Output: However, Zhu Bajie's lust for women led him to the Gao Family Village, where he posed as a handsome young man and helped defeat a group of robbers who tried to abduct a maiden. Eventually, the family agreed to let Zhu Bajie marry the maiden. But during the day of the wedding, he drank too much alcohol and accidentally returned to his original form. Being extremely shocked, the villagers ran away, but Zhu Bajie wanted to keep his bride, so he told the bride's father that if after one month the family still did not agree to let him keep the bride, he would take her by force. He also locked the bride up in a separate building. At this point, Tang Sanzang and Sun Wukong arrived at the Gao Family Village and helped defeat him. Renamed Zhu Bajie by Tang Sanzang, he consequently joined the pilgrimage to the West.


Output:
His weapon of choice is the jiuchidingpa ("nine-tooth iron rake"). He is also capable of 36 transformations and can travel on clouds, but not as fast as Sun Wukong. However, Zhu is noted for his fighting skills in the water, which he used to combat Sha Wujing, who later joined them on the journey. He is the second strongest member of the team.[citation needed]

Pigsy's lust for women, extreme laziness, and greediness, made his spirituality the lowest in the group, with even the White Dragon Horse achieving more than him, and he remained on Earth and was granted the title "Cleaner of the Altars," with the duty of cleaning every altar at every Buddhist temple for eternity by eating excess offerings.


Output:
Sha Wujing/Sandy
Main article: Sha Wujing
Sha Wujing (沙悟淨, "Sand Awakened to Purity"), given the name "Friar Sand", "Sand Monk", "Sandman", "Sand Fairy", "Sand Orc", "Sand Ogre", "Sand Troll", "Sand Oni", "Sand Demon", "Sand Monster", "Sand Hulk", "Sand", or "Sandy" in English, was once a celestial Curtain Lifting General, who stood in attendance by the imperial chariot in the Hall of Miraculous Mist. He was exiled to the mortal world and made to look like a sandman, orc, ogre, troll, oni, demon, monster, or hulk because he accidentally smashed a crystal goblet belonging to the Queen Mother of the West during a Peach Banquet. The now-hideous immortal took up residence in the Flowing Sands River, terrorizing surrounding villages and travelers trying to cross the river. However, he was subdued by Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie when Tang Sanzang's party came across him. They consequently took him in, as part of the pilgrimage to the West.


Output:
Sha Wujing's weapon is a magic wooden staff wrapped in pearly threads, although artwork and adaptations depict him with a Monk's spade staff. He also knows 18 transformation methods and is highly effective in water combat. He is known to be the most obedient, logical, and polite of the three disciples, and always takes care of his master, seldom engaging in the bickering of his fellow disciples. He has no major faults nor any extraordinary characteristics. Due to this, he is sometimes seen as a minor character. He does however serve as the peacekeeper of the group, mediating between Wukong, Bajie, and even Tang Sanzang and others. He is also the person whom Tang Sanzang consults when faced with difficult decisions.

He eventually becomes an arhat at the end of the journey, giving him a higher level of exaltation than Zhu Bajie, who is relegated to cleaning altars, but lower spiritually than Sun Wukong and Tang Sanzang, who are granted Buddhahood.


Output:
Sequels
The brief satirical novel Xiyoubu (西遊補, "A Supplement to the Journey to the West," c. 1640) follows Sun Wukong as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (情, qing). Sun travels back and forth through time, during which he serves as the adjunct King of Hell and judges the soul of the recently dead traitor Qin Hui during the Song dynasty, takes on the appearance of a beautiful concubine and causes the downfall of the Qin dynasty, and even faces Pāramitā, one of his five sons born to the rakshasa Princess Iron Fan,[b] on the battlefield during the Tang dynasty.[14] The events of Xiyoubu take place between the end of chapter 61 and the beginning of chapter 62 of Journey to the West.[15] The author, Dong Yue (董說), wrote the book because he wanted to create an opponent—in this case desire—that Sun could not defeat with his great strength and martial skill.[16]


Output:
Notable English-language translations
Abridged
Arthur Waley. For many years, this was the most well-known translation available in English. The Waley translation has also been published as Monkey to the WestMonkey: Folk Novel of China, and The Adventures of Monkey
Andrew H. Plaks
Unabridged
Media adaptations
Main article: List of media adaptations of Journey to the West
Saiyūki (西遊記), also known by its English title Monkey and commonly referred to by its title song, "Monkey Magic," is a Japanese television series starring Masaaki Sakai, produced by Nippon TV and International Television Films in association with NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) and broadcast from 1978 to 1980 on Nippon TV. It was translated into English by the BBC.

In the 1980s, China Central Television (CCTV) produced and aired a TV adaptation of Journey to the West under the same name as the original work. A second season was produced in the late 1990s covering portions of the original work that the first season skipped over.


Output:
In 1988, the Japanese anime series Doraemon released a movie named Doraemon: The Record of Nobita's Parallel Visit to the West which is based on the same story.

In 1997, Brooklyn-based jazz composer Fred Ho premiered his jazz opera Journey to the East, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, which he developed into what he described as a "serial fantasy action-adventure music/theater epic," Journey Beyond the West: The New Adventures of Monkey. Ho's pop-culture infused take on the story of the Monkey King has been performed to great acclaim.[citation needed]

It also made its way to the Mass Electronic Entertainment Media (Reimagined Video game adaptation) in 2009, titled Enslaved: Odyssey to the West, which was released in October 2010 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. It was developed by Ninja Theory and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The main protagonist 'Monkey' is portrayed by Andy Serkis.


Output:
On 20 April 2017, Australia's ABC, TVNZ, and Netflix announced production was underway in New Zealand on a new live-action television series, The New Legends of Monkey, to premiere globally in 2018. The series, which is based on Journey to the West, is made up of 10 half-hour episodes. While there has been enthusiasm for the new series, it has also attracted some criticism for "whitewashing,"[26] since none of the core cast are of Chinese descent, with two of the leads having Tongan ancestry[27] while only one, Chai Hansen, is of half-Asian (his father is Thai) descent.[28]

More recently in 2017, Viki and Netflix hosted a South Korean show called A Korean Odyssey; a modern comedy retelling that begins with the release of Sun Wukong/Son O-Gong and the reincarnation of Tang Sanzang/Samjang.


Output:
In August 2020, Game Science Studios announced a video game called Black Myth: Wukong.[29] It was released on 20 August 2024 for PlayStation 5 and PC. It is also slated to release at a later date for the Xbox Series X/S. The plot of the game is set after the main events of the novel.

On May 16, 2020, The Lego Group released the theme, Lego Monkie Kid, to which Journey of the West was credited as the main inspiration, featuring many characters from the original work. Four days later on May 20, an animated television series pilot was released to coincide with the theme, and was later picked up for production and released serially starting in September 2020.


Output:
Journey to the West Library
This blog site, Journey to the West Library, serves as a platform for exploration into the renowned 16th-century Chinese classic novel, Journey to the West (xiyouji, 西游记, lit: records of the journey west).This site will host a range of studies, research, lists, theories, along with other miscellaneous features on all things Journey to the WestMore articles will be published with time, so please check back for updates.
Overview of Journey to the West
Contents:
Historical Background
Authorship
Main Characters
Novel Outline - The Four Parts
Part 1: Monkey's Story
Part 2: Tang's Story
Part 3: The Journey
Part 4: Journey's End
Notes
[Src. 1] The cover of Anthony C. Yu's first volume of his famed revised English translation, The Journey to the West (2012)
1. Historical Background
[Src. 2] Classic TV adaptations of the Four Classic Novels; (from top-left, clockwise) Three Kingdoms, Red Chamber, Water Margin & Journey West


Output:
Journey to the West is one of the Four Great Classic Novels (sida mingzhu, 四大名著) [1] of China and has been recognised as a masterpiece since its publication in 1592, during China's Ming dynasty (1368-1644, 明朝). The novel itself is loosely based on the historical pilgrimage of the monk Xuanzang (玄奘) in the 7th century, 627-645 to be exact, on a similar quest to seek Buddhist sutras in India.
[Src. 3] A modern depiction of the monk Xuanzang in a 2016 historical film


Output:
Stories of the iconic Monkey King and his companionship with Xuanzang have been a part of Chinese folklore, going all the way back to even the Song dynasty (960-1279, 宋朝). The oldest forms of primary evidence for this are from cave paintings in China's Gansu province (甘肃), depicting a "Monkey Pilgrim (hou xingzhe, 猴行者)" with a monk master, dating back to the 11th century [src. 4-6].Stories of the Monkey Pilgrim were passed on through word of mouth. These folk tales were already a part of Chinese folk culture before it was converted and popularised into the 100-chapter novel that we know today, introducing to us some of the most iconic figures in Chinese culture. These, of course, include our four protagonists, with the story lead by the one and only Monkey King!
[Src. 4] A cave painting of the Monkey Pilgrim with his monk master


Output:
The story of Journey to the West became popular to all, even in the Western world, with many translations throughout the past decades in not just English, but a diversity of languages [2]. References of this famous story have appeared in many novel, television, movie, comic and game adaptations, with most of these simply having the iconic Monkey King as a basis. Journey to the Westis no doubt one of the greatest, if not  greatest, novels of all time.
2. Authorship
[Src. 7] A painted portrait of Wu Cheng'en [artist & date unknown]


Output: Since fiction was not a prestigious genre in classic Chinese literature, the authorship of fiction novels were not carefully attributed and soon became unknowable. The author of Journey to the West is still in some sense, uncertain, especially with the fact that the novel was first published anonymously. The novel has been popularly attributed to Wu Cheng'en (c. 1500-1582, 吴承恩), ever since a local newsletter article in 1625 from Wu's hometown claims so. It is interesting to note that the novel was published in 1592, while Wu Cheng'en's death date is marked in 1582. That's 10 whole years before the novel was published by the Shidetang (世德堂) publishing house. The novel was indeed published anonymously at first, most likely due to the fact that there were set rules during that time, regarding what could or could not be written as literature. During and before Wu's time, in the Ming Dynasty, there has always been a trend in literary writing. Literature was supposed to written in "classical Chinese (guwen, 古文)",


Output: to written in "classical Chinese (guwen, 古文)", a form of archaic Chinese popularised during the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 BC, chunqiu, . Classical Chinese has also become to be known as "literary Chinese", and is traditionally used in pieces of formal literature. The opposite of literary Chinese is "vernacular Chinese (baihua wen, 白话文)", which is just the written form of informal spoken Mandarin Chinese. Wu Cheng'en allegedly went against the classical Chinese trend of the time, by writing his Journey to the West in vernacular Chinese, and because this was against the cultural standards of literature, the novel was published anonymously. For nearly 300 years, Journey to the West


Output:
Regardless of authorship, Wu has been popularly recognised as the author of Journey to the West, and his name, Wu Cheng'en, has become inextricably linked with the novel.
[Src. 8] A 2010 TV series, telling the story of Wu Cheng'en and his connection with Journey to the West; famed Monkey actor Liu Xiao Ling Tong plays both Sun Wukong and Wu Cheng'en
3. Main Characters
Below is a short list of the major characters that appear in Journey to the West. They will not require further introduction when mentioned in articles. Note that since the novel is highly based on theology and folklore, these main characters are all from either the Buddhist or Daoist pantheon.
[Src. 10]
Chen Xuanzang (陈玄奘) [3] - Tang SanzangTripitaka
[Src. 11]
Sun Wukong [4] (孙悟空) - Pilgrim Sun (sun xingzhe, 孙行者) - Monkey
[Src. 12]
Zhu Wuneng (猪悟能) - Zhu Bajie/Eight-Rules [5] (猪八戒) - Pigsy
[Src. 13]
Sha Wujing (沙悟净) - Monk Sha (sha heshang, 沙和尚) -
[Src. 14]
White Dragon Horse (bai longma, 白龙马)
[8] (guanyin pusa, 观音菩萨)
[Src. 16]


Output:
[8] (guanyin pusa, 观音菩萨)
[Src. 16]
Tathagata [9] Buddha [10] (rulai fo, 如来佛)
[Src. 17]
The Great August Jade Emperor (yuhuang dadi, 玉皇大帝)
[Src. 18]
Supreme Exalted [11] Lord Lao (taishang laojun, 太上老君) - Laozi[12]
Venus the Gold Star [13] (taibai jinxing, 太白金星)
[Src. 20]
Pagoda-Bearing Devaraja [14] (tuota tianwang, 托塔天王) - Heavenly King Li
[Src. 21]
Patriarch Subodhi (xuputi zushi, 须菩提祖师)
4. Novel Outline - The Four Parts
When talking about Journey to the West, the 100-chapter novel can be divided into 4 major parts, each telling a different section of the novel.These 4 parts do not refer to the four volumes that Anthony C. Yu or W.J.F. Jenner have published their Journey to the West in, nor do they refer to each set of 25 chapters of the novel's 100.
A simple full summary of the whole novel can be found on this blog here:
3.1. Part 1: Monkey's Story
Chapters:1 - 7 (7 chapters)
Monkey's birth [src. 22]
Monkey searches and receives an education of divine abilities
Monkey's famed havoc in Heaven [src. 23]


Output:
Monkey's famed havoc in Heaven [src. 23]
Monkey is imprisoned under the mountain by the Buddha
[Src. 24] Tripitaka's mother watches as she is forced to drift her son out onto a river [JTTW, 1986]
4.2. Part 2: The Story of the Tang's
Chapters:8 - 12 (5 chapters)
Tripitaka's parents' tragic story
Tripitaka's birth [src. 24] and childhood
Tripitaka avenges his parents' fate
The Dragon King of Jing River's execution [src. 25]
Taizong's trip to the Underworld [src. 26]
Guanyin searches for a scripture collector
4.3. The Journey
Chapters:13 - 97 (85 chapters)
Tripitaka leaves Chang'an and begins his pilgrimage
Monkey, Pigsy and Sandy are taken in as disciples to escort and protect Tripitaka
Enduring the many tribulations set as obstacles on their journey to reach their goal
4.4. Journey's End
98 - 100 (3 chapters)
Arrival at Spirit Mountain
Scriptures are given by the Buddha
Return to the Tang empire [src. 30]
Attaining Buddhahood / sainthood [src. 31]
- Notes


Output: [1] These are the four greatest works of Chinese literature, considered masterpieces by people for generations. In order of publication date, these four novels are: Water Margin (shuihu zhuan, 水浒传), Romance of the Three Kingdoms (sanguo yanyi. 三国演义), A range of foreign language translations of Journey to the West can be found in PDF, archived by Jim R. McClanahan of the Journey to the West Research blog, here:PDFs of Journey to the West Translations[3] Chen Xuanzang (陈玄奘)For more info on why Tripitaka's name may seem unconventional, see:A Misconception: "Tang Xuanzang" is Tripitaka's Wrong Name[4]  (孙悟空)Literal meaning (Chinese): macaque awakened to vacuity/emptiness.[5] BajieAlso translated as: eight proscriptions, Eight Rules (Yu, 2012).The eight precepts (i.e. forbidden acts) of Buddhism are: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, drinking alcohol, using cosmetics (e.g. makeup), using personal comforts (e.g. a fine bed) and eating outside of regulated hours.Tripitaka [...] Monkey [...] Pigsy


Output: hours.Tripitaka [...] Monkey [...] Pigsy [...] SandyThese English names were originally created by Arthur Waley. Since they are so well known to English readers, I have chosen to adopt them here, throughout this website.[7] Bodhisattva (बोधिसत्त्व, 菩萨)A Bodhisattva is a status in the Buddhist pantheon. These deities are those who have successfully reached enlightenment, but does not attain full Buddhahood due to the delay of them remaining in compassion for the sufferings in the world.[8] GuanyinBodhisattva Guanyin is the Chinese counterpart of the Sanskrit deity Avalokiteshvara. She is usually depicted as a female in Chinese culture.[9] Tathagata (තථාගත, 如来)Tathagata is actually a rank rather than a name for a Buddha. Tathagata is the highest status for a Buddha and refers to one who has completely perfected all principles of Buddhism. It can also be used as a pronoun when a Tathagata Buddha refers to themselves. In the context of [10] BuddhaA Buddha is the highest rank for an individual of the Buddhist


Output: highest rank for an individual of the Buddhist pantheon. It is a title given to those who have found enlightenment and reached nirvana.[11]  (太上)Supreme Exalted is an honorific title used to address high ranking members of the Daoist pantheon.[12] Laozi (老子)Laozi is the venerable name of Li Er (c. 571-442 BC?, 李耳), the founder of the religion Daoism.[13] Gold Star (金星)Also translated as: metal star.In Chinese, the five planets orbiting closest to the Sun (excluding Earth) are named after the five elements (wuxing, 五行) of water, metal, fire, wood and earth respectively for the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Though "Metal Star" would be the most accurate translation here for Venus' name, I have chosen to use the more popularly known "Gold Star" as a direct translation, rather than its Daoist alchemic connection.[14] Devaraja天王)Literal meaning (Sanskrit): god king.Also known as: Heavenly King.


Output: Proudly powered by Weebly