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+A Clear and Compendious 
+
+
+
+
+
+TORY 
+
+
+A- 
+
+
+O r T H E 
+
+
+Gods and Goddeffes^ 
+
+
+✓A NJ? 
+
+
+E4 
+
+
+1C ONTEM 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+WHETHER 
+
+
+>* 
+
+
+
+
+FA'^N^k-S,' PfiJS'Sft CIANS 
+
+
+
+W I f Hf THEIR 
+
+
+A* V- 
+
+
+Altaxs, DraclES j Sacrifices, and 
+
+-Temples.. 
+
+* * 
+
+Taken Frbitt the Fathers of the Church,, and 
+the Greek and 'Latin Poets and Hiftorians, 
+ancient and modeirh; 
+
+• For the Ufe of.SCHOOLS. 
+
+
+V, 
+
+
+By, DApiD WATSON, A. M. 
+
+
+
+Of St. Leonard’s College , St. Andrew s. 
+
+
+Fruftra fit per plura , quod, pot eft fieri per pandora. 
+
+It is Foolifhnefe to multiply Gods, when there is but one $ 
+and that Goctati-fufficient, omnifcient, and omnipotent. 
+
+O N D O N: 
+
+Printed for the Author; and Sold by John Ward, 
+at his China-fhop, the -Golden Tea-Kettle, and Four 
+Coffins, near Surrey ftreet, in the Strand; and by all the 
+Bookfeilers in Town and Country. 1752. 
+
+
+
+
+ti 
+
+
+/ . 
+
+
+9 * 
+
+
+* . 
+* 1 
+
+
+
+
+* ' 
+
+
+
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Have permed the Boole ihtituled 
+
+si compendious Hijlory of the 
+
+
+Gods and GoddeJfes 3 taken from. Jhe 
+
+
+Fathers of the Church , - and the Greek 
+and Latin Poets , by Da vidWats on, 
+M. A. of St. Leonard's College, 
+St. Andrew s, Scotland 5 and I think 
+it, as far as I am capable of judg¬ 
+ing, well executed, and proper to 
+be introduced to theUfe of Schools- 
+
+
+Jpril 13 , 
+
+J752. 
+
+
+William Reyner 
+
+• ^ 
+
+Subdean of St. Paid's* 
+
+
+< 9 > 
+
+
+n r-x r-. — - 
+
+
+ratio bum, 
+
+Ttl ay “ 
+
+j J - 1 *- r . 
+
+- I i syi 0 v 
+
+1 IM'lih’X 
+f! • ’ ’ : 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+To the Right Honourable 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ord Shelford 
+
+
+$ 
+
+
+
+arl of CHESTERFIELD 
+
+
+* 
+
+3 > 
+
+
+One of His Majefty’s Moft Honourable 
+
+
+PRIVY COUNCIL. 
+
+
+•* < 
+
+
+
+Mv Lord, 
+
+' . . . * • - '■ ’ 
+
+3 E W Families in Great Britain can, 
+
+' ^ ♦ .M i 
+
+for four hundred Years part:, produce 
+• fuel! a Number of Worthies, ds your 
+Lordfliip’s. 
+
+Philip Earl of. Gkcjlcrjlcldy your - Lord- 
+fhip's Grandfather, endeavoured all he 
+could, by gentle Means, to heal the Breaches 
+between King Charles L and his People, 
+and prevent the Irruption of a Civil War : 
+And when that could not be done, his 
+Houfc at Shelford was a Garrifon for die 
+King, under the Government of his Son 
+Phitipfxr ho loft his Life in Defence there¬ 
+of, on the 27th of October 1645, when the 
+Rebels took it by Storm : which afterwards 
+they burned to the Ground. 
+
+The Earl himlelf, with one of his Sons, 
+three hundred Gentlemen and Dependant;;, 
+lei zed on the City of LiicbjL'U for tl ie Kino,: 
+>. our Lord "hip’s Grand-ather died during 
+lie Uluipwioii on the ir.th of Scpl. 
+
+j\ ; £ I Vi i 
+
+
+♦ 1 
+V. 
+
+
+
+D E DIG A TIOM . 
+
+■r- / 1 
+
+
+My, Lord, 
+
+* * ^ .. r 
+
+
+t w r 
+jiL s 
+
+
+
+
+« 4 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+•» rV - 
+
+
+As it is the Iritereft and Advantage of 
+Writing to tranfmit Virtue to. Poffcerity^ 
+fo is it the Policy of the Pen to make & 
+Party for its Productions; by engaging in: 
+their Caufe, fome worthy Perfon univer- 
+fally honoured and beloved; whofe ad¬ 
+mired Character may add Value to the 
+Work, and take off all Imputation of 
+Flattery from the Author. 
+
+
+
+
+Your Lordlhip’s : particular Attachment, 
+to-Learning and Letters, and the promoting 
+of any Thing that may conduce to dje In- 
+flruCtion of Youth, in theprefent and fuc-: 
+ceeding Generations, encourages me tofeek 1 
+the Honour of your Lor dihip’s Patrociny;- 
+to this Hi ftory of the Gods, &c. hoping that* 
+your Lordfhip will accept of the Author’s 
+Sincerity, and regard that more (on which 
+he lays more Strefs) than the Merit of hi^- 
+Work, being, with the utmofh RefpeCt, 
+
+* t ) 
+
+My Lord, .> 
+
+
+I 
+
+four Lordfhip's mojl obliged\ 
+
+iind moft 'obedient Se1rvdnf a 
+
+
+i > 
+* 
+
+
+f ^ 
+
+
+# * 
+
+
+
+
+I » » 
+
+
+t>. WAT.S0K7 
+
+
+4 
+
+♦ * 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+
+
+k ft - 
+
+
+* % 
+w 
+
+
+1 ' 
+
+
+The PREFACE 
+
+<*,»* > , . »- •« V • « ' . 4 • * t (' ^ > • 1 « % f I' *• **. . 7 i «_« 
+
+
+» * • 
+
+
+
+. nate' Idea-‘'of-'Mah,- aii indelible 
+Character damped Upon his Nature^ -that 1 -KE 
+iSfjipt tjby? Au|hpr ojfGaufoof .lais<.own.Betiigf 
+,•%*$ l?i?*^tep<Sr)g frp(n<?(3d>-_ .But-UheldjjrJcv 
+Wfl W(^<fn : Eftate of., Mankind* ngr.afpihg 
+
+dw for ther Sufftance, , ,n?»d& .jdierti- 
+worfhip_the Creature? in place of the- Creator. 
+God 1 bleted for ever. 1 : . r 
+
+. riTfhall therefore give here a cleat and com,- 
+pendkrits Agcount -of 'the RiftSti t c e Is.’an&. ’ 
+Trogrefs ofidolatry, from the Creation to;the 
+
+from the 'Flooti’ito- thd ©rF 
+
+peffibn.-af; th& ToM’ert of Babel, .and from thfe' 
+Ijifperfion .to the Time/pf Julius Cajkr. -.-if • ; ' 
+. . 5t; Eitykenius, in his Book of 
+diflinguifilcs .the .ancient Religion intp.foiif; 
+
+
+
+
+
+i which com mented undbr AbrMctns. 
+
+
+The firft Origin of Idolatry .mpftj be? re¬ 
+ferred to the Time of Enos, when they began 
+to firndy the Motion -of ^he^Sfars* ^.nd of the 
+heavenly Bodies, and-reckoned them created 
+
+by God, to^pyern, They imagined 
+
+that God Had let them in the Heavens to make 
+them partake of his own Glory, and ferve him 
+as his Minifters : whence they concluded that 
+it was their Duty..to give them Honour. Upon 
+this Foundation they began to build Temples 
+to the Stars, to offer Sacrifices to them, and 
+
+
+A 3 
+
+
+to 
+
+
+
+if 
+
+
+EX 
+
+
+to- profligate themfelvcs before Jthenv in order 
+t^ofctain • Favour ft&xu hift^Who; had created 
+thfem'j ‘arid this was'-the firft'Q|Jigin*of Idola¬ 
+try. In Time;' Certain- -falfe Prophets: Carafe, 
+pretend ihg -ro be' leht-from :<3ody r arid that they 
+
+had Revelations for appointing filch and fuch 
+
+a -Star to be worfhipped :* Nay^ for ordainiiig 
+Sacrifices to be offered to - the whole Hoft of 
+Heaven-, <and -they made figures of them, 
+which they expofed to be publiekly worfhippedj 
+thereupon : they began to fet up i thei r Reprefen - 
+rations in Temples, under Trees,^ and upon 
+the Tops of Mountains. • They'flocked toge¬ 
+ther for their Adoration, and the Profperity 
+they-enjoyed was attributed to the Worfhip 
+they paid to them. -Hence ft 'came ?about* 
+■concludes -Mahnonides, that the Name of God 
+was entirely bariifhfed ; fibril the Mouths? and 
+Hearts of Men. This 'brought the Flood 
+upon the World 'm-Noah's Time. 
+
+- Noah, after the Flood, frirvived the Intro¬ 
+duction of this Abufe,' nor was he able wholly 
+to correct Man’s- falfe Biafs, to feekiafter fenft- 
+ble Objects of Worfhip * and even in-his Life¬ 
+time (for he died not ; till about the Time of 
+the ■ Birth of Abraham') Idolatry was widely 
+tliffufed over the -Earth. 
+
+
+After the Dilperfion which fucceeded the 
+Confufioh of 'Babel, Epipbanius is of Opinion* 
+in his Book of-Herefies, that Terah, Abra* 
+ham’s Father, was the Founder of it. Ntm- 
+red is he to whom at this iEra, the Origin of 
+Idolatry is commonly aferibed ; and that he 
+introduced the Worfhip of Fire. The City 
+{'’r, was fo called, becaufe there the Fire was 
+
+worfhipped. 
+
+
+
+TBejF.REBAC.EJ' 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+worihipped*- ;isJ tjq Doubt; .shat.ii* the-F^mi- 
+
+ly of:Ha?n after:the-J)ifperiio%,we are to look 
+for.the true,Origin, pf Idolatry,- The unfortu¬ 
+nate* Child r^ffof ^accurfed Father were the 
+ijrib who hfbrgQfc ;the iwife;£pundJs - of' Noah\ 
+and- following the..j?ropenfity.:of - their»; ov?p 
+Hearts, and. abandoning themfelves .to .their 
+Paffiohs, fought out for fenfible Objects ,to 
+whom they- m.ight offer fuperftitious Worfhip. 
+As the .Sons of Cham , j Canaan , and ■ Mizraim^ 
+fettled; ./•the'-one in Phoenicia^ the ; other in 
+Egypt *, thefe are the two Kingdoms after, the 
+Diiperfion from whence Idolatry took its Rife. 
+
+I believe it began much later in Countries 
+peopled by the Defcendants of Shem and Ja- 
+phet.. From Phoenicia .and Egypt Idolatry came 
+.to Craw,...and from .Greece to Italy. The 
+Cuftom of deifying Men was propagated from 
+Egypt to the other Nations j and we. find, that 
+the Chaldeans , much about the fame Time, 
+railed their Belus to the Order of the Gods. 
+The Syrians , Phoenicians^ Greeks and Romans , 
+all of them imitated the Egyptians and Chad- 
+deans ; and Heaven, as Cicero obferves, v/ib 
+foon peopled with deified Mortals, which was 
+likewife true in another Scnfe ; line 
+their Deification, they gave out, that their 
+Souls were united to certain Scars,-which they 
+chofc for their Habitation.- Thus Andromeda, 
+Cephens , Perjhis , and Caffiopeia^ made-up the 
+Conftellations that bear, their Names; Hippo- 
+litas the Sign of' the Charioteer ; Efczdapius 
+the Serpent; Ganymede , Aquarius ; Phaeton 
+the Chariot; Gaft or and Pollux , Gemini , 
+the Twins ; Erigoye . and Aftraa , Virgo ; Mer- 
+
+A 4 gal os 9 
+
+
+e 
+
+
+upon 
+
+
+or 
+
+
+
+The P-R E FACE, 
+
+
+galas , or rather Venus- and Cupid ; Pdfc.es> or 
+the Fifhes 5 and fo of others'." 
+
+AEneas, - furnamed Jupiter Indigites . (as you 
+. will fee in the Hiftory)' had a Chapel erefted 
+to his Honour upon the Banks of the^ River 
+Niimicus 3 Janus , Fatinus> Picus > 'Evander> 
+Futua or Carimcnta> Acca Iaurentia> or Flora , 
+Flatuta Foriunmus> Mania> Anna Perefna> 
+Vertumnus> Romulus, and after them the twelve 
+Ciefars 3 all of them had-Temples or Chapels, 
+and were worfhipped as Gods and“Goddef!es! 
+
+Since I was oblig’d by my Plan, to follow the 
+Order of the Alphabet 3 1 would advife my Read¬ 
+ers, after they have peruled the Preface, to 
+read Fables, and thefever al Kinds of them (which is 
+the firft Article in the Letter F) before they read 
+. The Hiftory of the Gods and Goddeffes . 
+
+The Mctcmfyjhofis of thz/Egyptians, that is, 
+the Belief of the Tranfmigratiori of Souls, was 
+.the Reafon of their worfhipping Oxen, Dog?, 
+Cats, Serpents, Fowls,-&V. becaufe they be, - 
+lieved that the Souls of the Dead poffeffed thofe 
+Animals 3 but the Greeks and Romans did not 
+
+
+imitate them in this ftupid kind o��f Idolatry. 
+
+My chief Defign in writing this HTftpry, 
+is for the Young; and being fully convinced, 
+that nothing; oupht to be - laid before YoiitK, 
+but what incites to Morality and Virtue, there¬ 
+fore I have not faid any Thing of the'Cnmes, 
+Faults, or Vices of the Gods and GodddlTeS. 
+When they come to Maturity of Age'and judg¬ 
+ment, it is then Time enough to read of them 
+in the Fliflorians, Poets, and other Claffick Au¬ 
+thors, which they may do with lefs Hazard 
+of depraving them in their Morals. 
+
+It 
+
+
+
+The PREFACE. v 
+
+It is fit I fhould fay fomething here of the, 
+Theogony of Men and Women, their being 
+made Gods and Goddefles. Firft, the Ambition 
+of Emperors and Emperefles, of Kings, and 
+Queens, of Princes andPrincefles, to be revered 
+and refpcfted on the one Side •, and the Flattery 
+of their Subjects to worfhip and honour them 
+both while living and dead on the other hand. 
+Secondly, at the Beginning they worshipped 
+Wood and Stone without any human Shape ; 
+but Painters, Potters, and Statuaries, after 
+thefe Arts were brought to Perfection, and 
+that they painted, formed, and hewed them,, 
+with all the Parts of a “human Body to the 
+Life j this was another Reafon that gave Suc- 
+cefs to Superftition and Idolatry. The Hea¬ 
+thens laid they adored them, becaufe they be¬ 
+lieved the God refided in them. In a Word, 
+every Emperor, King or Prince’s Palace was 
+called Heaven 5 jheir Meat and Drink were 
+Nedlar and Ambrofia-, every Strangeror Friend 
+they entertained at their Table, Vas laid to feaffc 
+with the Gods. Two learned Clergymen have 
+written a Hiftory of the Gods and Goddefles- 
+for the Ufeof Schools ; when I read them both, 
+to my great Surprize, I found both filent, as 
+to the Oracles of the Gods and Goddefles, 
+Whatever Advantages the Heathens propofed 
+to Mankind, by deifying their Kings, Queens, 
+Princes and Princefles j we fee they expedted 
+more Advantages from them when they were 
+in Heaven, than when they were upon Earth, 
+This was done by the Relponfes of the Ora¬ 
+cles. Nothing was more famous than thefe* 
+Oracles , they were conlultcd not only for im- 
+
+A 5 portanc 
+
+
+
+vi The PREFACE. 
+
+portant Enterprizes, but even merely in Af¬ 
+fairs of private Life. Were they to make 
+Peace or War, to enadt Laws, to reform States, 
+to change the Conftitution * in all thefe Cafes, 
+they -had Recourfe to the Oracle by publick 
+Authority ; again, in private Life, if a Man 
+had a defign to marry, if he was to enter upon 
+a Journey, or, in fhort, whatever Bufinefs he 
+was to undertake, was he fick and out of Or¬ 
+der, he went diredlly to confult the Oracle. 
+Mens Defire of knowing of Futurity, of fe- 
+curing the Succefs of their Defigns ; that Cu- 
+riofity that is fo deeply rooted in human Na¬ 
+ture ; all thefe led,them to confult the Gods, 
+who were reputed prophetick : for all the Gods 
+had not that Character. Hence the Inftitu- 
+tion of Oracles, thatEagernefs to confult them, 
+and thole immenfe Donations wherewith their 
+Temples v/ere filled ; for an anxious Mind 
+fubdued with Curiofity fticks at nothing. The 
+Silence of thofe -worthy Clergymen, with re- 
+fpedt to the Oracles, was the chief Motive 
+which moved me to write the following 
+Htftory of the Gods , Goddejjes , &c. for the Ul'e 
+of Schools j hoping that it will anfwer the 
+Defign the better, as that Defedl is fupplied, 
+and thereby will be more ufeful to the Pub- 
+lick. The various Preparations that die jSiip- 
+pliants behoofed to undergo, before.- they.got 
+their Refponfes, and the different W a y 9 Ly 
+which the Oracles gave them, are very well 
+worth the Enquiry and Knowledge. both of 
+old and young. 
+
+-By this fmall Hiflory the young Readers 
+will fee the Claflicks, both Hiftorians and 
+
+Poets, 
+
+
+
+The PREFACE. 
+
+
+vn 
+
+
+m A A 
+
+Poets,, Gfreek and Latin; * .frequently quoted ; 
+which' will excite in them' a jDefire to know 
+them, Tinee they : learn but Parcels of them at 
+School y it Will alfb make th'em itrore d'efirotis, 
+by theirownDiligence, to read the v whole, from 
+the Beginning td : theEnd of the Book. 
+
+Schooltriafrers are very • neoefiary Mihifters 
+to the Church'and State j they lay the 1 Foun¬ 
+dation,* and'-the Uriiverfities build fche’Super- 
+ftruffeure upon that which- theWhaye bdgiln 
+and founded;' For the J moft part,'generally . 
+fjpeakihg, the literal Interpretation is * better 
+for the 1 Learner than the figurative-y and fofnc- 
+times they both muft be given* to the 'Bo^s 
+for Example, Cicero , in his Book * df- Offices, 
+fays. Cedent Arrna Log<e £s? - Laurea Lingua* 
+Arfos muft: give Place tb the Gown arid'Lau¬ 
+rels to the Tongue: This is the literal 1 Nich¬ 
+ing the. figurative is. The -General 4 ' imifi: 
+
+give the Right-Hand to the Judge, and the 
+Trophies of’Vldtory in War to the Eloquence 
+of 'the Biafi It is more noble and honourable 
+
+
+to Conquer--by Reafon and Eloquence, than 
+by-the Force'df-Arms ': Therefore the General 
+
+
+is not ^honourable -a Perfon in his Office .as 
+
+
+
+Tariff* Wot^Id : contribute a ] Stfrh^b’buy'Bboks 
+
+
+
+may' b£<~eftable'd-*td give ■ a Pro\edlfba tiy the 
+
+
+
+ii:ni 
+
+
+
+viii The PREFACE. 
+
+9 
+
+him have therefore in the School Library Ste~ 
+pbanus's T'hefaunts Linguae Latin*, Conjlantine’s 
+Greek Dictionary , Fabritius 9 s Fhefaunts Lingu* 
+Gr*c* & Latin *, Jhf. Le Clerk 9 s Bibliotheca Uni - 
+verfalis , Puffendorf *s Introduction to the Hijlory ' 
+Europe , with a good Edition or Commenta¬ 
+tor upon each of the Clafficks or Books taught 
+
+in the School. If the Collection of the Parifh is 
+
+• • 
+
+not fufficient to buy the Books which are necef-. 
+iary, the Minifter of the Parifh will not refufe 
+to preach a Charity Sermon once a Year, till 
+fuch Time as the School Library is fully fur- 
+nifhed with Books ncccflary for that Purpofe. 
+
+The only Way to teach Boys the Latin, 
+Greek, French , or Italian Tongues, v/ill be to 
+teach them fir ft the Grammar of their Mother 
+Tongue ; for the Art of Grammar is the fame 
+in all Languages, mutatis mutandis - 9 the Pro- ' 
+nunciation and Idiom of one Language, will 
+make feme Rules in the Grammar of one 
+Tongue which is not in the other ; but the 
+Art and Eflentials of Grammar will appear in 
+every one. If this Method be taken, a Boy 
+v/ill learn more in the half of the Time, than 
+is ufualiy taken to teach him. 
+
+I can make cut five regular Declenfions*, 
+and four regular Conjugations, befides irregu¬ 
+lar ones in both, out of the Englijh Tongue- 
+In the governing part of the Syntax of it, the 
+Prepofition to, lor the Dative Cafe, is for the 
+molt part fupprefied *, we lay, give me, I 
+gave you, I gave him. This appears in the 
+Latin , da mi hi , dedi tibi ; when I fay. Teach 
+me Grammar, Dcce me Grammaticam , I find, 
+me and Grammar , are in my Mother Tongue 
+
+both 
+
+
+
+The PREFACE. hr 
+
+both Accufatives. A regular EngUJh Verb 
+eonfifts only of three Words ; love* loved + 
+loving all the Times in the Moods and Tenfes 
+are made of thefe three Words, by the Addi¬ 
+tion or Afiiftance of the auxiliary or helping 
+Verbs, to have , to be , can . or couldy Jhall or 
+Jhouldy will or would. 
+
+We are in a great Miftake in explaining the 
+future Tenfe by Jhall or willy Amaboy I fhall 
+or will love. A Boy here may think that Jhall 
+or will are fynonymous •, but if we fay, I Jhall 
+upon Command, I will upon Choice love; 
+here a Boy will fee the different Meaning of 
+thefe two auxiliary Verbs* 
+
+It will alfo be to the Advantage of Boys ta 
+be taught the Art of Reafoning at School, for 
+the knowing the Operations of the Mind, as to 
+Apprehenfion and Judgment, will greatly con¬ 
+tribute to advance their Studies at the Univer- 
+fity, and be of great Service to them in any 
+Handicraft, or other Employment they fhall 
+follow, to live by. To know a true Syllogifm 
+from a Sophifm puts a Boy or Man upon his. 
+Guard, that in Reafoning they cannot be eafily 
+impofed upon, I can recommend no better Book, 
+for this Purpofe, than Dr. Watts' s Logicky or 
+Dune an'% Elements of Logick •, they are clearer,, 
+fuller, and eafier to be learned, than the Ars 
+Cogitandiy or L' Art de bien Penfer of the French ; 
+
+I defign, if it fhall pleafe God to blefs me 
+w ith Health, to write of the Art of War j of 
+the Art of Navigation and Ship-building; of 
+**he Art of Trade and Commerce ; the en-r 
+couraging of which will bring Wealth to our 
+Coffers, make us refpedt:d by our Allies, and 
+
+feared 
+
+
+
+x The PREFACE, 
+
+feared and dreaded,,by pur EnemiesBy slid 
+cultivating and improving of thefe'thre£\Arts, : 
+our Glory, Defence, and Riches depend. 
+
+The Proftitutions in the Temples of Venus, 
+of old and young* of married and unmarried 
+Women, were fo fcandalous and notoritiufs^ 
+that Modefty will. not allow the Tongue to.' 
+exprefs it, nor the Ear to hear it. They have^ 
+need of a long Spoon who fup with the Devil, 
+when once he has brought Mankind to the 
+Belief, that the gratifying of their carnal.Tufts, 
+that the committing of Sin was a religious: 
+Duty, in Honour of the Goddefs Venus , he got 
+them into his Net. We have therefore the . 
+greateftReafon to thank God, that we are born 
+of Chriftian Parents, within the Pale of a Church. 
+
+• that is not in the leaft tainted with Idolatry,; 
+wherein the Means of Grace, according to our 
+BlefTed Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrifi his In- 
+ftitution and Appointment, are duely, fully* 
+lawfully and regularly adminiftered, and there¬ 
+by the Hopes of Glory to the worthy Receivers, 
+through his Merits, are infeparably annexed.-i. 
+By the Greek and Latin Poets and Hiftorians 
+modern , in the Title Page, I mean the Tranfldf. 
+tions of them, as Pope’s Homer , Dry den’s Virgil, 
+and the Commentators on the Clafficks, fueiv * 
+as Servius upon Virgil , Por rent ins upon Horace i* 
+and fo of the reft * for virere it not for the Pains 
+and Induftry of thofe learned and judicious 
+Men, a great Part of the Clafficks would fteve 
+been dark and obfeuxe to us, who live two 
+thoufand and fome hundred years fince they 
+lived and wrote. 
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+
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+
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+t > 
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+m * 
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+t r -1 ' ' - ■ 
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+21 
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+r. Humphrey Higgins 
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+
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+
+Mr. John Viccary - • - 
+Mr. Thomas Vin<fe*~ ; — 
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+Mr. EdVvard Withe** 
+
+
+
+
+C^V 
+
+
+
+
+♦ t 
+
+
+
+
+Aaj- 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4 ^ 
+
+
+An- Ax p-habetxc ivx- 
+
+
+w /- 
+
+
+♦ J 
+
+
++ * 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+T 
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+bODS, GODDESSJBS,. 
+
+
+A 
+
+DON IS* Page i 
+
+_ Adrammelel^Aiiaiu-, 
+melek 3 * 
+
+geronia, Angeronia, Plea- 
+
+
+fure and Silence 
+.naces or Anattes 
+ntenor. See-gneas 
+.polio 
+acus 
+iolus 
+
+: s , iEfculanus, JEres 
+fculapius 
+.mphiaraus 
+.nna Pcrenna . 
+
+res, Areopagus. 
+Mars 
+
+iftarte. See Adonis 
+
+w 
+
+.urora 
+
+tuguftus. SeeCaefat; 
+
+:1 or Baalfemen 
+lacphus a 
+
+ieel-zebub . - . 
+
+
+4 
+
+■5* 
+
+68 
+
+6 , 
+
+ii 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+% 
+
+Bellona. See Mars 
+Berginus 
+Brachma . 
+
+Briarius and Argos. 
+
+C * * 
+
+Cabiri 
+
+Calf Golden, • 
+
+# «, + % # - • 
+
+Camcena 
+
+Cailor and Pollux 
+Ceres 
+
+Ceres, her Fellivals 
+
+
+
+
+*3 
+
+ibid. 
+
+
+IS 
+
+
+
+*9*t 
+
+. i. 
+
+16 
+
+3 7 \ 
+
+- 
+
+i8r 
+
+*9 
+
+
+The Eleulinian Myfleries 
+Gefars 
+
+The City Founder. 
+Cham 
+Chamos 
+Ciirce 
+Cloacina 
+Cybele 
+
+B 
+
+Dagon 
+
+Death. See PJaenia 
+Demogorgon 
+Daphne " y 
+
+
+25 
+
+• • 
+
+26 
+
+• • 
+
+*8- 
+
+*W-; 
+
+,29; 
+
+32 
+
+
+3.7 L 
+3 ^: 
+
+, t M 
+
+ibid. 
+
+42 ) 
+
+401' 
+
+47V 
+
+4 «> 
+5°’ 
+
+
+Amazon^ 
+
+
+
+
+
+Amazons 
+Dsedalus 
+Deucalion 
+Diana 
+
+Dido and Eliza 
+Druids 
+
+DruideiTes 
+
+Eacus 
+
+Elyfian Fields 
+T artarus 
+Eneas 
+Ephefus 
+
+Equity and JulHce 
+Erichthonius 
+Efus 
+Evander 
+
+Europa 
+
+F 
+
+Fables of all Sorts 
+
+Fabulinus 
+
+Fame 
+
+Faith 
+
+Faunus and Fauna 
+Felicity 
+
+Feronia 
+
+Fire 
+
+Fleece Golden 
+
+Flora 
+
+Fortune 
+
+Frudtuofeia 
+
+Furies 
+
+G 
+
+Ganges 
+
+Genii or Demons 
+
+Giants 
+
+Gorgons 
+
+Graces 
+
+Great Britain 
+
+Great Mother-go ddi 
+
+Barpocrates 
+
+
+of the 
+
+
+Page 50 
+ibid, 
+
+I* 
+
+57 
+
+' 12 
+62 
+
+
+67 
+
+69 
+
+7* 
+
+.,? 2 
+
+ibid, 
+
+73 
+
+74 
+
+75 
+
+76 
+
+78 
+
+79 
+
+80 
+St 
+
+82 
+ibid, 
+
+83 
+
+84 
+88 
+
+ibid, 
+
+89 
+
+90 
+
+92 
+
+93 
+
+94 
+99 
+
+101 
+
+102 
+
+103 
+
+/ ' 
+
+105 
+
+
+Harpies | A j 
+
+Hercules l 0 5 
+
+Gods and GoddefTes of 
+
+
+Marriage 
+Homer 
+
+Honour and JulHce 
+Hope 
+
+I 
+
+0 
+
+Jagur or Jang 
+
+Janus 
+
+Jaiion 
+
+Idomeneua 
+
+Inachus 
+
+Ifis 
+
+Juba 
+
+Juno 
+
+Jupiter 
+
+JulHce 
+
+L 
+
+
+< >'■ 
+
+
+107 
+
+109 
+
+110 
+
+
+Lao-kium 
+Lares 
+Latona 
+Liberty 
+Lucina 
+
+M 
+
+Mannus 
+
+Mana or Mania 
+
+Mercury 
+
+Mercy 
+
+Minerva 
+
+Mars 
+
+Bellona 
+
+Minos 
+
+Modelly 
+
+Mules 
+
+
+Narnia 
+
+Naids 
+
+Nereus 
+
+Nereide# 
+
+Nymphs 
+
+N eptune 
+
+
+N 
+
+
+hi 
+
+% 
+
+,uz 
+
+ibid . 
+
+1x4 
+
+ll i 
+
+116 
+
+11$ 
+
+*J 9 
+
+. 1*9 
+
+125 
+
+*30 
+
+ibid1 
+
+*3* 
+
+132 
+
+*33 
+
+ibid * 
+
+
+♦ * 
+
+
+’ *34 
+
+ibid, 
+. ibid, 
+
+: *37 
+.133 
+
+* ""4.2 
+
+146 
+
+148 
+
+. ” 
+
+*?9 
+
+
+
+
+os3* 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+'3 
+
+C 
+
+4 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Gods, Goddeflcs, £?V. 
+
+i * 3 4 ** 1 ^ V - ^ ► /* mJ +m ~ ^ *w ' * ^ 
+
+O ..... Rifiis 
+
+
+M ^ .>i . 4 .#. y 
+
+*©gyges .*6r 
+
+'^ acl meL5?^j?.4. 'i|6 
+
+—--oFJupitej Haramon 
+
+, ",i68 
+
+{ — ; -. pf-Apolla atHel}a- 
+
+oi * _v u./iirnf v.rrr “■ - y 
+
+pons - . j *P9 
+
+~-of Delphi ' 170 
+
+rr~~— of Tmphomus, j 74 
+Oifacles of lefs'note ..,177 
+Various Manners in jyhich 
+\ * they were delivered .18 3 
+Jfjrpheus t<J : ,191 
+
+^—-— his Magic and Eyo- 
+
+(t^fions v x 95 
+
+fcjrjjona ,199 
+
+''Ofiilago ,.» ; ibid • 
+
+Gods over every Part of the 
+’ Body 200 
+
+
+Pallas 
+
+Palici 
+
+Pan 
+
+Panacea 
+
+Panda 
+
+Pandora 
+
+Parc® 
+
+Pecunia 
+
+Penates 
+
+Piety 
+
+
+P 
+
+
+ibid. 
+
+201 
+
+205 
+
+207 
+
+208 
+ibid, 
+ibid . 
+
+209 
+
+210 
+.214 
+
+
+Philip King of Macedojn 
+
+. :*.C 5 
+
+
+Pluto 
+
+Plutus 
+
+Poverty 
+
+Prayers 
+
+Priapus 
+
+Providence 
+
+
+
+
+5 % t 
+
+
+217 
+
+220 
+
+
+ibid,. 
+
+
+Q. 
+
+
+<2uies 
+
+R 
+
+Radamanthua 
+RHea • 
+
+
+« * ^ 
+
+
+- itiH*. 
+
+. -<4 T ' ' > 
+
+220 
+
+
+Rhus -,..227 
+
+-Ridiculus Hid. 
+
+Rome 4 ,228 
+
+S 
+
+Saron 228 
+
+Saturn - 229 
+
+Satyrs , z$z 
+
+Serapis 224 
+
+Sibyls ’ 22 c 
+
+Sibylline Verfes 23 7 
+
+Their Oracles and Wor- 
+
+v & *P - 240 
+
+Silenus 242 
+
+Sirens .... , ibid. 
+
+Sun, his different Names 
+
+
+Sylvanus 
+
+
+T 
+
+
+24 S 
+
+240 
+
+
+Tartarus. See Elyfian Fields 
+
+67 
+
+Tempeft 249 
+
+Temples to the Gods ibid. 
+
+Temple of Belus 2 54 . 
+
+Temple of Vulcan. ^57 
+
+Temples of Egypt 258 
+
+Temple of Diana of.Efdie^ 
+fus 259 
+
+Temples of Greece ji6 1 
+Temple of Delphi 265 
+Of the Pantheon, and others 
+. at Rome 266 . 
+
+Of Altars 268 
+
+Of the Sacred. Groves 270 
+Of San&uaries or Afyla 
+
+
+Terminus • 273 
+
+Themis 275 
+
+Titaea .276 
+
+Tranquillity zMd. 
+
+Tyber V: 278 
+
+The Ocean and* theJSek 
+
+280 
+
+Venua 
+
+
+% 
+
+
+
+
+
+A Lift of the Gods, Goddeffes, i3c. 
+
+
+
+V 
+
+• 
+
+Games of Ceres 
+
+3 °? 
+
+Venus 
+
+
+283 
+
+The Attiac Games 
+
+ibid* 
+
+Vefta 
+
+
+286 
+
+The Agonal Gaines 
+
+3 ° 5 ' 
+
+Vi&ory 
+
+
+289 
+
+Camp Games 
+
+. 3°7 
+
+Vulcan 
+
+* 
+
+290 
+
+Thofe of Caitor and Pul- 
+
+Uranus 
+
+
+293 
+
+lux 
+
+ibid 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+The Megalefian 
+
+Games 
+
+Water 
+
+
+294 
+
+
+308 
+
+
+X 
+
+9 
+
+Floral Games 
+
+ibid . 
+
+Xixutrus 
+
+
+298 
+
+Circeniian Games 
+
+310 
+
+
+Y 
+
+
+Crofs-vvay Games 
+
+311 
+
+Yncas of Peru 
+
+300 
+
+The Secular Games 
+
+312 
+
+Youth, 
+
+their 
+
+Gods and 
+
+Z 
+
+
+Games 
+
+301 
+
+Zamolxis 
+
+3 X S 
+
+The Gaines of Auguitus 
+
+Zogonoi 
+
+, 3 x 7 
+
+
+
+304 
+
+Zeumichius 
+
+ibid. 
+
+•The Capitoline Games ib*. 
+
+Zoara 
+
+# 
+
+• 
+
+
+
+
+
+HISTORY 
+
+
+
+HISTORY 
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+GODS, GODDESSES,^. 
+
+For the Ufe of Schools, by Queftibn and 
+
+
+Anfwer. 
+
+
+4 J. V "jr THO was Adonis, and how came he to be 
+
+made a God ? 
+
+▼ A. Adonis was the Son of Cynaras, King 
+of Cyprus , by his own Daughter Myrrba; that Princefs 
+conftrained to fly from her Father’s Anger (who had lam 
+with her without knowing who £he was, at a Time when 
+the Queen had gone from her Hulband to celebrate a 
+Feftival) retired into Arabia ; where the Gods, touched 
+with her Misfortunes and Repentance, transformed her 
+into the Tree which bears the precious Perfume called 
+after her Name. It was in that State Ihe brought forth 
+young Adonis , whom the neighbouring Nymphs took into 
+their Care at his Birth, and nurfed in the Caves of Arabia , 
+Adonis growing up repaired to the Court' of Byblos , in 
+Pbenicia, where he became the brighteft Ornament. 
+Here the Poets have given themfelves an unbounded 
+Freedom. Venus , fay they, became defperately in love 
+with the Youth, preferred the Conqueft of him to that of 
+the Gods themfelves, and abandoned the Manfions Cj'“ 
+thcra , Amatbus and Paphos, to follow Adonis in the Fore ft 
+of Lebanus , where he ufed to go a-hunting. Mars , jealous 
+of the Preference given by the Goddefs to that young 
+Prince, in Revenge had recourfe to the Afiiitance of bianr 9 
+who raifed a Boar that deflroyed Adonis. Venus coming 
+
+B to 
+
+
+2 Hijlory of theG ods, Goddefles, 
+
+to the Knowledge of this fad Accident, exprefled all De¬ 
+mo nitrations of die deepeK Sorrow. Vide Ovidii Morpba~ 
+ft arum, lib rum x. 
+
+■— Pariterque Jinus , pariterque Capillos 
+
+Rupit, ut indigins ferczjfit pedlar a palm is. 
+
+In the mean Time the young Prince defeended into 
+Pluto's Kingdom, and inflamed ProJ'crpine with the foft 
+Pafiion: Venus afeends to Heaven to procure his Return 
+from her F ather ^Jupiter ; but the Goddefs of Hell refufed 
+to give him back. The Father of the Gods, puzzled 
+with fo n*ice an Affair, referred the Decifion thereof to 
+the Mufe Calliope, who hoped to fatisfy the two God- 
+deffes by delivering him up to them alternately: The 
+Hours were fent to Pluto to bring back Adonis ; and from 
+that Time he continued every Year fix Months upon Earth 
+with his beloved Venus, and fix Months in Hell. 
+
+M. le Cl ere, after S’ el den and Mar/bam , having been more 
+inclined to take this Fable fr.om Pburnulus, and other My¬ 
+thologies, than from Ovid, relates and explains it thus. 
+Bib. 'font. 3. Cinnyrus or Cinyras, the Grandfather of 
+adonis, having drunken one Day to excefs, fell afleep in 
+an indecent Poflure, Mor or Myrrba, his Daughter-in- 
+law, Ammons Wife, accompanied with her Son Adonis, 
+having feen him in this Poflure, apprifed her Hulband of 
+it: He, after Cinyras was become fober, informed him of 
+what had happened, which fo provoked him, that he 
+poured out Imprecations on his Daughter-in-law, and his 
+Grandfon. Here, without going any further, fays M. 
+ie Clerc , is the Foundation of the pretended Incefl; which 
+Ovid fpeaks of; the Poet having reprefented the indi- 
+fereet Curiofity of that Princefs, as a real Incefl. Myrrba 
+loaded with her Father’s Curfes, retired into Arabia ; 
+where flic abode for fouie time; and this again is what 
+gave the fame Poet Gccafion to fay, that this was- the 
+Country where file was delivered of Adonis, becaufe that 
+young Prince happened to be educated there. Some .time 
+after, continues M. le. Clerc , Adonis , with Ammon his Fa¬ 
+ther, and Myrrba his Mother, went into Egypt, where, 
+upon Ammon's Death, that young Prince applied him- 
+•felf wholly to the Improvement of that People, taught 
+them Agriculture, and enafted many excellent Laws con¬ 
+cerning 
+
+
+
+9 
+
+► 
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 3 
+
+cerning the Property of Lands. Aft arte or 1 fts his Wife, 
+was paffionately fond of him ; and they lived like a Lover 
+and a Miftrefs. Adonis having gone into Syria, was 
+wounded in the ‘Groin by a Boar, in the Forefl of Mount, 
+Lcbanus , where he had been hunting. Aftarte appre¬ 
+hending his Wound to be mortal, was fo deeply affedled 
+with Grief, that People believed he was attualjy dead, 
+and Egypt and Phenicia bewailed his Death : However he • 
+recovered, and their Mourning was turned into Extacy of 
+Joy. To perpetuate the Memory of this Event, an an¬ 
+nual Feftival was inftituted, during which, they firft 
+mourned for the Death of Adonis , and then rejoiced as for 
+his being again returned to Life. Adonis , according to 
+the fame Author, was killed in Battle, and Ins Wife pro¬ 
+cured his Deification. After the Death of Adonis, Aftarte 
+governed Egypt with peaceful Sway, and acquired divine 
+Honours. The Egyptians, whofe Theology was all fym- 
+bolical, reprefented them both afterwards under the Fi- - . 
+gure of an Ox, and of a Cow, to inform Pofterity that 
+they had taught Agriculture. Adonis lived in the Year of 
+the World 2530, 1470 before Chrifl, to which add 1750, 
+makes it 3220 Years fince his Time. 
+
+• i?. Who were Contemporaries with Adonis ? 
+
+A. Ebud a Benjamite, Eumopolus King of Thrace, A- 
+crifeus King of Argos. Jupiter King of Crete was Father 
+to Adonis. Pros at this Time builds Troy , and wars with 
+Tantalus . Ronius King of Spain. Cocylus the Phyfician, 
+who cured Adonis of the Wound he received in his Groin 
+from the Boar, Cocylus was the Difciple to the great 
+Chiron the Phyfician. No Poets and Hiflorians at this 
+Time. 
+
+How came Adrainmelcktsndi Anammchk to be Gods ?■ 
+
+A„ The’ infpired Writers freqaendy reproached the 
+J/raelites for worlhiping the Gods of their heathen Neigh¬ 
+bours, and from their Writings we have the Knowledge 
+of many of thofe Gods, and can give the Names of fe- 
+veral Idols that were adored in Syria and the adjacent 
+Countries. Thus from the Book of Gcnefts, chap. xxxi. 
+v/e learn that the Tcrap hi ms were worihipped by the 
+Chaldeans. Ifaiab, chap. xlvi. gives Bel a Place among 
+the God? of the Babylonians: Jeremiah adds Ne'- :- and 
+* v j the fecond Book of Kings, chap. xvii. takes in Nef- 
+
+B 2 rock 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+4 Hiftory of theG ods, GoddefTes, &V. 
+
+reek and Sue cot h Bc.-.otb. The fame Book informs us, that 
+yfbima was the God of the Hematbians ; Adrujnjnelek and 
+Anammelek the Gods of Sephar^uaim; Negrol the Idol of 
+the Cut hi an s ; Ntbba% and Bart ak, thofe of the Hivcatts. 
+The Syria?:s in general worfliipped Rf?n?non. z Kings v. 18. 
+Baal, Gad, Jojhua ii. and the Gods .of the Mountains. 
+We read in the Book of Numbers that Baa l-Peg or was the 
+great Divinity’ of the Midi unites and Moabites ; that the 
+latter worfhipped alfo Pea or Chamos. The Ammonites' 
+acknowledged for their Sovereign the God Molok $ and 
+the SidoJtians Aftarcth , or Aft arte. . 
+
+The Idolatry of the Philifines was not uniform, and 
+tho’ Aft Gratis was their great Diyinity, yet they had others 
+peculiar to each. City. Thus thofe of Afoth worshipped 
+Dagon ; thofe of Afcal on, Dorcete. or site?'gat is, fee Diodo¬ 
+rus Siculus; thofe of At car on, Beelzebub, 2 Kings i. 2. 
+thofe of Gaza, Marnack, as we learn from. Bochart* Ta 
+fine, thofe of Byblos and their Neighbours, Adonis or 
+ffbasntnus , of whom the Prophet Edzekiel, chap. viii. 5.14. 
+makes mention. 
+
+We read in Scripture of fcveral other Gods of the Na¬ 
+tions bordering upon Judea ; fach as Kiutn, Amos Vi Baal- 
+Xephon, Exodus xiv. Baal-Bcrith , Judges viii. 33. The 
+Gods of the Inhabitants of Mount Seir, z Cbron . xxv. and 
+in general of all the Abominations that brought on the 
+Ruin of the d/norites, * 
+
+Q How came Agera?iia, or Angeronia y and Pleafure to 
+be made the G od dels of Silence P 
+
+A. Silence, or the Art of governing the Tongue, is- a 
+Virtue perhaps greater, and more rare than is commonly 
+thought, of which the Ancients were fo fcniible as to make 
+a Divinity of it; This is what the Orientals worfhipped 
+under the Name of Harpocrates \ The Romans made her 
+a Goddcfs, called her ygeronia or stngeronia ; The Feaft 
+inflituted in Honour of her was celebrated every Year on 
+the 21 it of Decembc?\ in the Temple of die Goddefs Vo- 
+luptia or Pleafure, where this Goddefs had her Statue, fee 
+Macrohius Sat. B. i. ch. io. For, to mention it here by 
+the Way, Pleafure was alfo promoted to a Divinity 
+what could be the Meaning oF diat AfTociation of Silence 
+with PInjure? Was k to fet forth that he who knows how 
+to conceal his Griefs, and far more to fubdue them,, ar¬ 
+rived 
+
+
+
+Ififtory of the Gads, Goddefles, &c. g 
+
+rived at laft to that calm and fedate State wherein the 
+Soul feems pofleffed of its higheft Willies, a State where¬ 
+in the wifeft PhilofOphcrs made true Plcafure to confift ? 
+This is what I am not able to determine. We learn from 
+JuliusModeji us, that the Romans, afflicted with the Squinfy, 
+had recourle to this Goddcls of Silence, and foon found 
+Relief from her, which gave rife to the Sacrifices that- 
+were fegulary oiFered to her from that Time. 
+
+Monuments reprefent her under the Figure of a Woman, 
+who, Harpzcrates like, holds a Finger to his Mouth. Some¬ 
+times her Statues are charged with Symbols, as thofe of 
+that God, which Figures we call Pantheos . Thus, is that 
+publifhed by M. Majfci, fne carries upon her Head the 
+Calatbus of Seraphis, and holds in her Hand Hercules* s 
+Club, while at her two Sides (he has the Capes of Caftor 
+and Pollux , furmounted with the two Stars of thefeGods. 
+Numa Pompitins regulated the Worihip of this Goddefe 
+under the Name of facita. 
+
+\ 
+
+^ Who were the Gods called Ana&es ? 
+
+A. Cicero , of the Nature of the Gods, Book iii. fpeaks of 
+three Sorts of Anadics-, the firft were the Sons of an an¬ 
+cient fu/iter , King of Athens, and of Prefer pine ; their 
+Names Pritopatreus, Euhuleus , and Dionyfus; the fecond 
+were the Sons of the third Jupiter and he da ; thefe were 
+Caftor and Pollux 3 the laft were Aloe and Melampus, E7.n0- 
+lus the Son, of jltrous; fome Ancients reckon a much 
+greater Number of them, fince they confound them with 
+the twelve great Gods. Accordingly Paufanias tells us, 
+that Hercules , after having pillaged Elis to be avenged of 
+Augias , fet up fix Altars to the twelve great Gods or 
+AnaSes, fo that there were two of thefe Gods for each 
+Altar. 
+
+Authors are not agreed about the Etymology of the 
+Name given thefe Gods ; Plutarch thinks it was given to 
+the Tyndarides , either upon the Account of their having 
+procured Peace, or becaufe they had been placed among 
+the Stars, which makes Horace , Lib. i. Od. 3, fay. Sic 
+Fratres Helenas lucidaJicUra. 
+
+Take the PafTage from Plutarch, according to M. Da - 
+tier's Tranflation, “ Caftor and Pollux being Mafters in. 
+“ Athens , demanded only to be initiated : They were 
+“ therefore admitted into the Fraternity of the great 
+
+B 3 ts Myfteries, 
+
+
+
+
+
+6 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, tSc. 
+
+* 
+
+, “ My Series, after having been before adopted by Aphid- 
+<e n-s, as Hii ntiis had been by Pylivs : They had divine 
+“ Honours paid to them, and now defigned AnaSies, 
+“ either for having put an End to the War, or becaufs 
+they had taken fo great Care of the Athenians , that 
+altho’ the City was full of Troops, yet nobody in it 
+* L had received the fmalleft Injury; for this Word is de- 
+* c rived from a Term which hgnifies to proteSl, to he care - 
+“ f u U and perhaps from thence Kings have been called 
+Ana&cs , as being Prote&ors, or Fathers of their Peo- 
+€< pie. There are fome, however, who tell us, that this 
+“ iiime was given to the Tyndarides, upon Account of 
+<e their Confutations, which appear in the Heavens ; for 
+* c the Athenians call Anecas ana Anecathen, what others 
+“ call Ano and Anothon above." Whatever be in that, 
+Caftor and Pollux were indeed very juftly taken into the 
+Number of the Gods Ayaftes : But they were not the foie, 
+nor the moil ancient Gods of that Name, which was not 
+known to the Greeks till the Arrival of the PherAcians , 
+among whom the Defcendants of Anak (who had reigned 
+at Arid > or Hcbi'on , as we fee JoJhuah xv. 13.) who were 
+famous, as we fhall obferve in'the Hiftory of the Giants, 
+Further, I am perfuaded that Anafles was not a Name 
+given to all Kings in general (alcho’ in the Greek Lan¬ 
+guage that Word properly imports King ; Anafies Rfgcs y 
+Homer gives this Name to moft of his Gods and Kings, 
+to denote the Care which they took of their People ; and 
+we find it upon Medals ; it comes from the Word *r«ercr<v, 
+regno, I reign. ’ 
+
+
+. Who was Apollo , and how comes he to be made a 
+God? 
+
+A. Cicero , in Ills Book of the Nature of the Gods, diflin- 
+guifhes four Apollos; -the firft, the Son of Vulcan , was the 
+tutelar Deity of the Athenians ; the fecond was the. Son 
+of Ccrybas , and Native of Crete, who 'is faid to have waged 
+War with Jupiter himfelf for that Iflahd; the third, who. 
+puffed from the Country of the Hyperboreans to Delphos, 
+was the Son of the third' Jupiter and hatona ; the fourth 
+was of Arcadia , and went by the Name of Nomion, be- 
+caufc he had given Laws to the Arcadians . It would feem 
+that Cicero had taken thefe" four Apollos for real Perfonages: 
+However Vojjftus , in his Book of the Origin and Progrtfs 
+
+of 
+
+
+
+liiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, 7 
+
+of Idolatry , reckons this God only a metaphorical Per¬ 
+sonage, and maintains that there never was another Apollo 
+but the Sun: Here are the Reafons he relies upon; if, 
+fays he, Apollo has been accounted the Son of Jupiter, it 
+is becaufe that God was always reckoned by the Ancients 
+the Author of the World. His Mother- was faid to be 
+called Latona, a Name which dignifies hid, becaufe before 
+the Sun was created, all Things were wrapped up in the Ob- 
+fcurity and Darknefs of the Chaos. They ad'di that he was 
+born at Delos, a Name which' dignifies Manifeflatten, be¬ 
+caufe the Reams of this Luminary enlighten all the Earth ; 
+he is reprefented always beardlefs and youthful, becaufe‘the 
+Son never grows old, nor decays. What elfe can his Bow 
+and Arrows fignify but bis piercing Beams ? He was the 
+God of Medicine, becaufe the Sun makes the Plants to 
+
+* . r 
+
+grow whereof Medicaments are compofed. In fine, fays 
+he, let us run over all the Ceremonies of Worfhip that 
+were paid to him, we (hall fee that they had a plain Re¬ 
+lation to the Luminary which he reprefented ; whence he 
+concludes, that we were to feek for no other ^pdllo hut 
+the Sun, the Divinity adored over all the World. : : 
+
+I agree with this learned Author, the Ancients frequently 
+took ripollo for the Sun, and that moft of the Things they 
+faid of him are applicable to that Luminary ; but this 
+does not . prove but there was fome illuftribus Perfonage 
+named Apollo, who after his Apotheofis was taken for the 
+Sun ; as it happened in Egypt, that Ofir is and'Ori/.f/whofe 
+Exiftence cannot be called in Queftion, were after their 
+Death confounded with the Sun, whofe Symbols they be¬ 
+came ; whether it was believed their Souls had gone to 
+refide in that Luminary, or for fome other Reafon which 
+we know not. 
+
+. Among the Gods of Paganifm, there is none of whom 
+the Poets have fabled fo many Wonders as of Apollo ; and; 
+according to them, lie excelled in all the five Arts, fuch 
+as Poetry,' Mufick arid Eloquence ; and by an Hyperbole 
+common enough upon fuch Occafions, they fabled that 
+he was the Inventor of them. He was the God and Pro¬ 
+testor of the Poets, Muficians and Orators. The Mufcs, 
+as dhall be faid.in their Hidtory, were alfo under his Pro¬ 
+tection, and he prefided over their'Concerts ; add to this, 
+that there were none of the Gods who excelled fo much 
+as he in the Art of Prediction 5 and accordingly he, of all 
+
+B 4 otlierr. 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+& Hijiory of the Gods* Goddefles,.© 5 *?. 
+
+others* had the greateft Number of Oracles; as you will 
+fee in the Letter O, the Anfwers to the QuefHons .of the 
+feveral Oracles and the Refponfes given by them. To fo 
+many Perfections of Apollo was joined Beauty, Grace, the 
+Art of cultivating the Ear and Heart, no lefs by the Sweet- 
+nefs of his Eloquence, than by the harmonious Sounds of 
+his Lyre, which equally charmed Gods and Men. 
+
+Marfyas a Satyriit and Phrygian Mufician gave him a 
+Challange, which 4 polio accepted, on condition, fays 
+*, Taufont as , that the ViClor fliould ufe the Competitor as 
+he pleafed; and that God having won the Victory, caufed 
+him to be Head alive ; or, according to Diodorus , he per¬ 
+formed the cruel Operation himfelf. There are Authors 
+who take this to be a mere Allegory, founded upon the 
+TRiver Marfyas ' 1 s making a harfh difagreeable Sound and 
+Noife, fuch as is grating to the Ears ; or rather, if we 
+believe 'Fortutiio Liccti in his Chieragliphics , ch. 109, upon 
+this, that before the Invention of the Lyre, the Flute was 
+efteemed above all Inftruments of Mufick, and enriched 
+all thofe who could play upon it; and as the Lyre brought 
+the Flute into Difcord, and nothing was to be got by it, 
+hence they feigned that Apollo had liripped off Marfyas ’s 
+Skin : Which was the better imagined that the Money of 
+thofe Days was of Leather. I have faid that the Arrows 
+of Apollo were the Sun-beams, and that what gave rife to 
+two Fables of no lefs Note than Antiquity. The firft, 
+that to Apollo were always attributed fudden and untimely 
+Deaths ; of this we find an hundred Examples in Homer j. 
+and whenever that Poet fpealcs of any Death of that 
+kind, lie never fails to afcribe it to Apollo , or to Diana ; 
+with this Difference, that he imputes to the Gods thofe of 
+the Men, and to Diana thofe of the Women. But the 
+anoft noted Examples in Antiquity is that of Niobt's Chil¬ 
+dren, whom yfpdio and Diana Hew with their Darts. 
+
+All the ancient Hiftorians agree with Diodorus Siculus 
+and Apdicdoru: , that Niche was the Daughter of Tantalus , 
+and Siller of P> t ops ; for we muft not confound her, who 
+is the SubjeCl of this Fable, with another Niche, who was 
+the Daughter of Phoroncus, and whom Homer makes the 
+iiril Mortal whom Jupiter was in love with. Pi kps having 
+left Phrygia , to remove into that Part of Greece , which 
+fines took his Name, carried his Sifter Niohe with 
+him. Being delirous to fecure his own Dominions by 
+
+fome 
+
+
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 9 
+
+fomc Alliances that might fupport him againft the Affaults 
+of his Enemies, he gave her in Marriage to Ampbion , a 
+Prince equally powerful and eloquent; the Match was 
+very happy by the Fruitfulnefs of Niobe , who had a nu¬ 
+merous Progeny. Homer gives her twelve Children, fix. 
+Sons, and as many Daughters; Heredotus only two Sons 
+and three Daughters; Diodorus Siculus fourteen, feven 
+of cither Sex : Apollodorus , upon the Authority of Hefeod, 
+alledges fhe had ten Sons and as many Daughters. How¬ 
+ever that Author names only fourteen of them, as follows, 
+Sipylus, Minylus, If menus, Damachthon, Agency, Phedinus 
+and Tantalus, and as many Daughters, Etbodea , or ac¬ 
+cording to others, Thera, Chodoxa , AJlyoche, Plcthig » 
+Aftycratia and Ogygia. 
+
+Niobe elated upon Account of her Fruitfulnefs, difpifed 
+Lot on a , who in Revenge engaged Apollo and Diana to put... 
+all her Children to death, in tne manner that Ovid relates 
+from the ancient Poets, and as may he feen in Plutarch's 
+Book of Superflition. This Epifode ineenioufly invented, 
+contains a Hiftory as real as it is tragical. The Peftilence ■ 
+which defolated the City of Thebes , deftroyed all Niobe* s > 
+Children ; and becaufe contagious Diftempers ufed to be 
+attributed to the immoderate Heat/ of the Sun 5 hence . 
+they gave out that Apollo had (lain them with his Dart$. - 
+But if the Arrows of Apollo were upon' any Occafion fer- 
+viceable to him, they were upon the following one ex¬ 
+tremely fatal; Jupiter incenfed that Efculapius had reftored 
+Hippo lit us to Life, alledging that the Right of railing the - 
+Dead ought to be referved to himfelf alone, thunderftruck 
+the unhappy Phylician ; and Apollo to revenge the Death of* 
+his Son, having with his Dart flair, the Cyclops , who had 
+forged Jupiter's Thunder, was expelled Heaven. Thus * 
+being obliged to Ihift for his Living, he entred into« Ad- - 
+met bus's Service, and kept his Flocks. 
+
+, Boccace A?itiq % Expl. Tom . i. Upon, the Authority of * 
+Tkcodotian, fays,, this Adventure relates to^that Apollo 
+whom Cicero makes to have been the Law-giver-of the 
+A.f cadi a ns 9 and who was' dethroned for having governed 
+his Subjects with too much Severity: He retired- to the . 
+Court of Admetus, who received him favourably, and gave 
+him in Sovereignty that Part of his Dominions which lay 
+along the Banks of the River Amphrifin . Hence arofe . 
+this Fable of his havingbeen expelled Heaveim, becaufe he 
+
+B 5.’ had- 
+
+
+
+io HiftGryoftheG ods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+4 
+
+had actually been baniflied from his Throne. The Mean¬ 
+ing of his being reduced to keep Admetus *s Flocks, is, that 
+Admetus had put Tome of his Subjects under his Dominion, 
+and made him a King of Part of Phejfaly. King and Shep¬ 
+herd are frequently fynonimous Names, efpecially in Ho - 
+vKcr ; and indeed every King ought to' be the Shepherd of 
+his People, who are his true Flock. Itremains that I fpake 
+of the different Names of Apollo; as the whole World adored 
+this God, or .at leak the Sun, whofe,Symbol he was, he 
+had almoft as. many Names as there were .different 
+Countries that worlhipped him ; but befides thefe Names 
+.the Greeks and Romans gave him feveral others. 
+
+That of Vuhurtus was given him from a pretty lingular 
+'Adventure related by Canon. ‘Two Shepherds that were 
+feeding their Flocks upon Mount Liffus near Epbcfus , fee¬ 
+ing fome Bees come out of a Cavern, one of them let 
+himfelf down thither with a Bafket and there found a 
+
+• 9 
+
+Treafure : Fie who had remained above, having pulled 
+up the Treafure by means of the fame Balket, left his 
+Companion to Ihift for himfelf, not doubting but he 
+would foon perifh, While the deferted Shepherd was thus 
+abandoned to cruel Defpair, he funk down to lleep, and 
+-Apollo appeared to him in a Dream, bidding him bruife his 
+Body with a Flint-Hone, which accordingly he did $ fome 
+Vultures allured by the Scent of his Blood, entered into 
+the Cavern, and having lodged their Bills in his Wounds 
+and Cloaths, and at the fame time railing themfelves upon 
+their Wings, thus drew the poor Wretch out of the Cave. 
+So foon as he was cured,- he tabled his Complaint before 
+the Epbefian Magiftrates, who put the other Shepherd to 
+Death ; and giving him the half of the Gold that was 
+found in the Cave, he built with it upon the Mountain a 
+Temple in Honour of his Deliverer, under the Name 
+of Apollo over Vultures . 
+
+He was called Hyperborfan, for his being worlhipped 
+by the Northern Nations. Phoebus in Allulion to the'Light 
+and Heat of the Sun, which gives Life to all Things, or 
+from the Name of Phoebe Latoya's Mother : Delius , either 
+from the Ifland Delos where he was born, or becaufe he 
+enlightens all the World: Cynthius , from a Mountain of 
+that Name, as we learn from Servius and Fejlus: Epide- 
+Hus, from a Temple which he had near the Promontory of 
+Mi lea. Menophanesy who" commanded Mithridates's Flee.t, 
+
+having 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, Gaddefles, £sV. i t 
+
+having plundered the Ifland of Delos, ordered the Statue of 
+Apollo to be thrown into the Sea ; the 'Lacedemonians hav¬ 
+ing found it, built a Temple to this God, which they 
+named Epiddius, as it were to fignify that he came from 
+Delos. 
+
+dp olio lived in the Year of the World 2630, 1370 Years 
+before Gbrifl, to which add 1750, makes 3120 Years 
+fince his Time. 
+
+4 J. Who were Contemporaries with Apollo P 
+
+A . Gideon the Commander. and Ruler of the Jews. 
+Oehalus King of Laccdcmon. Capis King of Troy. Cocylus 
+the Phyfician, Difciple to Chiron the great Physician, the 
+fifth Son of Saturn and Phillyra ; he taught AEfculapius 
+Phyfic, • Apollo Mufic, and Hercules Aftronomy, and was 
+Tutor to Achilles. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+
+£>. What was AEacus, and how came he to be made 
+a God ? 
+
+
+/ 
+
+
+A. • AEacus was the Son of Jupiter and AEginqt, King of 
+Ocnopia, which from his Mother’s Name he called AEgir.a, 
+.fee Ovid Met. l.vii. /j.74. His Countiy being difpeopled by 
+a Plague, Jupiter at hisRequeft recruited him with Subj efts, 
+by turning Ants into Men, whom he therefore, called Myr¬ 
+midons. He had by Chiron's Daughter, called Endeis , tw o 
+Sons, Teta?nen and Peleus, and a third by a Daughter of 
+Ncreusy called Pj'amathe. The Reputation of Juftice was 
+fo great, that after his Death, they made him, by Pinto's 
+Commiifion, Judge of the infernal Bench, with his two 
+AiTelfors, Minos and Radavianthos. 
+
+
+Who were Contemporaries with AEacus ? 
+
+A. AEacus lived in the Year of the World 25 <jo before 
+Chrifl, to which add .1750, makes 3200 Years fince his 
+Time. His Contemporaries were Ehud the Bcryamhc, 
+Tortteui King of Babylon , Eu mo Ip us King of Thrace ,. Sthc- 
+. ?iobeca King of Argos, Minos the firft King of Crete, Re¬ 
+mus King of Gaul . No Poets, no Hiftorians at this - Time. 
+
+
+« 
+
+i£. Who was AEolus , and how came he to be made a 
+God ? 
+
+A. AEolus was King of the..AEolian Iflands, which lie 
+between Italy and Sicily, feven in Number, vise. Liparc , 
+Hi era, Strongyles, Didymce, Ericufa, Phan lien fa and Kno¬ 
+tty mo s ; he was faid to be the God of the Winds, becaufe 
+
+
+
+T 2 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 
+
+of his Skill in Aftronomy ; for he knew what Times, and 
+how long fiich Winds and Tempefts would laft; or be- 
+♦:aufe the Clouds and Mifts riling about thofe- Iflands r did 
+always portend great Winds; there was c£t Athc?is the Tem¬ 
+ple of the eight Winds, a Model whereof you have in 
+the firft Volume of Dr. Potter's Antiquities of Greece. 
+
+PE Who were Contemporaries with JEolus ? 
+
+- 4 . JEolus lived in the Year of the World 2460, 1540 
+Years before Chrijt; to which add 1750, makes it 3290 
+Years fince his Time. His Contemporaries Mofcs the 
+Commander and Law-giver of the Ifraelites ; Danaus King 
+o f Argot • Dardanus King of Troy from Italy . No Poets, 
+no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+^ How came JE?, JEfculanus and JEres to be Gods ? 
+
+SJ* As the Specie was coined of different Metals, efpe- 
+ciaily of Gold, Silver and Brafs, and as one Divinity 
+would have too much to do to take care of the different 
+Coinages, hence a peculiar one was appointed for each. 
+The chief Reafon of Emperors and Kings in this, was to 
+be a Check and Bar upon their Subjects not to counterfeit 
+or adulterate their Coin, there being a God or Goddeffes 
+over it to punifh them. The JSs or moft ancient Money 
+was firft ftamped by Ser<vius Tullius, whereas formerly it 
+was diftinguifhed only by Weight and not by any Image. 
+The firft Image was that of Pecus or fmall Cattle, whence 
+it took the Name of Pecunia . Afterwards it had on one 
+Side the Beak of a Ship, on the other a Janus, and fuch 
+were the Stamps of JEs: For as for the Triens, Quadram 
+and Sextans they had the Impreffion of aBoat upon them.. 
+A long time did the Romans ufe this and no other Money, 
+till after the War with Phyrrhus in the Year from the 
+Building of the City 980, five Years before the firft Punic 
+War, Silver began to be coined. The Stamps upon the 
+Silver Dcnarh are for the moft part Waggons with two or 
+four Beafts in them on the one Side, and on the Reverfe, 
+the Head of Rome, with an Helmet; the Vifioriali have 
+the Image of Vidlory fitting; the Sejlertii , ufually Cajlor 
+and Pollux on one Side, and both on the Reverfe the 
+Image of the City; fo the Cuftom continued during the 
+Common-wealth. Augujlus caufed Capricorn to be feC 
+upon his'Coin, and the fucceeding Emperors ordinarily 
+
+their own Effigies. Laft of all came np Coin of Gold, 
+
+which 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. i 
+
+which was fir ft ftamped 6z Years after that of Silver, in 
+the Confulfhip of M. Li<vius Salinator, with the fame 
+Stamp and Images. 
+
+X?. Who was JEfculapiusj and how came he to be made- 
+a God ? *■ 
+
+A. He was the Son of Apollo and the Nymph Coronis. 
+The Care of his Education was committed to Chiron,- who 
+taught him the Art of Phyfic, wherein he grew fo Ikilfui 
+that it was faid he railed feveral from, the Dead. Where¬ 
+upon Pluto complained of him to his Brother Jupiter, who - 
+ftruck him with Thunder. He weareth a Chaplet of Lau¬ 
+rel, that Tree being hereditary from his Father; he hath 
+a large matted Beard and a knotty Stick, a Symbol o£ 
+the Difficulty of his Art, in his right Hand, as he ap¬ 
+peared! on Greek Coins. This Rod is wound about with'. 
+Serpents, they being very medicinal in many Difeafes.. 
+He had two Sons Machao?i and Podalirius , who went with 
+Agamemnon to the ‘Trojan War 5 and two Daughters, He¬ 
+gira and Jafo . He was chiefly worfhipped at Epldattrus ; 
+from whence the Romans fetched him in the Time of 
+Peftilence. He had a Temple built for him in an Ifland • 
+by the Mouth of Tiber. Cicero reckoneth up four others 
+of this Name and Faculty. The firfl M/culapius , fays he, 
+the God of Arcadia , who pafifes for the Inventor of the 
+Probe and Manner of binding up Wounds, is the Son of 
+Apollo . The fecond, who was (lain by a Thunder-bolt, 
+and interred at CynoJ'ura , is the Brother to the fecond Mer¬ 
+cury. The third. Who found out the Ufe of Purgatives, 
+and the Art of drawing Teeth, is the Son of Arfippus and 
+Arfinoe ; he lived in the Year of the World 2460, the JEra 
+of Chrijl 1340. to which add 1750 makes it 3090 Years 
+fince his Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with JEfculapius ? 
+
+A. Gideon the Commander and Ruler of the Jews; 
+Ocbobus King of Lacedemon ; Capys King of Troy ; Cocytus 
+the Phyfician ; the firft and great Phylician Chiron the fifth 
+Son of Saturn and Ahillyra 5 he taught JEfculapius Phyfic, 
+Apollo Mufic, and Hercules Aftronomy, and was TutOf to 
+Achilles . No Poet, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+How came Amphiaraus to be made a God ? 
+
+A. Amphiaraus was a celebrated Soothfayer at the 
+Time of the War of Tbehh and a Man very confiderable 
+
+m - • 
+
+
+
+X4 Hijiory of the Gods,. GoddefTes, £dV. 
+
+- by Birth ; his Father was Oicles, descended in right Line 
+from Me lamp us; but to fupport the Reputation he had 
+acquired, of having Infight into Futurity, he was given 
+out to be the Son of Apollo and Hypernmcjira. A dr aJhis 
+the King of Argos , to whole Court he had retired, gave 
+him in Marriage his Daughter Eripby, who was the Caufe 
+of his Death, and of all the Misfortunes that befel his 
+Family afterwards. Whether this famous Soothfayer had 
+forefeen by the Principles of his Art, as Homer, Diodorus, 
+Pliny and. Statius will have it, that he was to perifli at the 
+War of Thebes, or rather, being afraid to engage in fo 
+hazardous an Expedition, he did all that lay in his Power 
+to prevent his going thither, and, having departed from 
+the Court of Adrajlus , hid himfelf To carefully, that it 
+would have been impofiible to difeover him, but for the 
+Treachery of his Wife, who informed Adratus her Bro¬ 
+ther of the Place of his Retreat. That Princefs preferred 
+the Prefervation of her Country to the Life of her Huf- 
+fcand; or rather, fhe was bribed by a Necklace of great 
+Value, which Adraflus, or, according to. others, Polynices 
+gave her, to induce her to. reveal to him the Secret. 
+Thus Ampbiaraus was necefiitated to go to the War with 
+the reft; but before he fet out, he ordered Alemeon his 
+Son to flay Eripbyle fo foon as he heard the News of his 
+Death. In fatt, he loft his Life there, as he had fore¬ 
+feen ; having fallen into a deep Pit in his Return from 
+that Expedition, while he was amufing himfelf in con- 
+fidering the Flight of fome Birds, to draw Omens from 
+them fee, Strabo, Book g ; which makes Paufanieis in Co - 
+rinth , Cap. 33. fay, that the Earth had opened and fwal- 
+lowed him up with his Chariot. Pindar aferibes this 
+Death to a fupernatural Caufe, when-he fays that Jupiter, 
+with a Thunderbolt, plunged him headlong, and his 
+Chariot, into the Bowels of the Earth, which happened, 
+according, to Strabo, in Attica near. Oropus , in a Place 
+named Harma, or the Chariot; and in Proof of this, that 
+learned Author relies upon the Authority of Homer, Iliad 
+Lib. z. Alemeon being apprifed of his Father’s Death, 
+executed the cruel Order he received from him, and flew 
+his Mother. Being forced to go to the Court of Ahegous 
+to be expiated from his Crime, according to the Man¬ 
+ner of that Age, and at the fame time to be delivered 
+from the Furies that perfecuted him* that is, from the 
+
+Stings 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &?<;. 15 
+
+Stings of his own Conference, which allowed him no 
+P.epofe, that Prince received him kindly, and gave him 
+his Daughter Alphcfibca in Marriage. 
+
+Ampbiaraus , after his Death was ranked among the 
+Demi-Gods, and honoured accordingly; if we may be¬ 
+lieve Paufanias, lie was even acknowledged and honoured 
+as a God, fee his Beotia, and the Orpians a People of" At¬ 
+tica built a Temple to him, which became famous after¬ 
+wards by the Oracles he delivered there. The Author, 
+now quoted, fpeaks alfo of another Temple which this 
+new God had at Argos, near which was the Tomb of 
+Eripbyie his Wife, and the Chapel of Baton his Relation 
+and Charioteer, who perifhed with him when he was 
+fwallowed up in the Earth. Tho’ Pbilofiratus, in the 
+Pidlure of Ampbiaraus,xt prefents him conducing his Cha¬ 
+riot himfelf, it is certain, from Paufanias and others', 
+that Balon ferved him for a Charioteer .on that Occafion. 
+He had alfo another Temple in Attica, lee Paufanias *s 
+Attics, near which was a Fountain which bore his Name, 
+and whofe Water was ufed neither for Sacrifices nor Luf- 
+trations, not fo much, as to wadi Hands; but thofe who 
+believed themfelves cured of fome Difeafe, by the Af- 
+fiftance of that God, were obliged to throw into it fome 
+Pieces of Gold or Silver, and what made that Fountain 
+the Object of Veneration, was, that Ampbiaraus, after his 
+Deification, was believed to have there rofe up from un¬ 
+der the Earth. Ampbiaraus lived .in the Year of the 
+World 2670, 1330 Years before Chriji , to which add 
+1750, makes it 3080 Years fince his Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Ampbiaraus ? 
+
+A. Gideon the General of the Jews ; Rumefis King of 
+Egypt ; Anahcs King of Babylon ; Hercule King of Argos ; 
+Minos the fecond King of Crete ; Cacus the Ufurper of 
+the Crown and Kingdom of Spain ; Galateus the fecond 
+King of Gaul. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+
+Who was Anna Perentia, and how came lhe to be 
+made a Goddefs. 
+
+A. She is reckon'd by fame Authors, the fame with 
+the Sifter of Dido , fo celebrated in the fourth Book of the 
+JEneid , and who retired into the Country of the Lau¬ 
+ren tines, where JEneas receiv’d her. But being afraid 
+
+that Lav ini a would take away her Life 5 lhe threw her- 
+
+felf 
+
+
+
+i -6 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, (Sc . 
+
+felf into the River Numicus, whereof fhe became one of 
+the Nymphs. Others think fhe was the Moon itfelf, 
+that had taken the Name of A?:?ia 9 from the Year ab 
+Anno, becaufe the Year confided then of Lunar Months. 
+But the molt common Opinion is, that fhe was an honed 
+Country Women, that brought the Romans feme Cakes 
+when they had made the Seceffion to the Advent in e 
+Mount, who in Gratitude would have her Name to be 
+perpetually honour'd. She is reckon’d among the Rural 
+Deities, upon the Authority of Va> ro, who places her in 
+the fame Rank with Pa/ss, Ceres, &c. 
+
+Who was Aurora , and how came fhe to he made a 
+Goddefs ? 
+
+A . The Daughter of Pi tan and Terra, or, as Hyjiod, 
+of Hyperion and Phia y Mother of Memnon by Pithanus, 
+Brother of Lao?ncdoiu She is feign’d to be the ruddy God¬ 
+defs of the Morning, the Meffenger of the approaching 
+Sun. Virgil giveth her a Chariot with four fine Horfes j 
+JE n. v.£35. but^>/. vii. 26. only two. Aurora fell in 
+love with Cephalus, who was married to Pracris , Dangh- 
+ter to Hyphiius King of Athens, and, not obtaining her 
+Defire, fent him home to his Wife in the Habit of a Mer¬ 
+chant to try her Cbaftity. He offering her Gifts in. 
+cafe of Compliance, fhe was at laft overcome, and con- 
+fented to his Embraces ; whereupon taking his own 
+Shape again, he obraided her with Difloyalty. Prods 
+fbr Shame fled into the Woods ; but being reconcil’d, 
+fhe gave her Hufband a Dart, which would never mifs, 
+and a Hound called Leelups ; with thefe Cephalus went' 
+into the Woods a hunting. She being jealous, went to 
+watch him, and hid herfelf in a Thicket. Cephalus be¬ 
+ing weary and hot, fat down near her, and call’d upon. 
+Aura to refrefh him. She, thinking he call’d upon Aurora, 
+roused up herfelf and ftirr'd the Bufh.es •, whereupon Cc- 
+phalus, thinking it to be a Wild Beall, threw the Javelin 
+and kill’d her. 
+
+Who were Aurora's Contemporaries ? 
+
+A. Aurora lived in the Year of the World 2800, 1110 
+Years before Chriji , to which add 175P, makes 2860 
+Years fince her Time. Her Contemporaries were David 
+King of Judah* Agis King of Lacedemon, JPlneas Sylr 
+
+wilts 
+
+% 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefies, &?<:. 17 
+
+tvhs King of Italy. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this 
+Time. 
+
+
+Q. Who were the Gods who went under the Names 
+©f Baal-, Bely Or Baalfemen ? 
+
+
+A. The Ammonites worfhipp’d him Under the Name of 
+Moloch , to whom they facrrficed their Children; the 
+Chaldceans, under the name of Bclus, Baal, or Baal - 
+ft men, which imports the Lord of Heaven 5 the Arabians 
+their Neigbours, who as Strabo (l) and Stephanas rela¬ 
+tes (2) made a daily Offering to him of Incenfe andr 
+other Perfumes, called him Adoneus ; the Moabites, Baal - 
+Phegor ; the Per fans, Mithras . He was named Afabitint 
+by the Ethiopians, Liber, or Bionyfius, by the Indians y 
+Apollo, or Pha:bus, by the Greeks and Romans (3) : In 
+fine, others called him Hercules, Belenus, Sec, In a Wordy 
+there was no Nation but paid a fuperflitious Worfhip tc r 
+this Luminary. Cafar tells us in particular, it was fo with- 
+the Germans, who y according to this Author,, owned no 
+other Gods, but thofe from whom they received fome 
+Benefit, as the S*m, the Moon, and the Fire. Dear urn 
+
+r.umero eos folurz ducu?it r quoruj/z epihris aperto ju<x)antur. 
+Solcm, Vat can am, & Lunam . Herodotus fays 23 xnuejs* 
+for the Maffcgotae, who, according to this Hiftorian, 
+facrificed Horfes to him, to fignify the Fleetnefs of this 
+Animal, the . rapid Motion of the Sun (4-). In fine, 
+all the Travellers, even the moft modem, give the fame 
+Account of alsioft all the Nations, of whom they have left- 
+us any Hiftory, efpecially of the Peruvians and Mexicans .. 
+If we credit an Author who has pubHfhed a learned- 
+Work upon the Manners of the Savages (5), there is 
+not in the vaft Continent of America any known People,, 
+but worfhip the Sun. Even the Tncas of Peru, and their 
+Defendants at this Day, as well as the Notches of Lotii- 
+fiana, like the ancient Kings and Heroes, who pretended 
+to be the Sons of Jupiter or Hercules, call themfeves the 
+Off-fpring of the Sun. The Jews themfelves were fome- 
+times carried away by this Superftition, fince the Holy 
+Scripture teaches us, that JoJias flew the Horfes and 
+
+
+(0 Lib. to. (2) Lib. q. (3) See upon all thefeN oflius 
+de Idol. Lib. 2. (4) Herod. Lib. iv. 1. cap . 226. 
+
+(5). P. Lafiiteau Mceuts des Savages. Tom. 1. p. 131. 
+
+burned 
+
+
+
+x 8 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, fisV. 
+
+burned the Chariots that had been con/ecrated to th£‘ 
+
+■ • A * 
+
+Sun, 2 Kings xxiii. 2. He few the Horfes which the 
+Kings of Judah had confecratrd — a fid burned the Chariot'S 
+of the Sun in the Fire, 1 Kings, Chap, xvii, &V. 
+
+Who was Bacchus, his Parents, Education ; and 
+how came he to be made a God ? 
+
+A, Vojfius, in his Treatife of Idolatry ,- has been at 
+great Pains to prove that Bacchus is Mofes ; and the chief 
+Heads of the Parallel which he draws between them, are 
+thefe; Mofes was born in Egypt* and fo was Bacchus 5 
+the firfl was expofed upon the Nile ; the Pdets fay the 
+fame of the fecond and both of their Name from their 
+Having been preferved from peri (hi ng by Water; for 
+Orpheus calls Bacchus My fas. The latter was educated in 
+a Mountain in Arabia , called Nyfa, in the fame Country 
+that Mofes fpent forty Years. The Poet Noimus fpeaks 
+of the Flight of Bacchus towards- the Water of the Red- 
+Sea ; nothing can agree more exactly to Mofes, The 
+Army of that God confining of Men and Women ac¬ 
+cording to Diodorus, traverfed Arabia in their Way .to 
+the Indies ; that of the Leg!flator full of Women and 
+Children pafled the Defart in their Way to Pafoftine, 
+which was in Afia, The Horns given to the fabulous 
+God, what are they but an Allufion to the Rays of Light, 
+which had the fame EiFedl upon Mofes' s Head as' two 
+Horns ? Is not Mount Nyfa the fame with Syria by the 
+Tranfpofition only of a (ingle Letter ? Father c Tbomafin % 
+Tom. 2. Lib. i. Ch. 50. Chap. 5. adds new Arguments 
+to fupport Kofius's Parallel. Bacchus arrived with his 
+Thryfis defeats the Giants, according to Nonnus ; and is 
+not Mofes obliged to combat with the Sons of Attach, the 
+remainder of the Giants ? And his Rod is an Inftrument 
+of his Miracles. The- Legiflator cro/Tes the Red-Sia ; 
+and Nonnus relates the fame Miracles of a Nymyh of 
+Bacchus, Jupiter fends Tfis to Bacchus, to order him to 
+go and deftroy an impious Nation in the Indies ; and 
+God orders Mofis to abolifli the Abominations of an 
+idolatrous People. Caleb, whofe Name comes near that 
+which (igniiies a Dog, was Mofes'* s faithful Companion ; 
+the Poets tell us that Pan gave Bacchus a Dog to ac¬ 
+company him in his Expeditions. Mofes and Jojhua ftopt 
+the Courfe of the Sun Nonnus fays.the-fame, of Bacchus 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods,' Goddeflbs,- &c. 19 
+
+3 n To many Words. The Legiflator in (hort makes 
+Streams of Water gufh out of a Rock ; the Conqueror', 
+by ftriking the Earth with his Thyrfis , brings forth from it 
+Torrents of Wine. There are learned Men who con¬ 
+tend that Bacchus is the fame with Noah , fince the Inven¬ 
+tion of the Vine, which is attributed to the Greeks , agrees 
+folely to that Patriarch, as we learn from Holy Scripture* 
+and thefe add with Reafon, that he is the firft and moft 
+ancient Bacchus and he who was the firft Model of aU 
+the reft. The Grecian Bacchus was the Son of Jupiter 
+and Semele, the Daughter of Cadmus . He was taken 
+out of his Mother, and fewed into Jupiter s Thigh, till 
+ripe for Birth. The Meaning of the Fable is, that, want¬ 
+ing two Months of the full time of Birth, he was care¬ 
+fully and tenderly nurfed by his Aunt Ino, afterward's 
+delivered to be fuckled by the Nymphs. He and Apollo 
+were by the Romans at leaft generally drawn young ; 
+the Greeks drew him under each Stage of Life, fuiting 
+him to the Four Seafons of the Year. In the Coins of 
+the Thebans, Naxians and Thajians he appeareth old, 
+under which Form they call him not Dionyfus, but 
+Zagreus. He was not only the Inventor of Wine, but 
+of other Liquors. The Poets metonymically put hitn for 
+Wine. He firft ufed a Diadem, and in India firft triumph¬ 
+ed in a Chariot drawn by Tygers ; Pliny fays with. 
+Elephants. He was among the firlt that taught to buy and 
+fell. He lived in the Year of the World 2610 Years, 
+to the Chriftian JEra 1390 Years ; to which add 1750:, 
+makes it 3140 Years fince his Time. 
+
+Who.were'Contemporaries with Bacchus? 
+
+A, Shamgar,T)obrah and Barak > Cccrops ; King of Athens 
+Tant ulus. King of Phrygia ; Argalus, King oiLacedemon; 
+Phocus, King of Corinth ; Jlus, King of Troy ; Lemarnevs 
+
+King of GuitL No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+■ 
+
+Who was Bcel-zebub ? And how came he to be 
+made a God ? . 
+
+A. Bctl-zebrib, the God of the Accronitcs, is one of thofe 
+whom the Holy Scripture frequently mentions. This 
+Name ftgnifies either, or as St. Augufinc, de Idolatria Lib. 
+2. cap. 8. the Prince of the Flics : But we know not 
+Selden arid Grctius' 5 Remarks, if this was the Name of 
+
+which 
+
+
+
+£o Hiftcry of the Gods, Gocfdefles, GV. 
+
+which the People of Accaron gave to that Idol, or if the 
+Jt- j.s called him fo by way of Derifion, ni-ucK after the 
+fame Way as the Prophets changed the name of Bethel, 
+which fignifies the Houfe of the Lord, into Bcth- 
+aveu, which imports the Houfe of Iniquity, becaufe. 
+“Jeroboam had fet up one of his Golden Calves. It is 
+probable however, that that People called their falfe 
+God by this Name, either becaufe his Temples were 
+exempt from Flies, or becaufe he had Power to. drive 
+them away from the Place they frequented. Accord¬ 
+ingly we learn from Pliny, that the Cyrenians offered- 
+Vidfims to the God Acher, for their Deliverance from 
+thofe Infe&s, which fometimes occafioned contagious 
+Diftempers in their Country. This Author remarks 
+that they died after offering Sacrifices to that Idol : Qua? 
+prothius h:tereunt , poflquam Ubatutn eft illi Deo . Thefe 
+two were not only the People who acknowledge a Fly de¬ 
+fraying God, fince the Greeks , the moft fuperftitious of all 
+Men, hadlikewife their Jupiter and their Hercules, Myadcs, 
+or Myagron, or Fly-Hunter. If we believe Paufanias, the- 
+.Origin of the Worfhip they paid to that Divinity was 
+.this ; Hercules , being molefted by thofe Infedts while he 
+was about to offer Sacrifices to Olypian Jupiter in the 
+Temple, offered a Vifiim to that God under the Name of 
+My-agron, upon which all the Flies flew away beyond the 
+River Alphsus . Pliny even afferts, that it was the conftant 
+Pra&ice as often as they celebrated the Olympic Games, 
+to facrifice to the God My odes, left the Flies fhould difturh 
+the Solemnity. Bcel-ztbztb is called in Holy Scripture, 
+the Prince of the Devils, which fhews us that he was 
+one of uhe principal Divinities of the Syrians . When- 
+Achaftas fent to confult him, the Prophet Elias thus ex- 
+poftulated with his Servants : Is there not a God in Ifrael? 
+H'hy then go you to confult Beel-xebub, the God of the Acca- 
+ronites f 2 Kings iii. 
+
+How came Beilona to be made aGoddefs ? 
+
+A. She was fometimes confounded with Pallas ; how¬ 
+ever in the better Authors of Mythology, they are often 
+diffinguifhed from one another. Accordingly Heftod calls 
+Be/lor, a the Daughter of Phorcys and Cetc, which was 
+never faid of Minerva,- Varro adds, that fhe was the 
+
+Sifter 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeflefs, &c« 2t 
+
+Siller of Mart, and that fhe was anciently named Duel- 
+lion a, the two Names, originally Latin, differ not from 
+one another, both of them fignifyingthe Goddefs of War ; 
+there are even others who make her Mars's Wife. 
+
+The Poets vied with one another in painting her as a 
+war-like Diyinity who prepared the Chariot and Horfes 
+of Mars, when, he fet out for War, as may be feen in. 
+Satins. Thob. lib. 2. v- 1718. according to Virgil JEnied, 
+lib. 8. v. 703. this Goddefs armed with a Whip animated* 
+Warriora to me. Battle. 
+
+Et fcvffa. gaudens ns adit difeordia pal la 9 
+Lhcam cum fanguineo fequztur Bel Iona flagella ; 
+
+Or in Lucian, s Stile. I!barf. lib. 3. ver. 568. 
+
+
+Sattguineum ueluti-qu aliens Bellonaflagellum. 
+
+
+She was reprefented, further, with her Hair dif- 
+jhevelled,. Holding a Torch in her Hand. 8 Hi us Italic 4 
+Panic, lib. 5. v. 221. 
+
+
+Ipfa facem qualiens, ac fbvvam fangnine mult a 
+Spar fa comam , media* aciens Bellona perendt . 
+
+
+Bellona had a Temple at Rome in the ninth Region. 
+near the Porta Carmentalis , and in that Temple the Senate 
+.gave Audience to the Ambaffadors, who were not allowed 
+to enter the .City., as alfo to Generals who returned from. 
+War. At the.Gate was a fmall Column called the War~ 
+like Column , againft* which they threw a Spear whenever 
+they declared War. Serajius fays, this Goddefs had her 
+Rank among the Gods who were called common , and was 
+reckoned equal, in Power to Mars the God of War. 'The 
+Prielts of Bellona called Bcllonarii , received their Prieft- 
+hood by Incifions that were made upon their Thighs, the 
+Blood whereof they received in the Palms of their Hands, 
+as we learn from T ertullian ; but Eleanus Lampridus , in 
+the Life of Commodus, cap. 9. tells us this Incifion was 
+made in the Arm, Be lion ce feruientes <vere exccare bracbiuvt 
+pr<eccpit, ftudio crudclitatis. Thefe poor Wretches, after 
+having thus drawn Blood from themfelves, by thefe cruel' 
+Incifions, made a Sacrifice of it to the Goddefs. This 
+Cruelty in latter Times however was only counterfeited. 
+Thefe Priefts were Phanaticks, who in their Fits of En- 
+
+thufiafm predicted the taking of Towns, the Defeat of 
+
+Enemies, 
+
+
+
+r 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+•i-2 Hiftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 
+
+■> 
+
+Enemies, and boded nothing but Blood and Havock; 
+Which makes Juvenal, Sat. iv. ver. i24. fay, 
+
+--»■ ■ ■ ■ ■ S'ed et Franaticus erflro 
+
+- Percuffus, Bellona, dominat , &C. 
+
+’’The Worlhip of Bellona, tho’ celebrated at Rome, was 
+yet more fo at Comana ; there were two principal Cities 
+Of that Name, where Ihe was honoured with a peculiar 
+Worlhip. Bellona is reprefented upon fome Monuments, 
+and upon the Medals of the Bruttians, together with Mars, 
+armed with a Pike .'and Buckler ; but it is very difficult to 
+diftinguifh her from Pallas . 
+
+The Goddefs Bellona was alfo highly worlliipped at 
+Capadocia, efpecially at Comona . There were two prin¬ 
+cipal Cities of that Name ; the one in Capadocia, and 
+the other in the Kingdom of Pontus; they were both con- 
+fecratcd to that Goddefs, and obferved much the fame 
+Ceremonies in the Worlhip they paid her. The Temple 
+which Ihe had at Cctnona of Cappadocia endued with a 
+-great deal of Ground, was ferved by a vail many Mi- 
+nifters, under the Authority of a Pontiff, a Man of great 
+Efteem, and of fuch Dignity, that he Hooped to none but 
+the King himfelf, and was commonly taken from the 
+royal Family ; his Office was for Life. Strabo , who 
+mentions the Worlhip paid by the Capadociavs to that 
+Goddefs, lib. 12. c. 13s- v. 137. tells us, that at the 
+Time of his travelling into that Country, there were more 
+than fix thoufand Perfons, Men and Women together, 
+confecrated to the Service of the Temple of Comona. 
+
+4 >. Who was Berginusy and how came he'to be made 
+a God ? 
+
+si. There is among the Inhabitants of Brefcia in Italy 
+a Figure found, which reprefented a young Man wrapped 
+up in a Drapery, which covered his whole Body, with 
+this Infcription, Bergino M. Nonius , M. F. Senccianus , 
+V. S. Marcus Nonius Senccianus, Jam dimes the Son of Mar¬ 
+cus , of the Flavian Tribe, has accompli fed the Vo*w which 
+be hud made to Bergir.vs. The Family of this Nonius Sc - 
+nccianus , was one of the mo ft considerable in Brefcia ; 
+and there was found in that fame City a Statue of another 
+Nonius, with this flattering Infcription, M. Nonius, a Youth , 
+the great Hope of the Brejcians. We know no tiling of this 
+
+Bcrgiuus, 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, £s?r. 2 3 
+
+.Berginus , who undoubtedly was worfhipped as a God by 
+the Brefciar.s, fince he had an Altar, of which the Hif- 
+torian of the Antiquities of Brefcia has given a Print, and 
+a Prieftefs who had the Charge of his Worfhip ; Bergi- 
+nm, no doubt, was the fame Hero of the Country. ' ' 
+
+Q. Who is Brachma , and how came he to be .made a 
+,GoiT? 
+
+A. The TheogOny of thofe Indian Priefts we call Bra¬ 
+wl m, or Brachmans . They got this Name from Brachma * 
+v/ho, according to the Indian Dottrine, is the firft of the 
+three Beings whom God created, and by whofe Means he 
+afterwards formed the World. This Brachma, fay their 
+Brachmans compofed and left to the Indians?-the four 
+Books which they call Beth , or Bed, in which all the 
+Ceremonies of Religion are comprifed ; and that is the 
+Reafbn why the Indians reprefent this God with four 
+Heads. The Word Brachsna , in the Indian Language, 
+Jignifies, He who penetrates into all Things . Father Kir- 
+cher (fee Herb. Bibl. Orient . pag. 212.) has given a Print 
+of the God Brachnta , and enlarged a good deal upon the 
+Mythology-of the Indians in Relation to him. The Gods 
+of the Brachmans , fays this learned Jefuit, are Brachma? 
+Vefne, or Vichnou , and But seen, and they are the Chiefs of 
+all the other Gods, whofe Number amounts to thirty three 
+Mahons; but all Mankind are fprung from Brachma , 
+and this God has produced as many Worlds as there are 
+farts in his Body. The firft of thefe Worlds, which is 
+
+I ovc the Heavens, fprung from his Brain; the fecond 
+)m his Eyes j the third from his Mouth; the fourth 
+5 m his left Ear; the fifth from the Palate, and from the 
+ongue ; the fixth from the Heart; the feventh from the 
+illy ; the eighth from the Parts that Modefty forbids to 
+Lme; the ninth from the Thigh; the tenth from the 
+nees; the eleventh from -the Heel; the twelfth from the 
+oc of the right Foot; the thirteenth from the Sole of 
+e left Foot; the fourteenth from the Air which encom- 
+ifTed him at the Time of thefe .Produttions, If the 
+rachmans be a (Iced the Reafon of a Theology fo ridi- 
+ilous, they aofwer, That the different Qualities of Men 
+u r c rife to it. The Wife and "Learned are meant by 
+•2 World fprung from Brachma $ Brain ; the Gluttonous 
+toe from Ins Belly; and fo of the reft. Hence thefe Priefts 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+24 Tr&ftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c\ 
+
+arc fo- curious in obferving Physiognomy and per fond! 
+"Qualities, pretending to divine to what World every one 
+belongs. 
+
+Thefe lame Bracbmans have imagined feven Seas ; one 
+-of Water, one of Milk,, one of Curds, a fourth of Butter, 
+
+-a fifth of Salt, -a fixth of Sugar; and in fine, a feventh of 
+Wine j and each of thefe Seas has its particular Paradifes, 
+Tome of them for the Wifer and more Refined, and the reft 
+Tor theSenfual and Voluptuous ; with this Difference, that 
+*he firft of thefe Paradifesi which unites us intimately with, 
+'the Divinity, has no need of any other Sort of Delights, 
+whereas the reft are ft ore d with all imaginary Pleafures. 
+
+I {hall only mention another wild Notion of the Indians 
+about the Formation of the World, which they believe to 
+Be a WorlcTpun by a Spider, and which lhall be deftroyed 
+when the Work returns into the Bowels of that Infeft. 
+
+Which were the different Names that Bacchus went 
+under ? 
+
+A. It is very probable that the Name of Bacchus , was 
+given him upon Account of the Lamentations and How- | 
+lings of the Bacchanalia. He was called Bimater, to de- ! 
+note that he had, in a manner, two Mothers. Dionyjius , in 
+Allufion to the God who was his Father, and to Mount 
+Nyfa, where he was educated. Libor, becaufe Wine en¬ 
+larges and exhilarates the Heart. Bromius, from the Noife 
+of the Bacchicmals . Liceus , becaufe he drives away all 
+Care. Evan, from the Ivy that was confecrated to him. 
+Levnrus or Porcularius , becaufe he invented the Ufe of the 
+Wine-prefs, and it is for the fame Reafbn that he was 
+termed Sabajivs . Biformis, becaufe he was fomedmes 
+reprefented like an Infant, fometimes like a bearded Man. 
+c Iriatnbes, becaufe he had triumphed three times. Euge Fill, 
+becaufe having transformed himfelf into a Lion, to defend 
+his Father againft ,the Giants, that God had animated 
+him by thefe Words, Euge F/li , Evohe Bacche, Well done 
+tny Son Bacchus. Dithgrambus , comes from the Fable 
+which imports that when the Giants had cut Bacchus in 
+Pieces, his Mother Ceres had collefted his diflipated Mem¬ 
+bers, and reilored him to Life. Mcliajks, from a Fountain 
+of tills Name, near which the Orgies were v celebrated. 
+Pfila was given him by the Amy cleans, from the Word 
+P/ila, which in the Dcrick Dialect, fignifies the Tip of the 
+Whig of a Fowl to intimate that Man is carried away 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 25 
+
+and born up by Wine, filch as a Bird in the Air by its 
+Wings; Cicorniger , from the Horns which he fo me times 
+wears, the Symbols of the Beams of the Sun, which this 
+God reprefented. Carimbifer, in Allufion to the Ivy 
+Branches named Corymhi, wherewith his Crown was fome- 
+times garnilhed. Several Names were given to the Wo¬ 
+men who celebrated his Feftivals ; they were called Bac¬ 
+chanals* from the Howlings and other Noife which they 
+made. Bimallonidcs, becaufe they pratled with an un¬ 
+bounded Freedom. Thyades* becaufe heated with Wine, 
+they roamed about like mad. 
+
+I have heard of Argus and Briareus , who were 
+
+they ? 
+
+J. Argus was the watchful Keeper of Jove's Miftrefs, 
+fet Centinel over her by Juno. The Poets feign that he 
+had an hundred Eyes, fome of which were placed before, 
+and fome behind, to watch Io, the Daughter of the River 
+Jnaehus, whom Jupiter turned into a Cow upon Juno's 
+furprizing him with her ; the Meaning is, (he was put 
+into a Ship who had a Cow upon its Forecaflle. Mercury , 
+at the Command of Jupiter, with his delightful Mulics* 
+locked up all his Eyes in Slumber, and killed him. June 
+placed his Eyes in her Peacock’s Tail, in Remembrance of 
+him. Macrobius makethhis Eyes the Stars, and Mercury 
+the Sun, which by their Appearance kiileth them, that 
+is, extinguilheth their Light. Sat. i, 19. 
+
+To clear up this Fable, Io, the Prieftefs of Juno* wa» 
+.beloved of Jupiter Apis , King of Argos, Niobe his Wife, 
+who was likewife called Juno, having- conceived a Jcaloufy 
+of her, put her under the Guard of her Uncle Argus , a 
+Man extreamly vigilant, vvhich inade the Poets give 
+him fo many Eyes. ^ 
+
+Briarcus was the Son of Titan and Terra, an huge Gi¬ 
+ant, whom Men call AEgaon (Hour. Iliad i. 403,) The 
+Poets feign him to have had ah hundred Arms, and fifty 
+Pleads. At the Defire of Thetis, the Daughter of Neptune , 
+he went into Heaven to afiiii Jupiter againft the rebellious 
+Gods, and put an End to the Mutiny; but he afterwards 
+rebelled with his Brethren, infomuch, that Jupiter (truck 
+him with his Bolt, and laid him ujider Mount jEtna. See 
+yi*gil 9 «d£n. x. 565, (fc. 
+
+
+Q 
+
+
+^ How 
+
+
+
+2 6 Htfiory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c* 
+
+
+i£. Who were the Gods called Cabiri ? 
+
+A. If we may believe Sanchoniathon , the Cabiri wen* 
+Natives of Phenizia : That Author fpeaks of them in two 
+Places of the Fragment ; he makes them to be defcended 
+from Sydik, and confounds them with the Diofcuri, likewife 
+called Cabiri, Ccrybantes , Samot braces. In the fecond 
+Place, where he mentions the fame Gods, he tells us, 
+that Chronos gave two of his Cities, namely Byblos to the 
+Goddefs Baaltis. and Bcryla to Neptune and the Cabiri , &c. 
+It appears therefore from that ancient Author, that the 
+Cabiri were the Sons of Sydik, and that they dwelt at 
+Beryla of Pbenicia ; and as the Defendants ot this Sydik, 
+whoever he was, were deified, it is highly probable the 
+Cabiri were fo too, and that it was in the City now named 
+they firfi received religious Worfhip. It is therefore cer¬ 
+tain, that the Cabiri were Pbenician Gods ; their very 
+Name is a Proof of it. Daznejius in Photius , {peaking of 
+Efculapius, one of the Sons of the fame Sydik, exprefsly 
+fays : Bfculapius , who was at Beryla 9 is not an Egyptian, 
+but a Pbenician by Birth ; for among the Sons of Sydik, who 
+hr ere filed Diofcuri or Cabiri, the eighth was called Efmu- 
+nus or Efculapius. 
+
+If we would know, in the next Place, how many Ca T 
+liri there were, and what their Names, we fhall find 
+great Diverfity of Opinions among the Ancients. As the 
+Sons of Sydik, according to Sanchoniathon , were denomi¬ 
+nated Cabiri , we muft admit eight of them, if we follow 
+his Opinion, fince Efculapius was his eighth Son. Strabo 
+reckons only three Cabiri, and tho’ he fubjoins three 
+Nymphs Cabaridal, that does not encreafe the.Number of 
+thefe Gods, fince they had either Sex indifferently given 
+
+them. TertulUan likewife reftritts their Number to three: 
+
+» ■ • 
+
+Trcs ara trim's Dzis parent magis potentibus ; eofdern Samo - 
+tbraces exifimant . Some Authors admit only two Cabiri . 
+to whom they alfo give different Names; for fome call 
+them Jupiter and Bacchus , and others Catlus .and Terra* 
+The old Scholia.fi upon Apollonius , affiirs us, that Mnafeas 
+reckoned three, which he called A<ryjt*e<, Afchiercs, 
+A%U*trx, Achiocerfa, A%io»grvs, Acbiocerfus . - Laftly, Dio- 
+73 f odor us adds a fourth, namely, Camillus, or Mercury . 
+Bochart , who of all the Moderns has given the moft hap¬ 
+py Interpretation of thefe Names, derives them from the 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of theG ods, Goddefles,. (Ac. 27 
+
+Phenician Language,. and. thinks the firft denotes Ceres ; 
+the fecond Projerpine; the third Pluto ; and the fourth. 
+Mercury. Reland , who has made a learned Diflertation 
+upon the Cabiri, admiring the Names of the four to be as 
+I have given them, concludes they were the Gods_of the 
+Dead. That Ceres was the Earth that covered them t 
+Pluto and Projerpine, the infernal Regions where they 
+came to dwell; and Camillus or Mercury, the God who 
+conduced them thither. n \- - 
+
+We learn from the Ancients what were the Ceremonies 
+ufed upon thofe who were initiated into thofe Myfteries„. 
+The Perfon to be initiated was feated on a Throne/ had a 
+Crown of Olive fet upon his Head, his Belly bound with 
+a purple Ribband, and the reft of the initiated danced 
+around him. See Plato's Dialogue of Eutbydemus ; Dion . 
+Chryf. Orat. 12. Proclus , lib. vi. cap. Ij$. 
+
+So valuable was this Initiation that Agamemnon , XJlyJJes, 
+rwid the other Heroes of the Trojan War, were deiirous to 
+receive the fame Honours ; fez Diodorus, Apollonius , Plu¬ 
+tarch in Alexander , Suidas, See. Macrobizts informs us. 
+Sat. lib. iii. c. 4. that Tarquineus the Son of Demaratus 
+the Corinthian, was alfo initiated into thefe Myfteries ; as 
+Iikewife Philip the Father of Alexander the Great , and 
+feveral others. 
+
+According to all the Ancients the Cabiri were of the 
+Number of the great Gods j now, no fuch Thing is faid 
+of the - Carybantrs, the Curetcs or the Idaei Datiyli. . The 
+Account which the bell Authors give of the Da&yli is, 
+that they were Natives of the Ifland of Crete, that they 
+were the firft who found out the Art of forging Iron, after 
+the burning of Mount Ida . The Account given of the 
+Curetcs, that they had the Care of Jupiter in his Infancy, 
+who made it their Bulinefs to hinder his Cries from being 
+heard, by clalhing upon their Spears, and dancing about 
+him ; This by no means agrees with what Antiquity re¬ 
+lates of the Cabiri, As for the Corybantes, thefe were the 
+Priefts of Cybele , who in the Myfteries of - that Goddefs 
+leaped and danced about her, and made a wild Kind of 
+Noife with their Arms. The Tt/chines were accounted a 
+Sort of Wizards, who travelled the Country to tell For¬ 
+tunes, and to attratt the Admiration of the Populace, 
+who are always apt to admire what carries an Air of 
+marvellous. 
+
+C 2 
+
+
+a>.' How 
+
+
+
+28 Iliffiory of the QodS} Goddefies s 
+
+
+Q- How came the Golden Calf to be worfhipped by the 
+Ifraelites as God ? 
+
+A . Apis, the Son of Jupiter by Niobe the Daughter of 
+Pharonausp .called alfo Serapis and Ofir is. fie was King 
+of .the Arrives, and married Ifis the Daughter of Inacbus y 
+He left,his Kingdom to his Brother AEgialeus, and palTed’ 
+over into Egypt , where he civilized the Inhabitants, taught 
+them to fow Corn and plant Vine3, and fo obliged them 
+that they made him their King, and worfhipped him after 
+his Death in the Form of an Ox, a Symbol of Hufbandry, 
+in Indication of whom, the Ifraelites that came from thence 
+made fame Golden pajfi. as the. Egyptians had that of, the 
+Ox Apis. The Prophet Amos, ch. v. ver. 26. upbraids 
+them for having led about in the Wildernefs the T 
+
+
+aber- 
+
+
+nacle of the God -Moloch, the Image of their Idol, and 
+the Star of the God Rempbam. By this it appears that 
+the Hebrews, who. derived from the Egyptians'that fatal 
+Propencicy which they >ad towards Idolatry, imitated theux 
+but top. often, not only, in ( the Solemnity of the Golden 
+Calf*. 'bpt alfa in' jhe Ceremonies of their Proceffion, 
+lodged in a 'Tabernacle the Figures of a Star, ;and a 
+Divinity adcnowledgcd to... be the King of thofe who 
+adored’ him; that is th,e God, of Egypt, the .Suni or Ojtris, 
+
+' ‘ le believed to have 
+
+t . w . o faid Exod, %z. 
+
+Behold the Gods,.yjbo have brought thee out Egypt,', 
+
+
+
+\ s 0 « 
+
+
+• - 5 ^Who was the poddefs Catrtasna ? 
+
+irs * *. A * ! t ‘ _ • * : • 
+
+
+
+iis wno preuaes.over pongs; put as 
+
+% 1 * » > ^ z w « * a '/■ ■,* 1 ij * 1 1 t*. 1 
+
+this. is. an Epithet given t to the Mufcs ,, it js prpbablethat 
+fhe was not diftinctfrom them; I. ihall therefore, fpeak of 
+her ’when we come to the Mufcs. . 
+
+# * « ^ # « j l « « • # 1 f ▼ # j 
+
+/ I * m \ 1 * 
+
+^; What was CifijiJ 
+
+y Sl,..\lefipd,yX& Jb 
+
+ning 
+
+'^reft6^;u^ortal G°ds. Gfewengebdered 
+Erabus, and ; Nigl>t, from; whole Mixture was bom AZther 
+and die iXay : ifrra Tformed afterwards Ccclus, or Hea¬ 
+ven, 'and ^therStars, the. Manfion of the immortal Gcde: 
+She Uk&vifiYqfmed the 'Mountains, and by her Mar- 
+
+* * A » - 4 • • - 9 * m 
+
+riage 
+
+
+Jr ^Tteogonv, fays,, that % in the .Bigin- 
+
+iRW^xWrCbaesi after tbi s Terra, the .Earth ; then 
+
+^ ’ ‘/t > r *■** - " % I yy m - — m ' 
+
+
+
+StftorycffheO ods, Goddefles, 29 
+
+riage with Ccelus , lhe brought forth Oceanu.t, the, Ocean, 
+and with him Cesus, Crieus, Hyperion , jdpetds 9 'TheJa\ Rhea, 
+Themis, Mncma/yne , Poehc, Tit by s and Saturn. She ^n- 
+gene! red like wife the Cyclops, Bronte, Sterbpe arid 
+who forged, the Thunder Jupiter yrzs armed With.* Thefe 
+Cyclops refembled the Other GoHs in ‘ every Thing except 
+that they' had but one Eye in the Middle of th^Forelfeads. 
+They were the Sons of Neptune and Amp hi trite} were 
+
+Afliftants to Vulcan in making Jupiter's ThUnder-bblts. 
+Polyphemus , Brontes and Stcropes are of mofTNote among 
+the Poets. They were an ancient People inhabiting the 
+Ifland of Sicily, which were mighty great Men, whence 
+the Poets gave them the Name of Giants ;' from the Chacs 
+
+to the Year 1748 inclufive, it is : 5^9^ Years. 1 •' ' 
+
+• • • * 
+
+• w 
+
+# 
+
+Who we.re Cajhr and Pollux , and how came they 
+to be made Gods ? / ’ 
+
+A. Ca ft or and Pollux were two of the principal Argo¬ 
+nauts, who diftinguiflied themfelves in the Expedition to 
+Colchis , no lefs by their Piety to the Gods, than by their 
+Courage and Valour. There is fome thing lingular in 
+the Fable, of their Birth. We are told, that LedietJ-xhe 
+Wife of Tyndarus, King of Sparta, was beloved by Jupiter ; 
+that he, having found Her upon the Banks of Eurotas , a 
+River in Laconia , had Venus transformed into an' Eagle, 
+and he himfclf a (Fumed the Figure of a Swan, who; being 
+purfued by the Eagle, flew for Shelter into the Arms or 
+Leda, who was with Child, and at the End of nine Months 
+file brought forth two Eggs, whereof 1 the one produced 
+Pollux and Helen, and the other Caflor and Clytemriejlra j 
+the two firft were reckoned the Children of Jupiter} and 
+the other two claimed Tyndarus for their Father. Apollo - 
+dor us relates the Story otherwife, and fays, Jupiter, being 
+in love with Nemefis , transformed himfelf into a Swan, 
+and metamorphofed his Miftrefs into a Duck, adding it 
+was fhe that gave Leda the Egg which lhe- had hatched, 
+and that confequently lhe. was the real Mother of the 
+Twin-brothers. Some Authors, in order to explain this 
+Fable, fay, it has no other Foundation but the Beauty of 
+Helen , and efpecially the Length and Whitenefs of her 
+Neck refembling that of a Swan. Be that as it will, the 
+Conjecture of thofe who will have it, that Leda had in¬ 
+troduced her Gallant into the highelt Apartment of her 
+
+C 3 Palace, 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+$o Hijioryof the Gods, Goddefles, f£c* 
+
+Palace, which was ufually of an oval Figure, and called 
+among the Lacedemonians «»«* the Egg, which gave rife 
+to the Fiction of the Egg. Be that as it will, Caflor and 
+Pollux fignalized themfelves by fo many illuftrous Actions, 
+that they had a juft Claim to be reputed Sons of Jupiter % 
+which is the Import of Dio/curl, the Name given them, 
+and which they bore ever afterwards. It was in the Expe¬ 
+dition to Colchis efpecially, that thofe two Heroes dilfin- 
+guifhed themfelves, and rendered themfelves worthy of 
+the Name they bore. Pollux flew the famous Aychus , who 
+challenged all the World at the Gauntlet-fight; this Vic¬ 
+tory,. and that which he gained afterwards at the.OIym- 
+pic Games, which HercuUs celebrated in Elis4 made him 
+be reckoned the Heroe and Patron ofWreftlers, while 
+
+• ' • § • ^ « fl • # 
+
+his Brother Cajlor difting'uifhed himfelf in the Race, and 
+in/the Art of breaking Horfes, as Horace Carm, lib. i. 
+fays after Homer , who calls himfelf a Breaker of Horfes. 
+Thefe two Heroes, after the Expedition to Colchis y figna¬ 
+lized themfelves by Sea, and cleared the Archipelago of 
+the Pirates.who infelted it, which ferved, .not a little after 
+their Death, to make them pafs for twoDivinhJeafriexxdJy 
+.to .Sailors. We.are told, .that during a;Storm at Sea two 
+Fires were feen to play around the Heads - of the Tyn~ 
+darida?,, and very foon after, the Storm ceafed. Thefe 
+Fires, wliich often appear ,‘at Sea in Time of a Storm, 
+were afterwards reckoned the Fires,of Cajlor ,and Pollux „ 
+When two of them were feen at a time, it was a,Prog- 
+nollicof. fair Weather 5 when only one of them appeared, 
+it was an infallible Sign of an approaching Storm, and 
+then they invoked the Aid of thefe two Herpes. As Pol¬ 
+lux was reputed immortal, being the Son of Jupiter wo 
+are told he^fiipplicated his Father to. put him to Death, 
+or to ftiare his Immortality with his Brother. Jupiter 
+heard his Prayer, fo that when Cajlor recovered Life, 
+Pollux loft it; and when Pollux returned into the World,' 
+Cajlor. r£-entred the Kingdom of the Dead. This by the 
+way, is that alternative Life and Death of which the 
+Poets have faid fo much after Homer , Odyflf. lib. ii. and 
+Pindar , and which Virgil^ -Eneid, lib. vi.. The Founda¬ 
+tion of which Fiction is* that the two Princes I am. fpeak- 
+ing of being dead, and advanced to the Rank of the 
+Gods, they, formed in the Heavens the Sign of the 
+Twins ; and becaufe one of die two Stars, of which it is 
+
+compofed 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+
+tliftory of the Gods, GriddeflcS, £f?c. 3 r 
+
+compofed, fets when the other rifes, hence the Fable now 
+mentioned took its Birth. Caftor and Pollux lived in the 
+Year of the World 2711: — To the Incarnation, makes 
+1289 Years;' to which add 1750, makes in all 3039 
+Years fmce their Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Caftor and Pollux ? 
+ft. Abimelcch ufurps the Kindorn of Ifrtiel. Be/us was 
+King of Baby lot;* Jafon's Expedition with the Argonauts - 
+Pliftbenes King of Argos. Adraftus Kingof Sicy on. Prla- 
+mus King of Troyf Brenner King of Germany . Chiron 
+the firft and great Phyfician; he was the fifth Son of Sa¬ 
+turn and Phillyra ; he taught AEfculapius Phyfic, Apollo 
+Mufic, and Hercules Agronomy, and was Tutor to Achil¬ 
+les* No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+
+i£. Who was Certs, and how came fhe to be made a 
+Goddefs ? 
+
+A, Ceres was the Daughter of Saturn and Ops, the God • 
+defs of Corn and Tillage. She had by ; 'Jupiter one 
+Daughter; named' Pro/erfina> whom Pluto privately en¬ 
+ticed aw£y, and took witn him into his infernal Kingdom. 
+Ceres milling Her, and not : knowing what was become of 
+her, lighted Torches on Mount JStna (where they haVe 
+burnt ever fince) and fought for her all the World, ovej*; 
+in her Travels fhe came xoYJvwgEUufius, and undertook 
+the Tuition of his Son Trlptolemus. When he was come 
+to Age, fhe provided him a Chariot drawn with winged 
+Dragons, that he might travel through' the World; and 
+teach People Hufbandry, who lived befbre 1 on : Acorns, 
+and other’ iiatural-ProdiidHons of the Earth. ' : After ward's, 
+hearing that her Daughter was carried atviy by Pluto, fhe 
+went to Jupiter , and complained to him of the Inj ury done 
+her. Jupiter granted that fhe fhould return back, upon 
+Condition fhe had tailed nothing in Hell wliilft fhe was 
+there ; but it being proved by the Witnefs of Afcalaphus, 
+that flie had eaten fome of a Pomegninatej' : as fhe walk¬ 
+ed in Pluto's O.chard, all Hopes* of Return vanffhed; 
+wherefore, in Revenge fhetuntecT Afcalaphhr ’ into an 
+Owl. At length, Jupiter, to ‘ Catfe his v SlflCrV- Grief, 
+granted that her Daughter fhould Kve'- Half tlie Y£arbe - 
+low with her Hufband, and tR£ other half with the 
+Gods above. Certs lived in the Year oTthe World 2706, 
+
+C . .. \ - • \ t * 
+
+4* : '—- - - at 
+
+
+
+32 Hijiory of. the Gods, GoddefTes, ISc. 
+
+at die Birth of Cbriji 1300 Years, to which add 1750, 
+.makes 3050 Years fince Cere j’s Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Ceres ? 
+
+A. An ah os King of Babylon. Laomedon King of Troy* 
+PhaJIus King of Sicyon, Anchifes the Father of AEneas. 
+feiunus King of the Abcrigetics. Galateus King of Gaul. 
+Linus the Son of Apollo and Tttpfchoje , a Theban , who 
+taught Mufic and Letters ; he was Mailer to Orpheus and 
+Hereul 1 s. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+A % 
+
+What were ■ the Elcujtnian Myfteries, and othtf 
+Feafts of CcYcs.? 
+
+A. The Sicilians ,. in Gratitude for the Obligations they 
+lay under to Ceres , founded Feafts and Myiteries to per¬ 
+petuate the Memory of her good Services. The Time of 
+the Year marked out the Reafon of their Inftitution, 
+fmee they were celebrated a little before the Harveft in 
+Honour of Profcrpine , and in Seed-time in Honour of 
+J)io. Both their Feafts were celebrated with a great deal 
+of Solemnity 5 and Diodorus Siculus informs us, that in 
+the latter, which lafted fix Days, they reprefented Men’s 
+ancient manner of living before the Invention of Agri* 
+culture. 
+
+The Inhabitants of Attica , gratefully affetted with the 
+Services of Cert s, as well as the Sicilians, diftinguifhed 
+tliemfeives alfo by Feafts inftituted to her Honour. The 
+former was called Proerofia, becaiife it was celebrated 
+before fowing and tilling ; and the Goddefs was termed 
+Proerojl t, according to the Cuftom of the Ancients, who 
+gave their Gods as many Names as they had Feafts and 
+Temples. • The fecond celebrated at Athens fometime 
+after, namely, about the Middle of Ottober , was named 
+Thr/mopharia, that is, The Fcaji of the Lcgijlatrcfs ; it was 
+inftituted by Tr it oleines ; but fome Egyptian Ceremonies, 
+afterwards added, that had a Reference to Orpheus and 
+the Dana ids, made fome Ancients fay., that it was the 
+Feaft of If s and Ofris , propogated from Egypt to Greece . 
+This Feaft lafted five Days at Athens , and two Women, 
+born of lawful Wedlock, werechofen every Day to pre- 
+fide therein ; and took Care to have Sacrifices offered ac¬ 
+cording to their Means, by the Hands of a Prieft, named 
+Stephanophorus , or crowned. They fet out from Athens to 
+Eleufs, when they performed Sacrifices on the fecond of 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 3 3 
+
+the Month Pyattepfon , which anfwcrs in Part to our Oc¬ 
+tober j and that Day was called Anodes, that is, the jSJccnt 
+becaufe they went up to Eleujis . The fame Women bore 
+upon their Heads the Books of the Laws of Dio, and 
+fung Hymns to her Honour; When they arrived, they 
+lived very refervedly, remote from the Company of Men, 
+and appeared in a modeft Habit, and without Crowns 
+upon their Heads 5 abllaining, efpecially, from eating of 
+Pomegranates, whofe Fruit had been fo fatal to the God- 
+defs : They even failed the third Day, which they pafled 
+in the Temple of Ceres, fitting at the Feet of her Altars. 
+Then they rallied one another to promote mutual Laugh¬ 
+ter, as Bavbo had done to Ceres, when ihe came into 
+her Hut. 
+
+Laft of all, they performed Sacrifices in fecret, the 
+Ceremonies whereof were not allowed to be divulged. 
+The Feaft ended with a Sacrifice named Zemina , that is, 
+of Atonement, being defigned to expiate the Faults they 
+had committed during the Solemnity. 
+
+The third Feaft: was celebra in the Month of De¬ 
+cember, and was called Aloa, from the W orcLAlos, which 
+fignifies a Barn-floor,, becaufe that was the^Time, when 
+they ufed to threih the Corn, and to be in the Barns. 
+But the moft folemn was, that which was celebrated at 
+EleuJU, in the Month of Augujl, it was named by way 
+of Excellency, the Myfteries. By whom this Feftival was 
+inftituted is not agreed. Some Authors will have- it to 
+have been by Erechtbeus , others by Mufeus, or Eumolpus , 
+or Orpheus 5 it was the Month Botdrontion , which anfwcrs 
+in Part to our Month of Augujl. Thcfe Things had given 
+rife to* its Inftitution ; the Invention of Agriculture, the 
+Laws of Ceres, and the other Adventures wnich befel her 
+at Eleujis ; and the Memory of all thefe was kept np by 
+particular Ceremonies.- See, Menjius , in his Treatife of the 
+EUufian Myfteris, and M. le Chrc, Bibl. Univ. Tom. vi. 
+Thus this Solemnity comprehended the Myfteries of all 
+the reft.-. - ' 1 
+
+The Eleufinian Myfteries were of two Sorts, the greater 
+and the lefler; one Qualification requifite to both was, to 
+be able to keep a great Secreti Though Triptolemus had 
+appointed that no Stranger fhould be capable: of being; 
+initiated into the great Myfteries, yet Hercules , to-whom 
+
+they durft refute nothing, demanded to be admitted, tp- 
+
+C 5 them,- 
+
+
+
+34 ,Hiftory of theG ods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+them, and upon his Account other Ceremonies were in- 
+ftituted, which they called the lefier Myfteries, and thefe 
+were celebrated afterwards at Agra near Athens . Thofe 
+who wereambitious of being admited to them, repaired to 
+this Place in the Month of November, facrificed to Ju~ 
+.piter, and kept the Victims to lay under his Feet, when 
+they were purified upon the Banks of the River HoJJus. 
+We know not exactly what Sorts of Ceremonies were 
+made ufe of in thofe Purifications; only that Salt was 
+there employed. Leaves of the Laurel-tree, Barley and 
+Crowns of Flowers, Sea-water and River-water: He who 
+performed the Ceremonies was called Udranus , becaufe 
+he poured Water npon the Candidates for the Myfteries. 
+It was alfo necefiary, during the whole Time, to keep 
+chafte ; and, laft' of all, to facrifice a Sow with young. 
+
+. Thefe lefier Myfteries ferved as' a Preparation for the 
+greater, which ivere celebrated at Eleufis ; and by 
+their Means Perfons were initiated into the fecret Cere¬ 
+monies of Ceres, After having pafled thro' a great many 
+Trials, the Perfon was Myftes , that is, qualified for being 
+very foon initiated into the Myfteries, and to become 
+. Epoples , or the Witnefs to the moft fecret Myfteries, which 
+was not procured till after five Years Probation ; during 
+which he might enter into the Veftible of the Temple, 
+but not into the San&uary ; and even when he was Epolts, 
+and enjoyed that Privilege, there were ftill.many Things, 
+.the Knowledge whereof was referved to the Priefts alone. 
+
+When one was initiated, he was introduced by Night 
+into the Temple, after having his Hands wafhed, at the 
+Entry, and a Crown of Myrtle put upon him. Then was 
+opened a little Box wherein were the Laws of Certs , and 
+the Ceremonies of her Myfteries ; and after having given 
+him thofe to read, he was to transcribe them. A flight 
+Repaft, in the Memory of that which the Goddefs had 
+got from Baulo , fucceeded this Ceremony; after which, 
+th zMyJies entered into the San&uary, over which the Prieft 
+drew the Veil, and then all was in Darknefs in the 
+Twinkling of an Eye. A bright Light fucceeded, and ex¬ 
+hibited to View the Statue of Ceres magnificently adorned; 
+. and while they were attentive in confidering it, the Light 
+again, difappeared, and all was once more wrapped up in 
+profound Darknefs. The Peals of Thunder that were 
+heard,.the Lightnings that flaflted from all Hands, the 
+
+Thunder 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, 35 
+
+Thunder that broke in the midft of the Sanctuary, and a 
+thoufand monftrous Figures that appeared on all : Sides, 
+filled the Initiated with Horror and Confirmation ; but 
+the next Moment a Calm Succeeded, and there appeared 
+in broach Day-light a charming Meadow, where all came 
+to dance and make merry together. It is probable, that 
+this Meadow was in a Place inclofed with Walls behind 
+the San&uary of the Temple, which they opened all of a 
+fudden, when the Day-light was let in ; and this Scene ap¬ 
+peared the more agreeable, that it fucceeded a Night when 
+nothing but doleful and hideous Obje£ts were to be feen. 
+There it was that amidft Jollity and Mirth all the Secrets 
+and Myfteries were revealed; according to fome Authors, 
+the moft unbounded Licentioufnefs reigned; the Mylofs 
+(the Figure of a Vulva) was there exhibited, which the 
+Sicilians bore about in the Feafts of Ceres, arid c Tertu Ilian 
+adds the Phallus (the Figure of a Penis) of the Egyptians. 
+But after all we know not well what palled there, thefe 
+Myfteries having been long kept an impenetrable Secret ; 
+and had it not been for fome Libertines, who got thenifelves 
+initiated in order to divulge them, they had never been, 
+brought to light. This much is true, that the greatefl 
+Modefty, and even a pretty fevere Chaftity was exacted 
+from the My flee and Women who preftded over the Feafts 
+of this Goddefs. The Purifications aud Oblations that 
+were there pra&ifed, would make one imagine they were 
+not fo diffolute as fome Authors have alledged ; unlefs 
+we will fay, that the Abufes, which the Fathers of the 
+Church fpeak of, were not .of the primadve Inftitution, 
+but had only crept into them afterwards'. The Night 
+being fpent in thefe Ceremonies, the Prieft difmifled the 
+^ftembly with fome barbarous Words, which fhews that 
+they had been inftituted by a People who fpoke another 
+Language. (Thefe Words were cotix and onx pax, which 
+M. le Clerc takes to lignify to <watcb and da no Evil) 
+namely, by the Egyptians . In a Word, that they were the 
+fame, as has been already faid, with the Myfteries of Ifis, 
+but to which the Greeks had, in Procefs of Time, added 
+a great many Ceremonies of their own. 
+
+i£. What d* you fay of the Minifters who officiated ia 
+thefe Feftivals } 
+
+■ 
+
+A. The firft was a Hierophantes, or a Myftagogus , that 
+
+is, a Man who fhews the facred Things, he was like wife 
+
+fome 
+
+
+
+g 6 Hijtory of the Gods, Goddefies, &cr. 
+
+fome times called a Prophet , and the Initiated were not 
+permitted to mention his Name to the Profane. This 
+Hierophantes was to be an Athenian of the Family of the 
+Euinolpidee, of a certain Age, with other Qualifications 
+prefcribed by the Laws, and efpeciaUy to keep a perpe¬ 
+tual Continence, The fecond was a Daducus, or Torch- 
+bearer ; the third, a facred Herald ; the fourth, a Mini fter 
+oft the Altar ; this was a young Man who put up Prayers 
+in Behalf of the AfTembly, ana was fubjedt to the fuperior 
+Minifters. Befides thefe four Miniflers, there were two 
+Prophets to do facrifice, and five Delegates to fee that all 
+Things were performed in order ; the firft was called the 
+Kriry, and the other four Ephncletes . 
+
+The Feaft of Initiation lafted nine Days; the firfl was 
+called s-'gyrmcs, or the Day of the AjJembly ; and it was 
+taken up in the Ceremonies I have been fpeaking of 
+on the fecond, the Myfta? were fent to the Sea to bathe 
+themfelves ; on the third was a facrificed Barbel with 
+Flowers and Cakes ; on the fourth, Oxen were yoked in 
+a Chariot whofe Wheels were made like Drums ; the 
+Women walked along with the Chariot, crying. Hail 
+Mother Dio ! and bearing little Boxes, in. which were 
+Cakes, Wool, Pomegranates and Poppies. None of the 
+Prophane durfl look upon this Chariot; and whoever 
+happened to be at the Windows were obliged to with¬ 
+draw ; on the fifth Day, they walked the Streets all Night 
+Jong, in Imitation that Ceres had made for her-Daughter j 
+on the iixth, they carried from Eleufts to Athens a large 
+Statue of a young Man, crowned with Myrtle, and bear¬ 
+ing in his Right-hand a Torch; liim they called Jac - 
+<hos y a Name which M.. le Clerc derives from the Pbe- 
+znciati Eaah, an Interjection of Joy and Tranfport; And 
+indeed, this accompanied with loud Ejaculations of Joy 
+and with Dancing; and it is very probable, that it repre- 
+fented thofe who accompanied Ceres in her Affliction; on 
+the feventh, were celebrated the Gymnic Gaines, where 
+the Combitants were naked ; thefe were the moll ancient 
+Carnes of Greece , inflituted in the Memory of the Inven¬ 
+tion of Tillage ; the eighth Day was employed in imita¬ 
+ting thofe on whom the Ceremony had not hitherto been 
+performed. This Day was termed Epidaufa, becaufe 
+JZfculapius had arrived on that Day from Epidaurus to be 
+initiated; a Favour winch they were very willing to grant 
+
+him ; 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, 37 
+
+him; the ninth was employed in filling two Vefifels with 
+Water, after which they were emptied in pronouncing 
+fbme Words, whereby, it feems, they fupplicated the 
+Goddefs for Rain, to fru&ify the' Earth, and that Day 
+was termed Plemechoe, a Word, importing, an Earthen Vef- 
+felflat at Bottom . 
+
+# 1 
+
+4 J. How came the Ctefars, the Roman Emperors, to- be 
+made Gods T * 
+
+A. The Romans having put the City into the Number 
+of the Gods, we need not doubt bus they would raife Ro¬ 
+mulus, the Founder of both their City and Empire, to the 
+fame Rank. In the Year of Rome 37, on the 7th of July, 
+as Dionyjius Halicarnajfus , lib. i» Plut, on Rom,' fays, as 
+Romulus was haranguing his Soldiers in a Plain near the 
+God’s Pond, whither the Senate had accompanied him, 
+there arofe a Storm, mingled with Hail and Thunder, fo 
+terrible, that almoft all retired, except the Senators, who* 
+taking Ad vantage of this Confternation, tore their Prince 
+in Pieces; and whether they had carefully concealed him* 
+or had each of them taken one of his Members, which 
+they concealed under their Robes, fo it was-that Romulus 
+appeared no more, nor was there any VefHge-of this 
+Parricide to be found. The Storm being over, thofe who 
+had withdrawn returned, and alked the Senators about 
+their King, by whom they were told, that he was fud- 
+denly carried away in a fiery Whirlwind, and that Hea'- 
+ven had fnatched him from die Earth; that in fhort, they 
+had Reafon to eonfole themfelves under this Lofs," fince, 
+inftead of a King, who ought indeed to be very dear to 
+them, they would have among the Gods a Prote&or, 
+who was never to abandon them. 
+
+The Romans, fatisfied with feeingtheirFounder feated 
+among the Gods, did not think of railing their other 
+Kings, nor any of their great Men to the fame Dignity 
+for feveral Ages ; dll at length, upon the Lofs of their 
+Liberty under Julius Caflar, they fufFered Auguflus his 
+Nephew and Succellbr to give ham Deification-, spread¬ 
+ing a Report, that Venus had come, as we read in Ovid's 
+Metamorph . Book xv. into the Middle of the Senate, at 
+the Time of that great Man’s Aflaffination, and placed 
+her Kinfman among the Stars. A new Star, or rather a 
+
+Comet, which appeared that Year, as Suetonius tells us, 
+
+favoured 
+
+
+
+gS Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c . 
+
+favoured the Apotheofis, and it was eafily believed to be 
+the Soul of that Prince. Temples were built to him, 
+wherein Sacrifices were offered, and his Statue was al¬ 
+ways reprefented fince with a Star over his Head. But 
+to fay the Truth, this Deification came fomewhat too late 
+the Times were hot fo fertile in Divinities as of old. 
+Whatever Veneration was paid to the Grand-Nephew 
+o tCcefar, this Deification did not Fail to provoke fome to 
+rally him; fome called him the Puppit-maker, others faid; 
+he took care to fill up the Vacancies in Heaven, which 
+had received no new Colony for a long Time. But Ait- 
+guftus made a Jell of thofe Scoffs, not doubting but he 
+himfelf fhould one Day receive the fame Honours. For 
+the great Affair is once to eftablifh a new Fafhion. His 
+Hope' was not vain, they did not fo much as defer the 
+Ceremonies till his Death 5 and, according to Appian , he 
+>vas hardly of the Age of eight and twenty when he was 
+acknowledged a tutelar God in all the Cities of the Empire. 
+
+. The deifying Spirit raged afterwards to fuch a Degree, 
+*hat they gave a Place among the Gods, not only to the 
+moll wicked Emperors, as, *1 ikerius, but alio to the mo ft 
+ftupid of them, as, Claudius, Several Empreffes had the • 
+fame Honours. I refer my Reader to Suetonius, who is 
+the only Biographer that has written the lives of the 
+Twelve Ccefars. 
+
+- Who were Contemporaries with^ 'Romulus , Julius 
+and Augujlus Cszfav ? " ' • 
+
+A. Romulus lived in the Year of the World 3098, which 
+was 902 Years before Chriil, to which add 1750, makes 
+2652 Years fince his Time. His Contemporaries were 
+Micab the Prophet fArtycas King of Media, Julius Go?far 
+lived in the Year of the World 3894, ic6 Years before 
+Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 1856 Years lince his 
+•Time. His Contemporaries, Ptolomy Dtonyfius , the fecond 
+-King of Egypt, marries Cleopatra and expels her, fhe flies 
+•to Cesfar , who received her, and had a Son by her. 
+Learned Men. Marcus 'Tullius Cicero , Cornelius Nepos, 
+Crifpus Salujiius , Craitppus the Philofopher. 
+
+Octavius Ccefar Augufius , being Julius Carfar's Sifter’s 
+Son, was adopted and fucceeded him; he lived in the 
+Year of die World 391c, before Chrift 90 Years, to 
+which add 1750, makes it 1840 Years fince his Time. 
+Tiridates King of the Perjians , Artains Mufa cures Au- 
+
+g u j tu h 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, Goddelles, & 5 V. 3^. 
+
+vujius , brings great Honour to the Profeffors of Phyfic- 
+Poets, Virgilius , Horatius Flaccus , Mecarnas, Nicolas, 
+Hasnafcenus, Polamon of Alexandria the Philofopher. 
+
+How came Cham to be made aGod? ( 
+
+A. OJiris is the fame as Mixram, the Son of Cham, who. 
+peopled Egypt fome Time after the Deluge, and who,, 
+after his Death, was taken into the Number of the Gods^. 
+according to the Cuftom of railing to that Dignity thofe 
+\vho founded Empires ; and the Reafon. why the Ancients 
+call him the Son of Jupiter , is, that he was the Son of 
+Ham or Hammon , whom he himfelf had acknowledged as 
+a God. Marjham takes O^r/r to b^Ham himfeLf, knpwa 
+under the Name of Menis at the Head of the. Dynajiies^ 
+who fucceeded to the Gods and Demi-gods; he con¬ 
+firms his Opinion, by the Remark which Africanus had 
+drawn from Manetho , concerning the firfl King of Egypt,, 
+whom a Crocodile had devoured ; which agrees perfectly 
+to OJiris, flam by Typbott, who was reprefented under- the 
+Figure of that cruel Animal. The Learned are obliged, 
+to allow that OJiris was one of the firfl of Noah's Defen¬ 
+dants by Ham, and that he governed Egypt a few Years 
+after the Difperfion which happened in the Time of Peleg. 
+It was unqueftionably from this Branch of Noah's Sons 
+that Egypt got its firfl: Inhabitants. This Country is fre¬ 
+quently ililed in the facred Books, the Land of Mixraim, 
+or Mejiraim , and there Mention is made of the City of 
+Ammon, Now there is no doubt but that Ammon is the 
+fame with Ham , whofe Name has been foftned by fup- 
+prefling the firfl Confonant. Ham lived in the Year of 
+the World 1140, 2860 before Chrift, to which add 1750, 
+makes it 4610 Years fince his Time. 
+
+j£. Who were Contemporaries with Cham or Ham ? 
+
+A . Noah his Father, Sbem and Japhet his Brothers. 
+Ham poffefled, and his Eofterity reigned in Syria, Arabia 
+and Africa ; Sbem in the Eaft and South of AJia; Japhet 
+(or Japotus ) in the North or Weft of A/ia , and in Europe, 
+No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+Q, Who was Chamos, and how came he to be made 
+a God ? 
+
+A. Chamos, whole Name comes from an Arabick Root, 
+that fignifies, to hajlen, to go quickly, was the fame as 
+
+
+
+'40 Hiflory of the Gods, Goddefles, tSc. 
+
+Becl-phegor, and the Moabites worfhipped him under that 
+Name, as may be feen in the Book of Kings, i Kings xi. 7. 
+where this Idol; whofe Worfhip Solomon filled the Abo¬ 
+mination of $he Moabites, whom the Scripture calls the 
+People of Chamos, Num. xxi. 29. Woe to thee Moab, thou 
+art undone, O People of Chamos ; he hath put his Sons to 
+flight, faith the Lord by the Mouth of Mofes . *“ Solomon efta- 
+blifhed the Worfhip of this God, 1 Kings xi. 7. Then Solo - 
+tnon built a Temple to Chamos, the Idol of Moab', in thb 
+Mount over againft Jerufalem. This Temple, which'that 
+Prince built to pleafe one of his Wifes, was aftewardsde- 
+■ftroyed. : • - v 
+
+The Ammonites worfhipped this Divinity, as appears 
+from the Words of Jeptha to the King of that People, 
+Judges xi. 24. What your God Chemofh, fays that'Judge 
+of Jfrael, has given you, belongs to you ; why will ye have 
+us not to pojfefs what our God hath given us . As Chamos , 
+according to Macrobius, was the Sun, Chemos muft alfo 
+have reprefented the fame Luminary, fince his Worfhip 
+was propagated from Egypt and Lybia to Arabia, where 
+the Moabites lived. To be fure the Name Chemojh, im¬ 
+porting, to make faft, to go faft, perfeffty well agrees to 
+the Sun, to whom the Scripture fays. He rtjoiceth as a 
+Giant to run his Courfe . 
+
+
+How came Cloadna to be made a Goddefs i 
+A . The Occafion of her being made a Goddefs, was 
+a Statue, found accidentally in a common Sewer at Pome, 
+gave Titus Tacitus a Handle to confecrate'it under the 
+Name of Gloacina ; Ladiantius, St. Cyprian 'aild St.- vfff- 
+guftine makes mention of this Goddefs, ■ upon whofe Ac¬ 
+count they have not failed to ridicule the Romans . 
+
+They had full as good a Handle for Ridicule from 
+their God Crop:lies, as to whom you may read a Difler- 
+tation in the Continuation of the MHcellanies of Literature 
+
+
+by Father Defmclcts. Time has preferved us a Figure of 
+this ridiculous Divinity, which reprefents a young Ghild r m 
+the Poflure of that indecent Attion, whence this Gdd : has 
+
+
+his Name, The God of a Faft or Fafting . 
+
+The Goddefs Mephitis, or of ill Savour, naturally comes 
+in here. Servius, upon that Paffage in Virgil, JEn. vii, 
+Savumque exhalat opaca Mephitite, fays, that this Goddefs 
+
+
+
+
+ffiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, 42 
+
+xna y pofiibly be Juno* taken for the Air, becaufe it is by 
+Means of the Air that bad Smells are communicated. 
+
+We know little more about the Goddefs Hares, who 
+received Thanks of thofe who entered upon any Inhe¬ 
+ritance. Accordingly her Name imports, that file was 
+the Divinity of Hiers. 
+
+Stata Mater, or Goddefs Stata, was worfiiipped at Rome 
+in the publick Market-place; but as this obliged themjto 
+kindle great Fires in the Night-time, which might have 
+occafioned fome Burning, every private Perfon contented 
+himfelf with paying his Devotion to her in his own Houfe. 
+
+The God Ridiculous derived his Original from a panick 
+Fear with which Hannibal was {buck when he was ad¬ 
+vancing to befiege Rome, a Terror, with which, faid they, 
+the Gods, Protestors of Rome had {mote him; and to 
+eternize die Memory of this Event, which obliged the 
+Cartbagenian General to return back, they eredted a 
+Temple to the God Ridiculus, without the Porta Capena . 
+
+The Goddefs Feronia, whofe Name comes from the 
+Verb fero, to bring Relief, or from the Town Feronia neat 
+Mount Soracle, was, according to Senvius, the Patroneft 
+of enfranchifed Slaves, who had a great many Offerings 
+prefented to her; this Goddefs being in high Veneration 
+thro’ all Italy. Servius will have her to be the fame with 
+Virgin Juno. The Romans appropriated to this Goddefs 
+the Care of the Woods and Orchards. She had a Temple 
+at the Foot of Mount Soracle, where an annual Sacrifice 
+was offered to her, and they tell us, it was fuch as were 
+filled with the Spirit of this Goddefs; that walked bare¬ 
+footed upon Coals without being burnt or fuffering any 
+Harm; Horace , lib. i. fat. 5. jnentions the Homages that 
+were paid to this Divinity, in walking the Face and Hands, 
+acording to Cuftom, in the facred Fountain'that flowed 
+near her Temple, Ora manufque tria leruimus, Feronia, 
+lympba. 
+
+We are altogether Strangers to the Foundation of the 
+Goddefs Farina, tho\ if we may rely upon Cicero, file was 
+the fame with the Fanes . 
+
+St. Auguftine places alfo among the Roman Divinities 
+Camarna, tiie Goddefs who prefided over Songs ; but as 
+this is an Epithet given to the Mufes, it is probable that 
+ihe was not difiindl from them. 
+
+The 
+
+
+
+42 Hijiory of the Gods, Goddeffes, 
+
+The Goddefs Carnet was thought to prefide over the 
+vital Parts, and therefore they invoked her to preferve 
+the Entrails found. She had a Temple upon Mount Cdi- 
+us, where a Sacrifice was offered to her, confining of boiled 
+Beans and Lard* 
+
+Collajiria and Vallonia , the fir ft according to St. AuguJHne 
+de Civ. Dei, was the Guardian of the Mountains, and 
+Vallonia of Vallies, For nothing was left upon the Earth 
+without fome titular Divinity. Thus Educa and Edulia 
+took care of the Meat and Drink ; Fruciulia of the Fruits ; 
+Intercidona of thofe who wrought with the Hatchet, that 
+they might not be wounded thereby. Ptta, from the Word 
+petcre, to demand, was the Goddefs over Demands. Puta y 
+from put are, to lop, was the Goddefs over thofe who 
+pruned Trees. Rutina, from Rus, the Fields , was Goddefs 
+over the Fields. Sentia, the Goddefs over good Thoughts 
+and Defires. 
+
+The Romans had alfo among their Gods Anculics and 
+Ancula, whom Fejlus makes to have been the tuteler Deities 
+.of the Servant-maids, whence n<? doubt their na meAncilla 
+is derived. For as there wefe Gods for every Station of 
+Life, the Men-fervants and Maid-fervants mud needs have 
+had theirs. 
+
+* V 
+
+How came Circe to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A, Hejiod in his Iheogony , tells us, that Circe was the 
+Slaughter of the Sun .and Per/eis, and Siller to Pafipha 
+the Wife of Minos ; and the Sun, according: to the 
+fame Author, was the Son of Hyprion and Vbra, the 
+OfF-fpring of Heaven and Earth. Homer,. Odyfs. Eb; x. 
+adds that fhe was Sifter to j&les King of Colchos, whp- 
+lived in the Time of the Argonauts j tome Authors, who 
+reckon this Genealogy a 1 Fable, will have it that this 
+Princefs paired for the Daughter of the Sun, only upon 
+Account of the great Knowledge ftie had of Plants and 
+hdedicines, whereof Apollo, or rather the Sun, was God ; 
+Orpheusmak.es her theDaughter of Apollo and AJicrepo,otf\ers y 
+with Diodorus . take this Fiflion to have no other Founda¬ 
+tion but the Grand-father was called E/ius or Sol, the 
+Sun. 
+
+Circe devouted. herfelf to the Study of Herbs, wherein 
+fhe fucceeded to well as to find out feveral Remedies; but, 
+
+-9S ihe made ufe of her fecret Art in taking Revenge of her 
+
+Enemies 
+
+
+
+s 
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 43 
+
+Enemies by Poifon, hence fhe palled for a Sorcerefs. We 
+are even told, that, having married the King of the $ar- 
+viatians , or of the Scythians, fhe poifoned him ; whereby 
+file became fo odious to her Subjects, that fhe was obliged 
+to quit the Kingdom to retire to the Coafls of Italy, 
+into the Place which from that Time bore the Name of 
+Circe s Promontory, upon the Tufcan Sea, now Monte 
+Circello. 
+
+Apollonius allures us, that Apollo , this Princefs’s Father* 
+refcued her from the Hands of her Subjefts, who were 
+going to have killed her, and tranfported her, in his Chariot 
+to Italy , ; which imports, that fhe happily made Efcape, 
+and againft all probility, from the Vengeance of the 
+Schythians , by the Means of fome Ship with Sails. But 
+notwithftanding all thefe Authorities, l am of Opinion 
+that this Princefs had no Conneft n with Medea,who lived 
+with her in the Time of the Ar nauts , but Refemblance 
+of Chara&er. I rely upon th Authority of Strabo , who 
+very judicioufly remarks,that having heard of JafotP* 
+
+Expedition to Colchis , and to the City ySta, which was 
+the Capital thereof, and knowing.all. the Fables that had 
+been vented concerning Medea and Circe, their Iftchant?- 
+ments and Conformity of Manners, upon that Account, 
+makes them to be related, wherein he has been followed 
+by Onomacritus and Apollonius Rhodius . . And if the 
+
+fame Homer has tranfported the Seat of Circe to the middle 
+of the Ocean, it was to add a greater Air of the marvelous 
+to the Relation which UlyJJcs gives of his Adventures to 
+the Pheaeijians, who loved Fiftion, and were too ignorant 
+to be capable of confuting him. 
+
+As Circe lived much about the fame Time of the Trojan 
+War, k is credible enough that XJlyJfes arrived at her Palace, 
+and that he aftually fell in -love .with her. This at leaft 
+is the Sentiment of thofe who affirm, that he had a Son 
+by her, named Tclegonus . The Charms of this Princefs 
+having made him negleftful of his Honpur, as well as 
+of his Companions,, they plunged themfelves into the 
+Pleafures of a voluptuous Court; which makes Homer fay, 
+fhe had transformed them into Swine, and that he adds 
+of Mercury'% giving that Prince an Herb named Moly % it 
+was probably wild Rue, whofe Root is black, and the 
+Flower white; which makes Ovid, Met, lib. 14. fay, 
+
+PacifcK 
+
+
+
+9 
+
+*44 Uiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, t£c. 
+
+Pacifer huic dederat forem Cylltuius album . 
+
+Moly vocant fupremi, nigra radice tenetur . 
+
+by which Herb he evaded Circe's Charms, is to teach us, 
+that, having at length recovered himfelf from his RemifT- 
+nels, he had given Coimfel to his Companions to quit.fd 
+dangerous an Abode. ' This Plant fo difficult to be found, 
+according to Homer, is the Prudence, which UlyJ/cs exerted 
+in extricating his Soldiers from. the Seat of Voluptuoufhefs; 
+and it may be fuppofed, that all the Transformations, which 
+Homer,Ovid, and die other Poets fay this Princefs wrought, 
+were rather the Effects of her Charms and Beauty, than of 
+her Magic, tho’ Horace's Epifele, 2. 23. gives us plainly to 
+underftand it was the Podons fhe gave that brought about 
+the Wonders. You have heard, fays he, of the Songs of the 
+.Sirens, and of Circe 1 * Potions, had UlyfTes, like his Com• 
+panions, been fofdolt/hly enjlaved to his PaJJtons as to drink of 
+the intoxicating Cup §f that Sor cere/}, he muft have funk him¬ 
+felf into a beafly andfettijh Life, like thofe impure Animals 
+that delight to wallow in Mire and Dirt, under the Dominion 
+of a hafe Profeitute. This is the Tranflation, I will give you 
+this Text. . 6 
+
+Siaettum voces, & Circes pocula nofti ; 
+
+Quaficum Sociis ftultus cupidufque bibijfet j 
+Sub dotnina Meretrice fuijjet turpis excors, 
+
+Vtxijfet cams itntnundus, vel amical lutofus ♦ 
+
+To fupport the Chara&ert of an Enchantrefs, which they 
+gave to Circe, they went the lengdi of faying,, that fhe 
+po/Tefled die Art of drawing down the Stars from Heaven, 
+to denote that Voluptuoufnefs degrades the moft exalted 
+Minds. 
+
+As the Princefs we are now fpeaking of excelled in that 
+Art, and gready furpafTed the other Inhabitants of that 
+Country, this is undoubtedly what made her to be reckon¬ 
+ed the Daughter of Apollo, the God of Medicine, a Branch 
+of which is the Knowledge of Plants. 
+
+■ In fliort, what is more certain than any thing elfe in 
+this whole Hiftory is, that Circe, notwithftanding her In- 
+chantments and depraved Morals, had Divine Honours 
+paid to her; in the Time of Cicero fhe was (till worfhipped 
+by the Inhabitants of the Italian Coafts, where fhe had 
+fixed her Refidence. 
+
+
+JBoccace's 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddellefs, &c. 45 
+
+Boccace's Genealogy of the Gods, B. iv. ch. 14. fays, there 
+were two Circe's who came afterwards to-be confounded ; 
+fhe whom Diodorus* after Uefiod* calls the Daughter of 
+the Sun, was much more ancient than UlyJJes* iince fhe 
+lived in the Time of the Argonauts* and was Siller to JEtes^ 
+flie, at whofe Court XJlyJJes fpent fome Time, and who 
+reigned over the Coafts of Italy* about the Time of the 
+Trojan'- War, was the Daughter of the former Circe* the 
+Grand-daughter of Elius* and Sifter to uEtes the Second, 
+As few Authors diftinguifti thefe two Circes* and the two 
+JEtefes* Kings at Colchis* tto wonder that there is fo much, 
+Obfcurity in this ancient Hiftory, Circe* as Sifter to Etes* 
+King-of Colchis* lived in the Year of the World 2703,1297 
+Years before Chritl, to which add 1750, makes xt 3047 
+
+Years lince her Time. 
+
+Who were Contempotaries with Circe . 
+
+A . Jafim* King of Athens and all the Argonauts* who 
+went with him in his Expedition to Colchis . Cajlor and 
+Pollux i Phifthenes* King of Argos \ Adraflus* King of 
+S icy on { Priamus* King of Troy ; Pafipbas the Wife j 
+Minos* King of Crete* who was her Sifter’s Son ; Evander* 
+King of Italy % Erithus* King of Spain * Namnes* King'of 
+
+Gault No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+% 
+
+jJJj How came Cybefe to be jnadc a Qoddefs ? 
+
+A . The Goddels Cyhele* called alfpthe.Afo/^r of the 
+Gods* Daughter of. Heaven and Earth, and Wife to 
+turn , TJus Goddefs alfo called Ops* Rhea and Vejla* and 
+from the Places where fhe was wprlhipped Dimdymcnr* 
+Berecynthia* Jd^a* Phrygia and Pefftnuritia . The Cory- 
+hantes were her Priefte, who wof/hipped her by the Sound, 
+of Drums, Tabers, Pipes and Cymoals, She is pictured 
+with Turrets upon her Head. Her Statue was by the 
+Couiifel of Sybil!a* tranflated from PeJ/imuns to Rome 
+Sdpio Nafca, and was there much honoured. The Plura¬ 
+lity of Perfans* which bore his Name*. The (Wtl wfa? 
+to be the lame with Tilaea j Carlas'% Wife, whofe< Name 
+imports the Earth. The fecond I have fpoke o£. being 
+the fame with Rhea* the Sifter and Wife of Saturn , The 
+third, a Princefs of Phrygia* who lived in. the Time of 
+Marfyas , whofe Hiftory has been filed up with the Ad¬ 
+ventures of the others, oecaufe they had dwelt in Phrygia , 
+where the Titan Princes kept their Court. See Dm rez~ 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+4-6 Hiftory of the Gods, G.oddeffes, £s?c. 
+
+yon Jhitiq. of the Language of the Celt a:. This is the 
+Country where theWorlhip of our Goddefs was eftablifhed: 
+'The Priefts in After-times perplexed her Hiftory, and gave 
+her die Name of Cybcle, from a Mountain in Phrygia . 
+Others derive this Name from the Hebrew Word, which, 
+imports to bring forth with Sorrow , and pretend that the 
+Tradition of Eve, condemned to the Pains of Child¬ 
+bearing, is couched under this Fable. The Worfhip of Cy- 
+hele became famous, efpecially in Phrygia ; herFeftivals 
+there were folemnized with great Uproar ; the Priefts 
+making the Din of their Tabers to refound, and, ftricking 
+.their Bucklers with Spears, danced, and made feveral 
+Rrange Contoriions with their Heads and whole Body .; 
+Whence they got the Name of Corybantes. 
+
+She was reprefented as a Woman of a ftrong robuft 
+Make,- ready to be delivered, to figure the Fruitfulnefs of 
+.the Earth : All the reft of her Equipage alluded to the 
+fame. The'Keys which Ihe held in her Hand, intimated 
+£hat the Earth comprehends in her Womb, during the 
+Winter, the Seeds of all Fruits. Her Crown of Oak, was 
+,a Memorial that Men of old had fed upon the Fruits of 
+that Tree. Her Temples were round, to figure the Round - 
+: nefs of the Earth: She was crownedwithTurrets,inAllufion 
+to the Cities that are upon it: In her Chariots were Lions 
+couchant and tame, to intimate that even the moft uncul¬ 
+tivated Lands are capable of being made fertile ; if fhe was 
+fitting, it was to denote her Repofe. The Sound of Drums 
+and Spears, carried an Allulion. to the Tools of Brafs, 
+that were employed in labouring the Ground before the 
+Invention of Iron. See more of this in St. Auguftine of the 
+City of God. 
+
+* The Worfhip of the Earth is very ancient; it is not in 
+Phrygia that we are to feek for the Original of it, fince it 
+Was not received in Europe till the Time of Cadmus , who 
+introduced it thither ; and it was Dardamus y Contemporary 
+with that Founder of the Colony, that, after the Death 
+of his Brother Jafira repaired ivith Cybcle his Sifter-in-law, 
+and Cory las his Nephew, into Phrygia ; whether they in¬ 
+troduced the Myfteries of the Goddefs Earth, or of the 
+Mother of the Gods. Cybele derived her Name to this 
+Goddefs, and Corybas made her Priefts to be called Cary- 
+bantes. This is the Reafon why Cybrle herfelf came in 
+Proccfs of Time to be reckoned the Mother of the Gods. 
+
+i?. Who 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddeffes^ £sfa. 47 
+
+4 J. Who were Contemporajies with Cybele ? 
+
+A. Cybele (being the Wife of lived in the Year 
+
+of the World 1631, 2369 Years before Chrift, to which 
+add 1750, makes 4119 Years fince her Time. Her Con¬ 
+temporaries were Gideon, the Ruler and Commander of 
+the Jews-, Apollo ; Leo me don. King of Lroy ; Palaluus, 
+
+King of Spain . No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+♦ v 
+
+i£. Who was Dagon, and how came he to be made 
+a God ? 
+
+A. Dagon was one of the moft celebrated Divinities of 
+the PhilTftines, and one of thofe whom the Scripture 
+moft frequently mentions. If we may believe Sancbon- 
+niathon, the Original of this God is very ancient. Caslus, 
+/ays that Author, had many Sons, and among the reft 
+Dagon, fo called from the Word Dagan, which in the 
+Phenician fignifies Wheat. As he was the Inventor- of 
+the Plough, and taught Men the Ufe of Corn for Bread, 
+he, after- his Death, was fumamed Jupiter Agrotes, or the 
+Labourer. Saturn , continues that Author, when at War 
+with Caslus or Uranus, having made one of his Wives 
+Prifoner, caufed her to marry Dagon. According to this 
+Opinion, Dagon is no longer a God, but half JVlan, half 
+Fiih, as the Robbies imagined : He is the God of Corn, 
+the Inventor of Agriculture, who, upon that Account, 
+was deified after his Death, His Name comes not from 
+the Hebrew W<?rd Dag, a Fifh, but it is a Phenician 
+Name, Dagan, which in that Language imports- Wheat. 
+
+Some of thofe Rabbles, thofe Dolors of the Law, con¬ 
+founding that God with Atergatis, or Decreto, fay, he was 
+reprefented as a Man in the upper Part of his Body, and 
+as a Fifh from the Waift downward ; while others on the 
+.contrary, will have it, that he had the Form of a Filh 
+above, and a human Figure.from the Thighs down; fome 
+again alledge, that he was all Fifh 5 others, that his 
+Figure was that of a Man from Head to Foot; and, thofe 
+doubtlefs have moft Reafon. This is the Account given 
+of him in Scripture, when it tells us, •* Sam. ch. v, that 
+at the Prefence of the Ark of the Lord, which the Phi- 
+liftincs had placed in the Temple of that God, after the 
+Defeat of the ifraclites, this Idol was overthrown, and 
+his Head and his Hands were found upon the Threfhold 
+of the Gate of the Temple, while the reft of the Body. 
+
+remained 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+Samp fort .(whom they conducted thither, after taki 
+out of Prifon to infult the formidable Enemy, im 
+
+
+48 Hiftory,of the Gods, Goddeffes, 
+
+remained upon the Pedeflal. How then is a Head, Hands 
+and a Trunk,. and if we add Feet,. as Septuagint have 
+
+done, faying, **■ The Head/.the Hands and Feet of the 
+* ( Idol, were found together, apart from the Body, we 
+fhall have a human Figure in all its Parts.” This 
+I may fay, that the Pbilifines had a great Veneration for 
+Dagon, and his Temples were magnificent.. That which 
+he had at Gatza muft needs have been vaftly large, Jince 
+
+hg him 
+imagining 
+
+he had loft all his Strength by the Treachery of DaUla) 
+having fulled down the Pillars that fupportea it, burietl 
+in its Kuins more than three thoufand Men. The Temple 
+which this God had at Azcth was no lefs famous’, there 
+was die Ark of the Lord depofited, and there the Miracle 
+happened which I related. The Head of Saul- was - alfo 
+placed in one of the ^Temples of the fame God, as 
+lee from the Book of Samuel ,• ch. xxxi. and his Arms in 
+that of Afarotb, a new Proof that Dagon and Afaroth 
+were two diftin& Divinities. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Dagon P 
+A . Dagon lived in the Year of the World 4631, 13*69 
+Years before Chrift, to which add 17 jo, makes 2119 Years 
+fmcehis Time. His Contemporaries were ‘ Gideon i die 
+General, and Ruler of the Jews, Ramefos King of Egypt, 
+P-elops: King of Phrygia, Croon King of 'Thebes, Qibolut 
+King of Lacedemon,. Saturn King of Italy, Palaluus King 
+of Spain. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+Death. See Nani a. 
+
+% 
+
+* «• ♦ 
+
+•••• 
+
+9 
+
+5 J. Who was Demogorgan, and how came lie to be 
+made a God ? . 
+
+A. We have Reafon to place Demogorgan at the Head 
+of the terreftrial Divinities, fince he was the Genius of 
+the Earth, as his Name imports, as it is compofed of two 
+Greek Words, ■ Actipui and yop^uv ; Genius or Intelli¬ 
+gence of the Barth.' Boccace, in his Genealogy of the 
+Gods, fpeaks of him upon the Authority, of Theodotiav , 
+who had himfelf copied Prcnapides , what he fays of him 
+amounts to this. Demogorgan was a flovenly old Man, 
+overgrown with Filth, pale and disfigured, v/ho had his 
+Dwelling in the Heart of the Earth; his Companions were 
+
+Et entity 3 
+
+
+
+Hjfzary of the Gods, Goddefles,*’ &c. 
+
+
+
+
+having, raffed himfelf into, the Air, encompaflbd fee E&ith, 
+and fo Fpjrmed the Heavens.: Having accidentally- pdfled * 
+over the Aerocerettmian (which is a Word fignifying ($ruftder ~* 
+firuck\ Mountains, he fetched from thence the burning' 
+Matter*j Which he : fent^ toHsaven. to enlighten-theWorld, 
+and thus k f2ferned the Sun, which he gave in-Marriage • 
+to the Earth, whence were bom Tartarus, and the Night, 
+&V. The Authors now quoted give 'Demogcrgan feveral 
+Children, 'an&.Bcccace has \deducedfeeir Genealogy^ The 
+firii bfhia. Children ;was {fdrriug^ DifiordDerrtdgorgan , - 
+£ud J*r,onapitieiy vexed in. die. Bottom of -his- -Cave-with “ 
+the Pains that Chaos felt* opened* her-Womb a»d*-tbolc ' 
+from. diencc jp/^fT^,. who,deft the. Bottom of the Earth* to : 
+come and dwelLupon the Surface:.; In like. rdmner- he 
+tookfxom thenqe 'pats, • who *> is thefecondSon;' and ’the 
+thr CfothpLachefis ,, and Atr&pqs ; nCxtHda- ■ 
+ven, Pttho a^d,the Earth . ivhd.was his- eighth Child, ^ 
+The , forth thereafter had feveral other Children, whofe • 
+Father was pot : known; namely:, the >Nigbt,' Tartarus, ' 
+Pharea, Tages and Ant ft us ; the ninth of'-Demogorgan's 
+Children was Erebus, who had a numerous Offspring ; 
+but I am afhnmcd to relate fuch.wild Dreams. ■ 
+
+It is.eafyrtq conceive ,.that this is only a.phyfidal 
+Fable,, a particular.Theogony under Malk.cWhereof the ’ 
+Ancients have wrapped up in a very grofs Manner the 
+
+of the Creation of the .World; which they had 
+learned^ from fome lame Tradition. . The* Arcddiam 9 
+feeing.the Earth of itfelf bring forth.Flowers and Fruits, 
+form Fountains, Streams and Rivers, j and fend forfefre- 
+quenely jjire.. and^ Flames, , and n liable to Convolfioris, * 
+imagined that fee was animated, and gave-the Nafme of 
+Demogorgan to the Divinity that prefided over her: $o 
+great was their Veneration for this temble. Name, that it 
+was not allowable to mention it; and -we may reckon „ 
+what Lucan an d. Statius fay ’of the God wkoih it is not - 
+lawful to naine,7 is to fee. explained-of Dctnogorgan. It.is', 
+probable fee P^lpfopher meant no morefeyfeisDivinity,- 
+than that vegetable Principle which gives/Life to 1 r t^e ; 
+
+Plants, as appears from. Virgil, Georg. 1. 2 . Sfirititfiaftr, 
+totamque infujfa p(r Artits . . Mens a git at molem. ■ Bit - 'fee'' 
+Vulgar fancied it was a real God, who refided in fee 
+
+D Bowels 
+
+
+
+
+
+50 Tlifiory of .the Gods, Go^dt‘0es, ,.C7,f. v - 
+
+Fdwels of the Earth, to whom they offered Sacrifices,, 
+especially- in ; Arcadia . We nUlff not ' fa rge t \hovvpvex, 
+what Was-the Opinion of foifre 1 Authors,* Wat 'Y>jmogor^an 
+hrcd been a Magician, fo fkilful in his Art, that jie ha^, 
+Ofaofts and Aerial Spirits under his Command, jh.ac^them 
+abfblutely ftibjctt to his Will, and feverely punified thofe, 
+of them who did not execute his Orders. From D'cmo-- 
+?oi*fffff , s Time to the Year of our Lord* 1740 rncluflvc' 
+it is 5698 Years. * ' ‘ r , 
+
+
+Who was Daphne ? * : 
+
+She was the Daughter of Pcneus^ King of Thhjfefy'i ’ 
+Apollo falling in love with her, and being one Day in' 
+pvufuit of her, that young Princefs died upon the Banks 
+of a River, in Sight of her Lover. Some Laurels fpring- 
+ing up in that Spot gave Rife to her Metamorphofis; or 
+rather the Etymology of DnpbnAs Name, which in Grab 
+imports a Laurel; was the Foundation of the Fable. If 
+we may credit Lylio-Gyraldi , Daphne was fo called from 
+Actp<mar, "joto, becaufe the Laurel makes a crackling 
+Node- as it burns, crepitate and as this Tree was confc- 
+crated to Apollo, hence, according to that Author, came 
+the Fable of the Amours of A'polio and Dap hut. 
+
+
+Who were the Atn axons ? 
+
+A. They were a Republic!-: of Women, who admitted 
+no Men among them, contenting themfelves with making 
+them a Viiit once a Year. If after this Interview they 
+happened to be delivered of a Son, they expofed him, or 
+lent him to the Scythians their Huibands ; if it happened 
+ro be a Daughter, they took great Care of her Education, 
+and burnt off' her right IJrcnll, that fhe might the more 
+eafdy draw the Bow ; hence they got the Name of Av:a- 
+
+x. ’ ,\u.xtP. without a Drcuii. 
+
+* 1 *> * 
+
+
+:,L Who was Da-AAtts, that famous Artif.cer ? 
+
+A. D<i lulu < was the Son of llynutiun, (* rand Ion of 
+
+
+K :j pul mats , and 
+
+A thins ; and wav 
+
+AitiiL that LV.'.w 
+
+"oniuuu Suutaiv 
+/ > 
+
+1 heft: two /Kit-., 
+
+
+Circat-{uandfon of Eu* 1 bet.s, Kim* of 
+, without Controverfy, the molt fkilful 
+ever produced, an able ArcJiitcil, an iu- 
+, who invented feveral Iiiilntineui 1 . in 
+Inch a-, tlu: i 1 ateli« r. the La vel, the 
+
+
+liMiihl- 
+
+
+\‘.r learn /non Pl:n, To him ulh 
+
+
+ah: 1 ileal 
+
+
+
+Hiftory z bf\ 
+
+
+a:a-\ 
+
+
+t^Ods, Go delete's, '0?6- * ex 
+
+^ ^ • r ^ * «• ♦ | * 1 / 
+
+afcTibe'd Ke'^lofy .of'paving .been ‘ the Arft that ; 3nad<?- 
+Sait -yaids'* for.Ships, and..made ufe o£ §adls^ijiftead ' oS 
+Odfs;; "faftit nodii'ng lignali’zed Kim to much aa. the Art of 
+making 1 ’S tdtues, wherein he fucceeded fo wejl, that they. 
+I ' Pi il ) tQ‘Ve'animated, to fee, and walk.' Before him 
+
+>r* ‘ 1 
+
+
+/ 
+
+< 
+
+i 
+
+
+were 
+
+
+the’'Star ifris of the. ’ prisks were extremely, rude, without 
+Eyes, Arms and Legs, they were nothing but fhapedefs 
+Blocfc'ofStOne, as ‘are dill to be feen in. the Cabmetaof tKe 
+Curious. Daedal us, as we learn from Suidxs, 'ThcmiJUus^ 
+and Pnlcpkalus , made' them Faces . according 'tb.Life, 
+formed Arms to them, and fepetated their Legs, which 
+made “him He univerfally admired: But his Misfortune, 
+as 15 remarked by Pauj'an'uu and Diodorus, made him. 
+i. farrtous afterwards as hi^ fine Works. lie .had. taken 
+<;,reat“Ciirc 'of the Education_of one of his Nephewsy 
+murh'cd VU.V/A hjsr Siller Pi'/dix's Son, had the ycrang.Maii 
+made fuch Proficiency in a Ihort Time; under fo able a 
+
+Mailer, that he likcwife invented Tevcral very trfefulIni 
+
+, ^ » * % ^ . | * % ^ # 
+
+unVmcnts.' The firll, which was his ,Kfihy-piece, was a 
+\\ heel, iuch as Potters make ufe of. Next, having found 
+- Serpent's Bone, and made ufe of it to cut a Email Piece 
+■\ Wood, he tried to imitate .in iron the Kuggednefs of 
+ant Animal’s Teeth, and thus he communicated to Pco- 
+
+
+u: of his Profeliion the Saw, which U one of the 'molt 
+
+* • • 
+
+liMiij of .their lnllrumcnt:;. Inline, from him h= derived 
+;k: Turning-wheel, and a Number of other Invetioits, 
+idcix are in vail Ufe in Mechanics. 'Two Inventions k> 
+•iifful, raifed Dx'Jalusb, jealoufy, and, left hb. Reputation 
+v.mld one Day be eclipfed by that of his Nephew, he 
+pm. him fecretly to death ; and, having told one of his 
+1 iiends that he had been burying :l Serpent, his Crime 
+:e; thereby detciled,* as wc learn from, is t odor us SicriJus y 
+oho obferves, that the fame Animal uhich had given that 
+.•uun;* Man the Occalion to invent tlu* Saw, the Object 
+of in • Uncle - '. Jealoufy, ferved alfo to detect the Author 
+<ji his Heath. If we may believe idcudnm Sir^/uj and 
+
+us, tlic Art opapus ol Atb.rs condemned. Derdulus 
+;<> Death ; but Scrvius fay:, it was only to perpetual 
+inmrfhmcnt. Be thut m.'it will, for,this Murder V<rd<Juc 
+h cretJy withdrew from 'dthms, kind retired into the Illatui 
+of where ftlivo.., overjoved to haw a Man !u ccle- 
+
+I i .ited,- gave him a verv Livourali! * i-’ r^-Mion. (t w.i. 
+'Imiiiv. his Reue.it in that llb-ml, !*■. built in 
+
+L> : 
+
+
+ij 
+
+
+tin- City 
+
+9 
+
+( . 
+
+
+* i 9 ' 
+
+
+
+jz _ Ilftory of theG ods, Goddefies, &c. 
+
+* 
+
+G no/Jits the-famous Labyrinth ?hat„has been much 
+
+talked of.'.• ~ ■; . ;* ■ 
+
+By the Word Labyrinth' we are to und&rfta'nd, ,g Kind 
+of Edihce fuii of Chambers and A v'ehues,,'difpoled,in fuck 
+a Manner that you enter from one into Another,' hvithmu'C 
+being able to trace your Way out again, .which / 7 fy; 7 ,,’ 2 En 1 ’ 
+I. 5. ' Catk/hh^ Qzrh\, 4. and OwiV, jVlet. _I. * 3 . exp refs, 
+ycry happily. Daedalus had .eraverfed' into Egypt's. and 
+that he had there taken the .Model,of'that famous. La¬ 
+byrinth, which has been reckoned one of the Wonder's 
+of'the World, Pfirry, I. 36'. -ch. 1 3. calls it > Potentij/I- 
+TTisiTti hum cun iugenti opus. But Dtiulalus had imitated only 
+that Pari: of it which veprefents the Cells and winding 
+Alleys, chat :s but. the hundredth Part of it. The 
+'Labyrinth of Crete was only a Prifon in whiclyCriminals 
+were confined., and whereof Daedalus had given the Plan. 
+1 am of Opinion, ihau there was once in Crete an Edi¬ 
+fice built bv DnrAa/us named the Labyrinth, which Time 
+
+4 + m 4 
+
+has de&royed, though it was neither fo iumptuous nor fo 
+durable as that of PHgypr, wherein fo many Kings had 
+hefrowed their Labours. DarJuius, being forced to depart 
+fro ! ii Crete, retired into Sis:ly. where probably he (pent 
+the ref: of his Days, though neither the Time, nor 
+
+
+Manner a: his Death X known. He lived in the Age 
+0; die V/crld zyzzx to hie Birth of Chrih :2c ; 0 'Pears, 
+' j *.vhich add :750, makes 303.i Yea-s iince his Time, 
+a.h Who were Coniemporarws with. i\:\!:Aus b 
+W. Ah:>:,L\ h.. Xing of the 5 B.:b:os, King of 
+
+3<’hyicr, 3 Sit Jr': a. Queer. OL LaceJeain;: ; Em as, the 'j’ro- 
+: ar. Fnnce : ?>l:::os , the hard Kin a; of Gv:V ; Hercules, living 
+with Le;;L‘, King of ItaJ, kills CHwj the Robber, at 
+this Time. Ho Facts. no Hiftorians yet exifting in ti\e 
+
+
+1 s 
+
+
+ey. mow came Ueucahon to pc made a •_tOg r 
+_f. D'UcaL'on \vas the Son of Prura tbchs. King rf Tb.f- 
+and HufDand of Pyrra, Daughter to Epiuu ileus his 
+Uncle j his Far her had boon baniihec into Scythia, to the 
+Confines of C a: ay is • Eveary of that melancholy Retreat, 
+nr.d having found probabl) forne favourable Opportunity, 
+time and fettled in 'Thcffdlyi, (ice AfoP.cir.ui , Book i.) 
+in the Confines .of p.bthici , or rather, according to 
+the- ‘Parr.:: Marbles, ii\ Lycoria near Par 12 a Jus. No- 
+
+* ’ f * 1 
+
+s tun" 
+
+
+
+—fc- »f •» 
+
+
+" rj 
+
+
+HijioYy of tbc'ijods, vjtjadeues,' caw* 
+
+
+53 
+
+
+siting is m^re celebrated in the Greek Hjildry. than : Dqtca- 
+iion, who .has been reckoned the Repairer oTMankind* 
+ixnce under his Reign the Deluge happened,; y/hich bears 
+Ins Name. , - 
+
+L.tfydl begin with- th- tables relating tQ.thi?.Event. 
+'J:ip:hr 7 they tell us, feeing the.'V^ickedii'efs of Man grow 
+from day to ,day 3 refolved k to exterpata thy whole hu-- 
+man Race, fee Glut's Book.• i. Bor that End he 
+
+poured down fuch a Quantity of Rain as to drewn die- 
+
+whole Earth ; even the hierheifc Mountains v/ere covered- 
+
+~ ^ . < ■ 
+
+with. Water, and frufhated the Hopes of thofe who'flod 
+t nit her for Refuge.; only Mount Pu r?:s;jj:is 3 whole '•Tor-* 
+was not laid, under Water,, fayed the pious D cut alio?; and: 
+l -is Wife Prrrla, After the-Waters were- withdrawal . 
+he.*/’ went to chr.fult the G c ride is 7 h , v v, s . who delivered * 
+C >. ucies at the Foot of the Mountain, ( 0 <vid in* this follow® 
+
+% • • > A % • ~ 
+
+the better Tradition; for the Learned agree, that the- 
+
+. • * * * 
+
+'Oracle of Dch'h: was r ot vet citablifhad in that Place, but 
+
+that 7 b:v:.; n at that Time, delivered Oracles chore. .The 
+
+* «< , - % -•* - k 
+
+Mvrholoyhts ayreo, that there aivvav;. avaa -an Oracle i:; - 
+, < 0.0 1 * - * - 
+
+fhat Place : Pint, ; L crm„ or .die -T give PredifLons 
+
+' ' a ^ . r k * -O • - - - 
+
+ohero ; then her .Daughter Themis, dien TWA.) And there 
+they learned, chat, in order to re-people .the World. rhey 
+vvere to dig ire the Bones of their .great Mother * then 
+Piety was alarmed at ib cru~;l an Oracle, but De~ca;:cu 
+
+
+i i 
+* 
+
+- i 
+
+
+
+them .behind their Back;, hnvjny their Evesilmt: thofe 
+
+, 1 . . . « , '. O / ' i - 
+
+which Di:ica!io;: threw formed Men, and thofe of p-vr^ha ■ 
+
+•’fomcn. Let ip- ice what this .Allegory ir.ean-. 
+
+tr is oh To”: cbm thi; Narration contains many Fables ; 
+
+b a:, the Sub (hrr.ee thereof is true,, it iniifl be eg plained „ 
+
+Pi the ninth Year of the Reign of (.Vi:•<■/«, Deucalion came 
+
+b:c> Grct a . and.took pc ffeuion of T near PamoCur. 
+
+1 . - ^ J 
+
+
+
+r zsj, r S' df/Y/v. near the River P. ; the Name of the 
+
+* 4 v' « f _ ^ 
+
+C :cv:nce at that T : ns c was Pbtbidis, • irom Phi hies of 
+P'euhih, who .had feiaed upon it 16 e Years before, as 
+we learn from 7\: R j- in his ^tcmliu. A; the Country 
+before fY/fT.;nc‘ was denominated HdL :; ? Dmcu- 
+
+
+
+
+5 4 ttyft 0 ?# pf. tty. G ods,., G od defies,' (s?c. 
+
+Hon thought At, in order to .gain die Goofi-wiJJ .of hi> 
+Subjects, to call one of his Sons Hdltr. ; and he, having 
+afeended the Throne after the Death, of his,Father,. .and 
+made fcvcral Conquers would needs have,hi?'Sub- 
+.jc&s, take the .Name of litl.<ni.q:s■, which, was pecu¬ 
+liar to them till the GW -\G a/Tinncd it; which', happened 
+about the Beginning of the Oyvr/Lm, that is, about 77^ 
+Years before the Chriftian sE/<i. In the Time of Homer 
+we know that none but Deucalion u Pofterity were called 
+
+Jfi 111 L . f . 
+
+
+Moii Authors arc of Ophdqn, -hat die Deluge,. which 
+happened under the Feign of that prince, was occafioned 
+by the River Pauus y wiiofe Ccnrfe was probably flopped 
+by feme Earthquake between Mount Oja an H .Olympus, 
+where is the Mouth of that River, through which it dif- 
+charges ltfelf into die Sea, with the additional Waters of 
+five other Rivers ; 'This, fay they, together with a vail 
+Quantity of Rain which fell that Year, laid all ThrjOh , 
+■which is a low Country, .under Water. What Hi rejoins, 
+iBook vii. fays, in his Description of that Pr.o.vinccj. fuf- 
+hciently proves this to have. bcem. the Caufe of tlvu Inun¬ 
+dation. “ It is. faid„- tha tjhtjjkfy .fince wasno thing, hut 
+a' Lake, beipg environed on all Sides, with HillsThe 
+Country which lies between thofe Hills is wlrat they 
+call Thcfjaly, which is watered with Plenty of Rivers, 
+the chief whereof are the Pertcus, the Jpjdanus, the 
+On/'chines , i he EriftkJi and Penile .. Thefe ft v,e. Rivers, 
+falling down from the neighbcwring Mountains, .after 
+having -run. through. the hoy/^-x pvrntri.esdiferabbgue 
+,c themfelves into the Sea by. a verypftafrrow Cared* where 
+“ they all unite, and make but on.<? ..gross Fdvje^.wJirch 
+4( retains the Name of Pcnms. . .The^telL.u&j .further, 
+“ that, before the Canal was made, thefe-RiVftrs flooded 
+the whole Country, and.turned, it- intp. a great Lake ; 
+but that Neptune having formed trial, great Canai all 
+the Waters retired.” Some -.Time afterl -the. Waters 
+were abated, the Country wascyery fqon. re-peopled. The 
+Children of thofe- whowere;pxre{VrvedPore.:thfi. snyfiscal 
+Stones whereof th^ Poets make fo -frequent mention? ;this 
+Fable having r.o other.Foundation but ^ me rs Quibble, 
+the Phenici'M Word Jbtn* pr^EJn, signifying equally a 
+Stour, or a ChiId, fee Bochdrt .and the Word Uas in 
+-G.-v. A a S.c-nr, or a /VA/cGfis is obferved by the learned. 
+
+Scholiail 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+4C 
+
+
+
+
+
+H/jlory'vf Ihe Gods, God Jefies, £ 9c. ■ $$ 
+
+Scholia#; on Pindar, fee- Grant Jylcnit. pag. 53 2 ' Thhs 
+thofe wW gave Account of'this ancierit Fajft took bfie 
+Signification for another, and vented a myflerious Fable. 
+We may even add, that the Ferocity and Obduracy cf 
+thofe firft Men, by no means belied their Original) fee 
+T\frt. Book i. ' 
+
+, lr.de genus durum Jutnus, rxperienfque laborurn , 
+
+Be document a damns qua Jinus origin e nati. 
+
+4 
+
+Pezufanias is mittaken in making the Temple which 
+Deucalion founded to have been confecrated to Olympian 
+Jupiter. Ir was Pijiftreitus , by whom it was rebuilt, 
+that dedicated it to Jupiter of that Name; whereas 
+Deucalion had confecrated it to Jupiter Phryxius , as much 
+as to fay, Jupiter , ly avhofe Aid be <zvas prefers t d from the 
+Di luge. That Prince, befides the Temple now mention¬ 
+ed, inltituted alfo a Featt in honour of thofe who had 
+perifhed in the Deluge, and the Featt named ya^o(po^ia. 
+laded to the Time of Syl/a, as may be feen in Plutarch 
+upon Sj IIa. ■ : 
+
+Xi nophon reckons five Deluges: the jfirtt • happened 
+under an ancient Ogyges, King o GJbtbcs iri Perot.hi a, ahd 
+lafted three Months : The fecood, in. the Time of ‘Her- 
+rules the P banted an Hcroe, and Prometheus tile Son*’ Js- 
+f etus, one of the Titans and Clymcnc ; and it was tut of one 
+Month’s Duration : 1’he third, under another Ogyges, 
+whereby Attica was laid watte : The fourth. Under Dm- 
+falion y /aid Pbrfaly under Water for the Space' of tinyc* 
+Months : The fifih • and Jatt, happened in the Time ol 
+Proteus, the Son of Uptime and Phrenic ,, or Octahus 77r.C> /, 
+that happened during the War of Prey ; this i:, that win. h 
+was * termed Pburonian, and that oversowed a- Part ot 
+Bgypt, Diodorus Siculus, Book v; mentions alfo :t fixth 
+Deluge that happened in Satnotbrace.' 
+
+Dcuca/icPs .Arrival into f*Vn««v, in the ninth Year ot 
+€i‘crdp/:s's l Reign at Athtnt, that is) about the 'Year 2 f or 
+2 zb, Dcfqre the' Y'rcjun s W v urV and ‘ Aboil t' 140a Years before 
+tire Chrittian Aw a; to which add 4 17 50, nhakes it 
+Years fince D,ucali:n's Tuno ;”he waS deified after his 
+Death, anti divine HonOuts paid him by Ids Subjects. 
+L\ui.d:ots had Altars in Grace, ami was honoured there 
+a:, a Divinity, 
+
+D 4 ' The 
+
+
+
+g6': Hijlory of the. Gods,•: G oddeffc sy * £?*v. 
+
+The Tradition of the univerfal Deluge, which waj 
+carried even*x» the-inoft difiant Nations,; iadJaecifVcry 
+conducive to-the EmbeUiihmeHt- of the Htikipy. ©Ttliat 
+of Dciicnlimr^ -and this m anifeil^-what Ovid^MetA B9pk i. 
+fa/s, in giving the Description of .it, that it had laid all 
+the Earth under Water, and that the Waters overstepped 
+the higheft Mountains : 
+
+4*1 * * 
+
+% 
+
+a ^ 
+
+Jarnque mare et icilus nullum diferimen bale bant? 
+Omnia pontus crant , deer ant quoque littera /onto.. 
+
+That of all the Inhabitants of the Earth there remained 
+
+but one Man and one Woman. • 
+
+# 
+
+* 
+
+Et fuptrcjfe uidet Je tot mo do mi lib us 'unarn, is'e- 
+
+The Poet Lucan, lib. 3 . fays much the fame Thing, 
+and Diodorus afterts, that the Deluge had deftroyed all 
+the living Creatures that were upon the Face of the Earth. 
+But -it is not: only in this Idea that the Poets and Htfto- 
+rians feem f» conformable t Q.Mojh in the Hiftqry of Dcu~ 
+cation's Deluge. " : We difeern fo many in their. Works* 
+-especially thofe of Ovid, that it would feem he had either 
+read the Gcne/is, or learned what he fays of it from Tra¬ 
+dition,-'flili very lively. -Fir'll he gives us. a Defcription 
+
+of the Dlforders which abounded in the World ; he men- 
+
+. • ' * * # 9 
+
+tions the Avarice, the paricnles, tjie Impurity aother 
+Crimes'that-reigned amongft Men, adding, that Piety 
+
+waa Sacrificed to the vileft of Paificms. _ 
+
+* 
+
+f + * 
+
+ViSta jacct pittas, £>V. - 
+
+“ '* - • • 
+
+• 9 • • x 
+
+- He mentions the War o£theCiantsarched againft IIca : 
+
+veil; he irtflkc 3 ''/upitrrh old a Council to declare to th<? 
+
+ocher Gods his Rcfolution of puni(hing all thofe. Crimes, 
+
+much in ; the lame Manner as Mcfts makus God Almighty, 
+
+CA«,ch. it. hujill ihjiroy all FI jb. tfc* fyyfi -after wards, 
+
+th;\C //npitfr'b fir ft. Defjgn was' to confuine the World by 
+
+Fire* : fcnft,-calling to mmd that Fate had.lixcd the Tinjc 
+
+•of the general Conflagration, which wau to burn up the 
+
+whole Univerfc, he was content for that Mi me to bury 
+
+# ^ 
+
+«he EujJit mulur Water. 
+
+
+
+f < * * 
+
+V * / '# 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Htjlhry: of she Go ds; GTo dck fig s. 
+
+
+» 4 
+
+
+• ✓ 
+
+
+» 
+
+
+- fumqus erat in. tut a* fpur jurat fuhzfna terrasz 
+
+- hW rtrntut — 
+
+
+✓ # ' » 
+
+
+Ejje (plaque in fails, rtiranifciiar^ ajfqi'tm -tempos ■ 
+
+Quo-- taring quo tiilujp corriptaque Jdcaja'Cadi ' 
+Artkatg ct mundi ’molts ope tofu labor 
+
+% m 
+
+- - # . * * 
+
+m * » # X ' - 
+
+Deucalion lived, in the Year or the World 2772, that!?, 
+
+2228 Years before C hr iff, to which - acid 1750, makes 
+297 3 Years fince his Time. . 
+
+_-Y Whfi were Contemporaries with Deucalion P 
+A. Elan, a Zebolonitc, ruled over the- Israelites ten Years, 
+fee the Book o£ Ruth, chap. "xai. Tbinacs, King, of Ba¬ 
+bylon ; Diacnedcs, King oESicycn ; Pri amiss, King of 'Troy 5 
+Y* nicer.) King of Spain * Franc us. King cf Germany* No 
+Poets, no Hifiorians at this Time. 
+
+* V 
+
+FK Who ;3 Diana, and how came file to be made z 
+Goddefs ? . . 
+
+A. Cicero , in his Bock of the Nature of Things, reckons 
+three Dianas: The firit, who-is thought-to have been 
+
+
+the Mother cf winged Cupid, was the Daughter o £'Jupiter 
+2/1 d Projl:plan ; the feccnd, whe- is the bci* known, war 
+the Daughter of the third 'Jupiter and Late-air. ; the third., 
+to whom the Grafs often ?c.vc the Name of her Father.. 
+
+^TJ > » 
+
+was the Daughter cf Ly»/r and Glance. Strabo, Beck::, 
+and Pa:;/r::irs mention another Diana, named Brilomartis. 
+a tie was Eubuht's -Daughter, and a Great Lover of Hunt- 
+mg. As fhe was hying from. LlLnos, who was enamoured 
+her, fhe threw herftrlf into- tke-Sea, and was taker, in 
+{osncFiihermen's Nets j unlcd you chafe rather to fay, that 
+this Name was given--her from Mount Dibit; or, 
+
+
+ilS oc 
+
+
+Sr- 
+
+
+Unite pretends, became it iignines a foft and gentle Virgin. 
+Grid, Met. Boole v. makes us acquainted with a Diana. 
+yet more.ancient. This was file o i Egypt who metamsr- 
+phe fed herfelf into a Cat, in the-Time that Txpbtn waged 
+vv ar with-the. Gogs : iv/s for or Pba-bi- 1a i nit ; /fv Sf/iVr £j r 
+A'poilo. HY h erf elf in the form cf .a Cat. She-is the fame 
+with her whom Herodotus mentions under the Name' <jf. 
+
+
+
+made, them give her Virgins for her Companions. She is 
+
+D 5 ordinarily 
+
+
+
+5S Hifiory of the G ods, Goddefles, 
+
+
+ordinarily represented with a Qua ver and Dogs, drawn in 
+a Chariot by two white Stags : Sometimes, however, Ihe 
+was figured with Wings, as- we learn fropa__ fopjattias, 
+having in one Hand d Lion; apct fn, the ptKer a Pac^her, 
+her Ch a?i 6 t■ bWrrg dfawn 1 cl th er ~>vitff two Heifers, <<jr by 
+two Hcrrfe? 6f d?&r 6 Kt.‘Co 7 bilnC . In ifte ^^n Theology 
+Drorra'• whs - botlv'a' natural' and animated Divahity-'j ac¬ 
+cording to the Principles of thp Poets, Diana,, Lucira, 
+Jttnop Vetiils, Bubajiis and Ifs, were frequently but pne 
+.'thd-'-the fame Divinity; that is to fay, .that Planet 'tyfcich 
+/he reprefentcd ; and,this is the Key to aibthat we ixnd in* 
+their Works concerning moff of the Attributes pf-riiis 
+Goddefs; " : That, when ihe reprefentedtfye:Mobn ? ijiejyas 
+cal lcd-Lutina ; Diana again, WHejn /he* was: taken for the 
+Goddefs who loved Hunting ; a,nd Profrpino,, or; /facet? 
+'>hen fhe was accounted an infernal Divinity; When 
+Diana was invoked by Women in Child-bed, fhe was 
+called Luciiia, as al fo Jnno Vranjaba, the Goddrfs of .Mar¬ 
+riage. 'She had feveral other Names, fuch as that of 
+'Tr:*v:a, importing that file was wor/hipppd in the Crofs- 
+ways, Streets'and publick Roads, where her Statues were 
+publickly erefled. The'Names-of Miliha , a!Hat and 
+Anaiiis were given her by th e.Phenia'ans, Arabians and 
+Cappadocians. The other Names that are given to the 
+fame Go’ddefs' are moftly derived from the Places where 
+/he was ‘worfhlpped; thus Hcfycbins calls her Aorta, 
+from a Mountain of that Name in Algol is ; and Paufauias, 
+Corypbca, from another Mountain near Jipidaunu ; the 
+F.lcans named her Epcculutrix ; the .Cijieans, Difiynua ; the 
+EghirfSc, Jtrgbea ; thofe of Sicily, Lya; bccaufe they be¬ 
+lieved /he had cured them of the Spleen, If Diana is' 
+taken for the Moon, jQic £, is as old as the Creation, that 
+i*T, 569S Years. If for the Daughter of Jupiic/ and 
+hat on a, in the' 2 c; 121b Year of the World, rptfS Years 
+before'Chri/fj to "which add 175°* makes 3238 Years 
+fllice Diazr.Cs Time. : 
+
+Who were Contemporaries wklr/)/«w<r ?. 
+
+A. Qihnit /, Caleb's Son-in-law, at this Time Deliverer 
+of the Tlrat'liiis from the King of \L J^putainin { Sin me f If) 
+Khir'&f Egypt ; King of Corinth ; Jupiter, Kiuff 
+
+of'Crete ; Jejht, a lyli-n, King of Sprat:. No P 
+
+Ediitoriiins at this Time. 
+
+
+er 
+
+' - C> 
+
+oct i :> no 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+' t ■ ] • .' i ' 
+
+
+
+
+Jlijlornfihe Gtfdsi ~ Goddefifesj fifth i: 12& 
+
+-r;,/,.,! -e 7 r~ «Hvf ov- vf^;-..^* 
+
+m-,•» i • *.i -irun:'»*r *■& •■ 
+
+r -. ' ^Xrh rv d>bx py,**/r~ Or TYT/J.-l P '-■. . r _ . i 
+
+
+'Who was EIlsur, 6 rD 7 J*?S\ , 7 . „.,., t ;\> ; 
+
+'AT ceiebratfed ^^iider' fhq Namto£;^i/fl 
+
+th*e"Dau^Kr ^di** Si A//,’ 7 the irrnr* t ,.»•/>4 
+
+i «*->**** t^m * . .i * fi*'. 
+
+
+was 
+
+.of Tyre ia Rh&^ir 
+
+
+era 
+
+Death 
+( 
+
+
+
+)' the Prieif abf tier- 
+
+
+j-/wuvu v/i uu y V 1 
+
+(not "Sich'reZS't as Vj* jrll Would have if 
+crips', ' Ker lVT^ther’s Brother, who-was p 
+
+
+poflel&d of inamenfe 
+Riditfs ^ r tnir which tic’Fear of the covetous Pygmalion 
+obilge's hifri to keep f<? fecret, that hewasQ flly. conjeblured 
+to'he fo rich.'. This however wad enough to inflame the 
+Avarice of the King, who, without regard to the Ties of 
+Blood which unitecFthem, cruelly murdered him. ., JSJisur, 
+diSFerrfbling the ; Relentinejit ? gave.out.that ih£ was. de- 
+iiro'us to leave aj Place \vh : cli .ferved only, to renew: her 
+Grief, and to go and live with Pygmalion. He,.pjefum¬ 
+ing ihe Would bring with her the Treafure of her Huf-' 
+band, lent her a Ship and a Conv.oy ; but, having fet fail, 
+Ihe had the Precaution to lodge; in^the ; Ship fome Bales 
+loaded with Sand; and, having given out that ifie .was 
+going'to facrihce to the Manes ofhet Hufbaruj* jwh at ever 
+wirs ntoft 'dear to her in the Wbrld, ihe threw them into ■ 
+the Sea, telling the Soldiers'it was the iyionvy,.of rlie 
+uilfortunafe Siebnrbr:, and that ■ . confeqiicntiy there was* 
+no other‘Refource for them but to fly with. her. linca 
+Pvgnt.ilio)!, if he found them come without 67 , h<>> /v fs 
+T re a lures, would put them all to death, which obliged 
+them to go and leek a Sanctuary from the Profeciuion 
+of that Prince. They firft landed in Cyprus , /whurjCt;; 
+/>/./* carried off fifty \ohng Virgins," whom Ihe .gubc in. 
+Marriage to 'the 'Coinphnjc:: in the .Expedition, ,'.pic 
+Wind drove them, afrerivaids upon the Cojt + 
+
+where that Princefr vaifctl a Cittadel, near which the City, 
+of C • > /7 'gs was afterwards- built, lb gi cat was the Cor. - 
+courle of People and Aiei rluints. We are told tjvit /}/>/<> 
+bought from the Inhabitant, uf the Country jn^clt 
+< Ground as a Bull’*' Hide could caver ; upon whichJW cuj;: 
+down a Hide into many Thong. , which OTiconVpaflha <i 
+Chiantity of Ciround lulncicnr to ( bmld a ClpHtd upau # i 
+which from tlieuco v. as called. I[p /.V, tliat Pylfu y 
+
+l:'!--, Iml. tin., fable i: ov. ini v t«J the f, wlfo laeUnul 
+»‘d in !md in tfieir 1 .ant*u.u*';. tiie LiivmolouV id all ;\i» 
+tupii'v, not knuv. iwy ihd . *u f. ■ in i}n >' . 
+
+L) (> , 
+
+
+
+mi 
+
+Tiki an Langy^ge imports a CtftagUL- A (hex. $he JPhad* - 
+vyMdra DiJa led into this Part of Africa, had xhadc I 
+this "Settlement there,, they w^uld,. need? | cpiripcl the 
+C^ueeh to' many Jar has, 'King of RXauriiariai. .who; Jksd 
+declared War iiport, them , STiu ibe fought,.three Months 
+to ^oniider ©fit. D airing that, *1 *im^,,. haying efe ft e d > &\ 
+funeral PHe£ as if by feme Sacrifice uie had betsn.tDiap-'? 
+peafe the 'Manes, of her Conner Hy(bacd > .'..fl)^'fhabbcd' 
+heifelf with a Poniard, whereof fhe died..- ..Thi^ Aftitot 
+made her get the Name of Dido,, which-import 'fvatiaht 
+iVuman ; and, by a Grange Courfe of Hiftpry^/YYY’A in-, 
+ftead of reprefenting her as a Woman who killed heffelf^. 
+rather than marry a fecond Huibaad^ make? hef.-fd 
+much in love with Eneas, that his Depaj^ure .drove-hfn ta ? 
+!Defpair*‘ He makes alfo an Anathronifm of near, 300- 
+Years,-for there is no lefs an Interval between Eneas ,and 
+Dido. Troy having been taken in the Time of the Judges,, 
+and Pygmalion, 'Did? s Brother, not having come.into the 
+World till' the Reign of for am. King of Judah. ■ Ac¬ 
+cordingly Bochart makes Dido to have been A.unt.to the 
+famous Jezebel $ whom Ahaz married, and who brought lb 
+many Calamities upon the.Kingdom of IfraeL Dido, left 
+the Kingdom of Tyre the feventh Year of Pygmalion's-. 
+Rcign 247 Years after die taking o(T/:j\ and 933 Year7. 
+before Jefus Chri/K to which add 1 750, makes 7.703. Yrai s 
+Ihxcc Vida's Time. 
+
+
+SJ. Who were the /)/ aids ? 
+
+A. The Druids were, the principal Mmiflers of die Re- 
+bghjfl of‘the Gau/s, yet they were not the only ones, there 
+wer£ dzifereQt Degrees in their; Hierarchy. , The. Ancients 
+reckon among thofe feveral JVIinillers the BdrJJ, the 
+Aubag/j, the Aah s, and the Druids. The latter were the. 
+chief, and the other only Subalterns, v;ho a (Tilled them 
+in their Min:.(tradon, and in every Tiling were much in¬ 
+ferior to diem. The Burdi, whole Name in ihe Cviuc 
+Language import?, according to Fiji us, a Eoneti < ;vcle- 
+brated in Vcrlh tile immortal Deeds of neat Men, yom 
+
+« • . « • y * 
+
+Jionly prajfed them trjiou, muftcal Vuitiumant:.. Tin ir 
+
+
+# h 
+
+
+tin h.*'h hivm iireem, ti-.it tin y ■>, •/>: tu'ii-amr 
+
+*• ^ * 
+
+.1: _*\« j ':YrY :Vi.nn .'»:v «-l .b. h- \ ho.. • n.id 
+
+* 
+
+-I) -.'.i. 1 :j': I-’.: h tJlfi.d •!■>• • a- '■ •!I • i 1 
+
+. \ u : if . . u 
+
+
+.1 
+
+
+
+Hipry »f-tM GodsV'€So<Me &«;;'-€t 
+
+
+ready to sbgag®; or* thou® the Battik Was J 
+both.Parties* pjr-e&ntly laid d6wit t6 n^amexi 
+
+tawhatthey h ad-to* prdp&fe. The Sairhiidet ih&b£te3tfij? 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+Eubugii, had the Care of the Sacrifices, and applied'them- - 
+felves to the Contemplation of Nature, Bat t&efe three' 
+Sorts a£M iniltere were, in every Thing inferior, and. fub-C 
+
+• * 1 • # + ' i i 
+
+• .The N&me* of Drsids is certainly derived; froth £h$: 
+Celtic Word J>eru 9 lignifying an^Oalc, which the Gre/sfa- 
+call %*h ,‘ were therefore among our kid’entC<7«/x.tK^^ 
+chief Minifter3 of Religion; fo great was^Heir Authbi^tj^ 
+that nb -Affair of Importance was undertideeb'til|l Jtpey^ 
+were coafalted. They prefided irr the Eftatesirdctefinp^^- 
+cd Peace or War as they pleafed,. punifhed'&elinqiients^ 
+and their Power fometimes went the Length* or dcpbiiyigf 
+the Magiftrates, and even the Kings, when they did-Jacsr 
+obferve the Laws of the Country. They were the j&ft.'of 
+the Nobility, of whom the Common-wealth was ;coin r 
+pofed, and all bowed before'them. To thembelonged’i 
+the Right-of creating an annual M 2 gi£lr'are tb 'gpyej^i in- 
+every City. Sometimes even with the Name ancJ.Au-. 
+thcrity of King, or Vcrgobrct ; who could do nothing 
+without them, not fo much as affemble his Council: ,So : 
+that ftrittly fpeaking, it was they that aflually reigned; 
+and the Kings were but their Mmiltcrs, or rather gac-cv**. 
+The Dm: Is had the Charge of the whole Religion, which 
+alfcr gave them an unlimited Power. Thus' Sacrifices, 
+Offerings, Prayers publick and private; the Frivjlqge of. 
+predicting foture Events, of coniulting the ‘ Gods, ' of 
+
+
+tne j smuts tormea icverat v_oneges m u uur t yet that ot 
+die Country of Chartres was always accounted the mbit, 
+eouiicicubic, arid the Head of that College lygs the. 
+High-prielt of the Cauls, if was hi the' VV'oods’o^ this* 
+Country that ihv great Sacrifices' Were 'bf fared,, and, :ij \ 
+h, rami C Vrutnonies of RcdifdoA p'orforrliedi” -Tltcrc 
+
+
+-.1 : * i 
+
+
+c lil rmosHcri vt Ac:(ir(K;n ivnorrinru. • l Here 
+
+. 'i j ( • 
+
+„ .. j h..t hr. li.undees i<! die Cuju-Ury • 
+
+-. .ie '.w .'kuio’i Ol what r' -ni 
+
+i t ii : Uv-a 0 :if: 1 -roe - 
+
+
+- K A J 
+
+
+> 
+
+
+
+
+'■.1 : 
+
+
+
+€% Hzftory tf ihe Gods, GoddeiTes, &c. 
+
+* • •* ' * ' . * ^ . ■ — 
+
+their Druids'aSTcmpled:. This, au^ene Life theirs 4frucfc 
+Julius Carfar with* Admiratioa; even, Ca3/ar r _ who fiar<J1 v 
+admired any Thing But ofteotatiaus Virtues, wasffrncfc 
+with them to, iiich 2 Degree * that he could not but 
+efteem them. *• . 
+
+» 0 l 
+
+$ { * /■ 
+
+* • ' " • . *« 
+
+: Who* were the Druidcjfes ? 
+
+j$. Thofe \yhd have read C&far' s CommentarieSi' 7 .aid 
+citus, and fome others of the Ancients, know what’Re¬ 
+gard the Germans and Gauls had for their Wives. Thofe 
+of. the "Druids efpecially fhared the Authority with their 
+Hufbands, though with fome Dependence; - -and inters 
+meddled like them not only, in political Affairs, but alfo 
+3 ft thofe of Religion. As there were in the Gauls , even 
+from the Time of the Conqueft of the Romans, Temples 
+into which all Men were denied Accefs, in them the 
+Druidelft-’s prefided, and regulated all that belonged to the 
+Sacrifices, and other Ceremonies of Religion. We may 
+diflinguifh three Sorts of Druideffcs ; the firlt lived in 
+Celibacy, as thofe of the Ifland of Sain ; others, though 
+married, dwelt regularly in the Temples which they 
+ferved, except one Day of the Year, when they were 
+permitted to have an Interview with their Hulbands. 
+'Hie OruideJTfs of the third Order lived conffantly with 
+their Hufbands, and took, care of the private Affairs of* 
+their Families. We may divide them again into two 
+Clafles ; in the firlt were the PriefleiTes, while thofe who- 
+were but Miniffers under the Order of the firtl compofed 
+the fecond. As nothing gives more Reputation than the- 
+pretended Knowledge of Futurity, fo we may judge of 
+that of thofe PrieItches, who were believed to be poU’effed- 
+of that Gift in an eminent Degree. People came from all 
+Quarters to confult them wall great Confidence, and 
+their Dccifions were reckoned Oracles. The Emperors 
+thcmfelvcs, when they were Mailers of the Gauls, did not 
+difdain to confult them. The Ihu'nh took upon them the 
+fame Profcllion ; but wliether Wive*, were more expert 
+in ir, that v, knew better how to deceive, they had 
+abandoned it alinolt to them The Ih uld,/ia were ella- 
+bliflied in alinoil all the 1 llaiuls that were upon the Gallic 
+CnnlL, and upon thole that weic near Enyjiind; yet Co, 
+that in rlioie where f)>ui.h wei«*, there were no !h n;dt //G y 
+ami thebj again policficd the oilier.. All thole lil.nnk 
+
+
+
+M or 0, tff:9 ods » % 
+
+were confecfaced to fome particular, J}vt^nity r owhofe 
+th'^l^re.' The Miniflers 
+
+0ifa* WW^nfti^s; C»^f 
+
+tfright too/ ?« at they Jpjftred thli^fve^ rripr^.paitieu- 
+l&tly Vftere thdn eTfd where, to magical Operations ;.-and 
+it was an Opinion fpread through au the Gauls , that they, 
+as Mailers of the Wind ?< _ rai/e cf, Spoxm s,., 9 ad • Tempeits 
+when they had a mind. Alexander ^xy/fusihe Emperor, 
+
+/* . ^ .'f i -t, 1 '** ri _‘ 1 *. •. a.--* % w ' u .1 1 A /*«• 
+
+
+
+was 
+
+
+“ to 1 be Emperor.” 
+Hbllefs, hailily, 
+
+
+•again ft* y Ouro#h 'Soldiers‘/C^ccprdingly,. that Prince 
+is aftaffitiated’ 'in that fa mV Campaign/. The Emperor: 
+AhVelidn, intending td dohfulfc'fome of theni, .to know if 
+
+% \ Ml/ % ^ ^ ^ 
+
+the Empire would' be l'ongin his Family, they anfwered. 
+him: limply, that the Family of Claudius was to be one 
+Day the moll illilftrious ; ‘and indeed that of Aurelian. 
+did not fiibfift long. 
+
+Dijclffu,?7, when he was but an Officer of the Gaufs 9 . 
+
+was amnfing hiiiifelf one Day in calling up his Accompts, 
+
+when his Hoftefs, who w’ks a famous Druide/j, thus ad- 
+
+drafted him, 46 In truth," Sirs, you- are too covetous.” 
+
+“ • Well, replied Diocljian, I ffiall he liberal when I come . 
+
+" You ffiall be fo,” anfwered the 
+
+“ when you have flain a Boar, cum 
+
+“ A brum oecideris." Dicclcda ilruck with this Anfwer, 
+
+1 ►' , T 
+
+applied himfelf from that time a great deal to the kill¬ 
+ing of thefe Animals, without arriving, however, at the 
+Empire ; but at lad, bethinking himlelf, that the Latin 
+Word Apcr y which fignifies a Roar, might refer to Apes . 
+Ktimer inn's Father-in-law, he put him to death, and fo 
+became Emperor. There were of the Druids y and Drui- 
+dtffsy at lead in the Country of Chartres, to the middle 
+of the fifth Century ; and it is probable, that their Order 
+was not quite abolilhed till ChriJH unity had triumphed fully 
+in the Gnuls over the Superllition of the Pagan World, 
+
+which happened but late in fome Provinces. 
+
+« 
+
+i'V Who w:ii f./ia, and how came lie to be made a 
+Cod ? 
+
+J. I'.ucu f and Rrad. .///. tnirtis were two Sons of 
+and appointed by him two Judge, of Hell, the lirll for 
+the Asiatics, the Other for tile F.;t uptu.m, and over them 
+
+
+it/;/. 
+
+
+:t>' 
+
+
+
+&4-- '' Hijfcry 
+
+
+
+
+
+si' Ooddfeiles^ zsc. 
+
+
+
+Cafes, 'their VVibtoid was erected in' a 'Place calked 
+
+* 
+
+she Field of Truth, ‘becdufer there Falfhcca and'CaldmaV" 
+had no Aczeis. TJiefe a Prince, io Jibon as he has expirees 
+fcood forth ' io vie«/' itrippe-A of nil fhowy Grandeur, hi 
+his'cvvh Colours. Without Guards or Attendance/ Quite 
+fpcecrilefs, and trembling for himfelf, after he had ’made 
+tlvd whole Earth, zo tremble.-. If he y/as found, guilty, cf 
+Vices capable* of-being expiated, he was confined” to • 
+Tartarus on.lv for a Time, with A durance to oc fet’ at 
+
+
+** 4 n 
+
+
+liberty fa -bon as hoe was fii/Rciently purified. Minot* 
+
+* ./ «T 
+
+3 ecus and ’Rkudarr.ar.thus were therefore the three Per- 
+fen ages, who for their Itrick Probity were choiVn to bp 
+rii e j u age s o f He 11. 
+
+* 7 'arraruj is a hideous Prifon of a t3rribbeLepi.il, farrour.d- 
+:-d with the miry Bogs of Cacytus, and of the itivsr iTV- 
+•jL'i’c/T., which robs Torrents of Pinnies all around 3 three 
+
+AS ' 9 _ 
+
+flews of vValls with brazen-Gates render the Place in- 
+accefhble. T-jii^horc, the inch he i Ufa of the three Puriem 
+v'tubes rr: the Gate, acid hinders air* from going out,- 
+
+— 1 nf ^ ^ ^ 
+
+* \ /s l + Lit • 4 4 s( l 4 * t (* % » .# V« ^ WV# ^ '~%.l A 1 W.. — — i i w S % ANr .2, ^ ^ ♦-> - A • J -# J \J - i ^ 
+
+v* ,cf >“*t — -*ifv •‘•'vt ‘Ti^r **'*‘1 Tv, '■ ’ 
+
+- 1 • v/ ~ •> J L W 1 w w » w •* % 1 % ^4 s- 4«f Ai W&L • %* 1 * » ; *. ** » - - 
+
+
+— * ^ 
+
+
+-g , 
+
+
+1 - :•>• • • ,* ■) ' * 
+
+/w - ' 7 * '» > | ' * *» '• 1 t' ,*A - ** c*V I n* -»n "* • «/- f • 
+
+. i L G • £.• 1 - v* l - v— — \ u G C j*. 11« a AI c* <■ % - - - ± - •-* 
+
+
+' r'*/j->s -s-v-t . y •"*" ~ ;Nr; nrr* "N tm:' g T* 
+
+*- — 1 « V--** *-* -* W 7 w- —- ^ ~ t-i g -- • o • vk,<u , 
+
+- , -\ . • • -■» 
+
+'• 'IV “«• *t*j>-*- Vh'lf* *-yv-* »—rj |* * i '!"*'■ Tl « / **T 'T « 7 ' ' t 
+
+- > w . v — v^i I U ju f L; O ^ J ^ • 4 ^ - #- 
+
+""• 1 « % < * * 1 r ^ ^ ^ « •• - «p • v 
+
+’ > v- n 7 * " 17 , /* n * 7 »ir w* n r r *» >t — —i * j - --i c r ,• - r i»- f * t -■* * 
+
+l * * ^ 
+
+'.vitii which they la!h them 
+
+In this hideous Vianficr:- are tonhned thofc of di:t:n- 
+guiilied Wi ched no is, whofe very Crimes have made them 
+famous. The proud Tlratzs, whom 'Juvitcr fiiuiiderllrudc, 
+when they attempted to Leiiege the Gods of C7v;ar; 
+
+^ 1 • n v\ • r r , 1—11 . * j * * 7f , t r 
+
+'71 r f * M ' *• J P ^ ? r x mrm •;r / s;+ 4 '~ 7 ?*'^? .• il r* 7 * * r. - 7 r , • 
+
+ana Uiu : 7 r/:\cin fi^ptune nati oy d;pat:,z P tile ‘-vi. e 0. 
+;.he Gian: Www fdfer there a Puniihrncnt uroocrthmec 
+
+
+>r - their Ciim.es, Li this dreadful Man don is aife lodyen 
+
+
+
+
+> -j " /*• ’ f m r> 
+
+
+“ » >«- • ^ , ' 
+V *V‘ - 1 ' '■ 
+
+
+me mad Tv.Vv^.u;^. tvlio attempted 
+Thunders : The daring T:ty:r u who pro fumed to an axe 
+Love co Laioua, and. whom sspolfo transfixed with hie 
+wrrov/3, is there condemned cc horrible Torments : 
+
+
+w 
+<.- - 
+
+
+cruel Vultur 
+
+
+e is 
+
+
+r? Kr 
+
+
+1 lv 
+
+
+•nrAuinrr 1 T> 
+
+r -" ^ T *0 * ^ ^ 
+
+
+T rj< 
+
+
+
+
+which grows again as fall as it is devoured. The pirn- 
+
+O <2> ...-*- 
+
+
+mmuuious .fvLr;f v/Iic-hcaltcd th a:; ho had lain vvhh Jure, 
+
+' ^ * V 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A J 
+
+
+
+Hificrj oftTiks-- .Gads 
+
+—' - 4.- ■ J O K_ • 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+fcr : £is Peer it.bans Jits forever us an 2. Stone, wheii£i.-? 
+
+he .cannot pofiibly.lHr.t Tantalus, foiCkavisig 'defined to , 
+put z Cheat uberf the.G.cds, ?.vi To farvs* *ip tn tr-em. at 
+Table the Members .of his own Sen £c?sps> there pines ' 
+aw-ryhvitb the. mod outrageous Hunger amitlh Plenty‘of 
+
+
+
+nail/ to pc-ur Water into n. Calk full of Holes*:- There 
+^•vp.^r.Vv for repealing the Secret:, of the Gods, rolls w 
+liuire..Stone to the Too cf a Mountain, whence it cch- 
+
+^»»/ hi i 
+
+t’.anally tumbles down .again : Oedipus? v,he flew his 
+rather L-iius, and married his Mothbr JacaJia; his wretch¬ 
+ed Sons BdCvvc/w and Prj'wulcc r, who ’.vaged ’'Tar upon 
+one another, ar.d were da in by each other's Hands in the 
+heal Ten’.bat: : Air-. us , Pi'j-.jEAjlu:, and 
+
+all the other dgn.nl Offenders, fufthr uheir Torments pro - 
+portioned to their ('rimes. 
+
+r ** ■« 1 T 1 ^ . 1 p /—» 7 • * • V 
+
+p ,» i .n " O r , ;• '»*"'*• '** •• ^ 
+
+-*« ■< * -» - - w e-«. J — .1 v -> — A.. j * X L >. * j - - —* v * <• I» y »v«.» » — ' *» n •--» 
+
+• • • ^ r **. *m P h" C *f* • m i ^ o lO’TlM "V np* } 
+
+• - »r. * # *-> 
+
+' '*nTO : ‘p 'In, ' j* -*t ■*-* of ~ i vi • i t* -% 
+
+♦ * ^ I’ 1 ^ V - ^ ^ • .w/ , w. ^ ^ • r •« I ^ V to » # l// -* * * *• ’** J ■* 1 J 1 V i • ^ ^ # - i % L« H m - ^ 
+
+* ^ ^ 
+
+-r ’Hour., cite doer, makes the Name of a. Ckfmr-\ :o 
+
+• - 
+
+'thorn they hr*- - c Hrer. the Name of Corfu or ting So'tir H 
+
+A {+">'-.** '■*Vi jm T in *- f .> — . v^ In f -'-r .v^Tih **» • % \ /. >/"• * 
+
+
+! " N " M ' • ! nnd r / *.rr, , 'v 'vff o T '* P * 7 '“t-* r r-n><r~-" 
+
+*- * ^ f V 
+
+' • ^ » T 1 ^ ^ * / - 
+
+-;:\v li/u ^ Uu! - Cut ^L .\ 3 . ^ / , 
+
+a rrtoi o: which •?, his rnanne:* ot .-ccor.ung. nueu.o, a no 
+
+the firm 11 Regard he has to the V/crds of that Hero::, dll 
+
+he has Hen the Golden Bow. As Cb:rror was believed to 
+
+carry none over gratis, hence was citnhlifhcd the Cudo.t,: 
+
+of olacirg under the Tongue of the dJecoafcd a niece of 
+
+eionyv, "ddeh the Latins call v*nidus^ the Gn:e'.':s Haw.r r, 
+
+-/ — 
+
+-• Mi ^ ^ -4V e V4 AU W «# w'J 1 a- Li r ' ^ -1 •» U«*-«4« / W>a V4*^Ai 
+
+r*'^i i * r;r.- H’T'' rrni rt '* ^ prr, yi +■ p *p T ",7' ^T n ^ 
+
+^ ^ ^ rLi 4 A-»{t 4 rIw 4 I 1 W % r I ^ A i a i 'a# Ua# 1 I * , A V i# A ♦» to A- u> «1 •* 
+
+• J ** • O V^> 
+
+✓ A «J 4* ^ ^ -4 L /J ( ^ I # hi % K-J * l % 4 iJ 4 ± ^ kr ^*4 v 
+
+7/Vmnnv ; c;-:aa:n^. tar: 
+
+ions cf Ivinas. Accordingly, Lucir.n ai- 
+dint the Cuflcnt onttinc- an Ob:ahi$~ into tn.e 
+Alouth of trie Dead, to pay their hare, was univeriai 
+ap.nro the (f.-’rAu and Ro^u%tis ; and tve know none that 
+
+_ 4_/ 
+
+^ifpented vvith it but thciYL7h7:?::r^;;,^ o^caufe the^ ihon^bt. 
+
+^ . > { r 
+
+if* Hr"Tn 
+
+
+( A "■ ^ i / 
+
+1 * U - W V- v— - > k 
+
+i 7^ r'? f 
+
+' A •»' V —*• N 
+
+• n 
+
+G:;*;rcilcc 
+
+a netty 
+
+even .fron 
+
+b •* 
+
+t die So 
+
+J n — ,r T *'• : 
+
+- ^ 1 — -V * 
+
+hint the 
+
+
+
+
+66 Hifiorp nf the Gbdsy Goddefiea**' Es?r, 
+
+6 
+
+. ihemfelves fo near Hell*- that they reckoned there’was 
+no Nece/fity for their ^paying any-Thing far their P 3 flag e- 
+The Athenians were fo fuperftitious as to believe, that 
+they were obliged to give fomething mone'fdr their 
+Kings, in order for to diitinguiih them from the'Herd of 
+, vulgar Souls ; accordingly, they put into thetr Mouths no 
+jefs than three Pieces of Gold. We are further to knotv, 
+that they were not contented with this Piece of Money ; 
+and, in order to make their PaiTage the more lure, they 
+put into the Coffin of the Defundt an Atteliation of hrs 
+Life and Morals.. This was a kind of Pafs, the Form 
+whereof is preferved by an Author, ‘ f J under-defigned, 
+“ Anicius Sextus, the Pontiff, atteft, that fuch a one was 
+a Perfon of good Life and Converfation ; let his. Manes 
+* 4 reft in Peace.” Whereby it appears, that, to make thrs 
+Atteflation the better received in the other World, the 
+Pontiff himfelf ufed to write it. 
+
+
+The Dog Cerberus was the famous Keeper of the in¬ 
+fernal .Regions,.,the Idea whereof was jikewife derived 
+from E&yft, where Burial-places were kept by maftive 
+Dogs. The Serpent of 'Jeuarus ferves to embelifh this 
+Story. The profound Cave o f Tenants was once inhabited, 
+by a frightful Serpent, or a kind of Dragon, whicli ravag¬ 
+ed the Confines of that Promontory ; and this Cave was 
+reckoned the Gate of Hell ; hence they took occafion to 
+fay, that the Dragon was the Porter of thefc dreary Man- 
+fions : And this is the Original oi (Cerberus, who was call¬ 
+ed the. Dog of Hell, though it was nothing but a Serpent. 
+Hosier i$ fhe flrfl who gave him that Appellation. 1 Jt is 
+true, ip. after Times Cerberus was reckoned, a Dog with 
+$hr$e Heads, but they never got rid altogether of the Idea 
+of the Serpent of 'Tc varus ; thus, inftead Of Hair, his Neck 
+was faid to be encompaffed with Snakes ; and the three 
+Tongues were given him only becaufe the voluble Mo¬ 
+tion of Serpents Tongues Teems to make three of them ; 
+or becaufe ( che Tongue is fomewhat like-a barded Javelin. 
+
+When did Hue us and Rhiuiami ml bus live, and who 
+were flieir Contemporaries ? 
+
+A. Emus and Rhuni .<■ nu:uthus lived in the Year of tho 
+
+
+World ^^51, 
+
+lyyo, makes 
+
+Their' Cont 
+
+
+I/J49 Years before Chrift, to 
+it > nj9 Years fince their Time, 
+c inn ora vies, were 'hut.sue. King 
+
+
+
+which add 
+of Babylon 
+
+r <>t j 
+
+hunt (['it 
+
+
+
+. Gods; Goddeffi9,‘ ^^. 
+
+Eumipas, Kmg-of Thrace j Romus , Kipg of Gaul ; Aielger 
+ruled,in GerjnasyyRomu^ King erf Spain .' ; J 
+
+*.i ; • .-• ’ ' 
+
+> What aye tbefeyou call the Elyjian Finds ? 
+
+A. On the right of Tartarus is the Way that leads'to 
+tho Elyfian Eields, thofe happy Xfles^-here the Sauk of 
+fuch;, as-haf'e-lived :virtuouily in this World Enjoyed 
+profound Peace and Tranquility, accompanied with the 
+mOft innocent refined Pleasures. Let us imagine to our- 
+felves inchanted Places abounding with every Thing con¬ 
+ducive to HappineL ; Bowers for ever green, charming 
+IV^eadows, with Fountains and Streams gliding gently 
+tlirough them ; the Air healthful, temperate and ferene ; 
+Iiirds eternally warbling in delightful-Groves ; a perpe¬ 
+tual Spring, with other Suns, and other Stars. Thefe 
+and the like are the Images under which the Poets pa'nit 
+the Regions of Blifs ; thofe happy Ifles, the Kingdom of 
+Adrajlus, as they fometimes call it ; in a Word, the Ely - 
+ft an F'n Us. But as the Defcriptions which they give of 
+them were only the Fruit of-their own Imaginations, 
+every one of them represents the Pleafures and Employ¬ 
+ments of the Place conformable to his own Inclinations. 
+
+4 
+
+Tibullus , voluptuous and prone to the Charms of Love, 
+makes .it to abound with Mirth and all fenfual Pleafures. 
+
+
+
+Virgily more challe, admits nothing there but innocent 
+Sports and Jmploymeats worthy the Heroes who are the 
+Inhabitants ; -and herein he has copied Homer. Jn the 
+Greek Poet the Ghoft of Achilles wages War with the 
+wild Bcafts; and in die Latin Poet the Trojav Heroes ex : 
+breife .thumfelves in managing Horfes, or in handling 
+Arms-. . Some Poets have added the Pleafures' of good 
+Cheer,- deferibe Elyjium as a Place of contiual Feafhng ; 
+while nothing, they fay, is fo forry and mean as the 
+Entertainments Hccutc gives herGuefts'in Hell. This 
+proves that die Part of Man who inhabit thofe Re¬ 
+
+
+gions is corporeal, llnce it could not fubfift without 
+Nourishment.- ' 
+
+From fucli Fables and Fi&ions as thofe the Poets 
+
+
+m uuai >, which lmiiiuucM, lii.il liicil. iv l i ^ nautiip 
+
+covered with ficrnal jDaikncls, others dint lived under 
+
+
+
+r ^ 
+
+
+■ \ , - t V-*’ s - > " “ 
+
+88 tliftory of- ^cX^is^ QodSeffeBi^S^-^ - 
+
+(Sronnd; others ffcarhad but-^nfcljye j: J 8r&hdWerc jpf,af 
+gigantic-likeForm^*thaK* f t$ie; 3 Sto 1 ’£ifl Sties’ V,eriV'every 
+Evening tor-bed in the Ore an*, ahd Numbers 1 of' luciv like 
+Fi&ions, builfc «pon> forite ^aggeratcti'^^fatibiis. See 
+Siiwfa $Qtik xr. £. JC35 v aiid >038. ’ r t ’ * *' *' 4 ' .'* ',\7' ,.. . 
+
+
+* . - i 
+
+v * 0 % ^ ♦ 
+
+
+^ 14 
+» # a 
+
+
+* * > . ✓ 
+
+
+Of * 
+
+
+* /U' - 
+
+
+,.^,'rWho was'Enmr, atld'how carnet h^tdTje^niaUe^a. 
+
+Gof? ;-*•• * ' •■• - ;: * V s "" V' ' 
+
+A. Pros , - the. King- of 7 *rcy had* CwcrBbfts 'Has' and 
+- raeux ; die latter : had a Sort who .was Jr a- 
+
+ther to Ancbifcs* and Grand^fath^r td-xV/wj 'thtis'he .\yas 
+of the, Btood-royal by the Father's Side/' ahd, f in^rTie 
+• Opinion of moft of the Ancients,^ the* ‘Oo'ddefs V'rV^j-'* wan 
+his.Mother- " Nothing is f® famous- ttiritiiig tftdTPdetSj "as 
+the Commerce o £ Anchifcs <vith ; thif Crodaefs, 1 but’ pro¬ 
+bably .this Fabie -was invented*to-dodk fomO Piece? of 
+Gallantry, arid, to cabn ; tfoe^ Jealoufy of Anehifts's Wife, 
+who favv him .too often frequent the Banks of the River 
+•S:\ftyxf) where he was probably fmitren with the'Charms 
+-of fome,. Shephexdeh,-who was, perhaps, denominated. 
+■y r f 7 jus y upon. accotmtof hfcr'Ke’a'uty:’- Ifwbuld‘Icem that 
+•ihe was that Partus, whom H-mhrr makes to r havfe : be‘eri the 
+•Daughter gf DiorX, andtvlrods mentioned itt c.\ An- 
+<hija lived dll the‘Age of eighty Years. Opinions, hrtiy- 
+■ever, are much-divided* on this-Head. * Virgil makes liiirt 
+io 'have died at c fr,ja;r:i in Siri/y ; Pauf:nias In Arc. Ala 
+■Dio/iyjius' JLilicxirtxnffm and otheh bring hiini; as'"far’as 
+where he ends his-Days. • ; 
+
+Endas^ his Son, was ^ educated in the Co tin try tilt he was 
+put upder .the Djre&ion of a Govcrribr, and Tojtfb Veto 
+after./*/*Vww. gave him his Daughter Crsujk tn Marriage, 
+by whom he had: r a Son named ''fuluy' or 7 cent vs. A- 
+mong the Achievements of Rural during the Siege, a* 
+they, are related by the Poet, he fays, he 1 ‘fought'wit !i 
+Achilles , hut that Neptune carried him off from the‘Coin- 
+bat. I am of Opinion, that what*’had 'given"a Handle 
+co this Fiction.was, that the.Combat between Jthtlir\ 
+and £;/.vj having laftcd die whole Day,’Night put an 
+end to it, or rather fomc Fell l of /V,•/•///.7,• obliged them 
+-.;o fufneml it*. E,tc.:s diliinmnlhed hiinirU, Wncriall y in 
+
+In # ) * 
+
+
+V.o Ni'dn" tint the City wu*. cai-.cn, v/lu-n witliou. 
+* - * ^ 
+
+ih/i-’liiV'- A\ i.im /iit.J ell, u., d/ iu' !*:- 
+
+
+
+
+♦ t . 
+
+
+t / • # f I ! 
+
+~ n. + l * l.- % * J # > * * / 
+
+
+\l\. 
+
+
+' ifl. 
+
+
+1 o! i 
+
+* 4 ~ * 1 
+
+
+\ ■ 1 ;!. V < > 
+
+
+♦ 4 
+
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods* Godde/Tefs, Z$c. 69 
+
+■Ilium, tfcelaft; that; when he faw itwz* 
+
+impoffibk tg dg%fld itvah^ l^au*,. Wornra* cld-Moi 
+dnd Ch4Wgn % * Badc^oo^and.their.caizic ©tothrsU 
+
+^gating !u*W>iy. thro 
+til the caqjs jzp IfiQUutJda, whi$h jwats .the 
+de¥vous i that he the re-formed ,a little Army ©fthofewfi© 
+were able to bear Arms; and the Greeks, not daring to 
+venture a .Battle* n^4e a Treaty with them, by which 
+they were permitted to march off. Eneas fitted out sc 
+Fleet of twenty ShijH near the C\tyu4fandrtt, at the Foot 
+of Mount Ijq, in. which, having embarked, he foil'ar¬ 
+rived in ‘Ibr&ct', where he .founded the City sEnia, and 
+peopled it with thole whom he could molt eaiily fpaie. 
+Setting put from thence, he made the Ifiand Delos, where 
+y/nius, the Highrprieft of Apollo, gave him a favourable Re¬ 
+ception, After, this, having coafted along the Ifiand of 
+Cytier he arrived at a Cape ©f the Pelopcnnefus, which he 
+called Cynetium, from the Name of one of bis Com¬ 
+panions, who was buried there; and having entered Greece, 
+he quitted the Fleet ro go and confult the Oracle of Jx- 
+pi ter at Dodona ;,it was there he found his Rcother-in-law; 
+Helenas, who was reputed in that Country a great Pro¬ 
+phet, arrived,in the Country .of Salen tines, Idomeneus come 
+from Crete, ^fiablilhed his new Colony ; hs would have 
+continued his Cqurfe Jby -the Fare of Mtjjina, but he was 
+obliged .to put into Suily, where he afiilled Eiimus and 
+E'JcjtheS', who alio came from Phrygia, in building two 
+Xpwns of their own Flame. In fine, having departed 
+fi om that Ifiand, he happily arrived at Laurcntum upcaa 
+the Cpaft o f Tyrrbtnisr, near the Mouth of the Eyber, in 
+the Country .of the Aborigines. Their Kiofr-Latinus having 
+raffed an Army againll ljiat of Eneas and his Army, he 
+him (elf made up to. if lens, gave him his Hand, in token 
+of Frien-dflup, and the. two Armies united. The Re¬ 
+membrance of .an Oracle, .which had foretold Latinus the 
+Arrival of lbmc Strangers, whole Leader wan to be his 
+Sou-in-law, was the prinripal Caufe of the Advances Iite 
+made to Em.is. He conducted him. to bis Palace, and in 
+older to confirm, by the it ruffe it Tie-;, die Alliance which 
+he had made with him, and to unite the two Nations for' 
+' vm, he gave him in Maniac,’:, in a ihc:r Time alter.. 
+
+
+n r N 
+* % A >( 4 
+
+
+hn '.ml'.' L/aiiuhtri and r : feirrf* of id/: 
+
+
+
+
+CL. 
+
+
+' * * 
+
+
+' \ 
+
+
+\* » 
+j t - 
+
+
+f!■ t:ic 
+
+
+
+
+t * 
+
+Ml.. 
+
+
+'/m’h .T-’ii la 
+
+
+7 MH 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+:hr. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+70- Hi ft ory of' : the • Ge d sc' Go dd e fie s, 
+
+Latins built at- that *Time'a. City, 1 * which he eaRed A?- - 
+<vin£cum,* from the’Name of hi s : Wife,' by whom‘he had. a 
+Son. named Afcanius • fn-the me air ; time’ thfs 1 Match' 
+brought upon die Trajan* artd 'Aborigine*, a common Enemy ^ 
+Lav mi a, before Eneas's Arrival, had been -protiufed to-' ’ 
+Txrnus, King-of .the RututianSi who inhabited the nm&time •' 
+Part of Campaniai . near the Place where Rome Was after¬ 
+wards” built. This Prince*, young* and ah\b^t^bus‘, , NeJrtreS*' * 
+toJQueen S-snata, Latinuj's- Wife, enraged thatj a Strange^**' 
+fhuuild be preferred to him, declared Warupon’his 
+and gave him Battle, which coft both Sides deard The - 
+Rttttdz were routed, bat it coft Latinus his Life, who • : 
+commanded inPerfon with his Son-in-law. Eneas, beirig 
+foie Mailer of his. Father-in-law’s Dominions 1 , omitted 
+nothing. to prevent the new Efforts -which' Titrnbi was 
+making, -to repair this -Lofs, when- he uttderftood thfrt’h'e ; 
+had.ltruck up an. Alliance • with the 'Etrurtfrnsi' whofe 
+Power..was then, very • formidable : Mczsnitius, who was 
+their King, kept his Court at C<rrc, a wealthy City, and 
+one of the ftrengeft in the Country. Evens, having united 
+the Trojans and Aborigines together, and the laft being as 
+f.ikhful to him as the tirft, he would not wait to receive 
+the Enemy in the City ; be took the Field, and the two ' 
+Armies being very loon'met,- he fought a bloody Battle,' 
+wherein he loll his.jLife. His Body not being found,- it 
+having probably fallen into the River A 'uimcus, near 
+which the Batle was fought, it was given out, that 
+having purified him in the Wat-cr of that River, had pro¬ 
+moted him to -the -Rank of the Gods. A 'Tomb was 
+eroded to him upon the Banks of the River, a Monu¬ 
+ment, .which was llill fubiilUng in the Time of Titnr 
+Ia-jius, and where Sacrifices* were offered to him- after¬ 
+wards under the Name of 'Jupiter Jru/iges. This Heroe 
+died at riie Age of thirty eight Years, and reigned only 
+three, ilia Son Afcanius fuccceded him, and built the 
+famous City Alba, where his Defcendants reigned over 
+the Latin Territories, until A iumtor, Ilomiclus'b Grand¬ 
+father. Eneas lived in the Year of the World 27(h) 
+Yean, to the Coming of Chrift 1:131 Years, to which add 
+17^0, makes 29S 1 Years iince his'Time. 
+
+..// tLiio> , a it Nobleman, who was thought to have 
+nrliayed hi*, Comitiy, bccaule he entertained the (ini 
+], .ij. i baiiadois, who were leul lo demand i/cA//, and did 
+
+
+
+Hijlvry 4 f : tk$.Gods^ .GockJeffes, &cl. yi*. 
+
+not difcoiter* U-iyffa ,: wh en :he knew kiiri in. his Difgtnfb; 
+he and Eneas only advifed to reftore Helen, and make: 
+Peace. He made his Way through the midft of the 
+Greeks and. gpt fafe«into the Termor res of Venice, and 
+built a City -called Antcrcnea, after-his own Name, after¬ 
+wards ;from the River Padus, and now Padua. 
+Diomifes mid Uhffes there privately hole into the Temple, 
+furp^^^nd ,flew the Keepers, and carried off the Pal- * 
+ladit+p**\ a wooden Image of Pallas, whofe Eyes feemed ■ 
+to moye... The Trojans furmifed that it fell from Heaven • 
+into .an uncovered Temple, and were told by the Oracle, 
+that Tray could not be taken whilft that Image remained 
+rhere.. 'Tacitus, lib. iii. c. 13. informs us, that it was be¬ 
+lieved in his Time, that the Games celebrated at Padua, • 
+had beet*, indituted by this Trojan \ and forae Authors - 
+mention and maintain that the Bonnet of the Doges, of ; 
+V nice is made after the Model of thofc of the ancient 
+
+
+F :/ygj a fis. Antcnor , to eftablifh himfelf in that'Part* of 
+}: "b» entered diredly into an Alliance with the Henries, . 
+wc preipat Venetians', and with their Aifillance expelled 
+the Etonians f and built that City which we have now 
+fpoke of If .any of my Readers would fee the Siege of ; 
+. >cy at large, let him read Diilus Cretenjis and Daret-us 
+Phrygius. it was found in Nero's Time in a Tomb in the 
+Phrygian Language. Nero caufcd it to be tranflated into 
+Iran. Eneas and Anterior came from Ttoy in the Year 
+of the World 2769, 1231 Years before Chrirt, to which 
+a.hi 17^0, makes 2981 Years fince their Time. 
+
+j h Who were Contemporaries with Eneas and Anterior? 
+
+
+A. Jeptbab conquers the Ammonites; Thisterus, King 
+of Baby,'on 5 Franc us. King of Germany, from him the 
+/ s in (laid, A'LsnAaus, King of Lace Avion ; Ayywu :n- 
+•7.;'. King id Argos ; Diomede, r, King of Si yon ; PropoJas, 
+h big of Corinth i Frit! mus. King of Troy ; Gar gen is AJel/i- 
+. . King of dp.iin; Chiron, the fifth Son of Saturn, an 
+
+r .udlciit Phyiician, he taught Aihulapius f’hyfc, Apollo 
+Mulic. and llercnls Allronoinv, and was'I ntor to A.hilUs. 
+
+
+,\> Poets, no Jliitoriam, at this 'l ime. 
+
+
+
+i J What was tlie City of Eplnf* < V 
+
+A. I'.pi.':jus - was the capital City </f f"il , built bv the 
+
+as we learn hum I’lin, v. ‘/.'V-'//, 0. ,j, r 
+M i Mf. for ihc TOiJtji’e or D>, om; of the h under* el 
+
+
+
+
+
+72 HSjlory of the Gods, Goddcffes, 
+
+
+
+
+be World 
+
+.Letter T. 
+
+
+s- 
+
+
+sf .-which I fh&Il fpeak when I come to-the 
+
+
+£>'. How cams Equity and JuJUce to .be a. GcdddV? 
+
+AL. Though in general the Greeks and Roman* looked 
+upon Themis ns the Goddefs of ‘Juftice yes tas lattes' had 
+their Jujlice and Equity befidcs, whom they rsprsfcnMd 
+32pQn their Medals, and-on the Monuments tiiatvvefs can- 
+fecrated.to them, the cae under *the Figure of a Wo man 
+fitting with a Cup in one Hand, and her Sceptre’in the 
+vether, as may-be feen on the Medals -of Hadrian and 
+.Alexander Mammeus : Equity again, with a ovverd in one 
+Hand, and a Pair of Scales in the other. This Goddefs 
+was confounded with Aftr era, and Dice, . To whom 
+
+we have an Hymn under the Name of Orpheus, wherein 
+she Author, who ever he was, deftines Incenfe to her. 
+
+
+v* 
+
+
+
+
+Who was Erickthvnius , and how came he to be 
+.snsde a God ? 
+
+• • 
+
+He was the fourth King of Athens, the Son of Vul¬ 
+can and &Uner<va, Ericbthonius , being compounded of 
+- swo Greek Words, which fignify Conteji and Earth, inftead 
+faying, he had been fo called from the Difpute he had 
+with his Competitor, they fabled, and Strabo fays it as 
+well as others, that he was the Son of Vulcan , and the 
+Earth, who had conceived him at the fame time, when 
+j Minerva refilled the Violence of that God; unlefs we 
+-chufc rather to fay with St. Augufiine , that this Prince 
+p a fled for the Son of Vnlcan ana Minerva, only becaufe 
+he had been expofed in a Temple confecrated to them. 
+As Erichthunius had really weak and diftorted limbs, fo 
+he invented the Ufe of Chariots, as moft of the Ancients 
+allcdge with Virgil, or at leaft, he added Wheels to a kind 
+of Drag, which Trocbillus had brought into Ufe before 
+llim ; and he made a good Ufe of this new Invention in 
+she Celebration of the Athrnaia, where he won the Prize, 
+and whereof he was the Founder, according to the tenth 
+Knocha of the Fear inn Marbles, that after his Death he 
+advanced to die C.onjt illation of a Charioteer, or 
+:r. we learn from fly git; tts. 
+
+Jmn .Ithins lafted upwards of 400 Year^ 
+
+/.... 
+
+' . » , A S ,, 4 
+
+
+it, 
+
+
+‘I,.. 
+
+
+1 1' mm 
+
+
+
+
+J ' 
+
+
+. tji .*/4 + y 
+
+
+Hi ft ory of tlxs Gods; God'defles,- iftci yy 
+
+Erich then; us, Pand: or, Erjchthsus, Cc crops hi. 
+Pare!: on II. F ^ ;/.% Tl"fe:i:, 7 <Ir:r/;/\ us, Demophoor, :■ Ox- 
+
+ivlih.?:tbcs and Codr us, who 
+
+
+C T . -•» 
+
+
+/..'V 
+
+
+Y« 
+
+
+irths, r'/yid.-s^ 
+
+devoted himfelf to his Country. 
+
+±C Who were. Contemporaries with Erishtboniui? 
+
+s'. Erichthoiius lived in the Year cf the World 24.61, 
+
+1 537*years before Chrift, to which add 1:750 makes 32S7 
+Years fince Jiis Time. His Contemporaries were Mcfs 
+the Ruler and Law-giver of the J^ss ; Pharaoh, King of 
+Eyy'pt ; Mitbraos, King of Babylon ; IMylcs, King of La- 
+tede men ; Cora a*, King of S icy on ; Dare!amis (from fialy^ft 
+King of Trey. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+■ » 
+
+FK Who was Efus, and how came he to be made a God? 
+
+.A. Efus was the great Divinity of the Gauls ; his Name 
+ir. alfo written with an Afpiration Hr/us. As the Ancients 
+give us but little Account of this God, the Learned have 
+framed feyeral Conjectures about him ; but they all agree 
+that he was the God of War. The Author of the Hiffory 
+of the Gallic Religion gives us a quite different Idea of this 
+God. He takes him to have been among that People the 
+iupreme Being, the unknown God, adding, that they 
+adored him with high Veneration ; though they had not 
+any Figure of him, unlefs he was re orefented by the Oak, 
+that Tree fo refpefled by the Druids, and in general by 
+all the Gauls. It was in Woods, continues he, and at 
+the Foot of Oaks that, they odd-red Sacrifices and sul¬ 
+ci relied their Vcrfes and Prayers to him. It is more na¬ 
+tural to believe, that die Gauls, a couragious, warlike 
+Nation, worshipped the God of Battles ; and we find 
+none among them but Efus, to whom, this Title can be 
+applied. Befidcs, is not their offering to him the Pri- 
+foriers of War, preferable to other human Vi&inis, a 
+Proof that it was to thank and pay him Homage lbr die 
+Advantages they had obtained in War. But, waving that, 
+Efus, or Mars, was one of the y re ate it Gods of the Gauls 9 
+and him they honoured with peculiar Worfhip. When 
+thev were upon die Point of giving Battle, they vowed to 
+o!iVr up to him, not only all the Spoils and Ilorfcs 
+which they fhouhl win horn tlu* Enemy, but a!fo all tha 
+Captive*' ; and nothing wa mo r e faithfully put in Kxe- 
+
+■ I • v no banner war. the Barth* 
+
+I 1.1 ■ • ’ .o i. ui all the Ilorfc., ami 
+
+
+
+^4 Hi ft ory oft the Gods, (Soddefles, &cl 
+
+♦ 
+
+gathered- into an Heap the Arms and Spoils, which they- 
+confecratei to him, and which no-body durfl touch.. - If* 
+jfny one was convifted of having applied to hi,s own 
+Ufe any Part of thofe Spoils, he was condemned.to lofe 
+his Life, and fufFer Death without Mercy. A? tQ ; the 
+Captives,; the Manner of paying their Yows,i>va&' not 
+uniform, contenting themfelvcs fometimes with ^offering 
+up the Choice of them, that, is, the young* and ; the molt 
+handfome, and killing the reft with their Arrows,. while 
+upoh other Occafions they facrihced them all, without 
+Diftin&ion of Age or Birth. 
+
+^ Who was EvanJer, and how came he to be made 
+a'God-?. 
+
+A, Evandfr was the Son of Mercury and Nfco/fra, .who, 
+for'her prophetiq Verfes, was by the Latins called. C«r- 
+mnita ;fhe was an Orcadian by Birth, had \e ft Greece fome- 
+tiine before, and planted a Colony in that Part of Italy 
+which was afterwards called the Latin Territories. That 
+Prince, who had introduced the Ufe of Letters thither, 
+which was then unknown there, had gained the Affec¬ 
+tion of the Aborigi7ies> who, without confidering him as their 
+King, obeyed him as a Man of uncommon Wifdom. 
+But nothing procured him more the Veneration of that 
+People, than the Reputation of his Mother Carmtnta % 
+Whom the Greeks named Themis t and who was looked upon 
+as a Divinity ; during her Life-time fhe was the Oracle 
+of that whole Nation, and after Death had divine Ho¬ 
+nours paid her. Erjo.ndcr y who had learned not long 
+ago from Carmen ter , that a Heroe, a Son of Jupiter , was - 
+one Day to arrive in the Country, and that his'heroijq. 
+Atchievements would raife him to divine Honours, had; 
+no fborier heard the Name of him who had flain Eacus, 
+than he was determined to be the firft who fhould dp 
+Honour to him, even in his Life-time, as a Divinity. . 
+Thus he erected .an Altar to him in kafte, and after 
+having let him know his Mother's Prediftions, .facrifi<;ed 
+to him at Hercules's Pe.fire, and with the Cdnfent of the , 
+whole Nation, that (iich a Solemnity fhould be perpe¬ 
+tuated from Year to Year, according to the Qrcciax . 
+
+which he himfelf took care to teach them H and for that 
+Office two of the moft noble Families >yere fet apart, 
+that of the Pticiant*. and that of the Pcriarzars ; the 
+*- former. 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, 'Goddefies, *•£ ?r. 75 
+
+former, according to the Roman Hiftbnans, was after¬ 
+wards entirely deitroyed, for having offered to perform 
+that Ceremony upon public Slaves, while tha^t of thie 
+Periarians , faithful to their Engagements, was ftilt/uB- 
+filling in die Time of Cicero. EvandeY, f*or ,his' Probity 
+and Wifdom, and being the Son of a God, anc£ of tlie.frq- 
+phetefs Garment a, was worfhipped ' and prayed 
+lived in the Year of the World 2707, before Jcjuf Chyijl 
+124j Years, to which add 1750 makes 304j Years finpe 
+Evandei's Time. 
+
+i?. Who were Contemporaries with Evander ? 
+
+A. Abimelecb governed the Ifraelites ; Be/us, Xing of 
+Babylon; Jafon' s Expedition with the Argonauts ; Caftor 
+and Pollux govern Lacedtmon; Plijibenes , King ofArgos-z 
+AdrdfiuSy King of Sicyon ; Priainus, King of ‘Troy • Eri-r 
+ebus, a Tyrian, King of Spain, No Poets, no Hiftorians 
+at this Time. 
+
+
+* » 
+
+i£. Who was Europa , and how came file to be made 
+a Goddefs ?• * 
+
+At Jupiter, as we read in Ovid's Met. lib. ii. and in 
+Hyginus's Tab. 178. falling in love with Europa, Daugh¬ 
+ter to Agcnor, King of Phoenicia, ordered Mercury to carry 
+her to the Sea-fhore, where that God, having transformed 
+hinlfelf into a Bull, took her upon his Back, and tranf- 
+ported her into Crete. Palepbatus, lib. de Meredibil. takes 
+the Foundation of this Fable to have been, that a Cap¬ 
+tain of Caridra, named Taurus, carried off* drat Princels, 
+after that he had taken the pity Tyre from Age nor ;• But 
+Ecbimenides, whohad wrote the Hiftory of Crete, fayy», 
+with more 1 Probability, that fome Merchants of thatlfiand 
+having arrived' upon, the Cdafts Of Phoenicia, and feen.tjie 
+young Europa, whofe Beauty {truck them, carried her 
+off for their King AJlerius ; and as their Ship bore upon 
+the Fore-cafHe a white Bull, and ‘that Ifing of Crete had 
+
+rr- v.i «r ■ * * t ‘ • J . ’ *. T• \ V ’ ‘ % 
+
+
+
+Prihcefi. -Herodotus, 'in the .'Begijanidg of Ips fdiftory, 
+agrees' I with " Ecbemcnidcs, that" it' was!. fey (ire tans : the 
+Daughter of Age nor was carried off* 5 butthenhe adds, it 
+was done by Way of 'Reprizals, the Phoenicians having 
+before bore away Io, the Daughter of Inachus. 'Be that as 
+it will, it is-certain, from the Teftimony of all Antiquity, 
+
+E z 
+
+
+
+y6 Tlijlory of the Gods* GoddefTes^ £s?V. 
+
+that Europa was conveyed from Pbasnicia into Crete 
+where fhe arrived by the Mouth of the River Lttbe, which • 
+ran by Gortina, as we learn from Solinus. Diodorus al¬ 
+ledges, that Aftcrius being too young, when Europa arrived 
+in the Ifland of Crete , fhe had firft by Taurus, Minos , 
+Sarpcdine and Radamantbus, and that AJierim , having mar¬ 
+ried her afterwards, and not being able to get Children, 
+Itad adopted them j whereas, others contend they were 
+his own Off-fpring. Europe, having brought forth the 
+three Princes now named, gained the Efteem and Regard 
+of all the Cretans , who worshipped her after her Death as 
+a Divinity. They even inftituted a Fcall to her Honour, 
+which Hefychius, after fome Authors, names Hellotia. 
+Europa lived in the Year of the World 25 11» before our 
+blefled Lord Chrift 1489 Years, to which add 1750 ■ 
+mak.es 3239 Years fince her Time. 
+
+4 ^ Who were Contemporaries with Europa ? 
+
+A. Otbniel , Caleb's Son-in-law, ruled the T/m elites ; 
+Amenophis , King of Egypt ; P any as, Kin^ of Babylon ; 
+Euretas. King of Laccdemon ; Lynceus, King of Argos ; 
+Epopcus, King of S icy on ; Ericbtbonius, King of Troy 5 - 
+yupiter. King of Crete ; Chiron the fifth Son of Saturn, 
+an excellent Phyfidan; he taught AEfculap.us Phyfic, Apollo 
+Mufic, Hercules Allronomy, and was Tutor to Achilles . 
+No Poets, no Hiilorians at this Time. 
+
+
+You often fpeak of Fables in the Lives of the Gods 
+and Goddcjjcs, how many Sorts of Fables are there ? 
+
+A. 1 hnd among the Poets fix Kinds of Fables Hijhri- 
+cal, Pbilo/opbical, siilegorical. Moral , Telixed, or invented 
+merely for the Sake of the Fable. 
+
+The fir ft ' are ancient Hiftories, mixed with feveral 
+Fictions ; fueh- are thofe which fpeak of Hercules , Jafon 3 
+&c. Inftead of telling us the fimple Way, that the latter 
+went to recover the Treafures which Pbrixus had carried 
+to Colchis, they gave us the Fable of the Goldai Fleece . 
+
+The philofophical Fable6 are thofe which the Ancients 
+invented,. .as apt Parables to wrap up rite Myfteries of 
+their Philofophy as when the Ocean is faid to be the 
+Father of the Rivers ; the Moon to have married the Air, 
+and became the Mother of the Dew. * 
+
+The Allegorical were likewife Parables, where fome 
+in y ft i cal Sen.iv lay concealed, as that pf Plato about 
+
+Fetus 
+
+
+
+llifeory of the Gods, GodddTes, &c. yy 
+
+■ ^ 
+
+Perus and Penia, or Riches and Poverty, whole OfF- 
+fpring v/as Pleafiire. 
+
+The moral- Fables are thofc they have contrived for 
+the Conveyance of fame Precepts of Morality, as that 
+which tells Jupiter fends the Stars upon, this Earth in the 
+Day-time, to take Notice of the Actions of Men : So the 
+Fables of AEfop, and in general all Apologues. 
+
+There are mixed Fables, which are made up of Alls* 
+gory and Morality, but have nothing hiftorical, fuch is 
+the Fable of Ati , related by Homer , Iliad 19. Ati, ac¬ 
+cording to this Poet, was Jupiter's Daughter 5 her Name 
+marks her Chara&er and her Inclinations • accordingly 
+jfhe thought of nothing but doing Mifehief. Odious as 
+fne was. to Gods and Men, Jupiter feized her by .the 
+Hair of tire Head, and threw her down headlong from 
+the Height of Heaven, whither he made an Oath fhe 
+Ihould never enter more. -It is eafy to fee the Poet under 
+this Fable defigned to reprefent the Pronenefs we have 
+to Evil, or Evil itfelf, under an allegorical Figure ; for, 
+having deferibed this mifehievous Imp, who, according to 
+him, traverfes the whole Earth with an incredible Ce¬ 
+lerity, doing all the Mifchief in her Power, he adds, that 
+her Sifters, likewife Jupiter s Daughters, whom he calls 
+*»rai. Prayers^ come always after her to repair, as far as 
+lies in their Power, the Evil done by her ; but, being 
+lame, they move far flower than their Sifter; as much as to 
+fay. Men are always more forward to fin, and more in 
+earneft than they exercife Repentance, and make Re¬ 
+paration. 
+
+The Fables, invented merely for the Sake of Fable, have 
+no other End, but to divert, as that o t Pfycke Plant. Pro/, 
+di Rue!, and what we call the M Ujuin Tales, and thofe 
+of the Sybarites. Fables of the hiftorical Kind are eafily 
+dilUnguiftied, becaufe Mention is made in them of Peo¬ 
+ple we knew elfewhere ; fuch as are compofed for Amufe- 
+meht:are likewife eafily to be difeoverea, by the ridicu¬ 
+lous Stories they tell of unknown Perfons. The Senfe of 
+the moral and allegorical Fables Is obvious : as for the 
+philofophical ones, they are full of Profopopceias that 
+animate Nature ; there Earth ’and Air are hid under'the 
+borrowed Names, of Jupiter and June. 
+
+Generally fpcaking,.there are very few Fables in the 
+ancient Poets,* but contain fome Paffages oFHiftory; it is 
+
+E 3 only 
+
+
+
+,78 Hiftory of the Gods, GoddelTes, &x. 
+
+only they that came after that have added to them Clr- 
+cumfiances of pure Invention. When Homer4 for Ex¬ 
+ample, fays, Odyf. lib. x. JEoivs gave Ulyffcs the Winds 
+fhut up in a Bag, whence hi3 Companions let them out; 
+this is a covered Piece of H-iftory• which informs us that 
+this Prince foretold UlyJJtSj what Wind was' to blow for 
+feme Days, and that the Shipwreck that he {uttered* was 
+owing entirely to his negle&ing to follow his Counfel. 
+But when Virgil JEn. lib. 1. adds, that the fame AEdus, 
+at 7 ^o’s Requefl, raifed a terrible Storm, which drove 
+^Eneas 's .Fleet upon the Coaft of Africa , it is a- mere 
+-Fable founded upon the Opinion of jEoIus* being God 
+of the Winds. Thofe Fables too, which we have called 
+philo fop hi cal, were at firft hiftorical, and it was after 
+their Invention they were joined with the Idea of 
+natural Things : Hence thofe mixed Fables, if we may 
+fo call them, comprehending like that of Myrrha arid 
+Lucothei , changed into the Tree that bears Frankincenfe, 
+and that of Clythia into the Heliotrope. Ati fignifies hurt¬ 
+ful , for which Caufe fhe was made the Goddefs of Re- 
+
+•vt Kge.. 
+
+. • • ' ' • • 
+
+ij. Who was Tabullnus , .and how came he to be madra 
+,God ? ’ '* ‘y 
+
+A. Fub-ulinui was the God who taught Children to 
+fpeak ; I told you, that when a Woman was in Labour of 
+Child-bearing, they invoked Lucina and Juno Pronvbatkz 
+Goddefs of Marriage. * When‘a Child was laid down on 
+the Ground, they recommended him to.the’Gods Pehwti- 
+nus and Pit ut.t.us for fear too that the God • Sifoands 
+fhould do him Harm, there were three : other Deities who 
+watched at the Gates, Intcrcidc, Pilumnus and De^erra. 
+For we mull know, that at the Nativity of a Child, they 
+knocked at the Gate fir ft with an Ax, then with a* Wal¬ 
+let, and Iaft of all they fwept the Porch, beIieVing ; that 
+Silnjanusy feeing thofe three Signs, durft not attempt to 
+harm the Children, whom he : thus judges to be under 
+the Protection of thefe three Divinities. ' 'Sfatilimtsfrz- 
+iided ovef Children’s Education ;' : kept T dway 
+
+from them frightful terrifying Objects 7 Non din a prdtded 
+over the Names given them ; Macrobius Saf. ISbi 1 . c - 16 . 
+fays, the Males were purified, and got a ! 'Name the 
+ninth Day after their Birth, and the Females oit the 
+
+eighth 
+
+
+
+tftfiory of the Gods* Goddefies, y<y 
+
+eighth Day. Cumin a had the Charge of the Cradle. Ru - 
+mia , preferred the Milk of the Mother^ Big-bellied 
+Womeit, or in Child r bed, invoked the Bona £)ca, 'jiii;c 3 
+LuCzna j Hecate , So/pita, Mena , the Nix it Dei , Inter ci Hone , 
+Mater ' Maiuta 9 . I) tv err a, Egeria , F/uoniaPcrtnhda, 
+PYcor/a, P.ofin* erf a. Rum ilia. For Children they invoked 
+'the Goddefs Nafcio or Natio, Opis, Rumtno, Potina, >Cu- 
+tiituij’ Lev aha 9 Pa-vcntia,. Ccunea, Edufa , Off la go, Strtti- 
+liuus, Va git an us, Fabulinus, Juventa, Nondina, Qebcna j 
+
+this lafl: Goddefs was for Orphans, or to comfort Fathers 
+and Mothers for the Lofs ot their Children. There was 
+no Crime but had a Patron God. The Adulterers owned 
+yupiter i the Ladies of Gallantry, Venus ; Jealous Wives, 
+Juno and the Pick-pockets, Mercury , and the Goddefs 
+La*vet‘na. Thefewere not all, there wercDeftinies to over¬ 
+rule every Action in Life. Over Marriage prefided June, 
+Hymeneus, Fhalaffius, Luc in a, Jugatinus, Ootnidueous , and 
+feverai others, whofe infamous Occupations are enough 
+to put every virtuous Perfon to die Blulh. 
+
+♦ 1 
+Q. How came Fame to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Among the Divinities Fame had alfo her Place t 
+FUf\o.d % \ who . gives a Dcfcription .of her, has however 
+omitted her Genealogy. But is is certain, that fhe wis 
+reckoned a Divinity,. and that flic had an eftabliflied 
+Wprfhip, cfpecially at Athens, as wc learn from Paufi i- 
+niaSj in his Attics, and a Temple, as Plutarch tell '.us, 
+
+. in the Life of Cam ill us. .No Figures can have a ftrOnger 
+Imprefiion,*or greater Likenefs to this Goddefs, than, is 
+exhibited in that fine Pi&ure of her drawn by Virgil, 
+JEneid iv. 259. The Tranflarion of which by .Pitt'si l 
+
+fhall. give my Readers. . ,;.w 
+
+4 1 
+
+. • - . • 1 
+
+■ Now Fame, , tremendous Feind ! without Delay 
+, Thro’ Lybian Cities took her rapid Way. a 
+
+Fame y the fwift Plague, tliat ev’ry Moment growj* 
+..And, gains new Strength and Vigour as ; £hegQes.. i.\rl 
+firft, fmall with Fear,, fhe fwells.to wondrous-Sk** i J .s 
+/ ; . And; f&lk$ on Earth, and towers above .the Skies,. .-;. ^ 
+
+- i Whpm, in, her Wrath to Heav’n the* teemicgrEanh i; . ; -- 
+Produc’d the laft of her gigantic Birth,. V•.: -V • ; : ) • •. 
+A Moufler jiuge and dreadful in the Eye, : 
+
+. - With rapid. Feet to run, or ings.to fly^ . ». 
+
+E 4 Beneath 
+
+
+'• • * 
+
+
+
+8o Hiftcry of the Gods, God defies, &c. 
+
+Beneath her Plumes the various Fury bears 
+A thouTand piercing Eyes and Iift’ning Ears, l 
+
+And with a thoufand Mouths and babbling Tongues t 
+
+appears. , .- J 
+
+Thundering by Night thro' Heav’n and Earth fhe flys, 
+No golden Slumbers feal her watchful Eyes : * . *. 
+
+On Tow’rs or Battlements fhe fits by Day, 
+
+And fhakes whole Towns with Teijor and Difmay, • 
+Alarms the World around, and perch’d on high. 
+Reports a Truth, or pubiifhes a Lie, &V. 
+
+Or.-id gives alfo a very finePidlure of the fame Goddefs, 
+and feme other Poets have likewife exercifcd their poeti¬ 
+cal Genius upon the fame Subject. What we may infer 
+from all thefe is, that.rl.jB7r, like all the Giants, was.the 
+Daughter of the Earth, who, to be avenged of the Gods, 
+and of Jupiter in particular, who had thunderftruck her 
+Children, brought forth this Monitor to blaze abroad 
+t’n-ir C. irr.es, and make them known to all the World : 
+For Fuat. .’pares neither Gods nor Men. 
+
+¥ 
+
+How came Faith to be made a Goddefs. ? 
+
+A. Faith , that is. Fidelity, (for thus we are to under-' 
+Hand die Word Files, the Pag cits not having the fame 
+Idea of it with us) was alfo a Divinity among the Raman; 
+confequently it is obvious, that fhe prufided over Since¬ 
+rity in Commerce, and Truth in Promifcs. It was by 
+her, in fhort, that Security was given again!! Deceit and 
+Falfhood, fince fhe was taken to witnefs their Engage¬ 
+ments, and the Oath made in her Name, or that of 
+Jupiter Fidius, who was the fame, was of all Oaths the 
+moft inviolable. Nothing in Nature was more facred 
+than this Fidelity, as having for its Foundation Religion 
+itfelf; take away, fays Cicero.'(in his Offices y Book‘jii.) 
+the Reverence that is due to the Gods, and Faith is at an 
+End, pietate a dot erf us Decs fublata fidem to/li. The Temple 
+of Faith erected by Galatius, was in the Capitol, near 
+that of Jupiter. Feftus, upon the Authority of Azat hocks, 
+fays, that AFneas, upon his Arrival in Italy, alfo confe- 
+crated one to the fame Goddefs; but, I am of Opinion, 
+that we ought to adhere to Diony/tus Haltcarnajjuts and 
+Plutarch , who make the fir ft of all to have beenbuif^ by 
+
+-Kama Pomfi lists . That fame Prince had likewife ordered 
+
+the 
+
+
+
+► * 
+
+
+Hijiory cf the G ods, Goddeffes, £i 
+
+# 
+
+tlie Priefts, whom he fet over the Worfhip of this Goddefs, 
+to wear white Veftments when they offered Sacrifices to 
+her. The Antiquaries are of Opinion, that a Figure, 
+where two Women are joining Hands, reprefents this 
+Goddefs, which is • not improbable, fince in this manner 
+mutual Faith is ufually plighted. What induced Nun a. 
+PompHius to make Faith one of the Roman Divinitifes is 
+thus related by Vionyjius HaliearnaJJus , Book ii. In or¬ 
+der, fays he, to engage his People to mutual Fidility and 
+Truth in their Contrails with one another, he had Re- 
+courfe to another Method which the moft celebrated Le- 
+giflators had contrived. He remarked, that the public 
+Contra&s, and thofe made before WitnefTes, were pretty 
+regulary obferved, and that few who contrafted in that 
+manner were found to violate their Promifes, becaufe 
+Men naturally have a Regard to thofe in whofe Prefence 
+they have come under Engagements. He obferved on 
+
+the other Side, that thefe Sorts of Contra&s and Treaties 
+
+« 9 * 
+
+that were made without WitnefTes, and depended merely 
+upon the Honefly of the Parties contra&ing, were ftill 
+more inviolable than the former ; whence he concluded, 
+that by deifying Faith he would make thofe Sorts of 
+Contracts ftill more binding. Befides, it appeared to 
+him unreafonable, that while divine Honours were paid 
+to JuJiice , to Fhemis and Ncmef.s , and fuch like Divinities, 
+Faith alone, the moft facred Thing in the World, and, 
+at the fame time the moft worthy of Veneration among 
+Men, fhould be honoured neither in public nor private. 
+Big with fo laudable a Defign, he was the firll who built 
+a Temple to public Faith , and inftituted Sacrifices, where¬ 
+of he would have the Charges to be defrayed, by t hp 
+Public, as was done with refpe& to feveral other Gods>, 
+in hopes, that the Veneration of fo fundamental a Virtue, 
+which, he propagated through die City in general, would, 
+infenfibly communicate itfelFto each Individual. 
+
+
+^ r * 
+
+* . # • * 
+
+P.- How tame Faunas and Fauna to be made, a God 
+and ‘Goddefs v ? : \ '' ; ,A \I 
+
+
+Wifddm,'' which probably made it fo be given out thaf he 
+waff the Sbn o f Mari, ‘ Lq&aniius. informs us, tha$ he vyas 
+
+Vfyy religious'. 'jSufilius is’of the fame Mind, when "he 
+
+E 5 places. 
+
+
+
+§2 fflftory of tbs Gods, Goddefies, £?V. 
+
+
+
+was reprefented with the Equipage of the Satyrs.' It was 
+even aliened, that he delivered Oracles; but this. Fable 
+is founded upon the Etymology of his^Name for 
+uetn in Creek, and Far: in Latin % where it is compound¬ 
+ed, fignify to /peak ; and it was,, perhaps^, fpr t^e ^mp 
+Reafbn, that they called his Wife Fauna , as'you jyduld 
+fay Fan die a, Propbetefs . She was a Perfon of great Cha¬ 
+ff ity, as we learn from Varro, and La&anii'us , who copied 
+him, fays, fhe carried Modefty ahdReferve fo far, .that 
+ihe never would fee another Man but her ownHufeanq. 
+She was wont to make Precisions to the Womerij' as 
+Faunas did to the Men. So many good.Qualities or Qua¬ 
+lifications railed her after Death to divine Honours, and 
+fhe was called the good Goddefs. The Women offered Sa¬ 
+crifices to her in Places where no Accefs was permitted to 
+the Men. Faunas lived while Pandion reigned at Athens* 
+about 1300 Years before the Chriftian. JEra, or about 
+1 20 Years before the Trojan War, to which add 1750 
+make 2050 Years fince Faunus's Time. 
+
+All that we know of the Goddefs Favour is, that Apelles 
+had drawn an excellent Picture of her. 
+
+
+Ff How came Felicity to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. It was very late before the Romans raifed Felicity to 
+the Rank of their Divinities. It was actually about fix 
+hundred Years after the Building of Rome, that Luce i/us, 
+upon his Return from the War with Methridates and 
+T.granes, built a Temple to her. Pliny , Book xxxy. 
+th. ’12. adds, that this General enjoined the Statuary 
+Archsjilanus to make the Statue of that Goddefs, and. this 
+is' almofl all that we know about her. Both the General 
+and'Statuary died before the Work was finilhed. 
+
+
+Hqw came Feronia to be made a Goddefs l , . . , 
+
+A. Feronia, which Name comes from the. Verfyj'^, 
+.to bring forthj or/: romthe Tow } n Feronia, near.^qunt 
+* Sorjcle, 'was,''according * to Serwius, thePatranefg.jOf* } £u- 
+francKifed Slaves,- who had a great many .Offerings pre- 
+fen ted to" her,' this Goddefs being in high yerme ration 
+through. all Italy/ . The Grammarian now 3 quoted will 
+
+' : ‘ • '** ’ ; ' have 
+
+
+
+>r i - - - 
+
+
+Irettii ' a^cp^ed .'l*. S 
+
+apfaropnated, lo this Goddefs. tfe; "(&& V F. .'.jhc 
+WoQds.ahcf brcharJs j fte had a Temple.at tha.Foat of 
+
+n ° w mentioned, where .an.;. aaaujoTfc^ 
+offered, to her, and they tell qs, £ was, iuchyas 
+were^ Filed .with tho Spirit of this Goddefi,. that walked 
+
+^^fJx°£A. ?P°? Coats without being burnt, .QcOjfFering 
+3*9 i “ h is Book ?• Satyr v,.n;endons. the.Hoxnkge 
+
+
+Which flowed near the Temple. 
+
+
+3 Y$fhing the Face qnd 
+
+i die facred Fountain 
+
+
+_ * - 
+
+Ora manafque tud la'vimus > .Feronia > lymph a./* , . 
+
+• < j * 
+
+/How came Fire to be worlhipped ?. .. v . £ 
+
+A. It is agreed that the Worfhip of the Goddefe Vejla, 
+or of Fire, was brought into Italy .by Uncos and the other 
+Trojans who landed there ; but the Phrygians themfelvca 
+had received it from the Eaftern Nations. The Chaldeans 
+had a high Veneration for the Fire, which they, accounted 
+a Divinity. There was in the Province of Babylon, . a City 
+confecrated to this Wage, which was called the City of 
+Ur 9 or of Fire. The Per/s arts were yet more fuperftkious 
+in this refpedt than the Chaldeans : They had ..Temples 
+which they called Pyr<ea, Fire-temples , let apart folely 
+for the Prefervation of the facred Fire. It was npt only 
+in Temples and in the Pyr&a that the facred. Fire was 
+preferred, fince every private Perfon was obliged to mam- 
+tain it at the Gate of his Houfe ; and hence, if we tnay 
+believe Ovid* Fa/ 1 . 1. 6. came the Name of VejHble. 
+F\ r &l gives us to underftand, that Eneas, before : heleft 
+liis Father’s Palace, had removed the Fire from the facred 
+Hearth, A 2 n. B. ii. That the Name of Vefta fyriony- 
+mous with that of Fire, called by the Greeksjijla, by the 
+CfSifft*** ancient Perjians, Avefla. The Perjians 
+
+Belieycd the Fire to be a God, and that their R£afon 
+ibr -hot bulging of the Dead, was, that they would ha£e 
+thoughtrthemfelves guilty of Sacrilege, if a.dead.Body, 
+had -bieen confumed by a God. They adored Nature in 
+her various Scenes, and over, each Part of her a Divinity 
+- was made to prefide. They worfhipped the Earth under 
+
+- ' * E6 , the 
+
+
+84 Hiftory of the G ods, GoddefTes, Cshi 
+
+the Name® of-Rhea, Tellus, Ops, Cibelc, Pr.oferpina, Mafat 
+Flora, Faunas, Pales, and Vertumnu-s }; the Fire: under 
+thofe of Vulcan and Vejla ; the Water of. the Sea and'Ri¬ 
+vers, under thofe of Occanus , Neptune, Ner*vus, * the Ne¬ 
+reides, Nymphs , and Naiades ; the Air and Winds,' under 
+the Name of Jupiter and AEolus ; the Sun under thofe of 
+Apollo, Titan, Ofiris, &c. The Moon under thofe of 
+Diana, IJts, &C.- Bacchus was the God of Wine, Ceres , 
+the Goddefs of Corn ; every River and Fountain had its 
+tutelar Deity ; Hell , its Pluto ; the Sea, Neptune and Tc- 
+thys; the Woods and Mountains their Nymphs and Sa- 
+tyrs. ■ 
+
+In a word. They worfhipped the Fire as the Deputy of 
+the Sun upon Earth, becaufe it had thefe Properties of 
+the Sun* Heat and Light, it Iheltered them againft the 
+Rigour of the Cold ; boiled, broiled, and roafted their 
+hdeat. Drink, and Bread, by which they were fed and 
+nourilhed. 
+
+What is meant by the Gcldcn Fleece fo much talked 
+of by the Hiftorians and Poets ? 
+
+A. The ancient Hiftory of Greece fets before us few 
+Subjefts fo celebrated as the Conqueft of the Golden 
+Fleece ; but, at the fame Time, there is none that abounds 
+more in Fiftions. Before I can give an Anfwer to this 
+Queftion, I mull premife fomething of JeJott, and his 
+Expedition to Colchis . Jufin -was the Son of JEfosi, King 
+of TbeJJ'aly, and Po'ytnclc, Or, as others, Alcmcdc . Atha- 
+■snas, the Son of Eo/us, the Grand-fon of Hellen, and 
+Great-grand-fon of Deucalion, was King of Thebss in 
+Bceotic, or of Ore ho menus, according 'to Paitfavias* This 
+Prince had two Wives ; /no, the Daughter of Cadmus, 
+whom he divorced fome time after to marry Nephelc, b.y 
+whom he had Phryxus and He lie. This is the Name which 
+Sophocles gives to At ha mas's fecond Wife, whom Pindar 
+calls Dc7nctice ; and Pherectdes, Thcmijlo : As.fhe was fub- 
+jeft to certain Fits of Madnefs,he was. very foon . dif- 
+
+f uRed at her, and took back Inc, who bore, him two 
+ons, Loarchus and Milcccjia . Ino, whoj*then gained 
+. greatly the Afcendant over her Hulband, had a mortal 
+Averlion to the Children of her Rival, who, being the 
+el deft, were to fucceed their Father, to the Exclusion of 
+her's; fo that £he fought all Means to . deftroy' theih. 
+
+Phryxus, 
+
+V 
+
+o - 
+
+
+
+Hijtory tif the Gods, Gbdde3es, : &5V; &§ 
+
+Tbryxsii, apprized of-ieoV Defigriby his Govemb^ if \V,j 
+may believe Dtddorus Si otitis, or'by One of th^Pnefls of 
+the. Oracle, who, ■ according to Herodotus , made, 1 theDif- 
+cbvery;: fitted out a Ship fecretly ; and," havifig’ carried 
+off a Part of- His Father's- Treafures, embarked • with hi* 
+Sifter He lit to feek a fecure Retreat at the Court oi^Etei, 
+his Kinfman, who reigned in Colchis. 1 The young Helle 
+fell into the Sea, and was drowned in that Part of tie 
+Archipelago , which from that was called the Helitfpoxt, or 
+the Sea of Helle- *• Phryxus arrived happily ac Colchis % 
+where AEtcs gave him a kind Reception, and feme time 
+after bellowed upon him his Daughter Calciope in Mar¬ 
+riage. Phryxus and Calciope were very happy ; and 
+he had by her four Sons, Argos , Ph'rontis , Me las and 
+Clyndus ; fee Diodorus . But JEtes y who coveted theTrea,- 
+fures of his Son-in-law, put him to Death ; and Calciope 
+to fave her Children from the bloody Hands of their 
+Grand-father, who undoubtedly would not have ’ipared 
+them, put them fecretly a Ship-board, to tranfport them 
+to Greece; having got an Account that75*0 wis dead, .and 
+of Conference no more in the Way to perfecute them. 
+
+Diomcdcs * this was Jajon 's firft Name': Pelias , the\Re- 
+lation of Athamas , governed a Part of 'ThcJJdly, knowing 
+that Jo/on had a better Title to the Crown than him fell, 
+offered an Opportunity of gratifying his Ambition; told 
+him, that the unfortunate Phryxus, their common Relation, 
+defeended with them from Eo/us>. had been affaflinafed at 
+Colchis ; and that his Ghoft had appeared to him, charging 
+him to revenge his Death, and to fave his Children, wKo 
+wtre every Day expofed to the infatiable Avarice of the 
+Tyrant AEtes , who detained them at his Court.' He 
+added, that he was very ready to refign to him a Crown 
+to which he had a legal Title; but that as a. Duty of 
+Religion bound him to the Expedition to Colchis , which 
+he was not in a Condition to undertake himfelf, he hoped 
+he would not refufe to difeharge it for him, and give Satif- 
+fa&ion to the injured Manes of a Relation, who called a- 
+loud for Revenge. This Propofal was highly grateful h> 
+Jafon, who,having withdrawn to confer with his Father and 
+' Uncles, they refolved unanimoufly to publilh thcir Defign 
+through all Greece , to' invite the Youth to join with Tiiin 
+in fo glorious' and advantageous an Expedition. While 
+the Choice of the Grecian Youth- were• afemblir.g in TEcf- 
+
+fih '> 
+
+
+
+85 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, &ci 
+
+i - ‘ ' m m r 
+
+faly ; all who were moft diftinguifhcd in Creech at that 
+Time,-both for their Valour and their Birth* and whereof 
+the molt Part were Jafon* s Relations ; becaufe, at that 
+Time, almoft all Greece , except a Part of the Peloponne - 
+fus, was peopled by Deucalion ‘a Defendants, from whom 
+he derived bis Original. 
+
+• The Ship built for this Expedition, called Argo or Ary 
+gos, was long, and near the Figure of Galleys, ’ wh£rea$ 
+thofe which the Greeks ufed before were round.' Pithy, 
+B. iii. Ch. 56. fays, Longa na*vo Jafonem primum navi- 
+gaffe, Philo Stepbanus ciutor eft. Apollonius lays, this’ Gal¬ 
+ley confifted of fifty Oars, and calls it irmTVKovrtgtiv vavv. 
+Thus, continues our learned Author, we may conjecture 
+that it had twenty-five Oars on each Side, and fifty Cu¬ 
+bits in Length. Theocritus fays it had thirty Oars oh’ 
+oach Side, and fixty Cubits in Length. Cicero quotes 
+two Verfes, intimating, that this Ship was named Argo^ 
+merely becaufe it earned the Greeks Argivos. 
+
+Argo, quia Achiv 't in ea delefti<viri 
+
+Vcfti, petebant pellem inauratam arijiis . 
+
+There were fifty-two Heroes, Chiefs and Captains^ who 
+embarked with Jafon , whofe Names, for Brevity’s Sake, 
+I here omit. We may compute them to be in all three 
+or four Thoufand Men in a large Fleet of Ships, whereof 
+the Argo was the Chief, and from whom all the Pafieri- 
+gers and Sailors were called Argonauts. Do we think 
+that Greece would have been at all this Charge and 
+Expence for the Golden Fleece in a literal Scnfe ? No ; 
+Phryxus had carried off with him the Treafure of Atba - 
+mas his Father, that is, all the Silver and Gold, coined 
+or uncoined, in Bars and Ingots, with the Crown, Sword, 
+and Sceptre, and Jewels and precious Stones, puts, them 
+privately aboard of a Ship, and he and his Sifter Hffle 
+let fail for Colchis , to their Kinlman jEtes the King- He 
+receives Phryxus (for, as we have faid, Helle died by the 
+Way) very gracioufly, marries him to his Daughter Gal- 
+dope , by whom he had four Sons, whom I have named ; 
+finding that Phryxus had a Defign. to take bade the Trea¬ 
+fure, with his Wife and Children, to Greece, he killed 
+the Son-in-law. The Mother to fave the Children froin 
+the Cruelty of their Grand-father, having heard that Tno 
+was dead, (hipped them off for Greece* Jafcn and his 
+
+
+
+WJtory of the Gods, Goddeffes, 
+
+* i 
+
+Fleet meeting the Ship at Sea, carries them back to Cot- 
+Ms, where Jafon acquaints . 2 betes of his Co mmiffi m j 
+thereafter lie vinted Calc z ope. , the Widow of Pbryxus ; told 
+her, that he had brought back her Children, and would 
+take Care, of them:. She made him acquainted with Me¬ 
+dea her Sifter, who refided as Governefs of the Tower 
+where, the Treafure was : Medea 9 feeing Jafon a hand- 
+fome, beautiful, eloquent, warlike, heroic Prince, fell ia 
+Xove with him. After this Jafon found a Way to con¬ 
+quer the Dragons which voxnitted Fire, and the fubduing 
+the Brazen-footed Bulls, which were the Conditions 
+upon the performing of which Tbetes promifed him the 
+Treafures called the Golden Fleece . So all this Fable turns 
+out to be nothing but a falfe Key, which Medea gave Ja- 
+fon to carry off her Father’s Treafures, which a good 
+Wall, with double Gates of Brafs, upon which the Figures 
+of Dragons and Bulls was either molded or carved, and 
+rendered inaccefhble. Jafon by Night carried off the 
+Treafures, put them, aboard of his Fleet, and he and 
+Medea fet fail for Greece. JEtes fitted out a Fleet; but, 
+before they could provide the Ships, Victual and Man 
+them, Jafon' s Fleet, was out of their Reach. Some Au¬ 
+thors fay, that JEtes' s Fleet engaged that of Jafon s, and 
+that Jafon'' s beat them : If that had been true, fome of 
+Jafon's Fleet would have been funk, and of Confequence 
+fome of the Treafures loft ; but his Fleet came all fafg 
+home with the Treafures: 
+
+Jews, Turks, and Chriftians, federal Tenets bold\. 
+
+Yet, all One God acknowledge , that is , Gold. 
+
+.This is .only meant of the Avaritious and Covetous; 
+Though we have now neither the Poem of the true Or- 
+pheus , nor that of Epimonidcs of Crete, who, according tb 
+Diogenes Laertius, wrote a .Poem upon this Expedition to¬ 
+wards the forty r feventh Olympiad, about 600 Years be¬ 
+fore the Chriftian iEra, to which add 1749, makes 2349 
+Years fince. Nor yet the Work of Farr0, who, as we 
+learn from Probus, in his Commentary upon VirgiP s Georf 
+. gicks, left four Books upon the fame Subjett; yet we ate 
+. not, quite deftitute of Helps. Among the Hiftorians, 
+Diodorus Siculus, Jpollodorus, ^Straho, Trogus , Pcntpeius > 
+
+are tbofe who wrote upon it at the greateft Length. 
+
+& W &9 
+
+
+
+88* Hijlory of the Gods,, Goddefles, : 
+
+* ^ 
+
+/ * 
+
+♦ * • 
+
+Who was i%r*, and how came fhe to be made 
+a Goddefs? 
+
+A, Ladantius fays. Flora >vas a ProfUtute, who, have- 
+ing gained much Subftance, made the Roman People her 
+Heirs, and left a confiderable Sum for celebrating every 
+Year the Day of her Nativity, by a folemn Feftivai>. and 
+Games, called from. her Name Floralia. But, continues 
+that learned Father, the Shame both of the Inheritance, 
+and of fuch a FefUval, inclined the Senate to put that 
+Courtezan into the Number of the Gods, and to feign 
+that fhe was the Goddefs of Flowers. Ovid, in his Book 
+of Fafisy to give an Air of Truth to this Fable, fays Flora 
+was a Nymph called Cbloris, who, being married to the 
+Zephyr, received from her Spoufe the Dominion over 
+all the Flowers. Acca Laurentir , having married Tartu- 
+tins, a Man of Wealth, he left her his immenfe Riches. 
+She encreafed them Hill more by the infamous Trade fhe 
+carried on for feveral Years ; and, when fhe faw herfeif 
+at the Point of Death, fhe named the Roman Senate her 
+Heir. Her Name was inrolled in the Calendar, and 
+Feafts jvere inftituted to her Honour. As the Name ,of 
+Laurentia ilill kept up the Remembrance of her infamous 
+Trade, it was changed to that of Flora ; But this Change 
+however did not abolifh the Memory of her Debauche¬ 
+ries ; great Care was even taken to renew the Floral 
+Games, where were committed a Thoufand Ads of Ob- 
+feenity, fuitable to the Goddefs in whofe Honour they 
+were inflituted. 
+
+«*« ♦ 
+
+• • * • • ♦ • 
+
+* What fay you of Fortune , and how came fhe to be 
+made a Goddefs ?. 
+
+• * _ ' 
+
+A. As Men have always highly valued earthly Goods, it 
+is no Wonder that they adore &■ Fortune : Fools!. who .thus 
+inftead of acknowledging an intelligent Proridence, that 
+diftributes Riches, and other Goods, from Views always 
+wife, 1 though dark, and placed beyond the Reach of hu¬ 
+man Difcovery, addrefTed their Vows to" an' imaginary 
+Being, that aded without Defign, and from the Impulie 
+of unavoidable Neceffity: For it is ‘‘ beyond (Jiieftjon, 
+'• that, * in the Pagan Syftem, Fortune was nothing elfe but 
+Deftihy. Accordingly fhe was confounded*, as I fhalt 
+•/hew afterwards, with the Pa/u 7, who were themfelves 
+
+that 
+
+
+
+Hi ft my of the Gods, Goddefies, S§- 
+
+that fatal Necefiity which the Poets have reafoned fo. 
+much about. It is true, ChrilHans fometiines fpeak. oF 
+fortune after the Manner of the Pagans themfelves, to 
+facrifce to. Fortune, to expert ail from Fortune, to be demo¬ 
+ted to Fortune, £ 3 V._ But.when the/ reflect and confider 
+the Meaning of thefe vulgar Expreflions, they refer it to 
+a Divine Providence. It is certaip drat file was in¬ 
+voked from the earlieft Times, iince the firft Time that 
+the .Holy Scriptures mentions ,the Gods of the Pagans, 
+it fpeaks of Gad, invoked by Leah; and this God St. Au- 
+gujtine takes to have been Fortune . The Greeks ere£ted 
+unto her, in After-times, feveral Temples; and thofe of 
+Corinth gave her the Surname 'of Acofa, becaufe fhe had 
+one in their Cittadels. This Goddefs had aifo a Chapel 
+at Egira, with a Statue, having belide it a winged Cupid.\ 
+probably .to fignify that in Love Fortune has a greater In¬ 
+fluence- than Beauty. In that of Elis fhe had in her Hand 
+the Cornucopia; but the moll fuitable Symbol was that 
+which the Bcetians had given her, having reprefented her 
+in a Temple of theirs, holding P/situs in her Arms under 
+the Form of an Infant; and this, fays Paufanias, is an 
+ingenious enough. Notion, to put the God of Riches in 
+the Hands of Fortune, as if fhe had been his Nurfe and 
+his Mother. In general, almoft all Men are Votaries to 
+Fortune; and although they do not always offer Victims 
+to her, yet they but too often facrifice to her their Ho¬ 
+nour and Probity. The Romans had much the fame Sen¬ 
+timents of her that die Greeks had, fince their moft an. r 
+cient Fortune being that which was worfhipped at Antir 
+urn , and which was confounded with the Lots and Aftro r 
+logical Predictions, the Ufe whereof was fo famous in that 
+City, it is evident that they did not difbnguifh her from 
+DcjUny, or diat Fate which the Greeks called Eimarmene. 
+As the Inhabitants of Antium, now Nettano , adored at 
+the fame Time two Fortunes , called Fortune Geminer, the 
+Twits Fortunes , it is probable that thefe were goad and bad 
+
+Fortune . Suetonius calls the two Fortunes the Lots of An- 
+
+• « ♦ 4 
+
+tjtfTTii becaufe it was by the Lots, 
+
+. * * . « : 
+
+■ « « 
+
+<g_. How came FruCtuofcia to be made a Goddefs- ? 
+
+A. StcAuguJiin y in his Book of the City of God, inform? 
+Us of feveral Country Divinities; the bare naming pjf 
+fhem will be fufheient to let us know the Offices to which 
+
+they 
+
+
+
+go Hijlory. of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+they were defiined. The Romans, fays he, had a .God- 
+defs Fm&uofeia, whom they invoked to obtain a good 
+Harvefl; a God Spinafus, to pluck up die Thorns from 
+the Fields ; a Goddefs Niella, to fave the Corn from Mil¬ 
+dew : They had Profcrpine to prefide over the Budding of 
+the Corns ; a God Nodotus, for the Knots of the Stalk ; 
+the Goddefs Vclutina , for the Coat that covers the Ear; 
+Patelcna , for the Ear which. begins to open; Hoftilia , 
+when the Beard of the Ear and the Ear itfelf were of 
+an equal Lengthy Latfurtia, when the Grain was in 
+Milk ; Maturna , when it was ripe ; and Runcina , when 
+it was reaping. We may obferve, that almofl all thefe 
+Gods derived their Original from the Latins , as their 
+Names fufficiently intimate ; nor is there any Thing to be 
+found relating to them in the Writings of the Greeks* 
+
+ijj. How came Furies to be made Goddefles ? 
+
+ui. It was a general Opinion, that, after this Life; 
+there were Places allotted for the Punilhment of the 
+Wicked, and the Reward of the Good; and, no Doubt, 
+upon this Idea were formed the Elyjian Fields and'.Hr//; 
+And, as there were Judges there appointed, for render¬ 
+ing to every one the Juflice he deferred, fo the Furies 
+were imagined to be the Minifiers^ and to execute the 
+Sentences which they pafled upon the Wicked. It is like- 
+wife poilible (for, after all. Idolatry followed, true Religion 
+too near not to have preferved fome of its Truths) it is 
+poffible, I fay, that a confufed Knowledge of the Fall of 
+Angels, and their Punifhment, had given rife, to the In¬ 
+troduction of Furies , who are themfelves Devils appoint¬ 
+ed to be the Tormentors of the Guilty ; and'^this,'! ;anj. 
+apt to think, was the true Original of thefe Divinities j 
+that is what made them be invented by thofe .who em¬ 
+braced this natural Notion, that there were to be. Re¬ 
+wards and Puhifhments after this Life : For, though this 
+Truth has been disfigured, by the abfurd. Fables . that 
+have been intermixed with it, its eafy however to difUn r 
+guilh the Subfiance of the Opinion from., the Veils they 
+•were obliged to draw over it, to render it the more, fa¬ 
+miliar. If the Ancients varied as to the Original of, the 
+Furies , they have not been more unanimous as to their 
+Number : At firft it would feem they admitted only ..three 
+of .them? Tejipbone, Megera arid Ale&o ; and. thefe Najmes 
+
+whicli 
+
+♦ 
+
+i 
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+. Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefies, t£'c. 93 
+
+Which import Rage, Slaughter, En<zy, &c. were perfectly 
+applicable to • them. Aufimus makes even a Kind of 
+Axiom, 1 there are three G or gens, three Harpies , and three 
+Deft intis.' [Euripides reckons the Goddefs Eyjfa among 
+the Furies; becaufe fhe infpired Rage and Fury, whence 
+her*Name was derived. ' 'Juno, in that Poet, orders Iris 
+to condft£te her armed with Serpents to Hercules , to infufe 
+into him that Madnefs to which he owed the Lofs ofhia 
+Life; Plutarch allows but of one Fury , whom he calls 
+/ldr a ft a, the Daughter of Jupiter and Necejjity; it was 
+fhe, according to that Author, who was the foie Minifter 
+of the Vengeance of the Gods, In fine, the Goddefs 
+Nemefis or Nemefes , for they reckoned more than one of 
+them; are alfo to be taken into the Number - of the Fu¬ 
+ries. They have all their Char afters : Daughters of the 
+Night and the Ocean 5 they were appointed to examine 
+into Mens Aflions, for the Punifhment of the Bad, and 
+the Reward of the Good. The Furies were employed 
+not only in punifhing the Guilty, but alfo in chaftifing 
+Men by Difeafes, by War, and the other Strokes of Coe- 
+leftial -Wrath. Virgil however feems to have diflributed 
+thefe feveral-Functions among the' three Furies, fo that 
+Ftfephone was employed for contagions Diftempers, while 
+j 4 le£i<?& Functions particularly related to the Difbrders (if 
+War. According to this Idea, Statius has called her the 
+Mother of War,- Theb. I. 4. In fine 1 , when anyPerfon 
+Was put to Death, Mcgera was Ihe whom the Gods com¬ 
+monly made Ufe of. Goddefies fo awful commanded par¬ 
+ticular Homage. In fine, fo great was the Veneration'paid 
+td-thqm, that People durft hardly mention their Names, jar 
+call itheit*F^res upon their Temples. The Statues of' the 
+Ghddeflesi had nothing different from the other Divinities; 
+It : was the Poet JEfchiles, in one of- his Tragedies,- was 
+the firfl who reprefented diem with that hideous Air, arid 
+thofe Serpents that made-them fo dreadful^ that the firfl 
+Reprefentation of fiis Play proved fatal to many of the 
+Spectators; - The Defcriptioh of the Furies given by..this 
+Poet wfes followed, 1 -and it palled from the Theatre Co the 
+Temples: 'Henceforth'they came to be reprefented no 
+otherwife but 1 ^ith ■ a griih Afpeft, and a fngHtful Mien, 
+‘With Attire black: and bloody; -having, inftead of Hair, 
+Serpents-'wrfeathed" about-their Heads, a burning Torch 
+
+|H One Hand, and a Whip of Scorpions in die other £ 
+
+• 
+
+
+
+92 Hijiory of the Gods, Coddefies, &c. 
+
+and for their Attendants, Terror , . Rage, Palcne/s* and 
+Death . Thus feated about Pluto's Throne, whofe Mini- 
+fters they were, they waited his Orders with an Impatience 
+
+that marked out all the Furies they were poffeffcd with.- 
+
+• • • 
+
+^ What do you fay of the Divinityj of the Ganges, 
+that great River of the Eajt-Indies ? 
+
+A. If the great Ufefulnefs of Water to the Earth, in¬ 
+duced the firft Idolaters to make a Divinity of it, we may 
+fuppofe the Wonders that have been obferved in that 
+Element, did likewife contribute, not a little, to promote 
+the Superftition, God is wonderful in-the Waters, fays the 
+.Holy Scripture, and it is on this Element efpecially, 
+that he feems to have laid out a Profusion of Wonders. The 
+Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea, that periodical Motion 
+which fwells and links the Waters by Turns every fix 
+Hours, and perpetuates their Motion, whereby they are 
+preferved from Corruption, the Irregularity of this Mo¬ 
+tion, more or lefs, in the different Terms of the Moon, 
+as well as in different Seafons ; the Flux of the Euripus , 
+a narrow Sea between Bcetia and Euba , faid to ebb 
+and flow feven Times in twenty four Hours ; the Saltnefs 
+of the Sea, a fecond Source of its Incorruptability j the 
+prodigious Number and Variety of Monfters which it 
+ingenders, and the enormous Bulk of fome of its Inha¬ 
+bitants, fuch as the Whale, and fome others that far 
+furpafs the grcatc.fi: of the Land,Animals, all are wonderful, 
+all aftonilhing. The Indians we know paid high Tributes 
+to the Ganges : Their Superftion in this Refpeft continues 
+Hill, and the Princes who reign upon the - Banks of the 
+River, well know how to make Gain of .it, by making 
+their Subjects buy the PermilGon to draw Water from the 
+River, or to bathe themfelves in it. This Worfhip payed 
+to Water was not long confined to Perfta and Egypt, but 
+was very foon propagated, like the other Superftitions of 
+the oriental Nations, to the neighbouring Countries. It,is 
+well known that the Ancients offered frequent Libations .to 
+the Ocean, to the Seas and Rivers, and that, they hardly 
+ever embarked till they had firfl performed Sacrificed ;tQ 
+the Waters, and to the Divinities who prefided over the 
+fame ; of this I might quote Numbers of Examples, but 
+Ihall content myfelf with that of jafon,. who commanded 
+tijofe that went With the Ship Argos , and were called 
+
+A-go- 
+
+
+
+U$ory of the Gods, Goddeflefs* &c. 
+
+Argonauts ; when they were ready to fet fail, Jafon order¬ 
+ed a folemn Sacrifice in order to propitiate the Divinities 
+of the Sea ; every one was impatient to comply with the - 
+Commands of his Leader, they raifed an Altar upon the 
+Sea-fhore, and after the ufual Oblations, the Prieft pour¬ 
+ed out Flour, mixed with Honey and Oil, offering up 
+Oxen to the Gods, in^whofe Honour the Sacrifice was 
+performed, and prayed for their Favour and Prote&ion 
+
+in their Voyage. '* 
+
+* 
+
+♦ 
+
+Who are the Genii or Demons, and how came they 
+to be worfhipped ? 
+
+A. The Genii or Demons; thefe Spirits afiume all Sorts 
+of Forms, transform themfelves into various Shapes, and 
+imitate the Gods themfelves, the Demons and Souls de- 
+
+^ i • • 
+
+parted. Witncfs the Witch of Endor calling up Samuel id 
+Saul ; we muft not believe that it was Samuel, but the 
+Devil, or a Demon perfonating the Prophet, for they can 
+have no Power over the Souls departed, who are in a 
+Place of Happinefs. For the Genii ox Demons, are they 
+who work all Manner of Wickednefs without producing 
+any Good ; they give bad Counfels, fet themfelves in 
+Oppofition, with all their Might, to good A&ions, arid 
+bear a remarkable Hatred to virtuous Perfons ; they love (i 
+the Scent of Flefh, and of the Blood of Animals, and they 
+delight in being flattered. It muft, however, be allowed, 
+that the Philofophers did not believe the Genii or Demons 
+to be Gods ; but as Idolatry fet no Bounds to Superftition; 
+thofc fame Genii were afterwards looked upon as Divi¬ 
+nities, and had their Share in the Worfhip that was paid 
+to the Gods. • Hence the Temples, Chappels, and Altars, 
+which Antiquity informs us to have been' confecrated to 
+them: Hence 'again, thefe Infcriptions fo common';’ 
+Genio loci, Genio Augujii, Junonibus, &c. It is true, f 
+thefe Genii were reckoned in the lowcfl Clafs, and among. - 
+What’ Ovid calls Plebs Deorum , the Plebeian Gods . 
+
+But • neverthelefs, they had their Altars and Sacrifices : * 
+IsVery-Mart therefore, according to the Principles of thi^ * 
+Theology : had his particular Genius, or even two, ac¬ 
+cording^ to-Tome- Authors ; and this is what makes Pliny 
+fayy that the Number of the Gods, for he exprefsly takes 
+into the Number the Genii, and Juttdnefs, ‘who were the 
+
+■ 1 • ' Genii' 
+
+• ^ * 
+
+
+
+94 Hi ft ory of the Gods, Goddefles, £stV. 
+
+Genii of the Women, was £o great, that they were mo?$ 
+numerous than Men. 
+
+• * » 
+a 
+
+4 J. What fort of Perfons were the Giants ? 
+
+A. The Queftion about the Exiftence of the Giants ,i fa 
+often examined, would feem at hrg Sight to be no diffi¬ 
+cult Problem to refolve. All Antiquity mentions certain 
+Men of an. extraordinary Stature, who made their Ap¬ 
+pearance at fundry Times. The Scripture makes men¬ 
+tion of them more than once. The profane Hi&orians, 
+the Travellers and Poets efpecially, tell us very odd 
+•Stories upon, this Occafion : And yet when one comes to 
+-examine thefe Teflimonies impartially ; to take the Ex-; 
+-preffions in the infpired Writings in the mod. natural; 
+Signification; to reduce the Exaggerations of the.Poets 
+to a rational Meaning ; to limit the Hiftorians and.Tra-. 
+vellers to what they were either Eye-witnedes to ; or to 
+what they aflert only from irrefragable Teflimony ; in’ 
+fine, to follow the wife Conduft of Nature, almolt always 
+uniform in her Productions, all the marvellous Circum- 
+ftances that filled our Imagination before will then dis¬ 
+appear. 
+
+Authors, both ancient and modern, who have thought 
+fit to examine this Quedion, have formed very different 
+Sentiments about it from one another. Some, through 
+Excefs of Credulity, have partly adopted what the Poets, 
+
+and feveral Rabbins have delivered as to the Stature of 
+
+♦ 
+
+the Giatits ; and if they have not gone quite fo far as to 
+believe, that, upon a Time, they piled OJfa upon Pelion 
+to fcale Heaven, they have at lead granted, . that there 
+was once a Race of Men fo monilroufly tall, that they 
+many Times exceeded the Stature of ordinary. Men. ; 
+
+The Abbe dc c Iilladst, in a Diflercation, whereof wo 
+have a Copy in die fird Volume of the Memoirs of the 
+Academy of Belles Letters , Page 125, alledges, that there 
+were, not only real Giants, but alfo Nations and Cities 
+of Giants; that our fird Parents, and particularly the 
+principal Heads of Colonies mentioned in. Hrftory, were 
+real Giants , taking that Word in its drifted Senfe. . In 
+this new Scene Adam and Eve muft have been of a very 
+gigantick Size : Por, fays he, the Fathers and Mothers of 
+the Giants mult have been Giants themfelves. And, in¬ 
+deed, how can it be fuppofed, that a Mother who was 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefies, &c. gi~ 
+
+itio more than’live or fix Foot high, fhould be able to bear 
+in her Womb a Child, who, being of a Size to grow up 
+to a Giant, mull have arrived at her Dimeniions, proba¬ 
+bly, in a few Days after his Conception ? Who can be 
+perfuaded, continues he, that Noah, had he not been* 
+bigger than we, would have been capable to build the 
+Ark that faved Mankind, which could not have been, 
+capacious enough to contain all the Animals he was com¬ 
+manded to lodge in* it, unlefs we take the Cubits in 
+Scripture, that are mentioned in defcribing its Dimenfions* 
+for Cubits of Giants ? 
+
+M. He nr ion, another Academick, propofed a Scene, 
+yet more extraordinary, but nothing of it is publifhed. 
+He brought to the Academy, one Day, a kind of chro¬ 
+nological Table or Scale, with refpeft to the Difference of 
+Men’s Stature lince the Creation of the World, to the- 
+Birth of Chrift. In this Table he affigned to Adam 123 
+Feet 9 Inches in Height, and to Ewe 118 Feet o Inches 
+three fourths; whence he fixed the Proportion between 
+the Statures of Men and thofe of Women, to be as 25 to 
+24. This exorbitant Stature foon diminifhed : Noah' s 
+Height fell fhort of 4dam' s by 20 Feet, Abrahams was 
+brought down to 28 in all: Mofes had only 13, Hercules 
+10, and fo on, flill gradually dixninifhing; fo that if 
+Providence had not put a* Stop to that prodigious De- 
+creafe, hardly fhould we, at this Day, have dared to 
+rank ourfelves, at leaft, in refpeft of our bodily Dirnen- 
+fions, among the Infefts that crawl upon the Earth. 
+SeeM. Henrifon' sElogium by M. de Bcze,iom. 5 . P. 370. 
+
+Other more judicious Writers, not being able abfolutely 
+to deny there have fometim.es appeared Men, more bulky * 
+and tall than thofe with whom we are converfant. have, 
+applied themfelves.to a critical Examination of the Books 
+that fpeak of them, even thofe of the greateft Authority;: 
+and taking wich the utmoft Exadlnefs the Meafures they 
+make mention of, fuch as thofe we read of in holy Writ, 
+with refpeft ;to Og, King of Bajhan ; they have found 
+that thofe of the moft enormous Stature, did not arrive 
+at ten or twelve Feet high. Og 's Bed, concerning which 
+many Rabbins have vented fo many Extravagancies, ac¬ 
+cording to the exprefs Terms of Scripture, not exceed¬ 
+ing nine Cubits, that is to fay, thirteen Feet and an half. 
+Deuteronomy iii. 2. What Name ihall wc then give to 
+
+
+
+c>6 Hifiory #f : the Gods, God defies, iSc, 
+
+the wild' AfTertion. of one of thofe Do£bors,_ who gravely 
+alledges, that the Bone of that Giant’s -Thigh Was ; felong, 
+that a'Stag would take a whole Day to run over its -Di- 
+menlions,- as you may fee in Toft at. in Debt. after 
+
+Lyranus . The fame Rabbins makenoScruple to tell US, 
+that Giant was i ze Cubits, that is, 180 Feet high ft and 
+that they may not feem to contrndift Mofes', Who affig^Ls 
+the Dimenfions of that Prince’s 1 Bed, they tell us; Sat 
+Bed .was only his Cradle. See Tbeodorvs ' RycRtus 'Oratio 
+de Gigantibiu. But to go on methodically, I {hall firft 
+begin with the PalTages in Scripture where the Giants are 
+mentioned. That which molt favours thofe, who .nor 
+only hold their Exigence, but alfo believe there was a 
+Race of Giants, is where Mofes fays, Gen. vi. 4; There 
+were Giants in the Earth in thofe Days ; a Verfe which 
+ftands between two others, where we read of the Mar¬ 
+riages of the Sons of God, with the Daughters of Men, 
+of whom Sons were born, who are faid in the Hebrew * 
+Text to have been powerful, mighty-Men. The Septua- 
+gint has tranflated this Expreflion by that of Gi'arrcs. , 
+
+The Defcendants of Anak, who, in the facred Writings, 
+is called the Father of the Giants , were really of an ex¬ 
+traordinary Stature. We have feen what was the Height 
+of Og, King of Ba/han, whom Mofes calls the Iaft of the 
+Giants. All the Country inhabited by the Pofterity of 
+Anak, to whom the Ifraclites looked upon themfelves but 
+as Grafhoppers, was peopled by Men of a monftruous 
+Stature i Deut. xiii. 33, 34. And there we Jaw the Giants, 
+the Sons of Anaky which came of the Giants : and we, were 
+in our own Sight as Gra/hoppers, and fo we were in their 
+Sight. Their Land ‘was called, the Land of Giants, and 
+the City of Hebron , the City of Giants, where dwelt Achi- 
+77 ia 77 j Sifai, and Tbalmai , of the Race of An ah. 
+
+To thefe PafTages of Scripture, ‘may be added the Tef- 
+timonies of profane Authors, and it is fit we begin with 
+the Poets, who are of greater Antiquity, than the Hifto- 
+rians. Nothing is more celebrated in their Works than 
+the Attempts of the Giant? againft Heaven, which they 
+would needs fcale by piling the high Mountains of The /- 
+faly above one another. It is needlefs to quote them all, 
+fince they only copy one another: I fhall only obferve, 
+that they give very odd Defcriptions of the Giants. See 
+Hejiod Theogony, Ovids Met. Virgil, &C. Befides the 
+
+Enormity 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, God defies*' &c. 97 
+
+Enormity of their Size, : which made them capable of 
+plucking, up Mountains by the Roots j they give fome of 
+them an hundred Arms and fifty Heads, and make them 
+roar fo loud as. to make Heaven, and Earth, and Sea to 
+tremble. Accordingly, they fo terrified, the Gods, ,as to 
+force them to"fly into Egypt, and there lie concealed, 
+fome under the .Fignre of one Animal, and fome of another.’ 
+In fine,, to complete the Portrait of thefe Mongers, they 
+
+g ive them Feet of Serpents. Hefiod, who appears not ^o 
+ave always had a very warm .V cm, in a kind of Poem 
+which did not require much Enthufiafm, yet, where He 
+{peaks of the Enterprises of the Giants .againft the Gods, 
+nfes into the Sublime, and gives a Defcription of thofe 
+enormous Beings, which one cannot read.without a cer¬ 
+tain Horror, what Hamer relates of Abides and Poly¬ 
+phemus is not much lefs extraordinary, for what Sort of 
+Monftcr mull he have been, whofe Staff was like the 
+Mali of a Ship, and who, at a fingle Meal, eat up two 
+of TJlyJfes's Companions x ? The fame Poet tells us, OdyjJ'es , 
+ver. 576. that Tityus, when lie lay upon the Ground, 
+covered no lefs than nine Acres. 
+
+Had it been only in the Poets we found Defcriptious 
+of thofe Prodigies of Men, we fhould have Realon to 
+look upon what, they fay of them as the Prodiift of ppe- 
+tical Enthufiafm, that was’not always guided by Reafon ; 
+but the: Hi Adrians themfelves tell us very extraordinary 
+Things of them* Abydtnus and Eupolemus^ according to 
+Eufcbius , Pr*ep. lib. ix. c. 14. fpeaking of the Conffruc- 
+tion of the Tower of Babel, tells us, it was the Work of. a 
+Race of Giants, who attempted, by Means of this Tower, 
+to get up to Heaven. The ten Kings of Chaldea , men¬ 
+tioned hy BcrpTus , whomlie makes to have lived before 
+■ the Deluge, Were, according to the. Chronicle of Alex¬ 
+andria, real Giants. ’The Greek and Kcffan Authors often 
+fpeak of Mdns' Bones and' Teeth of an extraordinary 
+Bignefs. PMegan of Tralios, de Aliraculis, c. 14. tells i,us, 
+from the. Authority of Apollonius die Grammarian, that, 
+in the Time of Tiberius, an Earthquake difclofed ..the 
+Coffins of feveral Giants, wherein vvas found a Tooth jdo 
+lefs than'a Foo't in Length, which was fent to that Em¬ 
+peror. How large then, cries out Rye hi us, Oratio dc Gi - 
+ganiibus, muff the Mouth have been which contained 
+tliirty two of thefe Teeth ? and what muff have been the 
+
+F * Size 
+
+
+
+$8 Hijlory of the G ods, GedcTeilcsy'&V. 
+
+Size.'of that Giant's Body, whafe Moath wai fo wide,? 
+The fame Pbin*on afierts, fchaf in a Gaverpt bf Dalmatia 
+were found dead Bodies, whofe Ribs were more than 
+fixtcenElls^n Length, and a Tomb near Athens *hat \va* 
+' a hundred Cubits long, wherein the Body of Macrofidds 
+had been lodged, as the Epitaph of that-Giant feta forth. 
+The fame Author {peaks of fome other Difcoveriesi of 
+Giants Bones and Teeth, but none of them more extra¬ 
+ordinary than thofe now mentioned. We learn from 
+P/iny, lib. vii. c. 16. that a Mountain of Crete, being 
+burft' afunder by an Earthquake, difeovered a human 
+Body {landing upright, which was forty fix Cubits high. 
+Soliuus relates fome what as extraordinary, but attefted 
+hy feemingly unqueftionable Authority; it is with refpeft 
+to a dead Body of a gigantick Make, being thirty three 
+Cubits or forty-eight Feet in Length, which was fhewn 
+to Lucius F/accus, and to the Proconful Metcllus , who had 
+looked upon the Report they had heard of it as a Fable. 
+Fa^cilus, the beft modern Hiftorian for Sicily , relates 
+furprifmg Stories upon this Subjedl. He tells us one par¬ 
+ticular Fa& wherein Boccace, in his Genealogy of die 
+Gods, agrees with him, that about 200 Yearsbefore his 
+Time, there was difeovered in Mount Eryx a Cave, 
+wherein was found the dead Body of a Giant fitting, with 
+a StaiF in his Hand like die Mall of a Ship, and that the 
+whole mouldered into A/hes as foon as it was touched, fave 
+three Teeth, which were kept by the Magiilrate of the 
+City Eryx, who had been called forth to the Spcttacle, 
+with a Part of the Scull which contained four Bufhels of 
+
+
+SidiiuK Meafure. Fiiz.cUus reckons it was the Body of 
+that Eryx who was (lain by Hercules. We are told, that 
+the Body of Pallas the Son of E<vandn-, having' beert due 
+up near Bonn, in the Time of the Emperor fhnry 111. 
+was fee up by the Wall of that City, and over-topt it by 
+the Head. It is likewife reported, that in the “l ime of 
+Jugnjius there appeared at Rome a Giant named Pufio, 
+who was ten Cubits high, and that in the Time of the 
+Emperor Cu.iuUus, there was brought from At Mu into 
+that City the Body of Gab ho on, which was near ten Feet. 
+They add, that the Body o fOnjlcs mcafured feven Culms. 
+
+‘flic Scheme of the late Mr. licnriim deitroyr, itfeif ; 
+v. hence, but from flic Rahlans, did he le.on that 
+
+l\ a;, ui fo luodu'ioul!’/ bum; a Sixe ? What Two! can b" 
+
+
+
+
+
+■'Hiftqtyi of. ^tfGodsy) God defies^, 
+
+gbren of thac foccd/five- Crrad&wih which 1 atlength, for 
+(o.iaarty Agpa paft.has fixed McrnT, Stature' to ithe • Pro¬ 
+portion-it isjmat »thfe Day ?- Foifaftdr ally -there id an tm- 
+contefted and ftandingPr oof^-that Merf were, ha • laTger 
+than- they now .at e, iperhaps two: thoufahd * five hundred. 
+Years ago, . * This; Proof * I fetch from the fepulchraf 
+Monument of that King of Egypt ,whoeverhe was* which, 
+fiili jreraainvia the great Pyramid. ; The Dimensions bf 
+•this Tomb, which is of-the fineft Porpbyaft Marble, is 
+little more than fix Feet, according to the mod accurate 
+.Travellers. -(See Corneille le Btun, who had feen it 
+Now the Coffins-are always larger than the dead Bodies 
+that are to be put into them; even the Repofitory where 
+this Tomb is lodged is no more than fixteen or eighteen 
+Feet in its utmoft Extent. • Men therefore were no-longer 
+-than they are at this Day, in-the Time o i-Pbaraoeb who 
+built the great Pyramid. 
+
+As for tltofe monfirous Bones, which are faid by fome 
+Naturaliib to be either die Ribs, or the Vertebra; cf fome 
+Giants ; it is long fince able Phyficians have proved them 
+to have been-the Bones of Whales, or fome other Sca- 
+Monfters’, or elfe the Produ&ions of N ature which often 
+
+fports in fuch Imitations. 
+
+% •• 
+
+• i 
+
+* \ 
+
+
+
+■ Who were the Gorgon, and how came they to be 
+w or Hupped ? 
+
+j 4 , Fahpkatus and Fulgent!us will have die Gorgans to 
+have been young Women of opulent Fortunes, who im¬ 
+proved. their vail: .Revenues with fingular (Economy : 
+Thfcvefocji add*, that -Pborcui their Father had a golden 
+.ftt&tuchoTAZrw'Wrt, four Cubits high, which he dcfigned 
+-,to. have dtjpofited in. tlve.Temple of that Goddefs. But, 
+having died before chc' Confccration of the Statue, his 
+three. Daughters Stbruo, .Euryc/r, and Mnlufr, lodged it 
+among their Treafure, and Fafn/J carried it off.. F her cur, 
+according to the fame Author, was a-Native of Gyrene, and 
+sLilyti, bun lie--had; in his Poffcfiion- tJxree.Iflands. in .'the 
+. Ocean,. , 7 , bjJ-.thrue!(rfVr i fdwi,. after his Death, reigned one 
+ufr<>r another in one."of thulel-Handa : They had but one 
+Minitier*, who ipailed from the, one (Hand to the ocher ; 
+ami this h :what gave rife to the Fable of their having 
+but one Kyc, winch they lend one to an*>lhcr bv tinn%. 
+
+
+Fit fun >v.r; then n uvivaiing upon iliclc Sea:., he 
+
+^ V 1 4 I * 
+
+
+
+
+
+loo Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+
+prifed the Miniiter while rhe was paflipg frorn one I/land 
+into the other.; which explains that Circujxiftarxce of. hi 
+having ftole their Eye, while one. of them., was. givjng ft 
+to her Sifter, They were inconfolable for die Lofs ol fo 
+neceffary a Minifler ; but Per ft us gave them to know, that 
+he ihouid be returned to ri*em, provided , they would .de,- 
+liver to him the Gw-gon MeduJ'a, and, in cafe of aRefufal, 
+threatned them with Deaths . Mcdufa would never hearken 
+to this Demand, but her two Sifters confcn*e 4 , to it 
+wherefore Pcrfeus put Meduf.i to Death, carried, off 
+Statue, and reftored to S the no and E ary ah their Minifter. 
+Glaus Rudbeck , one of thole who have wrote the. moft 
+learnedly upon the Fable of the Gorgans, reckons they 
+were Princeffes of great Wifdom arid. Valour, who go¬ 
+verned their Dominions with excellent Order, and that 
+they were pofteftod of thofe Talents in the higheft Degree, 
+which are condufive to the good Management of a King¬ 
+dom : Talents which he reduces to three. Prudence, 
+Strength, and Forefight. Thefe are the excellent Qualities 
+pofleiied by the Gorgon s, which the Poets had in their 
+Eye, when they faid, in their figurative Stile, they had 
+but one Eye. one Tooth, and one Horn ; fince by their 
+Eye they marked out their Prudence ; by the Tooth their 
+Strength and Courage ; and by the Horn the Care they had 
+to procure Plenty in their Dominions by Commerce; and 
+one of their Ships was cal'od the lUr?:^ becaufe it carried 
+upon its Prow this Symbol of Plenty, and another the 
+Dragon. From this Conjecture the Author draws the,Ex¬ 
+planation of two myfteiious Circumitanccs that enter into 
+the Fable of Mcd:p> and which have not been hitherto 
+
+
+mentioned. The ihft, that M\dujWs Horn was faid $o have 
+grown out ofa Dragon, all covered with Gold and Ciems, 
+becaufe the Ship, called the Drug,in, had once returned 
+laden with Gold and precious Stone*. The fecund bore, 
+that Mtdufas Horn was full of Fciifpn, and that it poifqij- 
+cd thofe who approached it; whereby wo are given, to 
+underftand the Strength of Fleet, which no body 
+
+durlt attack. 'Phis Explanation i.s fortified in the S+vrdi/h 
+Author, by the Etymologies of the Nomc^ of the three 
+<ij/y^:r # iiucc Ssbcno .implies Strength ; Euryah, i/^Vw/ ; 
+jl iSduj.i , Cure !hr St..: s • Names which, doubtlds, wcu: 
+
+them from a Regard to their Qualiun. and Func¬ 
+tions. //• /i V fin vs, tliat fo fiouu us Prviijio was bum, lu: 
+
+•4 ✓ ^ ** 
+
+left 
+
+
+
+Htjiory of the Gods, Goddei&s, roi 
+
+|£ft the Eartfc and flew away to the Mansions of the 
+Gocfe 1 ; ev^n this Part of the Fable*-nuty be reduced to a 
+plaufiblie Meaning,' by faying, that Perjivs, upon his Re¬ 
+turn into Gmrr,’ as an Acknowledgment to the Gods for 
+His mppy ; V6yage. eonfecrared the'Prow of the Ship Es~ 
+<?af i in ' fupifiP5 Temple, according to the Cuftom im- 
+iTrertforral of lodging thofe Sorts of Offerings in Temples ; 
+And; if this Temple flood upon-Moiint Olympus, which 
+was accounted Heaven, and the Manfion of the immortal 
+Gods, nothing more would be wanting to this Circum- 
+iharice. By v/hat I have faid, we may eafdy fee the Rea- 
+fons which ‘ moved them to worfhip the three Gorgon* as 
+GoddefTes. * 
+
+A 
+
+Who were the Graces, and how came they, to be 
+Goddefies ? 
+
+: Among the many Divinities invented by the An¬ 
+
+cients, none were more amiable than the Graces, fmee it 
+was from them the reft borrowed their Charms, Sources 
+of every Thing dgreeahle and finding in Nature. They 
+gave to Places, Perfons, Works, and to every Thing in 
+its'Kind, that finifhing Charm which'crowns all its other 
+Perfections, and is, as it- were, the Flower of its Excel¬ 
+lence : In fine, it was only from them a Perfon could de - 
+rive that Talent of pleafing. Accordingly, of ali the 
+Goddeffes, none had a greater Number of Adorers than 
+they. To them all Ranks, all Profetfions, Pefons of 
+every Age and Character addrefled their Vows, and of¬ 
+fered Incen r e. Every Science, every Art had its tutelar 
+Divinity in particular ; but all the Arts and all the Scien¬ 
+ces-acknowledged the Empire of the Gretas. Hcjtod, and 
+after him Ptndar, Onomacritu «, and nioft of the other 
+Poets fix the Number of the Graces to three, and name 
+them Eyje, 'Thalia, and Euphrofyne . What perplexes fome 
+People 19, that Tbulid is commonly reckoned one of .the 
+Mules: But where is the Inconftttance in a Mule and a 
+Grace having both the fame Name l At firft; thcfeGod- 
+dilfes were reprefented only by mere Stones that were 
+not cut ; and fuck were the ancient Statues, as has been 
+already rcmarket! elfewhere. But they came vpry foon 
+to be reprefented under human Figures, clad-inGau'e, in 
+'he earlv l imes, and altcrv/ard-, quite naked. PauTmias 
+• uvn:., that he could not'trace the Time when the Cuftom 
+
+F 3 of 
+
+
+
+HiJhry^d^'iihGcxd^^'G^dA^^Sy &c. 
+
+
+
+than fimgle 1 ■ Nature, ~-and wicif a thin plahi ; Covering^ of 
+Gaufe, to intimate to ns, that if fometim^s’AVt be'in¬ 
+duced to a/ftifl!- Nature, .foreign Ornaments^ ought - to j be 
+employed only difereedy: and’with referve 1 . Theyvrere 
+painted , young, becaufe Charms have always been con- 
+jiddred as the Lot af Youth. They were commonly 
+thought to be Virgins. Homer, however, marries one of 
+th'em to the God of Sleep, and the other to Vulcan. • The 
+Gracts were reprefented in the Attitude of Persons dance- 
+ing, which makes Horace, B. i. Od. 4. fay, Alttrno 
+terr cm qualtiunt pede, Add to this, that they hold one 
+another tall by the Hand, fcvnclque tioausK Jalajere gratis: 
+We may eafdy judge that inch lovely Divinities would 
+neither be without Temples nor Altars. TheFeftivals 
+were celebrated to their Honour through the whole Courfe 
+
+O 
+
+of the Year, the Spring, ho%vever, was principally con- 
+fecrated to them, as to Venus their Mother. But it was 
+not only at certain Hated Times that the Ancients figna- 
+li^ed their Devotions to .thefe Goddeifes, there was hardly 
+a Day that was not diftinguifhed by feme Piece of Ho¬ 
+mage that was paid them. They took few Rep alls with¬ 
+out invoking the AIuTs and the Graces ; with this Diffe¬ 
+rence, that, in order to procure the Favour of the Mnfer, 
+they drank nine Glaffes, whereas thofc who would be. 
+favoured of the Graces drank only three. LaRly, as to 
+the Favours that were looked for from thefe Goddeffes, 
+they were thought to difpence to Men not only a good- 
+Grace, Gaity, Equality of Temper, but alfo Liberality, 
+Eloquence, and Wifdom, as \vc are told by Pmdctr ; but 
+the moff noble of all the Prerogative of the Graces was, 
+that they prefided over Kindnehbs and Gratitudes, in fo 
+much that, in almoft all Languages, their Names are 
+made ufc of, to e.xprefs both Gratitude and Favours. 
+
+ST' Who \vere die Gods of Great Britain ? 
+
+A. "Tacitus, in" - his Took of Agriculture, exprefiy fays, 
+that the Angies had the fame Superftitions with the Ganh^ 
+a-, alfo the fame b'icrcenels in Battle, and much the fame 
+1 :j.n$/u:i;>e. C.r/lir had tire fame Opinion With l /aAtu.\, 
+anu the** brh'er 1 IiRorian: differ from them but little’. 1 
+have /aid before, time the Uruid* were equally refpetfed 
+
+ut 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+Hiftory-of the Gods, Godd^ffes, to ^ 
+
+in Britain as. with the Gauls-,. that amon^ both, they 
+were Ministers of Religion, and. that thole ot. the. former 
+were even accounted more knowing and intelligent than, 
+thole of the Gauls-, who fent their Students to be in- 
+{trn< 5 ted by them in tlie more profound Myfteries. The 
+BugLs as well, as the Gauls had other fubaltem Mini¬ 
+fies, the Bards and Eubagts, who had the fame Functions 
+among, both. I have alio faid, that the fame B»d tains*. 
+as well as the Gauls , paid a particular Wonkip to tlie 
+Mother-goddcffes. According to Cr.mbdtn and StiJon, 
+their God Bulat ucc.dua was the fame with the Bihvns or 
+Apollo of the Gauls, and that both Nations paid him '.h? 
+fame Worihip i that they both worfhipped Ols, or FA.j, 
+and. Samotheus. In fine, to complete the Parallel, Tacitua 
+an <X Dion Cajjius tell us, that they both offered to their 
+Gods) human Sacrifices. We may, however, ob drive, 
+that ,ns England was invaded by different Nations, cfpe- 
+cially by the Bids and. Saxons, not to mention others, it 
+is very probable, that thofe Conquerors introduced, 
+there the Knowledge of fome of their Gods;. and of tlii* 
+Number, perhaps, was their Andatc, theGoddefs of \ ic- 
+tory, to whom they paid particular Worfhip : [ may ob- 
+ferve here alfo, that we are here to apply the fame. Di- 
+ilimSlion which we had recourie to in the Kiilory of the 
+Religion of the Gauls , namely, that we mult have refpuct 
+to the Period of Time ; and that thefe Angles could not 
+but affurne a new Shape, upon their being conquered by 
+the. Romans, who,, undoubtedly, alfo introduced among 
+litem the Knowledge of feveral of their Gods. It G 
+certain, thac the T/«rvA/Vm.« 3 from the eiirlieft Time* had 
+g-cat Commerce with B/it.Ar, whence they exported 
+every Year a vail ,Quantit\ of Tin; they, perhaps, had 
+left them the Knowledge of fome of their Gods. I fay, 
+perhaps, bucauie no Veiligcs thereof have been found 
+in the Country y befides, it is not ufual for Merchants to 
+talk about Subjects of Religion with thofe among whom 
+they conic only to trade, and in whole Purts they only 
+jpend as much Time as w neceffiiry for making up,their 
+
+Cai’goc'j. 
+
+
+i\ Who is flie, called the G ’■rut Mother -gothUfs ? 
+
+The Earth wa, one cf the chief and molt ancient 
+Divinities of tin; Bag.m World, and there were few ich>- 
+
+
+
+IO4 Hificry rif:tfe'G ods, Goddcfies;'&V. 
+
+Jatrou^^Nawons That did not pay her ' religious Woiihip ; 
+whacjs‘riiore'fmgolar in this Gai e is, rhePhilofophers were,. 
+or f at I<?aft affected to be of the fame way ofithiolting with 7 
+the Populace. Plato, in'his Tiiti&ur and dc Ftgihus, fays, 
+the Worlds -the Heavens, the: Stars, and the Earth are fo 
+many Divinities ; Htrac/ides of Poritus, his BifcipJc, not 
+to'mention others, reckons the Earth alio among the 
+Gods; as to which you may confult Cicero+ in his firftBook 
+oi the e Ihe of tbi God?. T he Earth we know’had 
+
+heverri Names, the moft ancient of all is that of Tita-a, 
+mentioned by ScvchoniathuJi, Dledums, and feveral other 
+-Authors, This Name, as will be faid in the ‘Titan 
+Princes, who were her Sons, fgnif.es C/ay or Earth ; and 
+confequently were very fujtablc to her, as well as that of 
+Uranus to her Hufhand, whidi Egnihed Kceivtii: And as 
+the Proems knew nothing next to the Chaos, older than 
+the Heavens and the Earth, we may conclude, that thofe 
+y/ere their firfl Divinities. Another Name of the Earth 
+was that of Rhea, the Wife of Cbramis or Saturn, a younger 
+Gocldefs by one Generation than ' Titcea . though frequently 
+confounded with Diana , Ceres, and Proferpwe, with this 
+Diftinftion, however, that Diana was taken for the upper 
+tieirbfphere of the Earth, and Profn-pinc, as alfo the God 
+V~i e//uMt\ who was reckoned the fame with Pluto, for the 
+lower Heinifphcre ; lafHy r Ops and Telh-s, Vejla, Bona 
+Dt. , (h t\ic, the Great-mother were all other Names 
+
+
+given-to the Earth. Varrc, in St. e/uguJUjic, accounts for 
+thefe different Names, and explains the Myftery of them. 
+They believe, fays he, that 7/ IIus is the fame witli the 
+Goddefs Op becaufc fhe is improved by Labour; the 
+Great-mother, betaufe fhe produces Aliments ; Pro/espir.e, 
+becaufe the Corns fpring out of her Womb ; P~>Jt. ■, be- 
+caufe fi.e is do.ithcd with Herbs and TmIF; thus it is 
+they reduce feveral Goddcffes to this one, and not with- 
+out Foundation : She is alfo culled, fays the lame Au¬ 
+thor, the Mother of the Gods ; tire Drum, which is given 
+her. figures the Globe of the Earth, rhe Turret:., die wears 
+upon her Head, reprefent her Cities ; the Meats, with 
+which* die-is frtrroumicd, denote, that fhc-alone, while 
+all 'Filings arc in Motion about her, remains fixed and 
+immoveable. M hr Eunuch Fidelia, who ferved her, point 
+•ouv^rhst no moio n. needful for obtaining, Chains .md 
+
+
+beeds 
+
+
+Lut-u) cuiiivatc the Earth, becaufe all 
+
+
+be 
+
+
+{omul 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+Hjfioiyt ds,; • GoddeBe v 1 .05 
+
+found in her: W anafrr. Their' tofEn^ and ; tumbling. one 
+anothec;'-he^orBiiii6r»tis to. ftte w thole whoicwlUYa^^e 
+Earth'jnotto 'bv. idle, jfinde^isey have always. ibjne> thing 
+to dd.. ThcSoumf of Cymbals denote the Noilja that;. 
+Utenfily, of Agriculture make; and they are of j&rafs, be- 
+caufe thfrfe Utenfils- of-old'were made of. that Metai ber 
+ftxre Iron was found tnit- The Lion- unchained and tame 
+repellents,- that there ., is no Ground io wild and barren,, 
+butr may be fubdued and cultivated * . _ 
+
+. * * r • s 
+
+.. , . t 
+
+Who was Harpocratcs, and how came he-to be made 
+
+a God } . >, 
+
+A. Har p aerates .was. the Son of Ifis, that is, of the 
+Moons iby .the Statue of Hipocrates, it is eafy. -to judge 
+that he was the God of ;Silence, becaufe he .is reprefeac- 
+eri. in an Attitude holding a Finger upon his Lips, ■. the 
+Egyptians intending thereby to denote; :that-the Gods 
+were: to be adored with refpe&fui Silence ; of, as Plu~ 
+tartb: has it, that they who knew thofe Qods,were not 
+to {peak of them rafhly. In the Tempi© of -Ifts there 
+was an Idol, that is,, an Harpocratcs putting his Finger 
+to his Mouth. * Vurra fays, that he was there to recom¬ 
+mend Silence. He lived in the year of the World 190° 5 
+before Chrift zioo,-‘to' which, add -1750, makes 3S50 
+Years fince his Time. His Contemporaries were Ninas, 
+King of Babylon ; Apts, King of S icy on ; Cranus, King of 
+Italy ; Tkerns , King of Spain* No Poets, no Hidonans 
+at this Time. 
+
+Who were the Harpies, and how came they to be 
+worlhipped ? • • 
+
+Am Phineas, King of Salmyihjfa ill Three in, married 
+Clcobulc, or Cleopatra, the Daughter of Qjythia and A- 
+polio f or rather of Boreas, King of a Pan of I brace, and 
+had by her two Sons, Plexippus and Basil ion ; but, having 
+afterwards divorced 'this Princeis, and married, Idea, the 
+Daughter of Dardanus , this cruel Step-dame, to get rid 
+of tbefc two Princes, accufed them of having offered to 
+diihononr her, and the too credulous Pbinsas put out their 
+Kye.-i. The Gods, we are told, made life of the N<>rth 
+Wind, and (truck Vbimas blind ; which, no doubt* 
+xitcaiUh* dut Ilonas, his Father-in-law, retaliates it pun 
+lum the fame Punilhnient he had infilled upexa his two 
+
+
+
+io6 Hijtcry the Gods,, GoddefFes ? , 
+
+^ \ ^ ^ 1 _ — ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ v # i ^ 
+
+$bns. Palepbatus is. of Opinion, that, the Harpies were 
+
+on..;-'Aik„ „X,k tislk* tv, oua,:.. tia 
+
+
+who" fhcefiUritf J'Teproached ! him for his.Cruelty towards 
+HTChildren. • The Haipies were;thC-Offspriiig'of "Thau- 
+niaidndPkBra. “ Thefe Monfters were three'Sifters, \CA 
+Jvttt, Ocipefct-C and ' Aello', who, with, a Wortiap’s Face,.had 
+a fill! and‘Crooked Claws, and" a - prodigious big. Bell y ± 
+they raifcd Famine wherever'they cartie r ’ carried' off. .the 
+Provifions from Pbineas' s Table, poifoned whatever they 
+touched, -and preditted future Events ; uport which-'Ac¬ 
+count they were worihipped as Goddefies. M. le'Vlerc 9 
+an his 'Urtinj&faJ Libra)y', Tofft. ii. takes the Harpies to be 
+a Swarm of Loctffts, "which, afrer the^ h&d laid walfe 
+Pitbynia and Paphtcgbnia,' produced a Famine, there. 
+Tlie Word Arbi, fays he, ofwhich: that df Harpy is 
+formed, flgnijies a Loeujl', rmd:as BtYcas^X he North Wind, 
+jtd the Country df them / having’ driven' them 'as far .as 
+the Ionian Sea, where they periihed; hence it was fa¬ 
+bled, that the Sons of Boreas had pat them to flight; 
+Therr eatihg up all the Meat, drinking the Air,- their be¬ 
+ing invulnerable, &- c . or Whatever the Poets, continues he, 
+fa id-of the Harpies, agrees "to rhe LftcnRi; ' To raife Fa- 
+anine, is'not this to • carry' off the 'Food even from the 
+•Table of Kings r That they were Jupiter or ''fioAs Dags, 
+that'they' had the Gift of Predkflion, and that ’ Tartarus 
+bad-thrown them out, in fine, that they had returned as 
+fad; as they were purfued, what does all this, figmfy, but 
+that this Plague was confidcred as an P fleet of Divine 
+Vengeance ? My intended’ Brevity will' not allow trie to 
+repeatall that M. Is CL re fays ; I therefore rcdonuneiid my 
+Renders to the faid’ learned Author. 
+
+J£\ W 7 ho was Hercules^ and how ennie he to be deified 
+among the Heroine Gods t 
+
+* A.- That there were fevcral Hsrcul.jts is a Idling not to 
+be doubted. Diodoius Si chins reckons three of them : 
+The fjiil an jfjypcia/r, who travelled into Attica, and 
+mi fed thefe fhmOuS Pillars near TV/.-/A , to yive Notice to 
+Vovauer. that they were not to Htruipt to • ‘o farther. 
+The h-Coml w:r: bom in Cr«S:. :mion-; the /./.A P,.\/v/. : • 
+
+K ^ a 
+
+fie it v/a.t, .Kvomsny to tin- l/inu: Author. who iuiiitoie. 
+
+
+
+Hzfiory of the Gods, CTodcfefles, &c. 107 
+
+and Alcfrietta : He was borrt at Thebes , aud.iignalizcd 
+himfelf by a tKoufand LaboursHe might have added 
+a fourth, more ancient than the others, namely,- theP£r~ 
+7uctan. • Cicero,, hv his Book of the A future of. The Gods , 
+reckons there' were fix of them. The firft, according to 
+that Author, was - the Son of Jupiter and Ly ft dice The 
+fecotfd is the Egyptian Hercules, who fprung from the Nile : 
+The third was one of the Da&ylt of Mount Ida : The 
+fourth was the Son of Jupiter and Aferia, the Sifter of 
+La ton a ; and this is he whom the Tyrians worshipped ; 
+The fifth is the Indian, firnamed Belus : In fine, the iixth. 
+is the Son of Alctnena. There are Greek Authors who 
+reckon to the Number of forty-three of them ; either be- 
+
+ca'ufe feveral Perfony did themfelves the Honour to af- 
+
+• ^ - r 
+
+fume fo illuflrious a Name, or rather becaufe Hercules 
+was. not'a proper Name, but an Appellative, derived per¬ 
+haps from the Phentcian Word Hor ok el, which ftgnifies 
+Merchant, as has been proved fome Years ago, by the 
+learned M. le Ckrc; who alledges, that this Name was 
+formerly given to the. famous Traders who went to dif- 
+coyer new Countries, and to' plant Colonies there, fre¬ 
+quently fignali?.ing themfelves no lefs by purging them, 
+from the wild Beaits that infefted them, than by the Com¬ 
+merce they eflablifhed there, which, no do^ibt, was the 
+Source of ancient Heroifm. and War. Thus it appears, 
+that the Word Hercules was only the Sirnamc of the Her- 
+at left's wc have mentioned : For the Tyrian was Tbafus-i 
+the Phentcian, Oefanus or Age nor ; th c Grid an, Aleevs or 
+Alddcs ; the Egyptian, who was Contemporary with O/;- 
+frTy and General of his Troops, Ofochor , or Chon $ the 
+Indian, Dofanes ; and the Gaul, Opinion. As to the La¬ 
+bours, Battles, and Exploits of Hercules, my intended 
+Brevity will not permit me tc write of them ; I recom¬ 
+mend my Readers to t-hofc Hiilovians and Poets who have 
+written at large of the Adventures of Hercuhs, who was 
+svorihipped ns one of the Heroine God:. 
+
+
+H Who were the G01L and Goddcilcs who prefulcd 
+
+over Marriage ? 
+
+el. i lur \ it <'< kt and ITtn.ns having nlw.iy , reckoned 
+V ei tin: G< nhlel’i ol iVi.11 v’ruve. wUcutc- llie not the Name: 
+■i Vi am 1 'a ; l In.til tpe.ik o: 'die ori-ei > J<jit > whom (hoir 
+• < 1 l.ui.'li heli.;v\ tO • M’riie - -e.e M .m( flat'*. A* the 
+
+
+• . t i v 1 
+
+
+
+io 8 Hiftcrj£ t cf;jfce:G ods 5 . Go&kffes, «£sV. 
+
+Orecfo had their .God Hytxfnsvts, fo. thei Romans had .their 
+'thalfjjiusy and feme other Gpds whom. they, invoked in 
+Marriages. The former alfo gave the Name of Hymcn^o 
+the Union of the two Spouies,: and that of Hymenasusr to 
+|he i ? eftival i that was celebrated in Honour of the God 
+who presided over Marriages J . and it is in- this. Senfe 
+that we are to underfkmd the Exprefhon in OajiJ f :Jiy/M- 
+72 <?a canunt. LcAantius the Grammarian, and Lutatius, 
+fa y, that there was at Athens a youngMan. of furpafung 
+Beauty, but exceeding poor, and of obfeure Birth, whole 
+Name was Hymtsut us. Ac this Time of Life, when it is 
+eafy for a young Man to counterfeit the other Sex, lie 
+fell in love with a young Athc 7 iiu 7 : Lady ; but fhc being 
+of a Family far above his, he durfi not difelofe to her his 
+fecret Paifion, but contented himfelf with following her 
+wherever fhe went. One Day, as the Ladies ok Athens 
+were going to celebrate the Feail of Ceres , upon the Sea- 
+iliore, and his Miflrefs was to join them, he difguifed 
+himfelf like a Woman, and, though unknown, hishand- 
+fome Appearance gained him eafy AdmifTion into that 
+devout AfTembly. In the mean time fome Prielis leaving 
+rheir Ship came afhore, and carried olF the whole Procel- 
+fion, and, having travelled with them a great Way, were 
+fo fatigued, that they fee down to reft thcmfelves upon 
+the Sea-fl;ore, where they fell allcep. Hynunans, now 
+refuming Courage, exhorts all his Companions to kill 
+iheir Ravilhers ; which accordingly they did with him : 
+Then, after Promife of a fpeedy Return, he went to 
+Athens* where, Ixaving alfembled the People, he declared 
+who he was, and what had happened ^ adding, that, if 
+they would allow him to marry one of the ravilhed La¬ 
+dies, whom lie loved, lie would deliver up to them all 
+the red. 11 is Propofal being accepted, he married his 
+beloved Miilrefs, and, upon account of fo happy a Mar¬ 
+riage, the A:h< for ever after invoked him at their 
+
+" MarViaver, and celebrated Fcilivals to his Honour. Ca- 
+7 itlJuj lay:;, lie \\r.i - the Son of Unmin. AfcIipuiJi s gives 
+him L\tJ;cpe for .his Mother, and Apollo for Ilk Luther : 
+Others fay, he was brought lortli by CJio* urea lays, 
+h<; hud lAnJ)us fur hk Father, and, as this Poet: names 
+nor hi:. Mother, fom-j -vilJ have kei to he/L.-.-n. Though 
+;ite h id adoi ted ijiis Or iuiry the T ■..!<, a:i*l 
+
+
+1 T J •. 
+
+
+V * * 
+
+
+•xi 
+
+
+Lii.U 
+
+
+* y 
+
+
+(i 
+
+
+the \> i '. : .K i 1 'V!.i 
+
+
+* P H 
+
+
+• ^ c 
+
+
+* / 
+
+
+# * 
+
+
+i (h 
+
+• lhiIi ! 
+
+
+4 ■ 
+
+
+
+ffljlory'tof-zbe • G o ds $ i G6&deflfes 5 ! v £&r. 0 to 9 
+
+would.::have* '= alfo ’• 'a' God for Mhrriagfe^ oftheit own 
+making s and-,-‘having found in' their/Hiftdry‘dn'» ‘Event 
+in feme meafure covrefpandent to that Which' we * hive 
+now related^ they' fought no more. At a Time * when 
+the Rowans committed a Rape upon the Sabina WoiiiHi, 
+(fee Plutarch on Romulus ) a Troop of Soldiers were carry¬ 
+ing off a Virgin of Make and Beauty far Turpaffih 
+retb : Some Officers attempting to forcedier from them, 
+they Tell a crying, -that - fhe was deftined to Thaiajfius , 
+.who thus received her to Wife, ,and proved the happieft 
+of Hufhands : From that Time they fung Thdlajius at 
+Nuptials, - as the Greeks did Hymenteus. • 'Jugatihur- was 
+another God who prefided over Wedlock, as his Nathe-, 
+purely : Lathy.. fufficiently implies, :Wher» the yohng 
+Spoufes had.- plighted their Faith in the Prefence ‘ of their 
+Relations, they again invoked another God;-whom they 
+.called Do 7 nidzicus, whofe ‘ Function was' to conduct them 
+to the Houfe -where they were to dwell ; and then in 
+the Evening they put up a Prayer to the Goddef3 Pre-may 
+who prefided over the Confummation of Marriage j as Vir- 
+^•/>2^fff/^j,:another Divinity invoked on this Occafion, loofed 
+. the Bride’s Girdle, which Function the -Greeks gave to-their 
+LyficcoTia. ■ I fay nothing of PerficaPer tun da, and * Sub :- 
+gas, mentioned by Amobius , left I fhould be led to tranf- 
+grefs the Bounds of Modcfty* 
+
+
+How came, the Poet Home?- to- be worfhipped as a 
+
+.God? 
+
+A. The A pot heaps of Homer reprefented upon an ancient 
+Monument, explained by Cuptr, leaves no Room to doubt 
+of that Poet's been worfhipped, at leaft, as a Dcmi-god. 
+pK Who were Contemporaries with Hauer ? 
+
+J . Heartr , the fir ft genuine Heathen Writer extant, he 
+lived in the Year of the World 3208 ; before Chriil 
+to which add 1750 makes 2542 Years fince his Tim.:. 
+HovuC s Contemporaries were Nabotujfu , King of Bah\ ■ 
+Ln ; RiHuy King of Ajjyriti ; iTAA/.t, King of Lydia ; Pc? - 
+dicaSy King of 1 \lacedon ; Curium , King of Spain ; Rival ^ 
+Kang of England. No Poets, but himiclf, no Hilioriatv, 
+a: this Time, 
+
+
+
+
+c;u;l- 
+
+
+
+-lestv tr 
+
+
+
+
+: > t f * 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+no Hijfcry of the Godsy Godcle/Tes ,' &c. 
+
+
+A. The Philofophers, the Orators, and the Poets had 
+made fo many,' arid-fo eloquent Encomiums‘upon Virtue, 
+the- only Thing that made them happy, that Tt would 
+have- been difficult to hinder the Admiration 1 which they 
+Infpired, for fo glorious an Objedfc, front paging very foon. 
+into Adoration : Accordingly fhe was deified, arid Antib 
+quity- has left us feveral Traces of the religious Worfliip 
+that-was paid to her, as may be feen in the fourth Book 
+of St-Augujiine y de CFuztate Dei ; Plutarch, de Para Pcma* 
+no,- and-others inform us, that Sciph, he who raifed 2$te~ 
+mantta , wa9 the firft who confecrated a Temple' to this 
+Divinity. Marcellas , as we are told by the fame Author, 
+being de&gned to build a Temple of the 1 Spoils of the 
+Sicilians- fo the fahie Go'ddeis, and to Honour, confuted 
+the* Pontiffs, who kindred him from it under pretext, 
+that one and the fame Temple could not contain thefb 
+two"Divinities ; thus he built two-* adjoining to one ano¬ 
+ther, as Cicero , lib. i. in Verrem , remarks, that there was 
+no arriving at that of Honour, but by puffing through that 
+of Virtue j fo- teach' Men time true Honour was only to be 
+acquired by the Pra&ice of Virtue . It was even to fup- 
+port this wife Maxim, that Virtue was fomcrimes painted 
+with Wings, becaufe. fho procured Honour and Vi&ory 
+to tbofe who fludied her. Plutarch furnifhes- us with 
+another Remark to this Purppfe ; namely, that they fa- 
+crificed to Honour with their Heads uncovered, it being 
+ufual to uncover at meeting thofe who, by their Virtues, 
+have acquired Honour in the World; and we learn from 
+Pliny , that Fc thins Rutilianus was the fir ft who made a 
+Law, that on the Ides of July the Roman Knights fhould 
+march on Horfc-back from the Temple of Honour to 
+tllC Capitol. v 
+
+Virtue was ufually re prefen ted under the Figure of a 
+venerable Matron-, leaning againfl a Pillar. • We firid 
+her, however, upon fome Medals 1 of Gordian 'and l\ T U7tit- 
+riau, under the Figure of a Man with a Beard. Marius, 
+after the Defeat of the Citnbri, alfo- confecrated one to 
+
+
+thefe two Goddelies-. Plautus, in the Prologue to his 
+An:phit/yvy names Virtue among the other "Gods whom 
+ilA-rr.v^v fj'eaks of at that Place; and Lucian Fo, tube 
+
+ufed her fo very ill, the.! flic duril not longer appear be¬ 
+fore yupita'ii Throne. Ai. iugeniuu^ Aheguiy, appli¬ 
+cable to virtuous People'., who are too often peril:* need. 
+
+‘b Uov 
+
+
+
+Hiftory- of the.QgdSf Goddeffes, &c. i r i 
+
+
+- \ ■ l T - T ' .,v - 1 - — 
+
+Hq vv. cacae Hope,to madea.Goddels ? ., . . 
+
+. ^ Had.H^e efpapjed.when the imprudent Epimetheus 
+opened Pandora's J3 q », no. Refource had been- leftsta Manr 
+agamfLtHe C alam i ties rh e-lab ours underBut: as Ihe alone 
+remained, iim .the Bottom of the fatal Box., I think at no 
+
+Wqiide)-- they, made a.Divinity of her. Cicero , .in his- 
+c £tifqfj(ian ^uejliotn,. Book r i. defines Hope? the Expectation 
+of 'Qood, Spes eft futuroritm "honorum ; good Things to come,, 
+whether, in'this.Life or the next, .are. its Qbjeft, and it is 
+prQbable,„the Pagans themfelves extended it thus far. 
+ft,was in,, the Hope-of-immortality, fays Cicero, that the 
+Heroes fb chearfully. reiigned themfelves to. Death. The 
+\vife^ among, the Hedthens havefhewed us what-Influ¬ 
+ent e.Hopc.. and Feat * are capable of producing; uporf the 
+Minds .of the Cu. who take a*near View of ai future Life„ 
+What Plato? Book v. of the Republic, fays tO’diisPnrpofe 
+is admirably:,good.; “ Throw,. Socrates-? that when any 
+iC one is at the Point of Death, anxious Doubts and Rears 
+“ arile: in. his Mind .from a Reflcftion on the Errors of 
+“his Life... Then it is- that the Pains and Torments, re- 
+<e ferved for the Guilty in the other. World, which he 
+“ Had hitherto accounted only fo many ridiculous Fables, 
+? c and. made them the Obj eft’s: of his Raillery, begin to 
+4 ‘ affeft, and make an Impreflion upon him, apprehencT- 
+4t ing all'thefe Thingf may be real. Thus;, whether his 
+f* Mmd is infeebled by Age, or that having Dcatli nearer 
+<£ at Hand, he examines with greater Attention, his Soul 
+c ’ is, feized with-Fear and Deadi, and if he has : injured 
+** ?ny one, he finks into Dcfpair; while he, who hay 
+“ nothing to reproach himfclf with,- feels : that fwcet 
+<c Hope Ipringing up in his Mind, which Pindar calls the 
+“ Nurfeof Old-age.'” This is one of thofc refined Senti¬ 
+ments which light Reafon. diftated to Philofophers, who* 
+were fo wife as to: cunfult and hearken to this facretl 
+
+
+Guide, it was- Virtue, according; to Cicero ; that infpired 
+•the Hope of Immortality, and that fame Immortality ani¬ 
+mated Hope.- There is nothing melancholy, fays lie, in 
+Death, which loads to Immortality. No.: ,ji /agenda mot's 
+tjiuxjti i mr.i-.n 'tali Cat cn: confiquitnr ; <!c Send ate, cap. r. 
+ad- though- the v/ifcfl Heathens, and nothing could be 
+ohjefted to tlieiv Morality as JO this A \ tide, had they 
+
+•-me no mothvr dim::* to coiJidcr JA,v as a Vn.ac ; but 
+
+they 
+
+
+» * 
+V * 
+
+
+
+112 Hifiory the Gods,’ Goddeffes x • &c / 
+
+they actually made a Divinity of it. Cicero fpealcs of 
+one of the Temples - of-this-Goddefs-in 'his: Book i cf-'dhe 
+Laws. Titus Litvins makeamehdon^f that-which-'fibod 
+in the Market for Herbs; and of another which Publius' 
+Vi Si or erected to her in die feventh-Region.w 'Mv'FulfhiS' ^ 
+the Ceafor, confecrated another to hcr ncar-dre < ?jr^^r,--'' , - ; ' 
+
+• * • i 
+
+. . . i */ • • ia ** • — ^ r - ■ 
+
+» • . - . * } • • — — .v. — -b ’ < ' ' 
+
+i?. Who wa s.Jagur or Jang-, and how came he. to-bd ' 
+made a God? • * -e*. w gnaw 
+
+A. -Beger names five among the Arabians j^who held the - 
+firlhRank among the Gods of that People : ^j/a/^axiiong 
+the Kilibites ; Scuvas, among the Hade Hites $ -Nefo amo rrg 
+the Quikelaites ; Jagur or Jang. It ismlfo known',- that - 
+about die Kaaba , that is the Temple of Mecca,- were three 
+hundred and fixty Statues. -But the QnelHon is, whether 
+they reprefented the Gods, or only the great Men of the 
+Nation-?- ' However, this much, at leafl is certain, ; that 
+feveral of thefe Statues were refpe&ed,'- or rather adored: 
+The five lafi Gods, whom-we have named-after Beger, 
+were virtuous Men who had lived before the Deluge, 
+and whole Worfliip, after that Event, had been cftablifir- 
+ed by the Arabians. *• 
+
+
+Who w as jatsniy and how came he to be made‘a 
+God ? ... * 
+
+
+A. All die Roman. Hiftcrians agree, that this Prince 
+reigned’ in Italy in the Time that Saturn was there, and 
+this God fucceeded him ; Ficus, the Son of Janus, being 
+aoo young to wear the Crown. All the Ancients are alfo 
+unanimoufly of opinion, that Janus was not a Native of 
+Italy, but that he came thither from the Country of the 
+Per obeli, a People in Theffaly, who, according- to the 
+Ancients, dwell’ along the River Pinos. The Author of 
+the Original of the Romans fays, he had arrived there 
+before Saturn, whom he received into -his’ Dominions ; 
+and that this is the Rcafon ivliy he was firft named in the 
+Sacrifices, and was honoured with die Appellation of Fa- 
+
+
+then. If we credit Aurelius Vi it or, this Prince’s Original 
+is thus ; It is laid, that Creu/a, the Daughter o fJsrecbiheuj, 
+King of Athens, a Lady of fuvprifing Beauty., was fuv- 
+prifed by V t 'ol!c., and had a Sou by him, wL\... was feat 
+to Delpbos, there to be muled and educated ; Ou:. tlie fa- 
+di.e.v, aot huowhiK any thi.ig h:.:l _,a.e 
+
+her 
+
+
+
+liijtcry of*it ha, Gods, Goddefics* fisfe. 113 
+
+her.in Marriage, to one Xipbtus ; he, not likely tQ: have 
+Children fiycfrer,. went Ta corifult the Oracle of DcZpb'os *. 
+and aficed how. he might become a Father? The God. 
+anfwered /hiift, that c he mud adopt the fxrft Child whom . 
+he fhoaldTneet the next Day. . The firfi he found was. 
+Janus ,- whom. Apollo had got. upoii Crezija, and him ac¬ 
+cordingly he adopted. Janus, being grown up, equipped 
+a Fleet, landed in Italy, and there made Conquefts; and, 
+having taken Pofleffion of a Mountain, built there a City 9 
+which he called nudum. In the Time. of his Reign 
+Saturn, .banifhed his own. Country, landed alfo \nltaly. 
+Janus gave him a kind Reception, and made, him his, 
+Affociate in the Empire. Saturn built a Fortrefs near 
+Janiczdum v and called it Saturn!a. This Prince, havings 
+fet fail ;for Italy, drew to his Party a good many of the 
+OcKotrians and Aufaniam, and with, their Afliftance made 
+himfelf Matter of a great Part of the Country which lies 
+between the River Lyris, and the Tybcr~, this is what has. 
+been called Latiur.i, becaufe it was Saturn s Retreat. La~ 
+tiu?r., a lat it an do \ or Saturjjza , becaufe that Prince there 
+took up his Abode. See Virgil, IEn. Book viii. Before His • 
+Retreat it was named the Country of the Aborigines, im¬ 
+porting, that it was -poffeflld by Nations of different Ori¬ 
+ginal. ^Farther, Janus , who was the firft King,' was faid 
+to have two Faces, only to figure that he commanded 
+two Nations, or becaule, upon his lharing the Kindom 
+with Saturn, he caufed Medals to be ilruck, reprefcnting 
+on one Side a Head with two Faces, to.fignify that'his* 
+Power was divided between Saturn and himiclf, and that 
+his Dominions were to be governed by the Councils- of 
+both. Plutarch, however, affigns another Reafon for it,, 
+it was, fays he, to toaph us that this Prince and his Peo¬ 
+ple had, by the Councils of Saturn, paffod from a wild 
+and .rullick Life, to a Life of Politenefs and Humanity, 
+And indeed, that Titan Prince taught them to cultivate 
+the.Qround, and:to live in Peace; and this is, perhaps, 
+what m,ado .that, happy Period pair, for the Golden Agr, 
+when Italy, muter Saturn 1 s aufpiciour. Sway,,applied itfelf, 
+during, a - profound. Pence., to the Improvement*of Arts 
+and; Sciences,, ami to Agriculture.; Accordingly, Janus 
+was li'ire that Tim': looked upon a> the God of Peace, 
+au'l.-hi.'i,Temple v.v > tuswr fhr.l but when the whole Roman 
+
+Einiiire o jjoy :d *• O.-Tuion tt'orn \V\ir, as happened; 
+
+• ~ ’ efpeciahy 
+
+
+
+U 4 r Htfiory. : of, the. Gods, Goddd 3 es, ©V- 
+
+efpecially in .the Time of Mugujlus. . This Tempje was . 
+iliut only thrice, under Niuna. the. Founder, of it, after 
+the fecond'Punic-war, and after the Battle of ABium, .It. 
+
+1^4 ♦ / #* ^ 4 - ^ “ 
+
+is certain, that Janus received'divine j^onour-s-j byt he^.. 
+no morethan Saturn, never was ranked among.the. great. 
+Gods, or .the Gods of Council, whofe Names. ; are . pre-- 
+ferved to.it b y Ennius in two Verfes : Thus we. £ re to 
+look upon him as a home-made God, or as one of their 
+Ikdigites? juft as sEncas, who after him. received the 
+fame Honours in the Latin Country. Some undertake to. 
+prove J'aims to be the Sun, and that he is reprefented 
+double, as being Maker of both the Gates-of Heaven, 
+foecaufe he opens the Day when he rifes, and Ihutsit. 
+when he fets; he was invoked' as Janus Ge minus* - or 
+double-faced j Father Janus, Janus Junouius 9 Janus.Gm- 
+d-uius, Janus Ehiirbiusy Janus Pat nidus and Clufi*vii<s : 
+We call him Father, as being the God-of Gods.. .The 
+learned llyckius , makes the Date of Janus 's Arrival in 
+Italy to fall in the i roth Year before that o fdEncat in the 
+fame-Country, and by Confequence the 146th Year before 
+the taking of Troy ; AEneas having landed in Italy, four 
+Years after the Deltrudiion of that City. Janus fee out 
+
+. * * * J • 4 ♦ 
+
+from Perrhcbia inThcjJaly,jxnd came by Sea into die Latin 
+Territory. 
+
+
+ijh How came Jajlon to be made a God ? 
+
+JaJion was the Son of Jupiter and E/cBra, the. 
+Daughter of Atlas, Diodorus Siculus, Book v-. Jufion ^ 
+lays lie, dwelt in the Bland oSSansotbrace, while his Bro¬ 
+ther Dardanus went.and fettled upon the-Chad of Tnors^ 
+received there Cadmus, . and gave him in Marriage.his- 
+Sifter Harmonics ; for, fays this Author, the Greek Mytho¬ 
+logies arc milt a ken when they aifert that lhe v;;;,. the 
+Silter of Mars . Tlie Gods, adds Diodorus, vouchfafed tv) 
+attend the Celebration of this Marriage, and this was the 
+Bril Time they were prefent at- fucli a Ceremony : Each 
+of them came thither with his Prefent, arid Ceres, who 
+loved-JaJion dearly,, brought Corn for berk, djajion, con¬ 
+tinues he, in die fame Palfagc, afterwards dpc \\{'od.Cybdi’ D 
+an cl was ranked among die Gods. 
+
+♦ K#* ^ ^ 
+
+■ _vC AVhe were Contemporaries with '/ fan s\ 
+
+A. Oi L.yifl., CaltP:: Sou-in - 1 .lv/, rules the Or a elite.! ; 
+
+! ::;t ay Lit ^ King o 1 EyyC *. Pa tier r, King <)•’ Va/yfca ; tin- 
+
+rotas ■ 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of -the Gods, Goddefies* &c, ixg 
+
+rota's, King of Si cyan } Ericbtbomus, King of Troy ; Ju¬ 
+piter, Kitig oP'Crete', Chiron, the firth-Sonof Saturn, an 
+excellent PhyficiariheJ-taugKt JEfculapiiis P hylic, A folio. 
+MuSc,'' Hermits' Aftronoriiy, 2xi&.' Achilles' was his Pupil. 
+JaJibn lived'i'll the Year of the "World 2511, 1489 Years-' 
+before ChrifU- r; to which add'*1750makes.3259-Years iince 
+his Time;' No Poets, no Hiftorian’s at thisTime, 
+
+1 ^ * 
+
+- *«*-r / ' i • • t 
+
+* % 
+
+' Who was Idojnentus, and how’came he to be mads 
+
+a God ? • 
+
+Ai Pdohzeheus , King of Crete, was the Son of Deucalion y 
+arid Grandfon of Minos IX.-whofe Father was Lych/for,the 
+Son of Mrrtos'l. who was confeqiiently Tdoineneu? s Great¬ 
+grandfather. This Prince, according 'to Homer, accom¬ 
+panied by Merlon his Coufm-german, conduced to the 
+Seige of ‘troy the Troops’of Crete, with a Fleet’of twenty - 
+four Ships;,- anddiltinguilhed himfelf there bp fome glo¬ 
+rious Exploits. The Poet now named defer-ibes the.Com- 
+bat of this Prince with Otbiyoneu's, who, in hopes of 
+marry ing Cajfcendra, Peiam ’s - Daughter, had' come to hi3 
+Affikance from Cahefus, a-Town in Cappadocia, whom ho 
+itew, even infulting him after liis-Death, according^ to'the 
+bad Practice of that Age, for having flattered himfelf 
+with tire Hopes of carrying away that Princefs. Ajias, the 
+Leader 'of the Troops, raifed from Perecte, Seflus and 
+Abydos , Cities fituate upon the Coafts-of the Propontis , and 
+in the Neighbourhood of Phrygia, as he was fee Icing to 
+revenge Qthryoncus, received the* fame Fate with hTm^ 
+while Morion"; not fo fortunate, nor fo brave ‘as hia 
+Coufin, (hot an Arrow at D'eipholius, who attacked him amf 
+milled him. The Iliac Table reprefents thefe three Com¬ 
+bats much in the fame ihanner as Homer deferibes them* 
+
+♦ 
+
+After the Taking of the City, Idomcncus and Me non, laden 
+with the Spoils of the Tr jam, were returning to Crete > 
+when they were overtaken with a Storm, by which they 
+were like to have pevifliedk- While the Fleet was in this 
+prefling Dariger, Idomtnem made a Vow to Neptune, that* 
+if he returned to : his own Kingdom, he would facrifice to f 
+hiiiv the- fir ft TI ling- that 1 met him. The Tempeil-ceafed,. 
+and he arrived happily at the Port of Crete , where his 
+Son, hearing of .his'FatheV’u Arrival, was the full Objetl 
+that, p re Tented to his View. It is eafy to imagine what 
+Surarinc end OUlreij idorr:..:\.s mult have Lee a in ne the 
+
+
+• f 
+
+biunc 
+
+
+
+t i'6 Hiftory of the 1 Gods, 
+
+
+
+f'&c. 
+
+
+Sight of him. In vain did the Sentiments of paternal 
+Affection plead in his Behalf, Religibii, or rather Super- 
+ltition prevailed '; and he refolvcd to facrificb his Sbn’.tb 
+the'God of .the Sea. Some Ancients will have it, that 
+this Sacrifice was accomplifhed, others affirm" and believe 
+with'more Reafon, that the People, undertaking'the,De¬ 
+fence of that Prince, carried him oft from the Altar'. ~ Be 
+that as it will, a general Confpiracy was formed- again!! 
+l-lonu kcus, ‘ who, finding himfelf not fafe in his own Do¬ 
+minions, fet fail for Italy, where he built, foon afterJiis Ar¬ 
+rival, the Town of Sale//turn. Liomeneus and Merton both 
+died in their own Country, where a magnificent Tomb 
+was erefled to them, at which they received divine. Ho¬ 
+nours. This Tomb was flill to be feen in the Time'of 
+Diodorus, in the City GnoJjtts, with this Infcription.' 
+
+* .... ' V . ' 
+
+Here lies Merton, by the Side of Ido mem us,- ■ 
+
+The Crcttdm (acrifiCed Co them as to Heroes, and in their 
+Wars invoked them ‘as their Protc«flors. From' this it 
+cafily appears,’'that 'Idotocneus'% Vow of facrlficing his' Son, 
+his JExpUlfibh and Voyage to Italy, and tlie : Building- of 
+Salentum, were, at' lea ft; Fatts very much controverted; 
+Idameneus lived in the'Year of the World 2772, that is, 
+222S Years before Chrift, to which add t'750, makes 
+2978 Years fince his Time. His* Contemporaries were 
+Blots, a Zebolonitc, who ruled over the Ifraelites ; Phinaos, 
+King of Baby lot: ; Diowcdes, King of S icy on) Priam:ts,Kmg 
+of 'Troy* Tarter, King of Spain ; Fr Arcus, King of Germany . 
+No Pbets, no Hiftorians at this Time. * 
+
+Who was Inachus, and how came he to ; be made 
+a God ? 
+
+//. As the large’ and "beautiful Country of C,ne 'er had 
+not been fulftciemly peopled by yfavatFs'. Pbfterily, and 
+by the ancient PJa/jn, fevcral Colonies came thither at 
+different Times Aihong thefe Leaders of Colonies the 
+
+^ J « ^ g ^ 
+
+moll noted are Inachus, Geer ops, Deucalion,' Cadmus,' De¬ 
+tains, Pclops, :ind fome others: Of thole fever a 1 Colonies 
+
+1 ' -4 . 4 Y** 4 
+
+wei 
+
+Th 
+
+sl'Tt.s are fomewiiat confufcd. i,airbus, who came from 
+* % 
+
+arrived in (.ireeee about the Year’ t tioO before 
+
+
+' - l j — 
+
+/ere formed the Kingdoms of Fioeyn, JJrgos, "Albeits, 
+/jebis, and the reft. '1’he Beginning of the Kingdom of 
+
+. . • .» I .* ■ T 1 
+
+
+* I 
+» • 
+
+x rent eat. 
+
+
+Cbrill, which v:u in die 
+
+
+Year 
+
+
+of the World 
+
+
+1 so, 10 
+
+which. 
+
+
+' T 
+*■■4 
+
+
+
+HiJiory.ofjbe^Q ods ? . Goddeflefs, &c, ny 
+
+•which add, makes Jn aH irnce that Time 3630 5 
+
+whence' iie, founded‘/that TCingdoiti, and* fettled in the 
+
+~ ThV%ochataf- 
+
+, . ..... . v ...._ 'capiaffhis, who had 
+
+hirhfelf followed that of Eraioflbenes . Mofcs was Con- 
+. temporary - .with Inacbus,. and not with Cesrops,. as Eufebius 
+wodlH’haye it,Having for tha t Purpofe abridged the Times* 
+ahd..,departed r froiji Africanjis* Jofephus, Philo and Poly- 
+bfjlor,, Ptclahy .of Tfaenda, and .many other. Authors, as Fa~ 
+fhpr V'tdron has, fully, proved j.ii his Book. of. The. Antiquity 
+of the 7 1 melrcflpred .. . 
+
+B.odi Ancipnts and Moderns ar.e equally agreed, that 
+tlie’Heroic,or fabulous Age reaches down from Ogygcs to 
+.tlie Re-cfbdblifhmcnt of the Olympiad >, when the Hiftorical 
+Age begins. .NbW Pc.rpLyry 9 as Evfbius underdands him* 
+fuppofed, that Mofcs lived in the Time otSemireimis* whom 
+the fame Euftbius makes to have reigned 860 Tears be- 
+fore.the Trojan War ; lnachus, Contemporary with -Mofcs', 
+lived therefore Soo Years before that Epoc/ba, and confe.- 
+quently 4.00 Years before Cccrops, 'who, according- to Cciir 
+fori n us, the Chronicle of Paros, and,all the Chronologies, 
+reigned 400 Year’s before the Taking of that City.. As to 
+the.400 Years from Anacbus to Ogyges, they are.clearly 
+made out from Ccnforipus : Here then is. the Duration of 
+the heroic Age determined to 1600 Years. But how can 
+jfo great Antiquity be afligned to ? The Taking of 
+
+Trey, which is the belt eitablifhed Epacha of all the fabu¬ 
+lous Times, falls, according to the bed Chronologifts, m 
+the Year 1183, or 1*84 before the ‘ Chridlan y£ra .. df 
+Ogygcs was in the World 1200 Years before that Epoch a, 
+he mult then have lived 23S3 Years before, Chriil ; and 
+confequently in the Syllcm of Chronology abridged‘.al- 
+mod in the very Time, of Noah's Deluge, .which is not 
+tumble; : I therefore cut off from the Duration of the Age 
+now in Quellion thel'c 400 Yearn that make Opygcs to 
+have lived even in the Tune of lnachus, or of Pboroncus, 
+his Son. THc Kingdom of Argos, founded by (naebus, en¬ 
+joyed a long Succelllon of King'. ; the nine fird were call- 
+
+c\[‘ JuachuSj Pbonuu'its, Apis, Argus, Cbryafus , fburb/n. 
+Trio pits, $t< lines and Go la nor. h.uubus^ after Iris Death, 
+
+'.•/as .wori dipped as a God. bmebus lived in, the Year of 
+the World 2003!. bef.ro Child vuoy, to which add iy 
+makes : 70'YcViVi iinco hh* Time. A fftbimJA, .thru- 
+
+A * - * ' ' ‘ » 
+
+/1 • * ► * 
+
+* j 
+
+
+
+ri8 Hr ft cry* vf ^’Gods, Goddefies fl&c. 
+
+hfztn AriitSy King of 'Babylon ; fEgyptus, King of S icy on ; 
+Tagus, King of Spain ; Bruys, • King of Gaul \ '-'and another 
+.of that Name, King of Britain and from, him the Dtuids. 
+•No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time- 
+
+9 
+
+
+Who was Jfis, and how came lhe to be ..made z 
+-Goddeis f r ,, , 
+
+A. Diodorus Siculus, Book i. fays, JVXen in earlier 
+'Times, ftnnR with the. Beauty of the.tJinverfe, with the 
+Splendor .and ‘.Regularity which every where fhined forsb, 
+made. no X)oubt but there was fome .Divinity, .who, 
+•.therein prefided j and they adored the Sun and Moon un~ 
+<der theJNames of Ofir is and JJis : Whereby this learned 
+Author gives us to underftand, that the Worfhip of?the 
+.Stars was the firRObjefl of Idolatry, and that Egypt was 
+the Place where it began. Plato , if lie be the Author of 
+.the Dialogue, entitled Epi no mis., where we have' thefe 
+'Words : “ The frft Inhabitants of Greece, as I conjediure, 
+acknowledged no other Gods but thofe who are at 
+
+
+** this very. Day the Gods of the Barbarians, namely, the 
+flt Sun and Moon, the Earth, the Stars, and- the He<t- 
+<f yens/’ But nothing proves fo much the Antiquity.Of 
+ikis Kind of Idolatry, as the : Care Mofcs took to prohibit 
+it : Deut. iv. 19. Take heed, fays he to the Ijraeliles, Jcfi 
+nvben you lift up your Eyes to Heaven, and fee the Sun, the 
+Moon, and all the Stars, Itflyou befeduced and-drawn away to 
+pay l-Vorjhip and Adoration to the Creatures, which the Lord 
+your God has made for the Service of all the Nations under 
+Heaven. 'Mofcs mentions the Sim before the other Stars, 
+becaufe his Beauty, and Ufcfulncfs are mpre apt to fedoce, 
+than that of the,Moon and Stars. , As it-.\v>is. after) the 
+
+
+Departure out of Egypt,, and when , the m J<.fuss' wefc in, the 
+Defert, that God. indited to them this Precept . of : the 
+Law, there is tjic.higcft. Ground to-jbcHevc, that it, \vi?s 
+to make them forget the Egyptian Superftitions of, this 
+Nature, and to guard them againil being drawn into, thofe 
+of the other Nations, they were , very foon. to he amflug; 
+for this Worfhip. was at that Time fppiad over, allAn.d, 
+-his is the Reafon why Job, ;ra~i. ,2.6, 7-7>-*;feV** te.Uifp;d 
+his Innocence ; If J btheid the Sun whin hcfhinid, 0/ she 
+
+Moon 'walking in her JJynfiotr.cfs ; f :.:y Heart has (u ejt 
+tickled with a certain Jo'}, and l/ball put .::•} ILtuds tn ;:.y 
+d'/cuth Ju \ij\ A r, * width Ji the jLiyft of SnJy.iity,, cue/i a 
+
+R< nun- 
+
+
+
+tTiftoyy of the. Gods,- Goddefies, '"&v. rig 
+
+'Renunciation of the mo ft' high God. Upon this Paflage' we 
+have four Remarks to make. Firft, diis• was*therefore the 
+'Idolatry of fob's Age, and the only.^one too; -for to be 
+fore, if their had been -other Kinds of it, he would have 
+equally cleared himfelf of them. Secondly, that to adore 
+l the • Sim implied an abfolute acknowledging him the 
+fupreme Deity, and no other. Thirdly, that we : learn 
+from/this Paffage not only the Antiquity of the ’Worlhip 
+•■of the Sun, fince fob lived before Mofes ; ‘ but alio ‘that 
+they acknowledged the Divinity -of this Luminaiy* by 
+putting the Hand to the Mouth ; and this Codom was 
+likewife ufed towards other Gods, as we learn from 
+fever a! Authors. Mi nut ha Felix ridicules Cecilias, who 
+killed his’* Hand as he palled by the Statue or Seraph: 
+Crsczlha Stnulachtts Serapidis denotata, ut Valgus fuperftitiofiis 
+folet man urn on admo'vcns, Ofculum Labi is tznpreJJjt. Tn. 
+the lad Place we obferve, it was with a View to acknow¬ 
+ledge the Divinity of the Sun, that the-Pagans in Prayer 
+turned towards the Eaft, and had all their Temples di¬ 
+rected to that Quarter ;■ whereas th tjaua, .thatfhcy might 
+not imitate them, had always their SanCluaty towards the 
+Well.' The primitive Chriflians likewife ufed'to turn their 
+Chu?thes towards the* Ridng'Sun. not to adore that 
+Luminary, but to pay their Devotion to the Son of Righte- 
+.oufnefs, who diffufes Light over the Mind,. and warms 
+the Hearts of thofe who w.orlhip him, by the Influences 
+.of his Grace. 
+
+
+Who was Juba, and how came he to be made a 
+God? 1 # : ■ ' ^ • 
+
+si. TheJWtfciv,if Credit'nihy be given toshc Ancients, had 
+no other Gods but cheir Kings ; this is what we learn from 
+La lIo n tiu s+T cr.tu /// <v 7/, ’ a n d S t. Cypri/iii^'and, ’as tile two lad 
+were Afileans', their Tedimony ought to ’be* of great 
+WeigUV*: • The' fir'd J of 'them thus delivers diimfelf upon 
+the SubjeCl. 1 It \<tvas for - this Rcafoti'F fays he, that the 
+IVXo ors‘ ■ dt iftedj heir Kings Y\Iiac fcilicCei Ration? confer it- 
+
+
+-io\Vnh:ui zts particular CjiQu^* oy but* ''laya ht to them, 
+.Aft /rte 3 .-Ire (bin, its l > if arts', die People of PI or i arm their 
+.Oar leans ; the Africans their (%'lcjli s fund the il hors their 
+Kir.'/:;. Ainoiiw thefe deified Klims’ w;u die famous ''fuba, 
+
+* y O L*) ' 
+
+•’.is IV e icai’Il ho III Murat ms Felix. 'Juba made the Runar: 
+
+
+Senate 
+
+
+
+120 Hijtory of the Gods* Goddeffes* 
+
+Senate his Heir j as we learn from Salujl, Jugurtba was 
+
+natural Son of Juba, Who was worshipped as a God. 
+
++ m » 
+
+4>. How came Juno to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Juno was the Daughter of Saturn and Rhea, and 
+Sifter to Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto y Vejia and Ceres ; tlie 
+Greeks called her limply Hera, the Lady or Miftrefs, or 
+'Megale , the Great: Whereas, among the Romans , the 
+Name of Juno came from Junjans , helpful, and confe¬ 
+ct Uently had the fame Derivation with that of Jupiter, 
+Junjans Pater. Some' Countries contended for the Honour 
+of her Birth, efpedally Samos and Argcs , where ihe was 
+indeed honoured with a peculiar Worftnp. If we rely up¬ 
+on Homer, Ihe was nurfed by Oceanus and by Tcthys his 
+Wife ; but as there always is a vaft Variety as to thofe 
+ancient Traditions, fo there was one which imported that 
+Ihe had been brought up by Eubea Portymna, and Acrala, 
+the Daughter of the River After ion . Others again main¬ 
+tained,, that the Hours were entrufted with the Care of her 
+Education. 
+
+In the Time of the Titan Princes, it was a common 
+Cuftom for Men to marry their own Sifters ; and Jupiter , 
+by wedding Juno, only imitated the Practice of his Father 
+and Grand-father. His Marriage too was the Effett of the 
+warmeft Affe&ion : He had loved this young Princefs 
+from her Infancy, and had employed his Confident to a£t 
+for him*- who performed his Duty fo well as to gain her 
+to a Compliance. 
+
+The Ancients are not agreed as to Juno's Children, 
+Heftod in his Tbcogoy, after having told us that lhe was the 
+laft of Jupiter's Wives, for he had actually been married 
+before to Metis, Tbcnis , &c. that Author, I fay, gives 
+her four Children, Hebe, Venus, Luc in a , and Vulcan ; 
+thefe fame four Children, according to the Mytfiojpgifl’s, 
+had not all Jupiter for their Father. Apollo dor usgft? cs 
+this Goddefs only three Children, Hebe, IIlit hi a, and 
+Arge. Others add to thofe Mars and Typhon , It further ap¬ 
+pears, that the Mythologifts have alloerized thefe Genera¬ 
+tions ; lince they tell us,that this Goddefs conceived Hebe, 
+by eating Letrices j Mars by .touching a Flower ; and Ty- 
+pbojiby Means,of Vapours, which fhe made to arife from 
+the Earth* which Yapours lhe received into her Womb ; 
+
+My fteries 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the-Go&s? GoddefTes., &c. lit 
+
+Myfteries- of Nature, whereof it would be equally ufelefs 
+and unpra&icabietfc attempt an Explanation. 
+
+Of all the Divinities of the Pagan World, there was 
+none whofe Worfhip was fo folemn, and more uhiverfal 
+than that- of •Juno . The ; Hiftory of the Prodigies fhe 
+had Wrought* and-of the Vengeance fhe had taken upon 
+Perfons who-had flighted her, or who had in any fort com¬ 
+pared themfelves toher, had fo ftruck People, and infpired 
+them with fo much Awe and Dread, that no Means were 
+omitted to- appeafe-and mitigate her, when fhe was thought 
+to be offended; fo that Authorities are not wanting to 
+prove, that her Worfhip was ftill more folemn and more 
+expenfive than that of Jupiter himfelf. It was not con¬ 
+fined to Europe alone, but found its way into A ft a, efpeci- 
+ally into Syria, and into Egypt and other Parts of Africa. 
+
+. As fame particular Attribute was given to every God, 
+Juno- had for -her Share Kingdoms, Empires, and Riches ; 
+accordingly this is what fhe offered to Paris, if he would 
+adj udge to her the Prize of- Beauty. She was alfo believed 
+to have a particular Care of the Drefs and Ornaments of 
+Females; and*for this Reafon you feeher reprefented in her 
+Statues with her‘Hair elegantly adj ufled. Hence it came 
+to be a proverbial 1 Phrafc,- that the Attire-women prefented. 
+the Mirror Juno. • 
+
+• To this Goddef9 were given other Names and Surnames, 
+feme of them taken from-the Places where fhe was wor- 
+fnipped, and .others from fome Attributes that were pecu¬ 
+liar to her. In the firft Clafs we reckon that of Sarnia, be- 
+caufe the City Samos was diftinguifhed for the Worfhip ie 
+paid her; as may be feen in 'Virgil, EnciH, Book i. of 
+Imbrafia, from the River Imbrafus, which is in the famo 
+Ifland ; of Loxtnfc; from a Promontory in Itaiy, wher® 
+fhe had a Temple; Strabo, and Titus Linjius, Book v. giv® 
+the Defcription of this Temple, venerable - for its Sandli- 
+ty, and celebrated for the rich Prefents wherewith it wan 
+adorned . .Inctytuaauc Templnm di&itus etiatr., no?: tuntum 
+fun ft it ate fua, fays' the lad or thofe Authors. She had like- 
+wife the Names of Candarena, from a Town m Papblagc- 
+nia ; of'Citbetortia from the Mount Citbere^v ; of Reft in- 
+this, frorn-'a Mountain irr Tbran of that Name ; of Am- 
+tnetdarr, from an Altar that was erected to her Honour in 
+the 1 Sands of Lybia, in like manner as to Ju, iter Ammo?: ; 
+of Acriait, becaufc fhe was worlhipped at Aslope lit, ois 
+
+G in 
+
+
+
+122 Hiftory of the G ods, Goddeffes, &c\ 
+
+in the Fortrefsof Corinth ; of Albanus, becaufe fhe was 
+worihipped at Alba ; of Cypra , .a Name .'which, ilie had 
+upon the Coalts of Italy ; Dirphya, from the Mountain of 
+Dirphy ; of Gabia , from Galium, a Town in Italy ; of 
+Laccdetnonia, from Lacedaemon ; Qlympica from Olympia ; 
+Pelejgia , from the Pelafgi ; Pharygea , from Pharygis ; Pro- 
+Jymina, from an Angelic City 5 Telcbixia, from Pel- 
+chin is ; Tejlila, from a Town in Pletea. 
+
+Thofe of the fecond Sort are AEgipkage , becaufe they 
+ufed to facrifice to her Goats ; Adrian, becaufe ihe was 
+taken for the Air; Boopis, a Name given her upon ac^ 
+count of her large Eyes ; Capronia, which had the fame 
+Original with Sofpita, upon the account of the Skin and 
+Horns of the Goat which Ihe wore on her Head ; Equejlris 
+in Elis ; Itenochia , as you would fay, q.vho holds the Reins ; 
+Opigenea , becaufe Ihe was the Daughter of Ops or Rhea ; 
+Parthenos , or Virgin : They had a Notion that this God¬ 
+defs, by bathing herfelf every Year in the Fountain called 
+Canathes , which was at Nauplia, recovered her Virginity. 
+The Epithet of Telcfa , referred to the Time when me be¬ 
+came marriageable ; fhe was likewife denominated Chera , 
+the Widow, upon account of her Differences with Jupiter . 
+Paufanias calls her Prodromia , as much as to fay, Juno 
+over the Veftibles. 
+
+She was called Egeria and Natalis, becaufe fhe prefided 
+over the Day of the Nativity, as we learn from Tibullus, 
+
+Natalis J uno ! Sandies cape thurts accrros. 
+
+When fhe was taken for the Goddefs who prefides over 
+Marriage, fhe had the Name Juga and Pronuba , as it is 
+in Virgil, Eneid, Book iv. and under this Name fhe had 
+an Altar in the Street called Jugaria t The Epithet of 
+Pronuba had the fame Original, and all who entered into 
+Wedlock offered to her a ViCtim, from which they took 
+away the Gall and threw it behind the Altar. According¬ 
+ly fhe was the Goddefs whom they invoked in Marriage, 
+whence again fhe gpt the Surname of Damiduca , becaufe 
+fhe had the Care of conducting theSpoufes Home; of Unxia 9 
+Cinxia , and among the Greeks, of Gamelia and Zygia . 
+She was denominated Calendaris , becaufe the Calemis of 
+each Month were confecrated to her, and at that Time 
+Sacrifices were offered to her. Novella or Fehruata, be¬ 
+caufe the Pontif's paid her a peculiar Worfhip on the, 
+
+firft 
+
+
+
+Htjiory of the Gods, Goddefies, £sV. 123 
+
+firfi; Day of February. Quirt ta, under'which Name Dions - 
+Jius of Halicarnajfus informs us, Book ii. that a publick 
+Banquet was prepared for her in each Curza. Pliny fays, 
+that ftiehad a Temple adorned with fine Paintings under 
+the Name of Juno Ardia , and an Altar under that of Lu~ 
+cinia, where the Afhes that remained from the Sacrifice 
+continued immoveable, whatever Wind blew. Women.- 
+in Child-bed invoked her under the Names of Ophigenia , 
+and of Pepulcnia , which laft was given her on account of 
+the publick Prayers that were put up to her by the People. 
+That of Matuta , under which Hie had a Temple at Rome m 
+is well enough known from the Antiquaries : That Junv 
+Coi:fer<vatrix is reprefented by a Stage, in a Medal of 
+Sele?iius. "Juno, filled Mcnncta, had a Temple at Rome, and 
+{he is reprefented upon Medals with the Inftruments of 
+Cornage, the Hammer, the Anvil, the Pinchers, and the 
+Die, and the Lathi Word Moneta* Others however will 
+have it, that this Name comes from the Verb Motteo, / 
+wartr 9 adaeife, becaufc, a little before the Gauls befieged- 
+Rome, file had warned the People to buy a Sow big with. 
+Young ; which Etymology is fupported by Cicero's Author 
+rity : Junontm ill am appdlatem Monet am, a Mcr.cc, videl tea- 
+•verbe dcnoirinandum. Btinea, from one Bun tits, the.Son of 
+Mercury, who raifed a Temple to her at Corinth , as'is in 
+Pe.ufanicis. 
+
+What was the Caufe of June's Hatred again# the 
+Trojans ? 
+
+si. Jupiter enamoured of Thetis the Sifter of Lycomcdrs, 
+King of Segros, having learned from Prometheus, that, ac¬ 
+cording to the Oracle of Themis, the Child to be born of 
+that Princefs was to be more powerful than his Father, re- 
+figned her to Peleus the Son of E a cits. To make the Ce¬ 
+remonies of their Marriage the more folemn, all the Gods 
+were invited to it, none being excepted but the Goddefs 
+Di/eord. She, highly difobliged at this Affront, found 
+a Way fignally to be revenged, by throwing a golden Ap¬ 
+ple into the midft of that auguft Aftembly, with this In- 
+lcription, For the moft Beautiful . We mav eafily judge 
+there was none of die Goddefles, who did not lay claim 
+to the Pofleffion of a Prefent not fo confiderable for the 
+Matter of it, as for being made the Prize of Merit. How¬ 
+ever, they- were mofily fo equitable as to refign their Pre¬ 
+tentions to Juno, Minerva, and Pen us, T'hcic three God- 
+
+G 2 . defies 
+
+
+
+124 Hiftory of the Gods," Goddefies, &c. 
+
+defies forthwith demanded Judgment. The Affair was 
+of fo.delicate a Nature, and Jupiter himfelf, not daring 
+to decide the Controverfy, thought fit to fend them, under 
+the Conduct of Mercury, to Mount Ida , in Phrygia, to 
+have the Decifiou of a, Shepherd named Paris, in Repu¬ 
+tation for being a very competent, and at the fame time 
+a very equitable Judge in thofe Matters.. TheGoddefles 
+appeared before him in their gayeft Drefs, and we may 
+reafpnably conjecture, that they neglected no Art that 
+might fet off and give a Heightening to their Charms. 
+
+In order to gain the Good-will of their Judge, and en¬ 
+gage him each in her own Favour, they made him the 
+moll flattering Promifes. Juno, whofe Power extended 
+over all Thrones and Scepters, foothed him with the 
+ProfpeCt of immenfe Power and Riches, if he would ad¬ 
+judge the Prize to her. Minerva promifed him Virtue, as 
+the moil fubftantial Good ; and Venns affined him., that, if 
+he would decide in her Favour, ihe would make him 
+Matter of the fineft Woman in the World. Paris , put to 
+a Nonplus, and being determined not to pronounce Sen¬ 
+tence till he had fully examined into the Merits of the 
+Caufe, demanded of them a Condition, at which the 
+Modefiy of Juno and Minerva were at firfl: alarmed j but 
+what may that Sex be brought to, in order to difplay that 
+confcious Excellence which their Hearts are fo ardently fet 
+upon ? See Hygiuus, Ovid, Coluthus , &c. The Mack 
+Fable confirms what thofe Authors fay, as alfo a Medal 
+of Morel, reprefenting the there Goddeifes quite naked in. 
+the Prefence of their J udge. At length he pronounced in 
+Venus's Favour. She was actually the gre a teft. Beauty of 
+the three, and probably the Promife flic had made to him 
+was more to bis Tafle than either Riches or Virtue. 
+
+Afcer this Judgment Juno and Minerva wracked all their. 
+Spite upon. P«rij,fwbaring,. that they would take Vengeance 
+not only upon their J udge, but upon P riant r his Father, and 
+upon the 2 roj&t Empire, whofe Ruin was dp ter rained but he 
+minded • nothing, but the Promife madehim,, by. Venus . 
+Some time , after having ,occafion to go into .Greece, he Haiti 
+fame time, at Sparta, during the Abfenpe of M s nejc-us^y/hoai 
+the-Affairs of his Brother Hgamemnon had called tq» Argos, 
+aud, having captivated, the Heart .pf Helen , the greateft 
+Beauty of her Time, carried her off, and thereby kindled 
+
+
+
+Uijtory of the G ods, Goddefles, &c. 125 
+
+theWar of the Grecians againft the Trojans , to the Ruin, of 
+their City and Empire. » 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Juno ? 
+
+Otbniel , Caleb's Son in-law, ruled the Israelites; 
+Atnenopbis, King of Egypt ; Tanyas? King of Babylon ; 
+E'i rotas, King of Laccdemon ; Lyncreus , King of Argos j 
+Epopcus, King of S icy on ; Erichtbonius , King of Troy ; 
+Jupiter , King of Crete ; Hiram , the fifth Son of Saturn , an 
+excellent Phyfician who taught Ad fen lupins Phyfic, Apolh 
+Mufic, Hercules Aftronomy, and was Tutor to Achilles .. 
+
+lived in the Year of the World 2511.Before Chrilt 
+1489 Years, to which add 1750 makes 3239 Years fincc 
+her Time. No Poets, no Hiftorians as this Time. 
+
+.^Who was Jupiter, and how came he to be made a God? 
+
+A. Jupiter's true Name was Jou, that is to fay, Toujjg, 
+to denote not only, that he was the youngetf of Saturn' s 
+Sons, but alfo that he had diftinguilhed himfelf exceeding¬ 
+ly by hi. Exploits in his Youth. The Appellation of Fa¬ 
+ther, Eatery wa3 added afterwards, whence he was called 
+Joupateu, and with a little foftening Jupiter. Almoft all 
+Antiquity agree, that he was the Son of Saturn and of 
+Rhea. An Oracle, delivered by Caches and Terfcr, accord¬ 
+ing to Apollodorttsy Book i. having foretold his Father, that 
+one of his Sons fhould bereave him of his Life and Crown; 
+Or, according to otherAuthors, in confequenceof an Agree¬ 
+ment made with Titan's elder Brother, who had refigned 
+the Empire to him, but on Condition that he ftiould deftroy 
+all his Male IfTue, that the Succeflion might one Day come 
+to the. elder Line, he devoured them, that is, he took 
+away their Lives as they caine into the World. Vcfta his 
+eldeft Daughter, Ceres, June, Piute , and Neptune had 
+been devoured ; when Rhea, finding herfelf Pregnant, and 
+being defirous to.fave her Child, made a Voyage into the 
+Illand of Crete, where, having hid herfelf im a Cave called 
+Ditto, {he was delivered of Jupiter , whom {he gave to be 
+nurfed by two Nymphs of the Country named Adi'afto and 
+Ha, who were called the MeliJJa, that is, the Bees . Apollo - 
+dorus adds, that Rhea recommended the Care- of Jupiter 
+in his Infancy to the Cun f;s, who, dancing around the 
+Cave Ditto, and {hiking their Bucklers with, their Spears, 
+made Noife enough to hinder the Cries-of the Infant from 
+being heard. In the mean time that^Goddefs; to beguile 
+her Hu{band,who had heard of her being delivered, caafed 
+
+G 3 him. 
+
+
+
+3 2 6 Hfftory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+him to fwallow a Stone, which fhe had fwathed about, as 
+if it had been his Son. When he came to be of Years 
+he entered into an Aiiociation, fays jig- lioderus^wixh. Metis, 
+whofe Name imports For fight, to fignify that he difcovered 
+a great deal of Prudence in the future Condufi of his Life. 
+It was by the immediate Counfel of this Metis* that he 
+gave his Father S :turu a Potion tliat caufed him to vomit 
+up firtt the Stone he had fwallowed, and then all his Chil¬ 
+dren he had devoured. By this we may eafily fee, that 
+the Children were not killed, but kept Prifoners, and tliat 
+Jupiter obliged his Father to fet them at liberty. As 
+Pluto and Neptune were among his Sons, 'Jupiter joined 
+with them, made War upon his Father, and upon the 
+Titans his Relations. After this War had laded ten Years, 
+Terra foretold Jupiter, that he (hould gain, a compleat 
+Vi£lory over his Enemies, if he could deliver fuch of the 
+Titans, as his Father kept impriibned in Fartary, and pre¬ 
+vail upon them to fight lor him. He made the Attempt, 
+and, having dam Camfetheirs, the Keeper, refeued them, 
+from Prifon. In the mean while the Cyclops gave to Jupiter 
+the Thunder, which fince that Time has been his moft 
+common Symbol; to Pinto , an Helmet, and to Neptune the 
+Trident 5 with thefc Arms they vanquifhed Saturn ; and 
+after Jupiter* hadufed him precifely. in the fame Manned 
+as he himfelf had ufed his Father Uranus, he threw, him 
+down to the bottom cf Tart <?r//r,with the Titans, under the 
+Cuttody of Kocarotrxat hires, that is, with the Giant with 
+the hundred Hands, a Captain with, a hundred Men at his 
+Back; fo they might have made two hundred Hands if they 
+had pleafed. After this Victory the three Brothers, feeing 
+tftemfelves Matters of theWorld, divided it among them. 
+Jupiter had Heaven for his Share, Neptune the Sea, and 
+Pluto Hell. Xenophon reckons Chiron in the Number of 
+Jupiter 7 s Brothers, fince he was the Son,of Saturn by,an r 
+other Mother, whom he calls Nats, and Pliny and Ovid 
+Phyllyra. . - 
+
+Q, Who were Jupiter* Wives, and his Children l * . , 
+
+X. After the Overthrow of the Titans and Giants,,. Ju¬ 
+piter thought on nothing elfe but to make his Subjects hap¬ 
+py- According to Hefted he was feven times married, and 
+wedded fuceeffively Metis, Themis, Fury none, Ceres , Mne- 
+mofyne, hat one , and Juno, who appears to have been the 
+latt of his Wives. He had by his Wives and Miffrefles, 
+
+a 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Go ds, Gocldefies-, &V. ify 
+
+& great Number of Children. Jupiter, having had rer. 
+courfe to feveral Plots the better to cariy on his Gallantries, 
+this gave rife to fo many Transformations mentioned by 
+the Poets. Transformed into a Swine, he had Cajior and 
+Pollux 'by 'Lida, the Wife of Tyndarus; King of Sparta; 
+changed into a Bull Europa, the Daughter of Agenor 
+by Calijla, 1 Areas ; byNiobc, Pclafgus ; by Lardane , Sar-r 
+pedoi:;' by Aictnena, the Wife of Ampbitryo, Heracles ; by 
+Ant left, Anrphion and Zcfos ; by Darae,Perfcus ; by Jo<- 
+dcrmici, Deucalion ; by Carnethin, Daughter of Eukulus, Bri~ 
+
+' tornartiyi by the Nymp siSehytmidcs,. Me gar a ; by Prole .- 
+gent at, JHth'tlius, the Father of Endymion , and Memphis, 
+■who afterwards married Lydia ; by Teredia, Arccjilaus ; 
+by Oha,Co lax'; by Cyme, Cyrena ; by Elefira, Dardamu ; 
+by- ‘Thalia, the God Pali a ; by Garamentis, Hiarbas, 
+Phi teds and Pilumnus; by Certs, Proftrpinc ; by Mncviofyne, 
+for whom he had metamorphofed himielfinto a Shepherd, 
+the nine Mules ; by Juno, Mars; by Meta, Daughter of 
+Atlas, Mercury ; by Latova, Apollo, and Diana ;. by Dibne., 
+Venus ; by : Metis, Minerva ; by Selene, the Daughter of 
+Cadmus, Bacchus. 
+
+What were the Names given to Jupiter ? - - . 
+
+' A .• As Jupiter was the greateft Divinity of the Pagan 
+World, and was untverfally worfhipped from Egypt to the 
+Center of Spain, we need* not be furprifed at the great 
+Number of Names and Surnames, whieh were given him 
+by the various-Nations that had received hisWbrfhip, 
+The moft 1 ordinary Epithet applied to Jupiter was .that 
+of Optimist Maximus; he was 1 likewife ftiled, by the 
+Greeks and -Romans, Pater; Father , becaufe He was ac~ 
+counted-the T ather- - of ^ G ods and Men. • That of Krug fc 
+appropriated to-hira by Homer and Virgil, and the-Sacri¬ 
+fice 3 ’that were performed' at Lebadin, were offered- up 
+to him under die Title of Jupiter the 'King. ' The fame 
+Title is conferred 1 upon him twice by Xenophon m his Cero* 
+pedia . He was likewife called Almighty, as we fee in 
+Virgil and other Authors; the Epithet'Of Fi<3e>r, orfVi<3pri- 
+ous , was given him^ either becaufe de had - conqtfefed.the 
+Giants ^ittshsp or becaufe nbthjrtg’ ; thought; able 
+
+to refifb him ; As oft as they believed. they had received 
+any Benefit from r this God they deferred feme Cet^msfy 
+to him/ arid 'gaVe him ; ^-new'Name: Thusheyvks called 
+$ talar, becaufe - he Had flopped Army in idiot 
+
+G 4 Flight: 
+
+
+
+228 Hifiory of the Gods, GpddefTes, &c. 
+
+Flight. Mafcan'us, or in the Greek Language Jpomyjius, * 
+■which is of the fame Import, was his Name given him by 
+the Ei. ■ ns, in Memory of his having driven away the 
+■Files that molcftcd lit/ during a Sacrifice. He 
+was called FlvJh ius,quaji c< /rend-, becaufe he had-.brought ‘ 
+Aid to die Romans i<vJ, a frh,.d:, becaufe he had defeat¬ 
+ed their Enemies. Pijlor, because ofthe Tradition, that, 
+while ihe C. uh were befieging the, Capitol, he had 
+counfeUcd the Garrifon to make Bread of all the Corn 
+they had remaining, and throw it into the Enemy’s Camp, 
+to make them believe that they had aProfpc£l .of being 
+foon fupplied with Provifion, which Stratagem fucceeded 
+fo well, that the Enemies railed the Siege. : Lapis, from 
+the Stone which Saturn had fwallowed inilead of "Jupiter 
+himfelf, and in that Cafe he was confounded with the .God 
+
++ 9 l ¥ 
+
+* Terminus . This is what Cicero calls Jcvem Lapidf m jurarc - 
+Litterius or jpitcr, becaufe he was God. of Light,- as 
+shuns Geliius informs us, and this is. the Reafon of; that 
+God’s being taken for. the Air j Plauvius, becaufe in Time? 
+of great Drought they applied to him for Rain. It was from 
+this Motive that the Trajan s Army when reduced to Extrqr 
+mityof Thirfc, o.ccallojied by an cxceftive Drought, made a 
+Vow to Jupiter Plu'zhus, and in a Moment there . fell a 
+£7eat Quantity of Rain. He was called Pradator , becaufe 
+they confecrated to him a pf the Spoils, which makes 
+Virgt /, Eneid iii. fay, Ipfurr^uz tvzc—zzu-, in..pr<rdam, 
+partemgue Jcvem, Alio Trepanuckus, becaufe be preiided 
+over Triumphs. Hcjpitalb, becaufe he was.the God of 
+Hofpitality, as we learn from the Poet juR quoted ; and 
+this is the Name under which he was revered. Lycarus, 
+becaufe he. was believed to haveitransformed tycoon into 
+■aV/olf. He had other hjames given him, as Father of 
+the Gads, thegreatejt and beji j Ruler, Governor, and Others 
+denoting his .Sovereignty over the other Gods. ., He was 
+ililed Acr-tvus, as much as to fay, of the Promontory ; the 
+Inhabitants of Smyra adored him under this,Name on an 
+Eminence,as is to.befeen in two Medals publjflied by Span, 
+The Name of Lord of the Storms and Winds, Ftmpefta- 
+Juns patens , Ventorum patens, which occurs on feme In¬ 
+fer iption 3, as alfothatof Jupiter Serenus, agrees to that 
+God in fo far as he was phyfically the JEtbnu.. Jupiter 
+Dot lichcnius occurs on a hoe Marble, referred to by the 
+fame Span. The Names of Jupiter Ammon, Jupiter. Sera- 
+
+pis. 
+
+
+
+H'tftory of the Gods, Goddefles, f 3 c. 
+
+
+pis, and Jupiter Be his were alfo given him. 
+
+
+t src. 129 
+
+That 0 fjupi- 
+
+
+fpeak of In Mithrizs . There was a Number of others 
+that were derived* from the Places where he was* worship¬ 
+ped. Thus ’he was denominated CapitoJinus; from the 
+Temple which he had upon the Capitol 5 Olyentus, Aalyri - 
+us, DiR&us, Idcgusy becaufe the Mountains that bore thefes 
+Names, whereof the firft was in 'lhcjjaly, the fecond in 
+Crete, Were confecrated to him. tiodon&us, from the Ora¬ 
+cle of Dodotuz 5 Trcpbor.ius, for a like Reafon ; Mjlojtfits* 
+becaufe the People of thatName worfhipped: him in a par¬ 
+ticular Manher - y Ithamatus , under which Name he was 
+principally worshiped by the People of Meffcnia , : * in the 
+Place called llhenu 7. Another of his Names wds ha - 
+ryjpeus, becaufe he was worshiped at LaryJJa : Bantus', 
+from Census mEub^a ; Cithaercnius, from Mount Cithd;-* 
+ro'n iii Beotia. Cafius, from the Mountains of tharName*, 
+where he was worfhipped. There was one ofthemat the 
+Entrance to Egypt, from Arabia ; and the other in Syria. 
+
+Q. How did Jupiter govern the Subjects of his Domi¬ 
+nions ? 
+
+A. Such of the Ancients as had wrote tlie Hiffory of 
+Crete, praifed Jupiter highly for his Courage, his Pru¬ 
+dence, his Juftice, and other civil and military Virtues ; 
+and from thofe Hiftorians, whofe Works are now loft, thte 
+Greei Authors had taken the Accounts they give us of 
+that Prince. Not content to pafs for a Conqueror, we are 
+told, he would needs be alfo a Legiflator : Accordingly 
+he made juft and equitable Laws, which he took care to 
+fee obferved during his Life, by p^nifiling thofe who' did 
+not follow them. He rooted out the'pilfering Vagabonds, 
+who*were cantoned in 'Tbcfjaly , and in other Provinces of 
+Greece and, befidcs the Tranquillity which he procured 
+to his Subjects, he laboured for his own Security, lince he 
+had fixed his chief Refidence uponMount Olympias ,,which 
+is in Tbtffely, There ijt was chiefly he kept hitf Cbiift, 
+when Affairs of State did not. oblige him lo fre awky : 
+Happy! had he not fiilly’d the Glory of his A&ioita by 
+his too great Attachment to Pleafure. Hence fo many 
+amorous Intrigues, the Hiflory’ whereof is trail fniitted to 
+us under the Image of his Metamorpho&s, which fhews 
+
+G 5 • that 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+130 Tlifiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, £5? c. 
+
+*hat he left no Stone unturned to fucceed in. his Amours. 
+Thefe Pieces of Gallantry .put Just* So muchout of Hu¬ 
+mour, that fhe chearfully entered into a Confpiracy that 
+was formed againfi: him. However,, he quelled it as foon 
+as it came to light; and this was the lafl of his Exploits. 
+Oppreded. with Old-age he died in Crete , where his-Tomb 
+was for along time tobefeen near Gucj/us, one of the 
+principal Cities of this Ifland, with this Epitaph^ Here lies 
+'Zjzxiyn-vho 'vogs calleti Jupiter.. He lived to 1 zoYears,whereof 
+he reignedSixty-two. He diediyS Years before the Vulgar 
+JEra, to which add 1750,. makes 353oiince his Time. 
+
+i- 7 . Who were Contemporaries with Jupiter ? 
+
+A . Qtbnidy Caleb's Son-in law, governed the lfraelites 
+Amcnapbisy King of Egypt: Pctnyas y King of fiabylon ; 
+jpurotas, King of Laccda:mon ; Lynceus, King .of Argos ; 
+Spopeusy King of Sicy on, ; JZrichthoniuj, King of Troy ; 
+Cbiron T Jupiter s younger Brother, an excellent Phyfician, 
+who taught JEfculapius Phyfic, Apollo Mu fie, Mercury ■ 
+lAftronomy, and was Tutor to Achilles . No Poets, no 
+Hillorians at this Time.. 
+
+£>_. How came Jujlice to be made a Goddefs ? * 
+
+A, Tho’ in general the Greeks ZXid. Romans looked upon 
+*Tbcmis as the Goddefs of J^Jlice, as wc have faid in fpeak- 
+5 ng of that Goddefs, yet the latter had their Jufiice and 
+Equity befides, whom they represented in their Medal's 
+and on the Monuments that were confecrated to them ; the 
+one under the Figure of a Woman fitting with a Cup Tn 
+■one H<nd, and her Scepter in the other, as may be feen 
+an the Medals of Hadrian , and Alexander Mavimctts ? 
+Equity again, with a Sword in one Hand, and a Pair 
+of Scales in the.other. Farther, this Goddefs was con¬ 
+founded with Ajlr<ra, and with Pico, Aixjj, to whom we 
+have an Hymn under the Name of Orpheus , wherein the 
+Author, whoever he was, deflines Incenfe to-her. 
+
+t 
+
+Who was LaoAtium, and how came he to be made a 
+God ? 
+
+* 
+
+A. The $e£l of the Taofe appeared in China , near fix 
+hundred Years before Cbriji, that is, 2350 Years fince. 
+J.ao-kium is the Philofopher, by whom it was founded. 
+The Birth of this Man, if we may believe his Difciples, 
+was one of the moft extraordinary, being carried four and 
+twenty Years in the Loins of bis Mother, he opened'him- 
+
+fclf 
+
+
+
+Uiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, &c. 131 
+
+
+no 
+
+
+felf a Portage thro’ the Left-rtde, - ap'd occasioned the 
+Death of* her who' conceived him .• The Morale 'of• this 
+Philofopher came very near to'thofe of Ep icterus, '■ : and He 
+wrapped up his Phyiics in impenetrable Obfcurity: 1 take 
+more of ; them than what regards the CoimogOny, 
+Tao, faid he, or Redfon, produced one, one produced t*wd 9 
+<c two produced three , and three produced all Things” The 
+
+whole Happinefs of Man, according to this Philofopher, 
+confifted in that State of Mind which the Greeks called 
+Apathy a State wherein Man, diverted of Fear, and all tor¬ 
+menting Paffions, muft be free from Difquietude of every 
+kind ; and, as it is exceeding hard for one to get rid of the 
+uneafy Apprehensions of Death and Futurity, they who 
+made Profeffion of this Sett were additted to Magic and 
+Chemiftry + to Sind out*the Secret whereby he becaroe im- 
+mortal; prefuming they fliould be able to find it at length 
+by the Affiftances of the Spirits whom they invoked : 
+There were fbme of them who flattered themfelves with 
+
+
+that Difcovery, by means of certain Potions they ‘ niade 
+up; and more than one Emperor has tried the fruitlefs 
+Experiment. One, who is acquainted with the Temper of 
+Mankind, can eafily judge, that a Sett which railed-Such 
+flattering Hopes would very foon make Profelytes; ac¬ 
+cordingly it was embraced by feveral of the Mandarins , 
+who gave their Minds entirely to the Magic Art, which 
+is preferibed. But it made yet greater Advances among 
+the Women, naturally* curious, and extremely fond of 
+Life. In fine, the Author himfelf of the Sett was ranked 
+among the Gods ; a ftately Temple was eretted to him, 
+and the Emperor Hium-Tfong earned the Statue of this 
+new God to be brought into his Palace. 
+
+
+^ Who were the Lares, and’ how came they to be 
+made Gods ? 
+
+A.. The word Lar comes from the Tufcan Word Lars , 
+or Larfoy which Signifies Leader , or Conduftor. The Lares, 
+and Penates were the Guardians, and Protettors of Fa¬ 
+milies, and of the Goods of the Country. Every Man 
+and Woman had their particular Genius : There was one 
+alfo for every Houfe, for every City, and in general* for 
+the whole Country * : and while thofe of Men and Womeu 
+retained the TJame of Genii 9 thofe of Houfes were 
+■called Lares , and thofe of Cities and particular Places 
+- Penates ; though it J$ true however, that the two- laft 
+- G 6 were 
+
+
+
+-132 Hijioryof the Gods, Goddefies, 
+
+were often ccnfounded. with one .another The Ldreh 
+according to Ovid Fiji . Bookii. were the. Sons of Mercury 
+and Lara, the Daughter of Alvioti. The indifereet Lara, 
+having l etjuno into the Secret ,0 £ Jupiter. $ Gallantries, 
+that God cut out her Tongue,, and..ordered Mtrcu*y to 
+carry her to Hell. The di final State flic was in had not 
+<juite effaced all her Charms 5 her Conductor fell in Love 
+with her, and-had by her Twins, who were called -Lares ; 
+Ovid, in the Book before cited, fays. Fit qua ,gra<vis\ 
+
+pmity.qui com [at a fervent j Et vigilant nojird 
+
+Jlmper in a:d, Laris : So that in .Procefa of Time-, 
+the iarcs became the Guardians .of. the Streets and 
+Ways. Infcriptions favour the Opinion of Ovid, fmee 
+we find fome of them with thefe Words Lar. vialis, the 
+Lo, of the rh^h-vstis;. The molt common Place of the 
+PIoulhoM-gods, as we have it in St. 'Jirom, was behind 
+the Door, and it was believed that they banifhed from 
+thence, every thing pernicious* efpeciaily: the Lctnurcs 
+Cnii , who were only capable of doing Mifchief . The 
+Obligations which every one thought he owed to thcLarcj, 
+induced their Votaries to make frequent Libations to 
+them, and they even went the length ol Sacrifices. There 
+was in great Houfes one of ehe Domclticks apart for 
+the Service of thole Gods 5 Suetonius informs us, that Do - 
+
+had a Valet dc Chnmbre of this kind. : They were 
+alfo called Laris Publici, who had Care of the publick 
+Buildings: F inilia 7 'cs, 'thofe of private Houfes ; Viales , 
+thofe of the High-ways ; Compitales , thofe of the Crofs- 
+ways, &V. 
+
+LK Who was J^atona., and how came ihe to be made a 
+
+•Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Latona was the Daughter, of Casus, the Son of Titan 
+and Terra by Jupiter , born at Delos at the fame Time 
+with Apollo; fhe was the Mother of Diana . The haughty 
+Flic be, fays Ovid, Met. Bookvi.. grieved that Latona 
+fhould have religious Worfliip paid her, and that no 
+Altar was raifed to herfelf, tho’ byreafon of her Birth and 
+numerous Offspring fhe had a juft Claim to divine Honours, 
+run through the Streets of Thebes, to put a flop.to. the Sa¬ 
+crifices that were offered- to that Gcddefs. Latona , in 
+Revenge, implored the Aid of Apollo and Diana, who, 
+having found in the neighbouring Plains of that City, 
+
+'JThbi s Children, who were there performing their Ex- 
+
+ercifes;. 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, ijq 
+
+ercifes, flew them with their Arrows. The Arrows of Apollo 
+were the Sun-beams. To Apollo were always attributed 
+fudden and untimely Deaths. Of this we* find an hun¬ 
+dred Examples m Hamer ; whenever that .roet 'Ipeaks 
+of any Death of that kind, he never fails to aferibe it to 
+Apollo, or to Diana ; with this Difference, that ho imputes 
+to the G 6cl "thole of the Men, and to Dtona thofe of the 
+Women-. I have faid fo much of Latona in Apollo Diana, 
+and Jupiter, that there needs- no mote to be faid of this 
+Goddeis here. 
+
+« f 
+
+l 
+
+How came Liberty to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. This' is not to be thought llrange. of, becaufe .they 
+deified every Virtue, as. Clemency , Concord, JuJlicc, 'Mer¬ 
+cy, Piety, 1 Mode fly. Prudence, JfTfdom, ‘Truth , Liberty , 
+.and many others. A People that idolized Liberty fo much 
+.as the Romans did, could not chafe but make a Divinity 
+of her, and confecrate to her Temples and Altars. Ac¬ 
+cordingly this Goddefs, who was invoked in order to prC- 
+ferve* that, fame Liberty, which was owing to die 
+-Extinction of the Regal Powers, had feveral of Ihemih the 
+.City. Ciciru makes mention of one of thofe Temples : 
+Publius Vi£lor built one upon the ^jantinc Mount, with 
+a Veilible, which was called the Veftible of Liberty. The 
+Ancients, who frequently fpeak of this Veilible, have not 
+informed us to what Ufe it was defHned. But we may 
+fuppofe, that the publick Sales were made there as in 
+the others. Titus Li*vius, fpeaking of the Temple which 
+Tiberius Gracchus had confecrated to the fame Goddeis, 
+fays, the Columps thereof were Bronze, and that it con¬ 
+tained feveral very fine Statues. When Czeero fet out in 
+his Exile, Publius Clodius , his Perfecutor, confecrated the 
+Houfe of that great Man to Liberty. In lliort, Dion . informs 
+us, that the Romans by a publick Decree railed a Temple 
+to the fame Goddefs,in Favour of Julius Cacfar : An Action 
+very worthy of thofe degenerate Remans, to raife a Tem¬ 
+ple inHonour of him who made them lofe the Remains of 
+that valuable Prerogative, which Marius and Sylla had 
+flill left them, and whereof till then they had been al¬ 
+ways jealous. 
+
+How came Lucina to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A . Lucina was the Daughter of Jupiter and Juno, one 
+of the Divinities of Marriage, and ofWomen with Child ; 
+
+both 
+
+
+
+*34 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddeiles, &c. 
+
+both Juno, Diana, and Luna go under the Name of 
+Luc in a. \Terence r Andr. i. 15. Juno Lucina,fer opem, fer - 
+<va me, obfecro . 
+
+How came Mannus to be made a God ? 
+
+A. Mannus was the Son of the God Punifion, who de¬ 
+rived his Original from the Earth, of whom the Germans 
+are defcended. This Mannus had three Sons, who gave 
+their N ames to the Ing^te'vones, Hermiones and the Ijhcnjones, 
+to whom were alfo joined, the Marfi, the CamhervH, the 
+Swevi 9 and the Vandals. ikT<r?777/&jfignifies in the Language 
+of the Country, a Man . T0 him by the Germans was 
+
+Worfhip paid, and Sacrifice offered. 
+
+* 
+
+How was Marta or Mania madea Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Mana, or Mania , prefided over the Maladies of 
+Women, and young Whelps were offered to her in Sacri¬ 
+fice, as we learn from Pliny ; Genit^r Man& catulos res di - 
+•vina fit . Plutarch, afks the Reafon, why thefe young Dogs 
+were offered to this Goddefs ? Pliny fcems to anfwer this 
+Quefbon, faying, that the Flefh of thofe Animals was 
+reputed fo pure, that it was offered to the Gods in Sacri¬ 
+fice, and that the Dogs Flefh was made ufe of in the Re- 
+pills prepared for the Gods. St. Augufiin , Book of the 
+City of God iv. ch. ii. calls this Goddefs Marta , and the 
+moft known Mythologiffs confound her with that Mania 
+the Mother of the Gods Lares , to whom Macrobins , Sat. 
+Book i. ch. 7. fays, young Children were facrificed, to 
+make her propitious to the Family of thofe who offered 
+that barbarous Sacrifice. 
+
+How came Mercury to be made a God ? 
+
+A- Of all the Gods of the Pagan World, none bad (6 
+many Employments and Occupations as Mercury. The 
+Greeks called him Hermes , which fignifies Interpreter, or, 
+according to Proclus,MiJfienger. His La/;>Narae, if we may 
+believe Fefius, came from a Worddignifying Merchand, or 
+rather Merchandize, Mcrcuriiis y a Mercibus^ Interpreter, 
+as he was, and faithful Minifter of the Gods, and of 
+his Father Jupiter; in particular he fervedthe'm with inde¬ 
+fatigable Zeal,cven in Employments not very honourable. 
+It was he that had the Charge of condu&ing the Souls 
+of the Dead into infernal Regions, and of bringing them 
+back. He was, befides this, the God of Eloquence, 
+and of the Art of fpeaking w ell ; the God of Travellers, 
+
+Mer- 
+
+
+
+Hi (lory of the Gods, Goddefies, &c. 135 
+
+Merchants, and even of Thieves and Pick-pockets. He 
+adted as Ambaflador and Plenipotentiary of die Gods, and 
+was concerned in all Treaties of Peace and Alliance. Some¬ 
+times he was feen accompanying Juno, either as her 
+Guard, or to watch over her Conduft. Sometimes Ju - 
+fiter fends him to condudl an Intrigue with fome new 
+Mi ft refs. Here you have him tranfporting Caflor and 
+Pollux to Palcne : There accompanying Pluto's Chariot, 
+when he carries off Proferpina: The Gods non-plufled 
+with the Differences arifen between the three Goddefles 
+about Beauty, fend him along with them to the Shepherd 
+Paris. Mythologiffs reckon more Mercuries than one. 
+La 3 antius, the Grammarian, enumerates four of them; one 
+the Son of Jupiter and Mata ; the fecond of Ccelus and 
+the Day ; the third of Liber or Bacchus, and Proferpina ; the 
+fourth of Jupiter and Cyllene , who flew Argcs, and fled for 
+it, fay the Greeks , into Egypt, where he communicated to 
+the Egyptians the Knowledge of Letters. He whom moft 
+of the Ancients acknowledge, and to whom the Poets at¬ 
+tribute all the Actions that pafs under the Name of Mer¬ 
+cury, is the Son of Jupiter and Mai a ; it is to him chiefly 
+that Temples were built, Altars and Statues fet up. 
+Cicero reckons five of them, <c one the Son of Ccelus and 
+tc the Day ; another. the Son otValciis and Phoronis; its 
+C6 he who dwells under the Earth, and is,called Tropbom- 
+te us. The. third is the Son of Jupiter and Mai a : This 
+“ Jupiter is the third in the Order of thofe that are reck*- 
+<f oned'. It is of this Mercury and Penelope, that Pan is 
+“ fai'd to have been born. The fourth is the Son of Ni- 
+<c /ajywhom the Egyptians think it a Crime to Name. The 
+“ fifth whom the Phene ales w or (hip, who is faid to have 
+“ {lain Argus, and for that Reafon to have obtained the 
+“ Egyptian Empire, and given Laws to the Egyptians, 
+“ and'the Knowledge of Letters.” He invented the Lyre, 
+to. which he.gave three Strings, in. Alluflon to the three Sea- 
+fons of. the Year- For thefe three Strings giving three 
+Sounds^ the Grave, the Sharp, and the Mean; the Grave 
+anfwers to Winter, the Mean, to Springy and the Sharp 
+to Summer. 
+
+Mercury, the Son of. Jupiter and Mai a, the Daughter 
+of Atlas, became famous among the Titan Princes. Af¬ 
+ter his Father’s Death, Italy fell to his Lot, with the Gauls 
+and Spain, where he reigned abfolute after the Death of 
+his Uncle- Pluto 5 and the Mauritania, after that of His 
+
+Grand* 
+
+
+
+13 6 Htftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, £z?r. 
+
+Grand-father Atlas. He was a Prince of great Artifice^ 
+Cunning, atid Liflimulation. He travelled more that! 
+once into Egypt, to inform himfelf into the Manners and 
+Cuftoms of that ancient People,and learn their Theology, 
+but above all. the abominable Science of Magic, which 
+was then in vfcry great Vogue, and wherein he himfelf 
+afterwards excelled ; accordingly he was reckoned the 
+great Augur and Soothfayer of the Titan Princes, who 
+were perpetually cotifulting him. Jupiter himfelf in his- 
+Life-time had often employed him. in that Science. And 
+this is what had giVen the Poets a handle to make him. 
+the Interpreter of the Gods. 
+
+Jupiter likewifc found great Advantage from the Elo¬ 
+quence of this young Prince, having employed him in 
+feveral Negotiations during the Wars, which'he had with 
+the Princefs of his Family, delegating him to feveral 
+Places to treat with them ; and this, ho doubt, is what 
+made him pafs for the Meflengcrof the Gods. As he fre¬ 
+quently reconciled them to one another, he was taken for 
+the God of Peace and Alliance. Add to this, that he 
+contributed not a little by the Force of his Eloquence 
+and the Politencfs of his'Manners,to cultivate the Minds of 
+his People, to make them docile, uniting them, together 
+by Society and Commerce, and curbing Vice by wife and 
+fevcrc Laws. To him is aferibed the Invention of all the 
+fine Arts, of the Lyre, of Medicine, Letters, Mufic, 
+Commerce, Wrefilling. Magic, and feveral other Arts. 
+In fine, we may fay, no Prince ever gained greater Re¬ 
+putation for excellent Qualities, nor was more beloved 
+Dy his People than he. 
+
+As for the great Number of Hooks written by Mercury 
+upon Theology, Allronomy, and Medicine, Mar - 
+Jbam aferibes them to the fecond Mercury , the Son of 
+Pulecui. who, according to Eufebius, in his Chroiu lived 
+a little after Mofcs , that is, about fifty Years after the lfra - 
+elites came out of Egypt. Thefe Hooks, according to 
+CL mcr.s Akxaclrintis, were to the Number of fojjty two ; 
+it was impoflible for the Egyptians to edrry their Venera¬ 
+tion for them higher than they did. They were carried 
+in their Proceffions with a great deal of Ceremony and 
+ReipeCL Fir ft of all appeared the Charter,, who had two 
+of them in hisHands‘,one containing the Hymns in Honour 
+of the Gods, and the other Rules according to which 
+
+Iiings 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, GoddefTes, £s 9 c. 137 
+
+Kings were to govern. Next came the Horofcopus , this is 
+the N ame given by Clemens of Alexandria to that Minifter, 
+who carried the four Books of Aftronomy, one treating 
+of the fixed Stars, another, of the Eclipfes of the Sun ana 
+Moon, and the two Iaft of the Rifing of thefe two Lumi¬ 
+naries. Then appeared the facred Scribe with ten Books 
+that treated of Cofipography, Geography, the Defcriptioti 
+of the Nile, &ti&£rThen followed the Stoli with other 
+ten Books upon.the Subje&s of Religion, namely, Sacrifices^ 
+Prayers, FeftivaL Days, &c. The Prophet came up 
+after likewife with ten Books, which were named facer- 
+dotal, and treated of the Laws of the Gods, and of 
+ecclefiaftic Difcipline. Thus, concludes the Author 
+now quoted, there were forty-two Books in all, whereof 
+thirty-fix comprehended all that belonged to the Egyptian 
+Philofo'phy, and the other fix regarded Medicine, and 
+treated of Anatomy, Medicaments, of the Difeafes of the 
+Eyes, of thofe of Women. Mercury , the Son of yupiter 9 
+and Mdia , died in Egypt* Others think he ended his Days 
+in Spain, where his Tomb was even to be feen. Se» 
+Den Pezron Arte dc In Langus dez Ciltes. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Mercury ? 
+
+A. Mercury lived, in the Year of the World 2^31. Bei 
+fore Cbrijl 1369Years, to which add 1750 makes 3119 
+Years fince his.Time. 
+
+•In his Time Deborah and Barak governed the lfraelites\ 
+Chalaosy King of Babylon Pandion the fecond. King of 
+Athens ; Niobc, King of Phrygia ; C/*p«,King of B cacti a $ 
+Cynertas , King of Lacedermon 5 Alcaus , King of Argos 
+AJfaracus , King of Prey. No Poets, no Iiiflorians at thj* 
+Time. 
+
+( 
+
+3 s How was Mercy made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. We learn from Pau fortes, in his Attics , the NatntJ 
+of this Goddefs,, which we may. render by thofe fynqni-' 
+moils Terms Indulgence, Cofr.pajjior, Pity . ' The ’Life of 
+Mercy, fays he, is obnoxious to fo many Hardfhips and 
+Sufferings* that this Goddefs deferves to be in the higbeft 
+Efteem : All Nations of the World fhould offer-sacrifice 
+to her, becaufe they all ftand in need of her. All that 
+we farther know about her is, that fhe had an Altar at 
+Athens , -which the Author, now quoted, calls, 
+
+The Etonians gave the Name o t -AJylum to the Tempter 
+
+which 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+Hiftcry of the Gods, Goddefles, £!stV. 
+
+which they had erefted to this Goddefs ; as alfo the Gm£j» 
+as we learn from Servius and Statius. 
+
+4 
+
+. 4 J. How was Minerva made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Cicerc, in his of the Nature of the Gods, B. iii, 
+col. 102. finds fire Goddeffes of this Name} one' Minerva; 
+the other the Mother of Apollo ; another the Offspring of 
+Nilusy and worfhipped at Sals, a Town in' Egypt ; a third 
+was the Daughter of 'Jupiter; a fourth, born of Jupiter and 
+Coryphe, the Daughter of Ocec.nus, named, by the Arcadi¬ 
+ans, Corea , to whom is owing the Invention: of Chariots, 
+drawn by four Horfes ; a fifth, who is pictured with wing- 
+ed Shoes, was the Daughter of Pallas* St. Clemens of 
+Alexandria , who of all the Fathers was beft acquainted 
+with profane Antiquity, and had read a great Number of 
+Authors,whofe Works are now extant, admits alfo five Mi- 
+nerva's, but as to their Parents he differs fomewhat from 
+Cicero : The firft, fays he, was Athenian , and the Daughter 
+of Vulcan ; the fecond Egyptian, the Daughter of Nilus ; 
+the third, the Offspring of Saturn, invented the Art of War j 
+the fourth, the Daughter o fJupiter ; the lad was the Off¬ 
+spring of Pallas and ‘Titanic, the Daughter of Oceanus . 
+
+What firft occurs here is the Mydery of this Goddefs’a 
+Birth. Jupiter , we are told, after the War of the Titans, 
+being now, by the Confent of the other Gods, Lord of 
+Heaven and Earth, married Metis, who was accounted 
+the wife ft of her Sex ; but when fhe was ready to be de-» 
+livered, having learned from Genius, that fhe was to bring 
+forth a Daughter of confummate Wifdom, and a Son who 
+was fated to be one DaySovereign of the Univerfe, he de¬ 
+voured her ; and fome time after, feeling a violent Painlfl 
+his Head, he applied to Vulcan, who with a Stroke of his 
+Ax cleft his Brain afunder, whence fprung Minerva in 
+compleat Armour, and already full grown, in fo much 
+that fhe was in a Capacity to afiift her Father in the War 
+with the Giants, where fhe highly diftinguilhed herfelf. 
+Jupiter, according to fome Authors, was already married 
+to. Juno ; and what made him think of bringing forth 
+Minerva was Juno* s Barrennefs. This Fiction has always 
+appeared myfterious, and very different Explanations of 
+it have, been offered. Some of the learned Moderns have 
+been of Opinion,that it veiled fome of the fublimeft Truths 
+in Philofophy,. and even the Myftery of that Word ?.oyoe % 
+
+whereby 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 139 
+
+Whereby all Things were created ; that is to fay, the eter¬ 
+nal Ideas in the divine Mind, which had been the Model 
+of whatever omnipotentWifdom brought into Being; that 
+the tremendous Egis given her by the Poets,which no other 
+God but herfelf was able to carry, was intended to figure 
+her being in Power with her Father, and that her being 
+called the Goddefs of Arts and Sciences was only a figura¬ 
+tive Way of faying, {he was the Intelligence of her Father ; 
+in fine, that the JReafon of confecrating to her the Owl, 
+the Serpent, and the Cock, was to denote her Vigilance, 
+and to teach us that true Wifdom is eternally awake. The 
+Poets fay, that they had all this from Mercury Trifmegtjlus, 
+that celebrated Author,who feems to have difcovered the 
+My fiery of the Trinity; but there is too much Reafon to 
+think that the Poets borrowed thofe Ideas from the Books 
+of Mofes, the Knowledge whereof was brought to Greece 
+by Colonies from Egypt, and other neighbouring Nations; 
+and that a confufed Idea of the eternal Word was the 
+Foundation of the Fables relative to his Subjects ; as fine 
+Arts are the Production of the Mind, it was to fay, juft that 
+Hie fprung from the Brain of 'Jupiter . Valias,Minerva, and 
+Athene, among the Greeks , were but one and the fame Di¬ 
+vinity, with this foie Difference,that Minerva was properly 
+the Goddefs of Arts and Sciences ; and Pallas , who had 
+got her Name from the Giant Pallas her Father, was Ihc 
+who prelided over War,whence Hie is fometimes confound^ 
+ed with Bellona , of which Goddefs I (hall fpeak - after 
+Mars . 
+
+. Several Cities were diftinguHhed for the Wor{hip they 
+paid to Minerva ; amongft others, Rhodes and Athens ; 
+but in that Jais rivalled all the Cities in the World; there 
+this Goddefs had even a magnificent Temple, whereof 
+you may feetheDefcription, Herodotus, Book ii. Athens, or 
+rather the ^/^A7//<2«j,dedicated to her a magnificent Temple 
+under the Name of Parthenos, the Virgin . Phidias adorn¬ 
+ed it with .a Statue of Gold and Ivory, which was a 
+Mafter-piece,_ But what made the Worfbip of Minerva ftill 
+more ifoletan, was theFellival the Athenians celebrated to 
+her Honour, thePomp whereof invited Spectators from all 
+Greece . jFor her Sacrifices every Village of Attica was 
+obliged to fumilh an Ox, and on the Remains they kept a 
+public Feaft. To the Exercifes and Sacrifices were added 
+a Procefiion, in which the Peplus of Minerva was car¬ 
+ried about. This Peplus was a white Robe with¬ 
+out 
+
+
+
+’^4° Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+Out Sleeves, and all worked with Gold, on which werfc 
+reprefen ted the Combats and great Atchievements of Mi- 
+uerva, Jupiter, and the Heroes. In this Proceflion were 
+joined People of all Ranks and Ages, and of either Sex 
+with this Diftindlion, that the Youths led up the Rear ; 
+the old People carried an Olive Branch in their Hands, 
+the young \ irgins Bafkets, and the blooming Boys crown¬ 
+ed with Millet fung Hymns known by the Name of 
+Patau:, while thofe whom they called Rapfodifls recited 
+the Verfes of Hr./,i:r : The Proceflion advanced from the 
+dcmuiicus , to the Temple of Ceres CleuJijia. This Pep las 
+was faftned to a Barge which was moved along by Machi¬ 
+nery ; Antiquity makes mention of the Quarel and Con- 
+teft between the Goddefs and Neptune, .about giving a 
+Name to the City of Athens. The twelve great Gods 
+were chofen Umpires of the Difference, and agreed that 
+the one who produced a Thing of molt Ufe to the City, 
+fhould have the naming of it. Neptune, with a Stroke of 
+his Trident, made a Horfe fpring from the Earth ; and 
+Minerva produced an Olive-tree, which procured her the 
+Victory, and accordingly fhe gave the Name Athnn to 
+the City of Cecrops. Fathc xPeurmcjnenereus, in his Journal of 
+Trevaux, January 1708, hath explained this Fable. The 
+ancient People of Attica, fays he, the Pofterity of Cethin, 
+a favage and furious Race, dwelt only in Caves, and 
+minded nothing but hunting. The Pelafgi , who made 
+themfelves Mafters of their Country, taught them the Arfc 
+of Navigation, and made Pirates of them. Cecraps, a Na¬ 
+tive of Sais in Egypt , led a Colony thither, abolifhed the 
+barbarous Manners of that People, taught them to cul¬ 
+tivate the Ground, and to propagate Olives, for which, 
+the Soil was proper, whence, fays he, Sals, derived its 
+Name : He taught them likewise to worfhip Minerva-, 
+who was called Athens, highly adored at Sais, and to 
+whom the Olive-tree was confecrated. The Athenians, 
+from that Time looked upon that Goddefs as the Pro- 
+te&refs of their City, and called it after her Namei 
+Athens became famous for its excellent Oil, the Profits 
+that accrued from thence fuggefled a Projctt of reclaming 
+the People from Piracy : The more effe&ually to promote 
+this Deflgn, they invented a Fable (which was the ancient 
+Way of propofing any Thing to the Populace) wherein 
+
+Neptune was fuppofed to have been overcome by Minerva, 
+
+\yho. 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, GoddelTefs, &?c. *4* 
+
+* 
+
+who, even in the Judgment of the great Gods, had made 
+a more ufeful Difcovery than Neptune. Minerva derived. 
+Names either from her Qualities, or the Places where lhe 
+was worfhipped 5 that of Atalcomenc * given her by Homer , 
+was derived, according to fome, from the Name of him 
+who ereCted her Statue, or, according to others, from her 
+giving Afiiftance to her Favourites, as to Hercules, whofe 
+great ProfeCtrefs lhe was again ft Juno ; and it. was, ac¬ 
+cording to Paufasiias, in the Attitude of a Woman ready 
+to defend that Heroe. She was reprefented by the Mega- 
+rear.s in the Statue of her which lhe had placed in the 
+Temple of Olympian Jupiter. She was called Mu/ica, or 
+the Mufician, a Name given her from the Statue of her 
+which Dejjiciriui made, where Serpents of the Gorgon , 
+when.they were ftruck, refounded like a Lute : The Name 
+of Tritonia, or Trillcgenia came from the River 'Triton , 
+near which lhe was born, and where lhe had been fcen 
+for the fir ft time ; that of Gigantopbontis , from the Aid. 
+. lhe had given Jupiter again ft the Giants 5 that of Par- 
+tbenia , becaufe lhe preferved her Virginity ; that of C<nfia % 
+becaufe lhe was. blue-eyed : She was called Jppia, that ia 
+to fay, the Female Cavalier, and then lhe was taken, for 
+the Daughter of Neptune ; Stetbenias or Robujl , Pclinches 
+or Polios , as you would fay, the Patronefs of the City $ 
+under the fame Name lhe had a Statue at Athens , accord¬ 
+ing to Strabo, all of Ivory, done by Phidias : She bore 
+likewife the fame Name in other Cities where lhe was fpe- 
+cially worftiipped : She was alfo called Ellotcs, for Rea- 
+fons given in the Hiftory of Europa; Coriphagena , be¬ 
+caufe lhe fprung from Jupiter' s Brain ; this Epithet is given 
+to her by Plutarch ; She was denominated Lydia , from 
+the.City of; that Name, in the Ifiand of Rhodes; Ergancj 
+or the Inventrefs, becaufe to her was aferibed the Inven¬ 
+tion of feveraL Arts lince, belides that of the Art of 
+War. Lucian afcribesi to her that of Architecture, the Ait 
+of Sinning, of making Cloth, Tapeftry, Silk and Wool¬ 
+len Stuffs, are alio aferibed to her by the Ancients. Ii* 
+fine,'file, was reckoned the fir ft who had taught to plant 
+and cultivate the Olive : She is alfo honoured with the In¬ 
+vention of Chariots, and of the Uie of Trumpets and the 
+Flute,- ,&e. 
+
+; Who were Contemporaries with Minerva? 
+
+A, She, who was the Daughter of Jupiter, lived in the 
+
+Year 
+
+
+
+142 Hijiory of the G ods, Goddeffes, &c. 
+
+Year of the World 2220. Before Chrift 1780 Years, to 
+which add 1750 makes 3550 Years fmce her Time. Mi- 
+nernja, the Daughter of Jupiter , her Contemporaries were 
+Othniel, Caleb's Son-in-law, governed the f/r a elites s Arne- 
+nepis, King of Egypt ; P any as. King of Babylon ; Eurotas, 
+King of Lacedcinon ; Lyncarus, King of Argos ; Epopeus, 
+King of S icy on ; Erichtbonius, King of Troy ; Chiron her 
+Uncle, an excellent Phyfician, taught AEfculapius Phyfic, 
+Apollo Mufic, Mercury Aftronomy, and was Tutor to 
+Achilles . No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+9 . Who was Mars , and how came he to be made a 
+
+Gcxf? 
+
+A . Mars , called Arcs by the Greeks , was, according to 
+Homer's Iliad, Book i. and the other Greek Poets, the Son 
+of Jupiter and Juno ; it is only among the Latin Poets we 
+find the'ridiculous Fable fetting forth, that Juno , to be 
+avenged on Jupiter for having got Mincr*va without her 
+Concurrence, had conceived Mars by touching a Flower 
+in a Meadow, which the Goddefs Flora had (hewed her ; 
+a Fi&ion unknown to mod of the Ancients, and which 
+probably had only an allegorical Meaning, which it would 
+be very needlefs to dive into ; or which was invented, as 
+Boccacc , in his Genealogy of the Gods, Book xix. fays, it 
+was only upon Account of Mars's ferocious Charafter, 
+whom (he could not conceive to be the Son of fo polite a 
+Prince as Jupiter. It is true, Apollo hr us fays, in his Bib¬ 
+liotheca, that Juno brought forth Mars without the Affif- 
+tance of a Man; but he fays nothing of the reft of the 
+Fable. Whatever be in it, Lucian , in his Dialogue of the 
+Dance , informs us, that Ju?zo gave the young Mars to be 
+educated by Priapus , who, according to the fame Author, 
+was one of the Titans, or of the Id<ea Daclyli ; who taught 
+him Dancing and other Exercifes, as the Preludes of War ; 
+and that of a ruftic and clumfy God he made him a great 
+Captain. The Bythenians, adds he, tell us, that this was 
+the Reafon why the Tithe of the Spoils confecrated to 
+Mars , ufed to be offered to Priapus. If we would fully 
+unravel the Hiftory of this God, we muft diftinguifh fc- 
+veral Princes.of his Name : The firft, to whom Diodorus 
+attributes the Invention of Arms, and the Art of marfhal- 
+ing Troops in Battle, is undoubtedly Be/us, whom the 
+Holy Scripture calls Nimrod, that mighty Hunter before the 
+
+lord* 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the G ods, Goddefles, &£* 14$ 
+
+Lord. Genefis, Chap. v. who, after having pradlifed his 
+Skill upon wild Bealls, turned it againft Man ; and, having 
+fubdued a great Number of them, declared himfelf their 
+King : Jujtin afcribes to Ninus, and the Chronicle o£ Alex¬ 
+andria to ibut as, one of his Defendants, what Diodorus 
+Siculus fays of Belus . We learn from Hyginus, Fable 279 5 
+that the Name of Belus was given to that ancient King, 
+becaufe he was the fir# who waged War with Animals, 
+Belus, a Belluis . The fecond Mars was an ancient King 
+of Egypt. The third was King of Thrace, named Odin , 
+who ilgnajized himlelf fo much by his Valour and Con- 
+quefts, that he was promoted by that warlike People to 
+the Honours of being their God of War, and this is he 
+whom they call Hyperborean Mars : This undoubtedly is 
+he whom Paufanias , in his Laconics makes to have been 
+nurfed by a Thracian Woman, named Thero 9 who was per¬ 
+haps his Mother. The fourth is called the Mars of Greece, 
+furnamed Ares.. The fifth and laft is tjie Mars of the La¬ 
+tins , who entered into the Prifon of Rhea Sylvia, and be¬ 
+gat upon her Romulus and Remus : And this was Amulius 
+Numi tor's Brother. In fine, the Name of Mars was given 
+to moft warlike Princes, and every Country valued itfelf 
+on having one, as well as a Hercules. Accordingly we find 
+pne among the Gauls under the Name of Hc/us, and that 
+ancient People, if w.e may believe Lucan , and after him 
+Lallan tins, facrificed to him human Victims. We find 
+him alfo among the Scythians, who have honoured him 
+under the Figure of a Sword ; and among the Perjians , 
+under the Name of Orion, who, if we may credit Voffius 
+pf Idolitry. Book i. Chap. 16. was the fame with Nim¬ 
+rod, whole Name was changed at the Time of his Deifi¬ 
+cation ; in fine, Julian the Apoftate makes mention of a 
+Mars of Edejja, furnamed Axi/us. The Greeks threw into 
+the Hiftory of their Mas the Adventures of all thofe I 
+have now named : What we know particularly concern¬ 
+ing him is the Adventures that happened to him with 
+Allircitus , the Son of Neptune , That young Prince, as 
+we learn from Aycllodorus , in his Bibliotheca , Book iii. 
+Paufanias, Demojltbencs , and Plutarch, being in love with 
+'Alcippe, the Daughter of Mars, but not being able to gain 
+her Affection, offered Violence to her, which fo highly 
+incenfed her Father againft the prelumptuous Youth, that 
+he put him to death. Neptune, enraged for the Death 
+
+
+
+^44 Hifiory of the Gods, GoddefFes, &c- 
+
+«jf his Son, had Mar? fummoned to Judgment, and the 
+^raveft Athenians being aflfembled upon fo ferious an Af- 
+iair, declared' him. innocent, and acquitted him in the 
+ufual Manner. ThePlace, where this famous Judgment 
+"was pronounced, was called Areopagus, a Name formed 
+from that of Mars, named. Arcs, and the 1 Word Pages, 
+becaufe the Affembly was held upon. an Eminence ; or, 
+which comes much to the fame, from %-ccyo^, Martis 
+Jlupes, the Rock of Mars ; and this, by the Bye, is the Origin, 
+of the famous Tribunal of Areopagus, fq known after¬ 
+wards. This celebrated Event, which makes a con fide r- 
+able Era in the. Greek Hilioxy, happened according to the 
+Chronicle of Paros, under the'Reign of Cranaus, that is, 
+in the Year 1560 before Jefus Cbrijt , to which, add 1750, 
+makes in all 3310 Years fince that Time. As they feldom 
+wrote the Transactions of thofe early Time3 without fome 
+JLmhellifhments, it was given out that 'Mars had. been ab- 
+fotved by the Judgment of the twelve great Gods, f>e- 
+caufe the Judges employed in his Procefs, were in Num¬ 
+ber twelve, chofen from the fir ft Families in Athens. Ar- 
+nobius, when he is proving to the Pagans, that Mars of 
+the Greeks was only a deified Man, acquaints us with fei 
+veral Particulars of his Hifiory. He reproaches them in 
+the firft Place, with knowing he was born, at Sparta , or, 
+according to others, in the Extremities of Thrace 5 that he 
+had lived thirteen Months in Arcadia in a Prifon, where 
+the Alcidcs kept him in Confinement 5 that in Curia Dogs 
+were facrificed to him, and among the Scythians Afles. 
+It only remains now, that we explain the Names which, 
+the Ancients gave to this God : The Greeks call him Arcs', 
+Mifihief, becaufe of the Ills which flow from War .; but it 
+is probable, that this Name comes from the’if^ov 'Arifs; 
+which imports Jlrong r terrible. The Latins derived their 
+Name of A iavs from. Marcs, Males, becaufe Men are- em¬ 
+ployed in War: They called him likewife Grttudt*vus and 
+Quirinus, between which-Names they put thisDiiiinCtion, 
+that the former exprefles Mars in Time of War, and the 
+other in Time of Peace: They had two Templds dedicated 
+to this Divinity under thefe two Titles, the one in the 
+City, and the other without the Gates. ’ The Romans, in 
+Rnmuins* s Apotheofls, gave the firft-.King of Rome the 
+Name of Quid hus, to fupport the Fable of his Birth, 
+which made him pafs for the Son of Mars. We learn 
+
+from 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+
+Uijtory of the Gods, Goddefies, 14'g 
+
+
+from .Dionyjtns of Halicarnajfus, Book ii. that the. Sabines 
+cave the fame Name to their God Enya/ias, and though he 
+Is doubtful whether it was Mars himfelf,yet, as that Author 
+adds, as the fame People called a Spear Gyres. , whence the* 
+Latins formed the .Name Quirinus, it is yery.probable that 
+thefe two Divinities were the fame, and that the Spear 
+among them was his Symbol, as the Sword among the 
+Scythians. The fame Sabines , according to the TeiHmony 
+
+
+
+
+wards given to the Family Emilia. The Name of Eny- 
+alius was derived to him from Bel/on a, and fee ms to con¬ 
+firm the Opinion of thofe who will have her tp be. his Mou¬ 
+ther : That of Thurius, denotes his Impetuofity in Battle. 
+Tho’ Mars was worlhipped in feveral Places, yet no where 
+was' he in fo high Veneration as at Rome , where he had 
+feveral Temples, among which that dedicated to Ivim by 
+Augujlus after the Battle of Philippi, under the Name of 
+Mars the Avenger, was one of the molt celebrated. Among 
+the ■ facerdowl Colleges, that of the Salii, the Priefts of 
+Mars, who were fet apart for keeping die Ancilia, or fa- 
+cred Bucklers, owed its InfHtution to Numa Pompilius, who 
+founded it upon an Occafion related by Dionyfius of Har- 
+licarnajfus. A Shield having fallen from Heaven, the 
+Harufpices were confulted about this Prodigy, and they 
+anfwered, that the Empire of die World was deflined to 
+that City, where this Shield was preferved Numa Pom¬ 
+pilius, for fear of its being ftolen away, ordered feveral to 
+be made quite fimilar, that the true one might not be 
+known, and put them all in die Temple of Mars. Plu¬ 
+tarch adds, w That King Numa foretold Wonders as to that 
+** Buckler, which he faid he had learned from Egcria and 
+* ( the Mufts. This sJncilium , laid he, was fent for tho 
+“ Prefervation of the City, and defigned to be kept with* 
+eleven others of the fame Figure, and of the fame Size; 
+*< that the Difficulty of knowing it might prevent its being 
+** ftolen away. Manarius was he who forged the Shields, 
+<f and had no other Recompence for his Labour,, but the 
+Glory of the Workmanftup ” To conclude the Cere¬ 
+mony of carrying thefe Shields in the public Feftivals, was 
+performed in this manner ; they were removed from their 
+Place, and the Salii carried them in Proceffion through the 
+City, leaping, dancing and fmgingVerfes that had Re¬ 
+lation to the Solemnity : The Fciiival lafted thirteen Days, 
+
+H and 
+
+
+5 46 Hiftcry of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+m 
+
+and began on the Calends of March* Mars's Month ; du¬ 
+ring that whole Time no Affair of great Confequence was 
+allowed to be done, fuch as marrying, taking a Journey, 
+or a military Expedition : Which Cuftom was religioufly 
+obferved in fhe molt early Times ; but afterwards it 
+was fo me what abated. 
+
+£ 7 . Who were Contemporaries with Mars ? 
+
+A. Mars lived in the Year of the World 2551, before 
+Chrift 1449 Years, to which add 1750, makes 3199 Year$ 
+fmee his Time. That Mars , who killed Allirretius, the 
+Son of Neptune , for ravifhing AlHe. his Daughter, I have 
+according to the Chronicle of Saros, which puts him 1560 
+Years before Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 3310 
+Years fmce. If we take M-.rs of Bn us, or Nhnrod 9 he 
+lived in the Year of the World 1878, before Chrift 2122, 
+to which add 1750, makes in all 3872. Mars taken for 
+Nimrod, his Contemporaries were, ‘ Ter ah , Abraham % Fa¬ 
+ther ; Mifraim, -called, Gen. xii. Pharaoh , King of E- 
+gypt ; Ajhur, King of AJfyria $ Tuifco , King of Germany ; 
+faid to be one of Noah's Sons ; Gomer plants Colonies 
+in Italy ; Tubal, King of Spain ; M<jL eck. King of Gaul. 
+If we~take Mar-s for the Son of Jupiter , his Contempo¬ 
+raries were, Otbnicl r-uled the Israelites ; Amnophis > 
+King of Egypt ; P any as. King of Babylon ; Eurotas, King 
+of Lacedanon ; Jupiter , King of Crete 5 and Chiron his 
+younger brother, an excellent Phyfician. No Poets, no 
+JHiftoriuns at this Time. 
+
+Tf Who was Bcllona , and how came fhe to be made a 
+Goddefs ? 
+
+A. As Mars was the God, fo Bcllona was the Goddefs 
+of War, which is the Reafonthat I did not put her in the 
+Letter B, but in this Place. I have already faid, that 
+Bcllona, whom the Greeks named Enyo , was fometimes 
+confounded with Pallas*, however, in the better Authors 
+of Mythology, they were often diftinguifhed from one 
+another : Accordingly Hefted calls Bcllona the Daughter 
+of Cbocys and Cctc, which was never faid of Minerva. 
+Varro adds, that fhe was the Sifter of Mars , and that fhe 
+was antiently named Duelliona ; fome Authors make her 
+his Wife. The Poets vied with one another in painting 
+ber as a warlike Divinity, who prepared the Chariot and 
+
+Horfes 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, CsV. 14% 
+
+Korfes of Mars, when he fet out for War, as may be 
+feen in Statius; according to Virgi't, this Goddefs armed 
+with a Whip, animated Warners to the Battle. 1 • 
+
+Et fcijja gaudens rjadit Difrordia pall a, 
+
+Quam cum fanguinco fequitur Bellona flagella* . . . 
+
+Or, in Lucans Stile, 
+
+Sanguineum veluti quartern Bellona flagellum* 
+
+She was represented further by Silius Italian in his Bufl- 
+ris, Lib. v. V. 221. with her Hair difhevclled, holding 
+a Torch in her Hand. 
+
+ljtfa facem quatiens, ac fiarjam /anguine multo , 
+
+Spat fj. comam, mediae acia Bellona per err at. 
+
+Bellona had a Temple at Roms, in the ninth Region, near 
+
+the Porta Garment alls ; and in that Temple the Senate 
+
+gave Audience to the Embaffadors, who were not allowed 
+
+to enter the City, as alfo to Generals who returned from. 
+
+War. At the Gate was a fmall Column called the War-' 
+
+like Column, again ft which, they threw a Spear whenever 
+
+they declared War. Servius fays, this Goddefs had her 
+
+Rank among the Gods who were called Common, and was- 
+
+reckoned equal in Power to Mars the God of War. The 
+
+Priefts of Bellona called Be Hon aril, received their Prieft- 
+
+hood by Incifions, that were made upon their Thighs ; 
+
+the Blood whereof, they received in the Palms of their 
+
+Hands, as we learn from Tcrtullian: But E lean us Lamp 77- 
+
+d/us, in the Life of Commodus , ch. 9. tells us this Inciiloit 
+
+was made in the Arm : Bellona Jhvientes as ere exfccare 
+
+braebium preecepit , jludio crudclitatis. Thefe poor Wretch~ : 
+
+es, after having thus drawn the Blood from therafelve* 
+
+by thefe cruel Incifions, made a Sacrifice of it to the God-: 
+
+defs. This Cruelty in latter Times, however, was only 
+
+counterfeited : Thefe Priefts were Fanaticks, who in their 
+
+Fits of Enthufiafm, predicted the Taking of Towns, the 
+
+Defeat of Enemies, and boded nothing but Blood and 
+
+Havock ; which makes Juvenal fay, 
+
+« 
+
+Sed ut Fanaticus ceefira 
+Percujfus, Bellona, tua divinitatc , &c. 
+
+The Worfhip of Bellona, tho’ confecrated at Rome, was 
+
+H z yet 
+
+
+
+*48 HiJ}ory #f rthe Gods, Coddeffes, 
+
+< 
+
+yer more fb at Ccmana : There were two principal Cities*' 
+of that-Name;- where fhe was: honoured with a peculiar 
+Worfhip. 'BeiliHa is reprefented upon fome Monuments, 
+and upon tlie Medals of the• Brutzars, together with 
+Man, armed 1 with a Pike and Buckler; hut it is very dif¬ 
+ficult to* dilhhguilh her from. Pa Ha iti, . ■ • - • • - 
+
+
+« - 4 
+
+
+t : 
+
+
+' Who : was Minas, and how* came he to be made a 
+
+God ? . 
+
+A. Jupiter, or rather AJlerius , having raviihed Europe 
+AgenoA s* Daughter, and conveyed her to the Hland of 
+Crete, where he reigned, ihe had by him three Sons, Mia 
+nos, Sarpcdon and Radamanthus: After the Death of Aft 
+rius, Minos- afeended the Throne, and having the peaceful 
+Pofleflion of the Kingdom, married It bone the Daughter 
+of Li Situs, by whom he had two Children, Jycaftut, whtf 
+fucceeded him, and Acacailide, who, according to Dioa 
+dor us 3 Books iv. and v. was married to Apdia , that, is, 
+probably, either to one of his Priefts, or to a Prince* 
+Who, on Account of his Talle for the Sciences, or dor* 
+Miifick, had acquired the Name of that God. The Id and 
+
+-Kfi''/ 1 ' .. is.- _ u~r—^ _.. vt A 
+
+
+
+tice, and having built feveral Cities, among which' 
+reckoned that of ApolIonia, which Cidor, his Graridfon, af¬ 
+terwards embellilhed, and gave it . the Name of 1 adopted 
+But nothing fo much diftinguiihes Minos, as the.Lawfche' 
+gave' the 1 Cretans, fince they have always made him T bc£ 
+Reckoned one of the greateft Legiflato^s o£ Anriqfcky? 
+To give the greater-Author it^to his Laws; he£re tiffed ftf jf 
+to a^Cave in Crete, where hexfeigned fchat > Jupiter hid 
+ther dictated them to him-and every Time Ke returh^ifi 
+from hence, as We learn from NieoUs of Datnasj he delip- 
+veredforrie new Law.: This is what makes' Hcni&G j*tV$ 
+hfhi the Tide of ^ajliV^r's-Difcipk, o •l*pw"S7<v 
+
+Which id thuswpreflbd;by. 'Hdrdci,* Octet ft 
+
+
+
+ffeutdia ? Zddibixt^ -ith# *T JLegiflatdr, o the <S0'd2, 
+defs Fcfta j TiOrodJit^cs, to his' Gcrtid:'} 'Kuma Poittfrlids, ter 
+
+- 1 1 tjw 
+
+
+
+tTiftory 6f the Gocfs 7 ‘ Goddefies, -6fr. 149 
+
+the - Nymph Egeria, whom he confuited inthje Forelt of 
+Arid a ; Pythagoras gave' out, that he wcntdown to the 
+.Kingdomof Pluto ; Epimenzdes again, that he had.flepf 
+fifty Years in a Cave in-the Ifland of Crete ; and undoubc- 
+edly all of, them, after who had received.the. Ta¬ 
+
+bles of the Law upon Mount Sinai, with fuch Pomp and 
+Solemnity, that the Tradition thereof had fpread among 
+all Nations. Maximus c /yrius is of Opinion, that this 
+Cave, into which Mines retired, was in Mount Ida. Stra¬ 
+bo , after Ephorus , will have it, that Mines dwelt nine 
+Years in Retirement in the Cave, and that it was after¬ 
+wards called Jupiter' s Cave. All Antiqnity has always 
+had a high Efteem for the Laws of Minos : Plato , A- 
+riftotle , Diodorus 9 Paujanius, Plutarch, and feveral othe.es ,< 
+have very much enlarged upon, this Subject; and J fhould 
+never have done, were I to quote here, the Teftimonies o£ 
+thofe Authors; I Hia.ll only fay, that Lycurgus travelled 
+•on purpofe to Crete, there to collect Minos's Laws, and 
+gave them to the Lacedemonians. Jofephus, as great a 
+Lover as he was of his own Nation, has owned that, Mi¬ 
+nos is the only one among the Antients, who defenred to 
+be compared to Mofes. According to that : learned Pre¬ 
+late Hi’Aius ,. Mines is the fame with Mofes ; - and here is 
+ther Parallel that runs between them; Mofts and Minos 
+lived much about the fame Time. Diodorus gives Mi¬ 
+nes to Wife ft bone, whofe Name, in the.Chaldaic Lan¬ 
+guage, Signifies Antient, only to denote, that this Prince 
+is of very great Antiquity. The Mother of the - Cretan 
+Prince, is- iaid to have come from Phoenicia, oaly.be- 
+caufe the Parents of the Je<wiJh Legiilator were Natives 
+thereof. The former is made to have reigned in Crete, 
+becaufe the latter led the IfratliUs into Palefiine , the Peo¬ 
+ple whereof were fomedmes named Cretans,. as : Bach art 
+remarks after the Septuaginti Mines had no other Bro¬ 
+ther but Rhadamanthus, for Sarpcdon was the Son of 
+Laodamia, and Grandfon of Bellerepbon 5 . Mofes in like 
+Manner had but one Brother, Awn. - Diodorus gives the 
+Lawgiver of Crete but two Children j the Lawgiver of 
+the Jt*ws had juft the fame Number. The former pro- 
+fefled to have received his Laws from Jupiter\ God had 
+givew his to the latter. The one had Intercourfe with 
+the fabulous God in the Caves of Mount Ida ; the other 
+
+H 3 with 
+
+
+
+i ffijlory of the .Gcds, Goddefles, 
+
+* 
+
+with the God of Abraham and "Jacob upon Mount binet * 
+■Homer gives- Minos .only the Honour of having had 
+pitch for his Mailer ^ God difeovered himfelf only to Me- 
+JtSy and' die- v.:as . the foie L'epofftary of his Commands. 
+Ml ft s 1 cm ployed - Ha ran to put them in Execution, • as 
+. Mi r .did -:Rhadaman tk us ^ The Cretan' Piince was iac¬ 
+counted the King of-the. Sea, only becaufe tjie Hebrt*w 
+..Lawgiver commanded the Waters of tlie Rid Sea-to 
+retire. . The former was conftdered as the chief Judge of 
+Hell, - deciding what Differences arofe between the other 
+. two, onlyhecaufe the latter eftablilhed a Council to eafe 
+him of the Burden oflefler Affairs, referring to himielf 
+the Cognizance of Caufes of great Importance. But, with 
+all . due Refpedl to the Erudition of this learned prelate, 
+the Teftimony of Antiquity is too decifive, to, make us^ac- 
+•knowlege another Minas than the Jtwijia Lawgiver ; and, 
+‘without entering into a critical Examination- of this Pa¬ 
+rallel, which I have even, foftened a great deal, there are 
+;many Strokes that will not convince a Sceptic. Mincs T a 
+Xing, who had been fo juft in his Life-time,, muft, nejeds 
+: Jiavc been honoured after his Death. Accordingly the 
+■ Poets,, whofe. Province it was to difpafetof.theEmpJpy- 
+.snents of .the other World, eftablilhed him Judge.pfdfi/*- 
+../a’s fupreme Court in Hell. In the Syfentof the po^tical. 
+- Hell, the Greeks had borrowed their Conceptions thereof 
+-from the Egyptians ; and that in appointing Judges there, 
+.after the Example of that antient People®-. ;thej£ had 
+-. fingled. out thofe from among their great. Men^vwhg had 
+
+. lived with .theimoft unblemifhedjritegrity. f.pfixbicbiJMmp.- 
+
+».beiy they-.-had found none -whe* better ;d$^ffed;t&^-£Jo- 
+;iiour than Minas t Eacus, and. Rhadantanphus^ , They^af- 
+• Serw.ards; .divided their Functions :. -according!to 
+
+'Plata, judged the Europeans, Rbadamantbys,'w'hp had rip ft 
+.. Crete 9 i ,and fixed.his Refidence in AJig,- had th$ Afiatics 
+
+\ iis Lot; .among whom were alfo comprehended 
+
+■_x:jrica?!s j. a nd. Minos, as the chief.. Prefidcnt of theinferpal 
+; Court,,>.decided, the Difference? that arofe ; bet%epn> .the 
+ntwosudges. hjAJI the Po.ejs are agreed, in; tMsj Superiority 
+->yo£jMbicss-jm^V:, his /Collogues o/Jt/is not;...gafy to,§^ E tjie 
+7 Dateiof •Mini*A~J &we confult th& Afiintiel whqre 
+
+■j ! hia- Em , is : Avlifctle -defaced,. we /hall there -.find* that, this 
+■ Trine eureigned in .the Time of. Eandion, the. firft .King.gf 
+
+. uttlnns. 
+
+
+
+
+fliftoiy of 'the GodsV Goddeflesy 6Tr. 151 
+
+« 
+
+Athens., which is faid to fall in the Year before Ghriit, 
+14C2. And what ferves. for a.Confirmation of this Date; 
+the--Marbles join the Reign of. M/Vw-with-, the-Inven¬ 
+tion of Iron by.the LUi Daclylij when upon. the. burning 
+•of the Woods of Mount Id:, they obferved the- Flowing 
+of that Metal by the Fire j an ■ Event which; according 
+to an antierxt Chronologift,; cited by--St: Clement of Alex- • 
+andria, Strom. Book w falls in the Year of the World 
+*2743-, t0 which add 1750, makes 4493 Years fince Mims' s 
+Time. Mints, after having governed his Subjects with a 
+gentle Sway, died iti'Crete ; and, being interred there, 
+had this Epitaph upon his Tomb, MINOS tot aide 
+T:A< frO£: Minos F. Jo~jis Scpidcbrum. Minas the • Firib, 
+lived in the Year of the World 25 ^0. before ChriA 1450, 
+to-which add 1750, -makes 3200 Years. 1 
+
+• Who were Contemporaries with Minos? 
+
+si. Since his Time,’ Eouei the Benjamice ruled the Ifrfir- 
+lit es ;■ Atnencphthcs,- King of Egypt ; Adtigcr, King- o 
+Germany ; Polydorus , King of c Ibeb(s ; Prestus, King of 
+Argos ; LaotHedon , King of Si cyan ; Bellcrcghon,- King'of 
+■CoriniE-'y Pros, King of- Proy ; Jupiter, King of Crete ; 
+,.ahd Gbiroh, his younger Brother, an excellent Phyfician, 
+who taught. JEjcutnpius Phyfie, Apollo Mufie, '.Hercules* Af- 
+tromy,' and was Tutor to Athillts . No Poets, - no Hifto* 
+rians at this-Time.- ' *: *K 
+
+
+’• How came Mode Ay to be made a Go'ddefs ?; v.- *i»- 
+Ay ‘Modejiyx* *. Virtue x,ooi eflential to the Fair Sexyuiot 
+•to haveibeenrordered-into a Divinity; Hiftory- therefibre 
+rnfermsp that the 1 w'worfhipp^dher under thie Naihe 
+
+ef Pudicitia 5 - "and thia-- Goddefs had Temples 1 inoheiroCi-. 
+n?,'-and-Altars; whereort'^Sacrifices Were ofierett:ttynher* 
+But^asiffche Greats were to have, other G ads^than ,thed?o- 
+palace,; there wast a DifBn&ioa at Rome betweenr the fihaT 
+fityrjf the Patrieian Eadiesf'and-that of the .Ptebfiiatjsw 
+
+
+Ait"; her5iii« , ,”4ooking i upoh ^hi^Match--to hb hhwoithy 
+Iter Name; '^having 1 }oi hedwith the bth&r ^Ma tt o Bs^wMUd 
+no longer-.fufFer her |o-»par take Myfterihscof r th.e 
+
+H 4 Goddelg 
+
+
+
+/*r -v“ 
+* 
+
+
+252 Hifiody^bf L&l G ode*^tGodddiesp .fcsfi 
+
+<Goddefsof C/jAjrify ; but,drives Tier out- of tbe Temple^ 
+Virginia, {tung rvith this Affront, 'got z. Chapel sraifecl'^r; 
+the Longpizreer, die fame where the Cl o dd c fs R-T v em- 
+ple was, from which die was excluded ; and flic-dedicated 
+it ‘.to the CbaftUy of the Plebeian Ladies;-•'wherJ'the 
+CVives; ■ who w ere no: of the Sen a tor: an Order, convened 
+from that Time to offer Sacrifice to that Goddefs, * Cbcf- 
+rt!y]\v as repreiented under the Figure of a Woman veiled 7 
+or feeming to jo. a her Right-hand, or Fore-finger to ho? 
+Face, to iigaify that ihe has no Reaion to blufii. 
+
+■ ‘£K Who was the ftlx/cs, and how came they to be mads 
+Cod defies ? 
+
+- As the TAwfis were famous, and very much honour* 
+ed in the Country of I'iacsAor.i'?, which was antiendy 
+called Fiirir , long before their Worfhip was known upon 
+Mount Kdicrr.: and rarvrfus, it is very probable, tim'd 
+this is the Country whence they derived their Original, 
+C/.v, the Hnc of the ff.-'/.-V, who derives her Name from 
+Glory, cr Renown, holds a Lute in one Hand, and in, 
+rite other a c L s; r/vr, or She is believed to be th; 
+
+dnventrefs cf the Lute. E:t£/rpc, fo called becaufe flu 
+generally hr.ports Joy, has a Maik in her Left-hand, and 
+a Club in her Right. She had invented a Tragedy^ 
+
+
+
+r* 121 jLfc WUg 
+
+
+e n>til:x 9 or the l tvlic invented 
+
+
+- v/ ' 
+
+Comedy, holds rJfo a jyjask in her Right-hand, - th.e 
+Cdcdals reprefer.t her leaning eg?, ink a pillar. • 'j}Alcipo:.:e;:c 0 
+
+* 1 m m • 1 • * ”> t - . 
+
+
+
+ff ^ - - / < 
+
+C-Mc v/.iicT: I-lovcicc gives her. Urania 9 cr is the 
+
+*"-72r 9 '*' m 2rz ‘*“"r —: -r 7- > •"* ] **'' G T'* “ 
+
+j ' 
+
+*% /T ** •* ^ ^ ~ y r f IV. . f"* 
+
+-7, U-11G -cr-Cbv -:anC3 UpD^ L fn/c:/. ^ciucpc. :.D 
+
+called 
+
+
+
+liijlory : of ,th$ Coefe-c GoScicile^ 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+Si 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+
+called 'fresh the Sweesnefs, c£ her Voice, .'holds. c, Vo'. 
+smn3, 
+been. al 
+
+Condu&or. of the Ivlufes : And no tiling is liner than their 
+Dsfcripidcns.o£ the Con forts of Paril&ffust over, which 
+that Gcd n redded, and where they fdne: in Strain? tVt 
+
+l ' / - C • * •• 
+
+charmed both Gods and Men. Bucxiiey are net content 
+with giving them Apollo for their" Cond infer: Hercules 
+too had the fame Title; and hence the Name Given him 
+of Mufageies. The Name of CaiTzesnts was given them P 
+according to Fejlus? J/lacrobius , and Ser^vius^ from die 
+Word Cano, bccaufe their principal Work was to celebrate 
+the AcVicns of the Gods and Heroes. They were called 
+Hcltcor.iades? from a Mountain in Boctia, named Helicon? 
+which Otxn and Epbialtes , die Sons of Alaevs t con Te crap 
+ted to the Mufes ; and not from a Kill of the fame Name., 
+adjoining to Mount Pamajfus, as moft Grammarians ha we 
+•thought. Some Authors, however, are of Opinion, that 
+this Marne came neither from one nor other of tsrefe 
+Mountains, but from a mufical Inftrument, alfo called 
+Helicon 5 whercoj Ptolemy makes mention. The Nam3 
+of ParuoJ/bdes, given them like wife by the Poets, cornea 
+from Mount Pamajfus in Phocis , which they were faid 
+ccnmonly to frequent. That of AcuiHs, is derived 
+frdm die Mountains ir_ Bociia, called the rknian Moun¬ 
+tains, whence the Province itfelf was often called Bonier ^ 
+prom Fbcjtia, a Town in Boctia 7 they were denominated 
+FbefgcrJi s And. Caf: elide:? from the Name of the Four:- 
+Win 0 5 Crfir.lia, which was at die Foot of Mount Par- 
+urjjjiis .. Though the Llu/t'j received divine Honours, and. 
+
+fjwrr Thrlhio -was celebrated in moil Places-in Greece 
+' ’ -* 
+
+and where Sacrifices were offered to them,-, 
+
+0 Bodv fo highly adored them, as the Poets, who., 
+
+■/ k w « 
+
+in Imitation, of Hcjioel? Hcmcr and VirgiL foldoir fail y:> 
+Invoke them, at the Beginning of their Pc eras as God- 
+/defies ; capaNc cf inferring them with that Bnthuiiafc 
+y: hi of h fo ofbntial to their. Art. : T hey •y/cro named G- : 
+ibr.rin:!:”. from Mount Ci thereon : ■ PieriPs- . or 
+
+from 'fount Pier ns, according to- Feflus, or-; according to 
+Step bums^ from the Name of a City, or f rom to at Part 
+
+^ t % ~ ^ ’ ^ - /T" 1 i r* > i ^—jp. T* rr-f+f'Jr r 
+
+' m • • ♦ 4 % V ^ * v «^ V - 4 
+
+. rnd Hiptcrrauu* ■ vrsre- giver. -fiery from* --by--Fountain. 
+
+* *» * - ' ’ ‘ • »-«■*• - 
+
+y/hich 
+
+H 5 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+IW Ulctl HUUrtUC KJX 7 *. 
+
+worlhipped the Shadow for the ; Scibftance, ’ Alhe 
+for the Creator, *u;ho is God \lejjid' for etf'er : 
+
+
+154 jfJlfvory .qf t'ke Gods, Gjoddefle^ 
+
+which Pf'gdfus made fpring out of the Earth with a Blow? 
+;of Jus-Foot: I-t-is alfo, from the Name of die fame foun¬ 
+tain,. that tliey were frequently tiaWc^i Hgantpptdes, becaufe 
+that Fountain, was called • sJftuippic and liippucrtner t ; t . 
+Who were Contemporaries with the Mufesf - t " 
+fee that froiri the Beginning of Idolatry, Man* 
+
+Jcinddhave * 4 ‘ * 1 w 
+
+• » 
+
+Creature -for 
+
+X am. therefore of the Opinion, that the Mtijts were -ho 
+real Perfons; a3 we have feveral Paflions, arid our 
+/Thoughts are employed upon many Subjects ; T he Hea¬ 
+thens worfhipped the Gilts inftead of the Giver, which 
+reduced them to the Number of nine Mufcs. That this was 
+very.»aittient. we learn from Hamer, the frit of all, 1 the 
+Toets-who-lived in the Year of the World 3203, I have 
+fallowed, in my Calculations of the Gods and GoddefTes, 
+Jo ’&n>~;s. 'laUnit's View of the Uni^verfal Hijiory of the Wtrldy 
+
+3 iis clironological Tables, which are thefulleft, and done 
+upon the bell: Plan that I ever faw of that Kind. He 
+makes no Mention of any of the lUufrs ; I therefore think 
+that they never had any other Exiftence iti the Worl 4 > 
+i>ut indie Brains and Imaginations of Men and Women. 
+
+
+• • 
+
+
+• « 
+
+
+- ..^fHow c&meNafn/t to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+the Goddefs of Funerals, had a Worlfiip 
+eftablifhed,- and Hiflory makes Mention of a Chapel 
+xivhich fhe had at Rome, without the Walls of the City. 
+.It was eipecially at the Funerals of old Men, if we 
+an ay believe Va rr , whofe Teitimony is quoted by ht, 
+jPupufiin , / in his .Book v. of .his City of God, he fays* that 
+double Honours were paid to this Goddefs; and from 
+,*he: fame- Divinity were derived the Names of thole 
+mournful Ditties that were fung at Funerals. This God- 
+,cefs,~in ibort, who is little known but from /lrnohius 
+the--only -Ancient of thofe whofe Writings are extant" 
+.that ipeaks of her, was never employed but in the Ago- 
+anes of tie Patient; then it was they began to invoke 
+
+jncr« 1 
+
+
+^ * 
+
+
+• / 
+
+
+i^- Why wfcs Death made a God ? 1 
+
+' A \ As we have observed from Horace* that Sleep was 
+
+the 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+
+9 » v 
+
+
+■r \: 
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, G otfd eiles, - ' G? c. f:$5 
+
+the. Brother p.f Death,, wjbj^h, Js k itfej[f.,tbJe deep ^eternal 
+
+Sfefr.. j vr& (hall., aM-h&p A WfirA M W>,upfltt that Diwit 
+
+ty, for the reckoned, D&tb among...their Gndst 
+
+Their Poets, “ as, .well .as the g -M*Jw% ,ir\d , Virgit' among 
+otkej-s, .'fipeifcfifr ok ih t gixesJhun.that-Title. '. W* know 
+P- 9 .thing al?out; the Worihip.that, was, paid him weaanly 
+learn, that the Lacedemonians honoured hipias ;a Divinity, 
+and had, as . Paufanias , in. his Uftconics\ teUs .us*-». one, df 
+
+his Statues near that of his Brother Sleep t < \ • 
+
+*.« > - * • • •• • - * ^ * 
+
+
+VO - 
+
+
+• * * V j • • ' • • • 9 • s . . 
+
+: who >vere the Nymphs ana how came they.to.be 
+
+Womipped as Gods and Goddeflefs ?, • r . »v. 'jf 
+
+.The Nymphs in general were among ih.e>.Pctgan^ th® 
+Gods of the Mountains, \Voods, Fountainshnd JUrerst; 
+for which Rqafon they got feveral Names.. Thofe whole 
+Abode was on the dry Land had the N ame of Nymphs in 
+general. The Guardians of the Rivers and Fountains 
+were called Naiads. Thofe who inhabited the Pools a rot 
+Marfhes were called Limniades . *’ Thofe who a^rxHlded 
+over .the Groves, Napea? % . Thofe who* delighted jst rh» 
+"Woods, Dryads, or Hamadryads , if. they were attached, 
+to fome particular Tree; and thofe laft lived and died, 
+with the Tree. Such as were over the,Mountains w er © 
+mqd Oreades : And thofe, in Ihort, who dwelt in. the 
+Sea, Nerieds. A Kind of Sacrifice was wont toJ?e offer¬ 
+ed them of Milk, Oil, and Honey, and fometimes. the 
+Sacrifice was a Goat. ., • I * 
+
+It jy! not eaiy to fay, what was the Qriginal of thefe 
+Fables that have been delivered ahoutrNympbs; for thdre 
+is rip Po'flibility of making all that the Poets fay. of them 
+mef'e Allegory, f can never perfnade.myfelf, that.they 
+meant no riiore by thefe Symbols,, than to. give \isj itte 
+Idea of the Properties of Waterand..ftuidBodies*,which, 
+are the Principals of the Qeneration of T rees an ^ Plants, 
+and all becaufe ‘the ; Word Nymph < comes : perhaps; fto~ 
+
+
+foam like Venus ; atfd of their being called the Mothers of 
+the Rivers, the Daughters <?f .the./watery .EleipPdt, /pr of 
+the Ocean, and the reft ’ . Therefore, f the/Idea of 
+Nymphs t6 r hive'come from an antient Opinion,, that tha 
+Souls.of the Dead wandered about the Tombs where their 
+
+Bodies were interred, or in the Places which they had fre¬ 
+quented 
+
+
+H 6 
+
+
+
+~\ 5 $ 
+
+Tqaented- during their i\bpd,e in this ^o^ld; This, . 
+
+Sentiment q£ ^orphyry&, aud-what confirms'this Opinion 
+*hat 'tKe Stirs and hjgheit Part of the Umverfe were ; bew 
+
+
+
+were affigned. This is the Original of thofe Divinities; 
+fcutfr&u8f ife %kt mdate* AgfeV Woriietf Of 7/ aU 
+
+Sorts;froth.tH&'Lkdy of Diftirifltion to the- Ample 1 She^ 
+Sierdefs, who had beeniii any Adventure, \vere denoini- 
+3iated Nymphs. Thus our. Poets, faithful Copiers' of the 
+Antients, frequently give the Name Nymph to the ilhilfri- 
+«us^ Women who enter intb the Subje£b of theirPoetns. 
+I (hall therefore fubjoin aLiftof the Nymphs and Ndidsfr 
+.Their Nzuhes in arf alphabetical’Order are th£fe : * Vv 
+
+. ;L * 1 - -X " ; t ^ . 
+
+
+' V Y* 
+
+
+Hceifta* • 
+
+Corabife, 
+
+Halidy 
+
+• : : 
+
+- ddnia, ' 
+
+Crefeis, 
+
+Mppo, 
+
+: 
+
+JEgeria * 
+
+Cydippe, . 
+
+Uycefoy 
+
+
+
+Cymodufa, 
+
+Jaera, 
+
+Qeyw* - 
+
+jfgatetty . 
+
+Cymothee, 
+
+Janiray 
+
+
+-Agave, 
+
+Amathia, 
+
+Deiopeia, 
+
+Janthe, 
+
+. Orythya , • 
+
+Dianajic, 
+
+Ido ther a. 
+
+Panope , 
+
+jfmphhhoe, 
+
+Dime , 
+
+Idyia, 
+
+Panopea, : 
+
+Jhnphinome, 
+
+. Doris, 
+
+Laodice, 
+
+Pajithoe, 
+
+iPmphitas, 
+
+Dojitbesa, 
+
+Lara, 
+
+PelortSy 
+
+Jlmphyro, 
+
+Daxo, 
+
+Loonthodone, 
+
+P*rfa y ; 
+
+Jretbufa, 
+
+Drymo, 
+
+LigeUy 
+
+
+-dfsa. 
+
+Dynamne, 
+
+Limner lay . 
+
+pe&ea. j 
+
+oatie. 
+
+EleHra, ■ 
+
+Lycejle, 
+
+. PherJa^ 
+
+SBerbe, ' 
+
+Epbyre, 
+
+Erece, 
+
+Lyeorias, 
+
+• Pholoty . 
+
+Calianafto, 
+
+Marcia, 
+
+Phylltdoee% 
+
+■CalUroe, 
+
+Ett forty 
+
+Melantbo, 
+
+Pithoy . 
+
+Calypfa, 
+
+Europe*, 
+
+JHeIite, 
+
+PlexaurrZy 
+
+y • /* * */ " y 
+
+<■jajsnarsa, 
+
+E titybtti} 
+
+Mehhbris, : 
+
+phone, 
+
+Cerceis, 
+
+Eurymenty 
+
+Mernnejlhe, 
+
+Pctydord/' 
+
+Clio, 
+
+.fialfitcea,. , 
+
+Metisy .. 
+
+{*“* -.«•» r r . 
+
+. P&P* r • 
+
+• Cloth Oy 
+
+Crakxceu - 
+
+Minejlra , 
+
+Prymn*y . 
+
+Clymerit. 
+
+*?v 
+
+Menopengy 
+
+Rhodedy 
+
+Cfyttdy 
+
+GfowUy 
+
+Mcmeritisy 
+
+* 
+
+Sagaritts, 
+
+Sangarpsy 
+
+
+
+
+<r~, ti j r. i o-«#0 
+
+OT&ui ..-Wk uw. 
+
+m :u wm*-<A •„*.- ™mtwM 
+
+? -‘iii. L ' ,tv f - : - r, bm'j ’ n iUL-> j;;; i: ’. ■. 
+
+arc. named twf*, 0 according tp thedifterent Mmaer^ij* 
+which the Poets, from JtrJert ** SB* % Lft, 
+nounced their, Names; and of cithers, we may obferve* 
+
+are.t^fame.witkfomeof the Mufo. .. 
+
+-c^s'.-Whp.; were. Contemporaries with the Nereids; and. 
+Vjtmph ? r; 
+
+
+Thefirib were: the Daughter 
+
+nd Doris . and he names fiftv of them. 
+
+
+-. i.* i 
+
+q: 
+
+
+. 5 G** 
+
+
+r/»/ ana Doris, ana ne names htty ot tnem. turner reck¬ 
+ons thirty two only; but, allowing it to be true, they 
+lived in. the Time with their Father, and of Conference 
+had the fame Contemporaries. 
+
+As to the Nymphs, Ifaid, that it was an antfenCOf 5 ^ 
+©n, that the Souls of the Dead wandered ab out theTo 
+where the Bodies were interred. Or in Pfaces where 
+freqdehted during their Abode in this World. Irr latltfr 
+Ages, Wotnen of all Sorts, from the Lady of Diftrn&i&a 
+to the Ample Shepherdefs, who were handfome, beauti¬ 
+ful, and had been in any Adventure, were denorpinated 
+Nymphs x whofe Names with thefe of, the Naiads, f have 
+given an. alphabetical Lift, which is all that can be.dope 
+for the Benefit of my Readers. V - , ! 
+
+Since* by Berger's Lift, fome of them- have the Tamfe 
+Names with fome of the Mufesi T may freely fay, v iiu£t 
+forffe bf them never had any real Exiftehce, but iirtne 
+Brains and Imaginations of 
+
+9 9 
+
+■widen eve 
+
+Beauty and Wit, got the Name Nympfi,^ tney 
+Perfons, ,'sind lived in the World. It is therefore irnnofE- 
+ble foe,me "to give an At^ount of their v P agents, a 
+they, livedo 
+
+
+
+
+v• . t • » 
+)* • * 
+
+
+,.i:‘* 
+
+
+* 1 
+
+
+P. Who was Nertus, -and how cajheJie to be made a. 
+
+p<*r? - i 
+
+J. Ntrcv;, whokaU the Antienta reckon among■ th* 
+
+' .- —• - 
+
+
+
+*$•58 HiJlojy'of the Gods, GoddefTes., 
+
+Sea Gods, was, according to H.JioJ, the Son of Oceamts 
+and T^tbys. - Appcllodol-us gives him Oceauus for his Father, 
+and Terra for his Mother ; and other Mythologies jnak'e 
+him the Son of Neptune. Hrjlod highly, celebrates ,thrs 
+Ncreus, who was, according to him, a mild and peaceful 
+old Man, a Lover'of juftice, and Moderation. The 
+Antients • have inquired, as well as the Author of the 
+.Hymn, which is a cribed to Orpheus , have run out upon 
+the Praife of this Sea God. John the Deacon gives a 
+Reafon for it, as ridiculous as falfe ; it is, fays he, becaufe 
+Seamen, wh’o have always prefeiit’ Death before tfieir 
+Eyes, are commonly good People ; but unluckily, it is 
+quite the contrary. The good Deacon,' as M. A Clerk 
+remarks, had never feen either Seamen or Sailors^ and 
+fpeaks of them juft as we'do of the Inhabitants of the 
+Moon. That learned Critic therefore has Recourfe to 
+the Phoenician Language, in which the Words, Nab at. 
+None, whence the Names of Ntrcus was derived, fignify 
+to jkincy to give Light, which, as it relates to Man, im¬ 
+ports to know, to ha^ve. Unde rft anting, to he Be that 
+
+as it will, all agree with H,f.od, that he married his’ Sifter 
+Doris. All Antiquity agrees, that Nereus excelled in tlie 
+Art of Prediction : He foretold Paris the War, which the 
+Rape of Helm would bring upon his Country, and he in¬ 
+formed Hercubs where to find the Golden Apples, that 
+Buryjibeus ordered Him to go in Queft of. lie attempted, 
+it is faid, to transform himfelf into various Shapes, that 
+he might not be obliged to make that Difcovery. to thb 
+Grecian Prince ; but he held him fafFtill he returned to his 
+prifline Form. We learn from /.Jpollodorus, that Nereus 
+commonly refided in the Egean Sea, where he was incir- 
+cled with Nereids, who diverted him with their Songs and 
+Dances Accordingly, Paufunias takes the old Man who 
+was worfhipped by the Gythcatcs, and who, according to 
+them, had his Palace in the Sea;'to have been no other 
+
+but Nereus, and’ cites in Proof of it thefe Verfes of Homer* 
+
+. • * * 
+
+v I • • 
+
+Te Sifters Nereids! to your Deeps defeend - 
+
+Halle, and our Father’s facred Seat attend. 
+
+. — Popn, Iliad, xviii. v. x yj. 
+
+, .It is evident* that there is a great deal of Phyfiology 
+‘intermixed with this Fable, the Poets having frequently 
+
+taken. 
+
+
+
+Hi (lory of the Gods,. GcddefTe v £?V- 
+
+
+
+taken Ncreus for the Water itfelf, as his Name , imports* 
+Hifytkiu ., accordingly derives it fropi aAg, which fignifies 
+pledging ; I am, however, of Opinion, that^die Cxrouud 
+of this Fable exhibits to us fome antient Prince of this 
+Name, who became famou by,Sea, and improved Navi¬ 
+gation fo much, that People came from, all Parts. to ;cqq- 
+fult him in. dangerous .Voyages } .thefe pretended Meta- 
+morphofes, and the various bhapes which he ailumed tb 
+get rid of thefe who came to fonfult him, , are but fa ma¬ 
+ny Symbols, fignifying, that he was crafty ,and artful, 
+wife and prudent, ilk c.Protius \ . . y 
+
+^ Who were Contemporaries yjy&isNereus ? _ - 
+• A. Since Nereus foretold Paris, King o fTroy, the War 
+which the Rape of Helen would bring upon his Country, 
+he was of Confequence Cpntempprary. wfith.him> ; ,who 
+lived in the Year of the World zy\\, before- C'hrift 1289, 
+to which add 1750, makes 3059 Years,fmee his Tim^. 
+Thofe who lived at that Time, were AbimcUqh, . *who ruled 
+over the Ifraelitcs ; Btltu, King of Babylon Ja/on, tl\e 
+Athenian ; Plijlhenes , King of Argosy Ca/lor] and Pollux, 
+of Lacc A mo n ; Evander, came from jfreadia tq Italy.! 
+Erithrus , a Tyrian, King of Spain Brenner , King qf 
+
+Germany . No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time. 
+
+
+. . • . . 9 
+
+Sg. Who are the Nereides, and whatts faid pf them 
+A . All agree with Hejiod, that Nu-eusi married his Sif¬ 
+ter Doris, and that he had by her the fifty Nereids, whofe 
+Names were thefe. Proto, Pcrate,Sao, nmpbitrite, Eudorc ., 
+Thetis, Galcnc, Glauco , Cymothoe, Spco, ThaliaMelite, Eur 
+lemenc , Agave, Pafithea , Erato , Eunice, Doto , Pberufa, 
+Dynamcne, Ncjfa, Acteta , Prototnedca, Doris, Pahqpe,.Ga¬ 
+latea, Hippothoe , Hipponoe, Cymodoce^ Cymatotoge+. Atnphi- 
+trite , Cymo, Etone, Halimede, GlaucQnQme,Pqntppqrja^ Ljago~ 
+r t , Evagorc, Laomcdea, Poly no me, Antonome x - LyjynaJfaj 
+war nr, Pfamathc, Menippe, Nyfo, Eupepsfa TfomJfo,f]Pr 9 - 
+
+hoe, NjmcJis „ In this Lift, taken froip.f^^ 
+occurs twice, there being two Nerieds of .that. Name, 
+which differ, only in Quantity. Hcmtr gives -their; .Names 
+with fome .Variation* and. reckons ; only thirty 1 two of 
+them ; the reft, fays he, having remained in the Bottom 
+of the Sea, Glance, Thalia, Cymodace, Nij^a x ,Sy 4 fi, Tipoa-% 
+lia, Cy mot ho a, Aftea, Limnoria, Melita , IerapAmy hithoe. A* 
+
+gave, 
+
+
+
+
+• i So Hifiory of- the Gods 3 : -■ GcHdefiesy "&c« 
+
+- - * • ^ 
+game, Do to, Prottfj ; Pberufa', Dyhainene, Dexameftr, ijCm* 
+
+phinome, Caliani ra, Doris , Pot: ope, Gala tar,' ■ Netrzzrfisy 
+
+Mpfades, Cal liaiseffe, Clymcne , lavra, laneffa, Mcerc, Ori- 
+
+2byta, 'Amathial Thefe Names, in fhort, almoft all deriv* 
+
+ed J front the ; Greek, -agree perfcdlly to Divinities of the 
+
+Sed, fince they expre& ; the Waves, the BiI!owv'thcvTei»~ 
+
+pefb, cheCalma, the Rocks, the Forts, &c. ■ 
+
+
+
+
+£?, How came Neptune to be made a God ? 
+
+A. He was, according to Hcfiod in his 7 hecgony, the Son 
+of Saturn and Rhea, and Brother of Jupiter and Pluto . 
+Rhea, having hid him in order to evade Saturn's Cruelty, 
+gave out, that fhe'was delivered of a Colt, which the 
+God fvvallowed, as he had done her other Children. Ao 
+he was the firfl, according to Diodorus, Book v. who em¬ 
+barked upon the Sea with a naval Army, he was intitlcd 
+CO the Empire thereof; and Saturn, his Father, having 
+given him all Power over that Element, he was confider- 
+ed afterwards as the God of it ; and this is a:fo what, 
+makes the Mariners, according to the fame Author, ad-* 
+drefsto him their Vows and Sacrifices; or, which amounts 
+to the fame Thing; in the Divifion which the three Bro¬ 
+thers made of the Empire of the Pi tarns, Netiunr had' for* 
+his Lot the Sea, the Iflands, and all the Places that are • 
+adjoining to them. Lattantius, who had read Eitbt mirus's 
+Hiltory, by his Divine lnjii tut ions , Book i. chap. a. ex- 
+prefly . fays fo. Jupiter iviperiurn Neptuno Maris,’ ut 
+infulis omnibus, & quae feanuhan Mare loca fait, omnibus 
+rrgnaret. ' Which however, asM. !e Clerc remarks,”is-~On-- 
+Jy to be underflood of the Mrditerrdnean 6\Y// : the; Ocearl- 
+
+then being fo little known, that they durft^hardlyvenltj^o- 
+
+upori it; Neptune fingnalized himfclf very much by Sea,' 
+even in his Father Saturn's Life-time ; who, ns we have 
+:.t in Diodorus Siculus , Book v. had given him trie Com¬ 
+mand q/ his Fleet; he was always careful to check thd- 
+jEutevpfixes of the• V ”item Princes, hindered them from, 
+settling’ in fonle Iflands as they defignod ; ' and whcrx» 5 f;/~ 
+yvVYv* his Brother, whom lid icfvcd always with W cry ;g real; 
+/ideiity,'and forced iiis jEendiiics ro.miive ttV thoA'/LterrJ 
+“o-nuries, ue hmt theni up therein fo clofeiy, 1 that they 
+
+
+W 
+
+
+* M ♦ 
+
+* / W- 'jA 
+
+
+/ 1 . 
+onld y eC wUt y v/hh;h yr 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+t ^ L. 
+
+
+A «** 
+
+
+Ol 
+
+
+Li:. 
+
+
+havin' 
+
+
+
+Tlifimy. of £#£Gotls 3 iGoddeffefs, • 2 ^b. * 
+
+, having kept. the'Titans imprifoned in Hell, .and hindered . 
+them Train getting but 
+
+I doubt not But Neptune alfo diftinguiOied lumfelf Ijj? 
+Sea, no lefs by the Eilablilhment of Commerce, than by* 
+hi? Vittories. . It is probable that, there were Merchant 
+Ships that had. traded in his Time, upon the Coaft of JfrN 
+ca, to which he was a good ProteSion* In a Word, this 
+Prince, according to Laclantius, Book i. ch. z. was 
+fitcr s Admiral, and the Superintendant of the Seas^ fuch 
+as Metre Shitcny was by Order of the Senate ; Cujus Reg- 
+T.iun talc futjfe iliccftius, quale Plarci Ante 73: i fiiit in fini tun's 
+ill ml imperium, ad toil us orac niciritimac potcjlatcm Sena til# 
+
+dca'erjerat. This is.what gives the Antients a Handle to 
+look upon diis Prince as God of the Sea, to fpeak.os 
+him. only under this Idea, to confecrate Temples and AU 
+tars to him, to fuppiicate his Favour by Prayers and> 
+Sacrifices. 
+
+It is not to be doubted, that the Name of Neptune wao 
+‘given to moil of the unknown Princes, who came by Sea 0 
+and fettled in fome new Country, or who reigned ove? 
+Jflands, or who fignalized themielves by their maritime) 
+Victories, or by the Eftabli foment of Commerce, Thio 
+Name was even extended, if we may believe Aulus GeU 
+l:us 9 to ghofe’who had as much Sternncfs and Ferocity ao 
+Valour. Pracjia /; tijjir.i os V’rlutc, Sic. Joins Pi lies poctaO 
+appt.il .'■vcrant: firscrjlmos IS imniav.es tannuanx c JMciri gem? 
+tfaj, Neptuni FjHis dixerc Cyclop as IS Syrcsia, iS LeftrigoJU'Sn 
+Lib. xv. cap. 21. or like G-rcyon, the Cyclops , &c, Hcncc> 
+fo many Ntptun: ’s, the many Wives and Miftreffes, and 
+the numerous OiT-Jpring they gave to this God ; the Me- 
+tatnorphofes laid to*his Charge. Vojfius dc Idolatrui* has 
+taken the Trouble to unmask fome of thofc Neptune'^ and 
+to determine the Time when they lived. He who had by 
+Lilya., Bilus and Agncv^ was fome Egyptian Prince, who 
+lived Years before Chrift 3483, to which add 3750., 
+makes 3.133 Years frnce his Time. He had probably dif- 
+tinguifned lumfelf by Sea, and at the fame Time, hy 
+his Application to the Method of Breaking of Horfes* 
+lie who by Amymtr::\ the Daughter of D.inaus* had Min-* 
+pliujy da: Father of PAcmed, s, lived about flic Time c : 
+
+fn'*r ■’ % ^ ~ ?>v ;*!>(- V'j\r * : r* /• 7> J•; Af].* 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+*36 2 Hiftory of the Gods, Gcdcuelles, £dV- 
+
+venture.. They tell us that Danaus, having lent his DauglV 
+ter to draw Water for offering a Sacrifice, a Satyr attempt¬ 
+ed Violence upon her, (fee Pbihjtratus' s Fable of Neptune 
+and Amy move), the frighted Princefs implored Neptune'S 
+Aid ; the God relieved her, and put the Satyr to Flight: 
+Sat he himfelf offered the fame Infult to her, * which iho 
+had juft efcaped by his Means. It is probable, that this 
+Adventure, which happened near one of Neptune* s Tem¬ 
+ples, in the Neighbourhood of Argos, where Deinaus * 
+who came from Egypt , was going to offer Sacrifice, refers 
+to fome Prieft of that God. He who was the Father of 
+the famous Cercyon , whom Tbefcus flew, lived a little 
+before the Con quell of the Argonauts. He who by 
+Tyro, the Daughter of Salmomus, had Pt tins, lived about 
+the fame Tifrie. He who paffed for die Father of 7foefeus t 
+was Egcus, King of Athens, who had a Mind to conceal 
+his Marriage with Ethra, the Daughter of Pit hr?us. Pie*, 
+in fine, who is the Subject of this Article, and whofe Hif¬ 
+tory is full of the Adventures of all the reft, lived 
+the Time of Ifaac, a little before the Death of Abraham. 
+
+The Scythian.-, according to Herodotus, had a Iti thqir 
+Neptune, and called him 7h ami nmfades ;«in fine, the firft 
+Neptune is ifndbubtedly Japhet, or fome of his Sons, fince 
+this' is he to whom the Scripture tells us, the Ifles of 
+the Gentiles fell by Lot, Ger.efs x. It is perhaps he of 
+whom Sanchoninthon fpeaks, when he fays, Chryfar invent¬ 
+ed Floats of Timber, and was. the firft. who failed,, and* 
+that for this.Ke&fon he vvas deified after Ills Death y unlefs- 
+we-wiH underftaiid it of Noah himfelf who' in. this.Senle-. 
+
+
+
+' • Antiquity gives feveral Names- to N piunv , ‘ and as many* 
+efthem contribute greatly to'let us into the Knowledge 
+this God;’‘hri9 -nkceifary to iniifl u£oh thein a little.- Thei 
+Name of’ "Atphahon r . or tfffpbaledn.foi, Itls found. yvnt-T 
+ten*ih this 1 iafir Manner, uptitr the Medal-; of the Rhodians t: 
+which ■ firm; Jftab 1 ej Jmmbrekfeley and' "ahfvyerstoj 
+
+the Stab As or of- the Reman -) Wds given- him, according tp^ 
+
+Boole upon ■ OcCafion of. an unltnowfi IffindT 
+thariapptearqd ifl'theS^aF The Rhodians, then very.pow- 
+erfut, having landed tbetdj built a TeiripleTiv Honour’ of* 
+
+NtpjUttg 
+
+
+
+Hzjlory of the Gods, Goddefles, t5g 
+
+fa. plane.Afphahon^ and he had'very Toon-feveral others* 
+If we.may credit the antient Scholiail upon ytrift 0 phattes 9 
+there was one of them upon the Cape of ‘Tenants in. La- 
+ccn:a ; and, according to Paufantes^ in,his Achaicis, ana* 
+
+ther. near the Port-of Patras:. This Sirname, in fhort, 
+B^fcdUy agreeable to this God; becaufe, as he was- 
+thought to have- the Power of fhaking the Earth, foh© 
+had, ukewife that of eiiablithing it. &cr*vius y upon that 
+railage, where Virgil fays of Neptune , 
+
+
+Ncptuvus 7nuros > tnagnoque emota tridenti 
+Fu nda mtJit a q uati t . 
+
+
+
+WKcli makes Kacrob:u$, Satyr i. Book i. fay, that the 
+.<iQtl5.1iad oftca oppofile Titles, with Refpeft to one and 
+the fame Thing ia their Dependance; and that as A Up* 
+ft had tl^e Name, of Enejicihon ,. which denoted his PoW'- 
+cp . to make the Earth; fo he had that of Alphalhn* to 
+teach us, that he hadalfo Power to eftablifn. and fupport 
+V’.i accordingly they feidom failed to offer Sacrifices to 
+■ %L n - Scorrns ar ^d Earthquakes. 
+
+; vy V ^ P JiI * a ' ns ’ are tQ ld by Herodotus y . called this God 
+
+an d ailembled with great Concourfe of neigh- 
+A?B r } n g. people upon the Promontory of. Mycair, to offer 
+i fe® J9 hhn i fee Book i. ch. 48 They • gave him the 
+
+1 ' Kin S’ f r0m the Adventures.which he had with 
+
+Msofivvay about the Territory, of Tresexne: For Jupiter 
+; ordered, that .they flipuid have-JLt'in. common,:-be 
+le Name of King thereof,. and dMinetrva Tthatjiof 
+•\&hP s 9i &learn ftQtsx Paujatii^si, in; his Corintbium y : as 
+
+which he 
+
+•h?d t with Jpno T about -the G.ountry o£.?4rgos< .IjvRefen£- 
+ment that Jupi ter : had adjudged . it rto^that Goddefs * Jip 
+■M\4: thp Country under WWr.;: hut djvnoi ImyingTup.- 
+
+tplicated,. him to-flop .the; Inundation,-.:bd yi^ded 
+Requcft, and upon this he got the Epithetino^meadqh' 
+ed„, which fignifies effiutre, , to’ jitrw out ;. because. heihad 
+
+made the Waters of the Rivera that- QMetffowedithfi 
+
+‘W/^retire., A Sen*pl<? was. alfpi lereftedr.tOi ^.imeundar 
+
+,:-!EJie Sirname of Tridin-Jt&iiTx 'has nO/Dif- 
+•ficulty in^t, that of w«is in AUuffonivio^th^Noife 
+
+°f the-bea r , which, refembles the Bellowing'. ofcAcBuH/*. 
+
+Eor this: Reptfen,; fay th*i, -Anufca* 
+
+facri 
+
+
+
+
+164 TJiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, • £dV. 
+
+Sacrificed to him, and he himfclf was called ravpt, <77 
+vavgsos, and the Fcftivals that were celebrated in Ho- 
+.siour of him, were called rav^eia. But the mod pom* 
+pous E pi diets were thofe mentioned by P ait fans as, irse 
+his Laconics, Lord of the Earth, which was an InfcriptioA- 
+on one of his Statues in Lucania ; and that of Safer, or 
+the Saviour, which, according to Herodotus , Book vii. 
+was given him, probably by fomc of thofe who believed 
+he had laved them from feme great Danger. In fine, 
+this God had feveral other Names from the Places where 
+he was peculiarly honoured, as thofe of 'Tataria s, from 
+the Promontory of that Name in Lttcania* Onchcfiius 9 - 
+ifom the City Or.chtfus. Jjhsnms , from the JJhmus or Ca~ 
+Hath, where he had a magnificentTemple, whereof Peru* 
+fantasy in his Corinthian:, gives the Defcription. H. lico - 
+tnus, from Helicon, dec. The Romans gave him that of 
+Lor.fas, anlvvcring to Hippius , which we have explained ; 
+Hence the Name of the Fefiivals, called Cor.fualia, cele¬ 
+brated in Honour of him, during the Circnfian Games 
+
+Np/vnc was one of the mod highly adored Gods of 
+She Pagan World : For, befides the Lybicns, who reckoned 
+him their great Divinity, there were in Greece, and Italy , 
+efpecially in the maritime Places, a great Number of 
+Temples raj fed in Honour of him, as alfo Festivals, a nd> 
+Games y particularly thofe of the Tjhmzis of Corinth^ 
+and thole of the Circus at Rome, v/ere efpecially confecra- 
+4ed to him under die Name of Hippias, one of the Ex- 
+crcifes there being Horfe-races. 
+
+The Romans too had fo great Veneration for this God, 
+fifra* befides the Fellivals, which they celebrated in Honour 
+of him on die firil of July, and which was appointed 
+to that Day in their Calendar by die Word D. Ntptuni 
+Ludi, the whole Month of E< hr u ary was confecrated to 
+him ; either becaufe the half of it was defiined among- 
+Client to Purifications, whence its Name Vthrumy, to ex¬ 
+
+
+piate, or purify, was derived ; thole Purifications being 
+chiefly performed by Water, die Element over which this 
+God preiided ; or perhaps, to fupplicare him to he pro¬ 
+pitious to tile Sailors, previoufly to their fetLingont to 
+Sea at the Beginning of Spring 5 the Singularity inthem 
+was, that as Heptane believed to have formed the 
+
+;f. dlctlf ..ho Gorf;t- a.id Lfylcs., covered with .Flower 1 , 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hifioty of' the'^Sods? ’ Godcteftes, &c. 16& 
+
+ce afed from all Labour during the Feftivals of the God^ 
+and enjoyed Reft, which- none durft difturb. 
+
+Bejfidcs ordinary Vidtims, namely, the Horfes and th<3 
+Bull, facrificed to tins God, and the Libations that were 
+in Honour of him, as we are told by Herodotus , Book vii*. 
+the Arufpiccs offered to him particularly, the Gall 
+the - Victim, the Bit tern efs of tliat Entrail having an Af«* 
+fixiity with, the Sea-water. 
+
+4 J. Who were Contemporaries with Neptune ? 
+
+A. Neptune lived in the Year of the World 2543? be¬ 
+fore Chrift 1457, to which add 1750, makes 3207 Years 
+fince his Time. His Contemporaries were, Otbuiel , Ca¬ 
+leb's Son-in-law, ruled over the IJraclitcs; Amenophis , King* 
+of. -Egypt ; Tt tuantos, King of Babylon ; Erecbtbcus , King 
+of Athens Eurotas, King of Laccdcsnon ; Lynceus, King 
+of Aegos', EpopniS , King of S icy on ; Sifyphus, King of- 
+Corinth $ Erichtbonius , King of Troy j Saturn, King of 
+Crete 5 Tefta, a Libyan, King of Spain 5 Ingram, King of 
+Gt r ninny; Manet ho. King of Gaul-, Chiron , Neptune's 
+younger Brother, an excellent Phyfician, taught yEfcula - 
+^i.Thyfic, Apollo Mufic, Her ail. s Aftronomy, and was 
+
+Tutor to Achilles. No Poets, no Hiftorians at this Time*. 
+
+♦ « f # 
+
+
+. Q You fpoke of .Deucalion's Deluge, What do you fay 
+to that* of Ogygcs ? 
+
+'A. Ogyges was not a Native of Greece, his very Name 
+alone fufRcientiy proves him to be aScrangerj but whe¬ 
+ther he came irom Egypt or Bbanicic, or from the Coun¬ 
+try-of A)noleh, is more than I am able to determine. lie 
+wiSiifaiid (baled at Thebes' in Boctia, named frequently - 
+by’-tlvi" ’Ailtients Ogygi^n Thebes ,. and he alio reigned 
+over Attica. It is uhdev his Reign the Inundation happened,, 
+which j occafioncd great Dcfolation in the Country, and 
+went by the Name of the Deluge. Ogyges married The- •• 
+be, the Daughter of 'Jupiter and IoJamia (fee Pimfanias's 
+kitties ) by whom he had two Sons, Cubans and Ehufw.us^ 
+who built the City V.leujli , and three Daughters, rJl.’h oryu- 
+whoT. faid to ha ve mirled yh/r, > who at that Time 
+appeared upon the Borders or the Lake Tri/tAs; whence; .. 
+Ii has given to that Goddols t!ie \\ pithet. of .-*//.■A 
+vim \ tin; iecomi of tbefe Daughter. \yv. called -i.iL'r , 
+
+who C'.;nmuuucaied her Name 10 a Town iu Ih.tai : *>nd 
+
+
+
+
+-I 66 Hijiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 
+
+the third. Thclfinia . Thefe three Princeffes, after their 
+Death, were worfhipped as Divinities, under the Name' 
+tyf the Praxidican GoddcJJes. See Puufanius in his A:tics, 
+Thefe two Sons of Ogyges reigned, the one in Boetia, 
+the other in Eleufis: For no Credit is to be given to thofe, 
+who fay, that Attica was laid fo much under Water by that 
+Delude, as to continue along Time uninhabited. Eufe • 
+bius fays, it remained defolate 190 Years. Whether Ogy¬ 
+ges perilhed or not in the Inundation, is what we cannot 
+
+pofitively fay. 
+
+. Among the three Daughters of Ogyges, Alcilcomenc was 
+the moft celebrated, from the Office ffie had given her, 
+of being Nurfe to Minerva, and from the Worfhip that 
+was paid to her after her Death. She was reckoned tlie 
+Goddefs who brought Defigns to a happy IiTue, as is im¬ 
+plied in the Word Praxidicc. To her were offered in Sa¬ 
+crifice the Heads of Animals, as we are told by Suidas, 
+on the Word Praxidice. Paufanins , in his Laconis, adds, 
+that Mu:elai:s t upon his Return Home from the Siege of 
+Troy, erefled to her a Statue, as having, by her Affiftance, 
+put an End to the War, which he had undertaken for the 
+
+Recovery of Helen his Wife. 
+
+Whatever Diverfity of Opinions we find as to the Epo- 
+eba of the Deluge of Ogyg, s, I reckon it may be placed 
+towards the Year 1796 before Chrift, to which add 1750 
+makes 3540 Years fince Ogyges' s Time and the Deluge. 
+
+< 0 . Who were Contemporaies with Ogyges? 
+
+f Ehud, the Bcnjamite, ruled the Ijraclites ; Tutaus. 
+King of Babylon ; Eumolpus , King of Thrace ; Amyclas, . 
+King of Lace demon ; yjcrijtus, King of Argos ; Laon.cdo", 
+King of S icy on 1 Bclleropbon, King of Corinth ; Tros, King 
+of C 1 roy ; Remus , King-if Sp. in ; Addgar, King of Ger¬ 
+many. The great Flood in his Time was the fame with 
+Dntcclion's, and both of them are difguifed by the Greeks . 
+No Poets, no Hiilorions at this Time. 
+
+How came the Oracle of Dcdona to be founded ? 
+
+yj. Wc learn from Herodotus, that the Oracle cf Dedo¬ 
+va, the moll antient of Greece, and that of Jupiter Ham- 
+mon in Lilya, had the fame Original, and both owed their 
+Inftitiitio.n to the Egyptians, as all the other Antiquities of 
+Greece. Here is the Allegory, under which this Piece of 
+
+Hillory 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, GoddefTes* i Gy 
+
+is wrapped up. Two Pigeons, fay they, taking 
+plight from r hebes in Egypt, one of them came to Li by a , 
+ana the other having flown as far as the Foreft of Dodona 9 
+in Cl a a Province of Epirus, alighted there, and let 
+the Inhabitants of the Country know, that it was the Will 
+of 'Juziu, to have an Oracle in that Place. This Prodigy 
+aflonifhed thofe who were WitnefTes to it, and the Oracle 
+being founded, there was very foon a great Concourfe of 
+Confulters. Sergius on the third JEncad, v. 466. adds, that 
+Juptt r had given to his Daughter Thebe thefe two Pigeons, 
+and communicated to them the Gift of Speech. Herodotus, 
+who, Book i. judged rightly the Fa& which gave Rife to 
+thelnftitution of the Oracle, was couched under the Fable, 
+has examined into its hiftorical Foundation. Phenician 
+Merchants, fays this Author, fome Time ago carried off 
+two PrieftelTes of Thebes ; fhe who was fold in Greece , took 
+up her Refidence in the For reft of Dodona , where the 
+Greeks came to gather Acorns, their antient Food ; there 
+fhe ere&ed a fmali Chapel at the Foot of an Oak, in Ho¬ 
+nour of 'jupitrr, whofe Prieftefs fhe had been at 7 hehes 5 
+and chis was the Foundation of the antient Oracle, fo fa¬ 
+mous in fucceeding Ages. The fame Author fubjoins,' 
+that the Woman was called the Pigeon, becaufe they un- 
+derftood not her Language, but, foon coming to be ac¬ 
+quainted with it, they reported, that the Pigeon fpoke. 
+Abbe Sai/ii , who takes this Fable to have been built upon 
+the double Meaning of the Word •BriT^uu, which figni- 
+fed Pigeons, in Attn.--, and fev.exal other Provinces of 
+Grceci , whne, in the Dialed of Epirus, it imported old 
+Women. St/*vius 9 who fully comprehended the Senfe of 
+this Fable, is only miftaken in his Explanation of it, by 
+changing the Appellative PAeios into a proper Name. 
+<e There was, fays he, in the Forreft of Dadtn.:, a Foun- 
+“ tain that run with a foft murmuring Noife, at the Foot 
+“ of an Oak : An old Woman named PJtiu* interpreted 
+“ this inarticulate Sound, and by Means thereof gave 
+Predi&ions to thofe who came to confult her. 
+murmur a onus nomine Peleias, interpret at a hcmr.it us dijjere - 
+bat , Servius, JEn. iii. v. 466. The double Meaning of 
+the fame Word, fupplies us with an Anfwerto the Quef- 
+tion, which Ptolemy Epbeftion , fays Alexander, propofed 
+to his Mailer Arijlotle: Why Homer makes the erftsta» fur-* 
+
+xiilli 
+
+
+ffijioiy of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. f| 
+
+• * '} 
+
+nifti ’ Jupiter with Ambrofia ? For the Philofopher might 
+have folved the Queftion, by faying, the Poet meant oy Rj 
+that Word, not Pigeons, but tl*e Prieftefs of that God, || 
+who prepared the Meat of the Sacrifices that were offered || 
+to him. g 
+
+In antient Times the Oracle of Podona, was given by 1 
+the Murmuring of the Fountain now mentioned : But af- i 
+terwards, it feems, they had Rec^urfe to more Formali- R 
+ties, and this was the Artifice they 1 fell upon. They fuf- | 
+pended in the Air fome brazen Kettles, near a Statue of § 
+the fame Metal, which was likeWifefufpended, and held I 
+a Lalh in its Hand. This Figure, being agitated by the 1 
+Wind, ftruck againll the Kettle that was next it, which. I 
+communicating the Motion to the reft, raifed a chattering I 
+Din which continued pretty long, and upon the Noife | 
+they formed Predi&ions. Hence the Foreft of Dodenct I 
+had even taken its Name, for Dodo in Hebrew fignifies a I 
+Kettle. If you ask what gave Rife to the Fable of thefe I 
+Oracles being delivered by the Oaks of themfelves ; the I 
+Anfwer I take to be this, that the Minifters of that Ora- I 
+-cle hid themfelves in the Hollow of the Oak, when they j 
+gave their Relponfes; from thefe fpeaking Oaks, to men¬ 
+tion it by the bye, came the Origin of that other Fable, 
+about the Mall of the Ship Argo, cut in the Foreft of 
+Dodona , which, according to Ow macritus, Apollius of 
+Rhodes , and Valerius Fla ecus , gave Oracles to the Argo¬ 
+nauts , failing to Colchis for the Golden Fleece. No foon- 
+er was the Sound of the Kettles over, than the Women 
+whom they named Dcdcnidar, delivered their Oracles, ei¬ 
+ther in Verfe, as appears from the Collection made of 
+them ; or by the Lots, as Cicero feems to think, in his 
+Books of Divination . 
+
+* 
+
+Tell me Something of the Oracle of Jupiter Ham- 
+
+mon? 
+
+' A< What I have taken from Herodotus in the Anfwer to 
+the preceding Queftion, proves the Oracle of Jupiter 
+Hammcn in Lilya, to have been as antient as that of Do~ 
+dona, whofe Hiftory we have feen. This other became 
+like wile famous, and they flowed from all Parts to con- 
+fiiit it, notwithftanding the Inconveniencies of fo long a 
+Jotfrney, and the burning Sands of Libya they had to go 
+
+through 
+
+
+
+Hiftory-of the Gods, Goddefies, £s ?c. i 6 g 
+
+through. One knows not well, what to think of the 
+Fidelity of the Priefts who mimftred-to the God : Some¬ 
+times they were', Proof againft Corruption, as appears 
+from the Charge they gave in at Spartc. againft LyJunder, 
+who had offered to bribe them, in that Scheme, he was 
+projecting to change the Order of Succellion to the Throne; 
+fometimes they were not To fcrupulous$ witnefs the Story 
+of Alexander, who, either to fereen the Reputation of 
+his*.Mother, or from pure Vanity, affe&ed to be the Son 
+of Jupiter i fince the Prieft of that God, flood inReadi^ 
+nefs to receive him, and faluted him. Son of the King of 
+the Gods. We learn from Qubit us Curtius , and other antient 
+Authors,, that the Statue of Jupiter Hammon has a Ram’s 
+Head with its Horns ; and from Diodorus Siculus , the 
+Manner in which the God delivered his Oracles, when one 
+came to confult him, twenty four of his Priefls bore upon 
+their. Shoulders in a gilded Barge, the Statue of their 
+God, iparkling with precious Stones ; and thus, without 
+keeping a conftant Courfe, they moved on, whitherfoever 
+they thought the Impulfe of the God carried them. A 
+Troop of Matrons and Virgins accompanied this Procef- 
+hon, tinging Hymns in Honour of Jupiter . Quintus Cur¬ 
+tius, who repoi ts the fame Story, Book v. ch. 7. add*, 
+that the Barge, on which they bore the Statue of this God, 
+was adorned with a great ’T.u.ny Silver Goblets, hanging 
+down on either Side,. Frobably, it was from fome Sign 
+or Motion of the Statue, that the Priefls pronounced the 
+Decitions of their God ; for as Strabo , Book xvii. remarks, 
+upon the Authority of Cali ft bines, the Refponfes of that. 
+God were not in Words, as at Delphi, and among the 
+Brancbidee , but a Sign; and he quotes upon this Occafi- 
+on thatVerfe in Homer; where the Poet fays, Jupiter 
+JigniJied bis Canfent by bending bis Brows. 
+
+Qj What do you fay of the Oracle of Apollo ? 
+
+A. The Oracle of Apollo , in the City of Heliopolis in 
+Egypt, according to Macrcbius, Satire, lib. i. ch. 23. that 
+God gave his Refponfes in the fame Way with Jupiter 
+Hammon ; 44 The Statue of that God, fays he, is carri- 
+46 ed in the fame Manner as thofe of the Gods, in the 
+4t Proceflion at the Circenjian Games, the Prieft attended 
+44 by the principal Perfons of the Country, who join in 
+“ the Ceremony, having their Heads ihaved, and after a 
+
+I ** long 
+
+$ 
+
+
+
+tyo Htflory of the Gods, Goddetfes, 
+
+“ long Continuance, fet forward, not as they are inclined 
+• c themfclves, but according as they are impelled by the 
+“ God whom they bear, by Motions refembling thofe of the 
+“ Statues of Fortune at Antium' . It was probably by 
+the fame Kind of Motions of the Statue of 'Jupiter Ph.'eus, 
+that his Priefts delivered their Oracles, as may be feen in 
+Eufebius , and in Rttfinus . 
+
+ijj. What have you to fay of the Oracle of Delphi ? 
+
+A. If the Oracle of Delphi was not the moft antient of 
+thofe in Greece, it was at leaft the moft celebrated, and 
+that which continued longeft. To relate all that has been, 
+faid about this Oracle would oblige me to copy all the an¬ 
+tient Authors, and not a few of the Moderns : And there¬ 
+fore to fatisfy thofe, who do not love long Narrations, 
+I fhall only give here an AbftradI of its Hiftory. 
+
+At what Time this Oracle was founded, is not known ; 
+which, in the firft Place, proves it to be of great Anti¬ 
+quity, nor was Apollo the firft who was confulted there. 
+But the Antients not being agreed,' as to the Gods who 
+had this Oracle fucceflively, it is neceflary to give their 
+Opinions. JEfchylus , in the Beginning of his Tragedy of 
+the Eunienidcs , fays, Terra was the firil who gave Ora¬ 
+cles there ; after her Themis, then Phat hr, another Daugh¬ 
+ter of Terra. Phcebe according to the Mythologifts, was 
+Mother to Latona, and Grand-mother to Af-oTo , and he, 
+in (hort, was the fourth. 0 ~ id, in Meta. Book i. Verfe 
+316. only informs us, that Themis delivered Oracles at the 
+Foot of Parnaffus ; and, that Pyrrha and Deucalion came 
+to confult her, about the Means of replenilhing the Earth, 
+whofe Inhabitants had been deftroyed by the Deluge. 
+Paufanias adds, that before Themis, Terra and Neptune had 
+likewife given their Oracles there ; and, if w f e take the 
+Authority of the old Scholiaft upon Lycophron , Saturn too 
+had been confulted, with Neptune and Terra. Diodorus 
+Siculus , who was at the Pains to enquire into the Origin of 
+this Oracle, reports. Book xvi. a Tradition, which He 
+had taken from Monument* of the greateft Antiquity. 
+Goats, fays he, that were feeding in the Valleys of Par- 
+naff us , gave Rife to the Difcovery of this Oracle. There 
+was in the Place, fince called the Sandtuary, a Hole, the 
+Mouth of which was very ftrait: Thefe Goats having 
+come near it with their Heads, began to leap and friflt 
+
+about 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, &c. lyt 
+
+about fo ftrangely, that the Shepherd, whom Plutarch 
+calls Corst'ts, being ftruck with it, came up to the Place, 
+and leaning over the Hole, was feized with a Fit of Ea¬ 
+ch uliafm, whereby he was prompted to utter fome extra¬ 
+vagant Expreflions, which paired for Prophecies. Tho 
+News of this Wonder, drew thither the People in the 
+Neighbourhood, who no fooner approached the Hole, 
+than they too were tranfported into the like Enthuliafm, 
+furprifed with fo aftonilhing a Prodigy, they fuppofed ic 
+to proceed from fome friendly Deity, or from the Earth 
+itfelf, and from that Time, they began to confer a pecu¬ 
+liar Worlhip upon the Divinity of the Place, and to look up¬ 
+on what was delivered in thofe Fits of Enthuhafm, as 
+Predictions and Oracles. The Place where the Hole was 
+obferved, was on a rifing Ground, near Pamaffus, a 
+Mountain in Pbocis, on the South-Side, and here they af¬ 
+terwards built the Temple and City of Delphi. Several 
+Gods having given Oracles there fucceflively, as has been, 
+already obferved, the Hiltorians and Poets give very 
+odd Accounts of the Manner of their abdicating their 
+Right. Terre, gave her Oracles herfelf, and Neptune his 
+by the Adminiltration of a Pried, named Pyrcon . From 
+Terra , the Oracle pafled to 7 btinis her Daughter, who 
+pofiefied ic pretty long; and refigned it in Favour of 
+polio , whom flie fondly doated upon. According to an 
+ancient Tradition followed by Euripides , in his Ipbigcnia, 
+the Refignation was far from being voluntary Apollo , 
+whom Pan had taught the Art of Prediction, being arriv¬ 
+ed at ParnaJCus , with the Equipage deferibed by Homer % 
+that is, cloathed in his immortal Robes, perfumed with 
+Elfences, and in his Hand a Golden Lyre, on which he 
+played melodious Airs, feized the Sanctuary by Force, 
+flew the Dragon, which Terra had polled there to be the 
+Keeper, and made himfelf Mailer of the Oracle. Nep¬ 
+tune, who like wife had his Share therein, not being incli¬ 
+ned to difpute it with his Nephew, exchanged it with 
+him for the Ifland of GaLixia , over againlt Trexene. 
+From that Time none but Apollo delivered Oracles at 
+Delphi . It is eafy to perceive, that the FiCtion has no 
+other Foundation but the Interefts of the Priefts, who 
+feeing the Zeal of the People turn cool, tried to awaken 
+it, prefenting them with new Objects of Worlhip. What¬ 
+ever be in that, the Oracle of Apoilo got the better of all 
+
+I s the 
+
+
+
+Hijtory of the Gods, Goddefles, EsiV. 
+
+the reft, both in its high. Reputation and Long (landing-. 
+Thither, they flocked from all Parts to confult the God; 
+Greeks, Barbarians , Princes and private Perfons, Men of 
+all Chara&ers, upon every minute Enterprize, as well as 
+Affairs of great Importance, came to Delpbos , either in 
+Perfon, or fent a Deputation, to know the Mind of A - 
+polio. Hence, the vaft Donations, and immenfe Riches ; 
+■wherewith the Temple and City was filled, and which 
+became fo confiderable, as to be compared to thofe of 
+the P erf an Kings. About the Time, when this Oracle 
+was firft difeovered, all the Myftery, requiiite to obtain 
+the prophetic Gift, was to approach the Cavern, and 
+fuck in the Vapours which ifl'ued from it, and at that Time, 
+the God infpired all Sorts of Perfons indifferently : But at 
+Length, feveral of thefe Enthufiafts, in the Excefs of 
+their Fury, having thrown themfelves headlong into the 
+Gulf, they thought fit to provide a Remedy againft that 
+Accident, which frequently happened. They fet over the 
+Hole a Machine, which they called a Tripod, becaufe it 
+had three Feet, and commiffioned a Woman to get upon 
+this Sort of Chair, whence (he might catch the Exhala¬ 
+tion, without any Danger, becaufe the three Feet of the 
+Machine flood upon the Rock. This Prieftefs was named 
+Pytbia, from the Serpent Python , (lain by Apollo, At 
+firft, there were promoted to this Miniftration young 
+Women, who were yet Virgins, and great Precaution, 
+was taken in the Choice of them. The Pythia was ordi¬ 
+narily chofen from a poor Family, where (he had lived in 
+Obfcurity, free from Luxury and AfFettation of Drefs, 
+and other gaudy Ornaments, with which young Women 
+fet themfelves to fhew. Ignorance itfelf was one of the 
+Things that qualified them for being promoted to this Dig¬ 
+nity, and no more was required in her who was to be 
+eledled, but to be able to fpeak and repeat what the God 
+dictated. The Cuftom of chufing young Women lafted 
+long ; and would have been kept up (till, had it not been 
+for an Accident, which occafioned its being abolifhed. 
+A young Tkef fall an, named Ecbecratrs, being at Delphi , 
+fee Diodorus ch. i. fell in Love with the Prieftefs, who 
+was extremely beautiful, and ravilhed her. To prevent 
+any Abufes of the like Nature for the future, the People 
+of Delphi , made an exprefs Law, ordaining, that none 
+lliould be chofen, but Women above 41 Years old. At 
+
+firftr 
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, Wc. i J3 
+
+they had only one Prieflefs, and fhe fufficed for 
+giving Refponfes to chofe who came to Delphi j but in Af¬ 
+ter-times, there were two or three of them. 
+
+The Oracles were not delivered every Day: Sacrifices- 
+repeated over and over again, until the God who deli¬ 
+vered them was pleafed, confirmed frequently a whole 
+Year, and it was only once a Year, in the Month bAiiv 
+which an! we red to the Beginning of Spring, that Apollo 
+infpired the Prieffcefs. Except on this fet Day, the Prieftefa 
+was forbid, on Pain of Death, to go into the Sanctu¬ 
+ary to confult Apollo* Alexander, who before his Expedi¬ 
+tion into AJta , came to Delphi on one of thofe lilent 
+Days, during which the SanCluary was (hut, entreated the 
+Prieftefs to mount the Tripod ; She refufed, and quoted 
+tire Law which flood in her way This Prince-being na¬ 
+
+turally hafey, and impatient to fet out, drew the Prieflcfe 
+by Force from her Cell, and was leading her himfeif to 
+the SanCtuary, which gave her Occafion to fay r My Son* 
+thou art in*viaeible. At the Words he cryed out, that ho 
+was fatisfyed, and would have no other Oracle. The 
+Pricftefs licrfelf made great Preparation for difeharging. 
+her Duty : She faded three Days, and before fne mount¬ 
+ed the Tripod, flie bathed herfclf in the Fountain of 
+Cajl'iliii . There- (he ordinarily wafhed her Feet and Hands, 
+fbmetimes her whole Body, and (he (wallowed a certain 
+Quantity of Water from that Fountain, becaufe Apollo was 
+thought to have communicated a Part of his Enthufiaflic 
+Virtue to it. After this (he was made to chew fome Leave? 
+of the Laurel .Tree, gathered near that Fountain: The 
+Laurel was the Symbol of Divination, and wanted not its 
+Influence to promote. Enthuliafm. After thefe great Pre¬ 
+parations, Apollo gave Signals himfeif of his Arrival in 
+the Temple; the whole Fabrick, by I know not what 
+Artifice, trembled and (hook its very Foundation, as like- 
+wife a Laurel Tree which was at the Entry of the Tem¬ 
+ple : Then the Priefts, who were like wife called Pro¬ 
+phets, took Hold of the Prieflefs, led her into the SanCt- 
+nary, and placed her upon the Tripod. As foon as (he 
+began to be agitated by the divine Exhalation, you might 
+have feen her Hair (land an End, her Mein grow wild 
+and ghafily, her Mouth begin to foam, and her whole 
+Body fuddenly feized with violent Tremblings. In this 
+Plight (he attempted to get away from the Prophets, who 
+
+L 3_. holding 
+
+
+
+174 Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c, 
+
+holding her as it had been by Force, while her Shrieks, 
+and Howlings made the whole Temple refcund, and fill¬ 
+ed the By-Panders with a facred Horror In fine, being 
+no longer able to refill the Impulfe of the God, fhe gave 
+herfelf up to him, and at certain Intervals uttered fome 
+uncon netted Words, which the Prophets carefully pick¬ 
+ed up, ranged them in Order, and putin Form of Verfe, 
+giving them a Connection, which they had not as they 
+were delivered by the Prieftefs (fee Hero lotus, Plutarch, and 
+Strabo). The Oracle being pronounced, fhe was taken 
+down from the Tripod and conducted back to her Cell; 
+where fhe continued for feveral Days, to recover herfelf 
+from her Conflict. We are told by Lucan, that fpeedy 
+.Death was frequently the Confequence of her Enthuliafm. 
+As the Prieftefs was only the Initrument made Ufe of to 
+reveal the Will of Apollo, fo the Oracle had feveral other 
+Minifters ; Priefts or Prophets, who took Care of every 
+Thing belonging to it; who chufc the ViCtims, offered up 
+the Sacrifices, repeated them when they were not propi¬ 
+tious, conducted the Prieftefs to the Tripod, where they 
+placed her in a convenient Pofture for receiving all the 
+Vapour that ifliied from the Cave, at the Mouth of which 
+Hie fat, they put her Words together, and delivered them 
+to the Poets, another Sort of Minifters, by whom they were 
+putin Verfe. From a PafTage in Plutarch it appears, that 
+thole Poets, together with the Prophets, w r ere about the 
+Prieftefs when fhe pronounced the Words which the God 
+dictated to her. The Verfes compofed by tliefe Poets were 
+ltiff, of a wretched Compofition, and always obfeure; 
+"which gave Occafion to that Piece of Raillery, That A - 
+■polio, the Prince of the Muf>s , was the worft of Poets. 
+Sometimes the Prieftefs herfelf pronounced her Oracles in 
+Verfe, at leaftwe are told fo of one of them, called Pbt- 
+yr.omenoe : In latter Times they contented themfelves with 
+delivering them in Profe 5 and this Plutarch reckons to 
+have been one Caufe of the Declenfion of the Oracle. 
+
+
+What do you fay of the Oracle of ‘Trcpbonius ? 
+
+A. Tho' Prophonius was only a Heroe, nay, according 
+to fome Authors, an execrable Robber; yet he had an 
+Oracle in Bceotia, which became exceeding famous, and 
+where grand Ceremonies were ufed before obtain¬ 
+ing the Refponfe. As no Body has deferibed it more fully 
+
+and 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &vr. 175 
+
+and. more accurately than Paufanias who had confulted ic, 
+and fubmitted to all its irkfome Formalities, we cannot 
+do better than tranfcribe what he fays of this Parfonage 
+and his Oracle in his Btrotia , p. 599. Erginns , fays he, 
+tlie Son of Clymenus, King of Ore,j^vicr,us, being far ad¬ 
+vanced in Years, and inclined to marry, came to coniult 
+the Oracle of Apollo , Whether he ftiould have Children ? 
+The Prieftefs, puzzled with this Queftion, anfwered him 
+in enigmatical Terms, that tho’ he was rather too late in 
+coming to a Refolution, yet he might entertain good Hopei 
+if he married a young Wife. Conformable to this Re- 
+fponfe, he married a young Woman, by whom he had 
+two Sons, Trophonius and Agamades, who both of them 
+became afterwards great Architects. By them was built 
+the Temple of A folio at Delpbos, and Hyrieus's Treafure- 
+houfe. In the Conltru&ion of this Edifice they had re- 
+courfe to a fecret Stratagem, known to none but them- 
+fielves; By Means of a Stone in the Wall, which they 
+had the Art of taking out and butting in again, fo as no 
+Body could difeover, they had Accefs every Night to this 
+Treafury, and robbed Hyrieus of his Money. He obferv- 
+ing his Money diminilhed, and yet no Appearance of the 
+Boors being opened, fet a Trap about the Veflels which 
+contained his Treafure, and there Agamides was catched. 
+
+'Trophonius not knowing how to extricate him, and fearing 
+left-, if he was the next Day put to the Rack, he Ihould 
+difeover the Secret, cut off his Head. Paufanias gives 
+us no Account of the Life of * Trophonius ; only, as to the 
+’Manner of his Death, he tells us that the Earth opened 
+and fwallowed him alive, and that the Place where it hap¬ 
+pened is Hill called at this Day Agamidcs'% Pit, which is to 
+be feen in a facred Grove of Lehadea, with a Pillar fet o- 
+ver it. The Death of thofe two Brothers is told otherwise 
+by Plutarch, who cites Pindar. After the Building of the 
+Temple of Delpbos , whofe Foundation was laid by Apollo 
+himfelf, as it is in Homer , they asked their Reward of 
+that God, who ordered them to wait eight Days, and in 
+the mean Time to make merry ; but at the End of that 
+Term they were found dead, hibadea , continues Paufa - 
+nias, is a City as much adorned as any throughout Greece: 
+The facred Grove of Trophonius , with his Statue, which 
+is the Work of Praxiteles . They who come to confult 
+this Oracle, mull perform certain Ceremonies; before they 
+
+I 4 s° 
+
+
+
+xy6 Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+go down into the Cave where the Refponfes are given 
+they muft pafs fome Days in a Chapel dedicated to Csvd- 
+Genius, and to Fortun ; that Time is fpent in Self-purifi¬ 
+cation, by bflinence from all Things unlawful, and in 
+making Ufs of the Cold-bath, for the Warm-baths are 
+prohibited ; thus the Suppliant is not allowed to wafh 
+himfelf, unlefs in the Water of the River Hcrcyna. He 
+muft facrifice to : Trfphomus and all his Family, to Jupiter 
+fur named King, to Saturn, to Ceres furnamed Europe, who 
+was believed to have been Erepbomus 's Nurfe; thus the 
+God had plentiful Provifion of Flefh offered to him in 
+Sacrifice. There were Diviners alfo to confult the En¬ 
+trails of every Viflim, to know if it was agreeable to 
+*ircpbcnius, that the Pcrfon fhould come down into his 
+Cave ; but he efpecially revealed his Mind by the Entrails 
+of a Ram which was offered to him in the laft Place. If 
+the Omens were favourable, the Suppliant was led that 
+T\ight to the River Hercyndj where two Boys about twelve 
+or thirteen Years old, ( Vaufanias fays they were called 
+Mr.-curbs) anointed his whole Body with Oil. Then he 
+was conducted as far as the Source of the River, and was 
+made to drink two Sorts of Water ; that of Lctbc> which 
+effaced from his Mind all profane Thoughts ; and that of 
+Mne7jwfync , which had the Quality of enabling him to re¬ 
+tain whatever lie was to fee in the facred Cave. After all 
+this Apparatus, the Priefts prefented to him the Statue of 
+'Trof ho?:ii!s, to which he was to addrefs a Prayer : Then he 
+got a Linnen Tunic to put on, which was adorned with fa¬ 
+cred Fillets ; and after all, was folemnly conducted to the 
+Oracle. This Oracle was upon a Mountain, within anlnclo- 
+fure made of white Stones, upon which were eredled Obe- 
+lifks of Brafs. In this Inclofure was a Cave, of the Fi¬ 
+gure of an Oven, cut out by Art, the Mouth cf it was 
+narrow, and the Defcent to it was not by Steps, but by a 
+fmall Ladder. When they were got down, they found 
+another fmall Cave, the Entrance to which was very ftrait: 
+The Suppliant preftrated himfelf on the Ground, carrying 
+a certain Comp'ofirion of Honey in either Hand, without 
+which he is not admitted; he firft puts down his Feet into 
+the Mouth of the Cave, and inftantly his whole Body is 
+forcibly drawn in. They, who are admitted were favour¬ 
+ed with Revelations, but not all in the fame Manner: 
+Some had the Knowledge of Futurity by Yifion, others 
+
+
+
+ft * ^ 
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, G?<r. 177 
+
+by'an audible Voice. Having got their Refponfe, they 
+came out of the Cave, the fame Way they went in, prof- 
+trate on the Ground, and their Feet foremoft. Then the 
+Suppliant was conduced to the Chair of Mnemojyne, and 
+there being fet down was interrogated about what he had 
+feen or heard : From that he was broughtback quite ftupified 
+and fenelefs into the Chapel of Good Genius, till he (hould 
+recover his Senfes $ after which he was obliged to write 
+down in a Table-book, all that he had feen or heard j 
+which the Priefts interpreted in their own Way. Paufanias 
+adds, that there never had been any but one Man who en¬ 
+tered Tropbonius' s Cave without coming out again. This 
+was a Spy fent thither by Demetrius, to fee whether in chat 
+holy Place there was any Thing worth plundering. His 
+Body was found far from thence, and it is likely, that h'13 
+Delign being difcovered, the Priefts aftafiinated him in the 
+Cave, and carried out his Carcafs by fome Paflfage where¬ 
+by they themfelves came into the Cave without being per¬ 
+ceived. The fame Author concludes : What I have wrote*, 
+is not Hear-fay, I relate what 1 have feen happen to others*. 
+and what happened to myfelf: For to he ajjured of the Truths 
+I went down into the Gave, and confulted the Oracle,. 
+
+Q What fay you of the other Oracles ? 
+
+A . After having fpoken at fome Length of the princi¬ 
+pal Oracles, it will not be amifsto fay fomething of thofe; 
+who are of lefs Note. Apcilo of all the Gods, was he 
+who had the greateft Number. That of Claros, a Town ■ 
+in Ionia, near Colophon, tho’ of lefs Antiquity than feve-- 
+ral others, was yet very famous, and very often confulted.- 
+The City Clares is thought to have been founded by Man- 
+to, the Daughter of Firefias, after the fecond War of- 
+Thth'S, fome Years before the Taking of I my. This 
+Daughter, of whom Antiquity tells many. Wonders, with. 
+Refpe& to her prophetic Gift, delivering the Miferies of 
+her Country, melted into Tears, and thefe Tears of her$ 
+formed a Fountain and Lake, whofe Water communi¬ 
+cated the Gift of Prophecy to thofe who drank it: But th©r 
+Water not being wholefome, it likewife brought Difeafes,. 
+and was a Means of ftiortning Life. Pliny , Book ii eh. 
+103. fpeaking of it, exprefies himfelf to this Purpofe t 
+Colophone in Apollonis Clarii Specti Lacies ef, cujus Pctu mira 
+redduntur Oracula, Bibcntium breviore Vita. The fame God 
+
+I 5. had 
+
+
+
+178 Htfiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 
+
+had a great many others, of which I (hall name the prin¬ 
+cipal from Vt » /* « l>, d- oraculoruF'bnicomm duration# 
+€it( r ,e mil} itu : There was one, ai d that a very famous* 
+one too, in the Suburbs of Orpiiu at Antin'! . According 
+to A." a, one in the Ifland of Deles , which was thought 
+to be r he Birth-place of that God. According to Hcrodo- 
+tu., he had one at D.uytn.. among the Brancbidez* One 
+at Arg as we learn from Paujcniusy in Troas, and in. 
+JEolis, according to Stephanus . At Bai<e in It' ly, as we 
+learn from (.a. ..cunuu In Cilicia, in Egypt, in the Alps* 
+in '.'bract, at Corinth, in Are adit , in Laconia-. Inline, 
+in an Infinity of other Places, as may be feen in that Place 
+of the modern Author which I have juft now quoted. Tho* 
+the other Gods had not an equal Share with Apc.Uo the 
+God of Divination, yet every one of them almoft had 
+his Oracle. "Jupiter befides that of Dc-dona and fome 
+others, the Honour whereof he (hared with Apollo, had 
+one in B.eotia, under the Name of Jupiter the Thunderer, 
+and another in E/is, one at Thebes, and at Mtrae 5 one. 
+near Antioch, and feveral others. AEJulapius was confult- 
+ed in Cilicia, at Apollonia, in the Ifle of Ccs, at Pergamus ,. 
+EpidaznuRente, and elfewhere. Mercury, at Patras, up¬ 
+on Hemon, and in other Places. Mat s,, in * 7 brace, Egypt* 
+and elfewliere. Ha cults, at Cadiz, Athens , in Egypt, at 
+' Tripoli, in M< fopetranio y where, according to Tacitus, he 
+gave his Oracles by Dreams, whence he got the Name of 
+Somninlis, as may be feen in an Infcription of Spon , and.- 
+In another cited by Rein-f.us. If-s , OJiris , and Set-apis, 
+delivered in like Manner their Oracles by Dreams, as we 
+learn from Paujamas, "Tacitta, Arrian , and feveral others.. 
+This Manner of giving Oracles was very common: By 
+this we may explain their Infcriptions cited by Grutcr , in- 
+which we read. Ex <vifu Due : P'iJu JuJ/a pofuit , Viju mo - 
+7 xi tut, St sun: a monitus. Sec. That of Atnphilochus, menti¬ 
+oned by Dion, was likewife delivered by Dream. The 
+Ox Apis had alfo his Oracle in Egypt, the Manner of con¬ 
+sulting whom was fingular. If he eat what was offered 
+him by the Suppliant, it was a good Sign ; but a bad one 
+when he refuied it, as it happened to Cermanuus . It was. 
+much die fame with the Ceremony pra&ifed at Rome , 
+when they drew good or bad Omens from what they called 
+their facred Chickens ; as if the Events of Futurity had 
+depended upon the good Appetite or full Stomach of an, 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, Goddefies, & 5 V. 179 
+
+Ox, or of a Chicken. The Gods called Cabin , if we 
+may credit St. Athenajius , had their Oracle in. Basotia. 
+Diana, the Sifter of Apollo, had not a few: She had one 
+in Egypt, fays Herodotus, in Cilicia, at Epbe/us, not to 
+mention feveral others. Virgil makes mention of that of 
+Faunus in Italy . Thofe of Fortune at Prrenejle, and of 
+the Lots at Antium, are too well known to need any En¬ 
+largement upon this Subject. The Fountains too delivered 
+Oracles, for to each of them a Divinity was afcribed:. 
+Such, in particular, was the Fountain of Caftalia at Del¬ 
+phi, another of the fame Name in the Suburbs of Anti - 
+och, and the prophetic Fountain near the Temple of Ce¬ 
+res in Acbaia. What Pliny tells us of that of Litnyra, i9 
+very lingular : It gave Oracles by Means of the Fifties. 
+The Confulters prefented Meat to them : If the Fifties fell 
+on greedily it was a favourable Omen, for the Event about 
+which they came to interrogate them ; if they refufed the 
+Bait, by rejecting it with their Tail, it betokened bad Suc- 
+cefs. Juno had feveral Oracles: One near Corinth , one 
+at Nyja, and in other Places. Latona, according to Hero¬ 
+dotus 9 had one at Bates in Egypt . Leucothoe had hers at 
+Cilchis , according to Strabo. Memnon , in Egypt, as we 
+learn from Tacitus and Lucan. Machaon, at Gcrania in- 
+
+Laconia , according to Paufanias . Minerva, who was de¬ 
+nominated Fatidica , of Confequence was not without her 
+Oracles : She had one in Egypt, (fee Herodotus,) in Spain » 
+upon Mount tna , at Mycen<r, in Colchis , and elfewhere. 
+Thofe of Neptune were at Delphos, and at CaUuria, near 
+Ntoeefaria , and elfewhere. The Nymphs had theirs in the 
+Cave of Ecrycia, Pan had feveral, the moil famous of 
+which was that in Arcadia . That of the Palici, accord¬ 
+ing to Macro bins, Virgil, and Stephanas, was in Sicily* 
+Pluto had one at Nyfa, as we learn from Strabo . Saturn 
+had of them in feveral Places j but the moft famous was 
+that of Cunics in Italy, and that of Alexandria in Egypt.. 
+Lucan difeourfes of that of the Syrian Goddefs; Gruter 
+of that of Sylvanus. ThoTe of Venus were difperled in 
+feveral Places, at Gaxa, upon Mount Libanus , at Paphos , 
+in Cyprus, &c. Serapis had one at Alexandria,, which 
+Vcfpajian went to confult; * the Prieflwho miniftred to the 
+God would only reveal to him in fecret what he had to 
+tell him, concerning the grand Defigns he had in View-. 
+
+16 Upon 
+
+
+tSo Tlijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+Upon which I fhall remark by the Way, that it was a ve^ 
+ry rare Thing for thole who came to confult the Oracles 
+to be permitted to enter the San 61 uary ; and Van Dale, 
+who has exhauftedthe Subject, finds buttwo Examples of 
+It j that of jiLxundtr, who, as Plutarch reports after Ga-> 
+iijtht n ?.±, entered alone into tire Sanctuary of Hammony 
+and that of ViJp..Ju>n y who, according to Tacitus, was in¬ 
+troduced into that of Serapts. I cannot pafs in. Silence 
+that of V*nui A, ha cite, mentioned by Zoximtis, which, 
+was confulted by the Parm‘.n:u 7 ,s, who revolted, under the 
+Reign of urj u about the Year of Jefus Chrijl 27Z- 
+Aphuc » (It is a Syr in Word, and fignifies an Embrace) was 
+aPace between Hcliyr.iis and byblus, where Venus had a. 
+Temple, hard by which was a Lake refembling a Ciftern. 
+They who came to confult the Oracle of that Goddefs, threw 
+Prefents into the Lake ; and it was no Matter what Kind 
+they were of.. If they were acceptable to Venus, they 
+■went to the Bottom, if fhe reje&ed them, they fwam on 
+the Surface, even tho’ of Gold or Silver. The Hiflori- 
+an I have quoted, fubjoins, that in the Year, which pre¬ 
+ceded the Ruin of the Pahnartnians, their Prefents lunk. 
+to the Bottom, but that in the following Year all floated, 
+above. Ammicanus Marccllinus tells of a God called Be - 
+tza, who had an Oracle at Abydos, in the Extremity of 
+Thebaic, which was delivered by Letters under a Seal. 
+Zozimus reports that fome of thofe Letters which had been- 
+left in the Temple of that God, were fent to ConJla?itius . 
+Upon which the Emperor caufed veiy ftrick Enquiry to 
+be made, and imprifoned, or banifhed a confidcrable. 
+Number of Perfons : Probably the Oracle had been con¬ 
+fulted about the Fate of the Empire, or the Succefs of fome.- 
+Plot, they were forming againft the Emperor. It is hard¬ 
+ly credible that Gcryon, the Three-headed Monfier, who 
+was (lain by Hercules , jfhould have had an Oracle. He 
+.had one however, as well as his Conqueror: This Oracle* 
+was in Italy, near Padua ; and Suetonius tells us in the 
+Life of Tiberius, that Tiberius went to confult that God. 
+There was a Fountain of Aponus, which, if we may 
+believe Clrudian , reflored Speech to the Dumb, and 
+cured all Sorts of Difeafes. That of Hercules was in 
+Triarchy and was given by Lots, as Statius tells us, much 
+after the Manner of thofe of Fortune at Prenejle, and at. 
+
+Aatium , 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, tSc. . iSr. 
+
+» / • 
+
+Antium . I have fpoke of Fountains .whofe Raters._had a- 
+prophetic . Virtue. The Rivers did pot enjoy the fame 
+Prerogative ; we find one however that was privileged,, 
+and which, according to Pliny the Youngerj had an Ora¬ 
+cle. It was Clitumntts, a River in U?nbria. The Tempi**, 
+of that God, fays this Author, is antient, and much re¬ 
+vered : Ciitiannus is there dreffed in a Roman Garb. The 
+Lots denote the Prefence and Power of the Divinity*. 
+There was likewife in the fame ?lace, feveral Chapels*, 
+fome of which have Fountains and Springs ; for Clitum- 
+nus is as it were the Father of feveral other {mail Rivers*, 
+which unite their Streams with his- Nor was it only th* 
+Gods had Oracles : The Demi-gods and Heroes had. 
+theirs too. Lufutius {peaks of that of Cajlor and Pollux, 
+which was at Lacedemon . Bartbius makes Mention of that 
+of Ampbiarafis at Cropus, in Macedonia, and Mop/us had 
+likewife one in Cilicia y as we learn from the Antients. The. 
+Head of Orpheus, according to Ovid,, delivered Refporn* 
+fe3 at Lcjbos', Aznpbilochus , at Maltese Sarpcden, in Proas $ 
+Hermionc , in Macedonia ; Phafaphae, in Laconia ; as we 
+learn from T ertullian who, in his Book Upon the Soul,. 
+cites the Work of Hermippus; Calc as, in Italy; Arijl^eus 
+in Bceotia 5 Autolycus, at Sinape ; Pryxus , among the Co/- 
+chi; that of Rbefus, was at PangeaUlyjfcs if we may 
+believe the old Commentator on Lycophron, had likewife 
+an Oracle; and fo had Zemolxzs , among the Gctes, as 
+Strabo allures us. Not to mention a great many more. 
+Even Epbcjiion too, Alexander's Minion, and Anrinaus, 
+had Oracles. After the Death of the former, nothing, 
+would fatisfy Alexander, but to have Epbcjiion to be made 
+a God ; and all the Courtiers of that Prince confented 16 
+it without the lead Hefitation, immediately Temples were 
+built to him in feveral Towns; Feftivals inftituted to his 
+Honour; Sacrifices ofFered; Cures aferibed to him ; and 
+that nothing may be wanting. Oracles are given out in. 
+his Name. 
+
+Hadrian pra&ifed the fame Fooleries towards Antinousi 
+He caufcd the City of Antinopolis to be built to his Memo¬ 
+ry, gave him Temples and Prophets, fays St. Jerorn j 
+now Prophets only belonged to the oracular Temples* 
+We have {till a Greek Jnfcription to this Purpofe, 
+
+T © 
+
+
+
+x 8 2 Hijiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, 
+
+TO ANTINOUS, THE COMPANION OF THE 
+GODS OF EGYPT; M. ULPIUS APOLLONIUS 
+
+HIS PROPHET. 
+
+After this we fhall not be furprifed at Augujlus's having 
+delivered Oracles at Rome, as we learn from Pi ud, ntius . 
+Thefe modern Oracles however were never in fo much 
+Repute as the antient ones, and they made thefe new 
+created Gods deliver only fo many Refponfes as were 
+thought convenient, in Order to make their Court to the 
+Princes who deified them. And to be fhort, they did not 
+confult them very fcrioufly ; and in Affairs of Importance, 
+they ftill had Recourfe to Delphos, Claras, or the Cave of 
+
+Y rophonius . 
+
+But there would be no End of it, was I to enumerate 
+all the Png, n Oracles. Van Dale, after having difeourfed 
+of the chief of them, contents himfelf with naming 
+thofe at the End of his Work ; a Lift of whom he had 
+colle&ed from the Antients : And in this Lift, which may 
+be confulted, he reckons up near three hundred, the moft 
+of them belonging to Greece. But to be fure he has not 
+named them all j for there were few Temples where there 
+was not an Oracle, or fome other Sort of Divination. 
+Of all the Parts of Greece, Pceotia was that which had 
+moft of them, upon Account of the Mountains and Ca¬ 
+verns it was full of : For it is proper to remark with M. 
+Fonttn,lie, that nothing fuited better with Oracles than 
+Caverns and Mountains. Plutarch remarks, that there 
+were more than five and twenty in Baeotia alone, which 
+was a very fmall Province. As many were reckoned in 
+the Ptlcpone/us , and fifteen about Delphi, either at the fame 
+Time or fuccefiively. It was in thefe Caves, whofc View 
+infpired a Sort of religious Horror, that the Priefts 
+could artfully contrive Palfages, whereby to go in and 
+come out, without being perceived; Machines, hollow 
+Statues, within which they hid themfelves, and feveral 
+other Conveniencies to give more Reputation to their O- 
+xacles. For, in fine, although I am perfuaded, with the 
+►moft learned Fathers of the Church, that the Devil 
+prefided over Oracles, and that it was either he himfelf 
+perfonally prefent, or the Priefts atted by him, who de¬ 
+livered Refponfes concerning future Events; fince, let 
+
+Men 
+
+
+
+Htflory of the Gods, Goddeffes, £s?c. igg 
+
+Men fay what they will, there is no other poffible Way of 
+explaining all that we learn from Antiquity relating to 
+thefe Reponfes : Yet I am fully convinced, that the Cheats 
+of the Priefts had often, nay, for the moll Part, if you 
+will, a very great Hand in them; and confequently we 
+may believe, that they neglefted no Methods for fupport- 
+ing their Impoftures. The Difcovery which Darnel made 
+of the Tricks of Belus' s Priefts, who came in by Night 
+thro 1 fubterraneous Paffages, and carried off the Meat, 
+which they faid was eat up by the God himfelf; this, I 
+fay, is a convincing Proof of the. Cheats that were prac- 
+tifed in the Pagan Temples; a Proof which leaves no 
+Room to doubt but the like Tricks were ufed in the Ora- 
+cles. Accordingly, when the Chriftian Religion had once 
+triumphed over Idolatry, and when the Oracles were a- 
+bolifhed with it, there were Difcoveries made in the Caves 
+and Dens where there had been Oracles, and feveral 
+Marks of the Fraud and Impofture of the Minifters who 
+had the Charge of them. To conclude, we muft not 
+think, that all the Oracles we have been fpeaking of, and 
+others, of which we know but the bare Names, did fub- 
+fift at one. and the fame Time. There were fome of them, 
+older, fome of them later, and of all Dates, from that 
+of Dodona, which was looked upon as the moft antient, 
+down to that of Ant hums , which may be reckoned the 
+laft. Sometimes even the antient ones came to be laid a- 
+lide. Their Credit was loft, either by difcovering the 
+Impoftures of their Minifters, or by Wars which laid 
+wafte the Places where they were, or by other Accidents 
+unknown. One Thing we know, that the immenfe Riches 
+which were at Delphi , had frequently been a Temptation 
+to rifle that Temple, as was done more than once; tho? 
+at the fame Time thofe Pillagers did not make the Oracle 
+to ceafe. The Oracle of Delphi was pillaged by a Rob¬ 
+ber, of the Race of the Pklegrteam .. By the Pho dans, 
+by Pyrrus , by Nero, and laftly by the Chrifiians . Upon 
+the Ruin of thofe, they took Care to find: new ones in 
+their Room;, and thefe in their Turn gave Place to others; 
+But the precife Time of the Declenfion of many of thofe 
+Oracles, and of the Inftitudon of the new, is not known* 
+
+
+What were the various Manners in which the O- 
+racks were delivered ? 
+
+J- Wt 
+
+
+
+184 Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &ci 
+
+. A. We have feen in. what Manner feveral Oracles were 
+given ; that at Delphi , they interpreted and put into Verfe 
+what the Prieftefs pronounced in the Time of her Fury 3. 
+that at the Oracle of Hammett 9 it was the Priefts who pro¬ 
+nounced the Refponfe of their God; that at Doaon -, 9 the 
+Refponfe was given from the Hollow of an Oak; that at 
+the Cave of \Crophonius , the Oracle was gathered from 
+what the Suppliant faid before he recovered his Senfes 5 
+that at Memphis , they drew a good or bad Omen, accord¬ 
+ing as the Ox Apis received or rejected what was prefented 
+to him; and that it was thus likewife with the Fifties of 
+the Fountain of Limyra. We mull now add, that die 
+Refponfe of the God was oft^n given from the Bottom of 
+hi6 Statue, whether it was the Devil delivered his Oracles 
+there, or the Priefts, who had hollowed thofe Statues and 
+found a Way to convey themfelves thither, by fome fub- 
+terraneous Paffage; for to fay it over again, the Suppli¬ 
+ants were not allowed to enter the Sanduaries where the 
+Oracles were given, far lefs to appear too curious in that 
+Point. Accordingly they took Care, that neither the Epi- 
+cur eons nor Cbrijiians ftiould come near them 3 and the 
+Reafon is very obvious. In feveral Places the Oracles were 
+given by Letters fealed up ; as in that of Mopfus , and at 
+Mattes in Cilicia, They who came to confult thefe Ora¬ 
+cles were obliged to give his Letters into the Priefts Hands, 
+or to leave them upon the Altar, and to lie in the Temple 3. 
+and it was in the Time of his Sleep that he received the 
+Anfwer to his Letter 5 whether it was that the Prieft had 
+the Secret of opening the Letters, as Luci.-n allures 
+us of his falfe Prophet Alexander, who had founded his 
+Oracle in Plutus ; or whether there was Something fuper- 
+natural in the Cafe, I lhall not determine. The Marnier 
+of delivering the Oracle at Cl ? • s had fomewhat ftill ex¬ 
+traordinary, fince no more was required but that the Per- 
+fon fhould communicate his Name to the Prieft of that 
+God. T acitus is my Author, “ Germanics 9 fays he, went 
+“ to confult the Oracle of Clares, The Refponfes of 
+iC that God are not delivered by a Woman, as at Vtlphcs, 
+** but by a Man, chofen out of a particular Family, and 
+IC who is fpr the moft Part of Miletus. All he requires 
+* e is to be told the Number and the Names of the Sup- 
+“ pliants. Then he retires into a Grove, and having 
+** taken Water from a fccret Spring, he gives a Refponfe 
+
+
+
+Tlifiory of the Gods, Goddel&fs, &C-. 18$ 
+
+
+
+« s in Verfe, fuitable to what every one has been thinking 
+« upon ; tho’ for the moft Part he is extremely ignorant 1 ': 
+Among the Oracles which were delivered in a Dream, 
+there were fome for which Preparations were nccefiary by 
+Fallings, as that in Amphiaraus \vi Attica , as Philcjiratu's 
+informs us of him, and fome others, where they were ob¬ 
+liged to fleep upon the Skins of the Vi&ims. One of th£ 
+moft fmgular Oracles was that of Mercury;, in A chat a, 
+which Potipintas treats of after a great many Ceremonies, 
+which we need not here enumerate; they whifpered in the 
+Ear of the God, and asked him, What they were defirous 
+to know ? Then they Hopped their Ears with their Hands, 
+went out of the Temple, and the firft Words they heard 
+upon their coming out, was the Refponfe of the God. 
+Oracles were frequently given .by Lot f and this is whafc 
+we muft explain. The Lots were a Kind of Dice, on 
+which were engraven certain Characters or Words, Wucfe 
+Explication they were to look for in Tables made for the 
+Purpofe. The Way of ufing thofe Dice for knowing 
+Fulurity was different, according to the Places where they 
+were ufed. In feme Temples, the Perfon threw himfelfj 
+in others, they were dropped from a Box; whence came 
+the proverbial Exprcfhon, The Lot is fallen. This Playing 
+with Dice was always preceded by Sacrifices, and other 
+ufual Ceremonies. There were of thofe Lots in feveral 
+Oracles, even at Poclana, as appears in the Cafe of th« 
+
+L .7 oedema a ims, when they came . thither for a Confuta¬ 
+tion, as we have it in Cicero ; but the moft famous Lots 
+were at Antium and Pr.rtiejle, two Towns in Italy* * At 
+Pr.rnejlc it was the Goddefs; and at Antium , the Goddeffes 
+of Fortune $ that is, her Divinity - -was reprefented by 
+Statues. Thofe of Auzimn had this Singularity, that they 
+moved themfelves, according to Mocrorizc 's Teftimonys 
+and their various Movements ferved, either for the Re¬ 
+fponfe, or fignified if the Lots could be confuited.. From, 
+a Paffage in Cicero, Where he fays, the Lots of Prteneft’e 
+were confuited by Confent of Fotruaty it would, fee mi, 
+that the Fortune which was in that City was a Sort of 
+Automaton , like thofe at Antium , which gave-fome Sign 
+with its Head, much like that of Jupiteli-.mimn ; who*, 
+as has been faid, thus fignified to the Priefts, who carried 
+him in Proceffion, what Routs they were to take. An. 
+Event, which Suetonius relates, undoubtedly raifed the Lots 
+
+of' 
+
+
+
+*8 6 Hijlory of the Gods, GoddeiTes, (Sc. 
+
+of Prteiiefie to great Reputation, contrary to the Inten¬ 
+tion of ‘ Tiberius , who was going to deftroy them ; fincehe 
+tells us, that they were not to be found in a Coffer fecurely 
+fealed, when the Coffer was opened at Rome , but when 
+brought back to Pr<cnefte they were again found. In 
+Greece and Italy they frequently drew Lots, from feme 
+celebrated Poets as Hcmer and Bur ip ids; and what pre- 
+fented itfelf upon opening the Book was the Decree of 
+Heaven j of this, Hiflory furnifhes us a thoufand Exam¬ 
+ples. Nothing is yet more common than the Sortcs Vir- 
+giliana .or Lots which wer® drawn from Virgil's Poems. 
+Lcimpridius informs us, that Alexander $ events, when yet 
+a private Man, and at a Time when the Emperor Helioga- 
+bolus bore no good Will to him, received by Way of R.e- 
+fponfe, that PalTage in Virgil 
+
+Siqua Fata 
+
+ttfpera rumpas , tu Iriaralius ct'is- 
+
+If thou catijl bv any Means fur mount Jew ere Dffliny, then 
+/halt be Marcellus. In the Bajicrn Countries, Arrows 
+ferved for Lots ; and thefe the lurks and Arabians ufe at 
+this Day, in the fame Way as the Antients did. We learn 
+of the Prophet Esse kid, that Netuchadnexzar, coming from 
+Babylon with a great Army, flopped in a crofs Way, to 
+know by Means of the Arrows which he mingled, Mif- 
+cuit Sagittai, if he fliould make War upon Egypt, or a- 
+gainft the Jtws ; and the Prophet adds that the Lot fell 
+upon ye• ufalen :. Under this Head we may take in the Sibyl- 
+lint. Books, which were looked upon at Rome as a contar- 
+nual Oracle; but this I lhall refer till I come to fpeak of 
+tliofe Prophetc fies. 
+
+Lots were even introduced into Cbrijlianity , and taken 
+from the facred Books, where the firft Words that threw 
+up decided what they wanted to know. The ordinary 
+Ambiguity of the Oracles, and their double Meaning, 
+could not chufe but be a great Support to them j fince, by 
+interpreting them in a certain Senfe, which they could bear, 
+the Oracle was fure to be fulfilled. Thus the Refponfes 
+given to Crajus 9 by the Prieftefs of Dclphos , muft in all 
+Events have appeared a true Predi&ion. Crajus , faid the 
+Prietfefs, in pajjing the Halys Jhall overthrow a great 
+Empire. For, if that Lydian Monarch had conquered 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefies, Esfr. 187 
+
+Cvrus, he overthrew the A/Tyrian Empire; if he himfelf 
+was routed he overturned his own. That delivered Pyr¬ 
+rhus King of Epirus, which is comprifed in this LatinV erfe. 
+
+Credo equidem JEaddas Romanos vhicere pojfe. 
+
+had the fame Advantage ; for, according to the Rules of 
+Syntax, either of the two Accufatives may be governed 
+by the Verb, and the Verfe be explained, either by fay¬ 
+ing, The Romans fliall conquer the JEacida .’, of whom Pyr¬ 
+rhus was defcended, or Thefe fliall conquer the Romans . 
+When Alexander fell lick at Babylon, fome of his Cour¬ 
+tiers, who happened to be in Egypt, or who went thither 
+on Purpofe, palled the Night in the Temple of Seraph, 
+to enquire if it would not be proper to bring Alexander to 
+be cured by him. The God anfwered, It was better that 
+Alexander remain where he was. This in all Events was 
+a very prudent and fafe Anfwer. If the King recovered 
+his Health, what Giory muffc S.raf is have gained by fav- 
+ing him the Fatigue of the Journey ? If he died in a 
+favourable Juncture after fo many Conquefts; which, had 
+he lived, he could neither have enlarged nor prcferved. 
+That is actually the Conftruttion they put upon the Re- 
+fponfe : Whereas had Alexander undertaken the Journey, 
+and died in the Temple, or by the Way, nothing could 
+have been faid in Favour of Scrap,s. 
+
+When Trajan , the fourteenth Emperor of Rome, had 
+formed a Deugn of his Expedition againft the Part hi ans, 
+he was advifcd to confult the Oracle of ihiiopolis, to which 
+he had no more to do but fend a Note under Seal. That 
+Prince, who had no great Faith in Orac cs, lent thither a 
+blank Note ; and they returned him another of the fame. 
+By this Trajan was convinced of the Divinity of the Oracle. 
+He fends Sack a fecond Note to the God, wherein he in¬ 
+quired, Whether he fhould return to Rom?, after finilhing 
+the War he had in View ? The God, as Macrohius, Booki. 
+ch. 23. tells the Story, ordered a Vine, which was among 
+the Offerings of his Temple, to be divided into Pieces, 
+and brought to ‘ Trajan . The Event juftified the Oracle: 
+For the Emperor dying in that War, his Bones were car¬ 
+ried to Rome, which had been reprefented by the broken 
+Vine. As the Priefts of that Oracle knew Trajan's De¬ 
+sign, which was no Secret, they happily devifed that 
+
+Refponfe 
+
+
+
+2 88 Hiftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, f; 
+
+I' 
+
+Refponfe, which, in. all Events, was capable of a \> 
+favourable Interpretation, whether he routed and cut the j: 
+Partbiam in Pieces, or if his Army met with the fame ( 
+Fate. 
+
+But among all the Refponfes of the Gods given by the 1 
+Oracles, fome were of a lingular Nature. Crecfus not ] 
+being fatisfied with that of Helfbos, altho’he had been j 
+exceflively liberal to it, as Herodotus , Book firft, inform* \ 
+us, fent with a View to furprife the Oracle, to enquire of j 
+the Prieftefs, What he was a doing at the very Time when j 
+his Deputy was coufulting her? She anfwered. He was | 
+then boiling a Lamb with a Tortoife, as he really was, 
+'Crajus, who had contrived this odd Ragou, in Hopes that 
+the Oracle would never hit upon the Secret, which he had 
+communicated to no Mortal, and which at the fame Time 
+was in the Nature of the Thing fo unlikely to be thought 
+?>f, was amazed at this Refponfe : It heightens his Cre¬ 
+dulity, and new Prefents muft be fent to die God. But 
+this Fa£t being very fingular, I lliall relate it as it is in 
+Herodotus , “ Crarfus feeing the Power of the Perjlam grow 
+“ greater and greater every Day, by the Valour of Cyrus, 
+
+* c thought it high Time to be making ready to beat it 
+“ down. Before he took any Steps, he fent to confuit 
+** the Oracles of Greece and Arris:. Accordingly he 
+t( named Deputies for Dtlpbos, fome for Dodot:a, others 
+for die Oracles of Amphiaraus , for that of Tropbotiius, 
+iC and for that of Brancbidtr , which was upon the Fron- 
+4t tiers of the Milefiens. Fie difpatched fome into Afric 
+to confuit the Oracle of Jupiter Hamn&n . This firft 
+“ Step was only to found the Oracles ; and provided they 
+st gave a true Anftver, he propofed to fena thither a fe- 
+** condTime, to learn from them Whether he fhould car- 
+“ ry on his defigned Enterprize againft the Per ft mis ? He 
+* c commanded the Deputies to obferve exactly what Time. 
+
+intervened between their fetting out from Sardis, and. 
+<e the Day of the Confultation, and to enquire at the fe- 
+“ veral Oracles, What Crafus was a doing that Day? What 
+“ were the Anfwers of the other Oracles we are not told; 
+Mt but, upon their Arrival at Dclphos, they were not well 
+entered into the Temple, when the Prieftefs told them 
+<( in heroic Verfe, That fhe knew the immenfe Expanlion 
+<c - of the Ocean ; that fhe, like the Gods, could number 
+
+'V the Grzdns of the Sand on the Sea Shore; that fhe 
+
+“ underftoed 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 185 
+
+cf underflood the Language of him who never fpeaks, nor 
+cC was any Thing a Secret to her; fhe a&ually faw hinx : 
+
+who was now in Secret, boiling in a brazen Pot, with 
+<l a Lid of the fame Metal, the Flefh of a Lamb mixed. 
+“ with that of a Tortoife. When the Deputies went to the 
+(C other Oracles arrived, Crajus examined with great 
+(C Care their feveral ‘ nfv/ers, and had no Regard to any 
+“ of them, except to that of yJmphiaraus, as to which 
+“ our Author gives us no Light ; but fo foon as the pe- 
+** puties fentto Ddphos arrived, the King was ftruck with 
+“ Aftonjfhment upon hearing the Refponfe of the Oracle, 
+“ and looked upon it as the moil infallible of all.” 
+
+A Governor of Cilicla, who had a Gang of Epicureans 
+about him, who were ftill endeavouring to infpire him 
+with a Contempt of the Oracles, refolved, as Plutarch 
+fays pleafantly, to fend a Spy to the Cods, he gave him 
+a Letter well fealed, to carry to Malloy , where was the 
+Oracle of Mopji j. As the Deputy was lying in the Tem¬ 
+ple a Man remarkably well drefled appeared to him, and 
+pronounced the Word Black. This Anfwer he bore to the 
+Governor, which, tho’ it appeared ridiculous to the Epu u*. 
+ream, to whom he communicated it, yet ftruck him with. 
+Aftonifhment, and, upon opening the Letter, he (hewed 
+them thefe Words which he had there written : Shall I 
+Jacrijice to thee in.a white Ox or a black? 
+
+Sometimes the Refponfes of die Oracles were nothing 
+but a mere Banter j witnefs that which was given to a Man, 
+who came to demand by what Means he might grow rich ? 
+The God anfwered him, That he had no more to do but 
+make bimfelf Matter of all that lay between Sicyon andCc?- 
+rintb. Another who wanted a Cure for his Gout, was an¬ 
+fwered by the Oracle, he Ihall drink nothing but cold Water. 
+
+There is. a Refponfe related by Strabo , page 177, which 
+proved fatal to the Prieftefs of Dodona who gave it. 
+During the War between the Thracians and Bcecticm, the 
+latter came to consult the Oracle of Dodona , and were an¬ 
+fwered by the Priettefs, That they ihould have Succefs, if 
+they were guilty of fome impious Action. The Deputies 
+of the Biotic us, from a Perfuafion that the Prieftefs had 
+a Mind to dece ve them, to favour the Pdafgi, from whom 
+fhe was defeended, and who were in Alliance with the 
+Thracian*, took and burnt her alive, alledging, that in 
+
+Whatever Light that A&ion was confidered, it could not 
+
+but 
+
+
+
+
+’*9° Hiflory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+but be juftified, and indeed, if the Prieflefs had an In¬ 
+tention to cheat them, fhe was punifhed for her Deceit: 
+If they fpoke fincerely, they had only literally fulfilled 
+the Oracle. Thefe Reafons however were not admitted, 
+the Deputies were feized; but not daring to punifh them 
+before they were judged, they brought them before the 
+two remaining Prieftefles ; for, according to Strabo's Ac¬ 
+count, there were then three belonging to that Oracle. 
+The Deputies having remonftrated againft this Proceeding, 
+were allowed two Men to judge them with the Prieftefles. 
+Thefe were clear for their being condemned ; but the 
+two other Judges were more favourable to them. Thus, 
+the Votes being equal, they were abfolved. 
+
+4 J. What was the Superftition of the Pagans with Re- 
+fpett to their Oracles ? 
+
+J. Among thofe Superftitions, I reckon the Veneration 
+that was paid to Oracles in general, and the Sibylline Books 
+in particular, which to the Romans were a (landing O- 
+racle confulted by them upon all Occalions ; the Prefages, 
+Prodigies, Expiations, Magic, judicial Aftronomy, Di¬ 
+vination, the Lo:s, the Prajiigia’t the Auguries. the Au r 
+fpices, and fome others As the Oracles, which Seticca 
+defines to be the Will of the Gods declared by the 
+Mouths of Men, and which Ciciro fimply calls D cor uni 
+Oratio , the Language of the Gods, depended upon the 
+Pagan Religion, and were a confiderable Part of it, whofe 
+Hiftory belongs to Mythology, Nothing was more famous 
+than thefe Oracles, they were confulted not only for impor¬ 
+tant Enterprizes; but even merely in Affairs of private 
+Life. Were they to make Peace or War, to ena& Laws, 
+to reform States, or change the Conftitution; in all thefe 
+Cafes they had Recou'fi? to the Oracle by publick Autho- . 
+rity. Again, in private Life, if a Man had a Defign to 
+marry, if he was to enter upon a Journey, or in fhort, 
+whaefoever Kufinefs he was to undertake, was he lick and 
+out of Order, he went dire&ly to confult the Oracle, 
+Men’s Defir j of knowing Futurity, or of fecuring the 
+Succefs of their Defigns ; that Curiofity which is fo deeply 
+rooted in human Nature ; all thefe led them to confult the 
+Gods, who were reputed prophetic : For all the Gods had 
+not Chara&er. However the Inftitution of Oracles, the 
+Eagernefs to confult them, and thofe immenfe Donations 
+
+wherewith 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefies, i gi 
+
+wherewith their Temples were filled ; for an anxious 
+Mind fubdued with vain Curiofity llicks at nothing. Up¬ 
+on this Principle; we need not doubt but that every Na¬ 
+tion, where Idolatry prevailed had its Oracles, or fome 
+other Means of fearching into the hidden Event of Fu¬ 
+turity There never was any Nation where Impoflors 
+were wanting, and a Tribe of covetous Mortals, who pre¬ 
+tended to the Gift of foreknowing and predicting myfte- 
+rious future Events. They have been found among the 
+grofs and barbarous Nations, fuch as the Iroquois, and 
+other Savages of - incrica. 
+
+In order to confult the Oracle, that Time was to be 
+chofen, when it was believed the Gods delivered them ; 
+for all Days were not equal. At Delphi, there was but 
+one Month in the Year, when the Prieltefs anfwered thole 
+who came to confult Apollo. In after Times, there was 
+one Day in each Month when that God pronounced his 
+Oracles: In another Place they received the Refponfe. 
+All thefe Oracles were not delivered n the fame Manner. 
+Here, it was the Prieftefs who anfwered for the God whom 
+they confulted ; there, it was the God himfelf who pro¬ 
+nounced the Oracle : In another Place they received the 
+Refponfe of the God in their Sleep, for procuring which 
+they ufed certain preparatory Means of m> fterious Na¬ 
+ture; fometimes they received the Refponfe in-Letters 
+under a Seal. And in fine, in other Places by calling of 
+Lots, as at Prcenejic in Italy. Sometimes they were ob¬ 
+liged to ufe many Preparations, in order to qualify them- 
+felves for receiving the Oracle, fuch as Fallings, Sacrifices,' 
+Luftrations, tAc. At other Times, fo little Ceremony 
+was requifite, that the Confulter received his Anfwer di¬ 
+rectly, upon coming up to the Oracle ; as Alexander did, 
+when he came to Libya to confult that of Jupiter Hammon: 
+For no fooner did the Prieftfee him, than he gave him the 
+Compellation of Son of Jupiter , to obtain which wai 
+the whole End of his Journey. 
+
+* 
+
+Lf Who was Orpheus, and how came he to be made 
+a God? 
+
+A. Orpheus was the Son of JEgarus King of Thrace, 
+and of the Mule Calliope, the Father of Mufeeus, and 
+Difciple of L'nius ; it was only" to add a greater Lultre to 
+his Birth and Talents, particulaaly. as to lVlufic and Poetry; 
+
+that 
+
+
+
+Hijtcry of the Gods, Goddefies, (s ?r. 
+
+*hat he was faid afterwards to be Son of Apollo . As he,ap* 
+plied himfelf a great deal to Matters of Religion, and. un¬ 
+dertook feveral Voyages to improvehimfelt in that Sci¬ 
+ence, he very foon united in his own Perfon the Dignity 
+of Pontiff with that of King; and this is what make.? 
+Horace , in his Art of Poetry , give him. the Titles of^ Mi* 
+7 ii[icr and Interpreter of the Gods . • As to M ufic* he. efpe* 
+cially applied himfelf to the Harp, and brought that In- 
+flrument to Perfection. . Accordingly, thofe who came 
+after him made it their Bufinefs to imitate him, whereas 
+he had no Model to copy after, (fee Plutarch upon. Or T 
+pheus) fince before him we hear only of Airs fet to the 
+Piute. It was to demonftrate how much he excelled in 
+playing on that Inffrument, that he was faid to have* re¬ 
+ceived it from .'-polio or Mercury , and to have even adifed 
+two Strings to the feven which it had before. To him is 
+alfo. attributed the Invention of the Hexameter, ^erfe. 
+The Connexion between Poetry and the moft. fuKlime 
+Sciences of that Time made Orpin us not only a Philo- 
+fopher, but.alfo a great Divine. He had fome Sentiments 
+however, that were peculiar to himfelf. He abflained, 
+for Inftance, from eating of Flelh, and had an Abhor¬ 
+rence to Eggs, confidered as Food; from a Perfuaffon 
+that the Egg was elder than the Chick, and the Principal 
+pf all Beings, a Sentiment relating to Cofinogo?iy he had 
+fcprrowed from the Egyptians . As to Theology, he had 
+his, firft Ipflru&ions therein from his Father JEagrus, who 
+tapght hixyi the Myfteries of Bacchus, as they were then 
+praCtifed. in Thrace. He became afterwards the Difciple 
+of die Da Ayliy of Mount Ida in Crete, and from his Inter¬ 
+course with diem, he got new Infight into the Ceremonies 
+of fteligiqn, But nothing contributed morp to improve 
+him in tha,t.Kin 4 ,t, than his Expedition to Egypt. There 
+it w£s- a that, having got himfelf initiated intotne My hen e 3 
+pf Ifis or Qenps, and of Ofir is or Bacchus, he acquired In- 
+£ght into the Rites of Initiation, Expiation^ Funerals, 
+and other Points of religious Worfliip, far fuperior to 
+what he had gained till then. Orpheus , at his Return to 
+Greece, communicated to that Country the Knowledge he 
+had acquired in Egypt, accommodating himfelf to the No¬ 
+tions qf the People of the Country, and he made himfelf 
+fegarded among them, by perfuading them that he under- 
+ilood the Secret of expiating Crimes, of purifying Cri¬ 
+minals 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 193 
+
+minals, of curing the fick, and of appealing the incenfed 
+Gods, upon the Model of the Funeral Rites of the Egyp¬ 
+tians, he contrived a Hell, the Idea whereof diffufed it- 
+felf Over all Greece . He inftituted the Myfleries and Wor- 
+Ihip of Hecate Clitenia, or the TcrrcJIrial , among the Egi- 
+nefirf, and that of Ceres at Sparta, and made fo many Al¬ 
+terations in the Syftem. of the Religion of the Greets, 
+that he may be reckoned one of their greateft Divines, 
+and one of their firft Reformers. Nor was it only iii 
+Matters of Religion he made thefe Alterations, he made 
+alfo conliderable ones in the Manners of the Age. In 
+fine, he dilHnguilhed himfelf fo much both by his Talents, 
+and by the Blefling he procured- to Society, that he be¬ 
+came one of the moft illuitrious Men of his Time. His 
+Wife being dead, he went into a Place in Phefprotia , called 
+~Aarnos, where an antient Oracle delivered Refponfes by 
+calling up-the Dead. There he was again blefled with 
+a Sight of his dear Eurydicc , and, believing he had actu¬ 
+ally recovered her, flattered himfelf that Ihe was to follow 
+him; but looking back, and feeing her no more, he was 
+fo alfliCted, that he killed himfelf through Defpajr. 
+
+As for the Poems of Orpheus , they were very fliort and 
+not numerous, according to Paufanias . The Lycemodcs, 
+an Athenian Family, had them all by-heart, and fung 
+them in the Celebration of their Myllerics In refpeCt 
+of Elegance, continues the fame Author, thefe Hymns 
+are inferior to thofe of Homtr; but Religion having 
+adopted the former, gives them the Preference to the other 
+in point of Honour. Further, we have none of the. 
+Works of that antient Poet now extant; thofe which ga 
+under his Name, fuch as the Argon* usi-.s, the Poem upost>* 
+the Stones, and diverfe Fragments which Henry Stephens has 
+collected into a Book, intitled Poejis Philofophica , are either 
+the Works of Onatnacritus, who was Cont:mporary with 
+Pijiftratns , or of fome other unknown Author. But I 
+advife thofe, who would be thoroughly acquainted with 
+the Works attributed to Orpheus , to confult the learned 
+Pubricius his Bibliotheca Grsica, Vol. 1 . 
+
+To come to the Explication of the Fables that are in¬ 
+terwoven in this Life, Paufar.ias, who feems to reafon 
+juftiy upon this SubjeCt, “ Among the Fables, fays he, 
+
+11 which the Grteh fet forth as Truths, we may reckon 
+(i this, that Orpheus was the Son of Calliope; I metin 
+
+K “ the . 
+
+
+
+194 Hi/lory -of the Gods, Goddefles, £sf^ # 
+
+^ 'the M u Calliope; and wot Pi crus's Daughter; that by 
+‘4-thef ^y<eetn.^0)o£-his,Song:he.'drew the Beafts after him; 
+*\^that rhe even; jdefeended .alive into the infernal Regions ; 
+** andithat," .having charmed Pluto and the Divinities of 
+ie . .t-hc/e. fubterraneous Manfions, he brought back his Wife 
+
+therice;. ;tFhefe are fo many Fidhons, thro’which 
+V. X s^n .find: out. that Orpheus . was a. great Poet, much fu- 
+* c , ;pe|iiQTjt()i'aU thofe who had been before him, who gain- 
+eel high Eitecm by teaching Men the Ceremonies of 
+‘^Religion, and ,by perfuading them that he found out 
+** the Art of expiating Crimes, and of purifying thofe 
+V .who committed them ; of curing the fick, and of ap- 
+*Z pealing the Wrath of the Gods, &c.” It was the 
+Jo^rnies. to Thefprotin that gave Rife to Orpheus's pretend¬ 
+ed Journey to Hell. \He is even Laid to have deferibed 
+this jpurney.under that Idea in his Poem of the Argonauts, 
+which is not the one we have now extant under that Ti-‘ 
+
+
+tie. The Poets who followed him have given loofe Reins 
+to their Imagination on this Head. Virgil , Georgies Book 
+iy. among others, fays, that Orpheus , having defeended into 
+Pluto's Kingdom, charmed the Ghofts fo much, that, for¬ 
+getting. their Tortures, they danced to the Sound of his 
+Harp i. that Ixion ceafed from turning his Wheel, and that 
+the cruel Vulture left Tityus fome Intervals of Eafe ; that 
+Pluto himfelf .being charmed was unable to withhold from 
+him his .Wife- Eurydicc ; but that, having granted her to 
+him only on Condition, he would not look upon her till 
+ihe had got out of Hell, audio it thro’ his own Curiofity a 
+fUefling >vhich.had colt him fo dear. This whole Fiction 
+is founded upon this, ✓that Magic was highly in Vogue in 
+thofe %imes, especially in Egypt. One of the molt com- 
+qipn Ceremonies in that, detellable Art was the calling up 
+the Souls of the Dead ; and fo far was it from being 
+reckoned criminal, that it was prattifed, even by the Mi- 
+niters- of (stored Things, in Temples deitined for that 
+Rufpofe. ....... 
+
+The Fable importing that Orphus drew after him Ani- 
+injUs moved with the melodious Accents, of his Voice and 
+l yre, and that he : .tamed the fierceft Tygcrs and Lions, 
+is to be undcrltood. as a lively and ingenious Allegory, 
+denoting the-Perfection to which he had carried Poetry 
+end Mufic; or, if we underftand it with Horace, it informs 
+
+
+that Orpheus civilized the favage Manners of the 
+
+Cj ra/c 
+
+
+A 
+
+
+
+Hiftoiy of the Gods, Gcddefles, &c-.- xgg 
+
+•Grteks'of his Time, who ufed to deftroy one another likd- 
+wild Beafts; having reclaimed them,from afavage atidruftic 
+Life, to the Sweetnefs of Union and Society, and-having 
+at- laft introduced them to fubftitute in place of Acorns, 
+or at leaft wild Fruits, a more convenient and whotefemd 
+Food. The Abbe Fraguiet *, in a Differ ration lipohthe Or- 
+fhie Life, alledges that-the Thracians were real Canibals, 
+who eat up one another; and that Orpheus not only* abo¬ 
+il fhed this Cuftom among that People, but, to draw then* 
+off from it dill more, entirely prohibited them'from^the 
+Ufe of Meat, and whatever had Life, and it is in* this. 
+Senfe we are to underftand the Orphic Life. The f Head of 
+Orpheus was highly revered by the Lcjhieins, whoconfulted 
+it as an Oracle. The Time when ! Orpheus lived welt 
+enough known from that of the Argonauts* his Contempo-- 
+raries, their Expedition to Colchis for the Golden, Fleecej 
+which fell in the Year 44 or 45- before the Siege of Troy ? 
+The taking of it was, according to the Opinion of Erdtof- 
+tbenes, quoted by Eufebius, and to that of Apollodorus the 
+Chronographer, cited by Clement - of Alexandria , the one- 
+in the Year 1183, the other in the Year 1181 before the' 
+Chrijlian >Era, to which add 44 and 1750, makes it 2975 
+Years iince Orpheus's Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Orpheus ? 
+
+yf. Gideon ruled the Israelites ; Anabos, King of Baby* 
+Ion; JEgetts, King of Thrace , the Father or Orpheus * 
+Oedipus, King of Thebes; Eurytbeus, King of Argos 7 
+J an ifc us, King of Si yon ; Dcmophon, King of Corinth j 
+Laomrdon , King of Troy; Retmefes , King of Egypt ; Fau -» 
+nits. King of Italy; Cacus, King of Spain ; Galatea? 
+the fecond, King of Gaul. No Poets, no Hiftorians at thi* 
+Time. 
+
+££. You have ipoke of that deteflable Ceremony oF 
+Magic by calling up the Souls of the Dead, pray‘let ma 
+hear fomething more of it ? 
+
+A. Nut/ta, among the religious Ceremonies he taught, 
+had preferibed thefe for Evocations, which were a Confe¬ 
+rence of Thcurgic■ Magic. Among thefe Evocations the 
+moll folemn, and at the fame time the moft frequently 
+pr a-Riled, was that of conjuring up Souls departed. The 
+Cuffom of raifing the Manes was fo antient, that its Ori¬ 
+ginal is traced as high as the earlieft Periods of Time ; 
+
+K. z and 
+
+
+
+6 lltjl/jry of 'the Gods, Goddefles, &c, 
+
+3nd- alt; \ < &&?Anathcm(\u denounce^by ^eXacred Authors* 
+again£bthofe?-who ooi^fultcd iaai^jai - : spirits, are Proofs of 
+the Antiquity of this Pa&iCe. Amang.the different Sorts of 
+Magic *which Mcfesj -prohibits, that ;of calling up the 
+Pea 4 .ia:theEe,.expreAy fpedfie 4 * ; Every body knows the 
+Hiftory of Saul , who went to confultthe Witch of Endor , 
+to Vo a It up theGboibof -Samuel* i Sam* xxviii. Ver. i1, 
+izv\; iilialL !noc enter into-the .Effe& which this Conjura- 
+tj 0 n- produced * nor fhali X examine if it was really Samuel 
+who:.appeared to that Prince* or if it was the Devil who 
+deceived him under.'a borrowed Appearance, or, in fine, 
+if. the.!Witch herfelf impofed upon him by fome Illufion, 
+We-know that the. Fathers and ecclefiaftic Writers are 
+much divided in their Sentiments about it, and that there 
+is nothing in Religion to .determine, us to follow the one 
+Opinion rather than the other. ?-J only take notice of the 
+Ufe , of the Thing, and this, it is certain, was as antient as 
+it was univerfally pra&ifed, Profane Authors look upon 
+Orpheus as the Inventor of this curfed Art, and io far in¬ 
+deed it is true, that the Jrlymns which are aferibed to him 
+are moftly real Pieces of Conjuration. . Rut it is provable, 
+.that this Pradice came .from x\\^EaJrcnt People, and was 
+carridinto Greece with,the other religioua,£eiempjp£^ by 
+Colonies which came and fettled there,. , 1 ? is,certain ujat, 
+in Homer's Time,, this Sort of Conjuration was. in practice, 
+as appears in fome Parages, in : the Elqd- where mention 
+is made of it. .. Nor was it.at t^at Time reputed odfous or 
+criminal, fmee there, were Rerfons w,ho ;nuulc Profeffio^.pf 
+conjuring up Gholte* audjthere were Temples where, the 
+Ceremony of - Conjuration’..was -performed. PuuJ^nius 
+: fpeaks of that which:, w&s?Jj» tfk/PK 0 **** where Orpheus 
+. came to call up :the Soul of ; hiB .Wife Eurydicc.. It is .this 
+very Journey, and the Motives which put him upon it, that 
+
+made it be believed he went: down to. Hell. UlyJ/es's 
+Travels.into the.Gountry - of ,the Cimmericuu y whither he 
+went to confult the.Ghoil of Eirefta^ which Hsmu io well 
+'. describes, in t.-thc Odyjjfcy^ has the Air of fitch auother 
+Conjuration and the.fame-^ay/ fce.-v fajd of all-thei ocher 
+pretended Jpuraie^iato iR<#f<fS;JcCingdoin,. .j it is npt omy 
+. theIPoets who.lpedkof'conjt^jngup of ; .§pmts, Hiftory 
+■1 likewifees.Exauipies,ther^Qf» P <-; i*ihilci? the Tyrant 
+
+uf Cu/i?j f h vificcd t tn ronfult hia. Wife 
+
+
+.* about., fomething left with her in. 1 ruii : 
+
+
+And fliftorians 
+
+tcir 
+
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the G oc^ ? Me. 
+
+tell us, that the Lace diin cm ans'-, having ?&KVC’&Paufanias\o 
+Death ip die Tern pie'of' PtiliaG a ad* not being-abld io fapr 
+peafe his Manes, ‘which' tortoehtedi -them. wirhouo Interanjk 
+hon, ’ fent for 'the ‘‘Msiglc&txis from- whophavirig 
+
+brought up the < 3 hdft& of Kis^EfremiesV tdiey/'banhh’dd. 
+Panjahi >/s Gr h oft • fd^ feiFeftti : fSAyi : c jt eras*/bfrii^ed*tb 
+
+quit the ‘CbUritr Vfu j ftu i uo j y' j i • *j .7 ori -v ,. a• V. 1 o y ioili 11 
+This Phrafe, to call up' S-ctils is ftotttdcdraae iqFdfswhat 
+the Magicians and Frieds ,- 1 1 appointed' 'in-the Tempi e_af 
+the Manes called up; was neither- Souh-not Bod^n, £)nt.i& 
+middle Subftance, between 1 Soul and Body; which;the 
+■Greeks called ^E^b/Acr, the Latins^ Si mu lachrurr. , o / magh^ 
+U.'hbi’a. When Pd(tosuite* prays Achilles 1 to grant-kink the 
+'Honour of Burial; - it; is that he {might ■' not; £><7.' hinder£fl 
+frdm faffing the fatal ? Rivers by- the mm Phantoms ofeitho 
+Dead’: It was neither' Soul- rior Body that we nt; dawn to 
+the infernal Regions, but thefe-Phantoms; /Accordingly 
+XJlifTes fees the Phahtohv of ‘Hercules'in the • Eljfian ipieldi. 
+While the Heroe himfeLf is in Heaven. -1 n 
+
+
+Was there any other Evocations but that of - calling 
+
+
+Up' the' Souls of the Dead ? 
+
+. ■" ,1 ~*r _• *•. ..I_• o *.'4_ 
+
+
+•: / • ‘ji !i 
+
+
+' A. Yes,' during the Siege of fome Town, .which Xhay 
+thought it neither Duty, nor in ^ their; Power to -take, with¬ 
+out invoking the Gbds, under whofe> Prbte£lion;: it. wafe. 
+•Wb have in Mncrcbius y Sat. 'Book in.;ch~;o. a Formnof 
+Evocation preferved, which v/ill grve the Readers ra.bet- 
+‘ter Notion of- the'Thing- than all Ichuld : dcliver-isspon 
+theSubje&l iC Whether it be ; God,or.whether;it be aGod- 
+c< defs, v under whofe Tuition : ’thei Cirjhand’ Peojdsrofi £to’- 
+“ tbilge is, Tfopplicateyou, T ■ conjure; ydu, andrrcaJt- 
+* r neftlyirdqufeft you,, ye greats Go ds^iwhoj hard cakinatjiis 
+“ City and People under * your ! Protection;! to abandon 
+“ both City arid People> ‘-to tpiitJaU-thefe'Manfiaitsl, Tem- 
+“ pies, facied Places 5 tO'Cafi: thedi-ofiv ihfuiie intoffchem 
+u Fear, Confternation, drid £• Spirit oDForgetfulcfefsviahd 
+
+%t vouchfafe to ' rcpair to Rottre to dWell? amang? us 2* Gra- 
+“ rioufly; accept*'-, ofbur 'Manftpns^ Temples^ir-fhoced 
+“ Thrngsyarid of‘oui. whole* City* di Iuet it toe ifeei^othat 
+*‘ you are the Defence- bp me and: my ;Armyi, _ and of the 
+** i?o^;a/j : Pcople; Grant• me thefe-Petitions, andTvOw 
+“ and promife to found Temples mid: Gaines to your 
+
+“ Honour.” . * 
+
+K 3 Another 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, &e. 
+
+Another Sort of Evocation was, that which was ufcd 
+in calling up the Gods. In order to underhand what I am 
+about to fay upon this Head, we muft know that it was a 
+Dodtrine of the Fagan Theology, that the Gods in a 
+•particular Manner prefidcd over certain Places, and that 
+•frequently feveral of thefe Places were under the Protec¬ 
+tion of the fame God ; and, it being impoffible for him to 
+bring them all at once, it was neceJTary to ufe the Cere¬ 
+mony of Evocation, when his Frefence was thought need¬ 
+ful. " They had Hymns propur to this Operation, which 
+they called kAiVtucoi, as are molt ofthofe which are nferib- 
+<ed to Orpheus, and thofe of the Poet Prccltts . Thefe 
+Hymns generally were compofed of two Farts : The 
+frit was taken up in the Praifes of the Gods, and in cele- 
+brating the different Places under their Protection : The 
+fcccnd contained the Prayer whereby they endeavoured to 
+invite and aiiure them to the Places where their Prefence 
+was neceffary. When they thought the Patron God was 
+ai rived. they celebrated the rcftivals called 'Evict, mi a. Such 
+weie feme of thofe the Arrives kept in Honour of June, 
+and the Inhabitants of Bel's and Miletus for Apollo, As 
+ioon as theDanger, which made them invoke the Gods, 
+was.over, they gave them liberty to go any where elfe ; 
+and they had other Hymns for celebrating their Departure. 
+Julius Scti/zger, who may be coniulted upon this Subject, 
+in his Hook iii. ch. 112, 113, and 114, obferves that thefe 
+Hymns, which they called *Awc*///,ti:'.o» 9 wherein Bacchi¬ 
+li des, the Lyric Poet, cliicfly excelled, were of greater 
+length than thofe ufcd for inviting the Gods, in order to 
+detain, them as long as pofliblc. For when wc defire, fays 
+he, we want to be quickly poflefied of the Objeft of our 
+Wilhes ; but to be as long as pollible before we be depriv¬ 
+ed of it. 
+
+To the Evocations I muft add the Forms of Devoting, 
+which the ftov:an: called D.votic. They were either private, 
+as thofe of the two Dnii , and of l\lar< us Curtins, who de¬ 
+voted thcxnfclvcs to fave the Romans; or publick, per¬ 
+formed by the Dictator or Conful, at the Head of their 
+Army. Here is their Form, tranfmitted to 11s by the fame 
+Macrohius , Sat. book iii. i4 Father Dis y Pluto, Jufiter, 
+
+Manes, or by whatever Name it i:. lawful to call you, 1 . 
+4t befecch you to fill this City ('.aithay,, the Army f mean, 
+
+widi Terror and Coufternaiion ; Grant that the}', who 
+
+“ bear 
+
+
+
+
+
+Ilijlory of the Gods, Grtctdeffek, ' Wc. 
+
+
+9b 
+
+
+rt bear Arms again# our,Legion's and.^rni^, ina^ be pqt: 
+“ to the Rout ; that the Inhabitants of their ^Cities, and 
+1 * of their Fields, with'all that dwell'in them,’ of every 
+u Age, may be devoted to you, according to the Laws, 
+“ by which our greateft Enemies are devoted,’ I, "by the 
+ei Authority of my jConimillion, devote^ them. ih the 
+“ Name of the Roman People,, in tlie’Name of the i^r- 
+“ my, and in the Name of our Legions', that you may 
+“ preferve both the Commanders, and thole who ferve 
+'* under them.'” 
+
+Antiquity has not trafmitted to us the Form of private 
+devoting, but certain it is there was op.c ; and when Oc r 
+rV*‘devoted himfclf, he gave Notice to the Pontiif Vtill? 
+mum to proceed to pronounce the Form of devoting : Df- 
+
+o.-:r;:qi/r, fays he, Pafari, if. ; agrd.ii;^ pveri *vct ba quiluf 
+?}:c 1 . gibus decent can:. Whenever the Laws devoted any 
+Man to Death, it was permitted to hill him. There was one 
+of Row ulus's Laws conceived in thefe Terms : 67 patronns 
+dl.r.ti f'rciuduK j'oxity facer cjh. If any Patron dfrauds 
+hit CvVv/*, let him be dmeolrd. It was to Pluto or Drs, and 
+
+the other infernal Deities, that Criminals were devoted.* 
+
+• • 
+
+9 
+
+5?. Who was Orbona, and how came fne to be rr.ad/e 
+a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Orbotta was a Goddefs invoked by the Fathers hnd 
+Mothers, for the Prefervation of their Children'; and thole 
+who had loll them were under particular Prote£lion of tints 
+Goddefs, as we learn from Amobius , Book'iv • 
+
+.* . . r : V 
+
+9 
+
+Pf Who was Of luge, and how came flic to be made 
+a Goddefs ? ‘ ; , 1 '.*[ 
+
+A. Of lingo was invoked wlicn they were about to refii'fy 
+drained or broken Bones. The Child was hardly'con¬ 
+ceived when the Gods Piturnus and Sint inns gave tile one 
+Life and the other Senfation. 'Flic Goddefs AL/Wb"or 
+With prefitled over the Birth, and Nr rd/ha over the ninth 
+Day, when the Parents gave it the Name;' (fafl'.th'ns 
+was invoiced for the Cries and Wailings of the Child, 
+and the Godded* Cunl/m 'to take cai'e of thd CVadleP* As 
+it was the Pratt ice to lay down the he\v-ho’ni Child 1 hake'll 
+upon the Ground, as we learn lidin Pi'inv/ (J.uncy 'h:Jh\it K f 
+tnra uttdtx .wrlpti ; Al. .1 /y/s.vr, and <!><//. rb, N/itliri' */’ 
+ut hintUKi nudum Cj'In i.u'.Li bd/no Uut'nJr [lie ' o'jl'-lu:' ! 
+
+K. | bo 
+
+
+
+
+$<b £ J.M?y implored iRayour for-it .from the Goddefs Lcr^/raj 
+a&rit; were to lif/j.it up, again., When it began to fuck,,tho 
+Godd e fs j ?;ii»a .or ‘Pu/nit< x as. St. Augij/inc* in. his .fixdr 
+iPookj.ch'. 2. of. the_ City-.of God, tells us prefided over 
+this Operation. .When it .became capable to eat and 
+dripkj the Goddeffes then employed were Edufa or EJulia, 
+and Vatina, whole Names exprcl's dieir Functions. .When 
+it began to fpeak, or rather llutter, F.tbu hints, the God 
+of Sj e:cb, was. invoked ; and the Goddefs Pwnjfnthr to 
+
+
+aveit Prom them -frightful Objects. In Pine, when the 
+Child was grown up to an Age fit for Education, the 
+Gods Statilmus and Stnt.n.us were add refled to ; and, as 
+I-Paid before, OjjSi^go krengthned their Bones, as we 
+learn- from Jmcbzus, AC tuque durarv is Jclidnvc ivfar.tibus 
+-is of?a, nJjti:’\T0 nirmortitnr. There were alfo ether 
+Divinities for Marriage and its Concomitants, Puch as the 
+Goddeflcs Virgir.lcurus, Pr.mc, Sc c. whofe Functions I 
+mull be excufjd Prom explaining. 
+
+
+What Gods were they who prefided over every 
+Part of the Body ? 
+
+J. The Sur. prefided over the Heart, Jupiter over the 
+Head and Iyivcr, Mars over die Entrails, Minerva over 
+die Eyes and Fingers, Juno over the Eye-brows, Pluto 
+over the Back, f onus over the Heins, Saturn over the 
+Spleen, Mi n:try over the Tongue, LLl tys over the Feet, 
+the Moon over the Stomach, the Genius and blodcfty over 
+the Forcliead, Mnnory over the Ears, Faith, or Bona Fid:s , 
+*>ver the Right-liand. Comp off. on over the Knees. 
+
+
+♦ • 
+
+JK Who was Valin, and how came flic to be made a 
+Goddefs ? 
+
+jd^ .Ptdlas was properly the Divinity of the Shepherds, 
+the tutelar Deity and Proteflrefs of the Flocks. The 
+Peak that was celebrated to her the 2ill of rJpril, was 
+jcallr.d Publics, or Pari/in. 'Flic whole Ceremony con- 
+filled in burning great Heaps of Straw, and leaping 
+■oyer them- Thus O vid, in his fourth Book of Ft.fu, 
+
+j\/p.vy;tr, per , ar denies f/ij it bn crept t antis acenv'S, trajictas 
+<tb j : /In nua ?iit nibra fede. Animals were killed there, 
+and, 1 the i’unfTeation.'; were performed with the Smoke of 
+ifories plcjod, and with the Allies ol a Calf that had 
+byen, taken, out of an immolated Cow, or with the Allies 
+
+of 
+
+
+f 
+
+
+
+Hijiory tif the Gods, Goddefies, 20r 
+
+of Beans ; the Flocks were alfb purified with the Smoko 
+of Sulphur, of the Olive, the Pine, the Laurel and 
+Rofemary. Then, after the Shepherd had leaped around 
+the Bon-fire of Straw now' mentioned, they offered in 
+Sacrifice Milk, Cheefe, boiled Wine and Cakes of 
+Millet: A Feftivat truly ruffic, and fuch as was fuitable 
+to the Goddefs of Shepherds and Flocks. 
+
+
+Q Who were the Gods Palici ? 
+
+A. Macrobius , Book xxiv. in that PalFage of his Sa - 
+turnalia , where he makes an Encomium on Virgil *s 
+Erudition, who had the Art of interfperfing his Works 
+with feveral Pieces of the Greek Hiftory, quotes, among 
+other Pafiages of that great Poet, the Verfes in the ninth 
+Book of the Eneid, V. 585. 
+
+
+Symctia circum 
+
+Flumina , uhi placabilis ara Palici. 
+
+And fays, no Roman Author has defcribed thefe Gods f <3 
+known in Sicily ; that Efhylus, the Sicilian Poet, in his 
+Tragedy intitled JEtna , is the fir 11 who has given their 
+Original to this EfFefr, 
+
+It was near the River Symetb/. 7, in Sicily, that Jupiter 
+fell in love with a Nymph called JEtna, others name her 
+Thalia, who, to conceal from Juno the Knowledge of 
+her Intrigue, and to efcape her Vengeance, entreated 
+her Lover to hide her in the Bowels of the Earth, 
+which Requell file obtained ; and, when the Time of her 
+Delivery was come, there fprung from the Earth two 
+Children, who were called Pulici, as you would lay, 
+fprung from the • Earth into nvhich they bail been conveyed* 
+Thefe two Children were afterwards deified. 
+
+But this is a mere Fable, founded upon the Equivo¬ 
+cations of the Names of thefe Divinities. This was the 
+ordinary Refource of the Greeks, when they would trace 
+the Original of their Gods, they invented Stories upon 
+the frivolous Foundation of the Etymologies of a Lan¬ 
+guage which they did not underfland : And the Fable 
+which v/e are here explaining is a mamfeft Proof of it, 
+lhice the Wor/hip of the Gods Pa/ici came from Pbra - 
+nida, as their Name leave*, no room to doubt. It in 
+very probable that it comes from the Ifh/cau Word Pu- 
+/iibin , which iifMiilics •vuurubfc , which Word coirks frotvi 
+Pilachj color, 'Vo/unui, to avuijhip, as Pucbart proves, 
+
+K 5 which 
+
+
+
+202 Hifiory of the Gods, Goddefies, &c. 
+
+which the Poet Ffc hy!us, from whom Macrohius has bor¬ 
+rowed the Fable, feems to in/inuatc, when he faid, Jupiter 
+'Ordered die Gods Pedict to have the Title Vester a hie given 
+them. Hefychins alfo confirms the happy Conjecture of 
+Mac hart , fince he fays, sJetranus, whofe Name is likewife 
+JPhcniciaj :, was Father of Pedict ; for I can hardly think 
+the Reader will give in to the ridiculous Error of fome.of, 
+,£hc Learned, who are of Opinion that it ought to be 
+read in Hcfydius, Adrian, in Head of ddranus, as if the 
+Homan Emperor, who was not deified till forty Years after 
+the Coming of Chrifi, could be the Father of thofe an- 
+iient Divinities, whofe Worfhip was celebrated in Sicily 
+anany Ages before he was born ; and gave his Name to 
+the River Jldranus , which went by it long before. 
+
+This yjdranus , in fhort, whom titfyehins makes to have. 
+Been the Father of the Pa/ici, contrary to the Opinion 
+of Efchylus , who afierts they were Jupittrs Sons, is a 
+God unknown out of Sici/y: Thus there is Reafon to think 
+that he was the fame AdrameUth, vvho is mentioned irf 
+the Books of Kings , and whofe Name imports a ttu-gr.i- 
+ficent 1Gtig ; and that his Worfhip, as alio that of the 
+Palici, was brought into that Ifland by the Syrian or Phc- 
+7ttcia7r Colonies, who fettled there : This is what we learn 
+from Bochart ; and his Conjecture appears highly pro¬ 
+bable. For, in fine, we are to prefer to the Opinion of 
+Htfychius , who gives jj irumts for the Father of the Palici , 
+to that of Efchylus , who makes them to have been the 
+Sons of Jupiter , and mult needs have known the Anti¬ 
+quities of his Country, better than the Greek Lexico¬ 
+grapher, whom I have quoted, being a Sicilian by 
+Birth. The Palici were very much honoured in Italy , 
+nnd Dicdorus , lib. ii. allures us they had a Temple near 
+the City Price, and flood upon a Mount of that Name, 
+which is at this Day *7 rejano Pdcchio. Fanum hoc turn 
+
+io/'a VnterativnCy quod in eo 7 r. 1 tItn •vtra 
+Revered, lie fays, both for its Anti¬ 
+quity, and for the wonderful Things that happened in it. 
+Accordingly we are told by Macro Idas, after Efchylus and 
+.Diodorus, that there were near this Temple two final! 
+Lakes of boiling and fulphurous Water, always full with¬ 
+out overflowing, which were called Ddli , and held in 
+the highcil Veneration by the credulous People, who 
+knagined that they were the Brothers of the Pali *./, or 
+
+rathe:.* 
+
+
+uhttiquitnte, turn re/ig 
+tsf flupt'vda L'vcr.iuut. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods,’ God'defles,' 203 
+
+rather that this was the Place vyhence they dhcmfejves"had 
+fprung, when their Mother dellverecT them, Nsc long*. 
+ir.de lacus hr cnees Junt,. fed inwienfum. preftp/df. aqu at 
+fcaturiginc feer.per ebullicntcs \ qnos inqaLts crest eras vocesp: , 
+Of nomine Defies appellant, jraJrcfjuc cos PeMicorum rrjif 
+■/rant, fif httbentur in cult& maxi mi*. . Of iJ Ji k, e w i fe , Ge, - 
+feribes them. It was near thofe two Pooh tha^ foie nut 
+Oaths ufed to be made, and there Controversies \yere.Ge-. 
+termined that could no otherwife be cafily decided. Thofe 
+who were called to take this Oath purified themfe’ves ; 
+and after having given Security to pay, if the Gods con¬ 
+demned them, they approached the Pools, and iyvojy by 
+the Divinity that prefided over them. If tHcir Oathy.aa. 
+fmcere they went off unhurt; but. Perjurers were pu-’ 
+nifhed upon the Spot, as all Authors, who haye mentioned^, 
+it, are agreed. . ' " ^ 
+
+Perquc lacus alios et olentia fulphure friur y 
+Stag no Palicortim , rziptd fervent ia terra • 
+
+Et qui prefenii chnntant penura Pallet 
+Pcdiora fupplieio. || 
+
+
+4 * 
+
+
+Tiio 1 they are not quite agreed as to the NatuceJof the 
+Puniihment. Macrobius will have it, that they fell.intt* 
+one of the Lakes and were drowned, fued fi jMiUP 
+
+faecrct , difee defat i lDefus ; Ji neuo ftbejjtt jure jurandq 
+‘//•alii coujcit/itir. , jkox in lent amitte':M dta/n . faljd 
+jura ter. PuL/ron aflerta that they died fuddenly ; frtf 
+'totic and Stephamisi ay, they were con fumed by .ado cret 
+Fire ; and, according to Diodorus, there were fome of 
+
+them that loft their Lives. : 
+
+Whether thefe different Puniftunents were rqal, or only 
+
+feigned to terrify Perjurers, as would feem from the p\- 
+verfity of thefe Opinions, it is certain, that none ap¬ 
+proached thefe fools and the Altars of thefe implacable 
+Gods without a great deal of Terror, aud the Place wait 
+a fecure San&uary for opprefled Slaves : Their Malle pi 
+bein'*- obliged before they could get them, bat;!c,. xq : pr 9 pit fe 
+to treat them with more Humanity, which they. icligL 
+oufly obferved for fear of bringing fome:. p!nible \)[\p 
+nilhment upon themlelves. We mull not omit to obhn.ve, 
+that the aiitientlnhabitaiUs of - Stiny calledthele two Luke® 
+
+L 0 . DMi* 
+
+♦ 
+
+■" Odd. Mil. lib. v. .jo-j. 
+
+
+|| Silt nut It aliens. 
+
+
+
+204 Hiftory of■ the Gods * Goddefles* £s? c . 
+
+Dei Hi from an Arabic Word, which imports to make dif- 
+■covery ; or, as is more probable, from the Hebrew Word * 
+Daul, to draw out. I am inclined to adopt this Etymo- 
+logy, becaufe it feems to agree better with what Arijiotle 
+fays upon the Oaths we have mentioned. According to 
+that Philofopher, they wrote the Oath,’ which they made 
+to thofe Gods, in the Form of a Note, which-floated. 
+3.bove, if the Party fwore to a Truth,;, but it funk to 
+the Bottom of the Water, when, he perjured himfelf.-As 
+the Cuftom of thefe Oaths came from the Pnft, as alfo 
+the Worfhip of the Gods Pa lid, it is very probable it was 
+in Imitation of what is written in the Book of Numbers, 
+concerning the Trials of the Water that was given aduh? 
+terous Women to drink ; and the Punifhment, mentioned 
+by Authors I* have quoted, were nothing elfe perhaps, but 
+a Tradition of what befel thofe who were guilty of the 
+Crime whereof they were accufed. 
+
+But here we muft add, that the Temple of the Palici 
+was not only venerable upon account of all that I have 
+been now faying, but alio for the Prophecies that were 
+delivered there from time to time. Macrchins, after Xe- 
+vagoras , tells us, that, Sicily being deftroyed with Famine; 
+they confulted the Oracle of the Palici, and were an- 
+iwered, that if they facrificed a certain Heroe,. whom 
+Authors do not name, the Famine would ceafe; which 
+accordingly happened. The Sicilians , in Acknowledg¬ 
+ment of this Blefling, heaped Fruits and Prefents upon 
+the Altars of thofe propitious Deities ; and this, according 
+to Macr obi us, is what makes Virgil fay : 
+
+Pinguis ara Palici . 
+
+§>ua grad, a Jiculi omne germs frugum congejjerunt 
+in aram Pali cor urn. Ex qua ubertate ara^ ipfe pinguis 
+vecata eji . 
+
+The Superftition was afterwards carried fo far as to 
+offer up to thofe Gods human Sacrifices or Vifiims. But 
+this barbarous Cultom was' at length aboliflied, and the 
+Palici contented thcmfelves with common Offerings : Ft 
+is to this the ingenious'Poet I have now quoted is alluding, 
+when he fays, 
+
+Placalilis ara Palici . 
+
+Stephanas 
+
+
+
+A A 
+
+Hiftory of ihe Gods, Goddeffes; GVC 205 
+
+S/ephanus mentions the City and Fountain of the Palici ; 
+
+• and Tor eft us, a celebrated Hiftorian of Sicily ,. informs ns, 
+that the two Lakes, which we have fpoke of, are at this 
+
+Day called Nephti . ' 
+
+♦ : . * 
+
+» 
+
+• Who wa3 Pan , and how came he to be made a 
+God • • 1 . • • 
+
+A; With refpedl'to the God Pan, the Greeks have 
+corrupted antient Hiftory ; for Herodotus judirioufly re¬ 
+marks, Book ii. cli. 195. That Hercules, ] Liber, or Bac¬ 
+chus,- and Pan, were the laft of all the Gods: But yet- 
+among- fhe Egyptians Pan was looked upon as’one of th& 
+eight great Gods, who in their Theology formed the'firlt 
+Clafs, and were the moft powerful, and moft antient 0/ 
+all. Hercules was but in the fecond, which* was made uj£ 
+of twelve Gods, who only came after the other eight 
+we now mentioned, and generated thofe of the third, in 
+which they placed Bacchus . From Bacchus to Aitiajis, 
+continues Herodotus, the Egyptians computed fifteen'thou¬ 
+sand Years, by a Series of well-diftingui Iked Years. Be¬ 
+tween Hercules and that Prince they reckoned a far greater 
+Number of Years; and confequently a confiderable 
+longer Perky! between him and Pan, who was much ah- 
+tienter than the other two. Whereas, according to the. 
+Greek Hiftory, there was from Bacchus the Son of Setnele, 
+and the Time when Herodotus lived, but* about fixteen- 
+hundred Years ; from Hercules the Son of Alcmena, but 
+nine hundred ; and from Pan , the Son of Penelope and 
+Mercury , but about eight hundred. 
+
+After fo pofitive a Teftimony, we are not to lay much 
+Strefs. upon what the Greeks related of the God -Pan* 
+
+• The Egyptians, fays the Author whom I have now 
+quoted, lacrifice neither He-goats nor She-goats, becaufe 
+they reprefent the God Pan , and paint him with the Face 
+and. Legs, of a Goat; wherein the Greeks haveimitated 
+them: ,,Not that .it was believed in Egypt he’bore airy 
+Refemblance, but for Reafons which it would hot- -be 
+agreeable, to repeat* . Thofe • of Mendesj > continues * the 
+fame Hiftorian,. hold the He and She-goats, the fcSritier 
+efpecially, in lingular Veneration, as likewife th£ ,; GOat- 
+herdsr who keep them;. among whom there is one, who 
+is more honoured than the reft:; and his Deathcaufes 
+great Mourning thro’ all the Country. Pan and the He- 
+goat in the Egyptian Language are called Mcndes. Dio¬ 
+dorus 
+
+
+
+
+2 o 6 ■ Hijlory of the Gods, Goddeifes, &c. 
+
+dorus Siculus, Book i. p. 16. fays, that Pan was fo much 
+honoured by the Egyptians, that his Statues were to be 
+feen. in all their Temples, and that to his Honour they 
+had built in The bat’s the City of Cb,?n?ms , that is to fay, 
+the City of Pan . This Author, who takes no notice of 
+Mcndcs in Lower Egypt, where that God was in high Ve¬ 
+neration, adds, that he had accompanied OJiris in his 
+Expedition to the Indies, together with An u bis and Ma¬ 
+ce da, which Herodotus fays nothing of. 
+
+Herodotus durft not tell the Reafon why the Egyptians 
+reprefented. the God Pan under the Figure of a Goat; 
+student Mythologies however affures us, that what induced 
+them to do it was, that Pan, having found the Gods in 
+Egypt, whither they had fled from, the Giants, advifed/ 
+them, as a Means to prevent their Difcovery, to clothe 
+themfelves with the Figures of different Animals; and 
+as an Example he himfelf aflumed that of a Goat. They 
+tell us, that he even fought very refolutely in their Behalf 
+againfl Typbon ; and for his Reward thefe fame Gods, 
+whom he had fo lloutly defended, gave him a Place in 
+Heaven, where he forms the Sign of Capicwn. 
+
+There was no Place in all Greece, where the Divinity 
+of Pan was more honoured, than in Arcadia . This is 
+even thought to have been the Place where he delivered 
+his Oracles. Sacrifices were offered to him of Honey 
+and Goat’s Milk, and the Lupcrcalia were celebrated to his 
+Honour. This FefHval in latter Times became very fa¬ 
+mous in Italy, where Ewander, the Arcadian, had intro¬ 
+duced the Worfhip of Pan . 
+
+The Fable of Pan came at length to be greatly allego¬ 
+rized ; and that this God was looked upon as the Symbol 
+of Nature, his very Name in Greek fingifies /sll ; accord - 
+ingly he was imaged with Horns on his Head, to reprefent, 
+fay Mythologifts, the Rays of the Sun, as the Vivacity 
+and Ruddinefs of his Complexion mark the Brightnefs of 
+the Heavens : The Star which he wears upon his Bread 
+is the Symbol of‘the Firmament; and his Feet and Legs 
+overgrown with Hair denote the inferior Part of the 
+World, the Earth, the Trees, and Plants. The Egyp¬ 
+tians, after having adored the Sun under the Name of O- 
+ftris, and the Moon under that of IJis, made all Nature 
+the Obje& of Adoration under the Symbol of Pan, who 
+is to be confidcred as one of the mod anrient Divinities* 
+of the Pagan World. That 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods? GoddefTes, &c. 20 f 
+
+That extraordinary Voice, which, according to Plu¬ 
+tarch, was heard toward the Echinades JJles , in the Ionian 
+Sea, and which pronounced thefe Words, I'be great Fan 
+is dead. The Aftrologers at that Time, confulted by 
+Tiberius , upon the Credit of famed Thamus , who averred 
+that he had heard it, told that Prince, That it meaned 
+Pan the Son of Penelope. It is probable that Thamus had 
+been fuborned to terrify the Emperor; unlefs we will ra¬ 
+ther chufe to fay with Eufibius, that this Voice was fuper- 
+natural, and that God was pleafed by it to intimate to the 
+World the Death of the Mejfiah which happened under 
+the Reign of that Emperor. 
+
+£>. When did Pan live, and who were Contemporaries 
+with him ? 
+
+A. If we take Pan for the Son of Mercury and. Pjnt- 
+lope , he lived in the Year of the World 2671, before 
+Chrift 1729, to which add 1750 makes 3479 Years fince 
+his Time. His Contemporaries wer & Gideon, the General, 
+and Ruler of the J L ^ J i Ranufes , King of Egypt ; Auabas. , 
+King of Babylon ; Lao me don, King of Troy , AEgcus, King 
+of Athens ; Menactus , King of Thebes ; Oeba/us, King of 
+Lac edema n * Scthcnelus , King of Argos ; Thoas, King of 
+Corinth ; ly cajU^s, King of Crete ; Faunas, King of Italy, 
+
+No Poets, no Hiftoriana at this Time. 
+
+^ Who was Panacea , and how came fhe to be mad* 
+a Goddefs ? 
+
+A . E^fides E/cu/apius, the other G ods of Phyfic among 
+the Greeks were Hygifia, Tbeltfphorus, Jafo, and Panucea % 
+who were faid to be the Children of Efculapius and Medi- 
+
+trina. 
+
+The Pergamtnians , as, we are told by Paufanias, upon, 
+the Faith of an Oracle worfhipped Thele/phorus as a God, 
+whom, the Epidaurians, who alfo aferibed divine Honours 
+to him, called yJcefios, Health-giving, and the Sicyonians, 
+Evemerioju. Accordingly this God, properly fpeaking, 
+was the God ofi thpfe w^o were on the mending hand. 
+Hygifia alfo participated the fame Honours, as her Sifters 
+Panacea and Ja/p. ^rfiophanesSzys, that in the Temple 
+of Efculapius at Sicyon was a Statue of the firft of thefe 
+Goddefles, almoft wholly coyered with a. Veil, to which 
+the Ladies of that Town dedicated their Locks; and we 
+
+£nd her often reprefen;cd, upon antient Monuments and 
+
+Medals, 
+
+
+
+20 3 Hijiory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &er. 
+
+♦ 
+
+Medals, fometimes with her Father, and frequently by 
+herfelf. The Romans efpecially bore a high Refoeft to 
+that Goddefs, looked upon her as the Saviour of the Em¬ 
+pire, and gave her that Tide upon their Medals. • 
+
+k 
+
+<£. Who was Panda, and how came (he to be made a 
+Goddefs ? 
+
+A. The Goddefs Panda, according to Arnobius, was fo 
+called, becaufe fhe opened the Way to the Capitol to- 
+
+\Titzus Tatius. 
+
+Who w as Pandora ? 
+
+A. Prometheus with the Afiiftanceof Minerva, whofe.Ad- 
+vice had been already of Ufe to him in forming the Body 
+of Man of tempered Clay,'got up to Heaven,, and-ap- . 
+proaching the Chariot of the Sun, dole from thence the 
+facred Fire, which he brought down to the Earth in a 
+Ferula. Jupiter, incenfed at this ftrange and audacious 
+Enterprife, ordered Vulcan to form a Woman endued 
+with all Perfections, whence fixe got the Name of Pan* 
+dor a. The Gods loaded her with Prefents, and fent her 
+to Prometheus with a Box full of all kinds of. Mifery. 
+This Prince, fufpeCting the Trick, would have nothing to, . 
+do with her; but Eptmetheus; to whom fheoffered herfelf,-. 
+was fo captivated with her Charms, that he took her to 
+Wife, and had by her Pyrrha, the Wifeof Deucalion, His 
+Curiofity too led him to look into the fatal Box, which 
+he no fooner had opened, than there iffued out of it that 
+Deluge of Miferies, which have fmee over-run the Earth. 
+He fhut it up in: hade, but all was gone but Hope-,. i which 
+had not time to get off, and this, of confequence is the 
+only Blefling that remains with "wretched Mortals; • 
+
+I 
+
+How came the Parcee to be made Goddefles- ? . . 
+
+A. Varro upon Aldus Gellius, Book iii. ch; 16: Of the ’ 
+Origin- of the' Latin Tongue, fays, that, as thefe GoddefTes 
+prehded over the Birth of Men, they took their general- 
+Name from Partus, Birth. Parca , fays he, that is Par- 
+ta ; or, as others fay, a parturiehdo', which comes to the 
+fame. Sergius on the contrary, bn the fourth'Eclbgue of 
+Virgil, aflerts, that they were fo called only by an Anti - 
+phrafs , becaufe they fpare no-body, Quod nemini par cant, 
+in the fame way as the Furies were termed Etttnenidis. 
+
+Htfiod ? 
+
+
+
+Hiftovy of the Gods, Goddeflefs, &?<:. 209 
+
+# 
+
+Hejiad,. in. the Beginning of his Ikicgony, fays, that 
+they were, the Daughters of Night and Erebus. As the 
+whole Deftiny of Men, which was thought to be fubjeffc 
+to the Power of the Parect, refpefted either the Time of 
+their Nativity, or of their Life or Death. Clotbo , the 
+youngeft of the three Sifters, prefided over the Moment 
+when we came into the World/ and' held the DiftafF5 
+bachejis fpun all the Events of our Life $ and Atrcpos, 
+the eldeft of the three, cut the Thread with Sciffars, and 
+thus put a Period to it, according to this antient Verfe. 
+
+Cloth? colum retinet , Lachefts net , Cf Atropos occat. 
+
+0 
+
+There were no Divinities in the Pagan World who had 
+a more abfolute Power than the Pai'ca, Miftreffes of hu¬ 
+man Lot, who regulated its Deftinies : Whatever came to 
+pafs in the World was fubjefl to their Empire. The three 
+moft ufual Names of thefe Goddefies had a plain Allu- 
+fion to their Offices: The fir ft is derived-from x*o bur, 
+to /pin ; the fecond from 'KttytTv, to meafure out by Lot ;■ 
+and die laft from ecTr^hrrov, irreverfible : Or, which cornea 
+to the fame Thing in the main, Ciotbo , as Fulgentius in. 
+his Mythology , Book i. alledges, fignifies Evocation ,-to de- 
+notethat this Goddefs over-rules the Moment of our Birth; 
+Lacbifis fignifies Lot , becaufe it is fhe that regulates the 
+Deftinies 5 and Atropcs, without Order and without Law, 
+to teach us, that this Deftiny is helLby no Coafideration, 
+when the Hour of our Death is once come, and - that fhe 
+
+owns no other Law but that which Fate irapofes upon her- 
+
+• _ 
+
+* • 
+
+• ... - % 
+
+^ How came Ptatnia to be made a Goddefs ; 
+
+A . ^ s the'mo£b antient Symbol, which has been found 
+upon Money, was fome. Animal, Pecus> whence.it had 
+the Name among the Latins of Petunia ; fo they made a 
+Goddefs, according to St. Augujiine, of that fame Word, 
+which they invoked in order to procure it in Abundance. 
+I may .venture to fay, fhe hath too many Votaries among 
+Cbrijiians . *.* .1 «. * .. - 
+
+* m 
+
+JcnvA Turks, and Chriftians ,' feveral Tenets hold. 
+
+Yet all one God acknowledge : This is Gold.. 
+
+What Kind of Gods were the ‘ Penates P 
+
+A . Though it is true; that the Penates were fometimes 
+
+con- 
+
+% 
+
+* 
+
+
+
+2-io Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, 
+
+confounded with, the Lares and Genii, it is certain however, 
+that they were often diftinguifhed from one another, and 
+their Diftindlion is very well obferved in Corioianus** Fare* 
+Wei to his Mother, to whom, according to Dionyftus Ha- 
+licarnajjiis'z. Antiquit. Bookviii. he fays 5 Adieu, ye Pe¬ 
+nates, ye paternal Lares, and ye Genii of this Place. 
+
+Firft, we muft not imagine that the Penates formed a 
+different Clafs of Divinities, fince on the contrary they 
+were chofen from each of them. Sometimes it was Ju¬ 
+piter y often er Vejla, and fo of others, according to the De¬ 
+votion of the Perfons who'made choice of them. Nigi- 
+dius , an antient Author cited by /Irnobius, rgainft the 
+Gentiles , diftinguiftes four Sorts of Penates : The fir if are 
+of the Clafs of Jupiter , that is, chofen from among the 
+Celeftial Gods: The fecond from that of Kept an t , or 
+from the Sea-eods : The third from thofe of Pluto's 
+
+
+Glafs, or from among the Infernal Gods : The latf: may 
+be taken indifferently from the Clafs of all the deified 
+Men. It muft be owned however, that by the Penates were 
+ufually underftood thofe of the Sarnotbracians; ' thoilgh 
+we grant at the fame time, that it was optional .to 
+one to chufe thofe whom he had a mind : Accordinjjjjy 
+
+
+we have antient Infcriptions that make mention orth*. 
+P emit is and Lares of all Sorts, even of living Emperors*. 
+It was likewife permitted- to place their Ariceftors among 
+thofe Gods ; and this is what moll frequently happened 
+The Kw* ns, according to Dionyjtus Haltcarnajjus, Book;?* 
+gave the Name of P nates promffcuoufly to.air their Gods. 
+‘ J But thofe who tr an fluted this Greek Word, have called 
+
+
+(C concealed Gods-, laftly, tutelar Gods ; whereby' it would 
+feem that each defigned to exprefs lome particular Pro- 
+“ perty of thefe Gods, though at the bottom they all 
+mean the fame Thing.” 
+
+Anciently it was not allowable to have “thefe private 
+Gods, nor to addrefs any Worflirp to them; but atiaf&* 
+not only was the Introduction of them tolerated, but’ It 
+was even authorized by fecular Powers. There was ohe’ 
+of’the Laws of the Twelve’Tables, ordering the religious. 
+Celebration of Sacrifices to the Penates, and the unin¬ 
+
+
+terrupted Continuation of them in Families,- in; the fame 
+Manner they had been eltablifhed by the Heads of thofe 
+
+Families. 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods* Goddefles, £s?r. 211 
+
+Families. It is farther known, that, when any one patted 
+into another Family, the Magiftrate took care to provide 
+for the Worfhip' of the Gods whom the adopted Perfon 
+had relinquifhed. If we would now trace the Original 
+of the Penates, I. take it to have arifen from a vulgar 
+Opinion, that the Manes of their Ancettors took pleafure 
+after Death to dwell in their Houfes, where they were 
+even frequently interred, if we may believe Servius upon 
+thefe Words of the Eneid, Book vi. Sc deb us hutic refer 
+ante fuss, and where their Piftures ufed to be preferved in 
+the Places of the created Refpett. For, having conlider- 
+ed them under the Notion of illuftrious Perfons, the/ 
+came by degrees to pay them Refpett and Homage; 
+then they implored their Afiiftance, and at laft founded 
+to them a Worfhip and religious Ceremonies. The Paf- 
+fage of the Book of IVifdom, xiv. 15. “ For a Father af- 
+“ flitted with untimely Mourning, when he hath made 
+“ an Image of his Child foon taken away, now honour- 
+iC eth. him as a God, which was then a dead Man, and 
+,£ delivered to thofe that were under him Ceremonies and 
+u Sacrifices.” This fpeaks of the Death of a Child, 
+heloveil by his Parents, whofe Worfhip was at . lafL., ejfta*- 
+
+in. the Family j and is . a convincing Proof of this. 
+TftUS.I am o^Opiniop, that of old the Pmates .were only 
+the ’Man #'. of their : .Ancedors, as, St.. Jlugujiine, Book i^* 
+ch. i l. of the City of God, proves from t^he> Authority of 
+jfytdpiim aqd Phatinus 5 but that in After-times tliey adh- 
+ciated with the01 all th$ other Gods without Diflanttion* 
+The Statues ,pf the Gods Penates, were made not of 
+Wax-only^ as x ’tome Authors pretend, but indifferently of 
+all Sorts of Materials 4 even .^Silver jtfelF. They were 
+confecrated in, tfie moft,-fecret. Places, which was called 
+the, Latorium, Penetralia*. . There Altars were eretted to 
+them. Lamps, kept burning, and Symbols added, all of 
+them expreffive of Vigilance ; among odiers the Dog, 
+whofe Skin tliefe.Statues wore upon their Shoulders, as 
+the Lares, or had the Figures of them under their Feet. 
+Jpuleius comprehends all the Sacrifices of the Lares and 
+Penates fn thefe Words, fhure, moro, tsf aliquando njitti- 
+mis ; hicenfe, JVine,, and fometimes Pitt inis. There were 
+for that Purpofe Altars, fuch as may be feen in M. Bau- 
+ddaf s Works, intitled, The Utility of Voyages, Pag. 1263- 
+
+On. 
+
+
+
+%X2 Hijtory.of.tbe Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 
+
+On the Evening before the Feaft great Pains were taken 
+to rub the Statues with Balm and Wax, to make them 
+fine and glittering, and capable of receiving the Impref- 
+fion of the Vows that were made to them. This Wax 
+formed a Cruft all over, which covered Matter whereof 
+the Statues were made j and this no doubt is what had de¬ 
+ceived the Authors I mentioned, who took .'them to .be 
+made of Wax. Antiently Children were offered to them 
+in Sacrifices, but Brutus, he who expelled the Tarquins, 
+•changed this barbarous Sacrifice into one more natural ; 
+■and from that Time nothing was offered to them.but 
+Wine, Incenfe^ Fruits, and fomet'mes bloody Viflimii 
+Lambs, Sheep, t-fr. as we fee'in Hc-nce, who, inviting 
+his Miftrefs to come and affift at the Sacrifice, 'which^d 
+was preparing in his Family in Honour of the t G'eniu i s 1 
+
+takes notice to her of the Preparation he had made for! it’; 
+
+« . .... 1 ) 
+
+Ridet argento domus ; era cq/lis 
+
+Vinci a verhenis , a vet immolato •» 
+
+Spargier agno. ’ \ 
+
+Tilullvs, in like manner fpeaks of the Sacrifice of .3 
+Sheep, which he offered up to the rural Gods of J.tfif? 
+Lares. Their Statues were like wife crowned with 
+toons, Garlick and Poppy, and feveral little Ceremonies 
+were added thereto, which is needlefs to recite; 
+proper only to remark, that in the pubHck Sacrifices 
+offered to the Penates, they facrificed to them a as' 
+
+has been faid in the Anfwer to the Queftimi -of the 
+Lares, from Varro and Propertius , and this Cuftom il 
+thought to be introduced by JEneas. It*Was in the'.Time 
+of the Saturnalia, that they celebrated the FeftivaT' of the 
+Leins and Penates , and there was a Day befides" In each 
+Month fet apart for worfhipping the 1 domeftick Gfl^* 
+Zeal went even fometimes fo far as’to worfhip fom’e of 
+them every Day, and even feveral times in the fame 
+Day, as Suetonius arid .Tacitus proves’ from the’Example 
+of Nero, ivho negle&ed all the other Gods for thp Sake 
+of a favorite Penates. . 1 r ” 7 1 . 
+
+As not only private Perfons had each his Gods Mant's 
+or Penates, but every People chofe of 'thexn~f6r the'Pr6- 
+fervation of the State; there was at RPme a Temple corr- 
+fecrated to the dome flick Gods, and there was fet'aw 
+part for them a Holiday, which was celebrated with a 
+
+great 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &f<;. 213 
+
+• i * . * * 
+
+great deal of Solemnity, the fecond of tfre Kalends of 
+January, ’ that is,. the.lafl. Day'of December. To this 
+were added the Games ca.\\$dCbmpitales, zs much.as to fay . 
+thofe of the Crofs-flreets,. becaufe the Penates _ prefided 
+over them. . In fine, fo great Refpedl,.was paid, tp the 
+Penaies, ,diat ; no importantJgnterprife w*s undertaken, 
+without confulting them j. their figures were even fome- 
+times carried about in Journeys, as we learn from Jpu- 
+leius: “ Wherever I go, fays he, I always carry with me 
+“ in my Journey the Figure of fome God.” And Cicero , 
+it feems, was afraid of fatiguing )iis favorite Minerva, 
+when,, upon fetting out fpr his Exile, he went in a folemn 
+Manner and confecrated her in the Capitol. The Figure 
+of the Gods Penates was fometimes the.fingle Reprefen-' 
+ration of fome God, Genius, Heroe, or Demi-god, or,- 
+l.aftly, of fome famous Anceflor; frequently they were- 
+Pantheons, that is, fuch as were charged with the Sym-. 
+hols of feveral Divinities 5 of thefe we .find feveral in Upon, 
+Coupe }\ and particularly in Baudelai's Utility of Voyages. 
+
+As Man is naturally curious and anxious about Futu¬ 
+rity, it is probable \ that among th e Penates there were fome 
+ivfio delivered Oratles. We know that no important Bufi- 
+nefs Was doiie!. without .cqhfulting. the Oracle ; but as .the 
+Places‘ to'Which they : li ad to repair for that Purpofe were 
+fometimes gemote, as great Apparatus and Expences were 
+neceffary, in order to.confult them, it was more convex 
+nient.for eyery Mai> to have one in his ownHoufe, which 
+he'confuited at leaf! for all domeftick Affairs. It is true, 
+I.haye not.found any pofitive Authority to inform us of 
+tMs Fa^j f ;buf frequently a Medal, and Intaglio, let. us 
+know many Things which we fhould other wife be. ignorant* 
+of. Cupponi, the honorary Conefpondent of the Acaderay- 
+of the ^* 7 /$/ Lett res, fent, in 1733, t0 M , de Bcze the Print 
+of arfahtique Intaglio, a Cornelian, which reprefents an 
+Altar whereon is .a Head, or rather a Mafk ; by the Sidc # - 
+and jalmolt behind, is the Figure of a Man {looping down,; 
+with His Head, inclined as it wer.e to liften; upon the 
+Forepayt is .a Woman Handing, and at the foot of the 
+Altar ‘Animal'.. ‘The Explication given of it, in 
+
+the ninth’Volume of'the Memoirs of th$ Academy, pet-. 
+fe&Iy agrees to one of the Gods Pt nates. The Mafk re- 
+prefents either theGodT/itt qxSylvantis, or fome; other 
+of that Clafs: The Man, who is in a liftening Poflur e, isex- 
+
+petting 
+
+
+
+• - 
+
+ir4 Tit (lory of the Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 
+
+pedting his Refponfe : The Woman, who is Handing, 
+feems to come for Infight, either into fome Dream, or 
+fome other Affair which difturbs her : The little Animal, 
+which may be taken for a Dog,or for a young Kid, is the 
+Viflim deitined for the Sacrifice. All this may be feea 
+more fully in the Place which I have mentioned. 
+
+Thefe Phrygian Gods, adopted with great Revenues by 
+the Romans , who were fond of nothing fo much as of 
+being thought to be defcended from Eneas and his Mo¬ 
+ther Penns i were placed in a Temple near the Forum, 
+Here is the Description of them by Dionyfius UalicarnaJJus , 
+Book i. “ They were, fays he, two Men fitting, each 
+* c of them armed with a Pike, and the Sculpture of them 
+* ( was very antient. We have alfo, adds this Author, 
+ie feveral other Statues of the Gods in old Temples, 
+“ which are all in a military Garb.” The facred Fire, or 
+Vejia, which Eneas likewife brought with him, was un¬ 
+doubtedly the moll diftinguifhed of the Gods Penates ; fo 
+Virgil, Eneid. Lib. ii. 
+
+Sic ait, & manibus vittas , vcjiamque potent an 
+E ter manque adytis offer t penctralibus ; ignem . 
+
+After that He Par had recommended thefe Gods to hiny 
+he himfelf approaches the facred Hearth, and removed 
+fi-om thence the Fillets of Vejla , and the Fire that was 
+there burning. If wc may believe Varrc , cited by Ma- 
+crobius. Book iii. Ch. 4. Oardarus had firll brought thefe 
+Phrygian Penates into- the Ifiand of Samotbrace , and 
+Eneas transferred them thereafter from Troy into Latium . 
+
+I ftiall only add farther, that the Idols which Jacob 
+brought from the Houfe of Laban his Father-in-law, and 
+which the Holy Scripture calls Tberapbwr, were the Gods 
+PenattSy whole Worfhip was propagated afterwards into 
+Phrygia, thence into Greece and Italy: This, without all 
+Controverfy, is their true Original. We may add in the 
+laft Place, that it was probamy believed in the Pag/m 
+World, that Houfes were not fufiiciently guarded by the 
+Lares and Penates, iince they had alfo other Gods to take 
+care of the Gates, the Keys and Hinges, of which I have 
+fpoken elfewhere. 
+
+4 
+
+How came Piety to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A* As Piety , whether we have for its Object the fu- 
+
+premc 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, & 5 V. 2iJ 
+
+premc Being, or the Poor, or one's Country, has always- 
+been refpedled in all human Societies, we need not won¬ 
+der that the Romans made this Virtue a Divinity, and the 
+Object of Wor{hip. M. Attilints Glabro built a Temple to 
+her in the Herb-market, a fecond in the Place where the 
+Woman dwelt who had nurfed her Father in Prifon, 
+which is exprelTed to us by that of natural Affe&ion*: 
+Pietas erga parentcs . 
+
+
+How came "Philip , King of Mace don, to be made a 
+
+God? 
+
+
+A. Philip , King of Mace don, was too illuftrious not to 
+acquire heroic Honours ; accordingly he had in Alces a 
+Chapel built in the Form of the Rotunda, where he had a 
+Statue of Gold, by the Hand of Leochares . However 
+ambitious his Son Alexander was to be taken into the 
+Number of the great Gods, as in the Oracles I have faid 
+elfewhere, I know not if he ever attained even to heroic 
+Honours; at leaft, if any Worlhip was paid to him, it 
+was not very extenlive. Phylacus, for having relieved 
+the City of Delphi, obtained a heroic Monument. Poly - 
+doncs , the Son of Alcamenes, King of Sparta, received 
+extraordinary Honours from the Lacedemonians after his 
+Death. Deucalion had Altars in Greece , and was honour¬ 
+ed there as a Divinity ; Diomedes was efteemed a God, 
+and had a Temple and facred Grove at Timavus, accord¬ 
+ing to Strabo, Page 146. Ergane, a Goddefs, had alfo 
+her Altar. The Defendants of Phidias facrificed to him, 
+according to Paufanias . Hermotimus was worlhipped as a 
+God among the Claxomenians, and had there a Temple, 
+according to the Teftimony of Tertulian dt Ammo. Pala- 
+medcs, according to Philojiratcs , in the Life of Apollo Tya- 
+nevs, was honoured as a God : He had a Statue ere&ed 
+to him with this Infcription, To the G^/Palamedes. Pan- 
+darus, according to Strabo, was worfhipped in Lycia. Pa- 
+Cthca , fays Cicero , in his firft Book of Divination, had a 
+Temple near Lacedtmon : Others take her for 'Paftphae the 
+Wife of Minos . Phoroncus , as we learn from Pcufan:as in 
+Corinth, had one at Corinth , near that of Ncmean Jupiter \ 
+and even in Pattfemia ?s Time they celebrated the Ani- 
+verfary of that Heroe. Acejidas and Act jins had alfo he¬ 
+roic Monuments in Greece, as we read in the fame Au¬ 
+thor ; as alfo Acratius, a Genius of Bacchus 's Retinue, and 
+
+Adrajlus 
+
+
+
+*«i6 Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefles, £sV. 
+
+A dr aft us the Son of Talaus, JEthlius the Son of Eolus, 
+who was firnamed Jupiter $ Agamedes and. Tropbenius his 
+-Brother, the fame who had the famous Oracle ; Agamem¬ 
+non and Mendaus, an & Ajax the. Son of Telamon, parti¬ 
+cipated of the fame Honour j while Ajax, the Son of 
+Oileus, received them in the fmall- Ifland of Ltuce , where 
+a particular Worfhip was alfo paid to Acbilies. Phyrrus 
+his Son was alfo worihipped' principally at Delphi- Ly- 
+curgus, if we may believe Strabo , Book vii. had a Temple 
+at Lacedemon . P aufanias, who of all the Ancients has 
+enlarged moil upon this Subject, having travelled over 
+Greece , which was full of heroic Monuments, makes 
+mention of thofe of Alakomedcs, the Fofter-fhther of 
+Xtlinernja ; of Alcathcus, Alcimedis, Ale hies, . Alton, 'Am- 
+bryffus, An axis, Mn aft nous, Aratus, j5r:bemorus, Aftra- 
+bacus , Atys, Augeas; of the Arcadian Aulan, of Bdldn, 
+Squire to Asnphiaraus ; of Pcrfeus, Tbyeftes, whofe heroic 
+Monument was upon the Highway that led from My- 
+ccv.a to Argos ; of BAlcropbon, Putts, Chilan, Cladeusf the 
+Son of Hillus ; of Chiron, fo celebrated in the heroic 
+Age ; of Cleonicdes , CUoncs, C? anius. He makes alfo men¬ 
+tion either of the Temples or Statues of Stcmmutius , of 
+the Caret is, of Tenet, Uyacintbus , peculiarly honoured in 
+Laconia ; of Id a us, the Companion of Hercules, worship¬ 
+ped in Sardinia ; of Ipbiclcs, Brother to- the fame Hercules ; 
+of Oreftcs 9 Laced: men, Latius, Lapbiftius, Lycurevs, Me- 
+lampus, Hippoton, whofe heroic Monument was at Athens ; 
+of Ptreugof e to whom heroic Honours were paid at the 
+Time of the Feftival of Diana Li nine, tis, whofe Statue he 
+had carried off at Sparta 5 of Prometheus, whq had a Sta¬ 
+tue in Pbocis, with a Chapel and Altar ; Games were alfo 
+inftituted in honour of him ; of Ptolomy Phi lad dpi. us, 
+whom this Author reckons in the Number of the Heroes ; 
+Epenynn s j of Sebrus, Alcimus, Enarcpborus, whom Apcl- 
+h'donts calls Arcimus • of Do rye Its and Tebrus , whofe he¬ 
+roic Monuments were in Lyconia ; of Stinyclcrus, the Meft- 
+ftvnian Heroe j of Tboras the Son of Auteftan, whofe Ani- 
+verfary was celebrated by the Thercans, who derived their 
+Name from him; of TriptoLmus, whofe Temple was to 
+be feen at Eleujis ; of Zarax, a Man of great Fame, who 
+hadlearned Muficfrom Apollo himfelf, ana whom this Au¬ 
+thor reckons to have been not far from Athens, but on the 
+Extremity of Laconia x where was the City of Zarax a, to 
+
+which 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods*, GoddefTes, &c. 2 i f 
+
+m 9 
+
+which he communicated his Name. This curi'dusrTra- 
+veller, after naming feveral'Heroes, has not fbrgot the 
+illuftrious Women who had attained to the fame fjoriburs; 
+fuch as Alexandra, or Cnjj'andra, the Daughter cfP'rranr, 
+who had a Temple in Greece ; jHantriol tyhcrfc -ATtar’ \va« 
+at Athens in the Temple of Hercules her Son flfldromdche, 
+who had an heroic Monument in the fame Colihtfy ;"An ax- 
+and re, -who had like wife 1 an Altar the re; as.&lfo Aphea, 
+and the 'Trojan -Aimcne ; * Corouis , the D aughter of Pbih egjn .■ „ 
+and Mother of Efculapvus, who was worflupped there \vicli 
+her Son; Helen, who had a Temple 1 at Lactdemon 
+31 ifin, the Daughter of A re hidanc, who gained' 1 the Prize 
+at the Olympic Games; Hi lam *and Pb&bJct; tfteWityfe; 
+of Cajhi" and Pollux- ; Jodamia, who, though transformed 
+into a Stone, had the Honour of another Altar*; Ip hi- 
+medial Ldphrra, Lafria, Lato-ba , the Mother Of Apoi}o <&AX 
+Diana ; Mania-, the' Daughter of Tzref.a, who prbfeflbfci 
+the Art of Prediction, J ' like; her Father ; Mcganird'l PhWdlna, 
+whofe Tomb was honoured by unfortunate Lovers i ahd 
+
+• —V _ - 1 /• ^ 1 * 4 * 1 • ' .1 , ’ # 
+
+
+to 
+
+
+
+Who was Pluto, and how catne he’ to.\bc* made a 
+
+God ? 
+
+A. Pluto, the Son of Sat dm and Rhea orO/uywas the 
+younger of the three Titan Brothers, who efciiped- the 
+* Cruelty of their Father, m the Divifion of the Worhl 
+among .them; Hell was F/«/o’s-Lot, that is, Italy, and 
+afterwards Spain . That'this Prince had Hell for his Loc 
+Diodorus Siculus fays, namely, that this Fable arofe from 
+his being; the firfl: who founded'the 1 Cnftom c^burying 
+
+O I ^ • •- W * j If' QJ 
+
+the Dead, of transferring them into Sepulchres, and of 
+bellowing other Honours upon them, which,' before, him, 
+had been neglected. But what Probability is there, that 
+Duties fo natural fhoukl be overlooked.till.the Time of 
+Plu>0 I It is therefore much more probable tfrat he was 
+reckoned the King of Hell, becaufe he-lived in a very 
+low Country,- in refpeft of Greece, where J after hacl 
+fixed his Empire 5 and the following are the true Foun¬ 
+dations of a Hiffory which has bceri fo much difguiied. 
+
+Plntr, having retired to the Extremities of applied 
+
+himfelf greatly to carry on the Working of the Gold and 
+
+L Silver 
+
+
+
+,2x3 H'rjlory of the G ods, Goddefles,. &c. 
+
+Silver Mines, which .were very common, efpecially on 
+the .Side .of Cadiz., where he fixed his Refidence,: Ret'ua, 
+where Pluto fettled, was "that Province which we now call 
+Jlndalujia ; and the River Beds, now called Gaudalquinjx,-^ 
+
+• gave that Name to it. This River formed of old at its 
+Mouth a fmall Ifiand called Bart if us, with a City of that 
+Name ; this was the Tartfus of the Antients, whence 
+Tartarus was formed We may remark, that, tiio’ Spain 
+is not reckoned at this Day a Country fertile in Mines, 
+yet the Antients fpeak of it to us as a Country where were 
+many Mines of Gold and Silver : They tell us, even by 
+a kind of Hyperbole, that its Mountains and Hills were 
+almoft all Mountains of Gold ; (fee Poffidonius) that nigh 
+to Tartfus was a Mountain of Silver, fee Aasicnus, Ar.if- 
+totic informs us, that the firft Phcnicians who landed 
+there found fo great a Quantity of Gold and Silver, tha,t 
+they made their Anchors of thofe precious Metals. The 
+Author of the Maccahus, Book x. Chap. 8. fpeaking of 
+the Romans, fays, that they, by the Conqueft of Spain, 
+made themfelves Mafiers of the Mines of Gold and Silver 
+that were in that Country. Silius the Poet calls Spain a 
+Country fertile in Gold ; 
+
+Jam terra cedit liter a , 
+Anriferh tandem Phcnix depidfus ab oris. 
+
+
+This doubtlefs is what obliged Piute , who was ingenious 
+in that kind of Work, to fix his Refidencc about Tartfus ; 
+and this is aifo what made him pafs for the God of Riches,, 
+and go under the Name of Pluto , inllcad of that of y/ry- 
+filav. r, which he had before ; which has frequently been 
+confounded with Plains the God of Riches, whom I fliali 
+
+
+fpeak cf in Anfwcr to the next Qucflion. 
+
+The Situation of Pluto's Kingdom, which was .a very 
+low Country in refpeft of Grew, made him pafs for the 
+God of Hell: Befides, as he continually employed La¬ 
+bourers in the Mines, who were obliged to take a far Way 
+about into the Bowels of the Earth. Add to this, that they 
+who work in the Mines commonly die there : Pluto was 
+therefore reckoned the King of the Dead, and the very 
+Name which he bore. Ads, hgniiied Death, Dtjiraction \ it 
+icems to he formed from the Pbaduiem Word KJ or Aid, 
+i ■Ki/ms.t. Moreover the Ocean, upon v/hofe Coal! he 
+i-.iv'Uad. v/a. a Place overlpread with Dark* 
+
+ne it 
+
+
+
+Hiji-ory of the Gods;' Goddeflbs, 'Qc. 21a 
+
+~\ • t f 1 - 
+
+nefs; and this, I reckon, is .the Foundation''bf*.all the 
+
+^ i ^ i « « ^ « # i ^ j ♦ * 
+
+Fables that were invented afterwards COnceHiia g : Pluto , 
+and his Realms of Darknefs. It is‘probable, for'Ex¬ 
+ample, that the famous Tartarus , that Place fo noted fit 
+Pfuro's Empire, comes from Tartarus which is near Cddi^k, 
+The River Lethe conies, not improbably, from't ii&Gu.a-* 
+dale the, which - runs over-againft-’that City ; and thb Lal<e 
+Aaicrrius frpm .the Word Aharona , i nip or ting, at the Ex¬ 
+tremities ; a Name given to that Lake which is near' the: 
+Ocean; accordingly Pinto was efpecially \vorflupped' ht 
+Cadiz, under the Name of Death, as Philojlratus remarks r 
+■Soli hormnum fejiis canttbus Mortem celebrant , fays he of 
+the People of Cadiz. . As to which there can be no doubt, 
+fmee the Phaiicians , whole Language was eilablilhed at 
+Cadiz, with the Colonics that Hercules had planted there, 
+called Vlut'-, Muth, their Name for Death. Add to this, 
+that all the Names given to him, in the feveral Countries 
+where he was worfhipped, have a Reference to' this 
+Title, G'jd of the Dead. The Latir.s call him Suntan us, 
+the Sabines, Jo ran us, a Word which has Affinity to that 
+of a C'.Jjin ; others Orcus, or Argus, or F, hr us. The Keys, 
+that were put into his Hand indead of a Sceptre, fignified 
+rhis God had the Keys of a Kingdom whence there is 
+r.o Return : The Sacrifices of black Sheep that were of¬ 
+fered to him, and other Things of that Nature, alluded - 
+to the fame. This God had lcveral other Names, Ju- 
+tdter , Styfus, Ag>flans, Agefandcr, bccaufe he palled for 
+-a Leader of the People and Colonies, ALeader 
+of the People Ayio-x-.^L, of Men ; nxYo?, rich, upon 
+account of the Mines ; Dis or A.Ls, a terra, fub terra, 
+ejus rcprnnm ; Dis-patcr, or Dio/piter. I faiii they oJfered, 
+black Victims to Pluto, to which I add, that he had this, 
+in common with all the infernal Divinities ; Ditches were 
+dug about the Altars, the principal Ceremony confided 
+in pouring in thither the blood of the Victims, as if it 
+had been nceeiTary for it to penetrate to the Kingdom of 
+that God. Again, whatever was of bad Prcfagc was 
+efpecially confecrated to him the fccond Month of the 
+Year, and the fecond Day of the Tame Month ; and that 
+lu’Ctuife, according to a Principle diflu fed through Italy 
+irom the Time of Pythayer.ti, the Number Two was of 
+•ill Numbers the mod unlucky, denoted the bad Prin¬ 
+ciple, and conllapiently Dilbrder and Cunfulion. Pluto 
+
+1., z the. 
+
+
+
+2 20 I liftery' of \the G ods,'' G oddeiics, v &c. 
+
+the Divine, in }iis T/wr///‘ tin« 5 l'ure<I’ wfth the Do&rih'e of 
+' Pythagoras, compared this‘Number to ~T>Vdna always bar¬ 
+ren, and confequcritly“ defpifed. We have few ; IV!chu¬ 
+rn ents of Pluto but in'thefe which Time' has preferred, 
+lie is reprefehted’ with his. Sceptre or' Battorr Avitli’ twb 
+Points, to.dihinguidi it.from N.-ptunPs 'Tndenf tvhich' had 
+three. We find him likewise feated up6n' a'Tlu'Oiie, hbld- 
+_ ing a Sceptre or a Spear in liis Left-hand,, hnd With the 
+Right giving Ccrbcnts, the Dog of Hell, a'Sop ; fom^- 
+times he has the Calathus upon his Plead, becatife Scra- 
+whofe Symbol the Cal at bus is, was the fairtfc arliohg 
+the Egyptian.', as Pluto among the Greeks, ■ 
+
+• f 
+
+Who was P hit us, and how came he'to be’made 'a 
+God r # . .. • r , 
+
+✓/. Some Anticnts, from the near Rcfemblance be¬ 
+tween the Names of Pluto and P Jut ns, h:\vc taken them 
+for one and the fame God 5 but the greateft Part have 
+always diHinguifiled them. All arc agreed with Hijtod, 
+that Pinto was the Son of Chrencs, or Saturn, and Risen ; 
+now the fame Poet aflerts, that P hit ns owed his Original 
+to Ccns and Jttf.cn, t£ Gw, fays he, having had Cent- 
+merce with the Pierce Jnfn, and had a Son by him 
+<{ named Pin/ns, whom flic brought forth in the Iftanci (if 
+“ Cuts, and who was very powerful by Sea and I.and.” 
+PPgiuus, Cr>I. Pott. Pjltr. in ArUnphylnwc, adds thcTclli- 
+iiiOny of an antient Idiftorian of the City of GncJ'us in the 
+PH and of Crete, named Pt tniluh s, who positively aiTerts 
+it. te To Certs anti 'JaJion, fays that antient fliftorian, 
+f ‘ were bern two Sons, PI iLnuftts and Ptnti.s , who had 
+“ but little favour for one another. 'I'he latter' who was 
+
+% l , | * # x r 
+
+6i extremely rich, imparted no Share of Uir Snbfnnce to 
+* l hio Brother, who, being lore reduced, fold the {mail 
+“ Ellate he had, bought two Oxen with the Price, and fet 
+“ about cultivating of die Giounti, and was the fir ft that 
+“ applied inmielt to Agriculture. Ilis Mother Crr { j, alur 
+“ paving admired the Ait, which her Son had invented, 
+
+<f placed him among theSta:s, wherhhb forms the Ponhs, 
+
+“ or the .//a-./GaI favibg given you the Tranlla- 
+tiun, die Oriyinal follow s. ‘ his lid'cli C'crefe & 
+
+“ Jafoiic; ui Peudlides Cnofilus I lilloriarum Seriptor do* 
+
+** monfii.it, nafcuiuur Kiln duo Philomelas PIuUls qnos lie. 
+
+“ gam inter fe tcnveniFe : Nam Plutuui qni diiior fuuiit, 
+ll uil.il iia'ii ‘mo be buni, coiicciinw ; 1 hdomehun anU iu 
+
+“■ need- 
+
+
+
+—■ —' - ^ t I ' • i * \ - v 
+
+** necqfTario aduftum, quodcunquc habuerit, 1 
+'* co Bayes. dubs emiile, ip lunfp rim urn pin 
+
+
+IHJicry- of >tie ; ( 3 od$, Goddeftes, 221 
+
+vcndidifTe, ex 
+plaultrurii ia.br i- 
+
+“ calumefie. Itaqpe arendo et colendb agros, ex co fe 
+fi aluiiTe. Cujus matrem inveritum miratam, uramntimi 
+l< cum inter fiaera conlticuiile Sc Bootem appellate.” 
+
+f-Iere then* ^according tQ the .Authority of an an tie nt 
+Hiiiorian, whom, flyginus does not cohtradi 3 : ? is a Sbn of 
+jufiou ,. named Phans, a very rich Mari ; arid who, con¬ 
+sequently may be the God of Riches adored bv the G ’rests. 
+This Pint ns . the God of Riches, whoever he was, having 
+been observed to difpenfehis Favours very unequally, was 
+therefore given out to be blind, as well as Lo*vc. sirijic- 
+/*■/•. >::<s, in his Phans, adds, that he was lame, becaufe, 
+whenever.'he had a mind to enrich the Good, he came to 
+
+j 1 • 1 > * 
+
+them but very ttowly ; and when he came to favGur them, 
+he was laid to be very clear-righted, and to have good 
+Ryes. We know in what Manner this comic Poet rallies 
+the Aihnhc.vs with refpeT to this God, and how, when 
+the good Cbretzylus had reilored his Sight to him, he puts 
+him in the Place of Jujitcr, and makes him to be the 
+only God whom they invoked. Pl.vP.n-, and 
+
+Liu: an tell us, Phil us \y as a dafiardly God, whence E 
+iisi is has taken occahon to make one of his Proverbs ; 
+but Plutns vindicates liimfelf from that Imputation, in 
+the Comedy which I have cited, and fays, that as Thieves 
+and Robbers never could catch him, that is, never could 
+make themfelves Matters of great Riches, hence they 
+conllrudted his Precaution and Fore fight to be Cowardice, 
+•it. '"f (vuv.' r followed by feveral ecclefi alii cal Writers, al- 
+ledgcs, that.the Syriac and CLuiLLiic Word, Mnvivi was 
+the fame with t he, Phans of the Gnr/:s ; it is true indeed, 
+that Word fignilics Riches, and in the Books of Gmr/.s and 
+.‘A/*, Mutbmvh is taken for Treafures; but this, as I take 
+it, is no Proof that the Syrians and Cbi.lJcnns had made a 
+God of Riches. 
+
+-T When did Plulu live, and who were Contempora¬ 
+ries with hirn ^ 
+
+A . Pjutb lived in the Year of the World 2511, before 
+CfTll Years, to which add 1750 makes 3139 Yean 
+h.ice his Fime; his Contemporaries were Othni*., C I !'a 
+Son-in-law, who ruled the Jjrailit.s Anancpbis, the tbird 
+kinp of hi. \!t : 7 */«.'. -j. him]' of P>,:I\!.n : Kill. 1 ' 
+
+of .Liinr.s ; Ctii/vaij, King oi fj'Aus ; Euritas, King of l .. - 
+
+
+l, 3 
+
+
+a i'i'/zUji: 
+
+
+
+222. Hijlcry of the Gods ;. Goddefles r 
+
+ce demon ; Lynccus, King of sir gas ; Epofeus 9 King ' of" 
+8 'icyon ; Sifyphits, King of Corinth ; Ericbthonius , King of 
+V/ oy ; Jupiter^ King of Crete Saturn, being expelled 
+Crete, reigned with "'ftihus .in Italy* Chiron , Pluto *s 
+
+younger Brother,. an excellent,-Phyftcian, taught Efcu- 
+iapius Phylic, Apollo Mufic,: Hcv.nilts, Agronomy,, and was 
+Tutor to AckiIh's, No Poets, no Hiflorians at this Time. 
+
+Who were Contemporaries with Plutus , and when 
+did he live r 
+
+A. Plutus lived in the Year of the Word Z711, before 
+Chrift 1 211, to which add 1750 makes 3039 Years fince his 
+Time. His Contemporaries were Alimclecby who ruled over 
+the Jfrui'litts Belus, King of Babylon ; Eteoclcs, King of 
+Pbelts ; Cijlcr and Pollux of Lacedemov Piijibn‘£r ?,\King 
+of At g<s ; Adrajius, King of Sicy at ; Primus,, King of 
+e f roy ; Erithrus, King of Spain ; Premier ruled in Germany ; 
+Linus, the Son of Apollo and Tcrpjtdcrc, a Phelan, who 
+taught Mufic and Letters, and was Mailer to Orpheus and 
+Hercules. 
+
+How came Poverty to be made a Goddefs. ? . 
+
+A.. Arrian, de Exp . Alex, informs us, that the ..QaAau 
+rid ns adored Poverty with the Arts, which they joined: hi 
+the fame Worihip, 'becaufe Poverty is, indeed,,-the Mo¬ 
+ther of Invention. Plautus, in his Trincvs^ in due Pro¬ 
+logue to that Comedy, makes this Goddefs one* of • the 
+Perfons in the Play, and fays, that fhe was the Daughter 
+of Dcbaucbir , Pluto makes Lcvt to her Son; 
+
+• #' • 
+
+How came Prayers to be made Goddcfies ?<- 
+A. .Prayers , according to H,jiad, in hi3 Pheogpny, were 
+V iipiiet's Daughters, moaning Sifters who were, repul fed 
+ofeener than they were heard. Hcnnr, ■ in the Speech of 
+Pba.nix to Achillas, gives a charming Defcription of them : 
+
+ct pray’rs are ‘Jo-vds Daughters, of celeftial Race ; 
+
+“ Lame are their Eect,. and wrinkled is.their Race; 
+
+With-humble Mien r and with dejefted Eyes, 
+
+**• Conlladt they follow where Injufticc:flics : 
+
+■ , ’ J ‘ Injutlicc fwift, eredlf auft nn confin'd, 
+
+* % Sweeps the wide Earth, and. tramples o'er Mankind, 
+
+14 While/Vi-vyh j,to heal hurWrongs,move flow behind. 
+
+44 Who 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+< i 
+
+u 
+
+ff 
+
+*c 
+
+4 < 
+
+H. 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+:Wh'o bears thefe Daughters of almightjrvJW<-*, ■ 
+For him they mediate the Throne-dbover 
+When Man rejects the humble Suit-they make. 
+The Sire revenges for the Daughter's Sake-; ■ * 
+From "'fove cornmilfton’d, fierce fnjudice then 
+Dcl’ccuds, to punifii unrelenting Men. 
+
+1 • 1 Pope, IHiaddx. ‘624. 
+
+. • . i 
+
+
+The Mythologifls give fevcralExplications of this Alle¬ 
+gory : hut it requires no great Penetration to find out, 
+mac Hcnirr calls Prayers lame, becaufe they come not juft 
+after the Injury that had occafioned them ; that they have 
+tv tinkled and down-call Eyes, to denote how apt Men arc 
+in' defer Repentance, and how humble at lad, when they 
+want to make their Peace with the offended Party. 
+
+
+P. Who was Pria-pxcSy and how came he to be made 
+
+a Cod ? 
+
+A. Though Authors are not unanimous as to Priapn As 
+Father and Mother, fince fomc of the Ancients affert, that 
+he was the Son of a Nymph .named AT.v, or, according 
+to-other&, Chime 1 yet molt Authors arc pretty well agreca, 
+thrtt \t& vvas the Son of Bacchus and Venus. Jurq> they 
+add; beings jealous of that Goddefs, wrought To by her 
+Enchantments, that (lie-made her Child quite morftrocs 
+and deformed. Thus Vmus had r.o fooner brought him. 
+into the World, than ihc removed him out of her Sight, 
+and gave him to bo educated at Lampfuats, a famous City 
+and Port of Afx //«•, at the Mouth of the II l/efp-mt, whence 
+this God Was ever fluce borne the Name of Latnpjl-c-tnus, 
+Having afterwards become the Dread of Hulbands, ha 
+was* bamftietl 'that Town ; but :the Inhabitants, nidifi¬ 
+ed with a fecrct Diftcmper, recalled him, and from that 
+Time he was made the Objedt of publick Veneration ; 
+a Temple was built to him, and Sacrafices inflitutcd to 
+his Honour. It is eafy to fee, that under this Fi&ion i:; 
+wrapped up'chc Hiftory of the Propagation of the Wor- 
+fldp of this ijod’tionvEgypt to Lampficus \ and jthc.Obfcr- 
+vation l have'made: from licrodatusy that the :Birch of'aGod 
+in a Country means-only the Introdudliotv oftJhfe Worihip 
+in that fame Country, ought efpecially to take place here. 
+
+' Accordingly he was given out to be the Soirol J>tu\.bus or 
+Oiot.'xf;u: , who made the Concpiell of die Indus, who iv:t‘i 
+
+I- .1. die 
+
+
+
+424 Hi ft cry, of 'the Qods, JGodde] 
+
+
+the fame with 0 /Iris, and there as no doubt but th q Venus, 
+
+r # ♦y ^ ^ w - - t ^ ' * 4 - ^ ^ 44. ^ 
+
+•who is given.him .for his Mother, is, the,feme with JJ£x. 
+This Egyptian Queen, as has been, hud, had introduced 
+after the Death of her Huffcand the infamous Ceremony 
+
+' ^ ♦ * J • 4 * J f ~ ^ 
+
+of the Phc.li:fs r \ This is .the whole TJV'Iyfiery, of Fji/^us, 
+■who was reprefented in -fo ebfeene a Man n«V. a Xmuft. be 
+cxcufed from enlarging farther upon the Ob/ceidti eschar 
+accompanied the worfbip of this God, to whom they 
+facri£ced an Afs. St. slupij.inc had: Reafons for revealing 
+them which fubfift no more ; and I fhnll only add, that 
+Jicijfiurt has given a Print of a Bas-relief which repre- 
+fents the principal Peall of Ptlupus. It is celebrated, by 
+Women, the chief of whom, who is probably ,the Pricif- 
+cfs, anoints the Statue of the Gcd, while others are pry- 
+fenting to him Bafkets full of Fruits, and Vafes full of 
+"Wine, as to the God of the Gardens and of the Country; 
+We fee otheis of them in the Attitudes of Dancers, play¬ 
+ing upon an Inftiumcnt not unlike a Harp. There are 
+two of them playing-upon die Flute, another holds a 
+Siflrum, a new Argument that it was an Egyptian Cere¬ 
+mony; another, cloathed like a Bacchanal, carries a Child 
+on her Shoulders. There are fame others taken nn.in 
+
+i * * JL • * * * 
+
+facrificing the Afs which .was offered to him. The Vic¬ 
+tim, bound about the Middle with a large Fillet, has al¬ 
+ready got the mortal Blow, and its Blood flows copioufly 
+into a Bafon. In fine, you fee by the Pricflefs, who per¬ 
+forms the Function of the Scarifier, a Cafe with fcveral 
+Knives. 
+
+
+Priafits, among the Romans, was the God of the Gar¬ 
+dens ; and there was none of them, whether Orchards or 
+mere Partcrrs, hut had one or moie of Ids Statues Frir- 
+jm was the fame with Bel} begt.r, that Idol of Iniquity 
+mentioned by St., j'ero/nt ; that his Vvorfhip had been 
+brought into Lfmpfucvs, a Town in sljut Miner > mention¬ 
+ed above, and from thence it pafled into Grace and Italy. 
+Ihi/nrt lias given a Print of one of the Statues of Fria -» 
+/us with this Jnfcription ; 
+
+
+Ihrfo) •ttm cttftodl 3 -b/pill , confn -vciio ri propag Ini s vi I dec nan , 
+
+i i 1 
+
+ip When did Frin/t:s live, and who were Contempo- 
+laries witli 1dm ? 
+
+
+. Ftiapus lived in the Year of the World z6.ji, be¬ 
+fore Cl; rill 1369 Yearn, to which add 1750 makes 5119 
+
+Year, 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of r the God's,G6ddefies, * '&c . *225 
+
+Years iince his Time. His Contemporaries were 'Deborah 
+and Bar'aky who ruled the I fra elites ; 'Amehepbtbcs, King of 
+Egypt} .Cbalaos , ' King-bf Babylon y Pand ion, King of 
+Athens ; Green, King, o { Thebes’; 'CynortaSy K.i'ng 'o£ Lace- 
+demon ; AlcAus, King of Argos s, Poly bin, Kingof Sfey on ; 
+Ebons, King of Corinth ; CTy-s^ King* of''Troy ; -Lycajluf, 
+Kingof Crytey ‘ Bacchus conquered'^^r/r ) Olbi'us, King 
+of Gaul.*} Larcin, or Laertes; ruled in Gersnahy. No Poet?, 
+no Hiilorians at this Time. 
+
+
+Who was Providence, and how came flie to be made 
+aGoddefs?.. 
+
+A. Though tHe Antients believed Providence to be an 
+Attribute cfche Gods, as may be proved by fevcral Me¬ 
+dals, upon; which we read P, ovldentfa Deo'ruw, it appears, 
+iiowcver, that they had made a particular Divinity there¬ 
+of, whom they commonly represented under the Figure 
+of a Woman leaning upon a Pillar, holding in her Left- 
+hand' the Cornuctyfn, and in the Right a Barton, which 
+ftte points to a Globe, at once to ftiew, that all Goods are 
+derived from, her, and that Ihc extends her Care over the 
+whole Univerfe : Sometimes fhe has other Symbols, but 
+this Manner of reprefenting her was the molt common. 
+
+
+How was Sanies made a Gorldcfs ? 
+
+A. Edjfics, Ref., aGoddefs, as her Name denotes, was 
+invoked for obtaining Repofe and Tranquillity : She had 
+a Temple without the Collin t-gate, and another, accord¬ 
+ing to Titus Lfvius, Book iv. in the Labicanfrut. 
+
+
+EK Who was Rndamantbus, and how came he to be 
+made a God ? 
+
+A. Rad/ mentions was the Son of f upi ter and Eurcpn : 
+As to the poetical Hell, the Gruks have'borrowed their 
+Conceptions thereof from the Egyptians, and that in ap¬ 
+point ug Judges there, after the Example of that aniicnc 
+People, they had Tingled out thofe from' among their 
+great Men, who had lived with the moll uublemithed .In¬ 
+tegrity ; of which Number they h d found none who 
+better deferved that Honour than yl 7 //.•'/«, E.:cus and Rud<:- 
+
+. ’They afterwards divided their Funciioiv. ; E.i'n:, 
+..fenvding to Plate, judged the V.u* ■/-. a-n - ll u i.(M, ;:tln , 
+\. ho had left Crcti , find fixed his Ref deuce in g//.., hid 
+
+
+l- S 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+
+7h 6\ HijTvfy pf?dhk GoSs^r GQ'ddefles, 
+
+
+the . /JJmtics fbr hk Lot, WiQCg. ; whom, .were [ alfb com- 
+p rchend ecL :th cl Africans^ and. :4s chief Rrefrdent of 
+
+the;.infernal Court/idecided•„the. Differences that arofe 
+between the tw o Judges. ABr.Sfcp Ffoets are [agreed in this 
+Superiority overJhis £oItegJta8><l Hotoer, Qdyfjf. i ii,..jeptfc- 
+
+
+
+Ahd Virgil adds, that he holds: in: his Hhnd, an&fIhakes'' 
+thetfatal Urn wherein are contained the Lots of all Mortals: * 
+
+
+
+
+£hiezfiior .Minos Urriam movet. 
+
+AVhile the ftem Radammthus xitfartarus fees tP 
+cution of the' Sentences .which his Brother pronofcpfefc&ij 
+
+
+
+• \£?ju£ quifque apudfuperos furto lestates znaht'y 
+Djftulit in feram commtflja piacula mortem . 
+
+TEnead- vL 
+
+Thus* firittly. fpeaking, R'adanumttius is there pnly a fet¬ 
+al tern Judge, and as n were Minos's Litutenarft CMntitial: 
+He prepares the Trials, examines and confront th$35Qt- 
+nelfe 3 , extorts from the Guilty, by'putting them tQ ;the 
+Rack, a Confeflion of their mod fecret Faults ; and* After 
+his Brother has paffed upon them the final Sentence, he 
+puts it in. Execution. 
+
+As to the Contemporaries of ’Radamcuithu$ > fee thofe of 
+
+Ehc'us'- and. iMinos. ' - . • •' 
+
+
+# ♦ - m 
+
+
+• * 
+
+
+^ W 
+
+
+t * 
+
+* / 
+
+
+■Q, Who was. Rhea,. and how camejjhe, to bermade a 
+ddefs ?= • - - f .. ; u 1; ’ . ■ 
+
+y/, PJjoc, was: the Daughter of Cains andTerra, who 
+with her brought forth Oc earns, the Ocean, and with 
+him Cans, Creins,. Hyperion, Japelus , Rhea, Tbtmis, Mne- 
+
+.7 o/y re, jfbaebe, Vcthys and Saturn. .. . : 
+
+^^«5f'havingunitod Witte Saturn, had by him illuflrious 
+ChflcirenV Vejta, Ceresi Junn, Pluto^Neptunl add Jupiter, 
+the Father-bf the Gods ahd Men. 4 Rhea was the Name of 
+the k Earth,and,as I have fa id ,the Wife of Cbrohus or Saturn, 
+a younger Goddefs by Generation than Pitasc, though 
+frequently confounded with Diana, Ceres and Proferpire ; 
+with this Diftinftion however, that Diana was taken for 
+the upper Heihifphcre of the Earth, and Profcrpine , as 
+
+alfo 
+
+
+
+♦ 
+
+loty vp'th f Gods, Goddefles, 22 y 
+
+CxQd. TcHuTrtcr, who'was reckoned the fame with 
+yit yfie lotverHemifoberc'; 1 stHy 'Opr and. ’Trllus, 
+0^, Cvbrh* tne-Great Mother, 'were alfa 
+
+
+other Ndme&^ventttthteEariK: * y-l: 
+
+Vtf&o, BdOk£oF'/&r Gltyvaf. 
+
+cdtintv f6f ebcplakis-tbe tMy*> ■ 
+
+ft ery -Of tlfthtd l **WTKftv ^ belief' fays Be, tbac (Pslfo'n is 
+“ the fhmewitfrtft^ Goddefs O///, ab ’opera, becaufe fheris! 1 
+“ im{#t«fed r by Labour ; the 'Great Mother, bechufelhe 
+t( produces Aliments; Projerpine, becaufe the Corns 
+
+
+fpringc 
+
+with'H 
+
+
+they 
+
+
+“ ttfs r Onie* antLhot withoutFotmdation.W 
+
+“ She - i& alfa called, fays the. fame. Author, the. Mother 
+“ of the Gods-: The Drum, which is, given.he/y figures 
+u the Globe of the 1 Earth ; die Turrets, which the Wears 
+“ upon her Head, reprefcnt her Cities ; die Seals; With 
+“ which flie is furroUnded, denote that {he alone, while 
+“ all Things are in Motion about her, remains fixed and 
+“ kmhoveablc. The Eunuch Pi-lefts'who ferve her poinr 
+u our,* that no more’is needful-for obtaining Grains and 
+-Steeds; but to cultivate the Earth, becaufe ail is to be 
+'found in her Womb. THeir t offing and tumbling one 
+‘♦ another before her, is to fhew thefe • who cultivate the 
+“ Eartharenot to be idle, fince they have always fomc- 
+“ thing to do. The Sound of Cymbals denotes the_Noife 
+tc that the Utetillls of Agriculture make; and they are of 
+“ Brafs, becaufe thefe Utenfils of old were made of that 
+“ Metal, before Iron was foundout. The Lion unchain- 
+“ ed and tame reprefents> that there is ho Groundfo wild 
+“ and barren, but may be fubdued and cultivated. For 
+her Contemporaries, fee Juno, Jupiter, Pluto and Neptune. 
+
+
+Si>. How came Rifus to be made a God ? 
+
+A. Plata cb , in his Lyrargus, informs Os,that Lycurgxn 
+put Rifus ,• Laughter, into theNtfmbertjf theGods. Pau- 
+funi as \ calls him T«W •©«?*,• and, fays, that fome Peo¬ 
+ple in- -tfbeJJ'aly celebrated KiS Ecftival with Gaiety per¬ 
+fectly faitabie ro'this Gbch i* •» 1. . . • 
+
+/ - # ‘ , - - • ’ * 1 * • # - 1 * • 
+
+* * - 
+
+How Was RiJi atlas made a God ? 
+
+A. The God Ridi cuius derived his Original from a 
+Panic Fear, with which Hannibal was ftruck_ when he 
+
+L 6 ~ was 
+
+
+
+22 8 
+
+
+y -ofitbe’-Gods^ Godefefles/- &A 
+
+\ 
+
+' to -befiege Remtj a Terror witki>!whicbi* 
+lods. Protestors - of Rarnf h ad finOteyhim:; 
+-tjie Memory of this Event, jwhickuchliged 
+^"General to ieturni baclc^they, ordered, ia 
+God Ridta&L ' Without the Bapta patcn&i,. 
+
+
+374 
+
+
+
+
+^. -How came the City ofjRom* toh^made a^Qt- 
+
+The City o (.Rome fhared alfpjdivine-Honours^*,aad 
+fbe-'Was pile of the greatefl: Hainan Divinities.^ andi.though 
+this was not the only City which receiveddiviue-Honours, 
+iince Medals .rhake us acquainted witfi ffcYerai-fb^ieis, 
+\vhofe Deification is hot to be doubtedof; yet theiWqjcfiiip. 
+of .none was either.-fo much cclebrated> or;{&pxtenfjse : 
+For to her were Temples erc&ed ih fever.aij£lacesjbf- 
+the Empire,- efpecially in N:cAa,t in- Efbc/ds/r^aiilfrAa, 
+and feyeral-other Cities. But the Romaxi efpecialiy Signa¬ 
+lized tHemfelvcs in the Worfhip they.paid this Gbddefs, 
+who owed to them her Original. - Temples,-facrifices,. 
+xtnnual Festivals, were all employed, to do her; honour. 
+She was become the moil common Figure on Medals* 
+v/here we fee her often crowned with-Turrets*;holding 
+in her Hand a Yi&ory. In other refpe&s fhe was draw* 
+fo like to Miners* , that fhercan only^be .difiingui£hed 
+from her by fome particular Symbols. . A fine Roman 
+Statue represents her as a big Woman fitting upon a Rock» 
+having Trophies of Arms at her Feet, and -her Head 
+covered with an Helmet. When fhe has-by: her a Sheep 
+and a Goat, fhe figures the Peace and Tranquillity enjoyed 
+by the Nations which fhe- has conauerecL..;:WJienj£te 
+
+
+accompanied, as fhe is in a Figure publifhedi byrM. de la 
+Cbi ujjy with an old Shepherd, and with, the Wolf which, 
+fuck led Romulus and Rtinus, it is obvious that, ithiff’ de-» 
+notes her Original, and the Shepherd Faujiulus y who took 
+care of thofe two young Princes. Laflly,. other Monn* 
+meets exhibit to us triumphant, crowned.by Vic¬ 
+tory, with fome other. Symbols.; for which I refer to 
+the Antiquarians. » ... ... 
+
+
+
+
+4 - 
+
+
+t . 
+
+
+. -'i 
+
+
+yfl- 
+
+
+
+
+Z^’How came Sarov- to be’madeaGod^?;. i.:i; ; r 
+A. Sarctt was: looked upon as the particular God-of the 
+Sailers, and xheGretfo, for that Reafoir, gave him & Name 
+from an Arm of the Sea which is near Corinth^ orTrom the 
+
+G ulf. Tliis is what Arijiida gives us to under¬ 
+hand. 
+
+
+b\. /:c nit 
+
+
+
+<c 
+
+
+<c 
+
+
+iC 
+
+
+i€- 
+« 
+<< 
+
+
+Hilary, of.'thg: Gadsy ~\ 2Ztg: 
+
+ft and, 'when: he fays, - ‘ c .For.vthey4o^BQt alwaykxlwell iir .• 
+
+‘ c theSeaJlikk GJducus, .Aotbcdon?i*v&Sttro*$\i'\lt,\ziaxt*i~ 
+
+ther probabIe, thatthi&^/?rwzi3 thefaxne whonx Pavfaniut ±' 
+in hia -Cariutb ^ ffpeaks,©finand.vehor.waaKing©fi Goriatfc * 
+“ Akbtpui, v fay St he; fucceeded Serene Xhfi>-h£fiecy as ^ we t 
+“ are told, built a Temple to Diana Jarcnis, in a Place * 
+“ whereotbe Waters- ofi jther §ea forixv a Morafa j/.-acdord- 
+iuglyb^(thejrjrialLJt the !Pkthedn Mcttrajs. vThis/Biince . 
+was pafEanately fond of Hunting ^.OpeDay* .a&he;wa$r.. 
+in chafeof. a Stag, hepurfued it to the Sea-cpaft, and y the 
+“ Stag- having thrown himfelf in.-to fwim, he plunged jji 
+M after- and, in the.Keerinefs of his Purfiiit,' ,w^s 
+
+“ carried'infenfibly on till he .found; himfelf in the < deep 
+Sea*, where; ^hia Strength being pxhduftedy he, unabje ; 
+to ftrugglplonger with the Wayes^:was-drowned.. Hiaii 
+Body ftas brought, ta the facked Grbyte 6frDfaJta, jietyr . 
+€t the iVforafs*, and: buried in- the'Court of the Teinple;: 
+“ This Adventure was the Qaufe of changing the Name 
+
+“ of the Morals, which is how called the Saronic Mo^afe/’ 
+
+* ... 
+
+* • • • • i «. 
+
+. * # 
+
+- • * - ' .* . . . •’*#»*' t j 
+
+. Who was Saturn, and how came he to be made^a 
+God.? 1 - .• ' f - ■ 1'V ■■ • VI 
+
+A.. According: to the Atlantidcs, Tit<ea had by her » 
+band Uranus eighteen -Sons* who* . from the: Name, ipf 
+their Mother, were called Titans: According to the Tra¬ 
+dition. of the Cretans, -this Family confined only affix: Sons 
+and five. Daughters ; and, to ‘ fhew that ithe fame Perfions. 
+are meant in both i Traditions,. .icKe: Cretans gave > thofe. 
+C hildr enfihk /fame E atheir and Mo ther;; namely*; Coeius ,and 
+
+Terre ,i that ih&>£ft reams ■&n&. 'Tst*sa+.\\ The.rfuc> Sons. were. 
+
+# % ^ \ • 
+
+Saturn £ Hyperion y 1 Caiii^Qidpctar, -Crius. zna^Oceanus jyand 
+the Eve Daughters; Rf:ca, i Themis, Mnemcfyncj Phoebe, and* 
+
+- Tit by s. Ait of them blefied Mankind with? ifome ufeful 
+Difcovery, which wrought upon-their.Gradtude. and won 
+from them an eternal Recompencc- i. ' -.r 
+. SaturnDiodorus. 'Sicuhis/i ; Book liio tellsirua*. i This 
+“ Prince, when he came to the Crown,*(propagated Ins 
+Fame and Renown to different Places of the Earth, by 
+
+, whaled hi fayage 
+
+tc Life before! *;H©re(HbIifkediJufHce>idnd Equity every 
+where*; andthe Men who livedtunder his Empire were 
+reckoned humane* • and of.ar beneficent Difpofition,, and 
+by confequence extremely happy. - He reigned chiefly 
+
+in 
+
+
+
+
+<1 
+
+
+CC 
+
+
+tc 
+
+
+it 
+
+
+
+‘Sri 1 
+
+
+
+2 jo Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefies, 
+
+in thC- Weftem Countries, where his Memory is fHllin 
+Veneration. Accordingly, the Ramans, the 'Carthaginians, 
+while their City ftoody'and- all 1 the people of tHoie Pro¬ 
+vinces inflatoted - FeiHvals' and Sacrifices in honour of 
+him* and federal Places ‘we^*6hfec*ate& to hiiri by 1 
+very Names, The' Wi fcfonr-'of his GoVemWentr'' 
+fome fort banifhedVice; and • gave • Mert' afTafffc*' 
+Empire of Innocence, Peace and' Felicity. 'TheFoei 1 ' 
+Hejtcd' gives a happy Defcription of it to this Effect:* • ' 
+
+<c Thefe were the Subje&s of old Saturn's Reign,, 
+
+Like Gods they liv’d, vvith Bofoms void of C$r£.» {r . 
+“ Tq Toil and Pain ellrajig’d. Cold Age nglpVjflfcqfeo 
+“ Their vigorous Limbs j but in eternal-Feaff ■Mkhw' 
+- They pars’d the joyous Time.: T3wn^/uB^^fc 
+tc As if* o’ercome by gentle Sleep, they dy’d. (L .... j» : 
+« In Life each God was dieirs ; the fruitful E^rt&» r 
+
+
+:r. 
+
+
+cc Spontaneous, pour’d perpetual Harveft jound^ 
+
+<c Which, in glad Eafe, they quietly enjoyed,.. ^.. ;u .. 
+
+* ( And, when defeending to the Grave, in Dud 
+€t They fhrouded lay,, , their Souls, by Jams', s high 
+** Were guardian Genii made; in airy Forms,.. t 
+
+€( To wander Earth, and blefs the Kindled 7 ; i 
+
+Unfeen, oHfervin^ every Deed of Man. 
+
+** Of Wealth and Bills th r Awarders here below. 
+
+4 m 9 * 
+
+All the - Latin Authors are unanimously agreed, that 
+Satwn reigned in Italy after Janus, tvho had- received 
+him into his Dominions, upon his> being dethroned by 
+Jupiter. He governed this new State* : With £r ft>* 
+
+Juftice and Equity, that hemade himfelftoibfe adbnJti by 
+his. Subje&s, and hence the* Period wherein ; he* 1 feigrteu 
+came to be accounted the Age. The Trertlid*? 1 ; that 
+
+Prince, putting all ids Subjects upon a Level, left no 
+Room* foe one to- be in Servitude* to-another ** rid^bedy 
+poifeffed any perfonal- Property ; alLThittgS'W^i 1 cdfti- 
+mon, as if the World had; beeft but'one Patrim^y; It 
+is on: this Article^ chatO^WVT&tent of -verfi^yin^i^cti- 
+liarly fliincs. .ro^!qm:i-rncO r 
+
+To. keep up the:-Memory oft that happy Period ; of 
+Time, - during", the^ Fefbvah of ‘ th 7 that Ji 
+celebrated ■ in honour of hhrr in the?-Month of Diet inker, 
+the Servants fat at the Table with their Matters 1 ; 1 or, ac¬ 
+cording to other Authors, they were fervted by- the Matters 
+
+them- 
+
+
+
+
+HUt-ery of’jhe Gods, Goddeffes,, (£c. ; 231 
+
+themfelves, TheMountain* afterwards called xhz Capjtolin? 
+Mount, m old Times went under the Name of thfih&p- 
+i urn in* Mount; and,, if we believe DimtfivsMalicarrtiaJfu^ 
+and Juflin, all Italy, was named : Satumia^^ Pro of, of 
+Antiquity; that may: be better -relfed^poni, thsrn evep. the: 
+Tefldmonies .of.Author^ ,i who*. contemporary 
+
+to the* Fa&s;; have-not To much Authorise as the Name* 
+that weregiven i^tho very Time. ; 
+
+Cicero, ixvhisBooks.on the ‘NatureoftheGods,’ where 
+he brings in two Philofophers fpeaking. on this Subject, 
+feems to have cohltdered' ^rwrw’s'Hiftorjronly in. a pbyfi^ 
+cal Light; when'one of his Speakers fays, he was. that 
+God who goverixed thtrCourfe • of thef Times and Seafons, 
+agreeable ta^h^hi^NajTt^ftgnifiesm-Gr^ .* For Gro¬ 
+ff^, which i$ L fche‘G*W£ Name of' j Saturn , ~ if : you give it 
+the Afpiratidny is the fame vtitixCbronos, Tihte. Thus^ ac¬ 
+cording to Cicero, when it was feid, Saturn* devoured his 
+
+Children;’!* was a plarn Allegory taken front Tiine, which 
+
+devours and confumes all Things : Tempos edax return, as 
+Horace has : it. Iri like manner the Name of Saturn, 
+which the Latins gave him, lignified, according to that 
+Author, one'Axho is fuH of Tears : Quod fatkmtur annis . 
+Ocher Philofdphers confidered only the Planet that bears 
+the Name of Saturn, which is the greateft and higheft of 
+all. And from that Planet the fame Philosophers drew 
+alfo feveral Allegories f thus, according to them, what 
+the Poete fay of the Prifon of Saturn , where he is chained 
+up by Jupiter, fignifies merely, that the malignant In- 
+fluencesemitted from-the Planet Saturn •• were carre&ed by 
+the mihfer Jhflneace3r that proceeded from. Jupiter. In 
+like manner they believed that Satum,Z3 a Planet, being 
+cold and dry, over-ruled Perfons of a melancholy fple- 
+natic Difpofition. As to the Seafons of the Year, the 
+fame Planet prefided over Autumn ; and in the Week 
+over the feventh Day. The Platonics, according to 
+Lucian on Jftrbiogy^ fancied that Saturn, as being neareft 
+Heaven* ;I thatis to fay* the moft diftantfrom us, prefided 
+over Contemplation. 
+
+Gc rat’d' Vojjtus, in.: his.firft Book /of Idols, juftly diftin- 
+guilhes feveral Satufnsn • Itla even thought, as we find in 
+the Book of equivocal Names, which lome learned Men 
+aferibe to Xenophon, that in the earlieft Times moft Kings 
+took this Name, but not vouched for a-Fad ; which is no 
+
+where 
+
+
+
+232 ‘ Hiji'ory 'of- //5<f'Gods^Goddfe^s,^£r?^- 
+
+where to be found but in that Worki wltofe* Author* is un¬ 
+certain.*': The. mod aiidcnt Sa fur?', accoiiEngp t*> Vcifltusi : 
+5s Adam hinifelf y- the fecohd is Noah ; the third is he 
+$atic7}aniatbo7rfyczk.3 of, v tmder die name //,- • winch 
+
+takes to be only a OontrafHon of theNamfe IJr^ul^t 
+Jacob . * The fourth Tt&M&ibcb of'the Syrian* and K e-agiw / 
+appean : to 1 be' Abrubark , from the - Affinity bctweenthe * 
+one and the other. The. fifth hr the dfitatr Frihceiw$p; 
+reigned in Mv, whom fome have feenconfbimdedwfth 
+Janus, whofe Hiftory I have given you in die letter. AJ 
+We are to obferve, diat the Worihip of .Saturn was neither> 
+fo falemn nc 
+it would fe 
+made him 1 
+
+would; otherwife have’had over the reft fc»f diePGbdS*?’ 
+
+Rhea his Wife, for the zeal o ris Concern 
+to fave her Children'from the Cruelty* of her Hufbaiid>> 
+preferved hers, and was worfhipped over all die Paganj 
+world, as the Great Mother of the Gods. ; . * : 
+
+. jjJ.: Who were ’ Contemporaries with Saturn ? And’ 
+
+when did he live ? / - * . *.’ *: J * v 
+
+A. - Satr.rn lived in the Year of the World Srdon , befbyct 
+
+
+
+
+
+Chrift 1507" Years, to which add 175a 
+Yeare fince his Time. ’ His Contemporaries Were 
+the Ruler and Law-giver of the Jews; Pbaraofc,, King-bF 
+Egypt ; Mitbraes. King of Babylon ; Ericbthvhius,' Krng 
+o i‘Athens'% MyUs 9 King G^ LaccdcmoTri Corax/, Kingofl 
+
+
+
+
+v 
+
+
+^ Who were the Satyrs, and How came they* 
+worftiippcd ? 1 ' ■ 
+
+' A. Among the rural Deities, th v Safyrr, 'F^unr, -Asjjg- 
+f ar.s, :&c. were fo many Gods, * .01* rather Denli- 
+whom' the Pjrgdns imagined to * dwell *q die TpreRs'b? * 
+Mountains," and 'whom they ’reprelentefFMas littleTOen^; 
+
+
+
+a iaii dangling oemn a. -mey were 
+either Par.s;'OT~A£gTpanr, or Satyrs, or Sileni- witb^this' 
+foie Difference, that the Silent were Satyr s' advanced In 
+Years, if we may credit PauJartias in his At tics , and Scr* 
+
+
+VtttS 
+
+
+
+
+
+•ntvi, on^h&;£bcth,£/;^V ;p £ Jfirgjf *- -The Poet Nojtnus, in 
+the. fourteenth,. pf T his T>tQnybie*,. fays, the Satyrs^we re the 
+Off- rpriug, ■ -of. McrcuJji and. ihe Nymph • Yptbine. ; and ; 
+A levins. 'i .in P^orrwi.a^erts, that aiey derived;their Original 
+
+r . _ ri *7 J. ul * j ‘ ir«* ‘ ' '* t\' ' t 
+
+
+
+the, Water, of a-JKoimfp.in - where &e usually drank 3 bit ‘ 
+
+siftiii:-:;; ■.•;«' ‘ . "vr 
+
+_ ^ ^ «-4 »* L ^ % 0 + ^ m % r * 
+
+Some. Authors hav.e taken the Satyrs for real Men 5 and 
+St. jfcTOKir too was of this Opinion.. Albertis,j Magnus, and 
+PAjw of Miranda]#,, who followed him, fppke of two*- 
+Kinds of Nleu^Satyrsy and Net-Satyrs ; But it is more • 
+prqbablci the-< Introdu£tion of Satyrs into the -pogtfcaT 
+Wqrld3w^s,,owing;to~-large»Monkeys having beenTeen' 
+fometimesin the Wooda, pretty much, refembling Mew z pf 
+
+perhaps-. to-.the Appearance of Barbarians, refembling; 
+Monkeys at a. Diibmce. This is the Opinion of Plbiy inhia' 
+HjJiory, Book IX. ch. 59. who takes the Satyrs , as wc do/ 
+for a kind of Monkeys 3 and. this Author-afterts, that it*; 
+a Mountain o£ rthe. Indies areto-.be foiifid four-footed Sjz~ 
+tyrs , whom you would take at a Diftance for Men. Thefe 
+
+r_ Mb- *■ _ . M • «a - - -- a • • a ^ 
+
+
+
+fitly What gave rife to-To many Fables about .their amo¬ 
+rous Complexions If we add to this, that Shepherds co - 
+veredrwith Goats-ikins, or fome Priefts of Bacchus, Ire-, 
+quently counterfeited Satyrs to-feduce- the innocent Shep^' 
+herdefles,. _I reckon wc fhall have the - true Key. of this/. 
+Fable. . r JEfeace-tlie.Gpinion.fpread,^ that the Woods were' 
+full of tbefc mifchievousi Divinities: The Shephe^lefles 
+trembled far™ thciriHanoinvand-the' Shepherds for their 1 
+Flocks ; for which Reafon they fought* to appeale them 
+by Sacrifices^.-and by the Offerings of. the Firit-fruits, or 
+of the Firfthngs of the Flocks : Some Songs were.com-' 
+pofed which the Shepherds fang in the. Foreils, when they- 
+
+endeavoured by invoking them; to.recommend themfelves 1 
+
+- ----- ' t —•— — 
+
+The’ 
+
+- ^ 4 A. . •*. A • . N B • - . . 
+
+Painters, too 
+
+
+
+
+
+paini _ 
+
+of. the rural X>iri nitiesfufch was the-XJtourTd of their 
+Worfhip/, and -of the Sacrifices that- were offered to 
+them, . ... ... ....^ -• . • * 
+
+I know 
+
+
+
+
+2$4 Hljlory of fb'e Gods*/ r (SGddeiIes, 
+
+I know' what may be urged againlt me from that Satyr 
+which palled the J&bhoiif (a fmali r River which formerly- 
+parted France and Italy) in prefence of Catfar and his 
+whole Army ; it was nothing but a Stratagem of that fa- 
+mous f Gfcnerah ■ Grf?yk>y frying the ScrupIes^wKich His Sol- 
+
+i 1 . /• .1 4 t\» . t tv % r i n. . * ' to' T ■ 
+
+
+
+to^pafs itfoo.• *- ' ' • - • 
+
+Sbouter *a Voyage to thoEa/l*Indies, Vol. II: tells us*, 
+that-in the Bland of Ceylon are to be found Satyrs, or S>a 7 
+wanes, whom the Ir.di.itts call Orangs, that-fr, wild IVfCh.J 
+
+mi i “to n* ♦ t .to t Vv.v.‘ 
+
+
+
+A " / " ' • • n , 
+
+to take them 19 with Gins* and they tamefo- well, tfst&pe 
+taught to walk upon their Feet, or rather upon their;hind 
+Legs. Thefe Satyrs, adds the Author, are Very fervli¬ 
+able to their Mailers; they wafli die Glares, filF their 
+Liquor, turn the Spit, and fweep the Houfe. ' ‘’ - 1 ' 
+
+
+4 ^ 
+
+
+Q Who was Seraf is, and how came he to 'berir&de 1 a 
+
+^jOd ? - • - * '• *'*' v‘. -J-l *• , 
+
+, A< The Learned are much divided' with refpe&{fcb,*• Serb- \ 
+pis or Sarapis, for his Name is written ciiherWafy^-fdrhe 
+take him for a foreigtf God, whole WdrMb' was^ riot 
+known in Egypt till .the Time of Ptolemy’ the Son of > La « 
+gus ; others, among- whom is M* Ctepcr, in* \iWHitrpatic- 
+Us, p. 83. will haVC’it, that he ’ had “been kho wh-’ahd 
+worihipped therefrom the eariieft Heriads^of Time'-^.tftat ‘ 
+'Egyptians looked uponhimr ast one ofr theft' 
+
+Gods, and that he Waa the fame witfrO^/rr 1 Whited- 
+citus , Booki iv. chi 83; relates,-ought 1 bhdrety ftr‘decide 
+the Queftion; SerhpitpSvy* thatHiftorian, appeased W 
+a. Dream to ptolemy^ nnder the- Figure of'a- young Wan 
+exquifitely beautiful, and' ordered hnn to • fehdWo* of H’s 
+njolb faichfol Friends t&'Siftope, a’ City of PtiM's, whbre 
+b& was worshipped* ' to./bring hi S' Statue ^frtfin f theiiPe. 
+
+Ptolemy , having 1 communicated t&S’Vif&n^‘deputed* 
+le<Sr Embalfy'ta^a^s/ add from thence f the^St^tue ; bf 
+that’God brought.' Paufnnias in hia' Attics relates, that 
+the Alexandrians received from Ptolemy the Worfliip of 
+Serapzsz and he fays at the fame timer, that there was already. 
+
+at 
+
+
+Hijloryvf, thc.Godi ,, .G6Mefles>,<£$?.\ 235 
+
+• # 
+
+at Alexandria a very magnificent Temple of than God $ 
+and another no tfo, grand*, but o£ very>gieatAnti<luiryr 
+in the City of Memphis. . , 
+
+
+U 
+
+
+
+
+» » 
+
+
+a 
+
+u 
+
+
+^ Who .were, the. Sibyls? and how came, they, to hertvor* 
+
+^ 1 'j *'* "1.0 h'f.V? -• - V v • i-S "V . 
+
+if.! Tfhe Ai}tipnts.gaverthe < Name $ihyk to • a. certain 
+_ {u qrbero fy cnjjig^Voroeh r whomthey believed to be endued 
+with the Gift of Prophecy. Loftantius is he whole Opi¬ 
+nion is generally ' followed } this, learned Author fays, 
+it fignifies tb< Gcntnfdof'.God.-. As to their Number,, the 
+Opinioni generally received is that of Varro, . recited, by 
+Latfantius^; as. follows.,; Varn>w in the,Books he com* 
+
+“ , poled ^diyinecThings, ..dedicated by.bim, to CO Aar 
+the Hngh-pried^ when he f comes -1 to the .Article & the' 
+
+:Sibylline' ■ Books, f - fays,, that.- thefe Books/ were, not-Jthe 
+ft Work of oncfjZ6v4 btit of ten, , for there were fo many 
+
+“ of them in, ail. "Then he names them, one after ano* 
+
+# * 
+
+t( . ther* .with the Authors whohad fpoke :of them before 
+u him. The .fird, fays he^- and themoft antienCGne* 
+
+{t was a Peijian by Birth, as we learn from Nicanor? the 
+t( fame.whp,hadrwa«to?>th^JEliftory of Alexander, of Mat;e~ 
+
+** dan . The fecond was born in Lybia, and of her Kind- 
+i( .jff^j^nalcpsi mention, Ahvther@cpk>giie j of his Tragedy, 
+
+“ ipcitlei iuunva *. The -third-.was of Delpbos, as-we 
+“Jteara from 'the Book/ of Divination composed by. Chry - 
+
+“ Jfypus, , The fourth had .hcr Sixth among-. the Omvurd^ 
+u ans/inltaiy ; ri Navius {ip£Qk& okheiv in .hi&Hidony of the 
+
+“ p.ubic, ^4 Pi fa L ig F his Annals.: Tha hfth was o£ 
+
+^co^dingi t&,.AfrllaMtiJ>yWhs*, was-qfii th© 
+f 4| fajm^Cofan^i ptopfeflf edvttij thewho-.wesjo 
+
+u g°^2 s lP befieg©^*^, th^chappy./Suctcfk: of their Bn-. 
+‘‘ terpp^, ^rndjat.the.ifame uu\&^xh%t:H6rwr ibould one 
+" Day .writp' a^greaTi deah of Ju&ions upon that Subject; 
+Tfie Vpdh was of, Samos, and her Hiftory. was u to be 
+found^m.ithe-mod .antieat Anaala of,the SaTmans *, aswe 
+: learn t Thefeventfe*. bo m \ at £uma+ 
+
+\ ; a^djuog to-fpu^- Author^> 
+
+’ an.4, acc ! o^4mg t tp,otheTS > } J^rnttplnl^mBitr^h^^^ 
+fhe, who e Xfr> c Xavquin ithe Elder ca Collfifidon of. 
+
+Sibylline', Veriest in-nine Books. The eighth was the 
+Heb or pontine 4 • bom. st’Matfefujt, nearthe-Xawn aEGer* 
+u gi±> \n-Troas,: Herat lute* ofPantusr faid, fhe liredinthe 
+
+“ Time 
+
+
+ii 
+
+u 
+
+
+U 
+
+u 
+
+u 
+
+l 
+
+€4 
+
+U 
+
+4 
+
+U 
+
++ 
+
+44 
+
+€4 
+
+
+
+zj6 Hijiory of the-Godi^Go ddelies, -csV;"' 
+
+
+** Time-of Cyrus and So ion. , -. The ninth, likewife a f.kiy* 
+* c gitin . by Birth, .gave-her Oracles at Ancyra,- the Place 
+of her Refidence. The tenth, in fine, named AJbn• 
+“ n^tr, was of Ttbur or Tivoli, and were honoured as a 
+-Divinity in. the.Neighbourhood of the River AuicF 
+j£\ Plow were the Sibylline Verfes collected ? . ; 
+
+. A. As tex the,Manner, how the CollcCtibn.df the Sibyl* 
+line Verfes were made, it is not known. ? It is not.likely 
+that.they propheiied.in Yerfe, far lefs-that they <themfelv.es. 
+kept their Predictions, and digefted them into Order. L'e- 
+fides, they lived in different-periods of Time, andin.Coun- 
+tries remote the one from the other. How.,came,the 
+World by a Collection of the Predictions -put. in iUxenur 
+te.rs S* In what Age did it appear? Who was its : Anthoy i 
+Thefts are PaCls which Antiquity has not tranfimitted 
+down to us. All that we know is, that a Woman.came 
+to Far quin the Proud, offering him a Collection of thefe 
+Verfes, in nine Books, and that fhe demanded for them 
+tlircc hundred PieccsofGold ; that,v/hen thePrincqwould 
+not give that Sum, fhe threw three of them into the Fire,- 
+and infifted on the fame Sum for the remaining fix.; which 
+being refufed her, fhe burnt three more of them, .anditili 
+perfiftedin afking the three hundred Pieces for thofe that 
+were left; at length, the King fearing that fhe would 
+burn the other three, gave her the Sum fhe demanded. 
+
+The Romans carefully kept this Collection from die 
+Time of Tnr quin to the Burning of the Capitol, when it 
+was confumcd with that Edifice. They, to repair this 
+Lofs, fent, as Fa dim, Annals, Book vi. ch. iz. has it, into 
+different Places, to Snines, to Troy, into, s-jric,- Sicily, 
+and among the Collonies fettled in Italy, to collect all 
+the Sd\lin.c Verfes that could be.found ; and die Depu¬ 
+ties brought back a great Quantity of them. As no doubt 
+there were many of them dubious y Prieib were commilhon- 
+cd to make a judicious Choice of them. 
+
+There w:\t a College of fifteen Pcrfons founded to be 
+the Guardian:: of this Collection, whom they called Fj/i>t- 
+
+
+dcccuivivi of the Sibyls, .to them this Depofition was com¬ 
+mitted ; by, them it was to be confulted, and fo great 
+was the Faith that was put in the Predictions it contained, 
+that, whenever they were to enter upon a War, when 
+Plague and Famine, or any epidemical Calamity infcllcd 
+either City or Country, hither they were lure to have Rc- 
+
+courfe. 
+
+
+
+Hifi’ory •«/ 
+
+
+2-37 
+
+
+» ♦ 
+
+
+courfeA T f was 1 a kind of Handing' Oracle* as ! often'con¬ 
+futed by the 1 '•Rtptiianr, : aa that of JJc/pbos v/a.s 'by-the Gm'/’.? 
+and other Nations. ' ‘ - - : \ 
+
+We know not what was the Fate of this Colle&ipn of 
+SihylUrzv Verfes’; for as to chat which’ #e J tiave 'afpr’itent, 
+confining of eight Books, upon which has made 
+
+a learned Commentary, though it' may^pbftibry Contain 
+fome of thefan tie nf Predictions h yet all the'Critics -'look 
+upon it'as a'very dubious 'CompOfitionf 2nd" likely" to have 
+been the Prodtfft of the pious Fraud'of fome more 'zea¬ 
+lous'than judicious CbriJiiaijs , who thought 1 , by compofing 
+it, to (trengtlien the Authority of the Chrifiian Religion, 
+and enable its Defenders' to -combat Paganifm with more 
+Advantage, as'-if'Truth- flood in need *of;Forgery and 
+Lies, iri order to its triumphing over Error. What puts 
+the Matter quite out of Doubt is, that we find, in this in- 
+digefted Colle6Uon, Predictions relating to the Myfteries 
+of Chriftianity, -clearer' than they are 'in Ijbiab and the 
+orher Prophets. There the- very Name of'Jefus Cbnfi, 
+and that of the Virgin Alary, occur in every Page. It 
+fpeaks of 'the Myftery of f Redemption, of-our Saviour's 
+Miracle Si his'Paiiion, Death, and Refurre&ion-; the Crea¬ 
+tion of the World, the terrefirial Paradife, the Longevity 
+of the Patriarchs, and the Deluge. One of the Sibyls even 
+vaunts, that’ fhe had been in - the Ark with Norb. • There 
+mention is made of the Invention of Arts, 'and they who 
+are laid to Cjrccl iri them are the fame with thole whom 
+Mrf.-s names; with' a thoufand other Particularities which 
+are evidently drawn - from the facred Books : -Info much 
+that it is amazing to find Authors fo blindly prepoflefled 
+as to hold,' tluit whatever this • Collection contains wa3 
+coiupofcd by - the Sibyls. Would God have revealed’to 
+Payms the Myfteries of our Religion, in a clofer Manner 
+than he had done - to his own People by the Mouth of his 
+PioplieLJ ? 
+
+t ► 
+
+ip. Tell me fome of the Sib) Hint ■ Verfes and Predial ions 
+relating to the Myllcries of ChrilUunity. 
+
+.■!. 'fhe Pt • fit. n Sibyl, who calls hcrielf the Daughter 
+of Nor.b, fpcaks of the Deluge. 
+
+-u7 quulan atm sMti.'nfur 
+
+n haulm (tr/uis, cum vir /V/.*, /»; jl::s caubnunj.t 
+
+*• J L , 
+
+
+
+•&$$ Mtftory' of /#£*Gods, : ’ 
+
+
+
+
+
+Quid am-, quemper aquas vexif domus etictaJylvis , 
+
+£ * pec tides & aves , rurfum ira pleretur ut urbis, * 
+Js/kj nurtiSy ejus item de fanguine nata . 
+
+And. fhe adds in * another Place; 
+
+# « * 
+
+fextiflirps prima^. b Gandiamagna 1 
+Quod.for tit a Jin i poflquam difcrimina mortis , 
+Effugt , jadd at a meo cum conjuge mult urn * : &c. ; 
+
+But as this /$«£?/ is not very fure of what Ihe fays of her- 
+ielf, or rather as the Imp oiler, who puts Words'in her 
+Mouth, had forgot himfelf in this Place, fhe aflerts elfe- 
+where, that fhe met with the Adventures of Serf’s'Daugh¬ 
+ters ; and again in another Place fhe calls herfelf aOnn- 
+flian: ■ * • ’ V - J 
+
+
+1 1 : - 
+
+
+i •< i 
+
+
+• • 4 m * 
+
+Nos ighur Jandla Cbrifli deJlirpe crcati . 
+
+Coslejli , nonun rctinemus proxhnitatts. 
+
+As if there had really been Chriftians in the Days of Noah 
+and Lot. 
+
+She whom they call the Libyan fpeaks of the mira¬ 
+culous Birth of Jefus Chrift , and of his Miracles in thefe 
+
+'Terms: “ tU f., 
+
+/ • • * - 
+
+Virgo banc fandta dabit terris, grcmioque fevebit . 
+
+
+Ille quidem morbis prejfos fanabit , £ 5 * omnes 
+
+Firrnos re flit net Icefos* 5fC* 
+
+
+r < \ >• 
+
+Would you not think this was If at ah, or one of thejvan- 
+gelifts fpeaking ? She of Delphos is as plain upon our Sa¬ 
+viour’s Conception and Nativity: 
+
+Non tarde veniet , tacita fed mente tenenduni 
+Hoc opus ; hoc mernori femper qui corde reponet 
+Hujus portentant cor gaudia magna Prop beta: . 
+Eximii, qui Virginea conceptus ab alvo, • 
+Prodibit fine coniadia marts , &c. 
+
+Then, forgetting that fhe fpeaks in the Ohara £ler of a trne 
+Prophet, fhe refumes her Pagan flile, and mentions her 
+Gallantries with Apollo : 
+
+
+
+Hiftqry { sfitheGQfai- .Goddefl%6, &c. 2 39 
+
+^uodjuerim Phosbo grata, ferens preturn. - 
+
+The Cumean Sibyl f after having fpoke of the Incarna-f 
+tion, 
+
+% 
+
+« * 
+
+£ ccenito veniens mortales induit artusy 
+
+throws out ' at iaiidiim fevefal 1 Predictions/ which the 
+Romans did Her tTie Honour to believe tod a Relation to 
+their Empire: •• 
+
+Among the Predictions of die Erytbean Sibyl we find 
+Acroftic yerfes, the initial Letters of which form, thefe 
+Words J efus-Chrijlus, Dei-FUius , Salvator* Of her St, 
+Augufine fays* to tins Purpofe, in Book xxviii. of the City 
+f Qpd. *f Tto Erytbrean Sibyl has proplwfted of Jefus 
+“ Cbrift in a very perfpicuous Manner: I had feen a 
+“ Tranflation thereof, but it was a very falfe one; when 
+te Flavianus the Prccoriful, a verykttowing'Man, fhewed 
+“ me the original Greek , there was this'Prediction in 
+“ Acroitic Verfes, each of which began with one-of the 
+“ Letters which make up thefe Words, Iuc-Sc X£*ro$ QtS 
+
+viesf urn „ 
+
+The Sibyl of Samos* after having fpoken of God in an 
+equally fublime and orthodox Manner, fays. There is none 
+
+but he who is worthy to be adored. 
+
+• • $ 
+
+Principium y finem, media omnia novit: ab ip fo 
+Omnia funt: Jolus Deus eft y neque eft Deus alter. 
+
+
+Ilium igitur Jolum exiftentem colite opifiem mundi> 
+i§>ui foliis 'e facuhy : &' in faculum fuity eftquefuturus . 
+
+She of Cum* in Ionia, fpeaks of the ReforreCtion of 
+Jffus Cbrift, of the End of the World, and of the. general 
+Conflagration j then ihe foretels the ^Overthrow of Alex¬ 
+ander's Empire,, in whofe Riling the Power of ’ the Romans 
+was to be rofmed. 
+
+The Hillejpontme prbphefies of' an Age under Jefus 
+Chrift as happy as tho Golden Age, • fo much fung by the 
+Poets, and mentions the^Eclipfe that was to happen at 
+hk Death. 
+
+The 
+
+
+\ 
+
+
+
+
+*240 Hijtory of the Gods, Goddefies, 
+
+The Phrygian foretels the Annunciation, and the Birth 
+ofjfus Chrifi, miraculoufly conceived in the Womb of a 
+'Virgin; his Death, his PaiHoh, his Refurreftion; and, as 
+if ihe had copied the Evangelifts, die prophelies, that 
+he fhall Blew his Hands and his Feet to his A potties. 
+
+, • P’um Dominus linquct manes+ lucemque revifet , 
+
+, Prim a refurgendi lefiis ve/ligia monjlrans 
+
+Porro fids primum Dominus patifier y eritque 
+
+Corporeity ficut fuit ante , manufquey pedifque 
+
+OJlendety &c. 
+
+To the Predictions fo plain and clear Bie fubjoins 
+others about Idolaters, whom Ihe threatens with, the 
+Wrath of ,God, unlefs they, abandon theWorfhip of Idols. 
+She forefees the latt Judgment,;and Jcfus Ckrift- fcated 
+upon a Throne, coining to judge all Mankind. She 
+does not even omit the Signs that are to ufhcr in the laft 
+Day, nor the Trumpet which fhall be heard in the four 
+Corners of the World. 
+
+In line, Bie of Pibur or 'Tivoli fpcaks alfo of the Birth 
+of Jif us Chrifl at Bethlehem. 
+
+TK What kind of Worihip was paid to the Sibyls ? 
+
+A. The Pagans, efpeciallytlie Romans, had the higheft 
+poffible Veneration for the Oracles of the Sibyls* the Col¬ 
+lection whereof they preferved in the Capitol, under a 
+Guard of lixteen Priells, who confulted them upon impor¬ 
+tant Occalions, as I have already faid. We mull add 
+here, that their Veneration for the Sibyls themfelves was 
+no lefs than for their Oracles ; and if they did not always 
+look upon them to be Divinities, they at leaft reputed them 
+of a middle Nature between Gods and Men. Lattantius, 
+who had read the Work of Varro, in which he fpeaks of 
+the Sibyls, is pofitive; that the Piburtine was worlhipped 
+as a Goddefs at Pi bur. Pibur i cull am tit Dcam juxta tipis 
+ornnis Anievis, cujus in gurgite J,mulcuhram ejus invent am 
+ejfe (licit ur , te nens in manu lib rum. Book i. ch. 6. cf tht 
+falfe Religion. 
+
+Another Proof of the WorBiip paid to the Sibyls is, 
+' that there was Statues creCled to them, which were placed 
+in the Temples; thofe of‘which Gallecus has given us 
+Prints were even in the Church of Sienna , -where pro¬ 
+bably they had been left at its Confecration. Now, if 
+
+we 
+
+
+
+
+lliftory of the Gods, GoddefTes, 24 r 
+
+we would know what Honours were paid to Statues in 
+the Temples, Arnobitts will inform us: Cum per omnia 
+fupplices irent templa, cum Deoruvt ante ora prajlrati, Zimina 
+convenient of cults ; Book i. againjl the Gentiles: 7 ’hey 
+
+projirated tbesnfelves before the Statues of the Gods , and 
+kijfed the very Ground . We may add further, that they 
+would not touch the Book containing their Oracles, un- 
+lefs their Hands were covered; which was the Practice 
+in all the other religious Ceremonies. See Gallaus, Page 
+267. 
+
+
+4 J. Who was Silenusy and how came he to be worfhip- 
+ped as a God ? 
+
+A. Though in general the old Satyrs were called Si- 
+Uni , as we have faid after Paufanias in his Attics , there 
+was one however, to whom this Name was appropriated 
+by way. of Eminence, and who had no other. As this is 
+one Of the moft celebrated Perfonages of Antiquity, a vail 
+many Things have been faid of him. Elian , in his Hi- 
+flory, Book iii. ch. x 2. alledges, that Silctms was born of 
+a Nymph, and that, though he was not of the Number of 
+the Gods, he was however of a fuperior Nature to that 
+of Man. According to the Reprefentation of him upon. 
+Intaglios, Silenus was reprefented riding upon an Afs, 
+almoft always drunk, and hardly able to fupport himfelf; 
+Jitubantem Annifque meronue, as Ovid, Metamorphofis , Book 
+v. fpeaks. It was in this Plight that he followed Bacchus , 
+whofe Fofter-father and infeperable Companion he was, 
+and to whom, according to Diodorus Siculus, Book iii. he 
+communicated Part of his Knowledge. 
+
+Silenus , according to antient Authors, was a profound 
+Pliilofopher, whofe Wifdom was equal to his Knowledge ; 
+and this Drunkennefs, that has been fo much talked of, 
+was nothing but a myftical Drunkennefs, which fignified 
+that he was profoundly immerfed in Speculation. Theo - 
+pompus of Chios brings him in holding Conversation with 
+Midas, (who, according to all the Antients, was King of 
+that Part of Lydia and Phrygia, where the Padlokus runs) 
+which is related by Elian, Hiftory, Book iii. about an 
+Iiland lituated beyond all the Seas, where were among 
+others two Cities, the one called the Peaceful City, the 
+other the Warlike . The Inhabitants of the former, free 
+
+
+from all Care and Anxiety, led happy Days, and lived 
+
+n'l for 
+
+
+
+242 Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles^ &c. 
+
+for feveral Ages j while thofc of the latter, always in 
+Arms againft their Neighbours, almoft all died in-War. 
+Si hum was worfhipped after his Death as aDemi-God, and 
+received the Honour due to Heroes, independently even 
+of Bacchus. This is the Remark of Paufanias in his Elia- 
+cis, who, fpeaking of the Temple which Silcnus had in 
+Elis, exp relies himfelf thus. There you. twill fee. like wife a 
+Temple of Silenus, but a Tanple nubicb is appropriated and 
+peculiar to ki?>flf y njjhile Bacchus has no Share in Jbe Ado* 
+7;cur of it. 
+
+When lived Silcnus , and who were Comtemporaries 
+with him ? 
+
+A. Silcnus lived in the Year of the World 2590, before 
+Chriil 1410, to which add 1750 Years makes- 3.160 
+Years fmee his Time. His Contemporaries, were Rhap- 
+f\ccs % King of Egypt ; Arabclus , King of Ba£)lon y Eu - 
+tnolfus , King of Thrace ; Polydorus , King of Thebes \ 
+Prictus 5 King of Argos ; Afcrius , King of Crete 5 Ar- 
+gc .vtonius. King of Spain ; Paris , King of Gaul , and gives 
+Name to Lutttia , now Paris. No Poets, no Hiftorians 
+at this Time. 
+
+Who were the Sirens ? 
+
+A. It is very well known that the Poets reprefent the 
+Sirens as beautiful Women, who inhabited the fteep Rocks 
+upon the Sea-fhore, whither having allured Paflengers by 
+the Sweetnefs of their Mulic, they put them to death. 
+Some will have them to be the Daughters of the. River 
+Achclousj and of the Nymph Calliope ; others alledge that 
+they fprung from the Blood of the Wound which Hercules 
+ga\e the God of the River, by pulling out one of his 
+Horns. Their Number is not determined. Homer reck¬ 
+ons only two of them, others allow five ; namely, 
+Leucofot Li gin, Parthcnope , Aglaphcv, zndMopfc ; Others, 
+in Ihort, admit only the three firft of thefe now mention¬ 
+ed. Several Fables are delivered about them. Ozrid y Met. 
+Lib. vi. fays, they accompanied Prefer pi nc when Hie was 
+carried off, and that the Gods granted them Wings to ga 
+
+in queft of that Princefs. 
+
+* 
+
+An quia cum legeret fores Proferpina vernos y . 
+
+De numero comitum mlftce Sirenes eratis ? 
+
+
+
+243 
+
+
+Goddefles, 
+
+r 
+
+Quam poftquam to to fruftra quas.fllis in orbe y 
+Protinus ut vcjlram fenitrent- esqiiofa curo?n> 
+
+Pafp fupsr fluff us alarum inflflerc remis 
+Qptafth 3 facilefque Decs babutftis^ & art us 
+Vldiflu, vtflros fubitis flavefcere pennis 
+
+Homer 9 Odyfle, Lib. ii. who places the Sirens ill the 
+midft of a Meadow drenched in Blood, from the Carnaget 
+of thofe whom they had’dettroyed, tells us. Fate had per¬ 
+mitted them to reign till fomc_Perfon fhould over-reach 
+them; that the wile UAfles was he who accompliflied 
+their Deftiny, having eleaped their Snares by Hopping the 
+Ears of his Companions with Wax, and cauiing himfelf 
+to be fattened to the Matt of his Ship*,, which, headds, 
+plunged them into fuch Defpair, that they drowned them- 
+lelves in the Sea, where they were transformed into Fifties 
+from the Watte downwards. . 
+
+We are to confider the Sirens in three Periods of Time.’ 
+Firtt, they were beautiful Virgins, Nymphs who had no¬ 
+thing monftrous ; thus they were when they accompanied 
+Proferpine , and gathered Flowers with her in the Mea~_ 
+dows of Etna. 
+
+
+Hiflory of the Gods, 
+
+
+--— Cum legtret fores Profcrpina verncs y 
+
+De namero comitum mijlce S Irenes era its. 
+
+And, after having fought for that Princefs by Land with¬ 
+out finding her, they demanded Wings from the Gods to 
+dy over the Seas : 
+
+Protinus ut veffrum /entirent erquora curam , 
+
+PoJ/e fuper flu ftus alarum Injijhrt ye mis 
+Optaflis i \ 
+
+which was accordingly granted them ; 
+
+• 9 
+
+• * ' * 
+
+•-— Facilefque Deos babuifiis^ & arlns 
+
+Vidiftis vejlros fubitis flavefcere pennis ; 
+
+
+From that Time 
+Virgins Faces: 
+
+
+we arc to confider them as Fowls with 
+
+« 
+
+
+Cum vlrginls ora geratis . 
+
+
+M 2 
+
+
+LopJj 
+
+
+
+244 - Hifiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c+ 
+
+LnJUy, From the Moment that they threw themfelves 
+into the Sea, in Defpair for UlyJJtVs having got the better 
+of them, we are to confider them as Fifties and Divinities 
+of the Sea. 
+
+If we would trace this Fable to its Scource, Servius 
+will inform us, that it derived its Origin from certain 
+Prince fie 3 who reigned of old upon the Coafts of the Tuf- 
+cah Sea, near Pt torus and Caprea , or in three fmaJl Iflands 
+of Sicily, which Arifiotle calls the Ifls of the Sirens. Thefe 
+petty Queens were very debauched, and by their Charms 
+allured Strangers, who were ruined in their Court by 
+Pleafure and Prodigality. This is, no doubt, the Foun¬ 
+dation of all that Hotner fays of the Sirens, Odyjf. Lib. xii. 
+that they bewitch thofe who are fo imprudent as to come 
+near them and liflen to their Songs j and they detain 
+them in a capacious Meadow, where nothing is to be 
+feen but Heaps of Bones and CarcafTes which lie withering 
+in the Sun. None that vific them once, adds the Poet, 
+ever return to receive the Embraces and joyful Congratu¬ 
+lations of their Wives and Children ; all who doat upon 
+their Charms are doomed to perifh 
+
+What Solemn?? y Prov. ch. ix. fays of the Miferics to which 
+thofe arc ex poled, who abandon themfelves to fenfual 
+i’icafure, exceedingly juftifies the Idea given us of the 
+sirens, by the Greek Poet, and by Virgil* s Commentator. 
+*• Thofe foolifh Women, fays the wife King, call Paf- 
+“ fengers who go right on their Way. Whofo is fimple, 
+“ fay they, let him turn him hither; Stolen Waters (that 
+“ is, flolen Pleafures) are fweet, and Bread eaten in fe- 
+
+cret is moll pleafant: The Fools know not that Giants 
+%l are there, and that her Guells are in the Depths of Hell.” 
+
+As to the Time when the Sirens lived Q*vid informs us, 
+it was in the Time of Profcrpine , and that they accom¬ 
+panied that Princefs in the Meadows of Mount Etna, where 
+her Rape was committed. Homer makes them live in 
+the Time of Ulyffes, after the War of Troy ; and I reckon 
+thefe various Opinions may be reconciled by faying, 
+that they lived not all at the fame Time, but after one 
+another ; that their Reign continued to the Time of 
+Ulyffes, who perhaps put to death the lafl Princefs of 
+that llland. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+£>. What 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, God defies, £s?r. 245 
+
+ijj. What was the Reafon. that the Sun was worfhipped 
+as a God ? 
+
+d. I am perfuaded, that Idolatry began by the Wor- 
+flilp of the heavenly Bodies, and efpecially of the Sun. 
+As Men could have no other Reafon for abandoning the 
+true God, but that the Idea of a Bring, purely fpiri- 
+tual, was defaced upon their carnal Minds, it is not pro¬ 
+bable they would chufe Men like themfelves to be the 
+firft Objects of their Adoration; it is more likely, they 
+would enft about for fuch • fenfible Objects as bore the 
+CharnCler of the Divinity, whofe Idea they had not 
+entirely loll, and which might be a more fignificant Sym¬ 
+bol of him. Now, nothing was more capable of fe- 
+ducing them than the heavenly Bodies, and the Sun efpe¬ 
+cially : His Beauty, the bright Splendor of his Beams, 
+the Rapidity of his Courfe ; He rejoicetb as a Giant to 
+run bis Race, Pfal. xix. $. his Regularity in enlighten¬ 
+ing the whole Earth by turns, and in diffufing Light and 
+Fertility all around, eflential Characters of the Divinity, 
+who is himfelf the Light and Source of every Thing 
+that exifts ; all thefe were too capable of imprefling the 
+grofs Minds of Men with a Belief, that there was no 
+other God but the Sun, and that this fplendid Luminary 
+was the Throne of the Divinity, In the Sun be bath placed • 
+bis Tabernacle, in the fourth Verfe of Pfal. xix. God 
+bath fixed bis Habitation in the Heavens ; and they favv 
+nothing that bore more Marks of Divinity than the Sun, 
+We cannot therefore queftion the Antiquity of the Worlhip 
+of the Sun and other Luminaries : And if there was occa- 
+iion for adding Authority to natural Arguments, I fliould 
+have upon my Side not only feveral great Men, who have 
+been of the fame Mind, but alfo all the Rabbies, and 
+efpecially the learned Maimonidts , who, in his Treatife 
+upon the Origin of Idolatry, thinks it began in this Man¬ 
+ner, and that before the Deluge. 
+
+Confidering what Ignorance Men were in as to tlie 
+Nature of the true God, fays that learned Rabby, no¬ 
+thing mart needs have {truck them more than the Sight 
+of the Sun and Stars. Men never loll this Principle, that 
+the Divinity eflentially comprehends fupreme Beauty; 
+and, not having fufficient Lights to rife to the. Idea of 
+an immortal and inviiible Subftance, they found’ nothing 
+
+M 3 more 
+
+
+
+7.46 Hi ft cry of the G ods, Goddefles, £s?c. 
+
+more admirable in Nature than the Sun and Stars. Gra¬ 
+titude, natural enough to Men when they receive a Bene- 
+fit, fortified them itill more in the fame Perfuafion; 
+They could not doubt of the Sun’s being the Source of 
+Pertility, that it was to his Heat they ought to afcribe the 
+Fruitful fiefs of the Earth, which, without the warming 
+Influences of his Beams, would be but a barren'Lump, 
+without Trees and without Fruits. The Revolutions and 
+regular Motions of the celeftial Spheres too perfuaded 
+them, that the Stars were animated : And this Error has 
+found but too many Partifans ; even learned Men and 
+Philo fop hers came to efpoufe this Opinion, efpecially the 
+' PUitonicks, and Plato their Matter. It was from that 
+I’liilofophy Philo, the derived this Doctrine, Ukat 
+
+the Stars arefo many Souls incorruptible and immortal* 
+
+Nothing fo much proves the Antiquity of tills kind of 
+Idolatry, as the Care Mofts took to prohibit it. Dent. 
+iv. 19. “ Take heed, fays he to the Ifraelitcs; lett, 
+
+** when you lift up your Eyes to Heaven, and fee the 
+
+Sun, the Moon, and all the Stars, you be feduced and 
+“ drawn away to pay Worfliip and Adoration to the Crea- 
+* c tures, which the Lord your Gcd has made for the 
+* € Service of all the Nations under Heaven.” Mofes men¬ 
+tions the Sun before the other Stars, becaufe his Beauty 
+-and Ufefulnefs are more apt to feduce than thofe of the 
+Moon and Stars. This is the Reafon why Job, xxxi. 26, 
+27, t$c. to teftify liis Innocence, fays: “ If I beheld the 
+** Sun when he fhined, or the Moon walking in her 
+** Brightnefs ; if my Heart has been tickled with a fecret 
+* 4 Joy, and I have put my Hand to my Mouth to kifs it ; 
+“ which is the Height of Iniquities, even a Renunciation 
+*< of the Moil High God.” 
+
+Upon this PaiFage I have four Remarks to make. Firtt, 
+this was the Idolatry of the Age Job lived in, and the 
+only one too ; for, to be fure, if there had been other 
+Kinds of it, he would have equally cleared himfelf of 
+them. ... • * j i' ■ 
+
+Secondly,, that to adore the Sun implied-’.an abfolute 
+acknowledging hi pi for the fupreme Deity ^.aqdnd other. 
+
+Thirdly, that we learn fropi this; Railagenot. only the 
+Antiquity pf the WrOtlhip of the Sun,, lince Job. lived be¬ 
+fore McJcjy but alfo that they acknowledged the Divinity 
+of this Luminary, .by putting the Hand to the Mouth; 
+
+and 
+
+
+
+tiijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 247 
+
+and this Cuftom was likewife ufed towards other Gods, 
+as we learn from feveral Authors. Minutiur Felix ridi¬ 
+culed Cecilias, who killed his Hand as he palled by the 
+Statue of Serapis, in his Dialogue, intitled Oeia<vim, 
+
+<c Cecilius fimulachro Serapidis dono te, ut vulgus fuper- 
+C4 ftitiofus folet, manum ori admovens, ofculum Iabii* 
+“ impreffit.” 4 'puleius , Book i. on the contrary, upbraids 
+an impious Perfon, that he had no Refpeft to the Gods, 
+and that he palled by their Temples without putting his 
+Hand to his Mouth to falute them. “ Nulli Deo ad hoc 
+“ avi fupplicavit, nullum Templum frequentavit, fi fa- 
+44 num aliquod preferent, nefas habet, adorandi gratia 
+44 manum labiis admovere.’* 
+
+In the laft Place, I obferve, it was with a View to ac¬ 
+knowledge the Divinity of the Sun, that the Pagans in 
+Prayer turned towards the Eaft, and had all their Temples 
+dire&cd to that Quarter ; whereas the Jews, that they 
+might not imitate them, had always their San&uarv 
+towards the Weft. The primitive Chriftians likewile 
+ufed to turn their Churches towards the Rifing of the Sun, 
+not to adore that Luminary, but to pay their Devotion to 
+the Son of Righteoufnefs, who diffufes Light over the 
+Mind, and warms the Hearts of thofe who worflup him 
+by the Influence of his Grace. 
+
+4 k Give an Account of the different Names given.to 
+the Sun by the Nations or Kingdoms of the World. 
+
+A, The Ammonites worlhippcd him under the Name .of 
+Moloch, to whom they facrificed their Children; the 
+Chaldeans, under the Name of Bel us, Baal Or Baalfmsr, 
+which imports the Lord of Heaven ; the Arabians their 
+Neighbours, who, as Strabo, Book x. and Stcfbanus, 
+Book ix. relate, made a daily OfFering to him of Incenfe 
+and other Perfumes, called him Adoneus ; the Moabites , 
+Baab-pbcgor ; the Perjians , Mithras . He was named 
+Affabinus by the Ethiopians', Liber , or Dyone/zus by the 
+Indians ; Apollo , or Phoebus , by the Greeks and Romans, See 
+CcJ/sus of Idolatry, Book ii. In fine, others called him 
+IhreuleBale anus, &c. In a Word, there was no Na¬ 
+tion but paid a fuperftitious Worfhip to this Luminary. 
+Crefar tells us in particular, it was fo with the Germans, 
+who, according to this Author, owned no other Gods but 
+thofe from whom they received fome Benefit, as the Sun, 
+the Moon, and the Fire: “ Deorum numero eos folum 
+
+M 4, ** du- 
+
+
+
+243 Hi/lory of the Gods., Goddefies, lie. 
+
+44 decunt, quorum ^pibus folum juvantur, Solem, Vulca- 
+*'■ num & Lunam. 1 ’ Herodotus, Book x. ch. 226. fays as 
+much for the Majfagetcs, who, according to this Hiilo- 
+xian, facrificcd Horfes to him, to fignify by the Fleetnefs 
+of this Animal, the rapid Motion of the Sun. In fine, all 
+the Travellers, even the moft modern, give the fame Ac¬ 
+count of almoft all the Nations, of whom they have left 
+«s any Hiftory, cfpecially of the Peruvians and Mexicans. 
+Jf we credit P. LeJ/itecsPs Maurs, who has publifhed a 
+learned Work upon the Manners of the Savages, there is 
+not in the vail Continent of America any known People 
+but worfhip the Sun. Even the Tncas of Peru, and their 
+Defendants to this Day, as well as the Notches of Loui- 
+Jina , like the antient Kings or Heroes, who pretended to 
+be the Sons of Jupiter or Hercules, call themfelves the 
+Offspring of the Sun. The Je<u:s themfelves were fome- 
+times carried away by this Superflition, fince the holy 
+Scripture tells 11s, 2 Kings xxiii. 2. that Jofics flew tho 
+Horfes, and burnt the Chariots that had been confecrated 
+to the Sun. Me,crobius, Satyrs, Book i. ch. 17. enters 
+upon a Detail of all the Gods that may be reduced to the 
+Sun, and there he finds not only all thofe whom we have 
+named, but Cashes too, Saturn , Jupiter, Mars, Apollo, 
+Mercury, -Ammon, Bacchus, Sera pis, Adonis, EJculapius , 
+Hercules, Atys, Pan, and feveral others. 
+
+This fame Author, and after him VcJJius , reduce almoft 
+all the Divinities of the feminine Sex to the Moon, as 
+Ceres, Diana, Lucina, Venus, Urania, the Goddefs of Syria ; 
+CybeL , Ijis , Vcjia, AJlarte, Juno , Minerva, Libit in a. Pro - 
+ftrpine , Hecate, and feveral others, who were only form¬ 
+ed from the Egyptian G'oddef* JJs, whofe Name imports 
+Antient, and who was among that People*the Symbol of 
+the Moon ; and here, without doubt, we have the firft 
+Objects of Idolatry, and the Foundation of the whole 
+Pagan Theology. 
+
+* 
+
+How came Sylvan us to be made a God ? 
+
+si* Sylvanus, according to feme Authors, was the Son 
+of Faunas, or, according to Plutarch, of Valerius and Va¬ 
+leria his Daughter. The Author of the Original of the 
+Roma jjs , fuch is the Uncertainty as to thefe Matters, fays, 
+Sylvanus , inftead of being the Son of Faunus, was the 
+fame God with him ; and others confound him with Pan, 
+
+or 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the G ods, Goddeiies, &c. 249* 
+
+or Fgipan, if we may believe Plutarch; which agrees with 
+what Pliny tells us, that the Egtpans were the fame with 
+the SyIvans . The Monuments wc have now remaining 
+reprefent him fometimes as a Satyr, and foinetimes too 
+with the Half of the Body of a Goat; fometimes with a 
+Form quite human, almoft always with a Branch of Cy- 
+prefs, and that for the Love of the young Cyp'arijfus, who 
+was transformed into that Tree. The Pine apple, a 
+pruning Knife, which he holds in his Hand, a Crown 
+coarfly made, and a Dog, are the common Embellilh- 
+ments of the Figures of this rural Deity, where he appears 
+fometimes naked, fometimes covered with aruftick ( 5 arb, 
+which reaches down to his Knees. 
+
+As Sybjanus was highly honoured, efpccially in Italy , 
+we fee frequently upon thefe fame Images, Altars, Priefts, 
+Players upon the Flute, and the Vi&im that‘was moll 
+commonly offered to him, namely, a Hog. A Monu¬ 
+ment confecrated to this God, by one named Laches , gives 
+him the Epithet of Lit t oralis ; Whence we learn, that he 
+was alfo worlhipped upon the Sea-fhore. The Prjefts of 
+this God conflituted one of the principal Colleges of Rome , 
+and were in great Reputation, which was a fufficient 
+Evidence of the Fame of his Worlhip. 
+
+Tartarus* See Elyfian Fields . 
+
+
+Who made Tempcji a Goddefs ? 
+
+A* All that we know of Tempeft , which was deified by 
+the Romans , is, that Mercdlus , as an Acknowledgment for 
+having efcaped a Storm with which he was overtaken at 
+Sea, between the Iflands of Corjtca and Sardinia y built a 
+Temple to her without the Porta Cdpcna, 
+
+
+9 
+
+When were Temples built for the Gods and God- 
+defies ? ••• ' ; 
+
+A . The Antiquity of Temples is a thing as unqueftio li¬ 
+able, as the Time when they begin to ^e^uled is un¬ 
+certain. As it was in Phenicfa Egypt that’Idolatry 
+took its RlfeJ not long after the-Ueluge/ thefe are the 
+two Countries^ to be fure, where we a?e r to fdek r fbr the 
+Origin of whatever concerns the : WorlKip' of -falfe God’s, 
+and the Ufe^of Temples , * which th^y introduced. Herodo¬ 
+tus and' lytdan exprefly tell us’"fo Egyptians'; ~b(it 
+
+M 5 we 
+
+
+
+2^o Hijkcry of the Go&s^ Goddeflfes, 
+
+we are to oblgrve at the fame time, that the Syilem of' 
+that Falfe Religion was not eftatliihed all at once, and 
+mat its Ceremonies were only introduced by piece-meal. 
+-At nrlt the Gods were .-honoured after a ve.ry grofs. 
+Manner; fiinple Altars of. rough Stone, or Turf, fetup 
+in the open F&ids; were''all thl Apparatus of 'the S*tfu- 
+fjees they offered them. Chapels, that is,, dote Flakes, 
+and at laft Temples, were only introduced in latter Times j 
+and accordingly we do not find that the Egyptians had 
+any in Mofes'z Time, otherwife he had mentioned them, 
+as he had frequently occa/iqn to do. Thus, I am con¬ 
+fident, that the Tabernacle that he made in thg Defart, 
+which was a portable Temple , is the firft of the Kind that is 
+kr own, and perhaps the Model of the reft. The Taber¬ 
+nacle had a Place more facred than the reft, the Sanaa 
+Sanctorum, which anfwers to the holy and more facred 
+Places in the Pagan TempLs, which they called Adyta, 
+This Temple, expofed to the View ofNations, bordering 
+upon the Places which the JfraclUes paffed through for 
+forty Years, might give occafion to thofe Idolaters to 
+build others like to it, though not portable ; at leaft, it 
+is certain, they had of them before the Building of the 
+1 ft mpl' of 7 > nfaicm., The firft made mention of in Scrip¬ 
+ture is that of Dago?i among the Pbilijlixes, but be that 
+as it will, the Cuftom of building Temples in Honour 
+of the Gods was derived from Egypt to the other Na¬ 
+tions. Lucan, de Dea Syrias , fays, it was propagated from 
+.that Country to the Ajjyrians , under which Name lie muft 
+-needs comprehend the adjacent Countries, Pbenicia, $y- 
+rif, and others. From Egypt and Pbenicia it palled to 
+Ajru -.e with the Colonies, and from Greece to Rome, This 
+is the Courfe of Fables and Idolatry, as I have elfewhere 
+already observed, and this Opinion is grounded upon 
+Herodotus, and upon all the Evidence Antiquity can af¬ 
+ford, Deuca//a?t has the Glory aferibed to him of having 
+bailt the firft Temple in Greece , and Janus in Italy', others 
+will have it, that the Honour thereof belongs to Faunus, 
+from whom was derived the Name of Fanum,. which, 
+among .he Latins fignifies a Temple; but all thefe In¬ 
+quiries are equally frivolous and uncertain. What we 
+are better warranted to fay is, that the fmall Chapels, 
+moftly reared up by private Perfons in the open Fields, 
+w«re very foon fucceedcd by regular Buildings, and at 
+
+laft 
+
+
+
+
+* + ^ 
+
+Hijtory of the Gods, Goddefies, &V. 251 
+
+laft by Mailer-pieces of Architecture. We may fee by 
+Herodotus , and other Authors, what was the Magnificence 
+of that Temple of Vulcan in Egypt , which fo many Kings 
+had much ado to finilh. A Prince gained no fmall Ho¬ 
+nour, if, in the COurfe of a long Reign, he was able to 
+build one Portico of it. In Paufanias, his Eleacs, you 
+have the Defcription of Jupiter Olympius j that of Dei- 
+pbcs as famous for its Oracles, as for the immenfe Pre- 
+fents with which it was enriched, deferves to be known. 
+That of Diana at Epbcfds, that Matter-piece of Arc, and 
+fo reriouned, that a mad Fool, (fee Ercjiratus ) thought 10 
+entemalize his Name by burning it, was as rich as mag-- 
+nificent. The Pantheon, a Specimen of the Magnificence 
+of uSgrtppa, Hugujius's Son-in-law, is ftill iubfifting, 
+and is dedicated to all the Saints, as it was Formerly to 
+all the Gods. In fine, the Temple of Belus, or rather 
+that grand and magnificent Tower, compofed of feven 
+Stories, whereof the higheft contained the Statue of that 
+God, with the other Things Herodotus fpeaks of, as it 
+was the antienteft of all thofe I have named, fo it was the 
+molt lingular, and the moft magnificent. 
+
+Thefe are the moft (lately of the Pagan Temples, 
+whereof the Memory is preferved to us in Hiftory. The 
+others of lefs DilHndHon are fo numerous, that it would 
+require whole Volumes to deferibe them, nor would it be 
+a Thing of any Ufe. In Rome alone there are reckoned 
+to have been upwards of a thoufand, great and fmall 
+together. 
+
+As the Latins ufe a Variety of Words for a Temple, 
+
+* Templum, Fan uni, JEdes,; Sacrariunr, Sec. the Gram¬ 
+marians and Commentators have fearched into the Ety¬ 
+mology of each of thefe Denominations $ but, when all is 
+well examined, it appears, thatthefe Names fignified Pla¬ 
+ces confecrated to the Gods, diftinguifhed from one ano¬ 
+ther more by their 3 ize than their Form, although very 
+good Authors make other Dillinations between them. 
+Fanunt, in early Times, feems to have denoted the Place 
+defigned for a Temple, and to have been the Word 
+appropriated afterwards to fignify a little Temple, as 
+likewlfc the Word Sacrarium . Accordingly Cicero , in k 
+his Fourth Book againft twice makes ufeof thefe two 
+
+Words to deferibe d fmall Temple, which Ceres had at 
+
+.Catana in Sidly. That Orator etfe where ufes fhe Word 
+
+6 - 
+
+
+
+it§2. Hijiory of the Gods, Goddeffles, i£c* 
+
+Sacrarium , for the private Chapels every one had in his 
+own Houfe ; but thefe Chapels were more frequently cx r 
+preffed by the Word Lararium . Aides, if we believe 
+Aarro, whofe Teftimony is quoted by /lulus Gdlius , in his 
+No&es Attica:, implied, that the Temple was conftituted 
+by the Augurs; whence he concludes, that every Thing 
+they called AEdes was not a Temple 5 but this Diliin&ion 
+is without Foundation, for Authors ufe both Expreflions 
+promifcuoufly for Buildings confecrated to the Gods. The 
+Cafe was otherwife, as to the Word Delubrum, which, 
+according to /tfconius, properly fignified a Temple confe- 
+•crated to feveral Divinities, and which had in it feveral 
+Chapels, as the Pantheon was a Temple confecrated to all 
+the Gods. The Word Templum did not even always de¬ 
+note a Building, iince the Augurs applied it to the Plots of 
+Ground incloied with Pallifadoes or Nets, which they 
+marked out with the augural StaiF, in order to make the 
+Auguries ; or to the Spaces in the Heavens, which the 
+Augur circumfcribed with his Eye. Hence Varro derives 
+
+the"Word atcmplatido, i. e. contemplai:dc. 
+
+The Temples of the Antients were divided into feve¬ 
+ral Parts, which it is proper to diftinguifh, for underftand- 
+ing the Defcriptions they give of them. ThefirEwas 
+the Porch, where was the Pool, whence the Priefls, AKdi- 
+tui , drew the Holy Water for the Expiation of fuch as 
+were to enter into the Temple 5 the Nu*vc> veds • and the 
+Holy Place called Penetrale , Sacrarium, Adytum, into 
+which private f'erfons were not permitted to enter ; and 
+laibof all, the back Temple j .but this laft Di- 
+
+vifion was not in every one. The Temples had often 
+Porticos, and always Steps of Afcent. There were fome 
+of them too with Galleries carried quite round; thefe 
+Galleries were compofed of a Range of Pillars, fet at a 
+certain Diftance from the Wall, covered with large Stones : 
+Temples of this Sort were called Peripctres, that is to 
+fay, winged all round ; and Dipetrrs , when the Gallery 
+had two Rows of Pillars ; Projiyhs, when the Pillars form¬ 
+ed the Portico without a Gallery; and laltly, Hifpethres , 
+when they had two rows of Pillars On the Outfide, and as 
+many on the Infide, the Middle being wholly uncovered, 
+much after the Form of the Cloyfters in the Monafieries. 
+Vitruvius takes notice of fome other Particulars that 
+may be feen in his Work. 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, Goddeffes, £s?r, 2 5 g 
+
+The inner Part of the Temple lyas often very much 
+adorned; for befides the Statues.of the Gods, which 
+were fometimes of. Gold,, Ivory, .Ebony, or. of fome 
+other precious Materials, and thpfe- .of the. great Men; 
+which -.were fome rimes very- numerous.; it was ordinary 
+to . fee. there.^Paintings, Gildings,,*and other Embellifh- 
+ments, among which we mull not forget the Offerings, or 
+t he Ex voto; that is to fay. Prows of Ships, dedicated 
+upon their being faved from Shipwreck, by the Aftiftance, 
+as they thought, of fome Qods; Tablets, Tabelles , for the 
+Cure of a Difeafe; Arms won from the Enemy, Colours, 
+Tripods, and votive Bucklers. There were elpedally in 
+the Temple, of Delphos , and in feveral Temples at Rome , 
+immenfe Riches of this Kind. . Belides thefe Sorts of Or¬ 
+naments, they were not wanting on - Holy Days to 
+deck the Temples with Branches of Laurel, Olive, and 
+Ivy. 
+
+Of thefe Temples, fome were not to be built within 
+the Precinfts of the Cities, but without the Walls; as thofe 
+of Mars , Vulcan, and Venus, for the Reafons given by 
+Vitruvius , Book ii. ch. 2. “ When Temples are to be 
+“ built to the Gods, fays that Author, efpecially to thole 
+“ of them who are Patrons of the City, if it be to Jubi- 
+“ ter, Juno* or Minerva, they mull be fet on Places of 
+“ the greateli Eminence, whence one may have a View 
+
+of the Bulk of the Town-walls. If it is to Mercury, 
+“ they mull be fet in the Town or Market-place, as is 
+<c obferved in thofe of Iris and S era-pis. Thole of Apollo and 
+" Bacchus mull be near the Theatre. Thofe of Ifercu - 
+“ les, when there is neither Gymnafium nor Amphitheatre, 
+u Ihould be placed near the Circus. Thofe of Mars, 
+<e without the City, in the Fields'; as thofe of Venus at 
+“ the City-gates. We find, continues he, in the Writings 
+“ of the 7 ufcan Soothfayers, that they have a Cuftom of 
+“ placing the Temples of Venus, Vulcan, and Mars, with- 
+“ out the Walls, left, if Venus was within the City itfclfi 
+<c it might be a Means of debauching young People, and 
+16 Matrons too. Vulcan was alio to be without, that 
+“ Houfes might not be in Danger of taking Fire. While 
+** Mars is without the Walls, there will be no Diffention. 
+“ among the People ; nay more, he will be in Place of 
+“ a Rampart, to fecure the Walls of the City from the 
+“ Hazards, of War. The Temples of Ceres , now like- 
+
+4t - wife 
+
+^ <■ 
+
+
+
+2 54 tfiftory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+wife without the Cities, in Places not much frequented, 
+c£ unlefs to offer Sacrifice to her, that their Purity might 
+({ not be defiled.” Thefe Diftin£Uons however were not 
+always firstly Obferved. 
+
+The Idolaters had all pofiible Veneration for their Tem¬ 
+ples. If we may believe Arrian, it was forbid to blo\^r 
+ones Nofe, or fpit there j and Dion adds; that fometimes 
+they clambered up to them upon their Knees. They 
+were a SanCluary for Criminals and Debtors. In fine, in 
+Times of Calamity, the Women prdftratfed themfelves in 
+the facred Places, and fwepfc the Pavements of them with 
+their Hair. Sometimes, however; it happened that, when 
+public' Difafters obftinately continued, the People loft all 
+due Reverence for the Temples, aiid W£re fo outragious, 
+as to fall a pelting the Walls with Stones; an Inftancfe 
+Whereof we have in Suetonius , in the Life of Caligula . 
+
+Though commonly both Men and Women entered into 
+the Temples, yet there were fome where the Men were 
+forbid tO enter 3 for Iriftance, that of Diana , at Rome, in 
+the Street called Ficus Patricias , as we learn from P/«- 
+tarch , although they might enter into the other Temples 
+of that Goddefs. The Reafon of this Prohibition is 
+
+t _ _ • 4 
+
+thought to have been, that a Woman, as ihe was pray¬ 
+ing in that Temple, had received a inoft crael Infialt. 
+
+^ What was the Temple of Belus ? 
+
+A, As the Temple of Belus is allowed to be the moit 
+antient of any in the Pagan World, a‘s iti cannot be doubted 3 
+fo like wife was its Structure the moft curious. Berofus , 
+as Jofephus in his Antiquities, Book x. relates, aferibes 
+the Building of it to Belus, who was himfelf worfhipped 
+there after his Death. But certain it is, if the Belus of 
+that Hiftorrm be the fame with Nisnrod, as is very pro¬ 
+bable, his Defign was not to build a Temple, but to erett 
+a Tower, in order to ftielter himfelf and his People from 
+Inundations, iffuch a one as a Deluge fhould again hap¬ 
+pen. We know in what manner God hath put a Stop to 
+that mad Defign. The Work continued in the fame 
+State it was in at the Confufion of Tongues, and was af¬ 
+terwards fet apart for a Temple to Belus , who was deified 
+.after Ins Death. This famous Tower, commonly called 
+the Tower of Babel, formed a Square in its Bafe, each 
+
+Side containing a Stadium, (that is, a Meafure of Ground 
+
+con- 
+
+
+
+Hifiory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 255 
+
+containing fix hundred twenty-five Feet, that is, one 
+hundred twenty-five Paces) ora Furlong in Length, which 
+made half a Mile in Circumference. The whole Work 
+confided of .eight Towers, raifed the one above the other, 
+and dimmifhmg gradually, from-the lowed to the higheft. 
+Some Authors, as Prideaux remarks, being milled by the 
+Latin Verfion of Herodotus , alledge, that- 5 'each of thefts 
+Towers were a Furlong in Height, which would make 
+the Whole a Mile high $ but the Greek Text fays no fuch 
+Thing, nor is any mention made of the Height of the 
+Edifice. Strabo , who has alfo defcribed this Temple, 
+allows no more than a Furlong for its Height, and as 
+much for each Side. The learned Publilher of the Edi¬ 
+tion of Prideaux at Trenjoux fays, that, according to the 
+Meafure of the Stadia ufed in the Time of Herodotus , the 
+only antient Author who defcribes the Edifice from having 
+feen it, it could not be more than fixty-nine Toifes, ot* 
+thereabouts in Height ; that is, but a little more than twice 
+the Height of the Crofs on the Cupulo of St. i FauPs ; which 
+is not very extraordinary, confidering the Magnificence of 
+fome Buildings inJSurope . The fame Editor further remarks, 
+that as this Work was framed only of Bricks, which Men 
+carried upon their Backs, as we learn from the Anricnts 
+(fee Herodotus , Book i.) and, as the Scripture tells us, con¬ 
+cerning the Tower of Bethel % its Conftruttion has no¬ 
+thing in it furprifing ; and tho’ it was higher than the great 
+Pyramid, by a hundred and nineteen Feet, yet as the 
+latter was built, or at leaft faced with Stones of* an et- 
+ceffive Length, which were to be hoifted up tofo prodigious 
+an Height, the Building of it muft needs have been infinite¬ 
+ly more difficult. We learn from Herodotus , that they 
+went up to the Top of this Building by winding Stairs, 
+which were on the Outfide.. Thefe eight ToWets.compo- 
+fed as it were fo many Stories, each of whicH Seventy 
+live Feet high, and in them they had difpofed leveral 
+great Chambers fupported by Pillars, and other leffer 
+ones, where People might reft themfelves in going up. 
+The higheft was the moil richly adorned, and that for 
+which they had the greateft Veneration. In this Cham¬ 
+ber, according to Herodotus , there was a flately Bed, and 
+a Table of maily Gold, but no Statue. 
+
+Until the Time of Nebuchctdnexxar this Templ^ con¬ 
+tained nothing but the Tower, and Chambers nbw men¬ 
+tioned,, 
+
+
+
+256 Hijiory of the Gods, Goddefles, &c\ 
+
+tioned, which were fo many private Chapels. But that 
+Monarch, as Berofui upon Jofephus his Antiquities, Book 
+x. relates, enlarged it a great deal by the Edifices he 
+built all round it, with a Wall that furrounded them, and 
+brazen Gates j in framing whereof the Sea of Brafs, 
+and the other Utenfils of the Temple of Jerufalem had 
+been employed. This Temple was ftill fubfiiling in the 
+Time of Xerxes , (fee Herodotus , Book x.) who, as he 
+returned from his unfortunate Expedition into Greece , or¬ 
+dered* it to be demolifhed, having firft pillaged its im- 
+menfe Riches, among which were Statues of mafly Gold j 
+one of them, as Diodorus Siculus , Book ii. has it, being 
+forty Feet high, and which was probably the fame that 
+Nebuchadnezzar had confecrated in the Plain of Dura. 
+The Scripture, indeed, gives this Coloflus ninty Feet in 
+Height, but this is to be underftoodof the Statue and Pe- 
+deftal taken both together. 
+
+There were likewife in the fame Temple feveral Idols 
+offolidGold, and a greatNumber of facred Vafes of the 
+fame Metal, whofe Weight, according to the fame Au¬ 
+thor, came to 5030 Talents ; which, added to the Statue, 
+amounted to an immenfe Sum. In fine, it was from the 
+Temple enlarged by A T cbucbadnatzar that Herodotus , 
+who had feen it, took the Defcription in his firft Book j 
+and his Authority ought to be more regarded, than that 
+of Diodorus Siculus , who fpoke of it only as he had heard 
+from others. It is true, Herodotus fays, that in a low 
+Chapel of this Temple was a large golden Statue of Ju¬ 
+piter , that is, of Belus ; but he gives neither its Weight 
+nor Dimentions, contenting himfelf with faying, that the 
+Statue, with a golden Table, a Throne, and Foot-ltool, 
+were altogether eftimated by the Babylonians at 800 Ta¬ 
+lents .. } .T^e fame Author adds, that without this Chapel 
+was bkewife an Altar of Gold, and a larger one, on 
+which they Tacrificed Animals full grown, becaufe it was 
+not permitted to offer any fuch upon the golden Altar, 
+but thofe only that were not yet weaned ; and that they 
+burned yearly upon the great Altar Incenfe to the .Weight 
+of an hundred thoufand Talents. LafUy, he mentions 
+another Statue of mafly Gold, which he had not feen ; 
+but was told it amounted to twelve Cubits, or eighteen 
+Feet in Height. It is no doubt the fame that Diodorus 
+fpeaks of, though he gives it forty Feet in Height ; which 
+Account is the more credible of the two, if it was that of 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, GoddefTes, £sV. 2 cpj 
+
+A T cbuckadnez.%ar, as we have great Reafbn to think. I 
+have obferved from Herodotus , that, in the higher Tower, 
+there was a magnificent Bed ? and this Author fubjoins, 
+that none was allowed to lie there, except a Woman of 
+the City, whom the Pried: of Belus chofe every Day, 
+making her believe, that flie was honoured there with the 
+Prefence of the God. 
+
+What fort of Form was the Temple of Vulcan at 
+Memphis of ? 
+
+A. The Egytians, according to Herodotus, were the firft 
+People in the World who built Temples in Honour of the 
+Gods. I have no deiign to fpeak of all thofe that were 
+in that Country; in anfwer to the Queftion, I fhall fpeak 
+of that of Vulcan , and lome others, which delerve a par¬ 
+ticular Confideration, upon account of their Antiquity. 
+Although we have not any very full Defcription of the 
+Temple of Vulcan , we may judge from what Herodotus 
+fays of it, in feveral Places of his Hiftory, fee Book ii. 
+ch. 99. that it muft have been of furprifing Magni¬ 
+ficence. Firft, as to its Antiquity, it feems to be un- 
+queftionable, fmee that Hiftorian tells us, it was built by 
+Mines , the firft who reigned in Egypt after the Gods, and 
+Demi-gods. Probably it was not that Prince who gave 
+all that Beauty to the Work, for which it was afterwards 
+admired ; although Herodotus fays, , that even then it 
+was grand and highly celebrated, lince the primitive 
+Buildings fpoke of nothing but a noble Simplicity. But 
+the SucceiTors of Menes , ambitioully vied with one ano¬ 
+ther in embellifhing the Work of the Founder of their 
+Monarchy, and in adorning it with the Statues we are 
+going to mention; for, according to the belt Hiftorians, 
+there were no Statues in the antient Temples of Egypt . 
+M<sris, a powerful Prince, very rich, added to this firft 
+Temple the ftately Porch, that was on the North Side. 
+Rhamjindus , Prohus's Succeflor, railed, according to the 
+fame Author, that which fronted to the Weft, and placed 
+over-gainft the Porch two Coloflal Statues, each twenty 
+five Cubits, that is, thirty feven, or thirty eight Feet in 
+Height. The one which the Egyptians worltupped was 
+called by them Summer , becaufe it faced to the North: 
+The other, for which they had no Regard, was ftiled 
+?Vinter, and looked to the South. In fine, Amajis fet up be- 
+
+
+
+£58 Hifiory of the Gods, GoddefTes, &c. 
+
+fore the fame Temple an inverted Statue, feventy live 
+Feet high 5 and upon this Calojfus , which ferved for a 
+Foundation, or rather Pedeftal, he erected two other Sta¬ 
+tues, each twenty Feet in Height, and of the fame Mar¬ 
+ble with the great one. It is eafy judging, from He¬ 
+rodotus's Account, of the Magnificence and Extent of this 
+Temple. In the mean time the inner Part of the Edifice, 
+fo far from inviting the Admiration of thofe who entered 
+into it, only provoked the Contempt and Raillery of 
+Cambyfes , who broke out into an inordinate Fit of Laugh¬ 
+ter, at feeing the Statues of Vulcan , and the other Gods, 
+like Pigmies ; which, in truth, muft needs have made 
+a very ridiculous Contrail with ColoJ/hfcs in the Porches, of 
+which we have fpoke. This, perhaps, was the fame 
+Temple which Menes had built: For, the Works of the 
+Egyptians were made to la ft an immenfe Time. 
+
+i£. Give me an Account of fome of the other Temples 
+of Egypt ? 
+
+A. Egypt had befides a great Number of Temples, 
+every one of them richer than another; fuch as that of 
+Jupiter at Thebes, or Dio/polis ; and that of And era at Her- 
+munthis ; that of Proteus at Memphis, mentioned by Hero¬ 
+dotus ; and that of Minerva at Sais, which, as the fame 
+Author tells us, Amajis had taken great Pains to embellifh 
+with a Porch, which far furpafled in Grandeur and Mag¬ 
+nificence, all the Monuments which the Kings, hisPrede- 
+ceflbrs, had left; for the Egyptians loved ColoJ'al Figures, 
+not to mention Stones, that were hardly to be meafured 
+for their enormous Bignefs, which came moft of them 
+from EUpbantina, a Town at the Diftance of twenty Days 
+failing from Sais. I cannot forbear to take notice of a 
+Sort of Temple, the only one in its Kind, I mean that 
+Chapel of a Engle Stone, which the fame Amofs had 
+caufed to be cut out of the Quarries in the Upper Egypt , 
+and to be tranfported, with incredible Labour and Pains, as 
+far as Sais, where it was to be fet up in the Temple of 
+Minerva. Here is the Account given of it by Herodotus. 
+lt But what I admire more than all the other Works done 
+“ by Am a fid's Orders, fays that Author, he caufed to be 
+“ brought from Elephantina an Houfe made of a ftngle 
+“ Stone ; which two thoufand Men, all of them Pilots 
+** and Sailers, were not able to tranfport in lefs than 
+
+“ three 
+
+
+
+Uijiory of the Gods, tSoddefTefs, 259 
+
+' 6i three Years. The Frontof this Houfe was twenty one 
+“ Cubits, (that is, thirty one Feet and an half) by fourteen 
+
+in Breadth, and eight in Height; and within the Walls 
+“ five Cubits high, and eighteen in Length.” 
+
+This Houfe never entered the Temple of Minerva, but 
+was left at the Gate, whether Amajis was provoked to lee 
+the Architect, who conducted it, complain heavily of the 
+Labour this Work had coft him, or, becaufe one of them, 
+who had been addling to convey it along the Nile , was 
+cruflied to death, as the fame Hilton an relates. 
+
+Have you any Thing to fay of the Temple of 
+Diana at Ephe/us ? 
+
+A . This Temple of Diana at Ephcfus has pafled for one 
+of the feven Wonders of the World, and was of very great 
+Antiquity ; but at firft it was not fo magnificent as it’be¬ 
+came afterwards, lince, according to Pliny, Book xxxvi. 
+ch. 14. all AJia confpired, for two hundered Years, to 
+adorn and embellilh it. Pindar , in one of his Odes, fays, 
+it was built by the Amazons , when they were going to 
+make War upon the Athenians zin&Thefeus ; but Paufa - 
+mas, Bookvii. tells us, that one Crefus and Ephefus, who 
+built the City, were theFounders of it, and allures us, that 
+this great Poet was ignorant of the Antiquity of that 
+Temple; fince thofe very Amazons had come from the 
+Banks of Thermo don, to facrifice to Diana of the Ephejians , 
+in her Temple, with which they were acquainted, becaufe 
+fame time before, being defeated by Hercules , and ante¬ 
+cedently to him by Bacchus , they had fled thither for Re¬ 
+fuge, as into a San&uary. 
+
+Dionyjius, the Geographer, informs us, there was one 
+yet more antient, built by the fame Amazons , which re¬ 
+markably declared the Simplicity of the firft Ages, lince 
+it only conflfttd in a Niche, hollowed out of an Elm, 
+where was probably die Statue of Diana . That which £ 
+am going to fpeak of was not fo antient; but how mag¬ 
+nificent it was the following Defcription by Pliny will 
+ihew. It was built, fays he, in a marlhy Ground, to 
+fecure it from Earthquakes, and Openings of the Earth, 
+that fometimes happen there ; and that the Foundations 
+offuch a weighty Building might Hand lolid upon this 
+foft and fenny Ground, they firewed over-it a Quantity 
+of beaten Coals, and laid over them Sheep-Huns with. 
+
+their 
+
+
+
+Hijlory of the Gods, Goddefles, £sfa 
+
+their Wool on. This Temple, continues the fame Author, 
+was four hundred and twenty Feet long, and two hundred 
+.Feet broad. The hundered and twenty-feven Columns, 
+which fupported the Edifice, were placed there by fo 
+many Kings, and were each of them fixty Feet high. Of 
+thefe Pillars there were thirty fix beautifully carved, and 
+one of them by the famous The Architect, who 
+
+carried on this Work, was Cberjjpbrcv, or Cleflphon ; and 
+it is a Wonder how lie could place Architraves of fo pro¬ 
+digious a Weight. The Artifice which this fkilful 
+Workman made ufe of for this Purpofe was iingular ; he 
+had laid great Bags full of Sand on the Top of the 
+Columns, then, letting the Sand gently run out, the Aj- 
+chitraves came infenfibly to their proper Seat. Cberji- 
+phren found drill more Difficulty in placing a Stone, of a 
+much greater Weight, above the Temple-gate. Here it 
+might be expedled, that Pb'ay, if he was not informed of 
+the Thing, Ihould, at leaft, have thought upon a Way 
+how this immenfe Stone might have been placed; but, 
+inftead of that, he coldly relates a Vi/ion of the Architedl, 
+to whom Diana appeared, exhorting him to Courage j 
+and the next Morning, fays he, die Stone was feen to 
+defeend of its own accord, and fettle in the intended Situ¬ 
+ation. Atque it a pojlridie appar nit lapis , pondereque ip/a 
+correftus <videbatur . It is credible enough, that the Roof 
+of the Temple was made of Cedar-planks, as the fame 
+Author tells us ; biit, I don't know if we are to credit 
+what lie fays of the Stair, by which they went to the 
+very Top, that was made of a Tingle Vine-ftock. Neither 
+Cber/ipbrotty nor his Son Met agents, £ nifhed this fo grand 
+and magnificent a Work : Other Architects wrought at it; 
+and it was not entirely compleated till after a Period of 
+220 Years. The Riches of the Temple muft now have 
+been immenfe, fince fo many Kings contributed to em- 
+bellifh it, and lince nothing was more famous in all AJia 
+than this Fabrick, either for Devotion, or the infinite 
+Concourfe of People that reforted to Ephefus. The Ac¬ 
+count given by St. Paul, Adis xix. 24. of the Sedition 
+hatched by the Goid-fmiths of that City, who earned 
+their Living by making fmall Silver Statues of Dzana, 
+fhews us effectually how celebrated the- Wor/hip of that 
+Goddefs was. 
+
+
+It 
+
+
+
+IBfiory m of the Gods, Goddefles, &V. zSx 
+
+It is further probable, that the Defcription given by 
+Pliny refpe&s the Temple which was burnt by Erofira- 
+tus, in the Manner every body knows. For that which 
+fubfifted in his Time had been raifed by Cbeiromocrates , 
+the fame who built the Town of Alexandria, and who 
+propofed to cut Mount Atbos into a Statue of Alexander. 
+This laft Temple, which Strabo had feen, was not inferior 
+in Beauty and Riches to the former; and there were to 
+be feen the Works of the ableft Statuaries in Greece . 
+The Altar was wholly Paxiteles' s Workmanfhip. Xeno¬ 
+phon fpeaks of a Statue of mafiy Gold, whereof Herodotus, 
+who had vifitedthis Temple, fays nothing. Strabo allures 
+us likewife, that the Epbejians , in Gratitude, had erected 
+in the fame Place a Statue of Gold, in Honour of Arte - 
+midorus. Vitruvius tellf us, that this Temple, of the 
+Ionic Order, was dipetric, that is, that there went quite 
+round it two Ranges of Pillars, in form of a double Por- 
+tico j that it was feventy-one Toifes in Length, with 
+more than thirty-lix in Breadths and that there were 
+reckoned in it 127 Pillars of fixty Feet high. 
+
+This Temple was one of the mod celebrated Afylums, 
+which, according to the Author laft quoted, extended to 
+125 Feet of the adjacent Ground. Metbridates had con¬ 
+fined it to the Space of a Bow-fhot, Mark Antony doubled 
+that Extent: But Tiberius , to correft the Abufes that were 
+occafioned by thefe Sorts of Privileges, abolilhed this 
+Afylum. Nothing at this Day of fo ftately a Fabric is 
+remaining, but fome Ruins ; an Account whereof may be 
+feen in Spont's Voyage. 
+
+Q. Can you give a further Account of the Temples 
+and Chapels of Greece ? 
+
+A. Greece had fo great a Number of Temples, Chapels, 
+and Altars, that they occurred every where, in Cities, 
+Villages, and in the open Fields. To be convinced of 
+this one needs but to read the Antients, and efpecially 
+Paufaniasy who has applied himfelf particularly to de- 
+feribe them, and fpeaks of them in almoft every Page 
+of his Travels through Greece. Of all thefe Temples there 
+were four which Vitruvius efpecially admired ;. they were 
+built of Marble, and enriched with fuch fine Ornaments, 
+that they drew the Admiration of the ableft judges, and 
+v » cre become the Standard and Model of Buildings in the 
+
+three 
+
+
+
+a 6 z Hijtory of the Gods, Goddefles, £sV. 
+
+three Orders of Archite&ure, the Doriel-, the Ioistck , and 
+the Corinthian . The firft of- thefe fine Works was, the 
+Temple of Diana at Epbefhs , of which I have given the 
+JDefcription. The fecond, that of Apollo in the City of 
+Mile thus; both thefe of the Ionic k Order. This-cele¬ 
+brated Architect placed in the third Rank, the Temple of 
+Eleufiu ., built in Honour of Ceres and Projerpina, which 
+Idirius made of the Dbrisk Order, of fo wide Extent, that 
+it was capable of containing thirty thoufand Souls ; for 
+there were, at leaft, fo many, and oftentimes more, at 
+the Celebration of the Myfteries of thofe two Goddefles j 
+fee Herodotus , Book viii. ch. 65. and Strabo, Book ix. 
+Page 365. At firft, as Virtru*vius remarks, this Temple had 
+no Columns on the Outfide, to have more Room and 
+Scope for the religious Ceremonies that were performed 
+at the Sacrifices; but Philo afterwards added to it a^mag- 
+nificent Portico. The fourth, was the Temple of Ju¬ 
+piter Olytnpius, at Athens, of the Corinthian Order : It had 
+attfirft been began by Pijiftratus ; but the Broils that fol¬ 
+lowed upon his Death left the Work unfinifhed for near 
+three hundred Years, till at Jail Antioch Epip haves, King 
+of Syria, undertook the Expence neceflary for iinifhing 
+the Nave, which was very large, and the Columns of the 
+Portico. Cojfutius , a Roman Citizen, and fkilfuL-Ar- 
+chiteft, was chofen for the Execution of this great Work j 
+and he fucceeded in it fo well, that there were few Edi¬ 
+fices equal to it in Grandeur and Magnificence. The 
+Temple of Jupiter Olytnpius, at Athens , whereof Li bee, 
+a Native of the Country, was Architect, was of the Dortch 
+Order, and on the Outfide was furrounded with Columns, 
+infomuch, that the Place where it was built formed a 
+{lately Periflyle. In this- Fabrick they made ufe of the 
+Stones of the Country, which, however, were of a fin- 
+gulai- Nature, and exquifite Beauty. The Height of the 
+Temple, from the-Area to the Roof, was fixty-eight Feet, 
+its Breadth ninty-five, and its Length two hundred and 
+thirty: The Roof was not of Tiles, but of fine pentelick 
+Marble, cut in the Form of Tiles : From the- Middle of 
+the Roof hung a gilded Viftory, and under his Statue a 
+golden Shield, on which was reprefented Medufa 's Head j 
+and at each Extremity of the fame Roof hung two gilded 
+Kettles ; on the Outfide above the Columns a Rope went 
+round the Temple, to which were faftened- twenty-one 
+
+
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, Goddeflcs, &c. 2 6^ 
+
+gilt Bucklers, confecrated to Jupitur by Mumtntus ., after 
+the Sacking of Corinth .. Upon the Pediment, in the Front,, 
+was reprefented with exquifite Art the Chariot-race be¬ 
+tween Pelops and Oenomaus and his Wife Ster ope, * one, of 
+the Daughters of Atlas; the Chariot with fourHorfes, and. 
+Myrtillus the Charioteer .of OenatnauswexQ, upon the. Right-, 
+hand of the-Qofi-• Pelops ,, Hippcdamia, and the Charioteer^ 
+with his Horfes; were- ontkeLeft. All thefe Figures 
+were done by P.aanius, a<Native : ;of Thrace. The hack 
+Pediment, the* Work of Alc^nenes, the r bed Statuary, ia. 
+his Time. next.to Phidias, reprefented the.Battle of-.the’ 
+Centaurs with the Lapitha,. at the Marriage, of Perithouse, 
+A grcat-Part of-Hercules's Labours were reprefented. upon- 
+the Iniide of. this Fabrick, and upon the Gates, which, 
+were all of Brafs, were to be feen, among other Things, 
+the Hunting of the Boar of Etymanthus, and the. Exploitsof 
+the fame ■ Hercules - againft Diamedes, King .of Thrace, Ge- 
+ryon , See. In - fine, : there were two Ranges of Columns,, 
+Supporting two Galleries raifed exceeding high, under 
+which was the Way chat led to Jupiter -s Throne. This 
+Throne and the Statues of the Gods we re Phi dial's Mailer- 
+piece i and Antiquity produced nothing fo magnificent nor. 
+fo finiflied. The Statue of an immenfe Height was of 
+Gold and Ivory, fo artificially blended, that it could not 
+be belield but with Aftoniffiment. The God wore upon 
+his Head a Crown, which refembled the. Olive-leaf to 
+Perfe&ion j in his Right-hand he held a Vi&ory likewife 
+of Gold and Ivory, and in his Left a Sceptre of exquifite 
+Tafle, refulgent with all Sorts of Metals, and fuppordng 
+an Eagle. The Shoes and Mantle of the God were of 
+Gold 3 and upon the Mantle were all Sorts of Animals 
+and Flowers engraved. The Throne was all fparkling 
+with Gold .and .precious Stones. The Ivory and Ebony,. 
+the Animals there reprefented, and feveral other Orna-. 
+ments by their Affemblage formed a delightful Variety.. 
+At the four Corners of the. Throne were many Victories, 
+that feemed to be joining Hands for a Dance, befides 
+two others that were at Jupiter's Feet- The Feet of the 
+Throne, on the Forefide, were, adorned with Sphinxes, 
+who were plucking the tender -Infants from the Bofom 
+of the Theban Mothers j and underneath were to.be feen, 
+Apollo and Diana, wounding Niobc's Children to death 
+with their Arrows. Four Crofs-bars that were at tie 
+
+Fea 
+
+
+
+$64 Hiftory of the Gods, Goddefles,. &C\ 
+
+Feet of the Throne, and went from one End to the other, 
+were adorned with a great Number * of Figures extremely 
+beautiful ; upon one were reprefented feven Conquerors 
+at the Olimpic Games; upon another appeared. 'Hercules 
+ready to engage with the j 4 maz.ons y and the Number of 
+Combats on either Side was twenty-nine. Befides.the 
+Feet of the Throne, there were likewife Pillars to fup- 
+port it. In fine, a great Balluftrade, painted and adorn¬ 
+ed with Figures, railed in the whole Work. Pan&us, an 
+able Painter of that Time, had reprefented there, with 
+inimitable Art,- jitlas bearing the Heavens upon his 
+Shoulders, and Hercules , in an Attitude (looping, to eafe 
+him of his Load 5 'Ihefeus and Peritbous, the Combat of 
+Hercules , with the Lion of Nemea, uijax offering Violence 
+to Cajfandra , Hippodamia with her Mother, Prometheus 
+in Chains, and a thoufand other Subjects of fabulous Hif- 
+tOry. In the mod elevated Place of the Throne; above 
+the Head of the God, were the Graces and Hours/v 0 f 
+each three in Number. • The Pedeftal, which fupported 
+this Pile, was equally adorned with the reft. There Phi¬ 
+dias had ingraved upon Gold, on the one Side, the Sun 
+guiding his Chariot ;*• on the other, Jupiter and Juno, the 
+Graces, Mercury and Vefia. There Venus appeared riiing 
+out of the Bofom of the Sea, and Cupid receiving her, 
+while Pitbo, or the Goddefs of Perfuafion, was prefenting 
+her with a Crown. There alfo appeared dpollo and Dia- 
+71 a, Minerva, and Hercules. At the Bottom of the Pedef¬ 
+tal you might have feen A'mphitrite and Neptune, and Diana , 
+or the Moon, who appeared mounted on Horfe-back. In 
+fine, a Woollen Veil, of purple Dye and magnificently 
+embroidered, the Prefent of King Jntiochus , hung from 
+top to bottom. I fay nothing of the other Ornaments 
+of this noble Structure, nor of the Pavement which was 
+of the fineft Marble, nor of the Prefents confecrated to the 
+God by feveral Princes, nor of the prodigious Number of 
+Statues that were in the Temple, as well as in the Neigh* 
+bourhood of it. For all thefe Paufanias may be confulted, 
+from whom I have taken this Difcriptio'n. I* only add, 
+that, in order to judge of the Greatnefs of Jupiter y s Statue, 
+about which the Antients are‘not agreed, it is fufficient to 
+obferve, that the Throne and Statue reached from the 
+Pavement to the Roof, whofe Elevation I have marked. 
+It will readily be granted, that a Work of fuch a Nature, 
+
+
+
+Hijtory of the Gods, Godaeffrs, &~c. 265 
+
+of To prodigious an Extent, of fo conliderable an Height, 
+where Gold blended with Ebony and Ivory, call a dazzling 
+Splendor, where fo many Figures, Bas-reliefs, and Paint¬ 
+ings were to be feen, the Whole done by the beft Mailers, 
+could not fail to have a very delightful Effect upon thofe 
+who entered into the Temple. We mull not forget, tliat 
+the Edifice was of the Dorick Order, the molt antient. of 
+all the Orders in Architecture, and at the fame time the 
+moft fuitable to Works of Grandeur. 
+
+What was-the Structure and Form of the Temple 
+
+of Apollo at Delphi ? 
+
+A. If the Temple of Apollo at Delphi was not fo mag¬ 
+nificent in its Structure as that I have been defcribing, it 
+was a great deal richer in immenfe Prefents that were fent 
+to it from every Quarter: I fay richer, if indeed it be 
+poflible to ellimate the Mailer-piece of Phidias. At firifc 
+the Temple of Delphi was of very little Confideration. 
+
+A Cavern, whence ilfued certain Exhalations, that in¬ 
+filled Vivacity and a Sort of Enthufiafm into thofe who 
+approached it, having made People believe there was 
+fomething in it divine, an Oracle was founded in .this 
+Place ; the Concourfe, which this pretended Miracle drew, 
+obliged the neighbouring Inhabitants to confecrate the 
+Place ; and they firli built there a Chapel, or rather a 
+Hut made of Laurel-boughs. They gave out, adds Pau- . 
+Conics* that the Bees raifed a fecond Chapel there, which 
+was of Wax ; and that Apollo fent it to the Hyper here mss. 
+
+It is cafy to fee, that this is a mere Fable, which 1 have 
+explained in the Oracle of DJphi, and Ps.ufumas judges 
+of it the fame way. The third Temple of Delphi- was 
+built of Brafs ; which needs not feera very furprifing* as 
+the Author remarks, whom I have now quoted, and 
+whom I tranferibe aim oil Word for Word ; fince Acrijiu 
+King of Argos> caufed an Apartment to be made of Brafs,- 
+to fiiut up in it his Daughter Dasm'e - y and in his (Pdufa- 
+7/ios's) Time was Hill extant at Sparta the Tern pi e • or Mi ner- • 
+*■vtiCbalciaecos , fo called, bccaufe it was wholly of Brafs. But 
+that this Temple had been built by yulccm is what Pan - 
+fanieis fays he did not.believe ; nor that there were upon 
+the Cielings golden Virgins, who fung charmingly, as 
+Pindar had imagined, in imitation, no doubt, of the Sirc?is 
+
+N in 
+
+
+
+q.66 I lift ory of th z G ods,. Goddefies, , 
+
+in ‘firmer. ’The Antients were not agreed about the ^Tan¬ 
+ner how this Temple was' deflrOyed : Softie-laid 1 th'e^Edrth. 
+had opened and fwallovved it .up; other's^ that, ic hkving 1 
+taken-fere,-the Brads whereof it was made melted doWn. 
+The : Temple 'was built a fourth time of Stone, ahd hhd' 
+for its Architefts Agamcdes and Gropbomuf.'' This Edifice * 
+was burnt down to the Ground the firft Year of t]ie;fifty- !1 
+ci ghth Olympia#. '■ The •: lad, hi fine,- 1 which was-'febfifHtig “ > 
+iti RaufnniaRs Time, and which Excelled the r£fif in-Grah-'-’ 
+deur and Riches, was built by the Direfricfn bf’the jtfrr -* 1 
+pkidtones , that is, the general Council of Greece , with the 
+Money which the People had confederated for that Ufe. 
+
+Although we have not a particular Defcriptioh of this- ’ 
+kilt Temple, it is eafy to judge of its Extent, arid of. the T 
+immenfe Riches it contained, from the Concern which fo ’ 
+many Rings and whole Nations had to fehd'PfCfen'ts^to itf. 
+Few or none came to* confult' the Oracle * of 'Apollo 1 ' 
+who was there but either came or ferit to it ?■)• withodrt*'• 
+
+^ ^ And of thefe Of¬ 
+
+ferings ""there mult needs have been an infinite Number j' r 
+fence, although this Temple had been pillaged feveral 
+times, as may be feen in the Author whom I am copying, : 
+Nt ro- carried off from it five hundred Statues all of Brads,’ 
+partly of the Gods, and partly illuftrious Men. 
+
+• • ' * . *■' i' ’ 
+
+9 9 
+
+_ <■> 
+
+Defcribe to me fome of the antient Temples of - 
+Rowe, particularly that of the Pantheon. v 
+
+A. Rome and Italy abounded with Temples as much as 
+Greece . They were to be met with every where ; and 
+feVeral x>f them remarkable,- either for their Singularity 
+or Magnih^cnce. Among the moft •elegant we 1 afe to 
+
+
+bringing fome Offerings to the God 
+
+
+
+nor more ,fol idly built than the great ; Pantheon J com^ 
+monly called theRotunda, fence it fubfifts at this Day- efttSri?,*'- • 
+under the Name <of the Church of AHSaintr, to : whom ■it- -'' 
+is cQnfecrated, - as ip Pagam/m it \vaS-to alltherGods ; T ;/ 
+chuie. ip give the Deferiptiomof io inprcferettc^ fo&thterifT' 1 1 
+The-Xlraughjtofiit may be, feenin the fecorid ; 
+
+Mont faicon^ Antiquity, whahas takbn-th^T&ri d£ ; 
+from Serlio, and the-Profile-from JLa/ren. T 05 
+
+The - 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+V > 
+
+* ► 
+
+
+ft . » ' 
+
+* , I - 
+
+Hijlory of. the Gods,, GoddeflfS, &-V- 
+
+I » J # V *. x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
+
+The.m;ofocQmmQn Opinion is; that if was built \'by thd r 
+Direction - and , at the Expence ofufgrjppa^ '.Azegufius^^aw^ 
+
+in-lajyj though there are Authors-who maintain,‘that it 
+was before his Time, and that he only ’repairdd’it, and : 
+made [an .Addition to it of. that fine Portico,•:which'is * 
+there, itilji; ; to. be, feen. ; This. great F a brick,- which re- - 
+ceiyes, bright only, from an Hole . in tlfe Middle' of thfe f 
+Doine> ip. ingeniouily contrived, that the whole is ftrffi- 
+ciently lighted; by it* is of a round* Figure ; che Architeft, 
+it feems, defigning to imitate the Figure of the World/ as - 
+is to be remarked in a great many other Temples of the 
+earUeft Antiquity* This,. at- leaft, is Plhty's Opinion ; 
+Quad forma . ejus convex a fajligiatum Cceli Jimilittldinent ' 
+
+o/leqJcr#*.’. 
+
+The -Poiftiep!,' i the Work of ^grippn, more beautiful ana • 
+more furpriftng than the Temple itfelf, is compofed of 
+iixteeiy Columns of grand Marble, each one fingle Stone. 
+Thefe Columns are five Feet in Diameter, and abovfc’ 
+feven. and thirty Feet high, without including the Bafe 
+and Chapiter. Of thefe iixteen. Columns there are eight: 
+in the,Front,,-and as many behind them, all of the Co*- 
+riittbian Order. As in the Time of Pope 'Eugenius 1 there? 
+was found near ’this Edifice a Part of jigrifpah Head’ in? 1 
+Brafs, an Horfe’s Foot, and a Piece of aWhcel of the 
+fame Metal*, it would feem that this great Man had him- 
+felf been reprefented in Brafs upon this Portico, riding 
+
+in a Chariot with four Horfcs. 
+
+% 
+
+When I faid that this Temple is fubfifting entire at this’ 
+Day, I would be -understood to 1 mean. the Body of the 
+Work, -raifed on- fo folid Foundatiansp-that nothing . has 
+been able to-moya it. -- And no Wonder; for, adebirdih^ 
+to a Rofftati: Atchficeft, whofe Manufoript is in'F . Mob?^ * 
+fa neon's Hands, .thefe : Foundations : were- a Mafs ’ : not ; 
+only extending, itfelfj^nder the • whole -Edifice, r, Bht 
+alfo a-great ,w;iy .beyond; its Walls* As- for the ^maghi- 1 * ‘ 
+sat ^orks^j tie Statues, and --other prerfOusThmgs* of’ 
+Lich itoWa&Hfull^ tfaefe tfu® a&.gon^ to wr eekV—THb'' 
+
+
+
+Urban the 
+Metal, to 
+
+Pieces pf Artillery, which are in the Caftle of Sr. Jjtgclc. 
+The Statues of the Gods, that were in the Niches, that 
+
+N 2 are 
+
+
+
+268 Hifiory .of the Gods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+arc Hill to be feen within die Temple, have either bees 
+pillaged, or buried under the Ground 1 ; nor is it very 
+long ago fmee, in digging near the Edifice, 1 they Toiind 
+firit a Lion of Bafalt,'which is -a finfe Egjptia/r'WUi'rble-; 
+imd then another, which ferved for Ornaments to the 
+Fountain'of Sexrvs the Fifth; not to mention a Idrge ; beau¬ 
+tiful • Vale- of Porphyry, that was placed" by the Portico. 
+In general this Fabric or Edifice was exceeding 1 mag¬ 
+nificent, perfectly well ; built, in juft Proportions, arid ‘it 
+ft ill make's one of the fair eft Ornaments oi Rofke: 
+
+
+•' . ■ > 
+
+
+9 * « 
+
+Since you have fpoke of Temples, tell me fbihe- 
+thing of Altars. ■ j 
+
+A* 'Without infilling upon the Etymology of tire Wdrcl 
+MtavcS a Name which we commonly'reckon’to haVeWA 
+given to Altars, becaufe they are high built j-'we^ fey* viflth 
+Semius upon the fifth Eclogue of Firgil, that the "Ahti&rfs 
+made fame Diftinftion between Hltnrea.nd A'ra ; for, al¬ 
+though the laft was equally ufed, either in fpeaking'oftffe 
+eeleftial or infernal Gods, yet the Word ; HI tare \Fas pecu¬ 
+liarly fet apart to denote the Altars of the fotmef 1 ; 
+tttuS) inquit y aras Oils ej/r Ruperts et infer nix cjft { c6rrfea‘aYtrx, 
+
+
+/> It aria vero effe Juperiorum tan turn Dcortcm-- T j his ;; 'vvtts 
+
+Servius's Diftin&ion, though fome Authors, add another, 
+and fay, that to the celeftial Gods Sacrifices were,offered 
+upon Altars; to the terreftrial Gods upon the Earth it- 
+felf; and to the infernal ones in Holes t to"the Nymphs 
+"Vidlims were offered in Dens and Caverns. 
+
+The Antiquity of Altars is : not to be 1 cailed f fn qtreftiQn : 
+No doubt it-was prior to the Building-ofTijmpIe^i 3 A'ot 
+only among the Patriarchs, daut among, the-PagaA£_too. 
+And. as the luperftitious Pagan Worflnp commenced in 
+Egypty as has been {aid, this"is probably the Country 
+where the firft Altars were ere&ed V accordingly this.js 
+the Opinion of Herodotus, artd of C&'liUi Rhodiginus his 
+different.Readings, Book -xvii vSimplicity'having always 
+been a, ConcpmitantciOf TJfages a merely invented 5 fit 1 is 
+
+* i * » . | ^ 1 /• /> 4.1__ -1 * _ 1 f x , /• 1 | rr r 
+
+
+gratninitv , or rough .Stones,', andAldolatersf atbifiril 
+imitated that fimple Manner of railing Altars, which; was 
+ufed by Noah, and the other primitive Patriarchs ; but in 
+latter Times Altars came to be quite changed, Tioth in 
+
+Matter 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+, ^ ) * 
+
+Hijiory of the Gods, GoddeiTes, £s?c. .269 
+
+» ' ♦ 
+
+Matter and Form. Accordingly,.. P,;gunlfn had of them 
+feverai Forms, foar-fquare, lopg^fcjuare, rounds trian¬ 
+gular ; rks of different Materials,. .of Stone’, Marble, JBrafs, 
+and of Gold, itfejfat- leafi: -H* rcJvtus, -Bcfok i, fayS.'fo,;of 
+thd.jTab^ (that: wa$ ; in the Temple ; oi B,'/us Babylon. 
+P iiupjjii as, # b fe- Vjes„ j;hat : ;fomq, ; f)f vthqir* were Wood,fiJhit 
+that. it, w3?-..rhi:e, to find any. of that .Sort. That of y.upifaj- 
+Olympic ,)yas s nothing,, but an : Heap of. Allies, . others 
+were but.a mere, Collection of Horns of different A aim uls: 
+lnmimeris objlntttam de. cor ni bus aro.in, as Ovid fpeaks. 
+£uJUdkic\s;\ upon the eighth Book of the Iliad,, mentions 
+this Altar, and fays it was at Ephcfus , and that Apollo had 
+huil^ it ,of. the Bulla Horns which Diana had : killed in 
+hunting-, .Mofs- fpeaks, ( often of the Horns of the Altar, 
+but, in> .another Senfe,. meaning nothing thereby but their 
+Corners.. 
+
+. The great Veneration for Altars introduced the Cuff 
+tom of.having reconrfe to.them, upon everyOccaiion. 
+There they, (truck, up Alliances, Treaties of Peace and 
+Reconciliations,. Marriages, &c. Vilgil , fo knowing, m 
+the Caroms .of ,his .Country, fliall be our firft Author, for 
+what concerns, die Treaties of Peace. 
+
+
+" • Ptfi tzdem , interfr'pafto certamine, reges 
+Armaii Jovis ante aras, patcrafque tenentsi y 
+Stab ant, & cafa firmabr.nt feed era porca. 
+
+; . • ^Eneid. lib, viif. 
+
+;. . t ~ * 1 * • .. • '; * • , • - -«1 . .•: r 
+
+The , fa^nq .Authorreprefonts Alness tiius;complaining 
+of the lnfringmentiof the Peace: by the Rutuli: :< nob :/A 
+
+■ Multa fev'em^ iT &* Icefi' left a tit r ftzilefW drift i f 1 b s ' ! '‘ 
+
+V - 1 l 1 -' 1 - ul - r r - \ 
+
+Stilus It aliens, taxing the Cart b(* limans, with- tli.eir Trea- 
+,cherj/, J jn':kl?e Trgatie^th^ ‘ ]iad,.made ; with,"l^e kam^iu, 
+fpealung of *e fajae Cuflom: .... , u ... .;> 
+
+. , i$ed pacisifrcian^ .• pollutas feeder ls areu r : . &e: < . l . : > 
+
+
+made. hetwe&tinjE*ft?s arid !*&&&?. 0 j 10 . y.-» •* 
+
+tydipfqiu : lgnes. } &yiwpiatcflor 7 . 
+Nulla dies pacem banc It a Us ^ nee feeder a rumpet, 
+res cunque cadenet . 
+
+N 3 ' And 
+
+
+
+2^0 liijio?y of the Gods, Goddefies, &e. 
+
+And 'Juj-jenali Satire xiii. ' 
+
+‘ jftque adeo Intrepide qua: cunquc alt aria tangunt. 
+
+» * 4 • B * 
+
+As ;Men have always been .too ready to play fall and 
+loofe with one another, not thinking themlelves, fecure 
+enough fey. Treaties of Peace and Alliances, made; in, face 
+of the Altars, they added to the {acred Tye of " an Oath, 
+which was taken by the Party, laying his Hand upon ’ the 
+Altar, (fee Lucian in Jeve Trag#do) as we at this Day 
+on like .Occafions make ufe of the Holy Gofpel. Magi* 
+ilrates,, before they entered upon Offices, of Judicature, 
+like wife took an Oath at the Altar of Themis. St \'Am- 
+
+* f ^ 
+
+brvs informs us, in Iris third Epiftle, of this. Cuftora, 
+where he exhorts Vahntinian the Emperor, not to “give 
+Orders for repairing of the Altars of that Goddefs, wmch 
+was ruinous. , i 
+
+. As for the Marriages that were folemnized in face of 
+the Altars, efpecially of Juno, or Larina , F. Berthatd may 
+he confulte'd, who brings many Authorities for the Proof 
+of it, and. fome Examples xo confirm it. Laftly, .it,was 
+nigh the Altars.that they kept public Entertainments,;.as 
+may. be feen in fevers!. Places of Virgil, fuch as Georges, 
+Book' iv. JEncid, B ook viii. &c. and in divers other 
+Authors., • , 
+
+
+_ ‘ • t 
+
+^.You havc.fpoke of the Temples and Attars, what 
+
+do-you fay of,the facred Groves ? .• 
+
+s/. Befides the Temples, ■. Chapels, Lararies* A{tars» 
+Paganijm had alfo other Places devoted to the-Serviceof 
+tjie Gods- ,Thpfe were the confecxated,G;-^oj r the In- 
+flitution. of which is fo antient, that it is even thought to 
+have been antecedent to that ofTemples and Altars. ,^Vs 
+the "Romans called- thefe Groves Luci 9 Servius thinks 
+they got .that. Name, becaufe they kindled Eire to let the 
+My fieri es he feen that were there celebrated. Luci a lu- 
+,Ktf(k ? £oL\ whether, ,(?ts was probably .their Way at firfi:) 
+
+•.*¥**& Woo^is, -with-which 
+r ev^ry,_,Place;was.antiectly fumifhed, .or planted.theta, on 
+^urpofe,‘ ; aS)\yas. ^qhe.dn. later Times,, they, were!always 
+!u^.th : icked.feoyes of ,pieir Kind, Flaces.dark,and. gloomy, 
+impenetrable .even.to the Sun-beams. It was in thefe 
+dark Retreats, .aptvto overcafl the Mind with. I know not 
+whin Horror, that the firil Myftcries of Pagan'ifm- were 
+
+cele- 
+
+
+♦ F ' 
+
+
+
+tiifiary of the Gods, God defies, £sfr. '271 
+
+celebrated. Here it was our antient Druids 'affertlbled, 
+who got there very Names frpm the. Oaks which they 
+frequented. It appears however to havebeen.the Opi- 
+- nion of the Antients, that thefe Groves, at/firlt’cbnle- 
+crated to T.ueinr , who was the fame with Diana and £/r>- 
+eate, hid beervfo called from th'e .Name erf that G&ddefs. 
+See the Scholiaft on the fourth Book of th sThclald of 
+tins. Hornet 's' Art of Pcetr\ , Virgil 's ALneid,. Bookvi. 
+
+The Ufe of the facred Groves, for the’Celebration'of 
+Myfleries, is of very great Antiquity,' and perh aps of all 
+others the mod univerfal. At firft there were in thefe 
+Groves neither Temples ‘ nor Altar.r’; * they wefe ftmple 
+
+• Retreats, to which there was no Acccfs for f the Profane ; 
+that is, fucli as were not devoted to the Service'of*'t)ie 
+Gods. : ' Afterwards they built Chapels • and Temples ia 
+them, and even, to preferve fo antient a Cuftom, they 
+took care, whenever it was in their Power, to plant 
+
+• Groves round the Temples and Altars, to inclofcthem 
+with Walls, Hedges, and Bitches ; and' theferferoves 
+were not only confecrated to the Gdd^* in Hbndiir'of 
+•wtroml 'the Temples'in tile Centers of them? -had 4 &en 
+
+• built, but they were themfelves a'Place 1 of Shh&hary'ibr 
+Cfirtdtials, whdfled thither for Refuge. • 
+
+Mojis to hinder the Hebrews, too prone to miftafed'the 
+idolatrous. Practice of the People about them,.from fol¬ 
+lowing'this pernicious Cuftom, 'forbids : them to plant 
+Groves about the Altars of the true .God, 1 
+
+
+Thou fit celt' not iL.nt thee, d Grove of any Trees‘nedy unto,the 
+
+Altdr J f : the 'Lord 1 thy God,' n.\?hich"thcU r Jhdlt'‘xArrUe 1 itPtfcec . 
+Tvr-i.-.! i— 
+
+
+Nay \ every time' this facrcd Legiflator ‘■comrritfnds’ the 
+Jews to deftrby'Idols, he orders them’ at'thd^mb'Tifne 
+
+
+to cut down the hallowed Groves, Ex 4 odds ‘ xxxrV.‘13. 
+But ye /ball defray ' their Altars , break their Iht'jgcs,' and but 
+down their Graves ; and in another ¥\&cd,'Deut. xii;:3. 
+Andye/hall overthrow their Altai's, and bt i eak‘their J Pjlldrs 9 
+and bum 'their Groft/es ni/ith Firei T he ; dame' Orderswere 
+renewed'to Sidedh, arid the "Prophets-' : 'always' : fpbak- ^th 
+IndigriatSoriof the Songs r of Jfddh-ysr&djVdit, WHd Sad 
+a Cuftomoflacrificiny in'tjie tonfefcrated' Gloves : The 
+Jtws Were- fo prone To-imitate the’ idbH&roiis' Nations in 
+this, that one of their Kings xatfied^tlh; ’fitrplet^fo : far, 
+as to plant at Jerusalem one of ‘ tKHe* Grbvfes, Which 
+Jcjias cut down, and buried' in the Valley of“ Kidron, 
+
+N 4 2 Kings 
+
+
+
+Q.y2j Hificry of "the Gods, Goddefles y Gfc, 
+
+z -Kin?' 6 . And he brought cut the Grave - from the 
+
+Hovfe'of‘the-Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the Brook- Ki- 
+dron, ct?id jlainpt it to /mail Powder , andcaft the Powder 
+thereof upon-the Graves of the Children of the People. .-'The 
+RaHrns - add*- that - the Jews -were not permitted to^enter 
+thefe- Ordv«, : fo ‘cut ■ a Tlree* o£ j 'the mTor^herrXT" to 
+reff'under their-Shade, ■ toeat : 'the -EggS } ‘Or- th^tinh^Bihds 
+rhat r neiHed there, nor to take the dead Wood, *nay, -nor 
+to eat the Bread that had been baked with that wood* 1 
+v.pon which, the Curious may confult 'SeJden, die Jure Nafio• 
+numis Gentium , Lib. ii. cap. 6. : * ‘ f < 
+
+
+£>. Tell me fomething of the San 8 uarics , -dr 
+A. The Temples, Altars, 'and -facred Groves; having 
+been among the Papons Places of Refuge for Criminals, 
+I muft explain wherein this Right of Afylun confifted, 
+what were the Privileges belonging to it, and whence^he 
+Origin of the Thing was derived.' 
+
+From the Time that Men began to devote Places to the 
+Worfhip of the Gods, there to acknowledge them in' an 
+authentic and folcmn Manner as their Lords, and fove- 
+reigri Difpofers of their Deftiny, and to conceive hope ?of 
+being aided by them, they believed them to be there pre- 
+fent m a peculiar-Manner ; and hence, that theyr might 
+notfeem inexorable towards others, while they. wereTup- 
+plicating the Gods to be propitious to themfelves-,. it.’is 
+highly credible, that they looked upon thefe facr6d Places, 
+whither the Guilty had repaired as Sanctuaries-^invio¬ 
+lable. - ‘‘ ' ! ‘ • .Vi:,- ' 
+
+The Tabernacle and Temple of -Jcrufahik. were Places 
+of Refuge, anddoubtlefs the fiift Altaisirdlfedi by. the Pa¬ 
+triarchs were fo too, fmee Mofiz excludes Murderers^ 1 who 
+hed for 'Refuge to thofe he himfelf fet up.' The CitieSjof 
+Refuge, appointed by Mcfes ^.ndjojuah, were likewife 
+Afylesy Numb.^ xxxv. 6: And among the Cities, which,ye 
+J/.'&U give*unto-the Levites ,;there fall be Cities for. Rfugc, 
+n vhiehfe \ fall ^appoint fad- thr< Meat flay cry '.that\bd> may.fly 
+thither v Atid to('. them ■>ye tf.niii add{fco~iy .aiidj'wasGbtftL 
+Deuteronomy iv. 41, 42. Then Mofes fi vered tkre&fdUl'ts 
+on this fide Jordan, towards the Sun-rifing , that the Slayer 
+might flee thrthfn nvhi chjhCuld kill hi*.'Neighbour; uhhwdrcs, 
+end hated him not dn Time pajhi and th'at^i fyingntrdo one of 
+thefe . Cities, he jsdght li<vc. ) ofhiia, ./ch, /SXw r. 3 «s / 6' pea* 
+
+t*> 
+
+
+
+
+I-Iijivry'of, the. .Gods, Gtoddeffes,. &ct 273 
+
+
+to. the Children of Ifrael, faying,- appoint, out fpryouCititsiof 
+Refuge, <: ^hereof ,1 fpake u\ito : you by the Piand c/' Moics, 
+that the Slayer Jbat killetb . pity P erf on unaware;* .and un¬ 
+willingly,. may fy thither^ andJtheyjhallheyour Refuge from 
+the Jvevitripf. Bhof : Paganism, whic^ ; .iinit^d. xnauy 
+of. th^Xttftrtms;, o£ Qpfh Popple,, fjjQm t^er^ 
+had.; likewfe.'.; taken this .-of propitiating- fjyla* ■ .;We : 
+know. (zQTi\rPdufamay\^ his Bcnotia,% thaLCadnuis g^^nted 
+itto £& City or Citadel, which he built in, Boetia j ; and 
+it ia probable* as . Simon remarks, that : this Prince, a 
+Native of Phenicia, and irr the Neighbourhood of Pala- 
+fine, having learned how much the Confluence of Cri¬ 
+minals and Debtors, into the Jcwijh Cities.of .Refuge, had 
+been of tJfe to that People,, had i*fed the fame Means to 
+draw Inhabirants : into his. TJjrfeus for Athens, and Romur 
+lusAo r. hia new City, had recourfe to the fame Piece of 
+Policy. If .we believe Plutarch in .the Life of-. Thifiju* 
+Diodorus Siculus, in the Life of Romulus, allures us,-that 
+Cybclc founded nn Afylein San.atbracja. . . • j. o’.b. 
+
+‘ Thus the Afyles were properly for involuntary d^eUa- 
+qucncies. for thofe who were opprefled by an unjuiVpower-j 
+for . Slaves ill-ufed by., cruel Matters, and .for, jflebtqr^ 
+who were injurioufly dealt with. But as the wifeftJnjftftiW 
+tionsr.are liable to he. abufed, even Grim.nals condensed 
+to Death found a fecure Sanctuary in the .Temple,of 
+Palius at Laccdcmon ; Bankrupts in . that> of .the fioddef? 
+Hr be at Phil us, and in that of Diana at Ephtfts, . ,' : . •. 
+
+It was mot only .Cities and Temples that, fervid, for 
+Sanctuaries; the facred Groves, die Altars, whe.*evett. 
+rhey were, thd.Statuds of the G ods,- tliofe :of ithe £nipc- 
+roVs r and the Tombs .of Heroes, ■ had the fame Privibage*; 
+arid it was enough for a Criminal to be widiinj uie Comr 
+pafe of thefe Groves, or to have embraced an Altar, .-or 
+the Statue-of- fome God, to be in perfect.Safety.. ..dicing 
+emee-within the Protection of an Afyle.the Criminal rcr 
+mained ^t the Feet of the Altar or Statue, andh^&his 
+ViCtaals'brought to. him, till he found .the Opportunity 
+of making , his ;Efcape,. or of > fatisfying the. offended 
+Party, ’ :■ •• •• ‘ “h T/ •• . *. v 
+
+* « »* ' • • *. » it ^ • t' ‘ 1 1• f % « 4 f 
+
+• •« - * • ' \ . «*»**•* *.« * » 
+
+SjK- How came STertmnur- to.be made^i God ? ^ ? .. >. 
+
+A. If the. Boundaries which fepdrate- the . Fields had 
+always; been facred. Laws and B.eligion jieeded hot to 
+♦. - N 5 have 
+
+
+
+274 HiJicry cf the Go ds, Goddeflfes, &c. 
+
+have lent--dieir \Affiftince again 11 ; thofe who e'ncron di¬ 
+ed upon' them. The Golden Age, whereof the Poets 
+fpcqk; fo ..much; - that happy Time' when alt Goods 
+were "common, - was .but a Period of lhort Deration?. and 
+
+
+
+what belonged to others : Hence the' 1 "Origin.. bP thefe 
+boundaries, which the Laws obliged every Particulat to 
+iix to the Ground he poUe/Ted. If we may credit Virgil) 
+Cr/ ts herfelf, that famous LegiHatrefs, who did To much 
+Honour to the Culture of the Fields, and to Tillage, was 
+the rirft that founded the Law binding every Man to 
+bound his Grounds i Par tire limit e campum. However, 
+as the Laws, ellabliHied for the Security of the Land¬ 
+marks, were not a fufficient Curb to Avarice; Nrima per¬ 
+suaded the People, that there was a God the Protestor'of 
+the Land-marks, and an Avenger of Incroachments. He 
+even built aTemple to him upon the Tarpeian Mount. To 
+make the Suppolition more probable, he made this new 
+God to be reprefen ted under the Form of a Stone or 
+brock, as we learn from Tibullus, Eclogue, Booki. Ovid-, 
+-Book ii. • The God 'Terminus, however, Was re- 
+prefented afterwards .with an human Body', placed upon a 
+.pyramidical Land-mark. The Fcafl of this God was 
+called from his Name Terminals*, and was celebrated a- 
+bout^ the End of February , on the ilxth of the Kalends 
+
+Day public and private Sacrifices were 
+offered to him, but without any Effufion of Blood j the 
+w hole. Ceremony collided in-Libations of Wine, 'Millc, 
+Oifepngs of Fruits, and fonie jCakesof new Meal. * The 
+public Sacrifices were offered in the Temples, and the 
+others upon the Land-marks; the two ‘ Parties, • whofe 
+Lands, touched one another,- having on each Side adorned 
+the Boundary with a Garland, ofFeredtoit their Gifts, ae 
+we are. to Id by Ovist, F*Jh Book ii. 
+
+» f 1 t • j • ; 
+
+/ fiA u °X. “wzrfa dominide paru y - cDftnant t 
+; tibi r binaque liba'farUnt* ' ' -- - 
+
+•;Theh l chey'anoiii^d'it with Oil prepared .upon the verr 
+Spot, and• 'tOntlud^d .die^JpellivaL * Bbt. this .primi¬ 
+
+tive Simplicity lafted not tiding,, they -forgot Nmud's Law, 
+forbidding any animated Thing to he offered to the.God 
+
+Pro- 
+
+
+* * 
+
+
+
+TDji'cry of the Gods,. God defies, U?c*.. 275 
+
+# 
+
+Procedtqr- of .the Marches, whofe Worfhip was to be wholly 
+rural j and in After-times they Sacrificed- to him Ldmbs 
+and young Pigs, whereon the two Families of’thofe who 
+facrificed feafted near the. March, where they 1 Tung the 
+Pr£ifes f $f jshe Divinity, in whofe Name- they afiembkd. 
+
+iBook H. '.'-i 4.,i; 
+
+
+p 9 . r 
+
+
+♦ r^v 
+
+
+Cottvcniuni^ 'celebrantque dapes .njlcinia.fupphx^ 
+
+Et cqntant laudes^ tcrmine fanttoy tuas. ' 
+
+It was impoffible to make the M arches to be kept* with’ 
+more Aive, than by fuppofing the Sovereign of the'Gods 
+to be the Protestor of their Privileges.., 1 "" 
+
+
+» r 
+
+
+^ Who was Themis, and how came ihe tb b6 mdde a 
+Goddefs? 
+
+- A. Though Themis is accounted only an allegorical 
+Perfonage, whole Name, in the Hebrew Language,; Than, 
+imports. Perfect or Upright , and her pretended Marriage 
+with Jupiter is but an Emblem of Juftice, which pro¬ 
+duces La\vs, and regulates the Conditions of Men, yeti 
+take her to be a real Perfonage, and one of the principal 
+TUanidts.. HeJioiU in his Thejgony, who gives her Gene- 
+alogy, fays, ihe was the Daughter of Ceelus and Terr a, 
+or oi Uranus and Tit tea. “ Ferrer, fays he, by her Com- 
+** jnerce with Cashs, had Oceanus, who dwells deep in- 
+“ gulfed, and with him. Then, Creus, Hyperion, Jeipetus, 
+* c .Rhea, Themis, Mnemofyne, Pbezb:', Tcthys , and Sat urn A 
+\Vjhence we may fee, that ihe was older than$atar«> 1 and 
+Aunt fpiter, and hence the Fi&ion, of hdriprgtehded 
+Commerce.\yith that God, falls. to the ground, firiCe'lhe 
+was even, older than Sat urn, who was her Brother/ , 
+
+Themis diftinguiihed herfelf by her Prudence aha-Re- 
+gard to Juftice ; and, if we may rely upon Diodoriis, fee 
+was the Foundrefs of Divination, Sacrifices,. Che' Laws of 
+Religion, and whatever ferves to maintain Order nand 
+Peace among, them. No wonder then ; that fhe hai' always 
+been accounted the Goddefs of JuJFice ;dndthofe.PeifA ns » 
+ftiled from her Jhefmophylai 
+fmefs it’ fs tb 'pteferve the 
+
+Laws of huiiiim Society. 'Hence alio', it''comes,,;that 
+when Apollo'’ delivers Oracles, he is fajd [to do the\vffi ce 
+of Thems-, tecaufe’ Ihe is thc~ Irivehtrefs of Divina¬ 
+tion; 
+
+
+
+
+276 Hijior.y • of Ah e -Gods,- Go'ddefles,* 
+
+.Themis •had'for;her: Lota Part-of- Th tfitly ^ .and,*; ac¬ 
+cording to .the ; Pr a&ice-of tkofe-Times, the Office of.ad- 
+miniflratmg juftice 5 wherein >dhe. acquitted herfelf with 
+fo muchrlntegrity .and.^judgment, that fhe . was always 
+looked upon-afterwards ,as the Gbddefs:of Juftice,/ whofe 
+Natne^wtifi theiefare;given her. . As fhe.hadbeen addicted 
+to< Ailx eulogy’, .witli the;other TrtunSjr&x&yhticaxhG *tecy ex¬ 
+pert ior that Art of Prediction; • and after;her Death fhe 
+had a Temple where Oracles were deBverecU Owia's Me- 
+tumor* Book i. mentions, that which- fhe 'delivered ' up¬ 
+on 'Partu’J/usi at the Time of her grand Nephew Diuui* 
+lU ’s Deluge, which happened not till feveral Years after 
+that Princefs’s Death. 
+
+Q. When did Themis live, and who were Contempo¬ 
+raries with- her ? 
+
+A* Themis lived in the Year of the World.-249be¬ 
+fore Chrift 1507 Years, to which add 1750 makes 5257 
+Years‘fince her Time. Her Contemporaries were Mops, 
+the Rulipr and Law-giver of the Jfraditcs ; Pharaoh , King 
+of Egypf ; Mithra’cs, King of Babylon ; Ce crepe,.. King of 
+Athens ; Crotopus, King of A} gas ; Murat bus. King of 
+$icyon 5 Midas, King of Trey; Saturn 9 King of Crete ; 
+her Brother Jupiter, her Nephew with her jounger Bro¬ 
+ther Chiron , an excellent Phyfician, who taught EyvvUi* 
+pius PJiyfic, Apoh0 Mufic, and Hercules Aflronomy ; and 
+wasTuforto Achilles* No Poets, no Hihorians at . this 
+
+Tinie. 
+
+* ^ » 
+
+• f • % 
+
+t Qy Howwas Tit ora made a Goddefs ? 
+
+,A*y$it*a was oneoL the Wive6. of Ur caws,' and: had 
+eighteen Children, by him, who went. by .the.'Nairic .of 
+Titans % Aft^r their Mother-s Name. This Princefs-after 
+her L Dpath received divine Honours, and the.Earth was 
+called Terra after her Name, and the Heaven called Ca - 
+frj after, that of he r Hu/band. 
+
+p • # # • 
+
+# # § 4 » / A i « i ^ «« * « «. • « ^ * 
+
+How came tranquillity, or Quits, to be made aGod- 
+
+^ . v. r ** .... ‘ 
+
+« 
+
+i 
+
+Pc*ta.,poM(na f ^s ?we learn, from St. Augujlinc,. of .the City 
+<f Go'dy Book Pi v. .-.eft.. id.\ “ I, am furprized,. fays that 
+. h(?lyFather, that, when they attributed Divinity to every 
+
+Thing, 
+
+
+v;i 
+
+
+CJ&Sl.v-' Jiir. J .J.- ,1. .1 
+
+. t A: Tmnqviljity, toc.'Qpiis* the happy Eof Concord 
+ndv.Pr>05<flhad ?a!fo her "Temple at Rime* without the 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of.(be Gods,. Goddefies,-. 2 77 
+
+“ Thing,, aim oft to every . Movement? iiniLibuilt Tern- 
+<fc pies within the City to the Goddefs Agtronaf who iri— 
+st cites to Action; to tlie.GoddefsI StimuJa; who makes* ns 
+“ over* aft; to Murcia, who? renders ns fofc.ahd-indoleitt, 
+* l as. we > are; told by Pompon: us; to. the Goddefs Str&ttri?, 
+*\ who., infpires mis f with Couragethey fho’uld not-have. 
+*i oreceived‘amongthem the Goddefsof^/^yrbot IbfVher 
+<c withoiit :the' Qullins . Gate . 15 • However,. as' they gave 
+Ore us, the God of-the Dead, the? Epithet pf: Quheatfs, 
+to denote the Reft and peaceful State of the Shade®, learn¬ 
+ed Authors will hare it, that the Worfhip of this God¬ 
+defs -was the fame with that of the Dead. •"! f \ 
+
+r . .r • 
+
+* 1 * i * i 9 
+
+Trophimus* . • See Oracle.. . [l 
+
+o 
+
+. . * • *, 
+
+How came Truth to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. The Pagans, deprived of the Light of Revelation, 
+were ignorant that he, who was to come one Day for 
+the Salvation of the World, was the Truth, arid that 
+this Truth wa9 eternal; thus we are to be furprjied at 
+their having believed, as Plutarch and feveial Antients 
+relate, that Truth was the Daughter of Time, or of 
+twn taken for Time* Whether it is, fays, that judicious 
+Author, becaufe Saturn is Time,' or becaufe he was the 
+jufteft of Men, that he has been accounted the' Father of 
+Truth ? This is what he does not determine, though he 
+inclines to believe, that it was for his having ftriftly praic- 
+rifed the Rulers of J ufticc, that he had this Virtue given 
+him for his Daughter. Pindar , in his Olympics, however, 
+makes Jupiter to have bleen-her Father: * AsTrutb was 
+reckoned-■ the. Daughter of juft Saturn, fo fheiwas' the 
+Mother of Virtue-, which Genealogy fhews^’that MeH, 
+though funk in the greateft Idolatry, followedfome dines 
+the Lights of refined Reafon. Philofiraius, in the Image 
+of Ajnpbiaraus, reprefent z Truth as a young Virgin : ,‘ clad 
+in a Robe, whofe Whitenefs refembled that of the Snow. 
+Hippocrates v in one of his Letters, gives wife 0 her 
+Portrait, Reprcfent toyourfelf, fays he, a fine Woman -'<3 f 
+proper Stature, i. mo deftly drefled "With a thousand 1 attrac¬ 
+tive Charms j the j Luftpre; of -her Eyes,' ‘6fpeeially£ re- 
+fembling that of die Stars, arid you will have'tbe^Juibld&a 
+of this Divinity. * Lafiantius has'left us a S£yin£ of -Demo - 
+
+
+
+ayS Hijiory of the G ods, Goddefles, &c. 
+
+critus , that Truth lay hid in the Bottom of. a Well, fo 
+difficult it is to come at the Difcovery of it. 
+
+SK How came Tybcr,. and other Pavers, to be worjhip- 
+ped as Gods ? . . — • 
+
+A. Maximus Tyrtus, affigning the Reafons thatiridu-, 
+ced feveral Nations to worfhip the Rivers that watered, 
+their Country, lets us know, at the fame Time, theUniU. 
+verfality of the Worffiip that was paid them. The Egyp¬ 
+tians, fays he, worfhip the Nile, becaufe of its Ufeful- ; 
+nefs ; the TheJJ'alians , the Pcneus, for its Beauty j the 
+Scythians , the Danube, for the vaft Extent of its.Waters ;; 
+the Etoliavs, the Acklous, becaufe of the Table pf^hisT 
+Combat with Hercules ; the Lacedemonians, the Eurotns r 
+by an exprefs Law that enjbins.it; the Athenians, the' 
+Ilejfus, by a Statute of Religion, Sacra Injlituto • 
+
+The Greeks and' Romans were too fuperftitious,. not 
+to adopt the Worfhip of the watery Gods. Befides, what' 
+the Author now quoted fays of the Thejfalians, Etoliatrs 
+Athenians, and Spartans, Antiquity furnifhes us with a', 
+thoufand Examples of the ExcefTes to which they w?ntin this 
+refpeft. Their Temples contained Statues of the Rivers- 
+and Fountains, as well as thofeof the other Gods., There- 
+were few Rivers and Fountains in Greece, near which you. 
+would not have feen Statues, Numbers of Jnfcriptions,. 
+and Altars confecrated to thofe Rivers, and Fountains ; 
+there they regularly went to perform Libaticms, and offer 
+Sacrifices, as we learn from Paufeaiias Medals i;eprefent 
+
+to us the Rivers as Gods ; among others, one .of pojlhar 
+mius , whereon is the Rhine, with' this Iufcription: Deus 
+inRhenus. The Ty her, in like Manner, appears upon.the 
+Reverfe of a Vcfpajia?s, not only as a Divinity, but alfo- 
+as the Patron and Protedlor of Rome . When AEneas ar¬ 
+rived in Italy he performed religious Ceremonies to that 
+River; gave himfelf up to its Pxote&ion, and prayed him- 
+ro be propitious to him.' 'See Virgil, JEneid, Lib, viii.- 
+ver. 72. : * 
+
+ue, 
+vpe 
+
+Adfis &tandem 3 &c. 
+
+
+
+a.Tybri, tuo genii or cum fiumine fan ft a 
+Mneam 
+
+
+
+
+if 
+
+
+
+ffljtory of the Gods, GoddefieSy 279 
+
+^ j ' * 
+
+If the great Ufefulnefs of the Water, to the- Earth in¬ 
+duced the fifil Idolaters to make aXHvinity of it, we may 
+fuppofe the Wonders that have been obferved in that Ele¬ 
+ment did Eke wife contribute not a little to promote the 
+Superftition : Pfalm xxix. 3. “ The Voice of the Lord ia 
+“ upon the Waters, or great is the Waters.” And it is 
+on this Element eipscially, that he feems to have laid Oat 
+a Profufio'n of Wonders. The Ebbing and . Flowing* of th# 
+Sea, that periodical Motion which Svells and finks the 
+Waters by turns every fix Hours, and perpetuates their 
+Motion, whereby they are preferved from Corruption 
+the Irregularity of this Motion, more or lefs in the diffe¬ 
+rent Term3 of the Moon, as well as in different Seafons r- 
+the Flux of the Euripidus , a narrow Sea between Bccotid 
+and Euboea, which ebbed and flowed feven times in- 
+twenty-four Hours, Pliny, Lib. ii. 97. or rather oftener or- 
+feldomer, as the Wind fat, Livy xxviii. 6. It is called now 
+the Chanel of Negropont. This bears little or no Refem- 
+blance to that of the Ocean ,* the Saltnefs of the Sea, a 
+fecond Source of its Incorruptibility; the prodigious 
+Number and Variety of Monfters which it engenders;, 
+and the enormous Bulk of fome of its Inhabitants, fuch as 
+the Whale, and fome others that far furpafs the greateft 
+of the Land-animal#, all are wonderful, all aftoniftring. 
+Add to this the Accounts given to the Properties of 
+Fountains, whereof fome have a regular Flux like the 
+Ocean, others are.periodically hot and cold.; a. vaft Num¬ 
+ber of them medicinal/* 
+
+The Fictions of the Poets conduced exceedingly to fchid* 
+Idolatry towards the Water. For in fa& they fpoke of 
+the Rivers; the Floods, and Fountains, only as of fo. many 
+Gods ; they painted and represented them in their Works,, 
+as if they had adlually feen them 5 they make them comet 
+forth from their humid Grottos to appear to their Heroes; 
+and foretel their Deftinies ; they relate th$ic. Amours, 
+their Combats, &V. Thereyou have*.purfuing 
+djethufa, whom Diana transformed into a Fountain j 
+here you have slthelous contending with HerculeJ for Zh/- 
+anira, and vanquilhed by his. Rivalj fonietmres yonng 
+Women, to avoid the Purfaits of ah amorous God, throw 
+themfelves into a River, and are inftantly metamorphofed 
+into Nymphs or Naids ; or, bewailing their Frailty, and 
+melting into Tears, are diflolved into Fountains. The 
+
+Charms 
+
+
+
+28 o Hijlory. of the .Gods, Goddeiles, \ 
+
+Charm s of Poetry-animated thefe Defcriptions ;.an 4 >{fepm 
+being. affe&ed by them in the Reading, People ^appeto 
+take them literally, and no longed to think- ofRi v£f& ’and 
+Fountains, but as for many animated Divinities. • " 
+
+Hence: that prodigious Number of, Water .‘gods; ;ahd. 
+God&eftes* a Number that fucpaftes Heaven itfelf,, aruiqfV 
+the other Parts of tlie Uftiverfe. ^For, notphly wa&i&yery 
+River, Fountain, and Flood, believed to.''be a Divinity, 
+or at leaft to have a tutelar God ; the Sea alpne contained 
+Gods without Number. Occanu's had by feventy 
+
+two Nymphs, named Oceanides Nenits, Rereads, 
+
+whofe Names we have in ttejidd. ’ The ’Kfunfbe’r of 
+Nymphs, if we ma y believe that Author, ambunted to 
+three thoufand, and probably he had not computed them 
+all. If we add to the Nymphy. the Nhidds, the Napa-a-, 
+the Livinicidts y &c. we ihall find die Water-gods to have 
+been pail reckoning. 
+
+
+What Kind of Worfiiip and Sacrifice was offcrbd'fo 
+the Ocean and the Sea ? "~ l " 
+
+_ Antiquity lets us know little or nothing' concerning,- 
+the, Worlhip. of the Ocean ; JuJlin, Book ii. ^of/all c 
+Antients has fpoke of it mo ft' diftindtly, when, lie tells 1 u£; 
+that ALexadir 9 upon his Return to his Sliips/ pb&e&^quc 1 . 
+Libations to the Ocean y praying lie would 'granPinm a! 
+happy Return into his own Country, lc Fxpugnkta iSs; 
+“.indeurbe, reverfys ad naves libamenta idedi^ . prpfpe-. 
+“ rum reditum, ad patriam precatur.” tfrijltu? havihe'^q'mc 
+in-quell of his Mother to the Grottos of Ae Riyei/Ki/z//,, 
+that ymph> h ay i ngl e a rn e d his ErrandpofFers ^S&xtftce ‘ 
+to die OcSan; die Author of ? E liein ; g*im 
+Liquor three times, fays Virgil , upon the'ITy eCoats 1 of 
+the Altar, and three times a fparkliiig Fliihe 0 'rife u \ip 
+from the facred Fire> and mounted up as high as-^the 
+Roof. 
+
+• ♦ # 
+
+* 
+
+Occano libemus , ait 7 frniul ipfa prccatur^ • J 
+Qceanunique fatreni rerum , &c. 
+
+Geo. Jlb,tiy.i3822 
+
+The Viftims moft com monly offered -to Neptdr.e- were the 
+Horie: andjBull; the firft 6f thefe Animhfc was efperially 
+confecrated to that God, who - was ^thought' to h&v6’ 'pfo'f 
+d'uced the firft Horfe, which he had made tofpHrig out 
+
+of 
+
+
+
+Hifh&y &f - the- G od s,d 3 octdefles,. feftr ’ : . 2.81 , 
+
+of theEarth with' a Blow of his Trident; the ‘Bull j.. be-' 
+cauf^by his ‘ Strength' and Bellowing ; he figures the -roar-. 
+ingWa-frfcs : #f^troubled Sea. 1 'Tf is needlefi to quote £x- * 
+amples to prove; that if was= the Cuftom to" offer thefe: * 
+two : Kirvd^b('-Vi &mb'* to Ntptune, ■ ffiftory ;abounds?with 
+thein^hnd ' who keep? tfri&Iy to the Caftomsi that; 
+
+inrtichily pf flatted, reprefents Lekcoon -offering 'upon.'- 
+? Shore a-Bull'to "Neptune. • * .• • - *■ 1 >f 
+
+
+co 
+
+the 
+
+
+. >* 
+
+
+Neptu 
+
+~ ? * 1 » * * * 
+
+“ Ye Gods, who rule the Ocean which I fail 
+
+“ Victor before your Altars, on this Shore, 
+
+“ To you a Snow white Bull I will prefent, 
+
+<‘ .Oblig'd by Vow — — --- --- - . 
+
+Trap s Virgu.. 
+
+
+
+
+Ldocodn , du£his Neptuni forte facerdos 
+Salrmrtes Tattrum ingentem maSfabaf ad aras. 
+
+•*" ^En. lib. ii. 201... 
+
+The Sacrifices that were offered, to the Sea were o£ 
+a different Nature. We learn from Horner , Odyff. vii. 
+that, when fhe was troubled, they offered her a bl^ick 
+Bull; a Hog and. a.Lamb when file was calm'and fmQpth. 
+But the yiSm,jnoft commonly offered to the Sea 'wWa 
+Bull, as'.the Horfe was to Neptune, who was its So vereigh • 
+fometimes they actually facrificed this laft Anjm^,; 
+fometimes threw it into the Waves, fometimes, in"fhort, 
+they contented themfelves \yith confecrating it to TtKe 
+Sea, and to the Rivers, by allowing it the Liberty to*feed 
+m the- Neighbouring rafturages; frequency' .me Sacn- 
+fice waspperformed, upon, die. Sea itfelf. fometimes! 
+the Sheire,^ AAdq^idty'furnifhes ‘ us with ? Exaiii^»?filF 
+thefe Vanhtion^, F Cioaithu, , id Virgil * ’ thus '"'addreSeS' 
+
+himfeli*bo ’the, Gods.bf' the Sea: * "* # ‘ 5 7° ?r P ■ b l 
+
+• * ** « ■ f f • * • * « • 
+
+
+• * •. 
+
+
+t * • > » 
+
+
+• r 
+
+
+r. : 
+
+
+Di qmbii's impeyiutnfelagi, quorum tequora xttrroj x‘ : 
+Fob is lattus ego hoc cadent cm in lit tore taurum h;. v 
+Conjlituamwti rtus-f. c * VlVi O 
+
+■ j s c .v - ... > \ - 
+
+It ms theifka&fce, ift> thefe kind of Sacrifices, to re¬ 
+vived*.. a 
+terwmrds 
+
+
+a^rw^rds 
+
+When-the S^cdfi^^as n; . 
+
+kc thejBlpod of .the.'Y.i^tim -fipw. into ,it* and 2#? 
+
+into 
+
+
+
+
+
+2S2 Uijtory of the Gods, Goddefles, ISc, 
+
+^ ^ a ^ 
+
+into It the Entrails,as we learn from- Titus Lt*viur, Irb. xxir. 
+46 Cruda exta cscsa vi&ima, mi mos eft, in mare porn* git;” 
+upon occafion of the Sacrifice that was offered to the 
+Sea, by Sdpio Aficanus, when he was fetting - out- for 
+Africa. Sometimes to this Rite was added a Libation of 
+Wine, and an Offering of Fruits; fee Virgil, JEn. lib. rx. 
+Thus we fee it reprefented upon 'Trajan's rillar, near' the 
+Altar, where Trajan appears with a Patera in his Hard 
+to perform a Libation to the Sea. As to the Rivers, they 
+were worfhipped in different Manner. 
+
+Firft of all Hficd lays it down as a Precept, that ;do 
+P erfon was to pafs a River, till he had firft- waffled' his 
+Hands. The Roman Magiftrates never patted the little 
+Rivulets, which were near the- Campus Martins,' tilL they 
+had firft confulted the Augurs, and the Generate did tlie 
+fame before they fet out for War. It is certain, fays 
+Cicero,, de Nature D corun:, lib. iii. that our Captains are 
+wont to facrifice to the Waves before they embark. ' Rut 
+their religious Veneration for them was carried mudi 
+higher afterwards, fince, before crofting of them‘for atiy 
+• military Expedition, they offered up Horfes ta therii-fii 
+Sacrifice ; thus Xerxes , according to Herodotus', before-jfte 
+- j?afled the Stry non, in his Way to Greece , facrificed^fbme 
+of them to that River ; and Tridates offered one Wcfte 
+Euphrates , while Vitellius, who was with him, performed 
+the taurobolic Sacrifice in Honour of thah Riverftr 
+Bulls were alfo offered up to the Rivers, as well' af to the 
+Ocean and the Sea. Lucullus, as we read in Pltit) £ xxiv. 
+in * Lucullus , made aSacrifice th'efeof £6 Ihe J TZupbratcSr 
+while he- was purfuing Tymnet: This Practice fob muft 
+needs have been very antieht, fince' Achilles fays Co hydaon, 
+This rapid River, the Xanthus , to whidi we offeV to 
+many Bulls, will not proteft you.'” They carried.this 
+Superftitian , fo far, that the young Virens of Troy were 
+obliged, the Evening before their IV!arriage, to go^and 
+offer their Virginity to the River Scdmaitacr ; me conse¬ 
+quence : of'which we need not be told wfiat fomedines 
+'happened: The Grecian Youth; aa W • are ipf&'byPaa- 
+fetnras,' in his ■Attntkl's> contented themfelv&i with •Wei'fhg 
+Locks of their Hair to the River** I; diid ^HbmeV in- 
+forms us, that Piieus had confecrafed to Sferchiusdhsit of 
+his Son A chi I fes. . * .. • 
+
+The 
+
+
+U 
+
+
+€C 
+
+
+
+Hijloryvf the Gods* Goddeflefs, £s?c. 2S3 
+
+The Nymphs, the Nap&ee, die Naiads, had alfo their 
+Sacrifices, (oraetimes of Goats and Lambs that were 
+offered tp them, with Libations of Wine, Honey and Oil; 
+frequently, of. nothing but Milk, Fruits and Flowers. It 
+is true,' that Arifitus, as we read in. Virgil-, Georg: c. 
+Book iv. ; offers to the Nymphs four Bulls, and as many 
+Ileifers but fo folemn a Sacrifice, to thofe petty Divini¬ 
+ties of the Water, has no other Example in Antiquity. 
+As for the rural Feflivals that were celebrated in Honour 
+of them, they were uiual among the Country People, and 
+in tliefe ruftick Ceremonies you might have feen Milk, 
+Honey and Oil flowing in abundance. 
+
+Who was Venus, and how came fhe to be made a 
+‘.Godde.'s f 
+
+A. Hr food makes Venus fpring from the Foam of the 
+Sea, and from the Blood of the manly Parts of Cos la s T 
+which Saturn had thrown into the Sea. Homer , however, 
+of no lefs Antiquity* and full as good Authority as Hejiod, 
+has followed another, fince, according to him, Venus is 
+'the, Daughter of Jupiter and Hi one. If we may rely upon 
+(?icfir <> : ..there were four. Venujfes. . The, firfl was the 
+Daughter of Cashes . and the Day ,; the fecond .was ffce 
+who fptung from the Sea-foam, the Mother of Cupid y 
+the third was the Daughter of Jupiter and Dionc; this. is 
+the Wife of Vulcan, and Mars's Miflrefs, by whom he 
+had An ter os, t or the Counter-Cupids In fine, the fourth 
+was Aflarte, bora at Tyrus in Pbenicia , who wedded Adonis* 
+
+. c * v c^ius prima* .Cpelo die nata, cuj us Elide tern- 
+u plum vidimus. Altera .fpuma : procreata, ex. quaivet 
+u Mercurio cupidinem fecundum natum accipinna. bTer- 
+“ tia Joye nata, et Dipne, quae nupfit Vulcano; fed ex 
+“ ea et Matte natos Apteros dicicurw , Quarta : Syria, 
+“ Tyroque concepta, quee Aflarte vocatur, quam Ado r 
+“ nidi nupfiffe traditum ^fl .’*De . -re 
+
+Paujanias 'diitiqgqifhes three of them, ; i One celefiial j 
+who presided over. thefe. foyers* jone-terreftiial,.po¬ 
+pular, who. was- the Goddefs, of Marriages. a thirds whom 
+they named. Apoflropbia, t ox jbeanjertingVenus, \ who.ba- 
+nifnedinfamousPaflions,. . .. 
+
+From Cytjpera the Worlfup of this, Goddefs pafled into 
+Greece, and, as thofe who had brought it thither came by 
+Sea, the Grech, who endeavoured to give every thing a 
+
+marvolous. 
+
+
+
+
+284 Hiftory of ti. -Gods, ^GoddefTes, &?<*. 
+
+marvolous Drefs, fa.y, ihe hud Tprung from the Sea, an« 
+ave her the Name of Aphrodite, a Word whichimports 
+'cam. They considered Lew as the SorToftliis ^Goddefs, 
+and gave her three Graces for her Daughters. 'In fine, the 
+Poet formed that Lovc^fyftem, whereof, the Idfe&T Served 
+in Afterrages to . embelliih the Works of 'their Bfother'l 
+poets.. A young Virgin rifes out of theFoahi'of the 
+Sea, and appears upon a Shelhfiflr ; She' fits' down bn 
+Mount Cyhtrti, where the Flowers fprung up ufcder 'her 
+Feet 5 the Hours , charged with the Care of her Educa¬ 
+tion, conduced her to Heaven, where all the Gbd£, 
+charmed with her Beauty, make love to her; but {life 
+matches with Vulcan, the moll deformed of ! all.-' ”A'- 
+
+* * m 
+
+chifes, to. fereen himfelf from the Jealoufy of his Wife, 
+gave out that he had begot Eneas’’ upon that- CxO'dtfdfs; 
+n the mean time, what bad Idea foever they entdftainbct 
+of Venus, file w'as flill looked upon as one of the : gfeateft 
+Goddefies ; and as fhe patronized fcandaloiis Paflions, 'file 
+was worlhipped in a Manner worthy of her. Her Tem¬ 
+ples open to Proftitudon taught the corrupt World,’ jihal; 
+in order to pay due Honour to the Goddefs'of Low, 
+they were to have no regard to the R ules of Mbddftyj 
+The Virgins pr'oftituted themfelves publickly iri Hef T^ezn’-i 
+pies, and there married Women ihe wed as httleReiervc. 
+Amathus, Cythrra, Gnrdas, Paphos, Idalia , and the Other 
+Places efpecially confecrated to this Goddefs, < wcfe'di- ! 
+tfinguilhed by the moft infamous Atrnfes. ‘ 
+
+As there were feveral VenuJJcs , herWorfiiip was' iiot 
+every where the fame. In fome Places they only buried 
+Incenfe upon-her Altars; elfewhere they'made hbr an 
+Offering* of fweet -Odouts, one Ingredreftt -Whet^hF was 
+theFleflt, offa Sparrow; in other Places they fa'Crlficed 
+
+to her a white Goat. The Women had 13 a!fO 'a feulfom 
+
+♦ # 
+
+of confecrating their Hair to this Goddefs/ Whfch T you 
+may confult in the fecond Volume of the' Hiftorjr of 
+Berenice* whole Trefies, that file: had'vdvV^d’ v t& Venus, 
+weie pl aced: among the Stars. ■ Among tfre'Fldwd/s 'the 
+Rofe, was; particularly confecrated tcA' 
+caofe-this Flower bad-been -tinged with' tftfe ifldfcd ( 
+
+whom one of its (Thorns ‘had -wounded, 0 whibli ^cha i&fecl* 
+it into red from white,. which it was k before this c Aii 
+ture. • The Myrtle too was dedicated to hei*, bec^ufe it 
+commonly grows upon the Borders of the Water- where 
+
+this 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+lliftorjof tbe. Gods, Goddeffes, &c. 285 
+
+this Goddefs was born. The- Swans and Sparrows were 
+peculiarly ,canfecrated. to her, but above all the Pigeonsj 
+from the;Fable which fets; forth, thaty while tliis Goddels 
+was one Day playing with Cupid, :the -little God wotildi 
+needs wager to gather more Flowers i than fhe j'and a 
+Nymph* named Pcrtjiera, having : aflHled the Goddels, 
+file won. the Wager, with which Cupid was fo provoked^ 
+that he: transformed the -Nymph: into a-'Pigeon 1 .' 1 But* 
+by the by, this Fable is founded upon a mere Quibble* 
+for in Greek Coiumka, the Name of the 
+
+Nymph, Signifies a PigeonThough Thcbdottus alledge?, 
+that Perifiera was a,Coquet in Corinth, who was faia to 
+have aidedVrnuj, - only becaufe fhe imitated her ChaniSler. 
+
+As- for die Names of Venus, they' were derived, like 
+thofe of the iOther Divinities of; the Pagan World, either 
+from the. Places where fhe was vvorfliipped, or from 
+particular.Circumhances that had given, rife to her Wor- 
+ihip. I fhall explain the chief of them. Thofe of Cy- 
+thert.r, Pqpbi.;n Goddefs, Queen of Guidos, &c. were given 
+her from Cities of diofe Names ; that of Urana, or ce- 
+Jefiial, • becauie fhe was believed to have dropt down 
+from: flea yen - to, Pap on one of her Feitivahdays; under 
+tb^ Form* qf a.Star. The Name of Aphrodite was given 
+her,, btrqaufei flu*. li»d fprung from the Sea • that of Pand 
+demos, q Xifopuiar, as .file is called by Theocritus, was given 
+by way of Biftjnation from the ceiefiial Venus ; that of 
+Verticordia, becaule.ihe turned Men’s Hearts towards,, or 
+
+fromLqvep'noV. 
+
+• Th#] ifo^w^gaveiheit the; Name of Murtia, frbni the: 
+My rd,?. ^afciwas/Ronfecrated> to her 1 . Ara -vebus ■' fhit 
+
+‘‘ yeppriyJklyrtp^ i nunc. Murtihm vocantg •Pl/hyC 
+4)?-) -PRPTi ; called her- Aft a rtej when fhe was‘Cqn- : 
+
+founejed ; wfth r ,thefc ^Syrian. ■ Goddefs. Atiaitis * is - a{ Name 
+under., which ifegh was .adored by the Perfeans and' Cdppd - 
+doc t qns. . jimathuftt} waagi ve n i her; fro mt he' C i ty AmatVusi, 
+in, the; I^Lan^ pf .Cyprus ^ Magoditcs^ becaufe-’ ihe prefidecr 
+Qv q r MjtfWgesto Qifytpiga, upon account*of hier : Beauty'i' 
+
+Aftdion ritt ihcil rOrigihal i $Specu 
+
+the.Nan^ wW&k ‘M^dnc^ feayeiia-thfe^rempM 'flie^xhife-" 
+craved rpj> tfe^Qoddftfs*. .ydidnse fbeariigh^vie^ HippdtituV 
+pyrfqrmiugg&ejr eifes m:the/Plainsi oPTrekeir&i Ant/ia. j 
+^xid.Adrep/jones, as muck &s r to: fay impious arid M'ah -flayer* ■ 
+a Name..yyhich ( ,>ya^ given r her when Lais was wounded 
+
+to 
+
+
+
+
+286 Iliftory of"tB'e r Gods^ Goddefles, &c. 
+
+
+fc# r 
+
+
+to death with Needles in one of her Temples, by the 
+Thejjalian Virgins. Armata y becaufe the Lacedemonian/^ 
+
+who w or flapped her under thkName, repVefented lief 1 
+armed in her Temple. My*deftghed Brevity will not al-‘ 
+low me to run over all the Epithets which: were given to * 
+this Goddels by the Poets. ' 
+
+^ When did Venus live, and who were Contemporaries 
+with her? 
+
+A. Venus , taken for the Daughter of Jupiter and t)ione y 
+lived in the Year of the World z^ci, before Chriff 144^' 
+Years, to which add 1790 mah^r^i 199 Years fmce her 
+Time ; Iter Contemporaries were Ehud, a Benjamite, who 
+ruled the Israelites ; Rbnpfaces , King o £ Egypt ; Arab c/us t 
+King of Babylon*, Eumolpus , King of I brace ; Labdacus,\ 
+King of Thebes ; Amyclas, King of Laccdetnon^ AcriT(us. [ 
+King of Argcs ; Xeuxippe , King of S icy on \OrniJtion, 
+of Corinth ; Jupiter, her Father, King of Crete ; IngratnV 
+ruled in Germany ; Romusj King of Spain ; Paris, King 1 ' 
+of Gaul; who gave Name to Lutcrtia , now Paris. $To v 
+Poets, no HiftorianS at this Time. 
+
+ig. How came Vejid to be made a Goddefs ? 
+
+A. Vcfta was the Daughter of Saturn and Rhea : To 
+fpeak of this Goddefs with fome Accuracy we are to re¬ 
+mark, that, as they diftinguilhed two Vtjtns, the one was 
+reckoned the Symbol of the Earth, ana the other of the 
+Fire ; and their Worfhip was fomewliat different. After 
+what we have faid of Cybe/e, we have nothing to add to. 
+the Hiftory of Vejla , taken for the Earth ; we Jhall only 
+confider what relates to this Goddefs, as reprefenting the 
+Fire. Her Worfliip confifted chiefly in preferving the 
+
+Fire, which was confecrated to her. Tnc Rrcnians had 
+
+# _ 0 0 • •* * 
+
+Virgins fet apart-for* this Employment, whom they term¬ 
+ed VcJtaJs: Eneas is thought to have been the Founder of 
+this Order in Italy, which Numa Pompilius re-ellablilhed 
+afterwards. They chofe fo PVeftdh young Virgins, be¬ 
+tween the : Age of fix and 1 ten Years, whofe' Birth was to. 
+be free from alb Imputation, and their Body from all Iirf-j' 
+perfection; at firft-they- were' only fourth* J^jirriberj but., ‘ 
+two more were added afterwards : The teft ' Years 
+were for their Probation ; v -during the : ftjcceedin^ Ten' 
+they performed the FunCHon of PrieftefTes/ and ih: their 
+lad Ten they formed other Novices in their Turn. ' Af- ‘ 
+ter thirty Years they were at liberty to depart, and even 
+
+to 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Gpddefies, £s?rv 287, 
+
+w % » *• t ” ^ ^ t J S »* 
+
+to marry; but, during the Tjme that: they; were confe- 
+crated to the Goddefs, fo'ftrict Chaility was exacted of 
+them, that, when they tran%rcflcd. again ft their Vows, 
+they were buried alive. The. Emperor Commadus , to gain. 
+Reputation to his Reign, canfed the unfortunate Cornelia, 
+to be buried alive, upon an Accufation of being feduced 
+by z Roman. TiampdColcr. 
+
+When die facred' Fire happened to go out through their 
+Fault, the. Pontiff punifhed them feyerely, and the Thing 
+was reckoned of bad Omen. Befides, the public Calami¬ 
+ties it was thought to portend,, the Goddefs was believed 
+to point out thereby the Crime of fome Vefial, and fhe, 
+being’fufpe&ed guilty, was obliged to clear herfelf from 
+the Imputation. We are told farther the Emilia , one o£ 
+the Vcjlals , whofe Virtue was doubted, threw her Veil 
+into the midft of the facred Embers ; and that the Fire 
+
+
+kindled of its own Accord. It was fuffered to die away 
+only on the laftDay of the Year, and was kindled anew on 
+the fhft Day of March , which was the firfl of their Year. 
+
+The common Opinion was, that in the Temple of the 
+Vi finis were preferved, befides the facred Fire, feveral 
+other Things which Enjcs had brought from Phrygia : 
+This was no doubt the .true Palladium , (the Image of Pal¬ 
+las ) with the Gods Penates , and fome other Images of 
+the Samotbraeian Gods, which Dardanus had brought into 
+Phrygia, and which the religious Eneas took care to pre- 
+ferve in the midft of Storms. It was to fave thefe facred 
+
+
+Depofitums, judged fo neceflary to the Prefervation of the 
+City, that Cecilius Metcllus threw himfelf into the midft 
+of the Flames, when the Temple of the Veftals was on 
+fire, and thofe timorous Priefteftes fled ; for which he 
+was honoured with a Statue in the Capitol, with a glori¬ 
+ous Infcription. This Temple was built by Numa r Ro¬ 
+mulus never having dared, whatever Devotion he had for 
+the Goddefs, toere&one, for fear of renewing, the.Me¬ 
+mory of his Mother’s Crime, and of authorifing, by her 
+Example, the.Licentioufnefs of other Vejlals 5 contenting 
+himfelf, as we. learn from Dionyfius Halt car naffus, with 
+building fmal} Chapels to Vefta. in each Trlbe. ; 
+
+It is agreed, that the Worfhip of the Goddefs J^efla and 
+of Fire -was brought into Italy by Eneas, and the other 
+Trojans who landed there ; but the Phrygians themfelves 
+had received it from the Eaftern Nations. The Chal¬ 
+deans 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+288 W-ftory cf thiKjo&sf'G oddef&s,' &c. 
+
+deanslizd a high Veneration for t&d Fire j which they ac¬ 
+counted a Divinity : There was in the Province of .Baby ■ 
+Ion a City confecrated to this Ufagc, which was called 
+the City of Ur, or of Fire. The Pcrjtans were yet more 
+fuperftitious in this refpedh than th & Chaldeans : They had 
+Temples which they called Pyrasa* Fire-temples* fet apart 
+folely for the Prcferyation .of the facred Fire. The JWor- 
+iliip of the Fire Has made its way into the rooft diftant 
+Countries, and even as. far as Peru, and other Countries 
+of America. We. have only to add Here, Firfi, that it was 
+not only in Temples and in the Pyr&a, that ‘the facred 
+Fire was preferved, fmee every private Perfon was obliged 
+to maintain it at the Gate of his Houfe; and hence, if we 
+may believe 0*uid , Fajl. Book vi. came the Name of 
+Vijiible. Virgil. gives us to underftand, th^x Emas^ be¬ 
+fore he left his Father’s Palace, had removed the Fire 
+• * _ # _ * | 
+
+from the facred Hearth. JBter manque Adytis effcr.typene- 
+tralibus ignem, JF.neid. Lib. ii. Secondly, That theNaifie 
+of Vcfia is fynonymous with that of Eire , called by the 
+Greeks EJia, (Ejia unde Vcjia , nut tat a afpirationc ; fee 
+Vojfsus.) By the Chaldeans, and the antient Perjiam, 
+Avrjla. This, if we may rely upon the learned, IStr. > 
+Hyde, was doubtlefs what induced the famous Zoroaficr , 
+to call his Book, where the Worfhip of the fire was ex¬ 
+plained, by the Name of Aweflt .y as much as to fay; the 
+Prcferyation of the Fire, the Title of it is, De Fcljglane 
+y etc rum P erf arum. • ... 
+
+‘ Such as defire a more circumftantial Account of the 
+Hi dory of the Vflats may read the Treatife of JufUs 
+Liffius, and what is publiihed upon this Subject JJy, the 
+Abbe Nadal. : 
+
+
+' tge Who were Contemporaries with Vejla P 
+A. Vefa, the Daughter ofSatwn and Rhea, live 3 in 
+the Year of the World 2511, before Chirift 1439 Years, 
+to which add 1750 make? 3239 Years fince her Time. 
+The Contemporaries of Vejta w'ere Othnitl , Caleb' s Son- 
+in-law, wh6 ruled the' Ifr a elites ; Amenoplis, the third King 
+of Egypt*, Ecu tamos. King of Babylon \ Paiundn* King 
+of Athens; Cadmus, King of Thebes; Lynceus, King or 
+Argos ; Epopeus, King of Sieyon 1 Sijyphus , King of Go-, 
+rinth ; Ericbthmiius, King of Troy; Saturn her Father, 
+ahd Jupiter her Brother, King of Crete ; her Brother Chi-, 
+ron, an excellent Phvfician, and accomplxfhed Prince in 
+
+Phyfic, 
+
+
+
+Hijibry of the Gods,-. Goddeffes,. C&. z 8 g 
+
+Phyfic,. Mufic and Agronomy. No Posts, no Hiftorians 
+at rhip Tims. 
+
+* 
+
+.How cam tViBory to be made a Goddefs*? 
+
+A.. Victory, an imaginary Being whereof,the Greeks had 
+made a Divinity, whom. He/iod makes to.be both Daughter 
+ofStyx and Palios , or of Acheron, if we may believe 
+- P hamulus* The Antients add,, that ihe affifted 'Minerva 
+in the Battle of the Giants. Paufanins informs us, that 
+this Goddefs had feveral Temples in Greece , and Titus 
+Li'Vtus fpeaks of tbefe which fhc had at Ratne. "When 
+the Romans brought from PojJtnus the Phrygian Goddefs, 
+-they carried her Statue into the Temple of Victory , till 
+they got one of her own built for her. But the Temples 
+Ihe. had at Rome were not the moll antient ones of Italy, 
+fince Dionyjius of Halicamajfus informs us, -that the Ar¬ 
+cadians, upon their Arrival in that Country, ereded one to 
+. her- upon die Antmtiue Mount. Sylla, according to Cicero, 
+inflituted Games in Honour of this Goddefs. 
+
+Victory^ as appears from Medals and Marbles, was al¬ 
+ways reprefented with Wings, flying through the aerial 
+t ’Regions,, and holding a Crown in her Hand, or a Palm; 
+but the Egyptians reprefented her under the Figure of an 
+Eagle, a Bird.always victorious in the Combats it has 
+With die reft. The Remans in representing "her .fome- 
+times ufed die Laurel or Palm-branch. Sometimes ftie 
+was to be fecn mounted on a Globe, to teach us diat fne 
+rules over all the Earth ; and thus it is fhe appears upon 
+' the Metals of the Emperors, becaufc* they reckoned 
+*d\emfeives die Mailers of the World. When they would 
+’ defign a naval Battle, fhe was drawn mounted on the 
+'Prow of a Ship, and when Ihc holds a Bull, by the. Muz¬ 
+zle, it points cut the Sacrifices that were offered aft t er any 
+Advantages won. 
+
+- This Goddefs had feveral Names given to.hcr, as well as 
+all the other Gods of P*gani/m. Plutarch tells us, that the 
+Egyptians called her Nopthc, without letting us know the 
+Signification of this Name. The Sabines, as we. learn 
+from Varrc, called her Vncuna, and from this Name 
+came the Feftival which the Antients called Vacuneziia, 
+I he Greeks gave her the Epithet of $0 ,'which im¬ 
+ports vsitbeut iVings ; and Pan font :-s : fay s, the Athenians 
+reprefented her thus, tq induce her. to fix her Rcfi.denee 
+
+O with 
+
+
+
+2 S o .gfitq&g, (&£-p ?4?,, : G odd eiTcs,, 16 ? c. 
+
+
+
+Jof-y f at .Rotne,' ,\yhofe, Wings.were burnt 
+truler, ‘gave rife’ to,. a' pretty epigram : 
+enofdjc World, .thy Glory /hail never 
+' fade, TmpC Fjct.ory, now Gripped of her'Wings r can 
+..** ncyerfly fa way.,” . r Pifo in forms, us,, thatthis.-GQddefs 
+. hadtTie Name o fjiiuhi ; and, though fcveral Etymologies 
+of this Word’ be given, I hold it to dignify that, which! de- 
+
+• • - - ^ 3 h'\ * .1° m r ' ; - i ^ & % < _ r . \A i < * 
+
+'t ivis it from <vocc l<rtait 9 to J/joiit for joy , became .of ,tlic 
+
+.Joy that accompanied-the Sacrifices offered ta hex/ r~ 
+
+It will be eafy to. underhand the Epithets that .were 
+given her, fuch as Eur/accs, which Homer makes ufe.of, 
+to intimate that flic inclined to both Sides ; tliat of Pra- 
+pers and Potucris, to denote her SwiftneG;. that pf Cali- 
+
+f ’ ' 7;a . given her by Farrc , becaufe Piciory ’ cdnacs, fi'iyxi 
+leaven, .and fo of the reft.. .. . ■*’ - f . . \ 
+
+In fine, it appears . from the Aritien’ts, that nofblqacly 
+Thing was offered to her in Sacrifice., .but only the Fripts 
+of the Earth. '' . 
+
+
+[fwc believe Cicero, of the Noturc of the Gofis, tEtt'e 
+jvcral Pule at !!; the firft was the Son of Ccclus \, the 
+
+
+I?. Who was Vuken, and how came he to be made a 
+God"? 
+
+sL If 
+were fe 
+
+fecond of Hi Us ; the Egypt iarsy who acknowledged him 
+their Protctfor, called him Opas ; the third was the Son 
+of yt/f ftir and ‘J:cnc, or of 'June alone, according to II- 
+f.eJy who is followed by the other Poets. The fourth 
+was the Son of Ivlnml/,us; thb is lie who inhabited the 
+VtiLciniru IHands. We may find another Vulcan more 
+ancient - than all thefc, that is, the lubtl-cain of the Scrip¬ 
+ture, who, having applied hinifelfto the’forging.of Iron, 
+its A Ay; .f informs us, became the Model andOriginal of 
+all th<: refl. 
+
+• 1 
+
+The (h e, Is reckoned Vvl.an the God of Blackfniiths, 
+
+and a Black iinith himfclf ; and this is the Idea given of 
+him by l)i,.Joj:.s o/'« ulus, when he-fays, “ Vitlaui is the 
+“ fill Founder of Work-. in Iron, Brail., Gold and Silver; 
+,f in a Word, , of all fufible Materials. I-Ie alfo taurht 
+** all' the l.’hV to which the Arrifls, and others can uni- 
+“ pit.y Eire; for this Reafon, all they who.w prk‘in\lVIc- 
+“ tab,, or rather Men' in general, call hire by the Name 
+“ of /'/./. <:n y ard offer Sacrifice-, to that God, in acknow- 
+** Aedvmcnt of fo ufcful an Invention .' 7 
+
+
+Them 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Jjea’d' of ''Divinities; of'that hPemylfc;' unTefs' We' \vill 
+
+'twee Ba'clc to - Tuh'rJ-caii:Qt CO &ifre o'ne J of 1 tfc -Klries r of 
+
+
+.of 
+
+thole C6uriWesi ’* v/hoflgh i&l-zt d‘hmife(f in the i^rtof fpj g~ 
+
+As for the ‘third Vutcan A In Whole J Hifipry' flic Greeks 
+‘ haveIrifertecr that of ah the relieve may take it for granted 
+
+■ that he was a ‘Titan Prince,, the Son of jupitir % or at 
+lealt one of his Relations, who, having' been disgraced, 
+was obliged to retire into the Ifland of Latinos J .where Tie 
+
+•’eilablhhed Forges. ' Sir' Ifaac Av-u-tc//,' w ho confounds 
+him with Thoas King qf Lstnncsi explains the Fai>le of His 
+'•■'Fali' Yrpm”'Hca'ven : veiy ingemouily. . Tbias y fays lie,-in. 
+‘Ins Chronology, ' wedded' Ctlicopis y the fame / who 
+
+was reckoned the Mother of Etnas, and Daughter of 
+Otbrcus King of Phrygia. Thoas got the Name of Crny- 
+?’as from Ills Dexterity in playing upon the Lyre, which 
+gave a Handle to fay, that he had been beloved b y'dpollo 
+
+■ or Orusi Bacchus, falling in love with' the Wife of Tl\oas„ 
+Was furprifed in an Intrigue with her, but h(.\ found a Way 
+
+t r\ fn T-Trlfnpnr? hv mnVinn* ‘lii.n rli-int 
+
+
+auu i ^ aw • ± k . lv/ \ 
+
+fubjoins the Author now quoted, that the Poets allude,, in 
+feigning that Bul.n.v fell from Heaven into the Ifland of 
+L> !nk‘?s ■ and that Bacchus, after having pacified his Wrath 
+by making*, him, drink Wine, got him to be'recalled to 
+IleaVcn. He fell from the I-Ieaven of the Gods of Ctr/r, 
+when he departed from Crete to Lemnos to forge Metals ; 
+he was re-inflated in Heaven, when Bacchus made him 
+King of By hits and (.:[>> us ; tor the Courts of .the Princes 
+of thofc Times, in Imitation of that of 'Juf it,r, were 
+looked upon as Heaven. f/jo.is ; reigned to a gryat Age, 
+lived to the 'fijny of l he' Trojan War, ami grew bmpenic- 
+
+H r rich.. ‘ ‘ . 
+
+* . . ' * • 11 * * % 
+
+■'rjionvh we have nothin'’* 'very certain .about Fufcer'r, 
+Children, wo know iiorcwr, that Brothii s and Eri\hthu- 
+were looked upon a: Inch, .dfo tliofe who were 
+•dilliucuiiued m die Art ul fominr iron and AJctah, as 
+
+
+O a 
+
+
+O., - 
+
+
+
+% 
+
+
+2C)2 Hijlcry^cf tke Qods, GoddeiTcs, ,&c. 
+
+of 'hus , jflbhn, and' (ome others. Several Names were 
+alfo giveh him. "'He was called Letnrttus,'- becaU(e ,i i^- 
+7in \Vas'dic'Pkice where he fell, upon his Expuffion from 
+Heaven ; 'fttnonigctu*, becaufe he was fnub^s-ts ofv : ; ilf.v/- 
+<v/>c> ; , br Mut, ifcr; becaufe he had taught the ; Arc b? ioft- 
+Tnng ; Iron by the Keat of the'Forge r -AJcncusf beCaufe 
+his iForges word - under Mount Etna ; Ampbigonets\ ;be- 
+caufd fit was lame in both Feet, according to -Hrfof who 
+gives him this Epithet: Culi^pedion, by -thoCb who tbok 
+him to be lame only in one Side : This is the fame Epi¬ 
+thet with that of 7 *nrdiprsj given him by Catullus. 
+
+Of nil the antient Nations the Egyptians adored this 
+God molt ; he had at Memphis that magnificent Temple, 
+and coloflal Statue, fevcnty-fiv.e Feet high; though 'his 
+Statue which was in the Temple bore fo little Proportion 
+to chat Colofius which was without, that it provoked the 
+Scorn of Citmbyf: y who threw it into the Fire. His 
+Prieils were in fo great Eftecm among the Egyptians, that 
+one of them, named Srihis, afcended the Throne. This 
+God was alfo highly honoured by the Rcrnavs. Eatius, 
+according -to D;snyjhts of IL ii\ (truafra, Book ii. built 
+him a Temple, and Rimpluj confecrated to him Chariots 
+of I?raft drawn with four Horles, as we learn from the 
+fame' Author It was the C idiom, in his Sacrifices, to 
+con fume the whole \ ictim by Fire, referring nothing for 
+the (acred Fer.il, ft) that they were real Ilolocauils ; thus 
+E..r- f:ir;:,s the Kid t, after die Defeat of the 'Suli/.d, 
+burnt their Arms -mil Spoils in Honour of this God. 
+
+Anion? the Animals the Lion, who in his' Roarings 
+
+•L) w 
+
+feems to dart Fne bom his Mouth, was confecrated to 
+him; ant! Dogs were let apait for keeping hrs-Temple. 
+
+1 le had fe\ oral of them at R-./ar, but the moil dntidrrt one', 
+built by A\ tunlns* ’wa** without the Bounds of die City ; 
+the .,’u. being of Opinion, that the God of Fir.' ought 
+not to be within the City itfelf. Bui what was the high ell 
+
+* CJ 
+
+Mark of Helped paid by the Riant ks to rliis God, ac¬ 
+cording to /»V»/v/..v» of lialrrm ;/,//■/./, thofc A rfcmblic? 
+woe k- pt in hi:. Ton pi e/where die moll* important Af- 
+t.lir.i of'the Republic 1 were ddliafcd : The Rsrr.us thinking 
+they - ' could. invukl;* nothing rhore fincred,'' to cojliibfi the 
+
+^ 1 J j ^ i 
+
+Detiliofu* ’Tieabo. ’that were made there 1 ; than d\e 
+
+h’iic whcrtol that Cod' w;.^ die BviuboL' 
+
+
+
+
+' Hi.'iM'li 
+
+V * 
+
+
+
+y /: - . - l * f _. j '■ ■ • , * *- *, /: v \ • .'v . A \i \ : . •. 
+
+fUjfory of the Gods, GoaGeHes, &z- 20 % 
+
+J < j; . ^ M w -/ < 1 ' f • f * • - ^ i r » - 
+
+• Thpuglv all the -Mythologies . unanimoufly fay, that 
+Fulfil wars lame,, yet none of the Images njovv remaining 
+reprefeat him with that Defetf. . Cn-itc however, in his 
+drit Book of the. Nature cf the Gods, thus fpeaks of one of 
+hb,Statues;: /“We admire that the Vulcan of stbeuf^ made 
+4 * by AUauxnes, is. (binding and ^loathed, and appears 
+lame, hut without any Deformity/' JJdoft of the Me r 
+dais, of the.IHand -of Limncs reprefent this God with tho 
+
+Legend, ‘ Deo- Volcano. ' ' 
+
+Who were Cqmtemporaries with Vulcan, tlxe Son- 
+of Juno, and when'did he Jive r 
+A. This Vulc<m lived in the Year of the World 2551,. 
+before Chriil i-J/9, to which add 1750 makes 3199 
+Years' fmee his'Time. His Contemporaiics were ilL-tm, 
+a Binj^mite, Ruler of the IJr a tilths ;. V./ ut.cos, King of 
+Jraly/oji y Erechthrus, King of Athene ; Boreas, King of 
+a hr ace • Laccdtruzor, King of Lnadrimon ; L/unetUn, King 
+of Si cyan ; Bfllcic.pl'.):, King of Corinth 'Jupiter, King 
+of Crete. If we take Vulcan for. Tu hr Pilin', he lived in the 
+Year of-the World 930, before Chriil 3070 Years, to 
+which add r7jo makes 4820‘Years.fmce lira Time. His 
+Contemporaries were Adam, Set/:, Enos,, CL it, at:, Ma- 
+chainlet 1 , Jared, Enoch , Mtthufclch, La sued), No Poets, 
+no Historians at this Time. 
+
+
+Who was Uranus , and how came he to be made, a 
+
+God? 
+
+A. One Elion, a Name that may be rendered in Greek 
+hlyli/ijlh, the mrji High 9 who had to his Wife B-.ruih. 
+They hud a Son named Epigtus, who was afterwards 
+called Uranus ahd -a Daughter who went by the Name 
+of Go; and the Names of thefe two Children the Gratis 
+have given to Heaven and Earth. 
+
+Uranus had by his Si/ler Go four Sons, Cht onus, B •/>■- 
+l 11 ’ Atlas, and Pagan, or Si can, whofe Surname was Z, us 
+Arotrim, at Jupiter the TilJar. The Pricits who inhabit 
+the .wellein Parts of Africa were cajled tjie . '/Lntidrc. 
+Uranus+ or Genius, fucceeded his Father Ellon, ami, accord¬ 
+ing to tliepi, was their. ftrll King : He taught.his Sub- 
+jei/s, who had hitherto wandered without any fixed 
+Reiidence, to live in Society, to cultivate the Ground, 
+ail( l 10 enjoy the Hleflings it offered them. L'r.tuus, apply. 
+,n b himfelf to Allronoinv, regulated the Year l»v - the 
+
+C 3 Comic 
+
+
+
+2@4- y LiSaddeflesy <H&£C-. 
+
+Coptic of th$. Su- 9 ,- ^io 4 ,(be. Mpttffc/iby, that 66fih& Mp$r& . 
+
+aa. 4 > M% eaJcUforing.the Morions of .the.,Stturs, -he],ferrn^d 
+P?e tU cfi-oii s, e w h o fc jACfiomplilhmenf >»i'oniilied the* At fan*. 
+tid<£ fo much, that they believed their Prince hadR^nc,. 
+
+wfekt Dime about, him; and; after,hi? ’De*e&fe> theynip- 
+
+rolled him:among;the GivU.. •; - •. si m 
+
+it/^W:-had jby. ; feveral .'Wives; ; .fer*yi-frye /CWWrt»*.. 
+
+Tijfra alontfftad brought ;him Eighteen; tfcefe 
+each had- a Name iof his own,, went by the general Der - 
+fignaiioii of 'Titans, from .that of their Mother. . This 
+Princefs • after her D eat lx received like wife, divine H<>-, 
+nOurs; Go, the Earth, .was called after her Name, as Hea^ 
+
+ven had been after.thnt of her Hufhand... . • s 
+
+« # 
+
+i.^h- Who were Contemporaries with Uranus, ancivyk^rir' 
+did he live? : . ■ . . s jiti-.r 
+
+: si. Ur.a7;us lived.in.the Year.of the W’o^ld-Sxpx 3,..before-.. 
+Chrift 158-, to which add 1730 makes 3337 Years .hncek 
+his Time. His Contemporaries were AJojct, .the RulCr 
+and Law-giver of the Ijraditcs; Aaron, the High Prieftp 
+Phare ab, King of Egypt ; P any as. King o f Babylon j Dfu~ 
+cation , King of * 7 "bejjaly ; Crotopus , King of Argus j L 
+rat bus,- King of Si cyan ; Alicias, King of Phrygia i.iTrStgs 
+Was not till Tree's . Time ; Jatius, King of Itnh <S>V< ^ 
+/««“, King of Spat-: ; Belgius, King of Gaul. :No PQC ts,: 
+jig Hiftonans at this Time. 
+
+• * * 
+
+£>. flow came the IPatcr to be made a God ? : 
+
+si. If the Exigencies of Life made Numbers of Go.ds 
+to be invented, and led the fir ft Pagans to deify,almpll all 
+the Parcs of the World, efpecially the four Elements, the 
+i-l'uUr had a Title to be one of their ftrft Divinities, face, 
+the antient Philofophy, the Principles w.hcre.of Jb^lts, , 
+fetched from Egypt, ami propagated them afterwards into. 
+G/crrr, taught that it was die firll Principle of all Things 
+and that it had the greateft fjliare in the Production of bo¬ 
+dies ; that it made Nature fruitful,. nouiilhed the Plant?; 
+and Trees; and that were it not lor this, the IvartJi, quite: 
+withered, .parched and burnt up, would be a ftcrilc Mai., 
+and exhibit only a frightful Debu t. But before wngomuy 
+further, we muifc call to mind what we have faid of tins 
+phyiical or natural God., and oi the animated God;-. 
+Tin: IPt Ur, a.; an Element, could only be a phyJii al Di¬ 
+vinity ; but tliofc Cod:, \,ycr^ k Uhnji h it \wtlu-iiL joining. 10 
+
+th'“u\ 
+
+
+
+Hijhbry of rfidGods , 1 X3<ydcfoffe,»'i 295 
+
+them animated dnes, who became thei* 'SyfnbofepaS'O/fj-A , J 
+Orus ,' and //A rln’ion^ the Egyptians, and' Apollo and D/uxit 
+among the Gm^/, became the Symbols of the Stm and - 
+
+Moon. • * .. 
+
+The- Worfhip which was paid to thefe Divinities came 
+to be confounded, nor was the Diffindiionany longot kept : 
+up between the natural Gods, -and thofe-that Were^caHed 
+animated.'’ Juftfo it was withthe’ ffiuftV ;-The tDceart*' 
+the Seas, the Rivers, fsY. beenme the ObjeO-of religious 
+Worfhip j but Ntptune was reckoned an animated God, 
+who prefided over them : The Cafe was the fame • 
+with every Flood and Fountain, and every other Mufs 
+of Water, that had each a particular Divinity, or a 
+Nymph, or Naiad, and the Honours, - that were paid 
+to the Waters in general, were afterwards blended Witlu 
+tliofe that were paid to the repreientative Divinities of 
+the IP'atrr. 
+
+
+That the Water, as an Element, received divine Ho¬ 
+nours is aFaft that cannot be controverted. WhatT^- 
+rodotus fays of the Veneration which the antient Pirfsars'. 
+had for it, the Sacrifices which they offered to it,.-and 
+that they carried Superftition fo far, as not: to dare to fpic r 
+or blow their Nofes, or wafti their Hands in it, -fctfall,' 
+or throw any Ordure into it, nor even make Ofe of: it for. 
+quenching their Fire. S’tralo, on this Occafion, gives 
+much the fame Account with [ ier'.dotta, only he attributes 
+to the Ciippadcciurs, what die other aferibes to the P,t- 
+n <■. 
+
+Saint Cy*v/, a gain ft 'Julian, fays the Pt r fiats did not* 
+indeed pay divine Honours to Stocks and Stones, like the - 
+Gretks, nor did they worfhip the lias aild Icbthumor, 
+
+with the Egyptians, but they adored only the Fire and 
+
+: •' 
+
+h ,lfr ?\ 
+
+
+<r 
+
+
+Though the Egyptians had a peculiar Reiifon for hnvin^ 
+the Sea in Abhorrence, bccaulc they believed it re pic- 
+lented Fyfhvti, the great Giant, yet they had not there¬ 
+fore the I of. Veneration tor Idctn. Saint < y 
+
+w ho, as he was born in Egypt, mull-needs have been 
+acquainted with the' Religion of his Country, utter ha¬ 
+vin' 1 laid, in his Orafir.tr < rain ft the. (A tit iits , in ceiHJra.1 
+
+^ j " »■> 
+
+tin- Eay .rs adorned die if .:t,r, add 1 ., die Erypti, i.-> efpe. 
+r iad\ w<■ i'c <hi* in-.p-iliied in rlie Wurth ip v/liich the/ 
+
+< > U • p l’d 
+
+
+
+z^6 
+
+
+prtidr to that Element, w:mcn they-Rooked upon zis a DL 
+abnitvT' : r ' ; V: 3 -sT/f? 
+
+
+
+/t/ 
+
+
+► ^ ' • ' • ^ f ♦ i I 
+
+Name with 0/7/7/, becaufe in realhv it reprefecfed 1 that: 
+God ; for, a:, lias been laid more, than once, the fame 
+God was the Symbol of feveral Things'at once thus O/?- 
+7 % who in the Heavens represented the Sun, on 'die 
+Earth denoted the Waters of the Nile. Without this DiL 
+tmcuTn we inall never underfhmd the Pe'g.m Theology } 
+i-tit then, f’o loon as we adopt it, vve fnu.1l be perfiiad 
+thr.c the AV/f \v;:« the great Divinity' of the "Egyptians. 
+
+‘j he J\-y/;fu,,‘s reprefen ted the God of the Water by a 
+V afe perforated on all Sides, which they called hydria > 
+the V liiorv which that God had gained over the Firry 
+which was the great Divinity of the PerJiewj, made them 
+lay, th .it the Power of Water exceeded that.of the Firs. 
+According to Vitni-AiiS., Doc k viii. the Pr lefts upon 
+certain i>ays tilled that Vafe with U r r,ter , adorned it with 
+great Magnificence, and then placed it upon a kind of 
+public Thcarse, where all proiirated thcinfelvos before 
+the \ afe, \.iih Hands lifted up to Heaven, and gave 
+r i hanks to the Gods lor the Benefits they received from 
+this Element. The Intention of this Ceremony was to 
+teach the Eyyttinu.', that If'nttr was the Principle of all 
+Things, and had communicated Life and Motion to every 
+Tiring that breathe;. 
+
+But among the People JFatrr, by way of Eminence, 
+was the i\i/iy and to it was referred all the Veneration 
+which they had for chi-. Element. Indeed never was 
+Liver lb r.tcful nor fo neteliary as that is, iince, beftdes 
+rl;t Gi oduefbol its Water, which is a Drink both falutary 
+and debt ions, its periodical Overflowings render 'F.yxft 
+One of the moil ft i tile Countries of the World; whkh t 
+wen; it not for that, would be one of the moll barren and 
+d -i.it t. 1 he f.ijjie Fruitfufnefs it communicates to Wo- 
+i.,en, atul to al! AnitunL ; and it is no iare fling in that 
+Couiitiy, to me Ews due have Nought loith fume tuo, 
+
+lorne 
+
+
+
+li^lcry of itie trods'^tjoddefes* '&c. 307 
+
+. , '\ij^ G J' ^ V J k !\* '.« it. * *~r ; T 
+
+fame three tamos, <Sdats that fucicle tfiree or four Jficjs, 
+and fo of others, j and here, if any Thing amang-.Men,. who 
+have npf Knowledge to aferibe the Honour of all.that is 
+in Feature. tq him who created the fame Apr aur Uf<?> had. 
+a.Iitle to.gfeatajid lively Ackjqoyvledgmenw even of Ho¬ 
+mage, itis undoubtedly R>. beneficial a. River, *, according¬ 
+ly nothing could iurpafs the Refpedt .and Veneration 
+which the Jiad; for it; . ' 
+
+But of all the-Foftivals they celebrated in Honour of* 
+this River, that of Opening the Chanels at the Times of 
+its Swelling was the mod folexnn and magnificent. I 
+ilinll not at prefent weary my young Readers with a De- 
+feription of this,Fcflival, at which tae antient Kings of 
+
+if aififted in Perfon, accompanied by their Minilters, 
+by all the Grandees of the Kingdom, and by an innume¬ 
+rable Multitude of People; you may confult the third 
+Voyage of Paul Lucas, tor the Defcription of this Fefli - 
+val given by M. dc Llurd.:tt y and other Travellers, who 
+have given a.curious and particular Defcription of it. I 
+Until only fay, that by way of Thanks before-hand to.phe 
+River, for the Benefits which the Overflowing was to pro¬ 
+duce, they ufed to throw into it, in the Form of Saciif.ce, 
+Barley, Corn, Sugar, and other Fruits. - What was prac- 
+tifod at Mc7npb : Sj upon tire Opening of Lhe Chanel, was 
+in like manner proportionally performed in the Provinces j 
+and \vc may lay, that the Seaton of cutting the A//, fo 
+it.is called in that Country, w ar, a general Feilival through¬ 
+out ail . , 
+
+But, as Superdition knows no Bounds, they ftained with 
+Blood, and that in the mull cruel Manner, a D;;y that 
+leemed to breathe notiling but Joy. by the S.iciihce of a 
+\our.g Virgin, whom they drowned in- rhis River: A bar- 
+baum., Cudor.i, which killed a veiy lung Time, and was 
+fi> difficult to be abulilhcd, that notiiing would latisfy the 
+People, wjien this S:u ih'ice came to be abloiuuly piohi- 
+hited, but to lacrikce at lead the Repicicutaliou ui* it 
+>oung i’e: Ion. 
+
+The FeliivaTllill continues, though the Avarice of the 
+/*.;/'(.for they are under the Dominion of the / a <> • ) 
+makes jt leks kdcimi ; the lame Libations are pciiumiuR 
+t" the A.;, , W;'h CJilerinv', ot Fruit: and J’ultei ; ami the 
+Feu's, called (’• tjn: mod iguoi am: of all Aioit.d , 
+
+
+
+Hffifry'. zffijM&d&sz fr £3$.\ 
+
+fome.$i£$ ofradarofs; 2 tilhei {kvccj Egyptians, ijpaicL valfefai 
+reji^joiia^ iYVarihipdo tkcAfater^ under, the: Symbol afitheifl 
+Goi (Zanot'ih^i whi 
+
+
+-lion 
+
+
+raprdkflfrtdithat lElemeitf^. n 
+JiHectf are the<jt£nih& Generations, according tbihe,Qpj* 
+nion; of ) ihd GhaJ'ikans+ < ;with ike X) nr anon, of*, each Rexgix; 
+in .Surpfli -fThc;Anticnt©divided Tima into! Sarts^\JSrxi j* 
+and iSnfj-i :: .'aThe- Sarey f’Sarin:) according, .to Synotilus,- jde- ■ 
+noted- three, thousand fat - hundred. Years ? the Atari ( N>\-i 
+ra&)~,S\x. hundred ;:and -the Soft; f Softer) fixiy %.> which 
+makes the Duration of the firft Reigns an infinite- Num¬ 
+ber of-Years, every King liaving reigned fevcral Sara; 
+but. when one coniidecs the Sares only as Years of-Days* 
+the: Computation of thefe antient.- Authors.. agrees ; .v/£li: 
+enough, with the Years afiigned by Mvfs. to die: fill ;F.a-, 
+triarchs, • - • 
+
+
+t, 
+
+4 
+
+F 
+
+4 
+
+I % 
+
+l 
+
+
+4 
+
+A 
+
+tv 
+
+
+H 
+
+4 
+
+
+Acccrding to A- 
+fricanus. 
+
+
+A hr us rcig 
+
+net] 
+
+Sares. 
+
+.10 
+
+Alafpeacus 
+
+3 
+
+Amdon 
+
+3 3 
+
+Atncr.cn 
+
+12 
+
+Ah talar us 
+
+i8 
+
+Da onus 
+
+29 
+
+Evedorachus 
+
+i 4 • 
+
+18 
+
+A Aphis 
+
+1 t l 4 f 1 
+
+JO 
+
+* • 1 
+r... 
+
+• .8 
+
+Xixuirus 
+
+iS 
+
+
+According to A- 
+bydenus in the 
+fame Author . 
+
+
+A hr as 
+
+IQ 
+
+Alia par us 
+
+3 
+
+Ami liar us 
+
+*3 
+
+Amenm 
+
+12 
+
+Ah >ralar us 
+
+18 
+
+Dacs 
+
+TO 
+
+L vc dorr feus 
+
+l 8 
+
+% 
+
+Aucdaphus 
+
+1 
+
+9 
+
+9 
+
+Sifuthrus 
+
+* 
+
+4 . 
+
+
+According to A- 
+
+o 
+
+pollodon.s/^i'^f 
+fame Author. 
+
+
+. A lor us 
+
+,10 
+
+A 
+
+A lap ar us. v 
+
+• 
+
+' * ( 
+t 9 m % 
+
+■Amelon. 
+
+
+A7)1071071 
+
+« * 
+
+Ahgalarus 
+
+i3 
+
+Da onu s 
+
+I Cr 
+
+Eve do rife US' 
+
+TS 
+
+Arncnpjinus. 
+
+,J ib 
+
+Otjuries. \ . 
+
+• 8 
+
+Xaxutvus 
+
+. 1A 
+
+
+$h^c, in ibis Syftcmcf the CJ.udd<atis,‘ it is taken for 
+grunted, that Aluius n. Adam, there is no doubt but Xixu- 
+// 'h s inuit be Noah • ■ 
+
+
+X. Kov/came Xixtttnu tn be ranked among the Gods ’ 
+
+X: dibrofnis , or rt, having 'appeared tt> Xixutru; iu 
+
+a Dteritii, forewarned him, 'that on the fftcenlh' of >tht; 
+
+MOnfh P.vfirn Mankind vvero in Ledodinyed bv a Delude, 
+
+* # * 
+
+and rujouwd' him to wnil' down the (.Origin, the IJidoiw 
+arid t:ie'iaid-oi Thing*: ; ami to amec.il hh iY.Vnmii 4 : 
+
+
+
+Hijlury, ths ] Gods* ■ z%$ ; . 
+
+urid&ilGikM^r'in'tty.CiW'.Gfsittis Surtp'nhmed StfpAxa. 
+After’cKis keiwastc*build a-Ship, , ta>lay i mthcir -ti ecefifaxy' 
+Provifions, and encerdritcxk'hii&felf;' iiis Fliends .and’Re-*-* 
+lation&V and giut-dri with him. the- 1 Birds, and.four-footed 
+BeafisM Xixutrus put dm. Orders .•ptmftuaily ini Ertecbcicmy * 
+and miidti'- a Ship;: which Was ttva'Furlcfagsi in Breath*: 
+(that-is, - two hundred/and fifty.-.Faces-,- a-.-Quarter- df-'a.' 
+Mile) and'fiveia Length, (about three Quarters; ofi :a 
+Mile) and no fooner had he entered into it than the Earth • 
+was drowned. • 
+
+Some Time after, feeing the Waters abated, he let go 
+Tome Fowls, which, finding neither Nourifhment nor Red- ' 
+ing-place, returned into the Vefibl. A few Days *after' 
+he feuc oot others, that returned with-Bits of Mud on their * 
+Claws. The third time he let them go they appeared : 
+no more ; whence he concluded, that the Earth was be¬ 
+ginning to befufficientlydilcovered. Then he made a Win¬ 
+dow in the Veflel, and, finding it had refted upon a Moun¬ 
+tain, he came forth with his Wife, his Daughter, and the 
+Pilot ; and, having paid Adoration to the Earth, railed an 
+Altar, and offered Sacrifice to the Gods, he and they' 
+that were with him difappenred. Thofij that fluid in the 
+Ship, find ng that they did not return, came out and 
+
+made fearch for them, but in vain ; only thev heard a 
+
+* • 
+
+V oice founding thole Words in their Ears, A '..-.iiti us, by 
+the Merit of his Piety, is trail Hated to Heaven, and rank¬ 
+ed among the Gods, with thole who accompanied him. 
+The lame Voice exhorted them to be relit. 1 ion:., and to re- 
+pair to llubjlqn'j after digging up at a the Memoirs 
+
+that had been depofited there. The Voice being heard 
+no more, they fet about icbuilding the City 1 have nan'icd ? . 
+with Ionic others.- - ' 
+
+
+,*p. When did Xixutrui live, and who were hi: Contem¬ 
+poraries ? 
+
+-/ Every one, at firfl fight, will fee that this i; nothing 
+but the Hillory of ATbA*. Flood, digeltcd by the Cb /- 
+•A ms and UricJu. Xxtb (who; is, ul.h? calfed JUkih A-»- 
+t:tvn, funiiSy ivc.) lived m the.Year ol tjm,World• i.oy, 
+bffon: C'Uriil ?o",'a, to which add l makes it jfoo 
+V i'.ir; lima; hi. Time. I iis Coiuempoi .mcs were AM. / , 
+-b, :'<.</< /,,•/■ hi-, (Grandfather, t.unui> hi* l .viler, 
+
+A- n/'e/.-j, fun: '-on 4 . ( h ///, tin.' cldefi, r.nd-.h.-r 
+
+Cs» L’uEc* U v 
+
+
+
+H{jfibry>6fiW&G&fepGsb 
+
+^9# q^tyb r fettled. i& iSyrur^r, \Aaabim eand jffbifcji <Sbxrta, uhc: 
+
+fe§OQjd SfoaQ and&is Pofbcri ty-fett led Eaft andSoatthdfr^w; 
+
+.7i \rt?r/j [dr>fte$ttus)7&& hrs/Bdfterity fettle dd n -die No r thj a nd. 
+
+Wjdt Estrap's. js ham ihad/lfour fidus^ fehv 
+
+7 W4”% vJ?x6\i ifdifrtihMy. »: Gqjh'J ) CanAasd s: Poflcrixy; j fettled 
+fe §ido>n e cal led vfrom; hh'hj.£2tf*r<zaa£ co£ hiimtlie Jjtbnji tr s 
+i t f rgjjriu* IrlisviiCf Stci-Of Pbut £arnei tl i&fedjaviEsk/’:;3^^; 
+
+Q/f Kljraim : c am kCaJk chi sk; ■ ofTh Ini; PbdUjttm; 3hd of 
+>'nit)i:£,i\mC: LiningCapbioiimi Of-Cuj/s came Mr, Had;Huh) 
+Pa 4.11 n r Nin/rodj. Sc c. : Sdrjw had five Sons, Elam, Jjbur , 
+.Axphaxctd? 'laid, drain ; from EUm* the Pcrjir.ns , .were de¬ 
+fended, Den.- viiu from PJitir the djjytiam 'from.-^z-- 
+/ baxfiJ ,xiefeended Salab*, Ebcr, Pcleg, Rea,. .Serag..: ..From 1 
+deicended the. Lyb'uvis from dram - defeended.' ;tlxc« 
+Xvr/V?»j. Juphrt had feven Sons, Gomsr,::Magog y Etadui'i. 
+[/five;?/) TuJuzJy IvJrjbcch) Dir as. Gamor had three: Sons ; 
+djkmaXy of him arc defeended the Gtrmans and Gauls* 
+Pij>bo. f, of' him are defeended the Cimbrr near Ponius 
+Kvx-mts* Togams/, of him are defeended the Coppn - 
+dcfiay.Sy E.zck .xxxviii. 6. Magog the fecond Sen, off 
+him are defeended the Scythians, fee Each. xxxyi. a. Ma- 
+drj the third Son, of him are defeended the Med;:. >Ja~ 
+'.mri had four Sons, Ehjoc , DsirJJA/h, Kit tin:, Dodanim. By 
+Eilyhas Poflcri ty was planted ELs and P depone fur.. Ey 
+'PutjbijCs Poflerity was planted Tarfus, P bet nice, Carthage. 
+Kiiti/ns Poflerity fettled in Cntc , fe«/v, Dun:. xxiv. 
+Orv. ii. Dodeimm, f rom him Jupiter Dodo-awns his Sons 
+v/cre called Jujittr, From Dubai, Ja;hit's Son, came die 
+Iberian:, near Peat us Euxinus, and fa id to go.into dfic 
+and Sp t ,;v. From blj/.cth defeended .the ftjujco*viftj and 
+Cuppadcibans, P.zsl. :;xxviii. z. From 77/.-.v, Jepb.t's 
+feventh Son, nre defeended *;hc Thradir.s\ . Thus we fee 
+how the World was rc-peopled by Koab, his Sons, and 
+
+their Poflerity. 
+
+* 
+
+_,hh . AVhat Kind of Gods and Worfhip had tlic Vm\;s of 
+P/• }'*/?'* . 
+
+1 L { 4 , / • > i .... 4 
+
+■ The.facred i'ircy preferved almoll by every Nation 
+
+of the..Worlds hw:?._s .rdfo the (,h:jcit of thc fup.erllitimis 
+Vforflup nf /die ..r:> .The Nations ’ moil adjoining 
+
+to .7/id have'i'cm’ples, where the Fire is carefully pre-, 
+lerved ; aiul tilde Ttonp’cr, aie nudUy built in around 
+i onn, .as v/er-e thole of / <jL<. In L:mjiu?;u the A <;/.s 
+
+have 
+
+
+
+
+
+hai-e -oneofthero, hvbere-.a Gaiard-.w&tcbEdcdntihu^Hy for? 
+the Pr efervaribri. of'the Eire,-\vrhick r ! ;i3 never.. differed- t6 r - 
+
+r . ty • i ' t M ?.- • r* .t 'f m ' >« ^ 
+
+
+
+very :£rirpriling 
+
+
+. up 
+
+for the service : dfl the St) 
+
+
+»Compjinies^oi vxrgins let apart 
+whofs Larva hvere I even'hifenj 1 
+
+
+fevere vthita .thofe of! (the; t JZezvati Veilalis, .{feeiG ar-eiil'dffbG 
+Book ib. -ck. . i;)' anti '.tire :;Punifhment'- when sthoy''^holi ef 
+tKcir Vdws . precifely the: fame, fihcejthey were ((burled.. 
+alive.-• They - who had debauched them were'puniihei 
+with far more Rigour than.at Rome, fince the Punifhment 
+extandecT-not only to the whole .Family, • but even to the-. 
+Fiacehvhere they, were born’;, its whole Inhabitants were , 
+utterly-extirpated, nor:did they leave fo much; as’ one* 
+Stone-Upon another. The faicred' Fire . : was . equally re-- 
+vered in Afrv/ov’and • committed to the Care of’Vellals,* 
+who led a very. regular Life ; arid if -the Savages of this 
+vaft’Continent had not all of them Temples to maintain 
+it therein, the Halls of their Councils, made much after the 
+Fafhion of the Prytarida of the Greeks, were employed 
+for this Ufe, chiefly among the Irequals and the Humus . . 
+
+The-r«a/j of Pi.ru, and their Defcentlants at this Day, 
+as veil as the Notches of Lwifittna, like the antient Kings 
+or Heroes, who pretended to be the Sons of Jupiter or 
+Hercules , call themfelvcs the Offspring of the Sim. 
+
+0 
+
+What Divinities had the Tenth aligned to diem ? 
+
+Jl.- The Youth had the Goddds Htb ., the.Daughter of 
+Jn v7,r and Juno, and the Goddefs. llorta, over them .as 
+their Prate&refles and Govcrned'es. • • • • 
+
+« i 
+
+. L • • • • •’ • • 
+
+YK What were thofe which were called*dic Games .of 
+the Tou^h ? ‘ • ‘ 
+
+A. The Game of the Youth was called the Trajan 
+Game, which Eneas inftituted at the Funeral-games of 
+his Father, (fee Ph-gii's i^Encid, Book v.). and was for the 
+Youth, who, being divided into two Bands, Ihcwcd therein 
+both (Heir Valour and AddrcGC The RiuuutSy who adopt¬ 
+ed this'So,vtiof Combat,- reprcfented.it inx-th bX'ittdus-fylla, 
+a-, we read'.in .Phitorehj (feudiim upon Yyll ).exhibited this 
+Show ; Luc Civil Wars interrupted the Performance there¬ 
+of until C.r/dr\ who vebored it, as we are told b '/Sue¬ 
+tonius: Try, un U Jit turn; a dujh .V major tins ■ minors su^ ue 
+
+fUit’O- 
+
+
+
+3 
+
+
+
+
+
+pu era rum, (feeirhim UpOnL Co*far -,) and from that Time 
+the Representations thereof were prettyTrequefft^ fince 
+the fame Author informs us, that Tiberius Cali gala ^.Clau¬ 
+dius and Nero , exhibited it to th z Roman People * hutnone 
+©f the Emperos either- with r -fo much- Pomp, or. often a‘s 
+Augufius, who : give * sc Reprefentation' oft ib' for] the;/firlt 
+time after- theVi&ory at j 3 £Hupi}:\ul: the . YfcariofTR&ny 
+726. This Prince chofe for.the-Purpofp^Gon^ahie^ 
+from among the Reman' Youtlv the one yohnger;:and the 
+other of a more advanced Age; inajorum * irtiporum, 1 ut 
+dele&u, as it is in Suetonius; being' perfuaded ithatithis 
+Exercife would - give the- Youth of Quality, afi Opportafiity 
+of forming themfelves,: -and. of fhe wing'the jr lAddfefsiTIrf 
+order, to give a juft Idea, of it*i I-behettejEfimndETdd* 
+better than copy tie Defcription bf it fiom Virgil : v*a X A 51 
+
+
+4 . * 
+
+
+~ * 
+
+
+• I 
+
+
+1*0 ?1 sn : 
+
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+
+Now call the Prince, before the Games-were dbnef, ” 
+The hoary Guardian of his royal Son, . ; * • - 
+
+And gently whifpers in his faithful Ear, : 
+
+To bid Ajcanim in his Arms appear^ •' L 
+
+44 And with his-youthful Band and. Coarfer corner c ‘ 
+41 To pay ducTibnonrs athis Granrifn’e^Tombi :/ " 
+44 Next he commands the huge aflembled Train :: i * 
+11 To quit the Ground, and leave.an operiPlain--.. <1 1 
+44 Strait on their bridled Steeds,: with Grace divine^ 
+
+44 The beauteous Youths before their Fathers, fbiae* 
+
+_ _ % * 
+
+44 The blooming .Treians and ^fV/V/cz/i tnrong^ Li 4 
+44 And :gaa’d with Wonder as. they mareh’dalong:}.’. 
+
+44 Around their. Brow$*aAdvid Wreaihj they: wore/;; .< 
+
+44 Two ghtteringTaheesp :tipt with; Steel they boi£'t ' 
+44 Thefeia; fight* Quiver iior , dwich-> Shafts fsfftain^/j>7 • 
+44 And from their Neck depents a golden cC&unv ok '* 
+44 On fprightly Steeds advance three graceful 'Binds^ ' 
+44 And each a little blooming Chief commands.' 'i 
+44 Eeneath-'each-Chief twelve fprightly Striplings came. 
+In fhiningl 'Arms;; in. Locdcriand. AgefhejIaEnej d T ** 
+Gsiaktfd wigii his. G randfi^e?s N T * * 
+Young Priax/j fcstis*thef£rft> 
+
+“.vAj Youth} iwhofe^Pxb 
+44 .ife.prefs’da dapple 
+
+44 Before, while Spots on either Foot apprear 
+“•‘>Asufc en h LsTorehead blaa?d ? a SalvapSrovk 
+
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+44 
+
+
+
+A. 
+
+
+
+
+ft 
+
+« 
+
+it 
+
+€6 
+
+
+Hijthyyr-ofilthe. LGSds^hGSddjeiles, £s TcCv . 303 
+
+■_,Jiyx the next advanc'd, with Looks diving 
+
+
+^ . 
+
+
+>Jiyx- rthfi' Source of the great linear ■ . * - • t 1;; 
+
+v. Julusl Eriendihip grac’d the lovelyBoyir<y,\ 
+
+
+I T 
+
+
+Andilaft ^Wicame, the:Pride ofiTray+j . 
+^IttiGhatms fuperior\tD the? bloomingiTramv;j; • 
+^ i And: fpurr’di his Tyriear CouifeivtQ: the? Plaint 
+
+
+€€ 
+
+U 
+
+% « 
+
+u 
+
+u 
+
+
+^ • »• 
+
+w A - 4 « t * 
+
+- o 
+
+M fff*« 
+
+
+4( 
+
+(C 
+
+U 
+
+
+“-Which tB'i&a:- ^ave: the.princely Youth,/ to iprovaTtn 
+A lading -Pledge, .memorial: o£ her ;3aove. c t : -i T 
+Thr inferior:Boys on beauteoua Gourfenside^.t; ^ a 
+F rom great Ancejles' ray 2 d Stalls.fupply’dr: u -v ’ 
+
+Nowlflulh’cLv/ith Hopes,' now pale, with anxiousPesny 
+“iiBefbnq thii fimutiiig Crowds,, the*Youths;appear p\ 
+
+*5. ! T he lhoiihngCrow.ds‘ admire .their Charms $( and trac© 1 
+^uThcir Patent stLihei in: every:lovely J* ace. • v. c*: ry- 
+
+Now rdund'thePing;: before their Fathers*: ndet; . 
+The Boys in all their military Pride, 
+
+.'Till' Btrvphantc .^founding Lalh from far “ * 
+
+Gave the loudrSignal to the mimic War; . • 
+
+Strait, in three Banda diftintt, they 1 break awayv 
+“ Divide in Order,? and their Ranks difplay : . . 
+Swiftra±> the Summons:they return; ;ahd throw. ' 
+
+At once theinhcffile Lances, atrheioe :: 1 - 
+c< Then take a-hew-Excnrfidm to the Plains ?. • 
+
+4 ‘ Round, within Round, an; endlefr Gtnirfe maintain^ 
+u Axid now:advatice; and round.retreat again ; v : 
+
+« With, iwdhdiflembled Rage their Rivals-dare, * •' 
+
+And pleafetke-.Crowd with Images of War.; 
+Altgmsitemo w* idiey* tnm their Backs in Plight,.:: ■. 
+
+“ NQW'^art.nhmmLanctfsiAandreuew the^Fi 
+“ Tked istik Moment £rom:the?Gonibat cealeg o a i 
+“ Rejoin iheir fcafctercdBands, ;audmove mPeiacel' " 
+“ So wijodsjdedaiive,: ina thooland'Ways r . :i b:: x ' 
+
+“ Perpfexfchndintricate, the Cr^rrf« Maze?-:r ; r .*0 *’ 
+“ Round withinRound, theblind Meanders run^A 
+lUntraddami dark;.an& eaid. where^theyjb^on^ a ' 
+ThesfkdfulnYouthsuttSpint, 1 alternate/ply.? i n u i. “ 
+
+Tbefr^ftiftfo^GouiiV** by: turns dlieiyi hgV 
+
+
+
+a 
+
+« 
+
+
+«( 
+
+
+
+30*.)’I no <:n j'-r) 'din* ** 
+
+Such was the.Ofder r -iof thefeiGi tunes;; iadd^.uilrabaftef- 
+wards, sifcamus built the City Alba longa (fee Virgil, in the 
+
+fame 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+g 04•- Hljhxy cf the (jbdsf &oddb{Izsjr&F*. 
+
+' • - '1 >. — t - a * . .* ».* 
+
+
+*1: • ^ 
+
+
+fame End'd) he 7 brought this ‘military Diverfen ‘In -Re-, 
+pute, and taught that Exercife to the antient Latins. The 
+si lb am? having recievcd it from him, ;tranfrn.itted .Tfc.dcwn 
+ta theirTofterity.'Xnflne, Rome, in Honour of the Memory 
+of.its Eohsders,’ refumed die TJfc of that-, anti eh t Carroa- 
+fel,' and .tlHfBody. of, Youths that we re.prepared.fori this 
+Exerdfisu: .was lull called, in the Time of Virgil? the 
+Trojan Band. . . 
+
+
+^ 1 • • ► 
+
+j£>. What Kind of Games were thofe of Augujlvs,? 
+
+A. Tacitus? in his Annals, Rook-iv. ch. 15.., informs- us, 
+tKat thefe Games were inflituted in Honourof .Augujhti, 
+at.the Requeft of the Tr ilur.es of the People, who ,sliced 
+Liberty to exhibit them at.their, own Charges, and.that 
+the Celebration of them IhouJd. be marked in the public 
+
+Calendar. But what that Hiitorian advances on this Head 
+
+• « • • ' * 
+
+is not accurate, fincc it was neither on that Occafion thofe 
+
+• # m 
+
+Games were inflituted, nor that they were regiitered. for 
+die firfl. time in the Calendar, ftnee their Original reaches, 
+back’to the Year of Rare 735 j when Augufius , after 
+having made die Tour of Grace and Sicily upon h}§.Re¬ 
+turn to Rc.mc 9 allowed an Altar ta be. railed. For tuna- rc-\ 
+Jupi, to Fortune of fafe CcncUiS? and that Lav was. marked- 
+irxthe Calendar under the.Name of. AuguJLJia (fee -Die - : 
+Jon,:, ch. ^9.) and it was eight pays after, under the: 
+Con fill (hip of -Hi lius T,nacre, and Paul us Pali us, that thefe 
+Games were inflituted by an ASi of the Senate, and ce¬ 
+lebrated for the iirll time on the fourth of the Ides of Ch- • 
+
+• • * • 
+
+tober, that is, the eleventh of the laid Month.;, t 
+
+
+' • * . ^ . . . / 1 ki 
+
+S>. What were the Ci.piitline Games ? , 
+
+. si. Thefe Games were founded bv the Rcvti'r.' accord-- 
+
+• * ^ * , f 
+
+jng to Titus Li-iu.s, to thank the Gods for having favud 
+the Capitol, when the Gauls plundered Run,: ; and to add 
+to then* Magnificence, and at the lame .time that they 
+wipht be renewed,at dated Times, n new College of Priejls 
+was uillituted : Cajuiclines w, fays that. Author, jilcm- . 
+mins tiiiis nJJtdintus ; roll,yi union j a, 1,1 iJit ravum, s, (it err 
+famtit coK’JiJin.ns. in thefe Games tinec Sorts of p.xer-, 
+
+►/ * p % k • *■ 
+
+cifes were commonly exhibited, the TJorfe-racc, the Trial 
+in vocal and iiilbument.il Mu 11c, and tin; </j 
+(j.’iuic'i ; tli.it is, all thole who coiuj oled the VuUatpt run, 
+that is, an Kxercife containing 01 J.vo Games, i’.eaj iiig., 
+
+.Runnu , g, 
+
+\ I 
+
+
+
+
+IJi£ory tfo Gods, Gqd.^eSgs,..^- 3°5, 
+
+j i - - *— »v/* # * —— •'.' y*“ - - " ‘V.v*v , • ^ • 1 • 
+
+Running, Qdoiting, Darting and V^rcftling. . See Retrtts. 
+
+" - * - * ** ***’ - •« ^ -** ' — - ■ V “- - — • 
+
+ratrcr. _ 
+
+# «T . - * - - •* - - # A ^ s " - ~ - 
+
+
+>. ~ 
+
+
+
+
+of 
+
+
+PK A^raFSohrhf Games were thofe o££Wj £“ i. ■ " ;' * 
+
+A. : T¥o tigh - the- Grceh celebrated' the 1 ; greater dird; Iefier ^ 
+My Series jri dTo-nobr-to Ct-rrs; yet 5 a Barnes weV^'therein’ 
+reprelefited^ thofe ‘ffpea&of herd ^pvre their Ongipaf tb ‘ 
+t Yi&Jl^r&hs,' arid, according to Tati tics; &inais' r y!&d ofc'xvc;' 
+it was C. Marumi us, while he was EJi/e , gave' tlie : iiVil 
+Reprefen ration of them in the Circus. But he was not 
+their Founder, fince wc learn from ‘Titus Li<v:us 9 m t hat. long 
+before lump even from the fecond frwzrWar,- under the 
+£)iftaiaffliip o£$fr e vttins Gtminus, they had been exhibited. 
+The' Celebration, of thefc Games, which laded eight Day;;, 
+commenced on the Day before the Ides, or on the,twelfth 
+
+r > • xi . ■» • ' * m • ' 
+
+or . • - • 
+
+Ad in thefc Games the Mourning of Ceres for the Rape, 
+her Daughter was commemorated, as well as in the, 
+£/Wy//Fe7f Myileries, the Rcmr.u Ladies appeared tire re in* 
+white Robes, with lighted Torches in their Hands, to* 
+reprefent- that Goddefs leaking for her dear Pro/crpine,. 
+The Merf too-joined in them came thither fading; fot 
+The driclelb AbiHuence was enjoined before Night, cfpo- 
+cially From. ‘Wine' and" Women, and moft punctually ob- 
+fcrvbd too; the fmallcft Blemifh excluding the Spectators-- 
+from them, and the public Herald took care to warn all 
+who might profane them to quit the Aflembly. If any, 
+one was convicted of having Rained his Purity, he was 
+punifhed with- no lets than Death. This is confirmed, 
+by the unanimous Teibimony of all tlic Hiftariins, who 
+have fpoke of the Celebration of thefc Games,. and it 
+would be an cafy matter to quote them. As to what re¬ 
+mains, ' the fame Shows were exhibited there as in the: 
+other Games, especially that of the Horfc-race. I be-" 
+Ueve they were celebrated every fifth Year ; at leafy it 
+was after fuclx Jin Interval, that the Hi by line Oracles or¬ 
+dained a Day of Falling, by way of Preparation for them, 
+to which was added the Ufe of the- warm Bath, as very 
+conducive to Continency and purity, with which they, 
+were obliged to come up to the Solemnity. • ‘ 
+
+i i 
+
+i? Of what Sort were the ditinc Games ? 
+
+ul. Atnmjius, accordin'-; to Scutuuius^ after the Fiery. 
+
+ho 
+
+
+
+go 6 Hifiory bfithb Go 3 s, 'GodcJeflesy 
+
+he-gm^ed aver Mar £ Antony, -built the City iNicopblis, and 
+there in/lituted Gaines In Honour of Apollo, to be renewed 1 
+every fifth Year. Dion Chry/oftom , Book li. adds, that 
+sn their .Celebration tlisGynmic 'Trials of Skiff vvere ad¬ 
+mitted, with thofe of Mufick, and the Ho rfe-races-; that 
+jfugu/iits gave them the Name- of /lSiac r frorrV'fthe 1 Pro¬ 
+montory, of that Name,- where -Apollo, to- whom''he be- 
+Heved-femfelf indebted for the Advantage he had gained 
+©ver the Enemy, was efpecially honoured ;'that Ke com-' 
+Blitted the Care of them to four Colleges of Prieife 5 
+namely, the Pontiffs, Augurs, Septetnmirs, and Guindicim- 
+rjirs; and that they were celebrated afterwards at Romr r 
+in the Stadium made for that Purpofe in the Campus 
+Martins* From thefe two Authors it appears, that- Au~ 
+gufttts was the Founder of the Games; but Strobe , more 
+ex a£l, informs us, that they were celebrated at the Pro- 
+montory of A 3 item long before him, and that he -Only 
+renewed them, added to their Solemnity, and ordered 
+them to be repeated every fifth Year; whereas before 
+they were reprefented every third Year; and there the Con¬ 
+querors were crowned, as in the other Games. 
+
+4 J. Of what Sort were the Agonal and AJlic Games ? ’■ 
+
+A. Thefe Games, which were celebrated at Rome with 
+a great deal of Magnificence, were fo called from the 
+Vidtim that was offered there, which went by the Name 
+of Sgtmia. As the ibtr fometimes overflowed the Plain 
+where the Circus flood, they were re prefer! ted near one 
+of the Gates of Rome, which from thence was called 
+Agonal, as well as the little Hills adjoining. 
+
+The Ajr.c Games were originally Greek, and' arc the 
+fame of the Scenic Kind : The Remans borrowed them 
+from the Athenians,, and the Emperor Caligula appointed 
+them to be celebrated firfl at Syracu/'c; but the Neapolitans, 
+who were a Race of a Gr,ch Colony, had represented 
+them before. • Authors are divided as to the Signification 
+of-the Name of thofe Games, fo me are of Opinion, that 
+it'an fivers to Ur bran in Latin, bccaufc they were cele¬ 
+brated in.die Cityv-dn-Oppofition to thofe-that wire' ex¬ 
+hibited in, the - Country, and were therefore’termed' 
+RjiJlici. Aij'onius, in his tenth Milium, fays, the Ren:..us 
+had adopted them, and fee ins to confound them with the 
+ARiac Games; blit perliap- the true PionUiHd.Uioii <d 
+
+this 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+W- 3°T' 
+
+an <fome *>£ 'theManuscripts^' 
+
+otlSxvtaviuSicS ru ,Y. to “:: , e •' r -n w L; -Y-". :•* - "'A‘ 
+
+
+,' bn f. 
+
+
+» 1 ' 
+- v '> 
+
+
+. r * 
+
+
+i ♦ 
+
+
+M 
+
+
+\Vhat.$orfc of Games were thofe that were celebrate* 1 
+ed irtjthe jGamps ? j . \ 
+
+fTjiefef Games did hot require.' for much Geremonjr 
+as the others. ?' .they were, celebrated by the Soldiers diem- * 
+felve.9: in their Gamps, either for; their Exercife or Recre- ? 
+ation.. And,'indeed* nothing was more proper to keep - 
+diem in: Breath than thofe Sorts of Combats, among ; 
+which,, befides Wreftling, Running and other Trials of 
+Skill, it feems they*, fought with the iierceft Animals'; this 
+is. what we. learn from a Paflhge in Suetonius, who fays,. 
+Tifaruts -,:'to „{hew •.he- enjoyed' a perfect State of Health, 
+foj?r$her.e .was a Surmife. to the contrary,, not only was- ., 
+pre&rit atxhcfe Gantes, but himfeif -attacked a Boar with • 
+hid Arrows.?,- 5 . ••• 
+
+
+9 | 
+
+
+Qv .Of what Kind were the Games of Gaft or and Pollux ? 
+
+H. The Ramans, who conferred upon thofe two Heroes 
+a particular Worfliip, inllituted thefe Games in the War 
+they had with the Latins, who had abandoned the Romans^ 
+and joined the Tnr quins* It was the JDi&ator siulus Pojl- 
+humiu: who made a folemn Vow to exhibit thefe Games in 
+Honour of thefe two Heroes, if he was fuccefsful in that 
+Expedition ; and the Senate, in Confirmation of /lulus 
+poll bum ins" s Vow, pafled an A€k for the Continuation of 
+thefe Games, every Year ; (fee Dicnyftus Ha lie a ; na [us. 
+Book vii.)> Nothing exceeded die magnificent Pomp with 
+which they were ulkered in and accompanied, as we learn 
+from the fame Author. After the ordinary Sacrifices,.fays 
+ho.Yuch as prefided over thefe Games let out from the 
+Capitol to march in order through the Forum to the Circus, 
+(fee. Puji'-vinits Ac Lu lis-Circm[hus) where this Show was' 
+exhibited; they were preceded by their Children on 
+1 lorfe-back, when they thcmfelves were of the Equrjirian 
+Order, .while the PL he:ans marched a foot. The-former 
+eompofed fo many Troops, and the latter Companies of 
+Foot -foldijjrs, that Strangers, ■ who came in Crowds to- 1 
+tliis Spectacle, aud who were received on the Occafiond 
+with alb polliblo Regard, might fee the Refource which' 
+R•!//:/ had in that illuflriou:; Body of .Youth, who 1 were.' 
+
+ready to appear loon in the miilil of tluir Artniew Thk 
+
+Pii> 
+
+
+♦ * 
+
+
+
+,g€) 8 Hi-fi.cry]\ofii the .G ods^ G oddefle s, tfic* 
+
+P^pceffipn, followed with Chariots, feme drawn by" two,‘ 
+fame by .-iaur Horfes, and with the other Knights who- 
+were to run in the Circus , was clofed'by the vhbletes, drat 
+ia K , .the. Maffeipwrcfflers, who were alio to light'there. 
+
+
+_ m 
+
+
+r‘ 
+
+
+- * . 
+
+
+in 
+
+
+* * 
+
+
+, ,OfVwhat TCirid. were, the yMcgaUJlasi ,Garneteelebrab 
+
+ed in Honour o CCybil, ^.-and die othei^Great GodtH’^ • 
+
+„ si. .Thefe Games in hit ured by the Greek's.] andpndopted' 
+by thb Romans, ,wcnt by- the-Narhe oEGrbdt Games,V.p- 
+galenfes, from die Goddefs irtwhofe Honour'they:were* 
+celebrated, and who was called the Great-mother.- Cicero,- 
+who informs us, that a :great ■ Concourfe of People’ and 
+Strangers frequented thefe Games, adds, -that- they -were 
+exhibited upon the Palatine Mount, near tho^Temple,-in 
+orderto.be represented in- the-very:Prefenco of the God- 
+Jeff.. Their Celebration fell on the. Daym-beforu 'dhe 
+Ids, that is, die eleventh of slprii. oniviich tl\Q> Roman: - 
+had revived lier Worship. “ Pertulere Deam pridie 
+ti ‘ Idus Ap.rilis : ifqu-e Dies felHs fadtus fait pop ulus fre- 
+quenter dona Des? in pallatium tulic, ledtifferniumque 
+*\ &. ludi fuere, Megalefia appellata-V Titus■ Linsius -xzix , r 
+Some Authors have confounded thefe Games with th'ofe 
+of the other Great Gods, - who had the fame-Name'; 
+but Cicero {in Vcrruni. Book v.) plainly diffinguifhes them. 
+The laft had been- inffituted by. Tar pun the Elder, the 
+others not till the Rctnaus brought from .PcJJinus the Wor-' 
+fhip aCCybclc, in the Ystar of Romr 543, under, the Con- 
+fullhip of Cornelius Cctbrgus, and. Cornelius Tuditnmis. 
+The Day of- their .Celebration was- likewife. different, 
+lince thefe of Cybele fell on the Day before the Ides of 
+si 'byl-y. as 1 has, been now, fa id iionv.Ticis'ti'Oi us^ aivd’thdfc 
+of the Crcat Gods, on die Day before die Calcnds ’of St/:- ' 
+tanker, as wc learn frouu Cicero , in the Paflage already 
+qyoted, .. ... - ■’ 
+
+
+a • 
+
+
+* 
+
+FT . Of what Sort wore - the Floral Games ?■ - 
+si* In order to underhand what 1 have today upon thofc 
+Gtune:q we, muff, calf to mind what hair been obferved 
+clfe;where;of the Goddefs Flora ,■ woiihippcd at' Rome from- 
+the foundation.of that .City,- ; or .from- the Time oWHv/.v* 
+lus and Nunn;. She had Prieffs and Eelli/ah, ’and! was 
+different front the Court,fan of the lame flame, who 
+inadc die.Senate and People of Home Heir:, to an Eilate, 
+
+which 
+
+
+
+Jlijloryfi of.the-Go ds/. GddJefiL$ v r £fc. §09 
+
+which -fric had‘madcby Proftitution.-' -Further, if waVrlot 
+upon the Eilate fhe-hnd lefr,- that the F/crrAf Cxiimcs were 
+instituted,.-nor upon the Money raifed by their Representa¬ 
+tion, - : aq fome Authors will have itbut upon--the-Fines 
+to which thole were condemned who had been convitted 
+of Peculation*.-that is, the Crime-of Healing* 5 'detaining, 
+or embezzling pub lick? Money-or Goods, as - we-Teafti 
+from-- Fcjh,' Book vii.-ver: 279and more parti¬ 
+
+cularly from-Medals, on 'which' were 1 represented‘ the 
+Genius of the .Raman People, with the Figure of a Ram, 
+or of a Sheep, theSymbols of Peculation:' Thcfe Medals, 
+which are. of Silver, were ilruelc during the Edilefhip 6f 
+j 'nhlins Malcolm, and thelnflitutiori of the Games falls 
+under the Confulihip of- Claudius' Centho, and Marat's Sctn- 
+Cranii #*. in the Year of Rowe '513 ; but it was not till the 
+Yoar 580, that thefe Games became annual, on occafiori 
+of a Famine which lulled three Years; and which had 
+been ufhered in by cold and rainy Springs ; the Senate, 
+to, appeafe FJjm, and obtain better Crops, having palled 
+an At\ -that Year, appointing the annual Celebration'of 
+thefe Games the fourth of the Calends of Mf, which' is 
+the twenty-eighth of Aprils in Honour of-that-Goddtis, 
+which was regularly executed for the future. 
+
+
+1 •** 
+
+
+. Cvivcnire patr.es, & fi bene - ficreat annus^ • 
+
+■N; '.minibus nejiris annuafjla vovent. 
+jlrnv :.imus volts ; earful cum confute Lecnus 
+Pylhutnis ludos perjolvere ?7iibi. 
+
+‘ Ovid. 'Faff. Lib. v. ^2 < . 
+
+: • ;T { s .-»!■ l • - 1 1 * ■ 
+
+.Though the Expence of thefe Games was not defrayed 
+
+from the Eilate.. of: the CourtiSan F.Wj-, they iVuifl- needs 
+however have been inftituted upon the Occafion of ’ her 
+Teilament, chough afterwards they were dedicated to the 
+antient /', , Since therein the Mem01 y of the Gallan¬ 
+
+tries oi' the former was kept up, by the c::colHve-Liberty, 
+or. rather the. .unbounded Licentiomnelh-and l'rdpCklence 
+Opt prevailed there, as-has been; laid in it.vproper Place, 
+wheiOr i,,mentioned, a- Circimi dance - of»rj’s Lifekwho* 
+left them, ihiip he might not En r ?thu'Teo^Io‘Under 'a‘Rc- 
+llrainl bv his PrdOuOc.' 'i 
+
+
+
+< g j o tSJl(/ay i k/L ikeXj ocl s ^ G 'odd effe s. 
+
+
+'Ii U 
+
+
+f - 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+a 
+
+
+
+
+» «/ A . A 
+
+
+< t -* 
+
+
+' *" f r ^ ♦ i i ► | 1 
+
+• - * * *. J - !>• W 4 ft 
+
+
+Tell me.of feme other G'antes. -- v - -' 1 - 
+I.ifhould never have done, were I- to-ipeak -at any 
+> length. of all rhe. Other Games,' fincc there wer£-ho coiift- 
+derable Cities in die Roman Empire, but valued ihem- 
+felves upon the Celebration offomc Games or other, either 
+v upon the Arrival of; the Magiftrates who were to' govern 
+them, or upon Occafion of Victories - and- other/Advan¬ 
+tages- gained' by the Commonwealth.- The- Magirtrates 
+alfo took xare to exhibit Games at their own Expense, 
+when they entered on dieir Offices ; and although of-all 
+-Offices die Edileffiip was the leak confiderable, it was 
+however during it, that the greatert Expence whs laid out 
+upon thefe Games, becaufe the People judged from tlknce, 
+. how thofe. who were inverted with it were likely --to bc- 
+..have-when they came to be advanced to more corifidei^Mc 
+ones. Rartly,- others were exhibited at the Birch of gride 
+JVJen, which were called Nata/itii , and on a 'thouland 
+other Occafions. However, as among thofe Games fome 
+were very noted though commonly l.ot annual, as molt 
+•of thofe I have difeourfed of hitherto, it will not be amifs 
+to give a fummary Account of them. 
+
+♦ 
+
+£>. What Kind of Games were thofe of the Circenjian? 
+
+j 4 . Though by the Circenjinn Games we are to under¬ 
+hand only the Combats, the Races, and other Exercifes 
+that were performed in the Places known by the Name 
+of the Circus , which had been railed for the Reprefentadon 
+of all Sorts of Games, yet the Antiquaries comprehend 
+under that Name the Race which was inrtitlUed. in the 
+Jjlhtnus of Corinth? by Oijwmaus Ring of Pi fa ; to rid 
+liimfclf of thofe tv ho were courting his Daughter PJippuh- 
+min? and herein Pclups was Conqueror; of that other 
+Race which Hercules inltituted in El,s , wherein he-, having 
+gained the Vidlory, received a Ciown of Olive from die 
+Hand of the i:\mcPclops; “ Primus ]Lt\u!is hunc honorem 
+t( Jiabuit, manibus Pc lapis as we have-it in ■ f,a.H,!Ut;ur. 
+
+Romulus, after die Rape of the Suottic Women, ap¬ 
+pointed the fame Games to be celebrated in- the open 
+fields, for there was no Place then dellincd : for that Wir- 
+pofe. Thefe fir!!: Game;, of the llonuui.i went by tin’ 
+Name of Circ,u/iu.i ; and if l”n vil rives the Name ai 
+(H/\njuiu Game:, to thole which Romulus exhibited t,n 
+
+
+t i*e 
+
+
+
+
+
+lliji,°ry yfi £ha Gods* CGddtfefFes j \\fs%c. v § x i 
+
+die Occaiioti now mentioned, it was by way of Antici¬ 
+pation ; for it was only,in- the*.Time : -ofo fLoi-qjunius the 
+Elder, .that.the dirft Circus was built. ;Tiiefe : Games 
+were alfo called by the Name of the Great Games, Ludi 
+
+lifogni* 
+
+
+* » 
+
+
+J . 
+
+
+• ^ 
+
+
+Of what Kind were the Games of th 
+or Cvmph$les,'and others J - , ; : - •. 
+
+j A. The Equejirici?}. Games were thofe. whofe Celebra¬ 
+tion confided in Horfe-races, and of them the Romans 
+diltinguifhed two Sorts. The Decumam were fucli. as 
+they reprefented every tendi Year, and which the Senate 
+.had inftituted in Honour of Augujius, who every • fifth 
+Year, and fomedmes every, tenth Year, propofed:to-quit 
+the Reins of Government, which he kept however his 
+. whole Life-time. The Games , of the Leaves were fo 
+
+• 4 • * 
+
+called either from the Leaves that the Crowns were made 
+
+4 % 0 9 
+
+or, becaufe the People threw of them upon the Con¬ 
+querors, they were called Ludi Folzacti. Thofe of the 
+Gladiators took their Names from the defperate Engage¬ 
+ment of that fort of Combatants, who fought therein with 
+inconceiveable Fury and Obftinacy, and for which the Re¬ 
+nan.; had an inhuman Curioftty. The Gymnic Games 
+borrowed theirs from the Nakednefs of the Wreftlers, and 
+from the five Sorts of Combats that were exhibited there¬ 
+in, which made up what the Antients called Gymnajlic . 
+The Iujlt,urati*ve Games were thofe that were reprefented 
+a fecond Time. The Lujlral , Lujl rales , or Rubier all a, 
+had been inftituted in Honour of Mars, and it was during 
+■their Celebration that the Arms, Trumpets,.csfr. were 
+■purified. The Games of Mars, which were celebrated 
+on the firfl of. Augujl, had been- inftituted in- Honour - of 
+that God, to perpetuate the Memory of die Temple built 
+to his Honour, in the Time of the Emperor Claudius. 
+(Seu Dior. Poole lx.) The Games named Ncvcndihs 
+were the fame with thofe funeral Games which were ex¬ 
+hibited at die Death of great Men, or of the Emperors. 
+’Hie Palatine Games, Palatini, .were inftituted by Auintjlus 
+in Honour of Julius (Ajar, and got that Name' from the 
+Temple upon tit e Palatine Mount, where they were cele¬ 
+brated every Year for eivlit Days, berinnimr with the 
+I’^th of bciemlu r. Thofe of the Ei files. Phi at //•/, went 
+Jciiuwai every Year in die Mouth o* 'June, by die Pnvtor 
+
+
+
+3 3-2 Hfftory s&fy the- Gods,- Goddclles/- '£ 3 c, 
+
+-of the -City, m 'Honour of fueh - of the -Filbers -upoiv the 
+Tibej\ whofe Gam was aaried'in tot he-Temple.of: Vulcar^ 
+as a Tribute paid to the. Bead* The Phbeian Games 
+were exhibited in .Honour of the-People, who .hadcontrii 
+bated fo much to the ExrimSion of the regal Power. The 
+Pontificals were thofe cxhibked-by the Priefis at entering 
+^on their Office, mlrimatioadf theQbseftors, whofeGhmes 
+went by the Name of, LudifiuteftctU.. Pbinaiii, or > the 
+Reman Gaines had been inftituted by Tarawa thfc Elder, 
+(fee Titus Livens) in Honour of yupiter^ juno , and-M- 
+■?ierva, as we learn from Cicero, in Verritm 5. • The Sa¬ 
+cerdotal Games were thofe which the People in the Pro- 
+winces .obliged the Prieds to prefent them with. The i 
+‘Triumpbtkti.s, thofe that were tieprefented upon occa&m 
+of fome Triumph. The Votive were exhibited in confe- 
+•quence of fome Vow ; and thofe we{£ either public, 
+when it was a public Vow, as was the Cafe either in pub¬ 
+lic Calamities, or in the Heat of Battle, or on other mo- ! 
+mentous Cccalions ,* or private, when fome private Per- 
+fon gave a Reprefentation of them : The former were 
+/given by the Magiilrates in confequence of an Aik of the 
+Senate. We have an Infcription that makes mention of 
+one of thefe Motive and; public Gaines, for the happy Re¬ 
+turn of Augufius . T'i Claud: Sc c t€ Ludos votivos pro 
+“ reditu Imp. Caef. Divi F. Augufti.” 
+
+Lead Sig:Hares were fo called upon account of the 
+little Figures, either of Silver or fome other Metal, which 
+they fent to one another in Token of Friendfhip, and 
+that commonly during the Saturnalia. Ludi Taurus 
+were inllit.uted to the .Honour of theinfecnal Gods, on 
+Occafion of a Plague, under the Reign of Tarqtdtt the 
+Proud, which Plague arofe from the.expofing of Bull’s 
+Flelh to fale. 
+
+0 
+
+LalUy, the Secular Games were fo .called from their 
+being repeated only once in an hundred Years, as is com¬ 
+monly believedbut this Name was given to certain 
+Gaines that were renewed but feldom,.or -that werere- 
+prefen ted -.but once during the fame Perfon’s Life-tone. 
+This is the Idea of them given hy Ovid t 
+
+fufferat Phcebo diet \ quo tempore ludos 
+
+Fecit 7 quos cel as ajpicit una femeL 
+
+Trist. Lib. ii. 
+
+Ac- 
+
+
+
+Wflory of the Gods,- Goddeffes,' &c. 313 
+
+. Accordingly their Original, as it is related-at ..very 
+r?reat Length by -Valerius Maximus, Book ii. an AZofimus, 
+Sook ii.«had tto Relation to the Name which they went 
+by afterwards. -Voluftus Valerius, fays the former of thefe 
+two Authors, having three Children, two Sons and a 
+Daughter, who were feized by the Plague that waited 
+the Province- where- they lived, and finding the Remedies 
+applied by Phyfidans ineffe&ual, having addrefTed him- 
+felf to the^Genius of his Gods Lares , heard a Voice en¬ 
+joining him to carry them to the Banks of the Tyler, and 
+to make them drink of the Water of the River. He at firlfc 
+fcrupled to obey, confidering the Diftance he was from 
+that River ; but at laft the Malady and- Danger encrea- 
+fmg, he was determined to fet out; and having arrived 
+near the Tyler ,-at a Place named Tarentuw, he gave 
+them Drink, and they were cured, Tn Gratitude to the 
+Gods for ‘ fo fingular a Kindnefs, he offered Sacrifices of 
+black Vi£lims to Pluto, Pro/erpine, and the other infernal 
+Divinities, for three Nights fucceflively.- Valerius Pulli- 
+aifo, continues the fame Author, who was made Conful 
+when Tarqutn was banifhed, believing the Romms had 
+more need than ever of the Prote&ion of the Gods, re¬ 
+newed the Sacrifices of Vohljius in the Year of Rome 245. 
+“ Primos ludos feculares, exaftis Regibus poll Roman* 
+" conditam 245. Valerius Publicnla mftituit. antias apud 
+“ cenfor. de die natali, cap. 17.” appointed them to be 
+offered upon the fame Altar, and to the fame Gods, and 
+added Games to them. Inline, we learn from Parra, 
+where Teftimony is cited by “ Cenforinus cum ihulta por- 
+<l tenta fierent—&• ideo libro? ftbyllinos decemviri adiif- 
+“ fent,~& Ddti Patri & Proferpins ludi Tarentini in tarn- 
+“ po Mania-fierent, & hoftias furva immolafentur ; uti- 
+“ que ludi centefimo quoque anno fierent. Varrd apud 
+“ eundem loco citato,” That the Romans frighted by fe- 
+veral Prodigies that happened one after another, having 
+■confulted, according to Cuftom, the Books of the Sibyls, 
+learned that they were to renew the Sacrifices and the 
+Games of Vvlufhts, and to celebrate them for. the future 
+every hundred Year in the Campus -Martius : This was the 
+Origin of the ftcular Games. 
+
+To proceed, nothing came up to the Solemnity of thefc 
+Games. Firft, Heralds were di(patched through ail bah, 
+to invite every body to them, as to a Solemnity which 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+S . 1 4 
+
+
+GodddTes, 
+
+
+* r ’ s r1 m ' J r '- lm 9 . ■ ' vw v 1 . 
+
+they would never fee again ,* and when, the ,Time of their 
+' Celebration “approached^ thd'Confuls,- 0 Depe'myirs, 'and 
+at laft the Emperors themfelves went i ntO- a l ffere nt’Te hi - 
+pies to offer Sacrifices, and .ordered,’a yDi&dbtition to be 
+'made to the People of fuch .Things' as were' neceffary, 
+that every 5 ne might fet about the expiating of his Sins; 
+fuch ! as Torches 1 , ; Sulphury and. Biturridn;-''and noire were 
+-excepted biit the Slaves.’ The People,”;thus fifrriifti^d with 
+Materials for the Expiation, fiockcd to’tlid Temple pf 
+Duma, which was upon the 4 fen tin ^$16 tint,’and 3 every one 
+gave his Children, Barley, Corn, and'Beans, to differ the 
+whole in Sacrifice to the DelHnies, in order to appeafe 
+them. Then, upon the Arrival off the firff Feftival confe- 
+•crated to ■'Juno^ three Days and three Nights were em¬ 
+ployed in offering Vidtims to Jupiter , 'June, Ncpture, 
+Dale era, Mars, Diana, Vcjln, Demis, Hercules,' Saturn, 
+•to Divinities of the Fountain^. and laltly to the Prrw, 
+Prr/er/irc, and Piuto ; and all this at Tarentum ltfclf, not 
+far from the Campus Marti us, where thefe Games were to 
+be performed. 
+
+On the; fir ft Night, at the facred Hour, the Confuls in 
+the Time of the Republic, and afterwards the Emperors 
+themfelves accompanied by the Decemvirs who prefided 
+at this Solemnity, went to the Banks of the Tyler, where 
+they raifed three Altars, on which they facrificed three 
+Lambs; after fprinkling of the Altars with the Blood of 
+thofe Victims, they ordered the reft off phem to be burnt. 
+This Ceremony was illuminated by a*great Number of 
+Lamps, and aceompained witli Tinging feveral Hymns 
+in Honour of the Gods, and terminated by the Offering 
+of feveral black Victims, fuch as Folufnts and PubiunU 
+had formerly offered. 
+
+While they were taken up in thefe religious Fun&ions, 
+Art ills creeled a Theatre, and prepared the Place where 
+the Excrcifcs 'common to the Games were to be perform¬ 
+ed ; then the next Day in the Morning duty went to the 
+Capitol, where, after offering a Sacrifice to they 
+
+returned to tlu* Place now mentioned, and began to cele¬ 
+brate the Gaines in Honour of rlpcllt and Diana. '1 lie 
+• i \\r Day tin: D Dailies repaired in tlte fame Capitol 
+i ) lari if ce to -o : i.allly, the Emperor himleil, ar- 
+<• !ii ranied 1 v the Dm anvil s, WciiL the lame Day and ni- 
+
+id( U 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+
+Wfiory'of ■ m Cods, Goddefies, '&c. ?i ? 
+
+, . * ^ » . I ; ** ** 
+
+/feredtoi each'- of ,tlvp, fqrefaid Divinities the Victims that 
+belonged to. them, ; ■ ' 
+
+On the third'Day, feven and twenty Youths of the beft 
+Families all m Robes, and as many Virgins marched in 
+Procefllpn to the. Palatine Mount to.the TepipLe of dpolla? 
+where th,ey yied ,\yjtdi,cme, another ip dinging. Hymns and 
+•Songs >r jtq make the..Gods propitious to the .Emperor, the 
+Senate'‘|ani^ the koviai: People, .LafUy, during the three 
+Days and three Nights that the Solemnity of thefe Games 
+continued, all the Theatres in Rome,, the Cirques, and 
+other public Places, deilined for thofe Feftivab, were em¬ 
+ployed in Shows that were therein exhibited. Among 
+other Things*-there were alfo Hunting-matches, Com¬ 
+bats with wild Bealls, Sea-fights, CSV. The People divided 
+
+the whole Time between Mirth and Devotion. 
+
+* % * • 
+
+Thus it is, that the Games ot the Greeks and Ramans 
+were intermixed with Religion, and there are two Rea- 
+fons which induced me to give the Hiflory of them z 
+Place in this fin all Treadfe ; firll, becaufe they have the 
+Worlhip of the Gods and Goddefies joined with them. 
+Secondly, bccaufe my chief Defign in this Hiftory is for 
+the Youdi, to make them to underhand the CLaiScs., 
+both Poets and Hillorians, who make mention of thefe 
+Games. 
+
+
+ivh How came Tphti?nc to be worlhipped ? 
+w. Bccaufe Yphtime was the Wife of Mercury, and the 
+Mother of the Satyrs. See Satyrs. 
+
+fh Who was ZsiMo/xis, and how came he to be made 2 
+God ? 
+
+jL The Thracians and the Gctcs } as we learn from Hc- 
+rOiiotusy Book iv. ch. 94, 95, had alfo a God who was 
+•peculiar to themfelves, and ferved them inilead of all 
+others. This was Zr/njalx:s their great Legiflator. Thofe 
+who inhabit along the Coails of die lIdle (font informed 
+lira,lot us , that K//.v.v/.vv.i pad been a Slave to Pythagoras* 
+Son of j\ft;i'ft:«r(hos ; ami, that after having obtained hia 
+Liberty, he acquired great Riches, and returned into his 
+own Country, i.li * piincipal View was to polilh a rude 
+People, and make them live alter the Manner of the 
+/, is. In order to hi :ng ilii i about, he built a (lately 
+ikd.u.i r-licje lie ieaalcd ,J1 the i nlubii.uiLi ol die City 
+
+
+s' 
+
+
+
+3 x 6 Hiftory of the. Gods* G.oddeffes,. ifc. 
+
+• ' ' ' ' ' * * 
+
+by turns, infmuaring to them .during;the Rep ^ ft,r that 
+they who lived as he did were to he immortal .and- that 
+after having'paid the Tribute w-hich all i\den.owe fo Na¬ 
+ture, they \ve/*e to be received intp a Region of Relight, 
+where they fhould eternally enjoy a happy Life ; All the 
+while he had People employed in building a JUhamber 
+under Ground, and having fuddenly difappeared, he lliut 
+himfelf up there,‘and lived'concealed for .three Years, 
+His People mourned'Yor him as dead, but, in the begin¬ 
+ning of the fourth Year he {hewed himfelf again, and 
+this - pretended Miracle {truck his Countrymen fo, that 
+they were difpofed to believe all that he had faid to them. 
+He was at lad deified, and every one perfuaded, that 
+after Death he was going to dwell with his God. They 
+laid before him their E.vigencies, and fent. to confiilt him 
+every £vc Years, 'idle Manner, in fliort, how they did 
+it, no Iefs cruel than odd, proves that Z(wjctx?s at lib 
+Death had not civilized them a great deal. When they 
+had fingled out the Man who was to go and lay their 
+Wants before the God, one was employed in holding 
+three Javelings upright, while others held the Deputy by 
+the Feet, and threw him up in the Air, that he might fail 
+down upon the Point of thefe Weapons. If he was pierced 
+by them, the God w r as thought propitious to them ; and 
+if he did not die, he was cruelly reproached, and treated 
+as a Miicreanr. Then, chufmg out another Deputy, 
+they chi patched him to Z.v//vtAv/j. Hut. dot us fays, that 
+he was at leaf! perfuaded that Zurnolxis lived long before 
+
+S. 
+
+WT V> 
+
+Jo frpbns , of all the Antients, as far as I know, is the 
+only one who fays 'Mines had received his Luws from sl- 
+/&//;, and that he had travelled to Delphi to learn them 
+from that God. AH other Legiflators have taken the 
+fame Way to gain Aurnoiity to their Laws. /I/wwj, 
+Miii'v of £vyp / 9 attributed his to Ml n ;.v y or Tmititts. 
+
+
+
+Cave’in the Jlhui/L of i'ytie ; and undoubtedly ,all ()f them, 
+after M ; {J> who hlaf received the Tables of the Law m 
+
+* ** i » I • • ' , * , « * • . * j 1 
+
+
+
+Hiftory of the Gods, Goddeffes, f fc. -? i 't 
+
+
+cm'Mount .£/«*/, with much Pomp. and.Solemnity,, that 
+die Tradition thereof had fpread amonq; alL Nations. 
+
+SA Who were thefe Gods called Zcgonoi ? 
+
+A'. The Grech had a kind of Gods/ whom they, cal fed 
+7 .o«u:oU us much' 1 as to fay, Animal-coni. L’ractm is he 
+who inakes mention of tnem, • They were believed to 
+have Power to prolong Life : The Rivers and the running 
+Waters were'efpecially confecvated to them.. I know not 
+whether Jufitdr was of the Number of thefe Gods, fitice, 
+ll 'j chins gives him the Epithet of Z 
+
+IIow came Ztv.m: chins to be made a God? 
+
+A. Agnus and Halitns, Inventors of Fiihing and Hunt¬ 
+ing, as their Name' import. Thefe had Offspring two 
+brothers,' who invented the Art of making Inftruments of 
+3 :on. He of the two, whole Name was Cbry/or, the 
+Irene with lit f ha tus or f r uLu?i , gave himfelf to the abomi¬ 
+nable Study of Incantations and Sorceries ; invented the 
+Hook, the Bait, and Filhing-line, the Ufe of Barks fit 
+for that Purpofe, and Sails too. So many Inventions 
+procured him after his Death divine Honours, under the 
+Name of Zcumicbius, or Jupiter the Engineer. 
+
+fh How came the Pillars called Zsc.ra to be wo: 
+
+flipped r 
+
+//. The Scythians, according to CL mens AhxeinJt , 
+Ids Oratio ad Gcntcs , in antient Times adored a Scyrhitar, 
+he An hi an, a rough unhewn Stone; and among other 
+iVations "they .contented thcxnfclves with the oredtjng a 
+Trunk 'of a Tree, 'of fome P illar without Ornament. 
+'Chore Pillars they called Zoura, bccaufc they were peeled 
+v.hen of Timber, and a little fmoothed when of Stone, 
+fn the Orkneys, the Image of Diana was a Log of Wood 
+Iiuurought; and at (ytheron, the Juno The/pia was no¬ 
+thing but the Trunk of a Tree cutoff ; that at Samos, but 
+n timple Plank'; and io gf others. What began to’en¬ 
+large the Sphere of Idolatry, and confequently is to be 
+reckoned one of the main Cables of its Propagation, was 
+die Invention of Arts, cfpecially of Painting and Sculp¬ 
+ture, Fine Statues commanded higher Veneration, and 
+People were more cafily induced to believe, that the Gods 
+whom they rep re fen ted relided in them. 
+
+P * An 
+
+
+
+
+
+An Alphabetical 
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+Of the Contents of the 
+
+HISTORY. 
+
+A. 
+
+A DON IS, the Son of Cynarrs, his Birth and Edu¬ 
+cation, p. i. His Travels into Egypt, p. 2. When 
+he was hunting in Mount Lebanns, he was 
+wounded in the Groin by a Boar, p. 3. He lived in 
+the Year of the World 2530, 1470 Years before Chriil, 
+to which add 1750, makes it 3220 Years fincc hi., 
+Time Page 4 
+
+Adramelek and Anamelck , the Gods of Sepharvcim 
+Age r 07 ila, or Anger cilia, and Pleafure, the Goddefs o: 
+
+Silence 4 
+
+Anafies * 5 
+
+' Apollo , the God and Prote&or of the Poets, Mulftijuns, 
+and Orators - 7 
+
+The different Names he went under to 
+
+The Year of the World he lived in,. 2630, 1770 before 
+Chrift, to which add 7756, makes 3126 Years fince 
+
+his Time 11 
+
+Macus , his Birth and Parentage; he married Endlh, 
+
+Chiron's Daughter; and lived in the Year of the World 
+2530, 1450 before Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 
+3200 Years fince his Time 11 
+
+jALgIus, King of the AEolian Iflands, which lie . between 
+Italy and Sicily, faid to be God of the Winds, becaufe 
+©f his Skill in Aftronomy ; he lived in the Year of the 
+
+P 4 World 
+
+
+I J N ‘ D'-E ' X. 
+
+World 2460, 1540 before Chrifl, to which add 17rc x 
+
+'makes 326oYehrs ; flfrce''his’ TPime ' r '^ • ;/IG J > a^‘e l r2^ 
+
+JEsy jEfculanus? tend Gods of-t fr e difRrre ut s 
+
+
+that Coins'were'made of' : ; * 7 *- : 
+
+
+■ s 
+
+-• 1 “ 
+
+
+Efculcfiusy the Son of /Ipolio and the Nymph-'GcW^f ^ 
+iChiron taught him the Art of Phyficpwlferfem 
+-lb flciifuli that 1 it was faad- he" raifed * fefceral^rbnx - tftii j 
+
+•r> t l t • 1 • 1 ** ... a. \ -ti t- O I « - ,-V 
+
+
+
+A/np.hiaraus, . his Birth, Parentage and Education ; lie 
+lived in the Year of -the World 267 6 , 1530 Years 
+before Chrifl:, - to which add 1750, make? 3080 -Years 
+lincc Ins Time- * 
+
+AvKrz.Berf. 7 in 8 , a God dels .-* :; * »^ 
+
+Aurora, a Goddefs ; /he lived-in the-Year of the‘^orld i 
+2590, 1110 Years before Chrifl, to which add 
+makes 2860 Years fince her Time * * ; t6 
+
+
+B* 
+
+
+1- 
+
+
+y. 
+
+' X : 
+
+
+BaaBe?, or Baal/cm en, - ■ The ^Ammonites ^ ,>vpr/hjpped 
+
+him,, under the Name of Moloch.. .The,diifereiitN^m^3 
+
+he. went tender .... . . ): ..... •/: Axi .o*i *7 
+
+Bay bus, his Parentage and Education ; Inventor g£ Wipe 
+
+and other Liquors; he lived in the Year,of the Wotld 
+
+2610, 1390 Years before Chrifl, tq.whiftfc add 
+
+makes 3140 Years fincchis Time >n) > ip- 
+
+BeJ^tbub, the God of the Acrunites. The Woi& < £gm- 
+
+£es the.Prince of the-Fiihes 5 the 
+
+him. the Prinpe of the JJtvils ;> .^)iich 3 Aey#5 I vft^bat.lie 
+
+•was.one of the, principal; Divinities of-the S^fians^^o 
+
+BA Iona, the Godde fs. of Vfav _ ... go, 2,1 ? T qndrc 
+
+BergivuSy jL God ... , , J • . i'js.cA&S 
+
+Bracbwa, a God, the faipe was Bacchus, andthe different 
+Names he went under _..$4 
+
+Argus and Brimiy,: A^yiat^M Keef er 
+
+of Jon. As Miflrefs, and by the Poets, feigned to have 
+an hundred Eyes ; the Meaning of the Fable. Bric-.rius 
+his Parentage j the Poet 5 fgJgn $Uoatf.ha^n^undred< 
+•Anns: an£, Kfy ,%«#.• • §ee, th^ .<$ 
+
+■Fab.e j; i ?S 
+
+
+w ^ 4 
+
+
+C. Cabins 
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D .E . X. 
+
+
+
+
+“ t « • G « * * t • ; - 
+
+* ' *•►-/ f . '« * * / ' •*»» 
+
+Gjfir/: Some Authors^iipMjnLy two*ibtn^ thfee i they 
+
+were of the Number- of $he great Gads.,.v u.Page 27 
+The Golden Calf, How it was worfhipped by the Ifraelites 
+as.God,i.->-r-- t»*!.«• *• *■» • •_•*■» > - ■ \ -v.28 
+
+Catena, fiTpddefs:, , - : .< 28 
+
+Chaos^ G*i 44 $fe herProgeny.; from the * Chaos to the 
+.Year *74.8 * it•-. •< ••• -:•> -•■ *. . . 29 
+
+Co/&r f and Bollu& ‘,< they diftihguifhed themfelves both by 
+Sea and Land, and lived iin the Year, of the World 
+
+• 2711,-^289 .Years before Chrift, to. which. add i 750, 
+
+•makes-3039 Years fince their Time? . ' ... 31 
+
+C/rtSy 1 the Daughter of Saleron and Ops \ {he lived in the 
+•Year of "the World 2700, before Chiift 1300, to 
+-which add 1750, makes 3<yo Years fince her Time 32 
+¥&& Bdufipian Sdyfieries of Certs >.* .4 ' ?. 33 
+
+Romplus* Julius? and \Augujlus Carfar made Gods. ,Ro- 
+zfnulus lived in the Year of the World 3098, before 
+•Chrift 903, to which add 1750, makes it 265z Years 
+fince his Time. Augujlus Ceefar lived in -.the Year of 
+the World 3916, before Chrift 90 Years, .to which add 
+17coi'makes it 1840'Years fince his Time 38 
+
+Charity -th&Sbri of Noah, lived'in-the Year of the World 
+1140, before Chrift 2860, to which add'-*750, makes 
+it 46 lift'Years fince his Time *• ’■ 39 
+
+ChamoSy the Idol of the Moabites and Ammonites, the 
+i fame with the'Sun >. .* : • • 40 
+
+Clbactna, *heX 5 oddefs -of the - Sewer, sthd Nephritis of ill 
+tS&tfoar' ’ f : | a !;•», *'*- f • ' ? • y *;-*• : ' 40 
+
+St/tta -Ma&t -, 1 the Gbd Ridictihtss the Goddefs Feronia • 
+
+CYrr^Siftcrt^^/^ King of . GolcfitsV fhV lived\itfd 
+
+Year hfthe. Worid '■27^3, befoi^ Chjift . toSvhich 
+
+sacTd rysbfj makes it 3047 Year's fince*her TiiAe .42 
+
+Cjkr?h y Mother of the jGods, Daughter of tUtvoeh .arid 
+
+• Betftkp .teidrWifie io&dlurni fhe'dived: hr the Year; of 
+
+
+
+» 759> ; 1 
+
+
+MM 
+
+
+P • 
+
+
+- I 
+
+
+ke&it 3119 YearsifinceL his Tkne : < • 48 
+
+-Jt . P-5 1 v; 0 Dmogorgan^ 
+
+
+'i - 
+
+
+
+IN I Dj.E '/X- 
+
+DemGgQrgnfj, a Magician, Jie Jived 5,698 Years ago jP. 48 
+Daphne, - lighter pf Peneiis, King .offTheffdly^ .., ,50 
+
+j 4 mazos;s i ,.oi Republick ofAYomen .. k ', * .50 
+
+j Desdtdip* great Gx^ndfonof Bureheus, King of Athens r the 
+jmoft ikilful.Artift that Greece.^ ever produced, an able 
+
+a 1 * ri - '■ " ‘ ' r\\ t • ' - f * n V- - J * • • * . 
+
+Architect 
+of the 1 
+
+- -< i > * i 1 • ; it ^ i - , - 7 ^ ;/».«* j f ^ r ; - n/j , r J j ** ’ * * * ” 
+
+which add. 1750, makes 3038 Years, lines his Time^o 
+Deucalion was the Son of Prometheus, King, of Thc/pily ; 
+he was, reckoned the Repairer of Mankind, iince under 
+.his Reign.,the.. Deluge happened,; which bears his 
+Name. His Arrival into Greece was 220 Years befpre 
+-the Trojan Vfar, about 14.00 Years before the Chriftian 
+AEra, to which- add 1 750, .makes it 2150 Years knee 
+
+• his Time . .- . 52 
+
+Diana. If ihe is taken for the Moon, {he is as old as the 
+Creation, that, is, 5603 Years ; if for the Daughter 
+of- Jupiter and Latova, in the 2512th Year' of the 
+World, before Chrifl 1488, tc which add 17 50, makes 
+3238 Years knee her Time . . . \ . 57 
+
+Bliec.a, or Dido, was the Daughter of Belies, fecond King 
+of Lyre in Phemcia ; fhe fettled in Africa, and built a 
+Citadel, which with die City, was called Carthage. 
+She left the Kingdom Byre 247 Years before Chrift, 
+■ to which add 1750, makes 2703. Years knee her 
+Time . . t . 59 
+
+The Dr nils were the principal Miniilersof die Religion 
+of the Gauls, the Bard:, die Paibages, the.Bales, and 
+the Druids; fo great was their Authority, tliat no 
+Affair of Importance. :was undertaken till they were 
+confulted ... • . . : 60 
+
+Druidtfjes ; they /hared their 1 Authority with their Huf- 
+bands; they were di/lingui/hed into thrccSortS; the 
+firft lived in Celibacy, as thofe of the.IflancLof Sain ; 
+others, though married, dwelt regularly in die Tem¬ 
+ples i die tliird lived conilantly with dieii* Hu/bands 
+
+. ; . 62 
+
+# 
+
+E. 
+
+Mar ut and Rada ns an thin were two Sons of -/api ter, and 
+appointed by him two Judges of Hell, the /irit for the 
+d/i.:tics, the other for the.Europeans ,-and over them 
+iMi.iJSj who were three feribiKiges, for their iirkk 
+
+Trubhy. 
+
+
+
+1 y -IV • D ‘ E fr ’ X. ; 
+
+
+
+Probity 
+the Y ea 
+to whi' 
+
+
+rtu'Qbfly in tnis; wonavenjoy* 
+
+TrSnaUility^ .'dbcbtapanfed’ witR-unOl?: innocent 'and 
+refilled Plenfiitesv" ' ‘ : • * -67 
+
+Eneas. ‘TroYi 'KSxi'g of TEofy had tv£o Sbhs,' Ifas znd 
+facartts ; the latter'had a • S o nf ftathed ( Gapjs, 1 % 1 i o y/as 
+Father to Anebifes, and Gfarid-father to *Eneas ; thus 
+he 'was of tire mobdToyal ; by' the Father’s Side, and, 
+in Opinion of rtroft of r the Afttierits," the- Goddefs 
+Venus was his Mother, p. 68. It is thought by feme, 
+that JPriam, King, of Trbj, having called a Council’^ 
+Enea'i and Anterior were' for-delivering up HtU:i to the 
+Grecians ; Agamemnon being acquainted with it at the 
+talcing of the City, let thietti, their Friends and Ef- 
+fefls pafs, and gave them twenty Ships to go and feek 
+a Settlement: Eneas arrived at Thrace j he made the 
+Ifland'.Drjfcr ; in fine, he happily arrived at Laura:- 
+turn, upon the Coaft of Tyrrhenian near the Mouth of 
+“ the Tyler, in the Country of the Aborigines , p. 69. 
+Antcnor got fafe into the Territories of Venice , built a 
+City, and called it Antenora , now called Padua. Euros 
+anti Anterior came from Trey in the Year of the World 
+2769, 1231 Years before Chrift, to which add 1750, 
+makes'2981 Years fince their Time, p. 71. You fee 
+above that it is 2703 Yeats lince 'Dido's Time ; To that 
+Eneas lived 278 Years before Dido . This fhews how’ 
+far lEiYgil is mi ft alter* ‘ by iVialiing them- Contempora- 
+nes ' r - • 71 
+
+Ejht/ns was • the Capital of Ionia, built by the Amazons 
+
+The Greils a ! nd Romans look’ed iipob Themis as the God- 
+dofis of 'JuJticc, yet the latter had their Equity and 
+Jullicc befides 1 1 72 
+
+I'.t ichthonius, the fourth iting of Athens , the Son of 
+Vulcan and’ Minerva ; H6liv6d *iri the Year of the 
+Y/oild 2.163, 1337' Ydafn before CVirift, ‘to‘which add 
+
+’1750, makes 3287 Year d fince his Time 72 
+
+
+
+I j. N DtE/X. 
+
+
+/ 
+
+
+Ffcs was the Divinity - of the G#ujs.j his JTamp is alio 
+, written with an Afpiratlon . 1 , ■ P&ge ~- 
+
+**-*--- ~~«g the'Sdtv of Mercury a, , ,who *w* 
+
+hetic Verfes wa£bV the ^Latins cal^ed.C^- 
+
+-- be- 
+
+fcjr^. ObrifF * 24J, td ■ 
+
+Y*ari'iince his Time **' n. ?/- '/ sv. 
+
+Xn^jfvthor 3 }Kirior or rbesmcta Sp.Sft 
+
+
+— /« - * T 
+
+f ; hei*: 
+
+
+-74 
+
+jfVr 
+
+
+
+; 
+
+«w v 
+
+
+; 3^30. Years iiate lifef Tmie 
+
+
+■r. 
+
+
+:-ur<.y‘ 
+
+
+«.;i ..vri*: 
+
+
+V/ 
+
+
+
+
+i ?6 
+
+> -jn 
+
+
+r . # 
+
+
+m * ^ 
+
+
+^ ^ ^<"5 , t | ^ ( ^ 
+
+The feveral Sorts of Tables ' iif tjie Lives, ofthe >God 6 ajid 
+Godde/Tes, ’ to be ’found' among. .the- Poets, > ^re .of 
+ftx.K.mdJ Hiflorical, PhifofophicalfAllegorical, Moral, 
+Mixed, or Invented, merely for the Sake of Fable 
+
+. * • ‘ , VV. »3'f;r 7& 77 
+
+Fabuliws - V as the. God ^Hp J^ugiit Children tofpeak 
+
+. * ' • , ^ • * * t • . 1 M Q M «v 
+
+• * w »| i** 3 \ V V* 
+
+i'W* had alfo her Placets a Godfle^ 5 #o ^vgnrpfifian 
+harfe 'a ftrOiiger fin dreflioii, .or greater,Likene^jtOj this 
+Goddefs tliah is exhibited* in that imePi&ureof her 
+
+,, . # N • , . . *. I* *• “* 4 ' Q 
+
+drawn by riineiaiv. 259* Vv . u; v.’rd o: 
+
+Faith, that is, Fidelity* jvas a Godde fi> ; ;anjpn&. F^nmns . 
+Nothing was mbrefacred Aan^ thi^J^ri/^yo as j^ayfog 
+
+for its Foundarihh'&digibii r V^vL *rni>dT- 1 
+
+Faunur.: was ‘ tlie ’Son ptPfcu/j ,Ka$g-ftf JtgJy i 
+
+he w a^ v a ■Princef ^f ^rygreat $s 
+
+doin'; which'fe'/dbisbly made Jt^fo txrgiven^out tfet-he 
+
+: was .the Son offers. .>Tlir“- 
+you 'wodlh fay* ‘Paaeficir, Pro 
+
+
+
+
+liemowQ Httlbafi& ,n Sh$ i4 yfas made^'Getf 
+lived.about:• 12O6'Yeara'be^* : ^ 
+
+
+
+
+ears mice 
+
+
+qunus 
+
+**U<> 
+ime 82 
+
+
+F^V/Vj,was made a Goddefs 6po Years after the Building 
+
+. r ri ' • » » • Q - 
+
+
+mar* - * 
+
+of 
+
+
+*..< a j» :/ 4 ’ ^ '* “ •’ :7 - (j ' 
+
+
+. -. *82 
+Fire, 
+
+
+ri 
+
+
+
+f A 
+
+
+N - D u e 4 x :,. 
+
+
+r '** 
+
+
+
+who laiided 'therei p v 8^.. ; They, worffiipped 
+
+
+
+
+Itronia was a Goddefs. .and .Patro^f&^pf .ciift'anchired 
+
+siafe v> a**j r • i,,g 2 
+
+n/LOiL- -:.ii v 2 - itifi "cri.'L r»_ 7 ki rv - j 
+
+
+Golds. Flkltir; : "’Athamub; tfih.JSon, of JLolu^ , the Grartd- 
+
+• fon ^d’^e^^d'roix pf Deucalion, ^as 
+
+King dF* Tartar in ‘.Baeplidy of Nephele he had PbryXus 
+and -Heitej : 'P-.hryiuf, 'carried off Part of his Father’s 
+
+* Trteafrire," eirlbarkdd witli liis-'Siiter #?//* .to.the Conrt 
+. of JEtes, his Kinfman, wKo reigned in Colchis. By 
+
+the Golden Fleece we muft -undemand the Treafure of 
+
+
+Athamas , his Father, that is, • all-the Silver- and Gold, 
+
+• ooibed ; or : ahcoined', in Bars and Jngpts, ;with r the 
+. Crown,' Sword and Scepter^ Jewels and. prdcioiis 
+Stonec *• • . ,86;* $7 
+
+Flora.' L all anti us fays, fliewas a Proilitute, who, having, 
+gained much Subftance, made the Raman People heir 
+- Heirs'/ and-iHcy irtadh her a'Goddefs 8£ 
+
+For time. It, is certain, that file was, invoked from the 
+eariieft^Fime^, the firft 'Tirne that thie Hedy 
+
+Scriptures } mentfbniitheGodsof the Pagans, it speaks 
+of Gad, invoked by Leah j and this God St. Axgufibic 
+takes to have been Fortune . - 89 
+
+Fruitupfa waa^ the T Gqddefs whom the Romans invoked to 
+obtain a gbod^HarVeftV. a God Spinofus, to. pluck dp 
+the 
+the 
+
+ov£r the 1 Budding of the C0rn ; a God- Nodafus-, for the 
+Knots of the “Stalk 3 the Gpddds Volutitia, fot die Coat 
+
+
+
+
+Furies 
+
+
+Defri& ftftd bu nt ed "to belthe Tonnpnto'^-of r the Guilty 
+
+v >n!i * ’- i - i ' - r,.., . j'.nr'vQsf 
+
+-,^r- 
+
+
+Gauges, the Divinity of that great River of the Fajl-Indies * 
+we may fuppofe the Wonders that have been obferved 
+
+in that Element, did like wife contribute not a little to 
+
+promote 
+
+
+
+I >N D E X. 
+
+promote S up e rftitio n,' God is 'ujondeifui'ht thetVaiers y \ 
+fays the Holy Scripture Page 92' 
+
+Genii or Demons ; thofe Spirits, ahum e all Sorts of Forms, 
+
+' transform themfelves into various Shapes, and imitate., 
+the Gods themfelves, ^the'' Demons and - Sotflfc departed 
+
+. ,§3y 
+
+
+
+•with refpeft to the Difference pf. Mens Stature’fftrcie t 
+the Creation of the WdPftl, to the Birth of ChH& ’ In . 
+this Table he affigned Adam 123 Feet 9 Inches 1 in 
+Height, and to Enter* r8 Feet 9 Inches three fpiirihs; 
+whence he fixed the Proportion “between the Stature^Of 
+Men and Women, to beat to 29 :: ” ^ 
+
+Gorgans. Palephatus and Fulgentius will hSve JSorgotoi'XO 
+
+have been young Women of opulent Forttmesyriifey 
+were three Sifters, Stheno 9 Euryate, and Medufa loo 
+Graces . Of all the GoddefTes, none had-a .greater Num¬ 
+ber of Adorers than they ; they were three in Number, 
+Egley Thalia , and Euphrofott * 1 101 
+
+Gods of Great Britain . Balatucadua was the fame with 
+Belennsy or Abollo of the Gauls ~ • ' 103 
+
+Great Mother Goddefs, the Earthy was one of the chief 
+and moft ancient Divinities of the Pagan World ir^nd 
+there were few idolatrous Nations that did hot pay Her 
+Religious Worfhip • - W4 
+
+
+H. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Harpa crates was the Son of Ijis, that is*ofthe ,; Mbbri; 
+by his Statue it is eafy to judge that^hp Was j&feGbd 
+Silence, becaufe lie is reprefenced'itt an"Attitude hbH- 
+ing'hfs Fing'er^On his Lips / ' * ^ ; - z i* ’ Jl { 
+
+jiurpics. Thefe Moniierswere -three Siffer^’ Ce/^/^r;- 
+pefo and Aelloy who with a Womans F^ce had.a Bill and 
+crooked Claws, and a ' prodigious big Bellyr;they 
+
+
+raifed Famine wherever-they c&ni6' v. >•* •< -' 'too 
+
+Jiereules ; there hre feveralof thar-Nam^ ;*. £yrddd?k‘i : Si¬ 
+culus reckons three: oTtbfeitfjV Cici'irc'y irtdds -BVi d&tPf 
+the Mature of the Gods, reiekofife there werirfix of them 
+
+The Gods and GoddefTes who prefldedb.Ver 'Marrifige 
+
+* .-'•* - ” 1 ' '"TOS 
+
+Homer was worfhipped as a God 109 
+
+Honour 
+
+
+“to6 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. T 
+
+• • * 
+
+Honour and Virtue was made a Goddefs • Page ird 
+Hope made a Goddefs : t :<r - |ji 
+
+
+I 4 
+
+
+» . > 
+
+
+W * « » 
+
+
+1 I ~ 
+
+
+1 4 
+
+
+Ja&w-M . j*?&* amp^i&* c . Arabians 
+
+II 2 
+
+^ that this 
+Saturn, was 
+
+:II3 
+
+
+
+
+4 - 
+
+
+I. 
+
+
+» : 
+
+
+1 I aBiV f • ' » 
+
+- P • ' k • J k < J - 
+
+
+. /.*;•:i'*: j! 
+
+
+
+
+
+was r the. Son QtJupiUr and EUfira^ the Daughter 
+
+. °f 4*1** ' ^ . ."‘t .!. 0 ;*v..'.. ..a d. :- t 114 
+
+Uotfleneuty .. King, of, £)?*<, ;was .SOU: of Deucalion* and 
+Granflfonjpf bfjxa^tbp fey ond . . .r : 
+
+. Inackus came from Pae*ida UJ rile Year 18 8.0. before 
+Chrift^'.which was.in v the.Year <0£ the^WftrlA 2120* to 
+.wHch v f8^o\add.>^750,. makes 3630^*0?* fine© his 
+
+. 1 . '. 'j >« » ; ; p ;• < *. . " , ' . ., X’I>7 
+
+Jfis the Sun and Moon were adored under the Names 
+
+of OJsrJs and .Ifis . s: r * . .119 
+
+Juba made the Roman Senate his Heir, as we learn from 
+
+Salufi ... , *. ... . . I-20 
+
+Juno was the Daughter of Saturn and Rhea; fhe was the 
+• laft of, Jupiter's Wives:. She dived in the^Yeatvpfihe 
+; World.^tt, hefoc£. CJirifk. 1489,10 which add 17.50, 
+makes 3249 Ydarlfec^ hcr.Titne .. . ' :.I25 
+
+Jupiter s true Name was Jou 9 that is tp fay Toung* .to 
+denote not only that he was the youngeft of Saturn's 
+. Sqns;» but alfo that he had diftingoiftied himfelf aC r 
+cotdingiy,by.his Exploits ip.hh. Yoiith.. The AppeUa- 
+non oF Father Patfr was, added afterwatdsj r. whence/ he 
+
+was C&J^d 1 with; & > Uttle .fpfrening^^- 
+
+Piter . He 1 
+
+
+was feven Times married, and wed 
+
+
+men¬ 
+ded Juc- 
+
+
+
+of the^^Ji-dW'arldte wg$. 5 wor&ipped/ift .Egyptftxs. the 
+Center.of Sfiainf.. had.^*. great,Numberoa£Narae3iA|id 
+. Sumames, Which were^giyen >him by.thej various Nati¬ 
+ons v that had, received hi^ Worfhip>3ir5 r ^t«f7?lived.Mo 
+Years, whereof .he. reiga^d^z s ^he^died 4\78o/Years 
+before-Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 35 30 Years 
+fince his Time, , .. : ;T 1,25, S2&,niz& ta8> 
+
+Romans ». ..... .. . 130 
+
+• .. ..i jr> t fas/i Lu-*: U.i 
+
+L. Lao-kium , 
+
+
+JuJUcey a Goddefs, by the 
+
+
+
+I ' K "D <E X. 
+
+%aa~kium 9 the Se£t- of theTa/be in Qhtna, appeared-near 
+600 Years before Chrift, that is, 23 co Years 1 }rc£. 
+TheJlirth. .of this, Man/; if ; we -ma^ believ^ hia s IDif- 
+ti pie s, : , was-one- ofsdfe mpftextraordinary*- ,be*flg<fcfav. 
+ried four ,and twenty ; Year$ in-the : Lpina pf 
+he. evened- Jdjafelf «Taff*agd> through t tbe 1ifcfcflde* 
+and was- the* Death, of his-,Mother^ ‘The .Mp^ajk of 
+tliis Philofopher come very near to thofe of Epicurus 
+
+• ' ‘ ' Page 131! 
+
+"Lares , the Word Lar comes from the TuJcan Word - Lars, 
+
+or Larfiy which ii guides Leader , or Gonduftor* .-The. 
+Lares and Penates were Guardians and Protestors.of 
+families, and of the. Goods of the Country^,-; There 
+was one for every Houfe,' for every-City, and'in- ge¬ 
+neral for the whole; Country. .Thofe of -Houfe*. were 
+called Lares, thofe of Cities and particular'Places 
+
+Penates . .- i$z. 
+
+La ton a was the Daughter of Casts 9 the Son of Titan and 
+2 erra by Jupiter 9 bom at Delos at. the fame ‘Time 
+wit \iApollo ; ihe was the Mother of Diana . .132 
+
+Liberty. The Romans who idolized Liberty , could not 
+' chufe but make a Divinity of her . . * . 133 
+
+Lttcina was the Daughter of Jupiter and •Juno 9 -One:^)£ 
+the Divinities of Marriage, • and of - Women a wkh 
+Child • • 4 * • • - 1 34 - 
+
+“ ~ •• * J\d».-• - r *— ‘ 
+
+IkTamms was the Son of the God TnviJlon 9 - who derived 
+Jib Original from the Earth, of whom thciGermatrs 
+
+are defeended • . . •>.<*'* -46 
+
+Mava». or Mania » prefided over the Maladies of Women 
+
+• - ■ • r.- '•’>»•> .. '.'*34 
+
+Mercury , the Son of Jupiter and Maia y 1 the!God' ofElo- 
+.^.uence, and of the Art of {peaking well3 'thsMSodtof 
+* Travellers, Merchants r and even of Thieves J atfd Pick- 
+- pockets. He a&ed as Ambal&doE«and>PliBnipP*ontiafy 
+oft he ■Gods, -and was concerned in all Tftfati Wvof 
+Peace and Alliance. He lived in the YeaavnfrHe 
+
+iWorld-2 ! 53J:, -before. Chtbfcri 369, -to^wbicHaddl i jj$o\ \ 
+makes/3111.9,Yea*$.iiftce his -Time1 ,134*035/1236 
+
+JMercyj f. Pastfani&sfj imbb-c^/Vj fays, .alkiNeti^ns. of. the 
+.World jhould offer Sacriffc^s vto ibecaufcsall 
+fton4dn,IfecdvO£hec, ^ , x .- - , v-.././ >uz ■: .ty? 
+
+■' * ’ ■ - Minerva* 
+
+
+■ ^ 
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D *E X. ! 
+
+Minerva* This Daughter of Jupiter and Meis, who was 
+2 €dcfahted-eKe wi 1 eft- of ; her * Sex r f bhtf : wh£n fhe J wa* 
+
+ready to ^6% d eli vered ,* - li&vin^ 1 r I<^fned - frorir ~ Garins? 
+thit? (ti&'&sh* to 'bring-'forth a Datirf%ter r bf-ConfUirtniate 
+
+
+*«#Ss 
+
+
+
+
+a* ©tty 
+
+
+_ _ _ r^^o^th &G&htoebP t 1 t &3 A» 
+
+fcteftf-hS Braito r afunder*' whence Tprurig 'Mmef^Ja' it* 
+comply at Armour, and already full grown. She lived 
+in the Yeat of the World 2220, before Cfirift ; *k7S0•' 
+Years, to'which add 1750, makes 3550 Years fince 
+her Time •= • • - ‘ Page 138 
+
+Mdrr / 1 balled Ares by' the Greeks^ was, according'tO Wb* 
+z^-’s Iliad, Book i. and the other - Greek' Poets; the 
+Son 'of' 1 Jdfiter arid Juno. The Name of Mars ,' the 
+God^of .War, was given to molt warlike Princes'- 
+and every Country valued itfelf on having one, as 
+well as a Hercules . Mars , the Son of Jupiter, ‘ lived 
+m the Year of the World 2551, before Chrift 1449* 
+to which add 1750, makes 3199 Years iince hi?Time 
+
+146 
+
+R.Ilona was the Goddefs of War* 5 Varro'S\ ays, that fhe 
+was tlie Sifter of Mars, and that fhe was anciently 
+Duel liana, fome Authors make her his Wife : 1*47 
+
+Minos . Jupiter , or rather AJlerius , having ravilhed Eu¬ 
+rope, Agenors Daughter, conveyed her to the 111 and 
+of Crete,' wherehe reigned; Ihe had by him three 
+Sons, Minos, Safpedon, and Radamantbiis ; -Minos, how 
+King of Crete, was reckoned one of the ^greatteft fLe- 
+giflotbrsbf Antiquityjr Rytkagfirds gave out; that'he* 
+went down to the Kingdom of Pluto ; Epimenidts 
+agaiiv that he^ had flept fifty Years in a Cave in the 
+Illand of Crete. He lived in the Year of the -Wor^ 
+2^50, before Chrift 14-50, to which : add-1750^ makes 
+3200-Years fince his Time' • • •' '• *'•' : ,J 5 
+
+Modtjiy .1 The Ramans worlhipped her uhder the -Nable tof 
+Pudl&ttA'si 1' :• ->orn;:llA bnn 
+
+Mufsy, fEhey Were- very (famous^ and Ye^faiufch?hohbGred 
+inthe Country of tilled 
+
+
+
+they d*©/initial 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+10 
+
+
+
+
+I N - D ' E * X. 
+
+CHo, the frit of the Mufes , who derives .* her. Namd 
+from Glory, or Renown. Euterpe, fo> called \\ bechufe 
+fhe generally imports joy. • 'Thalia; - or the Flodri/hi^ 
+Maid, who invented Comedy. Melpomene * 1 or.the 
+Charming Pair. Terpficbore^ • that is, thfe Jovial, Erdie, 
+or the Lovely .; Polyhymnia, lo called fr6m a'Multi¬ 
+plicity, of Songs. Urania, or Gezrlejiis, is th© 'inven¬ 
+tre (s of Aftronomy. Calliope, . fa ’ calletL-ixOm the 
+Sweetnefs of her -Voice* The' Name Canunrue #as 
+given them, according to Fejlus, Macrobius, .and Ser- 
+<viur, from the Word Cano , becaufe their principal 
+Work was to celebrate the A&rons of the Gods and 
+Heroes. That they were very antient we learn' from 
+Homer, the firft of all the Poets, who lived in the 
+. Year of the World 3203 Page-J54 
+
+N. ^ i 
+
+Hernia, the Goddefs of Funerals, had a Wor/hipefta- 
+blifhed, and a Chapel at Rome, without the Walls-of 
+the City •; '^54 
+
+peath. We obferved from Horace, that Sleep was: die 
+Brother of Death ; the Lacedemonians honoured him as 
+a Divinity * 155 
+
+Nymphs in general were among the <Pagans the • God- 
+defles of the Mountains, Woods, Fountains and Ri¬ 
+vers. Thofe whofe Abode was on dry Land had the 
+Name of Nymphs in general. The Guardians of the 
+Rivers and Fountains were called Naiads Thole who 
+inhabited the Pools and» Marfhes Limniades. ■ Thofe 
+who prefided* over the Groves .Nape*. Thofe who 
+delighted in the Woods Dryads, or -Hamadryad^ Such 
+as were over the Mountains were named Oieades. ~ It 
+mult be owned, that in latter:Ages Women of;;all 
+Sorts, from the Lady of Diftin&ion to the limple 
+Shepherdefs, who had been in any Adventure, were.de- 
+nomina ted Nymphs. I have given you an alphabetical 
+* Lift of themfrpm Berger . -ini.-; r :ft56 
+
+Nercjss , one of theSea-vods r . according>to Hefiadpnwds a 
+mild afid peacefulolalVSan y a- Lover ,>of vj'nfSc&nnd 
+Moderations :> n All; ^Antiquities agrees that iNerguert fex- 
+celled in die Art<cff Pre&iBxm jrheuliwdnini 1 thei Year 
+, of the World’27i i, before* Chaff* 1.289,0 to wJuxih<Sdd 
+
+1750,. makes.-jctpgYears fince. his Time; j hi 5 £ 
+
+Nereides*- 
+
+» ^ • 
+
+► 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+Her tides • r All. agree with Hefiad, that Aferaa^married 
+Sifter Z}«?Vv; and that -he had .by her the fifty. Nereids, 
+whofe Nantes w ere thefe, Prote.? Ecrate : Amy. Ampbi - 
+inVr, Eudoxe^'.^betisiAGakne, Glance, • Cymthoe, Sfeo, 
+$btdia,\'.Mtliten Euianene,- Agenue, Pafitbsa* Erato, 
+Eunice, i&atOy-Pfaruife, Djmamene, Nejfer, .Aditier. Pro- 
+tomedea ,! - DoriSy* Panope* Galatea, Htppothae , Hippo- 
+7/o/y Cymadoct, . CymatoLge, , Amphitrite *.. Gy mo, Etone, 
+Halimede, Glaucotiome ; : Pontoporia,: Liagcre, E<uagore, 
+JLaomedea, \ Polynome*. Antanoene, LyfinaJJdr Eruarne, 
+Pfamatbe , . Menippe,) Nyfo, Enpempe, Thendjh, Pronoe, 
+NemeJtsJ rjn this Lift taken from Hefiod Amphitxite oc¬ 
+curs twice. /' Homer reckons only. thirty-two ctf; them, 
+the reft, {ays- he, having remained in the Bottom of 
+. the Sea ^ ^ Page-160 
+
+Neptune, according to Hejiod in his Tbeogony , was the Son 
+of Saturn and £££<7, and Brother of Jupiter and 
+■Pluto. As he was the firft, according to Diodorus, 
+Book v. who embarked upon the Sea ,with a naval 
+Army, he was intitled to the Empire thereof; and 
+Saturn , his Father, having given him all Power over 
+that Element, he was confidered afterwards, as the 
+God of it. It is not to be doubted, that the Name-of 
+Neptune, was ; given to mo ft of the unknown Princes 
+who came by Sea, iand fettled in fome new Country. 
+That Neptune, who had by Libya, Belas* and Agtnor, 
+was fome Egyptian i Prince, who lived before .Child 
+. i^Sj^ears^-to-which, jadd.i 17^0,. makes 323$ Yfears 
+fince hisvTime.. -Hfe who l.-i* the<£ubje& ofc ,thk Arti¬ 
+cle ftvediin the^ime*>fu(/£w*c, a little: before the Death 
+of Abraham? which was in ?the Year of the.World 
+2545, before Chrift ji 4 57v which add 1750, makes 
+
+3207 Yearrf lince his Time 165 
+
+V/ *»}■/’ •* •-> ' \ } ’• 1 -- 
+
+Ogyges fettled iZhT&efrs m>Bastia, named frequently'by the 
+. Ancients Ogygian fhebes; he alfo reignedover Attica j' 
+he married Pbefje± the Daughter of.Japiier&n& Jadamtd* 
+
+• (fee ■Pad/ahias's-Attics.) Jt was under- his j Reign.: the 
+
+• Inundadonrhappenfid, which occa&med i great Defo- 
+- lation in? thh.Country, j and went by the Name of the 
+
+• Deluge. • Ogygsr had/two- Sons, Cadmus and Elcufinus, 
+
+.Who built the City EieufayAxAL three Daughters, Afol- 
+,... • ' cornens 
+
+
+
+
+IV N D E"' Xi 
+
+corner^ • Acutis, 'and B'helJiUin . 1 ' TheTe three Princefles, 
+after their Death, were worfhipped as Divinities; Vn- 
+der the 'Name' of the P rap? die aw GoddeJJes. ’ Thtj De- 
+luge of Ogy^.r- ntay be placed towards the J Yoar‘ r yh6 
+before,Chriit,: to*Which add 1750, rhakds;354b 1 Years 
+fince : Ogygas's. Time and ; the Deluge '• * '■*' Page i’66 
+The. Oracle of .Dodona^ -the'moffc'antierit oCG recce) and 
+that of Jupiter- Hatnthon in' LybiaC had the* fa'me Origi¬ 
+nal, and both owed their : Inilitution to xhe Egyptians. 
+At the Oracle of Dodona, they fufpended in the An¬ 
+tonie brazen Kettles, near a Statue of the fame Metal, 
+which was like wife fufpended, and held : a Lalh inks 
+Hand. This Figure, being-'agitated by^ fhe 'Wi'nd, 
+hruck again!! the Kettle that was next iff which coin- 
+municating the Motion to the reft, railed a Hiafcdkfeg 
+Din, which continued pretty long,-'and up'Un the Ndiie 
+they formed Predictions.' Hence th'e Torreft of 
+doi:a had even taken its Name, for Do no' in Hi tier. : 
+_ figniJies a Kettle. • •' " • ife 
+
+fhc Oracle of Jupiter in Libya , wad asrariti&t 
+
+as that of Dodo tut, Diodorus Siculus tells thedrlannerin 
+which the God delivered his Oracles, when one Witte 
+to confult-him ; twenty-four of Priefls bore-iipon'dr^h* 
+Shoulders, in a gilded Barge, 'the Statue 6f tliiiif 
+fparkling with precious Stones ; and thus wirhptit. 
+keeping a confkint Courfe, they moved oh, : v/!mhei ; - 
+ioever they tliought die Impulfe of thtf God^carri&l 
+them. A Troop of Matrons and Virgii'13 accompa¬ 
+nied this Proccliion, fmging Idymns- -in UdOnoUt of 
+Jupiter. Probably it was from tome-Sign 1 'OTMdtiOn 
+of the Statue, that die Pricks- pronounced! t)h'e Ditch 
+fions of their God ; for Horner tlie^Poetfa^, Jilpitcr 
+Ugnijbd ris Co>ifv.'it />v bending bis BroavS' ' >'■ 1 1 6q 
+
+lie Oracle of Apolb, in the Ciry of Heliopolis in ’Egypt, 
+accord in(»- to Mae robins. Satire, Tib. i. elk 2r. that 
+God gave his Refponfes in die lame Way with Jttpi- 
+ter Han: mots - • ' ’ lpQ 
+
+11 the Oracle of Delphi war; not the mofl* antidrit-of tliofe' 
+in Greece , it w;i't a'c leak cite molt celebrated; arid eftht 
+which cominued longed At What Tifrie-’thiiJ Oracle 
+
+1, ? 
+
+was founded i-, not known, which in die firft Place 
+prove:, it to be of great Amhpiiiy, nor was Apollo the 
+toll who was confulied there, M\/lbylus 3 in the Begin- 
+
+ning 
+
+
+n 
+
+J- 
+
+
+
+i. N-j Dr Eu-x; 
+
+ning.ofHs .Tragedy of thjel&we/ijdej, &.y% Tt?ra-\VZi 
+
+the firjt .who gave., Oracle^ there jdaftctf her: 1 bahis 0 
+then ,P.k*bc,\ another*,Daughter, of T'emeu w . Phabe s : ac¬ 
+cording to My tliologifts, . .was Mother to Latoiia r and 
+Grandmother,to Apollo ; and he ialhort was the'fourth. 
+Divdprus 'Siculus reports> Book-xvi. t a[Tradition which 
+. he had taken from. Monuments of. the grektefl Anti¬ 
+quity. ..Goats, fays he, that,were.feeding- in the Val- 
+lies of gave; Rife to the. Difcodevy of this 
+
+Oracle... There, was in the Place,- fince called the 
+Sanftuary, an Hole,. the Mouth .of which was very 
+ftrait.; Theie .Goats, having come near it with their 
+Heads, began to leap and frilk about fo flrangely, that 
+the Shepherd, whom- Plutcircb. calls CcretTs, bciner 
+ftruck yeith it,, came up to the Place, and leaning over 
+the Hole,..w4S feized with a Fit of Enthuiiafm, where¬ 
+by he was prompted to utter fome: extravagant Ex- 
+prdhons,.which pafled for Prophecies. Here they af¬ 
+terwards built the Temple and City of DA phis, which 
+were filled with vaft Donations, and immenfe Riches, 
+fo as to .be compared to- thofe of the Ptrjian Rings! 
+Oracles, were, not delivered every Day,-it was only 
+
+once a Year, in the Month Bi<riou y which anfwercd to 
+the Beginning of'the Spring, that Apollo infpired the 
+Priefleis -. . Page 170, 171, 172, 173, iy + . 
+
+The Oracle of Tr aphonias, though he was only a He roc 
+nay, according to fome Authors, an execrable Rob-’ 
+ber; yet he had an Oracle in Bccotia y which became 
+exceeding famous* and where great Ceremonies were 
+
+It Tori < +• K .r. ^ ^ fU . > 
+
+
+v 9 Cl CCLC c*. 1 XJktllj. | \ \ 
+
+this lnclofure was a Cave, of the Figure of an Oven, 
+cut out, by ; -i\rt; -the Mouth of it was narrow; and the 
+Defcent to it was not by Steps, but by a fmall Ladder ; 
+when .they .were got, down they found another final! 
+Gave, the Entrance to which was very limit' w 
+P fcF \ 1! th# r GQ d a Avoir heavhohad. the j*>eriteli Num- 
+.Pffl ftfnpb'Wloid-jb.ecaufcihelwica called he'God of />,•- 
+
+7^(^^M0nd,rbelievc(btoihavefthcrgifebtttlVGfFt of lb R. 
+
+i! befidesr- that d of ionic 
+
+others, .ahe Honour vwhoreof. he fhared’ with ApAl^ 
+Inifl one \n kl Iit£utia> -'under ■the-NahiC' of Jit'Air /h- 
+
+1 bit ‘n/ii * 
+
+
+» iU 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+: I iN D E X. 
+
+j Thunderer-, and-anoth£f-in Elis ¥ onc-'z.tEbe&es, and it 
+
+-,. M'ero(r% ^nenear AdtioHrfo .nd feveral others 1 .' x JEfc u . 
+
+- lapius -was confuted in Cilicid, ‘at 1 'Apo/iomn ; ih the 
+Ifland ofCoi ; at Pergamus,''EprdaarusjEG7hr,^n^.t\{^ 
+where.’ Mercury at Patras* upon H&tjoti, [ and other 
+Places;; - Mars in' Thrace, Egypt, and^cifeWheffe. Flier- 
+
+- cules, at Cadiz., Athens, in Egypt',' ‘at Yyrvtilt, ih’jfo/S. 
+
+•potamid', '■ • where; actordiftg fi to : L'dc/ftisy he gave' 'lb 
+Oracles by > Dreams, andgbt the Name of Sotmtfalis, 
+JJis, OJiri'r, and- SeFapis, delivered alfo their Oracles 
+by Dreams; that at Delphi they interpreted,* : and put 
+into Verfe. At the Oracle of Hammonyt Was the Prieft 
+gave the Refpbnfe ; that ACBodonathe: Refponfe was 
+given from the Hollow of the Oak ; that at the Gave 
+of Ardphonius, the Oracle was gathered frottl wh^t the 
+Supplicant faid before he recovered 1 his Settfe$.- Thefe 
+at Antium and P-rrtnejie in Italyi the ' Rbfponfe 1 • was 
+given by Lots, which were a kind of Dicei irr which 
+were engraved certain Characters of Weirds, tyhofe 
+Explication they were to look for in Tables made for ‘ 
+the Purpofe. This Playing with Dice was always pro- 
+ceeded:by Sacrifices and other ufuaPCeremonies. 1 Ovr. 
+Jus fent with a View to furprrze the Oracle 1 , to enquire 
+of the Prieftefs what he was doing at the very Time 
+when his Deputy was corifulting her ? She anfwbred, 
+he was then boiling a Lamb with a Tortoife, as he 
+really was J Page 188 
+
+Orpheus, the Son of AEgarus, King oF Thrace, arid of the 
+- VI ufe Calliope, the F ather of Mufceus, and Difdple of 
+Linus ; it was only to add a greater Luftre to his Bin'll 
+and Talents, particularly as to Mufic and'Pdejtry,. that 
+he was laid afterwards to be the Son of Apollo ; by 
+his applying himfelf to Matters of Religion; he very 
+ioon united in his own Perfon the Dignity of Pontiff 
+with that of King. This is the Reafon which makes 
+Horace, in his Art of Poetry , give him the Titles of 
+Minijler and Interpreter of the Cods. The FiClion of 
+Orpheus hte defeending’ into -Hell, 1 and bringing, back 
+Eu/jdice hls Wife,- is founded :upon this; that Magic 
+was highly in Vogue in J thofe Times," efpeciall y in 
+Egypt ; one of the j mbit common Ceremonies in that 
+deteftable Art was the calling up the Souls of the Dead; 
+and fo far was it from being reckoned criminal, that 
+
+
+1 ;N ;D 'E X. 
+
+. it;was praft ifedeven by : \the:Mifijfi$f;s of- facred Tilings, 
+
+• in Tei»ples,defl^neid for .that Burpofey becaufe. through 
+that he had brought her with him; r-when; he faw her 
+difappear he. killed himfelf. ‘ * Orpheus lived:.in - the 
+Year 11 S t before- the ChrilHan iEra, to which;, add 
+
+. .44 (befof^the^talcing of Tr(y) zn<&:tj$o, makes'2975 
+
+Yeprs fince. his .Time A _; a. * f Page.ig; 
+
+Orbom .wa? a Goddefs invoked, by the leathers and Mo¬ 
+thers, for-the PrefervatjQn of their Children' •* *100 
+
+OJjiUgo. . was invoked,when they were about to reftify 
+broken Bones.-. * ' •<" *r. , •» 200 
+
+There were Gods who -prefided oyer every Part of the 
+Body ;; the. 5 a« prefided oyer the Heart, Jupiter over 
+.. the Head apd Liver, Mars over the Entrails, Minerva 
+' Tciv^.t^Eyes Mid, Fingers, ^Juno fiver the Eyebrows, 
+\/ Pluto. oyer,the B&clc, Venus, over the Reins, Saturn over 
+tha.,Sple«n, il/^a^y over the Tongue, Fbetys over the 
+
+• . Feet, th& Moon oyer/he Stomach,* the Genius and Modejiy 
+. over the. Forehead,. Memory over the Ears, Faith or 
+
+j Bona, Fidcs over the Right-hand, Companion over the 
+. Knees > : 200 
+
+Pallas was properly the Divinity of, .the Shepherds, the 
+tutelar Deity, anjd Prote&refs of the Flocks • • 200 
+
+\ Pa/ici y jance. the, Worfhip of thefe-Gods'-came from 
+.Thetnicial, \t improbable it-comes from the Hebrew 
+Wordjft^yto,..; which l\g > mho,$<venerable, which Word 
+comes from Pelcich, colerc, venerari, to nvorjhip , as 
+Bo chart provesy There is Reafon-tp think that Adra- 
+?nehch ? who is mentioned in the Book of Kings, and 
+, ,wl\afe imports a magnificent King , and that his 
+
+Wor-fnip^asalfo; that, of ;the Pali si was brought into 
+Sicily by, the.; Syrian, -and Phoenician Collonies, who 
+fettled .thereu > ; * 1 , : - • 201 
+
+Pan. .There wa^ no Place in all, Greece , where the 
+Divinity of. Pan was more honoured than in Arcadia . 
+This is even thought to havy been the Place where he 
+delivered his Oracles... If w.e take Pan /or the Son of 
+Jiji rcury, and Penelope, y /he, liyed in , the Year of the 
+World 26 71, .1 729- before, Chrift,. to which add 1750, 
+makes. 3470 Years frnce his Time 207 
+
+Panacoa was the Goddefs whom they invoked, when they 
+were upon the mending Hand 207 
+
+Panda. This GoddeTs was fo called, becaufe fhe opened 
+the Way to the Capitol to TitiusTatius 208 
+
+Pandora. 
+
+
+
+I N D :E X. 
+
+
+* » 
+
+
+pandora. Prometheus, with the A Alliance of Minerva, 
+in forming the Body of Man of tempered.Clay, got up 
+to Heaven, and ftole from thence the faered Fire, 
+Jupiter, incenfed at this, ordered Vulcan to forma 
+Woman, endued with all Perfe&ions, whence flie got 
+the Name of Pandora ; Epimetbeus married her, and 
+had by her Pyrrba , the Wife oCDeucalicn. He opened 
+the fatal Box full; of .all kinds of Miferies which have 
+ever fmee befallen Mankind ; there remained nothing 
+in it but Hope ... ; . . Page 208 
+
+Parcat. Varro upon Aulus Gellius , Book iii. ch. 16. Of 
+the Origin of the Latin Tqngue, fays, that as thofe- 
+Goddefles prefided over die Birth of Men, they took 
+their Name from Partus , Birth. Scrvius, on the fourth 
+Eclogue of Virgil, aflerts, that they .were fo called, 
+becaufe they Ip are no-body. Clot bo, the ;youngeft of 
+the three Sillers prelided over the Moment when we 
+came into tlpe World, and held the DiftafF; Lachejis 
+fpun allthe^ {Events, of our Life; and Atropos, theeldeii, 
+cut the Thce^d with Sciffars. „ 209 
+
+Petunia, as t6e moll antient Symbol which has been 
+fouml uporf Money, was fome. Animal, Pecus, whence 
+
+it had the isTame among .the Latins oiPecunia ; fo they 
+, made a Goddefs of the v . fame Word. 209 
+
+Penates. If we would <race the Original of the Penates, 
+I take it to have arifen from a vulgar Opinion, that 
+the Manes of their Anceftors took pleafure after Death 
+to dwell in their Houfes, where they were even fre- 
+quently interred 2 11 
+
+Piety, whether we have for its Object the Supreme Being, 
+or the Poor, or one’s Country, has always been refpefted 
+in all human Societies;, we need not wonder that the 
+Romans made this Virtue a Divinity, and die Gbjeft of 
+
+Worfhip • * ‘ z } 5 ' 
+
+Philip, King pf Maccdon , was too iilultrious not to acquire 
+heroic Honours; accordingly he had in Alcer a Chapel 
+built • in £h e Porm of the Rotunda, where he had j 
+Statue of Gold, .by the Hand of Leocbares 215 
+
+Pluto, the Son of - Saturn and Rhea, or Ops , was the 
+younger Son of the .three Pi tan Brothers. In the 
+Divifion - of the World among them. Hell was Pluto s 
+Let, that is Italy, and afterwards Spain , being a low 
+
+Country 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+Country in rcfpedt of Greece, where Jupiter had fixed 
+his Empire 
+
+flatus, tiefiod fays, he was the Son of Coras and Jupiter • 
+Plulus was born in the Ifland of Crete , was very power¬ 
+ful by Sea and Land. He was very rich, and there¬ 
+fore they made him the God of Riches 
+
+Pluto lived in the Year of the World 2511, 1489 befor® 
+Chrift, to which add 17 50, makes 3139 Years fine* 
+his Time 
+
+flatus lived in the Year of the World 2711, 1211 before 
+Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 3039 Years- fine# 
+his Time 
+
+Poverty was made a Goddefs, becaufe ftie is the Mother 
+of Invention. 222 
+
+Prayers, according to Hejiod, were Jupiter's Daughters, 
+moaning Sifters, who were repulfed oftener than they 
+were heard 222 
+
+
+
+Priapus was th.e Son of Bacchus and Venus 5 he was God 
+of the Gardens, and lived in the Year of the World 
+2636, 1369 before Chrift, to which add 1750, makes 
+3119 Years fince his Time 225 
+
+Providence was made a Goddefs, becaufe fhe extends her 
+Care over the whole Univerfe 225 
+
+
+Quits, Reft , a Goddefs, 
+and Tranquillity 
+
+
+% 
+
+was invoked for obtaining Repof* 
+
+
+R. 
+
+
+Radamanthus was the Son of Jupiter and Europer; as to 
+the Poetical Hell, the Greets have borrowed their Con¬ 
+ceptions thereof from the Egyptians, and that in ap¬ 
+pointing J udgea there, after the Example of that antient 
+People, they had fingled out thofe from their great 
+Men who had lived with unblemiftied Integrity; of 
+which Number they had found none-who better de- 
+ferved that Honour than Minos, Eacus and Rad^man- 
+thus. They afterwards divided their Fun&ions, Eacus, 
+according to Plato, judged the Europeans; Radaman¬ 
+thus had the Ajiatics for his Lot, among whom were 
+alfo comprehended the Africans ; Minos, as chief Pre- 
+fident of the infernal Court, decided the Difference 
+that arofe between the two Judges , 226 
+
+Rhea 
+
+
+( 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+t 
+
+'Rhea.'' This.Goddefs was the Daughter of Cains and 
+‘Terra, who with her brought forth Ocearns, '■ the.Ocean, 
+2nd" With. him 'Chaus, Creius,- Hyperion, . japetus, Rbea y 
+Themis-, Mncmojyne , Pbabe, TCetbys, and. Saturn ,, P 226 
+Rijns, Hlut arch in his Lkurgus informs us ^ that Li cur gut 
+put Rijns, Laughter, in the Number of the'Gods 227 
+Rinicpluf. This God derived Kis OrighiatTroma panic 
+Fear, with which Hannibal was ftruclo wherr he was Ad¬ 
+vancing to beiiege Rome 3 a Terror with which, f^id 
+they, the Gods Trotedlors of Rome h^L Imote.nim 228 
+JLcrite. This City fhared alfo divine'Honours; file was 
+one of the greateil Roman Divinities ~ 228 
+
+Sarori was look’d upon as the particular God of the Sail¬ 
+ers ; and the Gneks, for that Reafon, gave* hini a 
+Name frorfi an Arm of the Sea near Corinth , or from 
+the Sarcvii Gulf . 229 
+
+$*?/«*•/», according to the Atlantidcs ; Titea had by her 
+Hu/band Urar.us eighteen Sons, who, from the Name 
+of their Mother, were called Titans. Saturn the eldeil; 
+this Prince, when he came to the Crown, 
+his Fame and Renown to different Places of the Earth, 
+by polifhirig and improving his Subjects ; , he eila- 
+blilhed Juftice and Equity every where-; lie put all his 
+Subjetls upon a Level, left no Room for one to be 
+in Servitude to another ; no body pofleffed any perfo- 
+nal Property 5 all Things were common,' as if the 
+World had been but one Patrimony j hence the Period 
+wherein he reigned came'to be accounted the Golden 
+Age. Saturn lived in the Year of the World .2493, 
+before Chrift' x $07, to which add 1750, makes 3257 
+Years fince his Time ^ 
+
+Satyrs .. Among the rural Deities the Satyrs', Fauns r," Egi- 
+pars, &c. were fo many Gods, or rather Demi-gods, 
+whom the Pagans imagined to dwell in the For re its 
+and Mountains, and'whom they reprefented as’ little 
+Men/, very hairy, with Horns on their Heads ? . Coats 
+Feet, and a Tail dangling behind.' TheTnVc^u&ion 
+of Satyrs into the poetical World was. . Q\yipg-to lphge 
+Monkeys having been feen fometim.esr' in t the. Y 7 *ejpds, 
+pretty much refeihbling ’ Men henc^^he,*-Opinion 
+ipr.ead, that- the Wopds were full of thefe mifeh^evoes 
+Divinities i the Shepherdefles. tjembled fpp,their Ho¬ 
+nour, and the Shepherds-for their Flocks. / /• * .’233 
+
+Sempis 
+
+-•* . • • I • " • . 1 1" - * 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+“V 
+
+\ - j 
+
+StrapU or Sarapi's j.liis I^apie is % written ,bo tli. ways.; Taci¬ 
+tus, Book iy. ch. 8^. .fays, : TKat$m#/j. appeared in a 
+Dreaiii 1 6 Ptolbykyfon of Logo 's ,J£ing of Egypt y under 
+the Eigure*Of a young Man exqui finely beautiful, and 
+
+• ordered? film to fendtwO o^his moftfaithfulFriend* to 
+
+• «r'o.l-v. ‘ '• ... iT_ _ __n_: lJ 
+
+
+
+Sibyls. The' Antients gave the ^am.e. of to a cer- 
+" tainNuntber of young Women, whom they .believed, to 
+be endued' witli fhe Gift of Prophecy. . Lattantius fays, 
+the Words' Sibyh fignifief the Cot+nfel of God ; Varro and 
+f LaBav.tius fay, that the Books of the Sibyls. was.JiQt the 
+Work ofone &£y/,j>ut often. The firfl and mail antient 
+' on '€vfak : 2pPcrjtan by Birth 5 the fecond, was born.in £y- 
+f bin ; the third Was o ( Dtlphos; the fqurlh had her Birth, 
+among the Cimmerians in Italyj. the fifth, was. of Ery- 
+tb. nea ‘ K the. fixth was of Samos 5 the Seventh was barn 
+.at 'Cuma‘% the eighth vy 33 the HcberpQnjhic,bovn at 
+Marpe/tts; near the Town of Gorgts in Traas i T the ninth 
+was alfo.a Phrygian ; the t£nth wr\s of Tibur, Or fifvsli - 
+A Woman-cama to Tarqiiin^ the. |koud> .offering! him a 
+Collodion of the.- Verfes of\jhpi>/^/j.ift f »ine. Books ; 
+(lie demanded for them three hundred Pieces of .Gold ; 
+he refufing,. ffie threv/ three of them into. tho -Tire, 
+and infilled on the fame .Sum. for the remaining fix > 
+which being.refufed her, file burnt three more of them, 
+and fUll per filled in asking the three hundred Pieces 
+for tho fe that were left: At length the King,, fearing 
+that file would burn the other three, gave her the Sura 
+fiio demanded. The Remans carefully kept this Col¬ 
+lodion from the Time of Tarquin, to the Burning of 
+the Capitol, when it was consumed with that Edifice. 
+They to repair this Lofs, fent, as Tacitus, Jrsnals, 
+Book iv. ch. 12. has it, into different Places, tp Santo:, 
+to Trey, into dfric, Sicily , and among the Colonies 
+fettled' in ,ltdlyi to colled all the Si byline Verfes that 
+could be found j and the Deputies brought back a 
+great Quantity of them. As .no doubt there were many 
+of tjiem dubious Priefis were cojniuiflioned tO make a 
+judicious Choice of them. 
+
+There was a College of fifteen Perfons founded to 
+be the Guardians of this Colledion, whom they called 
+Quindecenrviri of the Sibyls j to them this Depofition 
+was committed; by them it was to be confuted, and 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+♦ ^ ' 
+
+• fo great was the faith that was put in the Predictions 
+5t contained, that, whenever they were to enter upon 
+War, where Plague and Famine, or any epidemical 
+
+
+^ ^-^ -- _____ ^ ^ - * M* r ^ # ^ 
+
+of Delphi was by the Greeks and other Nations,,, \ 
+This Collection of Sibylline Verfes which we have 
+at prefent confift of eight Books, upon which Gallons 
+has made a learned Commentary, though it may pof. 
+fibly contain fome of the antient Predictions, yet all 
+the Critics look upon it as a very dubious C9mpo.f1. 
+tion, and likely to have been the Product of the pious 
+Fraud of fome more zealous than judicious CirlJflajjs, 
+i who thought by compofmg it, to flrengtheri tHd Au¬ 
+thority of the Chrijlian Religion, and enable its pe- 
+fcnders to combat Paganifm with more Advantage,/ as 
+if Truth flood in need of Forgery and Lies, in order 
+to its triumphing over Error. What puts the Mat- 
+. ter quite out of Doubt is, that'we find, 'iii . this/in- 
+. digefted' ColIe&jon, Predictions relating to the Mylte- 
+. ries of Chriilianity, cleared than ^heyark l&'ljaiab, and 
+the other Prophets. There the very Name o f Jefts 
+Chrifty and that 'of the Virgin -Maty, Occur in every 
+Page. It fpeaks of the Myfteries of Redemption', of 
+our Saviour’s Miracles, his Paffion, Death and Refur- 
+reClion, the Creation of the World, the texreflrial Pa- 
+radife, the Longevity of the Patriarchs, and the De¬ 
+luge ; as- to the Verfes, I refer my Readers to the Hi- 
+ftory Page 235, jo; 249 
+
+Si/enus, though in general the old Satyrs Were called 1 o? 7 m, 
+there was one however, to whom this Name ^as^ap- 
+. propriated by way of Eminence. He was Fofter- 
+. father and inseparable Companion to Bacchus Accord¬ 
+ing to antient Authors he was a profound Philbfopher, 
+
+. whofe Wifdom was equal to his Knowledge; his 
+Drunkennefs, fo much talked 0$ was-nothing but .a 
+myftical Drunkennefs, which fignified that he was pro¬ 
+foundly immerced fn Speculation. Si levies was ;wor- 
+fhipped after his Feath as a Demi-god, andYeceived 
+the Honours due to Heroes, independently even of 
+Bac:hus. SUnites lived in the Year of the World 2590,, 
+before Chrift 1410, to which add 1750, makes 3160 
+Y tars fince his Time, 
+
+
+Sirem 
+
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+J 
+
+Sirens., It is- very well known that- the Poets reprefent 
+the Sirens as beautiful Women, who inhabited the deep 
+Jlocks ; u^bn the Sea-Chore 5 whither having allured * 
+paftcngers .by the Swcetnefs of their Mufic, they put: 
+them to Death. Holder reckons only two of* them. 
+Others afibw five namely ,. Lcucojia, Ligia, Partbenope , 
+yjglapbon r t Onjid “Met. Book vi. fays, they 
+
+accompanied Proferpin'e when fhe was carried off*, and 
+that the Gods granted thiem Wings to go in queft of 
+that Prirfeefs. \ 
+
+We are to confider the Sirens in three Periods of 
+Time. Firft they were'beautiful Virgins, Nymphs who- 
+had nothing'niohftrous 5 thus they were when they ac¬ 
+companied P'rpfirptne, and gathered Flowers.with her 
+in the Meadows of Etna . The fecorid was when they 
+got Wings from the Gods 5 from that Tirnevwe are tot 
+confider them as Fowls with Virgins -Faces., Daftly, 
+from the Moment that they, threw themfelves ihfeo thb 
+Sea, in Defpaijr for- UlyJ/es's having got the better of 
+them,, we are to confider them, as Fifties’ and Divinities 
+of the Sea **■ . . Page 
+
+Sun. Nothing was more capable of fedycing 'Men than 
+the heavenly - Bodies, and the Su)i -efpecialJy; Hi® 
+Beauty, the bright Splendor of his Beams, the Rapi- 
+dity of hjs Gourfe ; He rejoiceth as a Giant to run bis 
+Race , Pfal. xix^5- his Regularity in enlightening the 
+\vhole Earth by Turn*, and in diffiifing Light and 
+Fertility all around, effentiai Chaia&ers of the Divi¬ 
+nity, who Is himfelf ( the Light, and Source of every 
+Thing that. exifts ; all thefe were too capable of im- 
+preiling the grofs Minds of Men with a Belief, that 
+there, was' no-other God but the Sun. 
+
+Nothing fo much proves the Antiquity of this kind 
+of Idolatry, as - the Care Mcfes took: to prohibit it, 
+Dcut. , iv. 19 ... , •. 24.6 
+
+Sjhatinsy 'according,to fome Authors, was-the Son of 
+FaunuR,. Qr,,according to .Plutarch? of Valerius and 
+Valeria.' , ,'jTEe. Author, of die Original of the .Ramans 
+
+* V> ‘ f' 1 ** * * . 1 -l’ ^ 1 ’ .* y D /• • • • v . • 
+
+iays, Syl-uanus-, m iteaq o k being theiSqn.of Fa turns, was 
+.die fame. God* with, him : others confound him with 
+.Ran px JSgjpan r “- : . 249 
+
+- } T; . 
+
+Tartarus^ See Eeyjian -Fitlds, - 
+
+0^5 • , Tetnpejl. 
+
+
+
+
+I --N D E 'X. 
+
+T&ipefi:* • All.‘that we know of this 7 Goddefs; who* wag 
+; deified ; by the ■ Ramans,. is> - that : Mar. cellus,\2&\ aiioAfc- 
+. knowledgment for) having efcaped a:£tonhf\mh which 
+he was overtaken atSeaj between-itolflands'.of^r- 
+/tea and- Sardinia, built a Temple to her without; the 
+Berta Captma ;. •_ v v "•:': v, :oBagork£g 
+
+Temples. The Tabernacle* that Mofes made' in the i>efirt, 
+which way a portable Temple, is; the:> firffc of; the kind 
+that is known,, and perhapsAHeModeLofo thetreft. 
+
+The .Tabernacle had a Place more facred-thanthe 
+reft,' the Sanfta Smftorztm'i. which ianfwexa (psi theihhly 
+and more facred Places dh the. Ragan Tem’ples^cwhich 
+they called Adyta *.. This Temple,- exp ofcdAo tfteoYiew 
+of Nations bordering upon the >PIac& j which :sthe 
+Jfraelitas' pafiedch rough for- forty. Y.efcrs,:.might.*give 
+Occahom to thofe Idolaters to build;Others Jike to it, 
+though, not. portable. • They had of Jhem before idle 
+Building bfTtheiTemple of Jentfalctk. sThe fiift made 
+inendon. of ini-Scripture; is thatof-Dagon: among the 
+Fbili/iincs. •: The Cuftomof buildingiTemples :in:Ho- 
+nour of the .Gods whs derived from Egypt to-the fither 
+Nations. *«.Liican da Dia Syria fays, it:was propagated 
+Irom that Country to. the JJfyricms,: under syhkh he 
+comprehends-the; adjacent Countries,. Bbamcia^Syria, 
+and others. From Egypt and Pbattdciar it :paffedto 
+Greece with the Colonies, and from Greece i to iRomc. 
+Deucalion has the Glory aferibed to him of. having 
+built the fir ft Temple in Greece^ and Janzs in Italy. 
+We .may fee by Herodotus and other < Authors* \what 
+was the Magnificence of that Temple- of ;YulcdE in 
+- Egypt, which fo many Kings had much ado: torfihifh. 
+A Prince gained no finall Honour, if, iix : the -Coarfe 
+of a whole Reign, he was able to build one-Portico of 
+it. In Paufanius 's Eliacs yon have the. Defcription of 
+Jupittr Olympius ; that of Delphos.i thatO fDtasa at 
+Epbefus t the Pantheon $ a Specimen ofthe Magmfiicence 
+. of Agrifpa, Augt<Jhu\ Son-in-law; and that s£ Bel us, 
+, or rather the Tower :of. Babylon, «i i In. Bomt alone 1 there 
+i are reckoned to have been upwards of a thcrufehi great 
+. and fmall together^..The. Temples-ofithe Ancients 
+were divided -into feveral Partis j thefirft was*theBarch, 
+where was the Pool, whence the Priefts, JEdtiui, drew 
+the holy .Water for the Expiation of fuch as were to 
+
+enter 
+
+
+
+
+. enter - into the. -Temple; • - the Nave, ■ aiuf Urn \ 
+
+Holy- Placet called. Peast rale ,. Sacrarittmi Adytum* and 
+the backrTcmpIez. 'The inner part of the Temple wis 
+often very mfcch: adorned i forl* befides! the Statues bf 
+• thex Gods* which were', fometimes. of- Gold; 1 Ivory, 
+Ebony', or of fome other precious Materials; and thdic 
+cf the great Men;,it was ordinary to fee there Paintings,' 
+
+, Gildingsj; and other EmbeUifhments, among which wt 
+.reuft not forget the-Offerwigs> or the Ex>*voto> that is to- 
+fay/ Prbws of Ships, dedicated' upon- theirbeing faVed 
+from; Shipwreck; by the Affiftance, as thfey-thought, 
+of fome! . Gods ; Tablets, T abellot , for the Gore of a' 
+Difeafe j Aratt won from the Enemy, Colours;Tripods, 
+and votive Bucklers. 
+
+Of aE the Temples in • Greece^ there' were fbfcr which 
+. Vitruvius :. efpecialiy • 1 admired ? they ■ were * built - of 
+Marble; and’ enriched wjdi fuch ’ fine Ornaments,- that 
+they drew the Admiration of the fcblefl Judges, and 
+were become-the Standard and)Model’of ’Buddings; in 
+the; three Orders of Aruiateftur^!. the Dor/e;^the^7*'«/V, 
+and th e Corinthians • The firft of thefe fine > Works was 
+
+
+the Temple of Diana at Egbsjks ;. the fefcond^ that of 
+Apollo, in the City of Milcthus ; both, thofe of the Ionic 
+Order. ■. Of the third Order was ithe Temple of Eltujts* 
+built in Honour of - Ceres and Prvferf ina, which ISrius 
+made i of the Doric Order, of fo wide Extent, that it 
+was capable of containing'' thirty - thoufand Souls; for 
+there were at leaft fo many, ana oftentimes more, at 
+the Celebration of the My fteri es of the fe t wo GoddefTes. 
+The Temple p€ Jupiter Olympius at Athens -'Was' of the 
+Corinthian Order, ,z6zv See the Biftory of the JW* 
+theon 'SX.'Rama . *»• i - ■ s : • * * ■ ' • 3 ’Pipgf K z(yf 
+
+: Attars AThe. Ancients made fome DKU nation between. 
+
+
+Mare, aodi Ara, the firft was for the great Gods; the 
+Ia&’fonche foperior add inferior Gods.x This is Sergius's 
+DiftinfHbh-upon Virgil* Edaguev. v The Antiquity of 
+Altars hotto-be called in: Queftion 5 no dqubt it was 
+prior'to. the. Building: of Temple»/-n6t ortl^ainong the 
+Patriarchs;, but ? among theu Pagans - too.) : The ■ firft 
+Altars zuferifc; nothing but I fira pie)’Heaps ’ of Earth or 
+Turf,:: which were.* called^r*? Ccfpdtitia-, or Graminit?, 
+or rough Stones, £sV. and Idolators at firft imitated 
+that fun pie manner of ralfing Altars, which was ufed 
+
+by 
+
+
+
+
+I N t> *E X. 
+
+
+
+
+
+by Noah, and the. other primitive Patriarchs ; but iti 
+letter Times'A Itara capxe tx> be quite changed B&thTd 
+Master and Form.;.- ~ 
+
+lopg-iquare^ound, i 
+
+of[ Stone, Marble, B^afe, .and of Gold itfelf..That of 
+Jupiter Oiympius was npthing but an Heap of AJhes.;. 
+others were a mere Collection of Horns of different 
+Animals. Mofts fpeaks often of the Homs of the 
+AJtar, but in another Senfe, meaning nothing thereby;, 
+hut • their Corners, The great Veneration for Altars 
+introduced, .thp Cuftom. of having recourfe to them 
+Uppn every Occafion. There they tfruck up Alliances, 
+'freattes qf.Peac£ and Recpilplianons, Marriages, &c« 
+
+■ Page 269 
+
+Befides the Temples, Chapels, Lararies and Altars, 
+Pagatiifm had alio other Places devoted to the Service 
+of the, Gods. Thefe were th^oafecrated Groves, the 
+Jnftitution of which is fo antierit, that it is even thought 
+to have been antecedent to that of Temples and Altars, 
+As the JRampivs called thefe Groves Lvti, Serhiius thinks 
+they g0t that. Name,' bpcaufe they kindled Fires to let 
+the Myfieries be feen that were there celebrated, Luci a 
+
+luccndo 270 
+
+( . The Ufe of the facred Groves for the Celebration of 
+Mylteries, i? of very great .Antiquity, and p'erhips of 
+all otlujrs the moft univerfel. At hrll there were in 
+thefe Groves, neither Temples nor Altars ; they were 
+fhnple Retreats, to winch .there was no Accefs,for .the 
+profane ;, that i§, fuch as 'were not devoted to the .Ser¬ 
+vice of the Gods. . , ” “ . 
+
+..T^mpJe?,. Altars, ^nd .facred^ Qrqves^, having Been 
+among the Pagans Places of Refuge for Criminals^ 
+The People taught, that they might not feeih. inexora¬ 
+bly towards others, while they were fupplicating the 
+Gods to be propitious tp themfelyes, it is . highly cre^ 
+dible*that they look’d upon thefe facred t Places^*.jvhh 
+thef the Guilty had repaired as Sanctuaries,,inviolable 
+for. involuntary Delinquencies, for thbfe^ who wereppr 
+ptejTed; bv an unjuil Power, for Slaves ill. iifed by cruel 
+Matters,', hhd for “‘Debtors who- were irijuriduify. dealt 
+with, ; The Statues of the Gods, thofe of thn Ehijper 
+rors, and the Tombs .of Heroes, had the fame - Privi¬ 
+lege; and it ;was enough for a Criminal tohe within 
+; 1 the 
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+\ + *1 
+
+
+trie Compafs of thefe Groves,. or to have embraced® 
+Altar, or the Statueo f fom e GqH/ to be m perfeft 
+Safety. Being'once 1 within the P‘rdte£tlon. ofTan Alyle r 
+the Criminal remained at the Feet of the Altar'or §fa- 
+
+\ ■*“ ^ 1 f * • “T* * - |< —'«. . •/ ' •" * . « y , — T * * 1 ** ^ 
+
+
+
+the offended Party 
+
+
+
+
+T cr minus % If the Boundaries which Separate theTfefSi 
+had always‘been facred, Eaws arid .Religion 'needed 
+not to have.Tent* their AJIiftancc. againit thofe who en¬ 
+croached upon them. As the Laws y eftablilhedw^nre 
+not a Curb.fufRcierit; to,.Avarice;^ Num s - perfuaaed tfie 
+People/ tkat“there' was a God the Pr otedlor of the 
+Land-marks, and an Avenger ,of Incroacfyments. 
+Numa built' a‘Temple tv Terminus won the v foSeTait 
+Mount . . .. 27$ 
+
+Themis. Hejiod in his' Theogony fays, ffip y/as the !D augji- 
+• ter o fCcelus and Terra , or of Uranus genet Titaral. whence 
+we > - J ' -**.'**" 
+
+deft W&l Sr# 
+
+2493, before' CErilf ’1V07.’ to which add* i 750/ rhafifcs 
+3257 Years fince her Time _ 
+
+Tit era was one of the Wives of Uranus , and had eigh¬ 
+teen Children by him, who went by the Name of 27 - 
+tansi after their Mother’s ‘Nam^. , This Ppncefs after 
+her Death received divine Honours, and’ the EEfth 
+was called Tei ra after' her Name, .'and'the 1 HeaVehs 
+called Cactus after that of Urahushtv Huiband* “ ’* £76 
+
+
+iquillity, or Quies, the happy EfFe&s qF Coif cord/k hd 
+eace i ‘hz.d alfo her Temple at Rome, without the 
+
+
+
+
+Tranquillity, 
+
+Peace. 
+
+Poria Colina 
+
+Thphonius. See OfacJe. 
+
+Truth. The Pagans 
+was ignorant that 
+the" Saltation of 
+Truth of the Pagans' was reckoned* ; the Daughter/of 
+Saturn taken f6r Time; fo {he was the Mother qfVsr- 
+tar, which Genealogy fheiws, that Men, though ftmkin 
+the gredteH Idolatry, followed foihe times the Lights of 
+refined Rfcafbn ; , 2 fjj 
+
+Tyber and other Rivers. Maxims us Tyrtus fays, the Egyp¬ 
+tians worfhip the Nile, becaufe of its Ufefulnefs ; the 
+
+Thejfa - 
+
+
+
+
+I- N D E X. 
+
+- Jfheffaliam die Peneus, for its Beauty , tlie §cjthia>u%\\$ 
+
+: ; Danube, for the vaft Extent of'its Watersj v the-£< 5 . 
+Jiam the Acklous, becanfe of the Fable of his Combat 
+
+■with Hercules ; the Lacedemonians the Eurotus j.the Afljc* 
+^raans the llejjus . /The Greeks and floptans ^javejre^t q p.fp - 
+, pcrftitious, not to adoptthe Worlhip of the watery 
+Gods* Their Temples contained Statues of.thej Ri¬ 
+vers and Fountains,-as well as thofe of the other .CJpds, 
+If the great Ulefulnefs of the Water to die Earth'm- 
+duced the firft Idolaters to make a Divinity;of it,. \ve 
+may fuppofe the Wonders that have beeh. ©Bfcrved In 
+that Element, did likewife qon tribute _jaot yC jipjg to 
+promote the Superftition.. The ebbing 1 ahcj,flowing \o( 
+the-Sea, that periodical Motion which fwelb and links 
+. the Waters by Turns every fix Hours, an 4 " peipethates 
+; their •Motion,' whereby they are preferved from Cpr- 
+rupcion. The Saltnefs of the Sea,* a fccond Source pf 
+. its Incorruptability; the prodigious Number . and Va¬ 
+riety of Monfiers which, it engenders, and t}ie enor- 
+’ mous- Bulk of fome of its Inhabitants, .fuch as the 
+?Whale y 'and forneothers, that far' furpafs the. greatplt 
+;of the Land; Animals j all thefe made 'Pagans pay 
+divine Honours to the Sea, Rivers and Fountains p*. 279 
+
+
+• # • . . * V, 
+
+Venus.. According; to Cicero there were four Vaiufn ; the 
+firft was the Daughter of Ceplus and the Day; the fe* 
+- .cond was (he that fprung from the Sea-foajn, the Mo- 
+• ther of iCujdd; *he third was the Daughter of'jMpiter 
+;-^n A.Qionc; this is the Wife of Vulcan, and Mars'S MU' 
+flrefs,. by whom he-had Ant eras, or the Counter-cupid j 
+1 the fourth was Aft arte, bom at Tyrus in Pbcnicia-, W-ho 
+wedded Adonis. The Poets confidered Lo<ve as the Son 
+of-this Goddefs; * and _gaye her three Graces for her 
+1 , 4 Imaghters. llh^Hours charged ;with the Care of her 
+? {E£ucarion,. conduced her tp fj^aven, where all the 
+-i, Gods, chim’d with Beauty make Love to her; 
+but; fhe. matches with Vulcan, the 1 molt deform’d ,of 
+them all- Venus, taken for.theDaughter tsfjupitcr and 
+• Dions, . lived in the Year of the World' 2550, before 
+Chrift 1449, to which add 1750* makes 3199 Years 
+fince her Time . 2 ^6 
+
+: ‘ : ■ reft* 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D E. X. 
+
+y c f!a was the Daughter of Saturn and Rhea. They'd!-. 
+ffinguHKed fyv Afejlds,. tjie^one was reckoned dieS^m- 
+bol of the Earth,' and the other OJf the Fire; 4 hd. their 
+Worflup was^iptnewhat .different. For Vejlh ds 1 the 
+Symbol of the. Earth, fee .that; of Cyfa/e. ,The Veda. 
+that reorefented the^ Fire, her Worfhip confided chiefly 
+in preferring the Fir?:, which was ponfecratedtoher. 
+The Romans had ^Virgins fet apart: far this Employ¬ 
+ment, whom they' termed J^eJlaL. They chofe for J^/- 
+tals fbur Virgins,! between the Age of fix and ten 
+Years, whbf?Bu$h was to be free frohi all Imputation, 
+and their Body, from all Imperfection ; at fir'ft they 
+were only four la,Number, but two more Were added 
+afterwards ; die ten firfl Years were for their Proba¬ 
+tion ; during the, fucceeding ten, they performed the 
+Office of Fnefteffes, and in their jail ten they formed 
+other Novices in their Turn. After thirty Years* ey 
+were at Liberty to depart, and even to -many; but, 
+during the Time they were confecrated to the Goddefs, 
+fo ftriS Chaftity was exa&ed of them, ‘that,* when they 
+tranfgrefled againft their Yows, they were buried alive. 
+The Emperor Commadus , to gain Reputation to his 
+Reign, carafe 4 the unfortunate Cornelia to be. buried 
+alive, upon an Accufation of being feduced by a.^- 
+man Knight, named Coler. When this facred Fire hap¬ 
+pened to go out through their Default, the Pchtiff -pu¬ 
+nched them feverely. , Vtjla , the Daughter of Saturn 
+and Rhea, lived in the Year of the World zt 11, be- 
+
+i • ♦ • * • _ ■ 
+
+fore Chrifl =2439, to which add 1750, makes 3259 
+Years fince her Time _,,. . t . .. Page 288 
+
+ViSfory, ap imaginary Beii}g, .whereof, the • Greeks diad 
+made a . .DivinityL Re-ujamas informs us,’ that .this 
+God'defs'Had (everal Temples in Gr/cce j and ‘Xi'tuxhi - 
+vius IpsaKs, of thole (he £ad at Rpmcd No blpbdy 
+tiling was ^offered, to:ter in. Sacrifice, 'hutonlyrthe 
+
+?"“? V .i /..agio 
+
+ridcav . . 
+
+
+
+him thdirf Protebfdr/ called, him^) the.• third 
+the Son". of“/^f^r;;aiu£ 7#no> : ots of. Juno .alone,: r ac¬ 
+cording tet Rcficd j theTOUrth was the Son 'of McnaUzas , 
+who inhabited the l r ulcauum Iflands. We may find 
+
+another 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+another Vulcan more antient than all thcfe, that is, the 
+Tubal-cain of the Scripture, who, having applied him- 
+felf to the forging of Iron, became the Model and Ori¬ 
+ginal of all the reft. Vulcan, the Son of Juno , lived 
+in the Year of the World 2551, before Chrill 1449, 
+to which add 1750, makes 3199 Years fincehis Time 
+
+Page 293 
+
+Uranus . One Elton, a Name that may be rendered in 
+Greek, Hypjijiis , the mod High, who had to his Wife 
+Berutb . They had a Son named Epigeus , who was 
+afterwards called Uranus, and a Daughter who went 
+by the Name of Go ; and the Names of thofe two 
+Children the Greeks have given to Heaven and Earth. 
+
+- Uranus had by his Sifter Go four Sons, Cbronus, Bety- 
+Jus , Atlas, and Dago/s, or Silon, whofe Surname was 
+"Ztus Arotrius, or Jupiter the Tillar. Uranus had by 
+fever al Wives forty five Children ; Tit at a alone brought 
+him eighteen, called Titan Princes. Uranus lived in 
+the Year of the World 2413, before Chrift 1587, to 
+which add 1750, makes 3337 Years fincc his Time 
+
+_ 294 
+
+W. 
+
+Water. If the Exigencies of Life made a Number of 
+Gods to be invented, and led the firft Pagans to deify 
+almoft all the Parts of the World, efpecially the four 
+Elements, the Water had a Title to be one of their £rft 
+Divinities, fince the antient Philofophy, the Princi¬ 
+ples whereof Tbaits fetched from Egypt, and propa^ 
+gated them afterwards into Greece , taught that it was 
+the firft Principle of all Things, and mat it had the 
+
+, greatelt Share in the Production of Bodies ; that it made 
+Nature fruitful, nouriftied the Plants and Trees; and 
+•that were it not for this the Earth, quite withered, 
+parched and burnt up, would be a fterile Mats, and 
+exhibit only a frightful Defart. That the Water , as an 
+Element, received divine Honours is a FaCt that can¬ 
+not be controverted. What Herodotus fays of the Ve¬ 
+neration which the antient Perjians had for it, the Sa*- 
+crifices they offered to it, and that they carried Su- 
+erftition fo far, as not to dare to fpit, or blow their 
+Jofcs, or wafh their Hands in it, let fall, or throw 
+any Ordure into it, nor even make ufe of it for quench¬ 
+ing their Fire. 
+
+5 I will 
+
+
+E 
+
+
+
+3 N D E X. 
+
+~ * # • * 
+
+* 
+
+I .will here Ihew my Readers the ten firfl Genera-' 
+dons, according to the Opinion of the Chaldeans, with 
+the Duration of each Reign in Sares. The Antients 
+divided Time into Sares, Neres , and Sofes.' The Sare 9 
+(Saras) according to Syncellus, denoted three thoufand 
+.* fix hundred Years ; the Nere (Neros) fix hundred - 9 and 
+\ die Safe (Soffos) fixty ; which makes the Duration of 
+- the firll Reigns, an infinite Number of Years, every 
+King having reigned feveral Sares; but when one' can- 
+fiders .the Sares’ only* as Years of Days, the Computa¬ 
+tion of thefe anrient Authors agrees well enough with 
+the Years afligned by Mo/es to the firfi: Patriarchs. 
+
+
+According: ta A- 
+fricarius^ 
+
+Akrus reigned 
+Sares IO 
+Akfparus * '3 
+
+Amelon 1 3 
+
+Amc 7 ion % 2 
+Metalarus 18 
+Dooms. * 29 
+EvedordcSus 18 
+Amphi's ip, 
+
+Otiartes ... &l 
+
+Xixutrus . ; j 
+
+
+According to A- 
+‘ bydenus, it} the 
+fame Author , 
+
+
+- \ 
+
+
+r•• 
+
+
+Alcrus 
+
+Alaparus 
+
+Amillarus 
+
+Amenon 
+
+Megalarus * 
+Daos 
+
+Evedorefeus 
+Anedaphus 
+
+
+Sifuthrus 
+
+
+IQ 
+
+3 
+
+13 
+
+12 
+
+18 
+
+id 
+
+18 
+
+9 
+
+
+According to A- 
+pollodorus in the 
+fame Author . 
+
+A hr us 1 o 
+
+Alaparus 
+Amelon 
+Ajnenon 
+
+Megalarus. . I 8 
+Da onus . 10 
+
+Evedortfcus . 1 'S 
+
+Amenpjinus .1 o 
+
+Otiartes 8 
+
+Xixutrus 18 
+
+
+Since, in this Syftem of the Chaldeans , it is taken 
+for granted^ .t hz%Alorus. is -Adam> there is no dcflibt but 
+
+} • Page 298 
+
+
+Xixutrus mull be Noah 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+M 
+
+
+XI 
+
+
+JGxutries, Chronus, or Saturn, having .appeared to Xixu¬ 
+trus in a Dream, forewarned him, that on. the fifteenth 
+of the Month Dafus Mankind were to be deftroyed by 
+•a Deluge, and enjoined him to write down the Origin, 
+the Hinory, and the End of all Things ; and to con¬ 
+ceal his .Memoirs, under Ground, in the City of the 
+-Sun, named [Sippara^. After this he was to build a 
+-Ship, to lay. in their neceflary Provifions, .and ihut 
+in with himfelf the Birds and four-footed Bealls, Xixu- 
+
+R trus 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+utrus put liis Orders punctually in Execution, and made 
+a Ship, which-was two Furlongs in Breadth, (that is, 
+two hundred and fifty Paces, a Quarter of a Mile) 
+and five in Length, (about three Quarters of a Mile) 
+and no fooner had he entered into it than the Earth was 
+drowned. Sometime after, feeing the Waters abated, 
+he let go fome Fowls, which, finding neither Nourifh- 
+ment nor Refting-place, returned into the Veflfel. A 
+few Days after he fent out others, that returned with 
+Bits of Mud on their Claws. The third time he let 
+them go they appeared no more; whence he^ con¬ 
+cluded, that the Earth was beginning to be fufficientlv 
+difcovered. Then he made a Window in the VeffeJ, 
+and, finding it had refled upon a Mountain, he came 
+forth with his Wife, his Daughter, and the Pilot; and, 
+having paid Adoration to the Earth, raifed an Altar, 
+•<and offered Sacrifice to the Gods, he and thejr that 
+were with him. difappeared. Thofe that ftaid in -the 
+Ship, finding that they did not return, came out and 
+made fearch for them, but in vain ; only they heard 
+a Voice founding thefe Words in their Ears, Xixutrut, 
+by the Merit of his Piety, is tranflated to HeaVen, and 
+.ranked among the Gods, with thofe who accompa¬ 
+nied him. Every one, at firffi Sight; will fee that this 
+is nothing but the HUlory of Noah's Flood, dlgefted 
+by the Chaldeans and Greeks . Noah . (who is alfo 
+called Belus , Saturn, Janus, &c.) lived in the Year of 
+the World 1050, before Chrift .3050, to which add 
+1750, makes it 4800 Years fince his Time. P. 299 
+
+
+Y. ' 
+
+Tncus of Peru. The facred Fire was alfo the Objeft of 
+the fuperflitious Worfhip of the Jtmsrhans. The Na¬ 
+tions moll adjoining to jijia have Temples, where the 
+Fire is carefully preferved. Every body knows how 
+famous thofe Temples were under the Reign of the 
+Tncus ; but what appeared very furprifing were thofe 
+Companies of Virgins fet apart for the Service of the 
+Sun, whofe Laws were even more fevere than thofe 
+of the Roman Veftals (fee Garciilajfo , Book ii. ch. id 
+and the Punifhment when they broke their Vows pre- 
+cifely the fame, fince they were-bwied alive. They 
+
+who had debauched them were punifhed with far more 
+
+Rigour 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+Rigour tlian at Rome, fince the Punifhment extended 
+not only to the whole Family, but even to the Place 
+where they were born ; its whole Inhabitants were ut¬ 
+terly extirpated, nor did they leave fo much as one 
+Stone upon another Page 301 
+
+Youth ; they had the Goddefs Hebe, the Daughter of Ju~ 
+pitcr and Juno, and the Goddefs Horta, over them as 
+their Prote&reffes and Governefles 301 
+
+The Game of the Youth was called the Trojan Game, 
+which Eneas inflituted at the Funeral-games of his Fa¬ 
+ther, (fee Virgil' s iEneid, Book v.) and was for the 
+Youth, who, being divided into two Bands, Ihewed 
+therein both their Valour and Addrefs. The Romans , 
+who adopted this Sort of Combat, reprefented it in 
+the Circus-fyVa, as we read in Plutarch , exhibited this 
+Show ; but Civil Wars interrupted the Performances 
+thereof, until C<efar , who reftored it, as we are told 
+by Suetonius „ See the Defcription of it in the Hillory 
+from Virgil 303 
+
+The Games of Augufius , after his having made the Tour 
+of Greece and Sicily upon his Return to Rome, allowed 
+an altar to be raifed. For tuna reduci , to Fortune of J'afe 
+Conduit, and that Day was marked in the Calendar 
+under the Name of Augujlalia 304 
+
+The Capita line Games were founded by the Romans, ac¬ 
+cording to Titus Liajius, to thank the Gods for having 
+faved the Capitol, when the Gauls plundered Rome. 
+In thofe Games three Sorts of Exercifes were com¬ 
+monly exhibited, the Horfe-race, the Trial of vocal 
+and inftrumental Mulxck, and the Gymncflic Games, 
+that is, an Exercife confining of five Gaines, Leap¬ 
+ing, Running, Quoiting, Dandng, and Wrcflling. See 
+Petrus Faber 303 
+
+The Games of Ceres , The Celebration of thefe Games 
+lifted eight Days, commencing on the Day before the 
+Ides, or on the twelfth of April. As in thefe Games 
+the Mourning of Ceres for the Rape of her Daughter 
+was commemorated, as well as in the Elcnfmiun My- 
+ileries, the Roman Ladies appeared there in white 
+Robes, with lighted Torches in their Hands, to re- 
+prefent the Goddefs feeking for her dear Profcrpinc . 
+The Men too joined with them camethithcr failing; for 
+the ftri&eft Abftinence was enjoined before Night, ef- 
+
+0^2 pecially 
+
+
+
+I N I> E X, 
+
+peel ally From Wine and Women, and mofl: punctually 
+obferved too ; the fmalleft Blemifh excluding the Spec¬ 
+tators from them, and the publick Herald took Care 
+to warn all who might profane them to quit the Aflem- 
+bly. If any one was convicted of having flamed his 
+Purity, he was punifhed with no lefs than death P. 305 
+The Aciiac Games. Augttjlus, according to Suetonius, after 
+the Victory he had gained over Mark Antony, built the 
+City Nicopolis, and there inflituted Games in Honour of 
+Apollo , to be renewed every fifth Year. Dion Chryfojlom, 
+Book ii. adds, that in their Celebration the Gymnic 
+Trials of Skill were admitted, with thofe of Mulick, 
+and the Horfe-races ; that Augttjlus gave them the 
+Name of Aciiac, from the Promontory of that Name, 
+■where Apollo, to whom he believed himfelf indebted 
+for the Advantage he had gained over the Enemy, was 
+efpecially honoured 306 
+
+The Agonal and A flic Games were celebrated at Rome with 
+a great deal of Magnificence, and were fo called from 
+the Victim that was offered there, which went by the 
+Name of Agonia. As the Tiber fometimes overflowed 
+the Plain where the Circus flood, they were reprefent- 
+ed near one of the Gates of Rome, which from 
+thence was called Agonal, as well as the little Hills 
+adjoining 306 
+
+Thefc Camp Games did not require fo much Ceremony 
+as the others ; they were celebrated by the Soldiers 
+them {elves in their Camps, either for their Exercife or 
+Recreation. Nothing was more proper to keep them 
+in Breath than thofe Sorts of Combats, among which, 
+befidcs Wreftlingr, Running and other Trials of Skill, 
+it feems they fought with the fierce!! Animals 307 
+
+The Games of Cajlor and Pollux were by the Romans con¬ 
+ferred upon thofe two Heroes by a particular Worfhipj 
+they were aCled every Year; (fee Dionyjius Halicar- 
+va^us. Book vii.) Nothing exceeded the magnificent 
+Pomp with which they were ufhered in and accompa¬ 
+nied, as we learn from the fame Author. After the or¬ 
+dinary Sacrifices, fays he, fuch as prefided over thefe 
+Games, fet out from the Capitol to march in order 
+through the Forum to the Circus , (fee Pan^jinus de Lud'n 
+Circcn/ibus) where this Show was exhibited j they were 
+preceded by their Children on Horfe-back, when they 
+
+themfelves 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+themfeives were of the Equejlrian Order, while the 
+Plebeians marched on foot. The former compofed fo 
+many Troops, and the latter Companies of l'oot-fol- 
+diers Page 307 
+
+The Megalejian Games celebrated in Honour of Cybcle , 
+and the other great Gods, were inftituted by the 
+Greeks, and adopted by the Romans, went by the Name 
+of Great Games. Megahnfes and Cicero informs us, that 
+they were exhibited upon the Palatinate Mount 308 
+The Floral Games became annual, on the Occafion of a 
+Famine which lafted three Years, and which had been 
+ufhered in by cold and rainy fprings ; the Senate, to 
+appeafe Flora , and obtain better Crops, having paiied 
+an A£t that Year, appointing the annual Celebration 
+of thefe Games, the fourth of the Calends of May, 
+which is the twenty eighth of April, in Honour of that 
+Goddefs, and was regularly executed for the future 
+
+3 C 9 
+
+By the Cireenjian Games we are to underhand only .the 
+Combats, the Races, and other Exercifes that, were 
+performed in the Places known by the Name of s the 
+Circus . Thefe Games were alfo called by the. Name 
+of the Great Games, Ludi Magr.i 310 
+
+The Equejlrian Games were thofe whofe Celebration 
+confifted in Horfe-races. The Dectunani were fuch. 
+as they reprefented every tenth Year. The Games of 
+the Leaves were fo called, either from the .Leaves 
+that the Crowns were made of, or becaufe the People 
+threw them xipon the Conquerors ; they were called 
+Ludi Foliacei . Thofe of the Gladiators took their 
+Names from the defperate Engagement of that fort of 
+Combatants, who fought therein with inconceiveabla 
+Fury and Obftinacy, and for which the Remans had an 
+inhuman Cruelty. The Gymnic Games borrowed 
+theirs from the Nakednefsor the Wreftlers, and from 
+the five Sorts of Combats that were exhibited therein, 
+which made up what the Antients called Gymnajiic . 
+The Injlnurati'ue Games were thofe that were repre¬ 
+fented a fecond Time. The Lufirul , Lujl rales, or Ru- 
+bigalia , had been inftituted in Honour of Mars, which 
+were celebrated on the hrft of Auguft * The Gaines 
+named Ncvendilcs were the fame with thofe funeral 
+Games, which were exhibited at the Death of great 
+
+R 3 Men, 
+
+
+
+I N D E X; 
+
+Men, or of the Emperors. The Palatine Games, Pa- 
+lat ini, were inftituted by Augnflus in Honour of Julius 
+C<Jar 9 and got that Name from the Temple upon the 
+Palatine Mount, where they were celebrated every Year 
+for eight Days, -beginning with the 25th of December. 
+Thofe of the Fifties, Pifcatori, were renewed every 
+Year in the Month of June , by the Praetor of the 
+City, in Honour of fuch of the Fifhers upon the "Tiber, 
+whole Gain was carried into the Temple of Vulcan, as 
+a Tribute paid to the Dead. The Plebeian Gaines 
+were exhibited in Honour of the People, who had 
+contributed fo much to the Extinction of the regal 
+Power. The Pontificals were thofe exhibited by the 
+Priefls at entering on their Office, in Imitation of the 
+Quccftors, whofe Games, went by the Name of the 
+Tvdi-qua?Boris. Romani, or the Roman Games, had 
+been inflituted by Tar quin the Elder (fee Titus Livius) 
+in Honour of Jupiter, • Juno, and Minerva, as we 
+learn from Cicero, in Verrum The Sacerdotal Games 
+were thofe which the People in the Provinces obliged 
+the Prielt to prelent them with. The Triumph cites, 
+thofe that were reprefented upon Occafion of fome 
+Triumph. The Votivi were exhibited on Occafion of 
+fome .Vow, and thofe were either public, when it was 
+a public Vow, as was the Cafe either in public Cak- 
+mities/.or'in the Heat of Battle, or on other momen¬ 
+tous Occafions ; or private, when fome private Ferfon 
+gave a Reprefentation of them. Lttdi SigiHares were 
+fo called upon account of the little Figures, either of 
+Silver or fome other Metal, which they fent to one 
+another in Token of Friendftiip, and that commonly 
+during the Saturnalia. Ludi Taurus were inflituted to 
+the Honour of the infernal Gods, on the Occafion of 
+a Plague, which arofe from the expofing of Bull’s Flefli 
+to Sale. The Secular Games were fo called from their 
+being repeated only once in. an hundred Years, as is 
+commonly believed ; but this Name was given to cer¬ 
+tain Games .that were renewed but feldom, or that 
+were reprefented but once during the fame Perfon’s 
+Life-time. Nothing came up to the Solemnity of the 
+Secular Games. Fir 11 , Heralds were difpatched thro’ 
+all Italy , to invite every body to them, as to a Solem¬ 
+nity which they would never fee again ; and when the 
+
+Time 
+
+
+
+I 'N D' . E. x:. 
+
+Time of their Celebration. approached, the Coniuls, 
+Decemvirs, and at laft the Emperors themfelves went 
+into different Temples to offer Sacrifices, and ordered 
+a D.iftribution to be made to the People of fuch Things 
+as were neceffary, that every one might fet about the 
+expiating of his Sins ; fuch as Torches, Sulphur, and 
+Bitumen, and none were excepted but the Slaves. The 
+People, thus furnidled with Materials for the Expia¬ 
+tion, flocked to the Temple of Diana, which was upon 
+the dfentinc Mount, and every one gave his Children 
+Barley, Corn and Beans, to-offer the whole in Sacrifice 
+to the Deftinies, in order to appeafe them. Then,.upon 
+the Arrival of the firft Feftival confecrated to Juno, 
+three Days and three Nights were employed in offering 
+Vidtims to Jupiter, Juno , Neptune, .Vtllcan, Mars, Diana, 
+Vcjia, Penns, Hercules, Saturn, to the Divinities of the 
+Fountains, and laftly to the Par or. Prefer pine, and 
+Pluto, On the firft Night, at the facred Hour, the 
+Confuls in the Time of the Republic, and afterwards 
+the Emperors themfelves accompanied by the Decem¬ 
+virs who prefided at this Solemnity, went to the Banka 
+of the Tyber, where they raifed three Altai's, on which 
+they facrificed three Lambs 5 after fprinkling of the 
+Altars with the Blood of thofe Vidlims, they ordered 
+the reft of them to be burnt. This Ceremony was illu¬ 
+minated by a great Number of Lamps, and accompa¬ 
+nied with finging feveral Hymns in Honour of the 
+Gods, and terminated by the Offering of feveral black 
+Victims, fuch as Polujius and Pukliculci had formerly 
+offered. While they were taken up in thefe religious 
+Functions, Artifts eredled a Theatre, and prepared a 
+Place where the Exercifes common to the Games 
+were to be performed 5 then the next Day in the Morn¬ 
+ing they went to the Capitol, where, after offering a 
+Sacrifice to Jupiter , they returned to the Place now men¬ 
+tioned, and began to celebrate the Games in Honour 
+of Apollo and Diana, The next Day the R.man Ladies 
+repaired in the fame Capitol to facrifice to Juno : 
+Laftly, the Emperor himfelf, accompanied with the 
+Decemvirs, went the fame Day and offered to each of 
+the forefaidDivinities the Vidtims that belonged to them. 
+
+On the third Day, feven and twenty Youths of the 
+beft Families, all in Robes, and as many Virgins, 
+
+• marched 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+inarched in Proceffion to the Palatine Mount to the 
+Temple of dpollo.> where they vied with one another 
+in finging Hymns and Songs, to make the Gods pro¬ 
+pitious to the Emperor, the Senate, and the Ro 7 nan Peo¬ 
+ple. Laftly, during three Nights that the Solemnity of 
+thefe Games continued, all the Theatres in Rome , the 
+Cirques, and other public Places, deilined for thofe Fe- 
+ftivals, were employed in Shows that were therein ex¬ 
+hibited. Among other Things, there were alfo Hunt¬ 
+ing-matches, Combats with wild Beafts, Sea-fights, 
+
+The People divided the whole Time between Mirth 
+and Devotion. Thus it is, that the Games of the 
+Greeks and Ro?nans were intermixed with Religion; and 
+there are two Reafons which induced me to give the 
+HiXlory of them a Place in this fmall Treatife ; firlt, 
+becaufe they have the Worfliip of the Gods and God- 
+defles joined with them. Secondly, becaufe my chief 
+Defign in this Hiilory is for the Youth, to make them 
+underftand the Clalfics, both Poets and Hiftorians, 
+who make mention of thefe Games. P. 312 to 3x5 
+
+Yphtime was the Wife of Mercury, and the Mother of the 
+Satyrs ; fhe was worshipped as a Goddefs 315 
+
+Z. 
+
+Xamolxis. The Thracians and the Getes y as we learn from 
+Herodotus , Book iv. ch. 94, 95. had alfo a God who 
+was peculiar to themfelves, and ferved them inftead of 
+all others. This was Zamelxis their great Legiflator; 
+he built a Chamber under Ground, and Ihuthimfelf up 
+in it for three Years, but in the beginning of the fourth 
+Year he fhewed himfelf again, and this pretended Mi¬ 
+racle ftruck his Countrymen fo, that they deified him, 
+laid before him their Exigencies, and fent to confult 
+him every five Years. All other Legiflators have taken 
+the fame Way to gain Authority to their LaVs. Mne<vis> 
+King of Egypt , attributed his to ' creury , or Tcutath 
+Xasnolxis 5 the 7 hr act an Legiflator, to the Goddefs V?Jla > 
+Z-croaJirisi to his Genius; Numa Pompiiius ,to the Nymph 
+Egeria, Pythagoras gave out that he went down to the 
+Kingdom of Pluto ; Epimenidcs , that he had llept fifty 
+Years in a Cave in the Ifland of Crete ; all of them, after 
+
+Mj?s, who had received the Tables of the Law upon 
+
+M cunt 
+
+
+
+■I N D .E X, 
+
+a 
+
+Mount Sinai, with much Pomp and Solemnity, that the 
+Tradition thereof had fpread among all Nations P.317 
+The Greeks had a kind of Gods, whom they called Zogo- 
+72 oi 9 as much as to fay. Animal born. 317 
+
+Zeumicbius . Agreus and Halieus had two Brothers ; he of 
+the two, whofe Name was Chryfor, the fame with He- 
+phatu sox Vulcan , invented the Hook, the Bait, and Fifh- 
+ing-line. Thefe Inventions procured him after his 
+Death divine Honours, under the Name of Zeumichius * 
+or Jupiter the Engineer 317 
+
+The Scythians , according to Clemens Alexandrinus's Ora - 
+tio ad Gentes , in antient Times adored a Scymitar, 
+the Arabians , a rough Stone, the Trunk of a Tree, 
+or fome Pillar without Ornament. Thofe Pillars they 
+called Zoara 317 
+
+
+FINIS. 
+
+
+
+
+