established in 1881
M & O Chevrolet Company is a historic Chevrolet automobile showroom and service center located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect Frank Benton and built between 1934 and 1937. It is a one-story, Art Deco style building. It has an expansive barrel-vaulted service center and features a vertical central tower and stepped roofline. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. ==References== Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Category:Art Deco architecture in North Carolina Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1937 Category:Buildings and structures in Fayetteville, North Carolina Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, North Carolina
M is a 1931 German mystery suspense thriller film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Peter Lorre in his third screen role as Hans Beckert, a serial killer of children. An early example of a procedural drama, the film centers on the manhunt for Lorre's character, conducted by both the police and the criminal underworld.Monsters of Weimar pp. 296–98 The film's screenplay was written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou, and it was Lang's first sound film. It features many cinematic innovations, including the use of long, fluid tracking shots, and a musical leitmotif in the form of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" whistled by Lorre's character. Now considered a timeless classic, the film was deemed by Lang to be his magnum opus. It is widely considered one of the greatest films of all time, and an indispensable influence on modern crime and thriller fiction. == Plot == In Berlin,While the location is never mentioned in the film, the dialect used by the characters is characteristic of Berliners, and a police inspector's map labeled "Berlin" and a policeman's order to take suspects to the "Alex", Berlin's central police headquarters on the Alexanderplatz, make the venue clear. a group of children are playing an elimination game in the courtyard of an apartment building, using a chant about a murderer of children. A woman sets the table for lunch, waiting for her daughter to come home from school. A wanted poster warns of a serial killer preying on children, as anxious parents wait outside a school. Little Elsie Beckmann leaves school, bouncing a ball on her way home. She is approached by Hans Beckert, who is whistling "In the Hall of the Mountain King" by Edvard Grieg. He offers to buy her a balloon from a blind street- vendor and walks and talks with her. Elsie's place at the dinner table remains empty, her ball rolls away across a patch of grass, and her balloon is lost in the telephone lines overhead. In the wake of Elsie's disappearance, anxiety runs high among the public. Beckert sends an anonymous letter to the newspapers, taking credit for the child murders and promising that he will commit others; the police extract clues from the letter, using the new techniques of fingerprinting and handwriting analysis. Under mounting pressure from the Prussian government, the police work around the clock. Inspector Karl Lohmann, head of the homicide squad, instructs his men to intensify their search and to check the records of recently released psychiatric patients, focusing on any with a history of violence against children. They stage frequent raids to question known criminals, disrupting organized crime so badly that (The Safecracker) summons the crime bosses of Berlin's Ringvereine to a conference. They decide to organize their own manhunt, using beggars to watch the children. Meanwhile, the police search Beckert's rented rooms, find evidence that he wrote the letter there, and lie in wait to arrest him.Monsters of Weimar p. 297 Beckert sees a young girl in the reflection of a shop window and begins to follow her, but stops when the girl meets her mother. He encounters another girl and befriends her, but the blind vendor recognizes his whistling. The vendor tells one of his friends, who follows Beckert and sees him inside a shop with the girl. As the two exit onto the street, the man chalks a large "M" (for , "murderer" in German) on his palm, pretends to trip, and bumps into Beckert, marking the back of his overcoat so that other beggars can easily track him. The girl notices the chalk and offers to clean it for him, but before she finishes, Beckert realizes he is being watched and flees the scene, abandoning the girl. Attempting to evade the beggars' surveillance, Beckert hides inside a large office building just before the workers leave for the evening. The beggars call , who arrives at the building with a team of other criminals. They capture and torture one of the watchmen for information and, after capturing the other two, search the building and catch Beckert in the attic. When one of the watchmen trips the silent alarm, the criminals narrowly escape with their prisoner before the police arrive. Franz, one of the criminals, is left behind in the confusion and captured by the police. By falsely claiming that one of the watchmen was killed during the break-in, Lohmann tricks Franz into admitting that the gang's only motive was to find Beckert and revealing where he will be taken. The criminals drag Beckert to an abandoned distillery to face a kangaroo court. He finds a large, silent crowd awaiting him. Beckert is given a "lawyer", who gamely argues in his defense but fails to win any sympathy from the improvised "jury". Beckert delivers an impassioned monologue, saying that he cannot control his homicidal urges, while the other criminals present break the law by choice, and further questioning why they as criminals believe they have any right to judge him: > What right have you to speak? Criminals! Perhaps you are even proud of > yourselves! Proud of being able to crack into safes, or climb into buildings > or cheat at cards. All of which, it seems to me, you could just as easily > give up, if you had learned something useful, or if you had jobs, or if you > were not such lazy pigs. I can not help myself! I have no control over this > evil thing that is inside me—the fire, the voices, the torment!Monsters of > Weimar p. 298 Beckert pleads to be handed over to the police, asking: "Who knows what it is like to be me?" His "lawyer" points out that , presiding over the proceedings, is wanted on three counts of manslaughter, and that it is unjust to execute an insane man. Just as the enraged mob is about to kill Beckert, the police arrive to arrest both him and the criminals. As a panel of judges prepares to deliver a verdict at Beckert's real trial, the mothers of three of his victims weep in the gallery. Elsie's mother says that "No sentence will bring the dead children back" and that "One has to keep closer watch over the children". The screen fades to black as she adds, "All of you". == Cast == * Peter Lorre as Hans Beckert. M was Lorre's first major starring role, and it boosted his career, even though he was typecast as a villain for years afterward in films such as Mad Love and Crime and Punishment. Before M, Lorre had been mostly a comedic actor. After fleeing from the Nazis, he landed a major role in Alfred Hitchcock's first version of The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), picking up English along the way. * Otto Wernicke as Inspector Karl Lohmann. Wernicke made his breakthrough with M after playing many small roles in silent films for over a decade. After his part in M he was in great demand due to the success of the film, including returning to the role of Karl Lohmann in The Testament of Doctor Mabuse, and he played supporting roles for the rest of his career. * Gustaf Gründgens as (The Safecracker). Gründgens received acclaim for his role in the film and established a successful career for himself under Nazi rule, ultimately becoming director of the (National Dramatic Theatre). * Ellen Widmann as Mother Beckmann * Inge Landgut as Elsie Beckmann * Theodor Loos as Inspector Groeber * Friedrich Gnaß as Franz, the burglar * Fritz Odemar as Falschspieler (Cheater) * Paul Kemp as Taschendieb (pickpocket with seven watches) * Theo Lingen as Bauernfänger (con man) * Rudolf Blümner as Beckert's defender * Georg John as blind balloon-seller * Franz Stein as minister * Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur as police chief * Gerhard Bienert as criminal secretary * Karl Platen as Damowitz, a night-watchman * Rosa Valetti as innkeeper * Hertha von Walther as prostitute * Hanna Maron (uncredited) as girl in circle at the beginning * Heinrich Gotho as passer-by who tells a kid the time * Klaus Pohl as witness / one-eyed man (uncredited)Garnham. p. 13. == Production == Lang placed an advert in a newspaper in 1930 stating that his next film would be (Murderer Among Us) and that it was about a child murderer. He immediately began receiving threatening letters in the mail and was also denied a studio space to shoot the film at the Staaken Studios. When Lang confronted the head of Staaken Studio to find out why he was being denied access, the studio head informed Lang that he was a member of the Nazi party and that the party suspected that the film was meant to depict the Nazis.Jensen, Paul M. The Cinema of Fritz Lang. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co. 1969. . p. 93 This assumption was based entirely on the film's original title and the Nazi party relented when told the plot.Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 1. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. 1987. . p. 614. M was eventually shot in six weeks at a Staaken Zeppelinhalle studio, just outside Berlin. Lang made the film for Nero-Film, rather than with UFA or his own production company. It was produced by Nero studio head Seymour Nebenzal who later produced Lang's The Testament of Dr. Mabuse. Other titles were given to the film before "M" was chosen; (A City Searches for a Murderer) and (Your Murderer Looks at You).Jensen. p. 93 While researching for the film, Lang spent eight days inside a mental institution in Germany and met several child murderers, including Peter Kürten. He used several real criminals as extras in the film and eventually 25 cast members were arrested during the film's shooting.Jensen. p. 94. Peter Lorre was cast in the lead role of Hans Beckert, acting for the film during the day and appearing on stage in Valentine Katayev's Squaring the Circle at night.Jensen. p. 93. Lang did not show any acts of violence or deaths of children on screen and later said that by only suggesting violence, he forced "each individual member of the audience to create the gruesome details of the murder according to their personal imagination".Wakeman. p. 615. thumb|Peter Lorre as Hans Beckert, gazing into a shop window. Fritz Lang uses glass and reflections throughout the film for expressive purposes. M has been said, by various critics and reviewers, to be based on serial killer Peter Kürten—the "Vampire of Düsseldorf"—whose crimes took place in the 1920s. Lang denied that he drew from this case, in an interview in 1963 with film historian Gero Gandert; "At the time I decided to use the subject matter of M, there were many serial killers terrorizing Germany—Haarmann, Grossmann, Kürten, Denke, [...]"."Fritz Lang on M: An Interview", in Fritz Lang: M – Protokoll, Marion von Schröder Verlag, Hamburg 1963, reprinted in the Criterion Collection booklet.Monsters of Weimar p. 293 Inspector Karl Lohmann is based on then famous Ernst Gennat, director of the Berlin criminal police.Kempe, Frank: “Buddha vom Alexanderplatz“, Deutschlandfunk Kultur, 21 August 2014 (in German). Lang's picture of the Berlin underworld in the film was inspired by the real Ringvereine, which played a role in the German underworld analogous to the Mafia in the Italian underworld.Lee p.18 The film's portrayal of the Ringvereine as organized like companies with a board of directors that were dominated by a charismatic master criminal was based on reality. Likewise, the practice of the Ringvereine shown in the film of providing financial support for the families of imprisoned members was also based on reality. The break-in of an office building depicted in the film was inspired by the real life 1929 break-in of the Disconto Bank in Berlin by the Saas brothers gang, though unlike in the film the objective was larceny, not to capture a serial killer. The Ringvereine, which were officially wrestling associations that existed for the physical betterment of German men, always sought to promote a very 'respectable', almost middle-class image of themselves.Schulte-Bockholt p.23 Like the Mafia, the Ringvereine paradoxically portrayed themselves as the guardians of society's values, who upheld a certain social order. The image the Ringvereine sought to project was as "professionals" whose crimes did not harm ordinary people.Kaes, Dimendberg, Jay p.719 Though the Ringvereine were known to be gangsters, their hierarchal structure and strict discipline led to a certain popular admiration for them as a force for social order unlike the psychopathic serial killers who murdered random strangers for reasons that often seemed unfathomable, sparking widespread fear and dread. In an article originally published in Die Filmwoche, Lang wrote that the crime scene in Germany was "such compelling cinematic material that I lived in constant fear that someone else would exploit this idea before me". The Weimar era was marked by intense debates about the morality and efficiency of capital punishment with the left arguing that the death penalty was barbaric while the right argued that the death penalty was needed to maintain law and order. Adding to the debate was the popular interest in the new science of psychiatry with many psychiatrists arguing that crime was caused by damaged minds and emotions, which could be cured. In the background was a popular obsessive fear of crime and social breakdown, which was fed by sensationalist newspaper coverage of crime, which certainly gave the impression that crime was out of control in Weimar Germany. In addition, for many conservative Germans, the Weimar republic was itself born of crime, namely the November Revolution of 1918 which began with the High Seas Fleet mutiny of October 1918. According to this viewpoint its origins in mutiny and revolution made the Weimar Republic into an illegitimate state that could not maintain social order because the Republic itself was born of disorder. Lang followed these debates closely and incorporated them into several of his Weimar films such as M. The debate at Beckert's "trial" about whether he deserved to be killed or not paralleled the contemporary debates about capital punishment in Germany. The fact that Der Schränker, a career criminal, serves as both the prosecutor and judge at the kangaroo court, egging on the mob of criminals to kill Beckert, seems to suggest that Lang's sympathy was with the abolitionists. The arguments that Der Schränker makes at the kangaroo court, namely that certain people are so evil that they deserved to be killed for the good of society was precisely the same argument made by supporters of the death penalty. === Leitmotif === M was Lang's first sound film and he experimented with the new technology.Jensen. p. 95. It has a dense and complex soundtrack, as opposed to the more theatrical "talkies" being released at the time. The soundtrack includes a narrator, sounds occurring off-camera, sounds motivating action and suspenseful moments of silence before sudden noise. Lang was also able to make fewer cuts in the film's editing, since sound effects could now be used to inform the narrative.Jensen. p. 103. The film was one of the first to use a leitmotif, a technique borrowed from opera, associating a tune with Lorre's character, who whistles the tune "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite No. 1. Later in the film, the mere sound of the song lets the audience know that he is nearby, off-screen. This association of a musical theme with a particular character or situation is now a film staple. Peter Lorre could not whistle and Lang himself is heard in the film. ==Release== M premiered in Berlin on 11 May 1931 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo in a version lasting 117 minutes. The original negative is preserved at the Federal Film Archive in a 96-minute version. In 1960, an edited 98-minute version was released. The film was restored in 2000 by the Netherlands Film Museum in collaboration with the Federal Film Archive, the Cinemateque Suisse, Kirsch Media and ZDF/ARTE., with Janus Films releasing the 109-minute version as part of its Criterion Collection using prints from the same period from the Cinemateque Suisse and the Netherlands Film Museum.M, Janus Films, Criterion Collection, closing credits. A complete print of the English version and selected scenes from the French version were included in the 2010 Criterion Collection releases of the film.Review of 2010 M Blu-ray/DVD release (region 2) , DVD Outsider.co.uk. Retrieved 24 April 2010. The film was later released in the U.S. in April 1933 by Foremco Pictures. After playing in German with English subtitles for two weeks, it was pulled from theaters and replaced by an English-language version. The re-dubbing was directed by Eric Hakim, and Lorre was one of the few cast members to reprise his role in the film. As with many other early talkies from the years 1930–1931, M was partially reshot with actors (including Lorre) performing dialogue in other languages for foreign markets after the German original was completed, apparently without Lang's involvement. An English-language version was filmed and released in 1932 from an edited script with Lorre speaking his own words, his first English part. An edited French version was also released but despite the fact that Lorre spoke French his speaking parts were dubbed. In 2013, a DCP version was released by Kino Lorber and played theatrically in North America in the original aspect ratio of 1.19:1. Critic Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times called this the "most-complete-ever version" at 111 minutes. The film was restored by TLEFilms Film Restoration & Preservation Services (Berlin) in association with Archives françaises du film – CNC (Paris) and PostFactory GmbH (Berlin). ==Critical reception== ===Initial response=== A Variety review said that the film was "a little too long. Without spoiling the effect—even bettering it—cutting could be done. There are a few repetitions and a few slow scenes." Graham Greene compared the film to "looking through the eye-piece of a microscope, through which the tangled mind is exposed, laid flat on the slide: love and lust; nobility and perversity, hatred of itself and despair jumping at you from the jelly". ===Reassessment=== In later years, the film received widespread critical praise and holds an approval rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, with an average rating of 9.20/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "A landmark psychological thriller with arresting images, deep thoughts on modern society, and Peter Lorre in his finest performance." Marc Savlov of Austin Chronicle awarded the film five out of five stars, calling it, "One of the greatest of all German Expressionistic films". Savlov praised the film's cinematography, use of sound, and Lorre's performance. In 1997, critic Roger Ebert added M to his "Great Movies" list. He proposed Lang's limited use of dialogue was a critical factor in the film's success, in contrast with many early sound films which "felt they had to talk all the time". Ebert also argued the film's characters, nearly all grotesques, embodied Lang's distaste for his adopted homeland: "What I sense is that Lang hated the people around him, hated Nazism, and hated Germany for permitting it." == Legacy == Lang considered M to be his favorite of his own films because of the social criticism in the film. In 1937, he told a reporter that he made the film "to warn mothers about neglecting children". The film has appeared on multiple lists as one of the greatest films ever made. It was voted the best German film of all time with 306 votes in a 1994 poll of 324 film journalists, film critics, filmmakers, and cineastes organized by the . It's included in Empire Magazine's 100 Best Films of World Cinema in 2010. It is listed in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die, which says, "Establishing conventions still being used by serial killer movies, Lang and scenarist Thea von Harbou intercut the pathetic life of the murderer with the frenzy of the police investigation into the outrageous crimes, and pay attention to issues of press coverage of the killings, vigilante action, and the political pressure that comes down from the politicians and hinders as much as encourages the police." In 2018, it was voted the thirteenth greatest foreign-language film of all time in BBC's poll of 209 critics in 43 countries. The film is also referenced in the song "In Germany Before the War" by American songwriter Randy Newman in his 1977 album Little Criminals. A scene from the movie was used in the 1940 Nazi propaganda movie The Eternal Jew. ===Remakes and adaptations=== A Hollywood remake of the same title was released in 1951, shifting the action from Berlin to Los Angeles. Nero Films head Seymour Nebenzal and his son Harold produced the film for Columbia Pictures. Lang had once told a reporter "People ask me why I do not remake M in English. I have no reason to do that. I said all I had to say about that subject in the picture. Now, I have other things to say." The remake was directed by Joseph Losey and starred David Wayne in Lorre's role. Losey stated that he had seen M in the early 1930s and watched it again shortly before shooting the remake, but that he "never referred to it. I only consciously repeated one shot. There may have been unconscious repetitions in terms of the atmosphere, of certain sequences." Lang later said that when the remake was released, he "had the best reviews of [his] life". In 2003, M was adapted for radio by Peter Straughan and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 2 February, later re- broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra on 8 October 2016. Directed by Toby Swift, this drama won the Prix Italia for Adapted Drama in 2004. Writer Jon J. Muth adapted the screenplay into a four-part comic book series in 1990, which was reissued as a graphic novel in 2008. In 2019, a six-episode Austrian-German TV-series was released titled "M — A City Hunts a Murderer". == See also == * Trial movies * List of films featuring surveillance * List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website * List of films considered the best == References == == Cited works and further reading == * * * * * == External links == * * * * The Restoration of M (2003) from TLEFilms.com * The Mark of M an essay by Stanley Kauffmann at the Criterion Collection * M Photographs and literature * M and the making of Peter Lorre Category:1930s German films Category:1930s German-language films Category:1930s psychological thriller films Category:1931 crime drama films Category:1931 films Category:Films about capital punishment Category:Films about organized crime in Germany Category:Films adapted into comics Category:Films adapted into radio programs Category:Films directed by Fritz Lang Category:Films of the Weimar Republic Category:Films produced by Seymour Nebenzal Category:Films set in Berlin Category:Films shot at Staaken Studios Category:Films shot in Berlin Category:Films shot in Germany Category:Films with screenplays by Fritz Lang Category:Films with screenplays by Thea von Harbou Category:German black-and-white films Category:German crime drama films Category:German Expressionist films Category:German psychological thriller films Category:German serial killer films Category:German vigilante films Category:Paramount Pictures films Category:Police detective films Category:Procedural films
M is a 1951 American film noir directed by Joseph Losey. It is a remake of Fritz Lang's 1931 German film of the same name about a child murderer. This version shifts the location of action from Berlin to Los Angeles and changes the killer's name from Hans Beckert to Martin W. Harrow. Both versions of M were produced by Seymour Nebenzal, whose son, Harold, was associate producer of the 1951 version.. The film was restored in 2015, with Harold Nebenzal as Executive Producer of the restoration. ==Plot== Martin W. Harrow (David Wayne) is a compulsive child-murderer, and the public demands of the mayor and police that he be caught. The police start a crackdown on criminal operations, dive bars and hangouts in the city, hoping that the murderer will turn up in one of the many raids. This pressure is preventing the city's crime syndicate from doing business, and its boss, Marshall (Martin Gabel), organizes his forces to find and stop the murderer so that the police will stop the crackdown and Marshall can go back to business as usual. Meanwhile, Police Inspector Carney (Howard Da Silva) has a psychiatrist examining patients who have been released from mental hospitals as possible suspects. At the same time that the police focus on Harrow, finding incriminating evidence—the shoes of the dead children—in his apartment, the criminals track him down with his intended next victim. They capture him, and place him on trial by his "peers" in the Los Angeles criminal underworld. Harrow makes an impassioned plea for his life, explaining that he is unable to stop himself from committing his unspeakable crimes. Just as he is about to be killed by the crowd, the police arrive to take him away, but not before Marshall has shot and killed his alcoholic lawyer, Dan Langley (Luther Adler). ==Cast== Cast notes: *M marked the screen debut of Martin Gabel, an original member of Orson Welles' Mercury Theatre troupe. ==Production== Producer Seymour Nebenzel's Nero Films produced the original 1931 version of M directed by Fritz Lang, and Nebenzal retained the rights when he fled Nazi Germany and began to make films in Hollywood, primarily "B" pictures for major studios and low-budget independents. Nebenzal decided in 1950 to remake M, reset to Los Angeles—perhaps inspired by the anti-Communist mass hysteria then predominant in the country—and approached Lang about directing it, but Lang was appalled and outraged by the idea of anyone remaking a film he considered to be his masterpiece. Nebenzal then approached another expatriate German film director, Douglas Sirk, who also turned him down. Joseph Losey, however, took on the job, despite his being under suspicion of being a Communist by the FBI and the House Un-American Activities Committee. Losey's casting included actors who were also under suspicion.Muller, Eddie (April 28, 2019) Intro to the Turner Classic Movies presentation of M Losey would later leave the U.S. and settle in the UK to make films there, notably his collaborations with writer Harold Pinter: The Servant (1963), Accident (1967) and The Go-Between (1971). Robert Aldrich was Losey's assistant director on M. ===Locations=== The film was shot on location in downtown Los Angeles, including the now demolished Victorian neighborhood of Bunker Hill. David Wayne's character lived at an eccentric Victorian mansion on Bunker Hill Avenue known as the Max Heindel house because Heindel, a famous astrologer in the early 20th century, had once lived there. Some scenes were shot on and around the funicular Angels Flight on Third Street. The most spectacular footage occurs in a lengthy sequence shot inside the Bradbury Building on the southeast corner of Broadway and Third, a block east of Angels Flight. Losey used the basement, the distinctive stairways and balconies, and the roof of the building. ==Reception== When the film was released, an anonymous reviewer at Variety wrote: "David Wayne, as the killer of small children, is effective and convincing. Luther Adler, as a drunken lawyer member of a gangster mob, turns in an outstanding performance, as do Martin Gabel, the gang-leader, and Howard da Silva and Steve Brodie as police officials ... Joseph Losey’s direction has captured the gruesome theme skilfully."Variety film review (1951); accessed July 17, 2013. Wayne in particular received good reviews. Fritz Lang remarked that the release of the 1951 film earned his 1931 original the best reviews of his career.Muller, Eddie (April 28, 2019) Outro to the Turner Classic Movies presentation of M ==Censorship== M was boycotted in some cities because of director Losey's political views. The film was classified by Ohio film censors as unacceptable for public screenings. At the end of 1953, the film's producers appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, and in 1954, M was approved for exhibition in Ohio without any cuts. ==See also== * List of American films of 1951 ==References== ==External links== * * * * Category:1951 films Category:1951 crime drama films Category:1950s psychological thriller films Category:1950s serial killer films Category:American black-and-white films Category:American crime drama films Category:American psychological thriller films Category:American remakes of German films Category:American serial killer films Category:American vigilante films Category:Columbia Pictures films Category:1950s English-language films Category:Film noir Category:Films based on works by Thea von Harbou Category:Films directed by Joseph Losey Category:Films produced by Seymour Nebenzal Category:Films scored by Michel Michelet Category:Films set in Los Angeles Category:Films shot in Los Angeles Category:American police detective films Category:Procedural films Category:1950s American films
M () is a 2007 South Korean psychological drama film starring Gang Dong-won. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival, and the final cut had its Korean premiere at the Pusan International Film Festival. Using visual effects, complex dream sequences, and gliding camerawork, director Lee Myung-se describes his film as "a dark labyrinth of dream and reality," and that instead of using computer graphics, he prefers to "capture the fantasy elements through lighting and emotions." == Plot == A prominent up-and-coming author Min-woo readies his new much anticipated follow-up novel while suffering from writer's block, as well as frequent nightmares and hallucinations. This unexplainable condition affects both his personal and professional life. Soon he can't differentiate reality from fantasy and continues to have feelings of being chased. His own paranoia leads him to a café in a dark, unassuming alley and encounters a charming young woman named Mimi. Min-woo starts to wonder how he and this girl in front of him are connected and traces long-forgotten memories of his first love. == Cast == * Gang Dong-won - Min-woo * Lee Yeon-hee - Mimi * Gong Hyo-jin - Eun-hye * Jeon Moo-song - bartender * Song Young-chang - Company president Jang * Im Won-hee - Sung-woo * Lim Ju-hwan - umbrella man * Seo Dong-soo - editor * Jung In-gi - doctor * Kim Dong-hwa * Yoon Ga-hyun - groom's sister * Jung Sun-hye * Choi Dae-sung - Min-woo's friend ==Awards and nominations== ;2007 Korean Film Awards"M - Awards". Cinemasie. Retrieved 2012-06-04. * Best Cinematography – Hong Kyung-pyo * Best Art Direction – Yoon Sang-yoon, Yoo Joo-ho * Nomination – Best Film * Nomination – Best Director – Lee Myung-se * Nomination – Best Editing – Ko Im-pyo * Nomination – Best Visual Effects – Jang Seong-ho * Nomination – Best New Actress – Lee Yeon-hee ;2008 Baeksang Arts Awards * Nomination – Best Director – Lee Myung-se * Nomination – Best New Actress – Lee Yeon-hee ;2008 Buil Film Awards * Best Art Direction – Yoon Sang-yoon, Yoo Joo-ho * Best Lighting – Choi Chul-soo * Nomination – Best Supporting Actress – Gong Hyo-jin * Nomination – Best Cinematography – Hong Kyung-pyo ;2008 Grand Bell Awards * Best Art Direction – Yoon Sang-yoon, Yoo Joo-ho * Nomination – Best Editing – Ko Im-pyo * Nomination – Best Visual Effects – Jeong Do-an, Yu Yeong-jae * Nomination – Best Sound – Park Jun-oh ;2008 Blue Dragon Film Awards * Nomination – Best Cinematography – Hong Kyung-pyo * Nomination – Best Art Direction – Yoon Sang-yoon, Yoo Joo-ho * Nomination – Best Lighting – Choi Chul-soo ==Adaptation== Mimi, a four-episode miniseries inspired by the film, aired on Mnet in 2014. == References == == External links == * * * * Category:2007 films Category:2000s psychological drama films Category:2000s mystery drama films Category:2000s mystery thriller films Category:2000s supernatural thriller films Category:South Korean mystery thriller films Category:South Korean mystery drama films Category:South Korean supernatural thriller films Category:Films directed by Lee Myung-se Category:2000s Korean- language films Category:2007 drama films Category:2000s South Korean films
M is a 2018 Finnish experimental film directed by Anna Eriksson. It was screened in the Venice International Film Critics' Week section at the Venice Film Festival. The film is loosely inspired by the last days of Marilyn Monroe. ==Cast== *Anna Eriksson (M) *Petri Salo (The psychiatrist) *Gail Ferguson (Georgia) *Axel Sutinen (Gardener) *Ari Vieno (The man in the car) *José Paiva Wolff (Ruby, The make up artist) *Quim-Ze Grilo (Anubis) *Gloria Bleezard-Levister (Melody Manners) *Alonso Levister (The TV-show host) *Susana Gonçalo (The girl in the veil) *Steve Remigio Delgado (Abraham) *Issey O’Brien (Psychiatrist daughter) *Veera Siivonen (The girl in the car) *Joni Segerros (The boy in the car) ==Awards== The film received the Grand Prix and Best Feature Film awards at the 2019 Prague Independent Film Festival. At the 2019 Vienna Independent Film Festival the film received Best Feature Film and Best Cinematography awards. Best director Tarkovsky Award 2019 The Blow-up Arthouse Film Festival, Chicago The Book on M https://parvs.fi/en/books/m/?lang_switched=1 Art Exhibition Anna Eriksson M The Rituals of a Lonely B...h 5.9.2020 Rauma Art Museum https://www.raumantaidemuseo.fi/en/exhibitions/upcoming-exhibitions/ ==References== ==External links== * Category:2018 films Category:2018 drama films Category:Finnish drama films Category:2010s Finnish-language films Category:Finnish avant-garde and experimental films Category:2010s avant-garde and experimental films Category:2010s English-language films Category:English- language Finnish films Category:Films about Marilyn Monroe
M is a 2018 French Israeli documentary film directed by Yolande Zauberman. It follows Menachem Lang as he returns to Bnei Brak to confront the men who abused him as a child, to discuss child abuse with other members of the ultra- Orthodox community and to attempt to reconcile with his parents. In 2020 it received the César Award for Best Documentary Film. ==References== ==External links== * Category:2018 films Category:2018 documentary films Category:Israeli documentary films Category:Yiddish-language films
M is a codename held by a number of fictional characters in Ian Fleming's James Bond book and film series; the characters are the current or past Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service, the agency known as MI6. Fleming based the character on a number of people he knew who commanded sections of British intelligence. M has appeared in the novels by Fleming and seven continuation authors, as well as appearing in twenty-four films. In the Eon Productions series of films, M has been portrayed by four actors: Bernard Lee, Robert Brown, Judi Dench and Ralph Fiennes, the incumbent; in the two independent productions, M was played by John Huston, David Niven and Edward Fox. ==Background== Fleming based much of M's character on Rear Admiral John Godfrey, who was Fleming's superior at the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War. After Fleming's death, Godfrey complained "He turned me into that unsavoury character, M." Other possible inspirations include Lieutenant Colonel Sir Claude Dansey, the deputy head of MI6 and head of the wartime Z network, who achieved different interpretations of his character from those who knew him: Malcolm Muggeridge thought him "the only professional in MI6", while Hugh Trevor-Roper considered Dansey to be "an utter shit, corrupt, incompetent, but with a certain low cunning". A further inspiration for M was Maxwell Knight, the head of MI5, who signed his memos as "M" and whom Fleming knew well. The tradition of the head of MI6 signing their name with a single letter came from Mansfield Smith-Cumming, who would sign his initial "C", with green ink. Another possibility for the model of M was William Melville, an Irishman who became the head of the Secret Service Bureau, the forerunner of both MI5 and MI6: Melville was referred to within government circles as M. Melville recruited Sidney Reilly into government service and foiled an assassination plot against Queen Victoria on her 1887 Golden Jubilee. Fleming's biographer John Pearson also hypothesised that Fleming's characterisation of M reflects memories of his mother: ==Novels== Fleming's third Bond novel, Moonraker, establishes M's initials as "M**** M*******" and his first name is subsequently revealed to be Miles. In the final novel of the series, The Man with the Golden Gun, M's full identity is revealed as Vice Admiral Sir Miles Messervy KCMG; Messervy had been appointed Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service after his predecessor had been assassinated at his desk. A naval theme runs throughout Fleming's description of M and his surroundings, and his character was described by journalist Ben Macintyre as "every inch the naval martinet". Macintyre wrote that in his study of Fleming's work, Kingsley Amis outlined the way Fleming had described M's voice, being: angry (three times); brutal, cold (seven times); curt, dry (five times); gruff (seven times); stern, testy (five times). Over the course of twelve novels and two collections of short stories, Fleming provided a number of details relating to M's background and character. In On Her Majesty's Secret Service it is revealed that M's pay as head of the Secret Service is £6,500 a year, (£ in pounds) £1,500 of which comes from retired naval pay. Although his pay is good for the 1950s and 1960s, it is never explained how M received or can afford his membership at Blades, an upscale private club for gentlemen he frequents in London to gamble and dine. Blades has a restricted membership of only 200 gentlemen and all must be able to show £100,000 (£ in pounds) in cash or gilt-edged securities. Kingsley Amis noted in his study, The James Bond Dossier, that on M's salary his membership of the club would have been puzzling. As a personal favour to M, the staff at Blades keeps a supply of cheap red wine from Algeria on hand but does not include it on the wine list. M refers to it as "Infuriator" and tends only to drink it in moderate quantities unless he is in a very bad mood. The academic Paul Stock argues that M's office is a metonym for England and a stable point from which Bond departs on a mission, whilst he sees M as being an iconic representative of England and Englishness. In the first post-Fleming book, Colonel Sun, M is kidnapped from Quarterdeck, his home, and Bond goes to great lengths to rescue him. The later continuation books, written by John Gardner, retain Sir Miles Messervy as M, who protects Bond from the new, less aggressive climate in the Secret Service, saying that at some point Britain will need "a blunt instrument". In Gardner's final novel, COLD, M is kidnapped and rescued by Bond and finishes the book by retiring from MI6. Continuation Bond author Raymond Benson's 1998 novel The Facts of Death continued Messervy's retirement, where he still resides in Quarterdeck. The book also introduces a new M, Barbara Mawdsley. ==Films== ===Eon Productions films=== ====Bernard Lee: 1962–1979==== thumb|upright|Bernard Lee, who played M from 1962 to 1979 M was played by Bernard Lee from the first Bond film, Dr. No (1962), until Moonraker (1979). In line with Fleming's character, he is given the name of Miles in The Spy Who Loved Me. In Dr. No, M refers to his record of reducing the number of operative casualties since taking the job, implying someone else held the job recently before him. The film also saw M refer to himself as head of MI7; Lee had originally said MI6, but was overdubbed with the name MI7 prior to the film's release. Earlier in the film, the department had been referred to as MI6 by a radio operator. A number of Bond scholars have noted that Lee's interpretation of the character was in line with the original literary representation; Cork and Stutz observed that Lee was "very close to Fleming's version of the character", while Rubin commented on the serious, efficient, no-nonsense authority figure. Smith and Lavington, meanwhile, remarked that Lee was "the very incarnation of Fleming's crusty admiral." Lee died of cancer in January 1981, four months into the filming of For Your Eyes Only and before any of his scenes could be filmed. Out of respect, no new actor was hired to assume the role and, instead, the script was re-written so that the character is said to be on leave, with his lines given to either his Chief of Staff Bill Tanner or the Minister of Defence, Sir Frederick Gray. Later films referred to Lee's tenure as head of the service, with a painting of him as M in MI6's Scottish headquarters during the 1999 installment The World Is Not Enough. Appearances in: * Dr. No (1962) * From Russia with Love (1963) * Goldfinger (1964) * Thunderball (1965) * You Only Live Twice (1967) * On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) * Diamonds Are Forever (1971) * Live and Let Die (1973) * The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) * The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) * Moonraker (1979) Lee's likeness was used in the 2005 video game James Bond 007: From Russia with Love. ====Robert Brown: 1983–1989==== thumb|upright|Robert Brown, who played M from 1983 to 1989 After Lee's death in 1981, the producers hired actor Robert Brown to play M in Octopussy. Brown had previously played Admiral Hargreaves, Flag Officer Submarines, in the 1977 film, The Spy Who Loved Me. Bond scholars Steven Jay Rubin, John Cork, and Collin Stutz all consider Admiral Hargreaves would have been appointed to the role of M, rather than Brown playing a different character as M. Pfeiffer and Worrall considered that whilst Brown looks perfect, the role had been softened from that of Lee; they also considered him "far too avuncular", although in Licence to Kill they remarked that he came across as being very effective as he removed Bond's double-0 licence. Continuation author Raymond Benson agrees, noting that the M role was "once again under written, and Brown is not allowed the opportunity to explore and reveal his character traits"; Benson also considered the character to be "too nice". In No Time to Die (2021), Brown's M is briefly seen in a portrait at M's office (Ralph Fiennes) opposite a portrait of Judi Dench's M. Appearances in: * Octopussy (1983) * A View to a Kill (1985) * The Living Daylights (1987) * Licence to Kill (1989) ====Judi Dench: 1995–2015==== thumb|upright|Judi Dench, who played M from 1995 to 2015 After the long period between Licence to Kill and GoldenEye, the producers brought in Dame Judi Dench to take over as the new M replacing Robert Brown. The character is based on Stella Rimington, the real-life head of MI5 between 1992 and 1996. For GoldenEye, Dench's M is cold, blunt and initially dislikes Bond, whom she calls a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur, a relic of the Cold War." Tanner, her Chief of Staff, refers to her during the film as "the Evil Queen of Numbers", given her reputation at that stage for relying on statistics and analysis rather than impulse and initiative. Following Pierce Brosnan's departure from the role as Bond, Dench continued playing M for the 2006 film Casino Royale, which rebooted the series with Daniel Craig playing Bond at the beginning of his career. In this new continuity, M has worked for MI6 for some time, at one point muttering, "Christ, I miss the Cold War". According to Skyfall, M was previously in charge of MI6's operations in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Her ability to run MI6 has been questioned more than once; in Casino Royale, she is the subject of a review when Bond is caught shooting an unarmed prisoner and blowing up a foreign embassy on camera; in Quantum of Solace, the Foreign Secretary orders her to personally withdraw Bond from the field in Bolivia and to stop any investigations into Dominic Greene's eco- terrorist organisation; and in Skyfall, she is the subject of a public inquiry when MI6 loses a computer hard drive containing the identities of undercover agents around the world. Skyfall marked Dench's seventh appearance as M, where she is targeted by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva, whom she turned over to the Chinese in order to save six other agents. She assists Bond with making booby traps in preparation of Silva's forces coming to attack at Bond's old family estate, Skyfall in Scotland. She is shot and wounded before dying from her wounds in the film, making her the only M to die in the Eon Bond films. Dench's M makes a final appearance in Spectre in a video will, giving Bond a final order to hunt down and terminate someone, which ultimately leads him to the film's titular criminal organisation. In No Time to Die (2021), Dench's M is briefly seen in a portrait at M's office (Ralph Fiennes) opposite a portrait of Robert Brown's M. There have also been brief references to M's family: in GoldenEye, she responds to Tanner calling her the "Evil Queen of Numbers" by telling him that when she wants to hear sarcasm she will listen to her children. Quantum of Solace director Marc Forster suggested that Dench's casting gave the character maternal overtones in her relationship with Bond, overtones made overt in Skyfall, in which Silva repeatedly refers to her as "Mother" and "Mommy" . In Skyfall she is revealed to be a widow. An inscribed box following her death in Skyfall reveals her name to be Olivia Mansfield, at least for the duration of the Craig era. Appearances in: * GoldenEye (1995) * Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) * The World Is Not Enough (1999) * Die Another Day (2002) * Casino Royale (2006) * Quantum of Solace (2008) * Skyfall (2012) * Spectre (2015, cameo) Dench also appeared in seven James Bond video games: * The World Is Not Enough (2000) – is a playable character * James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing (2004) * GoldenEye: Rogue Agent (2004) * 007: Quantum of Solace (2008) * GoldenEye 007 (2010) * James Bond 007: Blood Stone (2010) * 007 Legends (2012) ====Ralph Fiennes: 2012–present==== thumb|upright|Ralph Fiennes, the incumbent actor in the role After the death of Dame Judi Dench's M at the end of Skyfall, she is succeeded by Gareth Mallory, played by Ralph Fiennes. Mallory had been the Chairman of the Intelligence and Security Committee prior to heading MI6, and is a former in the British Army. He served in Northern Ireland (with the Special Air Service) during the Troubles, where he had been held hostage by the Irish Republican Army for three months. In Spectre, the 00 Section of MI6 is briefly dismantled in addition to Mallory being demoted. He assists Bond in the field when it is revealed that the Nine Eyes initiative is part of Spectre's plan for world domination. He eulogizes 007 at the end of No Time to Die. Mallory is the first M in the EON series whose real name is known from the start, and he continues to be referred to both as M and as Mallory throughout the films. Appearances in: * Skyfall (2012) * Spectre (2015) * No Time to Die (2021) ===Non-Eon films=== ====John Huston/David Niven: 1967==== The 1967 film Casino Royale had not one but two Ms. The first is played by John Huston, who also co-directed. In this film, M's real name is McTarry and he is accidentally killed when, in order to get Bond out of retirement, he orders the military to fire mortars at Bond's mansion when the retired spy refuses to return to duty. The first quarter of the film depicts Bond's subsequent visit to McTarry Castle in Scotland, on a quest to return the only piece of M's remains recovered after the attack—his bright red toupée. Subsequently, Bond—played by David Niven—becomes the new M and proceeds to order that all MI6 agents, male and female, be renamed "James Bond 007" in order to confuse the enemy. ====Edward Fox: 1983==== In 1983's Never Say Never Again, Edward Fox played M as a bureaucrat, contemptuous of Bond—far removed from the relationship shared between Bernard Lee's M and Sean Connery's Bond; the academic Jeremy Black notes that the contempt felt for the 00 section by Fox's M was reciprocated by Connery's Bond. Fox's M is very notably younger than all of the previous portrayals, and indeed his portrayal is the only instance ― to date ― of the actor playing M being younger than the actor playing Bond. The media historian James Chapman notes that whilst M considers Bond to be an out-dated relic, the Foreign Secretary orders the 00 section to be re-activated. ==Outside the James Bond series== Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen comic series establishes that the 1898-era League (led by Mina Harker) was directed by Campion Bond (James Bond's grandfather), who served under a master called M. This M was later revealed to be none other than James Moriarty in disguise, using the League to win a gang war against Fu Manchu. After the death of Moriarty, Sherlock Holmes's older brother Mycroft Holmes assumed the role of M. In the sequel volume The Black Dossier, set during a moribund and dystopian 1950s post-war Britain, the head of the British secret service, M, is Harry Lime, from Graham Greene's The Third Man. In the final volume of Century, spanning from 1910 to 2009, the M of 2009 is an elderly Emma Peel from The Avengers. In the 2003 film adaptation of the series, M is once again Moriarty, and played by Richard Roxburgh. In the fifth book of the Belinda Blinked series, the subject of the podcast My Dad Wrote a Porno, the Duchess is revealed to be M in the eighth chapter, titled 'M's the Word'. The Duchess, after explaining her position and informing Belinda that she has been observing her movements since their meeting in the first book of the Belinda Blinked series, grants Belinda top-level security clearance, along with MI6 agent James Spooner, and sends the two characters to Australia in an attempt to bring The Special One to justice after kidnapping Professor Slints. In the 2022 film Operation Mincemeat, Ian Fleming (Johnny Flynn) is portrayed in his role as a Naval Intelligence Officer during WW2, and refers to Commander Godfrey as M, because he called "[his] Mother M, the most terrifying, most impossible, most demanding creature [he] ever met." In the film, Godfrey is the authority for approving mission critical assets for Operation Trojan Horse, a plan to deceive the Nazis that England intended to invade Greece in July 1942, leveraging a ruse from the Trout Memo which includes the insertion of a corpse carrying false documents on the Spanish Coast. ==Notes== ==References== ==Bibliography== * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Category:America's Best Comics characters Category:Characters in British novels of the 20th century M Category:Fictional SIS agents Category:Fictional British admirals Category:Fictional spymasters Category:Literary characters introduced in 1953 Category:Fictional contract bridge players Category:Female characters in film Category:Fictional murdered people Category:Male characters in literature Category:Male characters in film
M is an album by guitarist John Abercrombie's Quartet recorded in 1980 and released by ECM in 1981.ECM discography accessed September 15, 2011 ==Reception== The Allmusic review by Jim Todd gave the album 2½ stars, stating, "If only all of this set were as brilliantly melodic and driving as its best three tracks."Todd, J. Allmusic Review accessed September 15, 2011 ==Track listing== ==Personnel== * John Abercrombie – electric guitar, acoustic guitar * Richie Beirach – piano * George Mraz – double bass * Peter Donald – drums ==References== Category:ECM Records albums Category:John Abercrombie (guitarist) albums Category:1981 albums Category:Albums produced by Manfred Eicher
M: Writings ’67–’72 is a book of essays by American avant-garde composer John Cage (1912–1992), first published in 1973 by Wesleyan University Press. M was Cage's third full-length book, after Silence: Lectures and Writings and A Year from Monday. All of the essays in it were written between 1967 and 1972. Charles Hamm, a biographer of Cage, has said "virtually his entire career as composer, poet and visual artist was counterpointed by his own words", including this volume in the middle of his most productive years. Henahan, writing for The New York Times Book Review, contrasted the "uncollectable and unpreservable, gaily but deliberately writ on water" form of his music with "slight chance of outliving him by much" to the solid permanence of his writing, including M. In 1981, Henahan predicted that only Cage's four books of essays, including M and that year's For The Birds, would be remembered in 2001. ==Thoreau's influence on Cage== M was Cage's first work after his exposure to Thoreau, considered possibly "a decisive moment in Cage's artistic life" by Thoreau scholar Jannika Bock. Bock also analyses the book's title to be not as Cage said, chosen randomly, but taken from the title of one of Cage's works in the collection, "Mureau", a portmanteau of "music" and "Thoreau". Cage wrote about the importance of the word Mureau in the book's foreword in which he said that it was both one of the more unconventional texts contained in it, and that vocalization of the word itself formed the basis of many of his then-recent musical performances. Bock further notes that seven out of eleven of the poetic works in M mention Thoreau by name, and she and another scholar counted between 27 and 30 direct or indirect references to Thoreau in the book. ==Contents== The book contains the following writings: * "Foreword" (1973) * "Diary: How to Improve the World (You Will Only Make Matters Worse)" (continued 1968; revised version) * "62 Mesostics re Merce Cunningham" (1973, originally a musical composition) * "36 Mesostics Re and Not Re Marcel Duchamp" (1970, also known as "36 Acrostics re and not re Marcel Duchamp") * "Mureau" (1971–72) * "Diary: How to Improve the World (You Will Only Make Matters Worse") (continued 1969) * "Song" (1973) * "Six Mesostics": ** "Present" (1970, also known as an untitled "Poem for Edwin Denby") ** "On the windshield of a new Fiat for James K. (who had not made up his mind where to go) and Carolyn Brown" (1973) ** "In Memoriam S.W." (1973) ** "July 13, 1972" (1972) ** "For A.C. on his 70th birthday" (1973) ** "Ten years before sixty-seven" (1967) * "Diary: How to Improve the World (You Will Only Make Matters Worse)" (continued 1970–71) * "Mushroom Book" (1972, collaboration with Lois A. Long and Alexander H. Smith) * "25 Mesostics Re and Not Re Mark Tobey" (1973) * "Diary: How to Improve the World (You Will Only Make Matters Worse)" (continued 1971–72) ==References== ===Sources=== * * * * Category:1973 books Category:Essay collections Category:Wesleyan University Press books
M refers to several streetcar routes in Los Angeles, California. The lines were operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1917 to 1941. ==History== The Homeward Avenue Line ran on Moneta Avenue and Athens Way. It began as a new routing of two former services in 1917. With the 1920 restructuring of routes, the line became a leg of the Grand & Moneta line. The new service ran from Crenshaw Avenue and West 54th Street via a circuitous route through Downtown Los Angeles to Moneta Avenue and West 54th Street where the lines split to two branches. One went west to 2nd Avenue, creating a loop route, and another continuing further south on Moneta via the Homewood Avenue branch's former terminal at Manchester. The line was given the letter designation M in 1921. M service absorbed the South Broadway Shuttle in 1924 and was extended south to Athens and 116th. Two new branches were similarly created from remnants of older routes a few months later: one in the west to Vernon and Arlington and an extension on Santa Barbara Avenue. In May 1931, tracks on 48th Street were extended to Crenshaw Avenue. The route was split into multiple segments the following year, with portions becoming new routings of the 7, 8, 9, and 10. ==Rolling Stock== Starting in November 1921, Type H cars served the line. Initially developed for the E Line, these were the first all-steel cars built for the company. == Mateo Street Shuttle == The 36 was a segment of the La Salle Street and Mateo Street Line until 1920 when major rerouting took place. Shuttle service operated on Mateo Avenue and Santa Fe Street between 1st and 7th, running past the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway station. The line was numbered 11 by 1932. The route number was changed to the letter M on May 19, 1939. Streetcar service ended on October 4, 1941. ==Sources== ==External links== * M Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society * Category:Los Angeles Railway routes Category:Railway services introduced in 1920 Category:1920 establishments in California Category:Railway services discontinued in 1932 Category:1932 disestablishments in California Category:Railway services discontinued in 1941 Category:1941 disestablishments in California
Penance (Monet Yvette Clarisse Maria Therese St. Croix) is a mutant superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, primarily in association with the X-Men. Created by writer Scott Lobdell and artist Chris Bachalo, she first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #316 (Sept. 1994). She was originally a member of the teenage mutant group Generation X (1994), and later X-Factor and X-Men. Monet is a Muslim superhero and has illustrated the struggle of accepting "different" people central to X-Men stories. ==Powers and abilities== Monet is superhuman in essentially all aspects, possessing superhuman strength, capable of lifting automobiles, boulders, and other massive objects. Monet also possesses superhuman physical attributes like invulnerability, agility, dexterity, speed, quick reflexes, and balance. X-Men Bishop noted that Monet possesses a "superior rating" in all human physical categories. She is virtually invulnerable, being able to withstand common firearms at long range and direct blows from Hulk. Similar to Hulk's healing powers, Monet can heal and recover from wounds faster and is more resistant to toxins, disease, and even aging. Among Monet's other abilities are telescopic vision, night vision, and acute hearing abilities. Monet has an eidetic memory and intuitive skills, proving this trait by rerouting one of Arcade's robots to track the signal back to the source without knowing the exact specifications of this robot. She is able to psionically levitate and move herself in the air by force of will, allowing her to fly at supersonic speeds approaching Mach 3. She has demonstrated minor telekinetic capabilities in the past, deflecting bullets X-Factor #218 or projecting thought waves as a concussive force.X-Men vol. 4 #7 Monet is a telepath with the ability to read minds, project her thoughts into the minds of others, and defensively mask her mind against telepathic intrusion. She has limited offensive capabilities, such as mind control and the ability to manipulate the memory of others. The range of her telepathy is limited to within a few feet of herself. Monet also has the ability to view mutant auras. Monet and her siblings are able to merge into different combinations with different powers, although merging seems easiest for the twins Nicole and Claudette. Monet is formidable in hand-to-hand combat and is of genius level intellect. == Citizenship == Monet holds citizenship in Algeria, Bosnia, and France. Monet's father is the Monégasque ambassador to France, making it very likely that Monet is a Monacan citizen. ==Penance== Hollow (formerly called Penance) is a character associated with the St. Croix family who first appeared in Generation X #1 (November, 1994), and was created by Scott Lobdell and Chris Bachalo. It is a mindless body in which three members of the St Croix family, all members of the superhero team Generation X, have been trapped in for some time. Hollow has red skin and rarely speaks. The powers of the different hosts/prisoners of the Penance form vary, but the hollow Penance form's powers are diamond-hard skin and extended sharp claws on their fingers, toes, and hair follicles. Due to the density of the skin, it is durable and resistant to psychic intrusion. Hollow also possesses animalistic agility, as she usually moves around by crouching and padding and leaping on all fours; she has been shown on occasion to use her feet to grab and grip objects and people. Hollow appeared as a supporting character in Avengers Academy, beginning with issue #21 (Jan 2012), making occasional appearances throughout the series. The original creative team behind Generation X, Scott Lobdell and Chris Bachalo, intended Penance to be a girl called Yvette from Yugoslavia.Generation X, Ashcan edition (1994) This was never directly revealed in the comic and links to Monet St. Croix were made by the subsequent creative team. ==Fictional character biography== ===Early life=== Monet St. Croix was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia during a family ski trip and is the second child of the rich and eccentric Afro-Monégasque Cartier St. Croix and his Algerian wife. Cartier was the son of the French aristocrat Louis St. Croix.X-Factor #200 She grew up pompous and spoiled as a result of being the favored child of her father with his prestigious position as the Monégasque Ambassador to France. She was also raised as a Muslim.X-Factor #217 Shortly after her mother's mysterious death, her brother Marius, the vampiric mutant known as Emplate, was banished from the St. Croix home. He eventually returned after learning the dark arts and requested that Monet join him in conquering another dimension. She rejected his offer, and after finally having enough of his sister's ridicule, Marius transformed her into a red-skinned, untouchable mute creature whom he nicknamed Penance. Monet's younger sisters, Nicole and Claudette, heard the commotion and investigated; when they could not find Monet, they assumed that Marius had killed her. The twins then banished him to another dimension while Monet followed, believing it was her only way to revert to normal.Generation X #40 Afraid their father would break down after the loss of his favorite child, the twin sisters decided to merge bodies and replicate Monet. This version of Monet would have been identical to the original if it were not for Claudette's autism which would sometimes take effect, leaving "Monet" in catatonic stupors. Subsequently, while the twins were impersonating their sister, they were among the new generation of mutants captured by the techno-organic alien race known as the Phalanx.The Uncanny X-Men #316 ===Generation X=== While impersonating Monet, the twins battled the Phalanx until she and the other teenage mutants were rescued by Banshee and Emma Frost.The Uncanny X-Men #317, X-Men #37 The group soon formed the Generation X team, with Sean and Emma acting as co-headmasters of the new school designed to train them in the use of their powers. Shortly after the school opens, Banshee, Synch, and Jubilee go to the airport to welcome new students Chamber. The twins remain at the school and are reunited with the Australian teleporter Gateway, who they are glad to see and address as "Mentor". However, Gateway's return serves to warn them of the return of their evil brother. The twins convince Gateway to teleport them, Husk, Skin, and Emma Frost to the airport, where Emplate has already managed to absorb the powers of Chamber and Banshee. Though the twins recognize Emplate and address him as such, he says he cannot determine their name (despite the aspect of his mutant power that grants him "knowledge at a glance" with mutants, including their name, and more or less allowing him to read their memories). In addition, Emplate knows for a fact they are not Monet, as the true Monet has been his prisoner and main source of sustenance for years. Rather than face the full might of Generation X, Emplate decides to retreat. The twins try to stop him from fleeing but are forced to stop telepathically by Emma, who saw Husk seriously wounded in the battle and desired to keep "Monet" from meeting a similar fate. The twins are furious at her interruption and warn her never to enter their minds again. Shortly after returning to the school, Gateway reappears on the front lawn, this time with the true Monet (having found her during the aforementioned battle, as Emplate returns to his hideout to find her gone), who is still trapped in the Penance body. Gateway utters a single word: "Penance", and this is assumed to be the unfortunate girl's name by the others.Generation X #1 The moment Penance wakes up, her overriding desire is to be free. She instinctively slashes through anything in her way with her razor-sharp claws to achieve this goal and escapes onto the school grounds. The twins immediately display both a detailed knowledge of Penance's plight (specifically her connection to her former captor, Emplate) far beyond even her teachers,Generation X #2 as well as a curious reluctance to physically engage the girl. While the rest of the team scrambles to try and capture Penance by force, Chamber merely lets her come to him, sensing that their mutant powers have made them both monsters and kindred spirits. Penance calms down in his presence, bringing the crisis to a peaceful end.Generation X #3 The team soon becomes aware of Monet's reoccurring, temporary trances, where she "spaces out" and is typically unresponsive for several minutes at the least (due to Claudette's autism). Monet later mentions (to the reader) that this most often happens during moments of intense focus.Generation X #13 Worse, as she is the only member of the team with actual super-strength, she proves completely unmovable until she emerges from the trances. An early occurrence of this trance state forces Synch, Skin, and Jubilee to abandon her during a trip to New York City, where they end up battling and defeating Hemingway of Gene Nation.Generation X #5 Monet eventually wakes up and reunites with the team, just in time to save Jubilee and Leech from being crushed by a falling slab of debris. Though Jubilee is grateful, she later points out that Monet would be a major liability if she ever spaced out in battle. Monet brushes aside her concern,Generation X #6 and continues to do so virtually any time her trances are mentioned in the near future.Generation X #12 During the Generation X Annual '95, the team is introduced to Cordelia Frost, Emma's younger and even less trustworthy sister, and her constant companion, the mutant Mondo, who is able to absorb both organic and inorganic matter, taking on its properties, as well as transport himself through these same materials. Mondo eventually joins the team, while Cordelia leaves. At the same time, Jubilee discovers and accidentally rips Monet's diary, which more closely resembles a children's coloring book. Penance later has something resembling a seizure while swimming with Jubilee, forcing Emma to give her psychic equivalent of a sedative. Penance remains unconscious in the medical wingGeneration X Annual '95 for the next two issues, with Jubilee as her most constant visitor. Almost immediately after Chamber saves the team from a near- fatal attack by Omega RedGeneration X #10-11 (Penance wakes up at some point between issues 11 and 12), they are again attacked by Emplate, who desires to have Penance returned to him. This time, Emplate has recruited a team of Hellions to do his dirty work—all of whom are under his thrall, including Gayle Edgerton, Chamber's former lover who was paralyzed when his powers first manifested. Gayle helps Emplate because she wants revenge on Chamber, but once Generation X is captured, he betrays her. Monet is the last to be captured, and Emplate reveals the first of several St. Croix family secrets to Generation X: that Monet is actually his younger sister.Generation X #12 However, he does not reveal to them that the twins have fused to become Monet, though it is clear from his choice of words that he is now aware of this as well. Monet manages to escape and contact the X-Men for help before the Hellions find her. The X-Man Bishop arrives to assist Monet.Generation X #13 He is disturbed upon learning of Monet's relation to Emplate and reveals that hordes of "Emplates" will be a source of great trouble in the future. Meanwhile, Jubilee manages to enrage Emplate into absorbing her genetic marrow, knowing that because she cannot control her powers when she is angry, neither can Emplate. The resulting explosion of pyrotechnics frees Generation X, and Emplate flees with Penance, though it is unclear if she was taken against her will. They re-emerge before Monet and Bishop, and Bishop immediately tries to kill Emplate to spare the future from his taint. Penance confronts Monet, torn between killing her and helping her. Monet does not resist, hoping her death will atone for their brother's sins. Upon hearing this, Penance attacks Emplate, which shocks him into retreat. However, he reveals that he has converted Synch into his minion, and transported him to his hometown of St. Louis to feed on his own family and friends.Generation X #14 The team manages to stop Synch, though it is Monet who ultimately defeats him by daring him to truly synch with her. Whatever Synch finds inside her horrifies him and shocks Emplate's influence out of him, leaving only more questions in the team's minds about what else Monet may be hiding.Generation X #15-16 While the rest of the Marvel Universe was occupied with Onslaught, Emma, sensing the disturbance, tried to protect Generation X by taking over their minds, gently but firmly forcing them to accompany her to her home. While this did indeed protect them from Onslaught, it also left them basically defenseless against Toad, who Emma had allowed to live in her home. To correct this oversight, Nicole projected herself into Emma's mind for the first time (Emma of course mistook her for a younger Monet), explaining the situation so that Emma would release the team and talk sense into Toad.Generation X #18-19 Following this adventure, Generation X comes to the attention of Bastion of Operation: Zero Tolerance. For the time being, Bastion takes special notice of Chamber, Banshee, and Emplate, and their disastrous first meeting at the airport.Generation X #20 Bastion eventually figures out Chamber's identity, and upon learning that Chamber's plane ticket was purchased by Frost Enterprises, gradually comes closer to exposing Generation X's (and more importantly, the X-Men's) secrets. Monet enters one of her trances during a xenobiology midterm given by visiting professor Beast. Penance ventures into the classroom via the window and attempts to sit for the test, and though she only manages to shred her test paper, Emma considers it a plus that she is at least trying to fit in. Beast is fascinated when Monet re-emerges from the trance, having built a detailed origami structure out of her test paper. Beast reveals to Sean and Emma that Monet's trances likely have nothing to do with her mutant power, as they first thought. Instead, he recognizes the signs and says Monet is autistic.Generation X #21 Though Sean and Emma discuss treatment options and try to talk Monet into seeing a doctor, she abruptly destroys the school's cars on the scheduled date and refuses to go. Sean chases her into the sky, where she tearfully describes having been poked and prodded by numerous doctors as a child and begs him not to make her go through that again. Sean agrees though Emma insists that Monet simply manipulated him to avoid the problem yet again.Generation X #23 Emplate appears while Monet, Husk, Jubilee, and Emma spend the Christmas holidays at the St. Croix home in Monaco. He only reveals himself to Monet, and his presence seems to trigger in her the ability to view mutagenic auras, just as he does. Emplate invites Monet to join him, and failing that, asks her to find someone to take his place in the dimension where he is constantly torn apart. Monet cannot imagine condemning anyone else to such a fate, and Emplate vanishes into a sea of white hands that tear at his flesh.Generation X #24 Generation X is then attacked by the team of Sean's cousin Black Tom Cassidy and Mondo, who undergoes a fearsome transformation in appearance and attitude, having been shown waiting for Tom's signal (over the course of several issues) to reveal his true nature. Black Tom's plant manipulation completely transforms the school grounds, and he forces Sean and Emma to fight each other to the death in front of the captured team while Mondo captures Jubilee, who managed to evade them. Bastion finds Jubilee first, and protects her by killing Mondo, but then takes Jubilee hostage and transports her to his desert base in New Mexico. Emma uses her powers to force Sean to unleash his sonic scream, supposedly killing her in the process. Sean is rescued by Penance, who slices Tom in half with a single blow. Having discovered that the captured team was actually merely empty husks, Sean sets out to find Generation X. Unknown to him, they have been transported to a tiny island in the ocean.Generation X #25 Monet and Chamber try to protect their teammates, but the sheer hopelessness of the situation causes Monet to panic, and she attempts to fly away and get help, but soon exhausts herself and falls into the ocean. Synch pulls her back onto the island, but Monet has lost all hope. Emma recoversGeneration X #26 and searches Sean's mind, helping him realize where the team is.Generation X #27 Oddly enough, the team suddenly finds itself on a rusty ship at sea where their dreams seem to have been realized: Chamber's body is restored and he is dating Husk, Synch and Jubilee are in love and run a camp for kids, and Emplate is restored to the kind brother that Monet once knew. Skin, however, is tied to a pole because he will not make a request of Glorian, the Dream Shaper who rescued the team. He eventually convinces Glorian to send the team home, though Glorian assumes this means Skin's home of Los Angeles and sends the team there. Sean realizes that Black Tom planned to send the team to the sentient island Krakoa.Generation X #28 ===M/Penance/M-Twins=== thumb|left|100 px|Monet St.Croix, Art by Joe Madureira Skin leads the team through East L.A. in search of his cousin Gil. Monet inexplicably becomes very childlike and playful while at Venice Beach, but only Angelo seems to find this odd. Skin's ex-girlfriend Tores, tipped off by Operation: Zero Tolerance that he had faked his death, furiously corners the team with her gang at Gil's house in hopes of killing Skin. Prime Sentinels soon destroy the house, with Generation X, Gil, and Tores barely escaping in time and fleeing into the sewers. Meanwhile, Sean, Emma, and Penance intercept a distress call from the X-Men, who have been shot down by Operation: Zero Tolerance, and head to Emma's home in Miami in disguise. They are met by Emplate's henchman D.O.A., who arranges a deal: Emplate will reveal Monet's location (and thus the team's location), but in exchange for Penance.Generation X #29 Sean flat out refuses, but Emma knocks him out with a psi-bolt and proceeds with the deal. In L.A., Monet notices Chamber being purposely distant to Husk (because he suspects Skin and Husk are growing closer) and advises him to correct his mistake, which Chamber does. Monet also notices Synch having regrets, as there are many things he may never do if they die in the coming battle. He asks for permission to kiss Monet, and she agrees on the condition that it "doesn't count if we don't die", and kisses him first, leaving him stunned.Generation X #30 Back in Miami, Sean wakes up in time to punch Emma and calls for Penance, who instantly frees herself from Emplate's grasp, giving Sean a clear shot with his sonic scream. Though Emma desperately claims she wouldn't have really gone through with the deal, Sean does not believe her, tells her to stay away from the kids and the school, and leaves with Penance. During the battle against the Prime Sentinels in L.A., Tores briefly displays the mutant ability to harness psychic energy and direct it as a weapon. Generation X launches an ambush, but is quickly overwhelmed. Synch and Monet are wounded, and she urges him to synch with her invulnerability so he can survive the next wave of attacks, which he has never done before. As he does so, Synch glimpses Monet's true nature, calling her "M&M;" just before the attack. As planned, Gil then sets off a huge explosion to destroy the hideout and the Sentinels. Synch emerges from the rubble first, using his aura to locate Monet. Instead, he finds Nicole and Claudette, each in a coma and separated for the first time since joining the team as Monet.Generation X #31 However, the secret of where the real Monet was would remain a mystery to the team. Soon after Emplate returned to terrorize the young mutants, the twins merged with Emplate, creating a new persona, called "M-Plate". When the three of them separated, the twins finally learned what their brother did to the real Monet St. Croix. Everett managed to convince Nicole to finally reveal the truth to the rest of the team. Immediately after Nicole's story, the twins formed back into "M" and then merged with Penance, freeing Monet in the process.Generation X #38-40 Returning to normal, the traumatized M became self-reliant and outwardly harsh and defensive to make up for her fear and insecurity, causing her to clash with many of her Generation X teammates. The only person she allowed to see her vulnerabilities was Everett Thomas, with whom she started a brief romantic relationship. A rivalry soon started with her teammate Jubilee, which only intensified after Monet and Everett became an item. When Emplate returned during the school dance, Jubilee caused an explosion, which, once again, separated the twins from each other, and left the Penance body to become its own being.Generation X #58 When the twins leave for their home, they take the now-empty Penance body with them, along with the young mutants Artie Maddicks and Leech. Upon hearing the return of the twins, Cartier St. Croix decided to visit his three daughters. Coming face to face with his severely injured son Marius, Cartier apologized to him. Marius then revealed that he was the one responsible for the death of his mother, further infuriating Monet. Monet was then transferred to an exclusive boarding school in the Swiss Alps. The school was burned down during a battle with its headmaster (a vampire) and M chose to return to the Massachusetts Academy. ===Final days of Generation X=== thumb|right|Synch dies in Monet's arms When Monet returned, she and Everett continued to grow close and began to intensify their relationship. However, Monet was the most devastated when Synch sacrificed his own life to stop an exploding bomb that had been placed in the academy by Emma Frost's sister, Adrienne. After the tragic incident, the team rapidly began to fall apart, even as Monet began to open up and act more vulnerable around her teammates. Monet also began to observe Emma acting strangely villainous. After they found out Emma had killed her sister in retribution for Everett's death, the entire team questioned Emma's leadership abilities, particularly when combined with Banshee's relapse into alcoholism following the death of his lover, Moira MacTaggert. The school was promptly closed when the students decided their instructors were no longer fit to teach them. ===X-Corps/X-Corporation=== After Generation X disbanded, M temporarily joined Banshee's militant X-Corps with Husk and Jubilee to keep an eye on the devastated Irish mutant. However, the X-Corps were soon destroyed by Mystique, leaving M to join the X-Corporation's European branch, located in Paris, where she assisted Cannonball, Multiple Man, and Siryn in defeating Weapon XII. Monet helped the X-Men battle Black Tom Cassidy and the Juggernaut before returning to her duties at X-Corporation Paris. ===X-Factor Investigations=== Following the events of House of M and the shutdown of X-Corporation, M, who also has appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair,X-Factor vol. 3 #9 (Sept. 2006) has opted to join X-Factor Investigations, a private detective agency run by Multiple Man. Monet completed her first mission on the team by telepathically tricking the famous actor Jack Vaughn to confess to the murder of Gloria Santiago's sister. Afterwards, Monet broke down crying in Jamie Madrox's arms, but quickly threatened to break him in half if he ever revealed her moment of "weakness". A comment made to Rictor seems to imply she no longer wishes to go by the name M. However, in a therapy session with Doc Samson, Monet stated that she hides behind the "M" persona so that others will not see how vulnerable she has become after the long time she was held captive by her brother.X-Factor vol. 3 #13 (Jan. 2007) thumb|right|M and Madrox Monet also had a brief romantic fling with Madrox.X-Factor vol. 3 #10 (Oct. 2006) The tryst did not end well because Madrox was unsure whether he or his duplicate had slept with Monet while he or his duplicate slept with Siryn at the same time. While the two women initially refused to speak to each other, they eventually took a shopping trip to patch things up after being threatened by Layla Miller.X-Factor vol. 3 #14 (Feb. 2007) During this Paris trip, the two encountered a small anti-mutant mob marching on Paris' own Mutant Town and were arrested by the Gendarmes for breaking the riot up. However, in a French prison, the mob leader bragged to Siryn and Monet that he and his mob had succeeded in burning down the building, which was why he had been arrested.X-Factor vol. 3 #15 (March 2007) In response, Monet crucified the mob leader before she and Siryn broke out of the prison to check on the ex- mutants. When the two arrived, they found an abandoned girl whom Monet decided to take back to the States.X-Factor vol. 3 #16 (April 2007) ===World War Hulk=== When the Hulk came to the X-Mansion to capture Xavier over his part in the Hulk's banishment from Earth, Monet and the rest of X-Factor came to help. During the fight, she said to the Hulk that she was virtually invulnerable, and he responded by kicking her to New Jersey. ===Messiah Complex=== M has a small role during Messiah Complex. She is seen along with the rest of the X-Teams and has a talk with Warpath about his feelings concerning his late friend Caliban and being a member of X-Force. Later, she aids Emma and the Stepford Cuckoos in locating the baby. She is present at the final battle on Muir Island. ===Divided We Stand=== M buys all the women of X-Factor Investigations an iPhone but destroys Rahne's when she finds out she is leaving. She tells Rahne about how she is always telling her to feel and claims that since Layla is not coming back, she will keep her iPhone in mint condition until Rahne returns to X-Factor. She leaves, telling Rahne to not be a stranger, or stranger than she already is. She then goes to a bar with Siryn where Theresa reveals she is pregnant. Monet offers to be with her if she chooses to get it aborted, only to be told she is not taking that option. M also states that Theresa has embryos more mature than Jamie, and that "he would make a crap father." Later Siryn tries to tell Jamie of her pregnancy, but Monet realizes Siryn still loves Jamie. ===Secret Invasion=== X-Factor is employed by the estranged father of former teen X-Man Darwin to locate him. Monet, Guido, and Jamie find Darwin travelling with Longshot, who is later revealed to be a Skrull. The trio also come into conflict with She-Hulk and Jazinda, who are in pursuit of said Skrull. For some reason, She-Hulk gets very angry around Monet. After he is captured, the groups go their separate ways and reunite Darwin with his father. Monet is oblivious to the fact Darwin has a crush on her. ===Operating out of Detroit & return to New York City === Shortly after the events of Secret Invasion, Darwin's father sells him out to a group of people called the Karma Project. While he is in a coma, Monet is called in to read his father's mind only to find nothing. Later the real Longshot shows up to help and Monet shows an attraction to him, though it is unknown whether it's Longshot's ability to have women fall in love with him or not.X-Factor vol. 3 #35 She then teams up with Madrox, Strong Guy, and Longshot in finding Darwin and is present at the birth of Sean.X-Factor vol. 3 #36-39 Val Cooper sends Monet, Guido, and Darwin to acquire a shipment of weapons designed to take out mutants, though instead they sink it to the bottom of the ocean.X-Factor vol. 3 #41 Monet later falls under Cortex's mental controlX-Factor vol. 3 #43 and proceeds to attack her teammatesX-Factor vol. 3 #44 until they are attacked by three Sentinels from the future. Monet is freed from Cortex's control by Longshot and when she attacks Cortex, she discovers that he is the second Madrox duplicate who was sent to the other future timeline during "Messiah Complex."X-Factor vol. 3 #46-47 In the aftermath of the battle with Cortex, X-Factor unofficially splits due to tensions between Jamie and Terry. Guido and Madrox move back to New York while Monet, Darwin, and the others stay in Detroit to work under Terry. However, the Detroit team soon crumbles when a depressed Terry chooses to disband the team and move back to Ireland. Monet chooses to move in with Terry to keep an eye on her. Monet worries for her friend, who becomes increasingly withdrawn and even has a brief sexual fling with her former boyfriend Deadpool. Unsure of how to help Terry, Monet visits the team in New York in an attempt to get Jamie and Terry to work their problems out. However, upon arriving back at X-Factor headquarters, Val Cooper informs Monet that her father Cartier has been kidnapped by a terrorist cell that will behead him unless Monet surrenders herself to them.X-Factor #200 Monet and Guido eventually travel to South America to confront the kidnappers, only to have their plane shot down. Monet awakens in an illusion where she is led to believe that she is once again transforming into Penance. It is revealed that the mastermind behind the kidnapping is Baron Mordo, who plans to feed off Monet to combat his cancer.X-Factor #202 After Strong Guy is resurrected by Layla Miller at the cost of his soul, Guido having no restraints kisses Monet. Monet attempts to discuss what happened between them before being attacked by Rahne and Shatterstar's pursuers.X-Factor #222 Monet becomes scared of Guido not having a soul and calls him a freak. She also gets into a heated argument with Theresa (Siryn/Banshee) about her not letting go of people's death.X-Factor #230 Monet becomes enraged after seeing Madrox alive, thinking that Layla was responsible for his resurrection. She slams Layla into a brick wall, then flies off with her into the New York skyline. Madrox tells Terry to fly after them, but Terry says that if Monet really wanted to hurt her, she would have done it right there. Monet drops her off at the Empire State Building and scares the tourists away so she and Layla can have words. Monet says to Layla that she always knows what's going on. Layla states that this is not the case, and didn't resurrect Jamie. She uses the telescope as an example of her not knowing every event as the events get closer and then blackout. Layla then tells Monet that Guido was supposed to have died and not Jamie. She states she wanted to change fate so Monet wouldn't blame herself for Guido's death which would have resulted in her going through a year-long depression. She wanted to spare Monet's pain, who, according to Layla, will eventually become her best friend. After hearing all this, Monet leaves Layla so that she can have some space and collect her thoughts.X-Factor #234 Monet was shown to be dying from a serious brain injury when she fought Pluto, God of The Underworld, where he mercilessly beat her to near death until Wolfsbane's son intervened and killed Pluto.X-Factor #253 Later in a fight with Strong Guy, M died due to the brain injury,X-Factor #255 but is subsequently resurrected by Guido when he becomes Lord of Hell.X-Factor #256 After the Hell On Earth Saga, Monet finds Darwin in Las Vegas. They have drinks at a bar, and he questions her where her soul went to after she died. Annoyed by the singer, she approaches him and explains that there is no heaven, but only nothingness or Hell. Darwin finally admits his feeling towards her only to be rejected. As Darwin leaves the bar, Monet aggressively corners him on wall, and tells him that she needs to feel something after her experience with death. The two end up having sex with one another. Darwin knows that Monet is not mentally prepared for a relationship, but is happy to be there.X-Factor #261 ===X-Men vol. 4=== Monet has returned to The Jean Grey Academy after her event with X-Factor, to try to make sense of what to do with her life. Jubilee, her old teammate is surprised to see her again. She then meets Karima Shapandar and immediately forms a friendship with her due to both of them having an experience with death. Lady Deathstrike and her team see her jogging with Monet and attempt to ambush them. During the confrontation, Karima is shot, and Monet manages to protect her temporarily until Monet gets caught off guard. Before Deathstrike could finish her attack, Karima shoots and injures Lady Deathstrike causing her to retreat to regroup and get more intel. Monet explains to the X-Men that Lady Deathstrike's consciousness is now in the body of a teenage Latina named Ana Cortes. Storm asks Monet to help them figure out what her plan is. Monet, true to fashion thinks about herself stating that she's just there to take some downtime and is not interested in becoming the team's new bruiser. Jubilee infuriated, says to Monet that Storm isn't asking. Monet agrees to help due to the fact that she feels guilty about Karima taking a bullet that she feels she should have stopped.X-men vol. 4 #7 ===All-New, All-Different Marvel=== In the wake of the M-Pox crisis, Monet joined Magneto's team of X-Men, with the goal of protecting mutantkind at any cost. During this time, she developed a love-hate relationship with the reformed Sabretooth, whom she frequently teased. They bickered so much that Psylocke tells them to just get a room, prompting Monet to ask if she was jealous.The Uncanny X-Men vol. 4 #1 While investigating a mysterious illness and series of abductions that befell the MorlocksThe Uncanny X-Men vol. 4 #6 M and her teammate Sabretooth ran afoul of Emplate.The Uncanny X-Men vol. 4 #7 She tried to distract him long enough so he would fade away, but as he did, he managed to possess M, cursing her with the hunger he suffered. Having been with her on the mission, Sabretooth was aware of what happened & later visited Monet in her room to tell her that her secret is safe with him & that she could feed on him whenever she needed.The Uncanny X-Men vol. 4 #10 During a war between Inhumans and the X-Men, M and Sabretooth became part of the mutants who guarded over the Inhumans sent to captivity in Limbo. M began to feed on the Inhumans instead, wanting revenge & blaming them for the death of Madrox by releasing the T-Mist into the air. A fight broke out when Sabretooth tries to stop her, but at the end of the issue, he is willing to let her kill the last Inhuman to keep her curse secret. Sabretooth eventually ran away with her to help her contain Emplate's possession and find a cure.The Uncanny X-Men vol. 4 #17 ===Generation X, Vol. 2=== After somehow getting separated from Sabretooth, M continues hunting mutants to feed off of and ends up hiding out by the Xavier Institute, now located in Central Park, New York. After the X-Men discover that someone's been hunting mutants and draining their powers, Jubilee's students decide to take matters into their own hands and hunt the perpetrator but end up caught in M's ambush. Jubilee arrives to save her students, and upon seeing her old friend, M temporarily regains control of herself and immediately retreats.Generation X vol. 2 #4 Monet hides out in an abandoned subway car, where D.O.A. brings in Morlocks for her & Emplate to feast on. Emplate warns M that Morlocks are not enough, and they need stronger mutant marrow to remain anchored to their plane of existence. M declares she's looking for a more permanent solution to their problem.Generation X vol. 2 #8 M-Plate attacks the Xavier Institute, going after the students. She has D.O.A. use his abilities to disconnect the school from the outside world, cutting off any possible interference.Generation X vol. 2 #85 The original teammates, Chamber, Husk, and Jubilee all fight M-Plate and are soundly defeated -Jubilee almost being killed by having her amulet torn off and thrown into the sunlight to burn. Thanks to the timely save of Quentin, he uses his Phoenix shard to cure Jubilee's vampirism & returning her mutant powers.Generation X vol. 2 #86 M-Plate, having absorbed Hindsight's powers earlier now has his ability to see the memories of whomever she touches. Bling comes up with the plan and touches M-Plate, the latter seeing her past. This freaks out Monet, with Emplate telling her to get a hold of herself. Bling gets word to the other previous Generation X team, and they all combine their efforts and grab a hold of M-Plate. Monet is panicked, with Jubilee apologizing to her & saying she needs to remember. All the memories of her time with the team come flooding back, which eventually breaks Emplate's hold on her, separating the two & finally curing Monet. Marius fades away to his own dimension and Monet is taken to the infirmary with the injured students. Jubilee watches after her, with Monet insisting that she's fine & just needs a manicure & a blowout. The two have a chat and Monet is her usually snarky self, with Jubilee smiling and complaining that she was almost happy Monet was back.Generation X vol. 2 #87 ===Weapon X-Force=== Sometime after the events of Generation X, Monet fell under the mind-control of Mentallo and joined Stryker's cult, The Church of Human Potential. She lured Weapon X-Force there so she could share the gift with Sabretooth. She's freed from Mentallo with the aid of Deathstrike & teams up with Sabretooth's Weapon X-Force to take down the cult -even going into the depths of Hell to kill Stryker for good. During this final mission, she & Sabretooth reconnect with Domino, Deathstrike, Omega Red, and Deadpool believing them to have feelings for each other. It's revealed Sabretooth left M while she was possessed by Emplate and has regretted it for a while since she was one of the few to treat him decently after his inversion. Monet doesn't blame him due to how much of a monster she became but Sabretooth still felt guilty despite her understanding. He wants her to know something but is interrupted before he can tell her. Sadly, things end tragically before the truth can be revealed.Weapon X vol. 3 #22-#26 Sabretooth is lost in battle facing a power-boosted Mentallo. Being overwhelmed by the former, Mentallo shot him with Domino's discarded gun, sending him into the blade machine as the final sacrifice in Stryker's resurrection. This devastated Monet, who screamed for him as he was sliced to pieces. Monet was present with Weapon X-Force during Graydon's resurrection. Mystique says Sabretooth is responsible, but Monet sadly asks what happened to Sabretooth.Weapon X vol. 3 #27 ===The Loners=== When Ricochet breaks into a building holding women being used to harvest Mutant Growth Hormone, he meets an assassin named Delilah. During the fight, one of Ricochet's discs breaks open a chamber and Penance emerges.The Loners #2 At first confused as to where she is, Penance tries to convince Ricochet that she isn't a threat, though he is forced to avoid her claws. Lightspeed (following Ricochet out of concern) lands between the two and uses her Kymellian powers to mesmerize Penance, but when she places her hand on Penance's shoulder, she stabs Lightspeed through her shoulders. Later, Penance encounters the rest of the group at the hospital where Julie is recovering. It is then she senses a kindred spirit in Phil Urich. She is followed by the ones intent on imprisoning her, including a mysterious woman named Fuyumi Fujikawa who calls her "Hollow". Mickey Musashi's makes a deal with the woman that allows Hollow to remain with the group which allows her to stay at Phil's residence.The Loners #3 ===House of X=== M is later seen living in the sovereign nation of Krakoa constructed by X as the new mutant homeland for him and his people. She was amongst a host of heavy hitter X-Men selected to take the fight to the Orchis Group before they could bring the abominable Mother Mold online, whilst on their way to the Orchis Forge from their lunar base the team was met with heavy resistance by their opposing force.House of X #3 (Aug. 2019) After their ship was believed to have been dispatched by the Forge's armed forces, Husk and Archangel were found dead on arrival. The rest of the team went to work while Monet stayed behind with Jean to set up a telepathic relay for everyone to keep in contact with one another. The vessel they were on was eventually boarded and M shoved Jean out an escape pod while fighting to the death with Orchis's soldiers in her Penance form.House of X #4 (Sept. 2019) At a later date, thanks to The Five, who merged their collective power together to resurrect Monet as well as Warren, Jean, Scott, Paige, Logan, Raven and Kurt with help from a Cerebro empowered X. Monet was more than happy to be back amongst the living but was hesitant to receive a hug from Storm, the six heroes were well received by their fellow mutants back home; hailed as saviors of the highest caliber after giving their lives for preserving their newfound way of life.House of X #5 (Sept. 2019) Claudette and Nicole St. Croix have re-appeared as members of the new mutant nation of Krakoa, they were shown at the Akademos Habitat both turned into Penance, and they were being reprehended by their sister Monet.New Mutants (Vol. 4) #1 ==Reception== * In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked M/Penance 72nd in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list. * In 2018, CBR.com ranked Lady Penance 18th in their "Age Of Apocalypse: The 30 Strongest Characters In Marvel's Coolest Alternate World" list. ==Other versions== ===Age of Apocalypse=== Monet never made a proper appearance in the harsh world known as the Age of Apocalypse. A girl referred to in the book as "Claudia" (which may be one or the two merged St. Croix twins) was known as Know-It-All and was part of Generation Next, having merged herself with the team's computer system. She risked her life to search the databases of Apocalypse, a task which ended in her destruction at the hands of the Shadow King. Claudette along with Nicole also appeared working alongside their brother in Apocalypse's Elite Mutant Force, going by the name "The Monets". Age of Apocalypse took place before Scott Lobdell, Monet's creator, left the X-books. His original intention for the character of Monet was for her to only be a fake persona used by the M-Twins when they were joined. The appearances of Know-It-All and her sister in the Monets were intended as clues towards Monet's true nature in the regular continuity. After the fall of Apocalypse and the ascension of Weapon Omega to power as the new Apocalypse, he began resurrecting deceased Alpha mutants. The operation was interrupted by Prophet, however, who stopped most of the resurrections with the exception of Monet's. The connection between Know-It-All and Monet seems to have been abandoned by Marvel, at least for now. After returning to life, Monet renamed herself as Penance and began rallying mutants to her cause which was to seek forgiveness for their past crimes and to rebuild their world. She was soon approached by the servants of Weapon Omega–Azazel, Prelate Summers and Colossus–who asked her to meet Weapon Omega to discuss how she could service the citizens under him. Penance refused and used her telepathic powers to restore Colossus' memories, which caused him to side with her. She attempted to do the same for Cyclops but failed and was blasted for her troubles, leading to a fight breaking out between Colossus and Cyclops. Azazel agrees to leave and takes Cyclops with him, promising to return. Penance is immediately approached by Prophet, the leader of the human resistance who reveals that it was he that resurrected her in hope that she would aid them and that she would be more open-minded than Weapon Omega. Azazel returns with Weapon Omega, who has come to see her kneel before him, which she does. Just as Weapon Omega leaves, the Human Resistance arrives with Sugarman. Penance promises to be in touch with Prophet. ===X-Men: The End=== In the alternate future in the X-Men: The End series written by Chris Claremont, M is a member of the XSE and a critical part of the hastily marshalled forces attempting to defeat Mister Sinister. ==In other media== ===Film=== * Penance appears in the television film Generation X, portrayed by Amarilis. This version displayed no psionic powers. * In X2: X-Men United, Penance's name appears on a file while Mystique is going through the files on William Stryker's computer. ==References== ==External links== * World of Black Heroes: Monet Biography * * Marvel Universe Character Bio Wiki * Uncannyxmen.net Spotlight On...M Category:Black people in comics Category:Characters created by Scott Lobdell Category:Characters created by Chris Bachalo Category:Comics characters introduced in 1994 Category:Muslim characters in comics Category:Muslim superheroes Category:Fictional models Category:Fictional private investigators Category:Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers Category:Marvel Comics telekinetics Category:Marvel Comics telepaths Category:Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds Category:Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing Category:Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength Category:Marvel Comics martial artists Category:Marvel Comics mutants Category:Marvel Comics female superheroes Category:Fictional Bosnian people Category:X-Factor (comics)
M is the debut studio album by black metal project Myrkur, by Danish musician and singer-songwriter Amalie Bruun. Produced by Kristoffer "Garm" Rygg of Ulver, it was released on 21 August 2015 through Relapse Records. Featuring a black and gothic metal sound, the album melds influences from various genres, including second wave black metal, atmospheric post-metal, gothic, darkwave, Scandinavian folk and classical music. The album was named the Best Hard Rock Album of 2015 by Gaffa. ==Critical reception== Upon its release, M received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 83, which indicates "universal acclaim", based on 10 reviews, and was the 85th highest rated album of 2015. Allmusic's Thom Jurek wrote: "Myrkur's music melds all of her adopted stylistic elements, lets their seams show, and emerges with an innovative, alchemical creation of her own. M expands on black metal's boundaries yet holds its dark, foreboding spirit close." The Austin Chronicle critic Michael Toland stated: "Danish raven Amalie Bruun integrates extreme intensity into both genres' [goth/black metal's] inherent drama." Sean Barry of Consequence of Sound thought that "M doesn’t differentiate itself greatly from the early work of many black metal artists." Barry further added: "The album shines with potential and the promise that a more unique followup waits further down the trail." Exclaim! critic Natalie Zina Walschots praised the album, writing: "The textures of M are even more finely hewn and interwoven than its predecessor, resulting in a record that is at once profoundly tactile and deeply sensual." Grayson Haver Currin of Pitchfork thought that "on M, Bruun is free and clear of any identity drama—and a much more convincing bandleader for it." Spin critic Colin Joyce stated: "What remains Bruun’s strongest suit is the way she juxtaposes the extremity of her influences." Joyce further concluded: "She comes out of more subdued sections to use blast beats like scare tactics, drops in glacial vocal harmonies as soothing lullabies." The Quietus' Dean Brown was also positive in his assessment of the album, writing: "By conveying the masculine and feminine duality inherent in old musical traditions and modern musical developments, Bruun has composed a truly rewarding record that defies direct categorisation." Nevertheless, Sputnikmusic's Elijah K. gave the album a mixed review, describing the album's sound as "painfully bland and too on the nose." ==Track listing== ==Personnel== Album personnel as adapted from Bandcamp. ===Myrkur=== * Amalie Bruun – vocals, guitar, piano, production ===Session musicians=== * Teloch (Mayhem, Nidingr) – guitar, bass * Øyvind Myrvoll (Nidingr) – drums * Ole-Henrik Moe – fiðla, Hardingfele, violin * Håvard Jørgensen – acoustic guitar * Tone Reichelt – horn * Martin Taxt – tuba * Chris Amott (Arch Enemy) – additional guitar (7) ===Production and design=== * Kristoffer "Garm" Rygg (Ulver) – mixing, production * Anders Møller – mixing * Jaime Gomez Arellano – mastering * Trine + Kim Design Studio – photography * Orion Landau – design == Charts == Charts (2015) Peak position US World Albums (Billboard) 1 ==References== ==External links== * * *Valhalla - epic Nordic mythology animation from 1986, serves as the theme for the title of the song "Jeg er guden, I er tjenerne". Section on Loki talking to the kids (22:58 mins).https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094238/reviews?ref_=tt_urv . This was confirmed by Amalie Bruun on her YouTube channel. Category:2015 debut albums Category:Relapse Records albums Category:Myrkur albums
The M Queens Boulevard/Sixth Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The M operates at all times. Weekday rush hour, midday, and early evening service operates between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills, Queens, and Metropolitan Avenue in Middle Village, Queens, making local stops along its entire route; weekend daytime and late evening weekday service is cut back from 71st Avenue in Queens to Essex Street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan; late night service short turns at Myrtle Avenue in Brooklyn. The M is the only service that travels through the same borough via two different, unconnected lines. Additionally, the M is the only non-shuttle service that has both of its full-run terminals in the same borough (Queens). Though the full route length between 71st Avenue and Metropolitan Avenue is about , the stations are geographically located apart, marking this as the shortest geographic distance between termini for any New York City Subway service that is not a shuttle service. An MJ service ran the entire BMT Myrtle Avenue Line until 1969, when the section west of Broadway in Brooklyn was demolished. Before 2010, the full-length M ran from Middle Village to southern Brooklyn via the BMT Nassau Street Line and Montague Street Tunnel. The M had originally run on the BMT Brighton Line to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue until 1987. Afterward, it used the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, and BMT West End Line in Brooklyn, terminating at Ninth Avenue or Bay Parkway. From July 2017 to April 2018, the full-length M terminated at Broadway Junction in Brooklyn; a limited number of M trains operated between 71st Avenue in Queens and Second Avenue in Manhattan. As part of the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown, between April 2019 and April 2020, M service was routed up the Second Avenue Subway to 96th Street during weekday late evenings and weekends, as an alternative for train service. __TOC__ == History == ===M service=== ====1914–1960==== thumb|left|The Myrtle Avenue–Chambers Street Line (later the 10, then the M train) used the Myrtle Viaduct (pictured) along its route between Manhattan and Middle Village Until 1914, the only service on the Myrtle Avenue Line east of Grand Avenue was a local service between Park Row (via the Brooklyn Bridge) and Middle Village (numbered 11 in 1924). The Myrtle Viaduct, a two-track ramp connecting the Myrtle Avenue Line with the BMT Broadway Elevated (now the Jamaica) Line at the Myrtle Avenue station was opened on July 29, 1914, allowing for a second service, the daytime Myrtle Avenue–Chambers Street Line, or Myrtle-Chambers Line, which ran along the Broadway elevated and the Williamsburg Bridge to Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manhattan. Following the completion of a third track along the Broadway Elevated between Marcy Avenue and Myrtle Avenue on January 17, 1916, these trains began running express on the Broadway Elevated during the evening rush hour in the peak-direction. By 1920, trains later began running express in the morning rush hour and on Saturday afternoon in the peak direction. The number 10 was assigned to the service in 1924."Guide Map to BMT Lines - Rapid Transit Division". Brooklyn—Manhattan Transit. 1924. At the time, service ran on weekdays between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m., on Saturdays from 6 a.m. and 9 p.m., and on Sundays from 12:30 to 11 p.m. In the morning rush hour, trains ran express between Central Avenue and Essex Street, and during the evening rush hour, trains ran express between Bowery and Broadway–Myrtle Avenue. Sunday service was removed in June 1933. All Saturday trains began running local on June 28, 1952. On February 10, 1958, the four rush hour Brighton-Nassau special trains began stopping at Neck Road and Avenue U. In addition, the evening rush hour trains began stopping at DeKalb Avenue, as had been done by morning rush hour trains. On June 28, 1958, Saturday service was discontinued. On May 26, 1959, midday service was eliminated, making the Myrtle-Chambers Line rush-hours only. Service had previously operated on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Beginning on February 23, 1960, express trains began stopping at Marcy Avenue, which was originally a local stop. ==== 1961–1978 ==== In 1961, with the arrival of new subway cars which featured rollsigns with new lettered designations for the BMT's numbered services, the 10 was renamed the M. Since these cars were not assigned to the route, it remained signed as 10. However, the rush hour Nassau Street specials on the BMT Brighton Line and BMT Fourth Avenue Line were signed using the M designation. The line was officially designated "M" after the Chrystie Street changeover on November 27, 1967. The second half of the Chrystie Street Connection opened on July 1, 1968, and the , which had run along Nassau Street to Broad Street, was relocated through the new connection to the IND Sixth Avenue Line (and renamed the KK). To augment service to Broad Street, the M was extended two stations, from Chambers Street to Broad Street. On October 4, 1969, the Myrtle Avenue Elevated was discontinued south of Myrtle Avenue to Jay Street. To make up for the loss of MJ service, M service was expanded to run during middays, operating weekdays between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m., and a new SS shuttle began running between Myrtle Avenue and Metropolitan Avenue at other times. In August 1972, the off-hour SS shuttle was renamed as part of the M. Effective January 2, 1973, the daytime QJ was truncated to Broad Street as the , and the M was extended beyond Broad Street during the day along the 's former route to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue, via the Montague Street Tunnel and Brighton Line local tracks. With the extension of the M onto the Brighton Line, there were also changes to D service. Northbound weekday M train service originating at Kings Highway would begin at 5:46 a.m., while northbound service from Coney Island would begin at 6:34 a.m. From 5:40 to 6:34 a.m. northbound D trains would run local from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway, and then run express to Prospect Park. Late morning and early afternoon D trains would from then on run express from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway. The span of D express service to Brighton Beach was extended by 45 minutes to 9:05 p.m. from Prospect Park, and the span of M service from Broad Street to Coney Island was extended by 45 minutes from the previous span of QJ service to cover local stops. Two M trains began service at Brighton Beach in the morning rush hour, and in the early morning, three M trains entered service at Brighton Beach, and six entered service at Kings Highway. In addition, the final nine southbound M trains of the evening terminated at Brighton Beach. On May 13, 1974, three northbound early morning trains that were placed into service at Brighton Beach were replaced with two trains entering service at Kings Highway and one entering service at Brighton Beach. The local K (renamed from KK in 1973) was eliminated on August 27, 1976, and M express service between Myrtle Avenue and Marcy Avenue ended. On December 3, 1979, four northbound weekday morning rush hour trains that had been put into service at Kings Highway began service at Brighton Beach. ==== 1986–2004 ==== thumb|M train of R42s crossing the Williamsburg Bridge in 1995|alt=|right A six-month reconstruction project on the Brighton Line began on April 26, 1986, and to reduce congestion and delays, weekday daytime M service was shifted to the Fourth Avenue Line's express tracks south of DeKalb Avenue and the BMT West End Line. Service began terminating at Ninth Avenue during middays, and at Bay Parkway during rush hours. This service duplicated a pattern that had last been operated as the until late 1967. Manhattan-bound M trains operated from Bay Parkway between about 7:00 and 8:20 a.m., operating every 12 to 15 minutes. Bay Parkway-bound M trains left Chambers Street between 4:20 and 5:30 p.m. In 1991, M trains began running with fewer cars at all times except weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. in order to increase passenger security during overnight hours.* * M service along Fourth Avenue, operating between 6:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., was switched to the local tracks on May 31, 1994, switching with the , which had run local since the M was moved in 1987. The change was implemented on a six-month trial, and was made permanent afterwards. This change was made as part of New York City Transit's Fare Deal, which sought to increase transit ridership by improving service. The change was proposed in November 1993, and public hearings on the change were held. The change reduced travel times by minutes for 26,000 people, a majority of the riders on the corridor. As a result of the change, some riders shifted from using stations on the BMT West End Line to the BMT Sea Beach Line, and from Fourth Avenue local stops to Fourth Avenue express stops.* * * * Market research found that 44% of M riders felt that crowding decreased, that 35% of M and 30% of N riders used their service more frequently, that 58% of riders thought the change was a good idea, and that only riders at the 45th Street and 53rd Street stations, which received less frequent service, viewed the changes negatively. This change increased operating costs by $245,000.* * * * * The midday M (between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.) was temporarily truncated to Chambers Street on April 30, 1995 from Ninth Avenue in Brooklyn due to the closure of the Manhattan Bridge during weekday middays for structural repairs.* * ** * * The change was made to provide capacity in the Montague Street Tunnel for the Q, which was rerouted from the Manhattan Bridge. To replace M local service in Brooklyn, midday N trains began making local stops in Brooklyn. In addition, the span of M service to Brooklyn was reduced by fifteen minutes in the early morning and in the late evening by 25 minutes.* * * * * * * The elimination of midday service to Brooklyn was made permanent on November 12, 1995, after the six-month repair project was completed, as part of a series of service cuts made by New York City Transit to make up a shortfall in its budget. It had been expecting a $160 million surplus in 1995, but due to reductions in state and federal contributions, it was left with a deficit which could reach $172 million. The elimination of midday M service to Brooklyn was part of a larger plan to reduce spending in order to avert a fare increase, which Governor George Pataki and Mayor Rudy Giuliani had pressured the MTA to avoid. Only 4,200 riders used M service to Brooklyn during middays, with fewer than 20 passengers per car, or 80 passengers per train (the M used four-car trains during middays). Because of the low cost effectiveness of operating service to Brooklyn and because of the existence of alternate service on the N and R, it was decided to cut the service. This service cut saved $664,000 annually. Three alternative operating plans were considered: maintaining existing midday service, terminating midday service at Broad Street, and operating service as a shuttle like weekend and late night service. It was decided not to terminate service at Broad Street because it negated a large portion of the crew savings due to the need for personnel to relay trains at the Broad Street terminal, longer running times, and because it had the potential to delay J service, which already terminated there. The shuttle option was dismissed because it would inconvenience a far larger number of M riders.* * * * * From May 1 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks were closed for reconstruction, splitting M service in two sections. One service ran at all times between Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue and Marcy Avenue. The other ran rush hours only between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street. A shuttle provided service on the BMT Nassau Street Line. Fares on the B39 bus crossing the Williamsburg Bridge were eliminated and free subway-bus transfers were given at Marcy Avenue and at Delancey Street. The closure was anticipated to last until October 1999, but subway service was restored one month ahead of schedule. The project cost $130 million, including replacing the tracks' support structure, signal systems and other equipment. From July 23, 2001 to February 22, 2004, the closure of the north tracks on the Manhattan Bridge resulted in a midday extension back to Ninth Avenue, as well as an extension of the times that the rush hour service was provided to 10 p.m. This change preserved service between the West End Line and Chinatown for passengers that would have taken the to Grand Street. When full Manhattan Bridge service was restored, midday M service was cut back to Chambers Street and replaced in south Brooklyn by the . Neighborhood leaders in Chinatown were angered by the decision to terminate midday at Ninth Avenue, instead of running it to Bay Parkway. A spokesman for New York City Transit stated that it was easier to terminate trains at Ninth Avenue and that a signal upgrade project was going on further down the line. In addition, the temporary midday service to Brooklyn was lightly used, with an average of 50 to 60 riders per train during middays going to Brooklyn, and fewer than 50 riders per train during evenings going to Brooklyn. The September 11, 2001 attacks caused a temporary reduction of the M to a full-time shuttle until September 17. Then it was extended full-time over the BMT Sea Beach Line to Stillwell Avenue, replacing the , until October 28."Subway Service as of Sun 10/28". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 28, 2001. ==== 2007–2010 ==== In December 2007, the MTA announced that it planned to set aside $27 million in 2008 and $60 million annually afterwards for service enhancements to help riders deal with increased fares. Extended weekday evening M service to Broad Street and weekend service to Chambers Street were part of the plan. However, on March 24, 2008, it was announced that because the agency received substantially less revenue from taxes on real estate transactions, the enhancements were reduced to $4.5 million in 2008 and $8.9 million annually afterwards. The plan to extend weekend service to Chambers Street was dropped. After several months' delay, weekday evening trains were extended to Broad Street on July 27, 2008. left|thumb|Brooklyn politicians eulogize the "death" of the Nassau Street Line M On November 20, 2008, in light of severe budget woes, the MTA announced a slew of potential service cuts; among them was the potential elimination of rush-hour M service which had extended beyond Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan to Bay Parkway on the West End Line in Brooklyn. In May 2009, after the New York State Legislature passed legislation to offer financial support to the MTA, the service cut was taken off the table. However, in late 2009, the MTA once again discovered that it was confronting another financial crisis; most of the same service cuts threatened just months earlier were revisited. One proposal included completely phasing out M service and using the as its replacement. Under this proposal, the V would no longer serve its southern terminus at Second Avenue. Instead, after leaving Broadway–Lafayette Street, it would run along the Chrystie Street–Williamsburg Bridge connection, unused since the elimination of the K in 1976, and stop at the upper (BMT) level of Essex Street in Manhattan before serving all M stations to Metropolitan Avenue in Queens. The MTA determined that this move, while still a service cut, would actually benefit M riders in northern Brooklyn; approximately 17,000 weekday riders used that route to reach its stations in Lower Manhattan, whereas 22,000 transferred to other routes to reach destinations in Midtown Manhattan. However, only about 10,000 riders in Southern Brooklyn used the M to access the Nassau Street Line. This merger opened up new travel options for northern Brooklyn and Queens in that it allowed direct and more convenient access to areas that were not previously served by those routes such as Midtown Manhattan, as before the service changes, M train passengers had to transfer at least once if heading to Midtown. On March 19, 2010, it was reported that the plan had been changed and that the new combined service would instead carry the M train designation, recolored orange to designate the IND Sixth Avenue Line as its Manhattan trunk line, while discontinuing the V train. Many MTA board members opposed the elimination of the M designation, saying that riders would be more comfortable with that rather than a V designation, and because the M had been around longer than the V. The last M trains to Bay Parkway ran on June 25, 2010, and M service via the Chrystie Street Connection began the following Monday, June 28, 2010. ==== 2011–present ==== On June 8, 2014, weekend daytime M service was extended to Essex Street as part of an $18 million funding project to improve subway service, as well as to offer a direct connection to the F train on Saturdays and Sundays; late night service continues to terminate at Myrtle Avenue. During the morning rush hour, the M is at 90 percent of the New York City Subway's capacity guidelines. Ridership on the M has been growing very rapidly since the 2010 service change, and this trend is expected to continue. In June 2016, the frequencies of service on the M route during peak hours were increased, with the expectation that peak train frequencies would be raised again in the future. From July 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018, reconstruction of two sections of the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line—the approaches to the line's junction with the BMT Jamaica Line and Fresh Pond Bridge over the Long Island Rail Road's Montauk Branch in Queens—required a reroute of M service. Trains to and from Manhattan and Queens, instead of diverging at Myrtle Avenue to go to Metropolitan Avenue, continued east on the BMT Jamaica Line and terminated at Broadway Junction at all times except late nights, when service was suspended. A limited amount of rush hour trains ran between 71st Avenue in Queens and Second Avenue in Manhattan, replicating the train's routing prior to its discontinuation in 2010. Three shuttle bus routes ran during reconstruction of the Fresh Pond Bridge: one between Myrtle Avenue and Fresh Pond Road; the second between Myrtle and Metropolitan Avenues, skipping the Fresh Pond Road station during the daytime hours; and the third between Flushing Avenue/Broadway and Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue, stopping at Flushing and Wyckoff Avenues for a transfer to the BMT Canarsie Line at Jefferson Street. When the Fresh Pond Bridge project was completed on September 2, 2017, two six-car shuttle trains began operating between Metropolitan and Wyckoff Avenues at all times, running separately from each other on each of the two tracks; two additional six-car trains were stored in the Fresh Pond Yard in order to swap consists in and out of service. These shuttles, along with a shuttle bus route that provided service between Wyckoff Avenue and Broadway, ran until April 27, 2018. When the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown started in April 2019, weekend and weekday evening M service (from 11:00 p.m. to 1:15 a.m.) was extended from Essex Street to 96th Street on the Second Avenue Subway in Manhattan, via 63rd Street, to compensate for limited L service between Brooklyn and Manhattan. The M had to run to 96th Street because of capacity reductions on the Queens Boulevard Line due to ongoing weekend construction. Both weekday and weekend M frequencies were also increased. This extra service was discontinued after completion of tunnel construction on April 27, 2020. Weekday evening service after 9:15 p.m. was also indefinitely cut back from Forest Hills to Essex Street to accommodate maintenance work for the installation of communications-based train control on the Queens Boulevard Line, Eighth Avenue Line, and Sixth Avenue Line. ===MJ service=== thumb|left|The MJ formerly served the remainder of the Myrtle Avenue elevated, which was demolished in 1969 except for a small stub (pictured) On March 5, 1944, 11 trains stopped running over the Brooklyn Bridge, instead ending at Bridge–Jay Streets on the Brooklyn side, and all 11 trains terminated there (with a free transfer to the IND trains at Jay Street–Borough Hall). In 1967, when the Chrystie Street Connection opened, the label MJ was assigned to the 11 service. The western half of the Myrtle Avenue Line closed on October 4, 1969, ending MJ service, which was replaced with a free transfer to the B54 bus. Several days before the scheduled closing date, some supports for the elevated structure were hit by a truck, temporarily suspending service. Timber reinforcement was applied to damaged members, allowing service to resume operation until the scheduled closing date. == Route == === Service pattern === The following table shows the lines used by the M, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times: Line From To Tracks Times Times Times Line From To Tracks week­days week­ends and evening late nights IND Queens Boulevard Line Forest Hills–71st Avenue Queens Plaza local IND Queens Boulevard Line Court Square–23rd Street Fifth Avenue/53rd Street all IND Sixth Avenue Line 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center Broadway–Lafayette Street local Chrystie Street Connection all BMT Nassau Street Line Essex Street all Williamsburg Bridge all BMT Jamaica Line Marcy Avenue Flushing Avenue local BMT Jamaica Line Myrtle Avenue all BMT Myrtle Avenue Line (full line) Central Avenue all Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue === Stations === For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above. The M train runs on the following lines: 20px|M service Stations Subway transfers Connections Queens IND Queens Boulevard Line LIRR Main Line at Q72 bus to LaGuardia Airport Q52/Q53 Select Bus Service Q53 Select Bus Service Q53 Select Bus Service (IRT Flushing Line) Q47 bus to LaGuardia Airport Marine Air Terminal Q53 Select Bus Service Q70 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport ↓ (IND Crosstown Line) (IRT Flushing Line) Station is ADA-accessible in the southbound direction only Manhattan (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at ) IND Sixth Avenue Line 20px|alt=Elevator access to mezzanine only (IRT Flushing Line at ) (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line at , daytime only) (42nd Street Shuttle at , daytime only) (IND Eighth Avenue Line at , daytime only) (BMT Broadway Line) M34/M34A Select Bus Service PATH at Amtrak, LIRR, NJ Transit at Pennsylvania Station M23 Select Bus Service PATH at (BMT Canarsie Line at ) Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard/OMNY: (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at ) PATH at M14A/D Select Bus Service (IND Eighth Avenue Line) PATH at (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at ) BMT Nassau Street Line (IND Sixth Avenue Line) M14A Select Bus Service Clockwise terminal for weekend trains. Brooklyn BMT Jamaica Line B44 Select Bus Service NYC Ferry: East River Route (at South Tenth Street west of Kent Avenue) B15 bus to JFK Int'l Airport Clockwise terminal for late night trains BMT Myrtle Avenue Line (BMT Canarsie Line) Queens Queens Queens Queens Queens == References == == External links == * MTA NYC Transit – M Sixth Avenue Local * * # # Category:New York City Subway services
M is a book by Australian author Peter Robb about the Italian painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. First published in 1998 in Australia by Duffy & Snellgrove, the book provoked controversy when it was published in Britain in 2000.M by Peter Robb: Stephen Moss on the war of words over Robb's idiosyncratic Caravaggio biography, Guardian, 9 Feb. 2000. It was published in the United States as M: The Man Who Became Caravaggio (New York: Henry Holt, 2000). M won the (Australian) National Biography AwardNational Biography Award and the Victorian Premier's Award.Victorian Premier's Award ==References== == External links == *Description of M by publisher *Interview with Peter Robb on M * Category:Caravaggio Category:1998 non-fiction books Category:Duffy & Snellgrove books Category:Australian non-fiction books Category:Italian biographies
M was an English new wave and synthpop music project from London, England, led by English musician Robin Scott in the late 1970s and early 1980s. M is most known for the 1979 hit "Pop Muzik", which reached number two in the UK Singles Chart in May 1979, and number one in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart on 3 November 1979. Musicians who contributed to M at one time or another included Wally Badarou, Mark King, Phil Gould and Gary Barnacle of Level 42. ==Career== Scott first used the pseudonym M in 1978, when he released the single "Moderne Man". His next single, "Pop Muzik," featured Scott's brother Julian on bass, his wife Brigit Novik on backing vocals, and Wally Badarou on keyboards. The album New York–London–Paris–Munich was released in 1979. M had three other singles that achieved a chart entry in the UK, "Moonlight and Muzak" (No. 33 in December 1979), "That's the Way the Money Goes" (No. 45 in March 1980) and "Official Secrets" (No. 64 in November 1980). M released three studio albums throughout their career: New York • London • Paris • Munich in 1979, The Official Secrets Act in 1980, and Famous Last Words in 1982, which was never released in the UK. A fourth album, Robin Scott with Shikisha, was recorded in 1984 but was not released until 1998. M's first single "Moderne Man" was later remixed with "Satisfy Your Lust", the B-side of "That's the Way the Money Goes", and appeared as a medley on their album New York • London • Paris • Munich. The original single releases appeared on the 1997 CD re-release. A remixed version of "Pop Muzik" was played before each concert of U2's PopMart Tour. On 23 June 2023, Scott will release the first new single by M in 41 years, a track called "Break the Silence". ==Personnel== ===Full Members=== * Robin Scott – vocals, guitar, synthesizer, piano, keyboards ===Session Members=== * Brigit Novik Vinchon – vocals (1978–1982) * Wally Badarou – keyboards, synthesizers, sequencer (1978–1984) * Julian Scott – bass (1978–1982) * Philip Gould – drums, percussion (1978–1980) * Gary Barnacle – saxophone, flute (1978–1982) * David Bowie – handclaps (1978) * David Vorhaus – synthesizer (1980) * Mark King – guitar, drums, bass (1980–1982) * Paddy Keenan – Uilleann pipes (1980) * Marlisse & Steve – backing vocals (1982) * Mary Bird – backing vocals (1982) * Andy Gill – guitar (1982) * Gordon Huntley – guitar (1982) * Jamie West – guitar (1982) * Nick Plytas – organ, moog bass, piano, backing vocals (1982) * Barry Adamson – bass (1982) * Tony Levin – bass (1982) * Andy Anderson – drums (1982) * Sergio Castillo – drums (1982) * Yukihiro Takahashi – drums (1982) * John Lewis – synthesizer, sequencer (1982) * Thomas Dolby – synthesizer, sequencer (1982) * Sammy Smile – bass (1984) * Columbo Lamu – brass (1984) * Tabu Frantal – guitar (1984) * Mose Fan Fan – guitar (1984) * Shikisha – vocals (1984) ** Betty Boo Hlela ** Doreen Webster ** Julia Muntu Mathunjwa ==Discography== ===Albums=== ====Studio albums==== Year Album Chart positions AUS US 200 1979 New York • London • Paris • Munich 1980 The Official Secrets Act 1982 Famous Last Words 1984 Jive Shikisha! † "—" denotes releases that did not chart. † Recorded in 1984 – not released until 1998 and credited to Robin Scott & Shikisha. ====Compilation albums==== * Pop Muzik – The Very Best of M (1996, Music Collection International) * Pop Muzik (1997, Collectables Records) Reissue of the US version of New York • London • Paris • Munich. * 'M' The History – Pop Muzik The 25th Anniversary (2004, Union Square Music) * Pop Muzik – 30th Anniversary Remixes (2009, Echo Beach) Remix album featuring 13 remixes of "Pop Muzik". ===Singles=== Year Title Chart positions Certifications UK AUS US Hot 100 US Dance 1978 "Moderne Man" 1979 "Pop Muzik" * BPI: Silver "Moonlight and Muzak" 1980 "That's the Way the Money Goes" "Official Secrets" 1981 "Keep It to Yourself" 1982 "Danube" 1983 "Eureka" ‡ 1984 "Crazy Zulu" ‡ 1989 "Pop Muzik" (remix) "—" denotes releases that did not chart. ‡ – billed as Robin Scott ==See also== *List of new wave artists and bands *List of artists who reached number one in the United States *List of artists who reached number one on the Australian singles chart *List of synthpop artists *List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States ==References== ==External links== * Category:English new wave musical groups Category:British synth-pop new wave groups Category:Sire Records artists Category:MCA Records artists Category:Stiff Records artists Category:Warner Records artists Category:English pop music groups Category:Musical groups from London Category:Musical groups established in 1979 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1981
M is a Norwegian comic strip, written by Mads Eriksen. It was published in daily newspapers such as Dagbladet, as well as in its own monthly magazine M, until December 2012. Initially published as a guest strip in Pondus magazine, it established its own dedicated magazine near the end of 2006. The strip gained a large fan base in Norway, much due to its quirky humour and numerous pop-cultural references. To this day, reprints are regularly published by Kollektivet ==Synopsis== A surreal, semi-autobiographical, strip, its events revolve around Mads Eriksen and The Madam, his live-in girlfriend. The Madam is always drawn with asterisks for eyes, because, Eriksen claims, it is impossible to know what is on her mind (in one strip, Eriksen states that The Madam is drawn with asterisks because "she mixes pills and alcohol"). One characteristic of the comic is the unique T-shirts the characters wear for every strip, often containing pop-culture references. ==Allegations of blasphemy== In November 2006, a 94-year-old woman from Selbu brought blasphemy charges against Adresseavisen, a Trondheim-based newspaper that published M, over the content of two strips. In both, Jesus Christ is seen advertising for different products, such as "Pilate's crucifixion cream for manly men". The woman who pressed charges stated that "this has nothing to do with freedom of speech. This is much worse than the Muhammad cartoons." Eriksen responded that M is a strip that pokes fun at all sorts of myths, both old and new. A few days later, Dagbladet published a strip in which Mads wins a boxing match against God on a walkover. No further action was taken, and there has been no censorship in Norway over charges of blasphemy content since Life of Brian was banned from cinemas in 1979. ==Pop-cultural references== Pop cultural phenomena are frequently cited. Among these are: *Alien—Eriksen gets attacked by an alien that hatched from an expired egg. *Douglas Adams and his The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy science fiction novel and radio show. *Firefly—M refuses to breathe before the cancelled TV-show is brought back on the air. However, the character of Mal is incorrectly referred to as Mel in one strip. *Gremlins—M brings a Mogwai home and wants to feed it after midnight... *Hunter S. Thompson—Following the demise of Eriksen's coffee pot, it was blown out of a cannon, while Eriksen was wearing a T-shirt that read gonzo, mimicking Hunter S. Thompson's burial. *Linkin Park and Fred Durst— He has, both in strips and in a national newspaper interview stated that he would rather have his pubic hairs individually removed than listen to Linkin Park. Eriksen himself looks quite similar to Fred Durst, exploited in some strips *Linux—In one strip, Mads' brother (a computer-oracle) offers advice on how to get rid of trojans, malware, etc., always concluding with "install Linux". At one point a reader asks which Linux distribution he should use, at which point Mads' brother replies: "Gentoo for you, Ubuntu for grandma, HA-HA-HA!!!" In a current ongoing series, Mads has gotten rid of windows and tries to install Linux, but gets help from "Linux Man", A.K.A. his brother. *LOST -There has been one reference to the TV-series LOST *The Lord of the Rings—The Madam is especially fond of Viggo Mortensen and Aragorn. *Marvel Comics—Galactus, antagonist of The Silver Surfer, has appeared in M on some occasions. *The Phantom—seen intimately embracing a member of "The Singh Brotherhood", The Phantom's arch-enemies, in an M-strip. *Poltergeist—in a story arch of strips, Eriksens dead goldfish comes to haunt his apartment, much in the fashion of Poltergeist. *Pondus and Frode Øverli—In an ongoing "strip war" the two comics have regularly made friendly stabs at each other. It started with Eriksen doing a strip about Øverli sending text messages to all comics artists in Norway, parodying the style of John Arne Riise. Øverli retorted with an attack on M, and everything escalated from there. *Stephen King's The Shining *The Simpsons—There has been several The Simpsons references in the comic. *The Silence of the Lambs—In one strip Mads dresses up like the villain Jame Gumb. *Star Wars—Mads Eriksen is a big fan of the movie series, and the strip frequently makes references, some so specific that getting the joke is restricted to extreme fans. Only satisfied with the original trilogy, the strip's slogan is "Mye morsommere enn Jar-Jar" (a lot funnier than Jar-Jar). *The Transformers—referenced several times *Twin Peaks—Eriksen once uses the voice recording feature on his mobile phone to record a message to "Diane" in exactly the same fashion as Agent Cooper and his tape recorder in Twin Peaks. *Wikipedia—A door-to-door salesman attempts to sell Mads an encyclopedia, something which causes Mads to go into a laughing fit. The Madam remarks "What are we? The Flintstones", commenting that encyclopedias in books are obsolete. Throughout the strip, Mads is wearing a T-shirt with a symbol resembling the Wikipedia logo. *Windows Vista—Mads' brother reviews Vista, beginning by making farting sounds with his mouth, continuing on to pulling his T-shirt over his head whilst still making farting sounds. *World of Warcraft—Mads' friend Øyvind is once seen with a shirt saying "Loot Ninja", a term used in the online-game. *Yuggoth—Eriksen finds a homeless creature and takes it home. The creature turns out to be Cthulhu from H. P. Lovecraft's The Call of Cthulhu. At one point Eriksen says "Cthulhu Fhtagn"—"Cthulhu Dreams"—while the creature is napping in his living room. *David Hasselhoff—David Hasselhoff save's M from a monster clown doll after M dresses in women's clothing and a blond wig and begins to scream. David Hasselhoff hears the screams from a beach and say "that's a blond girl scream!" and comes to M's rescue; fighting off the monster clown doll. *Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes-The Madam reads the latest gossip about the (then) couple, and Eriksen pretends he wants to write it down in an imaginary book where he collect "all the important news" about the couple, only to discover that he's filled-up the "book", and therefore must hurry to the store and buy a new one. ==Sources== * M albums M book, M magazine Schibsted ;Footnotes Category:Comics characters introduced in 2004 Category:Norwegian comic strips Category:Gag-a-day comics Category:Autobiographical comics Category:Satirical comics Category:2004 comics debuts Category:Fictional Norwegian people Category:Norwegian comics characters Category:2004 establishments in Norway
M is the fourth single album by South Korean band Big Bang, and the first from their Made Series. It marks the first comeback for them after a three-year absence, which is also their first single album in nine years. ==Background and release== On April 17, YG Entertainment revealed the first teaser picture. Later, trailer for BigBang's Made World Tour was unveiled. YG Entertainment announced the title tracks of BigBang's "MADE Series: M" in the third teaser. Two of the four teasers for D-1 to D-4 consist of the song info, including who was responsible for the tracks' composition. G-Dragon revealed during the second concert of Made World Tour that he had a hard time making the album, since there are a big expectations for BigBang's comeback, he said, "In all honesty, I was in a slump that wasn't a normal slump. I worried a lot. The group has grown due to all the fans, so I unknowingly felt a heavy burden because it's been a long time since we released an album. I worried a lot because of this, but we worked well, as we continued." He added, "I thought to myself that I just need to work. We got together frequently and worked." The album opened for pre-order on 24 to 30 April consisting of two singles which are both title tracks and is released worldwide through iTunes, Melon and other online music portals on May 1. There are two different versions of the album; M (black) and m (white). One contains only CD and Booklet (24p) while the other one contains CD, Booklet (24p) + Special kit (Puzzle ticket, 5 photo cards and 1 limited photo card) + Poster. ==Commercial performance== M charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart selling 130,130 copies in just two days, peaking at number two in April. The album sold 137,261 copies in the first half of 2015. The group debuted on Billboard's 'World Digital Songs' chart with "Loser" charting 1st place and "Bae Bae" charting 2nd place on May 7. The music videos were also ranked 3rd and 4th most viewed K-pop M/V videos in the U.S. (April) according to Billboard. ==Promotion== After performing both songs during their Made Tour, BigBang held their first comeback stage on Inkigayo on May 3, 2015. On May 6, YG Entertainment announced the release of special clips for "Bae Bae" on 6 to 10 May. BigBang had their second comeback on May 7 installment of MNET's M Countdown. On the May 10 episode on Inkigayo, BigBang made their third comeback. BigBang also appeared on KBS' "Happy Together" on May 20, the first time featuring all of the members in a variety show. In May 2015, BigBang started a cover contest, the contestant can upload any type of cover for "Loser" and "Bae Bae". The winners will win album, get featured on the playlist of BigBang's official YouTube Channel and get the chance to audition at YG Entertainment. The submission started on May 18 till May 29, 2015. a total of 404 videos were submitted, the winners were announced on June 19. == Accolades == Awards and nominations for M Year Ceremony Award Result Ref. 2015 Gaon Chart Music Awards Album of the Year (2nd Quarter) Melon Music Awards Album of the Year Mnet Asian Music Awards Album of the Year == Track listing == ==Charts== ===Weekly charts=== Chart (2015) Peak position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 1 Taiwanese Albums (G-Music) 1 ===Monthly charts=== Chart (April 2015) Peak position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 2 === Year-end chart === Chart (2015) Position South Korean Albums (Gaon) 14 ==Sales== Chart Sales South Korea (Gaon) 140,098 ==Release history== Region Date Format Label Worldwide May 1, 2015 Digital download YG South Korea May 1, 2015 CD, digital download Taiwan May 12, 2015 CD, digital download Warner Music Taiwan Japan May 27, 2015 Digital download YGEX == Notes == ==References== ==External links== * * *Big Bang Official Website Category:BigBang (South Korean band) albums Category:2015 albums Category:YG Entertainment albums Category:Avex Group albums Category:Korean-language albums Category:Single albums Category:Albums produced by Teddy Park Category:Albums produced by G-Dragon
"M" is a song written by Japanese singer Ayumi Hamasaki from her album I Am... (2002).The title of this single is properly rendered thus: Image:Ayumi Hamasaki - M symbol.gif Whenever the title of this single appears on any track listing released by Avex, the aforementioned symbol is used. The lead single from the album and Hamasaki's nineteenth overall, "M" marked Hamasaki's increased creative control over her music, as it was the first song she composed, under the pseudonym "CREA". The single is to date one of Hamasaki's most commercially successful; it peaked at the top spot on the Oricon weekly charts, selling over 500,000 units on its first week. Moreover, the single eventually sold over 1,000,000 copies over its seventeen-week run and became a RIAJ-certified million-seller; "M" also won the Japan Gold Disc Award for "Song of the Year".The 16th Japan Gold Disc Award 2001. RIAJ. Retrieved July 5, 2008. ==Background and themes== Shortly after the release of her studio album Duty, Hamasaki began writing "M". Before then, Hamasaki's staff had composed the melodies; Hamasaki only wrote the lyrics. However, with "M", Hamasaki felt that none of the melodies composed by her staff fit her vision of the song. Consequently, she decided to compose the melody herself. She began work on an electronic keyboard; however, as she had little proficiency in the instrument, Hamasaki eventually resorted to singing the melody into a voice recorder.Shikano Atsushi. Rockin'on Japan. February 2001. Volume 165. Throughout the song, Hamasaki addresses "Maria". Hamasaki is ambiguous as to the identity of "Maria"; however, she has stated that the song was inspired by a story told to her by a friend about a saint named Mary.J-Point. December 22, 2000. Volume 75.Barry Walters of the Village Voice speculates that the "Maria" in question is Mary Magdalene; however, "Maria" in Japanese most often refers to the Virgin Mary. The story was pivotal in the shaping of the theme of the song, which, according to Hamasaki, is about a "woman who won't change with time". Finally, like other songs from I am..., Hamasaki explores the topics of couples and love."Interview with Ayu". U Weekly SG. February 2002. Retrieved July 5, 2008.In the lyrics, words for "love" appear five times in total: ai (愛, love) appears four times and koi (恋, love) appears once. Also, the Japanese word for "couple", futari (ふたり, couple, literally two people) appears twice. ==Composition and musical style== According to Hamasaki, the melodies composed by her staff for "M" did not fit her image for the song because they were too "warm"—she had envisioned a melody with a "cold" feeling. That, according to Hamasaki, meant a melody that was "difficult to grasp" and started in a lower key before progressing to a higher key. The song is written in common time and begins in the key of C major before progressing to the key of C-sharp major.According to musical theory, this would be a shift to the parallel key. The song uses piano, electric guitar, triangle, and various stringed instruments. "M", unlike Hamasaki's antecedent songs, does not follow the verse-chorus form; rather, the song opens with an introduction that is followed by a brief instrumental bridge that precedes two verses.The sheet music of "M" from Ayumi Hamasaki - Piano Solo - New Piano Sounds Top 25. Volume 7. The verses are followed by a pre-chorus after which comes an instrumental bridge; that is followed by a repetition of the pre-chorus and the verse. The chorus and a repetition of it follow; the chorus and its repetition are separated by another instrumental bridge. Finally, a second verse is sung before the repetition of the introduction, at which point the song ends.By "repetition" is meant a repetition of the melody, not the lyrics. ==Music video== right|thumb|A scene from the music video The music video for "M", directed by Wataru Takeishi, opens with Hamasaki singing the introduction against a stained-glass window. The first instrumental bridge follows, during which is seen the exterior of a church. When the first verse starts, the doors of the church open and glowing particles sweep into the church; at the start of the second instrumental bridge, the particles merge and Hamasaki appears in a white gown, at the intersection of the transept and the aisle, also in this scene she is wearing blue contacts. When the chorus starts, Hamasaki is seen outside the church (no longer in a gown) singing with her band; subsequent scenes switch between Hamasaki singing outside the church and standing inside. At the end of the video, the glowing particles sweep out of the church and the gown-clad Hamasaki disappears. ==Chart performance and sales== "M" debuted at the number-one position on the Oricon weekly charts on its first week of release, selling 541,350 copies.Oricon Weekly Charts for the fourth week of December 2000. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. The single remained atop the charts the second week; however, the total sales for that week had dropped to 185,290.Oricon Weekly Charts for the first week of January 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. The sales rose the third week: the single sold 246,150 copies; however, it was only able to reach the number-two position, as Every Little Thing's single "Fragile/Jirenma" debuted that week with 278,120 copies.Oricon Weekly Charts for the second week of January 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. By the fourth week, "M" remained at the number-two position with 95,770 copies sold.Oricon Weekly Charts for the third week of January 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. It remained in the Top 10 the following three weeks, dropping from the number-five position to the number- seven position.Oricon Weekly Charts for the fourth week of January 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008.Oricon Weekly Charts for the first week of February 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008.Oricon Weekly Charts for the second week of February 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. It remained in the Top 30 for two more weeks; it reached the twenty-third position before dropping out.Oricon Weekly Charts for the third week of February 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008.Oricon Weekly Charts for the third week of February 2001. Oricon. Retrieved July 5, 2008. By the end of its nine-week run in the Oricon Top 30, "M" sold 1,279,830 copies,According to the total of the sales while "M" was in Oricon Top 30 charts. Oricon does not publish the sales or positions below thirty; therefore, it is possible that "M" sold more. making it the best-selling single from I am... and adding to Hamasaki's million- selling singles. ==Accolades== In early 2014, in honor of Hamasaki's sixteenth-year career milestone, Japanese website Goo.ne.jp hosted a poll for fans to rank their favorite songs by Hamasaki out of thirty positions; the poll was held in only twenty-four hours, and thousands submitted their votes. As a result, "M" was ranked at #2 behind Seasons, with 93.2 percent of the votes. Additionally, the Above & Beyond remix is considered a vocal trance classic, ranking at #653 in Trance Top 1000 in 2011, and #177 in A State of Trance Top 1000 in 2021. ==Track listings== Japanese maxi-single # "M" (original mix) # "M" (Dub's Hard Pop Remix) # "Seasons" (Yuta's Weather Report Mix) # "M" (Nicely Nice Winter Parade Remix) # "Far Away" (Laugh & Peace Mix) # "M" (Rewired Mix) # "M" (Smokers Mix) # "M" (Rank-M Mix) # "M" (Neurotic Eye's Mix) # "M" (original mix instrumental) Japanese 2×12-inch vinyl E.P. :A1. "M" (Above & Beyond Typhoon bub mix) :B1. "Boys & Girls (Push instrumental dub) :B2. "Unite!" (Airwave dub) :C1. "Unite!" (Airwave remix) :C2. "Appears" (Armin van Buuren's Sunset dub) :D1. "Unite!" (Moogwai dub) :D2. "Audience" (Darren Tate instrumental) German 12-inch vinyl (Part 1) :A. "M" (Above & Beyond Typhoon dub mix) :B. "M" (Above & Beyond vocal mix) German 12-inch vinyl (Part 2) :A1. "M" (Van Eyden vs. M.O.R.P.H. remix) – 7:31 :B1. "M" (Tectonic Shift vs. André Visior remix) – 7:55 :B2. "M" (Above & Beyond instrumental mix) – 7:47 German maxi-single # "M" (Above & Beyond edit) – 4:20 # "M" (Van Eyden vs. M.O.R.P.H. remix edit) – 4:19 # "M" (Tectonic Shift vs. André Visior remix edit) – 3:36 # "M" (Above & Beyond Vocal dub mix) – 8:11 # "M" (Above & Beyond Typhoon dub mix) – 8:31 # "M" (Above & Beyond vocal mix) – 8:01 ==Personnel== *Vocals: Ayumi Hamasaki *Melodic Composition: Ayumi Hamasaki (under the pseudonym "CREA")Takeuchi Cullen, Lisa. "Empress of Pop". TIME. Retrieved July 5, 2008. *Arrangement: HΛL *Mixing: Koji Morimoto *Production: Max Matsuura *Sound production: Naoto Suzuki *Production assisting: Yuka Akiyama *Mastering: Shigeo Miyamoto ==Charts== Chart (2000) Peak position Japan (Oricon Weekly Chart) 1 ==Release history== Country Release date Japan December 13, 2000 Europe October 27, 2003 ==References== *Walters, Barry. "Turning (Japanese) Point". Village Voice. May 5, 2002. Retrieved July 5, 2008. *The liner notes for "M" (Overseas CD version). Avex Trax. AVCD-30197 ==External links== * "M" information at Avex Network. * "M" information at Oricon. * Category:Ayumi Hamasaki songs Category:2000 singles Category:Oricon Weekly number-one singles Category:Songs written by Ayumi Hamasaki Category:Song recordings produced by Max Matsuura Category:2000 songs
M is the name of a professional analog videocassette format created around 1982 by Matsushita and RCA. Developed as a competitor to Sony's Betacam format, M used the same videocassette (and the same oxide-formulated magnetic tape stock) as VHS, much the same way that Betacam was designed to take advantage of cheap and readily available Betamax videocassettes, Like Betacam, M recorded component video and used a much faster linear tape speed. A cassette that would yield 120 minutes on a VHS VCR at SP speed would only yield 20 minutes on a M VCR. The format was called "M" due to the shape of the threading path of the tape around the helical scan video head drum, which resembles a letter M. (This is also how the U-matic format got its name, for its U-shaped tape path in the VCR.) The M-shaped tape path was retained from VHS. An example M VCR is the Panasonic AU-300B,"Panasonic AU 300 B Decoder Circuit ( SL 1)" service manual https://archive.org/details/panasonic- au-300-b-decoder-circuit-sl-1 also sold as the Ampex ARC-40, and the M format was also sold by Ampex as the ARC format.https://www.tvcameramuseum.org/pdfs/ampex/arc-10broc.pdf M had a similar 4-head recording system to Betacam, but the chrominance signals were recorded as two FM subcarriers of the main chrominance track FM carrier. M found little success in the professional/industrial video production market. This might have been due to RCA's Broadcast Products division, which marketed the M format in the United States under the "Hawkeye" brand name, going out of business in 1984. Thus NBC was one of the few broadcasters to use the format. Weak marketing by Matsushita for M might have been a factor as well. M was also marketed by Panasonic (a division of Matsushita) under the Recam (REcording CAMera) name, and by RCA as Hawkeye.comparing m/recam and arc specs with Hawkeye specs, all three specs are similar https://www.tvcameramuseum.org/rca/hawkeye/hc1/hc1p1.htmlhttps://www.tvcameramuseum.org/rca/hawkeye/hc1/pix/hr1recorder.pdf https://worldradiohistory.com/ARCHIVE-RCA/RCA-Broadcast-News/RCA-170.pdf https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Technical/Engineering- Broadcast/Archive-Broadcast-Engineering-IDX/BE/80s/BE-1982-10-OCR- Page-0090.pdf "Panasonic AU-100A Operating Instructions & Service Manual" https://archive.org/details/Panasonic-AU-100A-Operating-Instructions-and- Service-Manual M was succeeded in 1986 by the MII format developed by Panasonic, using a similar-sized cassette with completely different signal processing and a metal-particle tape formulation. ==See also== * MII (videocassette format) * Videotape format war == References == ==Sources== *lionlamb.us List of videotape formats past and present, with a mention of the M format *mediacollege.com The M Format *ultimatewebdesigning.com List of videotape formats past and present, the M format listed * Sony Betamax Case Report *DC Video on M *The History of Television, 1942 to 2000, page 194, By Albert Abramson, Christopher H. Sterling *Encyclopedia of television, Volume 1, page 251, By Horace Newcomb *The History of Television, 1942 to 2000, page 214, By Albert Abramson, Christopher H. Sterling, NBC use Category:Video storage
M was a virtual assistant by Facebook, first announced in August 2015, that claimed to automatically complete tasks for users, such as purchase items, arrange gift deliveries, reserve restaurant tables, and arrange travel. It was intended to compete with services such as Siri and Cortana. It came out after M closed that over 70% of requests were answered by human operators. By April 2017, M was available to a small test audience of 10,000 users. It worked inside the Facebook Messenger instant messaging service. If a user made a request for M, it used algorithms to determine what the user wanted. If M did not understand, a human took over the conversation, unbeknownst to the user. The project was run by Alex Lebrun, of chatbot startup Wit.ai, which was bought by Facebook. The project began in 2015. In April 2017 the MIT Technology Review called M "successful", although it noted that "M is so smart because it cheats." In April 2017, Facebook enabled "M Suggestions," based on the pure machine portion of M, for users in the United States. M Suggestions scanned chats for keywords and then suggested relevant actions. For example, a user writing "You owe me $20" to a friend might trigger M Suggestions to enable the user's friend to pay the user via Facebook's payment platform. In January 2018, Facebook announced that they would be discontinuing M. The company stated that what they learned from M would be applied to other artificial intelligence projects at Facebook. It came out after M's shutdown that no more than 30% of M's answers to requests had ever been served by the AI system; 70% or more were from the humans backing the system. ==References== Category:Virtual assistants Category:Natural language processing software Category:Webcams Category:Messenger (software) Category:Discontinued software Category:Facebook software
M 1-42 is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Sagittarius, 10 000 light-years away from Earth. The nebula has been nicknamed the "Eye of Sauron Nebula" due to its resemblance to the Lord of the Rings film artifact. ==References== Category:Planetary nebulae Category:Sagittarius (constellation)
M 24 was a political movement in the People's Republic of Congo. The grouping emerged from a strike organized on March 24, 1976. The March 24 strike had demanded the rehabilitation of the Central Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT). The leaders of the strike were arrested. The name 'M 24' was accorded by the Congolese Students Association (AEC) in France in reference to the coalition who backed the March 24 strike.Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy. Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique. Paris: Karthala, 1997. pp. 226-227, 251 Leading figures of the M 24 network include Pierre Nzé (former no. 2 of PCT), Jean-Jules Okabando (former leader of the Congolese Socialist Youth Union), Anatole Khondo and Nicodème Ekamba-Elombé (trade unionists).Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy. Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique. Paris: Karthala, 1997. p. 252 When a new PCT Central Committee was elected in 1979, two members of the M 24 network (Nzé and Okabando) were included.Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy. Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique. Paris: Karthala, 1997. pp. 262-263 The M 24 network was weakened in the mid-1980s as Denis Sassou Nguesso strengthened his influence, and Nzé was excluded from the government. In 1987 Nzé left the PCT Politburo. He was not included in the PCT Central Committee elected in 1989.Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy. Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique. Paris: Karthala, 1997. pp. 283-284, 287, 293 ==References== Category:Defunct political parties in the Republic of the Congo Category:History of the Republic of the Congo