THE 




Reprefenting tlie 

Fabulous FI r s 


OF THE 

EATHEN 


AND 


TORIES 


GODS. 


Moft Uluftaious Heroes; 


I N 


A Short, Plain, and Familiar Method 

by Way of Dialogue. 


Revifed, Corrected, Amended, and llluftrated 

with new Copper Cuts of the feveral Deities. 



For the XJfe of Schools. 


By ANDREW,? O O K E, A. M 

late Profeflor of Geometry in Grefiam College, and 
Matter of the Charter-House-School. 



LONDON: 

Printed forC, Bathurst, J. Rivikgton, 
B. Law, G. Keith, S. B l a d o n, 

G. Robinson, R. Baldwin, 

and W. Stuart. 

MDCCLXXVIII. 


v n 






^the Parts of this Work: 


H E Approach of the Pantheon 




PART I. 


Of die Celefiial or Heavenly Gods 
The Celeftial Goddefles «— 



Page S 


30 

86 


PART XI. 


Of the Terreflrial or Earthly Gods 
The Terreftrial Goddefies — 
The Goddehes of the Woods 

The Nymphs —-- 

The Inferior Deities ■ 




137 

167 

209 

2 23 
228 


PART Ilf. 


Of the Marine Gods, or Gods of the Sea 
The Monfters of the Sea - ■ 


231 

2 39 


PART IV. 


Of the Infernal Deities 
The Fates 
The Furies 
The Judges of Hell 


. w W 

The molt- famous of the Condemn’d in 
The Monfters of Hell 
The EljJian Fields 


Hell 


245 

257 

2 59 

262 

263 
272 

2 75 


PART V. 

Of the Subordinate and Mifcellaneous Deities — 277 

♦ 

PART VI. 


Of the Adfcriptitious Gods, Demi-Gods, and Heroes 
An^AppENDix of the Virtues and Vices which have 


294 

been 

341 



T O 



TO THE 




A 





© 


3 <rr>lS confefs'd , that there are already mafiy Boohs pub^ 
^ liftf don the prefent Subject, two or three of which 
are in our own ! Tongue ; and thofe , 'without doubt , with, 
hy fome Men , thought enough : Buff nee this can be the - 

'Opinion but of a few , and thofe. unexperienced People , *£ 
been judg'd more proper to regard the Advice oj many 
grave Perfons of known Skill hi the Art of Teaching* 
who, though they ?mtft acknowledge that Goodwin, in his 
Antiquities, has done very well in the Whole , yet can't 
but own that he has been too Jhort in this Point: ‘That 
JRofie alfo , thd 3 he deferves Commendation for his Mytbo~ 
logy, is yet very tedious , and as much too large ; and that 
Galtruchius, as D’Afiigny has tranflated and dift) dhim 
out to us,> is fo Corfu fed and artlefs in his Method? as welt 
as unfortunate in his Corrections? that it in no wife an - 
fwers the Purpofe it was defign d for\ and hereupon this 
Work was recommended to be tranfated , being firjl well 
approved by learned Gentlemen , as is above-mentioned ^, for 
its eafy Method , and agreeable Plainnefs • Befdes , it 

having been written by fo leaved a P erf on , and that for 
the UJe of fo great a Prince, and fo univefciUy received in 
our neighbour Nations , as to have fold fever a l Impreffions 
in a Jhort Time , there was no room to doubt of its being well 
receiv'd here . As for the Quotations out of the Latin Poets, 
it was confidedd a while , whether they jhQuid.be tranfated 
or not, but is was , at iajl? judg'd proper to print them in 
Lnglifh, cither from thofe who already i ender 9 d them well? 
or? vjhsre they could not 'be had? to give a new Tranfia- 

A 2, tian 



To the Reader; 


Aon of them-) that fo nothing of the whole TJAork might h& 
out of the Reach of the young Scholar's TJnderftcmding, for 
whofe Benefit chiefly as this Verflon was intended, fo, in 
this loft hnprefflon, Care has been taken, not only to move 
the Citations to the Ends of the Pages, Sections, or Chap¬ 
ters, ivhicb before lying in the Body of the Dijcourfe, and 
making Part of it, the Senfe was greatly interrupted, the 
Connexion diflnrVd, and thereby a Confufion oft-ti?nes 
created in the JJnderfl an dings offome of thofe younger Scho¬ 
lars, into zvhoje Hands it was put, byfucb an undue and 
improper Mixture of Englifh and Latin, of Profe and 
Verfc ; but farther, to make it Jlill ?nore plain andfasniiiar, 
and thereby better failed to their Capacity, and snore proper 
for their Ufe, fuel? ambiguous Expreffions and obfeure 
Phrafcs have been removed, and fuch perplex'd Periods 
rectified , as had been found, either to caufe Mifunderfland- 
ing of the Author's Meaning-, or to lead the Scholar into 
Barbarifm, in rendering any Part of it into Latin, when 
fuch Tranflations have been impofedas a Pafk* And laflly, 
a complete andfignificant Index, hiflead of a verbal one 
before, has been added to this hnpreffion, whereby any Thing 
material in the whole Book may be readily found out; the 
Uffulncfs. of which need not be mention'd here, flnee the 
JVant of it, in all former Editions, has been hitherto fo . 
much (and fo jtifily) complain'd of by mofi of thofe many 
JMaJlers who have made ufe hereoffn their Schools . 


C har te r-h o u fe, 
June 30,1713. 


Andrew Tooke. 



OF 



OF THE 





OF THE 


A T H E N 



CHAP. I. 

The Approach to the Pantheon. 

Idolatry. 


The Original of 


PALJEOPHILUS. 

Sort of Building is that before 
^ ^ 5 , us, of fo unufual a Figure ? For, I 

C? think it is round, unlefs the Diftance 

^ ^ deceives my Sight. 

W a*? Myftagogus . You are not deceived. 

It is a Place well deferving to be vifited 

__ O 

in this, the §)ueen of Cities. Let us go and view it, 
before we go to any other Place. 

P . What t is its Name ? 

JW. The Fabulous Pantheon . That is, the "Temple of 
the Heathen Gods , which the fuperftitious Folly of all 
Men hath feigned, cither through a grofs Ignorance 
of the true and only God, or through a deteftable 
Contempt of him. 

P. What was the Occafion of the feigning of many 
Gods ? 

B M. Many 





2 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

M. Many Caufes thereof may be afligned, but 3 thefe 
four were the principal ones, upon which, as upon-fo 
many Pillars, the whole Frame of the Fabrick depends, 

1. The firjl Canfe of Idolatry was the extreme Folly b 
and Vain-glory of Aden, who have denied to Him, who- 
is the inexhaufted Fountain of all Good, the Honours* 
which they have attributed to muddy Streams : Digg¬ 
ings c as the holy Prophet complains, to themfelves 
broken and dirty Cijlerns , and neglecting and forfakbig 
the moji pure Fountain of living Waters . It ordinarily 
happened after this Manner: d if any one did excel 
in Stature of Body ; if he was endued with Great- 
nefs of Min'd ; or noted forClearnefs of c Wit, hefirft 
gained to himfelf the Admiration of the ignorant Vul- 
gar, which Admiration was by Degrees turned into a 
profound Refpeft; till at length they paid him greater 
Honour than Men ought to receive, and aferibed the 
Man into the Number of the Gods ; whilft the more. 
Prudent were either carried away by the Torrent of 
the vulgar Opinion, or were unable, or at leaft afraid, 
to refift it. 

2. The fordid Flattery of Subjects towards their Princes 
was a fecond Caufe of Idolatry . For, to gratify their V a- 
nity, to flatter their Pride, and to footh them in their 
Self-conceit, they erefted Altars, and fet the Images 
of their Princes on them ; to which they offered ln- 
cenfe, in like Manner as-to their Gods $ f and ma¬ 
ny Times alfo, while they were yet living. 

3. A third Caufe of Idolatry vjos an & immoderate 
Love of Immortality in many , who ftudied to attain'to 
It, by leaving EfHgies of themfelves behind them ; 


a Vid. Eufcb. Ladlant. Clem. Auguft. Plat. Cic. b Sap. 
xlv, 14. c jerem ii. 13. d Diodor. lib. 17. Plutarch, in 
JLyfand. e Val. Max. 1 . 8. c. ult. Cic. derep.apud. Aug. 
3. de civ. cap. 15. * Athcn. lib. 6. deipnofoph. cap. 6. 

de Demetrio Poliorcete. Sueton. in Julio, c. 76, & 84. 
b Pontan. I. 1. c. dc Saturn. 

3 




ima- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 

imagining that their Names would .ftill be preferved 
from the Power of Death and Time, fo .long as they 
lived in Brafs, or, as it were, breathed in living Sta¬ 
tues of Marble, after their Funerals. 

4i 11 A prepofterous Defre of perpetuating the Memo¬ 
ries of excellent and ufefiil Men to future Ages, was the 
fourth Caufe of Idolatry . 1 For, to make the Memory 

of fuch Men eternal, and their Names immortal, 
they made them Gods , or rather called them fo. 

P . But, who was the fir ft Contriver and AfTertor 
of Falfe Gods ? 

M* k Nhiusy the firft King of the Affyrians, was, as 
it is reported ; who, to render the Name of his Fa¬ 
ther BeluSy or Nimrody immortal, worfhipped him 
with Divine Honour after his Death. 

t • 

P . When, and in what Manner, do they fay that 
happened ? 

M. I will tell you. After that Nmus had conquered 
many Nations far and near, and built the City, called, 
after his Name, Niniveh; in a public Aflembly of the 
Babyloniansy he extolled his Father BeluSy the Founder 
of the City and Empire of Babylon, beyond all Meafure, 
as his Manner was; and reprefenting him, not only wor¬ 
thy of perpetual Honour among all Pofterity, but of an 
Immortality alfo among the Gods above : 1 hen he ex¬ 
hibited a Statue of him, that was curioufly and neatly 
made, to which he commanded them to pay the fame 
Reverence that they would have given to Belus alive ; . 
and, appointing it to be a common Saiuftuary to the 
miferable, he ordained, That if at anyTimean Offender 
fhould fly to this Statue, it fhould not be lawful to 
force him away from thence to Puniftime'nt. This 
Privilege eafily procured fo great a Veneration to the 
dead Prince, that he was thought more than a Man, 

I mi «i—»—I ■ —— Ml l— « h n i— 

11 Thucydid. I. 7. Plutarch. Apophth. Laccn. 4. Cic. 1. 
de nat. Deor. 1 Sap. 14, 1 1 Vid. Annal. Salian. anno 

2000, k Hier. in Esech. (2 in Ofeam. 

B 2 


and 


4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

♦ 

and therefore was created a God, and called Jupiter ; 
or, as others write, Saturn of Babylon ; where a moft 
magnificent Temple was erected to him by his Son* 
and dedicated with Variety of Sacrifices in the two 
thoufandth Year of the World* which was the Iaft 
Year but one of the Life of Noah. And from thence,, 
as from a Peftilential Head, the Sacrilegious Plague of 
Idols pafTed, by a Kind of Contagion, into other Na¬ 
tions, and difperfed itfelf every where about. 

P. What ! Did all other Natrons of the World 
worfhip Belus ? 

M. All, indeed, did not worfhip Belus ; but, after 
this Beginning of Idolatry, feveral Nations formed to 
themfelves feveral Gods ; receiving into that Number 
not only mortal and dead Men, but Brutes alfo ; and, 
which is a greater Wonder, even the moft mean and 
pitiful inanimate Things. For, it is evident, from the 
Authority of innumerable Writers, that the Africans 
worfhipped the Heavens, as a God ; the Perfans adored 
Fire, Water, and the Winds; the Lybians , the Sun and 
Moon ; the Thebans , Sheep and Weefels : the Babylo¬ 
nians of Memphis , a Whale; the Inhabitants of Mendes , 
a Goat; the Thejfalians , Storks \ the Syrophcenicians , 
Doves; the Egyptians , Dogs, Cats, Crocodiles, and 
Hawks; nay. Leeks, Onions, and Garlick. Which 
moft fenfelefs Folly 1 Juvenal wittily expofes. 

P. But certainly the ancient Inhabitants and moft 
wife Citizens of Rome did not fo fottifhly receive thofe 
Images of Vain Gods, as thofe Barbarous Nations did, 
to whom they were fuperior, not in Arms only and 
Humanity, but in Wit and Judgment. 


3 O fan Si as genus quibus hac nafcuntur in bortis Nu- 
min a . 

Religious Nations fure y and blefs’d Abodes, 

Where ev’ry Orchard is o’er-run with Gods, 

Juru* Lib. v. Ver. 591. 

M . You 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 'g 

M* You are miftaken, Sir ; for they exceeded ever* 
thofe Barbarians in this Sort of Folly, 

P. Say you fo ? 

Af. Indeed. For they reckoned among their Gods, 
and adored not. only Beafts and Things void of all 
Senfe $ but, which is far greater Madnefs, they wor* 
fhipped alfo Murderers, Adulterers, Thieves, Drunk¬ 
ards, Robbers, and fuch-like Pejis of Mankind. 

P. How many, and what Kind of Gods did the 
Romans worfhip ? 

M . It is fcarce pofiible to recount them : When^ 
belides their own Country Gods and Family Gods, 
all ftrange Gods, that came to the City, were made 
free of it. Whence it came to pafs, in Time, that, 
when they faw their Precinfis too narrow to contain 
fo many, Necefiity forced them to fend their Gods into 
Colonies , as they did their Men. But thefe Things, 
which I c.urforily tell you, you will fee more conve¬ 
nient! y and pleafantly by and by, with your own 
Eyes, when you come into this Pantheon with me $ 
where we are now at the Door* Let us enter* 


CHAR IL 

% 

The Entrance into the Pantheon*. A 

button of the Gods into feveral Clafles. 

A O O D God ! What a Crowd of dead Deities 
\J is here, if all thefe are Deities, whofe 
gures I fee painted and defcribed upon the Walls \ 
M. This is the fmalleft Part of therm For the 
very Walls of the City, although it be fo large, much 
iefs the Walls of this Temple, cannot contain even 
their Titles . 

P* Were all thefe Gods of the fame Order and 
Dignity ? 

M. By no means. But as th e Roman People were 

B 3 dif- 


6 Of the Gods of Heathens. 

J 

diftributed into three Ranks ; namely, of a Senators or 
Noblemen , Knights or Gentlemen , Plel elans or Citizens \ 
as alfo into b Noble, New-raifed , and Ignoble ; (of which 
the Nejv-raiJed re thofe, who did not receive their 
Nobility from their Anceftors, but obtained it them- 
felves by their own Virtue ;) io the Roman Gods were 

divided, as it were, into three ClaJJes . > 

• # • * * « ^ 

The firjl Clafs is of c Superior Gods ; for the Peo¬ 
ple paid to them a higher Degree of Worfhip, becaufe 
they imagined that thefe Gods were more eminently 
employed in the Government of this World. Thefe 
were called alfo d SeleSf ; becaufe they had always had 
the Title of Celejlial Gods , and were famous and 
eminent above others, of extraordinary Authority and 
Renown. Twelve of thefe were {filed e Conjentes ; 
becaufe, in Affairs of great Importance, 'Jupiter ad¬ 
mitted them into his Council. The Images of thefe 
were fixed* in the Forum at Rome : Six of them were 
Malesi and fix Females; commonly, without other 
Additions,'called the Twelve Gods; and whofe 
Name Ennius comprifes in f a Diftich. 

Thefe Twelve Gods were believed to prefide over the 
Twelve Months \ to each of them was allotted a Month; 
January to Juno , February to Neptune , March to Mi- 
rterva r April to Venus , May to- Apollo , June to Mercury , 

• 1 


a Patricii, Equites, & Plebeii. b Nobiles, Novi, & Ig- 
nobiles. Cic. pro Murom. c Dii Majorum Gentium. d Se- 
Ie£ti. c Confentes, quail Confentientes. Settee. 1 . 2. Quaeff. 
Nat. Lucian, dial.de Deorum concil. Plaut. in Epidico. 

f Juno, Veft a, Minerva, Ceres , Diana, Venus, Mars, 
JAercurius t Neptunits, Jupiter, Vulcanits, Apollo . 

Dempiter, Paralip. ad c. 3. 

In pofteriore hoc verfu alii legunt Jovis, non Jupiter ; & 
melius meojudicio: olim enim Jovis in nominativo dice- 
bat u r, elisa, metri gratia, ultima liter a. Rofin. Antiq. 



i 


Of the Gods f the Heathens . J 

yMy to Jupiter , Augujl to Ceres? September to Vulcan? 
October to Mars , JSfove?nber to Diana? Deee?nber to 
Vejla. s 1 hey like wife p redded over the twelve Ce- 
ieffial Signs. And if to thefe twelve DU Confentes you 
add the eight following, Janus? Saiurnus , Ge?iius , Sol , 
Pluto , Bacchus , Tellus , and Luna, you will have twen¬ 
ty, that is, all the Seledi Gods, 

The fcconclQXtfs contains the Gods of lower Rank 
and Dignity, who were failed DU Ad in or tun Gentium $ 
becaufe they £hine with a lefs Degree of Glory, and 
have been placed among the Gods, as h Tully fays, by 
their own Merits* Whence they are called alfo 1 Ad- 
feriptitii Adinufcularii? k Putatitii and 1 lndigetes ; be¬ 
caufe now they wanted nothing; or becaufe, being 
tranflated from this Earth into Heaven, they converfed 
with the Gods ; or being fixed, as it were, to certain 
Places, committed peculiarly to their Care, they dwelt 
an them, to perform -the Duty entruited to them n *. 
Thus Mneas was made a God by his Mother Venus ., in 
the Manner deferibed by Ovid n . 

The Gods of the third and lower Clafs are fame- 



* 

£ Man'dii Aftron. 1 2. h De Naturd Deo rum , 1.2. IVar, 
apud Augtft . k Lucian, dial . de Dcor . cone, 1 lndigetes quod 
nullius rei indigerent, quod in Diis agerent, vel quod in iis 
(fc, locis) degerent. Str-v- in 12. Ain, Liv.L I* 
n Luftration genifrix diajino corpus odore 

Ufixity id A mb r oft a cum dulci Neel are mixta 
Contigit OS' fecitque Deum ,. quern turba S^uii'ini 
Nuncupat. Indigetem , temploque, arifque recepit • 

His Mother,then his Body purify’d. 

Anoints with facred Odours, and his Lips 
In Ne&ar mingled with Amhrofta dips ; 

So deify ? d ; which Indiges Rome calls. 

Honour’d with Altars, Shrines, and Feftivals, 

Met am, 1 . 14. 

B 4 times 


8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

* 

times called ° Jldinuti , Vefci , and Mlfcellanei , but more 
ufually p Semones^ whofe Merits were not fufficient to 
gain them a Place among the Celejli a l Gods \ yet their 
Virtues were fuch, that the People thought them fu- 
perior to mortal Men. They were called * Patellarii 
from certain fmall r Difhes, in which the Ancients 
offered to the Gods their Sacrifices, of which s Ovid 
makes mention. 

To thefe we ought to adjoin the Gods called l No- 
'vtnfiles^ which the Sabines brought to Romeby the Com¬ 
mand of King Tatius 5 and which were fo named, as 
fome fay, becaufe they u were lateft of all reckoned 
among the Gods ; or becaufe they were w Prefidents 
over the Changes, by which the Things of this World 
fubfift. Circius believes them to have been the flrange 
Gods of coyiquered Nations ; whereof the Numbers were 
fo vaft, that it was thought fit to call them, all in ge- 
ral, x Novenjiles, left they fhould forget any of them. 
And laftly, to this Clafs alfo muft we refer thofe Gods 
and GoddefTes, by whofe Help and Means, as y Tally 
fays. Men are advanced to Heaven, and obtain a Place 
among the Gods ; of which Sort are the principal Vir¬ 
tues, as we fhall particularly fhew in its proper Place. 


0 Horat. I. 3. carm. p Semones vulgo dicebantur quafi 
Semi-homines, antiqui enim kominem dice bant hemonetn . Ap. 
Guther.!. r. cap. 4. de jur. Man. Lipf. 1 . 2. ant. left. 2. 
28. * Plautus ini Ciffdl. r Fulgent. Placid, ad Chalcid. 

5 Fert mijfos Vejlsepura patella ethos. Ovid. Fall. 1 , 6. 
To Vejia's Deity, with humble Mefs. 

In cleanly Difh ferv’d up, they now addrefs. 

* Liv. 1 . 8. Varro de Lingua Lat. 11 Quod novifiimi 
omnium inter Deos numerati ilnt. w Novitatum prsefldes, 
quod omnia novitate consent aut redin tegrentur. A pud 
Gyrald. Synt. 5. * Arnob. 3. adv. Gentes. y De Nat. 

Deor. 1 . 2. 


CHAP. 


Gods of the Heathens « 
CHAR III. 

A View of the Pantheon. A in ore commodious 

Divijion of the Gods . 

P. T Caft my Eyes very curioufly every where about 
JL me, and yet I do not fee the three Clajfes of the 
Gods, ' which you have juft now defcribed. 

M. Becaufe there is made here another and more 
convenient Divifion of them ; which we will follow 
alfo, if you pleafe, in our Difcourfe. 

P. How can I deny myfelf that moft ufeful Pleafure^ 
which I fball reap from your Converfatiorl ? 

M . You fee that the three Clailes, which I mention¬ 
ed to you, are here divided into fix, and painted upon 
the feveral Parts of the Pantheon . i. You fee the Ce- 
lefial Gods and Goddefles upon an Arch. 2. The 
ref rial , upon the Wall on the Right-hand 3. The Ma¬ 
rine and River Gods upon the Wall of the Left. 4. The 
Infernal on the lower Apartment by the Pavement* 

5. The Minuti , or Semones , and Mifcellanei before you. 

6. The Adfcriptitii and Indigetes behind you. Our Dif¬ 
courfe fhall likewife confift of {ix Parts ; in each of 
which I {hall lay before you whatfoever I have found 
moft remarkable amongft the beft Authors upon this 
Subjeft, if fo be you can bear with my Talkativenels. 

P. Six', you jeft when you call it Tallcativenefs. Can 
any Difcourfe be more pleafant to me? 

JU. Then, fince it pleafes you, let us lit down toge¬ 
ther a while ; And, fince the Place is free from all 
Company, we will take a deliberate View of the 
whole Army of Gods, and infpe<ft them one after ano¬ 
ther; beginning, as is fit, with the Celefial , and fo 
with Jove y according to the Direction of the * Poet. 

3 Ah Jove principium Mufie ; Jovzs omnia plena . 

From the great Father of the Gods above 
My Mufe begins ; for all is full of Jove. 

Virg . Edog. 3. 

CHAP. 





Of ike Gods of the Heathens , 


IP 

CHAP. IV. 

% 

Of the Celeflial Gods. Jupiter. His Image . 

M* T^HE Gods, commonly called the Celeflial, are 

JL thefe that follow : Jupiter, Apollo, Mars, 
Mercury, and Bacchus. The Celeflial Goddejfes are Juno, 
Vefla, Minerva or Pallas, Venus, Luna, and Bellona . 
V/e will begin with Jupiter, the King of them all. 

P. Where is Jupiter ? 

M. Look up to the Arch. You may eafily know 
him by his Habit. He is a the Father and King of 
Gods and 3 fe?z, whom you fee fitting in a Throne of 
Ivory and Gold, under a rich Canopy, with a Beard, 
holding Thunder in his Right-hand, which he bran- 
difhes 'againft the Giants at his Feet, whom he for¬ 
merly conquered. His Sceptre, they fay, is made of 
Cyprefs, which is a Symbol of the Eternity of his Em¬ 
pire, becaufe that Wood is free from Corruption b . 
On his Sceptre fits a n Eagle; either becaufe he was 
brought up by it c ; or heretofore an Eagle , refting up¬ 
on his Head, portended his Reign ; or becaufe, in his 
Wars with the Giants d , an Eagle brought him his 
Thunder, and thence received the Title of Jupiter's 
Armour-hearer . e He wears Golden Shoes, and an em¬ 
broidered Cloak, adorned with various Flowers and 
Figures of Animals; which Dionyfius the Tyrant, as 
it is faid, took from him in Sicily, and, giving him a 
woollen Cloak inftead of it, faid, f That that would 
he more convenient for hi??i in all Seafons, flnee it was 
warmer in the JVinter , and much lighter in the Sum¬ 
mer . Yet let it not feem a Wonder to you, if by 

t 

* 

t 

a Djvum pater atque hominum rex. Vir. JE n: i. Pau- 
ian* in Eliac. Lucian, defacrif. b Apud Laert. 1 . 3 . c Mae- 
ro ap. Nat. Com. d Serv. in i. « Jovis Armiger . 
Vir. JEn* 5. i Cicero de Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. 

Chance 

T 



















































Of the Gods of the Heathens. t z 

Chance you fhould fee him in another Place, in another 
Drefs : For, he is wont to be decked in feveral Fafhi- 
pns, according to the various Names he affumes, an 4 
according to' the Diverfity of the People, amongft 
whom he is worshipped. Particularly you will fmile 
yvhen you fee him amongft the 5 Lacedemonians without 
pars ; whereas the Cretans are fo liberal to him in thisf 
Particular, that they give him four. So much for the 
Figure of 'Jupiter* For, if it were my Defign tofpeak 
pf his Statue , I fhould repeat here what h Verrius fays, 
that his Face upon Holy-Days ought to be painted with Ver¬ 
milion ; as the Statues of the reft of the Gods alfo ufed 

« S i * 

to be fmeared with Ointments, and adorned with Gar-r 
lands, according tq an Obfervation of 1 Plautus . 

P. Was the Power of darting Thunder and Light¬ 
ning in the Hands of Jupiter only ? 

JV 1 . The learned k Hetrurians teach us, that this 
Power was committed to .nine Gods ; but to which of 

# •• * * * I m 

them it dqes not plainly appear. Some, befides Jupi¬ 
ter y mention Vulcan and Minerva, where the Phrafe, 
Minervales manubice , fignifies Thunder ; (as the Books 
of thofe ancient HetrjJci called Strokes of Thunder 
Manubias) becaufe the noxious Conftellation of Mi¬ 
nerva is the Caufe of Tempefts in the Vernal Equinox . 
1 Pftiers fay, that Thunder was alfo attributed to Juno, 
to Mars , and to the South Wind ; and they reckon up fe¬ 
veral Kinds of Thunders ; Fulmina m Pere?nptalia , Pejii- 
fera , Popularia , Perverja , Renovativa * Ojlentatoida , Cla - 
ra, Familiaria, Bruta , Confdiaria : But the Romans 
commonly took notice of no more than two ; n the 
Diuy'nal Thunder, which they attributed to Jupiter ; 
and the 0 Notturnal, which they attributed to Stmimanusy 
pr Pluto . Now let us go on to Jupiter's Birth. 


e Plut. de Ofir. & Ifid. h Ap. Guthcr. dejur. Man. Plin. 
1 . 3 cap. 7. 1 In Afinar. k Plin. 1 . 2. c. 5 1. Sciv. 1. & 
%, JEtu 1 Scrv. 8. JE n. n * Plin. 1. 2. c. 43, 51, 52. Amin. 

Marcel. 1. 2 . “ Ka^uivofioAiot. vvy.TsqiKCc, 

• Elx Guther. dc lur. Man. lib. 1. c. 3. 

~ SECT- 



IS Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 

SECT. IT. 

Jupiter** Defcent and Education . 

P, IirHO were Jupiter s Parents ? 

W A/. One Anfwer will not fully fatisfy this 
one Queftion, fince there is not one Jupiter , but ma¬ 
ny, who are fprung from different Families. a < TboJb 
•who were /killed in the Heathen 'Theology , reckon up three 
Jupiters ; of which the firjl andfecond were born in Ar¬ 
cadia, The Father of the one was /Ether; from whom 
Proferpine and Liber are faid to be born. The Father of 
the other was Ccplus ; he is faid to have begot Minerva, 
The third was a Cretan, the Son ^Saturn, zvhofe To?nb is 
yet extant hi the Ifle of Crete. b But Varro reckoned up 
three hundred Jupzters: c and others reckon almoftan 
innumerable Company of them ; for, there was hardly 
any Nation which did not worffiip a Jupiter of their 
own, and fuppofe him to be born amongft themfelves. 
But of all thefe the mo ft famous Jupiter , according to 
the general Opinion, is He^ whofe Mother was Ops, 
and whofe Father was Saturn ; to whom therefore all, 
£hat the Poets fabuloufly writ about the other Jupzters , 
is ufualljr aferibed. 

P. Where and by whom was this Jupiter edu¬ 
cated ? 

M, He was educated where he was born* that is, 
upon the Mountain Ida in Crete ; but by whom, the 
Variety of Opinions is wonderful. d For fome affirm, 
that he was educated by the Curetes and Corybantes ; 
fome fay by the Nyznphs ; and fome, by Amalth&a , the 
Daughter of Meliffus , King of Crete . Others, on the 
contrary* have recorded, that the Bees fed him with 
Honey. Others, that a Goat gave him Milk. Not a 

a Tully d? Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. 

b Apud Agguft. de Civit. c Eufeb, Ccef. 1 . 2. pra?p. 
Evang. d Vid. Nat. Com, in Jove. 

few 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* .23 

few fay that he was nourifhed by Doves ; fome, by 
an Eagle j many by a Bear. And further, it is the 
Opinion of fome, concerning the aforefaid Amalthrea? 
that {he was not the Daughter of Mclijfus , as we now 
mentioned 3 but the very Goat which 1'uckled Jupiter? 
whofe c Horn, it is faid, he gave afterwards to his Nur- 
fes, with this admirable Privilege* that whofoever pofi* 
fefied it, fhould immediately obtain every Thing that 
he deftrcd. They add beftdes, that, after this Goat was 
dead, Jupiter took her Skin, and made a Shield of it 9 
with which he fingly combated the Giants 3 whence 
that Shield was called Mgis f , from a Greek Word 
which ftgnifies a Sbe-Goat , which at laft he reftored to 
Life again, and, giving her a new Skin, placed her 
amongft the Celeftral Conftellations. 


e Cornu Amaltha:a?. r ’Ako t alyoq. 


SECT. IIL 



upiter's Exploits . 


P. 117 HEN Jupiter was grown a Man, What 
V? did he perform worthy of Memory ? 

M. He overcame in W*ar the Giants and the "Titans 9 
(of whom we fhall fay more when we fpeak of Saturn 3) 
and alfo delivered his Father Saturn from Imprifonment j 
but afterwards depofed him from the Throne, and ba- 
nifhed him, becaufe he formed a Confpiracy againft 
him ; and then divided the paternal Inheritance with 
his two Brothers, Neptzme and Pluto : as more largely 
will be fhewn in its proper Place, when we fpeak of each 
of them apart. In fine, he fo aftifted and obliged all 
Mankind by the great Favours that he did, that he not 
only thence obtained the Name of g Jupiter , but he was 
advanced alfo unto divine Honours, and was efteemed 



s Jupiter , qua ft juvans Pater. Cic. 2, de Nat. Deor. 



24 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

the common Father both of Gods and Men . Amongft 
fome of his moft illuftrious Actions* we ought to re¬ 
member the Story of Lycaon. For, when "Jupiter had 
heard a Report concerning the Wicfcednefs and great 
Impiety of Men, it is faid that he defcended from 
Heaven to the Earth, to know the real Truth of it, 
and, that being come into the Houfe of Lycaon , King 
o % Arcadia^ where he declared himfelf to be a God, 
whilfi: others were preparing Sacrifices for him, Lycaon 
derided him; nor did he flop here; he added an 
abominable Wickednefs to his Contempt, and, being 
defiroiis to try whether Jupiter was a God, as he pre¬ 
tended, he kills one of his domeftick Servants, and 
roafis and boils the Flefh of him, and fets it on the 
Table as a Banquet for Jupiter ; who, abhorring the 
Wretch’s Barbai'ity, 1 fired the Palace with Lightning, 
and turned Lycaon into a Wolf. 

P . Are there no Exploits of his ? 

M. Yes, indeed; 2 but they are very lewd and dif- 
honourable : I am almoft afhamed to mentionthem. 
For, Was there any Kind of Lewdnefs of which he 
was not guilty ! or any Mark of Infamy that is not 
branded upon his Name ? I will only mention a few 
Actions of this Sort among many. 

1. In the Shape of a Crow 3 he ruined his Sifter 
Juno } who was born at the fame Birth with him, de¬ 
luding her with Promifes of Marriage : And how 
many Women does that Pretence delude even now ? 

2 . He violated the Chaftity of Datiac , the Daughter 
of Acriftus , King of the Argivcs^ though her Father had 
fhut her up in a Tower ; becaufe the Oracle had fore¬ 
told, that he fhould be (lain by his Grandfon : For, 
changing himfelf into a 4 Shower of Gold , he Aid down 
through the Roofsand Tiles of the Place into the Lady’s 
Lap- And, indeed, V/hat Place is there is fo fortified and 


1 Ovid. Met. I. i. 2 Apollon. 4. Argon. 
2- Metam. * Ovid. 4. Met. 


3 JDoroth. 
guarded. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . i § 

guarded, into which Love cannot find Paflage ? Is 
there any Heart fo very hard and ftubborn, that Money 
cannot foften it ! What Way is not fafe, what Paflage 
is not open, what Undertaking is impoflible 1 to a God* 
who turns himfelf into Money to make a Purchafe ? 

3. He corrupted a Lecla , the Wife of Tyndarus , King 
of Laconia , in the Similitude of a Swan : Thus a fair 
Out-fide oft-times veils the fouleft Temper, and is a 
beautiful Cover to a mod deformed Mind. 

4. He abufed 3 Aniiope , the Wife of Lycus, King of 
Thebes, in the Likenefs of a Satyr. 

5. He defiled 4 Alcmena , the Wife of Arnphytrion , in 
her Hufband’s Abfence, in the Likenefs of Amphytrion 
himfelf. 

6. He inflamed 5 /Eg In a, the Daughter of Mfopus y 
King of Bee oil a, with Love* in the Similitude of Fire* 
(a lively-Reprefentation of his Crime) and robbed her 
of her Chaftityv 

7. He deflowered 6 Clytoris , a Virgin of 7 " hejjalla, a 
great Beauty, by turning himfelf into. What? O ri¬ 
diculous ! into an Ant. And many Times, indeed, it 
happens, that great Mifchiefs arife from very fmall 
Beginnings. 

8. He debauched 7 Calljlo , the Daughter of Lycaon , 
King of Arcadia , counterfeiting, which is very ftrange, 
the Modefty and Countenance of Diana. And yet he 
did not protedl her from the Difgrace that afterwards 
followed'. For, asfhe began to grow big, and walhed 
herfelf in the Fountain with Diana , and the other 
Nymphs, her Fault was difeovered, and herfelf fhame- 
fully turned away by Diana firft, then changed by Juno 
into a Bear . But, "Why do I fay fhamefully ? when her 
Difgrace was taken away by Jupiter , who advanced 


1 Converfo in pretimnDeo. Horat. 3. carm. ~ A rat. in 
Phamom, 3 Ovid. 6, Metam. 4 Idem ibid. 5 Idem ibid. 
6 Arqob. ap. Gyr. ? Bocat^lib. 5. de Gen. Deorum, 
cap. 49. 


£ 


this 


[ 


2 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . i 

this Bear into Heaven, and made it a Conftellatlon i ! 
which by the Latins is called Urfa Major , and by the j 
Greeks, Me lice. 

g. He fent an a Eagle to fnatch away the pretty Boy 
Ganymede , the Son of Tres\ as he hunted upon the 
Mountain Ida . Or rather he himfelf, being changed 
into an Eagle , took him into his Claws, and carried him 
up to Heaven. He offered the fame Violence to Afteria 9 
the Daughter of Casus, a young Lady of the greateft 
Modefty, to whom b he appeared in the Shape of an 
Eagle , and when he had ravifhed her, he carried her 
away in his Talons. 

io. He undid c Europa , the Daughter of Agenor * 
King of Phoenicia, in the Form of a beautiful white 
Bull , and carried her into Crete with him. See how [ 
many feveral Beafts Man refembles, who has‘once put 
-off his Modefty 1 And by how many various Fables '] 
this one Truth is reprefented, that the very Gods by j! 
Pra&ice of impure Luft become Brutes. The Bzdl, in | 
Reality, was the Ship upon which a Bull was painted, \ 
in which Europa was carried away. In like Manner I 
the Horfe Pegafus , that was painted upon Bellerophon\ I 
Ship, and the Ram, which was painted on that of | 
Phryxus and Hellc, created ample Matter of Fidtion for j 
the Poets. But to return to our Fable, Agenor imme-j 
diately ordered d his Son Cadmus to travel, and fearchi 
every where for his Sifter Europa, which he did, but] 
could no where find her. Cadmus dared not to re-j 
turn without her, becaufe, c by a Sentence not lefsj 
unjuft to him, than kind to his Sifter, his Father had) 
hanifhed him for ever, unlefs he found her. Where-! 
fore he built the City of Thebes, not far from the 


a Virg. 5. J£n. Ovid. Metam. 10. b Fulgent. Plan; 
t Ovid. 6. Metam. d Ovid. 3. Metam. j 

e Cum pater ignarm Cadmo perquirere rap!am 
Imperat , & pcenam , ft non in<venerit, addit 
Exilium , facto pi us & feeler at us eodem . Id. ib. i 

Mould 

! 


5 


V 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 17 

Mountain Parnajfus $ and whereas it happened that his 
Companions that were with him were devoured by a 
.certain Serpent, whilft they went abroad to fetch Wa¬ 
ter > he, to avenge their Death, flew-that Serpent* 
whofeTeeth he took out, and, by the Advice .ofJkf/- 
7ierva , flowed them in,the Ground ; and fluddenly a Hal¬ 
ve ft of armed Soldiers (prouted up; who quarrelling 
among themflelves, with the flame Speed that they grew 
-up, mowed one another down again, excepting five on¬ 
ly, by whom that Country was peopled afterward. At 
length Cadmus and his Wife :Her?ntone? or ,Hermonia , 9 
after much Experience, and many Proofs of the Incon- 
fhmey of JFortune, were changed into Serpents. He is 
laid to 3 have-invented fix teen of the .Letters of .the G 7 'eck 
Alphabet: y 9 e, a, ^ v, o, p, cr , 7b v, which, 

in the Time of .the Judges «of hebroiight out of 

'Phoenicia into Greece; two hundred and fifty Years af¬ 
ter which, Paht?tiedes added four more Letters, namely 

in the Time of the Siege of Troy: (although 
'Jfome affirm that Epichar?nus invented the Letters 0 and 
% : and, fix hundred and fifty Years after the Siege of 
T'royj Simonides invented the other four Letters, namely, 
v), a, J/. 'Cadmus is alflo faid to have taught the 
Manner of writing,in Profle; and that he was the finft 
among the G??eehs^ who .confederated Statues .to the 
Honour of the Gods. 

Now the Hifiorical Meaning of the Fable, perhaps*, 
•is this : b Cad?mis was in Truth King of S'uhn^ by Na¬ 
tion a Kadnmriite^ asdris Name intimates ; of the Num¬ 
ber of thofle mentioned by c Mojes. Which Knd?nomU.s 
•were the flame .with the d Hivitcs , who poilcflcd the 


Bids Cadmus trace.and find the raviflfld Fair, 

•Or hope no more to br.earbe Pbccnician A ir. 

Both juft and wicked in the flame Deftgn ; 

'The Care was pious, but too great the Fine. 0 -i>/d. Met. 3. 
3 PJ. 3. c. z9. Ca?fl 39. 24. b Bocbart. 2. p. Geogr. % c. 
S'Q, c Geu. 15, 29. d Idem enm Hevctis; • Bocharr: ibid. 

I * C Maun- 


18 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Mountain Herman , and were thence alfo called Her* 
monai : And To it came to pafs, that the Wfife of Cad - 
?nus had the Name of Hermiona or Hermi one , from the 
fame Mountain. And why is it faid, that Catbnus's 
Companions were converted into Serpents, unlefs be- 
caufe the Word Hevcsus in the Syriac .Language figni¬ 
fies a Serpent ? Moreover, another Word of a double 
Signification in the fame Language occafioned the Fa¬ 
ble, that armed Soldiers fprouted forth from the Teeth 
of the Serpent : For, a the fame Word fignifies both 
Serpents Teeth and brazen Spear j, with which b Cadmus 
firft armed his Soldiers in Greece , being indeed tKe In¬ 
ventor. of Brafs \ infomuch that the Ore , of which Brafs 
is made, is from him even now called Cadmia . As to 
the five Soldiers, which are faid to furvive all the reft 
of their Brethren, who fprouted up out of the Teeth 
of the Serpent, the fame Syriac Word fignifies c Five , 
and alfo a Man ready for Battle , according as-it is dif¬ 
ferently pronounced. 

• m 

a Hygin. c. 2. 4. b jPiin. 1 . 34. c. 1 . 10. c Bochartus 
ut fupra, 

SECT. IV. Jupiter’s Names . 

§ 

P. IT O W many Names has Jupiter ? 

XT! did. They can hardly be numbered ; fo ma¬ 
ny were the Names which he obtained, either from the 
‘Places where he lived and was worfhipped, or from the 
Things that he did. The more remarkable I will here 
fet down alphabetically. 

Th e Greeks called him a Ammon y or Hammon , which 
Name fignifies Sandy . He obtained this Name firft in 
'Lybia , where he was worfhipped under the Figure of a 
Ram 5 becaufe when Bacchus was a-thirft in the fabu¬ 
lous Deferts of Arabia , and implored the AfHftahce of 
Jupiter , Jupiter , appearing in the Form of a Ram, 

a Arenarias ab Arena, PJut. in Oiir. V . Curt. I. 4. 

ooehetl 


i 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . i g 

©pened a Fountain with his Foot, and difcovered it to 
him. But others give this Reaion, becaufe ‘Jupiter in 
War wore a Helmet, whofe Creffc was a Ram’s Head. 

The Babyloniazzs and jiJJyrians , whom he governed, 
called him h Belus , who was the impious Author of 
Idolatry; and, becaufe of the Uncertainty of his De- 
fcent, they believed that he had neither Father nor 
Mother ; and therefore he was thought the firft: of all 
Gods : In different Places and Languages he was af¬ 
terwards called Bee!? Baal? Beelphegor , Beclzebz/b , and 
Belzeznen . 

Jupiter was called * Capitolinus , from the Capitoline 
Hill, upon the Top whereof he had the firft: Temple 
that ever was built in Rome $ which Tarquin the Elder 
firft vowed to build, 'Tarquin the Proud "built, and Ho - 
ratius the Conful dedicated. He was belides called 
Tarpeius , from the Tarpeian Rock on which this Tem¬ 
ple was built. He was alfo ftiled k Optimus Maximus? 
from his Power and Willingnefs to profit all Men. 

He is alfo called 1 Ciz/Ios. There is in Nero’s Coins 
an Image of him fitting on his Throne, which bears in 
its Right-hand Thunder, and in its Left a Spear, with 
this Infcription, Jupiter Cujios . 

Antiently in fome Forms of Oaths he was commonly 
called m JDiefpiter , the Father of Light ;. as we fhall far- 
therremark prefently under the Word Lapis-? and to the 
fame Purpofe he was by the n Cretans called directly Dies . 

The Title of Dodonaus was given him from the 
City Dodona in Chaonia , which was fo called from 
Dodona , a Nymph of the Sea. Near to which City 

M 

h Berof. J. 4. Eufebius; 1 . 1. prarp. Evang. Hier. 1. in 
Cl earn. 

1 O Capitoline, quern, propter bencficia, populus Roma- 

.nus Optimum, propter, vim. Maximum appelJavit, Tull, de 
Nat. Deorum i. 

k Plin. Liv. flut. Tacit. 19, 

1 Apul. de mundo. Senec. 2. an, nat. 
m Quail did pater. -Var. de Lingua Latina. 
n Macrob. in Saturn, ap. Bochart. in Geogr, 

C 2 there 



20 Of the Gods of the Heathens «. 

there was a Grove facred to Jupiter* which was plant¬ 
ed with Oaks, and famous ; becaufe in it was the an- 

tienteft Oracle of all Greece. Two Doves delivered 

* 

Refponfes there to thofe, who confulted it. Or, as 
others ufe to fay, p the Leaves of the Oaks themfelves 
became Vocal, and gave forth Oracles. 

• He was named q Eticius , Becaufe the Prayers of Men 
may bring him down from Heaven* 

The Name Feretrius is given him, becaufe r hefmites 
his Enemies $ or becaufe he is the 5 Giver of Peace ; for, 
when a Peace was made, the Scepter by which the Em- 
bafladors fwore and the Flint-ftone on which they con¬ 
firmed their Agreement, were fetched out of his Tem¬ 
ple : or laftly, becaufe, after they had overcome their 
Enemies, they 1 carried the grand Spoils (Spolia opima) 
to his Temple. Romulus firfl prefented fuch Spoils to 
'Jupiter , after he had ilain Acron , King of Can in a * and 
Cornelius Galius offered the fame Spoils after he had 
conquered Tolumnius King of Hetruria ; and thirdly, 
M. Marcellas , when he had vanquifhed Viridomarus 
King of the Gauls , as we read in u Virgil. 

Thofe Spoils were called Opima , which one Gene-* 
ral took from the other in Battle. 

Fulminatory or xV Ceraunius , in Greek Ke^at'wo?,. is 
Jupiter's. Title, from hurling Thunder, which- is 


p Alex, ab Alex. c. 2. 

q Quod ccelo praxibus eliciatur, fic Ovid. Faff, 3. ~ 

El: ci unt cczlo ie Jupiter ; unde Mir ores 

Rune quoqu? ie celebrant , Ehci unique *vocanf • 

Jove can’t refill the juft Man’s Cries, 

They bring him down e’en from the Skies; 

Hence he’s Elicius call’d. 

- r A feriendo, quod hofles feriat. 5 vel a. ferenda pace. Fell, 
£ Vel a ferendis fpoliis opimis in ejus Templum. Flut. in. 
Jlom. Dion. 2. 

u Perilaque arma Pafri fufpendet capia Spuirino. 

And the third Spoils fhali grace Peretrian Jove. 

JELxi. 6. w $er*v. ibid. 

thought 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 r : 

thought to be his proper Office, if we believe the 

* Poet. 

In Lycia they worfhipped him under the * Name of 
Gragus , [Grapfes,] and Genitor . 

In JEgium, about the Sea-coaft, he is faid to havfe 
had a Temple, with the Name of r Homogynus . 

At Pranejle he was called hnperator . s "There was 
a moft famous Statue of him there, afterwards tran- 

flated to Ro7ne . 

He was called LatiaVis , 1 becaufe he was worlhipped 
in Latium , a Country of Italy; whence the” Latin Fes¬ 
tivals are denominated, to which all thofe Cities of Ita- 

9 

/y reforted, who deiired to be Partakers of the Solemni¬ 
ty; and brought to yupiter feveral Oblations : Particu¬ 
larly a Bull was facrificed at that Xime, in the com¬ 
mon Name of them all, whereof every one took a Part, 
The Name Lapis , or, as others write, Lapideus * 
was given him by the Rojnans , who believed that an 
Oath, w made in the Name of yupiter Lapis, was the 
moft folemn of all Oaths. And it is derived either 
from the Stone, which was prefented to Saturn by his 
Wife Ops, who faid it was yupiter , in which Senfe 

* Eufebius fays, that Lapis reigned in Crete \ or from 
the Flmt-Jlone, which, in making Bargains, the Swearer 
held in his Hand, and faid. If k.720wingly I deceive , 
Jo let Diefpiter, faving the ■City and the Capitol, cajl me 


P Horat. 3 Carm. and Virgil. JEn. i. 

— - O que res bominumque Deumque 

JFiernis regis imperils, J'ulmine ter res* 

O King of Gods and Men, whofe awful Hand 
Difperfes Thunder on the Seas and Land ; 

Difpenfing all with absolute Command. 

* Lycophron. r Virg. 1 . I. Sc 4. ^En. 

3 Paufan. Sc Hefych. Liv. 6. 

1 Cic. pro Milone, 86. Dion. 1 . 4. 

u Latinas Fe'rias. w Juramenturn per Jovem Lapidem 
omnium fandifUmuni, Cic. 7. Epilt. 12. * In Chron. 

C 3 



2 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

away from all that 9 s goody as / cajl away this Stone ~ 
p whereupon he threw the Stone away. The Romans 
had another Form, not unlike to this, of making Bar¬ 
gains : It will not be amifs to mention it here ;. q If 
with evil Intention 1 at any "Time deceive ; upon that Day , 
O Jupiter, fo Jlrike thou me , as I/ball this DayJlrike this 
SwinCy andjo'much the moreJlrike thou 9 as thou art the 
more able andJkilful to do it $ whereupon he ftruck down 
the Swine. 

In the Language of the People of Ca?npa?iiay he is 
called Lucetius from Lux ; and among the Latins r Dief- 
piter from Dies. Which Names were given to Jupiter 9 
5 becaufe he cheers and comfor is us with the Light of the Day 
as much as with Life itfclf: Or, becaufe he was believ¬ 
ed to be the Caufe of Lis;ht r . 

The People of Elis ufed to celebrate him by the Ti¬ 
tle of 11 Ikfartius . 

■ 

He was alfo called w MufcariuSy becaufe he drove a- 
way the Flies : For, when Hercules's religious Exer- 
cifes were interrupted by a Multitude of Flies, he there¬ 
upon offered a Sacrifice to Jupiter , which being finifh- 
ed, all the Flies flew away. 

x NicephdruSy that is, carrying Victory 5 and, by the 
Oracle of Jupiter Ntccpborusy the Emperor Adrian was 
told, that he fhould be promoted to the Empire. Livy 
often mentions him ; and many Coins are extant* 


P Si feiens fallo, me Diefpiter, falva urbe, areeque, bonis 
ejiciat, ut ego hunc Tapidem. Fell. ap. Lil. 

q Si dolo malo aliquando fallam, tu illo die, Jupiter , me 
fic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hodie feriam ; tantoque ma- 
gis ferito, quanto magis potes, poliefque. Liv. 1. 1 • 
r Serv. 9. JEn. 

3 Quod nos die ac luce quafi vita ipsa afficeret ac juvaret. 
Aul. Cell. 

* Feflus. u Zeve, Jupiter pugnax. Plut. in Pyrrho. 

w . mufearum abator. Paufan. 5. Eliac. 
x N/. s. Vi&oriam geftans. iElias Spart. jn A- 
driani vita. 


* 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 23 

In which is the Image of Jupiter bearing Victory in 
his Hand. 

He was called alfo p Qpitulus , or Opitulator , the Hel¬ 
per ; and Centipeda from his Slabi 1 i ty ; beca ufe th ofc 
"Things fland fecure and firm which have many Feet. 
He was called Stabilitor and Tigellus , becaufe he fup- 
ports the World. Almas alfo and Alummrt^ becaufe he 
cherifhes all Things : And Rumhrns from Ru?na y which 
fignifies the Nipple, by which he nourifhes Animals. 

He is alfo.named 11 Qly?npius from Olympus , the Name 
of the Maflrer who taught him, and of the Heaven where¬ 
in he refides; or, of a City which flood near the Moun¬ 
tain Olympus , and was anciently celebrated far and near, 
becaufe there a Temple was dedicated to Jupiter , arid 
Games folemnized every five Years. r To this Jupiter 
Olympus the firftCupwas facrificed in their Feflivals. 

When the Gauls befieged the Capitol, an Altar was 
ereCied to Jupiter 5 Pijlor ; becaufe he put it into the 
Minds of the Romans . to make Loaves of Bread, and 
throw them into the Gauls Tents ; whereupon the Siege 
was raifed. 

The Athenians ereCted a Statue to him, and worfhip- 
ped it upon the Mountain Hymettus , giving him in 
that Place the Title of 1 Pluvius ; this Title is men¬ 
tioned by u "Tibullus . 

Precdator was alfo his Name; not becaufe he pro¬ 
tected Robbers , but becaufe, out of all the Booty taken 
from the Enemy, one Part was due to him. w For, 
when the Romans went to War, they ufed to devote to 


p Qnafi opis lator. Fell. Aug. 7. de Civit. 
m Paufan. Att. & Eliac. Liv. J. 4. dec. 4. 

*• Pollux. 

0 A pinfendo Ovid. 6. Fall. LaCh 1 . 12. Liv. 1 . 5/ 
r Phurnut. in Jovin. 

u Arida nec Pluvio fupplicat berba Jo-vi. 

Nor the parch’d Grafs for Rain from Jove doth c ill. 

* Serv. 5;. JE.n-. 

C 4. the 


24 Of She- Gods of the- Heathens'. 

the Odds a Part of the Spoil that they fhould get>; 
and for that Reafon there was a Temple at Ro?ne dedi¬ 
cated to ‘Jupiter 'Predator.. 

Qulrinusy as appears by that Verfe of Virgily which- 
v/e cited above p, when he fpoke of the Name Feretrius . 

Rex -and Regnat'or are his common Titles in tj Virgil 
Homery and Ennius,. 

Jupiter is alfo called r &'fatfry. which Title he firfb 
had from Romulus on this'' Occafion : When Romulus - 
was fighting with the SabineSy his Soldiers began to- 
xTy; whereupon Romidusy as s ZzVy relates, ; thus prayed' 
Vo Jupitery O thou Father- of the Gods and Mankind 9 at 
this Place at leaf drive hack the Ehemyy take away the 
Fear of the Romans, and Jlop their dijhonourable Flight „ 
And l vow to / build a 'Temple to thee upon the fame Place 
that J})cdl bear the Name of Jupiter Stator, for a Monu¬ 
ment: to- Pojlerityy that it was from thy immediate Jlf 
fftanee that Rome received its Prefer vail on. After this 
Prayer the Soldiers flopped, and, returning again to* 
the Battle, obtained'the Vidtory 5; whereupon Romulus? 
con fee rated a Temple to Jupiter Siator . 

The Greeks called hnrrS^T^ [foterl Scrvator % the* 
Samoury becaufe he delivered them, from the Medes a . 
Confervaibr alfo was his Title,., as appears from divers 
of Dioclefaris Coins; in which his Effigies Rands, with 
Thunder brandifhed in his Right-hand, and a Spear in* 
his .Left i with>this*InfcrFption, ConfcrvatarL In others,, 

P Note 6, on Page 20'. 

9 ? Di<vihn Pater at que hotninurnRex. Vir. JE n.-I« Sc l O', 

The Father of the Gods, and King of Men,. 

$ummi Regnat or Olympic . ^En. 7. 

Ruler of the higheil Heaven,. 

r A fiando veffiftendOo. 

3 , Tu pater Deum homfn unique; hinc fal’tem arce hoffem* 
deme terrorem Romanis, fug am que feed am fi fie. Hie ego 
tibr Templum Statori-Jovi, quod monumentum fit pofieris 
ttra prcefenci ope fervatam Urbem efie, voveo. Liv^ L i~ 

‘•Strabo, 1 . 9. A*man.. 84 deGeff. Alex-- 


iinflead' 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2-$ 

znftead of Thunder, he holds forth a little Image of 
Victory* with this Infcription, Jovi ConfervatoriOrbis*, 
to Jupiter the Co?ifervator of the World . 

The Augurs called f him Tonans and Fidgens . And 
the Emperor Augujhis dedicated a Temple to him fo 
called 5 wherein was a Statue of Jupiter , to which a 
Tittle Bell was fattened* ^ He is alfo called by Orpheus 
BgollccTo; [Brontaius ] and b)' Apuleius , “ ^Tonitrualis , the 
\Thunderer : And an Infcription is to be feen upon a 
Stone at Ro?nc y Jovz Brontonti .• 

1 ! Trioculus , \fTriophtbahnos] was alfo at* 

Epithet given him by the Grecians , who thought that 
he had three Eyes* with one of which he obferved the 
Affairs of Heaven, with another the Affairs of the 1 
Earth, and with the third he viewed the Sea-Affairs. 
There was a Statue of him of this Kind in Priamus 9 s 
Palace at "Troy ; which, befide the ufual two Eyes* 
had a third in the Forehead. 

k Vcjovis , or Vejupiter , and Vedius y that is, little Jupi¬ 
ter^ was his Title when he was defcribed without his 
Thunder, viewing angrily fhort Spears which he. held 
in his Hand : The Romans accounted him a fatal and 
noxious Deity; and therefore they worfhipped him^ 
only that he might not hurt them. 

Agrippa dedicated a Pantheon to Jupiter TJltor , the 
Avenger , at Rome , according to 1 Pliny. 

He was likewife called, m Xenius , or Hofpitalis , Hof- 
pitable ; becaufe he was thought the Author of the 
Laws and Cuftoms concerning HofpitaTity. Whence 
fhe Greeks call Prefents given to Strangers Xenia , as 
the Latins called them Lautia * 

. Zsv$ £ n Zeus] is the proper Name of Jupiter , be¬ 
caufe he gives Life to Animals. 


f Cic.de Nat. I. r. § Dio. 1 . 5. 

2. p. 82. 1 Paufan. ap. eundem, 

L 5. Ovid, in Fail. 1 Plin. 36. 1 3. 
pro Deiot. Plut. qu. Rom. Demoll. Or. de legation 

Phuraut. de Jove. 

SECT, 


h Ap. Lil. Gyr. Synt* 
k Cic. 5. de Nat. Gell. 
m Serv. i. JEn. Cic. 

11 A 770 


4 J 

si& Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


SECT. V. "The Signification of the Fable , and 
what ts underftood by the Name of Jupiter. 

P. '\T O U have told us the Dreams of the Poets 
JL about Jupiter ; now, pray Sir, let us know 
What the Hiflorians and Mythologifls affirm concern¬ 
ing him. 

Al. Very willingly. g Jupiter was King of Crete „ 
and, according to Eufebius , contemporary with the Pa¬ 
triarch Abraham. This Jupiter depofed his Father, and 
afterwards divided by Lot the Kingdom with his two 
Brothers Neptune ana Pluto . And, becaufe the Eaftern 
Part of the Country was by Lot given to Jupiter , the 
Weftern to Pluto , and the Maritime Parts to Neptune ; 
they took Occafion from hence to feign, that Jupiter 
was the God and King of the Heavens, Neptune of the 
Sea, and Pluto of Hell. . Nay, Jupiter’s Name was fo 
honoured by Pofterity, that all Kings and Princes were 
from him called Joves , and the Queens Junones , from 
Juno the Wife of Jupiter. 

Concerning the Mythologies, or the Interpreters of 
Fables, 1 /hall only obferve this by the by. There is in 
thefe Kind of Things fuch a vaft Diverfity of Opinions 
among them; and, which is yet worfe, the Accounts 
that many of them give, are fo witlefs and impertinent, 
fo incongruous to the very Fable, which they pretend 
to explain, that I think it better to write nothing from 
them, than to trouble the Reader with thofe Things, 
which will not probably fatisfybim; which when I can¬ 
not effect, I will pafs the Bufinefs over in Silence, and 
leave it to every One’s Difcretion todevife his own Inter¬ 
pretations For it is better that he himfelf fhould be the 
Author of his own Miftake than to be led into it by ano¬ 
ther, becaufe a Slip is more tolerable and eafy when we 

s 

* ♦ 

£ Apud Salian. in Ann. Sc Epitome Turfellim. 

5 


* 


cmr-* 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 27 

©urfelves fall down, than when others violently pufh 
us down at unawares ; yet, whenever the Place re¬ 
quires that I mud give my Expofitions of thefe Fables, 
that I may difcover fome Meaning that is not repug¬ 
nant to common Senfe, 1 fhal! not be fo far wanting 
to my Duty, as that any one fhould juftly accufe me 
of Negligence. By the prefent Fable 1 mayjuftify 
my Words $ for oblerve only, how various are Mens 
Opinions concerning the Signification of the Name 
Jupiter , and you may guefs at the reft. 

: The Natural Philofophers many Times think that 
h Heaven is meant by the Name of Jupiter ; whence 
many Authors exprcfs the Thunder and Lightning, 
which come from Heaven, by thefe Phrafes : Jove 
tonantc , fulgent e y &c. and in this Senfe 1 Virgil ufed 
the Word Olympus . 

k Others imagined that the Air, and the Things 
that are therein contained, as Thunder, Lightning, 
Rain, Meteors, and the like, are fignified by the fame 
Name. In which Senfe J Horace is to be underftood, 
when he fays fub Jove , that is, in the open Air. 

Some, on the contrary, call the Air Juno ; and the 
Fire Jupiter , by which the Air being warmed becomes 
fit for the Generation of Things. 111 Others again call 
the Sky Jupiter , and the Earth Juno \ becaule out of 
the Earth all Things fpring ; which n Virgil has ele¬ 
gantly exprefled in the lecond Book of his Georgies, 

1 Eurl- 


h Cic. z. de Nat. Deor. 

i Pandilur interea domus omnipotentis OlytnpL 
Mean while the Gates of Heaven unfold. ^En. io. 
k Theocr. Eel. 4. 

I Jacet fub Jove frigido, id ell, fub Dio, vko rov 
Hor. Od. 1. 

m Lucret. 1 . 1. 

II Vum pater omnipotens faecuvdis imbrihus nether 
Conjugis in gremium lev tee defce?tdit , & omnes 
Magnus alii y magno fommijhts <orpore y feet as. 


For 


2$ Of the Gods qf the Heathens - 


1 Euripides thought fo, when he fa id that the Sky 
ouo-ht to be called Su?n?nus Deus « the Great God. 

* Plato’s Opinion was different ; for he thought that 
the Sun was Jupiter $ and 5 Homer , together with the 
aforefaid Euripides , thinks that he is > which iw* 

is, according to + Tally 9 s Definition, The Caufe from all 
Eternity y why fuch ‘Things , zy*r<? already pa/l-, zoere 
done ; ^7^/ why fuch Things , #5- doing at prefent , be as 
they are j and why fuch Things , as are to follow hereafter , 
jhallfollow accordingly . In fhort, others by Jupiter un- 
derltand the 5 «SW/ of the World ; which is diffufed not 
only through all human Bodies, but likewife through all 
the Parts of the Univerfe, as 6 Virgil poetically defcribes 

it. 

I do not regard the moral Signification of the Fable j 
that would be an endlefs and impertinent Labour. It 


is free, as I faid above, for every one to think what he 
pleafes, and, according to the Proverb, to abound in 
his own Senfe. 



For then th’ Almighty Jo<ve defcends and pours 
Into his buxom Bride his fruitful Show’rs. 

And, mixing his large Limbs with hers, he feeds 
Her Births with kindly Juice, and foflers teeming. Seeds, 

1 A pud Cic. de Nat, z In Phard. 3 OdyfF. Jj. 

4 ^Eterna rerum caufa ; cur ea, qu*e preterierint, fadla 
Pint; & ea, quse, inflant, Eant; Sc ea, qu^e confequentur, 
futura lint. cic. 1* de Divinat. 

5 Arat. ink. Akron. 

6 Caelum ac terras , campofque liquentes , 

Luceniemque globum Lunre^ Titaniaque afra 
Sph'it us i?ztus alit, totamque inf fa per artus 
Metis agitai molem, & mcgnq fe cor pore mi feet . 

--The Heaven and Earth’s compared Frame, 

And flowing Waters, and the Harry Frame, 

And both the radiant Lights one common Soul 
Infpires, and feeds, and animates the Whole. 

This active Mind, infus’d thro’ all the Space, 

Unites and-mingles with the mighty Mafs. 6 . 

CHAP, 



Z J /s7/r\/7f. 


r«ge -ig 

































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . z 9 



CHAP. V. 

% 

Apollo. His Image. 

* 

p m Tpj UT what is that 1 beardlefs Youth, with long 
JD Hair, fo comety and graceful, who wears a 
Laurel-Crown, and fhines in Garments embroidered 
•with Gold, with a Bow and Arrow in one Hand, and 
a Harp in the other ? 

JA. It is the Image of Apollo , * who is at other Times 
defcribed holding a Shield in one Hand, and the 
Graces in the other. And, becaufe he has a three¬ 
fold Power in Heaven, where he is called Sol ; in 
Earth, where he is named Liber Pater ; and in Hell, 
where he is Ailed Apollo ; he is ufually painted with 
thefe three Things : A Harp, a Shield, and Arrows. 
The Harp fliews that he bears Rule in Heaven, where 
gll Things are full of Harmony ; the Shield defcribes 
his Office in Earth, where he gives Health and Safety 
to terreftrial Creatures ; his Arrows fhew his Autho¬ 
rity in Hell, for whomsoever he Arikes with them, he 
fends them into Hell. 

Sometimes he is painted with a Crow and a Hawk 
flying over his Head, a Wolf and a Laurel-Tree on 
one Side, and a Swan, and a Cock on the other ; and 
under his Feet Grafhoppers creeping. The Crow is 
facred to him, becaufe he foretels the Weather, and 
fhews the different Changes of it by the Clearnefs or 
Hoarfenefs of his Voice. The Swan is likewife endued 
with Divination, 3 becaufe, forefeeing his Happinefs in 


* Horat. ad Callimach. ~ Porphyr. de foie. 3 Cygnj 
non fine causa Apollini dicati funt, quod ab eo divinationem 
Jiabere videantur quia pr^videntes quid in morte boni fit, 
fum cantu & voluptate moriuntur. Tull. QuaeiL Tufc. i. 

* 

Death, 


l 


f 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Death, he dies with Singing and Pleafure. The Wolf 
is not unacceptable to him, not only becaufe he fparetl 
his Flock when he was a Shepherd, but becaufe the 
Furioufnefs of Heat is exprefl'ed by him, and the Per- 
fpicuity and Sharpnefs of his Eyes do moft fitly repre¬ 
sent the Forefight of Prophecy. The Laurel-Tree 
Is of a very hot Nature, always flourifhing, and con- 
ducing to Divination and poetic Raptures ; and the 
Leaves of it put under the Pillow, produce two Dreams. 
The Hawk has Eyes as bright as the Sun ; the Cock 
foretels his Riling ; and the Grafhoppers fo entirely 
depend on him, that they owe their Rife and Sub- 
fiftence to his Heat and Influence. 


SECT. L 


His D E S C E NT T. 


P - TIT* HAT Family was Apollo born of ? 

y V M. \oa {hall know after you have firft 
heard how many Apollo's there were. 

P. How many ? 

M. Four. The firft and ancientefr of them was 
born of Vulcan: 'The fecond was a Cretan 5 a Son of 
one of the Corybantes : The third was born of "Jupiter 
ancl Latona : The fourth was born in Arcadia , called 
by the Arcadians , No mi us. 1 But though , as Cicero 
fays, there were fo many Apollo’s, yet all the reft of them 
are feldom mentioned, arid all that they did is afcribedto one 

tf them only , namely , to him that was born of Jupiter and 
Latona. 

P- In what Place was Apollo the Son of Latona 
born ? 



* A tque, cum tot Apcllines fuerint, reliqui omnes fden- 
tur, omnefque res aliorum geilte ad unum ApoIIinem, Jcvis 
& Latona fdiutn, refer un tar.. Cic. 3. de is at. Eeor. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 s 

I will tell you more than you afk; they fay the 
Thing was thus : Latona , the Daughter of Cceus the 
fitan, conceived "Twins by Jupiter : Juno, incenfed at 
it, {exit the Serpent Python againft her; and Latona , to 
efcape the Serpent, * Red into the Ifland of Delos ; where 
(he brought forth Apollo and Diana at the fame Birth. 

1 Hefiod. 

SECT. II. 

Actions of Apollo. 

P c IQ) Y what Means was Apollo advanced to the 
iD higheft Degree of Honour and Worfhip ? 

M. By thefe four efpecially : By the Invention of 
Phyfick , Mufick , Poetry , and Rbetorick , which is aferib- 
ed to him ; and therefore he is fuppofed to prefide over 
the Mufes . It is faid, that he taught the Arts of foretel¬ 
ling Events, and (hooting with Arrows ; when therefore 
he had benefited Mankind infinitely by thefe Favours , 
they worfhipp’d him as a God. 1 Hear how glorioully 
he himfelf repeats his Accomplifhments of Mind and Na¬ 
ture, 


2 -* HefeiSy tenter aria y nejcis 

Quern ftgias, ideoque Jitgis ■ ■ ■ 

,"Jupiter ej} genii or* Per me quod eritque fuitque, 
Ejique y patet . Per me concordant car min a nervis £ 
Certa quidem nojtra, eft noftra tauten una fagitta. 
Certior , in vacuo qius rvuhiera peciore fecit . 

Inventum Medicina meum eft , Opiferque per erbetn 
Lie or, £sf Her bar inn eft fubjeSia petentia ?tobis. 

Stop thy rafh Flight, itay, lovely Nymph, ’tis I; 
No common Wretch, no barbVous Enemy ; 
Great Jove's my Father; I alone declare 
"What Things part, prefent, and what future are. 
By me the downy Eunuch fvveetly fings, 

I fofteil Notes compofe to founding Strings, 


My 



32 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

ture, where he magnifies himfelf to the flying Nymph , 
whom he pallionately loved. 

P. What memorable Things did he perform ? 

jkf. Many ; but efpecially thefe. 

1. He deftroyed all the Cyclops , the Forgers of Ju¬ 
piter's Thunder-bolts, with his Arrows, to revenge the 
Death of JEfcuiaphis his Son, whom Jnpiier had killed 
with Thunder, becaufe by the Help of his Phyfick he 
revived the Dead, i "Wherefore for this Fadt Apoll ? 
was call down from Heaven, and deprived of his Di¬ 
vinity, expofed to the Calamities of the World, and 
commanded to jive in Banifhment upon the Earth : In 
this Diftrefs 5 he was compelled by "Want to look after 
jid?netu$ 9 s Cattle $ where, tired with Pleafure, to pafs 
sway his Time, it is faid, that he firlt invented and 
formed a Harp. After this. Mercury got an Opportu¬ 
nity to drive away a few of the Cattle of his Herd by 
Stealth ; for which, while Apollo complained and threat¬ 
ened to .punifli him, unlefs he brought the lame Cattle 
back again, his Harp was alfo ftoien from him by Mer~ 
fury ; 6 fo that he could not forbear turning his Anger 
into Laughter. 

2. He raffed the Walls of the City of Troy y by the 
Mufick of the Harp alone $ if we may believe the 7 Poet. 


My Shafts ftrike fore, but one, alas! was found 
A furer, my unpractised Heart to wound ; 

PhyficIPs Divine Invention's all my own. 

And i a Helper thro’ the World am known : 

All Herbs I thoroughly know, and all their Ufe ; 

The healing Venues, and their baneful Juice. 

Ovid. Met am. s. 

Lucian. Dial. Mort. 5 Paufan. in Eliac. 

6 Hor. ?. Carm. 

* Hi on afpiciesy fimsataqtte t nr rthus a his 
Mcent a, A pollinate Jlrufla can ore lyres. 

Ovid. Epifi. Parid. 

Troy you (hall fee, and Walls divine admire5 
Built by the Mufick cf Apollo's Lyre. 


Some 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 



Some fay f that there was a Stone, upon which Apollo 
only laid down his Harp, and the Stone by the Touch 
of it alone became fo melodious, that, whenever it Was 
ftruckwith another Stone, it founded like a Harp. ' 

3. By Misfortune he killed Hyacintkus , a pretty and 
ingenious Boy that he loved. For, whilft Hyacintkus 
and he were playing together at Quoits, Zepbyrus was 
enraged, becauie Apollo was better beloved by Hyacin- 
tbus than himfelf; and, having an Opportunity of Re¬ 
venge, he puffed the Quoit that Apollo calf, againlt 
Hyacintbus ’s Head, by which Blow he fell down dead 
whereupon Apollo caufed the Blood of the Youth, that 
was fpilt upon the Earth, to produce Flowers called 
Violets , as g Ovid finely expreffes it. 

Befides, he was paffionately in Love with Cyparijfus , 
another very pretty Boy, who, when he had unfortu-. 
nately kill’d a fine Deer, which he exceedingly lov’d and 
had brought up from its Birth, was fo melancholy for 
his Misfortune, that he conflantly bewailed the Lofs of 
his Deer, and refufed all Comfort. h Apollo , becaufe 
before his Death he had begged of the Gods, that his 


f Paufan. in Attic. 

£ Ecce* cruor qui fufus humo Jignawer at herbas, 

Defoiit ejje cruor , Tyrioque ?iitentior ojlro 

Flos oritur , formamque capit, quam Lilia ; Jinon 

Purpureus color his , argenteus ejfet in illis . 

Behold the Blood, which late the Grafs had dy’d. 

Was now no Blood, from whence a Flower full blown 
Far brighter than the Tyrian Scarlet fhone. 

Which feem’d the fame, or did refemble right 
A Lilly, changingbut the red to white. . Ovid* Met. I O* 

^ —-- munuj'que Jupremum 

Hoc petit a J'uperisy ut tempore lugeat omni • 

Inge mu it trijlifque Deus, lugebere nobis , 

Lugebifque alios, aderifque dolentibus y inquit • 

Implores that he might never ceafe to mourn. 

When Phoebus fighing, I for thee will mourn. 

Mourn thou for others, Herfes fiil.l adorn. Qwid. Met . 10I 

D Mourn-* 



34 Qf th e Gods of the Heathens. 

* 

Mourning might be made perpetual, in Pity changed 
him into a Cyprefs-tree , the Branches of which were 
always ufed at Funerals.. 

4. He fell violently in Love with the Virgin Daphne , 
fo famous for her Modefty. When he purfued her 
while fhe fled to fecure her Chaftity from the Violence 
of his Paflxon, fhe was changed into a Laurel, the 1110ft 
chafte of Trees; which is never corrupted with the Vio¬ 
lence of Heat or Cold, but remains always flourifhing,, 
always pure. 1 There is a Story about this Virgin-Tree,, 
which better deferves our Admiration, than our Be¬ 
lief. A certain Painter was about to draw the Picture 
of Apollo upon a Table made of Laurel-Wood : And 
it is faid, k that the Laurel would not fuffer the Colours 
to flick to it, as .though the dead Wood was fenfible, 
and did abhor the Picture of the impure Deity, no 
lefs than if Daphne herfelf was alive within it. 

5. He courted alfo along Time the Nymph Bolina , 
but never could gain her; for, fhe chofe rather to throw 
herfelf into the River and be drowned, than yield to his 
lafcivious Flames. Nor did her invincible Modefty lofe 
its Reward. She gained to herfelf an Immortality by 
dying fo, and, facrificing her Life in the Defence of 
her Virginity, fhe not only overcame Apollo , but the 
very Powers of Death. She became immortal. 

6. Leucothoe^. the Daughter of Orchamus^ King' of 
a by lon, was not fo tenacious of her Chaftity : For, flic 

yielded at laft to Apollo’s Dcfires. 1 Her Father could 
not bear this Difgrace brought on his Family, and 


' 1 Liban. in Progymn. k Paufan. 1 . 7. 

1 - defodit alte 

Crudus humo , tumulunique fuper gravis addit arenas • 
lnterr’d her lovely Body in the Earth, 

And on it rais’d a Tomb of heavy Sand, 

Whole ponderous Weight her Riling might Withfiand. 


3 


there- 


Of the Gods of the lie at hens* ' 3 jj 

therefore buried her alive. m Apollo was greatly grieved 
hereat* and, though he could not bring her again to 
Life, he poured Nectar upon the dead Body, and there¬ 
by turned it into a Tree thatdrops Frankincenfe. Thefe 
Amours of Leucoihoe and Apollo had been difcovered to 
her Father by her Sifter Clyde , whom Apollo formerly- 
loved, but now deferted ; which fire feeing, pined 
away* with her Eyes continually looking up to the 
Sun, and at laft was changed into a n Flower called 
Sun-flower, or Heliot?'ope . 

7. Apollo was challenged in Mufi’c by Marfyas , a proud 
Mufician ; and when he had overcame him, 0 Apollo 
flayed him, becaufe he had dared to contend with him, 
and afterwards converted him into the River of the fame! 
Name in Phrygia . 

8 . But Midas , King of Phrygia^ having fool i fifty 
determined the Vidtory to the God Pan , when Apollo 
and he fang together, v Apollo ftretched his Ears to the 
Length and Shape of AfTes Ears. Midas endeavoured to 


m NeSlave odovato fparjit covpvfque locumque- 
Multaque conqucjlus, tanges tawen rsthera dixit. 

Protimis unbuiutn ccelcjli neSlave corpus 
Dehtuity terramque fuo madefecit odore $ 

Firgaque per glcbas , fenjim radicibus aSlis, 

*Tburea furrexit , tumulumque cacumine rupit * 

He mourn’d her Lofs, and fprinkled all her Hearfe 
With balmy Ncdtar, and more precious Tears. 

Then faid, fince Fate does here our Joys defer. 

Thou (halt afcend to Heav’n, and blefs me there i 
Her Body ftraight, embalm’d with heav’nly Art, 

Did a fweet Odour to the Ground impart. 

And from the Grave a beauteous Tree arlfc. 

That cheers the Gods with pleafing Sacrifice. Q-v . Met. 4. 
n Ovid. Metam. 4. 0 Ovid. Faft, 6. 


p - partem damnatur in unam • ' 

Induitzirque aures lente gradient/s a/ellt . 

Punifh’d in the offending Part,-he bears 
Upon his Skull a flow-pac'd Afs’s Ears, 

D 2 


Met . 1. 6. 

hide 


36 Of the- Gods of the Heathens * 

hide his Difgrace, as well as he could, by his Hair: 
But however, fince it was impoflible to conceal it from 
his Barber, he earneftly begged the Man, and prevailed 
with him, by great Promifes, not to divulge what he 
faw to any Perforr. But the Barber was not able to 
contain fo wonderful a Secret longer ; wherefore, he 
went and dug a Hole, and,, putting his Mouth to it, 
whifpered thefe Words, King Midas has AJfes Ears 5. 
then* filling up the Ditch with the Earth again, he 
went away. But, O wonderful and ftrange l The 
Reeds that grew out of that Ditch, if they were moved 
by the leaft Blaft of Wind, did utter the very fame 
Words which the Barber had buried in.it; to wit. King 
Midas has the Ears of an Afs r » 

<0 

9 * ■■■ ■ — feccdit , hwxumque 

Ejfodit, & domtni quales confpexerit aures, 

Voce refert par<vd . Metam. 1 . 15.0 

Pie dug a Hole, and in it whifpering faid. 

What monftrous Ears fprout from King Midas- Head \ 
r Aures Aiiuinas habetRex Midas* 

• ^ 

SECT. IIL Names of A p o l l o, 

A S the Lathis call him 2 Sol> becaufe there is but 

one Sun ; fo fome think the Greeks gave him the 
ISFame Apollo for the fame Reafon : Tho’ 1 others think 
that he is called Apollo , either becaufe he drives away 
Difeafes, or becaufe he darts vigoroufiy his Rays. 

He is called u Cynthius , from the Mountain Cy?2thus % 
in the Ifland of Delos± from whence Diana alfo is> called 
Cynthia. 

. warn m—m ■ — ■■■■■ ■■ ™ ->«»-■ 

4 Ab a particuia privativa, & *30 \>.oty quemadmodum Sol, 
quod lit folus, Chryfip* apud Gyr- rSynt. 7. p* 219. «.ttq 
•ts cLvrcc}X<z,rUiv f&crov,-, ab abigendis morbis, vel aVo 

tu$ ditTkvca;* u Varr. de Ling. Lat. Pint, apud Phurnut. 

% And 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 7 

And he is nam’d Delius from the fame IJland? be¬ 
caufe he was born there. Or, as f fome fay, becaufe 
Jpollo (who is the Sun) by his Light makes all Tilings 
manifeft 5 for which Reafon he is called s Pbanaus. 

He is named Delphinius h becaufe he killed the Ser¬ 
pent Python? called Delphis $ or elfe, becaufe, when 
Cajialius? a Cretan? carried Men to the Plantations., 
.Jpollo guided him in the Shape of a Dolphin . 

His Title Delphicas comes from the City Delphi in 
1 ceotia? which City is faid to be the * Navel of the Earth 5 
becaufe when JupiUr? at one Time, had fent for two 
Eagles, the one from the Eaft, and the other from the 
Weft, they met together by equal Flights exadlly at this 
Place, k Here Jpollo had the moft famous Temple in 
the World, in which he 1 uttered the Oracles to thofe 
who confuked him ; but he received them firft from 
Jupiter . They fay, that this famous Oracle became 
dumb at the Birth ofour Saviour? and, when Augujlus? 
who was a great Votary of Apollo? deftred to know 
the Reafon of its Silence, the Oracle anfwered m him, 
that in Judea? a Child was born, who was the fupreme 
God, and had commanded him to depart, and return 
no more Anfwers. 

Apollo was like wife called n Didynucus? which Word 


* Feflus c-un&a facit /. e. manifefta. & ’ a ?to (pec 

apparere,Macrob. & Phurnut. h Paufan.in. Attic. 1 Paufan. 
Z[Apcc*o<; tvs y%u *• e * Umbilicus Terras. k Phurnut. Lai&ant* 
1 ^Efcul. in Sacerd, 

m Me puer Hebrssits, divas Deus ipfe guhernans# 

C estere fede jubet? triftemquc redire fub or cum. 

Jr is ergo dehinc nojiris a bjcedi to , Crefasr. 

An Hebrew Child, whom the blefs’d Gods adore. 

Has bid me leave thefe Shrines, and pack to HelfJ, 

So that of Oracles I’ve now no more : 

Away then from our Altar, and farewell. 
n A vexbo SiSvfAM, genaelli, Macrob. apu&Gyrah fynt. j y 

P* *3* 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


hi Greek fignifies < Tvj'ms , by which are meant the two 
great Luminaries of Heaven., the Sun and the Moon p 
which alternately enlighten the World by Day and 

Night. 

He was alfo called 3 Nomius , which fignifi.es either a 
Shepherd* becaufe he fed the Cattle of Admetus ; or 
becaufe the Sun* as it were* feeds all Things that the 
Earth generates* by his Heat and Influence. Or per¬ 
haps this Title may fignify b Lawgiver ; and was given 
him* becaufe he made very fevere Laws, when he was 
King of Arcadia . 

He is called Prean^ either from c allaying Sorrows * or 
from his exaCt Skill in Hunting ; wherefore he is 
arm’d with Arrows. And we know that the Sun {trikes 
us* and often hunts us with his Rays* as with fo many 
Darts. By this Name Pcean^ his Mother Latona * and 
the Spectators of the Combat, encouraged Apollo , when 
he fought with the Serpent Python^ crying frequently, 
d Strike him , P<£an* with thy Darts . By the fame Name 
the Difeafed invoke his Aid* crying* c Meal us , Paean. 
And hence the Cuftom came* that not only all Hymns 
in the Praife of Apollo were called Ptea?ies , but alfo* in 
all Songs of Triumph in the Celebration of all Victories, 
. Men cried out* Io Pesan, After this Manner the airy 
and wanton Lover in f Ovid aCts his Triumph too. 
And from this Invocation Apollo himfelf was called"le*«>?• 


3 Nofxev?, /. e . Paltor, quod pavit Admeti gregem, vel 
quod quafi pafeat omnia, Phurnut. Macrob. b Lex 

Macrob. Cic. 3 * de Nat. Deor. c n etpet to tzccvzw 
a fedando moleftias, vel wupcc to <gxuUw 9 a feriendo. Feftus, 
d ,; Ie Treadv jace vel immitte, Paean ; nempe tela in feram. 
9 "U 'vjcaca, medere Paean. 

i Dicite Io Ptean, & Io> his difcite> P.ean ! 


Decidit in caffes prtsda. peiita meos . 

Sing Io Pa?a?i twice, twice Io fay : 

fifty Toils are pitch’d, and I have caught my Prey, 

Ovid , de Arte Am and. 


1. 2. 

He 


< 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



He is.called Phoebus f from the great Swiftnefs of liis 
Motion, or from his Method of Healing by Purging ; 
iince, by the Help of Phyfic, which was Apollo y s Inven¬ 
tion, the Bodies of Mankind are purged and cured. 

He.was named Pythlus , not only from the Serpent 
Python , which he killed, but like wife from g ofking and 
£onfulting \ for none among the Gods was more coni u It- 
ed, or delivered more Refponfes, or fpake more Oracles, 
than he; efpecially in the Temple, which he had at Del¬ 
phi, to which all Sorts of Nations, reforted, fo that it 
was called the Oracle of all the Earth h . The Oracles 
were given out by a young Virgin, till one was debauch - 
ed : Whereupon a Law was made, that a very ancient 
Woman, fhould give the Anfwers, in the Drefs of a 
young Maid, who was therefore call’d Pythia and Py- 
thtus , one of Apollo's Names $ and fometimes Phoohas , 
from Phoebus , another of them. But, as. to the Man¬ 
ner that the Woman underftood the God’s Mind, Mens 
Opinions differ. ■ Tally fuppofes,- that fome-Vapours 
exhaled out of the Earth, and affedted .the Brain much* 
and raifed in it a Power of Divination 
. P. .What was the Tripos on which ,the Pythian La dy 

fat : ? •' > : 

M: Some-fay, that it.was a Table with .th.i'eeJFeet, on 
which fhe placed herielf whenjfhe defigned to give forth 
Oracles s and, becaufe it was covered with the Skin of 
the Serpent Python , they call ..it alfo by the Name of 
.Cortina . k But others-fay., that it .was a Veflel, in which 
fhe was plunged before fhe prophe{*ed ; or rather,.that 
it was a golden Veffel furni(hed;,w;ith Ears, and fupport- 
ed by three T.eet, whence it was .called: Tripos ; and 


,f ’A? dore, (poirZv, quod vi feratur, vel a (poifidcj, purgo, 
X»il. Gyr. Synt.-y. p.,22 z. s ’Atto '&vi' 9 &y£cr$<zf 9 - ab interro- 
gando vel con fu lend o, Hygin. in fab., c.50. h Cic. pro 
Font. Diodor. i/Stat. Thebaid. Vide Orig. adv. Celf. 1 . 7. 
1 Cic, 1. de Divin7'i 4. apud Lil. Gyr." k Plut. in Solon. 




1 

s 



1 




4-0 Qf the Gods of the Heathens . 

* 

on this the Lady fat down. It happened that this Tri¬ 
pos was loft in the Sea, and afterwards taken up in the 
Islets of Eiftiermen, who mightily contended amongft 
themfelves, who ftiould have it 3 the Pythian Prieftefs, 
feeing afked, gave Anfwer, that it ought to be fent to 
'the wifejl If Ian of all Greece . Whereupon it was cai> 
ried to Thales of Miletus 3 who fent it to Bia$y as to a 
ivifer Perfon. Bias referred it to another, and that other 
deferred it to a fourth ; fill? after It had been fent back¬ 
ward and forward to all the wife Men, it returned agaify 
Thales , who dedicated it to flpollo at Delphos f _ 

P . Who were the wife Men of Greece ? 

M* Thefe feyen, to whole Names I adjoin the 
places of their Nativity 3 Thales of Miletus , Solon of 
: Athens , Chilo of Laced&mon , Pittacns of Mytilene , Bias 
pf Prieney ■ Cle oh ulus pf Lindiy and Periander of Co^ 
■rinth. I will add fome remarkable Things concerning 

9 m * % • ' • • ' . . • O » C? 

them. * 

Thales was reckoned among the wife Men, becaufe 
})e was believed to be the firft that brought Geo? 7 ictry 
into Greece . He firft obferved the Courfes of the Times, 
$he Motion of the Winds* the Nature of Thunder, and 

• i • » ». ' » ■ ' 1 r - 1 

the Motions of the Sun and the Stars. Being afked. 
What he thought the difHculteft Thing in the World ? 
he aufwered, to know one's felf\ which perhaps was the 
Qpeafion of the Advice written on the Front of Apql- 
Id's Temple, to thofe that were about to enter, 1 Know 
thyfelf, For there ajre very few that-kn.ow themfelves. 

'"When Solon, vifited Crcefus the King of Lydiay the 
King fhewed his vaft Treasures to him, and alked 
him wheth.er he knew a Man happier than he ? Tes 9 
fays Sploriy 1 know fpellus, a very poor 7 but a very virtu¬ 
ous Man at Athens, who lives in a little Tenement there ; 
and he is more happy than your Majefy : For^ neither 
'can thefe Things make us hdppyy * which are fubjelt to 
foe Changes of the Times 3 nor is any one to be thought , 




f # ‘ ' * 

1 azavTov, Nofce teipfum-. Laert . 

' 1 * 


truly 


4 V 


Of the Gods of the lie Athens. 41 

truly happy till he dies, p It is faid, when King Crcefus 
•was afterwards taken Prifoner by Cyrus , and laid upon 
the Pile to be burnt-, he remembered this Saying of 
Solon j and often repeated his Name ; fo that Gyrus afked 
why he cried out Solon , and who the God was, whofe 
Affiftance he begged. Crcefus faid, I find nozv by Ex¬ 
perience that to be true , which heretofore he faid to me ; 
and fo he told Cyrus the Story : Who, hearing it, was 

. fo touched with the Senfe of the Viciffitude of human 

^ # « % • - - 

Affairs, that he preferved Crcefus from the Fire, and 
ever after had him in great Honour. 

Chi lo had this faying continually in his Mouth, q De~ 
fire nothing too much . Yet, when his Son, had got the 
yi£Iory at the Olympick Games, the good Mail died 
with Joy, and all Greece honoured his Funeral. 

Bias.) a Man no lefs famous for Learning than Nobility, 
preferved his Citizens a long Time : And zvhcn at laj ?, 
* fays Tidly^ his Country Priene was taken , and the rejl of the 
Inhabitants , in their Efcape 0 carried azvay with them as 
much of their Goods as they coufd 3 one advifed him to do 
the fame-, but he made Anfwer, s It is what I do already , 
for all the Things that are mine I carry about me. He often 
faid, t that Friends Jhould remember to love one another , fo 
as Per forts who may fometimes hate one another . 

Of the reft, nothing extraordinary is reported. 

• • s _ • • _ 4 « « 


■ 1 » • * • 

p Plutarch. Herodotus, q Nequid nimiurn cupias, Plin. 
1 , 7. c. 32. r De Amicitia. ? Ego vero facio, nam omnia 
mea mecum po'rto, Val. Max. 1 . c. 2. 1 Amicos ita amare 

/ / ^ ^ • 1 • • 

oporteret ut aliquando eiTent ofuri. Laert . 

t. ' . • x % • * • 1 • 


SECT. IV. 


of 


A p o l l o means the Sun. 

f r • t • • ♦♦ 

A 

*|T VE RY one agrees, that by u Apollo the Sun is to be 
JZLy underftood; for, the four chief Prophecies afcrib- 
'ed to ApoW were, the Arts of Prophefying , of Heal - 


« * • * ^ 





ing 9 of Darting , and of Adufzck 9 of all which we may 
£nd in the Sun a lively Reprefentation and Image. 
Was Apollo famous for his Skill in Prophefying and 
Divination ? And what is more agreeable to the Na¬ 
ture of the Sun, than by its Light to difpel Darknefs, 
and to make minifeft hidden and concealed Truth? 
Was Apollo famous for his Knowledge of Medicine, 
and his Power of Healing ? Surely nothing in the 
World conduces more to the Health and Prefervation 


of all Things, than the Sun’s Heat and Warmth : And 
therefore thofe Herbs and Plants, which are moft: ex- 
pofed to its Rays, are found to have moft Power and Vir¬ 
tue. Thirdly, Is Apollo (kilful in Darting or Shooting ? 
And are not the Sun’s Rays like fo many Darts or Ar¬ 
rows fhot from his Body to the Earth ? And; laftly, 
how well does Apollo* s Skill in Muftck agree to the Na¬ 
ture of the Sun, which, being placed in the Midft of 
the Planets, makes with them a Kind of Harmony, and 
all together, by their uniform Motion, make, as it were, 
a Concert, of Muftck ? And, becaufe the Sun is thus 


placed the middlemoft of the feven Planets, the Poets 
aflert, that the Inftrument which Apollo plays on^As a 
Harp with feven Strings. 

Beftdes, from the Things facrificed to. Apollo, r - it ap¬ 
pears that he was the Sun : The firft of which Things 
was the OUve 9 the Fruit of which fo loves the Sun, that 


it cannot be nourifh’d in Places diftant from it. • 2. The 


Laurel , g a Tree of a hot Nature, always flourifhing, 
never old, and conducing not a little towards Divina¬ 
tion, and therefore the Poets are crowned with Laurel. 
3. Among Animals, Szvans h are offered to him ; be¬ 
caufe, as was obferved before, they have from Apollo a 
Faculty ofDivination, for they, forefeeing the Happinefs 
in Death, die ftnging and pleafed. 4. Griffins alfo, and 
Crozvs, were facred to him for the fame Reafon 5 and the 
JHawk 9 which has Eyes as bright and piercing as the Sun; k 


f Theocr. in Here. g Aerius. h Cic. Tufcul. 1. 

* 


the 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 43 

^he Goc&t which foretels his Riling; and the GraJhoppei\ 
a finging Creature : Wherefore e it was a Cuftom 
among the Athenians to faften golden Grafhoppers to 
their Hair, in Honour of Apollo . 

And especially, if f we derive the Name of Laiona , 
the Mother of Apollo and Diana , from the Greek *«*- 
Saw \lanthano , *0 A/rf] it will fignify that before 
the Birth of Apollo and Diana , that is, before the Pro¬ 
duction of the Sun and the Moon, all Things lay in¬ 
volved in Darknefs : From whence thefe two glorious 
Luminaries afterwards proceeded, as out of the Womb 
of a Mother. 

4 

But, notwithstanding all this, feveral poetical Fa¬ 
bles have Relation only to the Sun, and not to Apollo . 
And of thofe therefore it is necefTary to treat apart. 


c Thucyd. Schol. Arift. * Vid. Lil. Gyr. i. in A poll. 



CHAP. VI. 

The Sun. His Genealogy and Names . 

<FW |^HIS glorious Sun, which illuftrates all Things 

with his Light, is called 60/, as a Tally fays, 
pither becaufe he is the O N LY Star that is of that Mag¬ 
nitude ; or becaufe , when he rifes , he puts out all the other 
Stars , and ONLY appears himfelf Although the Poets 
have faid, that there were five Sols ; and Tully reckons 
them up: Yet, whatever they delivered concerning 
each of them feverally, they commonly apply to one, 
who was the Son of Hyperion , and Nephew to JEther* 
jbegotten of an unknown Mother. 

* • • ^ • 

* 

a Vel quia Solus ex omnibus lideribus tantus eft; vel quia 
,cum exortus eft, obfeuratis omnibus, Sdus appareat. Cic. de 
jNat. Deorum, 1. 2. & 3. 


The 



44 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The Perjians call the Sun m Jldith'ra , and, account¬ 
ing him the greateft of their Gods, worfhip him in a 
Cave. His Statue bears the Head of a Lion , on which 
a Turbant, called Piara^ is placed ; and it is cloathed 
with Pcrftan Attire, holding with both Plands a mad 
Bull by the Horns. n Thofe that defired to become his 
Priefts, and underfland his Myfteries, did firft undergo 
a great many Hardfhips, Difgraces, Stripes, Colds, 
Heats, and other Torments, before they could attain 
to the Honour of that Employment. And, behold the 
Holinefs of their Religion ! It was not lawful for the 
Kings of Perfia to get drunk, but upon that Day in 
• which the Sacrifices were offered to Mithra 

The Egyptians called the Sun p Horns ; whence comes 
the Name of thofe Parts called HorrsHours $ into which 
the Sun divides the Day. They reprefented his Power 
by a Sceptre, on the Top of which an Eye was placed ; 
by which they fignify that the Sun fees every Thing, 
and that all Things are fefen by his Means. 

Thefe q Horcs were thought to be the Daughters of 
Sol and Chronis , who early in the Morning prepare the 
Chariot and the Horfes for their Father, and open the 
Gates of the Day. 


_ * • 

Helycn. &La£lant. Gram, apud Lil. Gyr. n Durisy. 

Hift. ap. Athen. ° Greg. Nazianz. Orat. i. in Juh P Plut. 
Sc Oiir. s Horner. Iliad. & QdyfF. 4.. Plutarch. Boccac. 

‘1. 4. c. 4. 

1 

S E C T. I. Attions <f S o l. 


N O other Actions of Sol are mentioned, but his 

Debaucheries, and Love Intrigues between him 
and his Miftreffes ; whereby he obfeured the Honour 
of his Name : The moll remarkable of which are 
thefe that folloWc 


l He 

T ■ # 4* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


4 $ 


t. He lay with Venus in the Xfland of Rhodes , in which. 
Time, r it is faid that th©~Heavens rained Gold, and the 
Earth cloathed itfelf with Rofes and Lilies, from whence 
the Kland was called s Rhodes . 2. Of Cly?nene , he begat 

one Son, named Phaeton , and feveral Daughters. 3. Of 
Neara , he begat Pafphae , and of Parce , CTree. To 
omit the reft of his Brood, of more obfeure Note, ac¬ 
cording to my Method I fhall fay fomething qf each of 
thefe j butfirft (fince I have mentioned Rhodes) I will 
fpeak a little of the Rhodian CoIoJJiis , which was one of 
the Seven Wonders of the World , and of the other fix. 


r Pindar, in Olymp. 


5 ’A7 to tov goot?, a Rofa. 


SECT, ir 


of the World\ 


P. AT were thofe Seven Wonders of the World P 

VV M They are thefe that follow. 

1. The ColofJUs at Rhodes , 1 a Statue of the Sun feventy 
Cubits high, placed a-crofs the Mouth of the Harbour 5 
one Man could notgrafp his Thumb with both his Arms. 
Its Thighs were flretched out to fuch a Diftance, that a 
large Ship under fail might eafily pafs into the Port be¬ 
twixt them. It was twelve Years making, and coft three 
Hundred Talents u . It flood fifty ifears, and at laft was 
thrown down by an Earthquake. And from this Colofs 
the People of Rhodes were named Colojfenfes , and now 
every Statue of an unufual Magnitude is called ColoJJus . 

2. The Temple of Diana , at Ephefus, was a Work 
of the greateft Magnificence, which the Ancients pro- 
digioufiy admired : vv Two Hundred and twenty Years 
were fpent in finifhing it, though all Afia was employ¬ 
ed. It was fupported by an Hundred and twenty-feven 
Pillars, fixty Feet high, each of which was raifed by 


1 Plin. 34. c. 17. u A Rhodian Talent Is worth 322/. 
xBs. 4 d, Englijh Money. w Plin. 1 . 7, c. 38. Sc 1 . 16. c. 40. 

as 


4 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

as many Kings. Of thefe Pillars thirty-feven were 
engraven. The Image of the Goddefs was made of 
Ebony > as we learn from Hiftory. 

3. The Maufoleum , or Sepulchre of Maufoleus King 
of Carla, f built by his Queen Artemijia , of the pureit 
Marble ; and yet the Workmanfhip of it was much 
more valuable than the Marble. It was, from North 
to South, fixty-three Feet long, almoft four hundred 
and eleven Feet in Compafs, and twenty-five Cubits, 
(that is, about thirty-five Feet) high, furrounded with 
thirty-fix Columns, that were beautified in a wonder¬ 
ful Manner : And from this Adaufoleum all other fump- 
tuous Sepulchres are called by the fame Name. 

4. A Statue of "Jupiter , in the Temple of the City 
g Olympia , carved with the greateft Art by Phidias, out 
of Ivory, and made of a prodigious Size. 

5. The Walls of the City of Babylon , (which was 
the Metropolis of Chaldea) h built by Queen Semiramis , 
whofe Circumference was fixty Miles, their Breadth 
fifty Feet; fo that fix Chariots might conveniently 
pafs upon them in a Row. 

- 6. The ' Pyramids of Egypt ; three of which, remar¬ 
kable for their Height, do ftill remain. The firft has a 
fquar eBaJis, and is one hundred and forty-three Feet long 
and aThoufand high: It is made of fuch great Stones, 
that the le.aft of them is thirty Feet thick. Three hun¬ 
dred and fixty-thoufand Men were employed in building 
it, for the Space of twenty Years. The two other Pyra¬ 
mids, which are fomewhat fmaller, attraft the Admira¬ 
tion of all Speftators. And in thefe Pyramids, it is re¬ 
ported, the Bodies of the Kings of Egypt lie interred. 

7. The Royal Palace of k Cyrus , King of the Medes, 
made by Meiion, with no lefs Prodigality than Art 3 
for, he cemented the Stones with Gold. 

f Plin. lib. 36. c. 5. p Idem. L 36. c. 3. h Idem. 1 . 6. 
c. 26. 1 Plin. 1. 36. c.13. Belo. 1. 2. c. 32. Sing. Obfer- 

vat. k Calepin. V. Miraculum. 

SECT. 



•JC* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



SECT. III*.. It he Children of the Sun . 

N OW let us turn our Difcourfe again to SoPs 

Children ; the moft famous of which was Phae- 
ton, who gave the Poets an excellent Opportunity of 
{hewing their Ingenuity by the following Action. Epa- 
phus , one of the Sons o {Jupiter? quarrelled with Phae- 
ton , and faid, that., though he called himfelfthe Son of 
ftpollo, he was not ; and, that his Mother Clymene in¬ 
vented this Pretence only to cover her Adultery- This 
Slander fo provoked Phaeton , that, by his Mother’s Ad¬ 
vice, he went to the Royal Palace of the Sun, to bring 
from thence fome indubitable Marks of his Nativity^ 
The Sun received him, when hecame, kindly, and own’d 
him his Son; and, to take away all Occafion of Doubt¬ 
ing hereafter, he gave him Liberty to afk any Thing* 
fwearing by the Stygian Lake ( which Sort of Oath none of 
theGWx dare violate) that he would not deny Him. Here¬ 
upon Phaeton deft red leave to govern his Father 7 s Cha¬ 
riot for one Day, which was the Occafion of great 
Grief to his Father; who, forefeeing his Son’s Ruin 
thereby, was very uneafy that he had obliged himfelf to 
grant a RequefI: fo pernicious to his Son ; and there¬ 
fore endeavoured to peffuade him not to perfift in his 
Delire, a telling him that he fought his own Ruin, and 
was defirous of undertaking an Employment above his 

Ability* 




a - Pemeraria dixit 

Vox mea faff a tua eft. lit in am promiffh liter et 
IS on dare : Conftteor, /alum hoc tibi , natc, negarem, 
DiJJuadere licet • Non eji tua tuta voluntas ; 

Magna petis, Phaeton, & quae non viribus i /1 is 
Munera conveniiwt y nec ta?n puerilibus. annis, 

Sors tua mortal is : non eft snort ale, quod opt as* 
*T\vas this alone I could refufe a Son, 

Elfe by’s own Wifh apd my rafh Oath undone. 


ou 





Of the Gods of the Heathens • 


Ability, and which no Mortal was capable to execute. 
x Phaeton was not moved with the good Advice of his 
Father, but prefled him to keep his Promife, and per¬ 
form what he had fworn by. the P-iver Styx to do. In 
Abort, the Father was forced to comply with his Son’s 
Ralhnefs ; and therefore unwillingly granted what was 
not now in his Power, after his Oath, to deny ; never- 
thelefs, he directed him how to guide the Horfes, and 
efpecially he advifed him to obferye the middle Path. 
Phaeton was tranfported with Joy, y mounted the Cha¬ 
riot, and taking the Reins, he began to drive the Hor¬ 
fes, which, finding him unable to. govern them, ran 
away, and fet on Fire both the Heavens and the Earth. 
Jupiter , to put an End to the Conflagration, ftrUclt 
him out of the Chariot with Thunder, and caft him 
headlong into the River Pa . His Sifters Phaethufa , 
Lampetia , and Pbaeba , lamenting his Death inceflant- 
ly upon the Banks of that River, were turned, by the 


Thou to thy Ruin my rafh Vow doll weft: 

O ! would I could break Promife. Thy Requeft, 

Poor haplefs Youth, forego ; retraft it now. 

Recall thy With, and I can keep my Vow. 

Think, Phaeton , think o’er thy wild Defires, 

That Work more Years, and greater Strength, requires: 
Confine thy Thoughts to thy own humble Fate.: 

What thou wouldft'ft have, becomes no mortal State. 

x , — Pi a is tamen ille repugnat 9 

Propofk unique premit> fiagratque cupidine currus . 

In vain to move his Son the - Father aim’d. 

He, with Ambition’s hotter Fire inflam’d, 

His Sire’s irrevocable Promife claim’d, 
y Occupat ille levem juvenili cor pore cur rum , 

Statque fuper , manibufquc da fas coniingere habenas 
Gaudet , invito grates agit indeparenti . 

Now Phaeton, by lofty Hopes poflefs’d. 

The burning Seat with joyful Vigour prefs’d; 

With nimble Hands the heavy Reins he weigh’d. 

And Thanks unpleafing to his Father paid. 

Ovid. Met am ,!. 2. 





Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 49 

pity of the Gods into Poplar-Trees? from that Time 
weeping Amber inftead of Tears. A great Fire that 
happened in Italy near the Po , in the Time of King 
Phaeton , was the Occafion of this Fable. And the Am*- 
bit ions are taught hereby what Event they ought to ex¬ 
pert, when they foar higher than they ought. 

v Circe , the mod: fkilful of all Sorcerefles, poifoned 
her Hufband, a King of the Sarmatians ; for which 
fhe was banifhed by her Subjects, and, flying into Italy ^ 
fixed her Seat upon the Promontory Circcewn? where 
fhe fell in Love with Glaucus a Sea God , who at the 
fame Time loved Scylla : Circe turned her into a Sea- 
Mo offer, by poifoning the Water in which fhe ufed to 
wafh. She entertained UlyJJis , who was driven thither 
by the Violence of Storms, with great Civility 5 and 
reftored 4 his Companions unto their former Shapes 5 
whom, according to her ufual Cuftom, fhe had chang¬ 
ed into Hogs, Bears, Wolves, and the like Beafts, Ulyfi* 
fes was armed againft her Aftaults; Co that fhe fet upon 
him in vain. It is . faid that fhe drew down the very 
Stars from Heaven ; whence we are plainly informed 
that Voluptuoufnefs (whereof Circe is the Emblem) 
alters Men into ravenous and filthy Beafts j that even 
thofe who with the Luftre of their Wit and Virtue 
fhine in the World as Stars in the Firmament, when 
once they addict themfelves to obfeene Pleafures, be¬ 
come obfeure and inconfiderable, falling, as it were, 
headlong from the Glory of Heaven. 

q Pajiphae was the Wife of Minos , King of Crete : 
She fell in Love with a Bull, and obtained her Defire 
by the Afiiftance of Daedalus , who, for that Purpofe, 
inclofed her in a wooden Cow : She brought forth a 
Minotaur , a Monfter, one Part of which was like a 
Man, the other like a Bull. r Now the Occafion of 


p Ovid. Metam. 14. 
ap. Boccat. 1 . 4. 


Ovid. Metam. 1 


E 


r Serv. 
this 


go Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

this Fable, they fay, was this : Pafiphae loved a Man 
whofe Name was Taurus , and had Twins by him in 
Desdalus’s Houfe; one of whom was very like her 
Hufband Minos , and the other like its Father. But 
however that is, the Minotaur was fhut up in the La¬ 
byrinth that Dcedalus made by the Order of King Mz~ 
nos; This Labyrinth was a Place diverfified with ve¬ 
ry many Windings and Turnings, and Crofs-paths 
running into one another. How this Minotaur was 
killed, and by whom, I fliall {hew particularly in its 
Place in the Hiftory of The feus . p Dcedalus was an-ex¬ 
cellent Artificer of Athens*, who firft, as it is faid, in¬ 
vented the Ax, the Saw, the Plumb-line, the Augre, 
and Glue $ alfo he firfl contrived Mails and Yards for 
Ships : Refides, he carved Statues fo admirably, that 
they not only feemed alive, but would never Hand Hill 
in one Place; nay, would fly away unlefs they were 
chained. This Daedalus^ together with Icarus his Son, 
was lhut up by Minos in the Labyrinth which he had 
made, becaufe he had a Hilled the Amours of Pafphae 5 
whereupon he made Wings for himfelf and his Son, 
with Wax and Feathers of Birds : Faftenino- thefe 
Wings to his Shoulders, he flew out of Crete into Si¬ 
cily ; at which Time Icarus , in his Flight, neglected 
his Father’s Advice, and obferved not his due Courfe, 
but, out of a juvenile Wantonnefs, flew higher than 
he ought; whereupon the Wax was melted by the 
Heat of the Sun, and the Wings broke in Pieces, and 
he fell into the Sea, which is fince, q according to Ovid 7 
named the Icarian Sea, from him. 

Tp thefe Children of the Sun y we may add his 
Niece and his Nephew Sybils and Caunus. Sybils 

was fo much in Love with Caunus , though he was her 

♦ 

p Ovid. Met am, L 8. Paufan. in Attic. 

- Icarus lean’is nomhm fecit aqins . Ovid. I. Trill. 

Icarian Seas' from Icarus were call’d,, 

Brother, 



























































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . 5 x 

Brother* that fhe employed all her Charms to entice 
him to commit Inceft; and when nothing would over¬ 
come his Modcftv, fhe followed him fo Jong, that at 
Jaft being quite opprefled with Sorrow and Labour, 
flie fat down under a Tree, and fhed fuch a Quantity 
of Tears, f that fhe was converted into a Fountain,, 

f Sic lachiymis confumpta.fiiis Phcsbeia By b lis 

Vertitur in fbntem 9 qui nunc quoquc <v all: bus imis 

Nomen ka.bet domhue, nigraquej’ub illice manat a Gy, Met, 

Thus the Pbaebean Byblis fperit in Tears 

Becomes a living Fountain, which yet bears 

Her Name-, and, under a black Holm that grows 

In thole rank Vallies, plentifully hows. Sandys^ 

CHAP, VII. 

Mercury, His Image and Birth „ 

F. TTfHO is that young Man, 5 with a cheerful 
V V Countenance, an honefc Look, and lively 
Eyes ; who is fo fair without Paint: having Wings fixed 
to his Hat and his Shoes, and a Rod in his Hand, which 
is winged, and bound about by a Couple of Serpents ? 

lid. It is the Image of Mercury, as the Egyptiews paint 
him ; whofe Face is partly black and dark, and partly 
clear and bright; becaufe fometimes he converfes with 
the Celejlial , and fometimes with the Infernal Gods. He 
wears winged Shoes (which are properly called c Ialaria) 
Wings are alfo fattened to his Hat (which is alfo called 
Peiafus) becaufe, fince he is the Mefienger of the Gods ? 
he ought not only to run but to tty. 

P. Of what Parents was he born ? 

t 

* 

i Galen, ap. Nat. Com. 1 . 5. 

E 2 


M. His 


52. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

h His Parents were 'Jupiter , and Mai a the Daugh¬ 
ter of ; and for that Reafon, perhaps, they ufed 

to offer Sacrifices to him in the Month of May. They 
fay that Juno fuckled him a while in his Infancy ; and 
once, while he fucked the Milk very greedily, his 
Mouth being full, it ran out of it upon the Heavens; 
which made that white Stream which they call 1 the 
Milky Way. 

.—h i mm- 0 — wm — —— ■*— 

h Hefiod-in Theogon. Hor. carm. I*. 1. i via ladtea 
quam Gra3ci vocant Galaxiam, dura ra yctha kI®* a la£te 
Macro b*. Sc Suidas* 

S E C T. L 

Mercury. His Offices and Qualities* 

P. II 7 HAT were Mercury's Offices and Qualities? 

W M. He had many Offices, x, k The firfl 
and chiefeft of them was to carry the Commands of 
Jupiter ; whence he is commonly called the Meffienger 
of the Gods. 2. He fwept the Room where the Gods 
fupped, and made the Beds 5 and underwent many o- 
ther the like fervile Employments; hence he was ftiled 
1 Camillus or Cafmillus , that is, an inferior Servant of the 
Gods ; for anciently m all Boys and Girls under Age 
were called Camilli and n Camilles'. And the fame Name 
was afterwards given to the young Men and Maids, 
who 0 attended the Priefls at their Sacrifices: Though 
the People of Bceotia p , inftead of Camillus , fay Ca dunl¬ 
ins ; perhaps from the Arabic Word Chadam , to ferve ; 
or from the Phoenician Word Chadmel , God's Servant , 
or Minifler facer. 3. q Pie attended upon dying Per- 
fons to unloofe their Souls from the Chains of the 


k Lucian, dial. Mai as Sc Mercurii. - 1 Stat. Tullian, 

z. devocab. reram. Serv. in 12 Jin. n Pacuv. in Me¬ 
dea. Dion. Halicarn. 1 . 2. Macrob. Saturn. 3. 0 Bochart. 

Geogr. 1 . 1. c. z. p Sophocl. in CEdip. q Horn. OdyfT. J. 

Body,. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 53 

Body, and to carry them to Hell. He alfo revived, and 
placed into new Bodies, t'hofe Souls which had com- 
pleated their full Time in the Elyfan Fields. q Almoft 
all which Things Virgil does comprife in feven Verfes. 

His remarkable Qualities were likewife many. n 
They fay, that he was the Inventor of Letters. This is 
certain, he excelled in Eloquence, and the Art of [peak- 
ing well ; infomuch that the Greeks called him Hermes^ 
from his Skill r in interpreting ox explaining ; and there¬ 
fore he is accounted s the God of the Rhetoricians and 
Orators. 2. He is reported to have been the Inven¬ 
tor of'Contrails, Weights, and Meafures ; and to have 
taught the Arts of Buying, Selling, and Trafficking 
full; and to have received the Name of Mercury from 
t his underjlanding of Merchandise. Hence he is accoun¬ 
ted the God of the Merchants , and the God of Gain ; 
fo that all unexpected Gain and Treafure, that comes 
of a fudden, is, from him, called L^asTov or le^Tov 
[Hermelon .or Hcrmaion.~\ 3. In the Art of Thieving 


3 Dixcrat. Me patris magni par ere parabat 
Imperio, iff primum pedibus lalaria 77 eft it 
Jlurea , quee fublimem ah'sfive esquoi -a ftp ra 
Sett terram rapido pariier cu?n fa?nme perianth 
'Turn <virga?n capit ; hac anhnas ille eve cat Oreo 
Palle?2tes , alias fub trifia Vartara ; 

Dat fomtios , adhtiitque^ iff lumina ?norte ref gnat. 

Hermes obeys; with golden Pinions binds 

His flying Feet, and mounts the Weflern Winds: 

And, whether o'er the Seas or Earth he flies. 

With rapid Force they bear him down the Skies. 

But firfl he grafps, within his awful Hand, 

The Marks of fovexeign PowV, his magick Wand ; 
With this he draws the Souls from hollow Graves ; 

With this he .drives them down the Stygiaii Waves 
With this hefealsin fleep the wakeful Sight, 

And Eyes* tho’clos'd in Death, reflares to light 'Vir JEn. 4. 
* 'Atto t 3 zpfMrsEvijy, i. e. ab interpretando. s TerfuL 1, 
de Coronis. Feftus. Fulgent. 1 A mercibus, vel a mercium 
■cura, Philoflrat. in Soph. 3. 



54 Qf tb e Gods of the Heathens. 

? he certainly excelled all the Sharpers that ever were* 
or will be: for he is the very Prince and God of Thieves* 
The very Day in which he was born, he {foie away fome 
Cattle from King Admetus’s Herd, although Apollo was 
Keeper of them ; who complained much of the 7 'heft, 
and bent his Bow againft him : But, in the mean Time, 
Mercury flole even his Arrows from him. Whilft he 
was yet an Infant, and entertained by Vulcan , he flole 
his Tools from him.- He took away by Stealth Venus's 
Girdle, whilft {he embraced him ; and Jupiter's Scep¬ 
tre : He defigned to fteal the Thunder too, but he was 
afraid left it fhould burn him. 4. He was mightily fkil- 
rul in making Peace; and for that Reafon was fome- 
times painted with Chains of Gold flowing from his 
Mouth, with which he linked together the Minds of 
thole that beard him. And he not only pacified mor¬ 
tal Men, but alfo the immortal Gods of Heaven and 
Hell; for, whenever they quarrelled among them- 
felves, he compofed their Differences. 

'And this Pacificatory Faculty of his is fignified by the 
Pod that he holds in his Hand, which Apollo heretofore 
gave him, becaufe he had given Apollo an Harp. q This 
Rod had a wonderful Faculty of deciding all Contra - 
verfies. This Virtue was fir ft difeovered by Mer¬ 
cury \ who feeing two Serpents fighting as he tra¬ 
velled, he put his Rod between them, and reconciled 

* 

r Lucian. Dial. Apoll. Sc Vulc. 

9 Pacts A armor uni , fieperis imi/que D corum , 

Arbiter , alato qui pede carpit iter. Ovid Faft. 1 . 
Thee wing’d foot all the Gods, both high and low. 

The Arbiter of Peace and War allow. 

Atlantis Vcgates Nepos, commune profiundis 
pi jit peris Numen , qui fas per Ihncn utrumque 
Solus babes , geminoque jacis compe?idia inundo. 

Fair Mara's Son, whole Pow’r alone doth reach 
High Heaven’s bright Towers, and Hell’s duiky Beach, 
A common.God to both, doll both the Worlds appeafe. 

Claudian de Rapt f Prof* 

them 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 5 5 

them prefently, and they mutually embraced each other* 
and ftuck to the Rod, which is called Caditceus\ and 
from p hence all Ambaftadors fent to make Peace axe 
called Cadaceatores. For, as Wars were denounced by 
q Feci ales , fo they were ended by Caduceatores . 

_ . _ ---i- - - _.m. ____1 hi ..1 ■ 1 ~ 11—1 I — 

p Homer In Hymnis, * Lexic* Lat. in hoc Verbo* 

SECT II. AStions ofNl ercury« 

P, A RE any of his Actions recorded in Hiftory ? 

JTjL M. Yes, feveral; and fuch as in my Judg¬ 
ment do not much deferve to be remembered* How¬ 
ever the following Account is moft remarkable. 

He had a Son by his Sifter Ve?nis 0 called p Henna<* 
phroditus* who was a great Hunter. In tbofe Woods 
where he frequently hunted, a Nymph called Sahnacis 
lived, who greatly admired and fell in Love with him 5 
for he was very beautiful, but a great Woman-hater,, 
She often tempted the young Man, but was often re- 
pulfcd 1 yet flie did not defpair. She lay in Ambufli at 
a Fountain where he ufuallycame to bathe, and, when 
he was in the Water, fhe alfo leaped in to him 5 but nei¬ 
ther fo could /he overcome his extraordinary Modefly* 
Thereupon, it is faid, fhe prayed to the Gods above, 
that the Bodies of both might become one, which was 
granted. Hcrtnaphroditus was amazed when he; faw 
this Change of his Body; and defired that, for his Com¬ 
fort, fome other Perfon might be like him. He obtain¬ 
ed his Requeft; for q whofoever wafhed himfelf in that 
Fountain (called Salmacis , in the Country of Carta) be¬ 
came an Hermaphrodite , that is, had both Sexes. I am 
unwilling to omit the following Story. 

A Herd fm an, whofe Name was Bait us , faw Mercury 
ftealing Admetus 9 s Cows from Apollo their Keeper* 


p i . e. Mercurio Venus, nam eft Mercimus & 

iiT«? Venus. s Ovid* Met am. L a c 

E 4 


When 



When Mercury perceived that his Theft was difcover- 
ed, he went to Battus , and defired that he would fay no¬ 
thing, and gave him a delicate Cow. Battus promiled 
him Secrecy. Mercury , to try his Fidelity, came in 
another Shape to him, and afked him about the Cows: 
Whether he faw them, or knew the Place where the 
Thief carried them ? Battus denied it; but Mercury 
prefled him hard, and promifed that he would give him 
both a Bull and a Cow, if he would difeover it. With 
this Promife he was overcome ; whereupon Mercury 
was enraged, and, laying afide his Difguife, turned him 
into a Stone called Index. This Story defer ibes in 
fuch elegant Verfes that I cannot but recite them r . 

The Ancients ufed to fet up Statues where the Roads 
crofled; thefe Statues they called Indices , becaufe, with 
an Arm or Finger held out, they fhewed the Way to this 
or that Place. The Romans placed fome in Public Places 
and Highways; as the Athenians did at their Doors, to 
drive away Thieves; and they called thefe Statues 
Henna >, from Mercury^ whofe Greek Name was Hermes: 
Concerning which Hermes it is to be obferved, 

I. Thefe Images have neither 5 Hands nor Feet, and 
from hence Mercury was called Cyllenius , and by Con- 
$ra£tian 1 Cyllius^ which Words are derived from a Greek 


r At Battus , poJlqua?n efi merces gcmznata , fub illzs 
Monti bus, inquit , erant: & era'at fub montibus ill is ► 

Rifit Atlantiades, & me mibi y perfede^ prodis ; 

Me mi hi prodis , ait ? perjuraque pedtora ajertit 
In durumJilicem , qui nunc qtwqiie dicitur Index. 

Battus 9 on th’ double Proffer, tells him, there; 

Beneath thofe Hills, beneath thofe Hills they were. 
Then Hermes laughing loud* What Kna\ r e, I fay. 

Me to njyfelf, myfelf to rne betray ? 

Then to aTouchftone turn’d his perjur’d Breaft, 

Whofe Nature now is in that Name exp refs } d. 

5 Sunt" Atto^e; iC) dxagss Hero d. 1 . i. ? Kvaao$ i. e. ma. 

nuum Sc pedum expers. Lil. Gyraldus. 

" I Word 

^ * % * * 
























































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

ft 

Word fignifying a Man without Hands and Feet ; and 
not from Cyllene , a Mountain in Arcadia , in which he 

was educated. 

2. A Purfe was ufually hung to a Statue of Mercury , 
c (o fignify that he was the God of Gain and Profit , and 
prefided over Merchandizing; in which, becaufe ma¬ 
ny Times Things are done by Fraud and Treachery, 
they save him the Name of Dallas . 

3. The Romans ufed to join the Statues of Mercury 
and Minerva together, and thefe Images they called f 
Hermathenas'y and facrificed to both Deities upon one 
and the fame Altar. Xhofe who had efcaped any great 
Danger, always offered Sacrifices to Mercury: z They 
offered up a Calf, and Milk, and Honey, and efpecially 
the Tongues of the Sacrifice?, which, with a great deal 
of Ceremony, they caft into the Fire, and then the Sa¬ 
crifice was finifhed. It is laid, that the Megarenfes firft 
ufed this Ceremony. 



e Macrob. Sc Sind, apud Lip. f Cicero, s Paufan. in 
Attic. OvidMetam. 4. Caliiitrat. Homer. 

O 


CHAP. VIII. 

Bacchus, His Image . 

JH y ou Palaophilus P 

W P, Who can forbear, when he fees that fil¬ 
thy, fhamelefs, and immodeft God, placed next to Mer¬ 
cury ; h with a naked Body, a red face, lafcivious Looks, 
in an effeminate Pofture, difpirited with Luxury, and 
overcome with Wine. His fwoln Cheeks refemble 
Bottles; his great Belly, fat Breads, and his diftended 
fwelling Paunch, reprefent a Hogffiead, rather than a 
God to be carried in that Chariot. 



M. Th 



M. That is no Wonder ; for it is Bacchus himfelj^ 
the God of Wine, and the Captain and Emperor of Drunk¬ 
ards* He is crowned with Ivy and Vine-leaves. He 
has a *Tbyrfus infcead of a Sceptre, which is a Javelin 
with an Iron Head, encircled by Ivy or Vine-leaves, 
in his Hand. J He is carried in a Chariot, which is 
Sometimes drawn by Tygers and Lions, and fome- 
times by Lynxes and Panthers : And, like a King, he 
has his Guards, k who are a drunken Band of Satyrs 9 
Demons, Nymphs that prefide over the Wine-prefles, 
jFairies of Fountains, and Prieftefles. Silcmts oftentimes 
comes after him, fitting on an Afs that bends under 
his Burthen. 

P. But what’s here?’This Bacchus has got Horns, 
and is a young Man without a Beard: I have heard, 
that the Inhabitants of Elis paint him like an old Man, 
with a Beard. 

AE It is true. He is fomettmes painted an old Man, 
and fometimes a fmooth and beardlefs Boy: as 1 Ovid 
and 111 Tibullus deferibe him. I fhall give you the Rea- 
fon of all thefe Things, and of his Horns, mentioned 
alfo in p * Ovid , before I make an End of this Fable. 


* Ovid, de Arte Amandi, Arlfloph. Scholiait. in PLutuim 

Strabo, I. 26. Ovid. 3. 4. 

k Gohors Satyrorum, Cobglorum, Lenarum, Naiadun:* 
atque Baccharum. / 

I -- Tibi inconfwnpta jUsvctiia p 

Tu puer <sternus, in fonnofjjfimus alio 
Confpiceris cash, tibi, cunt fne cornibus adfas, 

Yirgineum caput ejl . 

• -Still doit thou erijoy 

Unwaited Youth ? Eternally a Boy 

Thou’rt feen in Hea<ue?z 7 whom all Perfections grace ; 
And, when unhorn’d, thou haft a Virgin’s Face* 
xr * Solis setema ejl Phcsbo Bacchogjie jnsventa. 

.. -Phoebus and Bacchus only have eternal Youth. 

n Jlccedant capiti cornua, Bacchus erzs. 

Clap to thy Head a Pair of Horns, and Bacchus thou fhal? 
be. 5 


SECT. 


59 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
SECT. I. ‘The Birth of Bacchus. 

e ACC HUS’s Birth was both wonderful and ridi¬ 
culous, if the Poets may be heard 5 as they mult 
v/hen the Difcourfe is about Fables. 

They tell us, that when ‘Jupiter was in Love with 
Semele? it raifed Juno 9 s Jealoufy higher than ever be¬ 
fore. Juno therefore endeavoured to deftroy her 1 
and, in the Shane of an old Woman* vifited Semele^ 
wifhed her much Joy from her Acquaintance with 
Jupiter , and advifed her to oblige him, when he came s 
by an inviolable Oath, to grant her a Requeft ; and 
then, fays file to Semele 9 ofk him to come to you as he is 
wont to come to Juno. And he zvi/l come clout bed in all 
his Glory , and Majejly , and Honour . Semele was great¬ 
ly pleated-with this Advice; and therefore, when 
Jupiter vifited her next, file 0 begged a Favour of 
him, but did not exprefly name the Favour. Jupi¬ 
ter bound himfelf in the moil folemn Oath to grant 
her Requeft, let it be what it would Semele encou- 


P - Rcgat ilia Jot 1 cm fine nomine munus. 

Cut Dens, Edge, ait, nnllam patiere rcpuljdfn : 
Quoque rnagis credos , Stygii quo qua covfcia Junto 
Aumina torrentis Timor, C5X Dens ilia Deorum efl« 
Lseta ma lo, ?dmi unique petens, perituraque amantis 
Gbfiequio, Semele ; Qualem Saturn/a, dixit, 
fie fiolet ample fli, Fencris cum fiaedus iniiis, 

Da mibi te talem . 

•-She afk’d of Jove a Gift unnam’d. 

When thus the kind con fen ting God reply’d. 
Speak but the Choice, it fhali not be deriv’d: 
And, to conhrm thy Faith, let Stygian Gods 
And all the Tenants of Hell’s dark Abodes, 
Witnefs my Promife ; thefe are Oaths that bind 
And Gods that keep e’en loose himfelf confin’d* 
Tran (ported with the fad Decree, £he feels 
Ev’n mighty Satisfaflion in her Ills ; 

And juft about to perifh by the Grant 
And kind Compliance of her fond Gallant, 


raged 



6 o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

raged by her Lover’s Kindnefs, and little fore feeing 
that what he defired would prove her Ruin, begged of 
Jupiter to come to her Embraces in the fame Manner 
that fhe carefTed Juno . What Jupiter had fo folemnly 
jfworn to perform, he could not refufe. He could not 
recall his Words, nor free bimfelf from the Obligation 
of his Oath; fo that he puts on all his Terrors, array¬ 
ed himfelf with his greateft Glory, and in the Midft 
of Thunder and Lightning entered Semele’s Houfe. 
3 Her mortal Body was not not able to fi and the Shock; 
fo fhe perifhed in the Embraces of her Lover $ for the 
Thunder ftruck her down and ftupefied her, and the 
Lightning reduced her to Afhes. So fatal are the 
rafh Defires of the Ambitious ! When fhe died, fhe 
was big with Child of Bacchus ; who was preferved, 
after his Mother’s Deceafe, in fuch a Manner as will 
make you laugh to hear it: For, the b Infant was taken 
out of his Mother’s Womb, and fewed into Jupiter *s 
Thigh, from whence, in Ftilnefs of Time, it was born, 
and then c delivered into the Hands of Mercury to be 
carried into Euboea , to Maoris^, the Daughter of Art* 
Jlceus^ d who immediately anointed his Lips with Ho- 


Say, Take Jeve’s Vigour as you ufe Jew’s Name, 
The fame the Strength and finewy Force the fame. 
As when you mount the great Satumia’s Bed, 

And, lock’d in her Embrace, diffufive Glories fhed, 

a - Corpus mortcile tumult us 

Non tulit tether cos, donijque jugalibus arjtf . 

Nor could her mortal Body bear the Sight 
Of glaring Beams, and fhong celefiial Light; 

But fcorch’d all o’er with Jove’s Embrace expir’d. 
And mourn’d the Gift fo eagerly defir’d, 
b - Geneti'icis ab alvo 


Eripztur , pat rtoque tetter (Jl n'cdere digttum ejl) 

Jn/uiturJemori , tnatertzaque temp or a cc triplet. 

The imperfect Babe, that in the Womb does lie. 

Was ta’en by Jove, and few’d into his Thigh, 

His Mother’s Time accompliihing. 

£ E-urip. Bacch, Nat. Com. 1 . d Apol. . Argon. 

' pejj 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 6 \ 

ney, and brought him up with great Care in a Cave 3 
to which there were two Gates. 


SECT. II. Names of Bacchus. 



Bacchus was fo called from a a Greek Word, which 


signifies to revel ; and, from the fame Reafon, the 'wild 
JVomen , his Companions, are called b Tbyades and c Mee¬ 
rut des , which Words fignify Madnefs and Folly. They 
were alfo called (! Mhnallones , that is. Imitators or MU 
rnicksj becaufe they imitated Bacchus’s Adtions. 

e Biformis , becaufe he was reckoned both a young 
and an old Man, with a Beard, and without a Beard. 
Or, becaufe Wine, whereof Bacchus is the Emblem^ 
makes People fometimes chearful and pleafant, fome- 
times peevifh and morofe. 

He was named f Brifaus , either (as fome think) 
from the Nymph his Nurfe 5 or from the Ufe of the 
Grapes and Honey, which he invented y (for Brifa 
fignifies a Bunch of prefTed Grapes) or elfe from the 
Promontory Brifa , in the Ifland of LeJhos y where he 
was wor{hipped. 

£ Bromius , from the Crackling of Fire , and Noife of 
Thunder, that was heard when his Mother was killed 
in the Embraces of ‘ Jupiter . 

h Bimater or Bimetor , becaufe be had two Mothers 5 
the firft was Semele , who conceived him in the Womb 5 


a 3 Awl ra fen @»iexsew ab infaniendo. Euflath. 

apud Lil. b 5 A rrro tyt, a furore ac rabie. Virg. 

n. c A {AcctvofAcn infanio, ferocio. d A 

imitor. e Aipogcpos Diod. apud Lil. f Cornut. in 

Perf. Sat 1 . s 7 Aero rov gpyu y ab incendii crepitu, ton!- 

truf<jue fBnitu. Ovid. 4. Metam. h Idem. ibid. 

and. 

* 9 


6 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 

and the other, the Thigh of Jupitcif into which hft 
was received after he was faved from the Fire. 

He is called by divers of the Greeks c Eugenes , that is p 
born of an Ox, and from thence E*auriformis> or Tanrh 
ceps ; and he is fuppofed to have Horns, becaufe he firft 
ploughed with Oxen, or becaufe he was the Son of 
Jupiter Ammon , who had the Head of a Ram. 

d Dre?? 7 o ?2 bonus , the good Angel ; and in Feafb, after 
the Vidluals were taken away, the laft Glafs was drunk 
round to his Honour. 

e DithyrcnnbuS'y which fignifies either that he was born 
twice, of Scmele and of Jove; or the double Gate, which 
the Cave had in which he was brought up; or perhaps 
it means that Drunkards cannot keep Secrets; but 
whatever is in the Head comes into the Mouth, and 
then burfls f forth, as fafl as it would cut of two Doors, 

Dionyjsus or Diony/us , £ from his Father Jupiter , or 
from the Nymphs called Nyfa?^ by -whom he was nurf- 
edi, as they fay: -or from a Greek Word, fignifying to h 
prick , becaufe he pricked his Father’s Side with his 
Horns, when he was born ; or from Jupiter’s Lame- 
nefs who limped when Bacchus was in his Thigh ; or 
from an Ifland among the Cyclades , called Dia^ or Nay,of 
which was dedicated to him when he married Ariadne ; 
or laftly from the City of Nyfa^" in which Bacchus 

reigned. 

K Evihus , or Evehus . For, in the War of the Giants, 
when Jupiter did not fee Bacchus , he thought that 


c 33sy?w i. e. a hove genitus. Clemens Strom. Euf. 1. 4 , 
Freep. Evnng\ 6 Diodor. 1; 3 . Idem. j. 3 . c 'Avro 0 .$ 
f.U Qvqxv dva.izct, *Vsir, a bis in jar)uam ingrediendo. Diodor. 
Grig. Eufeb. ^ Quail per geminam portam, hie pro¬ 
verbial iter dc vino, facit to ct>Qvfoi>. s a?.-L tu a 
Jove, Fhurnut. in fab. h a vve-c-v pun go, Lucian. Dial! 
5 NTvVc?, i. e. claudus, Nonn, 1. 9 . k Eheu vli\ Eheu 
Eli ! Eurir*. in B a cell. 


he 



Of the Gods of the Heathens 6 3 

he was killed, and cried out, fc Alas Son / Or, becaufe 
v/hen he found that Bacchus had overcome the Giants* 
by changing himfelf into a Lion, he cried out again, 

* JVell done , *SW. 

m Evan^ from the Acclamations of the 'Bacchantes^ ■ 
V/ho were therefore called Ev antes . 

Eucbiusy . n becaufe Bacchus fills his Glafs plentifully* 
even up to the Brim, 

° Eleletis and Eleus , from the Acclamation where¬ 
with they animated the Soldiers before the Fight, or 
encouraged them in the Battle itfelf. The fame Ac¬ 
clamation was alfo ufed in celebrating the Orgia, which 
were Sacrifices offered up to Bacchus . 

p lacchus was alfo qne of his Names, from theNoife 
which Men when drunk make: And this q Title is 
given him by Claudia?i ; from whofe Account of Bac¬ 
chus-, we may learn, that he was not always naked, bu£ 
forhetimes cloathed with the Skin of a Tyger. 

Lena:us ; becaufe, as Donaius fays, r Wine palliates 
and afluages the Sorrows of Men’s Minds. But Servius 
thinks that this Name, fince it is a Greek Name, ought 
not to be derived from a Latin Word, as Donatus fays, 
but from a Greek s Word, which fignifies the Vat or 
Prejif in which Wine is made. 


k Virg. JEn. 7. 1 hj vie Euge Hi! Cornut, in Peif. 

Acron. in Herat. In Virg. JEn. 6. Ovid 4, Metam* 

n Ab ivyioj, i. e. beneac large fnndo. Nat. Com 1 . p 0 Ab 
iAgAfy, exclamation e bclllca. Ovid. 4. Me tarn. JEfchyi* in 
Prometh. 


P Ab Icty-xzva clamo, vociferor. 
q .——Lestufqueflmul pro cedit lacchus 
Crinalt flare ns hedera : Sfjtsm Parthica Pigris 
Velat, & aura t os in nodur/i colli git ungues. 

- -The Jolly God comes in. 

His Hair with Ivy tvvindd, his Cloaths a Tvger’s 
Whofe Golden Claws are clutch’d into a Knot. 


Skin 1 


de Raptu Projcrp . 1. 1 . 
r Quodleniat mentem vinum. sJ A7 to rov or 

i. e. torculari. Servius in Virg. Georg, 1 „ 2, 

Liber 



6 4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

a Liber and Liber Pater , from Liber o ; as in Greek 
they call him f ' Elcutherios'\ the Deliverer ; for 

he is the Symbol of Liberty , and was worfhipped in all 
free Cities, 

Lyreus and Lyccus fignify the fame with Liber : For 
Wine b frees the Mind from Cares; and thofe, who 
have drank plentifully, fpeak whatever comes in their 
Minds, as c Ovid fays. 

The Sacrifices of Bacchus were celebrated in the 
Night , wherefore he is called d Nyflilius. 

Becaufe he was educated upon the Mountain Nifa , 
he is called Nif ecus c . 

Rebfusy ’Op$6,* [ Orthos ] becaufe he taught a certain 
King of Athens to dilute his Wine with Water ; thus 
Men, who through much Drinking ftagger’d before, by 
mixing .W*ater with their Wine, begin to go Jlraight . 

His Mother Serncle and his Nurfe were fometimes 
called Lhyo'j therefore from thence they called him f 
!Thy one us . 

Laftly, he was called 5 Triuniphus ; becaufe when in 
1 Triumph the Conquerors went into the Capitol, the Sol¬ 
diers cried out, Jo Triianpbe ! 

a Virg. 7. Eel., Plutarch, in Probl. Paufan. in Attic. 
b ’atto tS 7 \v eir, i. e. a folvendo. 

c Cura mulio diluituryue ?nero. 

The plenteous Bowl all Care difpels. Ov. de Art . 

d i. e. no£te perfic,io. Phurnut. in Bacch. Ovid, 

Metatn. 4. c Ovid* ib. 

f Hor. 1 . 1. Carm. s OgiccfAfioc, Var. de Ling. Lat. 

SECT. III. AElions of Bacchus. * 

nACCHXJS invented a fo many Things ufeful to Man- 
^ kind, either in finifhing Controverfies, in building 
Cities, in making Laws, or in obtaining Victories, that 


a Diod e 1 . 5. Hift, & Qrof. 1 . 2. Hor, Ep. 2,. 

he 




Of the Gods of the Heathens* 



he was declared a God by the joint Suffrages of the 
whole World. And, indeed, what could not Bacchus 
himfelf do, when his Priefteffes, by ffriking the Earth 
with their 'Tybifa drew forth Rivers of Milk, and Ho¬ 
ney, and Wine, and wrought feveral fuch Miracles, 
without the lead: Labour ? And yet they received their 
whole Power from Bacchus . 

1. He invented the a Ufe of Wine ; and firft taught 
the Art of planting the Vine from whence it is made ; 
as aIfo the Art of making Honey, and tilling the Earth. 
This b he did among the People of /Egypt) who there¬ 
fore honoured him as a God) and called him Ofiris . 
Let Bacchus have Honour, becaufe he invented the 
Art of planting Vines : but let him not refufe to the 
Afs of Naupl'ta its Praifes, who, by gnawing Fines-, 
taught the Art o f pruning them. 

2. He invented c Commerce and Merchandife, and 
found out Navigation, when he was King of Phoe¬ 
nicia* 


3. Whereas Men wandered about unfettled, like 
Eeafis, d he reduced them into Society and Union : 
He taught them to worfhip the Gods, and was excel¬ 
lent in Prophefying. 

4. He fubdued India , and many other Nations, rid¬ 
ing on an Elephant : c He vieftorioufiy fubdued Egypt , 
Syria , Phrygia , and all the Eaft; where he erecSled 
Pillars, a s-Hercules did in the Weft : He firft invented 
Triumphs and Crowns for Kings. 

5. Bacchus was defirous to reward Midas the King 
0 f Phrygia (of whofe Afs’s Ears we fpake before) be¬ 
caufe he had done fome Service to him ; and bid him 
aik what he would. Midas deflred, that vvhatfoever he 


a Ovid. 3. Faftorum. b Dion, de Situ Ofbis. Vide 
Nat. Com. 

Idem, ibid. A Ovid. Fafiorum, Euripid. in Bacch. 

c Dion, de Situ Orbis, 


F 


touched 




66 Of the Gods of the JtTeathensi 

touched might become Gold ;• f Bacchus was troubles 
that Midas afked a Gift that might prove fo deltructivc 
to himfelf ; however, he granted bis Requeff, and gave 
him the Power he defired. Immediately whatever Mi¬ 
das touched became Gold ^ nay, when'he touched his- 
jVleat 01- Drink, they alfo became Gold : When there¬ 
fore he faw that he could not- efcape Death by Hunger 
or Thirft, he then perceived that he had foolifhly- 
begged a deftrudlive Gift ; and repenting his Bargain^ 
he defired Bacchus to take his Gift to himfelf again, 
Bacchus confentedi, and bid him bathe in the River 
PaStolus Midas obeyed and from hence the Sand of 
that River became Gold, and the River was called 
Chryforrhoos T or Aurifinus . 

6. When he was yet a Child,, fo me Tyrrhenian Ma¬ 
riners found him afieep, and carried him into a Ship;, 
wherefore he firft ftupifed them, flopping the- Ship in 
Rich a Manner that it was unmoveable : afterwards he j 
caufed Vines to fpring up in the Ship on a hidden, and 
Ivy twining about the Oars; and when-the Seamen 
were almoft dead with the Fright^ he threw them head¬ 
long into the Sea, and changed them into Dolphins, 
Ovid. Met am . 3*. 


* Annuit optatis , ?iocituraque inuncra fol<vit 
TAber ; <3 indolv.it y - qitod no?i meUora petijjet. 

To him his harmlefs Wifh Lyaus gives, 

And at the Weaknefs oFs Requcft he grieves. 

L&tus hahetj gaudetque ?naB* 

Glad he departs, and joys in’s Mifery.- O-u. Met, n. 

v % 

SECT. IV. The Sacrifices of Bacchus. 

I N Sacrifices there are three Things to r be confider- 
ed, the Creatures that are offered ; the Priefts who 1 
offered them ; and thirdly* the Sacrifices themfelves, | 
which are celebrated with peculiar Ceremonies. 

j. Amongft. 





Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


67 


f. Amongft Trees and Plants., s thefe were facred 
or confecrated to Bacchus , the Fir, the Ivy, Bzndweed , 
the Fig-, and the Vine* Among Animals, the D7*agon 
and the Pye , Signifying the Talkativenefs of drunken 
People. The Goat was flain in his Sacrifices, hecaufe 
he is a Creature deftru£live to the Vines. And', among 
the /Egyptians, they facrificcd a Swine to his Honour 
before their Doors. 

2. The Priefts and Prieftefles of Bacchus were h the 
Satyrs, the Silent , the Naiades , but efpecially the re¬ 
velling Women called Bacchce, from Bacchus's Name. 

3. The Sacrifices themfelves were various, and ce¬ 
lebrated with different Ceremonies, according to the 
Variety of Places and Nations. They were celebra¬ 
ted on ftated Days of the Year, with the greateft Re¬ 
ligion, or rather, with the ranked: Profanenefs and 
Impiety. 

Ofcopboria J were the firft Sacrifices offered up to 
Bacchus : They were firft inftituted by the Phoenicians, 
and when they were celebrated, the Boys, carrying 
Vine-leaves in their Hands, went in Ranks praying, 
from the Temple of Bacchus , to the Chapel of Pallas . 

The k Trieterica were celebrated, in the Winter, by 
Night, by the Bacchus, who v/ent about armed, making 
a great Noife, and foretelling, as it was believed. 
Things to come. Thefe Sacrifices were in titled TW- 
Urica, becaufe Bacchus returned from his India?! Expe¬ 
dition after three Years. 

The 1 Epile?ia:a were Gaines celebrated in the Time 
of Vintage (after that thePrefs for fqueezing the Grapes 
was invented.) They contended with one another, in 
i treading the Grapes, who fhould fooneft prefs out moft 


it 

r 


'; 

} . g Xenophon in Sacerd. Plutarch, in Probl. Symp. Eurip* 
* in Hacch. Hero dot. Euterpe. 

I- ■ h Vide Nat. Com, 1. 5 . 1 Paufan. in Att. k Ovid, 

i; Paft. Sc Metamorph. 6 . 1 Scholiaft. in Ariflophan. 

? F 2 Muft h 


v ‘ 

L > 



68 Of the Cods of the Heathens'. 

Mujl ; and in the mean Time they fung the Praifes of 
Bacchus , begging that the Mujl might be fweet and good. 

05 Canephoria? among the ancient Athenians? were per¬ 
formed by marriageable Virgins, who carried golden 
Bafkets filled with the fir ft Fruits of the Year. 11 Ne¬ 
ver th clefs, fome think that thefe Sacrifices were infti- 
tuted to the Honour of Diana , and that they did not 
carry Fruit in the Bafket, but Prefents wrought with 
their own Hands, which they offered to this Go deleft to 
teftify that they were defirous to quit their Virginity,, 
and marry. 

ylpaturia were Feafts celebrated in Honour of Bac¬ 
chus? fetting forth how greatly Aden are ° deceived by 
Wine. Thefe Feftivals were principally obferved by 
the Athenians . 

Amhrofta p were Feftivals obferved in 'January, a 
Adenth fuel*ed to Bacchus ; for which Reafon this 
Adonth was called Lcnaus , or Lenteo , becaufe the Wine 
was brought into the City about that time. q But the 
R.oman-s called thefe Feafts Brumalia , from Bruma , one 
of the Name of Bacchus among them ; and they cele¬ 
brated them twice a Year, in the Adcnths of February 
and Augitji . 

Afcolia , Feafts fo called, from a Greek r Word fignify- 
ing a Br^acbo? or Leathern Bottle ? feveral of which were 
produced filled with Air, or, as others fay, with Wine. 

• The Athenians were wont to leap upon them with one 
Foot, fo that they would fometimes fall down ; how¬ 
ever, they thought they did a great Honour to Bacchus 
hereby,- becaufe they trampled upon the Skins of the 
Goats, whofis the greateft Enemy to the Vines. But 

ni Deinarat. in Certain. Dionyf. n Doroth. Sydon.apud 
Nat. Com. ° A decipiendo ab ’A7raraf, fiilo, diftafunt 

Vide Nat. Com in Bac. p Idem. Ibid. q Cash 
Riiod. 1 . iS. c. ^. 

r .Ab 9 Ao-'-toc utrjs. Tzetfes in Hefi-od. 

* Men and. 1, de My Her. 


anion? 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 69 

'among the Romans y Rewards were diftributed to thofe 
v/ho, by artificially leaping upon thefe Leathern Bottles 
overcame the reft; and then all them together called 
aloud upon Bacchus confufedly, and in Verfes unpolifh- 
ed ; and, putting on Mafks, they carried his Statue a- 
bout their Vineyards, dawbing their Faces with Harks 
of Trees and the Dregs of Wine : So returning to his 
Altar again., from whence they came, they prefented 
their Oblations in BaTons to him, and burnt them. And, 
in the laft place, they hung upon the higheft Trees 
little wooden or earthen Images of Bacchus , which, 
from the Smallnefs of their Mouths, were called Of- 
cilia ; they intended that the Places, where thefe fmall 
Images were fet up in the Trees, fliould be, as it were, 
fo many Watch-Towers, from whence Bacchus might 
look after the Vines, and fee that they fuffered no In¬ 
juries. Thefe Fefiivals, and the Images hung up when 
they were celebrated, are elegantly deferibed by a Vir¬ 
gil 9 in the fecond Book of his Georgies . 

Laftly, the Bacchanalia , or Dionyfia , or .Orgia, were 
the Feafts of Bacchus b , .among the Roitians , which 

a -- Atque inter pocula laeti 

Moll/ bus in prat is -audios fall ere per litres 
Nec non Aufonii, L’rcja gens miffa coloni y 
Verjlbus iucomptis ludunt , rifuque Jointo , 

Oraque corticibus fiununt barren da cavatis : 

Et re? Baccbe, vacant per carmina hv.ta, iibique 
OJi ill a ex aha Jifpendunt mollia piniu 
Hive omvis largo pnbefeit vine a fatu 9 &c. 

And glad with Bacchus , on the gra/Ty Soil, 

Leaped o 7 er the Skins of Goats befmear’d with Oil. 

Thu s Roman Youth, deriv’d from ruin’d Lrcy, 

In rude Saturnian Rhimes exprefs their Joy ; 

Deform'd with Vizards cut from Barks of Trees, 

With Taunts and Laughter loud their Audience plcafe: 

Jn jolly Hymns they praife tlie God of Wine, J 

vv'hofe earthen Images adorn the Pine, i- 

.And there are hung on high, in Honour of the Vine* j 
J\ Madnefs fo devout the Vineyard fills, 

F' r g> 4* Georg. 6 & 7 /En. at 



a Bocliart. in Pha!eg„ 


Name 


(Ofit he Gods of the Heathens. yt 

•Name of Nimrod'm ay allude to the Hebrew Word Na- 
* or the Chaldee Na?ner^ a Tyger\ and accordingly 

a the Chariot of Bacchus was drawn by Tygers, and 
himfelf cloathed with the Sfcin of a Tyger. .3. Bacchus 
is fometimes called b .Nebrodcs, which is the very fame 
<as TSlimrodus. Jldofes .ftiles .Nimrod a great Uiaitcr , and 
we find that Bacchus-is filled °>Zagreus , which in Greek 
Signifies the fame Thing. I did .not, indeed, .mention 
the Name of Bacchus among the reft before ; becaufe 
. I defign not a nice and complete Account <of every 
Thing : Nor is it abfurd to fay, that Nimrod preflded 
■over .the Vines, fince he was d the firft .King otBahy- 
don , where were the moft excellent Wines-, as -the 
Ancients often .fay. 

Others think that c Bacchus is Mofts, "becaufe ‘many 
Things in the Table of the one Teem derived from the 
ddiftor.y of the other : For, firft, fome feign that he was 
born in Egypt , and prefentlydhut up in an Ark, and 
thrown upon the Waters., as .was, 3. The Sir- 

name of f Bimater , which belongs to Bacchus?'may’bo 
aferibed to Mofes , who, befides one Mother by Nature^ 
had another by Adoption, King Pharaoh’s Daughter* 
3. They wereboth beautiful Men, brought up in Arabia 
good Soldiers, and had Women in their Armies. 4. Or¬ 
pheus diredlly ftiles Bacchus s a Law-giver, and calls 
him h Mofe:? and further attributes to him i the two 
Tables of the Law . 5. Befides, Bacchus was called lc 

Bicornis ; and accordingly the‘Face of Mofes appeared 
double-horned when he came down from-the Mountain, 
where he had fpoken to God ; the Rays of Glory, that 
darted from his Brow, refembling ?the fprouting out 
of Horns . 6. As Snakes w-ere facrificed, and a Dog 


* Antliol. - 1 . I. C. -38. Ep. b Nvgptxhg. C Z ccy^dop 

L e* Robuflus Venator. * Ev Athenaeo. c Voffius apud 
Hoc hart, in fuo Canaan. .Sc Muct. in demon fir. Evangel. 

5 oj(>. G);<r, w xo(popov» b 1 AiTr^axct fritrjxoyp 

Ex'Od. xx;dv. 20, ^ Kurin, in Batch» 


amp. 

f 4- 



given 



7 s Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

given to Bacchus as a Companion, fo Mofes had this 
Companion Caleb , which in Hebrew fignifies a Dog. 

7. And as the Bacchus brought Water from a Rock, 
by ftriking it .with their Thyrfus, and the Country 
wherever they came flowed with Wine, Milk, and 
Honey; fo the Land of Canaan , into which Mofes 
conduced the Ifracliies , not only flowed with Milk 
and Honey, but with Wine alfo ; 1 as appears from 
that large Bunch of Grapes which two Men carried 
upon a Staff betwixt them. 

8. Bacchus m dried up the Rivers Orontes and Hydnf- 
pet) by ftriking them with his 'T'hyrfus , and pafled thro 5 
them, as Jl/Iofes pafled through the Red-Sea. 9. It is 
faid alfo, n 'That a little Ivy-ftick, thrown down by 
one of the j Batches upon the Ground, crept like a 
Dragon, and twifted itfelf about an Oak. And, 10. 
That 0 the India?is once were all covered with Darle¬ 
ne fs, whilft thofe Baccba enjoyed a perfect Day. 

From whence you may coll eft, that the ancient In¬ 
ventors of Fables have borrowed many Things from 
the Holy Scriptures , to patch up their Conceits. p Thus 
Homer fays, that Bacchus wreftled with Pallene , to 
whom he yielded : Which Fable is taken from the Hif- 

j * 

tory of the Angel wreftling with Jacob . ^ In like man- 
ner Paufanias reports, that the Greeks at Droy found an 
Ark which was facred to Bacchus ; which when 
pilus had opened, and viewed the Statue of Bacchus 
laid therein, he was prefently ftruck with Madnefs. 
The Ground of which Fable is in the fecond Book of 

9 

Kings , where the facred Hiftorv relates, that the Beth- 
jhemites were deftroyed by GOD, bccaufe they look¬ 
ed with top much Curiofity into the Ark of the Co¬ 
venant. r Again, the Poets feign, that Bacchus was 

1 Numbers xii. 24. m Nonn. in Dionyf. 1 . 23. Sc 3^. 
23. 45. n Apud eundem. 0 Nonnius V of. ap. Bochart. 
in Can. p Horn. Iliad. 48. s Paufan. in Achaic. 
r Ariflot. Schol. in A earn. Aft. 2. Seen. 1 . 

* » 1 1 


angry 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 

angry with the Athenians , becaufe they defpifcd his 
Solemnities, and received them not with due P.efpe£l, 
when firft they were brought by Pegafus out of Ben oil a 
into Attica: Whereupon he afflicted them with a. 
grievous Difeafe in the Secret Parts , for which there 
was no Cure, till by the Advice of the Oracle they per¬ 
formed the Reverences due to the God, and creeled 
Phalli , that is. Images of the affiidled Parts, to his Ho¬ 
nour; whence the Feafts and Sacrifices called Phallica 
v/ere yearly celebrated among the Athenians . Is one Egg 
more like another, than this Fable is like the a Hiftory 
of the Philijlincs , whom God puniihed with th zEmerods 
for their Irreverence to the Ark r And when they con- 
fulted the Diviners thereupon, they were told, that 
they could no ways be cured, unlefs they made golden 
Images of Emerods, and confecrated them to God. 


a i Sam, Chap. v. 

SECT. VI. Fhe Moral Senfe of the Fable . 

Bacchus the Symbol of Wine. 

\ I/'INE and its Effects are underflcod in this Fa- 
y blc of Bacchus . Let us begin with Bacchus 7 s 
Birth. When I imagine Bacchus in Jupiter’s Thigh, 
and Jupiter limping therewith, it brings to my Mind 
the Representation of a Man that is burthened and 
overcome with Drink; who not only halts, but reels 
and ftumbles, and madly rulhes wherever the Force of 
the Wine carries him. 

Was Bacchus taken out of the Body of his Mother 
Semele y , in the midft of Thunder and Lightning ; fo af¬ 
ter the Wine is drawn out of the Butt, it produces 
Quarrels, Violence, Noife, and Confufion. 

Bacchus was educated by the Naiades , the Nymphs 
of the Ri vers and Fountains ; whence Men may learn 

to dilute their Wine with Water. 

# 


But 



74 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 

But Bacchus is an eternal Boy. And do not the 
oldcft Men become Children by too much Drink? 
Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftin- 
guifhes Men from Boys ? 

Bacchus is naked* as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
Thing. a Wine always /peaks Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
crets of the Mind and Body too* -of which let Noah be 
-a Witnefs. 

The Poets fays b Bacchus has .Horns ; and from thence 
xve may learn* that Bacchus makes as many horned as 
Venus „ 

Nor does c Wine make Men only forget.their Cares 
and Troubles, but it renders il even the meaneft People 
bold* infolent, and fierce, • exercifing their Fury and 
Rage againft others, ao a mad Ox gores with its Horns* 
I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
faid to be horned, becaufe the Cups, out of which Wine 
was drank, were formerly made of Horn c . 

He is crowned with Ivy ; becaufe that Plant (being 
-always green and flourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
by its natural Coldnefs, afluages the Heat-occafioned 
by too much Wine. 

He is both a young and an old Man ; becaufe, as a 
moderate Quantity of Wine increafes the Strength of 
the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 

Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
and of them only thofe, which were enraged and intoxi- 

I 

3 In vino veritas^ Erajhu in Adag. 

h Accedant capiii cornua^ Bacchus eris* 

Put but on Horns, and Bacchus thou (halt be. O-v* Ep.Sapb* 

* Curafugit , multo diluhurque mero. 

Full Bowls expel all Grief, diflblve-all Care. 

& Tunc <venilent rifus > tu?ic pauper cornua flimit* 

By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a ICing. 

* Porphyr. in' z Carm. Horat. unde q-uafi a 

Lil. Gy raid. 

cated. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 

catcd, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the moft 
niafculine Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be- 
c-ets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
fore Lions and Tygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus. 

The Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
lia in Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
Faults their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
Remains of it were yethid under thofe Difguifes, which 
would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
dence of the ill Words and Adtions which were heard 
and feen on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine mafk 
and difguife us ftrangely ? Does it not make Men Beafts, 
and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 

I had alrnoft forgot to-tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe: For, in¬ 
deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
Wine ? What more delightfully refrefhes the Spirits 
and the Mind, than that natural Nedlar^ that divine 
Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 

The Vine is fo beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
b that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
of the other \ but they do not confider, that if Wine be 
the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Reafon : For, if 
Men do conftantly fail hi the Red-Sea of Claret , their 
Souls are oftentimes drowned therein. It blinds them, 
and leads them under Darknefs, efpecially when it be¬ 
gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
Lyes, Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 


* 'Tunc dolor & cur a?-, rug ague front is ahejl . 

Gkir Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 

No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears. 

O vid, de Arte Amandin 

* In vite hominis vitam effe dicercs. 

a Mind 


A 


♦ 

74 Of the Gods of the Heathens.. 

But Bacchus is an eternal Boy. And do not th* 
oldcft Men become Children by too much Drinkf 
Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftia~ 
guifhes Men from Boys ? 

Bacchus is naked, as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
Thing. a Wine.always Jpeaks "Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
crets of the Mind and Body tco.j of which let Noah be 

a Witnefs. 


The Poets fays b Bacchus has Horns ; and from thence 
xve may learn, that Bacchus makes as many horned as 
Venus . 


Nor does c Wine make Men only forget.their Cares 
•and Troubles, but it renders ,l even the meaneft People 
bold, infolent, and fierce, • exercifing their Fury and 
Rageagainft others, as a-mad Ox gores with its Horns. 
I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
laid to be horned, becaufe the Clips, out of which Wine 
was drank, were formerly made of Horn 

He is crowned with Ivy; becaufe that Plant (being 
always green and fiourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
by its natural Coldnefe, afTuages the Heat occafloned 
by too much Wine. 

Pie is both a young and an old Man ; becaufe, as a 
moderate Quantity of Wine increafes the Strength of 
the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 

Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus v 
and of them only thofe, which were-enraged and intoxi- 


3 In vino veritas, Eraftru in Adag, 
h Accedant capiti -cornua, Bacchus erir .. 

Piit but on Horns, arid Bacchus thou fiialt be. Ov+ Ep . Saph . 
c Cura f no it , multo diluiiurque mero. 

Full Bowls expel all Grief, diflolveall Care. 
a Tunc eventunt rifus , tunc pauper cornua Jitmiu 
By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a King. 

* Porphyr. in 2 Carm. Iiorat. unde quafi y.spf^ a 

LiL Gy raid. 

cated. 


i j 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 

catcd, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the mofl 
niafculine Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be¬ 
gets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
fore Lions and Tygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus. 

The Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
lia in Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
Faults ; their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
Remains of it were yethid under thofe Difguifes, which 
would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
dence of the ill Words and Actions which were heard 
and feen on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine malic 
and difguife us ftrangely ? Does it not make Men Beafts, 
and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 

I had almoft forgot to tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe: For, in¬ 
deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
Wine? What more delightfully refrefhes the Spirits 
and the Mind, than that natural Nediar^ that divine 
Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 

The Vine is fo beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
b that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
of the other \ but they do not conftder, that if Wine be 
the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Reafon : For, if 
Men do conftantly fail in the Red-Sea of Claret , their 
Souls are oftentimes drowned therein, ft blinds them, 
and leads them under Darknefs, efpecially when it be¬ 
gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
Eyes. Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 

* Laitc dolor & curat, rug aguefronds ahejl . 

Gkir Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 

No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears. 

Ovid, de Arte Amandi- m 

* In vite hominis vitam effe diceres. 

2 Mind 


^6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Mmd floats, or elfe is ftranded. Thus too great Love 
of the Vine is pernicious to Life 5 for from it come 
more Faults than Grapes , and it breeds more Mifchiefs. 
than Cluficrs . Would you fee an Inflance of what you 
read? Ohferve a drunken Man : OBcaft ! See how his 
Head tctters,his Hams fink, his Feet fail, his Hands trem - 
ble, his Mouth froths, his Cheeks are flabby, his Eyes 
ip ark I e and water, his Words are unintelligible, his 
'Longue fa niters and flops, his Throat fends forth a 
nafry loathforne Stench. But what do I fay ! It is not 
my Buiinefs now to tell Truth but Fables. 


CHAP. IX. 


M a r s. His Image,, 


i > . A S far as I fee, we mu ft tarry in this Place a!! 

X X Night. 

M. Do not fear it ; for I fhall not fay fo much of 
the other Gods as I have faid of Bacchus ; and efpeci- 
ally I hope that Mars> whofe Image is next, will not 
keep us fo long. 

• P. Do you call him Mars , that is fo fierce and four 
in his Afpedt 5 Terror is every where in his Looks, as 
well as in his Drcfs : He fits in a Chariot drawn by a 
Pair of Horfes, which arc driven by a diilradled Wo¬ 
man : He is covered with Armour, and brandifhes a 
Scear in his right Hand, as though he breathed Fire 

•a- O y O * 

and Death, and threatened every Body with Ruin and 
Deft ru£t ion.. 


M. It is Mars himfelf, the God of TVar^ whom I 
have often feen on Korfebaek, in ?. formidable Manner, 
with a Whip and a Spear together. A Dog was con¬ 
secrated to him, for his Vigilance in the Purfuit of his 
Prey ; a Wolf, for his Rapacioufnefs and Perfpicacity ; 
a Jlaven, be.caufe he diligently follows Armies when 

they 





Tl. VI. 


Tone jo 

















































* » 


Gf the Gods of the Heathens. 77 

* 

they march, and watches for the Carcafes of the Slain ; 
an d a Cock, for his Wak'efulncfs, whereby he prevents 
2 \\ Surprize. But, that you may underftand every 
Thlno- in that Picture, obferve, that the Creatures 
which* d raw the Chariot arc not Horfes, but Fear and 
terror. Sometimes Difcord goes before them in tatter’d 
Garments, and Cla?nour and Anger go behind. Yet 
fome fay, that Fear and Terror are Servants to Ildars j 
and accordingly, he is not more a awful and imperious 
in his Commands, than they are b ready and e:>:a£t in 
their Obedience ; as we learn from the Poets. 

P. Who is the "Woman that drives the Chariot ? 
J[4. She is Bcllona , the c Goddefs of War, and the 
Companion of Mars ; or, as others fay, his Sifter, ov 
Wife, or both. She prepares for him his Chariot and 
Horfes when he goes to fight. It is plain that fhe is 
called Bellona from Bclhtm . She is other wife called 
Due lion a from Duelhon , or from the G reek V/ ord 
[Belov e ] a Needle , whereof (he is faid to be the Invert- 
trefs. Her Priefts, the Bellonarii , facrificed to her in 
their own Blood : They <l hold in each Hand naked 

t 

a Fer gaham, Bellona , mihi , nexvfque rot arum : 

Tende, Favor ; Frrena rapid os. For mi do , j ugales. 

My Helmet let Bellona bring : Terror my Traces fit j 
And , panic Fear > do thou the rapid Driver fit. 

Claud o it: 

0 - fatvit medio in cert amine Flavors, 

C re lat us Ferro, trijlcfjue ex at there DircC, 

Et feffa gaudens vadit Dfordio pallet, 
fhjani cum fa?iguinea fequitur Bel lera flag el la . 

A Tars in the Middle of the (Lining Shield 
Is grav’d, and (hides along the liquid Field. 

The Dir a come from Heav’n with quick Dcfcent, 

And Difcord dy’d in Blood, with Garments rent. 

Divides the Prefs: Her Steps Bellotia treads. 

And (hakes her Iron Rod above their Pleads. Virg* FEn. 8, 
c Silius, 1 . 4. Statius Theb. 1 . 7. d Sectis humeris 

& utraque manu diftri£\os gladios e;:erentes. currant, efferun- 
tur, infaniunt. La&antius, 1 . 1. c, 17. 

Szvordsz 



Of tbe Gods of the Heathens „ 


Swords , with which they cut their Shoulder r, and ivildly 
rim up and down like Men ?nad and pojjejfed: Whereupon 
a People thought that (after the Sacrifice was ended) 
they were able to fore tel future Events. Clauclian intro¬ 
duces Bellona combing Snakes ; and another b Poet de- 
feribes her fhaking a burning Torch, with her Hair 
hanging loofe, ftained and clotted with Blood, and 
running through the Midfl of the Ranks of tfie Army, 
and uttering horrid Shrieks and dreadful Groans. 

Before the Temple of this Goddefs, there flood a 
Pillar called Bellica , c over which the Herald threw a 
Spear when he proclaimed War. 


a Juveriw Sat. 4. Lucan. 1 . 1. Eutrop. 
b Ip/a Jaciem qualiens , Jla-uam Janguive multo 

Sparj'a com am* medias acies Bel loti a per err at* 

Si ride t \Tar tare a nigro fuh p eft ore Diva 

Lethifcrum murmur* Sil. lib. 

Her Torch Bellona waving thro* the Air, 

Sprinkles with clotted Gore her flaming Hair, 

And thro 5 both Armies up and down doth flee* 

Whillt from her horrid Bread; TiJ:phone 
A dreadful Murmur fends. 
c Alex, ab Alexandra, 1 . 8. c. n. 


SECT. I. His Defcenl . 

Jt/FARS is faid to be the Son of Jupiter and Juno , 
J. VJL though, according to Ovid's Story, he is the Child 
of^«»0only: For, fays he, Juno greatly admired by 
what'Way pofiible her Hufband Jupiter had conceived 
Minerva, and begot her himfelf, without the Concur¬ 
rence of a Mother (as we fhall fee in the Hiftory of 
Minerva;) but as foon as her Amazement ceafed d , fhe, 
being defirous of performing the like, went to Oceanus 
to afk his Advice, whether fhe could have a Child with- 

d Horner. Iliad. 5. Hefiod. in Theog. 

out 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

cut her Hufband’s Concurrence. She was tired in her 
Journey, and fat down at the Door of the Goddefs 
flora y who, underftanding the Occafion of her Jour¬ 
ney,. defired her to be of good Heart, for {lie had in her 
Garden a Flower, which if flic only touched with the 
Tips of her Fingers,, the Smell of it would make her 
conceive a Son prefently. So yiuio was carried into the 
Garden, and the Flower (hewn her ; file touched it, 
and conceived Mars , who afterwards took to Wife 
a Nerio> or Ncrione , (which Word in the Sabine Lan¬ 
guage hgnifies b falour and. Strength) and from her the 
Claudian Family formerly derived the Name of Nero . 



a Vide de la Cerda in Virgilii A 2 n. 1 . 8> b Virtutem 

Sc Robur iignificat. 


SECT. II. Names u/Mars, 

K T I S’Name a Mars fets forth the Power and Influ- 
1 ence he has in War, where he prefides over the 
Soldiers : And his other Name b Mavors {hews, that 
all great Exploits are executed and brought about 
through his Means. 

The Greeks call him c [A?'es] either from the 

Deftrucftion and Slaughter which he caufes } or from 

the 4 Silence which is kept in War, where Actions, 

not Words, are neceffary. But from whatfoever 

Words this Nameis derived, it is certain that thofe fa- 

% * 

mous Names, Areopagus and Areopaglta , are derived 
.from Arcs. The Areopagus , *(that is theiAVY 


a Quod maribus in bello profit. b Quod magna vertaf* 
Var. de Ling. Eat. 3. c ’At to rov ocipsiv tollere, vel daccipav 
interficcre, Cic. 5. de Natura. Phurnut. 4 Ab d non & 
loquor, QTt lv TixoTUf/CW ov 7\zy:tJV ctTOt e^ycijv ^ptiety cpiod in bello 
necellaria non flat Verba fed Fafla. Saidas Paufan. in -Attic. 


or 



So Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

or Mountain of Mars) was a Place at Athens , In which, 
when Mars was accufed of Murder and Inceft, as 
though he had killed Halirothius , Neptune's Son, and 
debauched his Daughter Alcippa , he was forced to 
defend himfelf in a Trial before twelve Gods, and 
was acquitted by fix Voices ; from which that Place 
became a Court, wherein were tried capital Caufes, 
and the Things belonging to Religion. a The Areopa- 
gties were the Judges, whofe Integrity and good Credit 
was fo great, that no Perfon could be admitted into 
their Society, unleis, when he delivered in publick an 
Account of his Life paft, he was found in every Part 
thereof blamelefs. And, that the Lawyers who pleaded 
might not blind the Eyes of the Judges by their Charms- 
of Eloquence, they were obliged to plead their Caufes 
without any Ornaments of Speech $ if they did other- 
wife, they were immediately commanded to be filent. 
And, left they fhould be moved to Companion by fee¬ 
ing the mifenible Condition of the Prifoners, they gave 
Sentence in the Dark, without Lights, not by Words, 
but in a Paper; whence, when a Man is obferved to 
fpsak very little, or nothing at all, they ufed prover¬ 
bially to fay of him, that b He is as filent as one of the 
fudges in the Areopagus . 

PI is Name Gravidas comes from the Statelinefs in 
c marching ; or from his Vigour in li hrandzjhmg his 
Spear. 

.He is called dftirlnns c from Curls , or Sfuzris^ fig- 
nifying a Spear; whence comes Securzs , quafi Sejni - 
curls 9 a Piece of a Spear. And this Name was after¬ 
wards attributed to Romulus , becaufe he was efreem- 
ed the Son of Mars ; from whence the Romans were 


n :or 
^ ' 


fudauis in Pandedh ult. de len. b Areopagita 

Cic. ad Attic. I. i. c d gradiendo. <! 

i: 9 i. e. ab hafke vibratione. e Serv. in j&neid. 
■ 


tacitur- 

T OV XfZ- 


called 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


81 


called §>uirites 9 b Gradrvus is the Name of Mars when 
he rages ; and if> uirinus , when he is quiet; And ac¬ 
cordingly there were two Temples at Rome dedicated 
to him ; one within the City, which was dedicated to 
Mars uirinusy the Keeper of the City’s Peace ; the 
other without the City, near the Gate, to Mars Gra« 
dlvus , the JVarrior , and the Defender of the City a«* 

gainft all outward Enemies, 

The ancient Lathis applied to him the Title of c Sail* 
fubfulus , or Dancer^ ' from Salio 9 becaufe his Temper is 
very inconftant and uncertain, inclining fometimes. to 
this Side, and fometimes to that, in "Wars: . .Whence 
we fay, that the Iffiie of Battle is uncertain, . and 
the Chance dubious. . But \ye mull, not think that 
Mars was the only God of Wart c for Bellona , ViSlo- 
ria 9 Sou Luna , and Pluto ufe to .be reckoned in the 

^ ^ ^ # * _• , _ # * * 9 • / 

Number of Martial Deities*. It was ufualwith the La¬ 
cedemonians to fhackle the. Feet. of the Image of Mars , 
that he fhould not fly from them: And amongft the 
Romans , the Priefts Salii were inftituted to look after 

^ i % 

the Sacrifices of Mars y and go about the City dancing 
with their Shields/ „ „ . 

4 % » * * .1 . * 

He was called EnyaTius i .from Enyo , that is, Bellona^ 
and by fuch-like Names ; but it is not worth my while 
to infiff upon them longer; 


• r 




b Idem. ibid. r Pacuv 
nis eft* Cic; 1 . 6. ep. 4. 
Lil. Gyr; 


in Norm. d Mars belli commu- 
c Servius in i 1 TEneid. f Vide 


S.iS C To III- Adlions of Mars. 

T T is ftrange* that the Poets relate only one A&ion 
J. of this terrible God; and even that deferves to be 
Concealed in Darknefs, if the Eight of the Sun had 
not difcoVered it; and if a good Kernel was not 
chntained in a bad Shell. The Story of Mars and 
V anus's Adultery, from whence s H amitotic , a tutelar 

g Plutarch, in Pelopida. 

G Deity,- 






2 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


Deity, was born, was fo publickly known, that a Ozii 
concludes that every body knows it. Sc/had no fooner 
difcovered it, but he immediately acquainted Vulcan , 
Venus 's Hufband, with his Wife’s Treachery. Vulcan 
hereupon made a Net of Iron, wbofe Links were fo 
fmall and flender, that it was invifible; and fpread it 
over the Bed of Venus. Soon after the Lovers return to 
their Sport, and were caught in the Net. Vulcan calls 
all the Gods together to the Shew, who jeered them 
extremely b . And, after they had long been expofed to 
the Jett and Hides of the Company, Vulcan , at the Re- 
queft of Neptune, unloofes their Chains, and gives them 
their Liberty: But AleSlryon , Mars 's Favourite, fuf- 
fered the Punifhment that his Crime deferved; be- 
caufe, when he was appointed to watch, he fell a- 
fleep, and fo gave Sol an Opportunity to flip into the 
Chamber. Therefore Mars changed him into a Cock, 
which to this Day is c fo mindful of his old Fault, that 
he confiantly gives Notice of the Approach of the Sun, 
by his Crowing. 


I 


u 

I A 


3 Fabula ?iarratur, toto notijfima earfo> 

Mulciberis fapti Marfque Veim/que dolls. 

The Fable’s told thro 7 Heaven far and wide, 
b How Mars and Venus were by Vulcan ty’d. 

- ' VI rg. 2. 

c Grasce *AA zxrcvwv* £. e* Gallus. 


Ovid, 


a 


'U 


*^2 




^neid, 


si 

|« 


SECT. IV. The Signification of the foregoing 


Fable, 


* • 

L ET us explain this Fable. Indeed when a Venn* 
is married to a Vulcan , that is, a very handfome 
Woman to a very ugly Man, it is a great Occafionof 
Adultery. But neither can that Difhonefty, or any 
other, efcape the .Knowledge of the Sun of Right eoufnefi 
although they may be done in the obfcureft Darknefsj 
though they be with the utmoft Care guarded by the 

, . ? .... ... . . * - - — truftirt 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 83 

Sruftieft Pimps in the World ; though they be commit¬ 
ted in the privateft Retirement, and concealed with the 
greateft Art, they will at one Time or other he expofed 
to both the Infernal and Celeftial Regions, in the bright¬ 
er Lights when the Offenders fhall be fet in the Mid#* 
bound by the Chains of their Confcience, by that fal¬ 
len Vulcan , who is the In ft rumen t of the Terrors of 
the true Jupiter ; and then they lhall hear and fuffer 
the Sentence, that was formerly threatened to David 9 
in this Life, "Thou did ft this ‘Thing fecretly ; but I vuill do 
this Thing before all I fra el, and before the Sun, 2 Sam. 
xii. 12. 

But let us return again to Mars , or rather to the 
Son of Mars 3 Tereus , who learnt Wickednefs from his 
Father’s Examples for, as the Proverb lays, a bad Fa¬ 
ther makes a bad Child. 


SECT. V, 


of M 


ofT 


the Son 


CjfERE'US Was the Son of Mars , begotten of the 
Nymph Biflonis . a He married Progne the Daugh¬ 
ter of Pandion , King of Athens , when he himfelf was 
King of Thrace. This Progne had a Sifter called 

Philomela , a Virgin in Modefty and Beauty inferior 
to none. She lived with her Father at Athens . Progne 9 
being defirous to fee her Sifter, afked Tereus to fetch 
Philomela to her; he complied, and went to Athens , 
and brought Philomela , with her Father’s Leave, to 
Progne. CJpon this Occafion, Tereus falls defperate- 
ly in Love with Philomela ; and as they travelled 
together, becaufeihe refufed to Comply with his De¬ 
fires, he overpowered her, and cut out her Tongue, 
and threw her into a Gaol ; and, returning afterwards 
to his Wife, pretended, with the greateft: Aflurance, that 


a Ovid. Metam. 6 

G 2 


Philo - 



Philomela died in her Journey ; and, that this Story might 
appear true, he fhed many Tears, and put on Mourning, 
But a Injuries whet the Wit, and .Defire of Revenge 
makes People cunning*. For, Philomela , though {lie was 
dumb, found out a Way to tell her Sifter the Villainy 
of Pereus. The Way file difcovered the Injuries done 
to her was this5 fhe defcribed the Violence Percus of¬ 
fered her as well as (he could, in Embroidery, and 
fends the Work folded up, to her Sifter, who no fooner 
viewed it, but fhe boiled with Rage; and was fo tran¬ 
sported with Paftion, that fhe could b not fpeak, her 
Thoughts being wholly taken up in contriving how 
fhe fhould avenge the Affront. Firft then fhe haftened 
to f her Sifter, and brought her Home without Percui s 
Knowledge. Whilft: fhe was thus meditating Revenge, 
her young Son leys came embracing his Mother ; but 
fhe carried him afide into the remote Parts of the Houfe, 
and Hew him while c he hung abcut her Neck, and 
called her Mother: When fhe had killed him, fte 
cut him into Pieces, and dreffed the Flefb,. and gave it 
jVereus for Supper; Pereus d fed heartily on his own 


— Graride Moris 




pgeniuni eft, miferifqne njenit folertia reins. 

Xteftfe of Vengeance makes the Invention quick. 
When, miferable. Help with Craft we feek. 
b Bt (mirum potulfe ! ) ftlet ; dolor ova reprejjit , 

Verbaque queer inti fatis' indigna>itia lingtue 
JDefuerant , nec ft ere *vacat: fedfafque nefajque 
Confttfura ritit , poenreque in imaghie tota eft . 

She held her Peace, ’tis ftrange: Grief flruck her mute. 
No Language could .with, fiich- a Pallion fuit, - 
Nor had ftie Time fo weep * Right, Wrong were mix 
In her fell Thoughts her Soul on Vengeance iixt. 
c Bt mater , mater, clamahte?n 15 colla pbtentem 
Enfe ferit: ' 

«-He Mother, ’Mother, cries,- 

And on her clings,- whilft by her Sword he dies. 

81 Vefcitur, inane fiamfua njifcera congerit al-vum . 

—-- -- - - does eat. 

And his own Flefh and Blood does make his Meat, 


v 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 85 

Flefb and Blood. And when after Supper he fent for 
his Son Itys , a Progne told him what the had done, and 
fhewed his Son’s Head. Tereus, incenfed with Rage, 
rufhed on them both with his drawn Sword 5 but they 
fled away, and Fear added Wings to their Flight; fo 
that Progne became a Swallow, and Philomela a Night¬ 
ingale. Fury gave Wings to Tereus himfelf; he was 
changed into a TVhoopo (Upupa) which is one-of the fil- 
thieft of all Birds. The Gods out of Pity changed Itys 
into a Pheafant* 

a Intus babes quodpoJcis y ait. Circumfpicit rile 
Atque ubi Jit> quterit ; qucercntiy iter unique vocanti^ 

Projiluit, Ityofque caput Philomela cnie?iiu?n 
Mi/it in ora pair,is. 

Thou haft, faid fhe, within thee thy Delire. 

He looks about, afks where. And while again 
He afks and calls ; allbloody with the Slain, 

Forth like a Fury Philomela flew, 

.And at liis Face the Head of Itys threw. 

SECT. YI. The Sacrifices -of Mak s. 

r fj ' v O Mars b were facrificed the Wolf for his Fierce- 
JL nefs ; the Horfe for his Ufefulnefs in War; the 
Woodpecker and the Vultur for their Ravenoufnefs ; 
the Cock for his Vigilance, which Virtue Soldiers 
ought chiefly to have; and Grafs, becaufe it grows in 
Towns that the War leaves without an Inhabitant; 
and is thought to come up the quicker in fuch Places 
as have been moiftened with human Blood. 

Among!!: the moft ancient Rites belonging to Mars s 
I do not know a more memorable one than the follow¬ 
ing : c Whoever had undertaken the Conduit of any War^ 

b Virgil, ^n. 9. c Qui belli alicujus fufceperat curam* 
facrarium Martisingreflus, primo Anciliacommovebat,poft 
haftam fimulacri ipfius ; dicens. Mars , Kigila, Servius. 

G 3 he 


86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

he went into the Vejiry of the Temple of Mars ; and ftfl 
Jhaked the Ancilia (which zvere a Sort of holy Shields) af - 
terzvards the Spear of the Image of Mars if elf and faid i 
Mars, Watch, 



CHAP. X. 

The Celeftial Gcddejfes . Juno. ■ 

M. ' V %T OU have viewed the Five Celeftial Gods; 

JL now look upon the Celeftial Goddeftes that 
follow them there in Order. Firft obferve Juno, rid¬ 
ing in a a golden Chariot, drawn by Peacocks, diftin- 
guifhed by a Sceptre, which fhe holds in her Hand, 
and wearing a Crown that is fet about with Rofes and 
Lillies. 

She is the Queen of the Gods, and both the b Sifter 
and Wife of 'Jupiter . Her Father was c Saturn , and 
her Mother Ops: She was born in the Ifland Samos 
where fhe lived till fhe was married 

P. Really fhe carries a very majeftick Look. How 
bright, how majeftical, how beautiful is that Face, how 
comely are all her Limbs ? How well does a Sceptre be¬ 
come thofe Hands, and a Crown that Head ? How much 
Beauty is therein her Smiles? How much Gracefulnefs 
in her Breaft ? Who could refift fuch Charms, and 
not fall in Love, when he fees fo many Graces ? Her 
Carriage is ftately, her Drefs elegant and fine. She is 
full of Majefty, and worthy of the greateft Admiration* 
But what pretty Damfel is that, which waits upon her, 
as if fhe were her Servant ? 


Virg- 1. 

MJt 


a Ovid. Metam. 2. Apuleius, 1 . 10, 
b - Jo<vifpue 

Et for or id co 7 ijux -- — ■ 

• c Apollon. 1. Argon. 


H ML x 


rf &, 






































































































































































































M. It is /w 5 a the Daughter of Tbaumas and Elee- 
$ra 9 and Sifter to the Harpyes . She is Juno's Meflen- 
ger, as Mercury is Jupiter's, though Jupiter and the o~ 
ther Gods, the Furies, nay, fometim^s Men, havefent 
her on a Meflage. Becaufe of her Swiftnefs £he is 
painted with Wings, and file rides on a Rainbow^ as 
b Ovid fays. 

It is her Office befides to unloofe the Souls of Women 
from the Chains of the Body, as Mercury unloofes the 
Mens'. We have an Example of this in Dido, who laid 
violent Hands on‘herfelf; for, when Ihe was almoft 
dead, Juno fent Iris to loofe her Soul from her Body*, 
as c Virgil largely defcribes it in the Fourth Book of the 
JEneid . 


But herein Iris differs from Mercury % for whereas 
he is fent both from Heaven and from Hell, {he is fent 


a Virg. 2. JEn. z, Nonn. 20. Idem. 31. Homer. Iliad. 23, 

b t’emeatper quos modo venerat arcus . 

On the fame Bow fhe went fhe foon returns. Ov . Met, 2, 
c ’Turn Juno. omnipotens lo?jgum infer at a doloretn, 

Difficilefque obit us, Irim demijit Qlympo ; 

Qucs luttantem animum, tiexofque refolveret artus 0 
Ergo Iris croceis pes‘ caelum rofcida pennis , 

Mille trabens varies adverfo Sole colores , 

Devolat, & fupra caput ajiitit . Hu?ic ego Diiz 
Sacrum jujjd fero, teque ijio cor pore folvo ; 

Sic ait, & dextra crinejn fee at, omnis & unci 
Dilapfus color, atque hi vent os vita recejjit . 

Then Juno, grieving that fhe fhould fuflain 
A Death fo lingering and fo full of Pain, 

Sent Iris down to free her from the Strife. 

Of lathing Nature, and di fib I ve her Life. 

Downward the various Goddefs took her Flighty 
And drew a thoufand Colours from the Light; 

Then flood about the dying Lover’s Head, 

And faid I thus devote thee to the Dead, 

This Off ring to th’ Infernal Gods I bear. 

Thus while fhe fpoke, fhe cut the fatal Hair : 

The flruggling Soul was loos’d and Life difTolv’d in Air. 

G 4. fronn 



38 Of the Gods of the Heathens 9 

from Heaven only*. He oftentimes was employed in 
Meflages of Peace, whence he was called the b Peace¬ 
maker? But Iris was always fent to promote Strife and 

Diflenfion, as if fhewas the Goddefs of Difcord ; And 

, / * ' ' 

therefore fome think that her c Name was given her 
from the Contention which fhe perpetually creates 3 
though others fay, fhe was called d lris y becaufe fhe 
delivers her MefTages by Speech, and not in Writing. 

, . 1 % - % 

a Heixod. in Theog. * > Ei(=v)vo'z;oio<; y i. e. pacificator. Vid, 
Serv. in iEneid. 4. quail"Epts Contentio. Servius 

d llupa to zgE?V} a loquendo. 

SECT. I. The Children of J uno. 

Her Dijpojition . 

P 9 \“XjT HAT Children had Juno by Jupiter? 

Vv At. Vulcan , Atars, and Hebe . c Although 
fome write that Hebe had no other Parent than Juno? 
and was born in the Manner following: Before Juno 
had any Children, fhe eat fome wild Lettuces, fet before 
her at a Feaft in Jupiter 9 s Houfe; and growing on a 
fudden big-bellied fhe brought forth Hebe , who, for her 
extraordj.fiary Beauty, was, by Jupiter* made Goddefs 
of Youth, and had the Office of Cup-bearer of Jupiter 
given to her. . But when by an unlucky Fall fhe made 
all the Guefts laugh, Jupiter was enraged, turned her 
out from her Office, and put Ganymede in her Stead® 

P. Which was Junds mod notorious Fault? 

At* Jealoufy: I will give one or two of the many 
Inftances of it. Jupiter loved Io y the Daughter of Ina- 
thus ; and enjoyed her. When Juno obferved that 
Jupiter was absent frpiq Heaven, fhe juftly Aifpe&ed 

• - f • • « — ^ % \+n m ♦ "T M * 

e Paufan. in Corintho 

• • • * 4 


that 


n-'V 





that the Purfuit of his Amours was the Caufe of his Ab- 
fence. Therefore fhe immediately flew down to the 
Earth after him, and luckily found the very Place* 
where Jupiter and /? entertained themfelves in private. 
As foon as Jupiter perceived her coming, fearing a 
Chiding, he turned the young Lady into a white Cow* 
Juno, feeing the Cow, afked who fhe was, and from what 
gull fhe came? Says Jupiter , fhe was born on a fudden 
put of the Earth. The cunning Goddefs, fufpedfling 
the Matter, defued to have the Cow, which Jupiter 
could not refufe, left he fhould increafe her Sufpicion. 1 
So Juno , taking the Cow, b gave it Argus to keep ; 
which Argus had an hundred Eyes, two of which in 
their Turns flept, while the others watched. 

Thus was Jo under conftant Confinement; nor was 
the perpetual Vigilance of her Keeper her only Mif- 
fortune; for, befides, fhe was fed with nothing but 
infipid Leayes and bitter Herbs, which Hardfhip Jupiter 
could not endure to fee. Wherefore he fent Mercury 
to Argus to fet Jo free. Mercury , under the Difguife 
pf a Shepherd, came to Argus , and with the Mufick 
of his Pipe lulled him afleep, and then cut off his 
Head. Juno was grieved at Argus's, Death, and to 


b-— Sernjandam tradidit Argo, 

Centum luminibus chiShjzn caput Argus babcbat : 

Indefuis *vicibus capieba?it bina quiet e?n ; 

Cestera fer-vabazzi , atque in Jlatione manebant* 

Conjiiterat quocunque loco , fpeftabat ad Jo , 

Ante oculos Jo, quamvis a'verfus babe bat, 

. The Goddefs then to Argus ftraight convey’d 
Her Gift, and him the watchful Keeper made. 

Argus's Head an hundred Eyes pofleft; 

And only two at once declin’d to Reft; 

The others watch’d, and in a conftant Round, 
Refrefliment in alternate Courles found. 

Where’er he turn’d he always Io view’d, 

Jo he faw, tho’ fhe behind him flood. 0<vid. \. Met am, 

* * * , 

make 




9 ° Of ^ oe &°d s of the Heathens . 

snake him 4 ome Amends, fhe turned him into a Pea¬ 
cock, and c fcattered his hundred Eyes about the Tail 
of the Bird. * Nor did her Rage'-againft Io ceafe, for 
£he committed her to the Furies to be tormented : De- 
fpair and Anguifh made her flee into Egypt , where (he 
begged of Jupiter to reftore her to her former Shape. 
Her Requeft being granted, fhe thenceforth took the 
Name of ljis 9 the Goddefs of the Egyptians , and was 
v/orfhipped with Divine Honour. 

Juno gave another clear Mark of her Jealoufy. d For, . 
when her Anger againft Jupiter was fo violent, that 
nothing could pacify her. King Citheeron c advifed Ju¬ 
piter to declare that he intended to take another Wife. 
The Contrivance pleafed him, wherefore he takes an 
oaken Image, drefled very beautifully, and puts it into 
a Chariot, and declares publicity, that he was about to 
Enarry Plataa the Daughter of JEfvpus . The Report 
fpread, and came to Juno's'. Ears; who, immediately 
running thither, fell furioufly upon the Image, and tore 
all the Cloaths, till fhe difcovered the Jeft ; and Laugh¬ 
ing very much, flie was reconciled to her Hufband : 
And from King Citbeeron> the Advifer of the Artifice, 
£he was afterwards called Citbesronia. .The reft of the 
rnoft confiderable of her Names follow. 


« -- Ceniumque oculos nox occupnt una y 

Excipzt bos, *voh(crfquefuai Saturnia pennis 
C olio cat, fsf gemmis caudamjlellantibus iniplet . • . 

There Argus lies; and all that wond’rous Light, 
Which gave his hundred Eyes their ufeful Sight, 
Lies buried now in one eternal Night. 

But Juno, that fhe might his Eyes retain. 

Soon fix’d them in her gawdy Peacock’s Train. 
d Doroth, de Nat. Fabulas. e Plut. in Arid. 



SECT II. Names of Juno. 


NT HI A? u e. Florida 9 Flowery: i Paufanias 
mentions her’TempIe. 


Jrgiva from the People s Argivi ; amongft whom the 
Sacrifices called [ Heraia ] c H^r« were celebrated to her 


Honour; in which an Iletacomb , that is, an Hundred 


Oxen, were facrificed ro her. They made her Image of 
Gold and Ivory, holding a Pomegranate in one Hand* 
a-d a Sceptre in the other; upon the Top of which 
flood, a Cuckow , becaufe Jupiter changed himfelf into 
than Bird, when he fell in Love with her* 


Bwuea , from h Bunanis the Son of Mercury , who 
built a Temple to this Goddefs at Corhith . 

Calendar is (from the old Word 1 Calo, to call; for 
flie was called upon by the Priefts, upon the firftDays 
of every Month ; which Days are called Calendar* 

Caprotbia , k on the Nones of July, that is, on the 
yth Day, Maid-fervants celebrated her Feftival, toge¬ 
ther with feveral Free-women, and offered Sacrifices to 
Juno under a wild Fig-tree (Caprificus) in Memory of 
that extraordinary Virtue, which directed the Maid- 
fervants of Rome to thofe Counfels, which preferved the 
Honour of the Roma?i Name. For after the City was 
taken, and the Gallick Tumults quieted, the Borderers 
having an Opportunity almoft to opprefs the Romans y 
who had already fuffered fo much ; they fent an He¬ 
rald to tell the Remans , that, if they defired to fave the 
Remainder of their City from Ruin, they muff fend all 
their Wives and Daughters. The Senate being ftrange- 
ly diftra&ed hereat, a Maid-fervant, whole Name was 
Philotis or Tutsla y telling her Defign to the Senate , 
took with her feveral other Maid-fervants, drefied then* 


f In Coripth. s Doroth. 1. 2 . Met. & Paufan. h Pau- 
fan. in Corinth. 1 Macrob. in Sat. k Plutarch, & Ovid. 
deArte Amandi, Var« de Ling. Lat, 


like 


92 Of fhe Gods of the Heathens. 

like Miflreffes of Families, and like Virgins, and went 
with them to the Enemy. Levy , the Dictator , difperC. 
ed them about the Camp ; and they incited the Men to 
drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Feftival Day; 
The Wine made the Soldiers fleep foundly 5 whereupon 
a Sign being given from a wild Fig*-tree, the Romani 
•came and {lew all the Soldiers. The Romans were not 
forgetful of this great Service; for they made all thefe 
Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
pubHclc Treafury: They ordered that the Day fhould 
be called Nones Capr Glints , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
whence they had the Sign: And they ordered an Anni- 
verfary Sacrifice to Juno Caprotina, to be celebrated un¬ 
der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
the Sacrifices in Memory of the Action.. 

Curls or Curitis , from her Spear a called Curls in the 
Language of the old Sabines . The Matrons were un- 
derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
b Plutarch^ the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called j 
rites and Curitis . Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
dead, which Spear was called Hajla Cell bar is. 

Cingula , d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
when fhe was led to her Marriage ; for this Girdle was 
unloofed with Juno 9 s good Leave, who was thought 
the Patronefs of Marriage. 

Do min due a and Inter duca , c from bringing Home the 
Bride to her Hujband* 5 Houfe . 

Egeria , f becaufe Jhe promoted , as they believed , the 
Facility of the Birth. 

a Feflus. • b In Roinulo. c Crinis nubentium come- 
batur hafta celibari, quze fcilicet in cor pore gladiator is fletif- 
fet abje£tioccilique. Arnob. contra Gentcs. _ d A cin- 
gulo. Marian, de Niipt. c A ducerjda uxore in domum 
snariti. Auguft. 7 . de Civit. f Quod earn partui egerendo 
opitulari crederent. Feflus. 

Februalls , 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 9 3 

* 

Februalis , Februata , Februa , or Februla , a becaufe 
they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Pern’s 
Feafb, when the Luperci, the Priefts of the God of 
Shepherds, running naked through the City, and c flri- 
Jcing the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
Juno 9 s Cloak (that is, with ffo of a Goat) d purified 
them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; and 
the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofe alfo, and the Pea¬ 
cock, were facred to her. 

Fluonia , f becaufe fheaffifted Women in their Courfes. 

Hoplofmta , that is, s armed completely , fhe was - wor¬ 
shipped at P/ri 5 and from hence Jupiter is called Afo- 

plofmius. 

b Jug a, becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Marriages . * A 
Street in Rome, where her Altar flood, was called yi*- 
garius from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfb, 
by fome 7 called Socigena, becaufe k fhe afiifts in the cou¬ 
pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 

Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium > built and dedi¬ 
cated to her by 1 Lac ini us. 

Lucina , and Lucilia, either from m the Grove, in 
which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
World, into which Infants are brought by her. n Ovid 


a Ex Sext. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. -z>. 
Faftorum. d Februabant, id eft, purgaban.t. Cic. 2 . Phil. 
c Virg. 4. JEn . Idem 8 . Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
fiaoribus menftruis adefl. s Lil. Gyrald. h Et Greece 
Ziylu ajugo aut conjugio. Serv. -4. JEn. 1 Fefius. 

k Quodnubentes aflociet. 1 Strab. 1. 6 . Liv. 1. 24 ., 
a A luco vel luce. Var. de Ling. Lat. 

* Gratia Lucina , dedit hsec tibi nc?ni?ia Lucas, 

Vel quia principiumiu, dca, lucis babes. 

Lucina, hail, fo nam'd from thy own Grove, 

Or from the Light thou giv’It us from-above. Fafi. 1 . 2 . 

2 computes 


g2 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

like MiftrefTes ofFamilies, and like Virgins 9 and went 
with them to the Enemy* Levy , the Dictator , difperf* 
ed them about the Camp; and they incited the Men to 
drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Feftival Day; 
The Wine made the Soldiers fleep foundly ; whereupon 
a Sign being given from a wild Fig-tree, the Romans 
•came 2nd flew ail the Soldiers. The Romans were not 
forgetful of this great Service; for they made all thefe 
Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
publiclc Treafury: They ordered that the Day fhould 
be called Nonce Caprotincs , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
whence they had the Sign: And they ordered an Anni- 
verfary Sacrifice to Juno Caprotina , to be celebrated un¬ 
der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
the Sacrifices in Memory of the A&ion,. 

Cur is or Curitis ,, from her Spear a called Curts in the 
Language of the old Sabines. The Matrons were un- 
derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
b Plutarch , the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called S%ui- 
rites and Curitis. Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
dead, which Spear was called Hajla Celibaris . 

Cingula , d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
when fhe was led to her Marriage ; for this Girdle was 
unloofed with Juno's good Leave, who was thought 
the Patronefs of Marriage . 

Dominduca and Interduca , c from bringing Home the 
Bride to her Hujband's Hotfe. 

Egeria , f becaufe f)e promoted , as they believed , the 
Facility of the Birth . 

a Feflus. ■ b In Romulo. c Crinis nubentium come- 
batur hafta celibari, quas fcilicetin corporegladiator;s ftetif- 
fet abjedtioccifique. Arrxob. contra Gentcs. d A cin- 
gulo. Marian. deNupt. c A ducenda uxore in domum 
mai iti. Auguft. 7. deCivit. f Quod earn partui egerendo 
opitulari crederent. Feflus« 

FebrualiSy 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 93 

* 

Felrualis , Februata , Februa , or Februla , a becaufe 
they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Paw’s 
Feafis, when the Luperci 7 the Priefls of Pan, the Godcf 
Shepherds, running naked through the City, and c lin¬ 
king the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
Juno's Cloak (that is, with the Skin of a Goat) a purified 
them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; and 
the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofealfo, and the Pea¬ 
cock, were facred to her. 

Fluonia , { becaufe fheaffifted Women in their Courfes> 

Hoplofmia , that is, g armed completely , fhe was wor- 
fhipped a tElh'> and from hence Jupiter is called Ho - 
plojmius. 

* Juga , becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Marriages . 1 A 
Street in Rome, where her" Altar flood, was called y#- 

from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfo, 
by fome 7 called Socigena , becaufe k fhe afiifts in the cou¬ 
pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 

Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium > built and dedi¬ 
cated to her by 1 Lacinius . 

Lucina , and Lucilia, either from m the Grove, in 
which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
World, into which Infants are brought by her. n Ovid 

a Ex Se;;t. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. 2. 
Faftorum. d Februabant, id eft, purgabant. Cic. 2. Phil, 
c Virg. 4. ^£n. Idem 8. Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
fiuoribus menftruis adeil. s Lil. Gyrald. h Et Graece 
Z lylcc ajugo aut conjugio. Serv. 4. 1 Fefius. 

k Quod nubentes aflociet. 1 Strab. 2 . 6. Liv. 1 . 24, 

a A luco vel luce. Var. de Ling. Lat. 

n Gratia. Lucina , dedit htvc iibi ncmbia Lucas , 

Vd quia principium iu , dea 9 lucis babes . 

Lucina , hail, fo nam’d from thy own Grove, 

Or from theLight thou giv’ft us from-above. FV?/?. 1 . 2, 

2 computes 


94 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


comprifes both tliefe Significations of Lucian in a Db 
fiich. 

Moneta , s either becaufe fhe gives wholefomeCoun* 
fel to thofe who confult her, or becaufe ftie was believ¬ 
ed to be the Goddefs of Money. 

h Nuptialis; and when they facrificed to her under tils 
Name, 1 they took the Caul out of the Vi£Hm, and cafe 
It behind the Altar; to fignify, that there ought to be no 
Gall of Anger betwixt thofe -who are married together* 

Opigena, becaufe fhe gives ’* Help to "Women in Labour* 

Partbenos , the Virgin; or 1 Parthenia , Virginity; and 
fhe was fo called, as m we are told, from hence: There 
was a Fountain, amongft the Argivi , called Canathui , 
where Juno , wafhing herfelf every Year, was thought 
to recover her Virginity anew. 

Perfetta, that is, Perfedl: For n Marriage wasefteem* 
ed the Perfection of human Life, and unmarried People 
imperfect. \Vherefore fhe did not become perfe< 3 , 
nor deferve that Name till fhe married Jupiter . 

Populona , or Populonia , ° becaufe People pray to her; 
or becaufe they are procreated from Marriage, of which 
fhe is Goddefs. 

And for the fame Reafon fhe was called p Pronub: 
Neither indeed were any Marriages lawful, unlefs Juris 
was firft called upon. 

Regina , Queen : and this Title fhe gives herfelf, as 
we read in q VirgiL 


g Vel quod reddat monita falutaria, vel quod'fit Dea mo- 
netse, id eft, pecuniae. Liv, 1 . 7. Suid. Ovid. Epift. Parid. 

h Grasce 1 Eufeb,' 3. Praep. Evang. FluC, 

in Sympof. ' k Opem in partu laborantibus fert. Lil. Gy- 
rald. 1 Pindar, in Hymn. Olymp. m Paufan. in Co¬ 
rinth. n Jul. Pollux. 1 . 3. Apud Grsecoseodemfenfu Ju¬ 
no vocabatur r dkfiu, Sc conj ugium ipfum r&ziov, quod vitam 
humanam reddat perfe&am. Vide Scholiaft. Pindar. Od. 9. 
Veme. ® Aug. 6. de Civit. Macrob. 6. Saturn, 
p Seneca in Medea, 

*2 Aft ego , quee Dbutm bice do Regina, Jovi/que 

Et Soror &; Conjux 0 ‘ JEn> l* 

S of pit a $ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 9 g 

Sofpita 3 3 becaufe all the Women were fuppofed to 
be under .her Safeguard, every one of which had a 
Juno? as every Man had his Genius. 

JJnxia was another of her Names, b becaufe the Polls 
of the Door were anointed, where a new-married Co-u- 
lived : whence the Wife was called c Uxor . 


But I who walk in awful State above ; 

The MajeJly of Heaven; Siller and Wife of Jove. 

3 A folpitando Cic. de Nat. b Ab ungendo. Lil. Gy- 
raid. c Quail Unxor, ab ungen'dis poliibus* 


SECT, III. 

• • * 

S the Signification of the Fable. Juno the Air! 

• 0 

9 

TF we regard Varro *s Account, by Juno was figni- 
JL fied the Earth , and by Jupiter the Heavens , By the 
Marriage of which two, that is, by the Commixture of 
the Influences of the Heavens with the Vapours of the 
Earth, all Things almoft are generated. 

But, if we.believe the Stoicks , by Juno is meant the 
Air; for that, as Tze/ly.fays 9 d lying between the Earth 
and the Heavens, is confecrated by the Name of Juno r 
And what makes this ConjetSlure more probable, the 
Greek c Names of Juno and the Air have great Affinity 
and Likenefs. Juno is called Jupiter’s Wife ; f be¬ 
caufe the Air, being naturally cold, is warmed by Ju~ 
piter , that is, by Fire. She is called Aeria %; becaufe 
fhe is the Air itfelf, or rules in the Air ; and hence a- 
rifes the Story, that Juno is bound by Jupiter with 
golden Chains, iron Anvils being.hung at her Feet: 
Hereby the Ancients fignified, that the Air, though na~ 


9 * * 

d Aer interjedtus inter cesium Sc terrain Junonis nomine 
confecratus efl:. Cicero z. de Natura. 
c Sc "H get • 

f Hellenic, in Ac* p^otoy'cc, Horn. Iliad. 

, * Phurnut. . , . ? ' .... 

•" ■•iuraUy* 



rurally mote like Fire, yet it was fometimes mingled 
with Earth and Water, the heavieft Elements* 


And, as I mentioned before, every Woman had a 
unoy and every Man had a Genius * which were their 
'utelar or Guardian Ahgels a . 



Sen. Epifl. 320. 



CHAP. XL 

SECT. I. Minerva s/- Pallas. 

Her hnage . 

JP. '“TpHtS is a threatening'Go.ddefs, and carries 1 
A nothing but Terror in her Afpeft. 

M. It is Minerva , who derives her Name, as fome 
£hink, h from the Threats of her ftern and fierce Look, 
P. But why is fhe cloathed with Armour , rathpr 
than with Women’s Cloaths ? c What means that 
Head-piece of Gold, and the Creft that glitters fo? To 
what Purpofe has fhe a golden Breaft-plate, and a 
Lance in her Right-hand, and a terrible Shield in her 
Left? On the Shield, which fhe holds, I fee a grifly 

Head befet with Snakes. And what means the Cod 

• * 

and the OvA, that are painted there ? 

M. I will fatisfy all your Demands. She ought to 
be armed, rather than drefled' in Women’s Cloaths, 
becaufe fhe is the Prejident and In vent refs of War , 
The Cock ftands by her betaufe he is a fighting Bird j 
and is often painted fitting on her Head-piece 5 as does 
the Owl, of which by and by. But as for the Heals 
which feems fo formidable with Snakes* fhe not only 
carries it on her Shield* but fometimes alfo in the 
Midft of her Breaft : It is the Head of Medifa , one of 

1 

b Minerva dicitur a minis. c Apollon. 90. d 'Virg. 
II. -ffineid. Cic. de Nat. Dcoivl. x. 

the 










































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . gy 

Gdrgons, of . which ° Virgil gives a beautiful Defcription. 
The BafiliiE alfo.is (acred to her, to denote the great 
Sagacity of her Mind, and the dreadfuJ Effects of her 
Courage, {he being the Goddefsboth of Wifdom and of 
War; for, the Eye of the Bafilifk is hot only piercing 
enough to difcover the. fmaheft Objedh, but k is able to 
firike dead into whatfoever Creature it looks on. But,- 
I believe, yoii do not obferve an Olive-Crown upon the 
Head of this Goddefs. 

4 

P. It efcaped my Notice; nor do I yet fee why the 
Goddefs of iVar fhould be crowned with an Olive , which 
is an Eriiblem of Peace $ as, I remember, I have read in 
p Virgil ^ ; ^ 

M . For that very Reaforl, becaufe it is the Emblem * 
cf Peace it ought to be given to the Goddefs of War e 
For, War is only made that Peace may follow, Tho* 
there is another Reafon too, why {he wears the Olive : 
For, hie firft taught Mankind the Ufe of that Tree. 
When Cecrops built a new City,- Neptune and Minerva 
contending about the Name of that City, it was refol- 
ved, that whichfoever of the two Deities found out the 
moft ufeful Creature to Man, fhould give their Name 
to the City. Neptune brought a Horfe, and Minerva 
caufed an Olive to fpring out of the Earth, which was 
judged a more ufeful Creature far Man than the Horfe ; 


0 yEgidaque horriferam, tier bates Pall adz s udrma^ 

QertatwiJ'qua??i??iisfcrpentu?;z , aui'oque polibant^ 

Conncxofque angues ; ipfamque i?i pediore Dives , 

Gorgo?za , dcfcSzo vcrientezzi Izwiina collo . 

The reft refrefh the fcaly Snakes that fold 
The Shield of Pallas , and renew their Gold : 

FuIIon the Creft the Gorgon^s Head they places 
With Eyes that roll in Death and with diftorted Face* 

PEneid. 8, 

p Paczferaque maiiu ramunz prestendit olives z 

And in her Hand a Branch of peaceful Olive bears. 

* Hut. in Themiffoc. Herod. Terpftch. 

H There-. 



9 $ ©/* the Gods- of the Heathens ; 

Therefore Minerva named the City* and called it £ 
iBenay after her own Name* in Greek 5 a 0 W. 


SECT. II. The Birth of Minerva, 

IT Tift or V mentions five a Minerva* s. We fhall fpeak 
jLjL of that only which was bom of Jupiter and to 
whom the reft are referred. 

P . But how was fhe born ?' 

40 

M. I will tell you, if you do not know, though it is 
ridiculous. When 'Jupiter faw that his Wife Juno was 
barren, he through Grief ftruclc his Forehead, and after 
three Months brought forth Minerva \ from whence, 
as fome fay, fhe was called b Tritonia ; Vulcan was his 
Midwife, c who, opening his- Brain with the Blow of 
an Hatchet, was amazed,, when he faw d an armed Vi¬ 
rago leaping out of the Brain of the Father, inftead of 
a tender, little, naked Girl. 

Some havefaid, that c Jupiter conceived this Daugh¬ 
ter when he had devoured Metis,, one of his Wives, 
with which Food he prefently grew big, and brought 
forth the armed Pallas . 

They fay befides, f that it rained Gold in the Illaml 
of Rhodes , when Minerva' was born: Which Obferva- 
tion s Claudian makes alfo.- 

a Cic. de Nat. Deor. b Quail Tpilo^uic veli>V.MtA 
tertio menfe nata, Athena,-apud Gyr. c Lucian>■ in Dia¬ 
log. Deorum. 

u _- Zy e Capitis fertur Jine mat re prater nr 

Veviice arm clypeo projiluiJJe/no. 

Gut of her Father's Scull, as they report,- 

Without a Mother, all in Arms leap’d forth.- 

" Heliod in Theogon.- f Strabo, 1 . 14-. 

s Auratos Rbodiis imbrcs , nafcento Minerva, 

Induxi/fe Jove??! ferunt . 

At Pallas' Birth, great Jupiter, Ave’re told,- 

[Beflrew’d the Rhodians with a Show’r of G-old. 

SEC T. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


99 


SECT. III. Names of Minerva. 

L EX us fir ft examine whence the Names Minerva 
and Pallas are derived. 

Minerva is fo called from a diminifhing. And it is 
very true, that fhe, being the Goddefs of War, dimi- 
nifhes the Numbers of Men, and both deprives Families 
of their Heads, and Cities of their Members. b Eut it 
may be derived from Threatenings, as I faid before $ 
becaufe her Looks threaten the Beholders with Vio¬ 
lence, and ftrike them with Terror, Or, perhaps, fhe 
has her Name from the good c Admonitions flic gives 5 
becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Wifdom . She is common¬ 
ly thought to be Wifdom itfelfy whence, when Men 
pretend to teach thofe that are wifer than themfelves* 
it is proverbially faid, d That Soto teaches Minerva . And 
from this Name of Minerva comes Minerval , or Mi- 
nervale c , fignifying the Salary that is given by the 
Sch'olars to their Mafters. 

The Greeks call her Athena % becaufe fhe never fucked 
the Breaft of her Mother or Nurfe f ; for file was born 
out of her Father’s Head, in full Strength* and was 
therefore called Motherlefs g . Plato thinks fhe had this 
Name from her Skill h in divine Affairs. Others think 
fhe was fo named, 1 becaufe fhe is never enflaved, but 
enjoys the moft perfect Liberty: And indeed Wifdom 
and Philofophy give their Votaries the moft perfect 

a Quod, minuit vel minuitur. Cic. de Nat. Deor. b Vel 
K minis, quod vim minetur, Cornif. ap Gyr. c Vel a mo- 
nendo, Fcftus. d Sus Minervam, avq'Afa Cic. 9. E- 
pift. l8. c Greece cKfrcty.'rgov . j Ab cl non& 

mammam fugere. dpnr&pt l e. matre ca- 

rens, Pollux, Phurnilt. h fiqua Ssoyvw, vel *kSi» >ov) T 

hoc eft, qua3 divina cognofcit. Plato in Cratylo. 1 Ab d 
non Sc fervire. 

Free* 

% 


H 2 


IOO 


Of the Gods of the Heathens « 

Freedom, as the Stoic ks well obferve, who fay, a The 
Philofopher or Wife-man is the only Free-man. 

She is called Pallas , from a Giant of the fame Name, 
which file flew; or from the Lake Pallas , where fhc 
was firft feen by Men; or, laftly, which is more pro¬ 
bable b , from brandifhing her Spear in War. 

She had many other Names, which I might now re¬ 
count to you ; but becaufe a great many of them are 
infignificant and ufelefs, I will only fpeak of two or 
three, after I have firft difcourfed of the Palladium. 

The Palladiu?n was an Image of Pallas , preferved in 
the Caftle of the City of Troy : For, while the Caftlc 
and Temple of Minerva were building, they fay, this 
linage fell from Heaven into the Temple, before it 
was covered with a Roof. This raifed every body’s 
Admiration ; and when the Oracle of Jpollo was con- 
fulted, he anfwered,. That the City fhould be fafe fo 
long as that Image remained within it. Therefore, 
when the Grecians befieged 7 roy 9 they found c 'that it 
was impoftible to take the City, unlefs the Palladium 
was taken out of it. This Bufinefs was left to UlyJJes 
and Dtomedes , who undertook to creep into the City 
through the Common Sewers, and bring away this fa¬ 
tal Image. When they had performed this, Troy was 
taken without any Difficulty. <l Some fay it was not 
lawful for any Perfon to remove that Palladium* or even 
to look upon it. Others add, that it was made ofWood, 
fo that it was a Wonder how it could move the Eyes 
and {hake the Spear. Others, on the contrary, repoit, 
that it was made of the Bones of Pclops , and fold to 
the Trojans by the Scythians: They add, that Mtuai 
recovered it, after it had been taken by the Greet, 

from Diomedes , and carried it with him into c lta!)\ 

% 

1 

* % 

. a Liber nemo eft nifi fapiens; Tullius in- Paradox b Ax) 
tS TsctKszw to oogU) a vibranda hafta, Servius in i. JEneid. 
c Ovid. 5. F.aft. d Herodian. 1 t. Plat„in Paral* Serv. in 

3 iEn,- Clem, in Protrep. Dion. Hal. 1 Antiq. 

where 


♦ 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . I o x 

where it is laid up in the Temple of Vefta , as a Pledge 
of the Stability of the Roman Empire, as it had beea 
before a Token of the Security of "Troy . And laflly, 
others write, that there were two Palladiums , one of 
which Diomedes took, and another JE?ieas carried with 

him. 

Parthenos , i. e. Virgin , was another of Mhierva § 
Names from whence a the Temple at Athens , where 
/lie was moft religioufly worshipped, was called Par¬ 
thenon: For Minerva, like Vejla and Diana , was a 
perpetual Virgin, and fuch a Lover of Chaflity, thatfhe 
deprived Tirefias of his Sight, becaufe he faw her bath¬ 
ing in the Fountain of Helicon: b But Tirejias* s Mo¬ 
ther, by her humble Petitions, obtained, that, fince 
her Son bad loft the Eyes of his Body, the Sight of 
his Mind might be brighter and clearer, by having 
the Gift of Prophecy. 

c Ovid , indeed, aftigns another Caufe of his Blind,- 
nefs, to wit, when ‘ Jupiter and Juno , in a merry Dis¬ 
pute, made him Judge ; becaufe, when he killed a She- 
Serpent, he had been turned into Woman, and, after 
feven Years, when he killed a He-Serpent, he was a- 
gain turned into a Man, he pronounced for Jupiter ; 
wherefore Juno deprived him of his Sight. 

There is another illuftrious Inftance of the Chaflity 
of Minerva 3 d when Neptune had -enjoyed the beauti¬ 
ful Medufa (whofe Hair was Gold) in her Temple, 
fhe changed into Snakes that Hair which had tempted 
him 5 .and caufed that thofe, that looked upon her 
thereafter, fhould be turned into Stones. 

Her Name Pritonia was taken from the Lake 0 Triton* 
where fhe was educated ; as we alfo may learn from 
f Lucan, who mentions the Love which Pallas bears to 


3 Homer in Hymn, ad Venerem. b Homer. I. io« 

OdyfT. c Lib. Metam. d Nat^Com. L 7. c. 1 8? 
c Paufan. in Bocot. 1. 9. 
f Heme & Pallas am at, pairio quod <vertice nata 
b err arum primam Lybien (nam proximo, ccclo 

H 3 this 



102 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


this Lake; or from or Tfthtv, [Triton] a Word 

which in the old Boeotian and yEolick Language, figni- 
fies a Head, becaufe fee was born from Jupiter's Head. 
Yet before rye leaye the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
of it in Honour of Minerva: a A great Concourfe of 
People out of all neighbouring Towns affembled to fee 
the following Performance: All the Virgins came in 
feveral Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
a Sign being given, they affaulted each other; file, 
who was firft killed,'was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
therefore her Body was difgraceffely thrown into the 
Lake; but fee who receiyed the mod and the deep- 
eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carrried Home 
In Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
mations and Praifes of the whole Company. 

■ ’Zcyciru, b [Ergaiis] Operaria Workwoman , was her 

Name among the Samians, her Worfeippers ; becaufe 
fee invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spi 
ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus [1 the Dif- 
taff is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called e Miner- 
fa, from her Name, becaufe fee vyas the Inventrefs of 

' - a l 71 /T' /*_ ool 1 oil Vim-o 


in 


it. 


Minerva 



Ut frobat ipfe color) tetigit, Jlagr.ique quiet a 
Vultus vidit aqua, pofdtque in niargine plant as. 

Ft fe dcledid, Tritonida dixit, ab undo. 

This Pallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 

Who firft on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove ^ 

This Land next Heav’n) fee, ftanding by the oicie. 
Her Face within the quiet Water fpy’d, 

And crave herfelf from the lov’d Pool a Name. 

» Tritonia —— Herodot. in Melp. 

b Ex Hefych. Ifidor. 1 . io. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 

Virgil. 7. dineid. Theocrit. Eclog. 34. 

" 1 * Non ilia colo calatbifque Minerva; ■ 

Feemineas afflict a mantis. Ovid. M ; 

To Palias' Arts her Hands were never train d. 
c Cut tolerare colo vitavi tenuique Minerva. . Vxrg. /iin» 

By th 5 Spinfters’ Trade fhe gets her Livelihood. 


c_iL 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 103 

in Spinning; yet Aracbne, a young Lady of Lydia , very 
:&ilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho’ it 
proved her Ruin ; for the Goddefs tore her Work, and 
■hruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel, This 
Di(grace drove her into Defpair, fo that fhe hanged her- 
felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
aaain to .Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
tinues Fill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
.fne, efpecially of Caftles, was Minerva's Invention ; and 
therefore fhe was believed to prefide over them. 

She is called Muftca ; becaufe, fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair, 
er.compafled the Gorgon's Head, did ring, and refound, 
if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
becaufe fhe invented the Pipe-, upon .which, when fhe 
played by the River-fide, and faw in. the Water how 
.much her Face was fwelled and deformed by blowing 
it, file was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
faying, d The. Sweetnefs of the Mufick is too dear , if pur- 
chafed with fo much Lofs . 


a- Frontem percj'Jfit Arachnes „• 

Non tulit infislix, laquecque ci7ii7?iofa ligavit 
. Gut t ura, pen dent c??i Pallas ?niferata lev aw zt . 

.. Atque , it a, Fi'ue quideni , pe7ide ta?nc7i , improba , dixit . 

Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote; 

Whofegreat Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 

A Rope fhe ties ; remorfeful Pallas fluid 

.Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch ; .Yet hang, fhe faicb 

Ovid. Nlctam . 6. 

b- ]?£ antiques cxercet Arcinca tel as. 

And. now a Spider turn’d, fhe hill fpins on. Ad. it* 
c Difta eh Mufica, quod dracones in ejusGorgone ad ic¬ 
tus citharse tinnitu refonabant. Plm .Nat. Hifi*. I. 34. c. 8. 

d - Iprocul bine , ?:on cji mihi tibia ta7iti , 

XIt njidit ‘vidtus Pallas..hi anme fitos . 

Away, thou art not fo much worth, fhe cry’cl. 

Dear Pipe, when fhe .her Face i’ th’ Streams efpy’cL 

H 4 .Glau- 


102 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

this Lake; or from Tgflv, or rfflw, [ Triton ] a Word 
which in the old Boeotian and /Eolick Language, figni. 
fies a Head, becaufe (he was born from Jupiter's Head. 
Yet, before vve leave the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
of it in Honour of Minerva: a A great Concourfe of 
People out of all neighbouring Towns afTembled to fee 
the following Performance: All the Virgins came in 
several Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
a Sign being given, they affaulted each other; fte, 
who was firft killed, was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
therefore her Body was difgracefqily thrown into the 
Lake; but fhe who received the moft and the deep- 
eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carrried Home 
In Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
mations and Praifes of the whole Company. 

’EeycZ tkj b [Ergaiis'] Ope) aria Workwoman , was her 
Name among the Satnians , her Worfhippers ; becaufe 
fhe invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spin¬ 
ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus (1 the Lif¬ 
toff is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called e Mincr- 
va> from her Name, becaufe fhe was the Inventrefs of 
It. But, although Minerva fo much excelled all others 


Ut probat ipfe calorj t digit , flagnique quiet a 
Vultus njzdi t aqua , pojidtque i?z margins plant as , 
j Et fe deleftd, Tritonida dixit, ab imdd . 

This Fallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 

Who firft on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove 
This Land next Heav’n) fhe, {landing by the Side* 
Her Face within the quiet Water fpy’d, 

And gave herfelf from the lov’d Pool a Name. 
a Tritonia — ; — Herodot. in Melp. 

b Ex Hefych. Ifidor. 1 . io. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 

Virgil. 7. ^Eneid. Theocrit. Eclog. 34.. , 

d Non ilia colo calathifque Miner vee ■ 

Fcemineas afflict a man us. Ovid. Metam. 

To Fallas 7 Arts her Hands were never train’d. 

9 1 ^ 

e Cui tolerare colo wit eon tenuique Minerva. Virg. JEti* 8. 
By th* Spinfters’ Trade fhe gets her Livelihood. 


Of the Gods of .the Heathens, 


2 °3 

; n Spinning; yet Arachne , a young Lady of Lydia , very 
jjkilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho ? it 
proved her Ruin ; for the Goddefs tore her Work, and 
.ftruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel. This 
Pifgrace drove her into Defpair, fo that file hanged her- 
felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
again to .Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
tinues ftill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
.ine, efpecially ofCaftles, was Minerva's Invention ; and 
therefore fhe was believed to prefide over them. 

She is called Mnfica ; becaufe, fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair, 
encompafled the Gorgon's Head, did ring, and refound, 
if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
becaufe fhe invented the Pipe:, upon which, when fhe 
played by the River-fide, and fawin. the Water how 
.much her Face was {welled and deformed by blowing 
it, file was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
.faying, d The .Sweetnefs of the Mufick is too dear, if pur- 
chafed with fo much Lofs. 

---— . ...... . . . > M I - ■ - ■■■ 

a -- Fronte??i pei'cj/jfit Aracbnes : 

Non tulit inf Mix , laqueoque cinimofa ligavit 
Guttura , pendentem Pallas miferata leva^it . 

.At que, it a, Pme quidem , pends tamcn > improba? dixit . 
Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote ; 

Whole great Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 
A Rope fhe ties ; remorfeful Pallas ftaid 
- Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch ; Yet hang, fhe faido 

O.'vid. Met am. 6 . 

b - Et antiques exercet Aranca tel as. 

And. now a Spider turn’d, fhe hill fpins on. ,Id. it, 
c Di£la eft Mufica, quod dracones in ejusGorgone ad ic¬ 
tus citharas tinnitu refonabant. Plin Mat. HifiA. 34. c. S. 

d - Iprocid bine, non eft mibi tibia tanti , 

JJt njidit niultus Pa Has..in a nm e fuos. 

Away, thou art not fo much worth, fhe cry’d. 

Dear Pipe., when fhe her Face i 5 th’ Streams efpy’d. 

H 4 . Glau- 


104 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

a Glaucopi's was another of her Names; becaufeh^r 
Eyes, like the Eyes of an Owl, were grey or fk}‘-co¬ 
loured, that is, of a green Colour mixed with white, 
Others think that fhe was not called fo from the Co¬ 
lour of her Eyes, but from the Terror and Formidable- 
nefs of her Mien ; for which Reafons Lions and Dra¬ 
gons are alfo called Glaucii and Cafii. 

She was alfo called Pylotis , frpm a b Greek Word, 
Signifying a Gate : For, as the Image of Mars was fefc 
tip in the Suburbs, fo her Effigies or Pidlure was placed 
on the City-Gates, or Doors of Houfes ; whereby they 
fignified, that we ought to ufe our Weapons Abroad, 
to keep the Enemy from entering our Towns : but in 
the Town we muft ufe the Affiftance of Minerva , not 
of Mars; that is, the State ought to be governed at 
Home by Prudence, Counfel, and Law, - 

- ■III MlWI l T*^r—^ ..... i ■■ ■■m ■ mr M ill « i ■ i i n 

4 * 4 » 

• • • * # # 

a Thccvxx 7r*?>habens oculos glaucos Sc csefios, quales habet 
y?&v£ 9 no£tua; Paufan. in Attic. An to nrr,<j c vvto;, a porta, 
Phurnut. ^Efchyl. in Eumenid. ‘ 


SECT. IV, ' The Signification of the Fable . 
.Pallas the Symbol of Wifdom and Chaflity. 


B Y this Story of Minerva ? the Poets intended to 

reprefent Wifdom ; that is, true and fkilful ICnow- 
Iec] e, joined with difereet and prudent Manners. They 

• / ' * • • • , * * 4 

hereby fignified alfo the Underftanding of the nobleft 
Arts, and the Accompli (laments of the Mind ; the Vir¬ 
tues, and efpecially Chaflity. Nor, indeed, without 
Reafon ; for, 

I. Minerva is faid to be born put of Jupiter's 
Brain;' becaufe the Wit and Ingenuity of Man did 
not invent the ufeful Sciences, which for the Good of 


X ^ 


c Cic. i. Ofnc. 

« . * 




Of the Gods of the Heathens - 105 

Man were derived from the Brain of Jupiter ; that is, 
from the inexhaufted Fountain of the Divine Wifdom, 
from whence not only the Arts and Sciences, but the 
Bleffings of Wifdom and Virtue aifo proceed. 

2. Pallas was born armed ; a becaufe a wife Man’s 
Soul, being fortified with Wifdom and Virtue, is in¬ 
vincible : He’s prepared and armed againft Fortune; 
in Dangers he’s intrepid, in CrofTes unbroken, in Ca¬ 
lamities impregnable. Thus b though the Image of Jupi¬ 
ter fweats in fold JV'eather 5 yet as Jupiter bimfetf is dry 
and unconcerned with it, fo a wife Maris Mind is har¬ 
dened againjf all the AJJaults that Fortune can make upon his 
Body . 

3. Minerva is a Virgin , c as all the Mufes are, and 
accordingly the Sight of GOD is promifed to pure and 
undefiled Eyes; for, even the Heathens thought that 
chafteEyes could fee GOD ; and Wifdom and Mo- 
defty has often appeared in the Vifions of holy Men, in 
the Form and Habit of Virgins. 

4. Minerva has a fevere Look, and a flern Counte¬ 
nance 5 becaufe a wife and mod eft Mind gains not its 
Reputation and Efteem from outward Beauty and Fi¬ 
nery, but from inward Honour and Virtue ; for Wif¬ 
dom joined with Modefiy, though cloathed with Rags, 
yet fends forth a glorious fhining Luftre ; {he has as 
much Beauty in tattered Garments, as when (he is 
cloathed with Purple, and as much Majefty when file 
fits on a Dunghill, as when fhe is placed on a Throne ; 
{he is as beautiful and charming when joined to the In¬ 
firmities and Decays of Old-age, as when {he is united 
to the Vigour and Comelinefs of Youth. 


a Cicero in Paradoxis. b Quemadmodum enmm non 
colliquefcit Jupiter dam fimulacrum ejus liquefit; fic fapi- 
entis animus ad quoflibet adverfse fortune cafus obdurefcit. 
Seneca. c Greg, NyfT. de Virg. initio capitum 4 & 5 Serv. 

in iEneido " * ..... 

5* She 



i o6 Of the Gods of the Heathens 

5. She invented and exercifed the Art of Spinning - : 
From hence other Virgins, if they would preferve their 
Chaftity, may learn never to indulge Idlenefs, but to 
employ themfelves continually in fome Sort of Work: 
After the Example of a Lucretia , a noble Roman Prin- 
cefs, who was fo.und late at Night fpinningamongft her 

.Maids, working, and fitting in the Middle of the 
Room, when the young Gentlemen came thither from 
the King. 

6. As the Sp'radle and the Dijlaff were the Invention 
of Minerva , fo they are the Arms of every virtuous 
Woman : When fhe is furnifhed with thefe, fhe will 
defpife the Enemy of her Honour, and drive away Cupid 
from her with the greateft Eafe; b for which Realbn 
thofe Instruments were formerly carried before the 
Bride when fhe was brought to her Hufband’s Houfe; 
and fome where it is a Cuftom, at the Funeral of Wo¬ 
men, to throw the Diftaff and Spindle into the Grave 
with them. 

7. As foon at Tirefias had feen Minerva naked, he 
loft his Sight : Was it for a Punifhment, or for a Re¬ 
ward : Surely he never faw Things fo acutely before; 
for then he became a Prophet, and knew future Things 
Jong before they were added. Which is an excellent 
Precept to us. That he who had once beheld the 
Beauty of true Wifdom^clearly, nay, without repin¬ 
ing, lofe his bodily Sight, and want the View of cor¬ 
poral Things, fince he beholds the Things that are to 
.come, and enjoys the Contemplation of eternal heavenly 
Things, which are not vifible to the Eye. 

8. Art Oivl) a Bird feeing in the Dark, was facred 
to Minerva , and painted upon her Images, which is the 
Reprefentation of a wife Man, who, fcattering ami 
difpelling the Clouds of Ignorance and Error, is clear- 
fighted, where others are ftark blind. 

* 

h Bell of. lib. ult, c. 13, 

g. What 


a Livy, 1 . 1. 














































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. ioy 

g. What can the Palladium, mean, an Image which 
gave Security tothofe Cities in which it was placed, un« 
lefsthat thofe Kingdoms flourifhand profper where JVif- 
presides ? It is fuppofed to have fallen down from 
Heaven, that we may underfiand (what we find confirm¬ 
ed by the Scriptue; a That every good and perfect Gift 
comes from above , and, defendsfrom the Father of Lights* 

To this I add the Inscription which was heretofore to 
be feen in the Temple of Minerva , written in golden 
Letters, amongft the Egyptians j b / am what is 7 what 
fall be* what hath been ; my Veil hath been unveiled by 
none: The Fruit which I have broughtforth is this , the Sun 
is born . Which are Words, as i think, full of Myfte - 
ries, and contain a great deal of Senfe: Let every one 
interpret them according to his Mind. 

a Epifl. Jac. i. 17. b Ego fum qua? funt, quae erunt, 
quse fufer’unt: Velum meum revelavit nemo. Quern ego 
fru&um peperi, Sol ell natus. Vide Lil. Gyrald. Synt. 12. 

♦ 0 

■ 1 r — —m ■ - ■ ■ ■ 

r • 

CHAP. XII. 

SECT. I. Venus, her Image . 

M, URN your Eyes now to a fweet Objedl, and 
JL view that Goddefs^ in whofe Countenance all 
Graces fit and play, and difcover all their Charms. 
You fee a Pleafantnefs, a Mirth, a Joy in every Part 
of her Face: You fee a thoufand pretty Beauties and 
Delights fporting wantonly in her fiiowy Bofom. Ob- 
ferve with what a becoming Pride file holds up her 
Head and views herfelf, where fhe finds nothing but 
Joys and foft Delights. She is cloathed with a c purple 

c Philoflrat. 1 . 2. Imag. Ovid. Metam. 15. Apul. I. 6. 
Horat. Od. 3. Cvid 0 Metam. 10. Sappho Feet. 

* Mantle, 


2 -o 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens - 

Mantle, glittering with Diamonds. By her Side fhnd 
•two Cupids , and round her are the three Graces, ami 
after follows the lovely beautiful Adonis , who holds up 
the Goddefs’s Train. The Chariot, in which fhe rides, 
is made of Ivory, finely carved, and beautifully painted 
and gilt, and is drawn by Swans and Doves, or Swal¬ 
lows, as Venus diredts, when She pleafesto ride in it. 

P. Is that Venus , the Goddefs of Love , the Patronefs 
of Strumpets, the vile Promoter of Impudence and Luft, 
infamous for fo many Whoredoms, Rapes, and Incefls? 

Ad. Yes, that is Ve?ius , whom, in more honourable 
Terms, Men ftile the Goddefs of the Graces , the Au¬ 
thor of Elegance, Beauty, Neatnefs, Delight, and 
Chearfuinefs: But in Reality Hie is, as you fay, an 
impudent Strumpet, and the Miftrefs and Prefident of 
Obfcenity. 

P. Why then is fhe fo beautifully painted ? Why is 
her Drefs fo glorious ? Why is not her Chariot rather 
drawn by Swine, and Dogs, and Goats, than Swans 
and Doves, the pureft and chafleft of Birds ? Infernal 
and black Spirits are Attendants more fuitable to her 
than the Graces. 

Ad. What do you fay ? Blind foolrlh Men ufed for¬ 
merly to eredb Altars, and deify their Vices ; they hal¬ 
lowed the greateft Impieties with Frankincenfe, and 
thought to afeend into Heaven by the Steps of their 
Iniquities : But let us not inveigh againftthe Manners 
of Men, but rather proceed in our Sory of Ve?ius . 

You will in other Places fee her painted, fometimes 
like a young Virgin rifing from the Sea, and riding in 
a Shell; again, like a Woman holding the Shell in her 
Hand, her Head being crowned with Rofes. a Sometimes 
her Pidfurehas a Silver Looking-glafs in its Hand, and 
on its Feet are golden Sandals and Buckles. In the 


a Philoltrat. in Imagin* Paufan. in Corinth. 

Pictures 


Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 109 

Figures of the Sicyonlans , fhe holds Poppy in one Handy 
and an Apple in the other. They confecrated to her the 
Thighs of all Sacrifices except Swine ; for Venus ^ altho’ 
fhe herfelf be filthy and unclean, abominates Swine for 
their Uncleannefs ; or rather, becaufe a Boar killed A- 
donis her Gallant. a At Elis flie was painted treading 
on a Tortoife, {hewing, thereby, that Virgins ought 
not to ramble abroad and that married Women ought 
to keep Silence, and love their own Home, and govern 
their Family. She wore a Girdle or Belt, called Cef- 
ius (from which fome derive Inceflus , Inc eft) in which all 
Kinds of Pleafures, Delights, and Gratifications were 
folded up. b Some gave her Arrows, and make Python 
or Suada , the Goddefs of Eloquence , her Companion. 

3 Pint, in prase, connub. & lib. de Ifid. & Oiir. b Horn*. 
Iliad. |. Eurip. in Medea. Ex Phurn. 


SECT. II. 


The Defcent of Venus. 


W E learn from feveral Authors, c that there were 

four Venus's born of different Parents ; but this 
Venus t of whom we fpeak, was the eminenteft of them, 
and had the Beauties as well as the Blemifhes of the other 
commonly aferibed to her. d She fprang from the Froth 
of the Sea, which Froth was made, when they cut off the 
Secrets of Ccelus or his Son Saturn , and threw them in¬ 
to the Sea. c Hence fhe was by the Greeks called Aphro¬ 
dites though others think fhe was fo named from the 
Madnefs with which Lovers abound. f As foon as fhe 
was born, fhe was laid, like a Pearl, in a Shell inffead 
ofa Cradle, and was driven by Zephyr ns upon the Ifland 
Cyprus , where the Hours \_[iorcc\ received her, and 
took her into their Bofoms, educated, accomplifhed, and 


c Cic. de Nat. Deor. d Hefiod. in Tbccgon. c Ex*App l; 
fpuma; vcl, ut alii dicunt. 9 Atto dcppctlvuv, infanire. Ex 
Euripid. & Phurnut. f Homer* in Hymn, ad Venerem. 

adorned 


f i o Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

adorned her, and, when {he came to Age, carried her 
into Heaven, and prefented her to the Gods, who, 
being taken with her Beauty, all defired to marry her; 
but at laft fhe was betrothed to Vulcan> and afterwards 
married to him* 


SECT. III. Names of Venus; 


S HE is called Venus, fays Tully ; a becaufe all Things 
are fubje£t to the Laws of Love, or are produced 
and begotten by Love : Or elfe, as b others fay, her 
Name is given her, becaufe fhe is eminently beautiful; 
for fhe is the Goddefs of Beauty : Or, laftly, fhe is fo 
called, becaufe fhe c was a Stranger or Foreigner to the 
Romans : For, fire was firft worfhipped by the Egyptians i 
and from the Egyptians fhe was tranflated to the Greeks , 
and from thence to the Romans. Let us now proceed 
to her other Names. 

A?nica , 'Eraipa, [Netazra] was a Name given her by 
the Athenians ; fl becaufe file joins Lovers together : And 
this Greek Word is ufed both in a good and bad Signifi¬ 
cation, fignifying both a Sweetheart and a Strumpet, 
Armata ; becaufe c when the Spartan Women Talli¬ 
ed out of their Towns, befieged by the Meffenians^ and 
beat them, their Hufbands, who were ignorant of it, 
went out to fight, and met their Wives returning from 
the Purfuit: The Men, believing them Enemies, made 
themfelves ready to fight; but the Women fhewed, 
both by Words and by Deeds, that they were their 


a A venicndo, quod ad omnes res veniat, vel quod per 
earn omnia proveniant ac progignantur. b Venus quafive- 
nufta, Paufan. in Attic. c Venus a veniendo, quafi adven¬ 
titia, fic Grascorum Doftrina adventitia & tranfmarina voca- 
batur. Cic. Ofhc. I. i. (l ’Era* pa,, id eft.', focia, quod amicos 
5 c arnicas jungeret. Feilus ex Apol. & Hefych. 
e Paufan. in Lucan. & in Attic. 

3 


W ivesj 


II2- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

Wives, (Modefty forbids a plainer Explanation ■) and 
for this Reafon a Temple was dedicated to Venus Armata * 

The Sidoniam called her a Aft arte ^ or Dea Syria (which 
Goddefs, others think, was the Moon) and worshipped 
her in the Figure of a Star . 

Apaiuria , that is, b the Deceiver % for neither is any 
Thing more deceitful than a Lover, nor any Thing 
more fraudulent than Love, which flatters our Eyes> 
and pleafes us, like Rofes in their fineft Colours, but 
leaves a Thorn in the Heart y it torments the Mind, 
and wounds the Confcience. 

She was called by the Rotnans c Barb at ay becaufe^. 
when the Roman Women were fo troubled with a vio- 

4 

lent Itching that all their Hair fell off, they prayed to 
Venus , and their Hair grew again: Whereupon they 
made an Image of Venus with a Comb, and gave it a 
Beard, that fhe might have the Signs of both Sexes, 
and be thought to prefide over the Generation of both. 
That this might be exprefled more plainly, the upper- 
moft Part of the Image reprefented a Man, and the 
lower Part of it a Woman. 

Cypris , Cypria , and Cyprogenia , becaufe fhe was wor¬ 
shipped in the Ifland of Cyprus . Cytheris and Cytherea 
from the Ifland of d Cythera , whither fhe was firfl: car¬ 
ried in a Sea-fhell. 

There was a Temple at Rome dedicated to Venus 
Calva y G becaufe when the Gauls pofleffed that City, 
Ropes for the Engines were made with the Women’s 
Mai r. 

Clna cm a , from f Cluo , an old'Word, tofighty becaufe 
f herlmage was fet up in the Place, in which the Peace 
was concluded betwixt the Romans and Sabines. 

Erycina , from the Mountain £ Eryx in the Ifland of 

f 

* 

H 

a Epiph, contra Hreref. Eufeb. i . de Praep. Evang. b Ab 
i 'AwccTciv fa’Io. Lucian, de Dea Syr. Strabo. L n. c Serv. 
f. Macrob. Suidas & alii. d Feftus. c La£iant..lib. i. Divin. 
f. Inditut. f Vegetius de Re militari. £ Plin. L 15. Polyb. 

i ; f 1. Serv. i. A£n. 

»■ 

1: 

I* 


Sicily 1 



II2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Sicily, upon which /Eneas built a fplendid and famous 
Temple to her Honour, becaufe (he was his Mother, 
a Horace makes mention of her under this Name. 

b She is properly called Ridens , and Ho 7 ner calls her c a 
Lover of Laughing ; for, fhe is faid d to be born laughings 
and from thence called the Goddefs of Mirth . 

Hortenjis ; becaufe file looks after the Produ&ion of 
Seeds and Plants in Gardens. And Fejlus tells us, that 
the Word Venus is by Neevius put for Herbs , as Ceres is 
for Bread , and Ncptunits for Fijh. 

e Idalia and Acidalia , from the Mountain Idatns , in 
the Ifland Cyprus , and the Fountain Acidalius in Bceo - 
//#. - 

Marina ; becaufe fhe was born of the (as we 
faid) and begotten of the Froth of the Waters; which 
f Aufonius hath elegantly mentioned in his Poem. 

From thence file is called s Apbroditis2in& Auadyomene , 
that is, emerging out of the Waters, as Apelles painted 
her 5 and Pontia , from Pont us. Hence came the Cuf- 
tom, that thofe who had efcaped any Danger by Wa¬ 
ter, ufed to facrifice to Venus . Hence alfo the Mariners 
obferved thofe Solemnities called Aphrodijia , which Plu¬ 
tarch deferibes in aTreatife again Qc Epicurus. 

Melanis , or Mclanis , h that is, dark and concealed: 

Of which Nature are all Nodturnal Amours, both law- 

• • • • 

a Si-ve tit mavis, Erycina ritfens, 

Qgtam jocus circumvolal iff Cap Ido, 

Jt you, blithe Goddefs, will our Side defend. 

Whom Mirth and brifk Defire do fill attend. Her. 1 . i , 0 d, 

b Suida*? Phurnut. i. e. amans rifus, Horn.* 

Iliad. 20. 

d Hefiod. e Virg. \. JEn. & Scrv. Horatius fape.- 

f Orta Jalo , fitfeepta Join , patre edit a Ccelo . 

Heaven gave her Life, the Sea a Cradle gave,- 
And Earth’s wide Regions her with Joy receive. 

3 Plin. 35. e. io. Alex. ab. Alex. 2. Clitipho Sc Leucippe.* 
b Nigra & tenebrola, a fizKac, i. e. niger, quod omne amo- 
ris opus am at tenebras. Paufan. in Arcad. 

ful 


* 

Of the Gods of th 


it? 


€ 

fol and unlawful. , For a Works of Love do all of them 
Jed the Dark . ^Vhence the Egyptians vuor/hipped a Ve¬ 
nus, called b Scotia, a Goddefs to be admired in the Nig ht^ 
that is, in Marriage. 

Meretrix ; ‘ c becaufe fhe taught the Women, in Cy¬ 
prus , to proftitute themfelves for Money. 

d Mi gonitis fignifies her Power in the Management 
of Love. Therefore Paris, after he had mixed Em¬ 
braces with Helena, dedicated the firft Temple to c Ve¬ 
nus Ml gonitis ; and f Virgil ufes a like Exprefiion fpeak- 
ing of the Affairs of Love. 

She is called Murcia in Livy and Pliny, quafi Myrtea 5 
becaufe the Myrtle was facred to Ve?ius - 9 and her Tem¬ 
ple, upon the Aventine Mountain at Rome, was ancient-* 
iy called Marcus. 

Papbia, from the City Paphos in the Xfland of Cy¬ 
prus, where they facrificed Flowers and Fran kin cenfe 
to her. And this is mentioned by s Virgil . This. 


3 Find. Od. 9. Pyrrh-. ex Hefyc. b E; cotbU nod vvdh $cty* 
V-'No> Dea admirandaa no&u & tenebris. Eurip. in Hippo!. 

c heel. &-Serv. d a fiyw/sA, u e. mifeeo, Paufan* in Lacon. 
c Veneri Migonitidi. 

f - quern Rheafacer do 5. 

Furti<vo partu, fub luminis edidit auras 9 

Mixta Deo Mu Her. w^neid. ft 

- Him Prieflefs Rhea bore 

Into the lightfome World; fo flol’n by Joy-, i 

Mixt with a Deity, fhe brought a Boy. 

3 ipfa Paphumfibhmis adit, fedefque re<uift 
Lyta fuas, ubi templum HUcent unique Sab iso 

rfi U Vd a ^ ent ar ^-> frtifque recentibus halant. 
ftus Part perform'd, the Goddefs flies fublime. 

To vifit Paphos and her native Clime, 

Where Garlands, ever green and ever fair. 

With Vows are offer’d, and with folemn Pray’r : 

An hundred Altars in her Temple fmoke, 

A Thoufand bleeding Hearts her PovvT invoke. JEn. 1. 

I Image 


i. r4 Of the Gods- of the Heathens. 

' # 

* " 

Image had not a human Shape; but as a "Tacitus fays 5 
It was from the Top to the Bottom of an orbicular Figure 
a little broad beneath-, the Circumference, wasf?nall an( j : 
jharpening toward the Top like a Sugar-loaf. The Reafin. 
unknown . b Lucan obferves, that it was ufual to wor- 
fhip other Gods in confufed fhapelefs Figures. 

For certain the Goddefs Peffiinimtia (of whom we 
fhall fay more when we fpeak of Cybcle) was nothing 
but a fhapelefs Stone, which, fell down from Heaven, 
as we find by Herodian . So c Tertullian fays, Even 
Pallas 7 . the Athenian Goddefs , arrd Ceres, the Goddefs of 
Corn, both of them without any certain Effigies to them, but 
meer rugged Stakes, and fhapelefs Pieces of IVood, are Things 
that are bought andfold . And Arnobius adds, d The Ara¬ 
bians worjhippecl a Stone without Form, or Shape of a 

Deity . 

• Her Name 6 Veriicordia fignifies the Power of Love,, 
to change Hearts, and eafe the Minds of Men from all 
Cares that perplex.them. f Ovid, mentions this Power 
of hers. And for the fame Reafon Venus is called in, 
the Greek s Epijlrophia * 


a Erat continuus orbis, latiore initio* tenuem in ambitum, 
snetae modo exurgens ; & ratio in obfcuro.. Lib. 3°. 

- ^ finula era que mczjla Deorum 

Arte carent , caecffque extant in for mi a trunezs a . 

All artlefs, plain, miihapen Trunks they are. 

Their Mofs and Mouldinefs procures a Fear, 
c Et Pallas Attica Sc Ceres Farrea fine effigie rudi paloy & 
Ihformi ligno proftant. TertuL.in ApoL. d> Arabes infor- 
xnem coluerunt lapidem. Arnob.. contra Gentes Lib,.6« 
e Quail corda vertens. 

i Templa jubet fieri Venerz,. q.uibhs ordine faftis, 

Inde Venus?*verfo nomina- corde tenet*. Fafh-s 

Temples are rais’d to Venus , whence the Name, 

From changing Minds, of Verticordia came. 

qybd vertat homines^ Paufan. Attic. 




SEC X. IV. Actions of Ve nus, 

wT 7HAT Deeds can you expe£I from an Impudent 
and powerful Strumpet, but thofe which are full 
of Lewdnefs, and Mifchief, and Plagues? It were end- 
lefs only to repeat the Names of all thofe, whom fhe 
has armed to the Ruin of one another; whom jfhe has 
turned into Beafts, by inciting them to commit fuch 
monftrous Wickednefs, as Modefly will not let me 
mention. 

For, who, without blufhing, can hear the Story of 
Niftimene? who, infpired by impure Luft, and raging 
with curfed Flames, a is faid to have committed Incefi 
with her own Father; for which abominable Wicked- 
nefs fhe was changed into an Owl, an ugly difmal Bird 
of the Night, who, b confcious of her Guilt* never ap¬ 
pears in the Day-time, but feeks to conceal her Shame* 
and cover it by Darknefs, being driven from the So¬ 
ciety of all Birds. 

Who does not abhor the fame Fa£t of Myrrha , which 
was contrived and committed by the Encouragement arid 
the Affiftance of Venui ? She committed Inceft with her 
own Father by the AfHftance of Cy?iaras , her old Nurfe ; 
(may fuch Practices of old Women receive their juft 
Reward) but her Sin proved her Ruin ; c for, file was 



Patriwn temerajfe cubile . 

To have defil’d her Father’s Bed. 


Ovid. z. Met. 


b Confcia cidp# 

Coij'peRum, lucemque fugit ; t e71e.br ifquepudorem 
■\ Cclat , & a cwjftis expellitur aere ioto . 

Still confcious of her Shame avoids the Light; 

And drives to fhroud her guilty Head in Night, 

? Expell’d the winged Choir. 

?; c Qs# quanquam amijit <vetcres cu?h cor pore fenfus s 
| & tepid# i?ia7iant ex arbore gutt#, 

| *1 ho’ Senfe with Shape (he loft, dill weeping (he 
l Sheds bitter Tears, which trickle from her Tree* 



Ovid, Met, xo, 

turned 


1x6 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

fumed into a Tree., which always, as it were, bewails 
its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears. j 
Why fhould 1 mention the Propcetides , the Chiefs of j 
Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? \ 
They were the firft Proftitutes $ and a were afterwards 1 
turned into Stones* \ 

Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion*, a Statuary! \ 
who, confidering the great Inconvenrencies of Marri- ! 
age* had refolved to live fingle $ but, afterwards making . s 
a molt elegant and artificial Image of Venus , he fell fo I 
much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he \ 
begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- j 
/liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be- S 
got of this Image Paphos y from whom the b Ifland Pa¬ 
phos. had its Name 

• And. here it will not be abfnrd briefly to relate the 
Stories- of Pyramus and Thijbe y Atalanta and' Htppomew^ 
Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate 
Lovers. 

Pyramus and Thi/be were both Inhabitants of the City 
of Babylo?i ; equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For¬ 
tune.. They began to love each other from their Cradles, 
Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Lovearofe 
from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu¬ 
tual Play, and was perfected by their lingular Beauty. 
This Love increafed with their Years, and when they 
were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confent; 
which was refuted-, becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- 

a —pro quo fua Numinrs ird 
Corpora , cum forma , primum njulgaffk feruntur ; 

Utque puddr cefit, Sanguifque indwruit oris. 

In rigidwn parvo flicevi difcrbnine ever/#. 

The firft that ever gave themfelves, for Hire, 

To ProfHtution, urg’d by Venus ’ Ire j 
The Looks imbolden’d, Modefly now gone. 

Convert at length to little differing Stone, 
b -- q U0 tenet hj'ula nomen. 

From whom the Ifland does its Name receive. 


Id. ihtl 
Id. Ilid. 


- 4 * 

Ofthe Gods of the Heathe 7 is. i iy 

" ft 

tvveen the two Families. And, that the Children might 
not attempt any thing againft their Parents Will, they 
were no-t permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
ther. What could Pyramus do ? Or how could Thijbe 
hear this?. There was a Partition-Wall between both 
Houfes, in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
difcovered by any of the Servants. This Crevice a the 
Lovers found, and met here. . Their Words and their 
Sighs went through, butKifles could not pafs^ which, 
when they parted,* they b printed on each Side.of- the 
Wail* But what a fatal Rapture in their .Hearts did 
this fmall Preach in the Wallproduce? for their Love 
was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
The next Night therefore they refol ved to enjoy that Li¬ 
berty abroad, which they could not receive at home, by 
rfcaping into a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
which flood .dole .to a Fountain. 'When Night came 
on, Th'ijbe deceives her Sleepers, and efcapes firfr, and 
flies into the Wood •, for Love gave her vV ings. When 
fee came to the appointed Place, e aLionefs came frefh 


a Quid non fen? it aw or if 

*-111 am pritni ‘vidijlis, am antes, 

Kt ajocis fecijlis iter • tuteeque per illud 
Mur mure blanditiat minisno tranjirc foie bant * 

This for fo many Ages undefcry ? d, 

(Whatcannot Love find out?) the Lovers fpy ? d. 

By which their whifp’ring Voices fbftly trade. 

And Paftion’sain’rous Ambafiies convey’d.. Ovid. Met. 

-- b partique dedere . 

Qfcula quifque fun non per-venientia contra, 

—-Their Kiiles greet ' 

The fenfelefs Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 
c ~———* njenit ecce recenti - • * 

4 

Cmde Lessna bourn.fpuniantes obliia rift us, , 

Dcpo/itura ftim <uicini font is in tin da, 

When lo a Lionefs, with Blood-helmear'd;,. . 
Approaching to .the well-known Spring appear'd. 

1 3 


from 


ix6 Of the Gads of the Heathens« 1 

turned into a Tree, which always, as it were, bewaiis | 
its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears. | 

Why fhould I mention the Prop at ides , the Chiefs of I 
Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? 1 
They were the firft Proftitutes; and * were afterwards I 

turned into Stones. . 1 

Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion , a Statuary! 1 
who, confidering the great Inconveniencies ofMarri- I 
age* had refblved to live Angle ; but, afterwards making | 
a moft: elegant and artificial Image of Vmus^ he fell fo 1 
much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he f 
begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- | 
/liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be- ] 
got of this Image Paphos , from whom the b Ifland iV \ 

phos- had its Name I 

And. here it will not be abfurd briefly to relate the 
Stories-of Pyrajnus and Thijbe , Atalanta and' Hippomcm^ : 
Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate ; 

Lovers. \ 

Py 'rainns and Thijbe were both Inhabitants of the City j 
of Babylo?i 5 equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For- j 

tune. They began to love each other from their Cradles, j 

Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Lovearofe l 
from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu- \ 
tual Play, and was perfected by their Angular Beauty, | 
This Love increafed with their Years, and when they j 
were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confent; , 
which was refufed , becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- ; 


pro quo fua Numinrs ird 
Corpora, cum forma , prwium ^vulgajfe feruntur ; 
Utque pud dr cejjit , Sangutfque induruit oris , 

In rigidwn parvo Jilicevi difcrisnine wer/tf. 

The firft that ever gave themfelves, for Hire, 
To Proftitution, urg’d by Penns' Ire -; 

The Looks imbolden'd, Modefty now gone. 
Convert at length to little differing Stone. 

b - a ' e q U0 t € net iij'ula nomen . 

From whom the Ifland does its Name receive. 


i 

> 



* 


Id. ihil 

Id. M 




Ofthe Gods of the Heathens* ixj 

tween the two Families. And, that the Children might 
not attempt any thing againfl their Parents Will, they 
were next permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
ther. What could Pyramus do ?. Or how could Thifbe 
hear this?. There was a Partition-Wall between both 
Houfes, in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
difeovered by any of the Servants. This Crevice a the 
Lovers found, and met here. Their Words and their 
Sighs went through, butKifles could not pafsj which, 
when they parted., they b printed on each Side, of the 
Wall* But what a fatal Rapture in their .Hearts did 
this fmall Breach in the Wall produce ? for their Love 
was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
The next Night therefore they refol ved to enjoy-that Li¬ 
berty abroad, which they could not receive at home, by 
efcapinginto a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
which flood .clofe to a Fountain. When Night came 
oi^ThiJbe deceives her Keepers, and efcapes firff, and 
'flies into the Wood ; for Love gave her Vv ings. When 
file came to the appointed Place, ^ a Lionefs came frefh 

>i i. ■ — mmrnmam ^ ■ y i — ■■ ■ 1i 

a Quid non fentit amor? 

*- lUam prbni <uidijiis, amantes , 

El <vocis fecijtis iter j tut&que per illuci 
Mur mure blanditia? tntn'uno tranjirc folebant ► 

This for fix many Ages undefery’d, 

(Whatcannot Leve find out?) the Lovers fpy’d, 

By which their whifp’ring Voices foStly trade^ 

And Paflion’s ain’rous Ambafiies convey’d.. Quid. Met. ^ 

■ -- b partique dedere . 

Ofcula qtdfque fi*a non per-ue?iicntia co?ztra , 

--Their Rifles greet 

The fenfeleis Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 

c -- ‘venit ecce recentf - - 

Ctcde Letsna bourn, fpuma nles oblita rictus, , . • 

Dcpofitura Jitim <uicini font is in unda . 

When Io a Lionefs, with Blood -beftneaPd;,* . 

.Approaching to .the well-known Spring appear’d. 

1 3 


from 


118 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

" t 

from the Slaughter of fome Cattle* to drink at the 
Fountain, Thifbe was fo frightened that fhe ran into a 
Cave, and in her Flight her Veil fell from her Head; 
the Lionefs, returning from the Fountain, found the 
Veil, and tore it with her Jaws fmear’d with the Cat¬ 
tle’s Blood. Afterwards comes Pyramus^ and fees the 
Print of a wild Beall’s Foot in the Gravel, and by and 
by finds the Veil of ‘Tbifbe bloody and torn. He imme¬ 

diately imagining that fhe was killed and devoured by 
the Beall, prefently grew diflra£ted, and haftened to the j 
appointed Tree ; and when he could not find Thifie, he j 
threw himfelf upon his Sword, and died. c ThiJhe in the ' 
mean Time recovered from her Fright, and came to the ! 
Mulberry-Tree $ where, when fhe came near, Ihe fees I 
a a Man expiring. AtfirlHhewas amazed, and flopped, j 
and went back frighted. But when fhe knew b who it ! 
was, fire ran into the Embraces of her dying Lover, 
mingled her Tears with his Blood, and folding her : 
Arms about him, being almoll diflradied with Grief, : 
fhe lamented the Misfortune that robbed her of her Lo-. • 

- ♦ r , 

yer, c called upon him to anfwer if he could, when hi* i 

9 ^ 

, , , ♦ % P*#*•—•**» 9 * 

a _-— iremehunda <videt pulfare cruentum i 

.Membra folum . ' , 

-- in great Surprife | 

Blood-reeking Earth, and trembling Limbs Ihe fpics, 

^ Sed poftquam remoratafuos cogtio’vit amores . ' 

But when a nearer View confirm’d her Fear, • 
TJhat/twas her Pyramus lay welt’ring there. ' 
c Pyrame , refponde , tua te charijpma Pbijhc 
pj.omlnat ; exaudi, <vultufque attoile jacentes* 

Ad nomen P’hijl es 9 oculos hi morle gra*vatos 
Pyramus erexit 9 *vtfaqtte reccndidit ilia . • 

She kifs’d his Lips, and, vvhen fhe found them cold, 

No longer could from wild Complaints withhold. ■ 
What It range Mifchance, what envious Defliny 
Divorces my dear Pyramus from me ? 

Thy c fhijt>e calls — O, Pyramus , reply! 

pan Pyramus be deaf to ^T'htjbe* s Cry '? v 

, : T. ' Aii V; : * '• T i-v * > • .fbjfit 



r * < 


4 ** 


Of the ‘Gods of ihe Heathens. 


* \ 


y 

\ 

h 

a 

^ , 
C. 

y 


I 




I 


119 

" 

%htfbe called him; but he was fpeechlefs, and, only 
looking up to her, expired. And now c ThiJbe was al~ 
moftdead with Grief. She tore her Cheeks, and beat 
her Breads., and rent her Hair, and fhed a Deluge of 
Tears, uponhis cold Face; nor feemed to mourn, tillfhe 
perceived her Veil, bloody and.torn, in Pyro?nus > s Hand» 
She then underftood the Occafion of his Death; and, 
with all her Strength,.fhe draws the Sword out of the 
.Body of her Lover, and ftrikes ?it deep into her.own;; 
and falling accidentally on him, gave him a cold Kifs, 
and breathed her la ft Breath into his Bofom. The Tree 
was warmed with the Blood of the Slain, fo that it be- 
veame fenfible of their Misfortune, and mourned. Its 
Berries, which were before white, became iirft red 
•with Grief, and blufhed for the Death of Pyra??ius ; 

; ; when 57;//5^ alfo died, the Berries then became black 
■} and dark, as if they had put on Mourning. 

(• In the next Place heartheStory of Atalanla and Hip- 
l .pomenes , She was the Daughter of King Schteiieus , or 
t Caneia , It was doubted whether her Beauty or Swift- 
| nefs in running were greater. When fhe confulted 
i the Oracle, whether fhe fhould marrv or.no,:-fhe/recei v- 
ci this Anfwer-, that Marriage would be fatal to her. 

| Hereupon the Virgin hid herfelf in the Woods, and 
r Jived in Places remote from the Converfation of Men. 

| But the more file avoidedthem, the more'eagerly they 
•courted her. Her Difdain inflamed their De-ftres, and 
■ ; her Pride raifed their Adoration- At laft, when fhe 
jfaw fhe could not otherwife deliver herfelf from the 
l Importunity of her Lovers, fhe made this Agreement 
| with them.; 6 You court me in vain, fays fhe ; he who 
6 overcomes me in running, fhall be my Hufband,; . 
H but they who are beaten by me fhall fuffer Death,; 


I 


> -1 




When Tbi/be* s Name the dying Lover heard, 

His half-clos’d Eyes for one lalt Look he.rear'd : 
Which, having Hatch’d the Blefling of that Sight, 
ilefign'd themfelves to everlailing Niglito 

I 4 


* m 



120 


Of the Gads of the lie at hens 


* 


* I’ll be the Vidlor’s Prize, but the Vanqui{hed’s Pit, 
- nifhment. If thefe Terms pleafe, come, go with me 

* into the Field. 3 They a all agreed to thefe Conditi¬ 
ons; they ftrove to outrun her; but they were all beaten 
and put to Death, according to the Agreement; fuf. 
fering the Lofs of their Lives for the Fault of their Feet, 

.Yet the Example of thefe Gentlemen did not deter 
, Hippomcnes from undertaking the Race. He entertain¬ 
ed Hopes of winning the Victory; becaufe Venus had 
given him three golden Apples, gathered in the Gar* 
.dens of the Hefperides ; and alfo told him how to ufe 
them, hlippomenes brifkly fet out and began the Race; 

• and when he faw that Atalanta overtook • him, lie 
threw down a golden Apple : The Beauty of it ind¬ 
eed her, fo that {he b went out of her Way, followed 
the Apple, and took it up. 

Afterwards he threw down another, and fhe {looped 
again to reach it; and again a third; fo. that while At¬ 
lanta was bulled in gathering them' up, Hippomm 
reached the Goal, and took the Lady as the Prize of 

• his Vi£lory. 

But how inconfirant is Venus? And how bafe Ingra¬ 
titude ? Hippomenes , being drunk with Love, gave not 
due Thanks to Venus , but was forgetful of her Kind* 
nefs. The Goddefs refented it, and inflamed them 
with fuch ffcrong impatient Deflres, that in their jour¬ 
ney they dared, to fatisfy their Paffions in a Temple; 
for which Sacrilege they were immediately punifhed, 
for they were turned into Lions. • : 

Laftly, let Paris and Helena come upon the Stage, 
Paris was the Son of Priamus King of 7 roy? by Heath. 
His Mother, when {he was big-bellied, dreamt that 


a Vsnif ad banc legem temeraria turba proeorum . • 
All her niad Wooers take the Terms propos’d. 
° Declindt cur/us , aur unique njolubile tollit. 

She, greedy of the fhining Fruits, Heps back 
To catch the rolling; Gold. 

* * ♦ 1 . • * O • 


s 

1 

3 

i 

* 

J 


\ - 


ki 





Of the Gods of the Heathens. 1 2 y 

foe brought forth a burning "Torch ; And, afking the Co¬ 
racle the Interpretation of it, was anfwered, that it did 
portend the Burning of Troy 9 and that the Fire fhould 
be kindled by that Boy that (he had in her Womb. 
Therefore, as foonas the Child was born, by the Com¬ 
mand of Priamus , he was expofed upon the Mountain 
Ida; where the Shepherds brought him up privately* 
and educated him, and called him Paris . When he 
was grown to Man’s Eftate, many excellent Endow¬ 
ments and Qualities fhined in him ; particularly, he 
gavefuch great Tokens of Angular Prudence and Equi¬ 
ty in deciding Controverfi.es, that when a great Diffe¬ 
rence arofe among the Goddefles, they referred it to his 
judgment to be determined. The Goddefs a Difcordia 
was the Occafionof this Contention : For, becaufe all 
the Gods and Goddefles, except herfelf, were invited 
to the Marriage of Peleus , fhe was angry, and refolved 
to revenge the Difgrace; therefore, when they all met 
and fat down at the Table, file came in privately, and 
threw down upon the Table an Jlpple of Golf on which 
was this Infcription, h Let the faireft take it . Hereupon 
arofe a Quarrel among the Goddefles; for every one 
thought herfelf the handfomeft. But, at laft, all the 
others yield to the three fuperior Goddeffes : "Juno , Pal¬ 
las , and Venus, who difputed fo eagerly, that Jupiter 
himfelf was not able to bring them to Agreement. He 
refolved therefore fo leave the final Determination of it 
to the Judgment of Paris; fo that fhe fhould have the 
Apple to whom Paris fhould appoint it. The Goddefles 
qonfent, and call for Paris , who was then feeding Sheep 
upon a Mountain. They tell him their Bufinefs; they 
every one court his Favour with great Promifes. 'Juno 
promifed to reward him with Power ; Pallas with TVif- 
dom 5 and Venus promifed him the mojl beautiful Woman 


•— in___ , 1— ■ jii^ 1 1 1 ■ 1 

♦ « • 

a Dion. Chryfoft. Orat. 20. Philoftrat. in Icon. 
ffrrtor accipiati vel Deittr Pulchricri . 


b PuL 





122 



hi the I-Vorld. In fhort, he obferved them all very curt- 
oufly 5 but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
fair eft , and to affign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
did Venus break her Promife to Paris ; for in a little 
Time Paris was owned to be King Priam 9 s Son, and 
failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
of an Embafly, to fetch away Helena , the moft beautiful 
Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
King of Sparta, and lived in his Houfe. "When he came, 
Menelaus was abfent from Home ; and, in his Abfence, 
Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded her, 
but Paris refufed to fend her back ; whereupon that 
fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia, was taken 
and miferably burnt, in the Year of the World 2871, 
There were killed eight hundred fixty-eight thoufand 
of the Grecians \ among whom Achilles , their General, 
loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
were flain fix hundred feventy-fix thoufand of the Tro¬ 
jans, from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Antenor 
betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
Pyrrhus or Philoftetes ; and his Brother Heft or, a the 
Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles. And when 
the City was taken and burnt, K ing Priamus, the Fa¬ 
ther of Paris and Heftor , at once lofi: all his Children., 
Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. Ple- 
lena , after Pails was killed, married his Brother Dei• 
phobus : Yet fhe, at laft, betrayed theCaftle tothe Gre¬ 
cians , and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
Dciphobus ; whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
long rather to Hiftory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
turn. 


a Patriae Columen* 


:S E e T, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


123 


SECT. V. VENus’i Companions . Hyme- 

n/eus, the Cupids, the Graces, Adonis. 

% 

rip HE firft of Venus's Companions was the God 
JL Hymenasus. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
the Protestor of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
and VcnusUrania^ born in Attica, where heufed to re- 
fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reftore them 
to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
crowned with the A?naracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
fometimes with Rofes; in one Hand he carried a 
Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re- 
prefent the Blufhes of a V irgin. Maids newly married 
offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 
dcfs Can cor din. 

Cupid was the neri-t of Venus's Companions. He 13 
called the God of Love, and a many different Parents 
are afcribed to him, becaufe there v/ere many Cupids . 
Plato b fays, he was bom of Penia^ the Goddefs of Po¬ 
verty > and Porus , the Son of Counfel and Plenty . c He- 
fiod relates, that he was born of Chaos and Terra. Sap¬ 
pho derives him from Venus and Caelum. Alcaeus fays he 
was the Son of Lite and Zephyrus. S'nnonidcs attributes 
hirn to Mars and Venus ^ and Alcmeeon to Zephyr us and 
Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
lie always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
Servant* 1 '.. . 

♦ _ 

The Poets fpeak of two Cupids. One of which is 

an ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and ‘Jupiter , a 
eeleftial Deity ; the other an obfeene Debauchee, the 
Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
God, whofe Companions are Drunkennefs, Sorrow, 

« * 

:i Philoftrar. in Icon. b Plato in Sympof, c Vide 
Nnt. Com. Sc Lib Gyrald. i] Cic. de Nat. Deor. c Plate} 
?n Pkaxlrp. 

Enmity, 



12.2. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

in the World. In fhort, he obferved them all very curi- 
oufly , but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
fairejiy and to aflign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
did Venus break her Promife to Paris ; for in a little 
Time Paris was owned to be King Prian z’s Son, and 
failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
of an Embafly, to fetch away Helena , the moft beautiful 
Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
King of Sparta , and lived in his Houfe. When he came, 
Menelaus was abfent from Home ; and, in his Abfence, 
Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded her, 
but Paris refufed to fend her back; whereupon that 
fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia^ was taken 
and miferably burnt, in the Year of the "World 2871. 
There were killed eight hundred flxty-eight thoufand 
of the Grecians ; among whom Achilles , their General, 
loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
were flain fix hundred feventy-fix thoufand of the Tro¬ 
jans , from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Antenor 
betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
Pyrrhus or Philooletes ; and his Brother Heffor, a the 
Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles . And when 
the City was taken and burnt, K.ingPriamus? the Fa¬ 
ther of Paris and HcPior, at once loft all his Children., 
Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. He - 
lien a , after Paris was killed* married his Brother Dei* 
phobus : Yet fhe, at laft, betrayed the Caftle to-the Gre - 
eianSy and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
Dei phobus > whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
long rather to Hiftory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
turn. 


a Patriae Columen. 


S E C T, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


123 


SECT. V. Venus’.? Companions. Hyme- 
NiEus, the Cupids, the Graces, Adonis. 

% 

rpHE firfl of Venus *s Companions was the God 
JL Hymcnaus. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
the Protestor of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
and Venus Urania? born in Attica , where heufed to re- 
fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reflore them 
to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
crowned with the A?naracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
fometirnes with Rofes ; in one Hand he carried a 
Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re¬ 
prefen t the Blufhes of a Virgin. Maids newly married 
offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 
defs Concordia. 

Cupid was the ne*:t of Venus’s Companions. He 13 
called the God of Love, and a many different Parents 
are afcribed to him, becaufe there were many Cupids . 
Plato b fays, he was born o fPcnia? the Goddefs of Po¬ 
verty? and Bor us , the Son of Counfel and Plenty . c He- 
fiod relates, that he was born of Chaos and Terra. Sap¬ 
pho derives him from Venus and Gcclu?n. Alcorns fa3^ he 
was the Son of Lite and Z ephyrus. Simonides attributes 
him to Mars and Venus ^ and Alcm & on to Zcphyrus and 
Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
he always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
Servant/ 5 '.. . 

The Poets fpeak of two Cupids . One of which is 
ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and Jupiter? a 
celeftial Deity ; the other an obfcenc Debauchee, the 
Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
God, whofe Companions are Drunkcnnefs, Sorrow* 

:i Philofhat. in Icon. b Plato in Sympof. c Vide 
Nat. Com. & Lil. Gyrald. d Cic. de Nat. Deor. c Platq 
in Phase! ro. 

Enmity^ 


324 Qf the Gods of the Heathens* 

Enmity, Contention, and fuch Kind of Plagues; one 
of tbefe Cupids is called Eros y and the other Ant eras. 
Both of them are Boys, and naked, and winged, and 
blind, and armed with a Bow and Arrows and a Torch. 
* They have.two Darts of different Natures; a golden 
.Dart, which procures Love, and a leaden Dart, which 
caufes Hatred. b Anteros is alfo the God who avenges 
flighted Love. 

Although this be the youngefi: of all the Gods in 
Heaven, yet his Power is fo great, that he is efleemed 
the flrongeft of them ; for he fubdues them all. With¬ 
out his Aftiftance his Mother Vemts is weak, and can do 
nothing, as fhe herfelf c confeffes in Virgil. 

P . But why is Cupid naked? 

/A. He is naked becaufe the Lover has nothing .of 
his own, but deprives himfelf of all that he has, for his 
Miftrefs’s.Sake : He can neither cover nor conceal any 
Thing from her ; of which Sampfoti is a Witnefs : For 
he difeovered to his beloved Miflrefs even the Secret 
on which his Safety did depend; and here his Under- 
fhinding was blinded before his Eyes., Another fays, 
that Czipid is naked, d becaufe Lovers delight to be To. 

Cupid is a Boyy becaufe he is void of Judgment: 
His Chariot is drawn by Lions, for the Rage and Fierce- 
siefs of no Creature is greater than the Extravagance 
and Madnefs of violent Love. And he is blind ; be- 
•caufe a Lover does not fee the Faults of his beloved 
Obje£L nor confider in his Mind the Mifchief proceed¬ 
ing from that Paffion. He is winged, becaufe nothing 

2 Plut. apud Stobamm. b Scholia#. in Theocr. io, 
Idyll. Faufan. in Boeot. Plut. in Synvpof. 

c IdtiiCj mecs 'vires y 712ca ?nag):a petentia , fains . 

Thou art my Strength, O Son, and Power alone. 

Virg. 4. Adncidy 

d Quavc intda limits, mtdi pingurTfur amores P 

Nuda quibtts plaeeat , nudes dunit tat opart et. 

Why’s Vepres naked, and the Loves are fo ? 

Thole that like Nakednefs Hiould naked go. 



* 

Ofthe Gods of the Heathens 9 j2 f 

flies fwifter than Love: It is well known, that he, who 
loves To-day may hate To-morrow ; the Space of one 
Day does oftentimes fee Love and Averfion, in their 
Turns, reigning in the fame Perfon * nay. Airman* 
King David’s Son, both loved and hated the fame Wo¬ 
man in a fhorter Space of Time 5 for, with the greateft 
Degree of Hatred, he turned her out of his Chamber* 
whom he juft before inticed into it, with the higheft 
Marks of Love. Laftly, the Boy is armed with Arrows * 
becaufe he ftrikes afar off 

The Graces , called a Charites , were three Sifters* the 
Daughters of 'Jupiter and Eurynome , or Ennomia , as- 
Orpheus fays ; or, as others rather fay, the Daughters 
of Bacchus and Venus. The fir ft was called b Aglaia 
from her Chearfulnefs; her Beauty, or her Worth * be¬ 
caufe Kindnefs ought to be performed freely and gene- 
roufly. The fecond, c ‘Thalia , from her perpetual Ver¬ 
dure ; becaufe Kindnefs ought never to die, but to re¬ 
main frefh always in the Receiver’s Memory. The 
third, d Eupbrofyne, from her Chearfulnefs ; becaufe we 
ought to be free and chearful, as well in doing as re¬ 
ceiving a Kindnefs. 

Thefe Sifters were painted naked (or in tranfparenfc 
andloofe Garments) young and merry, and all Virgins*., 
with Hands joined. One was turned from the Be¬ 
holder, as if fhe was going from him * the other two 
turned their Faces, as if they were coming to him* 
whereby we underftand, that when one Kindnefs is. 
done, Thanks are twice due; once when received* 
and again when it is repaid. The Graces are naked * 
becaufe Kindnefles ought to be done in Sincerity and 
Candour, and without Difguife. 

i 

2 X&QiTEq dids c&7ro tvs ’X J cc £&’$i i* a Gaudio. 

b 'Ay^aia,, id eft, fplendor, honeftas, vel dignitas. c Sa- 
K'j. (nam Sc&Xeicc eft Mufenomen) id eft, viriditas Sc cone 5 a- 
nitas a So.Ww vireo. d ’EvZpzorvw* id eft, Lxtitia Sc Urba¬ 
nites, Vide Heiiod. in Tlxeogon. 

They 


126 Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 

4 

They are young; becaufe the Memory of Kindnefles 
received ought never to grow old. They are Virgins; 
becaufe Kindnefles ought to be pure, without Expefta- 
tion of Requital; or becaufe we ought never to give 
or receive'a bafe or immodeft Kindnefs. Their Hands 
are joined; becaufe a one good "Turn requires another: 
There ought to be a perpetual Intercourfe of Kind¬ 
nefs and Affiflance among Friends, 

Adonis was the Son of Cynarus , King of Cyprus , and 
A'fyrrha. As he was very handfome, Venus took great 
Delight in him, and loved his Company- When he 
hunted, a Boar goared his Groin with his Tufks, and 
killed him. Venus bewailed his Death with much Sor¬ 
row and Concern, and changed his Blood, which was 
fhed on the Ground, into the Flower Anemone^ which 
ever fince has retained the Colour of Blood. And 
while fhe ran to aflift him, being led by his dying 
Voice, file pricked her Foot with a Thorn, and the 
Blood which came from thence, fell on the Rofe, 
which before was white, being hereby made red. 

Some add another pleafant Conceit. They fay, that 
when Venus and Proferpina contended before Jupiter , 
which fhould have Adonis , Jupiter referred them to CaU 
Hope , whom he appointed to be Judge of their Quarrel, 
Calliope gave this Sentence, that Adonis fhould ferve 
Venus every Year fix Months, and wait upon Proferpina 
the other fix. The Meaning of which Fable is this: 
Venus is the Earth, and her Adonis is the Sun. She 
reigns with him fix Months, attired with beauteous 
Flowers, and inriched with Fruit and Corn; the other 
fix Months the Sun leaves us, and goes, as it were, to 
live with Proferpina . 

LafHy, from Adonis comes the Proverb, b Adonis' s 
Gardens , by which are fignified all thofe Things that 
are fine and gay, but ufelefs and trifling. 

* % 

t 

a X*? iV h e * Gratia gratiam park, in Adag. 

* Adomdis Horti, in Adag, 

SECT, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 127 


SECT, VI. "The Explanation of the Fable , 

VenusV Amoroufnefs . 

rT^H'E Graces , Cupid , and Adonis are Venus's Com- 

J. panions, whereby is defcribed that ungovern¬ 
able Appetite and Inclination, which is in Men towards 
obfcene Pleafures. 

1. She is called the Goddefs of Beauty and Comdinefs %■ 
becaufe Beauty is the greatell Fomenter of impure De- 
fires. She, fitting on a frail corporeal Throne, fubdues 
the Soul. She, by her Flattery and Enticement, fteals 
into the AfFe£Uons, and drives Virtue from thence, and 
bafely inflaves the whole Man. The Cythereans wor- 
fliipped Venus armed. Beauty needs no Weapons t 
She who pofiefles that is fufiiciently armed. Anacreovz. 
jngenioufly tells us, that Nature gave Women Beauty, 
that they might ufe it inftead of Spears and Shields, and 
conquer with greater Speed and Force, than either Iron' 
or Fire can. Helena? Phrync? and innumerable others, 
are Witnefles of this Truth. One Lady, when fhe was 
bound to the Stake to be Boned, with the Lightning of 
her Eyes difarmed her Executioners: Another, when 
her Crime was proved, and thcf {he had often offend¬ 
ed before, when fhe tore her Garments, and opened 
her Breaft, flopped the Judge’s Mouth 5 and, when her 
Beauty pleaded her Caufe, every body acquitted her. 

2» Beauteous Venus rides in a Chariot, as it were, to 
triumph over her fubdued Enemies, whom Love, rather 
than Force, has conquered. She has her Ambufhes, 
but they are conipofed of Pleafure and Enjoyment: 
She fkirmifhes with Delights, and not with Fire and 
Bullets. The Wounds fhe gives are bloodlefs and 
gentle: She ufes no other Flames than what (lie kin¬ 
dles with her Eyes, and draws the Arrows which fhe 
fcoots from no other Quiver. And if fhe fights thus, 
it is no Wonder if fhe makes the Enemy fly to her, ra¬ 
fter than from her* . 

x 3. She? 

► 



- ' ^ — - * ✓ / T 

2 2 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

3. She wears a Crown ; becaufe fhe is always victo¬ 
rious. Beauty never wants Succefs ; becaufe (he fights 
at Leifure, conquers in Time of Peace, and triumphs 
with her Eyes. Thunder is contained even in herSi- 
lerlce, and Lightning in her Look. She feizes the Breaft* 
ftorms the Mind, and takes it captive with one Aflaulf, 
nay, with one Look. Beiuty fpeaks without a Voice, 
forces us without Violence, ties us down without Fetters, 
and charms us without Witchcraft; and in her to fee is 
to overcome, and to be feen is to triumph. Auguftm 
refufed to fee her in Cleopatra , left himfelf fhould be 
taken, and the Conqueror of the World fubmit to a 
“Woman: When therefore fhe pleaded, and made her 
Defence, he opened his Ears, but flint his Eyes. 

4. She carries a Looking-glafs, that the Brittleftefs 
of the Glafs may remind her of the Frailty of her Beau¬ 
ty. She is crowned with flowery Garlands; becaufe 
nothing is more fading than Beauty, which, like a 
Flower, is blafted by the leaft Breath, and broken by 
the leaft Accident, and dies in the fhorteft Moment. 

5. She is born from the Sea ; becaufe as many Storms 
and Tempefts afflicft the Lover, as difturb the Sea: 
Nothing but Bitternefs is his Portion ; fo that we may 
fay, that a to love is to fwalJow a bitter Potion. This is 
certainly true, that the Bitternefs cf the Sea is fweet, if 
compared with the Bittternefs of Love. But fuppofe 
Love had Sweetnefs, yet, like the Sea, from whence 
Venus fprang, it is full oftempeftuous Defires, and ftor- 
my Disappointments. How many Vefiels have beert 
fhipwreck’d there? How many Goods loft ? What De- 
ftru&ion, not only of Men’s Eflates, but of their Un- 

. derftandings alfo, have happened there? Inftances of 
which, every body, who is not blind, has obferved. 

6 . Confider the Adulteries, Rapes, and Incefts of 
which Venus is accufed, and you will find which Way 
her Beauty tends. See the Precipices into which that 
Ignisfatuus^ in her Eyes, betrays its Admirers. Though 

a Amare efle amatori amarum, 

her 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 129 

JicrFace appears pure and cool as the Ice, it creates a 
paflion both impure and hot as Fire. From that Stream 
offparkling Fire which comes from her .Eyes, Clouds 
of dark and hellifh Impurity, and black Mitts of Lutt, 
proceed. Thus, by a ftrange Con tradition, many are 
blinded by others Eyes, and find Tumults raifed in 
their Breads from the calm Serenity of others Looks ; 
grow pale at the Rednefs in their Cheeks - 3 lofe their own 
Beauty in admiring the Beauty of others, and grow 
immodeft by loving Modefty. 

P. How far, I prithee, will the Fervour and the 
flowing Tide of your Wit and Fancy carry you ? The 
Beauty of this Goddefs, I fee, has raifed your Admira¬ 
tion. 

M. It has rather moved my Indignation : But, how¬ 
ever, you do well in flopping me. She hath detained 
us longer than I expc£ied, though not without Rea- 
f'on ; becaufe fhe is one of the greateft of all the God- 
defies. The reft are lefs illuftrious, and will by no 
Means detain us fo long. 



CHAP. XIII. 

Latona, 

T ATO N A, whom you fee ftanding next fo% 
" was the Daughter of Phoebe and Cans the Titan* So 
great was her Beauty that Jupiter fell in Love with her, 
and deflowered her : When Juno perceived that fhe was 
big with Child by him, fhe caft her out of Heaven to 
the Earth, and obliged Terra , by an Oath, not to give 
her any where an Habitation to bring forth in : And 
befides, b fhe fet the Serpent Python upon her, to perfe- 
uteherall over the W*orld. Juno, however, was dif- 


“ Apollodor. L 1, Ovid. 6. Metam. b Orph. in Hymn. 

K appointed 


13 0 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

appointed in every Thing; for the Ifland Delos re¬ 
ceived Latona , where, under a Palm, or an Olive-tree, 
Cie brought forth Diana ; who, as foon as fhe was 
born, performed the Office of Midwife to her Mother, 
and took Care of her Brother //potto as foon as he was 
born. 

P . But if Terra fwore that flie would allow no Place 
to Latona , how could file bring forth in Delos ? 

M. Very well; a for they fay. That that Ifland for¬ 
merly floated in the Sea, and at that Time was hid un¬ 
der the Waters when Terra took her Oath, but emerged 
afterwards by the Order of Neptune , and became fixed 
and immoveable for Latona’ s Ufe; from which Time 
it was called h Delos, becaufe it was now vifible, like 
other Places. 

P. But why did the Ifland Delos emerge for Latom\ 

X Jfc ? < | 

M. That is not ft range : For this Ifland was Sifter , 
to Latona. Some fay, that her Name was formerly' 
y/jhria , whom Jupiter loved and courted, but flic was 
converted into an Ifland : But others report, that fhe 
was c converted into a ghtail, and flew into this Ifland. 
which was therefore, among other Names, called' 1 
Qrtygia . Niobe’s Pride, and the Barbarity of the 
Countrymen of Lycia , increafe the Fame of this God-i 
deft. ! 

Niobe was the Daughter of Tantalus , and the Wife 
of Arnphion , King of Thebes . c She was fo inriched with 
all the Gifts of Nature and Fortune, and her Happinefsi 
was fo great, that file could not bear it; wherefore,: 
puffed up with Pride, and full of Self conceit, fhe began! 
to defpife Latona , and to efteem herfelf greater than! 
her, faying. Is any Happinefs to be compared to mhu t \ 

p 

f 

! 

a Lucian, in Dial. Iridis & Neptuni, h AjjAo*, id ell, i 
• confpicua Sc manifefla. c Ovid. i^. Met. d \Atto7«; 
o^vyocy a. coturnice. e Ovid, 6. Mctam. 

* ivh \ 

i 
v 

% 

M 


2 


Of the Gods of the Heathens » 131 

* who a?n out of the Reach of Fortune ? foe may rob me 
of much JVeedthy but foe carat of injure me, fence fee ?nuft 
leave me feill very rich . Does any one’s JNealth exceed 
mine ? Is any one’s Beauty Uhc mine P Have 1 not feeven 
mo ft beautiful Daughters P And as many ingenious and 
bandfome Sons ? And have I ?iot therefore Rea Jon to be 
proud ? In this Manner did (lie boaft of her Happioefs, 
and defpife others in Comparifon of herfelf; but her 
mad Pride, in a fhort Time, deprived her of a)] that 
Happinefs which fhe had poflefled* and reduced her 
from the Height of good Fortune to the 1 owe ft Degree 
of Mifery : For when Latona faw herfelf defpifed, and 
her Sacrifices difturbed by Niche , {he appointed Apollo 
and Diana to punifh the Injury that was offered to 
their Mother. Immediately they two go, with their 
Quivers well filled with Arrows, to Niche's Houfe; 
where firft they kill the Sons, then the Daughters, and 
next the Father, in the Sight of Niobe , who by that 
Means b was ftupified with Grief, till at length fhe was 


* n ll'jorftm qnam cut pofjit forttma tiocere ; 

Multaque ut eripiat , multo mi hi plura relinquet • 

In quamcumque donuts adverti lit?tibia partem , 

Immenfe fpeciantur opes . Acccdat eodem 
Digna Ded facies . Hide rotas adjice Jeptem , 

Et tot idem juvenes : & ttiox gazer ofque, numtfque : 
Qtucrite nunc habeat quant nofera Juperbza caufam P 
My State’s too great for Fortune to bereave; 

Tho’ much fhe lavifh, fhe much more mull leave. 
Throughout my Court behold in ev’ry Place 
Infinite Riches ! Add to this a Face 
Worthy a Goddefs : Then, to crown my Joys, 
Seven beauteous Daughters, and as many Boys. 
All thefe by Marriage to be multiply’d. 

Behold, have we not Reafon for our Pride ? 


b - —Or ha ref edit 

Exonimcs inter natos , natafque , vir unique, 
Dirigzbtqnc malis. Idem, ibid. 

She by her Hufband, Sons, and Daughters fits 
A Childlefs Widow, waxing it iff with Woes, 

. K 2 


turned 



i j2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

turned into Marble, which, becaufe of this Misfortune, 

fheds many Tears to this Day. 

The Rufticks of the Country Lycia , in Afa , did alfo 
experience the Anger of Latova with their Ruin ; for, 
when (he wandered in the Fields very big with Twins, 
the Heat of the Weather, and the Toil of her Journey, 
brought fuch a Drought upon her, that (he aim ©ft fain¬ 
ted for Third:: At lad difeovering a Spring in the Bot¬ 
tom of the Valley, {he ran to it with great Joy, and 
fell on her n Knees to drink the cool Waters; but the 
neighbouring Clowns hindered her, and bid her depart. 
She earneftly begged Leave, and they as furlily denied 
it: She did not defire, b (hefaid, to muddy the Streams 
by wafhing herfclf in them, but only to' quench her 

Third, 


;i *- gelidos potura liquor es . 

To quench her Third with the refrefhing Stream, 
k* Quid'probidetis aquas ? vfus conwumis aquarian cjl 
Quas tauten ut delis, fupplex peto. Non ego noftros 
Abluere hie art us, laffataque membra parabam r 
tied rele-uare Jitim . Caret os humore loquentis , 

JEt fauces arent, <vixquc ef *via roods in illis . 

Haufus aqius mibi Nedar erit 9 vitamque fateb «. r ' 

Accepiffe -—- 

Quem non blanda Dea pctuijjent •verba mowere ? 

Hi tauten or ant cm perf'mt prohibere ; minafquc, 
Niprocul abfeedai , con-viciaque infuper addunt. 

Nee fat is ef ; ipfos ctiam pcdibufque ?nanuque 
Lurbanj 'crc la cits, imoqne e gurgitc molletn 
Hue iliac Ihnum faltu mcajcre maligno . 

.-- Why hinder you, faid ihe. 

The Ufe of Water that to all is free ? 

The Sun, Air, Water, Nature did not frame - 


Peculiar ; a public Gift I claim ; 

Yet humbly I intreat it, not to drench 
My weary Limbs, but killing Third to quench. 

My Tongue wants Moifture, and my Jaws are dry ; 
Scarce is there Way for Speech. For Drink I die, 
Whiter to me were Ne<5lar. If 1 live, 
i'is by y o ur Favo ur, -— V/it« 








































































































Of the Gods of the Meat hens'. 133 

.Third, now fhe was aJmoft choaked with Drought. 
They regarded not her Intreaties, but, with many 
Threats, endeavoured to drive her away ; and, left/he 
ihould drink, they.leaped into the Water and muddied 
the Stream. This great Inhumanity moved the Indig¬ 
nation of Latona , who, not able to bear fuch barbarous 
Treatment, curfed them, and faid to them, a May ye 
always live in this ff^ater. Immediately they were turn- 
: : ed Into Frogs, and leaped into the muddy Waters, 

^ where they ever after lived* 

if J 




1 

I 

Ul 


t 


n 


With whom would not Inch gentle Words prevail,? 
Hut they, periifting to prohibit, rail; 

The Place with Threats command her to forfake ; 
Then, with their Hands and Feet, difturb the Lake, 
And, leaping with malicious Motions, move 
The troubled Mud ; which, riling, floats above. 
JEicrJUtm Jiagno, dixit , <vi-vatis in ijio; 

E-ueniunt cft.ita Dee?. 

Still, Tai<I flie, may ye in this Water dwell. 

And, as the Goddefs wifh’d, it happ’d. 




CHAP. XIV. 

* 

A U R G R A „ 

M I IT* O do you think that {lately b Goddefs is, 

V V that is drawn in a Chariot of Gold, by white 

Horfes ? 7 

Is it not Aurora , the Daughter o f Terra and T'itan*, 

the Sifter of the Sun and the Moon, and the Mother of 

Hie Stars and the Winds? I fancy fo^ becaufe her 

Countenance Ihines like Gold, and her Fingers are 

feci like Rofes, and c Homer defcribes Aurora after that 
^Manner. 



1 

1 

k 

<1 * 


6 , 


Virg, 6, JEneid. Theocr. in Hyla. Apollon, 1. j 
Hymn, in Vener. 

K 3 


iM. Your 



134 Of rf° e °f the Heathens. 

M. Your Obfervation is very right; it is, as you fay, 
Aurora , whom the a Greeks call by another Name ; you 
have named her Parents right; yet h fome fay, that He 
was the Daughter of Hyperion and Thia^ or elfe Pallas } 
from whom the Poets alfo called her Pallantlas . 

P. Does Hiftory relate nothing done by her ? 

Ad. Yes, c file by Force carried two beautiful young j 
Men, Cephalus and Tit bonus > into Heaven. j 

Gepbalus married Procris , the Daughter of the King i 

of Athens. When Aurora could by no Perfuafion move j 

him to violate his- Marriage-Vow, fhecarried him into i 

Heaven ; but even there fhe could not fhake his Con- 

** _ | 

ftancy : Therefore fhe fent him again to his Wife Pro- • 
cris^ difguifed in the Habit of a Merchant; who, being 
defirous to try her Fidelity to her abfent Hufband, temp- : 
ted her, with much Courtfhip and many Prefents, to yield 
to his Defires ; and, when fhe almoft confented, hecaft 
off his Difguife, and chid his Wife for her Inconftancy, i 
She was greatly afhamed, and hid herfelf in the Woods; j 
hut afterwards was reconciled to her Hufband, and gave = 
him an Arrow, which never milled the Mark, whichIhe | 
had received from Mime . When Cephalus had this Ar- \ 
row, he fpenthis whole Time in hunting and purfuing’ 
wild Beafts. d Procris , fufpeflirig that her Hufband I 
loved fome Nymphs, went before, and lay in a 
to difeover the Truth ; but when fhe moved careldly j 
in the Bufh, her Hufband heard the Ruffling, and,i 
thinking that fome wild Beall was there, drew his Bow, j 
and fhot his Wife with his unerring Arrow. j 

Tit bonus was the Son of Laomedon , arid Brother of, 
Priamus : c Aurora , for his fingular Beauty, carried! 

_ a Grasce dicitur ’H&>s & ’E^c unde Eous Sc Heous: Lati*j 

nis nominatur Axirora 9 quail Aurea. Fit enim, ut inquit Or-J 

pheus in Hymnis, ’Ayystaa ©£« IVroVos* id eil, Solis Nun*| 

cia. ^ h Hefiod. in Theogon. c Ovid.-y. Metam. Pafl'l 

fan. in Lacon. d Ovid. Metam. 7. c Horatius, l.-l 
Carm. | 

him] 


Ofthe Gods of the Heathens. 135 

him up to Heaven, and married him ; and, inftead of a 
portion, obtained from the Fates Immortality for him': 
She had Memnon by him ; but fhe forgot to afk the 
Fates to grant him perpetual Youth, fo that he became 
fo old and decrepid, that, like an Infant, he was rocked 
to Sleep in a Cradle. Hereupon he grew weary of Life, 
and,wifhing for Death,afked Aurora to grant him Power 
to die. She faid, that it was not in her Power to grant 
it; but that fhe would do what file could ; a and there¬ 
fore turned her Hufband into a Grafhopper, which, they 
fay, moults when it is old, and grows young again. 

P. And what became of Memnon ? 

M. Memnon , their Son, went to Troy., to alii ft King 
Priam , where, in a Duel with Achilles , he was killed ; 
b and, in the Place where he fell, a Fountain arofe, which 
every Year, on the fame Day on which he died, fends 
forth Blood inftead of Water. But, as his Body lay 
upon the Funeral Pile to be burnt, it was changed into 
a Bird, by his Mother Aurora’s Interceflion $ and ma¬ 
ny other Birds of the fame Kind flew out of the Pile 
with him, which, from his Name, were called Aves 
Memnonits: Thefe dividing themfelves into two Troops, 
and, furioufly fighting with their Beaks and Claws, 
with their own Blood, appe&fed the Ghoft of Memnon , 
from whom they fprung. 

There was a Statue of this Memnon, made of black 
Marble, and fet up in the Temple of -Serapis at Thebes 
in Egypt , of which c they relate an incredible Story : 
For it is faid, that the Mouth of this Statue, when firft 
touched by the Rays of the rifing Sun, fent forth a 
fweet and harmonious Sound, as though it rejoiced 
when its Mother Aurora came, but, at the Setting of 
the Sun, it fent forth a low melancholy Tone, as 
though it lamented its Mothers Departure. 

3 Ovid. Metam. 1. 9 . h Ovid. 13 , Metam. 

* Fucian, in PJiilofoph. Tzetzes Club 6 . 

K 4 And 



136 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

And thus I have told you, Palaopbilus , all Things, 
which I thought ufeful, concerning the Celeltial Gods 
and Goddeffes. 

P. How much am I indebted to you for this, my 
moll kind Friend? But what now? Are you going 
away? Will you not keep your Word ! Did you not 
promife to explain all the Images in the fabulous Pan¬ 
theon ? 

M Never trouble yourfdf; what I undertake I 
will furely perform. But would you have us flay here 
all Day without our Dinner ? Let us dine, and we will 
foon return again to our Bufinefs. Come, you fhall 
dine with me in my Houfe. 

P. Excufe me. Sir j I will not give you that Trouble, 

I had rather dine at my own Inn. 

M. What do you talk of Trouble? I know no Per- 
fon, whole Company is more obliging and grateful. 
Let us go, I fay: You arc not your own Mailer To¬ 
day. Obey then. 

P, I do fo$ I wait upon you. 



PART; 



“Pi ATT 

















































C II A P. I. 

Of the Terreftrial Deities. 


SECT. I. 


Saturn, his Image, Family, and 

Actions, 


r ew 

€ <N> 


O W certainly, fince we have dined fo 
^ well, you will fpeak, and I {hall mind 
better. Come on : Whereabouts will 


^ ^ a? y ou ^ ave me J°°k • 

,,j Ad. Look upon the Wall on the 
Right-hand; becaufe it will be ill 
Luck to begin from the Left: Upon that Wall, 
which is the fecond Part of the Pantheon , as well as 
of our Difcourfe, you fee the Tcrrejlrial Deities divided 
into two Sorts ; for fomeof them inhabit both the Ci¬ 
ties and the Fields indifferently, and are called in ge¬ 
neral a the Perrcjirial Gods: Rut the others live only in 
the Countries and the Woods, and are properly cal- 







s 3 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

led a the Gods of the Woods* We will begin with the 
in Pc. 

Of the TcrreJlrialGods (which are fo called, becaufe 
their Habitation is in the Earth) the mod: celebrated 
are Saturn j Janus , Vulcan , JEolus^ and Mamas. The 
Terr efi rial Goddejfs are Vcjla^ Cybele y Ceres , the Muje^ 
and Themis ; they are equal in Number to the Cele- 
ftial Gods and Goddeiles. We will begin with the 
elded', Saturn , whofe Image you fee there. 

P . Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b Saturn , 
with a long Beard, a hoary Plead ? PIIs Shoulders are 
bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
thin 5 his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
Hand holds a nifty Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
which he is about to devour. 

lid. It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Vejla) 
and Caelum^ d Ccelus , or Caelzus , c who was the Son of 
/Ether and Dies , and the ancienteft of all the Gods. 
This Cesium (according to the Story) married his own 
Daughter Vejla , and begat many Children of her, the 
mod eminent of which was Saturn^ whofe Brothers 
we re the Cyclop s 7 Oceanus , Titan , f the h u n d red-handed 
Giants, and divers others ; his Sifters were Ceres , Tctbys> 
zndOps, or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
Sifters perfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
or Thames^ the deleft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
of Iiis Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 
Resolution of bis Mother and Sifters, he would not 



a Dii astern iylveflres rare tantum &• in fylvis degunt. 
n 7 - dineid. c Martian, apnd Lilium Gyrald. 

d Grace dicitur c Nonn. lib. 21. Dionyf. Lad. 

Placid, in Thebaid. I. 6. f Cenu'man u 


ftrivc 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 139 

ftriv’e again ft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
Right, and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
tion, that he fhould not bring up any Male Children* 
that fo, after Saturn's Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
turn to the Children of Titan . 

P. Did Saturn accept that Condition ? 

M- He not only accepted, but finccrely kept it, 
whilft he could ; but at laft his Defign was prevented : 
For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
voured ali her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
the Twins, 'Jupiter and Juno , fhe fent only Juno to 
him, but fent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount Ida , by 
the Pricftefles of Cybcle , who were called Curetes , or 
Corybantes . It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
of Jupiter. By the fame Trick file alfo faved Neptune 
and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 

P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn? 

M. Yes ; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling cloaths, and deli¬ 
vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment. 

P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated, 
and the Agreement broken ? 

M. To revenge the Injury done to him, he railed 
Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
both him and Rhea Prifoners, he bound them, and {hut 
them up together in u Hell, where they lay, till Jupiter , 
a few Years after, overcame the Titans , and fet his Fa¬ 
ther and Mother again at Liberty. 

P. I fuppofe that Saturn remembered this Kindnefs, 
and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 

M. On the contrary, he ftrove to take away his 
Life, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 


a In Tar taro, b Enn, in Euemero* 

be 


s 3 8 Qf t? je Gods of the Heathens . 

led a the Gods of the TVoods. We will begin with the 
fir ft* 

Of the Ter ref rial Gods (which are fo called, bccaufe 
their Habitation is in the Earth) the moft celebrated 
are Saturn , Janus , Vulcan , SEolus y and Mourns. The 
'Terr eft rial Goddejfes are Vejla , Cybele , Ceres ^ the Mufe^ 
and Themis ; they are equal in Number to the Cele- 
ftial Gods and Goddefles- We will begin with the 
eldeft, Saturn ,• whole Image you fee there. 

Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b 
with a long Beard, a hoary Head ? His Shoulders are 
bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
thin 5 his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
Hand holds a rufty Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
which he is about to devour. 

H 4 . It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Veft a) 
and Caelum? <! Ccelus , or Caclius , c who was the Son of 
/Ether and Dies? and the ancientcft of all the Gods. 
This Caelum (according to the Story) married his own 
Daughter Vejla? and begat many Children of her, the 
moft eminent of which was Saturn? whofe Brothers 
were the Cyclops, Oceantis , Titan? f the hundred-handed 
Giants, and divers others; his Sifters were Ceres? Tetbys, 
an 6 Ops? or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
Sifters pevfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
or Thames? the deleft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
of his Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 
Refolution of his Mother and Sifters, he would not 


a Dii zutem fylveflres rare tan turn So in /ylvis degunt. 
h Tirg. 7. yEneid. c Martian, apnd Lilium GyraJd. 
d Grace die it ur J^caoq. c Noun. lib. zi. Dionyf. Lad. 

Placid, in Thebaid. I. 6 . f Centimanh 


ft rive 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 139 


ftrive againft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
Right, and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
tion, that he fhould not bring up any Male Children, 
that fo, after Saturn’s Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
turn to the Children of "Titan. 

P. Did Saturn accept that Condition ? 


M- He not only accepted, but fmcerely kept it, 
■whilft he could ; but at laft his Defign was prevented : 
For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
voured all her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
the Twins, 'Jupiter and Juno , fhe fent only Juno to 
him, but fent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount Ida , by 
the Pricftefles of Cybele , who were called Guretes , or 
Corybantes. It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
of ‘Jupiter. By the fame Trick fhe alfo faved Neptune 
and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 

P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn? 


M. Yes ; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling- deaths, and deli¬ 
vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment. 

P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated* 
and the Agreement broken ? 

M. To revenge the Injury done to him, he railed 
Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
both him and Rhea Prifoners, he bound them, and fhut 
them up together in a Hell , where they lay, till Jupiter * 
a few Years after, overcame the Tita?is , and fet his Fa¬ 
ther and Mother again at Liberty. 

P . I fuppofe that Saturn remembered this Kindnefs* 
and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 

M. On the contrary, he ftrove to take away his 
Life, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 


a In Tar taro, b Enn. in Euemero. 




1 4.-0 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

be driven out of his Kingdom by a Son, as in Reality 
he was afterwards : For Jupiter depofed him from the 
Throne, and expelled him from the Kingdom, be- 
caufe he had confpired to take a way his Life. 3 Befides 
when he found Saturn almoft drunk with Mead, 
he bound him and gelt him, as Saturn had gelt his 
.Father Caelum before with his Sickle. 

jP. And whither did Saturn go after he had loft his 
Kingdom ? 

A/I. Into Italy , b which was anciently called Satur- 
Ilia from him. He lived there with King Janus $ and 
that Part of Italy , in which he lay hid, was afterwards 
called Latinm , and the People Latini^ as c Ovid ob- 
ferves. King Janus made Saturn Partner of his King¬ 
dom ; upon which (1 Saturn reduced the wild People (who 
wandered up and down before like Beafts) to civil Soci¬ 
ety, and joined them to each other, as it were, in Chains 
of Brafs , that is, by the Braf-Adcncy 'which he'invented; 
and therefore, on one Side of the Money was ftamped 
a Ship, c becaufe Saturn came thither in a Ship ; and, 
oh the other Side, was ftam.ped a Janus Bifrons . But, 
although the Money was Brafs , f yet this was the Gol¬ 
den Age, in which Saturn lived, when (as s the Poets, 
who magnify the Happinefs of that Age, would per- 
fuade us) the Earth, without the Labour of ploughing 

a Statius 3 Thebiid. Claud, i. de Raptu Proferpina;. 
b Virg. lEn. S. Cyprian de Idolorum Vanirate. 
c Inde din Genii manjit Salami a norncti : 

Di&a fuit Latinm terra, latente Deo . Fad. 1 . l« 

The Name Saturnia thence this Land did bear. 

And Latin:n too, becaufe he fhelter’d here. 

* Diodor. 1. 5 . Biblioth. 

c At bona pojlcritas pup pintfgnavit in are, 

Hofpitis adventum tcjlijicata Dei . ,Ovid. Faft. 1 . 3, 
A Ship by th’ following Age was ftamp’d on Coin, 
To Ihevv they once a God did entertain. 
f Virg. 1. Georg. s Vide Tibull. Hefiod. Pherecrat. 
Trog. ap. Judin. 1 . 41. Martial. I. 12. Epigr. 73. 

.and 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 14 1 

and fowing brought forth its Fruits, and all Things 
were common to all 5 there were no Differences nor 
Contentions amongft any, for every Thing happened 
according to every body’s Mind. ;t Virgil hath given 
an elegant Defcription of this happy Age in the 8th 
Book of his /Eneids . b Ovid likewife defcribes it 3 and 
« Vircril again in another Place. 


2 Primus ab anhereo we nit Saturnus Glympo, 

Jlrmci Jowlsfugiens, regnis exul adcmptis* 

Js genus indocile ac difperjum montibus altis 
Compofuit , legefque dcdit . Lai i unique wo cars 
Maluit , bis quoniam latuijjet tutus in oris : 

Jlureaque , ut perhibent, illo fub regcfuet e 
Specula, Jic placida pcpulos in pace regc bat. 

Then Saturn came, who fled the Pow’rs of Jove, 

Robb’d of his Realms and banilh’d from above : 

The Men difpers’d on Hills to Town he brought,. 

The laws ordain’d, and civil Cufloms taught. 

And Latium call’d the Land, where fafe he lay 
From his unduteous Son, and his ufurping Sway : 

With his wild Empire Peace and Plenty came; 

And hence the Golden Limes deriv’d their Name. 

0 Signabat millo limite fcjfor bumum . Jlnwr. /. j, 

The Delver made nor Pound, nor Balk. 
c Nec Jig a are quidem ant partin' limit e campum 

Fas erat, Georg. 1. S. 

No Fences, parted Fields, no Marks, nor Bounds 
DiflinguiiTPd Acres of litigious Ground. 


SECT. II. Navies of S a t u r. n. 

* 

]\yf ANY derive the Name Saturnus (or Satunnus , 
as they anciently pronounced it) a from Sozving? 
becaufehe ffrft taught the Art of Sozving and Tilling the 
Ground in Italy ; and therefore he wasdieemed the God 


a Saturnus didtus eft a Satu* ficut a Portu Portunus, & a 
Xjtu Neptunus. Feflus, Servius in 7. ./Eneid. Lipf. 3. Sa- 
. nirnal. 



1 


2 




O f the Gods of the "Heathens* 


of Hufb an dry , and called by the Romans Stercutrus , be¬ 
caufe he firft fattened the Earth with Dung : He is 
therefore painted with a Sickle with which the Mea¬ 
dows are mowed, and the Corn is cut down. This 
Sickle was thrown into Sicily , and there fell within a 
City, which was formerly called Trepanum , and fmcc 
‘Trcpano from a thence: Though others affirm, that this 
City had its Name b from that Sickle which Ceres had 
from Vulcan , and gave the Titans when fhe taught them 
to mow. But others fay, the Town had its Name, be- 
caufe it was crooked and hollow, like a Sickle. Indeed 
Sicily is fo fruitful in Corn and Failure, that the Poets 
juftly imagined that the Sickle was kept there. 

2. Again, Saturnus is derived from that C -Fulncfs 
which is the Effect of his Bounty when he fils the 
Bellies of the People with Proviiions ; as his Wife was 
called Ops, <l becaufe fie helps the Hungry. Others af¬ 
firm, that he is called Saturn , c becaufe he is fatisfid 
with the Tears that he devours; for Saturn and Twit 
are the fame. 

3. Laftly, others think that this Name is given him, 
becaufe he is f the Former of the Mind ; becaufe he cre¬ 
ates Senfe and Underftanding in the Minds of Men, 
and perfects them with Precepts and Prudence. 


a Falx, enim Grace dicitur Apsiravoy, ApoIIod. 1 . 4. Ar- 
g°n. 

b Ovid. Faftorum. 

c A Saturando, quafi faturet populos annona. 
a Quod Efurientibus opem ferat. 

c Quod ipfe faturctur annis quos ipfe devorat. Cicero z. 
de Nat. Deorum. 

f Saturnus quafi fator id eft, qui mciUem, fenfumque 
creat. Apollophan. apud Fulgentium. 


SECT, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


* IN' 
v \ 


M3 


SECT. III. "The Sacrifices and Fefiivals ? 

Saturnalia. 

M E N only were facriiiced to Saturn , becaufe he 

was delighted, as they thought, with human 
Blood \ wherefore the Gladiators were placed under 
his Protection, and fought at his Feafts. a The Ro¬ 
mans efteemed him an infernal God, as Plutarch fays, 
becaufe the Planet Saturn is malignant and hurtful 5 
yet he is commonly reckoned a Terreftrial God. Thofe 
who facrificed to him had their Heads bare, and his 
Prietts wore fcarlet Garments. On his Altar were 
placed wax Tapers lighted, becaufe by Saturn Men 
were reduced from the Darknefs of Error to the Light 
of Truth. 

The Feafts b Saturnalia^ in the Greek Language 
Kpn*, [Cronia] were inftituted either by Tidlus , King 
of the Romans , or, if we believe Livy , by Semprcmus 
and Minutius , the Confuls. c Till the Time of 'Julius 
Catfar they were finiihed in one Day, on the Nineteenth 
of December ; but then they began to be celebrated in 
three Days, and afterwards in four or five, by the Order 
of Caligula; And fome write, that they havelafted fever* 
Days \ and from hence they called thefe Days d the firft, 
the fecond, and the third Fefiivals of Saturn, &c. And 
when thefe Days were added to the Feaft, the firft Day 
of celebrating it was the Seventeenth of Deceinber . 

Upon c thefe Feftival Days, 1. The Senate did not 
fit, 2. The Schools kept Holy-day. 3. Prefents were 
feat to and fro amongft Friends. 4. It was unlawful to 


a Macrob. 1. Saturnal. c. 10. Tertull. de Teftimon. Anim. 
h de Pallio. b Dion. Halicarn. L 2. c Lipf. Sat. 1. Dio. 
1 . 59 & 60. Suet, in Calig. Cicero ad Attic. 13. Epifr. 30. 
J Primn, fecunda tertia, Saturnalia. e Martial. 7 Epigr. 27. 
Plin. 8. Ep. 7. Mart, pafiim Dio. !. 58. A then. 14. Sen. £p. 

proclaim 



144 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 

proclaim War, or execute any Offenders. 5. Servants 
were allowed to be jocofe and merry towards their 
Mailers 5 as we learn from a Aufonius . 6. Nay, the 
Mailers waited on the Servants, who fat at Table, in 
Memory of that Liberty which all enjoyed in ancient 
Times in Saturn s Reign, when there was no Servi¬ 
tude. 7. Contrary to the Cuflom, b they wafhed them 
as foon as they arofe, as if they were about fitting 
down to Table. 8. And laftly, c they put on a certain 
Kcftival Garment, called Synthejis , like a Cloak ofPur- 
pie or Scarlet Colour, and this Gentlemen only wore. 

il Aurea nunc re*uocct Saturni Fcfta Dece?nber; 

Nunc tibi cum Domino lacier e 9 t verna 9 licet . Eel. de Men, 

DeLimbir now brings Saturn s merry Feafts, 

When Mailers bear their fportive Servants Jells. 
b Tertul. apud Lipf. c Petron. Arbiter. 


SECT. IV. 'The Hiflorical Senfe of the Fable. 

By Saturn is meant JNoah 0 


A Lthough it is generally faid, that* Saturn was Nun- 

rod , the Founder of theEmpire of Babylon, yeti am 
more inclined to believe the Opinion of b Bochartu 
who maintains that Saturn and Noah were the fame. 
Thefe Reafons, which he brings, feems perfuafive. 

I. In the Time of Noah c the whole Earth fpake one 
Language ; and the ancient Mythologijls fay, that the 
Bealls underflood this Language. And it is faid, ‘‘that 
in Saturn’s Age there was but one Language, which was 
common to Men and Brutes. 

2. Noah is called, in the Hebrew Language, 0 a Man 
of the Earth ; that is, an Hujbandman , according to the 
ufual Phrafe of Scripture, which calls a Soldier * a Man 
of JVar; a flrong Man, s a Man of the Anns\ a Mur- 


r * Berofus, 1 , 3- b Bochart. in fuo Phaleg. 1 . 1. c. 

3. Genefis xi. c Plato in Politicis. d Vir terra?, Genefis 
ix. 20. e Jofh. v. 4. f Job. xxii'. 8. s Vir Brachiorum. 

defer. 



*• , 

1 A 

1 

4 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 145 

derer, a a Mail of Blood ; an Orator, b a Man of T'Vords ; 
and a Shepherd, *■ a Man of Cattle, Now Saturn is 
juflly called a Man of the Earthy becaufe he married 
Tcllus 5 -whole other Names were Rhea and Ops. 

3. As Noah was the firft Planter of Sincyards, fo the 

Art of cultivating Vines and Fields is attributed to 

Saturn s Invention. 

4. As Noah was once overcome with Wine, becaufe 
perhaps he never experienced the Strength of it before ; 

: c fo the Saturnalians did frequently drink exetilively, 
becaufc Saturn protc£ted drunken Men. 

> 5. As Noah curfcd his Son Ham , becaufc he faw his 

Father's Nakednefs with Delight ; f Saturn made a 
Law, that whofoever faw the Gods naked fliould be 
puniflied. 

6. Plato fays g that Saturn and his TVife Rhea, and 
ihofe with them, rue re born of Ocean us and Thetis : And 
thus AWZ?, and all that were with him, were as it were 
new born out of the Waters of the Deluge, by the 
Help of the Ark* And if a Ship was ftamped upon the 
ancient Coins, h becaufe Saturn came into Italy in a 

' Ship; furely this Honour belonged rather to North , 
who in a Ship preferved the Race of Mankind from 
utter Definition. 

7. Did Noah foretel the Coming of the Flood P So 

• did Saturn foretel 1 that there fliould be great Ffjtan- 

* _. — — - * 1 , _ • . — 


2 2 Sam. xvi. 17. b Exod. x. c Gen. xlvi. 22. d Alt- 
rcl Victor, de Origine Gentis Romans. c Macrob. Satur- 
nal. 1 . c. 6. Lucian, in Ep. Sat. f Callimachus in Hymn. 
e K porog k} Pico o&ot (a.stcI tovtuv, &c. id eft, Saturn us So 
Rhea Sc qui cum illis fuere ex Oceano Sc Thctide nati per- 
hibentur. Plato in 1 irnzeo. il Plutarch, in ' Pui/~&iCv.'j?e. 

K{''vo<; mg’cxrvptciivEtv YcfsoBcct '8J?.%&os'o(s*(3pcJv 9 See, id eft, Saturn us 
pra:nunciat magnam imbrium vim futuram, & fabricanaam 
efiearcam, & in ea cum volucribus, reptilibus, atquejumen¬ 
tis efle navigandum. * Alex. Polyhiftor, apud Cyril, contra 

Julian. 1. r, 

% 

L 


r 


titles 



*4 6 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


titles of Rain , and an Ark built , in which Men, and Birdu 
and creeping Things Jhould all fail together. 

8. Saturn is laid to have devoured all his Sons, but 
thefe three, f up iter , Neptune, and Pluto . So AW;, 
the Paftor and Prophet, and as it were the Father of 
all Mortals, may be faid to have condemned and de¬ 
ftroyed all Men, u becaufe he foretold that they would 
be deftroyed in the Flood. For, in the Scripture- 
Phrafe, the Prophets are faid to do the Thing which thy 
foretel Jhall be done hereafter . Thus when the b Prophet 
lays, tv ben I came to dejlroy the City % he means, when l 
came to foretell that the City floould be defrayed. But as 
Saturn had three Sons left to him not devoured; fo 
had Noah three, Scm 7 Chain, and .Japhet 7 who were not 
deftroyed in the Flood. 

Furthermore, thefe Reafons may perfuade us that 
Noah's Son Cham is Jupiter: i. Plis Hebrew Name 
Plain is by many called Cham, from whence it is plain, 
“She Egyptians had the Name dfk'j [ Amonn ] and the A- 
fricans, Ammon or Hammon. 2. Cham was theyoungeft 
Son of Noah, as Jupiter was of Saturn . 3. Jupiter is • 

feigned to be c Lord of the Heavens \ thus Cham had A 
frica , which Country is efteemed nearer the Heavens ; 
than other Countries, becaufe it has the Planets vertical, ' 
4. Jupiter gelded his Father,, which Stones feem to be ; 
taken from the twenty-fecond Verfe of the ninth? 
Chapter o tGencfis, where it is written, And Ham few \ 

the Neke chiefs of his Father, and cold ; or, and cut off f \ 
for fo it might, by Miftake, be read in the Ilebnv)\ 
Tongue, by altering only one or two Vowels. j 

Japhcl is the fame with Neptune 3 c for as Neptunt \ 
had the Command of the Sea, fo the Ifands and Lem* j 
field's fell chiefly to Jap bet's Lot. 



a Hebrews xi. 7. b Eaek. xliii. 2. * c Callimach. Hynin.,1 
nd Jovem. Lucan. 2. 9. d Et nuncia-uit , vajagged, pro quo^ 
facile legi potuit vejaggod, id eft, abfeidit ; turn maxintfj 
cum vocalia pun£ta nulladum eratu fublciipca confonanlibus»| 

c Laclantius de faiia Religione, 1 . 1. c. 1* 

But 




Buthowfhall we prove thatS*»2 was Pluto? What 
carried him into Hell ? Not his Piety and Holinefs, by 
which he excelled his Brothers, and glorified his own- 
Name ; But, perhaps, becaufe he was fo holy, and fo 
p-reat an Enemy to Idolatry, the Idolaters hated him 
vvhilft he lived, and endeavoured to blacken his Memo¬ 


ry when he died, by fending him to the Stygian Dark- 
nefs, and putting into his Hand the Sceptre of Hell. 


S E C X V. A Philofophical Senfe of the 

Fable . Saturn, Time. 

T HE Grech a Words fignifying Saturn and "Time 

differ only in one Letter ; from whence it is 
plain, that, by Saturn , Pune may be meant. And, on 
this Account, b Saturn is painted devouring his Chil¬ 
dren, and vomiting them up again ; as indeed Time de¬ 
vours and confumcs all Things which it has produced, 
which at length revive again, and are as it were re¬ 
newed. 

Orelfe, Days, Months, and Years are the Children 
of Time, which he conftantly devours and produces a - 
new*. 

Sometimes he is painted in the Midi! betwixt two 
young Boys and two Girls -> and Tune is furrounded 
by the different Seafons of the Year, as Parents are by 
their Children. 

Laftly, as Saturn has his Scythe , fo has Tune too, 
with which he mows down all Things ; neither can 
the hardeft Adamant withftand the Edge thereof. 


a Kp-froj, Saturnus, xpovos Tempus. 

b Cicero z. de Nat. Orph. in Hymn, ad Saturn. JEfchyl. 
in Eumen, 


L 2 


CHAP. 

% 


148 Of the Gods of the Heathenst 


CHAP. 'll. 

SECT. I. Janus, his Image . 


P0 f~\ Strange !• What is this ? An image with two 

Faccs, and one Plead only ! 


H 4 f. It is fo ; and by thofe f'aces he fees the Things 
placed both before and behind him. It is '"(amis the 
two-faced God \ holding a Key in his Right-hand, 
and a Rod in his Left. Beneath his Feet you foe 
twelve Altars. If he could lay afide that Rod and 
Key, perhaps, according to his Cuftom, he would ex- 
prcls to you the Number Three-Hundred with one 
Hand, and the Number Sixty-Five by the other 5 by 
differently moving, bending, and weaving his Fingers. 
P. I do not thoroughly underftand your Meaning, 
M. You will presently clearly and perfectly under¬ 
ftand both what 1 fay, and what you fee with your Eyes. 
Stay a little, till I explain the Four in oft remarkable 
Names of this God : For, in fo doing, I fhall not only 
explain this Picture, but alfo tell you whatever Things 
arc neceftary concerning Janus in this Place. 


a Bifrons Deus, Ovid.- 

SEC T. II. Names and Adi ions of Janus. 

S OME a fay that Janus was the Son of Cashs and 
Hecate : And that his Name was given him b from 
a Word figniTying to go or pals through. From whence 
it is , that c Thoroughfares are called , in the Plural Num- 


a Arnob. cont. Gentes. b Janus quafi Ganns abeuvdc . 
c Unde fit, ut tranfitiones perviae Jani (plurali numero) fo¬ 
re bue in liminibusprofanarum tedium januas dicer entur.. Cic. 
2. do Nat. 3. 



pl.m 


Pqqe z4-8 







































































































































































































































































































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . *49 


i f Tani \ and the Gates before the Doors of private 
jjhufeSi januse. A Place at JZmw* was called >' am 3 
a where were three Images of 'Janus : hi this Place 
Ufuivrs and Creditors always met to pay and receive 
Money- And this Place is mentioned both by b Tally 


and c Horace. • . 

he is painted with two Faces, fo he is called by 

Pifl d Bifrons , and by OwV fc Biceps,: Becaufe, fo 
rrreat was his Prudence, that he faw both the Things 
pair, and thofe which were future. Or, elfe, becaufe 
by Ja?ius the World was thought to be meant, view¬ 
ing‘with its two Faces the principal Quarters of it, the 
Eaft and Wed: He is alfo deferibed f zvithjour Faces , 
from the four Quarters of the World-; becaufe he go¬ 
verns them by his Counfel and Authority. Orbecaufe, 
as he is Lord of the Day, with his two Faces, he ob- 
ferves both the Morning and the Evening ; as s Horace 


fays. 

When Romulus , King of the Romans > made a League 
with Tail us. King of ihe Sabines, they fet up an Image 
o Vjanus Bifons , intended thereby, to reprefent h both 
Nations, between which the Peace was concluded, 

a Acron. in Horat. 1. 2 . Sat. 8 . b Viri optimi.ad me¬ 
dium [anurn fedentes. Cicero de Ofiic. 2 . Dempiler. in Pa- 
ralip. c Imus So fummus Janus. Horat. 1. 1. ep. 1 . fl Virg. 
12 iEncid. 

L ' Jane Biceps anni facile labenils imago> 

Solus de fipsris , qui fact terga *uideu 
Thou, Double Pate, the fliding Year doll: /hew, 
r i he only God that thine own Back canil view* 
Quadrifrons. 

S Matitt'me patci *, feu Jane, libenfior audit. 

Unde homines eperum primes njitaeque labores 
luftituunt —— 

Old Janus, if you pleafe, grave two-fac’d Father, 

•O.r elfe bright God o’the Morning, chu/eyou whether. 
Who dat’ii the Lives and Toils of mortal Men, 
h EfFecerunt Emulacrum Jano Bifronti quail ad imaginem 
duorum populoram. Seivius in izA^neid. 

Jj Numa 



150 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Nu?na afterwards built a Temple., which had double 
Doors, and dedicated it to that fame "Janus . When 
Falifcl , a City of Heiruria , was taken, a an 

Image of Janus found ivhhfour Faces ; whereupon the 
Temple of Janus had four Gates. But of that Tem¬ 
ple we fhall fpeak by and by. 

He was called 'Turnkey , or Club-bearer? [Claviger} 
from the and j&yi in his Hands. He held the 
Rod, becaufe he was the b Guardian cf the TVciys\ and 
the Keys, for thefe Reafons : 

1. He was the Inventer of Locks, Doors, and Gates, 
which are called Jamice? after his Name \ and himfclf 
is called c Janitor , becaufe Doors were under his Pro- 
ted! ion. 

2. He is the Janitor of the Year, and of all the 
Month* ? the firfE of which takes the Name of January 
from him. To Juno belong the Calends of the Months, 
and {he committed them to his Care, wherefore he is 
called by fome Junonius , and <] Martial takes Notice, 
that the Government of the Year was committed to him; 
for which Reafon, c twelve Altars were dedicated to him, 
according to the Number of the Months 5 as there were 
alfo twelve fmall Chapels in his Temple. f The Con- 
fids were, among the Romans? inaugurated in the Tem¬ 
ple of Janus , who were from thence faid s to open the 
Tear . Upon the Calends of January (and as Macroom 
fays on the Calends of March) a new Laurel was hung 


a Captis Falifcis inventum eft fimulacrum jani Quadri- 
frontis, Servius in 7. ^Eneid. b Redior viarum. Lil. Gyr. 
- c Gra:ce GupuToz* 

d aI nnerum , vitidique fatcr pttlcherritne mundi. 

Gay Founder of the World, and of our Years. 

Mari . 1 . 10. Epigy- 28. 
e Van lib. Human. Sidon. Apollin. Carm. 7. 1. Sat. 
c. 12. f Sidon. ibid. sAperire annum. Vide Lexicogr. 

upon 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . i % x 

•upon the Statue of Janus 9 and the old Laurel taken 
away 5 of which Cuftom a Ovid makes mention. 

P. Was this done, becaufe he was the Inventer of 
Laurel Garlands ? 

M . Pliny thought not. but believed this Cuftom was 
occafioned, becaufe Janus rules over the Year ; b The 
Statue , fays he, of Jan us, which was dedicated by Numa, 
bad its Fingers jo cotnpofed , to Jignify the Number of 
Three'hundred' Jixty-five Days \ to Jheiv that Janus was cl 
God , by his Knowledge in the Year , .and Thne and Ages . 
c He had not thefe Figures deferibed on his Hand, but 
had a peculiar Way of numbering them, by bending, 
ftretching, or mixing his Fingers , of which Numera¬ 
tion many are the Opinions of Authors. 

3. He holds a Key in his Hand, becaufe he is, as it 
were, the fl Door through which the Prayers of Mankind 
have Accefs to the Gods. For, in all the Sacrifices, 
Prayers were firft offered up to Janus . And If anus him- 
felf gives the fame Reafon, c as we find in Ovid y why* 
before Men facrificed to any of the other Gods, they 
firft rfWc'o Sacrifice to him. Rut Fefius gives another 


• « •* 


a Lanrea Fland ;ii busquee loto perfiitit a?vno y 

Tcl/itur , & frondes funt in hot?., re nova:. Fall. I. 3. 

The Laurel, that the former Year did- gface, 

T’ a frefh and verdant Garland yields his Place. 
b Qnod Janus Geminus aNuma Rege dicatus digitis ha 
iiguratis ut trecentorum quinquaginta quinqne (fexaginta 
quinque alii legunt) dierum nota, per fignificationem anni, 
temporis. Sc asvi, fe Deum ihdicaret. Piinius, Vide etiam 
Athen. L 34. c. 7. & Lil. Gyr. c Tiraq. Lil. Gyr* Apu«> 
leii 2. Apol. See, d Arnob. contra (Rentes. 

Cur quemvis aliorum nutnina placem 9 
Jane , tibi primzmi thura merunique fero P 
Vi poffis adit urn per me, qui limit: a fervo , 

Ad quojeunque voles, inquit , habere deos* Ovid, Fall. 1 . U 
Why is’t that, tho’’ I other Gods adore, 

I firft mu ft Janus ? Deity implore ? 

Becaufe I hold the Door, by which Accefs 
Is had to any God you would addrefs. 

L 4 


Reafon 


152 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


Rcafon why Prayers and Sacrifices were, in the firft 
Place, offered to 'Jama \ to wit, hecaufe Men thought that 
all Things took, their Seine; from '} 'anus- therefore thev 
iirie made their Supplications to him as to a common 
Father. For though the Name :l Father is given to ail 
the Gods, yet 'Janus v/as particularly called by this 
Name. Ke firft built Temples and Altars, b and infti- 



offered to any other Deity . Frankincenfe was never of¬ 
fered to him, though Ovid mentions it in the Vcrfes 
adjoined, which therefore he infers either by Poetical 
Liccnfe, or only in refpeft to the Sacrifices which were 
in ufe in his Time. For as d Pliny writes, ’They did not 
facrifiee with Frankincenfe in the Times of the ‘ Trojans , 
Neither does Homer in the leait mention Frankincenfe 
in any Place, where he fpeaks concerning Sacrifices; 
which fo ex aft an Author would never have omitted, if 
it had been in ufe. Neither do I find a Greek Word 
that properly figniiies Thus ; for S vou 9 [ T'hnon ] or S««, 
\T'huio?i~\ fignifies not only Thus , but any odoriferous 
Smell. He was alfo called Patulcius and Chiftus , or 
Patulacius and Clujius \ from c opening and /hutting \ for 
in the Time of tine War ‘Janus’ s 'Temple was open, but 
fhut in Time of Peace. This Temple was founded by 
Romulus and Tint ins 9 and, as I faid before, Hu via or¬ 
dained that it fhould be opened when the Romani 


a Quod fucrit omnium primus a quo rerum omnium fac¬ 
tum putabant initium : Ideo ei fupplicahant velut paienti. 
Feilus, I. 3. in verbo Chaos. b Virg. FEneid. 8. Juvenal. 

Sat; 6. Servius in 2 Georg. c Proptcreaque in Omni fa- 

crificio perpetua ei prrefatioprrEmittitur, farque alli Sc vinum 
praslibatur. Fab. Pied. 1 . 1. de Anr. Lat. d Iliads Tern- 
poribus Thure non fupplicatum, Plin. 1 . 13. c. 1. Vide 
Dempfh in Paivilip. e a patendo vel patefaciendo Sc clau- 

dendo.. Servius in 1. /Eneid. Claud, de Hon. 6. Conf. 

waged 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 153 

waged War,' but fhut when they enjoyed Peace. l£ 
is op- :> »:i Time of War, becaufe a Spring of hoc 
.• ;ofe out of the Place v/here this Temple ftands* 
v/hen Romulus fought with the Sabines , and forced the 
Ericmv to march away therefore in War they opened 
tiiat Temple, hoping for the fame or the like Aflift- 
anc ej or, it may he, rather, a becaufe they that go to 
War, ought to think of Peace, and wifh for a quick 
Return into their Native Country. 

Ovid mentions both thefe Names of Janus in a 
b Dibich, and firgil defcribes c the Manner and Occa- 
fion of opening his Temple, and the d Confequences 



a Serv. in 7. AEneid. 

b Nomina ride bis, moefb namque Pat nidus idem, 

Et me do finer ifico Clufius ore vocor. 

The Pricfl this Moment me Patulcius calls, and then 
Ne;:t Moment me he Clufius names again. 
c Sunt geniinai belli port re (fie nomine die unt) 

Religione finer re & jd-uifor mi dine Mart is. 

Centum rerei claudunt ucd/es rsiernaqueferri 
Rob or a ; ne: cufios abfifiit limine Janus. 

Has ubi cert a j'edct pat ribus font end a pugnre , 

Ipje dpuirinali trabea cindluque Gabino 

Lfignis, refer at Jiridentia limina C onfiul . , AEneid. 1. j „ 

Two Gates of Steel (the Names of Mars they bear) 

And bill are worfhipp’d with religious Fear, 

, Before his Temple band ; the dire Abode 
And the fear’d I hues of the furious God, 

Are fenc’d with brazen Bolts ; without the Gates 
The weary Guardian Janus doubly waits. 

Then when the facred Senate votes the Wars, 

The Roman Conful their Decree declares. 

And in his Robes the founding Gates unbars. 
d Afper a turn pefitis mitcficcnt Jrccula bellis : 

Cana fides, & Fefia, Remo cum firaire Quirinus 
Jura dab unt : dir a ferro & comp agi bus ardi is 
Claudentur belli port re. Furor impius intus , 

Smuci fedens fiuper arma, & Centura <uin dins ahenis 
Pojt ter gum nodis, fir emit horridus ore entente . Then 




2 £4 °f t ' he Gods of the Heathens . 

of fhutting it again. It is very flrange, that within t!i e 
Space of feven hundred Years, this Temple of Janus 
was fhut only a thrice ; once by Numa ; the fecond 
Time by the Confuls Marcus Attilius and Titus Man¬ 
lius , after the Carthaginian War : And laftly, by Ail 
gujluss after the Victory at Aoiium. 

Then dire Debate, and impious War fhall ceafe 
And the item Age be foften’d into Peace : 

Then banifh’d Faith fhall once again return. 

And Veflal Fires in hollow Temples burn ; 

And Remits with ipuirinus fhall fuflain 

The righteous Laws, and Fraud and Force reftraia. 
Janus himfelf before his Fane fhall wait. 

And keep the dreadful Iflues of his Gate 
With Bolts and iron Bars. Within remains 
Xmprifon’d Fury, bound in brazen Chains ; 

High on a Trophy rais’d of ufelefs Anns 
He fits, and threats the World with vain Alarms, 

* Liv. 1 . 2. Orof. I. 5. cap. 12. Dio. 1 . 51; 


SECT. III. An Explan at i on of the Fable . 
Janus, the Emblem ^/Prudence. 

WIT E majj fee in this Story of b Janus (whom feme 
V V call AW;, fome Ogyges , fome a Prieft, a Philo¬ 
sopher, and a Divine ; and fome an ancient King of 
Italy 1 who was the Founder of the Town JanicuJum) 
in this Fable of Janus we may behold, I fay, the Re- 
prefiniation of a very prudent Perfon $ wbofe Wifdom, 
c ’Fully fays, confifts in the Remembrance of Things pof 9 
and in the Forefigbt of Things to come . The prudent Man 
ought therefore to have , as it were* two Faces ; that 
according to his natural Sagacity of Mind and Ripe- 
nefs of Judgment, observing both Things paft and fu- 


^Munft. 2. Cofm. 9. Fab. Pi 61 . 

Tn printer! to rum Memoria & Providentia futurorum. 
Tal. de Senedtute, 

lure. 


Of the Gads of the Heathens . 155 

ture, he may he able to difcern the Caufes and Begin¬ 
nings, the Progrefs, and, as it were, the fore-running 
i-Vudents of ail "Things; that he may be able to draw 
JJkenefles, to make Corriparifons, to obferve Confe- 
G'.iences, and perceive Futurities ; and, by a v/ife Con - 
neftion of Caufes and Events, be able to join "Tilings 
prefent with Things to come, and Things future with 
Things part. 

The prudent Perfon has the Key of all Things : Nothing 
is fo obfcure, that his Underftanding cannot compre¬ 
hend ; nothing is fo fecret and private, that his Confi- 
deration and Care cannot detcft and lay open ; nothing 
fo hard and intricate, that his Quicknefs and Dexterity 
cannot explain and unfold. With this Key he exa¬ 
mines all the Ways of Bufinefs, and finds which are 
the molt proper ; he fees the Difpofition of Times, and 
the Exigencies of Affairs ; he removes the Difficulties 
and the Bars that lie in his "Way ; he publiflies as much 
as is ufeful, and conceals clofely whatfoever will be 
hurtful to him. With this Key he lays open for him- 
felf a Paflage into the Friendfhip of others, he infinu- 
ates him felf into the inward Recedes of their Breafls ; 
he learns their mod fecret Counfels, their moft referved 
Thoughts; he refolves Myfteries,and penetrates Things 
unknown, and reeks and finds, and views Objects the 
mod remote from the common Senfeof the World. 

Janus firft inftituted Altars, Temples, and Sacrifices. 
Thus it is a Sign of the higheft Prudence and Under- 
{landing to pay due Honour to the Almighty, to reve¬ 
rence his Power, to propagate his Worfhip, and magnify 
his Glory. And as Men offered firft to Janus in all 
Sacrifices, becaufe of his exemplary Holinefs and Pie¬ 
ty ; fo how much the more Worfhip Men pay to Gody 
fo much the more Honour fhall they receive both from 
God and Men, as the Precepts and Examples in the 
Holy Scripture do abundantly certify. 


CHAPc 



* 5 6 

CHAP. III. 

SECT . L Vulcan. 

p. T'VHeavens! I think I fee a Blackfmith among 

the Gods. 

M. Very true : He is both a Smith and a God, by 
Name Vulcan. He has a Shop in the Iiland Lemnos\ 
where he exercifes his Trade, and where, though he 
is a God himfeif, he made Jupiter’s Thunder, and the 
Arms-of the other Gods. 

P. If he was a God, what Misfortune drove him to 
the Forge, and tied him to fuch a naffy Employment? 

M. His Deformity, I believe. a He was born of 
Jupiter and Juno ; fome fay, of only; and being 
contemptible for his Deformity, he was cart down from 
Heaven into the Iiland Lemnos , (whence he is called 
Leinnh's ;) he broke his Leg with the Fall, and if the 
Lemnians had not caught him when he fell, he had-cer¬ 
tainly broke his Neck; he has. ever fince been lame. 
In Requital of their ICindnefs, he fixed his Scat amongft 
them, acid fet up the Craft of a Smith ; teaching them 
the manifold U/es of Fire and Iron ; and, from /often- 
ing and poh/hing Iron , b he received the Name Mulct * 
her , or Mulcifer. 

This nafty deformed Smith , which you will wonder 
to hear, obtained in Marriage the mofl beautiful God- 
defs Venus ; and not Ions? after, when he caught her 
anc! Mars committing Adultery, he linked them toge¬ 
ther with Chains, and expofed them to the Laughter 
of all the Gods. He defired mightily to marry Mi- 
xeructy and Jupiter confented, yielding up the Virgin 


p Phurnut. de Nat. Deor. Heflod. Lucian, de Sacrific. 
"Virg. yEneid. 6. b a xnulcendo ferro. Vide Lucan. 

h 1. 


Of the Gods of the Heat teens* 


to 


Pctpe- //>6. 




















































































Of the Gods of the Heathens 


7 

1 0 / 


to the Will of this nafty Wretch. But fhe refilled 
his Attempts, and in the Struggle his Nature fell from 
him upon the Earth, and produced the Monfter Erich- 
thoniits , Erich then s> or E richth aniens, who was a Boy 
with Dragon’s P'eet; to hide the monftrous Deformity 
of which, he fir ft invented Chariots. ‘Jupiter (as £ 
faid) confented that Vulcan fliould marry Minerva, if 
he could overcome her Mode fly. For, when Jidcan 
made Arms for the Gods, Jjup iter gave him Leave to 
chufc out of the Goddefies a Wife, and he chofe Mi¬ 
nerva: But he admonifhed Minerva , at the fame 'Lime, 
to refufe him, and preferve her Virginity, as fhe did 
admirably well. 

At Rome were celebrated the Vulcanic?, a Feafts in 
Honour of Vulcan ; at which they threw Animals into 
the Fire to be burnt to Death. The Athenians infti- 
tuted other Feafts to his Honour called Chaleea. A 
Temple befides was dedicated to him upon the Moun¬ 
tain b /Etna, from which he is fometimes named /Ef- 
i\tens. This Temple was guarded by Dogs, c whole 
Senfe of Smelling was fo exquifue, that they could dif- 
cern, whether the Perfons that came thither were 
Chafte and Religious, or whether they were Wicked : 
They ufed to meet, and Ratter, and follow the Good* 
efteeming them the Acquaintance and Friends of f'zd- 
con their Mafter ; but they barked and flew at the Bad;, 
and never left off tearing them, ’till they had driven 
them away. 

P, I have heard, unlefs lam mi (taken, that this Vnt~ 
can, by 'Jupiter s Command, made a living l-Vonion . Is 
it true ? 


M. It is a comical Thing to expedf Truth in Fallen 
It is indeed feigned, that the firft Woman was fafhion- 
ed by the Hammer of Vulcan , and that every God 


Ita difl'US dMi T'hc \c\iqc Keel yJ)A' 

terra. Vide Virg. 3 Georg 
b Var. ap. LiL c Pollux, 1 . 7. 


ex con tent lone 


apud LiL Gyr. 



'i 1 




I £ 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

gave her fome Prefent, whence ffce was called P an . 
dor a . Pallas gave her Wifdom, Apollo the Art of 
Mufick, Mercury the Art of Eloquence, Venus g;ue 
her Beauty, and the reft of the Gods gave her other 
Accomplishments. a They fay alfo, that when Pro,, 
onethcits flole Fire from Heaven, to animate the Man 
xvhich he had made, 'Jupiter was incenfed, and font 
Pandora to Prometheus with a fealed Box, but Prome¬ 
theus would not receive it. He fent her with the fame 
Box again to the Wife of Epimethctts , the Brother of 
Prometheus; and file, out of a Curiofity natural to her 
Sex, opened it, which as foon as fhe had done, all Sorts 
of Difeafes and Evils, with which it was filled, flew 
among ft Mankind, and have infefted them ever fince, 
And nothing was. left in the Bottom of the Box, but 
Hope . 


a Paufan. in At. 


SECT. II. ''The Cyclops, Servants to 

V ULC AN, 


P. IirHAT black 

W thofe ? 

M. "They are Vulcan’s Servants, and work with him 
in his Shop. They were called b Cyclops , becaufe they 
had but one Eye, which was in the Middle of their 
Foreheads, of a Circular Figure : Neptune and Amphi- 
trite were their Parents. And the c Names of three of 
them were Brontes , Steropes , and Pyracinon; befides 


, nafty, one-eyed Fellows are 


b A kvi #^* circulus, & oculus. 
c Per rum exercchaut njaflo Cyclopes in antro . 
j Bronte/que, Steropefque* nudus membra Pjracmon . 

On their eternal Anvils here he found 

The Brethren beating, and the Blows go round. Virg* 

which) 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* ' i ^ 

tybicb, there were many more whofe Names are not 
mentioned, who all exercifed a the Art of Smithery 
under Vulcan , as we are taught by Virgil. 


a ———— Alii <vento/is fellibus auras 
Ac dpi wit redduntquc : aliiJiridcntia tin gun t 
JErci lacu ; gemit bnpoftis incudibus antrum* 
llli inter fife midi a <vi brachia tollunt 
In numerum, ‘verfantque tenact fcrcipe ferriem. 

Gnedirs the Fire, one the Bellows blows. 

The biffing Steel is in the Smithy drown’d ; 

The Grot with beaten Anvils groans around : 

By Turns their Arms advance, in equal Time ; 

By Turns their Hands defeend, and Hammers chime ^ 
They turn the glowing Mafs with crooked Tongs ; 

The fiery Work proceeds with ruilic Songs. 


SECT. III. Cacus and C^tculus^ Sens 

Vulcan and Polyphemus. 

pACUS was the vileft of Rogues, his Name was 
^ given him b from his Wickednefs. He tormented 
all Latium with his Fires and Robberies ; living like a 
Bead: in a difmal Cave. He ftole Hercules*$ Oxen* 
and dragged them backwards by their-Tails into, his 
Cave, that fo the Track of their Feet might not difeo- 
ver this Repofitory of his Thefts. Rut Hercules , pa(F~ 
ing by, heard the Lowing of the Oxen in the Cave- 
broke open the Doors, and feizing the Villain, c put 



fci > « \ ^ ~ N 1 

At to m xecnti, a maio. 

c -- Cdcum in tenebris incendia vara uj omen fern 

Corripit , in nodum complex us ; id an pit iuhecrens 
Elifos oculos , id fccu?n /anguine gun nr. Yirg± 

The Monfier fpewing fruiclefs Flames he found ; 

He fqueez’d hig Throat, he wreath’d his Neck aroun 
And in a Knot his crippled Members bound : 

Then from the Sockets tore his burning Eyes ; 
Roll’d on a Heap the breathlefs Robber lies. 


hun 



16 o Of the Gods of the ITeathens* 

him to Death. a His Cave was fo dark that it admit¬ 
ted not the leaft Ray of Light. The Floor of it was 
red with the Blood perpetually filed upon ir, and the 
Heads and Limbs of the Men he had murdered were 
faftened to the Poffs of the Doors. 

Cecculus alfo lived by Plunder and Robbery. He was 
fo called from the Smallnefs of his I£ycs (it is thought 
the noble Family of the Ccecilii at Jio?nc derived their 
Original from him.) Whilft his Mother fat by the 
Fire, a Spark flew into her Lap ; hereupon fhe grew 
big with Child, and, within the uf'ual Time, fhe brought 
forth this Son ; who was afterwards the Founder of the 
City Preenejle. b Others fay, that the Shepherds found 
Cecculus unhurt in the Midfl of the Fire, as foon as he 
was horn ; from whence he was thought to be the Son 
of Vulcan. 

To thefe Servants and Sons of Vid can , add the 
Shepherd Polyphemus , a Monfter not unlike them, born 
of Neptune. For, he had but one Eye in his Fore- 
Tread like the Cyclops 5 and he got his Living by Mur¬ 
ders and ^Robberies, like Cacas and Cesc ulus. c This 


* Hie fpelunca fuit <vafto fubmota receffic 
Sermhominis Caci ; facies quean dir a tegebat 
Solis inacccjfam radiis ; femperque recenti 
Cccde tepebat humus ; foribus affix a fuperbis 
Ora <virum trip 's pendebant pallida tabo. 

Hide menftro Videanus crat pater : illius atros 
Ore womens ignes magna fe moleperch at . 

? Twas once a Robber’s Den, inclos’d around 
With living Stone, and deep beneath the Ground,. 
The Monfter Cacus , more than half aBeaft, 

This Hold, impervious to the Sun, poflefs’d; 

The Pavements ever foul with human Gore ; 

Heads, and their mangled Members . h.ung the Door, 
Venus this Plague begot; and, like his Sire, 

Black Clouds he belch’d, and Flames of livid Fire- 
b Virgil. ^Eneid. 7. 

c Vifcerthus mijerorum ,, & fanguine wefcitur ciiro. 

Vidi egemet , duo de numero cum corpora, noftro 
Prenja manu magna t , ?nedio refupinus in antro , 


Monfler 


Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 16 1 

Rtfcnfters drew four of Ulyfles's Companions into his 
pen, in Sicily , and devoured therm He thought too* 
that the reft of Ulyjfts’s Servants could not efcape his 
Jaws. But UlyJJes made him drunk with Wine, and 
then with a Firebrand quite put out his Sight, and 

efc aped. 

_ ♦ 

■ .- H . p — — J 1 — 1 r ■» ■ . . .mu 

F range ret ad faxtun : Janieque afperfa natarent 
Li min a : vidi, afro cum membra fluent i ci tabo 
Manderet, & tepidi tremerent flub dentibus artus* 

Hand impure qtddem nec tali a paffits Uhjfls^ 

Obliitfqua fui efl Itbacus diferimine tamo. 

Nam fimul exp let us dapibus , <znnoque fepultus 
Cer-uicem inflexciisi pofuit , jacuitque per antrum 
Immcnfum, flaniem eruSians , ac fruflra cruento 
Per Jbmnttm commixta mero ; nos tnagna precati 
Namibia, fortitique vices, una undique circutn 
Fundimur, & telo lumen terebramus acuto 
Inge ns : quod torvd fcliim flub fronte latebat , 

Argolici clypei aut Phsebceat lampadis inflar. Virg. JEn. 3, 
The Joints of flaughter’d Wretches are his Food, 

And for his Wine he quaHs the learning Blood : 

1 hefe Eyes beheld, when with his fpacious Hand 
He feiz’d two Captives of our Grecian Band ; 

Stretch’d on his Back, he dafh’d again ft the Stones 
Their broken Bodies, and their crackling Bones. 

With {pouting Blood the purple Pavement fwims. 

While the dire Glutton grinds the trembling Limbs. 

Not unreveng’d Ulvffes bore their Fate, 

Nor thoughtlefs of his own unhappy State : 

For, gorg’d with Flefh, and drunk with human Wine, 
Whilft fall afleep the Giant lay fupine ; 

Snoring aloud, and belching from his Maw 
His undigefled Foam and Morfels raw; 

We pray, we cafl the Lots ; and then furround 
The monflrous Body, ftretch’d along the Grounds 
Each, as he could approach him, lends a Hand 
To bore his Eye-ball with a flaming Brand : 

Beneath his frowning Forehead lay his Eye, 

For only one did this vafi Frame fupply ; 

But that a Globe fo large, his Front it fill’d. 

Like the Sun’s Dilk, or like the Grecian Shield. 

M SECT, 



■162 Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 

% 

SECT. IV. 'The Signification of the Fable, 
Vulcan*, a Symbol of^Two Sorts of Fire, 

T HAT by Vulcan is underflood Fire, the Name 

itfelf difeovers, if we believe a Varro , who fays 
that the Word Vulcanus is derived from the Force and 
Violence of Fire : And therefore he is painted with a 
blue Hat, b which is a Symbol of the Celejlial or Ele¬ 
mentary Fire , which is by Nature clear and unmixed 
whereas the Co?nmo?iFire , that is ufed on Earth, is weak* 
and wants continual Fire to fupport it, and therefore 
Vulcan is faid to be lame. c He is faid to have been caft 
down from-Heaven, becaufe the Lightning comes from 
the Cloud3, and to have fallen into Lemnos , becaufe 
Lightning often falls into that Jfland. 

But let us a little conhder the Flames of Love •, for 
Vulcan married Venus . If you admire, therefore, fo 
fair, fo delicate, fo beautiful a Goddefs fliould be a Wife 
to fo deformed and black a God , you mufl fuppofe that 
Vulcan is the Fire, and Vc?ms the Flame : And is not 
the Union between Fire and Flame very proper ? But 
this Fire is kindled in Hell, and blowed by the Cy¬ 
clops: And thofe who are addifted to Venery, are let 
on Fire with- thefe Flames; for when a Flame, kindled 
by the Eyes of a beauteous Woman, fets the Break on 
Fire, how violent is the Combuftion, how great the 
Havock, how certain the Deftrudlion ? Hence comes 
theLover’s Anguifh: Deadnefs. and Faintnefs over- 
fpread his. Face,, his Eyes are dull and heavy, his. 
Cheeks meagre and wan, his Countenance puts on 
the Palenefs of Afhes, which are fatal Arguments of 
a fpreading Fire within,, that confumes and preys upon 
- ■ ■" ■■■..-■ ■ ■ — . 

a Vulcanus quafi Volicanus, quod ignis per aerem volitet; 
vel a vi ac vi'olentia ignis.- Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. b Serv. 8, 

^neid, Eufeb.. de Prasp. Evang.. c Servius, ibid*. 

the 




K 

? 

r/ 

► 

n * 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


163 


M * 


W 


(he interior Parts. But when Impudence has blown 
the Coals, fo that Modefty can put no further Stop to 
the Rage and Violence of this Flame ; when this hel- 
]jfh Offspring breaks forth, and by Degrees gathers 
Strength 3 Good God ! How does it fpread, rage, and 
increase ? With what Fury and Violence does it bear 
down and deftroy every Thing ? By this Flame Semele 
was confumed 3 Hercules's Strength was an eafy Prey- 
to it 3 and hereby the ftrongeft Towers and ftatelieft 
Palaces of ‘Troy were confumed and reduced to A flies. 

Have you given yourfelf up to Venus ? She will 
make you a Vulcan : She will make you filthy, nafty, 
and black as Hell : She will darken your Underftand- 
ing, though you are in the Midft of Fire : For the Fire 
of Venus gives no Light, but brings the greateft Dark- 
nefs 3 it freezes and ftupifies the Soul, while the Body 
is thawed and melted into Pleafurcs. How fad is the 
Fate of an effeminate Man? His Toil and Labour is 
like the Work of Vulcan 3 for he who defperately loves 
a Woman, takes a burning Iron into his Bread; his 
Houfe is a Forge, he labours and toils to (often her 
Temper more tha nVulca?i fweats to fafhion thehardeffc 
Steel 3 he negledts the Care of himfelf to make her 
fine and handfome. Again, how many Eftates are 
melted in Luft’s Furnace ? How many Pofleflions re¬ 
duced to Allies, till nothing but Drofs is left, and the 
Nobility and Honour of their Families difappear and 
vanilh in Smoke ? 

No Fuel can fatisfy this Fire 5 the Heat of it never 
decreafeth, it never cools 3 for Venus blows it with Sighs, 
kindles it with Tears, and foments it with proud Dif- 
dain and Coldnefs. Her Kindnefs is Cruelty, her 
Pride is infnaring. What ’Wonder is it then, that fo 
many Vulcans , not only in Lemnos , but every-where, 
make Thunder at this Forge, which will fall on their, 
ovvn Heads ; by which they are caft headlong from 
Heaven to Earth, that is, from the highefl: Degree of 
happinefs to the loweft Vale of Mifery : From which 

M 2 Fall 



164 Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 

% 

Fall comes Lamenefs never to be cured; the re are the 
FfFefts of the Love of Venus . If you will believe me, 
a I believe the Poet, who, in a witty Epigram, fays the 
fame Thing. 


'Yiov K tov ywccTv-O!, h wv Ap^cdi t 

3 Oy« tov croSss ov 

Cupid is Vulcan's Son, his Wife, 

No Wonder then he goes lame all his Life 


1 


CHAP. IV. ! 

* 

JE © is u s -. 

IT ET us now blow out the Fire with the Wind. , 2nd 1 
1 j bring up Molus after Vulcan : For he who ftands :< 
next him is a Molus the God of the Winds , begotten by 
Jupiter,, of Acejla-ox Segejla, the Daughter of Hippota ; 
from whence he is named Hippotades .. He dwelt in. 
one of thofe feven Iflands, which, from him, are cal- , 
led Molice, and fometimes V ulcanice . He b was a fkil- ] 
ful Aftronomer, and an excellent natural Philofo- \ 
^her; he underftood more particularly the Nature of j 
the Winds : And becaufe, from the Clouds of Smoke 
of the Molian Iflands, he foretold Winds and Tem- ; 
pefts a great while before they arofe, it was generally 
believed that they were under his Power, and that; 
he could raife the Winds, or ftill them, as he pleaf- 
ed. And from hence he was filled Emperor, nnd^ 
fCinp* of the Winds-, (the Children of A fir tens and Ait‘ 


a Ovid.-Metam. 11 
Strab. ap..Serv. 


* 

b Palsephat, de incredibil. Var.- ; 

rora ]. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 165 

rora.) a Virgil describes Juno coming to him, at his 
Palace, of which he gives a Defcription in beautiful 

V erfe. 


» Nimb ovum in patriam, loca facta furentibus jtujlris > 
jEoliam <uenit : Hie <vaflo Rex- JEolus antro 
LuSIantes 'ventos,, tempejlatefqzte fonoras 
• Jmperio p remit, ac <vinclis It car cere frccnat. 

I Hi indigziantes , mag no cutn ?rzwmure, ??iontis 
Circzun claujlra fremunt ; celjh. fedet tEolus arcc , 

Sceptra lenens, mollitque ant mo s & temperat iras • 

J\fi faciat tJiaria, ac terras, cczrlumque prof nudum 
tpuippe ferant rapidi fecunz, errant qzte per auras . 

■ Sed pater omfiipotens fpeluttcis abdidit atris , 

Hoc nietuensi nwlemque, & montes infuper altos 
Jmpqfuit, Regemque dedit, quifeedere certo 
■.Et premere, & lax asfetr et darejajfus habenas . 

Thus rag’d the Goddefs, and, with Fury fraught. 
The reftlefs Regions of the Storms (he fought: 

Where, in a fpacious Cave of living Stone, 

The Tyrant J&elus, from his airy Throne, 

With Pow’r imperial curbs the (boggling Winds, 

And founding Tempefts in dark Prifon binds. 

This Way, and that, th’ impatient Captives tend. 
And preffing for Releafe, the Mountains rend. 

High in his Hall th' undaunted Monarch hands. 

And (hakes his Sceptre, and their Rage commands ; 
Which did he not, their unrefilled Sway 
Would fweep.the World before them in their Way : 
.Earth, Air, and Seas, thro'" empty Space would roul. 
And Heav'n would fly before the driving Soul. 

In Fear of this the Father oF the Gods 
Confin’d their Fury to thefe dark Abodes, 

And lock'd them fafe, opprefs’d with Mountam-JLoadt.; 
Impos’d a King with arbitrary Sway, 

To ioafe their Fetters, or their Force allay. 



M 3 


CHAP. 



166 Of the Gods of the'Heathens. 


CHAP. V. 

M O M U S. 

♦ 

P. 117 HO is this Mari) and what is his Name ? 

W Ad. Do you expert a Man among the 
Gods ? The Name of this God is Momus , a which 
Word in the Greek "Tongue fignifies a JeJler^ a Mocker , 
a Munich \ for that is his Bufinefs. He follows no Em¬ 
ployment, but lives an idle Life ; yet nicely obferves 
the.Actions and Sayings of the other Gods, and when 
he finds them doing amifs, or neglecting their Duty, 
he cenfures, mocks, and derides them with the g re a tell 
Liberty. 

Neptune , Vulcan , and Minerva may witnefs the 
Truth of this. They all contended which of them 
was the molt fkilful Artificer ; whereupon Neptune 
made a Bull, Minerva a Houfe, and Vulcan a Man; 
they made Momus Judge between them ;-but he chid 
them all three. He accufed Neptune of Imprudence; 
becaufe he placed not the Bull’s Horns in his Fore¬ 
head before his Eyes ; for then the Bull might give a 
ftrong and a furer Blow. Fie blamed Minerva , be¬ 
caufe her Houfe was immoveable, fo that it could not 
be carried away, if by Chance it was placed among ill 
Neighbours. But he faid, that Vulcan was the moll 
imprudent of them all, becaufe he did not make a Win¬ 
dow in the Man’s Bread, that he might fee what his 
Thoughts were, whether he dcfigned fome Trick, or 
yvhether he intended what he fpoke. 

P. "Who were the Parents of Momus? 

M. b Nox and Somnus begat him. .And, indeed, it 
is a Sign of a dull, drowfy, fottifh Difpofition, when 
\ve fee a Man cenTuring and difliking the Actions of 


all 


s M Spot irriforem fignificat* b Hefiod. in Theogon. 



TI. xv. 


&-Z0?. 
























Of the Gods of the Heathens . 167 

all other Men, when nothing but God is wholly per- 
fe<a, fomething is wanting to every Thing, fo that 
every Thing is defective, and liable to Cenfure. 


CHAP. VI. 

SECT. I. The Terrejlrial Goddefs, VestAo 

S HE 41 , whom you fee fitting and holding a Drum. 

is the Wife of Caelum , and the Mother of Saturn • 
She is the eldeft of the Goddefies. 

P. If fhe is the Wife of Caelum , why is fhe placed 
among thefe Terrejlrial Goddefies,, and not amongft 
the Celejlial rather ? 

M, Becaufe this Goddefs b Vejla is the fame with 
Terra , and has her Name c from Cl oath in g, becaufe 
Plants and Fruits are the Cloathing of the Earth . Or, 
d according to Ovid , the Earth is called Vejla from its 
Stability, becaufe it fupports itfelf. She fits, c becaufe 
the Earth is immoveable, and is placed in the Centre 
of the World. Vejla has a Drum, becaufe the Earth 
contains the boifterous Winds in it-s Bofom. And di¬ 
vers Flowers weave themfelves into a Crown, with 
which her Head is crowned. Several Kinds of Ani¬ 
mals creep about and fawn upon her. Becaufe the 
Earth is round, Vejla 's Temple at Rome was alfo round, 
and fome fay that the Image of VJla was orbicular in 


a Virg. 9. ^Sneid. % .Plat. 1 . I. Prim. frig. c Quod 
plantis frugibufque Terra veftiatur. d Vella a villa ado 

d-ickur. • 


Slat <vi terrafua , Vijlando Vejla : vocatur . Ovid. Fall. 1 . 6 - 
Ey its own Strength fupported Terra Hands : 

Hence it is Vejla nam’d. 

* Var. ap.. Aug. 7. de Civ. Cicero de Somno Hecat* 
Milef, general. Phurnutias; 




168 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

fome Places, but a Ovid fays her Image was rucle and 
fhapelefs. And from hence round Tables are anciently 
called b Vefla^ becaufe like the Earth, they fupply all 
Neceflaries of Life for us. c It is no Wonder that the 
firft Oblations in all Sacrifices were offered to her, 
fmee whatfoever is facrificed fprings from the Earth. 
And the <l Greeks both began and concluded their Sa¬ 
crifices with Vejia 5 becaufe they efteemed her the Mo¬ 
ther of all the Gods . 

P. I wifh that you would refolve one Doubt, which 
I ftill have concerning this Goddefs. How can Vejia be 
the fame with c Terra 7 when nothing is more frequent 
among Mythologifts than to fignify Fire by Vejia ? 

M.. I perceive I do not deal with a Novice : I will 
fatisfy your Doubts. There were two Vcjlc? s, the El¬ 
der and the Younger. The firft, of whom I have been 
fpeaking, was the Wife of Caelum^ and the Mother of 
Saturn. The fecond was the Daughter of Saturn by 
his Wife Rhea . And as the firft is the fame with Ter* 
ra , as I have already faid, fo the other is the fame with 
Ignis : And c her Power was excrcifed about Altars and 
Houfes. The Word Vejia is often put for Fire itfelf, 
for it is derived from a f Greek Word which iignifics a 
Chimney , a Houfe > or Houflwld-goods. e She is efteem¬ 
ed the Prefideht and Guardian of Houfes , and one of the 
Houfhold Deities, not without Reafon ; fince file in¬ 
vented the Art of Building of Houfes: And therefore 
an Image of Vejia , to which they facrificed every Day, 
was placed before the Doors of the Houfes at Rome> 

a Ejfgietn nullam V'(jla nec.ignis babet . Ovid. Fall. 1 . 6 . 

No Image Vefta s Shape can e’er exprefs, * 

Or Fire’s-—- - 

b Plutarch, in Sympof. c Horn, in Hymn. d Ap.Lil. 
Gyr. 1. Strabo. 

c Hujus vis omnis ad aras foeos pertinet , Cic. de Nat. 
Deor. Lb. 2. r Ducitur a Grreco nomine erlaquod fccunh 
penatetn, domumfgnificat, £ Horn, in Hymn. Vi rg. 2. 

& Georg. 1- Eugraphius in And.Terent. Ad:. 4. Sc. 3. 

and 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 169 

and the Places where thefe Statues were fe£ up were 
called Vcjlibula from Vejla. 

This Goddefs was a Virgin , a and fo great an Admirer 
of Virginity, that, when 'Jupiter her Brother gave her 
Liberty of afking what file would, £he afked, tbatyft* 
might always be a Virgin , and have the firjl Oblations in all 
Sacrifices » Wherein (he not only obtained her Defire, 
but received this farther Honour b among the Romans , 
that perpetual Fire was kept in herTemple, amongft the 
facred Pledges of the Empire ; not upon an Altar, or in 
the Chimnies, but in earthen Veffels, hanging in the 
Air, which the Vejlal Virgins tended with fo much Care, 
that if by Chance this Fire was extinguifhed, all public 
and private Bufinefs was interrupted, and a Vocation pro¬ 
claimed, till they had expiated the unhappy Prodigy with 
incredible Pains. c And if it appears that the Virgins 
were the Qccafion- of its going out by Carelefnefs, they 
werefeverely punifhed,and fometimes with Rods. Upon 
the Kalends of March , every Year, though it was not 
extinguifhed, they ufed to renew it, with no other Fire 
than that which was produced by the Rays of the Sun. 

Ovid mentions both the elder and the younger Vcjla % 
a in the fixth Book of his Fafii. 

a Arid:. 5.I. 2. Ariftoph. in Vefpis. b Val. Max. 1 c. 4. 
Liv. 5. dec. 1. Val. Max. 1 . 4. c. 4. Pap. Scat, 1 . 4. Syl. 3. 

c Idem. c. 1. Ovid. Fall. 3. 

d Vefia eademefi) & Terra: fubefi vigil ignis utrique y 

Significant fedem Terra Focufque fuam. 

Vefia and Earth are one, one Fire they fhare. 

Which does the Centre of them both declare. 


SECT. II. An 


Explanation of 


the Fable. 


The Younger. Vesta the Vital Heat in 
the Body. 

F ROM hence we may cohje&ure, that when the 
Poets fay, that Vejla is the fame with Fire, the 
terrible, fcorching, blazing Fire of Vulcan's Forge is 


not 



170 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

not underftood $ nor yet the impure and dangerous 
Flames of Venus * of which we fpake above ; but a pure* 
unmixed benign Flame* fo neceffary for us* that Hu- 
?nan Life cannot poflibly fubfift without it; whofe Heat s 
being diiFufed through all the Parts of the Body* quic¬ 
kens* cberifhes* refrefhes* and nourifhes us. A Flame 
really faered * heavenly * and drome; repaired daily by the 
Food which we eat; on which the Safety and Welfare 
of our Bodies depend. This Flame moves and actu¬ 
ates. the whole Body; and cannot be extinguifhed but 
when Life kfelf is extinguifhed together with it. And 
then comes a lafting Vacation * and a certain End is put 
to all our Bufinefs in this World. 13 ut ? if by our own 
Faults it is extinguifhed* we are guilty of our own 
Death* and deferve that our Memory fhould rot with 
our Bodies in the Grave, and that our Names fhould 
be entombed with our Carcafes ; which would bean 
.AfHicfion no lei's fevere* than was the Punifhment of 
the guilty Vefal Virgins * who were buried alive» 


CHAP. VII. 

SECT. I. Cyeele. Her Image . 

P . O T R A N G E ! Here is a Goddefs whole n Head 
*3 is crowned with Towers, what means this? Is 
fhe the Goddefs of Cities and Garrtfons ? 

2 M. She is the Goddefs not of Cities only* but of all 
Things which the Earth fuftains. h She is the Earth 
itfelf: On the Earth are built many Towers and Oaftles, 
ib on her Head is placed a Crown of Towers. In her 
Hand fhe carries a Key, which* perhaps* you did not 
obferve* c becaufe in the Winter the Earth locks'thole 

W 

a Luc. I. 2. de Regn. b Servius 5. Sc 10. -^EnekL 

c Ifid. L 8. 

Treafures 






iHinimmi 





































































































































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . 171 

Treafures up, which he brings forth, and difpenfes 
with fo much Plenty in the Summer. She rides in a 
Chariot, becaufe the Earth hangs fufpended in the Air, 
balanced and poifedby its own Weight. But that Cha¬ 
riot is fupported by Wheels, becaufe the Earth is a vo¬ 
luble Body , and turns round : * and it is drawn by Lions, 
becaufe nothing is fo fierce, fo favage, or fo ungovern¬ 
able, but a motherly Piety and Tendernefs is able to 
tame it, and make it fubmit to the Yoke. I need not 
explain why her b Garments are painted with diverfe 
Colours, and figured with the Images of fevers 1 Crea¬ 
tures, fince every body fees that fuch a Drefs is fuitable 
to the Earth. 

a Ovid. Fait. 1 . 4. b Martian. Lil. Gyrald, 

SECT. II. Names of Cyeele. 

P. ? S.then this Goddefs called TerraP 

I M. No, 0 fhe is called Cybele , and Ops, and 
Rhea, and Dyndymcna , and Berecyntbia, and Bona Dca 
(the good Goddefs) and 1 data , and Pejjimtntia , and 
Magna Deoruin Mater (the great Mother of the Gods) 
and fometimes alfo Vcfta, All thefe Names, for differ¬ 
ent Reafons, were given to the fame Goddefs, who was 
the Daughter of Caslum , and of the elder Fiji a , and 
Saturn's Wife. 

She is called Cybele , cl from the Mountain Cyhclus ir* 
Phrygia, where her Sacrifices were infiituted fir ft. Or 
the this Name was given her from the Behaviour of her 
Priefts, who ufed e to dance upon their Heads, and tofs 
about their Hair like Madmen, foretelling Things to 
come, and making an horrible Nolle. They were 

( Propertius, 1 . 3. Eleg. 16. d Stephanas. Strabo. 

e ’Atto re xvffiTsw, id eft, in caput faltarc, Suid. Servius in 3 

*$nei4. 


named 


ny 2 Of the Gods of t7oe Heathens. 

seamed Gallic and this Fury and Outrage in prophefk 
ing is deferibed by 3 Lucian in his firft Book, 

Others again derive the Word Cybele from a b Cube* 
becaufe the Cube, which is a Body every Way fquare 
was dedicated to her by the Ancients.. 

She is called c Ops? becaufe £he brings Help and Af- 
isfiance to every Thing contained in this World. 

Her Name d Rhea is derived from that Abundance 
of Benefits, which, without ceafing, flow from heron 
every Side. 

c Dyndymene and Dindyme , is a Name given her from 
the Mountain Dindymus in Phrygia. 

Firgil calls her f Ad ait r Berecynthia , from Berecyn - 
thus? a Caftle in that Country ; and in the fame Place 
deferibes her numerous and happy Offspring. 

She was by the Greeks called £ Pajlthea \ that is, as 
the Romans ufualfy named her, the Mother of all the 
Gods 5 and, from the h Greek Word, fignifying Mo¬ 
ther, her Sacrifices are named Metroa , and to celc- 




51 -- crinemqtte rot antes 

Sangithicum Populis ulularunt trijlia Galli . 

Shaking their bloody TrefTes, fiome fad Spell 
The Priefts of Cybcl to the People yell. 
h *At.'o tb Pefhis. c Quod opem ferat. 

i?uo, quod bonis omnibus circum flu at. c Honit. L i. Carm. 

f- qzcalis Berecynthia mater 

Twvehitur curm Phrygia ? turrit a per urbes 
■■ L<gfa, Dcum part u, centum cc??iplexa nepotes ., 

Omnes cedi colas, omnes fuper alt a tenentes . ^E-neid. 6. 

High as the Mother of the Gods in Place, 

And proud, like her, of an immortal Race : 

Then, when ; n Pomp fhe makes the Phrygian Round, 
With golden Turrets on her Temples crown’d. 

Her Offspring all, and all command the Sky. 
sPafithea, id eff, {/.lyrnpy omnibus diis mater, 

line;]. 2. h A ywTitp, mater, derivantur^rp^aCybeles 

facra, & ifacra ea celebrare. Ccel. Rhod. 1. viii* 

c. 37 . 


brate 















































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


*73 


s 


brate them was called Metraxein? in the fame Lan¬ 
guage. 

Her Name BonaDea a implies, that all good Things 
neceffary for the Support of Life proceed from her. She 
is alfo called Fauna , b becaufe (he is faid to favour all 
Creatures. And Fatua , c becaufe it was thought that 
pew-born Children never cried till they touched the 
Ground. d It is faid, that this Bona Dea was the Wife 
of one King Faunus\ who beat her with Myrtle Rods 
till fhe died \ becaufe (he difgraced herfelf, and a£ied 
very unfuitable to the Dignity of a Queen, by drink¬ 
ing fo much Wine that (he became drunk. But the 
King, afterwards repenting of his Severity, deified hi 
dead Wife,, and paid her divine Honours. This is the 
Reafon affigned, why it was forbid, that any one fhould; 
bring Myrtle into her Temple. c And,in her Sacrifices^ 
the Veffels of Wine v/ere covered and, when the Wo¬ 
men drank out of them they called it Milk,, not Wine* 

( The Modefty of this Goddefs was fo extraordinary*, 
that no Man ever few her except her Hufband ; or 
fcarce heard her Name 5 wherefore her Sacrifices wcre 
performed in private, g and all Men were excluded from 
the Temple. From the great Privacy obferved by her 
Votaries, the Place in which her Sacrifices were per¬ 
formed was called h Opertum , and the Sacrifices them- 
felves were filled J Opertanea\ and for the fame Reafon. 
Pluto is by the Poets called k Opertus . Silence was ob- 


a Bona quod omnium.nobis ad vidlum honorzan caufa fit,. 
Labeo ap Lil. Symag. 4. p. 143.. b Fauna quod animan- 
tibusfavert dicatur. c Fatua a fando , quod hifentes non 
prius \'ocerm emittere crederentur quani terram ipfam atti- 
giflent. A Sext. Clod. apud. Laftant. e Plat, in Probl. 
* Juvenall Sat. 9. 

= Sacra Boms maribzis non adr.unda Deny. 

No Men admitted were to CybclF s Rites. Fib, 1. Eleg, 6. 
h Cic. 1. ad Atticum, Sc in Paradox. 1 Flin. I. 10. c, 56. 
. k FioJJi domos Stygias? arcanaque Diiis Opcr.ii« 


ferved 



xy 4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

ferved in a moft peculiar Manner in the Sacrifices d of 
Bona Dea , as it was in a lefs Degree in all other Sacri¬ 
fices, according to the Dodhine of the Pythagoreans 
and Egyptians , who c taught that God was to be wor- 
fhipped in Silence; becaufe from thence, at the firft 
Creation, all Things took their Beginning. To the 
fame Purpofe, Plutarch fays, f Men were 02cr Majitrs 
to teach us to fpeak , but zve learn Silence from the Gods , 
Prom thefe vje learn to hold out' Peace , in their Riles and 
Initiations . 

She was called s Ideea Mater , from the Mountain Ida 
in Phrygia , or Crete , for fhe was at both Places highly 
honoured: As alfo at Rome , whither they brought her 
from the City PeJJinus in Galatia , by a remarkable Mi¬ 
racle. For when the Ship in which fhe was carried, 
flopped in the Mouth of Uber^ the Veftal Claudia 
(whofe fine Drefs and free Behaviour made her Mo- 
defty fufpedled) eafily drew the Ship to Shore with her 
Girdle, where the Goddefs was received by the Hands 
of Virgins, and the Citizens went out to meet her, 
placing Cenfers with Frankincenfe before their Doors 5 
and, when they had lighted the Frankincenfe, they 
prayed that fhe would enter freely into Rome , and be 
favourable to it. And becaufe the Sibyls had pro- 
phefied, that Iclaea Mater fhould be introduced by the bejl 

To hear Helps fecret Counfels, and to know 

Dark Pluto’s Rites and My fieri es below. Lzecian. 1 . 6 . 

d Hinc mater cultrix Cybcle, Corybantiayue a?ra> 

Idseunique 71 emus : hinc fida flentia facris, 

Etfunfti air rum Dornzna fubiere Leoties . JEneld, 1 . 3. 

Here Cybcle , the Mother of the Gods, 

With tinkling Cymbals charm’d th’ Idaan Woods, 

She fecret Rites and Ceremonies taught. 

And to the Yoke the favage Lions brought. 
e Ap. De la Cerda in yEneid. 3. f Loquendi magiftros 
homines habemus, tacendi Deos: ab illis filentium accipi- 
entes in i.iitiationibus & myfleriis. Piut.de Loquac. s Luc. 




I 1 

I' 


Of the Gods of the Heathens • tj§ 

jfan among the Romans* 'The Senate a was a tittle bufied 
it pafs & Judgment in the Cafe, and refolve , ‘was 

the heft Man in the City . ^z><?ry one zuas ambi¬ 

tious to get the Vi ft ory in a D if puts of that Nature ; and 
more them if they food to be elefted to any Commands or Ho¬ 
nours by the Voices either of the Senate or People . At la ft 
the Senate refolve d that P. Scipio, the Son of that Cneus 
who iv as killed in Spain, a young Gentleman who had never 
yet been Quaeftor, was thebejl Man in the whole City . 

She was called PeJJinuntia , b from a certain Field m- 
Phrygia , into which an Image of her fell from Hea¬ 
ven j from which Fall- c the Place was called PeJJinus* 
and the Goddefs PeJJinuntia . And in this Place firH: 
the Phrygians began ro celebrate the Sacrifices Orgia to 
this Goddefs, near the River Gallus , from whence her 
Priefts were called d Gatii: as I do all tell you, after 
I have obferved, that, when thefe Priefe defired that 
a great Refpedf and Adoration fhould be paid to any 
Thing, they pretended that it fell from Heaven 5 and 
they called thofe Images A iottstv, £ Diopete that is, 
fent from Jupiter. Of which Sort were the c Ancile , 
the Palladium , and the Effigies of this Goddefs, con¬ 
cerning which we now /peak* 


a Hand parvee rei judicium lenatum tenebat, qui vlr op- 
timusin civitate eflet ; verum certe vidtoriam ejus rei £bi 
quifque mallet., quam ullaimperia, honorefve, fuffragio fe.11 
Patruuq feu Plebis, delates. Patres Confcripti P. Sclpionem 
Cnei filium ejus qui in Hiipania occidebat, adolefcentem> 
nondam Quacltorem, judicaveruntin tota civitate virum op¬ 
timum efic. b Hefiod. 1 . 1. c doro 'mergiv, aca- 

<leado« • Feftus. 0 Herod. 1 . 1. 




iy6 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 



SECT. III. The Sacrifices of Cybele. 

ER Sacrifices, like the Sacrifices of Bacchus 
a were celebrated with a confufed Noife of Tim¬ 
brels, Pipes, and Cymbals ; and the Sacrificants howled , 
as if they were mad $ they profaned both the Temple 
of their Goddefs, and the liars of their Hearers, with 
their filthy Words and Actions* The following Rites 
were peculiarly obferved in her Sacrifices: b Her Tem¬ 
ple was opened not by Hands, but by Prayers: None 
entered who had taPted Garlick: The Priefts facrificed 
to her, fitting, and touching the Earth, and offered the 
Hearts of the Victims. And, laflly, among the Trees, 
the Box and the Pine were facred to her. The Box\ 
becaufe the Pipes ufed in her Sacrifices were made of 
it: c The Pine , for the Sake of Atys, Attes , or Attincs , 
a Boy that Cybele much loved, and had made him Pre- 
fident of her Rites, upon Condition that he always 
preferved his Chaftity inviolate. But he forgot his 
Vow and loft that Virtue. d Wherefore the offend- 
ed Goddefs threw him into fuch a Madnefs, that he 
emafculated himfelf ; (though c Lucian fays that Cybele 
did it) and, when he was about to lay violent Elands 
upon himfelf, (he, in Pity, turned hirn into a Pine. 

But take Notice that there was a true Atys^ the Son 
of Crcefus King of Lydia . He was born dumb: But 
when be faw in the Fight a Soldier at his Father’s Back, 
with a Sword lifted up to kill him, the Strings of his 
Tongue, which hindered his Speech, burfl:; and, by 
fpeaking clearly, he prevented his Father’s Deftruftion, 


1 

•i 

J 

J 


a Apulei. 8. Metam. Claud. 2. de Raptu. b Serv. in 6, 
^neid. A then. ap. Lil. Gyrald. p. 143. Til. Gyrald. Synt. 
4. p. 143. Laftant. p. in S. Theb. c Serv. in ^Eneid, 
d Auguft. 7. de Civitate Dei. c Lucian, de DeaSyra, 


SECT 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. lyy 


SECT; IV. The Priejls of Cybele. 

% 

♦ 

I n Juft now told you, that her Priefts were called 
Galii, from a River of Phrygia of that Name : 
Such was the Nature of the Water of that River, that 
whofoever drank of it immediately grew mad, to fuch 
a Degree as to geld himfelf. This is certain, that the 
Galli were caftrated, and from thence called Sc?niviri : 
As often as they facrinced, they furioufly cut and flafh- 
ed their Arms with Knives ; and thence all furious and 
mad People were called Gallantes . b Befides the Name 
of Galli , they v/ere alfo called Curetes , Corybantcs , 21 /- 
chines , Cabiri , and Idai DaPlylu Some fay, that thefe 
Priefts were different from the Galli $ but, bccaufe 
moft People believe them to be the fame, and fay that 
they were all Priefts of Cybele 5 therefore I will fpeak 
fomething of each of them. 

The Curetes were either Cretans , or JEtalians , or Eu- 
Iceans , and had their Names from c Shaving; fo that 
Curetes and Deionfi fignify almoft the fame Thing. For 
they ftiaved the Hair of their Heads before, but wore 
Hair behind, that they might not be taken (as it has 
often happened) by the Forelocks, by the Enemy 5 or, 
perhaps, they were called Curetes , d becaufe they were 
habited in long Vefts, like young Maidens ; or* laftiy, 
c becaufe they educated Japzier in his Infancy. 

Her Priefts were alfo called Coryba?ites ; becaufe, in 
the Sacrifices of their Goddefs, they tolled their Pleads 
and danced, and butted with their Foreheads like Rams, 
after a mad Fafhion. Thus, when they initiated any 


a Til. Gyr. p. 141. b Varr. apud Nonm in verbo Callus. 
r J A tto t?,* a tonfura Curetes dicebantur. d * Air'd tvs 

a puella quod puellarum flolam induebant. c 'A 7 ro 
7 r,qyopa.<pia.c f ab educatione juvenuin, quod Jovem infantem 
aluifte perhibentur. Strabo. 

N 


one 



178 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him. in a Chair 
and danced about him like Fools. 

Another Name of her Priefts was Tel chines* Thefe 
were famous Magicians and Enchanters ; and they came 
from Crete to Cyprus and thence into Rhodes , which 
latter Ifland was called Telchines from them. 13 Or, if 
we believe others, they were deferving Men, and in¬ 
vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick : For, 
they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods. 

The Cahiri , or Cciberl , fo called from Cahiri , Moun¬ 
tains of Phrygia , c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
or Gods themfelves, or rather Desmans , or the fame 
with the Coryhantes \ for. People’s Opinions concerning 
them are different. 

The Idai Daftyli ,{ were the Servants and UJfiftanU 
of Magna Mater \ called Idai from the Mountain Ida % 
whore they lived; and DaEiyli c from the Fingers \ for 
thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They ferved 
Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if they were 
Fingers to her. g Yet many affirm, that there were 
more than ten. 


n VW.-o t h 9toQtrI\*w, a cornibus feriendo, 8s (3u'.»:w inceden- 
do, Strabo, I. 1 . Plato in Euthid. b Strabo ibid. c Idem 
jbid. li Sophocl. apad. Lil. Gyr. c Digiti cnim Gracedi- 
cuntuiT.^7t/?.3i. f jui. Pol. I. 1 . Strabo, Diod. ap. Gyr. 


s 


CHAP. VIII. 

CT, I. Ceres. Her Image, 


TT OU have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybele\ pray 
Jl tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 

ftands there, h beautified with yellow Flair, and crown- 

_ ... ~ — - — - - — - ——*■ 


h Ovid. 4. Fall. Arnobius 5. contra Gentes-. Martian. i» 
sle Nupt. 

ei 


Of the Gods of the Heat belts. 1 79 

e( j with aTurbant compofed of the Ears of Corn; her 
Bofom fwells with Breafts as white as Snow. Her 
Rio-ht-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 

and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 


1 

SECT. II. The Explication of the Image 0 


M. T T is Ceres , my Palaophilus , a the Daughter of 
JL Saturn and Ops ; whole fingular Beauty made 
the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
Brothers Jupiter and Neptune fell in Lo.ve with her, and 
• debauched her: b She had Preferpina by Jupiter ; and 
by Ncptuneit is uncertain whether (he had a Daughter 
or a Horfe: For, c as fome fay, when fhe avoided the 
Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, file call her- 
felf among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
s the Shape of a Mare ; which Neptune , perceiving, he 
made himlelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
Horfe Avion . d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
: from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
; mas relates. Upon the Mountain /Eleus in Arcadia , an 
I? Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
;■ of a Woinan, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
4 intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
l have told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
if hut a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
| Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 

F 

r 4 

i '■ 111 1 1 " ' r * J * ■ I ■■ I III** __ UJUI II L 

► I 

♦1 

1 


| a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Idem ibid. c Procl. in Georg 


»Vire. 

o 

d Et fe, jla*va corn as frugum mitijjhna mater, 
Sen fit cquum 




The Gold-hair'd gentle Goddefs Ceres knew 
Thee in a Horfe’s Sha^e. 
c Paufan iasin.Arcad. ' * 
f Paufanias in A read. 

N 2 


than. 


i 7 8 


Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 


one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him in a Chair 
and danced about him like Fools, 7 

Another Name of herPriefts was Tel chines, Thefe 
were famous Magicians and Enchanters *, and they came 
from Crete to Cyprus , and thence into Rhodes , which 
latter Ifland was called Telchincs from them. b Or, if 
vee believe others* they were deferving Men, and in. 
vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick: For, 
they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods, 

The Ccibirt , or Caberi , fo called from Cabiri , Moun¬ 
tains of Phrygia, c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
or Gods themfelvcs, or rather Damons, or the fame 
with the Corybantcs ; for* People’s Opinions concerning 
them are different. 

The Idai Dadiyli ,l were the Servants and djjiflanti 
of Magna Mater \ called Idal from the Mountain Ida, 
where they lived ; and Dafiyli c from the Fingers *, for 
thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They ferved 
Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if they were 
Fingers to her. z Yet many affirm, that there were 
more than ten. 


a 'A7,-0 ra a. covnibus feriendo, & pcdvnv inceden* 

no, Strabo, I. I. Plato in Euthid. b Strabo ibid. c Idem 
ibid, a Sophocl. apud. Lib Gyr. c Digit! cnim Grace di- 
cuntur f jul. Pol. i. Strabo, Diod. ap. Gyr, 


m 


CHAP. VIII. 

SEC T. I. Ceres. Her Image. 

P „ OU have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybele\ pray 

1 L tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 
{lands there, h beautified with yellow Hair, and crown- 


h Ovid. 4. Fad. Arnobius 5. contra Gentes-. Martian. 1. 
de Nupt. 


F 



Of the G ods of the Heathens. 17 9 

ed with aTurbant compofed of the Ears of Corn; her 
Bofom fwells with Breads as white as Snow. Her 
Rio-ht-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 
and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 


SECT. IL The Explication of the Image e 

M. T T is Ceres , my Palaophilus , a the Daughter of 
JL Saturn and Ops ; whofe fingular Beauty made 
the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
Brothers Jupiter and Nepiune fell in Lo.ve with her, and 
debauched her: b She had Proferpina by Jupiter y and 
by Neptune it is uncertain whether {he had a Daughter 
or a Horfe : For, c as fome fay, when fhe avoided the 
Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, fhe call her- 
feif among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
the Shape of a Mare $ which Neptune , perceiving, he 
made himlelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
Horfe Avion. d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
mas relates. Upon the Mountain EElcus in Arcadia , an 
Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
of a Woman, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
hare told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
but a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 


a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Idem ibid. c ProcL in Georg. 

Vir?. 

d Ei te, fla*va comas frugttm mitijjima mater y 
Sen fit c q u u m -- - 

The Gold-hair'd gentle Goddefs Ceres knew 
Thee in a Horfe’s Sha^e. 
e Paufanias in-Arcad. ' * 

f Paufanias in A read. 

N 2 than 


2 Bo Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

than a the Lady. , or the Great Goddefs , which were the 

ufual Names of her Mother Ceres. 

* « 

Ceres was greatly alhamed of this Difgrace : She ex¬ 
ceedingly lamented the Lofs of her Honour, and tefti- 
fied her Sorrow by the Mourning Cloaths, which af¬ 
terwards foe wore (whence (he was named Mahcna , 
M&xivr.i nigra :) She retired into the dark Recefles of 
a Cave, where fhe lay lb privately that none of the 
Gods knew where {he was, till Pan the God of the 
Woods difeovered her by Chance, and told Jupiter ; 
who, fending the Fates to her, perfuaded her at 1 aft to 
lay afide her Grief, and rife out of the Cave , which was 
a happy and joyful Thing for all the World. For, in 
her Abfence, a great Infection reigned throughout all 
Sorts of living Creatures, which fprang from the Cor¬ 
ruption of the Fruits of the Earth, and the Granaries 

cvery-where. 

P. But why were the Fruits of the Earth corrupted 
in her Abfence ? 

711 . Why ? Do you not know that fhe is the Goddefs 
of the Fruits , and that her very Name is derived b from 
her Care, in producing or preferving the Fruits of the 
Earth ? And have you not heard that {lie firft invented 
and taught the Art of tilling the Earth, and fowing 
Corn, and all Pirlfe (except Beans') and of making 
Bread therewith, whereas before they only eat /lcorm? 
This you may learn from c Ovid , who tells us that 
Ceres was the fir ft that made Laws, provided whole- 
fome Food, and taught the Ait of Hufbandry, of Plow¬ 
ing and Sowing: For, before her Time, the Earth lay 


a A fa-iroivcc. Domina, & Magna Dea. Ceres dicitur 

ouaft Ceres a gerendis frublibus ; Aut quad Sevens vel aban* 
tiquo Verbo Cereb> quod idem eft ac 'Creo, quod candtarum 
fruguin creatrixait Sc altrix. Cicero 2. deMat. Deoruxn. Ma¬ 
ter,. tie prof. Rel. c. iS. Scaligcr Sc Servius in i. Georg, 
Caliimach. Hymn, in Cererera. 
c PI in. 7. c. 50. 


rough 




Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 181 

rough and uncultivated, covered with Briars, and un¬ 
profitable Plants : where there were no Proprietors of 
Land, they neglected to cultivate it ; when no-body 
had any Ground of his own, they did not a care to fix: 
Land-marks : But all Things were common to all 
JVlen, till Ceres , who had invented the Art of Hufban- 
dry 3 taught Men how to exercife it and then they be¬ 
gan to contend and difpute about the .Limits of thofe 
/ Fields, from whofe Culture,they reaped fo much Pro¬ 
fit : And from lienee it was neceflary that Laws fhould 
be enabled to determine the Rights and Properties of 
thofe who contended. For this Reafon Ceres wa,s 
, named the b Foundrefs of .Laws. 

P. I underftand now the Meaning of her Crown 
1 made of Corn ; but yet .I do not fee what that .Handful 
' of Poppies fignifies. 

M. I will explain the Signification of that alfo in 
its Place; but firft let me fpeak offome other Things. 

5 As, r. Sheds beautiful and well-fhaped, becaufe the 
Earth, which fhe refembles, appears beautiful and de- 
lightful to the Beholders; efpecialiy when it is array- 
| ed with Plants, diversified with Trees, adorned with 
Flowers, enriched with Fruits, and covered with 

h y * 

| Greens ; when it difplays the Honours of the .Spring, 
i and pours forth the Gifts of Autumn with a bountiful 
I Hand. 

n 

s-------— 

| a Prhna Ceres unco gleham dimo'vit aratro 9 
I Pri/na dedit fruges alimentaque mitia t err is , 

a Prima dedit leges . Cereris fiait omnia tnunus* 

I Ceres was fhe who firft our Furrows plough’d : 

I Who gave fweet Fruits, and eafy Food allow’d, 
jj Ceres firft tam’d us with her gentle Laws, 

I From her kind Hand the World Subfiftance draws. 
Autjfgnare qutefcm, aut part ini limite campion. 

Or to make Land-marks, or to balk their Fields. 
c Lcgifera, Sc G razee Beo-(/. 6 <po^q ; cjufque facra dicebantur 

: Vocabatur etiam Ceres quafi Typiivflgt id 

Fl. Terra Mater. Virg. iEn. 3. & Serviusibid. 

N 3 2. Her 



p 

I 

182 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 

2 - Her Hair is yellow , and when the Ears of Corn 
are ripe, they are adorned with that golden Colour. 

3. Her Breafts fwell with Milk ( a whence fhe is (tiled 
JMammofa fometimes) b becaufe after the Earth is im¬ 
pregnated with Seed, and big with the Fruits thereof, 
it brings forth all Things out of itfelf in Abundance, 
and, like a Mother, feeds and nourifhes us \ whence 
Ihe is called c Alma , and d Altrix nojlra . 

4. She holds a lighted Torch ; becaufe, when Pro - 
ferpina was ftolen away by Pluto , her Mother® Ceres 

was greatly afftitted at the Lofs of her Daughter, and 
being verydehrous to find her again, {he kindled her 
Torches (they fay) with the Flames, which burft from 
the Top of the Mountain / Etna \ and with them fought 
her Daughter through the whole World. 

5. She carries Poppy; becaufe, when through Grief 
fhe could not obtain the lead; Reft or Sleep, Jupiter 
gave her Poppy to eat: f For, they fay, this Plant is 
endued with a Power to create Sleep and Forgetful- 
nefs. Her Grief was a little allayed by Sleep, but fhe 
forgot not her Lofs, and, after many Voyages and 
Journeys, {he at laft heard where Proferpina was, as 
you will hear in its proper Place. 

P. But what is that young Man that fits in a'Cha¬ 
riot drawn by flying Serpents ? 

M. It is PriptolemuSy in the Chariot which Ceres 
gave him. He was the Son of Eleufius , or Ceres ^ a 
Nobleman. Ceres brought him up from his Infancy, 
upon this Occafion: Whilft fhe fought Proferpina by 
Sea and Land, s upon the Way fhe came into the City 
Eleujis , where the Father of Triptolemus entertained 
her; whofe Kindnefs fhe requited, by breeding up his 


a . Lil. Gyral. Synt. 14. b Cicero 2. & 3. de Nat. Deor. 
c Virgil. 1. Georg. d Cicero de Nat. Deor. 2. c Cicero 
in Verrem. f Serv. in. 1. Georg. 

£ Callimachus in hymnis Cereris. 

* * ^ & 


young 




Ofihe Gods of the Heathens. i S 3 

young Son,. whom, in the Day-time file fed a with.**- 
Jejiial and divine Milk^ but in the N-ight covered him 
all over with Fire. .The Child in a few Days became 
a beautiful young Man, by this extraordinary Manner 
■of Education; infomuch that his Father, greatly won¬ 
dering at this fpeedy Prog refs, was very defirous to 
know how Ceres dealt with his Son ; he therefore 
looked through a fmall Hole, and .faw Ceres cover his 
Son Triptolemus with burning Coals. This affrighted 
him fo, that he -cried out, that Ceres was murdering 
his Son, wherefore he ran into the Room to fave 
him. Ceres punifhed his imprudent Curiofity with 
Death; then putting "Triptolemus in the Chariot that 
you fee, file fent him throughout the World to fhew 
Mankind the Ufe of Corn. He executed her Com¬ 
mands fo faithfully, and taught Men the Art of Huf- 
bandry, or Sowing and Reaping, and of threfhing the 
Corn fo well, that he obtained his Name b Triptolemus 
from thence. c Ovid gives us an excellent Deferip- 
tion hereof in the End of the Fifth Book, of his Alcta - 
morphofis „ 


a Servius;in Georg. i. b Triptolemus dicitur quafi 

rgtyut recq JAoh;, -id ell, hordeum terens. Hygin. fab. 147. 

c - Gtint720s dea fertilis afigues 

Currihus admoajit, free ?iifq tie coercuit ora, 

‘ Et inednini cadi terresque per aera ajedia efl. 

Atque lenjem cur rum Tritonida mijit in arcem 
Triptole?220 ; partimque rudi data Jemina jujjit 
Spargere hnmo, pariitn pofi tempora longa recult a. 

Ceres her. Chariot mounts : Yok’d Dragons fland. 

Tame and obedient to her gentle Hand : 

With flretch’d-out Wings, thro’ yielding Air they fly. 
Till Ceres fends her Chariot from the Skv, 

To good Triptolemus , her Athenian Friend ; 

Triptolemus, whofe ufeful Cares intend 

The common Good: Seed was the Chariot’s Load, 


.Which fhe on him for publick Ufe bellow’d; 
Partfhe for fallow Fields new plough’d delign’d. 
And.Part for Land by frequent Tilth refin’d 

N 4 


Pe But 



184 Of the Gods of the Heathens <, 

P. But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Cereh 
Chariot? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 

JVL That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres 9 for 
his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Beall like a Li¬ 
zard. For-when Ceres was very weary with Travelling, 
and thirfty, flie came to a Cottage, and begged a little 
Water co vvafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
there: The old Woman not only gave her Water, but 
alfo Barley-broth; which when the Goddefs fupped up 
greedily, the Woman’s Son Stelllo , a fancy Boy, mocked 
her. This raifed Ceres’s Anger fo far, that in a Rage, 
file flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
was thereby changed into an Evet or Newt . 

But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefh ? 

P. I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
he fo cruel to himfelf? 

M. They call him Erifichthon . In Contempt of the 
Sacrifices of Ceres, he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
one of her Oaks 5 for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
he is forced to eat his own Flefh, to fupport his own 
Body; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 

the better to fuftain his Life. 

• • 

? Fugit anum ' 9 latebramque petit , apt unique colori 
Nomen ha bet, <variis flellatus corpora guttis . 

Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 

And’from his fpeckled Back a Name he gets. 


SECT. III. 


of 


A mo - _ _ _ — . 

ted to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which follow 
are the chief; Eleufmia (by which b Name the God- 

. 4 * * 1 ' * 



b Paufan. in Atticis. 


clefs 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 185 

Jefs herfelf was alfo known) were fo called, becaufe 
they were firft celebrated in the City Eleujis . Of thefe 
were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres, and 
the Minor# to Prefer pin a. a It was a Cuflom, that 
thofe, who were initiated in the Majora, never pulled 
off the Cloaths, which they then wore, till they fell off 
in Rags. b In. both the Major# and Minora , a perpe¬ 
tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh. any 
Thing concerning them was a Crime 3 whence came 
the Proverb concerning filcnt Perfons , ‘Ea Evalvta. 

[.Attica Eleujinia ; and the Word Myfterium fignifies a 
religious Rite , from [yhA/a] os claitdo , .Lighted 

Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Ceres ^ 
with them, fought Proferpina\ and, up and down the 
Streets and the Highways, they cried out Proferpina , 
till they had filled all Places with their difmal Rowl¬ 
ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
which the Victors <l were honoured with a Barley Crown . 

The c Tbefmophoria were inftituted by Triptolcnius ; 
and thofe Women, who vowed perpetual Chaftity, 
were initiated in them. For fome Days a Faft was 
kept; and Wine was f altogether banifhed from her 
Altar; whence this Expreflion came Cereri nuptias fa- 
cere, which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaff 
where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
this Goddefs, g becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 


a Plut. in Demetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
L 7. Nat. Quarff. c. 31. 
d NotturmJ'quc Hecate iriajiis uhdata per urhes. 

yTneid. vide Servium. 
And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 

c ‘Pindar. in Iffhm. f Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in ^Eneid. j. 
2 Prim a Ceres a<vida gwvifa ejl fangziine poverty 

Hit a faas merita e<ede nocentes opes* Ovid. Faff. 1 . i„ 
Crrcs with Blood of Swine we bell: atone, 

Vi hich thus requite the Mifchiefs they have done. 

£ 


Earth® 


184 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

P. But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Ceres's 
Chariot? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 

JVL That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres , for 
his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Beaftlike a Li¬ 
zard. For-when Ceres was very weary with Travelling, 
and thirfly, fhe came to a Cottage, and begged a little 
XVater to wafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
there: The old Woman not only gave her Water,but 
alfo Barley-broth ;• which when the Goddefs fupped up 
greedily, the Woman’s Son Stellio , a faucy Boy, mocked 
her. This raifed Ceres ’s Anger fo far, that in a Rage, 
fhe flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
was thereby changed into an Evet or Nezvt. 

But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefh ? 

P. I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
he fo cruel to himfelf ? 

M. They call him Eriftchthon. In Contempt of the 
Sacrifices of Ceres , he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
one of her Oaks ; for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
Lie is forced to eat his own Flefh, to fupport his own 
Body; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 
the better to fuftain his Life. 

• • • 

? Fugit an um> latebramque petit , apt unique colort 
Nomen habet , njariis Jiellatus corpora guttis . 

Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 

And from his ipeckled Back a Name he gets. 

SECT. Ili. rhe Sacrifices of Ceres. 

t 

A MONG all the Cerealia , or 'Sacrifices inftitu- 

ted to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which foliow 
are the chief; Eleujinia (by which b Name the God- 

• « - - - I * * - * ♦ ' * ^ * Mfll 

b Paufan. in Atticis, 

• ■ " clefs 

w 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 185 

^efs herfelf was alfo known) were fo called, becaufe 
they were firft celebrated in the City Elcujis . Of thefe 
were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres , and 
the Minora to Proferpina . a It was a Cuftom, that 
thofe, who were initiated in the Major a , never pulled 
off the Cloaths, which they then wore, till they fell off 
in Rags. b In both the Major a and Minora , a perpe¬ 
tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh any 
Thing concerning them was a Crime; whence came 
the Proverb concerning fdent P erf ons , hWW' 

Elcujinia ; and the Word Myjlerium fignifies a 
religious Rite , from M ^ 5 0$ clciudo . Righted 

Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Geres? 
with them, fought Proferpina ; and, up and down the 
Streets and the Highways, they cried out Proferpina , 
till they had filled all Places with their difmal Rowl¬ 
ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
which the Vifiors d were honoured with a Barley Crown. 

The c Tbefmophoria were inftituted by Triptolcinus ; 
and thofe Women, who vowed perpetual Chaftity, 
were initiated in them. For fome Days a Faff was 
kept; and Wine was f altogether baniftied from her 
Altar; v/hence this ExprelHon came Cereri nuptias fa- 
core , which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaft 
where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
this Goddefs, s becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 



a Plut. in Demetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
1 . 7. Nat. Quarft. c. 3(0 

d Nofturtiifque Hecate triajiis uhdata per urbes . 

vFneid. vide Servium. 
And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 

L Pindar, in Iithm. f Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in .iEneid. 3. 
2 Prim a Ceres a<vida? ga<vifa eji favguine porca?> 

UltaJ'uas meritd c<ede nocentes opes. Ovid. Fail. 1. i„ 
f rc * with Blood of Swine we bell: atone, 
fach thus requite the Mifchiefs they have done. 

% 


Earth* 


18 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Earth. And Garlands, a compofed of Ears of Corn, 
were offered to -her. 

fbnbarvalia were inftituted to purge the Fields, and 
to beg Fruitfulnefs and Plenty. They v/ere fo called, 
* becaufe the Sacrifices were led about the Fields ; as the 
Suburbs [ Amburbiu7iz\ v/ere efteemed facred 5 becaufe 
the Sacrifice was carried round the City. Thefe Sacri¬ 
fices were performed by Hufbandmen, c who carried a 
Sow big with young, or a Cow-calf, through the Corn 
and the Hay, in the Begiuning of Harveft, thrice •> the 
Countrymen following him with Dancing, and Leap¬ 
ing, and Acclamations of Joy, till all the Helds run g 
with the Noife. In the mean Time, one of them, a- 
dorned with a Crown, fung the Praifesof Ceres ; and af¬ 
ter they had offered an Oblation of mixed with 

Honey and Milk, before they began to reap, they fa- 
crificed the Sow to her. The Rites of thefe FLinbca- 

. _ • f 

CHAR 


valla are beautifully deferibed by Virgih 



3 Flava Ceres , tihi fit nofiro de rure corona 
Spicea, qua: templi pendent ante fores . 

To thee, fairGoddefs, we’ll a Garden plait 
Of Ears of Corn, t’adorn thy Temple Gate. 
b Quod vi&ima ambiret arva: Serv. in 1. Georg. 

c Virg. 3* HT 

d Cun hi a tihi Cererem pubes agreflis adoret : 

Cut tu ladle fet vos, & miti dilue Baccho y 
“Ferque novas clrcum felix eat hofhafruges ; 

Gmms qzsam chorus t3 foci 2 comitentur ovanteSy 
Ft Cererem clamore vocent in ted?a .* r.eqne ante 
Falcem mat avis quifquam fupponat arifiis , 
ffgam Cercriy tort a redimitus temper a quercu , 

Det mot us incompofitos , & car min a die at. 

Let every Swain adore her Power divine. 

And Milk and Honey mix with fparkling Wine ; 
Let all the Choir of Clowns attend this Show, 

In long Proceffion fhouting as they go ; 

Invoking her to blefs their yearly Stores,. 
Inviting Plenty to their crowned Floors. 


Tibullu 


So 


Thus 





; ■ i.. :wnr 


Pujrc / % 


















































































2B 7 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Thus In the Spring, and thus in Summer’s Heat, 
Before the Sickles touch the rip’ning Wheat, 

On Ceres call, and let the hib’ring Hind 
With Oaken Wreaths his hollow Temples bind : 
On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praife. 

With uncouth Dances, and with Country-Lays 0 



CHAP- IX. 


SECT. I. rfhe Muses. ST heir Image . 

P o What Beauty, what Sweetnefs, what Elegance 

is here ! 

M* You mean in thefe Nine Virgins , a that are 
crowned with Palms ; Do you not ? 

P. Certainly. How pleafantly and kindly they 
fmile ! How decent and becoming is their Drefs! How 
handfomely do they fit together in the Shade of that 
Laurel Arbour ! How fkilfully fome of them play on 
the Harp, fome upon the Cittern, fome upon the Pipe, 
fome upon the Cymbal, and fome harmonioufly fmg 
and play at once ! Methinks I hear them with united 
Minds, Voice and Hands, make an agreeable Concord 
arifing from their different Inftruments, governing their 
lev era 1 Voices in fuch a Manner, that they make the 
mofl noble Harmony, whofe pleafing Charms, entering 
into my Ears, ravifh my Mind with Pleafure. 

M. They are the Mufes b the Miftreffes of all the 
Sciences, the Prefidents of the Muficians and Pods , 
and the Governors of the Feafts and Solemnities of the 
Gods. c Jupiter begat them of the Nymph Mnemofyne , 
who afterwards brought them forth upon the Moun¬ 
tain Fieri us. Some affirm that they had other Parents, 


3 Corint. 
Muf. 

Bub 50. 


apud Lil. Gyrald. p 
b Hefiod. in Theog. 


560. Orph. in Hymn, 
c Tzetzes Chil. 6„ 


and 




£-88 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

and a ancient Writers fay, that they lived before 
piter , and were the Daughters of Ccelujn . They are 
called the Daughters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne (which, 
in Greek? fignifies Me?nofy) becaufe all Students and 
Scholars ought not only to have great Ingenuity, but 
ready Memories* 


2 Muf. ap. LiL Gyr. 


SECT* II* 5 The Names of the Muses. 

X HE A'fofeSi or Mufa^ were formerly called Mo~ 

fa^ and were fo named from a a Gr£ek Word, 
that ngnines to enquire ; becaufe Alen, by enquiring o.f 
them, learn the Things of which they were before 
ignorant. But others fay, they had their Name from 
their Refemhlance , becaufe there is a Similitude, and 
an Affinity and Relation betwixt all the Sciences; in 
which they agree together, and are united with one 
another. Wherefore the Mufes are often painted with 
their Hands joined, dancing in a Ring; in the Middle 
of them fits Apollo , their Commander and Prince. The 
pencil of Nature deferibed them in that Manner upon 
the Agate which Pyrrhus , who made War againft the 
Roinans , wore in a Ring. For in it was a Reprefenta- 
iion of the Nine Mufes , and Apollo holding a Harp; and 
thefe Figures were not delineated by Art, but by the 
c fpontaneous Handy-work of Nature; and the Veins 
of the Stone were formed fo regularly, that every Mufe 
had her particular Diftindlion. 


a ’Atto TfcT [jA ecu, id eft, ab inquirendo. Plato in Gratylo. 
15 M Serai, qua!! opoiovc-cti, id eft, ftmiles, Cafhodor, c Plin. 
1 - 27 ^ c. i. 


SECT 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


i 89 


SECT III. The 


Names of the 



HAT were the proper Names of each of the 
Mufes'? 

M- They had each of them a Name derived from 
fome particular Accomplifhment of their Minds or 
Bodies. 

The Firft, ' Calliope , was fo called ^ from the Sweet- 
nr fs of her Voice 5 £he prefutes over Rhetoric!: , and is 
efteetned the moft excellent of all the Nine. 

The Second, Clio, is fo named from b Glory. For 
fhe is the Hiftorical Mufe, and takes her Name from 
the Famoufiefs of the Things file records. 

The Third, Erato , has her Name c from Love , be¬ 
caufe (he lings of Amours ; or bee aide learned Men 
are belcvccl and praifed by others. She is alfo called 
Salt air ix j for fhe firft invented the Art of Dancing, 
over which file p refuted. She was alfo the In ventre fs 
of Poetry. 

The Fourth, Thalia , from tl her Gaiety , Brifknefs 
andPleafantry $ becaufe file fings pleafantly and wan¬ 
tonly. Some aferibe to her the Invention of Comedy 
others of Geometry. 

The Fifth, Melpomene , from e the Excellency of her 
Song, and the Melody foe makes when fhe fings. She is 
fuppofed to prefide over Tragedy , and to have invented 
Sonnets. 

The Sixth, Ter p/ichor e , has her Name from f the 
Plcafure foe takes in Dancing 9 becaufe fhe delights in 
Balls. Some call her Githarijlria. 


■> 


't* 




b ? a \ ** * 

A 7TQ rev KASt}<; 7 

w _ • Schol. Ap. I. 

5/ >1^- ab am ore. Ovid, de Arte. 1. 2 . d hWo toiT 


a ’/.cto iLOtfhr.c; 07 T 7 } q-> a {mlvitate VOC2S. 

a Gloria fc. reruni geftaruro cjuas memorat 

Attq TOV _ 

Am 1 , id eft, virere, germinare. Sc fiorere. Proc. in He- 
fiod. c a (/Jort&t/.cci cantor & modulor, vel «Vo rov 

•stcittv concentam facere. f ’A?ro *qo°d. 

Choreis deiefletur. The 



1 go Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The Seventh Euterpe , or Enterpia , from a 

for Singing . Some call her Tibicina ; becaufe 
according to them, fhe prefides over the Pipes : And 
fome fay. Logick was invented by her. 

The Eighth, Polyhy?nnia, or Polymnia , or Polymnew 
from b her excellent Memory : And therefore the Inven¬ 
tion of writing Hiftory is attributed to her ; which re¬ 
quires a good Memory- It was owing to her, c That 
the Songflers add , to the Verfes that they Jing , Hands and 
Fmgers , which fpeak ?nore than the Tongue; an exprcjfroe 
Silence ; <2 Language without Words 5 i/z Jhort, Gejlure and 
Action. 

The Ninth,, d Urania , was fo called either becaufe 
fhe fings of divine Things; or becaufe, through her 
Affiftance, Men are praifed to the Sides \ or becaufe, 
by the Sciences, they become converfant in the Con¬ 
templation of Things CeleftiaL 

Bahufius , a modern Poet, has comprifed the Names 
of thefe nine Mufcs in a e Diftich : That is, he has 
made the nine Mufes to Hand, which is fomethino- 
ftrange, but upon eleven Feet. Perhaps you will re¬ 
member their Names better, when they are thus joined 
together in two Verfes. 


2 Ab £ y TEgynjc, jucunda nempein concentu b a nohU 

tnultus, memoria. c Plut. in Syinpof. quod car- 

iriinibus additre lint Orcheflxarum loquacifiimae manus, lin- 
guofi digiti, filentium clamofum, expofitio tacita, uno verbo 
geftus & a£tio. d J Ao ry yjayy, a Coelo. 

c Calliope , Polymneia , j Erato, Clio , citque Thalia , 
Melpomene, Euterpe, Terpjichore, XJrania . Babul. 4 . Epig. j, 

SECT, IV. The Names common to all the 

Muses. 

< 

P. TI 7 HAT Names have the Mufes common to 

V V them all ? 

AT* The mofl remarkable are. 


Hcli cenides , 




































Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



HcUcontdes , or Helico?iiades , from the Mountain He- 
lim in Baeotia. 

ParnaJJides , from the Mountain ParnaJJus in Pbocis 9 
which has two Heads 5 a where if any Perfon flept, he 
prefen tly became a Poet* It was anciently called Lar* 
taps, from Larnace , the Aric of Deucalion , which rett¬ 
ed here, and was named ParnaJJus , after the Flood*, 
from an Inhabitant of this Mountain fo called. 

Cither ides or Cither iadesy from the Mountain Citbe- 

rorty where they dwelt- 


AonideSy from the Country Aonia . 

Pieridesy or Pieria* b from the Mountain PieruSy or 
Pieriay in Thrace \ or from the Daughters of Pierius 
and Anippc\ who, daring to contend with the Mufes* 

were changed into Pyes. * 

Pegafides and Hippocrenides , from the famous Foun¬ 
tain Helicon y which, by the Greeks is called c Hippa- 
crency and, by the Latins* d Caballinus* both which 
Words fignify theHorfe’s Fountain : It was alfo named 
PcgafeiuSy from Pegafus the 'winged Horfe , c who link¬ 
ing a Stone in this Place with his Foot, opened the 
Fountain, f and the Waters of it became I'ocaL 

Aganippidesy or Aganipfca* from the Fountain Aza** 
nippe . 6 

Cajialicles , from the Fountain Cajlalius at the Foot of 
Parnajfus . 



a Pvriius in Procemio. * Idem ibid. * Ah I Woe 

equus, & fons. d Caballinus a Caballus, id eft, 
equus. c Ovid. 5. Metam. f Sidonius Apollin. 


SECT. V. 


Number of 


P. 


W HAT was the Number of the A/Pufes? 

Some write, a that they were but 
i hree in the Beginning becaufe Sound* out of which 


* Var. apud Auguft. 


ail 



igz Of the Gods of the Heathens - 

all Singing is formed, is natural !y threefold\ either mad? 
by the Voice alone; or by blowing, as in Pipes : or by 
ftriking as in Citterns or Drums. Or, it may be, be- 
caufe there are three Tones of the Voice or other In. 
firuments, the Bcife, the Tenor, and the Treble . *(j r 
becaufe Three is the molt perfect of Numbers ; for it 
agrees to the Perfons of the Godhead. b Or, ialUy, 
becaufe all the Sciences are diflributed into threegene¬ 
ral Parts, P‘bilof*phy , Rbctorick , and Ad’athemailcks\ and 
each three Parts are subdivided into three other Parts 
Philofophy , into LogicEthicks? and Phyfcks ; Rheiorhk 
into the Dcmonflrative , Deliberative , and 'JudicialKind-, 
uVI a thematic ks into Adufick^ Geometry , and 'Arithmciick: 
Whence it came to pafs, that they reckoned not only 
Three Mufes but Nine. 

Others give us a different Reafon why they are Nine. 1 
c When the Citizens of Sicyon appointed three fkilful 
Artificers to make the Statues of the Three Mufes , pro- 
mifing to chufe thofe three Statues out of the Nine, 
which they liked belt 5 they were all fo well made that 
they could nofc.tell which to chufe ; fo that they brought 
them all, and placed them in the Temples: And Hrjiod 
afterwards affign’d to them the Names mention’d above. 

JP. Were they Virgins ? 

A/I. ,l Some affirm- it; and others deny* it, who rec¬ 
kon up their Children. But, however 5 let no Perfon 
defpife the A/tufes , unlefs he deflgns to bring Deftruflion 
upon himfelf by the Example of Thainyrasox T'ba?nyris; 
e who, being conceited of his own Beauty and Skill in 
Singing, prefumed to challenge the Mufes to ling, up¬ 
on Condition, that, if he was overcome, they fliould 
puniffi him as they pleafed. And after he was over¬ 
come, he was deprived at once both of his Harp and his 
Eyes. 


a Cenforin. de die natali. b Phur. de Deorum Natnra. 
c Var. ibid, ex Lil. Gyr. p. 261. d Plato ap. eundem. Vide 
Nat. Com. e Homer. Iliad. 2. Plut. de Mufica. 

CHAP. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 193 

% 

« 

CHAP. X. 

Themis, Astr^a, Nemesis. 

p t HE SE three GoddefTes, I fee, contrive and 
I consult together of Affairs of great Moment,, 
]£ I fuppofe fo : For the Bufinefs of them is al- 
ujoft the fame : The fame Function is incumbent upon 
each of them. But, however, let us infpedl them all 

fingly* 

Themis, the nrft of them, a is the Daughter of Cae¬ 
lum and 'Terra . According to the b Signification of her 
Name, her Office is to inflrudl Mankind to do Things 
honeft, juft, and right. c Wherefore her Images were 
brought and placed before thofe who were about to 
fpcak to the People, that they might be admonifhed 
thereby to fay nothing in publick, but what was juft 
and righteous. Some fay, 11 fhe fpoke Oracles at Del¬ 
phi ^ before /lpolio ; though c Homer fays, that flie ferved 
Apollo with Ne&ar and Ambrofia. There was another 
Themis , of whom JttJiice , Law , and Peace are faid to be 
born. Hefzocl , by way of Eminence, calls her f Mode ft , 
bccaufe fhe was afhamed to fee any Thing that is done 
againft Right and Equity. Eufebius calls her Carmen - 
ta\ z becaufe, by her Verfe and Precepts , flic directs every 
one to that which is juft: When he means a different 
Carmenta from the Roman Carmcnta , who was the Mo¬ 
ther of Evunder j otlierwife called Themis TAicoJlrata , a 


a Hefiod. in Theogon. b enim. figniiicat fas . 

c Ex Lii. Gyr. d Ex Ovidii Metam. 1 . i. e Hymn, 
in Apollinem. f Vw&hAtjv, id eft, pudibundam. Hefiod. 
in T leogon. s Quod carminibus edi£tifque fuis prxei- 

piat unicuique quod juftum eft. Eufebius, 1 . 3. Prsep. 
Evang. 


o 


pro- 


*94 


Of the Gods- of the Heathens 


prophetical Lady. a She was worfhipped by the Roniam 
becaufe (lie prophefied ;..and was called Carmenta ,either 
b from the Vet'fe in.which file uttered her Predictions 
or c from the JVladncfs which feemed to po fiefs her when 
file prophefied. To this Lady an Altar was dedicated 
near the Gate Gar?nentali $, by the Capitol and a Tem¬ 
ple was built to her Honour alfo upon this Occafiou. 
tl The Senate forbad the married Women the Ufeof 
Litters or Sedans ; they combined together, and refoly- 
ed that they would never bring Childrenunlefs their 
Hufbands refeinded that Edi£t: They kept to this 
Agreement with fo much Refolution, that the Senate 
was obliged to change their Sentence, and yield to the 
Women’s Will,- and'allow them all Sedans- and Cha¬ 
riots again. And when their Wives conceived,, and. 
brought forth fine Children, they ere£ted a Temple 
in Honour of Carmenta■. 


AJlraa* c the Daughter of Jurora ^nd AJlraus^ the. 
"Titan (or, as others rather fay,-, the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
ter and Tbnnis) was efteemed f the Princcfs of JuJlice, 
The Poets feign, that in.the Gclde?i Age fhe defcendeA 
from Heaven to the Earth ;* and being offended’at -lafi: 
by the Wickednefs of Mankind, s fhe returned to Hea¬ 
ven a train, after all the other Gods had gone before her. 

• O 7 _ _ ^ . . « 1 , 1 XT r 


She is many Times diredily. called by the Name of 
Juflitia ; as particularly by h Virgil And when fhe had 


.1! 


3 - Solinus in deferiptione Romrc.- b ^ Carmine,.Ovid. 
Faff. c Quali carens mente. d Vide Ovid, in Hdlis, 1 * 3 » 
c Hefiod. in Theogon. f Juflitia: antiftita. 

? Viola jacet pietas y uirgo csede madentes■ 

Ultima cce lefl dm terras AJlr/ea r eh quit.* 

All Duty dies, and weary'd Juftice flies- 

From bloody Earth at lath and mounts the Skies. 

- - - extrema per illos . 

Juftitia exccdens tends <zjeftigiafieit . Virg, Geoig. . 2, 


ju flic el aft took her Flight from hence, and-here 
The Prints of her-departing Steps appear, returned' 

3 



Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 195 

♦ ^ 

returned to Heaven again, fhe was placed where we 
now fee the Conftellation u Virgo. 

The Parents of Ncmefis were b 'Jupiter and NeQeJJity ; 
or ? according to others, Nox and Oceanus . She was 
the Goddefs that re warded Virtue, and punifhed Vice 5 
and fhe taught Men their Duty ; fo that fhe received 
her Name c from the DiJlributio 7 i that jhe ?nacle to every 
body* Jupiter enjoyed her, as die Story fays, in the 
Shape of a Goofe 5 d after which file brought forth an - 
Eg-g, which fhe gave to a Shepherd, whom fhe met* 
to be' carried to Ldda, Leda laid up the Egg in a Box* 
and Helena was foon after produced of that Egg. But 
others give us quite different Accounts of the Matter, 
The Romans certainly facrificed to this Goddefs, when 
: they went to War; whereby they iignified that they 
never took up Arms, unlefs in a juff Caufe. She is 
called by another Name, A dr aft tea , from Adrajius , a 
King of the Argives^ who firft built an Altar to her: 

' Or, perhaps, from the c Difficulty of efcaping from her ; 

! becaufe no guilty Perfon can flee from the Punifhrheht 
■ due to his Crime, though fometimes JuJlice overtakes 
\ him late: She has indeed f Wings, but does not al~ 

: ways ufe them, but then s the flower her Foot is, the 
; harder is her Hand. 

Rhammifia is another Name of this Goddefs, from 
; Rharnnus , a Town in Attica , h where fhe had a Tem- 

i pie; in which 1 there was a Statue of her made of one 

* 

\ 


a Boccat. J. 4. Geneal. Deor. b Paufan. in Arcnd. 
c Atto evrivsfAjcrs&f, a diilributione quae unicuique 

fit, Plato de Legibus Dial. f! Apollodor. lib. a. Bibiioth. 
c Ab non, & hopdo-xw fugio, quod videlicet nemo nocens 
efhigere queat pamam fuis fceleribus debitam. 
f Paufan. in Atticis. 

s dd feelerum patnas ullrix ntenit ira c Tonantis i , 

Hoc graviore ma?m, quo gra^viore p-de. 

Vengeance divine to punifli Sin moves flow. 

The flower is its Pace, the furer is its Blow* 
h Strabo. 1 . g. * In Atticis. 

O 2 Stone* 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



Stone, ten Cubits high \ fhe holds the Bough of an 
Apple-tree in her Hand \ and has a Crown upon her 
Head, in which many Images of Doer were engraven, 
a She had alfo a Wheel, which denoted her Swiftnefs 
when fhe punifheth. 


a Sed Dea , qu<rs niijiiis cbJJat Rbczmaujia <vctis> j 

Ingemuit, Jtexitque rot am .-Claudian. j 

Th’ avenging Goddefs, t’our Defires unbent, J 

Firft groan’d, then turn’d her Wheel. | 


1 

' 

CHAP. XI. 

] 

SECT. I. Fhe Gods of the Woods, and the j 

Rural Gods. Firft , Pan. His Names . I 

_ i 

W E are now come into the fecond Part of the ) 

Right-hand Wall, which exhibits the Images \ 
of the Gods and GoddeJJes of the Woods . Here you may j 

fee the Gods Pan , Sylvanus , and the Fauni , Satyr !, Si- j 
lenus , Priapus , Ariftteus, and Fer?ninus . 1 

And there you fee the GoddefTes, Diana, Pales , Fio* \ 
ra, Feronia^ Pomona , and an innumerable Company of 1 
Nymphs . 'j 

P. What GWj do you fhew me ? Do you call thofe j 
Cornuted Monfters Gods? Who are half Men, and 
. half Bealls, hairy, and ihaggy, with Goats' Feet, and ] 
Horfes 5 Tails. ] 

M. Why not? Since they have attained to that Ho- j 
nour. Firft, let us examine the Prince of them all Pond 
Pa?i is called by that Name, either, as fome tell us,.] 
b becaufe he was the Son of Pe?ielope by all her Woocn\\ 
or c becaufe he exhilarated the Minds of all the Goih\ 
with the Mufickofthe Pipe, which he invented; and:j 
by the Harmony of the Cittern, upon which he played,] 


b A n«Vomrie, quod ex omnium Procorum congreflucuni] 

Penelope lit natus Samius. c Homer, in Hymn. 

fkilfully: 


t 





Pi. XIX. 


ZV' *9 ^ 























































































































































Of the Gods of the Heat belts. 197 

flcilfully as foon as he was born : Or, perhaps, he is 
called Pan? a becaufe he governs the Affairs of the 
Univcrfal W*orld by his Mind, as he reprefcnts it by 
h\s Body, as we fhall fee by and by. 

The Latins called him Inuus and Incubus , the Night- 
Mare \ b becaufe he ufes Carnality with all Creatures . 

And at Rome he was worfhipped, c and called Luper - 
cus and Lyccus . To His Honour a Temple was built 
at the Foot of the Palatine Hill, and Feftivals called 
Lupercalia were inffituted, in which his Prieffs, the 
Luperci y ran about the City naked. 

. - -—--- * - ■ -v » — - ■■■■■ —> 

3 Phurnutius. b Ab ineundo paffim cum omnibus ani- 
malibus. Servius in iEneid. c Jultin. 1 . 43. 


SECT. II. His Defcent • 


K i[ IS Defcent is uncertain; but the common Opi- 
1 nion is, that he was born of Mercury and Penelope . 

(I For when Mercury fell violently in love with her, and 
tried in vain to move her; at lafr, by changing him- 
fclf into a very white Goat, he obtained his Deftre, 
and begat Pan of her, when fire kept the Sheep of her' 
Father Icarius in the Mount Taygetus . Pan? after he 
was born, c was lapt up in the Skin of a Hare, and car¬ 
ried to Heaven. But why do I here detain you with 
Words? Look upon the Image of him. 


d Hefiod. in Euterpe. c Homer, m Hymn. 

SECT. III. The Image of P a n. 

P, T S that Pan ? f that horned half Goat, that re fern- 
A blcs a Beaft rather than a Man, much 1 efs a God ; 
whom I fee deferibed with a fmiling ruddy Face, and 
two Horns ; his Beard comes down to his Breaft ; his 

* Lucian, in Bacch. 

O 3 Skin 



198 Of the Xjods of the Heathens , 

Skin is fpotted, and his Legs and Thighs covered with 
long Hair ; he has the 1 all and the Feet of a Goat* 
his Head is crowned, and he holds a crooked Staff in 
one Hand, and in the other a Pipe of uneven Reeds, with 
the Mufick of which he can chear even the Gods them- 
felves. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys! 

M* Believe me, he has frighted the Men too: For 
when the Gauls , under Brennus their Leader, made an 
Irruption into Greece , and weie juft about to plunder 
the City Delpbos , Pan in the Night frightened themfo 
much, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
no-body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
that Men are in a Panick Fears , when we fee them af¬ 
frighted without a Caufe. 

Now hear what the Image of Pan fignifies. Pan , they 
fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfal World, as I intimated 
before : b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
lower Part a Beaft; becaufe the fuperior and celeftial 
Part of the World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
as is. the Face of this God, whofe Horns refemble the 
Rays of the Sun, and the Horns or the Moon. The 
Redncfs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is {bag¬ 
ged and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
wild Beafts, and Trees of the Earth below. His Goat’s 
Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; and his Pipe of 
feven Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-hook, crooked at 
the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 
the Year into itfelf. 


a Terrores Panic! eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentur. 
paufanias, Plutarchus. b Servius in Eclog. 2. 

4 

f 


SECT. 


'Of the ?Gods ‘qf.the Heathens. 199 

* 

SECT. IV. ,A£i ions of Pan. 

% 

p K U T what mean thofe young Ladles that dance 
J3 about Jiim ? 

M* They are Nymphs which dance to the Mufick 
of his Pipe; a which inftrument Pan firft invented. 
You 5 ]! wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
.Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, 4C b as oft as Pan blows 
“it, the Dugs of the Sheep arc filled with Milk:” For 
he is the G ':d cj the Shepherds and Hunters , the Captain 
of the Nymphs , the Prejident of the Mountains , and of 
a Country Life ; and the 0 Guardian of the Flocks that 
graze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpedl is.fo 
deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
Ham, he plea fed and gratified the Moon, <! as it is re¬ 
ported : The Nymph Echo fell alfo in Love with him, 
and brought him a Jdaughter named fringes, who 0 gave 
Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which fhe charm¬ 
ed Jofon . f He could not but plcafe Dryopc , to gFn 
whom, he laid afide, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
rinx With fo much Succefs.: For fhe ran away to avoid’fo 
filthy a Lover ; till coming to a River (where her Flight 


a Pan pr 'unus calamos cerd conjangere plures 

l>jYnu’t - : : -— Virg. Eel. 

Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
h Orpheus in Hymn. lbicu c , Poeta Grascus. 
c Pan cit"at oajes, o^uiunique magi/iros* Virg. Eel. 2. 

Pan loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks he feeds. 
l! Min? ere fie ni c ueo lante, f credere dignum ejl, 

•Pan Da/s u 4 readirs capiamtc^ Luna, fcjell it . Virg. Georg. 3.0 
Twas thus with Fleeces milky white (if we 
May truft Report) Pan, God of A ready. 

Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didlt thou difdain. 

When call’d in woody Shades, to eafe a Lover’s Pain. 

r i heactet. Poeta Gracus. f Homer, in Hymn 

o 4 


was 


198 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 

Skin is fpotted, and his Legs and 1'highs covered with 
long Hair ; he has the Tail and the Feet of a Goat; 
his Head is crowned, and he holds a crooked Staff in 
one Hand, and in the other aPipe of uneven Reeds, with 
the Mufick ofwhich he can cheat even the Gods them- 
felves. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys! 

M. Believe me, he has frighted the Men too : For 
when the Gauls , under Brennus their Leader, made an 
Irruption into Greece, and weie juft about to plunder 
the City Delphos , Pan in the Night frightened themfo 
niuch, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
no-body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
that Men are in a Paittck Fears , when we fee them af¬ 
frighted without a Caufe. _ 

Now hear what the Image of PiJTzfignines. Part , they 

fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfal World, as I intimated 
before : b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
lower Part a Beaft ; becaufe the fuperior and cekftial 
Part of the World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
as is. the Face of this God, whofe Horns referable the 
Rays of the Sun, and the Horns of the Moon. The 
JRednefs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is fhag- 
eed and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
wild Beafts, and Trees of the Earth below. His Goats 
Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; and his I ipe of 

feven Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-hook, crooked at 
the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 

the Year into itfelf. 



a Terrores Panici eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentui. 
paufanias, Plutarchus. b Servius in Eciog. z. 

✓ 


SECT. 



Of the 'Gods <of .the Heathens. 199 

SEC X. IV. ALlions of Pan. 



P.DIJT what mean thofe .young Ladles that dance 

about .him ? 

M* They are Nymphs which dance to the Mufick 
of his Pipe; a which inftrument Pan fir ft invented. 
You’ll wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, cc b as oft as Pan blows 
“ it, the Dugs of the Sheep are filled with Milk For 
he is the God of the Shepherds and Rim ter s , the Captain 
of.the Nymphs , the Prejident of the Mountains^ and of 
a Country Life ; and the c Guardian of the Flocks that 
graze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpedft is.fo 
deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
Ham, he plea fed and gratified the Moon, (l as it is re¬ 
ported : The Nymph Echo fell alfo in'Love with him, 
and brought him a i >a ugh ter named Ifingcs^ who c gave 
Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which fhe charm¬ 
ed Jafon. f He could not but pi cafe Dry ope , to gain 
whom, belaid afidc, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
rinx with fo much Succefs.: For fhe ran away to avoid fo 
filthy a Lover 3 till coming to a River (where her Flight 


a Pan primus cal am os cerd conj linger e pin res 
bijliitiit 


Virg. Eel. 


Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
h Orpheus in Hymn. !bicu% Poeta Grzecus. 
c Pan cunt o-ues , cnjiumque magi fir os. Virg. Eel. 2, 

Par. loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks he feeds. 

11 Mur. ere ftc m*veo lanes , fi credere dignum efl , 

•Pant Dcin sir cad itscaplam te, Luna , fefellit . Virg. Georo*. -3, 
was thus with Fleeces milky white (if we ° 

May trull Report) Pan , God of Arcady. 

Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didll-thou difdain. 

When call’d in woody Shades, to eafe a Lover’s Pain. 
r 1 hea.net. Poeta Grsecus. f Homer, in Hymn. 

O 4 


was 


200 Of the Gods of the Heathens . j 

was flopped) fhe prayed the Naiades , the Nymphs of th 
Watery becaufe file could not efcape her Purfuer, to . 
change her into a Bundle of Reeds, juft as Pan was \ 
laying hold of her, a who therefore caught the Reeds 1 
in his Arms inftcad of her. b The W inds moving | 
tliefe Reeds backward and forward occaftoned mourn- \ 
ful, but mufical Sounds, which Pan perceiving, cut \ 
them down, and made them Reeden Pipes. But c Lib ] 


a Hie fe mutarent liquidas ordfjc for ores : | 

Pantique cum prevfam fibi jam Syr rug a puiaret j 

Coy pc re pro Nympho c alamos triviffe palufres . Met. 1 . 1, | 

When, that ihe might avoid a 1 lift ful Rap?, | 

She begg’d her Siller Nymphs to change her Shape: j 

Pan thought h’ had hugg'd his Miftrefs, when indeed 
He only hugg’d aTrufs of Moorifh keed. 1 

b Dtanque ibifufpirai ,. mot os in ar undine vent os \ 

BffeoffeJ'onum tenucm fmilemque querent :. | 

Arte'nova voefquc Dcian dit Ice dine cap t tan , ] 

JrJoc mi hi concilium tec tan, dixijfe, manebit ; } 

Atque it a difparibus calaniis compagine cert? j 

Inter fe junbtis nomen tenttijfe puella\ ] 

He lighs, his Sighs the toiling Reeds return J 

In foft fmall Notes, like one that feem’d to mourn; ) 
The new, but pleafant Notes the God furprife, j 

Yet this (hall make us Friends at laft, he cries ; j 

So he this Pipe of Reeds unequal fram’d j 

With Wax ; and Syrinx from his Miftrefs nam’d. 

c - Z'pb) ri cava per calamorum Jibila primtim 

Agrefcs aocucre cavas infare dent as; j 

Judd mi nut at/m dukes aidicete querelas, j 

Tibia qua$f tv dit digit is pulfata caveat um : \ 

Avia per ?:cmora ac fykvas faltufque reperta, j 

Per loca pa/iorum ceferta, atqne otia Dia, Lucr. 1 . {. j 

And whillt loft Evening Gale* blew o’er the Plains, j 
And fliook the founding Reeds, they taught the Swains; j 
And thus the Pipe was fram’d, and tuneful Reed; ] 

And whilft the tender Flocks fecurely feed, ! 

The harmlefs Shepherds tun’d their Pipes- to Love, j 
And Amaryllis founds in ev’ry Grove. _ : 



Of the Gods of the Heathens - 201 

cretins afcribes the Invention of thefe Pipes not to Pan, 
but to fome Country-men, who had obferved, on fome 
other Occafion, rhe Whiffling of the Wind through 
Reeds. In the Sacrifices of this God, a they offered 
to him Milk and Honey in a Shepherd’s Bottle. He 
was more cfpecially worshipped in Arcadia ^ for which 
Reafon he is fo often called b Pan Dens Arcadia?. 

Some derive from him c Hifpania , Spain 5 formerly 
called Iberia ; for he lived there, when he returned from 
the Indian War, to which he went with Bacchus and the 

Satyrs . 

a Theocr. in Viator.' b Virg. 3. Georg. 4. Eel. ? Lil. 

Gy r. 


CHAP. XII. 

% 

Sylvanus. 

A LTHOUGH many Writers confound the 
Sylvani , .. Fauni , Satyri , and Silcm\ with Pan 5 
yet many diftinguifti them ; therefore we will treat of 
them feparately, and begin with Sylvanus . 

That old Man is Sylvanus > whom you fee placed next 
to Pat?) with the Feet of a Goat, and the li Face of a 
Man, of little Stature; c he holds Cyprefs in his Hand 
Wretched out. He is fo called from bylvce^ the Woods ; 
for he prefides over them. f Fie mightily loved the Boy 
C';pari]Jus-y who had a tame Deer, in which he took 
g/eat Plcafure. Sylvanus by Chance killed if, where¬ 
upon the Youth died for Grief, e Therefore Sylvanus 
changed him into a Gyprcfs-irce, and carried a Branch of 
it always in his Hand, in Memory of his Lofs. 

(! /Elian. Hid. Varia.. 0 Mai tin. de Nuptiis. f Servius 
in Virg. Aneid. & Georg.- 

= Et teller am a radiccfcrcns , Sylvane, 0 //;v$&rza?. Georg. i .20. 

A tender Cyprefs .Plant Sylvanus bears. 

There 



202 


Of the Gods of the Heathens+ 

There were many other Sylvan who endeavoured, 
much as they could, to violate the Chaflity of Women, 
St. Aitjlln fays, a That they and the Fa uni ((commonly caL 
led Incubi) were oftentimes wicked to Women , dejiring and 
enjoying their Embraces. And Varro fays, that they were 
xnifehievous to big-bellied Women. 

a Eos cum Faunis (quos vulgo Incubos vocant) impro- 
Los faepe extitiffe mulieribus, & earum appetiiTe 8 c pere~ 
■giile concubitum. Aug. ae Civitate Dei, 1 . 15. c. 23. 


CHAP. XIII. 

SlLENUS. 

■^'|'~ V HAT old Fellow, who follows next, with a fiat 
JL Nofe, and a bald Head, with large Ears, and a 
fmall, fat, gore-bellied Body, is Silenus ; fo called, b from 
his jocular Temper , becaufe he perpetually jefts upon 
People. He fits upon a c Saddle back'd Afs; but, when 
he walks, he leans upon a Staff. He was Bacchus's Fof- 
ter-Father, his M after, and his perpetual Companion, 
and confequently almoft always drunk, as we find him 
deferibed d in the fixth Eclogue of Virgil . The Cup 

w h i ch 


b J A 7 to (Ti7&aim» 9 id eft, didteria in aliquem dicere, 

./Elian. 3. Var. Hift. c. 10. c Fando Aiello. 
d Silenum pucrifo?nno '-v id erejaccntcm? 

Inftatnm hefter710 c ve?icis? ut jemper , Iaccho ; 

Serta procul tantum capiti delapfaj ace bant? 

JSt grant is attritd pendebat cantharus a 7 isa . 

--* Two Satyrs , on the Ground, 

Stretch’d at'their JEafe, their Sire Silenus found ; 

Dos’d with his Fumes, and heavy with his Load, 
They found him fnoring in his dark Abode ; 

His rofy Wreath was dropp’d not long before, 

Dome by the Tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor. 


♦ 

Of the Gods of the Heathens , 203 

w hich he and Bacchus ufed was called Cantharus ; and 
the Staff with which he fupported himfelf a Ferula : 
This he ufed when he was fo drunk, as it often happen- 
that he could not fit, b but fell from his Afs. 

The Satyrs were not only conftant Companions of 
Silenus , but were aftiftant to him; for they held him in 
o-reat Efteem, and honoured him as their Father; and 5 
c\ v hen they became old, they were called Silent too. 
And concerning Silenus 9 s Afs, they fay, that d he was 
tranflated into Heaven, and placed among the Stars ; 
becaufe, in the Giants War, Silenus rode on him, and 
helped Jupiter very much. 

c But when Silenus once was taken, and afked. What 
was the bejl "Thing that could hefal Man? He after long 
Silence anfwered. It is heft for all never to be born , but 
being born , to die very quickly . Which Expreflion Pliny 
reports aim oft in the fame Words, f "There have been 
many who have judged it very happy never to have been 
born , or to die immediately after one 9 s Birth . 


His empty Can, with Ears half worn away. 

Was hung on high, to boaft the Triumph of the Day. 
a Quinque fcnexfend a tit ub antes ebriits art us 
Suftmet , £5 pando non fortiter htsret afello . Ovid. Met. 4^ 
His Staff does hardly keep him on his Legs, 

When mounted on his Afs, fee how he fwags. 
b Ebrius ecce fetiex pando delapfus afello , 

Clamarunt Satyri, /urge, age, /urge , pater. De Art. Am. 2. 
Th’ old Soker’s drunk, from’s Afs he’s got a Fall, 
Roufe, Daddy, roufe, again the Satyrs bawl. 
c Paufanias in Atticis. d Aratus in Phsenomen. c Ro- 
gatus quidnam ejfet hominibus optimum? refpondit, omnibus effe 
optimum non nafci , & natos quam citijfime interire* Plut. in 

Confolatione Apol. f Multi exiifcre qui non nafci optimum 
cenferunt , aut quam citijfme akoleri . Plin. in Prasfat. 1 . 7. 


CHAP. 



204 


Of the Gods of the Ileatbens. 



CHAP. XIV". 

The Satyr s. 

* 

EHOLD! a Thofe ar e.Satyrs who dance in laf 
civ ions Motions and PoRures under the Shade of 
that tali and threading Oak; they have Heads armed 
w;th Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
rough, hairy Bodies, and Tails not much fhorter than 
Horfes Tails. There is no Animal in Nature more 
fallacious and libidinous than thefe Gods. Their b 
Name itfself (hews the Filthinefs of their Nature : And 
Paufanicu gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
fom’e Manners, who were drove upon a defart I Hand 
by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
of Satyrs : The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
thernfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men^ 
bui they feized the JVamcn, and committed all Manner 
of Wickcdnefs with them* 


a Paufan. in Attieis. b Satyrus dcrivatur, «?ro &*«&*?> 
a veretro, Jiufeb. in Prtep. Evang„ ibid. 



C H A P. XV. 

The Fauns. 

T HE Fauns , which you lee joined with' the Satyr s x 

differ from them in the Name onlv *, at leaft they 
are not unlike them in their Look.s v L for they have 
Hoofs and Horns, and are fI crowned with the Branches 


cl Idem, in Epiftola Ocnones. 


c Ovid. Fafloruai 2. 

I 



« 



of the Pine, When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
flupify them (as it is faid) with 41 their Looks alone. 
The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods 5 
and pay them the more Refpedl \ becaufe they are armed 
with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 

faunas, or Fatuellus (as he isotherwife called) c was 
the Son of Picus King of the Latins. d He married his 
own Sifter, whofe Name was Fauna or Fatita : He con- 
fecrated and made her Prieftefs, after which ihe had 
the Gift of Prophecy. Hiflory like wife tells us, that 
this Faimus was the Father and Prime of the other 
Fauns and the Satyrs- c His Name was given him from 
his Skill in Prophcfying , and from thence alfo Faiui fig- 
nifies both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and incoKfieJerate- 
ly, and Enthufiafts-, becaufe they, who propbefy, deli¬ 
ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
which themfelves, many Times, do not underftand. 


’h red roe. b Dli a ore lies. Virgil. 

7, /Eneid. 6. ll Nat. Comes 

lib. cj. c Faunus dicitur a faudo feu vatlcinando. Ser. 7. 
Ancid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 


2 Idem, in Epillola I 
Geore. 1, c Servius 



CHAP. XVI 



PRIAPUS. 

P.T f A ! What means that naked God, wuh his 
J Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
does he hide the Half of his Body fo? 

M, The Painter was mod eft, and therefore painted 
but half of him, becaufe he is a ftiamelefs and obfeene 
Deity: His Name is priapus. I am afhamed to teli 
the Story of him, it is fo very filthy ; and therefore I 
ill all fay only, that he was the Son of Ferns and Bacchus , 
born at L 


mitv* 
✓ * 


j - -j * _ 

t LampfacuSs where his Mother hating his Defor- 
and the £)i (proportion of his Members,. rejected 

h 1 m, 




CHAP. XIV. 

The Satyr s. 

B >. EHOL D ! a Thofe are Satyrs who dance in lah 
) civious Motions and Poffures under the Shade of 
that rail and fpreading Oak; they have Heads armed 
•w;th Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
rough, hairy Bodies, and Vails not much fit or ter than 
Horfes Tads. There is no Animal in Nature more 
fa!acinus and libidinous than thefe Gods. Their b 
Name itfel'f fhews the Filthinefs of their Nature : And 
Paufama .r gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
fame Manners, who were drove u-pon a defart Ifland 
by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
of Satyrs: The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
themfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men> 

bui they feized the lVamm % and committed all Manner 

* 

of Wickednefs with them. 


a Paufan. in Atticis. b Satyrus dcrivatur, ktto 7>fc g'o&c. 
a veretro, Eu&b. in Prcep. Evang- ibid. 


CHAP, 


XV. 


''I be Faun s. 

T HE Fauns , vvhich you fee joined with the Satyrs t 

differ from them in the Name only; at leafl they 
are not unlike them in their Looks :■ c For they have 
Hoofs and Horns-, and are d crowned with the Branches 


cl Idem, in Epiflola Oenones 


vi 


c Ovid. Fnflorum 2. 

4 


* 

Of the Gods of the Heathens 



of the Pine. When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
flupify them (as it is faid) with a their Looks <done« 
The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods 5 
and pay them the more Refpedl 5 becaufe they are armed 
with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 

bauniis* or Fat u ell us (as he isotherwife called) c was 
the Son of Pious King of the Latins. d He married his 
own Sifter, whofe Name was Fauna or Fatua : He con- 
fecrated and made her Prieftefs, after which (he had 
the Gift of Prophecy. Hiftory like wife ted l.s us, that 
this Faun us was the Father and Prince cf the other 
Fauns and the Satyrs . c His Name was given him from 
his Skill in Prophefying , and from thence alfo Fatui fig- 
nifies both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and incojificJerate- 
ly, and Enthufiafts-, becaufe they, who propbefy, deli¬ 
ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
which themfelves, many Times, do not underftand. 


a Idexn, in Epiftola Phaidnc. b Dii agreiles. Virgil. 
Georg. 1« c Servius 7. /Eneid. 6. cl Nat. Comes 

lib. c Faunus dicitur a fando feu vaticinando. Ser- 7. 

Jlneid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 


CHAP. XVI 

Priapus, 


P 



|T A ! What means that naked God, wuh his 
Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
does he hide the Half of his Body fo? 

lid. The Painter was mod eft, anti therefore painted 
but half of him, becaufe he is a fhamelefs and obfeene 
Deity: His Name is Priapus . I am afhamed to tell 
the Story of him, it is fo very filthy ; and therefore I 
(hall fay only, that he was the Son of Verm and Bacchus ^ 
born at Lampfacus , where his Mother hating his Defor¬ 
mity, and the Di('proportion of his Members* rejected 

h 5 L 1 /. a 


2,0 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

him. Yet he plea fed the Women of Lampfacus , info, 
much, that their Hufbands banifhed him from the City, 
till by the Oracle’s Command he was recalled, and 
made God of the Gardens , and crowned with Garden 
Herbs. He carries a Sickle in his Hand, to cut off from 
the Trees all fuperfluous Boughs, and to drive away 
Thieves and Beads, and mifchievous Birds; from 
whence he is called Avijhipor . Therefore his Image is 
ufually placed in Gardens, as we may leant from a 77- 
bullus , b Virgil , and c Horace . He is called Hellefponti- 
aens by the Poets ; becaufe the City of La?npfacu 
where he was born, was fituated upon the JHellefpont . 
All agree that he was very deformed, and they fay, that 
this was the Occafion of the Deformity of this God. 
When Juno faw Venus was big with Child, (lie was 
jealous ; and therefore, under Pretence of aflifting her 
in her Labour, fhe fpitefully mifufed her, fo that the 
young Child was fpoiled and deformed, and from his 
Deformity called Priapus , Phallus , and Fafcwum ; all 
which three Names favour of Obfcenity \ though by 
fome fl he is called Bonus Damon, or Genius . Indeed 

a Po?noffque ruber cufos ponatur in hortis y 
Sire eat ut fewd falce Priapus aves. 

With. th ? fwarthy Guardian God our Orchards grace, 
With this luff Sickle he. the Birds will chace. 
b Et cufos fur tun atque avium cum falce falig7za 
HelleJ ~p cntiaci fervor tuielu Priapi. Georg. 1 . 4. 

Befides the God obfeene, who frights away, 

With his Lath Sword, the Thieves and Birds of Prey. 
c Oil:7 z iruncus cram fculnus , inutile lignum. 

Cum fciber incertus fcamnutn facer cine Priapujtt) 

Malult effc Deiwi . Dens inde ego furum uviumqne 
Maxima for mi do. Hor. Sat. 8. 

Till Artills doubting, which the Log was good 
For, Stool, or Gcd ; refolv’d. to make a God; 

So I was made; my Form the Log receives: 

A mighty Terror I to Birds and Thieves, 
d Fide P bur nut turn. 


Juno's 




Juno’s Touch was not neceflary to make the Child 
in on ft ro us 3 for, can any beautiful Offspring be expected 
from a Sot and and a Whore ? 


CHAP. XVII.. 

Arist^us. 

ttjTE is called Arijlams^ whom you fee bufied in that 
Nurlery of Olives, fupporting and improving the- 
Trees. He is employed in drawing Oil from the OJive 3 . 
which Art he firft invented. He alfo found out the Ufe 
of Honey, and therefore you fee fome Rows of Beehives 
near him. a For which two profitable Inventions, the 
Ancients paid him divine Honours. 

He was other wife called Nomius and Agrecus^ and 
was the Son of b Apollo by Cyrene , or, as Cicero fays, the 
Son of Liber Pater , educated by the Nymphs* and taught 
by them the Art of making Oil, Honey, and Cheefe„ 
He fell in Love with Euridice the Wife of Orpheus^ and 
purfued her into a Wood, where a Serpent ftung her 
lb that fhe died. The Nymphs hated him fo much for 
this, that they deftroyed all his Bees, to revenge the 
Death of Euridice . This Lofs was exceedingly de¬ 
plored by him ; and afking his Mother’s Advice, he 
was told by the Oracle, that he ought by Sacrifices to- 
appcafe Euridice . Wherefore he facrificed to her four 
Bulls, and four Heifers, and his Lofs was fiipplied 5 for 
fuddenly a Swarm of Bees burft forth from the Carcafes 
of the Bulls. 


a Paufimias in Arcadicis.. b Apollonius, 1 .. 6 . in.Ver— 
ron, 

9 


C H A P„ 


2o8 



CHAP. XVIII 


Te r M I N u s. 


p. T> UT, pray, what is that Stone or Log placed 

JO there? (It is fo far off that I cannot tlifiin. 
guifia whether of the two it is.) 

Jlf. It has a Place among the rural Gods, becaiife it 
is a God itfelf. 

P. A God, do you fay? Surely you jeft. Sir. 

M No ; it is not only a God, but a God greatly 
honoured in this City of Rome. They call him Ter- 
minus , and imagine that the Boundaries and Limits of 
Men’s Eftates are under his Protcftion. His Name, 
and tlie divine Honours paid to him by the Ancients, 
are mentioned by a Ovid, by b Tibullus , and by c Seneca. 
The Statue of this God d was either a fquare Stone, or 
a Log of Wood plained ; which they ufually perfumed 
with Ointment, and crowned with Garlands. 

And indeed the Lapides Terminates (that is, Land- 
Marks) were efttemed Jacred: c i'o that whoever dared 




rl 

e 


Ter mine , five lapis, fi^jc cs defertus in agro 

Stipes , ab p.ntiqiiis ft-: qi toque nesnen babes. Ovid. Faft. 2> 

Terminus , whether Stump or Stone thou be. 

The Ancients gave a Godhead too to thee. 

Nam veneror, feu fifes babet defert ns in agris 9 
Seu veins in iriviis fieri dj fertu lapis. 

For I my Adoration freely give. 

Whether a Stump forlorn my Vows receive. 

Or a beflower’cl Stone my Wcrfhip have. 

Null us in carnpo fr.ee r 


c _ 


Cn - 


Divifit agro- arbiter pcpulis lapis. Hippol. A 'ft. 2. fc. / . 
The facred Land-Mark then was quite unknown. 

Arnobius contra Gcntes, 1 . 2 • Clemens Alex. Strom. 7. 
Dion Kali cam. 1 . 2. 

to 





PI. XX. 





























































































Of the God's of the Heathens . '209 

to rnove, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
Place, his Head became devoted to the Diis Tenhinali- 
b'us> and it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 

And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
\vas not lawful to Jiain ihemivith Blood; yet they offer¬ 
ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the firfh Fruits 
of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
Year they always obferved Feftivals to their Honour, 

called Terminalia. 

Now we pafs to the Goddejfes of the Woods. 


CHAP. XIX. 

9 

The Goddefs of the Woods. Dian^. 

• • 


P, TT is very well. Here come a Goddefs a taller 
1 than the other GoddelTes, in whofe Virgm-Looks 
wemayeafe:our Eyes, which have been tired with the" 
horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome, 
Diana 5 b your hunting Habit, the Bow in your Hand, 
and the Quiver full'of Arrows, which hangs downfrom 
your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer faftened to your 
Bread:, difeover who you are* c Your Behaviour,-which 
is free and eafy,but medeft and decent ^ your Garments, 
which are handfome arid yet careiefs$ fhew that-you 
area Virgin. Your d Name fhews your Modefly and 
Honour. I wifh that you, who are the talleft of the 
GoddefTes, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity. ForJ 
know you hate, you abhor the Conversation of Ivlern 


‘ Virgil ^Eneid. 1 . 1. ■•’■Idem ibid. «= Paufan. In Area- 

ApTEfMq, ab-ctgTepyjs, perfettus, pudiciriam' inte- 

gmatemque Diana; indicat. Strabo; 1. 14. "= Homer. 

Udvli. 20. , , • 

• « * 1 . • 

♦ ^ 

p 


* 


4 


and 




PI. XX. 




































































































Of the Gods of the Heathens . '209 

to move, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
Place, his Head became devoted to the Dils Tenhinali- 
fi us an d it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 

And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
y/as not lawful to fain them with Blood 5 yet they offer¬ 
ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the fir ft Fruits 
of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
Year they always obferved Festivals to their Honour,, 
called Terminalia . 

Now we pafs to the Goddeffes of the Woods . 

1 ♦ 


C H A P. XIX. 

* 9 

% 

: The Goddefs of the JVoods. Diana. 

0 

p, T-T is very well. Here come a Goddefs a taller 
• JL . than the other Goddeffes, in whofe Virgin-Looks 
we may eafe.our Eyes, which have been tired with the' 
Horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome, 
Diana 3 b your hunting Habit, the JBow in your Hand, 
and the Quiver full of Arrows, which hangs down from 
your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer faftened to your 
Breaft, difeover who you are* c Your Behaviour,-which 
is free and eafy, but modeft and decent; your Garments, 
which are handfome arid yetcarelefs^ fhew that you 
area Virgin. Your d Name fhews your Modefty and 
Honour. I wifh that you, who are the talleft of the 
Goddeffes, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity, For,I 
know you hate, you abhor the Converfation of Men, 


* Virgil. ./Eneid. 1 . i. - b Idem ibid. c Faufan. In Area- 
(lids. ab perfeflns> pudiciriam inte- 

gritatemque Bianjfe indicat. Strabo* 1 . u, c Homer, 

Odyff 2o. 




i • 


and 


2i a- 


^ • r 

Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

and-fly from the very fight of them. Yet reject the 
Temptations of Delight, and abhor the charming 
Witchcraft of Phafure with all your Heart. 0 

Aftteon, the Son of Arijlaia , that famous-Hunifirian, 
a -fatally learned this, when he impudently looked upon 
you/Vhen you were naked in the Fountain : You de^ 
fcrred not the Punifhment of his Impurity for a Mo. 
meat, for, fprihkling him with the Water, you chang¬ 
ed him- into a Deer, to be afterwards torn m Pieces by 
his own Dogs. 

Farther Honour is due to you ; becau-fe you are the 
Moon ,, b the Glory of the Stars , and the only Goddefs, 
c who obferved perpetual Chaftky. 

Nor am I ignorant of that famous and deferving 
Action that you did, to avoid the f lames of Alpheus y 
when you fo haftily Red-to your Nymphs, who were 
all together in one Place 5. and befmeared both yourfelf 
and them with Dirt fo, that when he came he did not 
know you : Whereby your honed: Deceit fucceeded. 
according to your Intentions; and the Dirt, which 
fouls every Thing elfe, added a, new Du fire to your 
Virtue. Welcome once again, O ! * Guardian of the 
Mountains; by v/hofe kind Afiiltance Women in 
Child-bed are preferved from Death.. 

a Ovid. 4:.. Me tarn. b Aftrorum decus. Virg. iEneid. 9.. 
• c MUrnum te'lo rum M\ Virg i nit at is* amorcni. 

Interne rata eolith ' VIrg v JEneid. in 

——Heifelf untainted dill, : .... 

« • 

Hunting and Cha-ftity flie always roykL. • , 

Paufanias in potter. Eliac. . 
c 'Mi'opthim cifo.s, nemorunique Virga^ 
cfiec labor ant es''utero-pitellas - - • - v 

flir_ <vczata a: id is adimfque let ha . 

Diaja triform /Y. Hor. Cartn* 1 - 3* 

Queen of the Mountains and the Groves- 1 - 
Whofe-.Hand the teeming Pain removes. 

Who fa Aid the Sick and. .Weak implore*. 

And thrice invoke thy threefold Power. 

I 


4 


M. So!: 


♦ 

Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 211 

M. So ! Pala0philus y you have thus long cheated 
me ? 

p. What, I cheated you ? 

]\/l. Yes, you 3. you have'fo dexteroufly concealed 
your Knowledge, and endeavoured to make me be¬ 
lieve fo long, that you are ignorant and unfkilful in 
the Mythology of the Heathens. 

P, lam as unfkilful as I pretended. You may be¬ 
lieve me when I fwear, that I am - altogether ignorant 
cf thefe things'that you teach me. Nor can you*luppofe 
other wife'from thofe "Filings, which 1 now repeat about 
Plana. For, from a Boy I have loved this Goddefs for 
herMod'efry 3 and out of refpedl to her I learnt thefe 
few Things, which you heard me fpeak. I am wholly ' 
blind , and beg,' that by your Affiftance you would 
guide me. I fpeak fincerely, I am a mere Frefh-man. 

M. You can fcarce make me believe fo. But, how¬ 
ever, I will verify the old Proverb., a and teach one that 
knows more than rnyfelf. I will begin from that Word 
that you laft mentioned. 

Diana is called b Pr if or7)1 is and Pergemina . Fir ft, 
becaufe, though flic is but one Goddefs, yet (he hath 
three different Names, as well as three different Offices : * 
In the Heavens flic is called Luna ; on the Earth (lie is 
named Diana 3 and in Hell flic is fly 1 ed Hecate or Profer~ 
pina. In the Heavens fhe enlightens every Thing by 
her Rays ; on the Earth flic keeps under her Power all 
wild Beafts by her Bow and her Dart 3 and in Hell fhe 
keeps all the Ghofts and Spirits in 3 ubje£kion to her by 
her Power and Authority. Thefe feveral Names and 
Offices are comprifed in an ingenious c Diilich. But 1 
altho* Luna , Diana , and Hecate are commonly thought 
to be only three different Names of the fame Goddefs, 


Sus Minervam. b Cicero 3. de Nat. • 
c Teret, luflrat , agit 3 Prefer pin a , Luna , Diana ; 

Ima, fuprema , fera$ 3 feeptio 3 fid go re, fagittd. 

Dempfler. in Paralip. 
P 2 yet 




2I& 



yet a Hejiod efteems them three diftinfl: GoddeftL, 
Secondly, becaufe file has, as the Poets fay, Thru 
Heads : The Head of a Horfe on the right Side, of a 
Doo- on the Left, and a human Head in the Midft ; 
Whence fome call her b Three-headed, or Three-faced. 
And c others afcribe to her the Likenefs of a Bull, a 
Do o', and a Lion. 11 Virgil and e Claudian alfo men¬ 
tion her three Countenances. Thirdly,, according to 
the Opinion of fome, file is called Triformis, r becaufe 
the Moon hath three fever al Phafes or Shapes: The 
New-Moon appears arched round with a Circle of Light. 
The Half-Moan fills a Semicircle with Light; and the 
Pull-Moon fills a whole Circle or Orb with its Splen¬ 
dor. But let us examine tnefe Names more exactly. 

She is named Luna s horn fining, either becaufe ihe 
only in the Night-Time fends forth a glorious Light, or 
clfc becaufe file {hincs by borrowed Light, and not by 
her own; and therefore the Light with which file finnes 
is always 11 new Light. Her Chariot is drawn with a 
white and black Horfe; or with two Oxen; becaufe {hc- 
has got two Horns ; fometimes a Mule is added, fays 
Fed us, becaufe (he is barren, and finnes by the Light of 
the Sun. Some fay, that Luna of both Sexes have 




* 



a Orpheus in Argon. b v r^iTreouuTrov, Cor- 

nut. Sc Artemidor. 2. OneirociL c Porph. ap. Ger. 
d Percent uni toncit ore Deos, hrebunique, Chaojque, 
Tergeminamque Hecatcm , tria Virginis ora Diana. 

Erebus, and Chaos fhe proclaims. 

And threefold Hecate with her hundred Names, 

And three Diana 9 s. 

c Ecce prOcitl terms ',> Hecate <variata 9 figurjs. 

r (de P>aptu' Prof. 1 , 2- 


Behold far off the .Goddefs Hecate 
In threefold Shape advances 

f Ap. Lil. Gvr. M . 

s A lucendo/quod una fit qua: nodu lucet, Cic. 2 ; deMat. 
•vel K Quod luce aliena fplendeat, unde Gncce dicnur 

a crfAtfs «ov, id eft, lumen novum. Id. ibid. 

been 





l)een wor(hipped, efpecially among the Egyptians ; and 
indeed, they give this Property to all the other Gods. 
Thus both Ltmus and Luna were worfhipped, but with 
this Difference, that thofe who worfhipped Luna were 
thought fubjeffc to,the Women, and thofe who wor¬ 
shipped Lunus were fuperior to them. a We muff alfo 
obferve, that the Men facrificed to Venus , under the 
Name of Luna , in W omens Cloaths, and the Women 
in Men’s Cloaths. 

This Luna had a Gallant who was named Endytnion , 
and he was mightily courted by her .; b infomuch that, 
to kifs him, fhe defcended out of Heaven, and came 
to the Mountain Laitnus , or Lathynius , in Carla ; where 
he lay condemned to an eternal Sleep by Jupiter ^ bc- 
caufe, when he was taken into Heaven, he impudently 
attempted to violate the Modefty of Juno . In reality, 
findytnion was a famous VLJlrotiomer^ who firft defcribed 
the Courfe of the Moon, and he is reprefented Jleeping , 
becaufe he contemplated nothing but the Planetary 
Motions, 

Hecate may he derived from & [ Hecathen ] e?nz - 
ms ; becaufe the Moon darts her Rays or Arrozvs afar 
of c She is faid to be the Daughter of Ceres by 
Jupiter , who being calf out by her Mother, and ex- 
pofedin the Streets, was taken up by Shepherds, and 
nourifhed by them ; for which Reafon d fhe was wor- 
Jhipped in the Streets, and her Statue was ufually fet be¬ 
fore the Doors of the Houfes, whence fhe took the 
Name Propyl oca, Others derive her Name from top 
[Hekaton] centum , becaufe they facrificed a hundred 
Viaims to her : c Or becaufe, by her Edift, thofe who 


a Servius iu 2. -Eneid.. Philocor. Spartian. in Imp. Ca- 
.rKeal. b Apoll. 4. Argonaut. Plin. 1 . 2. c. o. 
c Heflod. in Theogon. 

d Nn&urwjque Hecate triruiis ululata per urles . 


And Hecate by Night 
c Paufan. in Atticis. 


Virg. iEneid, 9, 
ador’d with Shrieks. 


t 



214 Of the Gods of the die at hens, 

die, and are not buried, zy cinder an hundred Years up a n p 
• down HelL However, it is certain, Hie is called Tri¬ 
via a Trlviis, from ihe Streets ; for fhe was believed to 
prefidc over the Streets and Ways; fo that they facri- 
fi.ee d to her in the Streets , a and the Athenians , every 
New Moon, made a Sumptuous Supper for her there, 
which was eaten in the Night by the Poor People of 
the City. b They fay that file was exccffive tall 5 her 
Head was covered with frightful Snakes inftead of Hair, 
and her pe.et were like Serpents. c She was rep relented 
encompalled with Dogs : becaufe that Animal was 
facrcd to her \ and Hejychius fays, that Ihe was fome- 
times reprefen ted by a Dog. We are told that fhe 
prefidcd over Inchantments, and that, d when fhe was 
called feven Times, fhe came to the Sacrifices : As 
foon as thefc were finifned, c feveral Apparitions ap¬ 
peared, called from her Hecataa. 

She was called by the Egyptians f Bubajiis 5 her 
Fcafts were named Bulajhta \ and the City where 
they were yearly celebrated, was called Bubajiis . 

Brimo is another of the Names of Hecate and Diana ; 
which is derived from s the City , which fhe gave when 
Apollo or Mars offered Violence to her when foe was 
U hunting. 

She was called Lucira, and Op is , becaufe h foe helps to 
bring the Children into the JVci Id , which good Office (as 
they fay) {he fir ft performed to her Brother Apollo:■ 
For, as foon as foe herfclf was born, fhe affiftedher 
Mother Lai an a, and did the Office of a Midwife \ 
1 but was fo affrighted with her Mother’s Pain, that 
foe rcfolvcd never to have Children, but to live a Vir¬ 
gin perpetually. 


:l Anftophi.nes in Pluto. 




b Lucian. Pfeucloph. c A- 
pul Gvraiu. Apollin. a Arc-or.ant. c Ovid. o. Metam. 
f Apollon. 3. Arr,on. R a iVjMBw, fremo, ira exardeico. 

v ^ ^ 4 4 * - n 

n Quod ir/il.mihii? in lueem venientibus open jferat, Aug. cie 
Civirat. 4. c, 2. \ Caiiimach. Hymn, in Dian* 

x bn 


n 

v/ 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 215 

She is called Cbitone and Chitonia , n becaufe Women., 
?.fter Child-birth, ufed firft to facrifice to *Juno , and 
then ofFer to Diana their own and their Children’s 

Cloaths. 

She was named Diflynna , -not only from the b Nets , 
which flie ufed c (for file was an Huntrefs, and the Prin- 
cefs of Hunters ; for which Reafon all Woods were de¬ 
dicated to her) but alfo becaufe 11 Britomarth the Virgin j 
whom file hunted, fell into the Nets, and vowed, if (he 
efcaped, to build a Temple for Diana. She did efcape, 
and then confecrated a Temple to Diana Diffynna* 
Others relate the Story .thus : When Brhomartis , whom 
Diana loved, becaufe {he was an Huntrefs, fled from 
Minos her Lover, and caft herfelf into the Sea; flic 
fell into the Fifhermens’ Nets, and Diana made her a 
Goddefs. And fince we are talking of Hunting, give 
me Leave, to add, that the c Ancients thought that 
Dion a left off Hun ting on the Ides of Augnjl 5 therefore 
at that Time it was not lawful for any one to hunt, 
but they crowned the Dogs with Garlands, and, by 
■the Light of Torches made of Stubble, they hung up 
the hunting Instruments near them. 

We fhal! only adjoin, to what has been faid, the two 
Stories o fDhjone and Meleager. 

Cbione was the Daughter of Daedalian , the Son of 
Dadctlus: She was deflowered by Apollo and Mercury , 
and brought forth Twins, namely, Pbilammon , a fkilful 
Mufkian, the Son of Apollo s and Antolychus the Son of 
Mercury , who proved a famous f Juggler, and an art¬ 
ful Thief. She was fo far from thinking this a Shame, 

.quail tunicata a yj-un, .tunica; folebant enim 
feemina: partus laboribus perfundtae Junoni facrificare; fuas 
autem Sc in fan tiu m voltes Dianas confecrare. Plat. 3. Sympof. 
c. ult. b Retia enim fev* dicuntur. 

c Ovid. 2. Metam. La£t. Plac. d Schol. Arifloph. 

• c Brodaeus in Anthol. ex Schol. Pindari. 

* 

•f- Furtum ingeniofus ad o?nne 9 

Qni facere afterai , patr'us non degetter art is* 

P 4 


thufi 




that fhe grew very proud ; nay openly boafted, a that 
her Beauty had charmed two Gods, and that (he had 
two Sons by them. Befides, fhe was b fo bold as to 
fpeak fcornfully of Diana's Beauty, and to prefer her- 
felf before her: But Diana did herfelf Juftice, and pu- 
nifhed the Infolence of this Boafter; for fhe drew her 
Bow, and Shot an Arrow through her Tongue, and 
thereby put her to Silence. 

Meleager was punifhed for his Father c Oenetih 
Fault, who, when he offered his firft Fruits to the 
Gods, wilfully forgot Diana ; wherefore fhe was an¬ 
gry, and fent a wild Boar into the Fields of his King¬ 
dom of Caledonia to deffroy them. Meleager , accom¬ 
panied with many chofen Youths, immediately under¬ 
took either to kill this Boar or to drive him out of the 
Country. The Virgin Atalanta was among the Hun¬ 
ters, and gave the Boar the fir ft Wound \ and foon af¬ 
ter Meleager killed him. He valued Atalanta more who 
wounded him, than himfelf who killed him, d and 
therefore offered her the Boar’s Skin. But the Uncles 

of 


Candida de nigris 15 de. c andcnil bus atra . Ovid. Met. n. 
Cunning in Theft, and wily in all Sleights. 

Who could with Subtlety deceive the Sight, 
Converting white to black, and black to white. 

a -- Se peperifte- duos , ta Diis placuijje duobus. 

That file two Sons had brought, by having pleas’d two 

h - Se prefer re Dianre (Gods. 

Suft innit 9 faciemque Dea? culpasvit. At ills 
Ira ferox mot a eft , faclifque placabimus , inquit . 

Nec mora, eur-uanjit cornu , ner<vufque fagittam 
Zmpiditj ei merit am irajecitarundine linguam. 

She to Diana's durft her Face prefer, 

.And blame her Beauty. With a cruel Look, 

She faid our Deed ihall right us._ Forthwith took 
Her Bow, and bent it ; which fhe flrongly drew. 

And through her guilty Tongue die Arrow flew. 
c Ovid. 8. Metarn. 

<J ,—- Exuujias, rigidis horrent ia Jet is 

ST?rga dot, & magnis inftgnia dentibns ora ., 



Of the Gods of the Heathens , 2x7 

of Meleager were enraged that the Hide was given to a 
Stranger, and violently took it from her; whereupon 
Mdeager killed them. As foon as his Mother Altbcaa 
underfood that Meleager had killed her Brothers, fhe 
fought Revenge like a Mad-Woman. In stltbczcds 
Chamber was a Billet., which, when Meleager was 
born, a the Fates took, and threw it into the Fire, fay¬ 
ing? The new-born Infant fhall live as long as this Stick 
remains unconfumed. The Mother fnatched it out of 
the Fire, and quenched it, and laid it in a CJofet. But 
now, moved with Rage, file goes to her Chamber, and, 
fetching the Stick, b fhe threw it into the Fire ; and, as 
the Log burned, Meleager , tho’ ah fen t, felt Fire in his 
Bowels, which confumed him, in the fame Manner that 
the Wood was confumed ; and when at laft the Log was 
quite reduced to Afhes, and the Fire quenched, Melea - 
ger, at the fame Time, expired, and turned to Duft. 

Illi hetitia: eft cum mitnere muneris an Si or, 

Invidere alii,, totoque erat agmzne murmur . 

Then gave the briftled Spoil and ghaflly Head 
With monftrous Tufhes arm’d, with. Terror bred. 

She in the Gift and Giver Pleafure took. 

All murmur, with prepolt'erous Envy, flruck. 

Tempera, dixenmt, eadc??i ligtioque tibique, 

0 mo do nate , da?mis ; quo pqftquam carmine diSio 
Excejfere De<e ; Jlagrantem mater ab igne 
Eripuit ramum, fparfttque liquentibus undis ; 

Servatu/que diu jivvenis Jer^vawrat aim os. 

O lately born, one Period we aflign 

To thee and to the Brand. The Charm they weave 

Into his Fate, and then the Chamber leave. 

His Mother {hatch’d it with a ha fly Hand 

Out of the Fire, and quench’d the flagrant Brando 

This in an inward Clofet clofely lays. 

And by preferving it prolongs his Days. 
b — Dcxtraque awrfa trementi, 

Funercum torrem medios conjee it in igne's . 

-With Eyes turn’d back, her quaking Hand 

To trembling Flames expos’d thcFun’ral Brand. 

CHAR 



Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


21 8 

C H A F. XX. 

« 

Pales. 

n^HAT old Lad}', which you fee a furroundcd 
JL with Shepherds^ is Pales the Go chiefs of Shepherds 
&nd Pajtures. Some call her Magi:a Mater^ and Vefta, 
To this Gocldefs they facrificed Milk and Wafers made 
of Millet, that fhe might make the Failures fruitful. 
They infHtuced the Feafts called Palilia or Partita to 
Ber Honour, which were obfcrvecf upon the eleventh or 
twelfth Day of the Calends of S/Jay t . bjr she Shepherds, 
in the Field on the fame Day in which Romulus, laid 
-the Foundation of the City. Xhefe Feafts were cele¬ 
brated to appeafethis Goddefs, that ille might drive a- 
wzy the Wolves, and prevent the Difeafes incident to 
Cattle. The Solemnities obferved in the PalillanFeojU 
were many: The Shepherds placed little Heaps of St raw 
in a particular Order, and at a certain Diftance; then 
they danced and leaped over them: Then they purified 
the Sheep, and the reft of the Cattle with the Fume of 
JRofernary, Laurel, Sulphur, and the like 5 as we learn 
from Chizcfy h who gives a Defcrlption of thefe Rites. 


•'*- Virg. Eclog- 

b Alma Pales, farueas paper la pacra canentl, 

Profcquar officio f tita faSia ?nco* 

Carte ego de •vituln cincrcm, pipidamquc fahah?;i 
8 ape Cull, larva, febnta toft a, manu.. 

Ceric ego trcvfdui poptas ter iti or dine'pamwias , 

Vsrgaqua rorales taura a tnipt aquas* 

Great Pales, help ; the Paff’ral Rights I fing. 
With humble Duty mentioning each Thing. 

A fn es of Calves, and B r an - S t r a vy oft I’ve held. 
With burnt Purgations in a Hand well fill’d. 
Thrice o’er the Flames, in order rang’d, I’ve leapt, 
And holy Dew my Laurel Twig* has dript. 


C H A P, 



Of. the Gods of the Heathens . 


£59 


CHAP 



Flora 




OU need not tell me who that GodJefs is. 


whom I fee adorned with, fo much Finery 
and Gracefulnefs, fo dreficd and beautified with Flow¬ 
ers. It is ■“lorci , the Goddcfs and Prcfulent of Flowers, Is 

it not ? 

] 4 . It is true, the Roma?is gave her the Honour of a 
Gsddefs ; but, in Reality, fne was a famous Strumpet, 
who? by her abominable Trade, heaped up a great deal 
of Money, and made the People of Rome her Heir. 
Particularly, fhe left a certain Sum, the yearly In¬ 
ter eft of which was fettled, that the Games, called 
Vloroles , or Floral: a 0 might be celebrated annually on 
her Birth-Day. But, becaufe this appeared fcanda- 
Jous, impious, and profane to the Senate, as it really 
was, they covered their Defign, and worshiped Flora , 
under the Title of Goddefs of Flowers ; and pretended 
that they offered Sacrifice to her, that the Plants and 
Trees might flourifh. 

Ovid follows the fame Fidlion, and relates, that 
Chloris , an infamous Nymph, was married to Zcpby- 
rus , from whom {lie received the Power over ail the 
Flowers: But let us return to Flora and her Games. 
Her Image, as we find in Plutarch , was expo fed in the 
Temple of Gaft or and Pollux , dreficd in a clofie Coat, 
and holding in her Right-hand the Flowers of Beans 
and Peafe. c For, while thefe Sports were celebrated, 
the Officers, or /Fellies ^ fcaltered Beans , and other Pi/Je 
amongft the People. Thefe Games were proclaimed 
begun by Sound of Trumpet, a5 we find mention- 


o .-I 

tiiiU 


a Ln&nntius, 
Max. 1. 2. c. 5. 


1 . ? 


c. 


4 


b Ovid, in Faftis. 


Val. 


ed 



220 Of the Gods 

ed in a Juvenal . Then the lewd Women came forth 
in public, and {hewed Tricks naked. Strange! that 
fuch Filthinefs (hould be called Flores 9 and fuch Games 
Flora Ha. 



a - Dignijfima certe 

Florali Matrona tuba. —- Juaj. Sat. 6. 

-A Woman worthy fare 

Gf Flora 9 s Feltal Trumpet. 


'■ ” r r - _ 

C H A P. XXII. 

a 

F E R O N I 



‘ :i ypErom'a, the a Goddcfs of the Woods , is juftly placed 
dd near Flora the Goddcfs of Flowers : She is called Fe¬ 
ronia , from the Care {he takes in b producing and pro¬ 
pagating Trees. The higher Place is due to her, be- 
caufe Fruits are more valuable thanFlowers, and Trees 
than fmall and ignoble Plants. It is laid, {he had a 
Grove facred to her, under the Mountain Sora6le\ this 
was fet on Fire, and the Neighbours were refolved to 
remove the Image of Feronia from thence, when on a 
fudden the Grove became green again. c Strabo re¬ 
ports, that thofe who were infpired by this Goddcfs, 
ufed to walk bare-foot upon burning Coals without 
Hurt. Though many believed, that by the Goddefs 
Feronia that Virtue is only meant, by which Fruit and 
Flowers were -produced. 



a Virg. y.JEn . b Feronia a ferendis arboribus di&a. 
c Strabo Geogr. 1 . 5. 


CHAP. 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 221 

CHAP. XXIII. 

P O M O N A . 

P OMONA is the Goddefs , the Guardian , the Pro¬ 
ficient^ not of the a Apples only, but of all the Fruit 
fmd the Product of Trees and Plants. As you fee, {he 
follows after Flora and Feronia in Order 5 but in the 
Greatnefs of her Merit fhe far furpafles them 3 and has- 
aPrieft who only ferves her, called Flamen Pomonalis . 

P. What toothlefs Hag is that,- which is fo obfequi- 
ous to Pomona ? 

M* It is not an old Woman, but a God. I do not 
wonder that you are deceived, fince in this Difguife he 
deceived Pomona herfelf. When fhe was very bufy in 
looking after her Gardens and Orchards with great 
Care, and was wholly employed in watering and fe~ 
curing the Roots, and lopping the over-grown Bran¬ 
ches, b Vcrtumnus , a principal God among the Romans 
(called fo becaufe he had Power to turn himfeif into 
what Shape he pleafed) was in Love with Pomona , and 
counterfeited the Shape of an old grey-headed Woman. 
He c came leaning on a Staff into the Gardens, admir'd 
the Fruit and Beauty of them, and, commending her 
Care about them* he faluted her. Pie viewed the^Gar- 
dens, and, from the Obfervations which he had made, 
he began to difcourfe of Marriage, telling her that k 
would add to the Happinefs even of a God to have her 
to Wife. Obferve, fays he, the Trees which creep up 
this Wall: Plow do the Apples and Plums ftrive which 
(hall excel the other in Beauty and Colour! whereas. 


a Pomona a pomis dicitur. h Vertumnus a vertendo- 

quod in quas vellet figuras fefe vertere poterat. 
c lunite?i> bacido, pcjltis per tempera ca?)is . 

With grey-hair’d Noddle, leaning on a Staff. Ov. Met. 14 , 


222 


Qj the Gods of the Heathens* 

If they had not a Props or Supports, which, like Huf- 
bands, hold them up, they would perifh and decay. j\\\ 
this did not move her, till Verinmnus b changed himfelf 
Into a young Man, and then file began alio to feel the 
Force and Power of Love, and fubmitted to his 

W i (h es. 

% 



a At ft floret,, ait, c&lcbsfine palmiie trztncus , 

Nil prazier frondesy quare peieretur, bciberet ; 

Hate quoque, qurs junlia ■zfitis reqftieflcit in ul/?H> 

Si non jun&afloret, terrrc acclinata jaceret : 

'Tit tarns n exemplo non t anger is arbor is hup us, 

Yety faith he, if tills Elm fhould grow alone. 
Except for Shade, it would be priz’d by none: 
And fo this Vine in amorous Foldings wound. 

If but disjoin’d, would creep upon the Ground a 
Yet aft hot thou by fuch Examples led. 

But fhunn'ft the 1 'leafure of an happy Bed. 

b -- In junjenem redditi , & a nilia demit 

bifirumentci fibi ; taliflque apparuit illi , 
flhsalis ubi oppcfitas nitidiflfima Solis Imago 
Nvlcit nnbes , niilldque obfiante relax it , 

Vi tuque par at, fled non eft opus, inque figurd 
Captci Dei Nympho eft , C2 mutua ‘vulneraflenftt^ 

--Again himfelf he grew; . 

Th* Infirmities of heatlcfs Age depos’d. 

And fuch himfelf unto the Nymph difclos’d; 

As when the Sun, fubduing with his Rays 
The muffling Cloud, his golden Brow difplays, 
He Force.prepares; of Force there was no Need, 
Struck with his-Beauty, mutually they bleed. 

9 


CHAP. 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



C H A P. X X E V. 

*The Nymphs. 



O W ob ferve that great Company of neat, pret¬ 
ty, hand fome, beautiful, charming Virgins, who 
are verv near the Gardens of Pomona, Some run about 
the Woods, and hide them Selves in the Trunks of the 
aged Oaks; fome plunge themfelves into the Fountains,- 
and fome fwim in the Rivers. They are called by one 
common Name. 2 Nymphs , b becanfe they always hvkyoung 5 
or c becaufe they are hanclfome. Yet all have their 
proper Names befides, which they derive either from 
the Places where they live, or the Offices they perform $ 
they are efpecially diftrihuted in Three Clafles, Celt- 
Jiial , Terrefrtal , and Marhu Nymphs. 

The Gcleftial Nymphs were thofe Genii? thofe Souls 
and Intellects} a who guided the Spheres of the Heavens,, 
and difpenfed the Influences of the Stars to the Things 
of the Earth. 

Of the Perrefrial Nymphs fome preside over the 
Woods, and were called Dryades- from a Greek [Word'®*-, 
which principally fignifies an Oak, but generally any 
Tree whatever. • Thefe Dryades had their Habitations 
in the Oaks . Other Nymphs were called f Ramadrya&cS^ 
for they were born when the Oak was firfl: planted, and 
when it peri flies they die alfo. The Ancients held Arrange 
Opinions concerning Oaks, they imagined that even 
the fmalleff Oak was Tent from Heaven.. 


a Pkurnut. 


k .** A-7r 51 tv dzi vests tp eclvzvkt eel quod Ism per 
c ’A570 rT (peewzw fplendere, quod forma? 


juvenes appsrean-t. c 

decore prarfulgeant.. d Ex. Hlut. Mac rob. Prod. 
Abided, quercus, Virg. Georg 4. ^ Ab dy.ee, fi 

k ^ vc, quercus. 


a. 


ial 



The a Druidee, Priefts of the Gauls, efleemed nothing 
more divine and facred, than the Excrefcence whici 
flicks to Oaks.- Others of the Terrejirial Nymphs are 
called b Oreades or Orejliades , becaufe they prefidedover 
the Mountains. Others c Napeses, becaufe they had 
Dominion over the Groves and Vallies. Others 11 Li- 
moniades, becaufe they looked after the Meadoves and 
Fields. And others c Meliee , from the Afh-trees facred 
to them; and thefe were fuppofed to be the Mothers 
of thofe Children, who were accidentally born under a 
Tree, or expofed there. 

The Marine Nymphs were either thofe Nymphs f 
which prefide over the Seas, and were called Nereides, 
or Nerines , from the Sea-God Nercus , and the Sea- 
Nymph Doris , their Parents ; (which Nereus and Do¬ 
ris were born of Dethys and Occanus ; from whom they 
were called Ouanitides and Oceania-,) or thofe Nymphs 
who prefide over the Fountains, and were called s Nai- 
des and Naiades ; or elfe inhabit the Rivers , and were 
called Fluvtales or h Pot amides ; or laftly, who prefide 
over the Lakes and Ponds, and were called Limnadcs, 

1 from [ Limtie ,] a Lake.. 

All the Gods had Nymphs attending, them. Jnpitcr 
fpeaks of his k in Ovid. Neptune had feveral Nymphs, 
infomuch that Heftod and Pindar call him ' Nymph- 
getes, that is, the Captain of the Nymphs I he Poets 
generally give him fifty. Phoebus likewife had Nymphs 
called Jganippid.a and Mufee. Innumerable were the 



=> Li!. Gyr. Synt. i. b AbS^Mons. c a wr» f»™ 

vel vallis. ' d a >au.u», pratum. c IVhxla, fraxmus. Ur- 
pheus in Hymn. S KA, fluo. h a «r orapd;, huvias. a 

AiaP/?) lac U3. 

X Sunt mihi Snntdd, fwii rujlica Numr.ia Fawn, 

El Nymph*, Satyrittae, id MantUol* Sylvan. Met. 1.1. 
Half Gods and ruilic Fauns attend my Will, 

Nymphs, Satyrs, Svlvans that on Mountains owed, 
i Nv^ccyh-nojJ oil, Nympharum dux. Hcfiod & 1 im- 

in I ft Inn. N/mphs 





Of the Gods of the Heathens. 225 

^ ^ * 

Nymphs of Bacchus , who were called by different 
Names, Bacchus , BaJJarides , Eloides , and ‘Tbyades. Hunt- 
j n g Nymphs attended upon Diana \ and Sea-Nymphs* 
cal led J Nereides i waited upon T'cthys. a Fourteen very- 
beautiful Nymphs belonged to yuno: Our. of ail winch. 
I will only give you the Hi (lory of two. 

Arethufa was brie of Dianas Nymphs: Her Virtue 
was as great as her Beauty; The Pleafantnefs of the 
Place invited her to cool herfelf in the Waters of a tine 
clear River : Alpheus , the God of the Rier, afiumed ihe 
Shape of a Man, and arofe out of the Water : He firli 
faluted her with kind IVords , and then approached near 
to her; but away file flies; and he follows her; and, 
when he had aim oft overtaken her, (he was diflolved 
with Fear, with the Ailiftance of Diana? whom {he im¬ 
plored, into a Fountain. b Alpheus then refumed his 
former Shape of Water, and endeavoured to mix his 
with her Stream, but in vain; for to rhis Day Arethufa 
continues her Flight, and, by her Paflage through a 
Cavity of the Earth, file goes under Ground-into Si¬ 
cily. Alpheus alfo follows by the like fubterraneous Paf- 
fages, till at laft he unites, and marries his own Streams 
to thofe of Arethufa ? iri that Ifiand. 

Echo d was a Nymph formerly, though nothing of her 
but her Voice remains now, and even when file was 


a —Pisfeptemprafianti corpore Nymph ns. Virg. ^heid. 1. 1 * 
Twice feven, the charming Daughters of the Main, 
Around my Perfon wait, and bear my Train. 

b - fedenhn cognojcit a?hata's 

Amnis aquas ; pojiioque a)irz, qued fumpferat, ore. 

Vert it ur in proprias , nt fe illi ?nijceat , undos. Ov. Met. 5 * 
The River his beloved Waters km w ; 

And, putting oif tlv afiumed Shape of Man, 

Refumes his own, and in a Current ran. 
c Virgil, ./En. 3. 

d Corpus adhuc Echo , 72o?i <vox erat y & tamcn ufuffl 
Garrula no?i edium, quam nunc babct 7 oris habebat . 

alive, 




226 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

alive, fhe was fo far deprived of her Speech, a that (he 
could not repeat the laft Words of thofe Sentences 
which (he heard, b Juno inflidted this Punifhment on 
her for her Talkativenefs : For* when fhe came down 
to difcover Jupiter's Amours with the Nymphs, Echo’ 
detained her very long with her tedious Difcourfes, that 
the Nymphs might have an Opportunity to efcape, and 
hide themfelves. This Echo by Chance met Narcijjin 
rambling in the Woods; and file fo admired his Beau¬ 
ty, that flie fell in Love with him : She difcovered her 
Love to him, courted him, followed him, and embraced 
the proud Youth in-her Arms ; but he broke from her 
Embraces, and haftily fled from her Sight;, whereupon 
the defpifed Nymph hid herfelf in the Woods, and pined 
away with Grief, c fo that every Part of her but her 
Voice was confirmed,, and her Bones were turned into 
Stones. 

Narcijfu r. 



a Reddere de multi* ut verba ?iG r viJJi?na poftct\ OV, Met, 1 . 3, 
She was a Nymph, though only now a Sound, 

Yet of her Tongue no other Ufe was found. 

Than now flie has; which never could be more*. 
Than to repeat what flie had heard before. 
b Fecerat hoc Juno, quia cum deprehdere poffet 
Sub Jo-'veJepe fuo Nymph as in ?no?ite. jacentes ? 

Ilia deam longo prudens fermofie tenebat, 

Duifijugerent Nympho:* 

This Change impat : ent Juno' s Anger wrought, 

Who, when her Jove flie o’er the Mountains fought,. 
Was oft by Echo's tedious Tales milled,. 

Till the fliy Nymphs to Caves and Grottos fled. 
e Vox tantimi, atque fuperfunt : 

Vox manel : ojfa fenmt lapidis traxiffeJignram \ 

Indc latei Jylvis, nulloque in monte % videtur, 

Omnibus c.uditur : /onus eft qui <vi*vit in ilia . 

Her Flefh confumes and moulders with Defpair,. 

And all her Body’s Juice is turn’d to Air ; 

80 wond’rous are the EfFe&s of reftlefs Pain,. 

That nothing but hei Voice and Bones remain. 

2 Nay, 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 227 

Narctffus met with as bad a Fate ; for* though he would 
neither love others* nor admit of their Love* yet he fell 
fo deeply in Love with his own Beauty* that the Love 
of himfelf proved his Ruin. His Thirft led him to a 
•'Fountain, whofe Waters are clear and bright as Sil¬ 
ver: When he flooped down to drink, he faw his own 
linage: he flayed gazing at it, was wonderfully pleafed 
with the Beauty of it, infomuch that he fell paflionately 
in Love with it. A b little Water only feparated him 
from his beloved Objedl. He continued a c long Time 
admiringhis own beloved Pidlure, before he difcovered 
what it was that he fo paflionately adored; but, at length* 
a the unhappy Creature perceived, that the Torture he 
fufFered was from the Love of his own felf. In a Word* 
his Pafliori conquered him, and the Power of Love was 

greater 


Nay, cv’n the very Bones at la ft are gone. 

And metamorphos’d to a thoughtlefs Stone; 

Yet Rill the Voice does in the Woods furvive ; 

The Form’s departed, but the Sound’s alive. 

4 Fo?is crat illimis nitidis argenteus undis . Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. 

There was, by Chance, a living Fountain near, 

Whofe unpolluted Channel ran fo clear. 

That it feem’d liquid Silver. 

b Exigildprohibetur aqua - 

A little Drop of Water does remove 
And keep him from the Object of his Love* 

c-- Sed cpaca fufits in berba 

Sped at inexpleto ??ic?zdace?n lumine fbrmam , 

Verque oculos per it ip/e fuos. 

-- He lies extended on the fhady Grafs, 

: Viewing with greedy Eyes the pidlur’d Face, 
i And on himfelf brings Ruin. 

! d - - Flammas , in quit, moveoque, /eroque : 

\ Qucd c up io jzzccum cjl ; inop cm me copia f<ccit . 
j 0 utinam a nojiro J'ccedere corpora fojffem / 

V'Anm in amante novum eft, vcllcm quod amamus abe/fet. 

I My Love does vainly on myfelf return, 

\ And Ians the cruel Flames with which I burn*. 

CL* 


The 


228 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

greater than he Could refift, fo that, by Degrees, - h e 
wafted away and confumed, and, at laft, by the Favout 
of the Gods, was turned into a Daffodil, a Flower cal¬ 
led by liis own Name.. 

The Thing defied I ftill about me bore. 

And too much Plenty has confirm’d me poor. 

O that I from my much-lov’d felf could go, 

A ftrange Re quell, yet would to God ’ twere l*o 1 

a -- attenuates a?nore~ 

LzquiUir-% & css co paulatim car pit ur igne . 

No Vigour, Strength, or Beauty does remain. 

But hidden Flames confume the walling Swain. 


C HAP- XXV. 

The Inferior Rural Deities . 

T H E Images of thefe Gods and G'oddefles are fa 

fmall, that we cannot difeern their Figures: 
Wherefore I will only recount their Names. And firft, 
Rufina ,, the Goddefs to whole Care all the Parts of 
the Country are committed.- Then 

Collina , fhe who reigns over the Hills . 

Vallonia , who holds her Empire in the Rallies . 
Hippona , b who prefides over the Horfes and Stabler 
c This was the Name alfo of a beautiful Woman 3 be- 
gotten by one Fulvlus from a Mare, 

Bubona, who hath the Care of the Q^en. 

Seia y d who takes Care of the Seed, whilft it liesfe 
ried in the Earth. She is Iikewife called c Segetia ; be- 
caufe (he takes care of the Blade , as foon as it appears 
green above the Ground. 

* ■■■ ' " n . ii i n— i i, m i « — *tm — 1^1 i i 1 ■ » — ■*»»* 

b Ab i. e. equus. Apuleius Alin. aur. 1. 3 . c Ter- 

tullian. Apol. d a ferendo nomen habet Seia,.ut c Segetia 
a Segete. PUsu 1. 8. 

Runcina 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 229 

Rtmcina is the Goddefs of Weeding . She is invoiced 
a when the Fields are to be weeded. 

Occator is the God of Harrowing. He is worfliipp.ed 
b when the Fields are to be harrowed. 

Sat or and Sarritor are the c Gods of Solving and Ra- 

king. 

To the God Rolngus were celebrated Feftivals called 
RobigaHa*, which were ufually obferved upon the 7th of 
th t Galends of May 9 to avert the tl j Blafing of the Cor n . 

■. Siercut'ius , S ter cuius , or 'Sterculius , called like wife 
Surquilinius and Picumnus , is the Rural God 0 who fir ft 
invented the Art of c Dunging the Ground. 

Proferpina is the Goddefs which .prefides over the 
Corn, f when it is fp routed pretty high above the Earth . 
We (hall fpeak more of her when we difeourfe concern¬ 
ing the Infernal Deities . 

Nodofus , or Nodotus , is the God that takes care of the 
s Knots and the 'Joints of the Stalks* 

Volufia is the Goddefs which takes care to fold the 
Blade round the Corn, before the Beard breaks o.uf., 
which h Foldings of the Blade contain the Beard., as 
Pods do the Seed. 

Patelina takes Care of the Corn* 1 after it is broken 
out of the Pod, and appears.. 

The Goddefs Flora prefides over the Ear, when it k 
blofloms. 

And La Slur a or LaSlucina , who is next to Flora , pre¬ 
fides over the Ear when it begins ! to have Milk. 

And Matura takes Care that the Ear comes to a juft 
Maturity . 


I * M a 1 ♦ < 


a Cum rune ant ur agrL b Cum ocean fur agri, Serv. in 

Georg. 1. Plin. 1 . i8.e. 29. * c I-ta di£ti a Serendu& Sar~ 

vmdo. d Ad avertendam a fatis rubiginem. c Ita dicitur 
a St ercore. f Cum fuper terram feges proferpferit . s Prae- 

ponitur N dis Geniculifque culmorum. h Kolliculorurp /»- 
mlttcris praeficitur. 1 Cum fpica patet poflquam e folliculis 
emerftt. Cum jlorefcit . 1 LaSlefcere. 

CL 3 Hof Hina 


2 oo Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Hojlilina was worfhipped, that the Ears of the Co m 
might grow a even 5 and produce a Crop proportion- 

able to the Seed fown. 

Tutelina , or Tutulina , hath the Tutelage of Corn when 
it is reaped. 

Phtlumnus invented the Art of b Kneading and Ba¬ 
king the Corn. 

Mcllona invented the c Art of making Honey. 
And Fornax is eftcemed a Goddefs ; becaufe, before 
the Invention of Grinding the Wheat, the 3iead Corn 
was parched in a Furnace . Ovid A makes mention of 

this Goddefs. 

Thefe mean Deities are but the Refufe of the Gods. 
Let us leave them, and turn our Eyes to the Left- 
hand Wall in this Pantheon , where we fhall fee the 

Gods of the Sea . 


a Ab hoJUrcy quod veterum lingua fignificabat idem quod 
square. Augultinus de Civitate jam laudatus. b hpilando , 
id eft, condenfando & farinam fubigendo.^ Vid. berv. in 
JEneid. 9 . c Artem mellificii excogitavit. 
d Tafia Dea ejl Fornax , l-vtifornace coloni 
Or ant ut <vires temper et ilia Jit as* Fait. 1. 6, 

A Goddefs Fornax is, and her the Clowns adore. 

That they may’ve kindly Batches by her Pow r. 


.1 


4 

>1 








































































































C H A P. I. 

SECT. I. Neptune. His Name and 

Defcent. 

W HIS is a glorious and beautiful Scene. 
4? ^ % Are thefe the Gods of the Waters ? Are 

thefe the Marine Gods, whofe numerous 
% ^ cl' Companions are carried all over the li- 

. quid Plains of the Sea in Shells ? 

M- Thefe are the Gods? the Prefi- 
dents, *the Princes of the vaft Finny Regions, and the 
Moderators of the flowing Waves. 

P, And who is that King, with black Hair and blue 
Eyes, who holds a Sceptre in his Right-hand like a 
Fork with three "Tines , and is fo beautifully arrayed in 
a Mantle of A%ure , clafping his Left-hand round his 
Queen’s Waift? He Hands upright in his Chariot, 
which is a large Efcallop-fhell drawn by Sea-horfes, 

m ky °dd Kind of Animals, which refem- 

ole Men in the upper Parts, and Fifh in the lower. 

M. It 



232 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

jyj. It is Neptune , whofe Name is derived by the 
Chan'o-e of a few Letters from the Word a Nubo, which 
fign'fies to cover ; becaufe the Sea encompaffes, embra¬ 
ces and, as it were, covers the Land. Or, as others be¬ 
lieve, he is To called from the Egyptian Word (Ncp. 
then) which fi-nines the Coafls and Promontories, apd 
other Parts of the Earth which are wafhed by the Wa¬ 
ters. So that b ‘Lully, who derives Neptune a Nando, 
from fwimming, is either miftaken, c or thg Place is 

C °7 t is Neptune, I fay, the Governor of the Sea , the Fa¬ 
ther of the Rivers and the Fhpntains, and the Son of 
s a tum by Ops. ' His Mother preferved him from the 
devou ine Jaws of Saturn , who, as we remarked a- 
bove eat up all the Male Children that were born to 
him ’bv giving Saturn a young Foal to eat in his Stead. 
In the Greek he is called no mtSuv [ Pofeidon ,] becaufe he 
fo hinds i our Feet that we are not able $o walk within 

his Dominions’, that is, on the Water. 

When he came to Age, Saturn’s Kingdom was cl,v.- 

ded bv Lot, and the Maritime Parts fell to him. He and 
'Atollo bv Jupiter’ s Command, were forced to ferve La- 

feme other Gods had plotted againft Jupiter. ihen 
he took * Amphitrite to Wife, who refufed a long Time 
to hearken to his CourtChip, and comply with his De¬ 
fires ; but, at lift, by the Affillance of a Ddphin. and 
bv the Power of Flattery, he gained her. To recom- 

fhe I.." anJ made a Conftellation. M>•» 

?,h„. Wives befides, Sithcw, fo named from Salum, the 



* 


i 


• A nuhendo, quod mare terras obnubat. Varro » Tul- 
v A* vi-Qf' T)enr-1-2- c Lipiius and Bochartus. 
lUS ' hcr'jov hoc eft, pedibus vinculum injicic, ne pedibusa- 

quas ambulemus. ’Plato in Cratyl. c 

to dpQng&B, a circumterendo, quod terrain m 

cumterat. - Sea 5 

- * 1 " 3 ' '' 



Of the Gods of the Heathens 


2 33 


Sea a or ibe Salt Water towards the lower Part and Bot¬ 
tom of the Sea . And Fenelia , fo named from Feniendo , 
became the Sea goes and comes with the Tide ; it ebbs 
and flows by Turns. 


Auguflinus de Civitate Dei. 


SECT. II. Aflions of Neptune. 

\ 

fnr - '' H E Poets tell us, that Neptune produced a b Horfe 
j[ in Attica out of the Ground, by c ilriking it with 
his Trident 5 whence he is called Hippius , and d Hippo - 
dr omits , and is efteemed the Prefident over the Horfe- 
Races . At his Altar, in the Circus of Rome , Games were 
inflicted, in yvhich they reprefented c the ancient Ro¬ 
mans by Violence carrying away the Sabine Virgins- 
Idis Altar was under Ground, and he was facrificed un¬ 
to by the Name of f Confus , God ofCounfel ; which, for 
the moft part, ought to be given privately ; and there¬ 
fore the God Confus was worshipped in an obfcure and 
private Place. The folemn Games s Confualia , which 
were celebrated in the Month of March , were inftitu- 

♦ s _ 1 * • » • 

ted in Honour of Neptune , whofe other Name was, as 
I have faid, Confus . At the fame Time theHorfes left 
working, and the Mules wer? adorned with Garlands 
of Flowers. 

Hence alfo it comes that the Chariot (as you fee) of 
Neptune is drawn by Hippocampi , or Sea-Horfes y as well 
as fometimes by Dolphins . Thofe Sea - Horfes had the 
Tails of Fifhes, and only two Feet, which were like 

b Sophocl. in CEdip. 

c Percujfa tnagno tellure tridente . 

With his huge Trident having ftruck the Ground. 

Virg. Georg . /. 1. 
d Ab Y&tsos, i. e. equus. So Sig6ftof 9 i. e. curfus, Pindar. 
0de 1 . Ifth. Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. c Dion. Halic. 1. 2 . 
f Aconfllio dando, Servius -ffineid, 8 . £ Plut. in Roniulo, 

Dion. Halic. L z, . 


the 



Of the Gods of the Heathens a 


the Fore-feet of a Horfe, according to the Defcription 
given of him in a Statius 5 and this is the Reafon why 
h Virgil calls them two-footed Horfes. Neptune guides 
them, and goads them forward with his Trident;, as it 
is prettily expreffed in c Statius, 

It was therefore Neptune 9 s peculiar Office, not only 
to preftde over, and govern Horfes both by Land and by 
Sea,but alfo the Government of Ships v/as committed 
to his Care, which were always fare under his Protec¬ 
tion: For, whenever he d rides upon the Waters, the 
Weather immediately grows fair, and the Sea calm. 

SECT. 


a lllic JEgeo NcpUinus gnrgiiefeffcs 

In port urn dcducit equos , prior baurit habenas 

XJnguta, pofiremi fol'uuntur in square pi fees. Theb. 3, 

Good Neptune's Steeds to reft are fet up here. 

In the Mgcan Gulph, whofe fore Parts harxnlefs bear 

Their hinder Parts fifh-fhap’d. 
b --. Magnum qui pifeibus aquor 9 

Etjuntto bipedum curni metaur equoruin. Georg. 1 . 4. 

--Through the vail Sea he glides, 

Brawn by a Team half Fifh half Hoife he rides. 
c Triplicz ielo jnbet ire jugales : 

Jllifpuvzifcros g lomcranl ?i psSiore jhtttus 9 

Pone natcent, dclcntque pcdu/ji ‘vcjligia ccaul a. AchiL hi* 

Shaking his Trident, urges on his Steeds, 

Who with two Feet beat from their brawny Breafts 
The foaming Billows ; but their hinder Parts 
Swim, and go fmooth again ft the curling Surge. 

Homer, in Hymn. Sil. ItaL /. Z* 

a -- efumida ecquora placat , 

Collett afque fugat mibes , fokmque reducit. fEneid. L 1 > 

-Pie fmooths the Sea, 

Bilpels the Darknefs, and reftores the Day. 

-- cequora pojlquam 

Profpiciens Genii or , Coeloque inuettus aperto , 

Fleet it equos , curmque solans dat lorafscundo * 

Subjidunt imdc€ y iumidumque fu b axe tonanti 
St emit ur requo r aquis 7 fugiunt *vajlo &there idinbz. 


Where- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Where-e’er he guides 

His finny Couriers, and in Triumph rides. 
The Waves unrufHe, and the Sea fubfides. 



SECT. III. Children of Neptune. 

rip HE moft remarkable of his Children were Pkor- 
j[ cus , or Phorcys , and Proteus. 

Phorcus was his Son a by the Nymph Thcfea. He 
was vanquifhed by dtlas, and drowned in the Sea : His 
furviving Friends faid, that he was made a Sea-God , 
and therefore they worfhipped him. We read of ano¬ 
ther Phorcus , b who had three Daughters; they had 
but one Eye among them all, which they all could 
ufe: When any of them defired to fee any Thing,/he 
fixed her Eye in her Forehead, in the fame Manner as 
Men fix a Diamond in a Ring: When fhe had ufed 
it, fhe pulled the Eye out again, that her Sifters might 
have it • thus they all ufed it, as there was Occafion. 
Proteus , his other Son, was the c Keeper of the Sea- 
Calves ; his Mother was the Nymph Phosnice. d He 
could convert himfelf into all Sorts of Shapes; fotne- 
times he could flow like the Water, and fornetimes 
burn like the Fire ; fornetimes he was a Fifih, fome- 
times a Bird, a Lion, or whatfoever he pleafed : Nor 
was this wonderful Power enjoyed by Proteus alone ; 
for Vertumnus , one of the Gods of the Romans , had it5 
his Name fhews it, as we obferved before in the Story 
of Pomona . And from that Go d^Vertumnus, comes that 
common Latin Expreftion, beiie or male vertat , may it 
lucceed well or ill ; becaufe it is the Bufmefs of the God 
f CYtumnus c to prefide over the Turn or Change of Things , 

a Var. ad. Nat. Com. b Palsphat. in fab. c Pho- 
carum leu Vitulorum marinorum pallor. Tzetz. chil. 2. 
lull. 44. <1 Ovid. Metam. 8. c Vertumnus di£fus eft 

a vertendo. Rebus ad opinata revertentibus pr&efte. Do- 
tutus in i’erent, 

which 



-Of the Gods 

yuhich happen according to Expectation ; though often*' 
•times what we think good is found, in the Condufion, 
[inale vert ere] to be worfe than was expected ; as that 
a Szvord was which Dido received from JEtuas^ with 
which fhe afterwards killed herfelf. „ 

Neptune b endued Periclimenus , Nejlors Brother, with 
the fame Power, who was afterwards killed by Hercules 
|n the Shape of a Fly ; for, when he fought againft Ne. 
leus, a Fly tormented him, and ftung him violently • 
when Pallas difcovered to Hercules , that this Fly was 

Periclimenus , he killed him. 

Neptune gave the fame Power to c Metra , Mejlra , or 
Mejire , the Daughter of ErifiCihon: She obtained this 
Reward from him, becaufe he had debauched her, by 
which Power fhe was enabled to fuccour her Father's 
infatiable Hunger. 

For the fame Caufe Cants , a Virgin of ThcJJaly , ob¬ 
tained the fame, or rather a greater Power from Nep¬ 
tune ; for he gave her Power to change her Sex, and ; 
made her invulnerable ; fhe therefore turned herfelf ; 
into a Man, and was called Caucus: She fought againft 1 
the Centaurs , till they had overwhelmed her with a vaft 
Load of Trees, and buried her alive d ; after which 
fhe was changed into a Bird of her own Name. 



of the Heathens 


a --- enfcinque recludit 

Dardanium, non bos qttafuum mitnns in ufus . Virg. ^n. 1 .4. 

—.-The Trcjan Sword unfheath’d, 

A Gift by him not to this Ufe bequeath’d. 
b Homer, in OdyIT. 1 . 11. 

c Nunc equa , nunc ales, ?>iodo bos , modo feruus abibat , 

Pr&bebatq^ a'vido non jnjia aliment a parent i . Ov. Met. 1 . 8. 
Now Hart-like, now a Cow, a-Bird, a Mare, 

She fed her Father with ill-purchas‘d Fare. 

* Ovid. Metam, 







CHAR II. 

Triton* and the other Marine Gods. 

r R ITON was the a Son of Neptune by Amphitrite e 
He was his Father’s Companion and b 'Trumpeter* 
Down to his Navel he refembles a Man, but his other 
Part is like a Fifh. His two c Feet are like the Fore¬ 
feet of a Horfe, his Tail is cleft and crooked, like a 
Half-Moon, and his Hair refembles wild Parfley. Two 
Princes of Parnaffus ( <l Virgil and e Ovid) give moft 
elegant Descriptions of him, 

OceamtSp 


a Hefiod. in Theogon. 2. Stat. 6. Theb. b Virg. iEn. 5. 
c Apollon. Argon. 4. 

11 Hunc vehit immanrs Triton, & caerula concha 
Exterrensfret a ; cm late rum tenus bifida nan it 
Front hominem prsefert, in priftim dejtnit alvus, 

Spumea peftiferofub pedlore vzurmurat unda. JEn. ia*- 

Him and his martial Train the Triton bears, 

High on his Poop the Sea-green God appears; 

Frowning, he feems his crooked Shell to found,, 
i And at the Blaft the Billows dance around. 

An hairy Man above the Waift he grows ; 

A Porpoife Tail beneath his Belly grows. 

And ends a Fifh ^ His Breads the Waves divide. 

And Froth and Foam augment the murmuring 'Fide, 
c Cszruleum Triton a vocat, concbaque fonanti 
Inf pirate jubst, fluftufque & jtumina fgno 
'‘jam revocare dato* Ca va buceina fumitur illi. 

Tort His in latum T qius turbine c refit in imo: 

Ruccina voce replet fetb utroque jacentia Pbcsbo. Met. r „ 
Old Triton riling from the Deep he {pies, 

Whofe Shoulders rob’d, with native Purple, rife. 

And bids him his loud-founding Shell ini pi re, ’ 

And give the Floods a Signal to retire. 

He 



2^8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Oceanus, another of the Sea-Gods, a was the Son of 
Caelum and Vcjla, b v/ho, by the Ancients, was called the 
Father , not only of all the Rivers, but of the Animals, 
and of the very Gods themfelves ; for they imagined, 
that all the Things in Nature took their Beginning 
from him. It is faid, he begot of his Wifi eTethys Three 
Thoufand Sons, the moil eminent of which were, 
Nereus, c who wasmurfed and educated by the Waves, 
d and afterwards dwelt in the /Egcan Sea, and became 
a famous Prophefier. He c begat Fifty Daughters by 
his Wife Doris, which Nymphs were called, alter their 

Father’s Name, Nereides. 

Palecmon , and his Mother I no, are alfo to be reckon’d 
among the Sea-Deities. They were made Sea-krods 
on this Occafion ; Ino's Hufband Aihcimas was diffracted, 
and tore his Son Lcarchus into Pieces, and dallied him 
againft the Wall: I no faw this, and fearingleft thefamc 
Fate fnould come upon herfelf,and her other Son, Me- 
licerta, fhc took her Son, and with him threw herfelf 
into the Sea, where they were made Sea-Deities: No¬ 
thing perifced in the Waters but their Names. Tho' 
their former Names were loft in the Waves, yet they 
found new ones: She was called Leucothea, and he Pa- 
lamonhy the Greeks, and Portunmus by the Latins. 

Giattcus the Fifnerman became a Sea-God by a more 
pleafant Way : For, when he pulled the Fifn, which 
he had caught, out of the Nets, and laid them on die 
Shore, he obferved, that, by touching a certain f Herb, 
the Fifn recovered their Strength, and leaped again irl- 
to the Water. He wo'ndered at fo ftrange an EfFeft, and 

1 l - — T 1,1 1 - ' 

l 

He his wreath’d Trumpet takes (as given in Charge) 
r l hat from the turning Bottom grows more large: 

This, when the Numni o’er the Ocean founds, ^ 

The Eaft and Weil, from Shore to Sho»e, rebounds. 
a Behod. in Theogon. b Orph in Hymn.Hefiod. iW 
* Herat, i. Carm. ° ,J Euripid. in Iphig. * Apol.4. 

f Strab. I.9. . 

^ had 



Of the Gods of the heathens* 23 

liatl a Defire to tafte this Kerb: a When he had tafted 
■ n he followed his Fifh, and, leaping into the Water^ 
became a God oj^ the Sea « 

To thefe we may add the Story of Canopus , a God 
of the Egyptians? who, by the Help of TVater? gained a 
memorable Victory over the Gods of the Chaldea ns* 
b When thefe two Nations contended about the Power 
and Superiority of their Gods, the Priefts confented to 
bring thefe two -Gods together, that they might decide 
their Controverfy : The Chaldeans brought their God 
Ignis (Fire) and the Egyptians brought Canopus ; they 
fetthe two Gods near one another to fights Canopus's 
Belly was a great Pitcher filled with Water, and full 
of Holes, but fo flopped with Wax, that no-body could 
tlifeern them. When the Fight began y Fire?. the God 
of the Chaldeans , melted the Wax, which flopped the 
Holes, fothat Canopus? with Rage and Violence, 
faulted him with Streams of Water, and totally extin- 

, vanq.uifhed, and overcame him. 


guifhed 


3 Ovid. Metam. 1 . 13 


* 

^ Ruffin. I. *s.c. 26. 


CHAR IIL 

SECT. I. The Mongers of the Sea* 

The Si r e n s. 

T here were three Sirens 5 vvhofe Parentage is 
uncertain, though fome fay, a that they were the 
Offspring of Achelous the River + and Melpomene the 
Mufe . b They had the Faces of Women, but the Bo¬ 
dies of flying Fifh: They dwelt near the Promontory 
Peloris in Sicily (now called Capo di Faro) or in the 
Illands called c Sirennfa , which are iituate in the. ex- 

a Nicand. Metam. 3. b Ovid. Metam. 3. c Strabo,, 

Idem, Li. 


treme 



24 ° Of the Gods of ihe Heathens 

extreme Parts of Italy , where, with'the Sweetnefiof 
their Singing, they allured .all the Alen to them, that 
failed by thofe Coafts; and when* by their Charms, 

they brought upon them a dead Sleep, they drowned 

them in the Sea, and afterwards took them out and 
devoured them. Their Names were Parthenope, (who 
died at Naples , for which Reafon that City was for¬ 
merly called Parthenope) Ligea, and Leucofta. 

That their Charms might be eafiher received, and 
make the oreater Impreflion on the Minds of the Hear¬ 
ers, they ufed mufical Inftruments with their Voices, 
a adapted the Matter of their Songs to the Temper and 
Inclination of their Hearers. b With fome Songs they 
indeed the Ambitious, with others the Voluptuous, 
and with other Songs they drew on the Covetous to 

their Deftruaion. 

P. What then ? Could no Pafiengers ever efcape 

this Plague ? „ , n , 

M. Hiftory mentions only two, UlyJJes and Urpheu 

who efcaped. c The firft was forewarned of the Danger 
of their charming Voices, by Circe ; wherefore he flop¬ 
ped the Ears of his Companions with Wax, and was 
himfelf faft bound to the Mall of the Ship, by which 
Means he fafely paffed the fatal Coafts. d But Orphan 
overcame them in their own Art, and evaded the 
Temptations of their murdering Muftck , by playing 
upon his Harp, and finging the Praifes of the Cods fo 
well, that he out-did the Sirens. I he Fates had or¬ 
dained, that the Sirens fhould live, till fomebody, who 
paffed by, heard them fing, and yet efcaped alive. When 
therefore they faw themfelves overcome, they grew de- 



a Homer. OdyfT. 

b Monfir a Maris Sirejies erant , qua *voce caiicr j* 
Quajlibet admiffas detinuere rates. Ov. de Art 
Sirens were once Sea-Monfters, mere Decoy?, 
Trepanning Seamen with their tuneful voice. 
c Homer. QdvfT. i. ^ Apollon. Argon. 


Am. 1.3« 


fperate 


Of the Gods of the Heathe?is . 241 

fp crate, and threw themfielves headlong into the Sea, 
alK i were turned into Stones. Some write that they 
were formerly Virgins, Proferpinas Companions, who 
foupht every-where for her when file was ftolen away 
by Pluto; but when they could not find her, they were 
f 0 grieved that they caft themfclves into the Sea, and 
from that Time were changed into Sea-Monitors. a O- 
thers add, that, by Juno's Perfuafion, they contended in 
Mufick with the Mufes, who overcame them, and, to 
punilh their Rafhnefs*, cut ofF their Wings, with which 
they afterwards made for themlelves Garlands. 

P. What did the Poets fignify by this Fi£tion? 

M.. That the b Minds of Men are dep fed from their 
proper Seat and State by the Allurements of Plsafurc . It 
corrupts them; there is not a more deadly Plague in 
Nature to Mankind than Voluptuoufnefs : Whoever 
addidls himfelf altogether to Pleafures* lofes his Rea- 
lon, and is ruined ; and he that defires, to decline their 
Charms, muft flop his Ears, and not liften to them, but 
muft hearken to the Mufick of Orpheus ; that is, he 
muft obferve the Precepts and Inftrudtions of the Wife . 

Now turn your Eyes to thofe two Monfters, who 
are called Scylla and Charybdis . 


a Paufan. in Boeot. 

b Voluptatum illecebris mentem c fua fede & ftatu dimo- 
veri. Cicero Paradox* i. de Senedlute* 


SECT. II. Scylla and Charybdis. 


HT^HE Defcription of Scylla is very various ; for fome 
J. fay, that n file was a moft beautiful Woman from 
the Breafts downward, but had fix Dogs Heads. Again, 
others fay, that in her upper Parts fhe refemblcd a Wo¬ 
man, in her lower a Serpent and a Wolf. But, what- 

R ever 



a Homeri OdyfT. 


2-42 


Of tb 


of the Heathens 


ever her Picture was* a every body (ays {he was the 
Daughter of Phorcus. She was courted by Glaucus, and 
' received his Embraces * whereupon CjiTcc * who paftio- 
nateiy loved Glaucus , and could not bear that Scylla was 
preferred before her by Glaums^ J poifoned, with veno¬ 
mous Herbs, thofe Waters in which Scylla ufed to waft 
herfelf: Scylla was ignorant of it, and, according to her 
Cuftorn, went into the Fountain; and when {he faw 
that the lower Parts of her Body were turned into the 
Heads of Dogs, being extremely grieved that {he had loft 
her Beauty, {lie caft herfelf headlong into the Sea, where 
fhe was turned into a Rock, infamous for the many 
Ship-wrecks which happen there, which Rock is ftill 
feen in the Sea, which divides Italy from Sicily, between 
Me (Jin a, a City of Sicily, and Rhcgium (now called Reg¬ 
gio) in Calabria. This Rock is faid to be furrounded 
with Dogs and Wolves, who devour the Pertons who 
are call away there. But hereby is meant only, that 
when the Waves, by a violent Storm, are dallied 
againft this great Rock, the Noife a little refembles the 
Barking of Dogs, and the Howling of Wolves. 

P. You fay, that Scylla was the Daughter of Phor¬ 
cus ; but was {he not rather the Daughter of Nifus 

King of Megara ? 

M. No, that Scylla was another Woman; for Scylla, 
~ the Daughter of King Nifus , was in Love with Minos 
who befieged her Father in the City of Megara .. She 
betrayed both her Father and her Country to him, by 
cutting off the fatal Lock of purple Hair, in which 
were contained her Father’s and her Country s Safety, 
and fent it to the Befieger. Minos gained the City by 
it, but detefted Scylla s Pcrfidioufnefs, and hated ber. 
She could not bear this Misfortune, but was changed 
into a Lark . Nifus, her Father, was likewife changed 
into a Spar-Hawk , which is called Nifus , after his 



a Apollon. 3. Argon. b Myro Prian. 1 * 3 * R erum 

Me flan. c Paufanias in Attic. _ 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 243 

Name ; and this Spar-Hawk, as if he yet fought to pu^ 
nifh his Daughter’s great Bafenefs, ftill purfues the 
Lark with great Fury to devour her. 

Cbarybdis is avail Whirlpool in the fame Sicilian Sea , 
over-again ft a Scylla , which fwallows down whatfoever 
comes within its Circle, and vomits it up again They 
fay, that this Chaiybdis was formerly a very ravenous 
Woman, who ftole away Hercules s Oxen, for which 
Theft Jupiter ftruck her dead with Thunder,^ and 
then turned her into this Gulph. You will find an 
elegant Defcription of tliefe two Monfters, Scylla and 
Cbarybdis-, in b Virgil . 

P. What do thefe Fables of Scylla and Cbarybdis 
reprefent to us ? 

M. They reprefent to us Luft and Gluttony, mon- 
firous Vices, which render our Voyage thro’ this W orltl 
extremely hazardous and perilous* Luft, like Scylla , 


a Virg. Georg. 5. 

b Dextrum Scylla latus, Ics-vum implacata Cbarybdis 
Obfidet , atque imo Baratbri ter gurgite <■vajlos 
Sorbet Z 7 i abruptunijluttus, rurfufq; fub auras 
Erigit alter 12 os, Jidera Berber at unda . 

At Scyllam cacis cobibet fpelunca lateb-ris 
Ora exert ant em , & naves in faxa trahentem . 

Primahominis facies, & p tile hr 0 pediore virgo 
Pule tenus ; pojlrema immani corpore Pifcis , 

Delphi man caudas liter 0 commiffa luporum . ^Eneid. 1 . 3* 

Far on the Right her Dogs foul Scylla hides : J 

Cbarybdis roaring on the Left prefides, > 

And in her greedy Whirpool fucks the Tides : j 

Then fpouts them from below; with Fury driv’n. 

The Waves mount up, and wafh the Face of Heaven: 
But Scylla , from her Den, with open Jaws 
The finking Veffel in her Eddy draws. 

Then dafhes on the Rocks : A Human Face, 

And Virgin-Bofom, hides the Tail’s Difgrace, 

Her Parts obfeene bejovv the Waves defeend. 

With Dogs inclos’d, and in a Dolphin end. 

R2 


enrages 



2 44 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

enrages unwary PafTengersby the Beauty and Pomp of 
her Outfide, and when they are entangled m her Snares, 

{he tortures, vexes, torments, and difquiets them with 
Rap-e and Fury, which exceeds the Madnefs of Dogs, 
or the Ravenoufnefs of Wolves. Gluttony is a Cba- 
rybdis , a Gtdph, a Whirl-pool that is infatiable ; it buries 
Families alive, and devours Eftates, and confumes 
Lands and Treafures, and fucks up all Things : They 
are neighbouring Vices, and, like Scylla and Charybdis, 
are but little diftant from each other nay, they are 
feldom feparate, but aft with united Forces; for you 
will not eafily find a Man, who is greatly addi&ed to , 
the Luxury of Eating and Drinking , who is notalfoa ) 
Slave to the Luxury of Concupifcence , and befmeared j 
with the forbidden Filth of bafe Pleafures, and wholly : 
given up to do the mod vile and impudent Lulls. 
b But it is now Time to confider the Place in which 
the Wicked are tormented eternally , or rather to call 
down our Eyes upon it, in the lower Apartment of this 
Pantheon , where the Infernal Gods are painted : Wc 
will only take a tranfitory View of this Scene, fince 
it wilt be very unpleafant to flay long in Co doleful, fo 

fad a Place. 



* 


PART 


r.» * ^ ,'AJC I* 'it -wO»Ait* 'Al 

















































































































CHAP. L 

A View of TrL ell. 




Wonderous! What a. horrid and 
^ difmal Spedtacle is here ! 

^ Af. You muft imagine that we 

^ dF are 110w * n t ^ le Confines of Hell? 

Y Qfcl'VaO A Prithee come along with me $ I will 

* ~ 1 be the fame Friend to you which the 

a Sibyl was to Mneas . Nor flvall you need a golden 
Bough to prefent to Proferpme* You fee here painted 
thofe Regions of Hell, of which you read a moft ele¬ 
gant Defcription in b Virgil . The Pafiage that leads 
£s> thefe infernal Dominions was a wide dark Cave, 
through which you pafs by a fteep rocky Defcent, 
till you arrive at a gloomy Grove, and an unnavi- 

gable 


:i Virgil .ZEneid. 6. 

l ' Sprlu)!; a alt a fuit , ‘vafloq', Jmmanis hialu, 
Scrape a, tut a lacu ?iigro ne.rnorumque tenebrii . 

R 3 


Qnam 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

gable Lake called a Avernus , from whence fuch poU 
J'onous Vapours arife, that no Birds can flyover it, 
for in their Flight they fall down dead, being poifoned 
with the Stench of it. 

P . But what Monflers are thofe which I fee placed 

at the very Entrance of Hell ? 

M. Virgil will tell you b what they are. They are 

thofe 



JEn* 6» 


Quam fuper hand ulhe pot er ant tmpune volatiles 
cndere iter pennis : talis fefe halitus atris 
Fauci bus ejfundens fuper a ad convex a fereb at .* 

Jnde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Avernuni . 

Beep was the Cave, and downward as it went. 

From the wide Mouth, a rocky rough Defcent; 

And here th’ Accefs a gloomy Grove defends ; 

And there the unnavigable Laky extends; 

O’er whofe unhappy Waters, void of Light, 

Ho Bird prefumes to fleer his airy Flight: 

Such deadly Stenches from the Depth arife. 

And {teaming Sulphur which infe£ts the Skies. 

Hence do the Grecian Bards their Legends make. 

And give the Name Avernus to the Lake. _ 

9 - Avernus dicitur quafi id eft, fine avibus. Qnod 

rmllze volucres lacum ilium, ob lethiferum halitum, prastcr- 

volare falvsc poffent. . 

b Fejhbulum ante ipfum , primifq; infaucibus Urn, 

Lufttts & uhrices pofuere cubilia Cttraz; 

F alien tefq ; habitant Morbi , triftifque Sene&us , 

Et Met us, & malefuada Fames , iff turpis Egejias 9 

(Perribiles <vifu forma?) Lethumque, Laborque. 

puni confanguineus Let hi Sopor, & nial-z mentis 

Gaudio , vwrtiferumq', adverfo in limine Bellum , 

Ferrety, Eumenidum tbalami, Difcordia demens 

Pipereum crinem vittis innexa cruentis . dbn, I, 0- 

Juft in the Gate, and in the Jaws of Hell, 

Revengeful Cares and fullen Sorrows dwell; 

And pale Diieafes, and repining Age, 

Want, Fear, and Famine’s unrefifted Rage : 

Here Toils and Death, and Death’s Half-brother, Sleep, 
(Forms terrible to view) their Gentry keep. 


i 




thofe fatal Evils which bring Definition and Death 
upon Mankind, by the Means of which the Number 
of the Inhabitants of thefe dark Regions is greatly aug¬ 
mented 5 and thofe Evils are Care, Sorrow, Difeafes, 
Old-age, Frights, Famine, Want, Labour, Sleep, 
Death, Sting of Confcience, Force, Fraud, Strife, and 

War. 


With anxious Pleafures of a guilty Mind, 
Deep Frauds before, and open Force behind. 
The Furies Iron-Beds, and Strife that fhakes 
Her hiding Treflcs, and unfolds her Snakes. 



CHAP. II. 

Charon. The Rivers of HelL Cerberus. 

P. \%7 HO is that nafty, old, decrepid,long bearded 
W Fellow ? Or what is his Name ? 

M.'H c is the Ferryman of Hell i his a Name is Cha - 
mi) which Word denotes the Ungracefulnefs of his 
Afpe£t. In the Greek Language he is called 
j* Porthmeus j that is. Parti tor , Ferry-man. You fee his 
Image painted by the Pencil, but you may read a more 
beautiful and elegant Pidfure Gf him drawn by the Pen 
of b Virgil. 

P . Why does he tarry with his Boat here ? 

M. To take and carry over to the other Side of the 
Lake the Souls of the Dead\ which you fee flocking on 

the 


a Charon, quail Acharon, id elf, fine gratia, ab a non, Sc 
W* gratia. 

b Port it Gr has horrendus aquas fiumina ferruat 

Terribili fqualore Charon : cui plurima mento 
Canities incult a jacet: Jiant lumina flamma » 

Sordid us ex burner is nedo dependet ami flits* 

R 4 Ipfe 


24S Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu^ 
oufly who come, but fuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
when they die ; for the a TJnburied wander about the 
Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over ; 
But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaf! a 
Halfpenny. 

jP. Thofe three or four Pavers (if my Eyes do not 
deceive me) muft be palled over by the Dead> muft 
they not ? 

Ad. Yes ; the firjl of them is Acheron , c which re¬ 
ceives them when they come firft. This Acheron was 
the Son of 'Terra or Ceres , born in a Cave, and con¬ 
ceived without a Father * and, becaufe he could not 
endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 

The fcccnd is Styx 9 which is a Lake rather than a 
River* c and was formerly the Daughter of Oceanus , 
and the Mother of the Goddefs Tiftoria by Acheron . 
When Victoria was on Jupiter’s Side in his War againft 
the Giants, (he obtained this Prerogative for her Mother, 


Ipje rat cm conto fubigit, *velifq\ miniflraty 
Et ferrugUied fuLwcftat corpora cy?nba. 

Jam fenior ; fed cruda Deo ajiridi/q*, fenedhts. JEn. 6, 
There Charon hands who rules the dreary Coafts ; 

A fordid God ; down from his hoary Chin 
A Length of Beard defends, uncomb’d, unclean: 

His Eyes *ike hollow Furnaces on Fire ; 

A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfeene Attire, 

He fpreads his Canvas, with his Pole he (leers. 

The Freights of flitting Ghods in his thin Bottom bears, 
He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were feen. 

A youthful Vigour and autumnal Green. 

* Centum err at anttos 9 c volitant bate lit tor a circum : 

Turn demum admijjiJlag 7 ia exoptata re*vifunt . 

A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 

At length, their Penance done, are wafted o’er. 
b Lucian. deLudt. c Plato in Phaedone. d Paufan. 
in Atticis. c Heliod. in Theogon. 

2 that 



Of the Gods of the He at he ns. 249 

that no Oath that was fworn among the Gods by her 
Name fhould ever be violated : For if any of the Gods 
broke an Oath fworn by Styx, they were banifhed from 
the Ne£tar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
nine Days. This is the Stygian Lake, by which b 
when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
the utmoft Scrupuloufnefs. 

The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
and increafes the Exclamations of the Damned. 

Next comes c P hiegethon or Puriphlegcthon , fo called 
becaufe it fwells with Waves of Fire y and all its Streams 
are Flames. 

When the Souls of the Dead have pafled over thefe 
four Rivers, they are afterwards carried to the Palace 
of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a Dog with 
three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
ner with Snakes inftead of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
ter of Hell , (] begotten of Echidna , by the Giant Typhotz * 
and is deferibed by c Virgil and by f Horace . But from 
him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell s 
Pluto and Proferpine . 


a Serv. in JEneid. 6. 
b DU cujus jurare tbnent & fullere nuinen. 

The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
.Attefls in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
c A \pTiiyea ardeo, quod undis intnmeat ignis flammeofq; 
flu cl us evolvat. d Hefiod. in Theogon. 

v Cerberus hiec ingens lat rat 21 regna trifauci 
Pcrfonat ad<verfo recubans immanis in antro . ' 

Stretch’d in his Kennel, monftrous Cerb'rus round 
From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refound. 

1 Ffffit Unman is tibi blandienti 

fan iter auhe 

Cerberus : quamsvis furiale centum 
Jhoiia?it angues caput cjus ; atqye 
Spirit us teter , faniefqite manat 

Ore trilingui . 


L. 3. Odar. 11. 

Hell’s 



24S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu., 
oufly who come, but fuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
when they die; for the a Unburicd wander about the 
Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over; 
But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaft a 
Halfpenny. 

P. Thofe three or four Rivers (if my Eyes do not 
deceive me) muft be palled over by the Dead , muft 
they not ? 

Ad. Yes; the firjl of them is Acheron , c which re¬ 
ceives them when they come fir ft. This Acheron was 
the Son of Terra or Ccres> born in a Cave, and con¬ 
ceived without a Father ; and, becaufe he could not 
endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 

The feccnd is Styx^ which is a Lake rather than a 
River, c and was formerly the Daughter of Occanus , 
and the Mother of the Goddefs Pifioria by Acheron. 
When Vidforia was on Jupiter’s Side in his War againft 
the Giants, £he obtained this Prerogative for her Mother, 


Ipfe rat cm conto fubigit, *veUfq\ mhiiflrat > 

Et ferrughzed Jui'vc&at corpora cymbd , 

Jam fenior ; fed cruda Deo *viridifq\ feneflus. TEn. 6 , 
There Charon Hands who rules the dreary Coafts ; 

A fordid God ; down from his hoary Chin 
A Length of Beard defends, uncomb’d, unclean : 

His Eyes Hke hollow Furnaces on Fire ; 

A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfeene Attire, 

He fpreads his Canvas, with his Pole he fleers. 

The Freights of flitting Ghods in his thin Bottom bears, 
He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were feen 
A youthful Vigour and atftumnal Green. 
n Centum err at annos , ntolitatit hate littora circam: 

Tum demum admijfi'Jl Cigna ex opt at a r&utfunt* 

A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 

At length, their Penance done, are wafted o'er. 
b Lucian.. deLuft. c Plato in Phsedone. d Paufan* 

in Atticis. c Hefiod. in Theogon. 

2 that 




Of the Gods of the Heathens. 249 

that no Oath that was fworn among the Gods by her 
Name (hould ever be violated : For if any of the Gods 
broke an Oath fworn by Styx , they were banifhed from 
the Ne£tar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
nine Days. This is the Stygian Lake, by which 
when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
the utmoft Scrupuloufnefs. 

The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
and increafes the Exclamations of the Damned . 

Next comes c Phlegethon or Puripblcgcihon , fo called 
becaufe it fwells with JVavesof Fire y and all its Streams 
are Flames. 

When the Souls of the Dead have pafled over thefe 
four Rivers, they are afterwards carried to the Palace 
of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a Dog with 
three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
ner with Snakes inftead of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
ter of FlelU fl begotten of Echidna? by the Giant Typhon * 
and is deferibed by ° Virgil and by f Horace „ But from 
him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell s 
Pluto and Proferpine . 


a Serv. in AEneid. 6. 
b Dii cujus jurare timent & fnllere numen. 

The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
Attefts in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
c A (p'Kiyta ardeo, quod undis intumeat ignis flammcolq; 
fluclus evolvat. d Hefiod. in Theogon. 
e Cerberus b*ec ingens latratu regna trifauci 
Pafonat ad*uerfo recubans ijnmanis in antro • ' 

Stretch’d in his Kennel, monftrous CcrPrus round 
From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refoundo 
f Ceffst imtnanis tibi blandienti 

Janitor ciuLe 

Cerberus : quamvis furiale centum 
Muniant angttes caput cjus ; atque 
Spirit us teter 9 faniefque manat 

Ore trilingui . 


L. 3» Odar. ii» 

Heirs 



2 jo Of (he Gods of the Heathens » 

Hell's grifly Porter let you pafs. 

And frown’d and liken’d to your Lays, 

The Snakes around his Head grew tame ; 

His Jaws no longer glow’d with Flame ; 

Nor triple Tongue was kain’d with Blood ; 
l\o more his Breath with Venom Bow’d. 


C H A P. IIL 
Pluto. 

Af. f PI IS is Pluto , the King of Hell , a begotten of 

JL Saturn and Ops 0 and the Brother of Jupiter 
and Neptune . Pie has thefe infernal Dominions allotted 
to him, not only becaufe, in that Divifion of his Fa¬ 
ther's Kingdom mentioned before, the weftern Parts 
fell £0 his Lot; but alfo, as fome fay, b becaufe the In¬ 
vention of burying, and of honouring the Dead with 
Funeral Obfeqtd.es , proceeded from him : For the fame 
Reafon he is thought to excrcife a Sovereignty over the 
Dead. Look upon him, he fits on a Throne covered 
with Darknefs, and difeover, if yon can, his Habit, and 
the Enfign of his Majcfty more narrowly. 

P . I fee him, though in the midft of fo much Dark¬ 
nefs, and can diftinguifh him eafily ; c he holds a Key- 
in his Hand, inftead of a Sceptre, and is (I crowned with 

Sometimes I have alfo feen him crowned with a 
Diadem ; and c fometimes with the Flowers of Nar- 
cijjus (or white Daffodils) and fometimes with Cyprefs 
Leaves; becaufe thofe Plants greatly pleafe him, and 
efpecially the Narcijfus^ becaufe he ft ole away Profcr- 

a Diodor. Sicul. 4. Bib!. b Idem apad Lilium Gy raid. 
Euripid. in Phccn. c Paufan* in pr. liiae. d Marian* 
c Lift Gy raid. 


Ebony 

M. 


pine 





O/* the Gods of the Heat hems. 255 

p' me w hen (he gathered that Flower, as I (hall flicw pre¬ 
pay, Very often a a Rod is put into his Hand in the 
place of a Sceptre, with which he guides the Dead tts 
Hell: b And fometimes he wears a Hend-piece, which - 
makes him c invifible. His Chariot and Ho ribs are of 
a black Colour, and, rt when he carried away Profier- 
pine, ho rode in it. But if you would know what ihofe 
Kty'shgn ify, which he has in his Hands, the Anfwer is 
plain, That, when once the Dead are received into his 
Kingdom, theGates are locked againft them, and e the;e 
is no Regrefs thence into this Idle again. 

P. Why is he called Pluto ? 

M. I’ll tell you that, and alfo the Meaning of the refl: 
of his Names. 

His Greek Name f Pluto or Plant on, as well as his 
la tin Name DA, fignifies Wealth. The Reafon why 
he is fo called, is, becaufe all our Wealth comes from 
the lowed and moil inward Bowels of the Earth 5 and 
i becaufe, as Tzdly writes, s all the natural Powers and 
Faculties of the Earth are under his Direction ; for alj 
Things go to the Earth, and proceed from thence. 

The Name "Afe? [ Hades ] by which he is called 
among the Greeks , b fignifies dark , glcomy , and melon- 
cbolyy or elfe, 1 as others guefs, invifible \ becaufe 



a Varr. apud eund. b Pind. in Od. c Homer. 5. Iliad* 
; d Hygen. Akron, Poet. e Ovid. 5. Metam. 

j f - Facilis defier fins A virtu : 

1 Sed revocare gradum, finperofiq, evadere ad auras, 

; Hoc opus, hie labor efi -- Virg. -fEnekL 

j To tli 1 Shades you go a downhill eafy Way ; 

- But to return, and re-enjoy the Day, 

j That is a Work, a Labour- 

z divinas. h Terrena vis omnis ac natura ipfx 

dedicata credebatur, Tul. 2. de Nat. Deor. 1 "A^ dedA., 
id efl, trike, tenebrofum. Aut quafi clopdl^, quod videri 
niinime pofiit, aut ab « privante, & clbSv, videre. Scrr. ap. 
Hut. Phurnut. Gaza ap Lil. Gyr. 


he 



£52 Of the Gods of the Heathens . | 

he fits in Darknefs and Obfcurity ; his Habitation i s | 
melancholy and lonefome, and he feldom appears to 1 

open View. | 

He is likewife called a Agefihus, becaufe he leads | 
People to the infernal Regions ; and fometimes b Age- \ 
lajlus, becaufe that it was never known that Pkt 0 f 

laughed. j 

His Name Februus comes from the old Word p e . j 

hruo, to purge by Sacrifice , becaufe Purgations and Lu- \ 

firations were ufed at Funerals; whence the Month of j 

c February receives alfo its Appellation ; at which Time, I 

cfpecially the Sacrifices, called Februa , were offered by j 

the Romans to this God. j 

He is called Orcus and Ouragus, as fome fay, 15 be¬ 
caufe he excites and haftens People to their Ruin and 
Death : But others think that he is fo named, c be¬ 
caufe, like one that brings up the Rear of an Army, 
he attends at the laft Moments of Men’s Lives. 

We find him fometimes called f Quietus, becaufe by 

Death he brings Reft to all Men. 

He is called fiummanus, that is, the Chief e of all the 
infernal Deities ; the principal Governor of all the 
Ghofts and departed Spirits. The Thunder, that hap¬ 
pens in the Night, is attributed to him : Whence he is 
commonly ftiled alfo the Infernal Jupiter, the Stygian 
Jupiter, the Third Jupiter ; as Neptune is the Second 

'Jupiter. 

p , What is the Office and Power of Pluto ? 



a Xlcefi ~l aytis res a ducendis populis ad inferos, 

b Ab * privat. & rideo, quod fine rifu fit. c Ovid. 

Fafior. ]. z. '’'Orcus quafi Urgus & Ouragus ab urgendo, 
quod homines urgeat in interitum, Cicero in \ errem, 6. 
c ’o -j^yh cum fignificat qui agmen cl audit; fimili modo 
Pluto pod remum humanae vitas a£tum excipit, Outhr. l.i. 
c. a., de fur. Man. z. f Quod morte quietem cundtis aiie- 

rat,‘ Fcilus. s Quafi fummus Deorurn manium, Aug. de 
Civit. Dei, 1 . 4. " ™ 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 2 53 

M. If you. do not fully underftand that, from what 
has been laid already, the Fates will tell you, that he 
* prefides over Life and Death : 1 hat he not only go¬ 
verns the departed Spirits below, but alfo can lengthen 
orfhortcn the Lives of Men here on the Earth, as he 

thinks fit. 


a --- O mcixhne noflis 

Arbiter , umbrarumq ; patens, citi noftra labora?it 
Stamina) qui'Jincm cun cl is & femina praebes, 

Na/ceudiq; •vices alternci marie rependis, 

*>)tti <vitam lethimiq ; regis. — Claud, de Raptu Prolerp. 
Great Prince o’ th’ gloomy Regions of the Dead, 
From whom we hourly move our Wheel and Thread* 
Of Nature’s Growth and End thou hall the Sway, 

All Mortals Birth with Death thou doll repay. 

Who doll command ’em both.- 

* 


CHAP. IV. 

P L U T U S„ 


r 


HOUGH Plutus be not an infernal God, yet, 
as his Name and Office were very like and agree¬ 
able to Pluto , I will take this Occafion to fav fortiethino- 
of him; for they are (both of them) Gods of Riches , 
which are the Root of all Evil, and which Nature, our 
common Parent, hath placed near Hell; and indeed, 
there is not a nearer Way to Hell, than to hunt greedily 
after Riches. 

% 

This Plutus was the Son of b 'Jafon, or Ja/hts , by 
Ceres: Pie was blind and lame, injudicious, and mighty 
timorous. And truly thefe Infirmities are juftlv aicri- 
bed to him : For, if he was not blind and injudicious. 



b Hefiod, in Theogcn 




fi » <-‘S 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


he would never pafs over good Men, and heap hia 
Treafures upon the bad. He is lame ; becaufe great 
Eftates come flowly. He is fearful and timorous; be¬ 
caufe rich Men watch their Treafures with a great 

deal of Fear and Care. 



* 

1 

1 



CHAP. V. 

SECT. I. Proserpine. 


M. Q H E, who fits next to Pluto, is the j Diteen of 

' Pie 'll, 3 the Infernal Juno, b the Lady (as the 

Greeks commonly call her) and the mo ft beloved Wife 
of Pluto, c the Daughter of Ceres and Jupiter. She is 
called both Proferpine and Libera. Jupiter, her Father, 
begat her, when he was difguifed in the Shape of a 
Bull ; and after fhe was born and grown up, d he de¬ 
bauched her himfelf, in the Shape of a Dragon:' 
whence it came to pafs, that, in the Myjleries of the 
,Sabazia , a Golden Snake, folded in a Circle, was pro¬ 
duced ; which, when any were initiated, was ufually 
put into their Bofoms, and received again, when it Hid 
down from them below. 

P. But by what Fate became Proferpine the Wife of 
this Hack God ? 

M. In this Manner: When all the Goddefles re- 
fufed to marry Pluto, becaufe he was fo deformed, he 
was vexed at this Contempt and Scorn, and troubled, 
that he was forced to live a frngle Life always ; where¬ 
fore in a Rage he feated himfelf in a Chariot, and arofe 
on a fudden : From a Den in Sicily, f he faw a Compa¬ 
ny of very beautiful Virgins gathering Flowers in the 


a Virg. fEneid. 6 . b Alovroircz, id eft, Domina, Pauf in 
/.read. c Ileiiod. in Theogon. d Arnob. 1. 5 . c Eufe- 
bius Pra?p. Evang. f Cic. in Verrem. 


Fields 



Of fhe Gods of the Heathens «, 255 

Fields of Enna (a beautiful Place, fituated about the 
Middle of the Ifland, and therefore called the Navel 
of Sicily*) One of them, Proferpine , pleafed him above 
the reft, for ftie furpafted them all in Beauty. He came 
rao-ino- with Love, and carried her with him from than 
Place, and on a {udden he funk into the Earth near 
Syracufe. In the Place where he defcended, a Lake 
arofe: And a Cicero fays, the People of Syracufe keep 
yearly Feftivals, to which great Multitudes of both 
Sexes flock. 

P. O ! poor Lady ! I am troubled at her Misfortune* 
her Unhappinefs moves my Companion. But what fol¬ 
lowed ? 

M. The Nymphs, her Companions, were grlevotif- 
}y affrighted, and fled away to any Place where they 
could expeft Safety. In the mean Time Ceres , the 
Mother of Proferpine , comes, who, by Chance, was 
abfent when her Daughter was ftolen ; fhe feeks her 
Daughter among her Acquaintance a long Time, but 
in vain. Therefore, in the next Place, fhe kindles 
Torches by the Flames, which burft forth from the 
Top of the Mountain /Etna , and goes with them to 
feek her Daughter throughout the whole World : 
Neither did- fhe give over her vain Labour, till the 
Nymph Areihifa fully affured her that Proferpine was 
ftolen by Pluto , and carried down into his Kingdom. 
And then in great Anger fhe haliened and expofluiated 
with b Jupiter , concerning the V iolence that was offer¬ 
ed to her Daughter. In fhort, Jupiter promifed to re- 
ftore Proferpine again, if fhe had not yet tafted any 
Thing in Hell. Ceres went joyfully down, and Prefer - 
pine , full of Triumph and Gladnefs, prepared to return 
into this World ; when-one Afcalaphus difeovered that 
he law Proferpine^ while fhe walked in Pluto's, Orchard* 
pluck a Pomegranate, and cat fome Grains of it; where¬ 
upon Proferpine'' s Journey was immediately flopped. 

a 6 in Venera. b Servlus in 1 Georgia, 

Ceres , 


2 5 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 1 

Ceres t her Mother, amazed at this new Mifchanee, 1 
and incenfed at the fatal Difcovery of AJcalapbus , turn- | 
cd him into an Owl, a Bird of an ill Otnen, and un¬ 
lucky to all that fee it; but at laft, by the Importu- f 
nity of her Prayers to 'Jupiter, fhe extorted this Ft- \ 
vour from him, that he fhould give Leave a that Pro- l 
ferpine might live half the Year at leaft with her in \ 
the Heavens, and the other half below in Hell with ] 
her Hufband. Proferpine afterwards loved this dif- j 
ao-reeable Hufband fo much, that fhe was jealous, and j 
changed JHcnthct, who was his hdiftrefs, into Atint, an -j 

Herb of her own Name. j 

1 

** Et Dea regnorum ISfumeu Commune duorum 7 
Cum 7natr c cj } tot idem , tot idem cum conjuge menjes . 

Ovid. Metam. 5. 

The Goddefenow 211 either Empire fways ; 

Six Months with Ceres , fix with Pluto Hays. 


SECT. II. 


of the 


P . -tjt O U have told a very pretty Story; pray what 

JL is the Signification of it ? _ _ . 

Jlf. The Signification of it is this ; b Ceres is the 

Earthy and her Daughter Proferpine the Fertility of the 
Earth, or rather the c Seed by which it is fertile, 
which Seedlies buried in the Ground in the Winter^but 
in the Summer breaks forth and becomes r ruit. Ihus 
Proferpine (the Emblem of the Seed) lies half the 
Year in Hell, and the other half in Heaven. Others 


leaimuut, ~ .-„ ^ . r ,, n/r^ 

explain this Fable fo, as by it to figmfy the Mm, 
which is hid from us, in the Hemifphere of the Coun¬ 
tries beneath us, as long as it femes to us in cur own. 

Some believe that Hecate is the fame with Pi ojei- 
plne ; and if you are willing to follow their Opinion, 



b Var. apud Auguflinum de Civit. Dex 7. 
1. dePrsep. Evang. 


c Eufeb, 


you 



• • 

Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2$7 

you muft call to mind what I have faid before, when I 
difcourfed of Diana . 

Les us now turn our Eyes toward the "Tribunal of 
Pluto, where you fee, in that difmal Picture, conti¬ 
nual Trials* and all Perfons, as well the Accufers as 
the Offenders* that have been formerly wicked in their 
Lives, receive their Deaths impartially from the three 
pdtes; after Death they receive their Condemnation 
impartially from the three Judges ; and, after Con¬ 
demnation, their Punifhment impartially from the 
three tormenting Furies . 


G HAP. VI. 

The Fates. 

P. '^Y/'HERE are thofe Fates? Shew me. Sir. 

V V M. Thofe three old Ladies are the Fates -° 
Their a Garments are made of Eimin, white as Snows 
and bordered with Purple. They were born either of 
Nox and Erebus , or of c NeceJJity , or of the d Sea, or of 
that rude and indigejicd Mofs , which the Ancients cal¬ 
led Chaos. They are called Farces in Latin ; becaufe, 
as 0 Varro thinks, they diffributed good and bad Things 
to Perfons at their Birth : Or as the common and re¬ 
ceived Opinion is ; f becaufe they /pare no-body. They 
are likewife called Fat um , Fate ; and are Three in 
Number * s becaufe they order the paft, prefent, and 


;l Catullus in Epitli. Thet. b Heliod. in. Theogon, 

c Plato, 1 . 10. de Republ. d Licophron. c Parcre di- 
cuntur a partu quod nafeentibus hominibus bona nialaque 
con Ferre cenfeantur. f Aut a parcendo per Antiphrafin, 
quf d nemini parcant. Servius in i. ^Encid. s Eufebius 
in Pr.xp. Evang. 1 . 6. 


S 


future 


25 8 


Of the Gods of th 


future Time. Fate, fays a Tully, is all that -which G 0 ,\ 
hath decreed and refolved jhall come to pafs, and which the 
Grascians ea//Eifiaef*Er/j '\_Kimarmene.~\ It is, fays 1 ’ Cbry- 
fippus) a perpetual, certain, and unavoidable Series and 
Chain of Things, wrapping and hi folding up itfelf in an 
Order ofConfequences , which compofe the feveral Links, and 
folloiv one another to all Eternity. c Fa turn is derived 
from the Word Fari, to pronounce, or declare-, becaufe 
when any one is born, thefe three Sifters pronounce 
what Fate will befall him ; as we fee in the Story of 

Meleager. 

P. What are their Names and Offices? 

M. The Name of one is A Clotho ; the fecond is cal¬ 
led c ' Lachefts ; the third f Atrtypos ; becaufe (he is un¬ 
alterable, unchangeable. Thefe Names the Grecians 
give them " e Sfhe Poynans call them Fiona, Decinui, 

and Morta. 

Xo them is intruded the Management of the fatal 
Thread of Life : For Clotho draws the Thread betwixt 
her Finders ; Lachefs turns about the Wheel; and A - 
tropos cuts the Thread fpun, with a Pair of Sciflars. 
That is, Clotho gives us Life, and brings us into the 
World ; Lachefs determines the Fortunes that fhall 
befall us here; and Atropos concludes our Lives: Ons 
Peaks, the other writes , and the third /pins. 


a Eft autem Fatum id omne quod a Deo conftitutum & 
defia-natum eft ut eveniat, quod Grseci tlpx&Ln appellant. 
Tullius de Fato & i Divinat. b Eimarmene femmtema 
quredam eft & indeclinabilis rerum fenes & catena, fefe wl- 
vens & implicans per reternos confequenti® ordxnes e quibm 
connexa eft. Boet. in Top. c Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. A 
verbo -Mboi, id eft, neo. c te VX &vu, Tortior. Ab * 

nrivativa particula, & rfiro:, verto, quod verti & fietti nc- 
queat. s Cefen. Vind. ap. Lil. Gyr. _ h Una loqui- 
tur, altera feribit, tertia fila ducit. Serv. in JEnei . 


CHAP. 


•Ur* ..m i . -C. t t- , C*£l.<Z?jl*r.2h££& 



Of the Gods of the Heathens * 


CHAR VIL 

The Furies. 

A N D what are thofe Monjlers called, that have 
f\, the Faces of JVomen? Their Looks are full of 
Terror ; they hold lighted Torches in their Hands $ 
Snakes and Serpents lath their Necks and Shoulders. 

Jld. They are the Furies , called in Latin fometimes 
Furitf ; a becaufe they make Men mad, by the Stings 
of Confcience which Guilt produces. They are alfo 
called b Dirce^, c Eumenides , and a Canes ; and were the 
Offspring of c Nox and f Acheron ; but their proper 
Names are Aleflo^ Tifphone , and Megecra ; g and they 
are efteemed Virgins; becaufe, fince they are the A- 
vengers of all Wickednefs, nothing can corrupt and 
pervert them from inflicting the Punifhment that is 
due to the Offender. 

P. Why are there only three Furies ? 

M. Becaufe there are three h principal Paffions of the 
Mind, Anger , Covetoufncfsj and Lufi^ by which Man¬ 
kind is chiefly hurried into all Sorts of Wickednefs : 
For Anger begets Revenge, Covetoufncfs provokes us to 
get immoderate Wealth by Right or Wrong, and Lufi 
perfuades us to purfue our Pleafures at any Rate. In¬ 
deed feme add a 1 fourth Fury , called Lijfo , that is. Rage 
and Mcidnefs ; but fhe is eafily reduced to the other 
three : As alfo Erinnys , a Name common to tfyem all. 

P. What is the Office of the Furies ? 

M.- They are appointed to obferve and punifli the 
Crimes of ill Men, and to torment the Confciences of 


a Quod federates in furorem agant. b Virg. .ZEneid, 
3* c Ibid. 3 . d Ibid. 4. e Ibid. 6. f Ibid. 11. s Sui- 
das & Orph. in Hymn. h Ifidor. ap. Gyr. * Eurip. in 
Hercule furente, 

S 2 fecret 



2 6o O/ the Gods of the Heathens'* 

fecret Offenders ; whence they are commonly alfo enti¬ 
tled, 3 the Goddeffes , the Difcov.erers and Revengers of evil 
A ft ions. They punifh and torment the Wicked, by 
frightening and following them with burning Torches\ 
You fee the Pi flu re of them there, and you will fLd 
them beautifully b deferibed in the Twelfth Book of 
Virgil's j£neids. 

p m What did the Poets intend by thefe Furies? 

M. Only, fays Cicero , that they, who have done any 

wicked and unlawful Thing, are tormented and affrigh¬ 
ted, not with the Blows and the burning Torches of the 
Furies, as it is in the Fable, but with the Stings of their 
own evil Conferences : For , c fays he, every one's own 
Fraud , and his own Terror, bring him the greatejl Vexa¬ 
tion: Every one's own Wickednefs torments and enrages 
him ; his otvn evil Thoughts and the Lafltes of his Confci - 
cnce affright him : Thefe are conjlant and Domeftick Furies 
to the Wicked , that Night and Day exact the Punijhment 
of them that their Crimes deferve. 

■ i^i i p iw ■■■■■ > ■ i f. ‘ 1 1 1 m-m • - 

* Desc fpecul at rices 8 c vindices Facinomm. 
b Dictmtnr geminsc'pcjles , cog nomine Dim?, 
fy as IT' Tartar earn Fox intemfefta Megceram 
Uno codemqi lulit partn , paribufq\ revinxit 
Serpent am fpiris, *vcntofafque a.ddidit alas . 

Deep in the difmal Regions void of Light, 

Two Daughters at a Birth were born to Night : 

Thefe their brown Mother, brooding on the Care, 
Endu’d with windy Wings to fleet in Air, ^ [Hair, 
With Serpents girt alike, and crown’d with hilling 
In Heav’n the Dir re call’d. 
c Sua enim quemque fraus Sc fuus terror maxime vexat; 
fuum quemq; fcelus exagitat, amentiaque afficit: furemalx 
cogitationes confcientireque animi terrent. Kce funt impiis 
afiiduse domefticse Furire, quse dies noftefq; pcenas a fcclcri- 
bus repetunt. Or. pro Rofcio Am. 


J6 

T| 


ft 


CHAP, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 261 


CHAP. V1IL 

Night, Death, Sleep. 

% 

p. \ 7 OU mentioned juft now Nox an & Erebus: Are 

they {I pray you) cf the Number of the Gods? 
M* Yes ; Nox is, of all the Gods, the moft ancient; 
She was the Sifter of Erebus , and the Daughter of the 
firft Chaos ; and of thefe two, Nox and Erebus , Death 
'Mors] was born. She is dreffed ufually with a fpeck- 
ed Garment ?*id black Wings; But there are no 
Temples nor Sacrifices, nor Priefts confecrated to 
Mors j becaufe fhe is a Goddefs whom no a Prayers 
can move, or Sacrifices pacify. 

, -Soninas [Sleep] h is the Brother of Deaths and c he al- 
fo hath Wings, like her. Iris y who was fent by Juno 
to the Palace of this God, mentions the great Benefits 
that he beftows on Mankind ; fuch as fl ghitet of Minf 
Tranquillity* Freedo??i from Care , and Refrejhment of the 
Spirits , whereby Men are enabled to proceed in their 
Labours. In this Palace there are c two Gates, out 

of 

, t-muMn 1 nnw , n |, mm . >■ i rro m m n» ■ 1 , m ■■ " » ■» « 1 1 .—■ 

11 Horat. 2. Sermonum. b Orpheus in Hymn. c Homer. 
Iliad. | Virg. JEne id. 5. 
a Somne quics rerum, placidijjime Somne Deornm > 

Pax animi, quern cur a fugtt, qui corpora duris 
FeJ/a minijlenzs mule os reparafq\ labor i . Ovid. Met. 1 1. 

Thou Reil o’th 1 World, Sleep* the moft peaceful God a 
Who driv’ft Care from the Mind, and dolt unload 
The tired Limbs of all their Wearinefs, 

And for new Toil the Body doft refrefh. 
c Sunt ge mince Somni port re, quorum altera fort nr 
Cornea, qua <veris facllis datur exit us timin's : 

Alt era cundenti perfcfla miens elephant0 : 

-olfctifa ad ccelum mittunt inf omnia Manes . ./En, 6 . 

S 3 Two 



26 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

of which Dreams pafs and repafs : One of thefe Gate' 
was made of clear Ivory, through which falfe Dreams 
pafs ; and the other of them was made of tranfparent 
Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
Men. a . Morpheus^ the Servant of Sotnnus , who can put 
on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
who fleep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
great fpreading Elm in Hell* under whofe Shadow 
they ufually lit. 


Two Gates the filent Houfe of Sleep adorn; 

Of poliftTd Iv'ry this, that of tranfparent Horn. 
True Vifions thro’ tranfpaient Horn arife. 

Thro 7 polilh’d Iv’ry pafs deluding Lyes. 

3 Ovid. n.Metam. Virg. 6. ./EnekL 

■■ ■■■■ . ■ ■ ■ - -- . ■■ ■ — —— ■ ■ - _ 


CHAP. IX. 



'She Judges of Hell , Minos, JEacus, Rhada- 

MANTHUS. 

EAR the three Furies and the three Fates 1 you 
fee the three 'Judges of Hell , Minos , Rha daman- 
thus , and /Earns.) who are believed to be Judges of the 
Soids of the Dead ; becaufe they exercifed the Offices 
of Judges in Crete , with the greateft Prudence, Dif- 
pretion, and Juftice. The two firft were the Sons of 
Jupiter by Europe \ the laft was the Son of Jupiter by 
JEgina ; and when all the Subjects of Queen Mgtna 
were fwept away in a Plague, befides himfelf, he 
begged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
of Mankind, which was almoft extinft; and Jupiter 
heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
Ants , which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 


3 Homer. 2. OdyfT* 


b Ovid.. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 

who 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



who afterwards were called Myrmidones from ftvepvg 
\Murmex ] which Word fignifics an Ant. 

Thefe three had their particular Province affigned by 
phito in this Manner: Rhadamanthns was appointed to 
judge the Aftaticks , and JEacus the Europeans , each hold¬ 
ing a Staff in his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
tre and fits alone, and overfees the Judgments of Rha- 
iamanthus and AEacus\ and if in their Courts there arofe 
a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it. 
* Tully adds to thefe a fourth Judge, Triptolemus \ but 
we have already difcourfed of him in his proper Place, 


a Tufc. Quaffi. lib. i, 

chap: x. 

SECT. I. The mojt famous of the Condemned 

in licit. 

F ROM the fudges let us proceed to the Criminals , 
whom you fee reprefented therein horrid Colours ; 
It will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
brated of them, and fhew their Crimes, and the Punifh- 
ments which were therefore inflicted on them. 


SECT. II. The Giants „ 

% 

^T^HESE Giants* were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
JL when he was impregnated by the Blood of Cae¬ 
lum, which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror. 


* Heflod. in Theogon, 

S 4 


Thejr 


26 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

of which Dreams pafs and repafs : One of thefe Gate; 
was made of clear Ivory* through which falfe Dreams 
pafs; and the other of them was made of tranfparem 
Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
Men. a . Morpheus , the Servant of S 6 mnus> who can put 
on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
who fleep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
great Spreading Elm in Hell, under whofe Shadow 

they ufually fit. 


Two Gates the filent Houfeof Sleep adorn; 

Of polifh’d Iv’ry this, that of tranfparent Horn. 
True Vifions thro’ tranfpaient Horn arife. 

Thro’ polifh’d Iv'ry pafs deluding Lyes* 
a Ovid. n.Metam. Virg. 6. -Eneid. 


>3 


* 



CHAP. IX. 


<£he Judges of Hell , Minos, Abacus, Rhada- 

MANTHUS. 


N EAR the three Furies and the three Fates 1 you 

fee the three Judges of Hell, Minos, Rhadaman- 
thus , and /Focus, who are believed to be Judges of the 
Souls of the Dead-, becaufe they exercifed the Offices 
of Judges in Crete, with the greateft Prudence, Dif- 
pretion, and Juftice. The two firft were the Sons of 
Jupiter by Europe-, the Iaft was the Son of Jupiter by 
JEgina ; and when all the Subjects of Queen Mgina 
were fwept away in a Plague, beftdes himfelf, he 
beo-ged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
of & Mankind, which was almoft extin£ 1 5 and Jupiter 
heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
ftntSj which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 



* Homer. 2. OdylTl 


b Ovid. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 

who 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


263 


who afterwards were called Myrmidones from 
[jldurmex^ which Word fignifies an Ant* 

\Tbefe three had their particular Province affigned by 
Pluto in this Manner: Rhadamanthus was appointed to 
judge the Afiaticks^ and Macus the Europeans , each hold¬ 
ing a Staff in his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
tre and fits alone, and overfees the Judgments of Rba~ 
damanthus nn&Aiacusy and if in their Courts there arofie 
a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it* 
t^ully adds to thefe a fourth Judge, 'Triptolemus ; but 
we have already difeourfed of him in his proper Place* 


a Tufc. Quafft. lib. 1. 


CHAP* X* 

SECT, I. The moft famous of the Condemned 

in Hell. 

\ 

F ROM the "Judges let us proceed to the Criminals f 
whom you fee reprefented therein horrid Colours : 
It will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
brated of them, and (hew their Crimes, and the Punifh- 
meats which were therefore inflicted on them* 


SECT. II. The Giants . 

* 

^T^HESE Giants* were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
JL when he was impregnated by the Blood of Co?- 
him , which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror. 


1 ‘ -- - — » v^— •- :• j rr. '-V ' 


a Hefxod. in Theogon P 

s 4 


Their 


264 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


Their Impudence a was fo great, that they ftrove to 
depofe Jupiter from the Pofleffion of Heaven : And 
when they engaged with the celejlud Gods , they b heap¬ 
ed up Mountains upon Mountains, and from thence 
darted Trees fet on Fire againft the Gods of Heaven . 
c They hurled alfo prodigious maffy Stones and folid 
Rocks, fome of which falling upon the Earth again, 
became Mountains; others fell into the Sea, and be¬ 
came I(lands. This d Battle was fought upon the PA/*. 
grean Plains, near the Borders of Campania** which 
Country is called Phlegra , from ep/Jyco [Phlego~\ uro , for 
it abounds in fubterraneous Fires, and hot Baths flow¬ 
ing continually- T he Giants were beaten, and all cut 
-off, either by Jupiter’s Thunder, Jp olio’s Arrows, or 
by the Arms of the reft of the Qods. And fomefay, 
that out of the Blood of the Slain, which was fpilled 
upon the Earth, Serpents and fuch invenomed and 
pernicious Animals were produced. The moil emi¬ 
nent of thofe Giants were 

Typhosus, or Typhon , the Son of Juno , f conceived by 

her without a Father. So vaft was his Magnitude, 
that he touched theEaft with one Hand, and the Weft 
with the other, and the Heavens with the Crown of his 
Head. A hundred Dragon’s Heads grew from his Shoul¬ 
ders , his Body was covered withFeatheis, Scales, rug¬ 
ged Hair, and Adders \ from the Ends of his Fingeis 
Snakes iffued,and his two Feet had the Shape and Folds 
of a Serpent’s Body. His Eyes fparkled with Fire, and his 
Mouth belched out Flames : yet he was at laft overcome 
and thrown down} and, left he fhould rife again, the 

whole I(land of Sicily was laid upon him. Th\s Hand 
■ ' was 


c Duns Sa¬ 
in Apollin. 


a Homer. Odyff. 12. I 3 Ovid. Me tarn. 1. 
mius. d Nat. Comes, 1 . 6 . c Homer. Hymn. 
f Niiitur tile quidetn, pugnatque refurgere J<repe ; 

D extra fed Aufonio manus cji fubjefta Pehro ; 

Laeua y Pachyne, tibi ; Lily base crura frenuinfur > 

Pr&gravat AEtna capilt, Ovid. Metara. 5 


He 



Of the Gods of the Heathens « 



w as alfo called Trinacria , becaufe it bears the Shape of 
a Triangle, in tlie Corners of which are the three Pro¬ 
montories, Pel or us, Pachynus , and Lilybceus ; Pylorus 
was placed on his Right Hand, Pachynus on his Left, 
and Lilybatis lay upon his Legs. 

/Egeon was another prodigious and cruel Giant: a 
yirgxl tells us he had fifty Heads, and an hundred Hands, 
from whence he was called Centwngeminus , and b by the 
(Grecians , Briareus. He hurled an hundred Rocks a- 
«7ainft Jupiter at one Throw, yet Jupiter dafhed him 
down, and bound him in an hundred Chains, and c 
thruft him under the Mountain Mina , where, as often 
as he moves his Side, the Mountain calls forth great 
Flames of Fire. 

Aloeus , fcecaufe of his Age, could not, in this War* 
take up Arms againft the Gods; but he fent Othus and 
pPphialtes (which, tho’ his Wife had them by Neptune), 
vet were they called Aloidcz^rovsx their reputed Father;) 
they went in their Father Aloeus’s Stead, and aflifted the 
Giants ; but the fame Fate attended them, and they alfo 
fuffered the Punifhment of their Rafhnefs in Hell. 


He llrugglcs oft, and oft attempts to rife 3 
Put on his Right-Hand vaft Pelorus lie*: 

On’s felt Pachpms ; Lilybseus fpreads 
O’er his huge Thighs,' and AEtna keeps his Head^* 
a Mgeon qualify centum cui brachia dicunty 
Ccntenafq\ ma?iuSy quinquaginta oribus igne??i 
Pecloribu/qy arjij)'e : Jovis cum fulmina contra 
Pot paribus Jlreperet clypeis , tot Jlringeret enfes. 

And as AEgcoiiy when with Heaven he drove. 

Stood oppofite in Arms to mighty Jove, 

Mov’d all his hundred Hands, provok’d to War, 

Pefy’d theforky Lightning from afar: 

At fifty Mouths his flaming Breath expires. 

And Flafh for Flafh returns, and Fires for Fires; 

In his Right-hand as many Swords he wields, 

' And takes the Thunder on as many Shields. 

h flomeri Ilias i. c Callimachus in Lavacr, Deli. 
c Virgil, /Bncid. 6. 

Tityus 



2.66 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

T'ityus was the Son of a Jupiter and Elara y born in a 
fubterraneous Cave, in which Jupiter hid his Mother, 
fearing the Anger of Juno* She brought forth a Child' 
of fo prodigious a Bulk, that the Earth was rent that he 
might have a Paflage out of the Cave; and from thence 
he was believed to be the Son of the Earth . Juno after¬ 
wards perfuaded this Giant to accufe Latona of Adul¬ 
tery, whereupon Jupiter ftruck him with Thunder 
down into Hell; b and there he lies ftretched out, and 
covers nine Acres of Ground with his Body : A Vul¬ 
ture continually gnaws his Liver, which grows again 
©very Month. 

To thefe we might -add the Titans^ c the Sons of Ter¬ 
ra and Ccelum ; the Chief of whom was Titanus> Sa¬ 
turn's el deft Brother, who made War againft Jupiter , 
becaufe Jupiter ufurped the Kingdom, which was due 
to him by hereditary Right. In this War "Titanus and 
his Party were beaten, and afterwards caft down into 
Hell. 


a Apoh i. 

b Necnon & Tityum Term? omniparentis atumnnm 
Cerncre erat; cut lota newm per j tiger a corpus 
porrigitur, roftroq\ immanis •njultur act unco . 

1 mm artale je cur twidens, fceetindaque pears 

Vifcera y rimaturq\ epulis , habit at q\ fub alio 

Peftore 9 nec fibres requies datur u/la renatis . Virg, ELn. 6 ; 

There Tityus tortur'd lay, who took his Birth 

From Heav’n, his Nurfing from the fruitful Earth; 

Here his gigantic Limbs, with large Embrace, 

Infold nine Acres of infernal Space: 

A rav’nous Vulture in his open Side 
Her crooked Beak, and cruel Talons try’d; 

Still for the growing Liver digged his Bread, 

The growing Liver dill fupply’d the Fend: 
gtill are the Entrails fruitful to their Pains, 

Th 5 immortal Hunger lads, tip immortal Food remains, 

£ PEfchyl, in Promctheo, 


SEC L 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


267 

if 


SECT. III. Other famous Offenders. 

fflllegyas, King of the Lap it ha in Thejfalia , was the 
l Father of the Nymph Coronis ; when he heard that 
Jpollo had debauched his Daughter, he went in Anger* 
and fired the Temple of SIpollo at Delphi ; for which 
the enraged God fhot him through the Body with am 
Arrow, and inflicted on him the following Punifh- 
ment: A great Stone hangs over his Fieac), which he 
imagines every Moment will fall down and crufh him 
to Pieces: Thus he fits perpetually feaiing what will 
never come to pafs ; which makes him frequently cail 
out to Men * £0 obferve the Rules of Juftice and the 
Precepts of Religion. 

Ixion was the Son of this Phlegyas ; he killed his own. 
Sifter, and obtained his Pardon from the Gods, who ad¬ 
vanced him to Heaven : Kis Profpcrity made him wan¬ 
ton, fo that he attempted to violate the Chaflity of Ju¬ 
no, This infolent Attempt was difeovered to "Jupiter * 
who fent a Cloud in the Shape of Juno, which the de¬ 
ceived Lover embraced, and from thence thofc MonOera 
the Centaurs were horn: Hereupon he was thrown down 
to the Earth again ; where becaufe he boafted every¬ 
where that he had familiarly known the Queen cf tbit 
Gods , he was flruck with Thunder down into flel), and 
tied faft to a Wheel, which turns about continually. 

Salmoneus was Kins:; of Elis : His Ambition was not- 

Cp _ ” 

fatisfied with an earihly Crown, for he dehred Divine- 
Honours; and, that the People might efteem him ^ 
God, he built a brazen Bridge over to the City, and 
drove his Chariot over it, imitating, by this Noife, Ju¬ 
piter’s Thunder. He threw down lighted Torches, and 
thofe who were flruck by them were taken and killed. 


Difcitej'ljiltiam mcniii, Cf. non ten:nr.re Dt-vos, Virg\ I£n. 6. 

Learn juftice hence, and don’t defpife the Gods. 




268 Of the Gods f the Heathens, 

Jupiter would not fuffer fo great Infolence, therefore 
ihreiv the proud Man from his Stage headlong into Hell, 
where /Eneas, b when he vifited the Infernal Regions’ 
faw him punifhed, as Virgil relates. 

Sifyphus was a famous Robber, killed by The Jew; 
C He is condemned to Hell, to roll J a great and unweildy 
Stone to the Top of an high Hill, and, as oft as the 
Stone almoft touches the Top of the Mountain, it Hides 


down again.. 

The Betides were fifty Virgin-Sitters, fo called from 
their Grandfather Belus> named alfo Danaides\ from 
fcheir Father Danaus , who married them to the fifty Sons 
of his Brother. The Oracle foretold, that X>^^jfliould 
he fiain by his Son-in-Law ; wherefore he commanded 
his Daughters to provide Daggers, and on their Wed^ 
dins Night to kill their Hufbands. All the Daughters 
performed their Promifes, and killed their Hufbands; 
but Hypermnejlra fpar edLymeus, her Hufband, who af¬ 
terwards killed Do?iaus , and took his Kingdom. This 
<*reat Impiety was thus punifhed ; c they were condemn¬ 
ed to draw Water out of a deep Well, and fill a Tub 
that (like a Sieve) is full of Holes : The Water runs 
out of the Tub as faft as it is put in, fo that they are 
tormented with an unprofitable Labour without End. 

Tantalus is another remarkable Criminal. He was 
the f Son of 'Jupiter by the Nymph Plata. He invited 


! 



o Fiji crudcles danter/p Sal?none a feenas , 

p um -jlammas Jew & Jonitus imitatur OlympL JBw. 6 . 

Salmoncus fuffering cruel Pains I found 

For emulating Jove ; the rattling Sound 

Of mimic Thunder, and the glitt’ring Blaze 

Of pointed Lightnings, and their forked Rays. 

c Hefiod. Argon. d In gens & non exfuperabile faxum. Virg* 

c A [fid uas rebel unt quas perdunt Betides undas . 

M sis Ovid. Met< L 4# 


They hourly fetch the Wat*er that they fpill. 
f iiufeb. Prcep. Evang. 

2 , 






Of the Gods of the Heathens . 269 

all the Gods to a Feaft, to get a plain and clear Proof 
of their Divinity : When they came, he killed and 
quartered his own Son Pelops , and boiled him, and fet 
the Joints before them to eat. All the Gods abftained 
from fuch horrid Diet, except Ceres , who ate one of 
the Child’s Shoulders. Afterwards the Gods fent Mer¬ 
cury to recall him to Life, and gave him an Ivory Shoul¬ 
der inftead of the Shoulder which Ceres had eaten. a 
This Pelops was the Hufband of Hippodamici , of whom 
Jtretts and Thyejles were born ; the latter whereof was 
banifhed, becaufe he corrupted his Brother AtreuP s 
Wife; and, when he was recalled from Banifhmen% 
he ate up thofe Children that he had by her; for Atreus 
Filled them, and brought them in Difhes to the Table-, 
where he and Thyejles dined together. It is faid, that 
the Sun was not able to endure fo horrible a Sight, but 
turned his Courfe back again to the Eaft. But as Tcin- 
tahAs Crime was greater, fo was his Punifhment; h for 
he is tormented with eternal Hunger and Thirft in the 
Midft of Plenty both of Meat and Drink: He {lands in 
Water up to his Lips, but cannot drink it; and Meat 
is placed juft to his Mouth, which he cannot take hold 
of. c Ovid mentions the Punifhment of Tantalus , but 
affigns another Reafon for it, namely, becaufe hedivul- 
ged the Secrets of the Gods to Men- But this was but 
Part of his Punifhment, for d over his Head hangs a 
weighty Stone, which he, with Horror and Dread, ex¬ 
perts fhould fall on him, and dafh out his Brains, every 
Moment. 

2 Pindar, in Olymp. h Homer. OdyfL 

c Quczrit aquas in aquis, & poma fugacia capiat 
Tantalus , hoc iHigarrula lingua dedit . 

Half drown’d he thirds, the dangling Apples fwing 
From’s gaping Chaps: This comes of Prattling. 
ri Jrlunc fuper atrci Jilcx , jam jam lapjura cadcnti 

Immhu'.t ajjhnilis, -— ■—— Virg. 2En. 6. 

--- a mafiy Stone, 

Ready to drop, hangs o’er his curfed Head. 


i 


Now 



270 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


Now this Fable of Tantalus reprefents the Condition 
of a Mifer, who, in the Midft of Plenty, fnjfers Want, 
and wants as much the Things which he has, as thofc 
which he has not; as Horace rightly fays, a where he 
applies this Fable of Tantalus to the real Wants of the 

covetous Man. 


n Tantalus a labns Jttiens fugientia captat 
Fhtmina . Quid rides? mutato nomine, do tc 
Falula narratur . (Serin. 1. I,) 

Tho’ Tantalus, you’ve heard, does ftand Chin deep 

In Water, yet he cannot get a Sip - 

At which you fmile: Now all on*t would he true. 

Were the Name chang’d, and the Tale told of you. 


C H A P. XL 

Monfters of HelL 

^HERE are many ftrange Pictures of tbefe in- 
JL fernal Monfters, but the raoft deformed are the 
Gentaurs , who were the ancient Inhabitants of TbcJJalia* 
trnd the firft who tamed Horfes, and ufed them in War. 
Their Neighbours, who firft faw them on Horfe-back, 
thought, that they had partly the Members of a Man, 
and partly the Limbs of an Horfe. But the Poets tell 
us another Story ; for they fay that Ixton begat them of 
a Cloud, which he believed to be Juno, from whence 
they are called Thtbige?i<£, in Virgil , /En. 6. and Bac~ 

thus is faid to have overcome them. 

Geryon , bccaufe he was King of the three Iflands 
which are called Balearidcs , b is feigned to have three 
Bodies: Or, it may be, becaufe there were three Bro- 

b Tricorporem Sc tergemiiuun fuifie. 

* thers 





fhers of the fame Name, whofe Minds and AfFecliong 
were fo united, that they feemed to be governed and to 
Jive by one SouL 'They add, that Geryon kept Oxen, 
which devoured the Strangers that came to him : They 
were guarded by a Dog with two Heads, and a Dra¬ 
gon with feven. Hercules killed the Guards, and drove 
the Oxen afterwards away. 

The Harpyes are fo called u from their Rapacity: 
They were born of Oceanus and "Terra , with the Faces of 
Virgins, and the Bodies of Birds ; their Hands were 
armed with Claws, and their Habitation was in the 
Hands. Their Names were Aello, Ocyfcte , and Cek/zo ; 
which laft brought forth Z cphyras (the IVejl Wind) and 
Boli us , and Xanthus , the Horfes of Achilles „ Virgil gives 
us an b elegant Defcription of thefe three Sifters. 

To the three Harpyes add the three Gorgons , Me- 
dufa , Stheno , and Euryale , who were the Daughters of 
Pbcrcusznd Cete. Inftead of Hair, their Heads were 
covered with Vipers , which fo terrified the Beholder, 
that they turned him prefently into a Stone. Perhaps 
they intended to reprefent, by this Part of the Fable, the 

:l Ab degnctZtdj rapio. 

h At fubiib horrifico lapfu dc montzius ctdfunt 
Harpy w ; & mcignis quatinnt cla/zgorib/is alas • 

Save Dees, feu J'unt Diree , obfeesna/que <volacres. 

Trijlius hand ill is ?no//Jlrum ejl , nee Jdasior ullcz 
Pejlis & ira De fan Stygiis fefe extulit undis. 

Virghici ajolucnan ' vnltus , fcsdijfima ajentris 
Prolunjics, nncay; /nanus, £5 pallida Jhnper 

Ore fawe. ■——• --• ./Eneid. 3, 

When from the Mountain-tops, with hideous Cry 
And clattering Wings, the filthy Harpyes fly; 

Mongers more fierce oFended Heaven ne’er fent. 

From Hell’s Abyfs, for Human Punifhment, 

With Virgin Faces, but with Wombs obfcenc ; J 
Foul Paunches, and with Ordure Hill unclean ; C 
With Claws for Hands, and Looks for ever lean* % 

Virg. ALneid. 3 . 

extra-' 


2 J 2 , Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

extraordinary Beauty of thefe Sifters, which was fucfj 
that whofoever faw them were amazed, and ftood im¬ 
moveable like Stodes. There were other Gargons be- 
tides, born of the fame Parents, who were caljed La* 

or Emfitfa: a They had only one Eye, and one 
Tooth, common to them all: They kept this Tooth 
and Eye at Home in a little Veflel, and, which foever 
of them went abroad, fhe ufed them. b They had the 
Paces of Women, and alfo the Necks and Breads; but 
below they were covered with Scales., and had the Tails 
of Serpents. They ufed to entice Men, and then de¬ 
vour them. Their Breafts were naked, and their Bo- 
forns were open. They looked on the Ground as it 
were out of Modefty. Thus they tempted Men to 
difeourfe with them, and when they came near, thefe 
Lam'uz ufed to fly in their Faces, and ftrangle them, and 
tear therrvto Pieces barbaroufly. And what more plain¬ 
ly expreltes the devilifh Arts.of wicked Women, againft 
whom the Scriptures caution us in thefe Words, c Tk 
Sea monflers draw out the Breafts they give fuck ? Others 
only mentioned one Lamia , who was a moft beautiful 
Woman ; Jupiter debauched her, and Juno , through 
Jealoufy, deprived her of the Children that (he bore. 
She became diftra£ted with Grief, and devoured other 


People’s Children in their Cradles. 

The Chi mar a d is a Monfter, c which vomiteth forth 
Fire; he hath the Head and Breafl: of a Lion, the 
Belly of a Goat, and the Tail of a Dragon, as it is 
exprefied f in a known Verfe, and deferibed by s Ovid 

• • A Vul- 




i 


h 

i 

» 


a iEfchyl. in Prometh. b Dion. Hilt. Libya?. c Lamix 
nudaverunt mammam, Lamentat. iv. 3. ll Dures, 1 . 2. 
Rerum Libycarum. c Horn. Iliad. | f Hefiod. in Theog, 
Z.Prima Leo, pojirema Draco, media inde Cape!la. 

A Lion’s Plead and Breafl referable his. 

His Waift a Goat’s, his Tail a Dragon’s is. 

h dhjoque Chimrera jugo, mod ns in partitas Lhrcnm, 

Pc Ctn* T ora Lore, can dam Dr aeon is Label at. 

And 



I 

p 


'3 

(i 




1 



« 



A Vulcano in Lycia occafioned this Fable; for in the 
Top of the Mountain were Lions* in the Middle 
/where was Paftqre) Goats lived, and the Bottom of 
jt abounded with Serpents. a Bellercphon made this 
Mountain habitable* and is faid therefore to have killed 

C.hlmp.YQ- 


■ The Monfter Sphinx was begotten b of Typhon and 
Echidna. She had the Head and Face of a young Wo¬ 
man, the Wings of a Bird, and the Body and Feet of a 
Dog. She lived in the Mountain Sphincius , affaulted 
all PafTengers, and infefted the Country about Thebes 5 
infomuch that the Oracle of Apollo was confuked Con¬ 
cerning her, and Anfwer was made. That, unlefs fome 
body did refolve the Riddle of Sphinx , there would be no 
bid of that great Evil. Many endeavoured to explain 
it, but were overcome, and torn in Pieces by the Mon¬ 
ger. Creon , at that Time, was King of Thebes , who 
publifhed an Edidt through all Greece , in which if any 
one could explain the Riddle of Sphinx , he promifed* 
that he would give him to Wife his own Sifter JocaJla : 
The Riddle was this : c JVhat Animal is that 'which goes 
upon four Feet in the Morning , upon two at Noon , and upon 
three at Night P Oedipus , encouraged with the Hopes 
of the Reward, undertook it, and happily explained it ; 
fo that the Sphinx was enraged, and caft herfelf headlong 
from a Rock, and died. He faid, that that Animal was 
a Man , who* in his Infancy, creeps upon his Hands 
and Feet* and lo may be faid to go on four Lect ; 
when he grows up, he walks on tivo Feet % but, when 
he grows old, he ufes the Support of a Staff, and fo may 
be laid to walk on three Feet . 


«■-And o’er the craggy Top 

Chimera dwells, with Lion’s Face and Mane, 

A Goat’s rough Body, and a Dragon’s Train. 
a Panfan. in Corinth. b Vide Natal. Com. c : Quidiiam 
animal mane quadrupes, meridie h pes, \eiperl tripes effet? 

T This 



274 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

This Oedipus was the Son of Lams , a King of Thcki: 
Soon after his Birth Lotus commanded a Soldier to car¬ 
ry his Son Oedipus into a Wood, and then deftroyhim, 
becaufe it had been foretold by the Oracle, that he 
fhould be killed by his own Son : But the Soldier was 
moved with Pity towards the Child, and afraid to im¬ 
brue his Hands'in Royal Blood; wherefore he pierced 
his Feet with a Hook, and hanged him upon a Tree to 
be killed with Hunger. One of the Shepherds of Po/y- 
lius. King of Corinth, found him, and brought him to 
the Queen, who, becaufe Che had no Children, educa- 
ted him as her own Son, and from b bis fwollen Feet cal- 
led him Oedipus. This Oedipus, when he came to Age, 
knew that King Polybius was not his Father, and there¬ 
fore refolved to find out his Parents; confuting the 
Oracle, he was told that he fhould meet his Father 
in Phocis. In his Journey he met fome Paffengers, a- 
mong whom was his Father, but he knew him not; a 
Quarrel arofe, and, in the Fray, he, by Chance, killed 
his Father. After this, he proceeded on his Journey, 
and arrived at Thebes, where he overcame Sphinx, and 
for his Reward married JocaJla, whom he knew not to 
be his Mother then, but discovered it afterwards. He 
had by her two Sons, Eteocles and Polynices , and two 
Daughters, Antigone and Ifmena. c When afterwards 
he found, by clear Proof, that he had killed his Father, 
and married his .Mother, he was feized with Co great 
Madnefs, that he pulled out his own Eyes, and had 
killed himfelf, if his Daughter Antigone (who led him 
about after he was blind) had not hindered him. 

Eteocles and Polynices, the Sons of Oedipus and JocaJla, 
d fucceeded their Father in the Government: They a- 
p-reed to reign a Year a-piece in their Turns. Eteocles 
reigned the firft Year, and then refufed to admit his 

a stat. i. Theb. Plutarch. JEIiaiu & alii. h Puerum CE- 

dipum vocavit a tumore pedum, ol&eo enim tumeo w; 
pedem fignificat. c Senecas CEdip. d Stat. Theb^ 


■j 

! 

1 

? 

V 

» 

J 



Jjrother Poly nice $ to the Throne: Whereupon a War 
arofe, and the two Brothers, in a Duel, killed each 
other. Their Enmity lafted longer than their Lives ; 
for when their Bodies were placed on the fame Pile to 
be burnt by the fame Fire, the Flames refufed to unite., 
but divided themfelves into two Parts* 


CHAP. XIL 

The E h y s i u m* 

rpHERE is a Place in the infernal Dominions a** 
JL bounding with Pleafures and Delights, which is 
called the Elyfium ; a becaufe thither the Souls of the Good 
come , after they are loofed from the Chains of the Body s 
when they have been purged from the light Offences 
that they, had contradled in this World. b JEneas re¬ 
ceived this Account from one of the Inhabitants of it, as 
Virgil tells us, c who defcribes this Place as abounding 

a ’A?to t a folutione; quod Animse piorum cor- 
poreis folutx vinculis, loca ilia petant poiiquam purgatsc 
i i’unt a levioribus noxis quas contraxerant. 

b f uos p&timur manes ; ex hide per amplunz 

Mittvnur Elyjlum , & pauci Iceta arnja tencmus. 

Ail have their Manes , and thofe Manes bear: 

The few, who’re cleans’d, to thofe Abodes repair, 

And breathe in ample Fields the foft Elyjlan Air. 
c Devon ere locos lest os, & avi&na vircta 
Fort tin at or tan nemorum fedefqne beat as : 

Largior hie campos tether quoq ; lumina v eft it 
Fur pureo , folemque fuum fua Jidera norunt, 

Thefe holy Rites perform’d, they took their Way 
Where long extended Plains of Pleafure lay. 

The verdant Fields with thofe of Heav’n may vie. 

With JEtber veiled, and a- Purple Sky : 

The blifsful Seats of happy Souls below. 

Stars of their own, and their own Sun they know. 

T 2, with 



276 


Of the Gods of the 


with all the Delights that the molt pleaiant flams, the 
moil verdant Fields, the fhadieft Groves, and the finelt 
and moil temperate Air can produce. 



I 

1 

? 


CHAP. XIII. i 

4 

5T 'he River Leth e. ! 

r 

• w % 

J 

T HERE is a River in Hell called Lethe, a from ■ 

the Forgetfulnefs it caufes. For if any body 
drinks this Water, he immediately forgets all Things 
• So that when the Souls of the Pious have (pent 
many A<res in the Ely ft an Fields, b they drink the Water 
of Lethe, and are believed to pafs into new Todies, and 
return into the World again : And it is neceilary that they 
forget, both the Pleafures that they have received in 
Ekftum, and the Miferies that they did heretofore endure 
in this Life, that they may willingly return into this rm- 
ferable Life again. Thefe Souls went out from Ely [mm 
bv that Ivory Gate, which you fee painted in the lower 
Part of this Wall; and, if you pleafe, we will go through 
this Gate, and leave thefe infernal Regions, to view more 
beautiful, though not lefs ridiculous. Images of the other 

Qods. 



- ’Atto t 5« ah oblivione. 

fc -. AnhncS qi.ibus altera fato . t 

Corpora debent nr. Lethal adf.utHinis undant 
Secures latices tv longa obli'via pot Ant. 

— - Souls that by Fate W . . 

Are doom’d to take new Shapes, at Lethe s Brink 
Quaff Draughts fecure, and long Oolivion drink 



PART 






C H A P. L 
T.he Penates, 

O W, Pal&ophilust let -us view the fifth 
Divifion of this Fabulous Pantheon , iri 
which the hiferior or .fuhordinate Gods are 
contained : The 'Latins generally called 
them DU Minorum Gentium* and fome-* 
times S e moves ^ Minnti , Plebeii , and Pa- 
tdlarii. They are painted without Confufion, in very 
good Order, and very diftindtly. If we confider how 
infinite the Number of them was 9 . it is plain-, that the 
Remans had almofi: as many Gods as there are Things* 
And, indeed, how great are the Number of Gods who 
prefide over i neon fiderable Things, fince there are three 
Gods to keep one Door ! Firft, the God For cuius looks 
after the Door, the Goddefs Cardua after the Hinges, and 
Limentius after the Threlhold. I fhall only briefly fpeak 

T 3 of 






2yS Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

of thofe, who affift, or any ways preferve Men from 
their Birth to their Death. 

The Penates are io called from the Latin Word jfV 
mis*, which Word, a Tally fays, includes every Thing 
that Men cat. Or elfe they have this Name from the 
Place allotted to them in the Heavens; b becaufe they 
are placed in the moft inward and private Parts of the 
Heavens where they reign: Hence they call them Pe - 
?ietrales , and the Place of their Abode Penetrale . They 
intirely govern us by their Reafon, their Heat, and 
their Spirit, fo that we can neither live, nor ufe our 
Under ftanding c without them, yet we know neither 
the Number nor Names of them. The ancient Hetrujci 
called them Confentes and Complices % fuppofing that 
they are Jupiter's Counfellors, and the Chief of the 
Gods: And many reckon Jupiter himfelf, together 
with Juno and Minerva , among the Penates. But I 
will give you a more'diftin£t and particular Information 
in this Matter. 

There were three Orders of the Dit Penates: r, 
Thofe who governed d Kingdoms and Provinces, and 
were abfoUilely and folely called Penates. 2. Thofe 
who prefided over Cities only, and thefe were called 
the Gods of the Country , or the great Gods ; Mneas makes 
mention of them in c Virgil. 3. Thofe who prefided 
over particular Houfes and Families, and thefe were 
called the f fmattGods. The Poets makqfrequent Men¬ 
tion of them, efpecially Virgil , who, in one Place, men¬ 
tions Fifty Servant-maids, whole Bufinefs it was to 

a Eft enim penus omne quo vefcuntur homines, c. z. de 
Nat. b Quod penitus infideant, ex quo Penetrales aPoetis 
vocantur. Sc locus in quo fervabantur eorum effigies Penetrale 
<ii£tus. Varro ap. Arnob. I.-3. c Virg. JEn , 1.5, 
patriiSsol IVlacrob- 3* Saturn. Plut. 4. bymp. I» 

c Tit-t Genii or 9 cape facret ?ncumpatriojque Penates . 

Our Country-Gods, theReb.ques and the Bands, 
Hold you, my Father, in your guiltlefs Hands. 

• Parvicue Penates, Virg. yEn, 8. 




Of the Gods of the Heathens • 



look after their Affairs, and to offer Sacrifices to theHouf- 
hold Gods: And in a another Place he lpeaks of thefe 
Houfliold Gods being ftained and defiled by the Blood 
of one that was killed by his Brother. But it muft 
likewife be obferved, that, amongft the Latins , the 
Word Penates not only fignifies the Gods, of which we 
have been fpeaking, but likewife fignifies a j Dwelling- 
Houfe? of which we have Inftances in many Authors* 
and among the reft, in b Virgil , c Tally, and d Fabius . 

c Trniaus, and from him Dionyfius , fays. That thefe 
Penates, had no proper Shape or Figure; but were 
> wooden or brazen Rods, fhaped fomewhat like Tfum- 
| pets. But it is alfo thought, by others, that they had 
• the Shape of young Men with Spears, which they held 
I apart from one another. 


' a Flammas adolere Penates, x. b Sparfos fra- 

1 ternacsede Penates, JEn . 4. c Noftris fuccede penatibus 

hofpes. d Exterminare aliquem a fuis Diis Penatibus. 
Pro Sexto. c Liberos pellere do mo, ac prohibere Penati- 
\ bus. Dec. 260. 8. Lib. x. 

1 


C HAP. II. 

> 

The Lares. 

t 

f 

T H E Lares were Children bom from the ftolen 
Embraces of Mercury and the Nymph Lara ; for 
iwhen, by her Prating, fhe had difeovered fome o 
| fiter 9 s Amours, he was fo enraged that he cut out her 
j Tongue, and banifhed her to the Stygian Lake. Mer~ 

| cury, who was appointed to condudt her thither, ravifh- 
I edher upon the Road. f She grew big with Child, and 

i 

t jy- _ _ - j ■ __ r * % in r-rm r m m ■ 

| { Fitque gratis, Gemino/qne parit qui compita fer*vcmt % 

| Et vigilant nojlra fern per in <zde Lares . Ovid. Fait, 1 , 2, 

j Her Twins the Lares call’d. ’Pis by their Care 
j On* Hordes, Roads, and Streets in Safety are. 

| T 4 i.n 

i 



200 


Of the Gods of the ■Heathens 



V. 




in clue Time brought forth Twins, and named them 
Lares . 

They were made Do?ncJUck Gods , and accordingly 
preffded over a Houfes, Streets, and Ways, On this 
Account they were worfhipped b in the Roads and open 
Streets, called, in Latin , Compita , from whence the 
Games celebrated in their Honour were called c Com pi. 
tali fit , Compitalitia , and fome times Compitalia . When 
thefe Sports were excrcifed, rl the Images of Men and 
Women, made of Wool, were hung in the Streets; 
and l*o many Balls made of Wool as there were Ser¬ 
vants in the Family, and fo many co'mpleat Images 
as there were Children. The Meaning of which Cuf- 
tom was this : ThefeFeaffs were dedicated to the Lam, 
who were eftcemed Infernal Gods j the People defiring 
hereby that thefe Gods would be contented with thefe 
woollen Images, and fpare the Perfons reprefented by 
them. The Roman Youths ufed to wear a golden Or¬ 
nament, called Bulla , about their Necks; it was 
made in the Shape of an Heart, and hollow within, 
This they wore till they were fourteen Years of Age, 
and then they put it off, and, hanging it up, con fee ra- 
ted it to the Lares , as we learn from e . Perjtus . Thefe 
Lares fometimes f were cloathed in the Skins of Dogs, 
and were s fometimes fafhioned in the Shape of Dogs; 
whence that Creature was confecrated to them. 

The Places in which the Lares were worlhippcd was | 
called Lararium ; and in the Sacrifices offered to them,' 
the firff Fruits of the Year, Jl Wine and Incenfe were 
brought to their Altars, and their Images adorned with 


2 Martial. 1 - 3. Epigr. 57. b Arnob. 2. * Varro de Re 

ruftica ; & 5 . de Ling. Lat. d Feftus apud Lil. Gyr. 
c Bull ague fucetv&ts Lartbus donata ptpendit . 

When fourteen Years are paft> the Bulla s laid 
A fide, an Offering to the Lares made. 
f Plutarch, in Prob. « Plautus. h Tibullus, 1.i< 

in prol. Aul. 

A c .ha*!- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 28 x 

Chaplets and Garlands. a The Beginning of which 
Worfhip came from hence, that anciently the Dead , 
b who were buried at home, were worfhipped as Gods, 
and called Lares . And befides, we find in c Piiny , that 
they facrificed, with Wine and Incenfe, to the Images 
of the Emperors, while they yet lived. 

:i Jurenah Sat. 9. 12. b Arnob. 5. ex Var. c Epiflol. 
1. 10. 


CHAP. III. 

SECT. I. 'The Genii. Their Names* 

A LTHOUGH the Genii and the Lares fometinics 
Jl\. mean the fame Deities, yet by Genius is commonly 
meant that Spirit of Nature which begets all Things, from 
which d generative Power it has its Name ; or elfe it is fo 
called, becaufe it aftifts all Generations; orlaftly,becanfe 
it protedfs and defends us when we are begotten. The 
Birth-Day, and the Marriage-Bed, had the Name 0 Ge¬ 
nial from him; which Name f was likewife given all 
Days wherein Mirth, Pleafure, and Joys did abound. 
And on the fame Account thofe who live merrily, 
who deny themfelves nothing that makes for their Eafc 
and Pleafure, or that is grateful to their Appetite, who 
entirely follow the Didlates of their fenfual Defires, arc 
faid to live a ge?iial Life , or/0 indulge their Genius . 

The Greeks called thefe Genii Da?jions , as it is 
thought, from the s Terror and Dread they create in 
thofe to whom they appear; or, as it is more probable. 


<l -A gignendo feu genendo, nam geno pro gigno olim dice- 
batur. Aug. 7. de Uivitate Dei. Cicero 2. de Oratore, Sc 2. 
de Inventione. c Cenforin. de Die Nat. 3. f If dor. 8. 
Etymol. c. ult. e Da^mones dicuntur « caipaUv exterreo, 
aut pave facie, Eufebius. 


from 


282 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 

3 from the prudent and wife Anfwers which they gave 
when they were eonfulted as' Oracles. b Hence feme 
think, that illuftrious Men* whofe Actions in this Life 
gain them univerfal Praife and Applaufe, do after their 
Deaths become Daemons, by which Daemons is to be 

nnderftood, c as Plutarch fays. Beings of a middle Kind 
of a greater Dignity than Man* but of a Nature inferior 
to the Gods.- 

a Vel quzfi cwpov's, id ell, periti rerumqoe prasfeii, nam 
.xefponfa dabant confulentibua. Ifidor. S. EtymoL b So- 
crates ex Hef. ap. Plat. ibid. c Lib. de Orat. 


SECT. II. Their In?ages. 

,/^HE Images of the Genii refcmbled for the moil 
JL Part the Form d of a Serpent , according to c Per- 
ftus , and his Commentators. Sometimes alfo they were 
deferibed like a Boy, or a Girl, or an old Man ; and 
crowned with the Leaves of the Plaine-Tree> f which 
was. a Tree- facred to the Genii. 

d Statu Tlieb. 

e Ping? duos argues; Pueri , facer eft lacus > extra 
Wleieie .- 

Paint here two Snakes ; let no Youth dare 
Defile with Pifs thole Walls that facred are. 

Vide la Cerda? Commentar. in .ZEneid. f Piatanus pu* 

tabator arbor genial is. 

» • 

SECT. III. Sacrifices offered to the Genii. 

W INE and Flowers were offered up in the Sacri¬ 
fices to the Genii , and that efpecially by People 

on their Birth-Days, as we may learn from g Perftus and 

% 

% _ 

£ F unde me rum Genio .-- 

To Genius confecrate a chearful Glafi, 

Horace * 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 



5 }J 0 race. To thefe Flowers and Wine they added 
Incenfe, parched Bread, and Corn ftrewed with Salt, 
b Sometimes alfo a Swine was facrificed i though Ctnfo - 
rhms writes, that it was not ufual to facrifice to the 
Genii with the Blood and Slaughter of any Thing, 
fmee we ought not to take Life from other Creatures 
on that Day on which we received it. 



n _— —— - pi a bant 

ploribus y vino Genium mtmorem brevis sevi. 

Cumfociis operum & pueris & conjuge fid a. 

Their Wives, their Neighbours, and their prattling Boys, 
Were call’d 5 all tailed of their fportive joys: 

They drank, they danc’d, they fung, made wanton Sport, 
Enjoy’d themfeves, for Life they knew was (hort. 

Flora f. Epifl. 2. it, 

b Pint, in Aul. Palceph. Eel. 5. Hor. 3. Carm. 


SECT. IV. V heir Offices. 

T HE Genii were appointed the continual Guardi¬ 
ans, Overfeers, d and fafe Keepers of the Men (as 
* the Womens’ Guardians and Prote£lors were called 
Junones) from their Cradles to their Graves. They 
likewife carried the Prayers of Men to the Gods, and 
interceded for them. Whence fome call them Free* 
Jlites , or chief Governors, f becaufe they are Jet over the 
Management of all 'Things. 

To every Perfon 2 were afligned two Genii , a Bonus 
Genius, and a Malus Genius: h Horace calls them a. 
white and a black one. We were told by 5 Valerius 
Maximus that when Gaffi.us fled to Athens , after Antony 
was beaten at Aftium? there appeared to him a Man 

d Arrian, in Epiftet. c Polit. Mifcell. c. 99. f Quod 
praTint gerund is omnibus. Martianus 2. deNupt. £ Piut, 

de Ifide & Ofir. h Genium Album & Nigrum. Horat. 2. 
Epift, 1 Interrogates quifnam effet refpondit fe efle tcuw 
faipwet. Val. Max. L :.c. 7. 


of 


20 4 


Of the Gods of the Heathens 


with long Hair, and a naily Beard. . CaJJius alked him 
who he was ? And the Apparition anfwered, I am jour 
£Vil Genius. Virgil is thought, by his a Commentator 
Seruius , to mean thefe two Genii, by the Word Manes s 
Of thefe two Genii, the good One, which is given to 
every one at his Birth, conftantly incites him to the 
Practice of Virtue and Goodnefs ; whereas the bad One 
prompts him to all Manner of Vice and Wickednefs. 

Nor were thefe Genii afTigned to Men only: for 
Several Countries had their Genius , who therefore were 
called the b Deities of the Place . Nay, c Genii were al¬ 
lotted to all Houfes, and Doors, and Stables, and 
Hearths : And becaufe the Hearths were ufually co¬ 
vered with Slates , therefore the God of the Hearths was 
called Later anus : But of thefe enough. Let us now 
oroceed to the other inferior Deities. 


j. 

ft 


i 


a Qmfque fucs patimur manes, vug- yfcn. 6 

srium in loc. b Aomen loci. Virg. JEn. 7. 
Symm. Laterculis extrui foci folcbant. Lil. Synt. 


Vide Ser- 
c Prud. in 


1 





c n a p, iv. 

* 

<fhe Nuptial Gods and Goddejfes . 

• • * 
j i * 

XVE Deities were fo abfolutely neccflary to nil ; 
Marriages, that none could lawfully be folern- . 
zed without them- • They were a Jupiter per]eths 
feu a didi us, Juno per fed! a feu-adult a, ^ Venus , Suada, and 
Diana: Befides which, feveral inferior Gods and . 
God defies were worfhipped at all Marriages. 


Man and the Woman 


in th 


Matrimonj 



< ? * Minorca Sc PJebeii Dii 
Aug. de Civic. 4. 


c A jugo matrimonii di&us. 

Vom- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 285 

Domidttcus* guided the Bride into the Bridegroom’s 

ftioufe. • ’ 

Domitlus was worlhipped, that the Bride might be b 
]cept*at Home, to look after the Affairs of the Family. 

Mantunui was worlhipped, that the Wife might 
never leave her Hufband, but in all Conditions of Life 
c abide with him. 

Then the Goddefs Virginenjis , and alfo the Goddefs 
Cinxla Juno , d was invoked when the Virgin’s Girdle 

was unloofed. 

Priapus , or Mutenus , was alfo reckoned one of the 
Nuptial Gods, becaufe in his filthy Lap the Bride was 
commanded to fit, according to a very religious and 
modifh Cuftom, forfooth ! 

Per cun da ^ * or Parcuncla y was alfo worfhipped : St. 
JlugiiJlin , mentioning her, advifes us to c /pare the 
Uodefiy of Human Nature . 

f Piriplaca reconciles Hufbands to their Wives. A 
Temple at Rome was dedicated to her, whither the 
monied Couple ufually repaired when any Quarrel 
arofe between them; and there opening their Minds 
freely to each other, without Paffion, they laid alide all 
Anger, axrd returned Home together friendly. 

The Goddefs Matuta , s according to the Opinion of 
fome, was the Daughter of Cachnus , whom the Greeks 
cull Lcucothea , or Ino. h The Maid-Servants were not 
fuffered to come within her Temple; but the married 
Women admitted, one of them, and afterwards buffeted 
her. Mothers prayed to this Goddefs to fend Bieflings 
on their Sijler\ Children, but never prayed to her for 
their own : And therefore while they were prefent at 
her Sacrifices, they carried not their own, but their 
Sifter’s Children in their Arms. 

a Quod fponfam in fponft domum daceret. Idem ibid. $e 
I. 9. c. 9. h Ut fponfam domi teneret. c Ut cum maritu 
Temper maneret. d Augutl. ibid. e CJt parcatur humaiue 
verecundi^e ibid. . f A placando Viro. Val. Max. 1 . z. c. x. 
1 Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. h Flat, in Camille, Sc Quceil. Roiri. r. 

The 


♦ 



286 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The Goddefs Mena prefided over the Womens* 
Monthly Courfes ; and was the fame with the b Moon 
And c Febrna was employed in the fame Affair* 
was fo called for the fame Eseafon. * 


A Menftruis. b Etiam Greece Luna dicitur. c ^ 
februo, id eft, purge. 


CHAP. V. 


2 "he Gods prejidtng over IVomen with Child . 



HREE Gods affifted bfg-belly’d Women when 
their Affiftance was afked. 


Pilumnus-was one of the Gods of Children: He was 
fo called.from the Peftle, a which the Ancients pounded 
their Corn with , before they made their Bread, or b be- 
caule he keeps off thofe Misfortunes which attend 
Children. 

Inter cidona was the Goddefs who fir ft taught the Art 
c of cutting Wood with a Hatchet to make Fires. 

Dcverra was worfhipped as a Goddefs, becaufe flic 
invented Brooms, d by which all Things are brulhed 
clean, and thofe Diftempcrs prevented that proceeded 
from Naftinefs. 


The Sylvan Gods*> who were always hurtful to big- 
belly’d Women, were driven away by thofe Deities, 
and the Mifchief they invented was prevented. For, as 
neither the Trees, c fays St. Augujiine , are cut down 
without an Ax , nor Bread made without a Pejile , nor 
Things preferved clean without a Brujh \ fo, fince thofe 
Inftruments are thought Signs of good Houfewifry, it 
was fuppofed, that thcle wild unclean Gods would ne¬ 
ver dare to enter into the Chamber of a breeding Woman. 


- - 

* A pilo. b Quod mala ab infantibus pellit. Servius. 

c Ab intercifione fecuris. d A fcopisquibus verritur, 

Aueuftin. de Civit. Dei, 1. 7 . 

* CHAP. 




CHAP. YL 


cf he Gods and Goddejfes preftding over Women in 

Labour* 


and 

H E S E Goddejfes affifted Women in Travail, 

][ promoted the happy Birth of the Child. 
j un0 Lucina , a whofe Image was thus formed. One 
Hand was empty, and ready, as it were, to receive the 
new-born Babe ; the other Hand held a lighted Torch, 
by which that Light of Life was fignified, which all 

enjoy as foon as they are born. 

Diana ; (though b fome make no Difference between 

her and Lucina.) Timaus fpealcs very hand fome] y, c 
when he relates that Diana's Temple was burnt the 
fame Night in which Alexcinder was born: 4 d It is no 
4 Wonder fhe was abfent from her Houfe, fays he, 
4 w hen her Affiftance was neceflary at the Labour of 
€ Olympias , Alexander s Mother.’ She is called Solvizo- 
m\ for when Women lay in the fir ft Time, they 
loofed their Z ona^ or Girdle , and dedicated it to Diana* 
Egeria is fo called ° from cajiing forth the Birth . 
Profa> or Prorfa , or Pcrrima (who was called alfo 
Pojlverta and Ant evert a) looked after the Birth of the 
Child: f It was in her Power to make the Birth eafy 
and regular, or difficult and prepofterous. 

Man a genet a & prefided alfo over the Infant, both be¬ 
fore and after his Birth. 

Laftly, the Goddefs Laiona , of whom we havefpo- 
ken in' her Place. It was thought that fjie very much 
loved a Dunghill-Cock; becaufe a Cock was p re fen t 


3 Nat. Comes. b Catull. Carm. ad Dian. 12, c Ci¬ 
cero de Nat. Deor. 3 . 1. d Theocr. Idyll. 1 . 17. c A part 11 
egcrendo. f Cell. c. 19. 1 ’Iutarch. Rom, q. 25, % JEli- 

varia HiRoiia. 

wheat 

* 


288 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

. ***<+ 

when fhe brought forth Diana and Apollo \ and from 
thence fome imagine, that the Prefence of a Cock ren¬ 
ders Women’s Labours eafy. 

Nixii Dei , fo called u from Jlrruing , becanfe the Mother 
and the ChildJlruggle at that Dime : T he Mother fina¬ 
gles through Pain, and the Child, that it may come 
into the World. 



a Ab enitendo, quod eniteretar cum mater, turn fcetus, 
Aufon. Idyll. 12. - 




C PI A P. VIL 


Dhe Deities prejtding over Infants at the Dime of 

their Birth and after . 




HESE Deities prefldctl over Children in the. 
Time of their Birth, and afterwards: Janm y 
who opened a the Door of Life to them . 

Opis 9 who b afhfled them when they came into the 
World. ' 


Nafcioj or Natio , a Goddefs fo called from a Latin 
Word, c fignifying to be born. 

Cunia , rf who attends the Cradle, and watches the 
Infants while they lie and deep. 

Carmenta.y c who fings the Deliinies. 

Vagitanns^ or Vaticanus y f who takes care of them 
when they cry. 

Levana 9 5 from lifting them up frotn the Ground, 
h For, when a Child was born, the Midwife conftantly 


a Qui aperiret vita? januam. b Qu^e opem ferret. c A 
nafeendo,. Auguftin. de Civitate, 1 . 4* c. 8. & if. lI 
cunis pneeft. c A canendo. f A vagiendoa s A kvanuo. 
k Var. 2. de vita pop. Rom. 

2 * u»i 



Of the Gods of the Heathens 


289 


kid the Child on the Ground, and the Father, or, in 
}iis Abfence, fomebody appointed by him, lifted it 
from the Ground 5 and from thence t oiler e liber os fig- 
nifies to educate Children . 

Rtwrina , who milks the Bread for the Child. a Ru- 
m is an old Word fignifying a Brcajl . 

Pound* b who gives the Infants Drink. 

Educa* or Edufa , from whom' it receives its c Food. 

OjJibgOy who fattens the tl Bones, and hardens the 

Body. 

Camd) or Carnea , who e keeps the inward Parts fafe. 
To this Goddefs they facrificed,' upon the Kalends of 
. Juno, Bacon, and Cakes made of Beans. Whence 
thofe Kalends were called Fabarice . 

The Goddefs A Tundina was fo called from f the ninth 
1 Day of the Child’s Age, which was the Day of the Pu¬ 
rification: In which the Name was given it, if it was 
a Boy: If it was a Girl, this Ceremony was performed 
on the eighth Day. . 

Statilinus , or St at anus , who teaches Infants g to (land 
. and walk 5 and pre.trves them from falling. 

FabtdinuSy h who looked after them when they began 
to fpeak. 

Paventia was the Goddefs who 1 preferved them from 
• Frights. 


a Auguft. 1. 4. c. 8. b a potando. c ab edendo. d ab 

offibus.. c a carne. Vide Macrob. Saturn. 1 . 1. c. 2. f a 

nono die, qui fuit dies iuflricus. Vide Macrob. Feftum in 

vocelullricus. s a flando. h a fando. 1 ab avertendo pa- 
vore. r 


U 


CHAP. 


290 Qf the Gods of the Heathens . 


<>• 


CHAP. VIII. 

nd GoddeJTes prejiding 








Perfons. 

O UR feveral AClions are fuppofed to be under the 
Protection of divers Gods. 

Juventus , or Juventas , proteCfs us in the Beginning 
of our Youth* a when we have thrown off the ChiU'% 
Coat . 

Agenoria excites Men to b Aftion. 

Strenua encourages us to c behave ourfelves Jlrmt* 
oujly and bravely upon all Occafions. 

Stimula eggs us on to extraordinary Actions. 

Horta is the Goddefs, d who exhorts us to undertake 
noble Enterprizes. Her Temple at Rome flood always 
open : and fome call her Hora . 

ghiies had her Temple without the City; and c was 
fuppofed to be the Donor of Peace and Quietnefs. 
Murcia renders Men f lazy* idle, and dull. 

Adeona and Abcona protects us fo, that we have Power; 
to go in and out in Safety. 

Vibilia brings Wanderers into the Way again. 

Vac unci proteds the Idle and Lazy. 

FeJJonia recreates and refreflies the Weary. 

The Goddefs Meditrina has her Name from s Heal- 
ino*; and her Sacrifices were called Mediirinaba , in 
which they drank new and old Wine inftead of Phy- 
fick. 

The Goddefs Vitula is fo called from b Leaping for 


;1 




I 



a Auguft. 1 . 4. c. 11. b Idem, 1 . 4. c. 16. c Varro lib. ; 
4. de Ling. Lat. d Plut. Qua:ft« Rom. 14. c Aug. 4. iy* 
t murcidos reddit. Idem, ibid. & a medendo. Var. & Pc* : 
ftus. h a vitulando, id eft, Iretitia gefliendo. 

X 





Of the Gods of the Heathens^ zgi 

Toy: She is the Goddefs of Mirth , which mitigates the 
Toils of Life. 

The Goddefs Volupia , from a Pleafure* for from het 

V^e receive it. 

Qrbona was worfhipped, that (he fhould not leave 

Parents ^ definite of Children. 

Pellcnia was thought to have great Power in d driving 

away the Enemy . 

JShimeria was worfhipped, that from her we might 
learn d to caft Accompts. 

Camosna was efteemed a Goddefs, that inclines In- 
fants c to fing. 

Sentia was worfhipped, that Children might imbibe 
at firft juft and honourable f Sentiments. 

Angerona was the Goddefs that removed the s An- 
ouifiies of the Mind, or elfe was fo named from h the 
Squinancy. When the Cattle of the Romans were al- 
moft wholly deftroyed by this Difeafe, they offered Vows 
to her, and flie removed the 1 Plague. 

Heeres Mart la was one of the Companions of Mars , 
2nd was worfhipped by thofe who obtained an Inheri¬ 
tance. 

State-, or Statna Mater , was worfhipped in the Foru?n t 
that it fliould not be burnt, or fuffer Damage by fre¬ 
quent Fires, which happened there in the Night. 

The Goddefs Laverna was the ProtedTrefs of Thieves, 
who, from her, were named Laverniones: They wor¬ 
fhipped her, that their Defigns and Intrigues might be 
fuccefsful: k Pier Image was a Plead without a Body. 

The God Averruncus was thought to 1 repel and pre¬ 
vent Misfortunes. 


a 


Confus fuggefted good 
of Affairs. 


Management 


as 

1 


i 

I 


a A voluptate. b orbos liberis. c a pellcndis hofdbus. 
a numerando. c a canendo. f a fentiendo Fefl*. Jul. 
Mo deft, s ut pelleret angores animi. h ut arceret anginam. 
Tell. id. ibid, k Scalig. in Fell. 1 ab averruncando, id 
* eft, avertendg mala. 111 a confulendo. 

IT 2 Catius 




ut arceret anginam. 


2 9 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

Catius made Men * circumfpe< 5 t, acute, and wife. 

Valumnus and Volumna were fo named, becaufe, 
through their Means, Men b were willing to follow 
Things that are good. 

Honor his , the God from whom they begged Honouru 
Aius Locutius was worfhipped on this Gccafion: c A 
certain common Soldier reported, that in the Night 
he heard a Voice fay,. The Gauls are corning. Nobody 
minded what he faid, becaufe he was a poor Fellow. 
After the Gallick War, Camillas advifed the Romam to 
expiate their Offence in neglecting this nocturnal Voice, 
which forewarned them of the Gallick War, and the 
enfuing Deftru£Hoiij thereupon a Temple was dedi¬ 
cated in Via NoVa , to Aius Locutius,- 

Among the / Ethiopians , or the AJfyrians , and Pcrfms> 
Pcsna and Beneficium (Puniflmient and Favour) were 
reckoned- in the Number of the Gods. For the former 
was efteemed the Diftributer of Evil ; the other the 
Difpenfer of good Things . 


a Quod homines cautos redderet. b a volendo, quod e- 
jus confilio bona vellent. c Aug 11 ft. 1 . 2. c. 21. Valer. 
Maximus. 



C H A P. IX- 

The Gods affgned to the feveral Parts of Human 

Bodies . 

A Particular God was affigned and afcribed to every 

Member of the Body of Man. 

The Head was facred to d Jupiter , the Breaft to 
Neptune , the Waift to Mars , the Forehead to Genius, 
the Eye-brows to Juno 9 the Eyes to Cupid , the Ears to 


d Servius in Georg, 


Memom* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 293 

WUmoria, the Right-hand to Fzdes , the Back and the 
hinder Parts to Pluto , the Reins to Vezius^ the Feet to 
M& cur y* t * ie ^* nees to Mifericordia , the Ancles and 
Soles of the Feet to Thetis , and the Fingers to Mi* 

ncrva. 

The Aftrologers affign the Parts of the Body to the 
Cdcjlicil Conjlellations , in another Manner, thus : a The 
Head they afiign to Aries , the .Neck to Taurus^ the 
Shoulders to Gemini , the Heart to Cancer the Bread to 
Ico^ the Belly to Virgo , the Reins to Libra , the Secrets 
to Scorpio, the Thighs to Sagittarius , the Knees to Cd- 
pricorn, the Legs to Aquarius , and the Feet to Pifces. 


a Finnic. Sc Manilius apud Lil. Gyr. Synt. 1. 



CHAP. X*. 

A 

'The Funeral God s. 

H E Chief of the Funeral Deities is Libitina , 
& whom fome account to be the fame as Venus , 
fince her Name is derived b from Luft or Concupis¬ 
cence; but others think that fhe was Proferpine . In 
her Temple all Things neceffary for Funerals were 
fold or Jet. Libitina fome times fignifies the Grave, 
and Libitinami thofe Men who were employed in bu¬ 
rying the Dead. Porta Libitina , at Rome , was that 
Gate, through which the Dead Bodies were carried to 
be burnt: And Rati ones Libitina? , in Suetonius , figni¬ 
fies thofe Accounts which we call The Bills of Morta¬ 
lity, or the Weekly Bills . 

~ ' — - , , r^ r -■ - - - __ „ - _ 1 ■ -- ~ 

b Ita didfa a libitu vel libidine. 



P A R T 



Of the Dii Xndigetes and Adfcripti- 
tii, the Semi-Dei (Demi-Gods) 
and Heroes. 



^ H I S now is the laft Divifion of the 
^ Fabulous Pantheon , in which you fee 

^ exactly defcribed the Images of the 
Indigetes or Semi-dei , and the Heroes . 
I told you at firft who the Dii Adfcrip- 
a n d the Indigetes were, and from 
whence they were fo called. 

The Semidei , ‘HuiSeoj, [Hemifheoi] were thofe who 
had human Bodies, facred Minds, and celeftial Souls- 


They were born in this World for the Good and Safe-? 
ty of Mankind. a Labeo , in St. Augujline , diftinguifhes 
them from the Heroes . He thinks that Heros was one 


of ‘Juno's Sons, and that the Name Heros is derived 
from *%<, [ Hera'] Juno' s Name iri the Greek Language, 
b Others think the Word comes from [Era] 
the Earth ; becaufe Mankind owe their Original to it, 
c Others again think it comes from [Eras] Lovcy 
for Heroes are themoft illuftrious Produdl of Love, and 


a Lib. io. c. 21. b Interpr. HomeriapudLjl, Gyr, 

v Synt. x. c Plat, in Cratylo. 



































































Of the Gods of the Heathens. 295 

are tliemfelves, as Hierocles obferves, full of Love. 
But others think that this Name is derived from 
r jZreo] to plead, and is given them becaufe Heroes are 
very elegant, and moft powerful, and fkilful in Rheto¬ 
ric. Or, laftly, it is thought that the Word comes 
from agfilis [Arete] Virtue; for Heroes are endued 
with many Virtues. But let us fpeak particularly con¬ 
cerning fome of thefe Heroes, of whom the moft fa¬ 
mous was Hercules . 



CHAP. I. 

SECT. L Hercules. His Birth, 

T HERE were many Hercules' s, but (as a Tully 
fays) the famous Adlions of them all are aferib- 
ed to him, who was the Son of 'Jupiter by Alcmena , the 
Wife of Amphylrio, King of Thebes . 

When Amphytrio was abfent, b Jupiter put on his 
Shape and Drefs, and came to Alcmena who, thinking 
that her Hufband was returned, entertained the deceit¬ 
ful God both at Table and at Bed, and had by him a 
Son, whofe Limbs were fo large, his Conftitution fo ro- 
buft, and every Part of his Body fo full of Vigour, that 
Jupiter was forced to join three Nights together, and 
•employ them all in producing a Son of fuch marvel¬ 
lous Strength. Before this Adultery, Alcmena had con¬ 
ceived a Son by her Hufband. This Son a.nd Hercules 
were Twins $ his Name was Iphiclus\ c he was won¬ 
derful fwift in Running. 

When Juno had difeovered Jupiter's Adultery, file 
began to ha teHercules fo violently, that fhe endeavoured 

a De Nat. Deorum, I. 2. • h Natalis Comes. Lil. Gyrald. 
c N a 7n fit per ex tretnas fegetum cur re bat ariflas, 

Nec feccos frufius Uedtbatfendereplants. Orph. in Hymn. 
He over Branding Corn would run, and ne’er 
In his fwift Motion bruife the tender Ear. 

U 4 


W ilh 


Zg 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

with Might and Main to ruin him. Firft, fhe obtained 
an Edidl from ] 'Jupiter , which fhe endeavoured to turn 
to his utter DeftnuSlion ; for the Wife of Sthenelus Kino 
of My cents was big with Eiirijlhcus at the fame Time 
when Alcmena was big with Hercules. "Jupiter ordain¬ 
ed, that whichfoever of the two Children was born 
firft, he Should be Superior to the other : Juno accelera¬ 
ted Etirijiheus's Birth, fo that he was born after Seven 
Months, and came into the World before Hercules. 
Again, he Sent two Vipers to deftroy him when he lay 
crying in the Cradle : But it was in vain; for the vali¬ 
ant Infant gtiped them in his Hands till they perilhed 
by his Grafp, a as we are told by Ovid. b At length, by 
the Mediation of Pallas , Juno was reconciled to the 
noble Youth, and let him fuck her Breafts : But he fuck¬ 
ed with fuch Violence that he hurt her Breafts ; where¬ 
fore {he put him away, and fomeof her Milk was fpilt; 
but it v/as not loft, for it fell upon the Sky, and made 
the Milky Way , which is in Greek called r aha^ia [Ga- 
laxia.~] Some of it pafled through the Clouds, and fell 
on the Earth, and where it fell Lillies fprangup; from 
whence fome call thofe Flowers c the Rofes of Juno. 


a T'ene ferunt geminos prcjpjjh tcnaciter ungues. 

Cum t ever in cunts jam Jove dr gnus eras P Ov. Epili, 

You kill'd two Serpents with your infant-hand. 

Which then deferv’J Javt ?s Sceptre to command. 
fr'Eumolph. 1. de Mylteriis. c Rofe Junonke. Lil. Gyr. 


SECT. II. Names of> Hercules. 


E had two proper Names, Hercules and Abides*, 
but his Surnames are innumerable. His Parents 
called him a Alcides , from his extraordinary Strength; 
becaufe he greatly excelled all Mankind in Strength. 



a Ab robur. 


Ho 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 297 

He was afterwards called Hercules , a from the Glory 
which ‘Juno caufed him. For her Hatred and Unkind- 
nefs towards him was the great Means of the Increafc 
of his Glory: For, when {lie expo fed him to the great- 
eft Dangers, fhe made his Glory and Honour mofl il- 
Jiiflrious, and,'by enjoining him fo many Labours, Hie 
only excrcifed his Patience and Courage. 

The Surnames I chufe rather to omit, becaufe it is 
plain, that he derived them either from the Places where 
his mighty Feats were done, or from the Actions that 
he performed with Applaufe and Honourj which, I 
will carefully and difbimStly recount: They are called 
Hercules's Labours-, fo great was the Pains, and fo infL 
nite the Toil of them. 


a Juno Grace dicilur gloria, undo nomen 

Hercules. 


SECT. III. Labours Hercules. 

TjErcules was fubjedled to Eurijlheus , not only by the 
Edi£t "of Jupiter^ and Unkindnefs of Juno* but 
befides, the Oracle of Apollo at Delpbos advifed and per- 
fuaded him to fubmit himfelf, and obey Eurijlheus's 
Commands j and efpecially to undergo willingly the 
twelve Labours which his Matter fhould lay upon 
him. Hercules obeyed the Fates , and ferved Eurijlheus 
twelve Years 5 and peiformed the moft dangerous and 
difficult Commands with a fuitable Courage and Sue- 
cefs. Some fay, that Hercules ferved him voluntarily, 
and performed thefe difficult Tafks, to fhew how great 
Love he bore Eurijlheus . Though Heracles performed 
an infinite Number of memorable Actions, twelve are 
efpecially celebrated : And thofe twelve are comprized 
in as mapy a Latin Verfes, tranflated out of the Greek. 

The 


,l Pnma Clconei lolerata terumna Leant j. 

Pioxima Lern&amferro & face cant adit Hj drain. 



£9 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

The particular Account of thefe twelve is this. 

I. He tore in Pieces* with his Nails, a the Lion in 
the Wood of IScmaea^ which fome fay fell from the 
Orb of the Moon , and was invulnerable by any Wea¬ 
pon. This Place was alfo named Cleone , from whence 
the Lion was alfo called Cleoneus. This was the firft 
Labour of Hercules . He fkinned the Lion, and with 
die Skin be made him a Shield and Breaft-plate. 

XL There was a Hydra , a Serpent , in the Lake 
Lerna> in the Field of Argos , that had feven Heads; 
foine fay nine, others fifty. When any of thefe 
Heads were cut off, another prefently fprang up in 
the Place of it \ unlefs the Blood which iffued from 
the "Wound was flopped by Fire. Iolaus y the Son of 
IphzchiSj procured for him lighted Brands from the 


TAox Erymantbeum vis ter tin percidit Apr tun . 

HLripidis quarto tulit a are a cornua cervi, 

Stympbalidas pep id: t volucres diferimine quinta ® 

S ’krciciam fexto Jpclia-vit Amazon a Baltheo . 

Sep lima in Auger? Jlahulis ii/ipenfa labor is, 

Qfiava expidfo numeratin' adore a dlauro. 

In [Homed is <vifior jam non a quadrigis. 
fiery one ext ini? o dec imam dat Iberia palm am, 

Undecimum mala Hejperi dim: diflratta triumph urn, 

Cerberus extremi j'nprcma cj} met a labor is, 

- The Cl coni an Lion firfl he kills. 

With Fire and Sword then Lernad s Peft he quells. 

Of the wild Soar he clears th* Er’mantbean Fields, 

The Brafs-foot Stag with golden Antlers yields. 

He Stympka clears of Man-devouring Birds, 

And next the bouncing Amazon ungirds : 

The Stables of King A age as he cleans. 

The Cretan Bull he vanquifties and chains: 

Diomede’s Horfes him their Conqu’ror own. 

Then he brings low three-headed Geryont, 
jdejperi an Apples next his Name advance. 

And his I a ft Labour Cerberus unchains? 
r Euripid. in Hercule fnfaru 

neigh- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 290 


neighbouring Wood, and with them Hercules ftanched 
the Blood ifluing from the Wounds he made. This 
foifonable Afliftance was not forgotten j for, when 
Jolaus was grown to decrepid Age, Hercules ,by his 
Prayers, reftored to him his Youth again. 

III. He bound the wild Boar, whofe Fiercenefs and 
gignefs were equally admirable, in the Mountain Ery- 
manthus of Arcadia \ and afterwards brought it to Eh- 

rjjlhcus. 

IV. He was ordered to bring to My cents an Hind, 
whofe Feet were Brafs, and Horns Gold. No-body 
dared to wound her, becaufe {lie was confecrated to 
Diana ; nor could any body out-run her: Yet Her¬ 
cules hunted her a Year on Foot, and catched her, and 
brought her away on his Shoulders. 

V. Pie partly killed, and partly drove away the Birds 
called Stymphalides , from the Lake Stymphahis ^ which 
ufed to feed upon Man’s Flefh. 

VI. Pic defeated the Army of the A?nazons , and took 
from Hippolyte , their Queen, the fin eft Belt in the 
World. 


VII. He in one Day cleanfed the Stable of Augeas^ 
by turning the Courfe of a River into it. This Stable 
had never been cleanfed, although three thou land 
Oxen {tabled in it thirty Years. Whence, when we 
would exprefs a Work of immenfe Labour and Toil, 
in proverbial Speech, we call it Clcaiying the Stable of 
Augeas. 

VIII. He tamed a great Bull, that did innumerable 
Mifchiefs to the Ifland Crete , and brought him bound 
to Eurijlhcus . 

IX. He overcame Diomedes , the moft cruel Tyrant 
of Thrace 3 who fed his Horfes with the Flefh of his 
Gueffs. Hercules bound him, and threw him to be 
eaten by thofe Horfes to which the Tyrant expofed 
others. 


Ovid. Me tarn. 1, 9 , 


X. He 


30a Of the Gods of the Heathens «, 

X. He overcame in War Geryon King of Spain^ who 
had three Bodies : We law him before in Hell. He 
took like wife his Bay Oxen, who ate Man’s Flefh 
and brought them into Italy^ when he had killed th e 
Dragon with feven Heads, and the two-headed Dog, 
who guarded them. 

XI. He killed the Dragon who watched, and then 
carried away the Golden ylpplcs in the Gardens of the 
Hefperides $ from whence perhaps he is called a Me- 
Hus, and Apples were offered up in his Sacrifices. 
"When in Bccoiia no Bull (or Sheep) could be procured 
at the Time of Sacrifice, they took an Apple, and 
ftruck into it four Straws, which reprefen ted four Legs, 
and two others Lnffead of Horns, and again another for 
a Tail,, and offered Hercules this Apple inffead of a 

Viclim. 

XII- Laftly, he was commanded by Eurijlhcus to 
go down into Hell, and bring away from thence the 
Dog Cerberus. This he performed without Delay, and 
bound the Lhree-headed A/Joii/ler in a triple Chain ; and 
by Force brought with him up to the Earth the Dog, 
who ftrove and refilled in vain. When Cerberus faw 
the Light, he vomited, and from thence the poifonous 
Herb 5 Woof's Bane fprang. Thefe are the Hvclvc La¬ 
bours of Hercules. 

P. Fray, Sir, let me a little interrupt you now, fince 
I have been filent fo long. Pray fir ft fatisfy thefe two 
Scruples. 'Why could not Juno , his Enemy, hinder 
his Birth ? Secondly* 1 know that many mention more 
than twelve Labours of Hercules * 

At. What you call an Interruption, P alceophilus^ is 
both feafonable and acceptable to me j becaufe it recalls 
a Thing to my Memory that I had forgot, and gives me 
an Occaiionof mentioning fomething which ought not 
to be omitted : Know, therefore, that "Juno defigned 
to kill him in his Mother’s Womb, or elfe deftroy him 

a Mvjagp Grace fignificat malum vel pomum. b Aco- 

nit urn „ 

* • 


dm me- 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . .301 

immediately after bis Birth ; and, to perform it, con¬ 
trived a Plot: But Alc?nena\ Servant, Galanthis , .pre¬ 
vented it; for fhe cheated Juno? and told her, that Ale- 
mena had brought forth a Son. Juno believed her, and* 
thinking that her Contrivances were ineffectual, fhe 
deftfted i and then Alcmcna brought forth Hercules 9 
without Trouble. But the Deceit of Galanthis was 
punifhed ; for the was turned into a a Weafel; and, be- 
caufe Galanthis offended by her Mouth, therefore the 
Weafel brings forth her Young at her Mouth, with 
great Pain and Anguifh. 

As for the Labours of Hercules , I confefs, that they 
were more than twelve (though thefe principally were 
called Hercules 9 s Labours.) If you pleafe, we will con¬ 
tinue our Account of him thus. 

XIII. Pie vanquiihed the enormous Giant Antaeus? 
the Son of the Earth, who was above fixty-four-Cu¬ 
bits high. He was barbarous to all Strangers, for he 
forced them to wreftle with him, and then choaked 
them. Hercules threw this Giant down thrice, and 
perceived that he recovered new Strength as oft as he 
touched the Earth ; wherefore he lifted him in his Anns 
from the Ground, and pinched and fqueezed him till 
he burft and died. 

XIV. Bufiris the Tyrant ufed to facrifice all the 
Strangers, which he caught, to his Father Neptune , 
till Hercules facrificed both him and his Son upon the 
fame Altar. 

XV. Pie killed the Giants, Albion and Bergion , who 
intended to flop his Journey : And when, in the Fight, 
his Arrows were confirmed, fo that he wanted Arms, 
b he prayed to Jupiter? and obtained from him a Shower 
of Stones, with which he defeated and put to Flight 
his Adverfaries. This, they fay, happened in that 
Part of France , c which was anciently called Gallia Nar - 
bonenjis > which Place is called fi the Stony Plain . 

il Muftela. Grsece yaXlv dicitur. b Cato in Orig. c iVle- 
la, 1. 26 ...Georg. d Campus Lapideus. 


XV L When 



302. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

XVI. When Atlas was Weary of his Burden, Herat- 
les took the Heavens upon his own Shoulders. 

XVII. He overcame the Robber Cacus , who fpi t 

Fire; and Rrangled him. 

XVIII. He fhot the Eagle that devoured the Liver 

of Prometheus., as he lay chained to the Rock. 

XIX. He flew Theodamas , the Father of Hylas, be- 
caufe he denied to give him Victuals : But he took 
Hylas with him, and was very kind to him. 

XX. He delivered :t Hefione , Daughter of Laomeikn , 
King of Troy, from the Whale (to which Sea-Mon- 
fter ftie was expofed) in this Manner : He raifed on a 
fudden a Bank in the Place where Hefione was to be 
devoured, and ^ Rood armed before it , and when the 
Whale came feeking his Prey, Hercules leaped into his 
Mouth, and. Aiding down into his Belly, he fpent three 
Days in tearing the Monfler’s Belly ; but at length he 
bur 1 1 through fafe, and loR his Hair. Laomcdon , after 
this, broke his Word, and refufed to give Hercules the 
Reward he promifed; wherefore, he took by loice, 
and pillaged the City of Troy, giving to Telamon , who 
firR mounted the Wall, the Lady Hefione, as aPart 

of the Booty. 

XXL He overcame Achelons , the Son of Oceania and 
Terra (they fought for Deianira , who was betrothed to 
them bothj though Achelons firR turned himfelfinto 
a Serpent, then into a Bull: For, plucking one of his 
Horns oR', he obliged him to yield. Achelous pur- 
chafed his Horn again, giving Amalthea's Horn in its 
Stead. The Meaning whereof is this Achelous is a 
River of Greece , whole Courfe winds like a Seipent; 
its Stream is fo rapid, that it makes Furrows where it 
flows, and a Noife like the Roaring of a Bull (and 
indeed it is common, among the Poets, to compare a 
River to a Bull.) This River divided itfelf into two 


s Ovid. Metam. 11. f Andraetus Tenedi in Navig. Prop. 

Streams, 



Of the Gods of the Heathens . 303 

Streams, but Hercules with Banks forced it into one 
Channel, u e . he broke oft one of the Horns or Streams. 
The Lands thus drained became fertile ; fo that Hercu¬ 
les is faid to have received the Horn of Plenty. 

XXII. Deianira was Daughter of Oeneus , King of 
JEtolia: Hercules carried her to be married, and they 
were flopped by a River : But the Centaur NeJJ'us prol- 
fered to carry Deianira over upon his Back. NeJJus , 
when {he was over, endeavoured to ravifh her ; which 
Hercules obfervlng while he fwam, fhot him with an 
Arrow. When NeJJus was dying, he gave Deianira 
his bloody Coat, and told her, if a Hufband wore that 
Coat, he would never follow unlawful Amours. The 
credulous Lady long after experimented the Virtue of 
it, far otherwise than fhe expedhed : For Herczdes 0 who 
had furmounted fo many and fo great Labours, was at 
length overcome by the Charms of Omphale Queen of 
Lydia: He ferved her, and changed his Club into a 
Diftaff, and his Arrows into a Spindle. His Love alfo 
to hie. Daughter of Eurytus^ King of Oechalia , brought 
on him Deftrudlion. For his Wife Deianira , being 
defirous of turning him from unlawful Amours, Pent 
him Nejfus's Coat to put on when he went to facrifice ; 
which drove him into fuch Diffraction, that he burned 
himfelf on the Pile he had raifed, and was accounted 
among the Number of the Gods. 


CHAP. II. 

Jason. 

J ASON > Son of Mfon , King of TheJJalia and Aid- 
mede , was an Infant when his Father died, fo that 
his Uncle Pclzas adminiftered the Government. When 
he came to Age, he demanded Poflcflion of the Crown : 
Bu tPelias advifed him to go to Colchis , under Pretence 

of 



304 Qf the Gods of the Heathens'. 

of gaining the Golden Fleece thence, hut indeed to kj'JJ 
him with the Labour and Danger of the Journey. 

P. What Golden Fleece was that ? 

M. It was the Hide of a Ra?n, of a white or a purple 
Colour, which was given to Phryxus , Son of At ha- 
mas and Ntpbcle , by his Mother. Phryxus and his Sif¬ 
ter Idcllc , fearing the Deflgns of their Step-Mother Ino , 
.got on tliis to fave themfelves by Flight. But, 

while they fwam over the narrowefl Part o {Panins, 
FIclle , affrighted at theTofiingof the Waves, fell down; 
whence the Sea was named the Hellefpont. Phryxus 
was carried over fafe, and went to /Eta , King of Col - 
o6/7, a Country of near the Pont us ^ where he was 
kindly received, and facrificed the Ram to Jupiter, or 
Mars , who afterwards placed -it among the Conftella- 
tions. Only his Hide or Fleece was hung up in a Grove 
facred to Mars. It was called the Golden Fleece , be- 
caufe it was of a Golden Colour, and guarded by Bulls, 
that breathed Fire from their Noftrils, and by a vaft 
and watchful Dragon, as a facred and Divine Pledge, 
and as a Thing of the greateft Importance. 

P. Did Jafon carry away that Fleece ? 
did. Yes. He went on board a Ship called Argo , from 
the Builder of that Name ; and, chuflng forty-nine noble 
Companions, who, from the Ship, were called Argonau - 
ice , (among whom were Orpheus , CaJlor and 

Pollux) in his Voyage he vifited Hypftphile, Queen of 
Lemnos , who had Twins by him. Then, after a long 
Voyage, and many Dangers, he arrived at Colchis , and 
demanded the Golden Fleece of King /Eta, who granted 
his Requefl:, on Condition that he tamed the Bulls that 
guarded it, whofe Feet were of Brafs, and who breathed 
Fire; and killed the Dragon, and fowed his Teeth in 
the Ground ; and, laftiy, deftroyed the Soldiers, which 
fprungfrom the Ground where thefe Teeth were {own. 
jafon undertook the Thing on thefe Conditions, and 
was delivered from rnanifeltDeftrucSHon, by the Affift- 
ance of Medea , the King’s Daughter, who was in Love 

with 



Of the Gods of the Heathens* 30^ 

wi tli him. For, obferving her Directions, he over¬ 
came the Bulls, laid the Dragon afleep, carried away 
the Fleece , and fled by Night, carying Medea with him 5 
w hom he after married. 

jp. What did King /Eta do then ? 

He purfued them \ but Medea , to flop his Pur- 
fuit, tore her Brother Ahfyrtus (who went with her) in 
Pieces, and /battered his Limbs on the Road. When 
her Father faw the torn Members of his Son, he flop¬ 
ped to gather them up: So Jafon and the Argonauts 
returned to their own Country, where Medea by her 
Charms reftored Jafon ’s Father, the old decrepid /fi- 
fou , to Youth again; though fome fay that /Efon died 
before their Return. The Daughters of Pelias were 
affected fo by this miraculous Cure, that (defiring that 
their Father might receive the like Benefit) they were 
cafily induced, through miflaken Duty, and unfkilfui 
Kindnefs, to tear their Father in Pieces ; foolifhly and 
ridiculoufly hoping that he, like AEfan^ would become 
young again. After this Jafon hated Medea , and di¬ 
vorcing himfelf from her, he married Creufa , the Daugh¬ 
ter of Creoiiy King o £ Corinth: And Medea , to revenge 
his Perfidioufnefs, not only murdered the two Chil¬ 
dren, that flie had by him, in his own Sight; but in 
the next Place, inclofing Fire in a little Box, file fent 
it to Creufa , who opened the Box, and by the Fire, 
which burfl out of it, was burnt, together with the 
whole Court. After fhe had done this, the admirable 
Sorcerefs flew by Magic Art to Athens . Some write, 
that fhe was again reconciled to Jafon . But what has 
been faid is enough for this Heroes let us proceed to 
another. 



CHAP. 



306 Of the Gods of the Heathens v 


CHAP. Ill 


T H E S E U S. 

P. H O were the Parents of < Tbefeus ? 

V / AA ALih'ra was his Mother, and /Egem- 
King of Athens his Father. Minos King of Crete made 
War againft JEgeus> becaufe the Athenians had difho- 
nourably and barbaroufiy killed his Son, who carried 
the Prize in the Games from them all• When he had 
banifiled the Athenians , he impofed this fevere Condi¬ 
tion upon them, that they fhould fend feven of the 
niclt noble Youths of their Country into Crete by Lot 
every Year. In the fourth Year the Lot fell upon 
* Thefetts , which mightily grieved and troubled his Fa¬ 
ther fEgens . !The feus went on board a Ship, whofe Sails 

and Tackle were hl3ck, and received this Command 
from his Father: If by the propitious Providence of 
Heaven he efcaped the Dangers, and did return fare 
unto his own Country again, that then he fhould 
change his black Sails, into vj'hite ones, that his Father, 
being affured of his Safety by that Signal, might be 
ienfible of that H'appinefs as foon as might be. 

_P. And what was the Event of that Voyage? 

1 A. The .Event was fortunate to - < Tbefeus \ but very 
unfortunate to his Father JEgeus: For, when Hhe fens 
came to Crete , he was ihut up in the Labyrinth ; but 
he flew the Minotaur , and efcaped out of that inextri¬ 
cable Prifon by the Help of Ariadne . After this he fet 
Sail for Athens in the fame mournful Ship in which he 
came to Crcte^ but forgot to change his Sails, accord¬ 
ing to the Inflru&ions which his Father had given him 5 
fo that, when his Father beheld from a Watch-Tower 
the Ship returning with black Sails, he imagined that 

his Son was dead, and cafl: himfelf head long into the 

Sea, 



Of the Gods of the Heathens 0 307 

Sea, which was afterwards called a the JEgean Sea, 
from his Name and Deftiny. 
p m Who was that Ariadne ? 

M* She was the Daughter of Minos? King of Crete . 
She was violently in Love with Thefeus ^ and delivered 
him b out of the Labyrinth by the Means of a Thread. 
She followed him in his Return to the Ifland of I\ T ax::s y 
and there Thefeus perfidioufly and ungratefully left her. 
But Bacchus pitied her miferable Condition, and mar¬ 
ried hers and gave her a Grovm that was illuminated 
with feven Stars, which he had before received from 
Venus . This Crown was called Gnojjia Corona , and 
Ariadne herfelf was furnamed Gnoffis , from the City of 
that Name in Crete. After the Death of Ariadne , the 
fame was carried among the Stars, and made a Con- 
ftellation in the Heavens. It was thought that Diana 
caufed the Death of Ariadne , becaufe fhc preferred not 
her Virginity. 

P . What great Adfioiis did Thefeus perform ? 

M. His Actions were fo famous, that they account¬ 
ed him one of the Hercules’ s. For, r. Fie killed the 
Minotaur . 2. He overcame the Centaurs. 3. He van- 

qui(lied the Thebans. 4. He defeated the Amazons. 5. 
He went down into Hell s and returned back into the 
World again. 

P. Why did he go down into Hell ? 

M . He and Pirithous , his moft intimate Friend, the 
lawful Son of Ixion , which he had by his Wife, agreed 
never to marry any Woman except "Jupiter's Daugh¬ 
ters. Thefeus married Helena , the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
ter and Lcda , and none of Jupiter’s Daughters remain¬ 
ed on Earth for Pirithous ; wherefore they both went 
down into Hell to Real Proferpine away from her Huf- 
band Pluto. As foon as they entered Hell, Pirithous 
was unfortunately torn in Pieces by the Dog Cerberus , 


a kEgeum mare. 


h Propert. I 3. Eleg 

X 2 




308 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

But 7 'hcfcus came alive into the Palace of Pluto , who 
fettered him, and kept him till Pier cities was fent into 
Kell by Eurijlbeus to re feu e him. 

P. And who were thofe Amazons that you mention¬ 
ed juft now r 

lid. They were Women animated with the Souls and 
Bravery of Menj a military Race, inhabiting thatPart 
of Scythia , which is wafhed by the River Tanais. They 
were called Amazons , a either becaufe they cutoff one 
of their Breafts, or b becaufe they lived together with¬ 
out the Society of Men. They were a Nation of Wo¬ 
men ; who, that the Country might have Inhabitants, 
and not be depopulated when the prefent Race of Wo¬ 
men died, admitted the Embraces of the neighbouring 
Aden, and had Children by them : They killed the Boys 
at their Birth, but brought up the Girls : They cutoff 
their right Breaft, that they might more conveniently 
ufe their Hands in (hooting their Arrows, and brandifti- 
ing their Weapons againft their Enemy. Thefe female 
Warriors, by their frequent Excurfions, became Pof- 
feffors of a great Part of Afw^ when Hercules , accom¬ 
panied with The feus, made "War upon them, and de¬ 
feated them ; and, taking Hyppolyte their Queen Pri- 
foner, gave her in Marriage to Tbefeus . 

' Tbefeus had by Hyppolyte his Son Hyppolytus , who was 
very beautiful, and mightily addidfted to Hunting, and 
a remarkable Lover of Chajliiy : For, when c Phecdra , 
his Step-Mother (the Daughter of King Minos, whom 
Tbefeushat] preferred to her Sifter Ariadne) follicited him 
to commit Wickednefs, when he was grown a Man, 
he refufed to comply. This Repulfe provoked her fo 
much, that, when her Hufband returned, (lie accufed 
him wrongfully, as if he had offered to ravifh her. 
"Thefeus gives Ear to this wic ked Woman, and believes 
her Untruth againft his Son Hyppolytus , who perceiving 


:1 Ab cc privative id pulps mamma. b 
viverc. c Ovid, in Ep. Phsedr. 

I 






































































































































Of t&e Godsqf the Heat hens. jog 

it, fled away in his Chariot. In his Flight he met fe- 
veral monftrous Sea-Calves, which frighted his Horfcs 
fo that they threw him out of his Seat, his Feet were 
entangled in the Harnefs, and he was dragged through 
the Thicketsofa Wood, and torn to Pieces miferably. 
Mfculapius afterwards, at the Requeft of Diana , re~ 
ftored him to Life again. But he however left Greece , 
and came into Italy , where changing his Name, he 
called him felt Virbtus , a becaufe he had been a Man twice. 
Pheedra was gnawn with the Stings of her own Con- 
fcience, and hanged herfelf. And, not long after, Pbe- 
feus , being banifhed from his Country, ended an illus¬ 
trious Life with an obfeure Death. 


a Qnod vir bis effet. 



CHAP. IV. 

Cast or and Pollux. 

P. WHO are thofe two handfome, beautiful, 
W young Men that ride upon white Horfes ? 

M. They are Twin Brothers, a the Sons of Jupiter 
apd Led a ; their Names are Gajlor and Pollux . 

P. What Lcda was that ? 

M. The Wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia , whom 
Jupiter loved, but could not fucceed in his Amour till 
he changed himfelf into a Swan ; b which Swan was 
afterwards made a Conftcllation. In this Form he 
gained the mutual Love of Leda , by the Swcctnefs of his 
Singing; and Hying into her Bofom, as it were, thathe 
might fecure himfelf from the Violence of an Eagle, 
which purfued him, he enjoyed her, though flic was 
then big with Child by her Hufband. Leda brought 


x 3 


a Pind. in Pydiag. 


b Manib i. AHron. 


forth 



3 IO 


Of the Gods of the Heathens, 


forth two Eggs which were hatched, and produced the 
Twin-Brothers which you fee. 

P. You mean, that one came out of one Egg, and 
the other out of the other E<r<r. 


<4 

V\ 


J 14 « No; out of the Egg which Letla had conceived 
by Jupiter, came Pollux and Helena , who fprang from 
divine Seed, and were therefore immortal. But out of 
the other, which file conceived by Pyndarus her Huf- 
band, * came Caflor and Clytenincjlra, who were mortal, 
becaufe they were begotten by a mortal Father. Yet 
both Caflor and Pollux are frequently called Pyndarlded 
by the roets, as Helena is alfo called Pyndaris , from the 
fame King Pyndarus. 

P . What memorable Adfions did Caflor and Pollu 
do ? 

]\ 4 . They both accompanied Jafoii, when he failed to 
■Colchis> and, when he returned from thence, recover¬ 
ed their Sifter Helena from Phefeus^^Aio had ftolen her, 
by overcoming the Athenians that fought for him, to 
whom their Clemency and Humanity was fo great af¬ 
ter the Defeat, that the Athenians called them b the Sons 
of Jupiter ; from whence zvhite La?nbs were offered up¬ 
on their Altars. 

c But although they were born both at the fame 
Birth, and, as fome think, out of the fame Egg, yet 
their Tempers were different. 

P . What End had they ? 

M. Cajlor , being (as fome fay) a mortal Perfon, was 
killed by Lynceus : Whereupon Pollux prayed to Jupi¬ 
ter to reftore him to Life again, and confer an hmnorta- 
lity upon him; But this could not be granted. How- 


a i Hor. Sat. b Ado-trepoi, id eft, Jovis iilii, Horn, in 

Hymn, 

c Cajlor gaudet equis: Ovo prognatus eodem , 

Pugnzs ; quot capitu?n <vi e vu?il 9 to/idem in Jludiormn 
M2 Hi a. 

As many Men, fo many their Delights. 



■Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 11 

ever, he obtained Leave to divide his Immortality be¬ 
twixt himfelf and his Brother Cajlor . And thence it 
came to pais, ;t lliat they lived afterwards by 'Turns e- 
' r very other Day, or, as others fay, every other Fort¬ 
night. After the Death of Cajlor , a Kind of Pyrrhick, 
or Da?ice in Armour, was -inftituted to his Honour; 
which was performed by young Men armed, and cal¬ 
led b CaJloPs Dance . 

At length they both were tranflated into the Hea¬ 
vens, and made a Conftcllation, which is ftill called 
Gemini and when one of them rifes, the other fets. 
Sailors efteem thefe Stars lucky and profperous to them, 
c becaufe when the Argonauts were driven by a vio¬ 
lent Tempeft, two lambent Flames fettled upon the 
Heads of Cajlor and Pollux, and a Calm immediately 
enfued ; and from thence a Virtue more than human 
was thought to be lodged in thefe Youths : But, if 
only one Flame appeared, they called it Helena , and it 
was efteemed fatal and deftrucSHve to Mariners. 

There was a famous Temple dedicated to Cajlor and 
Pollux in the Forura at Rome ; for it was believed, that, 
in the dangerous Battle of the Romans with the Latins , 
they alHfted the Romans, riding upon white Hor-fes. 

From hence came that Form of fwearing by the 
Temple of Cajlor, which Women only ufed, faying, 
d Mcajlor, whereas, when Men fwore, they ufually 
•{wore by Hercules, ufing the Words, c Hercule, Herclc , 
■Hercules, JWebercules, Artshercule* But both Men and 


Vir<r. ^En. 6, 


t 

:l Sic fratrem Pollux ciltenia morte redemit 
ltque reditque <viam. 

Thus Pollux, offering his alternate Life, 

Could free his Brother. They did daily go 
By Turns aloft, by Turns defeend below. 
b Plin. 1. 7. c. 5. 7. np. Nat. Com. c Hor. 1 . 3. Carrru 
Realtor, & ^Edepo], id eft, per aedem Caftoris & Pollucis. 
c Pafftm apudTerent. Plaut. Cicer. 

X 4 


Wo- 



312 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

“Women fwore by the 'Temple of Pollux^ uflng the 
•Word Mdepol , an Oath common to them both. 

P . But what became of Clytemnejira ? 

M. Clytemnejira was married to Agamemnon , whom, 
after his Return from the Siege of Troy^ fhe killed, by 
the Help of JEgjihusy (with whom in the mean Time 
ilie lived in Adultery;) fhe attempted a] fo to kill his 
Son Orejles , which fhe had done, a if his Sifter EleSira 
had not delivered him at the very Point of Deft ruff ion, 
fending him privately to Stropbius King of Pbocis ; 
where, after he had lived twelve Years, he had returned 
into his own Country, and flew both Clytemnejira and 
JEglflkus. He killed alfo Pyrrhus in the Temple of 
■Apollo ; becaufe he had carried av/ay Her intone^ the 
Daughter of Mercians , who was firft betrothed to 0 - 
rcjles . Wherefore the Furies tormented him, neither 
could he obtain Deliverance from them, till he had 
.expiated his Wickednefs at the Altar of Diana Taurica , 
whither he was conduced by Pylades his Friend, his 
' perpetual Companion, and his Partner in all his Dan¬ 
gers ; b whole Friend (hip was fo clofe and fa.cred, that 
either of them would die for the other. 
pi "Who was that Diana Taurica f 
JA* The Goddefs Diana , that was worfhipped in 
5 Taurica Cherfonefus or Cberroncfus , a Peninfula fo called 
from the Tauri , an ancient People of Scythia Eurcpaa . 
c This Goddefs was worfhipped with human Viftitns, 
the Lives and the Blood of Men .were facrificed to 
her. When Orejles came thither, Iphigenia his Sifter, 
the Daughter of Agamemnon , was Prieftcfs to Diana 
Taurica ^ .fhe was made Pricftefs on the following Oo 
canon. 

Agamemnon , King of the Argivi^ was, by the com¬ 
mon Confent of the Grecians , appointed General in 


a SofTool. in Ele<ftr. Euripid. in Orefl. 
amicitiso c Euripid. in Jphig. in Taur. 


*? Cicero de 


their 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


3 X 3 


their Expedition againft Troy• and, as I laid before, af¬ 
ter the War was ended, and / roy taken, was killed when 
he returned home by his own Wife Clyienvvjira. This 
Agametnnon killed a Deer by Chace, in the Country of 
/lulls , which belonged to Diana ; the Goddefs was an¬ 
gry, and caufed fuch a Calm, that for Want of Wind 
the Grecian Ships bound for Troy were fixed and im¬ 
moveable : Hereupon they confulted the Soothfa\ cts, 
who anfwered, a that they muft fatisfy the Winds, and 
Diana , with fome of the Blood of Agamemnon. Where- 
fore Ulyjfts was forthwith font to bring away Iphigcnia 
the Daughter of Agamemnon from her Mother, by a 
Trick, under the Pretence of marrying her to Achilles . 
And whilft the young Lady flood at the Altar to be fa- 
crificed, the Goddefs pitied her, and fubftituted a Hind 
in her Stead, and fent her into Tawica Ghcrfomfus ; 
where, by the Order of King Tbyas, fhe prefilled over 
thofe Sacrifices of the Goddefs, which were folemnized 
with human Blood . And, when Orcfles was brought 
thither by the Inhabitants to be facrificcd, he was 
known and preferved by his Sifter. After which Thy as 
was killed, and the Image of Diana^ which lay hid a- 
mongft a Bundle of Sticks , was carried away ; and from 
hence Diana was called Fafcells , from Fajlis , a Bundle. 


Eurip. in Jpbig. in Taur. 


CHAP. V. 

Perseus. 

P Erf ms was the Son of Jupiter , by Dan ae , the 
Daughter of Acrifus , 15 who was fhut by her 

Father in a very ftrong Tower, where no Man could 

* 

b Pan fan. in Corinth. 


come 



3 T 4 


Heathcji 


come toiler; becaufe her Father had been told by 
an Oracle , that he fhould be killed by his own Grand- 
child. But nothing is impregnable to Love : For, Ju¬ 
piter , by changing himfclf into a Sbozver of Gold v de¬ 
scended through the Tiles into the Lady’s Bofom, 
(and who would refufe to open it to a Shower of that 
V'alue?) and, when he had enjoyed her, he left her 
with a full Purfc and a big Belly. a Horace tells the 
Story very xngenioufly. 

As foon as Acrifius had heard that his Daughter had 
brought forth a Son, he ordered that ftie and the In¬ 
fant fhould be fhut up in a Cheft, and thrown into the 
Sea, where a Fifherman' found them, and took them 
out, and prefented them to King Pllumnus ; who mar¬ 
ried Vanac , and brought up her Son whom he called 

Per feus. 


Ma 


7k 


Mi 


rerva a Shield ofBrafs,fo bright, that it reflected the 
Images of Things, like a Looking-GIafs. 


a Inchtfam Danacn ttirris abenea 
kRohufl&que fores, vigilum canum 

7 rifles ex cubits runnier ant fat is 
No Slur vis ab adulter is : 

Si no7i /hrif uw, virghris abdiiiz 
Cnjlodem pavidum , Jupiter bonus 
Rfffent : fore enim tut tun iter & patens, 

Conveyfo in pretium Deo. I~Ior. Garni, b 3 * 1 

Within a brazen Tower immur’d, 

£>y Dogs and Centinels feenr’d^ 

From Midnight Revels and Intrigues of Love, 

Fair Danae was kept within her Guardian’s Po\v 7 r; 
But gentle Perms fimi’d, and amorous Jove 
Knew he could foon unlock the Door, 

And by his Art fuccefful piovc. 

Chang’d to a golden Show r. 

Firlt, 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 315 

Firft, he n delivered Jndrorncda, the Daughter of Ce- 
pheus , King of Ethiopia, when file was bound by the 
Nymphs to a Rock to be devoured by a Sea-P/Io after, 
becaufe her Mother proudly preferred her Beauty to 
theirs ; and when he had delivered her, lie took her 
to Wife. After which both the Mother Cajffiope, or 
CaJJiopeia, and the Daughter, and the Son-in-Law, 
were placed amongft the Celefiial Cc-y'Iellaiions. His 
next Expedition was again ft the Gorgones, of whom we 
have fpoken before. He encountered with Mcdufa, 
their Princcfs ; Snakes fupplied the Place of Hair on 
her Head. Pie faw the image of her Plead by the 
Brighrnefs of his Shield, and by the favourable Aftift- 
ance of Pallas ftruck it off; and afterwards fixed it upon 
a Shield, and, by Clewing it, he afterwards turned ma¬ 
ny Perfons into Stone, fltlas was turned, by the Sight 
of it* into the Mountain in Mauritania of that Name; 
becaufe he rudely refufed to entertain Perfeus. When 
JVlednfas Head was cut oft’, the Plorfe Pegajus fprang 
from the Blood which was fhed on the Ground : He is 
fu called from Uvsyv [ Peg o'] a Fountain, b becaufe he was 
born near the Fountains of the Sea. This Plorfe had 
Wings ; .and flying over the Mountain Helicon , he 
ftruck it with his Ploof, and opened a Fountain, which 
they called in Greek Hippocrenc ; and in Latin , Fans 
CabaUinus ; that is, the Horfe-Fountain. But after¬ 
wards, while he drank at the Fountain Pyrene in Co¬ 
rinth, where Bellcrophon prepared himfelf for his Expe¬ 
dition againft the Chimera , he was by him taken and 
kept. 

Bcllerophon 9 s firft Name was Hippcnous ; c becaufe 
he firft taught the Art of governing Horfes with a Bri¬ 
dle. But when he had killed Bell crus, a King of Co¬ 
rinth, he was afterwards called Bellerophonies. This 
Bellcrophon, the Son of Glaucus, King of Ephyra, was 

r+ 11 m ' 1 1 .. . *" 11 — - - . L 1 

a Propert. 1 . 2. Hygin. de fignis cceleflibus, 3 . 2. 

b Strabo, h 8. c Ita diclus ab equis fra? no regendis. 

equally 



3 16 Of the Gods of the Heathens a 

equally beautiful and virtuous 3 he refitted all the Temp¬ 
tations whereby Sthenobaxi, the 'Wife of Pratus , enti¬ 
ced him to commit Adultery 3 his Denial provoked her 
fb y , that in. Revenge fhe accufed the innocent Stranger 
to her Hufband. Pratus , however, would not violate 
the Daws-of Hofpitality with the Blood of Bellerophon 3 
but fent him into Lycia , to his Father-in-Law Jobates , 
with Letters, which defired him to punifli Bellerophon 
as. his Crime, deferved. Jobates read the Letters, and 
fent him 1 to fight againff the Solymi , that he might be 
killed in Battle r. But he eafijy vanquifhed them, and 
in many other Dangers, to which he was expofed, he 
always, came' off Conqueror. At laft he was fent to 
kill the Chinucra ; which he undertook* and perform¬ 
ed* when he had procured the Horfe Pcgafus , by the 
. Efel'p of Bfeptuue. u Wherefore Jobates admired the 
Bravery of th.e Youth, and gave him one of his Daugh¬ 
ters- to Wife, allotting him alfo a Part of his Kingdom. 
Sthenobaa killed herfelf, v/hen fhe heard this. This 
happy Succefs fa tranfported Bellerophon , that he en¬ 
deavoured to fly upon Pcgafus to Heaven 3 for which 
Jupiter ffnking him with Madnefs, he fell from his 
Horfe into a Field called Aldus Campus 3 b becaufe in 
that Place Bellerophon wandered up and down blind, to 
the End of his Life ; But Pcgafus was placed among the 
Stars . Some fay that this was the Occafion of the Fable 
of the- Chimcsra. There was a famous Pirate, who 
ufed to fail in a Ship in whofe Prow was painted a 
ILian^ ire the- Stern of a Dragon, and in the Body of the 
Ship a Goat defcribed'3 and this Pirate was killed hv 
Belter cphooiy in a Long-Boat that was called Pcgafus . 
From th.e Letters which Bellerophon carried to Jo- 
hates y c comes the Proverb Bcllerophon > s Letters 3 when 
any one carries Letters, which he imagines are wrote 

* Homeri Itrach h Ab > AX=:D erro. c HsXTvsco^oil^-* 
yj.iuy.ctia s . Belbrophontis Literacy ufitatius didbe. Lit tree Una, 

ill 





* 


















































Of the Gods of * the Heathens * 317 

in his Favour, when they feat to procure his Ruin. 
And fuch Letters are generally called. The Let ters of 
Uriah * 


CHAP VL 

^Esculapius. 

M* ^ 7 HY are you fo filent, PalaophilusP What 

v V employs your Thoughts fo long? 

P. I was obferving that a bearded -old Man that 
leans upon his jointed Cane, and is adorned with a. 
Crown of Laurel, and encompaffed about with Dogs- 
Pray, Sir, tell me his Name, who he is, and what arc 
his Excellencies. 

M. It is /Efculapius , b the God of the Phyficians and 
Phyfick, and the Son of Apollo by the Nymph Coronis » 
He improved the Art of Phyfick, which was before 
little underftood ; and for that Reafon they accounted 
him a God. c Apollo fhot the Nymph his Mother 
when (lie was with Child of him ; becaufe fne admit¬ 
ted the Embraces of another young Man after he had 
enjoyed her. But he repented after he had killed her, 
and opened her Body, and took out the Child alive, 
and delivered him to be educated by the Phyfician Chi- 
ran, d who taught him his own Art; The Youth made 
fo great a Progrefs in it, that, becaufe he reflored Health 
to the Sick, and Safety to tbofe, vvhofe Condition was 
defperate, he was thought to have a Power of recalling 
the Dead to Life again. Whereupon Pluto , the King 
of Hell, c complained to Jupiter very much that his 
Revenue was diminifhed, and his Subjects taken from 
him by means of /Efculapius\ and, at length, by his 


n Lucian, in JoveTrag. b Cicero 2 leg. Corn. 


c Homer in Hymn, 


d Ovid. 1 Mete 


Virg. 7 


Cel fiis* 

7 £n. 

Per- 



3 18 Of the Go ds of the Heathens „ 

% 

Perfuafion Jupiter killed him. with a Stroke of Thun* 
der. 

He wears a Crown of Laurel; a becaufe that Tree 
is powerful in curing many Difeafes. By the Knots in 
his Staff is fignified the Difficulty of the Study of Phy~ 
Jick . He hath Dogs painted about him, and Dogs in 
his Temple; becaufe many believe that he was born 
of uncertain Parents, and expofed, and afterwards nou- 
rifhed by a Bitch. b Others fay, that a Goat, which 
was purfued by a Dog, gave Suck to the forfaken In¬ 
fant ; and that the Shepherds faw a lambent Flame play¬ 
ing about his Head, which was the Prognofiication of 
his future Divinity. After that, the Cyrenians ufed to 
offer a Goat to him in the Sacrifices; either becaufe 
he was nourifhed by a Goat, as was faid, c or becaufe 
a Goat is always in a Fever; and therefore a Goat’s 
Conftitution is very contrary to Health. d Plato fays, 
that they ufed to facrifice Dunghill-cocks to him, which 
is the moft vigilant of all Birds ; for of all Virtues prin¬ 
cipally Wakefulnefs is neceffary to a Phyfician. 

P* Where was he particularly worfhipped ? 

M. At Epidaurus c firft, where he was born : After¬ 
wards at Pome ; becaufe, when he was fentfor thither, 
he delivered the City from a dreadful Peftilence. For 
which Reafon f a Temple was dedicated to him in an 
I(land in the Mouth of the Fiber , where he was wor¬ 
shipped under the Form of a great Serpent; for, when 
the Romans came to Epidaurus to tranfport the God 
from thence, a great Serpent entered into the Ship : 
and they, believing it to be MJculapius , brought it to 
Rome with them. Others tell the Story thus : When 
the Romans were received by the People of Epidaurus 
with all Kindnefs, and were carried into the Temple 

a Vide Fefium. b La6lant. de falf. relig. Paufan in Co¬ 
rinth. c Tidym. 1 . 3 apud Nat. Com. d I11 Phcedone. 
c Liv. 1 , 45. & 1 . 10. Fieri Epitome 1 . 11. f Sue ton. in 
Claud, c. 2c. 

of 


&f the Gods of the Heathens . 319 

of JEfculapias ; the Serpent, under whole Image they 
wor(hipped that God, went voluntarily into the Ship 
of the Romans . 

I can tell you nothing of the Children of Mfadapius? 
except their Names. He had two Sons called Atfachaots 
and Podalirius , both famous Phyficians, who followed 
Agamemnon , the General of the Grecians , to the "Trojan 
War, and were very ferviceable amongft the Soldiers. 
And two Daughters a Hygieea or Sanitas (though fome 
think this was not his Daughter, but his Wife) and 
Jafo. 

P . Is there nothing remarkable concerning his Ma¬ 
iler Chiron ? 

M. Since you afk, I will tell you, that he was a Cen¬ 
taur ^ and the Son of Saturn , and Phyllyra , for, when 
turn embraced that Nymph,''he fuddenly changed him- 
felf into a Horfe, b becaufe his Wife Ops came in. Pbii- 
lyra was with Child by him, and brought forth a Crea¬ 
ture, in its upper Parts like a Man, in its lower Parts 
like a Horfe, and called it Chiron ; who, when he grew 
up, betook himfelf into the Woods; and there learn¬ 
ing the Virtue of Herbs, he became a mod excellent 
Phyfician : For his Skill in Phyfick, and for his other 
Virtues, which were many, he was appointed Tutor to 
Achilles , and taught /Efculapius Phyfick. At lad, when 
he handled Hercules's Arrows, one of them, dipped in 
the poifonous Blood of the Lernatan Plydi'a, fell upon 
his Foot, and gave him a Wound that was incurable, 
and Pains that were intolerable ; info much that he clea¬ 
red to die, but could not ; becaufe he was born of two l?n~ 
mortal Parents. Therefore at length the Gods iranflated 
him into the Firmament , where he now remains ; for 
he became a Confleliation called Sagittarius , which is 
placed in the Aodiac. 


a Hygiasa fignificat fanitatem. Sc Jafo derivaturab 
fanare. b z Virg. Georg, 1 . 3. 


CHAP. 



CHAP. VII. 


Prometheus. 


P 


Romelbetts the Son of Japetus , a ancl the Father of 
Deucalion , was the firlh (as we find in Hiftory) that 
formed a Man out of Clay \ which he did with fuch 
Art and Skill that Minerva was amazed, and proffered 
to procure any thing from Heaven which would any 
ways compleat his Work. Prometheus anfwered, that 
he did net know what in Heaven would be ufeful to 
him, fince he had never feen Heaven. Therefore Mi¬ 
nerva carried him up to Heaven, and fhewed him all 
that there was to be feen. He obferved that the Heat 
of the Sun would be very ufeful in animating the Man 
which he had formed ; wherefore he lighted a Stick 
by the Wheel of the Sun’s Chariot, and carried it light¬ 
ed with him to the Earth. This Theft difpleafed Ju¬ 
piter fo much, that be fent Pandora into the World to 
Prometheus with a Box that was filled with all Sorts 
of Evils. But Prometheus , fearing and fufpe&ing the 
Matter, refufed to accept it; but his Brother Epime - 
iheus was not fo cautious : For he took it and opened 
ir, and ail the Evils that were in it flew abroad amongft 
Mankind. When he perceived what he had done, he 
immediately fhut the Box again, and by good Fortune 
hindered Hope from flying away, which ffuck to the 
Bottom of the Box. You may remember how fweet- 
ly b Horace fpeaks of this Theft of Prometheus . 


a Vide Claud. Panegyr. de conf. Hon. 

b Audax omnia perpeti 

Gens bumana ruit per f vetitwn nefcis* 

Jupiter 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 2 X 

'Jupiter puniflied Prometheus in this Manner: He 
commanded Mercury a to bind him to the Mountain. 
Caucafus ; and then he fent an Eagle to him there, which 
continually gnawed his Liver. Yetfome fay, b that he 
was not punifhed, becaufe he dole Fire from Heaven, 
but becaufe he had made Woman, which, they fay, is 
the moft pernicious Creature in the World. 

To this Nicander adds another Fable* c When 
Mankind had received the Fire of Prometheus , fome 
ungratefully difcovered this Theft to Jupiter , who gave 
thf*m the Gift of perpetual Youth . They put this Gift 
upon an Afs’s Back, that it might be brought to the 
Earth. The Afs in his Journey was thirfty, and came 
to a Spring to drink ; but a Water-Serpent would not 
fufFer him, unlefs the Afs would give him the Burden 
which he carried : The Afs gave it him $ and hence it 
comes to pafs, that, when the Serpent is old, he calls 
his Skin, and feems to grow young again. 

Prometheus had been ferviceable to Jupiter (for he 
difcovered to Jupiter his Father Saturn 9 s Conspiracy, 
and prevented the Marriage of Jupiter and Thetis 9 


Audax Iapeti genus 
Ignem frazide ?nala gent thus bitutit: 

Pojl igjiem set here a demo 
SubduSizwzy macies & mrva febriztni 
Terris incubuit cohors : 

Semotiqueprzus tarda zzecejfitas 

Let hi corripzdt graduzzi. Hor. Carm. 1. I« 

No Pow’r the Pride of Mortals can controul : 

Prone to new Crimes, by ftrong Prefumption driven 
With facrilegious Hands Prozzzetheus Hole 
Celeftial Fire, and bore it down from Heaven : 

The fatal Prelent brought on mortal Race 
An Army of Difeafes ; Death began 
With Vigour then to mend his halting Pace, 

And found a moll compendious Way to Man. 

3 Heliod. in Theogon. b Menander Poeta. c In Theocr. 

Y which. 



322 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

which he forefaw would be fatal ; wherefore Jupiter 
fuffered Hercules to fhoot the Eagle, and fet Prometheus 
at Liberty. 

' This perhaps is the Meaning of this Fable: Prome¬ 
theus (whofeName is derived a from a Word denoting 
Forefight and Providence) was a very prudent Perfon: 
And becaufe he reduced the Men that were before rude 
and favage, to the Precepts of Humanity, he was feign¬ 
ed from thence to have made Men out of the Dirt: And 
becaufe he was diligent in obferving the Motions of the 
Stars from the Mountain Caucafus , therefore they Paid 
that he was chained there . To which they added, that 
he Jlole Firefro?n the Gods , becaufe he invented the Way 
of ftriking tire out of the Flint; or was the firft that 
difeovered the Nature of LigkUiing. And laftly, becaufe 
he applied his Mind to his Study with great Care and 
Sollicitude, b therefore they imagined an Eagle preying 
upon his Liver continually. 

jP. You faid juft now, that he was the Son of Deu¬ 
calion ; did you mean him who repaired the Race of 
Mankind, which was almoft extindl? 

M. Yes, I mean the fame Deucalion . When he 
reigned in Eheffaly there was fo great a Deluge, that 
the whole Earth was overflowed by it, and all Mankind 
entirely deftroyed, excepting only Deucalion and Pyrrha 
his Wife. T'hofe two were carried in a Ship upon the 
Mountain Parnaffus ; and when the Waters were aba¬ 
ted, they confulted the Oracle of Themis^ to know hy 
what Means Mankind fhould again be reftored. The 
Oracle anfwered, that Mankind would be reftored. If 
they caft the Bones of their Great Mother behind them . By 
Magna Mater the Oracle meant the Earth , and by her 
JBo/iesy the Stones: Wherefore cafting the Stones be- 


a ’A^ro t5j? id eft, Providentia, Paufan. in Eliac, 

L Apol. 1, 3 * ' 

hind 



Of the Gods of the Heathens. 323 

hind their Back, a prodigious Miracle enfued ; a for 
thofe Stones that were thrown by Deucalion became 
Men, and thofe that were thrown by Pyrrba became 
Women. The Occafion of which Fable was this ; 
Deucalion and his Wife were very pious, and by the 
Example of their Lives, and the Sanctity of their Man¬ 
ners, they foftened the Men and Women, who before 
were fierce and hard iike Stones, into fuch Gentlenefs 
and .Mildnefs, that they obferved the Rules of civil So¬ 
ciety and good Behaviour. 


a -- -- - -— - S ax a 

Mijfa *viri matt i. bus fact cm t rax ere ojirorum : 

Et de fee mine a reparata efl fremiti a jaciu. 
hide genus durutn fu?mts y - 

Et document a damns qua Jimus crigine nali . Ov. Met. 1. i* 

- ---/^ n d 0 f the Stones 

Thofe thrown by Men the Form of Man endue; 

And thofe were Women which the Woman threw ; 
Hence we a hardy Race, inur’d to Pain ; 

Our Actions our Original explain. 


CHAP. VIII. 

Atlas. 

P. TIT - HO is he that fuftains the Heavens upon 
V V his Shoulders ? 

M. It is Atlas , King of Mauritania , the Son of 
Jo fetus* and Brother of Prometheus ; who was fore¬ 
warned by an Oracle, that he ihould be almoR ruined 
by one of the Sons of Jupiter , and therefore refolvcd to 
c»ive Entertainment to no Stranger at all. At laft Per- 
feus (who was begotten by Jupiter) travelled by Chance 
through .Atlas’s Dominions, and defigned, in Civility, 
to viilt him. But the King excluded him the Court, 

Y 2 which 


3 

which Inhumanity provoked him fo much, that putting 
his Shield which he carried with him before the Eyes of 
Atlas , and {hewing him the Head of Medufa , he turned 
him into the Mountain of his own Name 5 which is of 
fo great Height, that it is believed to touch the* Hea¬ 
vens. Virgil makes mention of him b in the Fourth 
Book of his JEneids . 

The Reafon why the Poets feigned that Atlas fuf- 
tained the Heavens on his Shoulders, was this: Atlas 
was a very famous Aftronomer, and the firft Perfon 
that underflood ana taught the Dodfrine of the Sphere; 
and on the fame Account the Poet tells us, that his 
Daughters were turned into Stars. 

P.°How many Daughters had he, and what were 
their Names? 

. M. By his Wife Pleione c he had feven Daughters, 
whofe Names were EleSfra , Raley one , Celano , Mala, 
JJlerope , Taygete , and Merope , and were called by one 
co m m on Name, Pleiades : And, by his Wife MthraJ 
he had feven other Daughters, and their Names were 
Jlmbrojia , Endora , Pafithoe , Coronts , Plexaris , Pytbo, 
and Tychcn Thefe were called by one common Name, 
Hyades „ 



a Herodotus in Melpomene. 

h -- Jaznque <vo!a?zs apicem Id Intern ardua ccrnit 

Atlantis durz, cccheznque *vertice fulcit: 

Atlantis cznclum ajjzdue cui nubibtis air is 
Pinifcrum caput, id njezzio pulfaiur c S’ iznbrz : 

Nix h inner os infitfa fegit ; turn jruznina mento 
Precipitant ferns , id glacze riget borrida barba . 

Now lees the Top of Atlas, as he flies, 

Whofe brawny Back fupports the Harry Skies : 

Atlas , whofe Head, with Piny Forefls crown’d. 

Is beaten by the Winds, with foggy Vapours bound: 
Snows hide his Shoulders ; from beneath his Chin 
The Founts of rolling Streams their Race begin. 
c Ovid. Faftorum c. d Aratus in Aftron. 

x P. Why 



Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 32 5 

jP. Why were thefe latter Daughters called Hyades ? 

Jld. From a a Word which in the Greek Language 
Hgnifies to rain* becaufe, when they rife or fet, they 
caufe great Rain ; and therefore the Latins called them 
b Sucida ( that is, Swine) becaufe the continual Rain, 
that they caufe, makes the Road fo muddy, that they 
feem to delight in Dirr, like Swine. c Others derive 
their Names from Liyas their Brother, who was devour¬ 
ed by a Lion: His Sifters were fo immoderately afflidl¬ 
ed and grieved at his Death, that Jupiter in Companion 
changed them into feven Stars, which appear in the 
Head of Taurus . And they are juftly called Hyades* 
« becaufe Showers of Tears flow from their Eyes to 
this Day. 

• P. Why were the Daughters firft mentioned called 

Pleiades ? 

M. Their Name is derived from a Greek Word fig- 
nifying c Sailing . For, when thefe Stars arife, they 
portend good Weather to Navigators. Becaufe they 
rife in f the Spring-time, the Romans call them Vergi- 
I'us: Although others think that they are called Pleia¬ 
des s from their Number* becaufe they never appear An¬ 
gle, but all together, except Merope* who is fcarceever 
feen, for fhe is afhamed that file married Sijypbys , a 
mortal Man, when all the reft of the Sifters married 
Gods. h Others call this obfeure Star Eleitra* becaufe 
fee held her Hand before her Eyes, and would not look 
upon the Deftrutiion of Troy ; as the Hyades were placed 

p * ■■■■■■ t '■■■■■ ■« . - ■ - — _ 

a 'Atto rd i/W, id eft, pluere. 

Hamit a qtias Hyades Grains ab imbre <vocat . 

From Rain the Sailors call them Hyades . 
b Sucula.% quemadmodum eas Graci vocant Vse 9 id eft, 
fees. Aulus Gell. 1 . 13. c, 9. c Euripid. in Jove. d He- 
fiodusin Theog. c ’Ano a navigando;^ commo- 

dum enim tempus navigation! oftendunt. 1 Vergilisc dici^e 
averno tempore quo exoriuntur. s Quafi^o^) hoc eft, 
plures, quod nunquam flngul.e apparent, fed oinnes fimul. 

*Gvid, Fall. 4, 

Y 3 among 



326 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

among the Stars, bccaufe they bewailed immoderately 
the Death of their Brother Ply as , fo the Pleiades were 
trailflated into Heaven, becaufe they inceflantly la¬ 
mented the hard Fate of their Father Atlas , who was 
converted into a Mountain. But let us fpealc a little 

about their Uncle Hefperus . 

Hefperus was the Brother °f Atlas , and, becaufe lie 
ji ved feme Time in Italy, that Country was called an¬ 
ciently riefpena from him. He frequently went up to 
the Top of the Mountain Atlas to view the Stars: At 
iaffc he went up and came down from the Mountain no 
more. This made the People imagine that he was car¬ 
ried up into Heaven, whereupon they worfhipped him 
as a God ; and called a very bright Star, from his 
Name Hfperns, Hefper, Hefpcrugo , Vefper, and Vcfpcru- 
■ go, which is called the Evening Star, which fets after 
the Sun: But, when it rifes before the Sun, it is called 

[ Pbofphorus] ox Lucifer-, that is the Morn¬ 
ing Star. Farther, this Hefperus had three Daughters, 
j Eg/e, Prethufa , and Hcfperethufa 5 who, in genera), 
were called the Hefper ides. And it was faid, that, in 
their Gardens, Trees were planted that bore golden 
Fruit: Thefe Trees were guarded by a watchful Dra¬ 
gon, which Hercules killed, and carried ^way the gol¬ 
den Apples. Hence the Phrafe, * To give fome of the 
Apples of the Hefperidcs , that is, to give a great and 

fplendid Gift. 


* JVKa» 1 Hctt rfipdSv 2 vpZcrcts, id eft, malaHcfpendnm largiri. 



CHAP* 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 



CHAP. IX. 

Orpheus and A m p h i o n„ 

Y OU fee thefe two are drawn in the fame Manner, 
and almoft in the fame Colours* becaufe they 
both excelled in the fame Art, namely, in Mufick; in 
which they were fo fkilful, that by playing on the Harp 
they moved not only Men, but Beafts, and the very 
Stones themfelves. 

Orpheus , the Son of Apollo , by Calliope the Mufe, with 
the Harp that he received from his Father played and 
fang fo fweetly, that he tamed wild Beafts, ftayed the 
Courfe of Rivers, and made whole Woods follow him. 
a He defcended with the fame Harp into Hell^ to re¬ 
cover from Pluto and Proferpine his Wi fe Eurydice^ who 
had been killed by a Serpent, when fhe fled from the 
Violence of Arijleus . And here he fo charmed both the 
King and Queen with the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
that they permitted his Wife to return to Life again 
upon this Condition, that he fhould not look up¬ 
on her till they were both arrived upon the Earth : 
But fo impatient and eager was the Love of Orpheus , 
that he could not perform the Condition : Wherefore 
ihe was taken back into Hell again. Hereupon Orpheus 
refolved for the future to live a Widower \ and with 
his Example alienated the Minds of many others from 
the Love of Women. This fo provoked the Adeenades 
and Bacches-i that they tore him in Pieces:: Though o- 
ihers aflign another Reafon of his Death, which is this ; 
the Women, by the Inftigation of Venus , were fo in¬ 
flamed with the Love of him, that Arriving to run into 
his Embraces, and quarrelling with one another, which 
fhould have him, they tore him in Pieces. His Bones 


Apoll. 1. i 

Y 4 


Argo, 


■were 



’328 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

were afterwards gathered by the Mufes , and repofed 113 
a Sepulchre, not without Tears 3 and this Karp w^s 
made the Conftellation of Lyra . 

Amphion was the Son of 'Jupiter by Anti ope. He re¬ 
ceived his Lute and Harp horn Mercury 3 and ;l wit!) the 
Sound thereof moved the Stones fo regularly, that they 
eompofed the Walls of the City of Thebes. 

The Occafion of which Fable was this : Orpheus and 
Amphion were both Men fo eloquent, that they perfua- 
ded them who lived a wild and favage Life before to 
embrace the Rules and Manners of Civil Society. 

Avion is a proper Companion forthefe two Muficians; 
and I admire that his Image is not in this Place. For 
he was a Lyrick Poet of Methynma in the Bland of Lef~ 
bos , and gained immenfe Riches by his Art. b When 
he was travelling from Lejbos into Italy , his Compani¬ 
ons attempted to rob him of his Wealth. But hav¬ 
ing intreated the Seamen to fuffer him to play on his 
H.^rp before they call him into the Sea, c he played fo 
fweetly that, when he had caft himfelf into the Sea, a 
Dolphin , drawn thither by the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
received him on his Back., d and carried him to Teredos. 
The Dolphin for his Kindnefs was carried into Heaven 

and made a Conftellation* 

• • • 


a Didlus & Amphion, Thebanconditor urbis 9 

Saxa mo<pere fono tejludinisy & prece blanda 

Due ere quo njeilet. Hor. de Arte Poet* 

Amphion too, as a Story goes, could call 

Obedient Stones to make the Theban Wall. 

He led them as he pleas’d: The Rocks obey’d. 

And danc’d in Order to the Tunes he play’d. 
b Pauf in fceotic. c Herod, in Clio. 

9 ? IIlefedet , citharamque tetiet , preiiunique uehendi 
Cantat, £5 <gquoreas carmine mulcet aquas. Oy. Fall. 2* 
He on his crouching Back fits all at Eafe, 

With rfarp in Hand, by which he calms the Seas, > 
And for his Paifage with a Song he pays. J 

" .. • ? * CHAP. 

‘N * 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 2 9 


CHAP. X. 

A C H I h L E S. 


A Chilles was the Son of Pclcus by "Thetis. His Mo*, 
ther plunged him in the Styghni \\ r aters when he 
was an Infant; which made his whole Body ever after 
invulnerable, excepting that Part of his Foot by which 
he was held when he was wafhed. Others fay, that 
Thetis hid him in the Night under a Fire, a after ihc had 
anointed him in the Day with Ambrojia > whence at firit 
])e was called Pyrifons , bccaufe he eicapcd fafefrom tlie 
Fire5 and afterwards Achilles , h becaufe he had but one 
Lip, for he licked the Ambrofia from his other Lip, fo 
that the Fire had Power to burn it off. Others a sain 


report, c that he was brought up b y Chiron the Centaur - 9 
and fed, inftead of Milk, with the Entrails of Lions, 
and the Marrow of Boars and 1'ears3 fo that by that 
Means he received immenfe Greatnefs of Soul, and 
mighty Strength of Body. From him thofe, who 
greatly excelled in Strength, were called Achilles \ fI and 
an Argument is called Achillcum , when no Objeclion 
can weaken or difprove it. 

Thetis , his Mother, had heard from an Oracle, that 
he Ihould be killed in the Expedition agair.il Troy . On 
the other Hand, Calc has the Diviner had declared, that 
Troy could not be taken without him. By the Cun¬ 
ning of UlyJJes he was forced to go : For when his Mo¬ 
ther Thetis hid him in a Boarding-School (in Gynecao) in 
the Hand Scyros (one of the Cyclades) in the Habit of 
a Virgin, among the Daughters of King Lyc07ncd.es , 
UlyJJes di(covered the Trick: For, he went thither in 


a A poll. 4. Argon. b Ab * priy, So yettor, labrum ; 
quafi line labro. c Apoll. 1 . 3. Eurip. in Ipbig. a Ceil. 

h 2. c. 1 r* 


the 


33 ° Of the Gods of the heathens. 

the Difguife of a Merchant, and brought with him fe~ 
veral Goods to fell : The King’s Daughters, as in the 
Temper of Women, began to view and handle curi- 
ouflv the Bracelets, the Glafles, the Necklaces, and 
fuch-like Women’s Ornaments. But Achilles , on the 
contrary, laid hold of the Targets, and fitted the Hel¬ 
mets to his Plead, and brandifhed the Swords and pla¬ 
ced them to his Side. Thus Ulyffes plainly difcovered 
Achilles from the Virgins, and compelled him to go to 
the War, after that Vulcan , by Thet /Vs In treaty, had 
given him impenetrable Armour. Achilles at Troy kil¬ 
led Heft or the Son of Priamus , and was killed himfelf 
by Paris? by a Trick of Polyxcna . 

a And all the Nymphs and Mufes are .faid to have 
lamented his Death. 

'I'his Polyxcna was the Daughter of Priamus King 
of Troy? a Virgin of extraordinary Beauty : Achilles , 
by Chance, faw her upon the Walls of the City, and 
fell in Love with her* and defired to marry her*: Pri~ 
anuis confented : They met in the Temple of Apollo to 
folemnize the Marriage ; where Paris , the Brother of 
Hector , coming in privately, and lurking behind Apol¬ 
lons Image, fhot flchillcs fuddenly with an Arrow, in 
that Part of his Foot in which only he was vulnerable,, 
After this Trov was taken, and the Ghoft of Achilles 
demanded Satisfaction for the Murder, and the Gre¬ 
cians appe a fed him by offering the Blood of Polyxcna . 


3 Lycophron. in Alexand. 


CHAP. 



CHAP. XI. 

Ulysses. 


Y T Lyjfes was fo named, bccaufe 

Tnnc tvn \r I t n rv- no m n Anr 11 


when his Mother 
was travelling, as fomc fay, in the I(land of Ithaca , 


as others fay, Bceotia , fhe fell down on the :i Road, and 
brought him into the World. Fie was the Son of 
Laertes and Aniiclea . Flis Wife was Penelope , a Lady 
highly famed for her Prudence and Virtue. He v/as 
unwilling that the "Trojan War fhould part him and his 
dear Wife • wherefore, to avoid the Expedition,he pre¬ 
tended to be mad, joining different Beads to the fame 
Plough, and fovving the Furrows with Salt. But this 
Pretence was detected by Palamedes , who threw his In¬ 
fant Son into the Furrow, whilft UlyJJes was ploughing, 
to fee whether TJlyjfes would fuffer the Plough-fhare to 
wound him or no. When he came where his Son lay, 
he turned the Plough another Way, for fear left he 
fhould hurt him : And from hence he difeovered that 
he was not a Madman, and compelled him to go to the 
War, where he was mightily ferviceable to the Grecians % 
for he was almoft the foie Occafion of taking the Town, 
fince he removed the fatal Obftacles which hindered it 
from being taken. For he brought Achilles (as I faid) 
to the War, out of his Retreat. Fie obtained the Ar¬ 
rows of Hercules from Pbilofletes , and brought them a- 
gainft Troy . He brought away the Allies of Laomcdon , 
which were preferved upon the Gate Sees a in Troy . He 
ftole the Palladium from the fame City. He killed 
Rhcefus , King of Thrace , and took his Horfes, before 
they had taken the Water of the River Xanthus, In 
which Things the Deftiny of Troy was wrapped up. 


a Greece ’c S’.ac'Evc, ab hod via; quod in ipsa via ejus ma¬ 
ter iter faciens Japfa ilium peperit. Vide Nat. Com. & Ho¬ 
mer um in OdyfT. 

For. 




For,, if tbe 'Trojans had preferved them, fcheTown could 
never have been conquered. 1 

Afterwards he contended with Ajax (the Son of iCe- 
lamon and Hejione , who was the flouteft of all the Gre¬ 
cians except Achilles ) before Judges, for the Arms of 
Achilles _ The J tidges were perfuaded by the Eloquence 
of Ulyjjes, and gave Sentence in his Favour, and align¬ 
ed the Arms to him. 'This Difappointment made A - 
jax mad,, whereupon he killed himfelf, and his Blood 
v/as turned into the Violet . 


When Ulyjfes departed from "Troy to return Home, 
he failed backwards and forwards twenty Years ; for 
contrary Winds 2nd ill Weather hindered him from 
coming Home. In which Time, 1. He put out the 
Eye of Polyphemus with a Fire-brand ; and failing from 
thence to /Eolia , he obtained from /Eolus all the Winds 
which were contrary to him, and put them into leathern 
Bags. His Companions believing that the Bags were 
filled with Money, and not with Wind, intended to 
rob him ; wherefore, when they came almoft to Ithaca, 
they untied the Bags, and the Wind gufhed out, and 
blew him back to /Eolia again. 2. When Circe had 
turned his Companions into Beads, he firft fortified 
himfelf againfl: her Charms with the Antidote that 
JMercury had given him, and then ran into her Cave 
with his Sword drawn, and forced her to reftore his 
Companions their former Shapes again. ■ After which 
Circe and he were reconciled, and he had by her Tele* 
gantts . 3. He went down into Hell, to know his fu¬ 

ture Fortune from the Prophet 'Tirejias. 4. When 
he failed to the Blands of the Syrens > he flopped the 
Ears of his Companions, and bound himfelf with ftrong 
Ropes to the Ship's Mad ; whereby he avoided the dan¬ 
gerous Snares into which, by their charming Voice, 
they led Men. And laflly, £fter his Ship was broken, 
and wrecked by the Waves, he efcaped by fwimming, 
and came naked and alone to the Port of Phcsacia , 


where Naufccaa , the Daughter of King Alcinotis , found 
him hid among the young Trees, and entertained him 


7 2 

2 



Of the Gods of the Heathens « 332 

civilly ; and when his Companions were found, and 
the Ship refitted, he was fent afieep into Ithaca, where 
Pallas awaked him, and advifed him to put on the 
Habit of a Beggar, Then he went to his Neat-herds, 
where he found his Son Telemachus ; and from thence 
he went Home in a Difguife. Where, after he had 
received feveral Affronts from the Wooers of Pene- 
lopc 9 by the Afiiftance of the Neat-herds, and his 
Son, to whom he difcovered himfelf, he fet upon 
them, and killed them every one ; and then received 
his Penelope . 

Penelope , the Daughter of Icarus , was a rare and 
perfedl Example of Chaftity. For, though it was 
generally thought that her Hufband UlyJJcs was dead, 
iince he had been abfent from her twenty Years j 
neither the Defires of her Parents, nor the Sollicita- 
tions of her Lovers, could prevail with her to marry 
another Man, and to violate the Promifes of Con- 
fiancv, which fhe gave to her Hufband when he de¬ 
parted. For, when many Noblemen courted her, 
and even threatened her with Ruin unlefs fhe declared 
which of them fhould marry her, fhe defired that the 
Choice might be deferred till file had finifhed that 
Needle-work about which fhe was then employed : 
But, undoing by Night what fhe had worked by Day, 
file delayed them till UlyJJcs returned and killed them 
all. Hence came the Proverb a to weave Penelope’s 
Web \ that is, to labour in vain, when one Hand de- 
ftroys what the other has wrought. 


p Penelope's telam texere 9 id eft, inanem operam Turnere. 
Vid* Erafm. A dag. 

s 

* 


CHAP, 



334 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


C H A P. XII. 

* 

Orion. 

j p. UI 7 FIAT was the Birth of Orion? 

V V Modefty will hardly let me tell you ; 

However I will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
that he was born from the Urine of Jupiter , Neptune , 
and JHereury : For when they travelled together, they 
were.benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
Cottage, whole Name was Hi reus. He entertained 
them as handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
would fuffer. Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
that they promifed to grant whatever he aflced. Fie faid, 
that he promifed his. Wife, when fhe died, never to 
marry again, and yet, that he extremely defired to have 
a Son. This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
con fen ted to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
Ox (with which they were entertained) with theirUW//r, 
commanding him to bury it ten Months: After which 
he digged it up, and found in it a new-born Child, 
which, from this Occafion, he called IJrion , or Orion . 

Orion , when young, was a conftant Companion of 
Diana : But becaufe his Love to the Goddefs exceeded 
the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe, as fome fay, he 
extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
eft and fierceft Beafts, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
pleafed the Earth ; wherefore file fent a Scorpion which 
killed him. He was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
and there made a Cancellation ; which is thought to 
predict foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
when it is vifible ; whence the Poets call him a tempef - 
iicons or Jlormy Orion . 


2 Nimbofus Ori'n. Virg. J£n. nam. o f ivcj fignificat turbo, 
fxovsQ* unde etiam ipfb no men fumpfiiL a nonnullis judicature 

o c CHAP. 



334 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


CHAP. XII. 

* 

Orion. 

jP. ST 7 FIAT was the Birth of Orion? 

V V J 14 . Modefty will hardly let me tell you : 
However I will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
that he was born from the Urine of 'Jupiter , Neptune , 
and Mey\ury : For when they travelled together, they 
were.benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
Cottage, whole Name was Hircus. He entertained 
them as handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
would fufter. Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
that they promifed to grant whatever he afked. Fie faid, 
that he promifed his. Wife, when fhe died, never to 
marry again, and yet, that he extremely deftred to have 
a Son. This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
conferred to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
Ox (with which they were entertained) with theirl/nba, 
commanding him to bury it ten Months: After which 
he digged it up, and found in it a new-born Child, 
which, from this Occafion, he called Orion , or Orion. 

Orion , when young, was a conftant Companion of 
Diana : But becaufe his Love to the Goddels exceeded 
the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe, as fome fay, he 
extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
eft and fierceft Beafts, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
pleafed th z Earth \ wherefore fhe fent a Scorpion which 
killed him. He was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
and there made a Conjlellation \ which is thought to 
predict foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
when it is vifible , whence the Poets call him il tempes¬ 
tuous or Jlor?ny Orion . 

a Nimbofus Orr'n. Virg. JEn. nam. ofau figniflcat turbo, 
moved* unde etiam ip ft nomcn fumpfifle a nonnullis judicatnr. 

2 CHAP. 


Tag* jjj 
































































































CHAP. XIII. 

Osiris, Apis, and Sera pis. 

HESE are the three different Names of one 
JL and the fame God, therefore they are not to be 
feparated in our Difcourfe. 

Ofiris was the Son of "Jupiter , by Niobc? the Daugh¬ 
ter of Pboroneus . He was King of the Argives many 
Years : But he was ftirred up, by the Deflrc of Glory, 
to leave his Kingdom to his Brother JEgialas ; where¬ 
fore he failed into Egypt , to feek a new Name, and new 
Kingdoms there. "I'he Egyptians were not fo much 
overcome by his Arms, as obliged to him by his Cour- 
tefies and great Kindnefs towards them. After which 
he married A, the Daughter of Inachus , whom Jupiter 
formerly turned into a Cow, as we faid above : But, 
when by her Difh addon (he was driven into Egypt , her 
former Shape was againftreftored, and fhe married Ofiris 5 
and inf ruiied the Egyptians in Letters: Wherefore, 
both fhe and her Hulband attained to divine Honours, 
and were thought immortal by that People. But Ofiris 
fhewed that he was mortal ; for he was killed by his 
Brother Lyphon. lo (afterwards called Ifis) fought him 
a great while ; and when fhe had found him at lafi: in a 
Cheft, fhe laid him in a Monument in an Hand near tea 
Memphis^ which Hand is encompaffed by that fad and 
fatal Lake, the Styx. And becaufe when fhe fought him 
fhe had ufed Dogs, who by their excellent Vertue of 
Smelling might difeover where he was hid, thence the 
ancient Cuftom came, a that Dogs went fir ft in a 
anniverfary Procefhon in Honour of IJis. And the 
People carefully and religioufly worshipped a God with 


Ex. Gyr. Syntagxn, 9. 


a 


£ Dor’s 


2 3 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens ^ 

a Dog’s Plead, called A nub Is ; which God the Poets 
commonly call, a Barker? a God half a Dog? a Dog half 
a h Man . Pie is alio called c Hermanubis ; becaufe his 
Sagacity is fo great, that Tome .think him to be the 
fame with Mercury . But Jet us return to Qftris and 

Ifts. 

After the Body of Ojiris was interred, there ap¬ 
peared to the Egyptians a {lately beautiful Ox : The 
Egyptians thought that it was Ojiris , wherefore they 
v/orihipped it, and called it Apis? which in the Egyp¬ 
tian Language fignifies an Ox . But becaufe his Body, 
after his Death, was found fhut up in a d Che ft , he was 
afterwards from thence called S or apis ; and by the 
Change of a Letter, Serapis ? as we fhall fee more clear¬ 
ly and particularly by and by, when I have obferved 
what Plutarch fays, that Ofir is was thought to be the 
Sun. Plis Name comes from Or, which in the Egyp¬ 
tian Language fignifies ?nucb , and Iris an Eye ; and his 
Image was a Sceptre? in the Top of which was placed 
an Eye. So that Ojiris fignifies the fame as 'Bo 7 wo<pQoL?y*s 
[ Polyophthahnos ] many-eyed , which agrees very well to 
the Sun? who feems to have fo many Eyes as he hath 
Kays, by which he fees, and makes all Things vifible* 

Some fay that Ifts is Palias , others Terra? others 
Ceres , and many the Moon ; for fhe is painted fome- 
times c horned, as the Moon appears in the Increafe, 
and wears black Garments, becaufe the Moon fhines in 
the Night. In her Right-hand fhe held a Cymbal, and 
in her Left a Bucket. Her Head was crowned with the 


a Latratorem, femicanem Deum, Virg. zEn. 8. b Semi- 
iominem canem. Ovid. Metam. 9. Lucan, feduli. c Pint* 
in Ofiride. Serv. in ^En. 8. (I Zopo? fignificat arcam, in 
qua inventum eit illius corpus inclufum. c K epccopo^o;, id 
eft, cornigera afiingebatur, ad Lunse crefcentis fimiiitudi- 
nexn. Sc (/^ccvSro^oe, nigris veftibus induta, quod luna lu- 
ceat in tenebris. Vide Servium. .^En. 8. 


Feathers 


Of the Gods of the Heathens * 337 

Feathers of a Vulture ; for, among the Egyptians, that 
Bird is facred to ''/uno; and therefore they adorned the 
Tops of their Porches with the Feathers of a Vulture . 
The Priefis of I/ts 9 called after her own Name Ijiaci , 
a abfhiined from the Flefh of Swine and Sheep - 9 they 
ufed no b Salt to their Meat, left they fhould violate 
their Chaftity. c They fliaved their Heads , d tliey 
wore Paper Shoes , and a c Linen Vejl, becaufe Ifis firft 
taught the Ufe of Flax ; from whence flic is called* 
Linigera , and alfo & Inachis, from Inacbns , her Father. 
By the Name of 7 / 5 > is ufually underftood iVifdom. 
And accordingly, h upon the Pavement of the Temple* 
there was this Infcription : I am every Thing that hath 
bec?i 9 and is , and Jhall be , nor hath any ALortal opened ?ny 

Veil . 

By the Means of this Ifis, 5 //;£/>, a young Virgin 
of Crete, the Daugher of Lygdus and Tclethifa , was 
changed into a Man. For when Lygdus went a Jour¬ 
ney he commanded his Wife, who was then big with 
Child, if file brought a Daughter, that fhe fhould not 
educate her, but leave her expofed in the Fields to 
perifh by Want. Telethufa brought forth, indeed, a 
Daughter, but was very unwilling to lofe her Child 5 
therefore fhe drefled it in a Boy’s Habit, and called it 
Ip his, which is a common Name to Boys and Girls. 
The Father returned from his Journey, and believed 
both his Wife and his Daughter, who perfonated a 
Son: And, as foon as flic was marriageable, her Fa¬ 
ther, who ftill thought that flic was a Man, married 


n Lilian, lib. de anim. Herodot. 1 . 2. b PIut. fymp. 5, 
c. 10. c Ccel. Rhodigin. 5. c. 12. (I Herodot. J. 1. 
e Claud. 4. Hon. conf. f Ovid. dePontoEL i. 2 Pro- 


pert. 1. I. & 2 . b Eyw i ttxv to •yeyoves, -dj oV, laofASMi* % 
Hs to e/xo V 7 te'UjT'ov ?uv Bv'otxv uttbxccKvI'BV. EgO fum quic- 

quidfuit, eft, erit j nee meum qnifquam mortalium Peplum 
xetexit. Plut. in Ifide. 1 Ovid. Metam. 1 . 9. 

Z her 


3.38 Qf the Gods of the Heathens „ 

her Co the beautiful lanthe . They went to the Tempfe 
to celebrate the Marriage. The Mother was mightily 
concerned ; and, as they were going, fhe begged the 
favourable Affiftance of IJis , who heard her Prayers, 
and changed the Virgin Ipbis into a moft beautiful 
young Man. Now let us come to Scrap is and Apis 
again. 

Though Serapis 5 of whofe Name we gave the Eiy- 
7)1 clogy before, was the God of the Egyptians , yet he was 
worfhippcd at Greece , a and efpecially at Athens b and 
a ]Co at Rome. Amongft different Nations he had dif¬ 
ferent Names ; for he was called fometimes c Jupiter 
Anmion , fometimes Pluto f Bacchus , /Efculapius , and 
fome times Ofiris . His Name was reckoned abomina¬ 
ble by the Grecians 5 d for all Names of feven Letters, 
* ETflx'ypctiA.p-lcc. [Heptagrammata J are by them efteemed 
Infamous. Some fay, that Ptolemy , the Son of Lagus> 
procured the Ejfigics of him at Pcuius , from the King 
of Sinope , and dedicated a magnificent Temple to him 
at Alexandria. Eufebius calls him the c Prince of Evil 
Damons. A Flajket was placed f upon his Head ; and 
near him lay a Creature with three Heads ; a Dog’s 
on the Right-fide, a Wolf’s on the Left-fide, and a 
Lion’s Head in the Middle. A Snake with his Fold 
encompaffed them, whofe Plead hung down unto the 
God’s Right Hand, with which he bridled the terrible 
Monfter. There was befides, in aimed: all the Tem¬ 
ples where Serapis and Ifis were worfhipped, an Image 
which prefled its Lips with its Finger. Varro fays, the 
Meaning of this was, that no one fliould dare to fay 
that thefe Gods had been Men formerly ; and the Laws 
inflicted Death upon him that faid that Serapis was once 
a mortal Man. 


a Faufan. in Attic. b Publ. Vidlor. c Tacitus, 1 . 20. 
Plut. de Ofirlde. d Porphyrius. c Praep. Evangelica, 
lib. a. *' Macrob. in Saturnal. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens . 339 

Apis , of whom we fpake fometliing above,- a was 
King of the Argivi , and being tranfported from thence 
into Egypt , he became Serapis , or the greateft of all 
• the Gods of Egypt; After the Death of Serapis , the 
0 *, that we mentioned a little before, fucceeded in his 
Place. b Pliny defcribes the Form and Quality of this 
(Ar, thus : An (Ay, fays he, in Egypt , is wordlipped as 
a God. They call him Apis. He is thus marked ; there 
is a white fhining Spot upon his Right-fide, Horns 
like the Moon in its Increafe. and a Node under its 
Tongue, which they call Cantharis. His Body^ c fays 
Herodotus , was all black: In his Forehead he had a 
white , fquarey fhining Figure ; the Effigies of an Eagle 
in his Back\ and, befides that Cantharis in his Mouth- 
he had Hair of two Sorts in his Fail, Rut Pliny goes 
on : If he lives beyond an appointed Period of Fime, they 
drown him in the Pricfls Fountain's then the Priejls Jhave 
their Heads , and mourn and laments and feck another to 
fuhjiiiute in his Room . When they have found one , he is 
brought by the Pricjls to Memphis. He bath two Chapels, 
which they call Chambers, which are the Oracles of the 
People . In one of which he'fordels Goods the other HE 
He gives Anfwer in privates rind takes Meat from them 
that confult him. He refufecl Meat from the Bland of Ger~ 
manicus Csefar, who died not long after . He alts, for the 
mojl parts infecret : But when he pleafes to appear publick- 
lys the Officers go before and clear the Way ; and a Flock of 
Boys attend him, Jinging Ferfes to his Honour . He feems 
to underfland Ftings , aoid to expelt Worjhip. Once a Year 
a Cozv is floeivn unto hints who hath her Marks (though 
different from his ;) \and this Cow is always both found and 
hilled the fa?ne Day* So far Pliny . To which Adi an 
adds. Float the Cow that conceives Apis, conceives him not 


a Auguft. de Civitate Dei, lib. 18. 
1 . 8. c. 40. c Herodot. lib. 3. 

Z 2 


b Plin. Hid. Nat. 




/ 


24 -° Of Gods of the Heathens. 

by a Bull , but by Lightning. _ a Cambyfes , King of Ajjyria , 
gave no Credit to thefe Trifles; and ftruck Apis in the 
Thigh with his Sword, to (hew, by the Wounds 
bleeding, that he was no God : But his Sacrilege did 
notpafs (as they pretend) unpuniflred. 



$,}j' 



1 









































































































C 34 * ) 





A N 






■Concerning the GODDESSES that make 

the GODS.. 


HOSE GoddeJJes (whofe Images are finally 
and all painted in one Picture) are the 
Virtues 3 by whofe Favour, not only the 
Dii Adfcriplitii , but all the other Gods 
befides, were advanced to Heaven, and 
t with the utmoft Veneration. 
You fee fome Vices among ft them (for they had Altars 
dedicated to them too) which, like Shades, encreafe 
the Luftre of the Virtues ; whofe Brightnefs is doubled 
by the Reflection of the Colours. To both of them 
there are adjoining fome Gods, either favouring orop- 
pofing them. I {hall fay fomething briefly, accord¬ 
ing to my .Defign, of them. 

4 

* 

\ 

:2 3 CHAP. 







Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


C H A P. I. 

SECT. I. The Virtues which are Goddefics 

and good Deities. 

H E Ancients not only worfhipped the feveral 
iL Species of Virtues , but alfo Virtue herfelf, as a 
Godtlefs. Therefore, firft of her, and then of the 
others. 


SECT. II. Virtue and Honour. 


& 



virtue derives her Name from Vir, beeaufe Virtue is 
the mofl manly Ornament . a She was efteemed a 
'sfsry b and worthipped in the Habit of an elderly 
Matron fitting upon a-fquare Stone. c M. Marcellas 
dedicated a Temple to her; and hard by placed ano¬ 
ther, that was dedicated to Honour : The Temple of 
Virtue was the Paffage to the Temple of Honour .; by 
which was fignined, that by Virtue alone true Honour 
is attained. The Priefts facrificed to Honour with bare 
Heads, and we ufually uncover our Heads when-we 
fee honourable and worthy Men ; and fince Honour it- 
felf is valuable and eftimable, it is no Wonder if fuch 
E.efpe£l: is fhewn in celebrating its Sacrifices. 



" Ciccronis Qnzetz. Tufc. 2. b Auguft. a. de Civitate 

D . T • 1 * 

cj, c. io. c Liv. 1. 2 . 

* - 


SECT 




Of the Gods of the Heathens . 343 


SECT. III. Faith. 

JflD E S had a Xemple at Rome? near the Capitol? 

which a Numa Pomp Hi us (as it is faid) firft confe- 
crated to her. b Her Sacrifices were performed with¬ 
out Slaughter^ or Blood fpilt. The Heads and Hands 
of the Priefts were covered with a white Cloth when 
they facrificed ; becaufe Faith ought to be clofe and fecret. 
Virgil calls her c Cana Fides ; either from the Candour of 
. the Mindy from whenGe Fidelity proceeds ; or becaufe 
Faith is chiefly obferved by aged Perfons. The Symbol 
of this Goddefs was a white Dog , which is a faithful 
Creature. d Another Symbol of her was two Hands 
joined ; or two young Ladies flaking Hands . For, e by 
giving the Fight handy they engaged their Faith for their 
future Friend/hip . 




344 Of Gods of ihe Heathens. 

Rome. We have already related in what Manner ftops 
was left and preferred in the Bottom of Pandora's 
Box, 


SECT. V. Justice. 

‘^fZJftice was deferibed like a Virgin with a piercing 
f/ ftedfaft Eye, a fevere Brow, her Afpedf awful, 
noble, and venerable. Amongft the Egyptians , Alex¬ 
ander fays, that file has no Head j and that her Left- 
hand was ftretched forth and open* The Greeks called 
her Aftreea^ as v/e faid before. 


SECT. VI. Piety. 

/$TiliuS' i the Duumvir , dedicated a Chapel to this 
Goddcfs at Rome , in the Place where that Woman 
lived, who fed her Mother in the Prifon with the Milk 
of her Breafts. The Story is this : a The Mother was 
ploughed with Imprifomnent ; her Daughter , zvbo was an 
ordinary Woman, then gave Suck ; Jbe came to the Prifon 
frequently , and the Gaoler always fearched her , to fee that 
y he carried no Food to her Mother : At lajl Jhe was found 
giving Suck to her Mother with her Breafts . This extraor¬ 
dinary Piety of the Daughter gained the Mother's Freedom ; 
and they both were afterwards maintained at the Pub lick 
Charge , while they lived \ and the Place was confccrated to 
the Goddcfs Piety . There is a like Example in the b Gre- 
cian Hifiory, of a certain Woman, who by her Breads 
nourifhed Gymon , her aged Father, who was imprifoned j 
and fupported him with her ovvn Milk. 



Plin. Hiil. Nat. 1 . 7. c. 36. 
3 > 


b Valerius Maximus, 



d Liv . ?. 10. 

£ 

/ 


great 


346 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 

great Breach was made between them : Hereupon Vir¬ 
ginia ft rove by fome extraordinary Aflion So blot out 
the Difgrace which file had received ; and therefore file 
built a Chapel in the long Street where £he lived, and 
adorned it with an Altar ; to which (he invited the 
Plebeian Matrons, and complaining to them* that the 
Ladies of Quality had ufed her fo barbaroufly ; I dedi¬ 
cate? fays file, this Altar to Pudicitia Plebeia ; and I defire 
of you that you will as much adore Chaftity, as the Men do 
Honour ; that this Altar may be followed by purer and more 
chafe Notaries? than the Altar 0/Pudicitia Patricia* if it 
be pofifiible . Both thefe Altars were reverenced almoft 
with the fame Rites, and no Matron but of approved 
Chaftity, and who had been married but once, had 
Leave to facrilice here. It is, befides, faid in Hiftory, 
that the Women, who were contented with one Mar¬ 
riage, were ufually rewarded with a a Crown ofGhaJlity a 


a Corona pudicitia?, Val. Max. ft 2. de Jnfiitut. 

SECT. X. Truth. 

CJ^R. UP PI? the Mother of Virtue? b is painted in Gar- 
- 11 rnents, as white as Snow 5 her Looks are ferene, 
plea fant, courteous, chearful, and yet modeft ; fhe is 
the Pledge of all Konefty, Bulwark of Honour, the 
Light and Joy of human Society. c She is commonly 
accounted the Daughter of Pime and Saturn ; becaufe 
Truth is difeovered in the Courfe of Time : But Demo* 
alius feigns chat file lies hid in the Bottom of a Well. 


b * Philoft. in Heroic, & Amp. c Plut. in Quseft. 


* 


SECT, 



f Plut. inCimon. 2 Herod ot. I. 2. 


34 S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Ears of Corn in her Hands, and crowned‘with Olives 
and Laurel, or fometimes Rofes. Her particular Sym¬ 
bol was a Gaduceus, a white Staff, borne by Ambaffadors 
when they go to treat of Peace, 


SECT. XIV. Health. 

T H E. Gcddcfs Sains was fo much honoured by the 

Romans , that anciently feverai Holy-days were 
appointed in which they worfhipped her. a There was 
a Gate at Rc?ne called Porta faint arts , becaufe it was 
near to the Temple of Salus .. Her Image was the Fi¬ 
gure of a Woman fitting on a Throne, and holding & 
Bowl in her Right-hand. Hard by flood her Altar, a 
Snake twining round it, and lifted up his Head toward 
it. The Augurium Saint is- was heretofore celebrated in 
theTame Place; which was intermitted for fome Time, 
and renewed again by Augujlus . b It was a Kind of Di¬ 
vination, by which they begged Leave of the Gods 
that the People might pray for Peace ; as though it 
was unlawful to pray for it before they had Leave. A 
Day in every Year was fet apart for that Purpofe, upon 
which none of the Roman Armies might either march 
or engao-e. 


a Macrob. Saturn, i.c. 16. 
Idtian. Mifccl. c. 12. 


Dion. L 27. Aug. 


SJiCl 


XV. Fidelity 


HI S Goddefs alfo, a fays St. Aujrin , hath her Tern- 
.JL pie and her Altar, and fuitablc Sacrifices were 
performed to her. They represented her like a vene¬ 
rable Matron fitting upon a Throne, and holding a' u 
white Rod in her Right-hand, and a great Horn of 
plenty in her Left. 


* Auouft. de Civ. Dei, J* 4. c. iS 


b Caduceus. 

SECT, 



SECT. XVI. L ibertv, 

A S the Romans were, above all Things, careful of 

their Liberty, efpecially after the Expulfion of the 
Kings, when they fet themfelves at Liberty, a fo they 
built a Temple to Liberty, amongft the Number of their 
other Goddeffes . And Cicero tells us, that Clodius con— 
fecrated his Houfe to her. 


Lil. Gyrald. Sync. 


SECT. XVII 


M ONIY„ 



HEY invoiced Pecunia as a Goddefs, that they 
might be rich, and fo they worfhipped the God 
jEfculanus, and his Son Argentium, that they might 
have Plenty of Brafs and Silver: They efteem ed.j£f- 
culanus, the Father o f Argent inns, becaufe B rafs - Money 
was ufed before Silver . And 1 zvonder, b fays St. Au~ 
gujline , that Aurinus was not made a God after Argen- 
tin us, becaufe Silver Money zvas followed by Gold. To 
this Goddefs, Money, O how many apply their Devo¬ 
tions to this Day; what Vows do they make, and at 
what Altars do they importune, that they may fill their 
Coffers! If you have thofe Gods, c fays Menander, if you 
have Silver and Gold at Home, afe whatever you pleafe, 
you Jhall have it, the very Gods t he wjelves will be at your 
Service , 


b Miror autem quod Argentinus non genuit Aurinum,quia 
Sz aurea pecunia fubfecuta ed. Aug. de Civit. Dei, 1 . 4. c. 2 r, 
c Hos Deos Aurutn & Argentum fi clomi habeas, quicquid 
voles, roga, tibi omnia aderunt, ipfos habebis vel miniflrantes 
S)eos. Menander ap. Stob. or de laude auri. 


SECT. 


35 ° 



SECT. 


VIII. Mirth. 




if Tcurgus ridiculoufly creeled an Image amongft the 
:i Laccd(C?nomans , to the God Rifus, The The[[a~ 
lia? 7 s> of the City Hypata^ every Year lacrificed to this 
God, with great Jollity. 


a Plut. in Lycurgo. 

SECT. XIX. The Good Genius. 

nr 11 1 ~I I S GW, called b Bourn Genius , had a Temple 
A in the Way that leads to the Mountain Mrsnalus^ 
as fays Pattfanias. And, at the End of the Supper, 
they offered a Cup to him filled with.Wine and Water. 
Some fay that the Cup had more Water than Wine, 
others fay the contrary ; This Cup was called * c The 
Grace Cup . 


b Grtece ay a Oc? Sso?. 

Genii. 


c Viy^Ga Accit/Sj’.oq poculum boili 


C H A P. n. 

♦ 

SECT. I. The Vices, and Evil 

Deities. 


Call thofe Evil Deities which oppofe our Happinefs, 
S. and many Times do us Mi (chief. And fir ft, of 
the Vices to which Temples have been confecrated. 


SECT, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens. 


35 £ 

SECT. II. 

" A HAT Envy is a Goddefs , appears by the Con- 
JL feffion of Pallas 0 who owned that /he v/as aflifr- 
ed by her to In fc£i a young Lady, called ylglaurosy with 
her Poifon. Ovid defer! bcs the a Home where ;'he 
dwells, in very elegant Verfe, and afterwards gives a 
moE: beautiful Defcription of b Envy lierfelf. 


- n Protinus In-v idiot szigro fqualcutia fa bo 
d^efta petit: dc??ms efi i?nis in ajaUibus anlri 
slbdita> file c areas y nec ulli per'jicc asenio ; 

^Ttufi/Sy tdf ignaasi pleaifizma firigorisy Cff qua? 

Jgneajacetfesnper , caliginefewper abundet „ Ovid. Met. 1 . 2, 
r Then ftrait to Enrvy *s Cell lhe bends her Way, 

Which all with putrid Gore infedled lay ; 

Deep in a gloomy Cave’s obfeure Recefs, 

No Beams could e’er that horrid Maniion blc/s 5 
No Breeze e’er fann’d it ; but about it roll’d 
Eternal Woes, and ever lazy Cold: 

No Spark ihone there, but eve Halting Gloom 
Impenetrably dark obfeur’d the Room. 
h Pallor in ore fidety ?/:acics in ccrpore tcto 9 
Nufquean reft a aciesy liaseni rubigine denies 7 
Peft or a felle ajirenty lingua efi fujfifia ascacao 9 
Rijns a befiy niji que?n r oifi mon^ere Mores* 

Nec jriiitur fi.oino asigilantibus cxcita cur is, 

Sed videt bzgrato •, intabefiitque as idea do, 

Succejfus bozninum ; carpitque 13 carpitur unity 

SzifpliciuniqueJnum efi --• 

A deadly Palenefs in her CJieeks was feen. 

Her meagre Skeleton fcarce cas’d with Skin : 

o 4 " 

Her Looks awry; and everlafting Seoul 

•Sits on her Brows ; her Teeth deform’d and foul. 

Her Break had Gall, more than her Break could hold : 
Beneath her Tongue black Clots of Poifon roll’d : 

No Smiles e’er fmooth’d her furrow’d Brows, but thofc 
Which rife from common Miichiefs. Plagues, and Woes, 
Her liyes, mere Strangers to the Sweets of Sleep. 
D-evouring Spite for ever waking keep. 


Q T? C T 



3 5 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 

SECT. III. Contumely -and 

Impudence. 

H E S E two Flees were both adored by the a A- 
JL thenians; and particularly, it is faid, they were 
reprefented by a Partridge \ which is efteemed a very 
impudent Bird. 


She fees blcfs’d Men with vaft SucceiTes crown’d. 

Their Joys diftraft her, and their Glories wound : 

She kills abroad, herfelf’s con fam’d at Home, 

And her own Crimes are her perpetual Martyrdom. 
a Paufanias in Attic. Cic. z. de leg. Theophraftus de leg. 

SEC T. IV. Calumny. 

> r “|P ,s H E fame People erec?ced an Altar to Calumny . 

JL b Apelles painted her thus : c There fits a Man 
with great and open Ears, inviting Calumny, with his 
Hand held out, to come to him.: And two Women, 
Ignorance and Sufpicion , ftand near him. Calumny breaks 
out in a Fury \ her Countenance is comely and beau¬ 
tiful ; her Eyes fparkle like Fire, and her Face is in¬ 
flamed with Anger ; fhe holds a lighted Torch in her 

O 7 

Left Pland, and with her Right twills a young Man’s 
Neck, who holds up his Hands in Prayer to the Gods. 
Before her goes Envy pale and nafty: On her Side are 
Fraud and Confpiracy : Behind her follows Repentance, 
clad in Mourning, with her Cloaths Horn; who turns 
her Plead backward, as If (lie looked for Truth, who 
comes flowly after. 


b Idem apud Diogen. c Lucian, lib. de non temere 
credendis calumniis. 


SECT, 


Of the Gods of the Heathens* 


SECT. V< Fraud. 

X HIS Deity a wasdefcribed with an human Face, 

_ but a Serpent's Sody: In the End ot her Tail 

V/as a Scorpions’s Sting : She fwims through the River 
Cocytus , and nothing appears above Water but her 
Head. 



a Bocat. in Gen* Deox*. 


SECT. VI. Dire or Do 


P Etrordus Arbiter , where he treats of the Civil War 
betwixt Poinpey and Cafa>~* has given a ^beautitul 
Defcription ot the CJoddefs Difcordia . 


b Intremuere tubes, ac fcijfo Difcordia crine 
Extulzt ad/uperos Stygium caput. Hujus in ore 
Cone ret us Jdnguis contujaq ; lumina flebant j 
Stab ant as ratafcabrd rubigine dentes 
faboriingua Jlus/is; cljcjfa draccnibus ora ; 

Atq\ inter tor a laceratazn peStore e ueJlejn 9 
Sauguinea?n trcmula quatiebat lamp ad a dexira. 

The Trumpets found, and with a difnaal Yell 
WildDifcord riles from the Vale of Hell: 

From her {well'd Eyes there ran a briny Flood, 

And clotted Gore upon her Vifage flood: 

Around her Head Terpentine Elf-locks hung* 

And Streams of Blood flow’d from her fable Tongue 
Her tatter’d Cloaths her yellow Skin betray, 

(An Emblem of the Bread: on which they lay) . 
And brandifh’d Flames her trembling Hand obey. 



A a 


SECT. 


Of the Gods of the Heathens , 


SECT, VII, Fury. 


J/URY is defcribed fometimes chained, fometimes 
raging and revelling, with her Chains broke; but 
51 Virgil chufes to defcribe her bound in Chains, 
though b Petronius defcribes her at Liberty, unbound. 



—- Furor impius hit us 

Satva flcdens fuper arnu.g. & centum vindius abenis 

Pofl ter gum nod is, /remit borridus ore crucnto . ^En. 1* 

-Within fits impious War 

On curfed Arms, bound with a thoufand Chains, 

And horrid, with a bloody Mouth, complains. 

■.. . Furor , abrupt is , cat liber , habenis 

Sanguine um late tollh caput; craque mille 
Vaineribns confojfa cruenta caffide vclat* 

Htzret detritus lava: Mavortius umbo 

4 

Innumcrabilibus tel is gravis , atq; flagranti 
Stipite dextra minax tends incendia port at, 

Diforder’d Rage, from brazen Fetters freed, 

Afcends to Earth with an impetuous Speed: 

Her wounded Face a bloody Helmet hides* 

And her Left -\rm a batter’d Target guides : 

Red Brands of Fire, fupportedin her Right, 

The impious World with Flames and Ruin fright. 


SECT. VIII. Fame. 

c jyAiifanias and Plutarch fay, that there were Tem- 

pj es alfo dedicated to Fame . c She is finely and 

delicately defcribed by Virgil , which Defcription I will 

put 


c Paufanias in Atticis. d Pint, in Camillo, 
c Fama> malum quo non edited velocitts zdlum, 

Mo bill t ate viget , vire/q; acquirit eundo • 

Parva metu primo ; mox fefe attollit in auras,, 
Ingrediturque folo , & caput inter tiubila condit » 



p\it at the End of this Section to fave you the Trou¬ 
ble of confulting the Book, though it is common 5 and 
itdeferves not only to be remembered, but tranfcribed 
into all Books as there is Occafion. 



Ill am Terra parens , irritata Deornm 
Extremam, ut per hi bent , C&o Enccladoqne fororem 
Progenuit, pedibus celerem Zd pcrnicibus alii : 

Monflrutn -b or rend 11772, ingens, cut quot funt cor pore plutn&s 
Tot vigiles ocidi fubter , mirabile didiu / 

Tot. lingitee, totidem ora fonasit, tot fubrigit aureSk, 

Nodie uolat cceli medio, terratque per umbram > 

Stridens, 71 ec didci decli? 7 at lumina fomno • 

Luce fledet cuflns aut fianmi cuhnzne te£ii$ 

Turribus aut alt is, td rnagnas t errit at urbes , 

Ta?n fldii praviq; tenax , quam n unci a <veri. lEn, 

Fa?ne , the great Til, from fmall Beginnings grows. 

Swift from the firft, and ev’ry Moment brings 
New Vigour to her Flights, new Pinions to her Wings* 
Soon grows the Pigmy to gigantick Size, 

Her Feet on Earth, her Forehead in the Skies* 

Enrag’d againft the Gods, revengeful Earth, 

Produc’d herlaft of the Tita?2ian Birth. 

Swift is her Walk, more fwift her winged Hafte» 

A monftrous Phantom, horrible and vail: 

As many Plumes as raife her lofty Flight, 

So many piercing Eyes enlarge her Sight: 

Millions of op’ning Mouths to Fame belong. 

And ev'ry Mouth is furmih’d with a Tongue, 

And round with lill'ning Ears the flying Plague is hung. 

She fills the peaceful Univerfe with Cries; 

No Slumbers ever clofe her wakeful Eyes : 

By Day from lofty Tow’rs her Head The Thews, 

And Tpreads thro’ trembling Crouds difaftrous News* 
With Court-Informers haunts, and Royal Spies, 

Things done relates, not done The feigns, and mingles Truth 

with Lyes. 

Talk is her BuTinefs, and her chief Delight 
To tell of Prodigies, and caufe Affright, 



A a 2 


SFCL 



35 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 


S E C T. IX. Fortune. 

W HY was Fortune made a Gcddefs, fays a St. An - 

gujVine , fince flic comes to the cW cwi the Bad 
without cmy "judgment? She is fo blind, that without 
Diilin< 5 iion file runs to rny-body ; and many tim Mhe 
-paths by tiiofe that admire her, and flicks to ihufcmat 
defpife her : ho that 6 "fuvenal had P eafon >c fpeak in 
the Manner he does to her. Yet the Tempi us that 
have been confecrated to her, and the Names which 
{lie has had, are innumerable •> the chief of them I 
will point out to you. 

She was Ailed A urea- or Renin Fortuna ; and c an 

_ _ _ s O * 

Image of her fo {filed was ufually kept in the Em¬ 

peror’s Chamber, and when one died, it was removed to 
the Palace of his S needier. 

She was worfhipped in the Capitol under the ,l Title 
of Bona 5 and in the Efquilia under the Title of Mala. 

Servius Fullus had in his Court a Chapel dedicated 
to c Fortuna Barbata : She was called Brevis , or Parva , 
in the fame Place. 

She is alfo called Caeca., Blind. Neither is Hie only, 
fays f Cicero , blind herfelf, but file many times makes 
thofe blind that enjoy her. 

In fome Infcriptions {lie is called s Confervatrix. 
The Praetor Fubuius Fla ecus , in Spain , when the 

laft Battle was fought with the Ccltiberi , vowed a 


a Aug. de Civit. 1 . I. c. i 8. 

b Nullum numen abejl fzJit prudentia ; fed te 

Nos facitnusy Fortuna , Deam , cccloque localities* Sat. 20. 

Fortune is never worth?pp\l by the Wife, 

But (he, by Fools fet up, ufurps the Skies. 
c Spart. in Severo. Gyr. Syntagm. 15. d Plin. Sc Cic. 
e Plut. in QuasfL f Dc Aniicitia. s Ap. Gyr. Synt. 15. 

"Chapel 












































































































































Of the Gods of the Ueathe?2s* 


357 


Chapel to a Fortune Equcflris, becaufe he in the Battle 
commanded the Bridles to be taken offthe Horfes, that 
they might run upon the Enemy with the greater Force*, 
and V io.enee, wherebv he got the Victory. 

Fr*r< Fortuna , or •' Fo'tzs Fortune- was another of her 
Names ; and ille was worshipped by thofe who lived 
without any Art or Care at ail. 

She had a Chape! near the Temple of Venus , where 
five was ‘jailed c .afoula, and d Pirilis Mafculina . 

She was called c AJulicbris , becaafe the Mother and 
the Wife of Coriolanu f faved the City of Home, And 
when her Im.ire was confecrated in their Prefence, f it 

l 

fpoke thefe Words twice. Ladles , y^z/ dedicated me 
as you fhould do, z Yet it was not lawful for all Matrons 
to touch this Image, but for thofe only who had not 
been married twice. 

Ma?nmofa , either from her Shape, or becaufe fine 
fupplics us with Plenty. 

Semins Tull us dedicated a Temple to For tuna Obfe- 
queasy - becaufe fhc obeys the Wifhes of Men. The 
fame Prince wonhipped her, and built her Chapels, 
where fhe was called by thefe following Titles : 

Pvmigeuia , J ‘ becaufe both the City and the Empire 
received their Origin from her. 

Privata , or 1 1 Propria: She had a Chapel in the 
Court, which that Prince ufej fo familiarly, that fhe 
was thought to go down through a little Window 
into Ills Houle. 

Pier Temple at Preenejie^ k from whence fhe was 
called Prcenejlina , was more famous and notable than 


a Vide Livium, 1 . 41, 42. b Confide enndem Livium, 
h 27. c Plutarch de Port. Roman. <l Ovid. Fad or. 1 . 4. 
c Dion. 1 . 8. f Rite me, Matrons, dedicates. Auguten. 
1. 4. c. 19. Val. Max. 1 . 2. c. 8. s Serv. 1114. JEn eid. 
8. h Plutarch. 1 Ibid. k Liv, 1 . 52. Sueton. in Domic, 
c, 15. 


A a 3 


ali 


35 8 


Of the Gods of the Jleathens 


^11 the reft, becaufe very true Oracles were uttered 
there. 

JDomitia?! confecrated a Chapel to a . Fortuna Re dux. 

In ancient Infcriptions fhe is named b Stata . 

To c Virgo Fortuna the little Coats of the young 
Girls were prefented. 

Laftly, fhe was called d Vifcata or Vifcofa , becaufe we 
#re caught by her as Birds are with Bird-Lime 5 in 
which Senfe Seneca fays, c Kindnejfes are 


a Mart. 1 . 8. b A pud. Gyrald. c Arnobius 2. adver- 
fus Gentes. tl Plutarch, in Quccft. c Beneficia funt vif¬ 
cofa. Seneca de Beneficiis. 

- • « • 


SECT. X. The Fever. 

TpEbris (the Fever) had her Altars and Temples in 
the Palace. f She was worfhipped that fhe fhould 
not hurt: And for the fame Reafon they worfhipped 
all the other Gods and Goddefles of this Kind. 

Fear and Palettef$ were fuppofed to be Gods, £ and 
worfhipped by Tullus Hoftilius , h when in the Battle 
betwixt the Romans and the Vejentes it was told him, 
that the Albans had revolted, and the Romans grew a r 
fraid and pale ; for, in this doubtful Conjecture, he 
yowed a Temple to Pallor and Pavor . 

The People of Gadara 1 made Poverty and Art God- 
defles, becaufe the $rjl whets the Wit for the Difcovery 

of the other, 

> * * 

NeceJJity and Violence had their Chapel upon the Aero- 
<Corinthus , but it was a Crime to enter into it. 

j&f. H/larcelUnas dedicated a Chapel to Fempe/las , 

1 i n* in anw■■i in [ ■wi—iT‘imipr.cT»*i aa» wpcm —— 

* • " 

f Cic. 3, de Nat. & 2, de Leg. £ Auguftin. 1 . 4. c» 18. 
r Liv. 1 . i. 1 Arrian apud Gyr. Syntagm. 4. 

• With- 


Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 



without the Gate of Capena , after he had efcaped a fevere 
Tempeft in a Voyage into the Ifland of Sicily . 


S E C To XI. SfLENCE. 

B OTH the Romans and ^Egyptians worfhipped the 
Gods and Goddefles of Silence . The Latins parti¬ 
cularly worfhipped a Angeronia and Tacita , whofe Image 
(they fay) flood upon the Altar of the Goddefs Volupia 
with its Mouth tied up and fealed, b becaufe they, who 
endure their Cares with Silence and Patience , do by that 
Means procure to themfelves the greateft Pleafure. . 

The Egyptians worfhipped Harpocratis , as the God of 
Silence , c after the Death of O/iris . He was the Son of 
IJis. They offered the Firft-Fruits of the Lentils and 
Pulfe to him. They confecrated the Tree Perfect to 
him, becaufe the Leaves of it werefhaped like a Tongue, 
and the Fruit like an Heart. Fie was painted naked, 
and the Figure of the Boy, crowned with an Egyptian 
Mitre, which ended at the Points as it were in two 
Buds : He held in his Left-hand a Horn of Plenty, 
whilft a Finger in his Right-hand was upon his Lip, 
thereby commanding Silence . 

And therefore I fay no more; neither can I bettcrbe 
filent, than when a God commands.me to be fo : Not- 
■withflanding I am not fo careful of the Direction or the 
vain Commands of thissm/te God , this pi ecus puer^ pitchy 
Youth (as Martianus calls him, becaufe the Complexion 
of the Egyptians is black) but as there is a Time to fpeak , 
fo there is a Tune to hold one's Peaces as we are affined 
by the Mouth of the Wife Man from that one and true 


a MacrobiusSat. Plut.In Numa. Plin. 1 . 3. b Quod qul 
fuosangores (unde Angeroniadidla ell) aequo animoferunt, 
peryeniunt ad jnaximam yoluptatem. c Epiph. 3 contra 
‘Sbferejes* 

God* 


A a 4 


360 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 

Gad, who fpeaks once for. an .Eternity* and in one 
Word exprefies all "Things 5 whereas how little have 
I expvefTed all this "Time in a Multitude of Words? 
Plow vain have I been, and troublefome to you, Palteo « 
pbrlus P M v long, idle, and unfkilful Difcourfes have 
been very tedious and troublefome to you 5 1 acknow-. 
ledge my Fault, and (hall fay no more for Shame. 

P. But I muft not be filent ; for, deareft Sir, your 
extraordinary Civility tome, as well as your great Merit, 
commands meat all Times and Places to fpeak and write 
of you with Honour, to exprefs my Gratitude as much 
as I can that Way* if I am not fo able to do it in ano¬ 
ther* 



A N 




ters contained in this Book* 


A 


Abfyrius torn to Ficces by Ills Sifter Medea 
Achelous , turns himlelf into a Serpent, then, i 


a 


A Be on a. or Adeona, was a guardian Goddefs to grown 

Perfons Page 290 

305 

into a Bull ; in 

which Shape lie is conquered by Hercules 
Acheron 1 one of the infernal Rivers 24S 

Achilles , his Birth, 329- And Education, ibid. Invulnera¬ 
ble, fave only - in the Foot, ibid. Hid by his Mother to 
prevent his going to Broy, and difeovered by Ulyjfes , 330 
Kills Keeior, and is himfelf killed by Baris ib.d . 

Acidalia , one of the Titles of Fenus 112 

Aconitum , Wolf-bane, grew ftrft out of the Vomit of Cer¬ 
berus 300 

Aftaeon, turned into a Deer by Diana , and torn in Pieces 
by his oun Dogs 21S 

Adonis, Fenus's Gallant, killed by a Boar, and by Fenus 
turned into the Flower of Ane??ione 126 

Adraflcea , the lame with. Nemejts , one of the Goddeftes of 
Juftice. 195 

Adfcriptitii Dii, Gods of the lower Rank and Dignity 7 
Abacus, one of the infernal Judges 

Abcajlor, 




INDEX. 


9 0 

JEcaftor, an Oath only ufed by Women, as Hercle was ufed 
only by Men 3 j j 

JEdspol , an Oath ufecl both by Men and Women 

265 



*0//- one of the Giants 



'igcusy drowns himfelf in the Sea, which from him was 
aftez wards called the JEgnan Sea ‘ 306 

SEgis, Jupiter's Shield, described 13 

wEgina, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of Fire 15 
Sidle, cne of the Harpyes 271 


Aeolus, the God of tlie Winds 


164 


JEfcklapiitSy his Birth, Education, and wondeful Shill in 
1 hy£c, ref ores the Dead to Life, 3 17. Jupiter , on Plu¬ 
to's Complaint, firikes him dead with Thunder, 318, He 
is vvorihipped as a God, ibid. His Children 319 

sEJidatuis, c• n e of the G ods of Weal th 349 

'on, the Father *. f Jafr.n ; when very old and decrepid, 
reflored to Y. nth by Medea 305- 

AEta, the Father of Medea, and King* of Colchis ibid\ 

Aft hr a, the Wife of Sirius 324 

JEtnarusy one of the Titles of Vulcan . 157 

Agamemnon > chof.n General againll fTroy ; at his Return 
murdered by his Wife Clytemncjira 3 12 

Aganippe, and Aganippides , the common Names of the Mu- 
fes, 19 r. Nymphs of P/.arbus 224 

Agcncria, a guardian Goddels to adult Perfons 290 

Agelajlus , and Agjlh.us, Names of Pluto 252 

Aglaia , one of the Graces 123 

Agrevus, one of the Names of Arift&us 207 

Ajax, kills himfclf, and hfs Blood is turned into Violets 332 
At as Lccutiusy a tutelar God to adult Perfons 
Allien, a Giant killed by ifev/z/tv ' 301 

Ale ides , one of the Names cf Hercules 296 

Akitboc , t u rn ed in to a B a t 70 

Alanena, deceived by Jupiter , who tran s formed himfelf into 
the Shape of her Hufband Amphytrion 15 

Alccioy one cf the Furies 2^9 

Ale dry on turned into a Cock 82 

and Alumnus, Titles of Jupiter, 23- Alma Mater, and 
Altnxy Titles of Ceres " 182 

Alocusy one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven' 265 
Alp locus, attempts Diana, but is di fapp ointed 21& 

Afiakh&a *s Horn d eferibed ' 13, 302 

Amazot/s, 



Aim us y 



I N D E X.- 


iS 
of his 
ibid . 
232 

3 1 5 . 
86 

291 

359 

301 
124 


287 


Amazons, Military Women, defcribed, 307, Subdued by 
Hercules , 299. Andby Vhefeits 307 

Amberualia. Sacrifices offered to 186 

Ambrujia, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

Arnica, Aphrodite, Aphroditisy Anadyomene, it2. Apaluria, 
iji, Artnata , no. AJlarte, Names and Titles of Venus 

1 1 1 

Amnion, or Hammon, one of Jupiter *s Nnines 
Amphio?i, builds the Walls of 'Thebes by the Mafic 
Harp, 328. This Fable explained 
Amphy trite, Neptune ’s Wife 

Andromeda, deliver’d by Perfcus from a Sea-Monfier 
An cilia, holy Shields kept in the Temple of Mars 
Angcrcna, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
Angeronia, one of the Goddefles of Silence 
Antaeus, a Giant overcome by Hercules 
Ant eras, one of the Names of Cupid 
Ant evert a, Pojlverta, Prorja, Prof a , or Porrima, a tutelar 
Goddefs to Women in Labour 
Ant hi a, and Argiva, Titles of Juno 91 

Antiope , debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of a Satyr 15 
Auubis, an ^Egyptian God with a Dog’s Head 336 

Aonides, the Mufes fo called . 192 

Apaturia , a Title of Venus, ill, Feflivals folemnly kept in 
Honour of Bacchus, called alfo Ambrofa and Afcolia 63 
Apis, a God worshipped by the ^Egyptians under the Shape 
'of an Ox, 336. A Defcription of him 33 9 

Apcilo, his Image deferibed, 29. His Parentage, 30. Place 
of Birth, and admirable Endowments, 3 1. His memora¬ 
ble Actions, ibid . What was meant by the Fable o SApdlo 

f 4* 

Arachne, turned into a Spider by Minerva 103 

Arcs , Mars fo called by the Greeks 80 

Areopagus Mars’s Hill, fo called, becaufe Mars was there 
tried for Inceft and Murder, 80. Capital Crimes always 
tried there. ibid, 

Areopagitcs, Judges of the greatefi Integrity ibid . 

Arethuja, one of Diana’s Nymphs courted by A Ip he us, 223*. 
Difcovers to Ceres , that Pluto carried away Proferpins , 
255. Is turned into a Fountain whofe Water mixes 
with the Stream of the River Alpheus in Sicily ibid\ 

Argiva, one of the Names of Juno 9 1 

Argonauts, 



INDEX. 


Argonauts, Jafons Companions, that went .with him to 
fetch the golden Fierce ' 304 

Urgenthit's, one of the Gods of Wealth 349“ 

Argus, font L y j ana to keep lo, 89. Is killed by Mercury, 
and afterwards by Jrtxo turned into a Peacock 90 

Ariadne, married to Pbcfeus , and afterwards to Bacchus by 
whom fhe was made a Conllellarion 307 

Aricn, an admirable Mufician, robbed and thrown into the 
Sea, 5 28. Carried fafe to Land on the Back of aDol- 
phi 11 • ‘ 

Arijratus, one of the rural Gods 
Armata, a Title of Fcnus ' 

Art, v/orfhipped as a Goddeis 
Afcal ap, r :us, turned into an Owl 

Games in Honour of Bacchus 
hjteria, carried away by Jupiter, in tire Shape of an 


Afcolt a. 


ibid, 

207 

I IO 

353 

256 

68 


Eagle 

16 


Aft crete, one of the Daughters of At/as 3 74 

AJirata, the''Princeis of juiticc 193, 344 

Atalauta, and Hippomems, two nnfortunate Lovers, • their 
Hiitory, 1 o. Are both turned into Lions * 120 

Athena, one of the Names of /> liners a 99 

Albania** murders his own Son search us '238 

Atlas, fuflainsthe Heavens on his Shoulders, 323. Is re- 


His 


lieved b y Hercules, who holds them for him, it id. 
Parentage, ibid . His Children, 324. Is turned into a 
Stone by Pcrfcus, ibid. The Meaning of this Fable, ibid, 
Aire ts, kills and feeds upon his own Child , 269 

Atrop:s, one of the Fates 2 -; 8 

Atys. Attcs, or At.lines, a .Favourite of Cybde, emafculates 
himieli* 176 

Atys, the Son of Crcejhs, born dumb, and reflored to his 
Speech by a Fright ibid . 

A~aern:is, a Lake or the Borders of Hell 246 

A^v err uncus, a tutelar God to adult Perfcns 291 

Anyas, his Stable contains three-thou fund Oxen, and yet 
ckanfed in one Day by Hercules 299 

A’AJhipcr, one of the Titles of Priapus 206 

A urea, a Title of Fortune ~ 356 

Aurora , Her Defcription, 133. Her Tefcent, 134. Car¬ 
ries Cephalus and Pit bonus into Heaven ibid, 

Autolycus, a ir.cit notorious Thief , 215 

B. Baal, 



INDEX 


B. 


4 6 


r- fa 
$ 6 


TgAal? Beel, Beelphegor? BeeM.tlub? Bclscemen, Belas? Names 
of '/opt ter • iq 

Babylon? the Walls of it, one of the feven Wonders of 

the World 

Bacchus, his Image defcrihcd, 57. His Birth, 59. His fe- 
verai Names, 6*. His Exploits, 6.{. r i he lev-end Sa¬ 
crifices offered to him, 66. The hiltorical Meaning of the 
Fable cf Bacchus, 70. The moral Scnieof it 73 

Bacchanal i , .fiivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 

Bacchev , P nolle lies of Bacchus? 67. Nymphs of Bcccbas 

225 

Barbata , one of the Titles cf Venus, ill. And one of ths 
Titles ot Fortuuci 
BaJJiirides , Nymphs of Bacchus 

Bat/us? tui ned by Mercury into a Stone called Index 
B Aides? fifty Daughters of Danaus? who all except one killed 
their Huibands on the Wedding-Night, 268. The Pu- 
niftmient they fuffer for it in ficll ibid. 

Better c.pbon? his Parentage and admirable Chafllty, 316. Ex¬ 
po led for it to m.'iiw Dangers, which he tfcaj.cs from, 
316. Catches P y.. s. -ir.d on his BaHc deitroys the Chi- 
nicer a 9 for which King , abates gives -d n his .Daughter ia 
Marriage, ibid. Thi : Suctefs makes ni n vain and inlb- 
lent, lor which J.-.pitn lurikes him with Mad fiefs, in which, 
xniferable Londitijn he dies ibid* 

Bell ropboPs Litters, 10:10 which any IkJnn carries to his 
o w 11 Prc-j ud icc 336 

BdUrus> King of Corinth s killed by Bt tth-ropbon 31 

Beliicuy a Pi 11 a befoic the Temple of Bellows? over whic 
the Herald throws a 6 pear when, he procl.r’ms War 78 
Bettona , the Goddefs of War, 77. t:erOif. cs chid, 

BAus, King o 1 .'Ijjp'i a? the frit to whom an Ido 1 , was fet op 
and worihipped, 3. One of the Names of 'Jupiter E9 
Bcneficium , worihipped by the JEihiopiuns 292 

Berecynthia Muter? one of the Titles oi Cybele iyi 

Berg ion, a Hi ant flam by Hcrcu ! es 30? 

Biblis , tails in love wkh her Brother Conans? 56. Fines 
away for Grief, dies and is turned into a Fountain 51 
Biceps? and Bzfrons? two Names of Janus 149 

B [forum* 



INDEX, 


Bijormrs, Bripeus, Bromius, Bimeter , Bimator, and Eugenes, 
Names of Bacchus 6 i 

of Erymantbia , tamed by Hercules 2 99 

Bolina, a Nymph, drowns herfeJf, but is afterwards made 
immortal 34 

Bona Dea, one of the Titles of Cybele, 173* And of Far- 

356 

Bonus Daemon, one of the Titles of Priapus 206 

Briareus, one of the Giants that warr’d ao-ainft Heaven 

265 

Brevis, one of the Titles of Fortune ' 356 

Brtmo, and Bubajlis , Names of Hecate or Diana 214 

Britomartis, made a Goddefs 215 

Brovtaios , one of Jupiter 's Titles 25 

Brum a, one of the Names of Bacchus 68 

Brumalia, Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus ibid. 

Bubona, a Deity prefiding over Oxen 228 

Bull, of a prodigious Size and Fiercenefs, tamed by Hercules 

299 

Bulla , a golden Ornament worn about the Necks of the 
Homan Youth • 280 

Bunaea, one of Juno's Names 91 

Bujiris , a cruel Tyrant, that offered human Sacrifices to his 
Father Neptune , killed by Hercules, and facrificed to Nep¬ 
tune 3 QI 

C. 

f^Nbiri, PrieHs of Cybele 
^ CabaUinus Fons, the Mules Spring 


177 

- - .315 

Cacus, the Son of Vulcan , 159. Proves a moll notorious 

Robber, and is killed by Hercules 302 

Cadmus, banilhed, 17. Builds the City of Thebes, invents 
the greateft Part of the Greek Alphabet; fovvs the Teeth 
of a Dragon in the Ground, from whence armed Men 
fpring up ; marries Hermioiie ; both he and Hie are turned 
into Serpents, 18. The Meaning of this Fable ibid . 

Caduceus, Mercury's Wand, defcribed 

Caeca, one of the Titles of Fortuna 
C<£culus, a Robber, Vulcan's Son 
Cam is, a Woman that turned herfelf into a Man 
Calendar is, Caprotina, Citheronia , Curts , Curiiis, and Cinxia , 
Names and Titles of Juno 91, 92 

Cali/lo, debauched by Jupiter under the Shape of Diana , 15. 

Turned 


54 

356 

160 

236 



INDEX. 


Turned into a Bear* and makes a ConfieXlation 1 6 
Calliope, one of die Mules iSg 

Calumny, worlhipped as a Goddefs 352 

Ca?nbyjes , punifhed for wounding Apis with his Sword 340 
Camillas, Ca/millus, or Cadmillus, one of the Names of 
Mercury 52 

Cami Hi, and Camilla , all Boys and Girls under Age io 
called ibid, 

Catncsna, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 2SB 

Canephoria, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 6S 

Canes, a Name of the Furies 259 

Canopus, one of t \iz ^Egyptian Gods, fights with Ignis, the 
God of the Chaldeans, and vanquifhes him 239 

Cantharus, Silenus's Jug, deferibed - 203 

Capiiolinus, a Tide of Jupiter 29 

Cardua, an Houfhold Goddefs 277 

Carmenta (one of them) the fame with Themis, 1-93, Ano¬ 
ther, a famous Prophetcfs of Rome ibid'* 

Carna, or Carnea , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
CaJ/lope , or CaJJiopeia, made a Conilellation 315 

Cajlalides , the Mufes fo called 19 1 

Cajlor and Pollux, Twins, their Birth, 3C9. Their Asians, 
310. Share Immortality between them, ibid . Are made 
the Conilellation Gemini ibid* 

Catius, a tutelar God to adult Perfbns 292 

CeLeno, one of the Harpyes, 271. And one of the Daugh¬ 
ters of Atlas 324 

Celejlial Gods, thofe of the higheft Dignity, 6. Celeiliai 
Nymphs 223 

Centaurs , half Men and half Ilorfes, 270. Overcome by 
Thefeus 307 

Centipeda, one of the Titles of Jupiter 23 

Cephalus , carried by Aurora into Heaven, 134. Marries 
Procris, ibid. Kills her unawares 
Ceraunius , one of the Titles of yupiter 20 

Cerberus, a Dcfcription of him, 249. Conquer'd and brought 
up from Hell by Hercules 300 

Ceres , her Image deferibed, 178. The ufeful Arts fhe taught 
Men 180 

Chalcea, Feflivals in .Honour of Vulcan „ 157 

Charites, the three Graces, their Defcent, 123. ADefcrip- 
tion of them 12 6 

Charybdis 


J 5 r- 
1 :>> 



1 


INDEX. 


Charybdis , a ravenous 'Woman/turned Into a G ulph, 243* 
The Meaning- of this Fable ibid* 

Charon, the Ferry-Man of Hell, a Defcription of him, 217. 

His Office , ibid • 

Cbapity, worshipped as a Goddefs, 343 

Chimera, a ft range Monfter, defcribed, 272. Killed b yEel- 
leropbon, 272, and 316. The Meaning t of the Fable of 
the Chim ( era ibid. 

« V 

Chiom , contemns Diana s Beauty, and is therefore (hot thro* 
die "l ongue 213 

Cblorisy married to Zephyrus 219 

Chiron, the Centaur, his Parentage, is excellently Culled in 
Fhyfic, 317. Teaches this Art to JE/cuuipius , 319. 

Appointed Tutor to Achilles, ibid . Wounded by one of 

Hercules's Arrows, and dies of his Wouiui, ibid. Trans¬ 
lated into the Heavens, and made the Conltellation Sa?it- 
tar ins ibid • 

Circe, a very famous Sorcerefs, baniflied for poiToning her 
Hufband, 49, Falls in Love with Glaucus , and turns her 
Rival Scylla into a Sea-Monfter, Turns the Com¬ 

panions of UlyJJes into Bealls, and re (loses them again to 
their former Shapes, ibid . The Meaning of this Fable, 

Cit beer ides, or Cither iades, the Mules fo called 191 

Claucina , one of the Names of Venus 111 

Claviger , one of the Tides of Janas, 150. Andof/Ar- 

297 

Clavjius , or Clujitts , one of the Names of Janus 151 

Clemency, worfhipped as a Goddefs 345 

C/W, one of the Mules 189 

Chtie , turned into a Sun-flower 

Clot ho, one of the Fates 238 

Clowns of Lycia , turned into Frogs by Catena, for muddying 
the Water while (he was drinking . 52 

Clyiemneftra , kills her Hulband Agamemnon, and L killed by 
her Son Qrejles 1 3 

Ciytoris, aefiowe:ed by Jupiter in the Shape of an Ant 1 5 
Cocytus , one of the Infernal Rivers 249 

Collina , the God of the Hills 228 

Colofliis of Rhodes, one of the (even Wonders of the World, 
defcribed 43 

Compitahtii, Compitalitia, or Compitalia, Games in Honour 
of the Lares, or Houihold-Cods 280 

Complices* 


3 S 

r 

> 



index; 


Complices Dii, Houlhold-Gods-. 278 

Concord , worfhipped as a Goddefs 347 

Covfentes Dii, Superior Gods, 7. Alfo the Houfhold-Gods 

271 

Confers a tor, one of Jupiter 's Tides 24 

Conjerrvatrix, one of the Titles of Fortune 356 

Gonfus, one of the Names of Neptune , to uhofe Honour 
Games were folemnizcd, called Cafuaha, 2 3. Alfo a 
tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfbns 291 

Contumely, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 

Cor ones , one of the Daughters of Atlas 304 

Cortina * the fame with the Tripos in the Temple of Apollo at 
Delphi s , 39 

Cronia, Feftivals in Honour of Saturn 143 

Cunia, and Ccir??ienta, tutelar GoddefTesto new-born Infants 

28S 

Cupid, His Defcent, 123. Two different Cupids mentioned 
by the Poets, IZ4. His mighty Power, tho’ a Boy ibid. 
Curetes, Corybantes, and Ccibiri , Priefls of Cybete 177, 178 
Cujlos, one of the Titles of Jupiter 19 

Cybele, a Dcfcription of her Image, 170. Her Names, 
171. Her Sacrifices, 176. Her Priefts 177 

Cyclops, the Servants of Vulcan, 1 82. Defiroyed by Apollo 32 
Cylhnius, one of the Names of Mercury , 56 

Cynthius, one of Apollo's Titles , • 36 

Cyparlffus 9 2Lvery beautiful Youth turned into a Cyprefs-Tree 

. . . 33 * 20 3 

Cypris , Cypria , Cyprogenia, Cythcris, Cytherea, and Calvet , 
Names of Venus ill 

C>r//Ps Palace, one of the feven Wonders of the World 46 




Z> 


JEdalus, a famous Artificer, an Account of his Inven¬ 
tions, 30. Is (hut up in the Labyrinth, but flies out 


of it with artificial Wino-s 


46 


Daemon Bonus, Ditbyrambus, Dionyjius, DionyJns, Names of 
Bacchus 5 2 

Daemon Bonus, one of the Titles of Priapus zoo 

Danae, corrupted by Jupiter, in the form of a Golden Show¬ 
er, 14, 314. Afterwards married to King Pilwnnus ibid. 
Danaides , fifty Daughteis of Danaus , punifhed in Hell for 

fi b kill in 3* 



INDEX 


264, 

34 

III 

261 

258 

303 


killing their Hufbands on the Wedding-Night 
Daphne, turned into a Laurel 
Dea Syria, one of the Titles of Venus 
Death . worlhipped as a Goddefs ; its Delcription 
Dearxa, one of the Fates 

Detanira, the Wife of Hercules , occafions his Death 
Delius y DeiphicuSy Delpfjzna?us y D-idym&uSy Names of Apollo 37 
Delosy at firll a Woman, then a floating lfland r afterwards a 
fixed one, called alfo Or/ygia I 30 

Deucalion, King of ? Tbeffaly , reflores the Race of Mankind 
deflroyed by a Deluge, 367. The Meaning of this Fable 

ibid. 

♦ 

Deverra, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women ■ 2S6 

Diana, her Image deferibed, 209. The fame with the 
Moon, 210. Her Temple at Epbefus, one of the feven 
Wonders of the World, 45, One of the Nuptial God- 
defles 284 

Diana Lucina , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
Diana ^Taurica , a Goddefs to whom Men and Women were 
offered in Sacrifice 

Diftynna , one of the Names of Diana 
Dies , and Dijpiter, Names of Jupiter 
Dii majormn Gentium , the fuperior Deities 


DU tni norum Gentium , the fubordina'ce Deities 


7 


3 I 3 

215 

22 

7 

277 


Z)« bidigetesy and Adfcriptitii, Gods that once were Men 


7, 294 


Dii Funerutn , the Gods prefiding over the Dead 293 

Dindytnene, and Dindyme , Names of Cybele lyz 

Diomcdesy a Tyrant of Tihrace, fabdued by Hercules , and given 
for Food to his Horfes 299 

Dionyjiusy or Dionyfus , Names of Bacchus bz 

Diony/fct x Feflivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 

Dir#, the Names of the Furies 252 

jEXV, one of the Names of Pluto 251 

Difcordy worlhipped as a Goddefs 353 

^Dodonads Grove 20 

Dodoneusy a Name of Jupiter ibid * 

Delius, a Name of Mercury 57 

Dossiiduca, one of the Titles of Juno 284 

DorniducuSy and Domitius , two of the Nuptial Gods ibid . 

Domina or Defpowa , one of the Titles of Proferpine 254 
Doris, a Sea-Nymph 224. 


Dreams, by what Paffage falfe ones, and by what Ways true 

ones 



I N D E 


X. 


ones are conveyed to Men 
Druids, Priefls among the Gauls 
Dryades, Nymphs of the Woods 

E, 


262 

224 

223 


TpCHQ , debauched by Pan, 199. 

JP-j of Narci/Tus 


Pines away for Love 

226 


Educa , or Edufa , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born In¬ 


fants 289 

Egeria , one of Juno's Titles, 92. Alfo a tutelar Goddefs to 
Women in Labour 287 

EleSira , one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

Elicius, a Name of “Jupiter 20 

Et'eus, Elcleus , Eleutberius, Names of Bacchus 63, 64 

Eloides , Nymphs of Bacchus 225 

Eleujinia, one of the Names of Ceres, 1S5. Majcra , Sacri¬ 
fices to Ceres ; Minora to Proferpina ibid. 

Ehjian Fields, deferibed 275 

Empuftc, the Gorgons , a Dcfcription of them 272 

Endy/nion, a Gallant to the Mcov - 213 

En vy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 351 

Enialius , one of the 'I itles of Mtw 81 

Epbialtes, one of the Giants that warred againfl Heaven 265 
Epiltvuea, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 67 

Epiflrophia, a Name of* Venus 114 

Eqttejlris, one of the Titles of Fortune 357 

Erato , one of the Mufcs 189 

Ergatis , one of the Names of Minerva 102 


Erichthoneus , Erichlheus, or Ericbibonicus, the Son of Vulcart 


K7 

Erifiebtbon, punifhed with perpetual Hunger, fo that he de¬ 
vours his own Flefh 184 

Erynnis, a common Name to the Furies 259 

Erps., one of the Names of Cupid 124 

Erycina, a Name of Venus 11 1 

Eteodes, and Pofynices, Brothers that bore thegreateft Hatred 
to each other; they killed each other, 274. They are put 
on the fame funeral Pile to be burnt, and the Flame divides 

274 

E-vihits , Evehus, Evan, and Euchius, Names of Bacchus 

62, 63 

Eumenides , the Names of the Furies 259 

B b 2 Euphrojyrte, 



INDEX. 


I 2 s’ 


Euphrojjm, one of the Graces 
Eumpa, carried away by Jupiter in the Shape of a white Bulf 

16 * 

Evryale, one of the Gorgons 
Euterpe, or Enter pi a, one of the Mufes 


27 1 
290 


F. 


280 
ibid . 

343 

354 

3 ‘3 
206 

Their Defcent, 

ibid* 
204 


'Tjrlbarim Calend<c,\ki£. firfl Day of June 
Fabulinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 
Faith, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fame, worfliipped as a Goddefs 
Fafcclis, a Title of Diana Faurica 
Fofcinum , one of the Names of Priapus 
Fates , aDefcription of the Three, 257. 

258. TheiT Names and Offices 
Fauns, the fame as Satyrs, Rural Gods 
Faunas, or Fatuellus , the Hufband of Fauna or Fatuella, 
both were {killed in Prophecy 205 

Fauna, and Fatua, Names of Cybele 173 

Fear, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 

Fewer, worfhipped as a Goddefs ibid. 

Fcbmus, one of the Names of Pluto 252- 

Februa, Sacrifices offered to appeafe the Ghofl of departed 
Friends, 252. Alfo one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 286 
Februalis, Februata, Februa, Februla, and Fluonia, Names 
and Titles of Juno 93 

Fercuius, one of the Houfho-ld-Gods 277 

Ferctrius, a Name of Jupiter 20 

Feronia, a Goddefs of the Woods 220 

Ferula, the Walking-ftaff of Silenus 203 

FeJJonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 348 

Fidelity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 290 

Flarnen Pomonalis, a Priefl that only ferves Pomona 221 
Flora, the Goddefs of Flowers, deferibed, 219. One of the 


Goddeffes of Corn 
Florales, or Floraha, Feafts in Honour of her 
Florida , one of Juno's Titles 
Flu<viales. Nymphs of the Rivers 
Fornax , one of the Goddeffes of Corn 
Fortune, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Fors, Fortuna, or Fortis Fortuna, Names of Fortune 
Fraud, worfhipped as a Goddefs 


Fulg 


229 

219 

9 1 

224 

220 

35 6 

357 
353 


ens 



INDEX, 


20, 25 
2 93 


Fulgens, and Fulminatory Names of Jupiter 
Funeral Deities 

Furies , a Defcription of the Three, 259. Their Defcent, 
ibid . Why three in Number, ibid. ‘ The Office of'them, 
260. What is meant by the Fable of the Furies ibid . 

Fury, worihipped as a Goddefs 354 


•G, 


Alatbis, turned into a Weafel 301 

Galaxia. the Milky-Way in the Heavens ; why fo called 

290 

Galli , the Pviefts or Cyhcle, their mad Behaviour, 171. The 
Reafon of their Name, and the Offices they were employ¬ 
ed ill 175, feq . 9 

Ganymede, carried from Mount Ida to Heaven by Jupiter , 
in the Shape of an Eagle 16 

Gates, in the Palace of Somnus, one of Ivory, thro’ which 
falfe Dreams pafs; the other of Horn , thro’ which true 
Vifions come 262 

■ Gemini, one of the Conftellations in Heaven the fame with 
Cajior and Pollux 3 11 

Genitor, Graces, and G*'apjius, Names of Jupiter zi 

Genii, the Guardian Angels of Men, 281. Sometimes the 
fame with the 'Lares, 282. Or with the Damons, 283. 
Their images, ibid. Sacrifices, and the Offerings to 
them, ibid. Bonus Ge?:ius, worfhipped as a God 284 
Genius, one of the Names of Priapus 207 

Genial Day, the Birth-Day; Genial Bed, the Marriage-Bed : 

Genial Life, a Life of Senfuality and Pleafure 281 

Geryon, a Monfter with three Bodies, 270. Overcome by 
Hercules 300 

Giants, endeavour to depofe Jupiter , but are deftroyed by 
him 264 

Glaucopis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 

Glaucus, a Fiffierman, made a Sea-God 238 

Gncffls, one of the Names of Ariadne 507 

Golden Age, - described by I'irgtl and Ovid 141 

Golden Fleece , a Defcription of it 304 

Gorgons, the Names and Defcription of them 2 yt 

Graces, three Sifters, their Defcent, 123. A Defcription 
of them ibid. 

Grace-cup, filled with Wine and Water, and drank off to 


B b 


the 



INDEX. 


the Bonus Genius 

Gradi<vus, one of the Titles of Mars 
Greek L eite> ’s, by w horn i n v e n te d 


35 ° 

So 

17 


, H. 

TTAdes, one of the Names of Pluto 251 

Hecres Martia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 

291 

Haley one, one of the Daughters of Allas 324 

Hamadryades, Nymphs of the Woods 223 

Harpocrcites, the God of Silence 359 

Harpyes , their Names and a Defcription of them 271 
Health, worfhipped as a Goddefs 348 

Hebe , the Goddefs of Youth, her Birth and Office, 88 
Difgraces herlelf by an unlucky Fall, and is turned out of 
her Office ibid* 

Hecate, why Diapa was called by this Name 211, 213 

Helena, the molt beautiful Virgin in the World, runs away 
with Paris, 122. After his Death, marries his Brother 
Deiphobus, ibid. She betrays him to Menclaus, and fo 
becomes reconciled to him ibid. 

Helicon, the Mufes Mount 315 

Helicorddes, or Heliconiades, the Mufes fo called 195 

Hell, deferibed 245: 

He lie, drowned in that Sea which from her is fince called the 
Hellefpont 304 

Hdltfpontiacus , one of the Titles of Priapus zo 6 

Herat a. Sacrifices offered to yfuno 9 j 

Hercules, his Birth, 296. hi is Names, 295, His Labours, 
287. His Death 303 

Hercule , Hercle , Hercules , an Oath taken only by Men, 
whereas Women ufed the Oath JEcaJlor 3 1 j 

Hermes, Statues of Mercury, fet up for the Direction of 
Paffengers and Travellers 56 

Hermapbroditus, and Salmacis, made into one Pcrfon, called 
an Hermaphrodite 53 

Hermatbenes, Images ufed among the Romans 57 

Hermes , one of Mercury's Names 56 

Hermione, the Daughter of Mars and Venus, 8i* Promiled 
to Orejles, but married to Pyrrhus 312 

Hejtone, the Daughter of King Laomedon , delivered from a 
Sea-Mon Her by Hercules 302 

JJefper, 



1- N D E 



lief per, He/fierus, or Hefperugo, the Brother of Atlas, turned 

into an Evening-Star 3 2 ^ 

Hefper ides, the three Daughters of Ue/jerus, ibid. In their 
Garden golden Apples grew, over which aDragonkept 
Watch. Hercules deltroys the Dragon, and takes away 

the Fruit 3 ° 3 > 3 2 ^ 

Hind, with brazen Feet and golden Horns, hunted and 

caught by Hercules 3 °° 

Hzppius , and tiippodromits. Names of Neptune ^ 233 

Hippocampi , Sea-Horfes lhat drew Neptune's Chariot, de- 
feribed ibtd» 

Hippocrene , the Mufes Fountain 3 1 S 

Hippocrenides , the Mufes fo called # I 9 . 1 

Hippolytus , the Son of Thefeus, of exemplary CliaftSty, is 
skilled by a Fall ;from his Chariot, and reitored to Life by 

JRfculapius 3 °S 

Hippolyte, Queen of the Am axons 299 

Bippontenes, and Atalanta, two Lovers, their Misfortunes, 
1 tg. Are both turned into Lions 120 

Hippona, a Goddefs preiiding over Horfes and Stables 22S 
.Hipponies, the Name of Bellerophon 3 1 S 

Hippotades, one of the Names of JZolus * 164 

Hipfyphile , Queen, of Lemnos, has T wins b y Jafon, and as for~ 

faken by him .3°4 

Hircusy the ^reputed Father of Orion 334 

Homogynos, a Name of Jupiter 21 

Honoriusy a tutelar God to adult Perfons 
Honour, worfhipped as a God 342 

4 Hope , found at the Bottom of Pandora's Box, 158, 320, 344* 
Worfhipped as .a Goddefs 343 

Hoplofmia , one of Juno's Titles 93 

Hortdy or Hora, a tutelar Goddefsito adult Perfons 29© 

Hortenfis, one of the Tides of Venus 
Horns , one of the Names of the Sun 
HoJUUna, one of the Goddefles of Corn 
■Hours, their Defcent, and haw they are employed 
Hyachitbus, killed by dpolio, with a Quoit 
Hyades , feven of Atlas' s Daughters 
Hyas, the Son of Atlas, devoured by a Lion 
Hydra, killed by Hercules 

Hygiaa, or Sanitas, Health, the Daughter of JRfculapius 

3*9 

Hylas, n great Favourite of Hercules 302 

B b 4 Hyme- 



212 

44 

230 

44 

33 

3 2 4 

3 2 5 

298 



*23 


INDEX. 

Hj me not us, the God of Marriage 

I. 

J j 4 c chus , one of the Names of Bacchus 63 

Janus, his Lnage defer!bed, 148, 15; 1. His Names and 
Afcions, 148. Jn all Sacrifices, Prayers are fir ft offered 
* to him, 1 5 1. His Temple open in Time of War, but 
ft nit in Time of Peace, 153. The Meaning of the 
Fable of Janus 1^4 

Janus, a tutelar God to new-born Infants 288 

Juki, a Place at Rome, where Ufurers and Stock-Jobbers 
ufe to meet ’ 148 

Janitor , one of the Titles of Janus 15 1 

1 ant he, the Wife of Ip his 338 

Jafo , the Daughter of JEfculapius 319 

Jafnn, Ids Birth, 303- Makes an Expedition to fetch the 
Golden Fleece, ibid* Debauches the Queen of Lemnos . 
Gains the Fleece by the Afiiftance of Medea , whom lie 
therefore marries, 304. But afterwards hates and for¬ 
th kes her 305 

Icarus , flies with artificial Wings. The Sun melts the Wax 
of them, fo that befalls into the Sea, and is drowned 50 


Id as a Matey , one of Cybele' s Names 
Idasi DaSlyli , Priefts of Cybele 
Ida!ia, one of Venus's Names 
Idolatry, whence it had its Rife, 2. 

firft exercifed 
Idolater, who was the firfl 
Imperator , a Name of Jupiter 
Impudence, vvorfiiipped as a Goddefs 
Inachis , a Name of /<?, or Ifis 

InJigctcs Dll, Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 
Ido, one of the Sea-Goddefies 
Intercidojia , a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 
Inter due a, one of Juno's Titles 
I nuns, and Incubus , Names of Pan 
Jo, Jupiter's Intrigue with her, 88. She turned into a Cow, 
. 89. After her Death, worfhipped by the Egyptians, and 
called IJls . ^ 336 

lolaus, an old Man reftored to his Youth again 299 

I ole, Hercules falls in Love with her 303 

Jphiclus, the Son of Amphitryo and Alcmcna 295 

Ip hi gen las 


*74 

178 

112 

In what Place it was 

3 

ibid* 

21 

352 
23S 

7 

238 
286 
92 
197 



I N D E X. 


Iphigenia , is carried to be facrificed to Dzana Taurica, but 

is {pared, and made her Prieflefs 313 

Ipbis, a beautiful Virgin, turned into a Man, and marries 

33S 
S7. 


88 

*99 


6 

93 

2S4. 

J 4 - 

86 . 


lanthe 

Iris , the Servant of Juno, her Parentage and Offices, 
Never fent but to promote Strife and DifTenfion 
hinges , the Daughter of Pan 
JJis , a Goddefs, worlhipped by the Egyptians, called alfo lo 9 

33 6 > 337 

Judges of Hell, their Names and Characters 
Jug a , one of Juno 's Titles 
Jugatinus , one of the Nuptial Gods 
Juno, violated by Jupiter, in the Shape of a Crow, 

Her Image defcri bed ; her Birth and Parentage, 
Where born, ibid. Her Children, 88. Her feveraL 
Names, 91. Jealoufy her notorious Fault, 88. The 
Signification of the Fable of Juno 95 

Juno Inferna , a Name of Proferpina 254 

JunoLticina , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
Juno Cmxia, Perfefta, or Adult a, one of the Nuptial God- 
deffes 284 

Juncnes , the Guardian Angels of Women 96 

Jzmcnitis , one of the Titles of Janus I 50 

Jupiter, many of them, and of different Parentage 12. 
The famoufeit the Son of Saturn , ibid. A Defcrxption 
of his Image, 10. Where born, and by whom educated, 
12. His War with the Giants, 13. His fliameful De¬ 
baucheries, 14. His feveral Names, 18. His Statue at 
Olympia , one of the (even Wonders of the World, 46. 


26 

292 
ibid , 
Gods 
284 

344 

. . 2 9 o 

Ixion, attempts to ravifh Juno , and begets the Centaurs . 

267 


The Signification of the Fable of Jupiter 
Jupi/er S ecu tidies, a Name of Neptune 
Jupiter Ter/i us. Infer nus. Sty gins, a Name of Pluto 

Jupiter Perf eft us, feu Adult us, one of the Nuptial 

% 

Jufice, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
Juvenilis, or Juventas, a tutelar Goddefs to Youths 


His Punifhment in Hell 


T Abyrintb, 

Lachejis, 


L. 

made by Dordain5 

one of the Fates 


50 

258 

lac int a 


5 



I N D E Xo 


Laciuia , Lucina, and LucVia , Titles of Juno, 93, A tutelar 
Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 

Lattura, and Lalhuina, one of the GoddefTes of Corn 229 
Lantice, Gorgcns, a Defcription of them 27 1 

Laomedon, King of T’roy, breaks the Promi/e he had made to 
Hercules, wherefore Hercules deilroys Ircy 302 

Lapis, or lapideus. Titles of Jupiter 21 

Lares, dorneihe Gods, their Defcent, 279* Worfhipped in 
the Roads or Streets 280 

Lay aria. Places where Sacrifices were offered to the Lares 

ibid. 

Later atnis, one of the Houfhold Gods 284 

Latialis, a Title of Jupiter ' 2 1 

La titan, and Lai ini, Italy and Italians, fo called 240 

Lato?ia, Jupiter falls in Love with her, and has by her dpollo 
ag 4 Diana 130 

haijfrrna, the Goddefs of Thieves 295 

Lautia, the Name of fuch Prefents as are made to Strangers 

2 S 

Learchus , killed by his Father Athamas * 23S 

Leda, abufed by Jupiter, in the Shape of a Swan, 1 $. The 
Manner of her Birth, her Intrigues with Jupiter, and the 
Children fhe had by him 310 

Lemoniades, Nymphs of the Meadows and Fields 224 
Len<e, Priefleffes of Bacchus 67 

Lenceus, Liber Pater , Liber Lyaus, Lyjtus, Names of Bacchus 

63,64 

lenceus, the Month of January fo called 68 

Lethe, a River of Hell deferibed 276 

Leuana, tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 288 

Leucofia, one of the Syrejis 240 

Leucothea, the fame with Ino, a Sea-Goddefs 238 

Leucothoe, turned into a Tree, bearing Frankincenfe 34 
Liber, one of the Names of Proferpina 254 

Liberty, worfhipped as a Goddefs 349 

Lzbi'ina, the Goddefs of Funerals, 293* Alfo the Grave 
itfelf ibid. 


Libiiinarii, Officers that buried the Dead 293 

Lzgaa, one of the Syrens 240 

Limnades, Nymphs of the Lakes and Ponds 224 

Lznigera, a Title of IJis 337 

LiJJa, by fome accounted a fourth Fury 259 - 

Lucretius, one of the Titles of Jupiter 22 


Lucifer 9 



INDEX. 


Lucifer, the Evening-Star 326 

Luc inn , one of the Names of Diana, 214. A tutelar God- 
defs to Women in Labour 287 

Luna, the fame with Diana, zil. "Why Diana was called 
by this .Name 212 

Lupercus, one of the Names of Pan 197 

Luperci, Pan’s Priefts ibid* 

Lupercalia, Pan’s Sacrifices ibid* 

Lycaon , King of Arcadia, turned into a Wolf by Jupiter 9 
for his monftrous Impiety 14 

Lycian Clowns, turned into Frogs by Latona, for muddying 


the Water whilft fhe was drinking 
Lycurgus, cuts off his own Legs 
Lyg dus, the Father of Ip bis 

M. 


132 

70 

337 


67 


319 

3 * 4 - 

3 5 6 

357 
287 

284 

285 

357 



JEnades, Bacchus's Companions 
Machaon, the Son of ABfculapius 
Mai a, one of the Daughters of Atlas 
Mala , one of the Titles of Fortune 
Mammofa , one of the Titles of Fortune 
Manageneta , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 
Manes , the Genii, or Guardians of Mankind 
Manturna, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 
Mafcula, one of the Titles of Fortune 
Matura, one of the Goddefles of Com 
Matuta, the fame with Leucothea, or I no, one of the Nuptial 
Goddefles . '* 285 

Marina, Melanis, Mela:nis, Meretrix, Migonitis, and Mur¬ 
cia, Names of Venus 11 z, 113 

Marine Nymphs, 213. Marine Gods 251 

Mars , his Image deferibed, 76, 77. His Defcent, 78* 
His feveral Names, 79. The Story of his Son Fereus, 83. 
His Adultery with Venus, 81. Sacrifices offered to him 83 
Mar/yas, challenges Apollo in Mufick, is overcome by him*, 
and turned into a River 33 

Martins , a Title of Jupiter 
Manors, one of Mars's Names 

Maujolus, his Tomb, one of the feven Wonders of 
World, deferibed 

Medea, a wonderful Sorcercfs, the Wife of Jafon, her Ex¬ 
ploits 303 

Medi- 


l 9 

the 

46 



INDEX 


Mediirhia, a tutelar Geddefs to adult Perfons 290 

MeJitrinalia , Sacrifices offered to her ibid. 

Medu r a, her Hair changed into Snakes, 101. Her Head 
fixed on Minerva* s Shield, 96. One of the Gorgons 27 1 


Meg^ra, one of the Furies 

Meber cules, Me be reals, an Oath 11 fed only by Men 
Meleager , his Adventures 
ii leiiat, Nymphs of the Fields 
Melicerta , made a Sea-God 
Melius , one of the Names of Hercules 
Mellon a, the Goddefs of Honey 
Melpomene, one of the Mufes 
Memnon, killed by Achilles, in a Duel, 135. Turned into 
a Fountain that once in a Year flows with Blood, ibid „ 


z 59 

3M- 

216 

224 

23S 
300 
230 
189 


ibid • 
ibid* 
ibid, 
286 
256 
his Of- 


His Body turned into a Bird 

T\ lemnonian Birds, deferibed 
Tv!:muons Staiue utters mufical Sounds 
Mi.na , one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 
Mentha, Pluto's Mi it reis, turn’d into Mint 
Mercury , his Image deferibed, 51, His Parentage, 

fees and QusFlica 52 

Mercy , worfiiiupcd as a Goddefs 345 

Metope , one of the Daughters of Allas, married to Sijyphus 

3 -’5 

Meira , Meflra, or Mcjlrc, the Daughter of Etijicbton , one 
that could transform herfelf into any Shape 236 

Metroa, Sacrifices offered up to Cybele 172 

Midas, gives an unjufc Sentence again ft Apollo, for which his 
Ears are turned into the Ears of an Afs, 35. His Cove¬ 
to ufnefs proves his Ruin 65 

Milky Way, in the Heavens, how made 290 

Mimallotzcs, Attendants on Bacchus 61 

Minerva, a Defcription of her Image, ,96. Why {lie car¬ 
ries Medufa the Gorgon's Head bn her Shield, ibid. &c. 

■ 97. Why (tho* the Goddefs of War, yet) crowned with 
Olive, 98. Her Contention with Neptune, about naming 
Athens , ibid. Her Birth, ibid. Her feveral Names, 99, 
The Meaning of the Fable of Minerva 10-4 

Mines , one of the Infernal Judges 262 

Minotaur , deferibed,30. Overcome by Hhefeus 306 
Mir.ujcnlarii Dii, Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 7 
Minutii DU, Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 

hhrth, wor/hipped as a Goddefs 350 

Mi/cell'and 



I N D E X, 


Mi/cellanct DU, Gods of the lowed Rank and Degree S 
Mitbra, one of the Names of the Sun 44 

Mom us, cen fares and fnarles at the Actions of all the Gods 


- 166 

Mozieta , one of Juno* s Titles 94. 

Money, worshipped as a Godde/s 349 

Mojes, by fome thought to be meant by Bacchus 70 

Morpheus, the Servant of Sommis, he brings to People their 
Dreams 262 

Mors, a Defcripiion of her 262 

Morta , one of the Fates 258 

Mulct her, or Mulcifer, a Name of Vulcan 156 

Murcia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Mufcarius, one of the Tides of "Jupiter 22 

Mufes, their .Birth and Character, 217. Their Names 

1 89 

Mufica, one of the Titles of Minerva 103 

Munitus, one of the Nuptial Gods 28 $ 

Myrrha , commits Abomination with her Father, and is 


turned into a Tree 115, u6 



67 

224 

ibid. 

Pines 

228 


7 \T Aades, Prieflefles of Bacchus 
* Naiades and Naides. Nymphs of the Fountains 
Naptece, Nymphs of the Groves and Vallies 
NarciJJus, falls in Love with his own Pi&ure, 227. 

away, and is turned into a Daffodil 
Nafcio, or Natio , a tutelar Goddefs to jievv-born Infants 

28S 

Nehrodes, one of the Names of Bacchus 
Necejfity, worftiipped as a Goddefs 
Nem&an Lion, killed by Hercules 
Neme/is, one of the Goddeffes of Juflice, 195. 

hy Jupiter, in the Shape of a Goofe 
Neptune, his Image deferibed, 231. His Defcent, 

Marries /Jmphytrite, ibid . His remarkable Adlions, 233.. 
His Children. 23^ 

Nereus, a Sea-God, 224. A famous Prophet 
Nereides and Nerinos, Sea- Nymphs 
Nerio , or Neri one, the Wife of Mars 
NeJJus , the Centaur, killed by Hercules 


7* 

35S 

298 

Violated 

298 

232 


238 

224 

79 

303 


Nicephorus, 



INDEX; 


261 
70 

flu- 

and 


Nicepbortts, one of Jupiter' s Titles 
Night, the ancientelt of all the Gods 
Nimrod, the fa m e with Bacchus 
Ninus - King of AJfyria, the firlt Idolater 
Niobe , ruined by her Pride and Self-Conceit, 130. Is 
pified with Grief for the Lofs of all her Children, 
turned into a Stone 131 

Nif ants, one of Bacchus's Names 64 

Nifus , turned into a Sparrow-Hawk 242 

Nixiz Dii, tutelar Gods to Women in Labour 288 

Nodofus, one of the Gods of Corn 229 

No?nitis, one of the Names of Apollo, 30, 38. As alfo of 
Arif reus 207 

.AW*, one of the Fates 258 

No<venfles Di i, Gods brought to Rome, by the Sab hies 8 

Nox, the ancientelt of all the Gods 
Nubigc?ire , the Centaurs fo called 
Numeria, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
Nu?idhia y a tutelar Goddels to new-born Infants 
Nuptialis, one of Juno's Titles 
Nyttilius, one of the Names of Bacchus 
Nydtymene , for committing Incelt with her Father turned in¬ 
to an Owl 


261 

270 

291 

289 

£ 4 

64 


Nymph age tes, one of the Names of Neptu?se 
Nymphs, celeftial, terreftrial, and marine 

9 

O. 

Bfequejzs , one of the Titles of Fortune 
^ Occator , the God of Harrowing 
Qcea?ius, one of the Sea-Gods 
Gceanitides, or Oceania?, Sea-Nymphs 
Ocypetc, one of the Harpyes 

Gedipus, kills his Father, and marries his own 
falls diflrafted, and tears out his own Eyes 
Olympiiis, Opitulus, Opitulator, Names and Titles 
ter 


115 

224 



357 

229 
239 
224 
27 1 
Mother, 

*73 

of Jupi- 


2 3 

Ompbale , Queen of Lydia, makes Hercules lit among the 
Maids, and {pin 305 

Oper tits, one of the Names of Pluto 173 

Oper turn, the Place where Cybele's Sacrifices called Open a-* 
nea, were offered up ... 173 

Opifer, one of the Tides of Apollo 3 1 

Opigena, 



INDEX. 


* 94 * 

A tutelar God- 



172 
29 s 
25:2 

224 


Opigena, one of Juno's Titles 
OpiSy one of the Names of Diatia, <2x4. 

defs to new-born Infants 
Ops, one of the Names of Cybele 
Orbona , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
Qrcus, or Ouragus, Names of Pluto 
Orcades, and Orejiiades , Nymphs of the Hills 
Orejles, kills his Mother Clytemnejlra, and her Gallant 
JEgiJlhus, 2. And afterwards Pyrrhus, for marrying 
his Sweet-heart Hermlone ibid* 

9 

Orgy a, heads in Honour of Bacchus, 69. Alfo Sacrifices 
to Cybele 2 7 £ 

Orion, his flrange Birth, 334* Killed for his Arrogance 
by a Scorpion, and made a ConfteHation ibid* 

Orpheus , his Parentage, his amazing Skill in Mufic, 327* 
Whereby he overcomes the Syrens , 240. And brings 
Eurydice , his Wife, from Hell, but lofes her again, ibid* 
Refolves never more to marry, for which he is torn in 
Pieces by the Mszuades , ibid. His Harp made a Conftel- 
lation, 328. The Meaning of this Fable ibid* 

Ortygta , why the iiland Delos was called by that Name 

2 30 

Ofcilla , fmall Images of Bacchus , hung on Trees while his 
Feftivals were folemnizing 69 

Ofcophoria , Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 

OJiris , King of the Arrives . His Parentage, 335. Quits 
his Kingdom, and travels into Egypt where he marries 
Ic, ibid. Killed by his Brother 'Typhon , and is tranflated 
among the Cjods, ibtd* By many thought to be the fame 
with Bacchus 65; 

OJJilago , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 

Qthus, one of the Giants that warred againli Heaven 26 ^ 



AB A N, Phoebus , Pythins , Names cf Apollo 39 

Padlolus, a River vvhofe Sand is golden 6^S 

Pal&mon, one of the Sea-Gods, 238. The fame with 

Meli^verta ibid* 

Palcncfs , Pallor , worfhipped as a God 3 5S 

Pales, the Gcddefs of Shepherds 2ii> 

Pnidi la, or P aril a. Sacrifices offered up to Pales ibid .1 

Pallas , one of the Names of Minerva ioo 


2- 



INDEX. 


3 20 

l 

*13 

Determines who is the 


Palladium, an Image of Minerva that fell from tie avert 100 
Pal/antias , one of the Names of Aurora 134.. 

Pan, the Chief of the Rural Gods, 196. His Defcent, 197. 
The Defcription of his Image, ibid. The Meaning of 
the Fable of Pan, 198. His Actions and Inventions' 199 
Panic Fears , what they are, and whence fo called . 298’ 
Pandora , the fird of Women-kindmade by Vidcan 158. 
Her Box, ibid\ The Mifchiefs that came from thence on 
Mankind 

Pantheon, its Defcription 
Papbia , a Title of Penns 
Parens, why the Fates fo called 
Paris., his Defcent and Birth, 120. 

mod beautiful of yuno, Minerva, and Vc?nis, 121. Runs 
away with Helena , the fairelt Woman that ever was, who 
had been betrothed to Mezielaus , 122. This occadons the 
"War between the Greeks and Projans, which concludes in 
the DeftrudHon of Troy , after which Paris was killed by 
Philo Act es 122 

ParnaJJldes , the Mufes fo called 19 r 

Part ben os, Parthenia, Perfcdia , Populonia, Pcpztlona, and 
Pronuba, Names and Titles of yuno 94 

Parthenope, one of the Syrens 240 

Partunda , or Pertunda , one of the Nuptial Goddefles 285 
Pafiphae, falls in Love with a Bull, and brings forth the 
Minotaur, 50. The Meaning of this Fable ibid . 

Pajitbea, one of Cybele's Names 172 

Pajitbcc , one of the Daughters of Atlas, turned into a Star 

3 H 

Patelinea, one of the Goddefles of Com 229 

Pat ell or H Dii, Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 

Patidcius, or Patulacius, one of the Names of yanus, 


Pavcnfia, a tutelar Goddefs of Infants 
Pavor , worfhipped as a God 
Peace , worfhipped as a Goddefs 

Pegafus, the Mufes Horlc, his Birth and Defcription, 
Is caught and rode upon by Belleropbon ? 3 16. 
in Heaven amone the Stars 


153 

289 

35 s 
3+7 
3*5 


Is placed 
ibid . 


Pegajidcs, the Mufes fo called 
Palias, his Daughters pull him to Pieces 
PclIonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 


291 

1D 5 
9 1 

Penates > 



INDEX. 


Penates , Houfhold Gods, 277. Three Ranks and Degrees 
of them, 278. Penates , fometimes Amply taken for an 
Houfe, 279, Defcription of their Images ibid\ 

Penelope, the Wife of TJlyJJ'es , a moft remarkable Example of 

.Chadity . # 333 

P‘7zihens, torn to Pieces by his Mother and Sifters 70 

Perfa, a Tree dedicated to Harpocrates, the God of Silence 

359 

Perfeus , hisDefcent, 3 I 3. Receives great Prefents from the 
Gods, 314. Delivers Andromeda from the Sea-Monfter* 
and marries her ; conquers the Gorgons, Alike3 off Medufa's 
.Head, and therewith turns Atlas into a Rock. At length 
he, Anaromeda, and his Mother Cajjlopeia. are made Con- 
ftellations 

Periaimtnus, one that could transform himfelf into any 
Shape, 236. Killed by Hercules in the Shape of a Fly ibid* 
PeJJlmnuia , a Goddefs whofe Image was only a fhapelefs 
Stone, { 14. One of the Names of Cyhele 175 

Phcsdi a follicits her Son Hippolytus to Wickednefs, but in 
vain 3 08 

Phaeton, the Son of Sol, obtains Leave to drive the Chariot 
of the Sun for one Day, 47. Overthrows it, and thereby 
fets on 1 ire the Heaven and the Earth, 48. Is by Jupiter 
ftruck dead for it by Thunder into the River Po ibid . 
His Sifters turned into Poplar-Trees 
The Meaning of this Fable 
Phalli , Images fet up in Honour of Bacchus 
Phallus, one of the Names of Prlapu$ 

Phallica, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus 
Pbanczus, one of Apollo's Names 
Philamon, a famous Lutanift 

Phlegetbon, or Peripbkgetbon, one of the Infernal Rivers 



_ 249 

Phlegyas, burns the Temple of Apollo, and is remarkably 

punifhed for it in Hell 267 

Phoresis, or Phorcys, one of Neptune 3 $ Sons 235 

Phofphorus , the Evening-Star 326 

Pice us Puer , the Title -of Harpccrates , the God of Silence 


Picumnus, a Rural God 

P.erides , or Pieria, the M.ufes fo called 

Piety, worfhipped as a Goddefs 

C c 


3 S 9 t 

229 

j 9 i 

344 - 
Pilumnuss 



INDEX. 


Pilumnus , one of the Gods of Corn, 230. A tutelar God to 
breeding Women 286 

Pirithous 3 the intimate Friend to * 7 "hefe.us, torn to Pieces by 


Cerberus 

Pijior, Pluvius, Pr<&dator. Names of Jupiter 
PLbeii Dei, Gods of the lovveft Order 
Pleiades , feven Daughters of Atlas turn’d into Stars 
Why they had this Name 
phione , the Wife ol Atlas 


3 Q 7 

23 

8 

3 24 
ibid. 
ibid. 


ibid . 

Steals away Pro - 
252. His Office 

253 

254 

319 


Ple.nauris , one of the Daughters of Atlas 
Pluto, the King of Hell, deferibed, 250. 
ferphte, 231,254. His feveral Names, 
and Power 

Plutus j the God of Riches, deferibed 
PoduUvius, the Son of JEfadapt us 

Perna, accounted a Deity by the JEtbiopiatts 292 

Pollux and Cajior, - 'wins, their Birth , 309. Their Aflions, 
310. They- thaic. Immortality between them, and are 
made the Conflellation Gemini 311 

Patybwmia, Polymnia , or Polymneia , one 'of the Mufes 190 
Poly dices and Enochs, two Brothers who kill’d each other, 
274. An Inilance of their irreconcileable Hatred ibid. 
Polyphemus , the Son of Neptune, a great Robber 160 
Polyxata, marries Achilles, and, after his Death, is facrificed 
to appeafe his Ghoit 330 

Pomona, the Goddefs of Fruits, 221. Courted and married 
by Eevtumnus 222 

Pomia, one of the Titles of Venus 11 2 

Porta Libit ina, a Gate at Rome, thro’ which Funerals pafs’d 

293 

Forth me us and Portitor, Names of Charon 247 

P or turn tuts, one of the Sea-Gods, the fame with Pcd&mon 238 
Pojaidon , one of Neptune's Names 232 

Potatnides , Nymphs of, the Rivers 224 

Botina, a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 

Poverty, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 

Pratnejhna, one of Fortune’s Titles . 357 

Prczjhtes, the fame with Genii, the Guardian-Angels of 

Mankind , . . . 2 ^3 

Priapus, the God of the Gardens, a Defcription of hi? Image, 

205, His Birth ^nd Deformity, 200. One of the Nup- 

285 


trial Gods 


Primigenix 



INDEX. 


Primigenia and Privata, Names and Titles of Fortune 35 7 
Procris , married to Gepbalus , 134. Kill’d by him by am 
Accident ibid*. 

Prometheus, makes a Man of Clay, and animates him with 
Fire Holen from Heaven, 158, 320, Jupiter punifhes 
him remarkably for his Theft, ibid . Freed from his Pu- 
nifhment by Hercules, 320, 321. The Meaning of this 


Fable 

Propaetides , the fir ft Proftitutes turn’d into Stones 
Propria, a Name of Fortune 
Propylata, one of the Names of Hecate or Diana 
Profa, Prorfa, Porrisna , Pojlnjerta, or Ant evert a, 
Goddefs to Women in Labour 
Proferpina , one of the Goddeffes of Corn, 229. 
/cent, 2^4. How carried away by Pluto , ib. 


ibid* 

I iS 

357 

213 

a tutelar 
287 
Her De¬ 
ls fought 


for. all over the World with lighted Torches, by her 
Mother Ceres , 255. Who obtains from Jupiter that 
Proferpina fhall be fix Months with Pluto , and the other 
fix with her in the Heavens, 256- The Meaning of this 
Fable ' ibid a 

Proteus , the Son of Neptune, one that could transform himfelf 
‘ into any Shape 235 

Putatitii Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Order 7 

Pygsnalion , falls in Love with an Ivory Statue, which, when 
turned into a Woman, he marries 116 

Pylades and Orefes , moil intimate Friends 312 

Pylotis , one of the Tides of Minerva 104 

Pyramids of Egypt, one of the feven Wonders of the World 

4 6 

Pyramus and Thifle, the moft unfortunate of Lovers, their 
Deaths llg 

Pyrrha, the Wife of Deucalion 322 

Pyrrhus, killed by Orcjles, for mafrying Her mi one 312 

Pytho, one of the Daughters of Atlas 314 

Qi 

■ 

(d) Uadrifons , a Name feme times given to Ja?tus 549, 150 
Quies, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 209 

Quietus, one of the Names of Pluto 252 

Quirinus, a Title of Jupiter, 24. and of Mars, So. And 
alfo of Roimdus 81 

R. Rati - 


C c 2 



INDEX; 


R 


73 At tone r Libitinar, an Account of the Dead, not unlike 
our Weekly Bill, or Bill of Mortality 
Radius, one of Bacchus's Titles 


293 

6 4 

3 >8 

Aid. 


94 

2 4 

262 


Redux , one of the Titles of Fortune 
Regia , a Title of Fortune 
Regina, a Title of Juno 
Rex, Regnator, Titles of Jupiter 
Rhadarnanthus , one of the Infernal Judges 
Rbamnujia, the fame with Nemejts , one of the Goddefles of 
Juflice 195 

Rhea, one of the Names of Cybele 172 

Ridetis , one of the Titles of Venus 112 

one of the Gods of Corn 229 

Rumina, one of the tutelar Goddefles to new-born Infants 

% • • • • * 


Ruminus, one of Jupiter *s Titles 
Runcina, a Godded of Gardening 
Rural Gods and' G-ddeJfes 
Rtijiri , one of the Rural Deities 


S. 


289 
24 
229 
1 96 
228 


< 5 ^ 


aaia 9 myflerious Rites in the Solemnities of Prof rpine 

07 . . 2 54 

Salacia, one of Neptune's Wives 232 

•S' alii, Prieiis of Mars ibid. 

Saliftbfulus, one of Mars's Titles 8 1 

Sahnoncus imitates Jupiter 9 s Thunder, for which he under¬ 


goes a fevere Punifhment in Hell 
Stilus , Health, worthipped as a Goddefs 
S a/lit as, or By gits a , the Daughter of JEfulapins 
Sat or and Sarritor, Rural Gods 
Satyrs, the fame with Sileni, the Priefts of Bacchus 
A Defcription of the Satyrs 
Saturn, his Image deferibed, 13S. His Family and Ac¬ 
tions, ibid. Devours ali bis Male Children, 139. Taken 
Prifoner by fit an? but iet at Liberty by JuLiter, ibid. 
Afterwards, for liis Ingratitude depofed by Jupiter , and 

flies 


267 

34 S 

3i9 

229 

67 

204 



INDEX.- 



Hies into Italy , 140. The firfl that reduced the Satyrs tc 
civil Society, ibid. Sacrifices offer’d to him, 143* 144. 
The hilicrical Meaning of the Fable of Saturn, 145. The 


philofophical Meaning of it 147 

Saturnalia , FeftiVnls in Honour of Saturn 344 

Scot eta, a Title of Venus 1 1 3 

Scylla. the Daughter of Phoresis. courted by Glaucus , and 
turned by Circe , her Rival, into a Rock, 242* Into a 
Sea* Mon her 49 

Scylla , the Daughter of Nifns, ruins her Country by cutting 
off her Father s purple Lock of Flair, 242. And is turn’d 
into a Lake 243 

Scylla and Cbarybdis , the Meaning of that Fable 244 

Securis, why the Spear was fo named So 

Seta and Segetia , Goddeftcs of Corn 229 

ScleSti Dii, the fupreme Gods . o 

Setucle, deflroy’d by Jupiter's Embraces 59 

Scmanes Dii , Gods or the lowed Order and Rank 8 

Senjesy or Mens, v/orfhipped as a Goddefs 347 

Senlia, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 291 

Scrapis, or Sorapis, an JEgyptian God, the fame with SJpis, 
336. Where, and in what Manner wor(hipp’d ibid, 
Scrnjator, Soter , Stator, Stabilitor , Names and 1 itles of Ju¬ 
piter 23, 24 

Silence , the Gods and Goddeifes of it worfhipp cl by the Ro- 
mans 30 7 

S-ihnus, Race bus's Companion, deferib’d 204 


Sijypbus, how punifh’d in Hell for his notorious Robberies 



Socigcna , one of Juno’s Titles 
Sol, one of /!polio's Names 
Sobvizona , one of the Names of Diana 
S-ontnus, the God of Sleep, deferib’d 
Sofpita , one of Juno's Titles 

Sphinx, propounds a Riddle, which Oedipus refolves, 
Deftroys herfelf 
Spolia Opima , thofe Spoils, which, in Battle, one General 

takes from another 20 

St at a, or Statua Mater , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 201 
Stata , one of the Titles of Fortune 358 

Statanusy or Statilinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 289 
St alii 0, turned into an Evet or Newt 1S4 

C c 3 Stercuiitsy 


9 l 

36 

287 

261 

95 
2 7 3 - 

274 



1 N D 


* 




Stercutus, Stercutzus 7 Sterculiusy or Sterquilinius , a rural God, 

who firft taught how to improve Ground by dunging it 229 
Stercutzus, one of the Names of Saturn 142. 

Sthenoy one of the Gorgons 271 

Sthenobatay endeavours to intice Belteropbo?i to Adultery, but 
is rejedted, 316. And therefore kills herfelf ibid. 

Stimida and Strenua y tutelar Goddefies to adult Perfons 290 
Stymphalidesy Birds that feed on human Flefh, dellroyed by 
Hercules 

Styx, one of the Infernal Rivers 
Suada, one of the Nuptial Goddefies 
Sa cut at, the Daughters of Atlas , call’d alfo Hyades 
Summanusy a Name of Pluto 
Suiiy why call’d Sol in Latin , 43. And by the Pcrfia?is Mi~ 
thra y 44. By the Egyptians nam’d Horus 7 ibid. His De- 
fcent, 43. His Amours 44 

Sjlvauusy one of the Gods of the Woods 203 

Syntbejisy a Cloak worn only by Gentlemen 144 

Syrensy Sea-Monflers, aDefcription of them, 219. Overcome 
by Orpbeusy and turn’d into Stones, 250, The Explica¬ 
tion of this Fable of the Syrens 241 

Syrinx, flies from Pan , and is turn’d into a Bundle of Reeds 

299 


299 
24S 
284 
324 
2; z 


T. 


^T^Adita, one of the Goddefies of Silence 
A Tantalus, kills and drefies his own Son Pelops 


407 
2 68 

The Meaning of 

2/0 


His Punifhment for it in Hell, 269. 
this Fable 

TauricepSy Taurifortnis , Names of Bacchus 
Taygete , one of the Daughters of Atlas 
Tele bineSy Priefis of Cybele 
Telegonusy the Son of UlyJJes by Circe 
Telemacbusy the Son of Vlyffes by Penelope 
Telethufay the Mother of Ipbis 
Tempejlasy worfhipp’d as a Goddels 
Tereusy marries Progne 9 and falls in Hove with her Siller 
Philomelay 83. Debauches her on the Road, and, to pre¬ 
vent Difcovery, cuts out her Tongue, ibid . She informs 
Progne of this Villainy by Needle-work, 84. Progne , to 


62 

3 2 4 

177 

332 

333 
337 
35 * 


revenge 



INDEX 


.revenge this Injury* dreiTes Itys, and makes his Father 
'reus feed on him for Supper. Progne is hereupon turn’d 
inco a Sparrow, Philomela into a Nightingale, Tereus into 
a Hoopoo, and Itys into a Pheafant 85 

Ter min its, one of the rural Gods, 208. A Defcription of his 


Image, ibid. His Sacrifices call’d Tcrininalia 
Tcrpficbore, one of the Mules 
Tcrrejirial Gods and GoddeJJes, their Names 
Terrejirial Nymphs 
Thalia, one of the Graces, 125. Alfo one of the Mufcs 189 
Thcodamas kill’d by Hercules ■ 302 

Thcjcus , his Parentage, 306. His intimate Friendfhip with 
Pirztboas, 307. Goes down to Hell, and returns fafe from 
thence, ibid . His other Adventures 308, 309 

Tbefmopboria, Sacrifices olfered to Ceres 185 

Thijbe and Py ramus, two mofi unfortunate Lovers, their Story 

1 16 


269 
189 
J38 
223 



Thyadcs, Bacchus's Companions, 61. His Nymphs 
Thyas, King cf Taurica Lherfcncfus, kill’d by his Subjects 313 
Tbycnezus and Triumphus, Names of Bacchus 64 

Tigillus, Tonans, Toniirualis, Trioculus, and Triophthalmos, 
Names and Titles given to Jupiter 25 

Tirejias, how he came to lofe his Sight, 101. He’s amply 
made Amends for that Lofs, by receiving the Gift of Pro¬ 
phecy ibid . 

Tijiphone, one of the Furies 259 

Titans, make War on Jupiter, and are fubdued 266 

Tithonus, marries Aurora, obtains Immortality, but grows 
extremely weak and decrepid ; is at lafl turned into a 
' Grafiiopper 135 

Tityus, one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven 26 6 
Trieterica, Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 

Triformis or Tergemina, Titles of Dia7ia 21 r 

Triptolemus, educated by Ceres, who every Night covers hint 
with Fire, 182. Sent by her in the Chariot to teach Men 
the Ufe and Improvement of Com 183 

Tripos, in Apollo's Temple 39 

Triton, Neptune's Son, deferib’d 237 

Triionia, one of the Names of Minerva 101 

Trio;2a, one of the Names of Hecate ox Diana 21 4 

Troy, the Walls of it built by the Muiick of Apollo's Harp, 
32. Deitroy’d by Hercules 302 

C C 4 Truth* 



INDEX. 

STrutb, worfhipped as a Goddefs 346 

\Tutclhia or Yutulina, one of the Goddeftes of Corn 2 30 
5 Tyche, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 

Fyndaris, one of Helenas Names 310 

Yyndarida, the Children of dyndarus ; Helena, Ctytemnejlrai 
Caftoi' and Pollux ibid. 

\Typhosus i or Typhon, one of the Giants that warr’d again ft 
Heaveri 264 


V, 


2S8 

228 

25 

233 

And 


% 

jyAcuna, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Vagit anus , or Vatic anus, a tutelar God to new-born In¬ 
fants 

Vallenia, the Goddefs of the Valiies 
Vejonsis, Vejupiter, Vcdizis, Names given to Jupiter 
Venilia, one of Neptune *s Wives 

Venus, her Image deferib’d, 107. HerDefcent, 109. 
Marriage, 110. Her feveral Names, ibid. Pier Adfcions* 
115. One of the Nuptial Goddeftes, 284. An Explana¬ 
tion of the Fable of Venus 127 

Vtrgil'ue, feven of the Daughters of Atlas, call’d Pleiades 325 
Verticordia , a Title of Venus 114 

Veriiunnus courts and obtains Flora, 221, 222. Can trans¬ 
form himfelf into any Shape 236 

Vefcji Dii, Gods of the loweit IJ-ank and Order 8 

Vefpcr, or Vefperugo, the Brother of Atlas, turn’d into the 
Evening-Star 326 

Vefta the Elder, the oldeft of the Goddeftes, aDefcription of 
her linage, 167. She’s the fame with the Earth 168 
Vefta the Younger, the'fame with the Element Fire, 167,- 
16S. Explanation of the Fable of Vefta 169 

Veft tv, why round Tables were fo call’d 168 

VeftalFire, ho w preferv’d perpetually among the Romans 169 
Vibilia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 

Vines - firft planted by Bacchus, 65. The Art of pruning 
them firft taught by an Afs . ibid; 

Violence, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 

Virginia, Daughter of Aulus, dedicates an Altar to Pudicitict 
Phbeia 346 

Vi rip lac a, one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 285 

Virgo y of the Titles of Fortune 388 

Vi r- 



INDEX. 


Wirginenjt's, one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 285 

Virilis, one of the Titles of Fortune 3 -7 

Virtue , worfhipped as a Goddefs . 342 

Vi feat a, or Jifcofa, one of the Titles of For time 358 

Vi tula, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perlons 290 

XJlyJfes, his Defcent, his Marriage with Penelope, 331. Pre- 
ferves himfelf from the Syrens, 240. His various Ad¬ 
ventures 

Underjlanding, worihipp’d asaGoddefs 347 

Unxta , one of the Titles o f: Juno 93 

Volumnus and Volumna, tutelar Deities to adult Perfons 222 
Volupia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 

Vohfia, one of the Goddeffes of Com 229 

XJragus, one of Names 252 

Urania, one of the Mufes 1 89 

Vulcan, a Defcription of him, 156. His Birch and De¬ 


fcent, 157. His Employment, ibid. Courts Minerva* 
but is reje&ed; marries Venus, who is falfe to his Bed, 
156. Makes the f;rft Woman, who is called Pandora, 
iq8. His Children, ibid. His Servants, 159. The Sig¬ 
nification of the Fable of Vulcan 162 

Vjdcania, Feafls celebrated in Honour of Vulcan 157 

W. 

JfTfAJls of Babylon, one of the Wonders of the World 46 
Wonders of the World, feven particularly fo called 49 

Wife Metz of Greece, their Names and Characters 40, 41 

• * 

x. 


i bztbus , one of the Horfes of Achilles, his Defcent 271 
Xenia, all Prefents made to Strangers called fo 23 


ffAgreus, one of the Names of Bacchus 
Zephyrus, his Defcent 
Zeus, one of Jupiter's Names 



FINIS. 



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Index of the fame Kind, from VJfius , Galepin, Cooper ? 
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The Notes of Abbreviations ufed in Latin Authors and 
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fons and memorable Things, By Thomas Morell, D. D. 
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