H 













I 


I 


"l 


f 1 






I 




k 


4 




+i 


1 


J 


M 


I 


T 


LL 


J 




1 

























i 



J 


I 


> 




I 








E 


E F 

fcflaui JL* 


«t g 


YUl 




\ 


i 




e 




difperiion. Tliefe were defcribed in hieroglyphics upon 


and when they arrived at the know 




ledge of letters, the fame accounts were religiously main 


mentioned of Sanchoniathon, the mo ft ancient of Gentile 


is 








1 


Lj 


niathon , fays 


3 


a 


* 7 * 




P • 


whence to 


matter o 


con 


e 


e 




\ 








tents: a 


or tne 






the 'whole to a conclujion 


I- 


L J 






to 21 ve 


lnugnunto 

But fuch is the 






c 


O 


i 1 


era, which 


am about to purfue 


sj 










L 


1 


G 














create in 


as 


e. to 


L’fc 


121 


L 


L 






were 

view, and be made 


l 


c 










to 


ac 














the fcene opened. W hat I have to exhibit, 






acco 


as 


is 


\ 




in i 


to run eoun 


new 










ter to many received opinions, which length of time, and 

have in a manner rendered facred 


What is 






O H o-vfx@cc\w rots euro tuv cuPtiToov hpmmaiv 




ccToxPv<pot{ AMMOTNED.IM 


t 


ygctfAfActtri crvyxeip.€mt' ) d fa &% yv Trctcrt 

wnctfcrg* xcu S7rmi$ 


n)v uctmo'w airavroxv avioi 






fMVOV Xdi TciS oMjJ 




t/j 7rpayy.artta rov xar 


yogsui exyrotcov Troiwapsvot) (^mvcrccTo tw yrgovscriv. Eufeb. Prffip. Evang, L 








c. $. p, 32 








1 


I 



\ 


H 



J 


r 


j* 


i 







■l 


I 


i 













& 



•s 


4 










ERRATA 






b 


1 


4 








I 


I 


h 


t 




K. A 


L 


A L S 






k J 




names 


1 






cor re 




5 


Ammon was 


Amoun 




fpeaks of many people, who 


were of this opinion 




fe¬ 




ll 


Er< 


rw KOAAM 


onoM 








From Egypt his name and worfhip 


into 


were 


Greece ; as- indeed were the names of almoft all the Deities 


there worfhiped 


13 


v 


mi 7rot,i/ra r a ovvouloltol rm 




. J 






©£ 6 M 

na?nes of the Gods in Greece were adventitious , having bee?i- 

rom 


7 M 






U 




1 






s; 




Chus was rendered by the Greeks Xv<ro$ } Chufus ; but 


him were 




s 




Ham fub jovis nomine'in Africa.diu cultus. Bochart. Geog. Sac 

*i 

A fAfwvoc. AikiUSs Toy 7r^oo'ayopevBai^ %cu &tco t ifA&CFt' %oct y&p xccl §>ccifq$ ev 

Tots A ctx% £ a i m mi o & Z'wiQcthhtov (bynru 

*Zeu A tSvTis A uu. 


i, 


c> x* p. 5 


u 




r 1 


l . 


0)v 0 KBpCtTfJlpO^ xexhvm M CLVTl 


* * 


Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. v. 28. Schol; 

11 Plutarch; Ifis et Ofiris. Vbl. 2. p. 354. Zeus was certainly, as thefe writers 

4 

fay, a title given to Ham : yet it will be found originally, to have belonged to 
his father; for titles-were not uniformly appropriated 

I 

Herodotus. L. 2. c. 49. Speaking afterwards of the people^tDodona, he fays 

Xpors 7 toAAb Siti-tXvovTQS^ SttuSotto ex. t»s AiyvjrTB a/wixofievoc tcc ouvofx.ccrex, toc 

twv ueuv Tmv ctAAwr, As to wan cT'g v^epov to-oAAw emvQovrc. c. .52, It-was a long time 

before they'had names for any of the Gods ; and very late-before they were acquainted 

with Dionufws which- Deity , as,-well as .. all. the others,, they .receivedfrom Egypt. See 
alfo 1. 2. c. 59 






32 






name 



s 


A 


A 

A 


7 


$ 




i 


*3 womw smhsiTQ. ro 


The fame is faid by 




i 




r 


L J 


. J 


Philo Biblius from Sanchoniathon - 17 Xvcc 


3 


1 


I 


■. i": 






the fame as 


was the brother to Cna 


18 T 






r 




1 


h 


■w 




J 


rj 


_ j 


pos Xt'a : the purport of which is conformable to the 




-id 


count in the fcriptures, that the Egyptians were of a colla 


or that the father of 






* ► * 








M 


M 


A 

A 


h 


I . 




IS 1 


as 




J 


I. 








1 


y- 


me 




r 




L 


IS 


IS 






It 


are d 


ra 


r 


and 


r I 


I 


were 


I 




the head of their family is imagined to have been in the fin 


L 






is certain 


I 


nus 


miftake for M ucctpa, the land of Mufar or 


L 


is a 

by 15 Eufebius and Suidas called Meftraia, bv 


I 


J 


P 


I 


*7'Eufeb. Prtep. Evang. L. 1 . c. io. p. 39 

Sanchoniathon apud eundem. Ibid 
See Michaelis Geographia Hebrseor. Extera. P 


L J 


SB 


n 




1 








L J 




pxi'fa ebacn^ 


O 7rp&To$ ontncras rw Meq^pcuctv nrot AsyvTroi^M 

Mucrev ev ctury ry Me^ctict. Eufeb. Chron. P. 17 . 

Mztf'pxtpi of the LXX 

Jofephus calls the country of Egypt Meftra 


39 




l 


- P 


j 


T>ip yap Aiywj'TQv M 

xcti M am A lyujrrtss ct^ctvrct^ 'Jj return? oix&PT&y Jcc&As^ter* Ant. Jud; 

c. 6t . 2 




! 


1 






which 


I 




% 


I 


V 


1 


m j 


* 





A 


& 


R A 


I 




fe * 


H +_ 


m ore 


-V 


rus 

the title of Orion 






e is re 


er 














as 


in 


as 


The Cuthite Colonies, which went weft 


of wild * 3 beafts 

ward, carried with them memorials of this their anceftor 












mere 


point out the great Hunter, alluded to in their name 


rmi 

I he 

Nebrod : hence 




Grecians generally ftiled him 


iZ 




places called by his name are exprefled Nebrod, Nebrodes, 


Nebrifta. In Sicily 


mountain Nebrodes, called by 

opr]. It was a famous 


was 

*5 fd 


place for hunting; and for that reafon had been dedicated 


The poet Gratius takes notice of its being 


to Nimrod; 








Cantatus Grans Acragas 


2r& 




as 








%7 


to 




c 


c 




rigteTov ytvzlSica BotcriAscc AA cop&v ev BafuAww* 'X.ahJ'ctiov* Eufeb. Chron 
ex Apollodoro. The fame from Abydenus. Eufeb. Chron. P. 6 

xai 'K<xh 8 ariv Clptoovct, Cedrenus 




P- 5 






Ef TOL$ Ct^gots TB 8gCiV& BTCCqCLV (jTOV 






P. 14 

E yevv)iv:i ^ 






tui Ct>ho$tZ (pV?W$ XoU* QVOft&Tl) 0 A/ 0 / 0 ^, 

I 

ISh^paKp'y TtyatvTx } t ov tw BaguAwidv XTioacvra^ oV Asyjcriv 

yivapr.svov tv tois cc^oots r& ypctWyoVTivx x.aA'-i<rii' t Claim'd 


c 


0 C* 7 > 






vytvvWz tov 

Tleocrctl <X 7 rof)£Ct)V£VTCt} XCtt 

Chronicon Pafchale, P. 36 


Oi 








Homer. OdyfT. L. A, v. 571-*' 

I 

Chronicon. Pafch. P 


2 3 


6 


n 


0 


®s Strabo. L. 6. p. 421. 

Gratii Cyneget, V. 527. 

* 7 Solinus de Situ Orbis; c. 11 

VOL 


■ 26 




0 


et 






I 



Q 


CAL 


RAD 


1 1 


u 


■L- 


L 


in. the 




was m 


reverence fhewn to Chus, or Bacchus: yet there is 


enor 


reafon to think, that divine honours were of old paid to him 


G 


Athens, and another of the 






3 * 


at 






fame name at Cos, were, as we 












Sicily under the names of 


feems to have been worfhiped 




in. 


He was like wife ftiled 33 Belus 


Elorus, Pelorus, and Orion 


L_ 








I T L E S of the 




J 


Theuth, Thoth, Taut, Taautes, are the fame tide di 






fpeaks of him as the fame as Hermes 


34 - 


1 


J 






SKGLAZtfOLV 


V 






V. 


rf|- 




which 








with that nation, was the moft general 


name 




Plato in his treatife, named Philebus, mentions him by the 


#■ i- 


feotS'ccs ireotytcSoiTrrovrca (o/ Kiyuirnoi) 


At the rites of 'Ofiris, Kai 

Vupaas (poeaci 

3Z Arnobius. L. s, p. 18 


4 r 


XXI 




t-e 


tA. Plutarch. Ifis et 0fir. P. 364 

edit. 1661. Ceres fella, oras ut veriit Atticas 








r 


D 






t 




■> 


'1 




Nimrod built Babylon $ which is faid to have been the work of Belus. Ba 
€uhut>!—eioiiTxt J 1 ’ v 7 ro BwAb. Etymologicum Magnum 

Arcem (Babylonis) Rex antiquiflimus condidit Belus. Amtniati. Marcellinus 


35 


I 


r 


k. ■ 




L 


n 




S 




Here was a temple, ftiled the temple of Belus 




c. 10. p* 36. p* 4b 


54 


Eufebius, Prsep. Evang. L. 1 


JLji ^ 


c, 9. p 


22 








O 




1 


C 2 


name 


p 




I 



I 



4 


J 


I 


V 


J 


P 


I 


J 


4 


i" 


i" 




r 


L 


i 


4 


h 




I* 


F- 



J 


I 


h 



4 





k 


I 






I 


RAD 


CALS 


24 ■ 

I** -j- 




r 


+ 


I7L 


k 




r - 


of which title mention is made by 


feminine of it was Ada 
Plutarch in 






I 


84. 


It was a facred 






1a 






title, and appropriated by the Babylonians 


to their chief 


.Goddefs. Among all the eaftern nations Ad was a pecu 


*5 


and if 




we 


86 


Deo, quem fummum maxi 
nomen dederunt. Ejus nomi 






L.ri 






L _ 


Hunc ergo ut potimmum 






unus 


ms 






Simulacrum A dad infigne cernitur radiis 


adorant E 
inclinatis 


I 


fufpedb, that Macrobius 




in 


1 


J 


J 




i 1 


or 


r 


1 


me 








r 






1 


and when hngle, 


it was a facred title 


it muit de 


I 


note, greater excellence: for the Amonians genera! 


- 1 


V 


thus Rab was 

It is indeed plain 




or 


e 




I 


Rabrab fignined very great 


.sreat 


' . 1 




r’l 


o 


I 


■ j 


l 


from the account, that it muff have been a 








5 


for he fays it was defigned to reprefent what was efteemed 




fummum maximumque, the molt eminent and great 

fhould therefore think, * that Adad 


I 




in its primitive fenfe 






h 


83 Zechariah 

There was a town of this -name -in Ifrael 

I 

alluded to the death tif Jofiah, who was flain at Megiddo.' 

84 Plutarch. Apothegmata. P. 180. One of the wives of Efau was of Ca 
iiiaan, and named Adah, ihe daughter of Elon the Hittite. Gen. c. 36. v. 2 

AJ\%j tjJWi)' scctt uVo RaQvhwtoiv y Up a. Hefychius 

Macrobii Saturnalia. L, 1. c. .23 


V 




2. v. 11 




c 












r 


L I 








t 


J 






/ 










. J 


1 




J 


t 


% 



n 




A L 


RAD 


28 




0 


?s related. This word is often found combined 

Aforus, and Eforus, under which titles the 


* 0 






with Or 


as in 






9 « 


F ■■ 






97 


. 1 




ria 


in 


was 




■ J 


of the lad city he was 




often compounded with El, and II; and many places 


is 


were 


fus, Elyfus, Eleufis, by apocope Las, Lafa, Lsefa, Lafaia; alfo 


Sometimes we meet with thefe terms 


Lifla, Liffus, Lima 






I ■" 


hence we have places named Azilis, Azila, Afyla,. contracted 


Zelis, Zela, Zeleia, Zelitis; alfo Sele, Sela, Sala, Salis, Silla 


n 






Silis, Soli 


es were r 


people of the Amonian worfhip : and we may always upon 


very peculiar in theii 










r 


inquiry perceive 

and fituation 




were 




near hot 


were 


c 


J * 


lakes, and pools of bi 






or 


alfo not uncommon to find near them mines 




tumen 

of fait and nitre ; and caverns 


is 


n 


fending forth peftilential 


ex 






95 Hence came a fib, a flare, of the Romans 

Jezebel, whofe father was Ethbaal, king of Sidon> and whofe daughter was 

Athaliah, feems to have been named from Aza-bdj for all the Sidonian names 

are compounds of facred terms 

96 Places, which have this term in their composition, are to be found alfo in 
Ganaan, and Africa. See Relandi Palseftina. .Vol. 2. p. .597. Jofeph. Ant. L. 8.. 
c. 2. Hazor, the chief city of Jabin, who is ftiled king of Canaan,, ftood neaar 
Lacus Samochonites. Azorus near Heraclea in Theffaly, at the bottom of : 
Mount GEta. Hazor is mentioned as-.a-kingdom,.and leemingly near Edom 
and Kedar. Jeremiah, c. 49, v. 3Q..33. 

91 Hazor fin 

and Awwfor. Azor and Azur was a common name for places, where.Puiathcia 

were con ft tufted. See. Hyde. Relig. Perf.-c, 3. p. 100. 


i 




r 1 














!>/ 

lii u 


/ 




I 



I 


I 



p 


4 



r* A T Q 

Vj xx jl* o 


R A D 




J 


r. 


. 32 ' 




4 


From hence the 

Cilicia, Selli 


Sol, the Sun 


the eaft> the fame as 
lefts of the Sun were 


10 


us in 






called Soli and Solimi in 


P 


pi 




Epirus, Salii at Rome, all oi 


As 


1 


_ J 


in 






■il 




are 






J 


l 




O 


Turn Salii ad cantus incenfa altaria circum 


In like manner the Silaceni of the Babylonians 


were woi 

of the fame Deity, and given to the rites of fire, 


. 1 


ers 


The chief city of Silacena was Sile or Sele, where were 

ace or 

the fame reverfed 


occur in the 

certain 


therefore Sal, or Sel, ot 


ever 






remarkable either for its rites or ntuation, and 


is 








above-mentioned 


II 








1 


i 




om 








the a. 


waters 




-i * 




It was an obfolete term, but to be traced in its derivatives. From Ees-El 

* j- 

from El-Ees, Elis, Elifla, Eleufis, Eleufinia Sacra 


•3* 


came AAfylum 

Elyfium, Elyfii campi in Egypt and eliewhere 

Of thofe places called Lafa many inftances might be produced. The foun¬ 
tain atGortyna in Crete was very facred, and called Lafa, and Lyfa, There was 
^ tradition, that Jupiter when a child was wafhed in its waters : it was there 

fore changed to Aouca* Paufanias fays, uSwp 4 U A'£ 0T<XT0 *' ytrattyeyou tt ot at 






f 




j. j 


i__ j 




p. 658. 

In Judea were fome medicinal waters and warm fprings of great repute, at a 

place called of old Lafa. Lafa ipfa eft, qute nunc Callirrhoe dicitur, ubi aquee 
.calldae in Mare Mortuum defluunt.' Hieron. in Ifaiam. c. 17. 19. 

jHcwLjS to/5 xctra. KaAA/ppowv uzpu.oii g;(g^o'/jro. Jofephus de B. J. I 

Alefa, virbs et fons Sjciliae, Solinus. c. 11 


L 


O 






L J 




1 


t 


*-c .-33 

The fountain was of a wonderful 


4 t 








t 


mature. 

Jl Strabo. L. 5. p. 285 


► 


P 




4 


r 


every 


b 


n 



P 1 " 1 




I 


I 



I 


* 





h. 



b 


H 


m 


I 



I 


■r 


{ 



R A 


A L S 


39 




provincias et civitati fuus Deus eft, ut $yri<e Aftarte, Ara 




ares 


us 




. j 


lus. A warn top Aiqpvctqp 


m 






L _l 


L J 


U 


tag 


\\ 


H 




J 


L J 


Arabia, denominated from this Deity 




41 


in. 


in Thrace, which had its name 41 from 

r 

e. that 


which there was 




took 


foru 


S I 

J 


s 




s 








L. M 


or 




name of Sandis, and Sandes 


alfo 


Dorfanes: he 




3 


rj 






42 


F T 


LJ 


mi oChXctiq 


mi 


0 


5 




aXXiSC SKOLAUP 


the Deity Bendis, whofe rites were fo celebrated in Phrygia 


and Thrace, was 


rj 


God 


as a 

Selene, or 


be the fame as 

was often malculine and femi 

\ 

Luna in one country, was Deus Lunus 


44 


L 


■j 


r*d 








what was 


i_ d 




nine 




in 






t, 


£&&&{>n (lege A ucrctffls) orxo7r^o$ xai xo(>v<pti A^b/as 


41 




etfiiiTfu 






xcu &cL%amvQ\$ TifAtot/jevou Ste 


£ ctiro r8 AucrcL&B* ®to$ aros 

phanus Byz 

Aa$ 5 Dous, is the fame as Deus# Aov^Apns^ Deus Sol 






Aucrwgw KahtofjLtvov ovpos* Herod. L. 5. c# 17 
Agathias 

To ovofjict tbtp ®pa%'jv ri BgvJV oVrw osoAo y& nroov 7 roAAf<u> 

ovofxuTtov xat rm etb rm vsov ctvctTrsjAr^ctvTos* 

Tlterum x&t Eu<p{Voowji, BgrcT/s re xgcLrcctct 

Ex Proclo.. See Poefis Philofophica* Edit. H- Steph, p. 91 


4* 




62 


43 








r 1 


L _ 


44 








5 f 


h 






I 


4 


I 









I 



J 


L 


► 


lLj 


vation 


I 


i" 





A 



s 


R A D I C A I 


50 


J 


l . i 


dicquc ferpentem fonat. Ita 83 Kircher. The fame alio 


occurs 


The worfhip of the ferpent 


the Coptic lexicon 


was 


m 




the Greeks: and is faid to have been 


very ancient among 


introduced by Cecrops. s+ Philochorus 


Saturno. et 




1, pn 




mam in Attica ftatuiue aram 
fonie re 


era 


prefent Opis as a diftind Deity; yet 8s others intro 


duce the term rather as a title, and refer it to more Deities 


Callimachusj who exprefles it Oupisj confers it 


than one 


r ■ 


L _ 


r 1 


$6 




O mi, «M(r<r svmi 


) 








ns 




pus, 

wife combined 


¥ 






Oropus, Orobus, Ino 


non 


on 


as 111 










neph the Grecians formed Cyniphius, which they ufed .fof 


to Ammon 


P 


r i 


an e 


L • J 


r 1 


Non hie Cyniphius canetur Ammon 


87 






arems 




95 Bochart. Hierozoicon. 1 . 1. c. 3. p. 22 

9 + Macrobius. Saturnalia. 1 . 1. c. 10. p. 162 

The father of one of the goddefles, called Diana, had the name 'of Upis 

Cicero de Natura Deorutn. 1 . 3. 23. 

It was conferred upon Diana herfelf, alfo upon Cybele, Rhea, Vefta, Terra 
Juno. Vulcan was called Opas. Cicero de Nat. Deor. 1 . 3 

Ops was efteemed the Goddels of riches: alfo the Deity of fire 

0,7 n a.ya.ccruy 7rvpcc 7rpou^os, 7 rup nrpo Tav 

Ttn 1 Aprejuiv ®g<x,x.e$ BevS'eiav,-Kprnes <Pe AiKTvyciVj Aa%e<P<x.i[j.onoi cl's Qwjriv 

jcaAatn.) Paltephatus, c 32. p, 78 

8S Callimachus. Hymn to Diana, v. 204. 

Sidonius Apollinaris. Carm. 9. v. 100 






« ! 










wow. Hefychius 






1 




/ 











r 


4 


4 






■■ 



I 


-i 


I 


H 




V 


CAL 


A D 


59 


U 




+ 








ciation, it was imnec 


mam 




They wrote to be imderltood 


tain it in their writings 


l-\ 




k. . 


hut would have defeated their own purpofe, if they had 


names, which no 










es were at- 

is termed 


variations 


tended to: what was called Shechem by Moles 






7 


or 


r ' 




APHTHA 


P T H A S 










was 






I 


thors exprelfed, Apha> Pthas, and Ptha 




is 










1 


Tap a M 6(Jupnvue» And Cicero makes him the fame 


I 


r 


6 Genefis. c. 34. v. 4. John. c. 4. v. 5. It is called^;;^ by Syncellus 

The fame term is not always uniformly expreffed even by the facred writers 

They vary at different times both in refped to names of places and of men 
What is in Numbers, c 


TOO 




r 








F 1 






13. 8. ytyin, Hofhea, is in Jofhua. c 

Jehofhua : and in the Ads, c. 7. v. 45. Jefus, hww- Balaam thefon of Beoi 
Numbers, c. 22. v. 5 

H 

Thus Quirinus or Quirinius 
rus put for Eleafar, Luke, c 

Baal-Zebub, EegA£e£yA, Matthew, c. 12. v. 24. 

Bethabara of John. c. 1. v. 28 


1. v. 1. vtyin* 






r| 


F 1 




is called the fon of Bofor, 2 Peter, c. 2. v 


15 




is lifted Cureniusi, Luke. c. 2. v. 2, and Laza- 
16. v. ao. and John. c. 11. v. 2 


■A 




I.J 


So Bethbara 


in Judges 




n 




C. 7. v. 2^. IS 

Almug, a fpecies of Cedar mentioned x Kings, c. xo. v. ix. is ftiled Algum 
in 2 Chron. c. 2. v. 8. The city Chala of Mofes, Gen. c. 10. v. 12. is Caine of 




Ifaiah. Is not Cbalno as Carchmijh f c. 10. v. 9. Jerubbaal of Judges is Jerub 

befeth, 2 Samuel c. 11. v. 21. Ram, 1 Chron. c. 2. v. 10. is Aram in Matth 
c. 1. v. 3. Ruth. c. 4. v. 19. Hefron begat Ram 

Percuflit Dominus Philiftim aGebah ad Gazar. 2 Sam. c. 5. v 

Percuflit Deus Philiftim a Gibeon adGazarah. 1 Chron. c. 14. v. 16. 

Iamblichus fays the fame: ‘EAAwpes Is ets ' B<pa.t~ov i/,STa.hap^a,vsai r ov 

Iamblichus de Myfter. Sed. 8. c. 3. p. 159 




i 


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A TL oi 


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pjhasj ut ^gyptii appellant, quern cuftodem effe iEgypti 








volunt 








the fame purpofe. 10 AtyvTfTioi os. ojiMue 


TO: 7 TVP 


to 






t < 


Huetius 


II 




\ 






r ^ 


i 












m which this name is 

nomen fuilTe fcribit 




expreffed: Vulcano Pthas, et Apthas 


Narrat Eufebius. Ptha. ^gyptiorum eundem efle 


Suidas 

ac Vulcanum Grzecormn : Patrem illi fuiffe Cnef, re 




f 




mm o 


Amon 


ll 










as much in a 


and Iamblichus acknowledges 


r 3 


er 


i 


he particularly treats of him. . But at the fame time 


tv herein 


and every place 


it related to hre 








whofe name it is found, will have a reference to that, ele 


P 1 




ment, or to its. worn 






s * Cicero deNatura Deorum. L. 3; c. 22< 

Auftor Clementinorum. Horn. 9, E. 687. Cotelerii 

Huetii Demonftratio Evan. P. 88. 

It is fometimes .compounded, and rendered Am-Apha; after the Ionic man 
ner expreffed Hjuwcfa; by Iamblichus K*t s ciAA‘>w JY tu&u tpo^ccttsi 

9 eov Se£t. 8. c. 3. p. 15 

Hemeph was properly Ham-Apha, the God of fire. 

It was alfo rendered Camephvs, Kafjjxpn and Ka/A/j^M, from Cam-Apha. Sto 
bams from Hermes 


20 


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$ 


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By Afclepiades* TLufJLVj(pts^ or K/xwp/5; Kaf/wpw tov 'nhiov ewca (pycriv ccvrov tov 

^7ra tov v&v tov voy tw* Apud Damafcium in vita Ifidori., Photius. 


13 Iamblichus. Sedh 8. c, 3, p. 159 
Hence cbrrccj inccndo: alfo Aptha, an inflammation, a fiery eruption,. . . 
A<fGcjf5. £ gj/ q-'oucen Ia jcwo-is. Hefychius 




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AfGcc; As^tcu e$;ctp§nfJLct,rm u£o$ ?cA, Etymolog. Ma 


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onfe'quence of this'- we‘had, that the 


or 43 Ma care us. In c 
in oft ancient name of many 




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cities and iflands was Macra 


r 


4 


The Grecians ftippofed the term 




Macris, and 
Macar to fign 


Macaria. 


44 




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was 










but whether this was the original purport of the 




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word, may be difficult to determine 

was a favourite term 


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Macar, as a perfon 


nominated from it 


was 




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46 iEolus. Diodorus. Siculus calls him 47 Macareus, and 




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the fon of Jupiter. This term is often. 




as 




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43 Diodorus Siculus. L. 5. p. 327,328 
We read of Macaria in the Red Sea. Piin 

f 

To Tvpxcuqv opog , xca 


I 


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1 


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6. c. 29; 

Mas taoia. Diodorus Sic, L. 3. p. 173.. 


J 


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Cyprus was called M a.xctpia., with a town of the fame name. Ptolem 


44 




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appdlata Lana, Pelafgia, Aigeira, iEthi 

31.. and Mela. L. 2. c..j 


Lefbos Macaria. Clariuima Lefbos 




I 




c 


ope, Macaria, aMacareo Jovis ftepote. Phn 


5 * c 






I 


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p. 209 






' Octctqv A'$cr£o$ ctY&) svros eeoyei 

b J 

Rhodes called Macaria. Plin.. L. 4. c. 31 

1 * x T WV U 

^ i 1 h r 

A fountain in Attica was called Macaria. Paufanias. L 


Homer. Iliad; Sl.-v. 544. 


-Hi 


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*-p. 79 


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Part of Thrace, Macaria. Apollonius Rhod 
A city in Arcadia, M axa, ptai. Steph. Byzant 
Maxag, a king of Lefbos. Clement. Cohort. Pi 27 
An ifland of Lycia, Macara. Steph; Byzant. 

The Matures, who were the reputed Ions of Dfeucalioir, after a deluge fettled’ ' 
in Chios, Rhodes, and other iflands.. Diodorus Sic 

v * w ' f 

41 Paufanias. L. 8. p. 602. He fpeaks of Macaria the daughter of Hercules 

L. 1. p. 80 

46 Paufanias 


( 


■ i. v. n 15 




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41 Diodorus 

ft* v. 544 




in Homer. Iliad 








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deno- 






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, Si 






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name 




given to Iilands, which were filled Mcutctguv vriiroi 








were to be found in the Pontus Euxinus, as well as in the 

Atlantic 

like manner 

an Amonian facred term 


The Acropolis of Thebes 


m Bceotia was in 


p 1 


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called 49 ' M cimpotW- vr\<ro; 


It was certainly 






4 


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kj 


The inland' city Oiifis flood 1 


k. 


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yptian province, which- had the 50 fame name : 






m an 

fo that the meaning mull not be fought for in Greece* This 

as a feminine,, Maoris, andb 


a 




term was fometimes ex 


as if it 


was 










\ 


an ancient word, and 


I 


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related to extent 


was cei 


lit 


c 


* * 






P," 


related to their theology: but was grown fo obfokte, that 


> think we may 

Euboea was of 






w 


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be allured that 

aid called Macr-is 


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and. may be looked upon as compara 

were likewife 




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tively long:, but Icarus,,Rhodes, and Chios, 


J 


called fo 


I 




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They were therefore not 


idands. in. their 51 neighbourhood 




« * 


1 


I- 


C\ 


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7rpoTspov eXsyov MtMp&imf. Strabo, L.- iz 

means Heliadce, the fame as Macarones. 'Max.g«res a 'hear 

Stephanus Byzant 

The fame as the Cadtneum. Maxctpav vn crcs, x xk powoXts. ruv sv 'Boicotio 1 : 

@)|&f to Ta.Xuioi' 3 as o riagjxewf'ys. Suidas 

Diodorus Siculus. L. 5. p. 347, Mxxapay vmoi near 
Scholia in Eycophron. V. 1200 

Aicf'’ a?iv M caccLoav yycroit too/ TriQ Tor ctpi^oW 1 

Z wot. ©eon' bxtriXncc, Pen tsks tojS ' 7 


4 * ‘Oi Sami 

Sanni,. Savvai 

Colchis, at i’W 'Xxvi’oi 


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Britain' and" ThuW 


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in 


©f the Theban Acropolis, Tzetzes -in Eycophron. Y. irg4* 
s ° Hferodotus. L..3. o. 1 6 

tl Macra, a river in .Italy. Plin. L, 3..C,' 5, 








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There was a cavern in the 






ure 


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if 




cw 


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proper 

(tiled Macrai. This 


r 


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and that the place itfelf was 


name 




E 


I 


1 


J 


was a 


n 


1 




A 


53 




religious reafon fo denominated 


a 


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loch, betokens a king; as does Malecha a queen 


was 

but in after 

I 

times grew obfolete, and mifunderftood : whence it was of 






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to 


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US. 


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and in another part of his work he (peaks of this 


J 


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under the fame title, in 












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i 






Euripides in lone. V. 937. 1rpoQ'GoppBt 7r£rgct$ 




Ato^s. Ibid. 


xclKucti yy$ ctvctxrzs 

Paufanias informs us that the children of Niobe were fuppofed to have been 

here {lain in this cavern. 


1 


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Euripides ibid. Alfo in another place he mentions 

Kgj££o7ros es Ayrgct) xou Mccxgtcs 7rSTg>?gg(p£f5. 

** Ato&GLVi JVirov Kytpivtrov €?iv VLuKi%ib A/os. Paufanias 

L. 1. p. 9.' 

” Paufanias.' Li. 2 


53 


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K * ■ r * 

p. 154* 




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R A 3 


CALS 


75 






Portus Ccemti 


f* 


ew near it 


i > 






rl 


a 










Both the oaks and the place were denominated from the 


Deity Sar-On, and Chan-Ait, 




r 












and KoimTis, which are titles of nearly the fame purport 




75 Lilius 


Saron was undoubtedly an ancient God in Greece 




was 


Saronia: and 


77 


Sun 






there were Saronia facra, together with a fenival at 78 Tree 


1 * 


■ ^ 


in which place Orus was fuppofed to have been born 






zen 






l-'L 


Orus was the lame as 


tfQmV SV y*l TTgWTQV 




79 


Rocks were called Saronides 


80 


Sat-On 


p 1 














es 


as 




c 


groves of oaks were, of which I took notice above 


This 




81 
















c 


K 




H 7 roXXa? V 7 TSVS 


82 


n 


m 






L.. 






h. 


As oaks were ftiled Saronides, fo likewife were the antient 




Plin. L. 4. c. 8 


15 


\ 




p. 170. from Paufanias, and Anilides in The-’ 


76 






A, 










miftoclem; 

77 XcLpwvia, A press' A%caoi. Hefych. She was by the Perfians named Sar 

ibide m 




■ -*■ • 








f 


Paufanias* Xj* 2* p* i8q 


■78 






79 Paufanias. L. 2. p. 181 

Callimachus calls the illand Afterie uxtcov craw. a, tovtoio x-axov 

. This by the Scholiaft is interpreted xxAvvt gov' but it certainly means 

Hymn, in Delon. v. 225 

J'ta TraAcuoTYiTOL vviai S'PUti, Hefych 


P H 


Q 


ZtO 


a 


crctoov 

Rock 

81 XapcoviJ'es orirpai, •») at 

Callimachus. Hymn to Zeus. v. 22; 










4Ki 


8 a 






Druids 


1 






I 


1 



i 




X 



"I 


p 




j 











& 


tv 




i 






It wa s the 

and according to Strabo it is Ibmetimes io 
expreffed; as we may infer from a river of this name, of 

9 9 _ We find it 

but fiill with a reference 

s explains 

Currha, where A 

were more corrv 




fame as 




EjidASiTQ 




I 




l-L 


to the Sun, the Adonis of the eaft 




h 




► 


Aowwc. In Phocis was 


5 C 




7 K 




> c 


* < 


s e 


i 


n 




ex 


mon 


j 




j 


4 








iatus to 


lans or 


r 


are 






From the God Achur we 


him the 




c 




that 




Strabo, fpeaking of the river Cur, or Cyrus 

Quid tibi cum Cyrrha ? quid cum Pertneffidos unda. ? 

Martial, L. i. Epigram. 77. v* 11 


1. p. 764 




ii 




r 1 




1 


f 




1 


Q - 


>1 


Phocaicas Amphifla mantis, fcopulofaque Cyrrha 




Lucan. L. 3. v; 172 




r i 


r 


■ j 


Paufan. L. lo.p. 817 

1 

CyrenHici Achorem Deum (invocant) mufcarum multitudine pefbilentiam 

qua; protinus intereunt, poftquam litatum eft illi Deo.-Plin. L,. to 
8, See alfo Clement. Alexand. Cohort. P. 33 
Some late editors, and particularly Harduin, not knowing that Achor was - 
worfhiped at Cyrene, as the (isos ayro^-vto^ have omitted his name, and tranf 

ferred the hiftory to Elis. But all the ancient editions-mention Achor of Cy 

rene ; Cyremid Achorem Deum, &c. I have examined thofe printed at Rome 

1470, 1473., thofe of Venice, 147 

1476, 1479, I 4^ 1 

$532. the Baftledition by Eroben,. 1523.'. and they all have this readin 
edition alfo by Johannes Spjra, 1469,.-has Acorem, but' with fome 

The fpurious reading, Elei myagrum Deum, 

the text by Sigifmund Gelenius* who 


eirweiov AeAfflair 


Kw 


CCVj 


I 1 


l 


8 


uJfe rente 














O 


C 








P 


1476, 1487, 1507, 1510. thofe of Parma 
one at Brefcia, 1496. the editions at Paris, 










1510,1524,.- 

The • 


r 


o* 




a 




variation 

was,, I .imagine^ firft admitted into 

was miQed by .the fimilaricv of the 


1 


two- 

hiftories 


T| 


i 


M' 


VoL. I 








J 




rf 


i ■ 


S 


A 


L 


R A 




i 


h 


* 


r * 


h 


L 


,9 


is a 


com 


abbreviated to Curane and Curene 

to relate to the Sun. and Heaven 


of light. Acurana was 






but was a 


F. 1 


L 




to At g 






r 


y 


r “ 










rom 




IT* 


I 


was 


Tene tn 




» 




in like manner deno 


minated from the Sun. It was called 10 %-VM which 


equivalent to Kur-Ain, and Achur-ain of the A 


terms are 


I 




iem 


monians 


l 


7 




3 


i 




that this was the purport of the terms, when he de 
fcribes this part of . the world 

regio, illuftratur Hammonis oraculo 

The like account is 




eadem Tri 

I 


ii 


renaica 


3 




et Fonts 




r 


to be found in Pomponius 


Solis 


Ammonis oraculum, lidei inclytze 


et fons, quem 

was a term, which related 


Mela 


13 


r 


L M 




hiftories. Harduin has followed him blindly, without taking any notice of the 
more ancient and true readins 

i 

Stephanus Byzantinus. See alfo Scholia on Callimachus. Hymn, in Apoll 


fc> 


L. I 






\ 


Vi gr 




Qt<P &7rco Kvpw e&vvccvro TsXctcr erect 

Aojpiegfj TuxivDv Se vccttcus A^etXiv evatop 


10 


. _l 


Callimachus. Hymn, in Apoll. V. 88 


i 




Plm. N. H. L. 5. p. 249 

c. 8. p. 4 3 

Juftin, fpeaking of the firft fettlement made at Cyrene, 
tain Cura, which was then occupied. Montem Cyram 

tatem loci, et propter fontiurn ubertatem occupavere. L. 12 




M 


I 


Lj 


1 


i a 


L 


n 






L I 


13 


mentions a moun 
et propter amoeni 


I. 




I 


c. 7 






r 1 


f 


to 


*1 


I 


I 


r 



. s.. 


R A D I C A 


cities and countries were lienee 16 denominated. Aeon- 
Paleftine is faid to have been fo named in honour of Her 


many 


m 




have mentioned, that Flam, ftiled alfo Cham 

looked up to as 

Hence both his images and priefts were ftiled Chamin 


■ was. 




1 


T 


r- 


p r 




T 




i as 


5 


c 




Orus, and Arez. His pofaity efteemed themfelves of the 




Solar race 


eminence 

was ffcilcd Achamin, rendered by the 




T 




T 


from 


J 




umv 




c 




r 




i 


themfelves the children of the Sun 

wife fo called from their woi 

h 


> 


Hence Lutatius Placidus 








in 


This may ferve to authenticate my 

is derived from Cham 


by 18 Solis Cultore 


s.. 


etymology, and mew, that the term 






He quotes another, where, the fate of Ephefus is foretold 

Tttw ^ oijmco^eis hath'act 

K at Nwcr top ovxen rcaerctcvrcc • 

There is-a-third upon Serapis and his temple in Egypt 








7 TCC 0 


r 






Kcu av 'Xetxiri Aioous apyovs Zir ixz t jj.tvz ir o A A hs 






Kg(CT)1 7TT0)fJ.a p&JKfOV SV AiyUTTTb) TOlTO-XcLl 1 

The temple of Serapis was not ruined till the reign of. Theodofius. Thefc 
three famplcs of Sibylline, poetry are to be found in Clemens above 

Achad was one of the firft cities in the world. Genefis 




i t 




1 ■■ 


M 




C. 10. V. 10 

Nifibis city was named both Achad and Achar, ’ See Geographia Hebrsea 
Extera of the learned Michaelis. p. 227 

Stephanus Byzant.' 

'■* Lutatius. Placidus upon Statius. Theb. 1 


L J 






I 


r n 




1 


n 






i.. v. 71.8 








the 




i. 



s 


R A D I C A I 


CO 


j 




ledged to be the name of the Sun: of El-Uc-Aon, Lycaon 
of EhUc-Or, L 

H yjOapw, 

* 






coreus 


L J 


r 






« rota Avmpsog svrea 

* * 5 


21 


€ 








from Uc-Ait, another title of the God, they formed He 


So 




and a feminine, Hecate 




catus 


t 












Ejt&TOlO 




5 


I H 


011 ms r 

And Hero 


/ 






r 1 




nT 


% 










c 


HO 


5 C 




TOT' 








< 4 










if 






to have retained 




Th 


31 








o 


this word, and to have ufed it out of compohtion 


Ho 




%7 


IS 




.j 


was an admirer of the 
nation. He adhered to ancient * 8 terms with 

"l 

degree of enthuiiafm ; and introduced them at all hazards 

I 

times did not know their meaning?. This 


He had been in Egypt; and 


mer 




a 


V 


’J 


o 


word among others he has. preferred j and he makes life or 


Jr 


Cham being pronounced Sham,, and Shem, has caufed fome of his' pofterity 

to be referred to a wrong line. 

Callimachus. Hymn to Apollo, v. 19 
Nicander Alexipharmica. v. 11 
Paufanias. 1 . 10. p. 827 

It is however to be found in Euripides* under’ the term 
to Adraftus 

li'f. TU S gA UUVSic £7TTCL 




1 




4 




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1 


Thcfeus lavs 


ft 7 




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0 ^a?i Supplices. v; 131-. 

From Uc and Uch came the word euge : alfo wyn, euwucit, suxpehv, of the 
Greeks. Callimachus abounds with ancient Amonian terras. He bids the young 




n 




t 


aft 


women of Argos to receive the Goddefs Minerva* 

Xvr t.£V ccyooja> 




tvyy.aot 0 ovr r cO\tt.Xvyat$\ 


GW T 




Lavaci\ pall ad is 

1 

FromUc-El came Euclea Sacra, and-EuxAcs-Za*. HuxAfia 


v.139. 

A j-Tty-i f 

Eu/.Ac?, isjeus, ev b A (yaco,i,%cu tvKogir 0 ^.. Hefychius, fo amended by Al 

bertus and.Hemfterhufms 
















I 




it 








A 


4- 


' | 


its proper fenfe, when he defcribes an y 




it 


in 




Calchas as far fuperior to every body elfe 


in 




1 


4. 






£ 






*9 














$<r(rou,ev & 3 irgo r go vrct 


ret r some, ret 


rn 






i- 




So on the Trojan fide Helenus is fpoken of 


m 


p ■■ 


L.-J 


r 1 


£ 


L_j 






so 






n 


r i 


L J 


i 




3 * 


■■■ i 






1 ■ 1 


1 'j 


H 


in Homer, it is obfervable, that it is always in the fame ac 


I- 


1 


. 1 


l A 




^lA 




h 1 


H| 


but as thofe verfes are manifestly imitations of 


we 


y 


mu ft not look upon it as a current term of the times, when 


i 


« Iliad. A. V. 69 

Iliad. 2 . V. 76 

Iliad. P. V. 307 
31 Iliad. O. V. 2 8 2 

35 Iliad. H. Y. 221 


\ 


an 


t 




H 1 








It occurs in other places 

Aewwgi, oV *)5 0% apiece just ufJupoTSpourt yenirctu Iliad. F. Y. 1 10; 

T 1; t cco rcou 0% ctoicros g;?!', av /jlol evvei rs, Ms crcc■ Iliad. B. V. 761 

Alio Odyff. ©. V. 123. and n. V. 428 

In the Hymn to Silenus that God is called ’Xihwoov o% 
poem de Lapidibus, the Poet fpeaking of heroic ’perfons mentions their reception 

in heaven 










F I 


h. J 


j 




And in the 


34 




t J 


A fJLCt)fJJ)T01 ZilOS OtXOl 

I 

"XciiPcPTcii J'zi'cii’To Sgjj yeveav ox ctov^a 

Hymn 35. v. 2. and ttsoi AsGwv. Proem, v. 14 


7 * 


1 




H 


*3 


that 






I 







a 


a 



h 


"i 



n 


1 




w 



I 


A L 3 


A 


* 


■L 




S 


> 








1 


w 






* 


1 


O 




i 


writer, that it was de~ 


Arbela. But we are allured by this 


64- 




houfe: and that the purport of 


v ; a 


J 


i 


J 


the word Gaugamela* was the houfe of a camelv This 


name 




u 


it feemSj Was given'to the town 


ex 


on 






H 




f 


P 


f 


Ip 








d 


1 








4 


to 




I 


was 


me 


f 


I 


I 




e 


its 


more 


4 


c 


I 


h 


* < 


j 


■l 




was not of fufficient repute : therefore the honour of this 


X 


"l 


given to Arbela, though 




► 


to 


was 


fome five hundred,, .accoi 




*S 




1 P 


* 


P 


I 


M 


h 


"i 


I have not now time, nor is it to 




I 


h 








to enter into a 

I will only mention it as. my opinion 

lace 






"l 


I 




J 


i" 


L J _i 


Y 


I 








> 






to is 


a were tr 




J 


I 




I 


K i 


I 


J- 


r 


06 


But is 




I 


h 


a o 


I 






l" 


h 


I 


I 


I 


tf4 Taurot our E 




J 


i‘T , opww rm 6 e. 




F 


aWia 6i> TauT/ajM.})Ao/s yevsonett. avvimaw' <rtip.a.tvsiv S e ffia<rw f 


4 


oixloj/ Ka/tflAs rw St<xXe%rov* Plutarch." vita Alexand. Yol 

Strabo fays the fame. E^j jw.gr ow t ottos STKnjfJios eros, x.cu 'rWojwct* jwt 0 gg 

L. r6. p; 1072 


4 


4 


p. 6 8 3 








4 


i" 


rn 


h 




F*- 






I 




6 # 






0/ u£v rot 


tv* art $ 


J 


l 


I 




0^6 Tot gAcw^otj <m TrerTctuotnys 


AAA<x £r ^gygow* TWr T^ irorctp.^ BA£ 


i 


Ag^oSaAos* ttoAis cPg rot rau7/ct/>ojAot 3 ctMot xvpM 


yet UToheucuot xatt 


4 


t 


l 


fteyctA)>, vSe ovoy.a<?os 0 %<»po6 } aSe m colow iiSu to ovo/jlcl 

Arrian. Expedit. Ale? 


6 , p. 247* 






I 




* 6 Strabo. 


16. p. 107 






r ■ 


j. 


I 


" 1 


u 




J 


r 


mou 


1 


. •/ 


i 


i 


1 


A 


I 


A L S 


99 


r. 






well as thofe of Perils and Arabia 


mous 


as 




4 




5 


the raoft fleet of their kind, Ihould be fo circutnftanced 




in 


battle, as to be forced to mount a camel, that could fcarce 
move fix miles in an hour: and this at a time when the 






was n 


ci t 


* 


ii 


it was'allotted for the maintenance of a camel, which ufied 

t was tired 
know not which of the two 






to bring the king’s provifions from Scythia, bu 


and failed 




1 


c 


J 


circOfriftances in 


a 


r i 




1 






t 


I 


i 


S * 




ft 


3 


* 


4 




a 


or a 


na 


* 1 






A 


the Grecians mifinterpreted the name 1 


The truth is this 






and then forged thefe legendary Itories to fupport their 


their hiftory. Gau, and, as it was at times 


been confident in 


e.: alfo a 


or 


cave, or hollow 

founded 

edifices near caverns 

was not 


was- 

For the Amonians ere&ed mod of their facred 


near 




■i 




Plutarch and Strabo 

I 


as 






notwithftanding the ftories alledged 




’would 


I 


in 




us 


’l 


A 










c 




ort of the notion: but it was the 


e or 


•i 


N 


c 


J 




was a 


It was 






/ 


fil Strabo acknowledges the failure of his countrymen in this refpeft 

Ao%xtot 1,<i r yypx£ 


TloXXcc. 

Si<& 


(XUVrSpCt[A01 TkJ 


l 






fj^v ovv xcci jjw ovrct Asyntriv oi 

t*# wAoKo 








k 




xH 


1. 8. p. 524 


ia c 






t 


the 


i 


2 


1 


t 






n 


i 



I 



+ 


T O A L S 


R A : 


S 


I 1 


h 


IO4 


I 




I 


and Conan. Her 


or ruler: for fuch is 

cules. the 


I 


I 


I 


4 






j 




was 


re 


d 






1 


was Ailed Con 


80 


verenced in Egypt 


m 


"I 








J 


TO, TtjV 

find, that it was a 


> 


4 


I 


J 


F 1 


S. 


L. j 


+ 


l 






l 


c 




r 


s 


1 




Co-Chome, the fame as Cau-Come 






"1 


n 


I 


J 


h 


J 


F 


was ereded : for it was 


t 


> 


V 


»F 


I 


V 


monument to the Deity, 


elfe but a 


i_ J 




I 


i" 


* 


"1 


p 


r 




1 


I 


J 


F 


4 


Herodotus the-great 


whofe name it bore. According to 

O 


8-1 




L 


-h 


i" 


I- 1 


r 


1 


H 


P 


f 


was 
















i 


s is a fimilar com 




* 1 


J 




* 1 


J * 


I 


H 


* 


1 


"1 


* 


1 


b- 








q 


1 


► 


K 


l 




s 




1 


1 >. 


terms 


I 


"l 


/DS* Z 










I- 




4 


I 


P 


was ereded 

under 


pentis. It was the name 
. to the Sun 






1 








I 


1 


1 


k 


h 


1 




w 






X 




*5 


H 


J 


I 


4 


a 


L 




to Cau-Come 111 Egypt 


4 


■ 4 


l 


f 


t 






ous 




K 


■¥ 


1 


I 


J 


I 


called 


: doubtlels fo 


8 a 


P 


I 


i_ d 


I 




I 


"I 


I 




If 


* 


I 


Was a 


ace in 


1a 




I 


from whom the 


named from Chus, the 






b 




i 


I 


T 


ik 




X 


¥ 


■- 


were defcended 


F 


r 


"1 


I 


I 




r 


1 


1 


j 


t 


f 


1 


x 


.i 




1 






\ 


The Sun was 


* 


♦. , 






> ' 


K 




r 


J 




1 


H 


1 






L 


r- 


1 


r 


j 


1 


p 


■i 


and he was w 


t 




h 


I 


I 


4 


h 


4 


h 


I r 


J.- 


I 


i .. 


as 1 

1 


k 


1 


h 


■i 


* 


i 


( 






l 


h 


>- 


1 




I 


l- 


J 




P 






* 






4 


r 










L 




I 


L I 




J 


I 


I 


"> V- * 




4 


t 


p 


J 


v a 


1 




1 


1 


on 




eci 


e 


ria. 


I 


P 


I 


I 


I 


I 




I 


I 


I 


I 


J 


I 


1 


I 


f 




► 


V* ■* 

at t 


h 


■* 


I 


n was named 




■ ■ _ ■_ 


T 


1 


I 


I 


l ■■ 


■t 


4 


p 


^ p- I 




1 j 


I 


P 


1 


r 




> 


"a 1 


4 








1 


L d 


F 




I 


H 1 




4 «' 


t " 


H 


' 1 


4 


J 


4 


P 


i 


Mi 




I 


*1 


I 


i 


* - 0 


k 


r 


\ 


■1 




1 


1 




h 


ft - _£i 


>1 J? 


1 


r 


"1 






+ V T i 


TV V 


r id 


* 


Js |l 






H 


■‘r-’ 


a 


J 




r 


I 


I 


4 


80 


Etymologicum magnum. 'H/jax,Aw 
Herodotus. L 




1 ", 


I 


2 • C * 124<i 












2 a 




d" 


I 


I 


Geog. NubienTis. P 

Michaelis Geo 


i f 


I 


T 


I 


17 


* 


4 






ri 


Hebrasorn m Extera. P. 154 

17. v. 6, and c. 18. v, u. alfo 1 ChrbD. c. 5. v. 26, 


D* 


4 




to 


I 


r ~ 


1 _ 


4 


*3 2 Kings, c 




4 


l" 


J 


I 


J 


I 


tures 


4 






h 


r 




4 


L 




I 


"l 






s 


A 


0 


lake Acheruha: for a colony from 


■ 1 


t j 


■SI 


river 






rj 


and the ftream was 


nature 


as 




os mt K QKVTog 






as that near 

sr ecourov 


99 


B 


arse 


I & 


* 


i 


r i 










soo 


£ 


I 






0 


em te kalo 


as 








1 ■ 1 


. I 






in 


fon, to whom the wormip is directed. Govella is only 

riation for Cou-El 


va 


*1 


I 


the houfe or region of the 


or 




C 


IS 


■ 1 


u J 


uno Covella mull be • 






From the fubilantive 






1 






Ej 




P 1 


L * 




mans formed Co el, heaven 




m 


3 


r i 


^ j 


and Co-ih and then con traded it to Ccel 


it 


r n 




L J 








Unde Rudinus ait Divom domus altifonum Ccel 


r 








,!l Paufanias. L. i. p. 40 

There was a river Acheron in Elis. Strabo. L. 8. p. 530. And the fame 
rites were obferved in honour of the 8e&s f^mctyoa^ that were praftifed in 
Cyrene. Clement. Cohort 

In Pontus was a river Acheron. E vBa. S$ km irocypca tt 0 t a, ha Ap^porros eamv 
Apollon. Argonaut. L. 2. v. 745. alfo axoa, A%eoecria,. The like to be found 

near Cuma in Campania : and a ftory of Hercules driving away flies there alfo 

dementis Cohort, ibid 






33 






H 


rcoyM tot JV a'rofxvi'jj 

Varro de Ling* Lat. Lib. 5. p. 49. altered to Novella by fbme, contrary 
to the authority of the be ft MSS. See Scaliger’s notes, P. 81. Edit, anno 










200 


619. Dordrecht! 

See Selden de Diis Syris. Syntag. a. c. 2. p. 174. In vetuftioribus excuflsde 
Re Ruftica non Novella, fed Covella legitur. Covella autem Coeleftis, five Ura 


II 








r 


ma interpreratui 


-1 


E nmus 


Vol. I 




L 


R A D I C ‘A L Si 


ii a 


1 


Ennius 

the pr 

tk 

the Latine termination 


3 


fent MSS, altifonum *' Coil; 






r n 






J 




oins 




I 






L 




j 


i 


r . 






1 


*■ 


V 


-p 


► 


p 


■>1 


h 


L i 


I 






a* 


-L 


O 


J 


I 


t 


I 




a 


L_ J 


t 










b 


us lignum. 


I 


ii 


1 11 J - * 


\ 


4 


b 






I 


r 




* 


Coirik Coili 


quern tu tollas in 


unus erit 


4 




:3 


I 


h 




b 






"i 


", 


I 


f i j 


A 


w 


T 


i 


Deity : hence there 


Ccelus in aftertimes was made a 

ions dedicated 2 Ccelo iEterno 


are 1 


The ancient 






IE 


f 


I 








I 


r 




i 






was the fame as the .above,. 

held facred 




I 




L 




4 


I 


4 


I 




4 


I 


P 


4 




-i 


* 






"4 


t 


I 




•i 




I 


I 


the Greeks rendered ftoihcc 


the Amonians, were 

we read of 


cava;: 




I 


r 


i 


Oipj KoiAq HA ig., and the 


t 


1 


I 


I 




i 


i 


i" 


t 


but the- 
or facred. It was fo 


4 . 






true name was Coeia, the 

denominated from the Cuthites*. who fettled there 

count of the religion eftabliftied 
Shem, and Shama ; which are 


L 


on ac- 

4 

Hence it was alfo named 




r_j 


f 






I 




1 


I 


t 




4 


* 




i 








a 


i 


i 


EriniiAnnal. L, i 


i i 


i 


ta- 


H 


The Perfians worfbiped Ccelus j which is alluded to-by Herodotus, when 

Top xvxAop 7ra.no. th Ovpava 




if 


be fays, that they facrificed upon eminences 

JtaAeovres. L. i. c. 131 








i 


b 










1 




3 


b . 


t 


Qp&$ rou top ctTretpov 


. 






Top yvv gp ayxv Act/5 




Turov vo\xiCi xZiiva 

Clement. Alexand. Strom. L 




top J* nQ/cy 

5. p. 717. Plutarch. P. 369. p. 424 

quem invocant omnes Jovem. Cicero . deNa 


7 


I 


4 




* * 


J 


Afpice hoc fublime candens 

turn Deor. L. x 




1 


► 


■ 


L 


P 


X 


.AAA 3 Aojijctiof ugj> KiAgo; 




Msq CtWfCtV I^PVPTCU © 


Atlienag. Lcgat 


t 


xcu 


m 


5 






1 


L. i 


I 


P. 2Q0, 


"j 




111 


"I 


1 



J 




4 





I C A L S 


i 


115 

<p&<riv 

m Homer. The 

and other 

heroes of the Mythic age, mentions their encountering with 




16 


i 


■J 


l 




I 


Hence he very truly explains 


3 . 


«: 


as 


nemus 








E 


r . ^ 




. ri 


*7 


* 


fceivoi S7TI 


onm 


Wy 


mi 


3- 


fi 


r • 


1 


perfon, who lived in a mountain habi 




a 


d 


r : 


tation : whofe retreat was a houfe in a mountain 
Coa, was 

alluded to by Homer, when he ftiles Lacedaemon 

KYfr 03 svcav 

on account 0 

conclude, that KtfT ® e<r<r cc was a mi ft alee, or at leaft a variation. 

for 19 KOUST&s<rG'a,> from Cai-Atis; and that Co, 40 Coa, Caia 


and 






-, v 




18 


A owe 


is 




L 




From hence we may fairly 


caverns 


0 




1 






we re 


ely to a cavern 


But this term does not relate mer 


but to 

maces: oftentimes the cave itfelf 


4 


1 


J 


h 




near 


T 




Caieta in Italy near Cuma, called by 


4 


e 


was a 

dorus Kafirni. was fo denominated oa this account 






11 was 


r J 


Strabo. 1 . 8. p. 564 

Iliad. 1 .1. v. 266 

v. 581 


US 




17 




18 Iliad. € 






©;^’ i^oj'KOIAHN AikmJWm* K HTf) ESS AN 


Odyu. J'. v. 1 

Strabo fays as much, 'Old's, <m di airo r rav crsioy-cav cwv,uoi KaiSToi Xeyo vrui 


+ c 


I 


r 


L.J 




19 




1. 8. p. 564. 

Hence the words cove, alcove, and perhaps to cover, and to cope 


1 . 




cave 


A 


•* 


•l 


H 



A L S. 


A 






117 


was 


called An-choa 








1 






rj 


5 e 


Greeks expreffed it Anchoe * 4 




0 . T 07 T 0 C' 


P 






sa 


is 


IT 




1 


£ 


J 


A 


>1 


r 


k 


derived the word 

ex, yn\g 

Oiog 0 Xoi 


From Gho, and Choa, was 




Xo'tiog y ufed by the apoftle 


a S 


ca 


I 1 




L J 








Xoim' 0 


0 - 


a 










I 


+ 




* * 


mi TQiavTo.1 01 


KOC 


) 


7 




From hence we may perceive s . that by 

in the earth 


jojam'oj, yr\ivog 


houle or tempi 




Cho was 


meant 


9 


It was. as 


1 




Some nations ufed it in a ftill 

a town 


made to figni 




1 




M 




or vi 




e 


more 






V* 




>4 


J 


+■> 


v l t 




I. 


as we learn from 


ancient Geltae, and Germans 

bs Germanos eie 




1 _ r 






46 


Glu verms. : 


pai pagorum ver 

et variantibus diale&is, gaw 


1 


1 * 




k 


u 






i 


i 


7 




r 


Erifgawj. Wormelgawj Zurichg 


gew, gow, gow, hinc 

aw. 


\ 




ow. 




RhingaWj H'ennegow, 


Weft 


ow 




I- 




The ancient term Fl vgyog, Purgos 


ergow, Ooftergow 


vv a s ■ 






r i 


u- 


J 


p 


K.afTuoc cTe yewr/ve 


h 


t 


3 C 


S'€£cC 70 TQV TVOTCiMV 


s 4“ 


eircc m rm eTri'pcc 

KccASfTai*cT' > 0 T07T3S AyKGtf 


V 


j 


■ .. J 






Act.OVfJ.VOiV T>IS A OXPIVQS TAV CLVU 


A 




rztctv xara 


4 






■i 


Strabo. L. 9. p. 623 

It is called Anchia by Pliny.-N. H. L. 4. c. ji As both the opening,.and the' 
ftream, which formed the "lake, was called An-choe j it fignified either fons 




{ 




fpelunca fontis, according as it was adapted 

15. v. 47 , 48 


fpeiuncte, or 

1 Corinthians, c 

16 Cluverii Germanic Antiq.. L. 






as 








c. 13. p. 91 










VOL 




*r 




P 


4 1 




L 






s 




■l 








1 




"l 


"l 


I 



A V 

/jL JL/ 


A 


127 




rim 


of the Deity. Praenefle 


to 


ence 


T 


feems to be a compound of Puren Efta, the lots of Efta, the 






Thefe are terms, which feem continually to occur in the 


ancient Amonian hiftory : out of thefe molt names are com 


are 


fome few more, which might perhaps be very properly 


are 


introduced : but 


am 


daily as they may be eafily taken notice of in the courfe of 


I could wifh that my learned readers would 


this work 


l 


and frefh evidence be accumulated in the courfe of 


crue 




in 


our 




which thefe terms are contained, will be given ; alfo of the 


times, when they were introduced; and of the people, by 


ions* which 






whom they 


were 






are 


k 


1 


come to the clofe 


we 


k J 


In refpedt to the 


e 


and confidered, I have all along annexed the hiftories 

in order to afcertain 




What in the book of Hefter is ftiled Purim, the feventy render, c. 9. v. 29 

£ punca. The days of Purim were ftiled Qguga. 1 

fo. in c. 10. The additamenta Grasca mention —tw 7r£>oxnfj.svw S7n~o 

from P’Ur and Ph’Ur, ignis 




Tjj S'lCtASWTto GL*J r TCtiV XaAtiVTcct 










Ahp-twj' 






my 


hP 


l" 


V 


I 




I 


■% 


l" 


■■ 




J 


J 


1 


I 






f 


\ 


G Y 


M O 


E T 


p 


* 3 ° 


L'j 


‘f 


{ 








om 






/ 


erioi 






a notion of their 




The Grecians were 


e 


"i 




an 


1 


3 


* 


ov/n excellence an 
cient tradition to 
their m* 


c 




have proceeded from themfelves. Hence 


as all 




r 1 


* 


IS 


o 


I 


foreign term, is 


extraneous hiftory, and every 


t 




O 


Many of their 






them to have been oi Grecian oi 

had been abroad: and knew how idle the 


r 








learned writers 


en were 

He confefles it more than 

was more 


r 




{aw the fallacy of their claim 


i 




yet in this article nobody 


Hs 


1 


once 


t 






u.s is made up of a mo ft abfurd 




A 


m 


m 


1 


l. 


l 


Herodotus exprefly fays, that the Gods of Greece 




57 


came in 


great meafure from Egypt 


Yet Socrates is 








) 


mtevritas: Po 

CD 

A fetters to the feet: Heftia from ovPiety 


l 




F > 




t 




I 


4 


feidonfrom ti'opi 

H 

fubftance and eflence : Demetei 




1 


ft# 


dif 










as a mother : Pallas from KclKKbiv to'vibrate 

mafculum, et virile : and the. 

from. 




i 


or 






L 1 


W 


I 


y c 


I 


dance: Ares, Mars 
word Theos, God 

!S/K, to run 


L 










■J. 




h(T 




i 




s° 


1 1 


are to 










i 


,4»y c 


* 


1 




L 




f 


n Herodotus. 1 . 2, C; 4. andl 2, c< 52 

Xjccfy EIoAAh tTigA'GopTcs zirtSovTo (oi ( £AA 

cuiri&Qf.<&vcu ret Bvcuarrct' tcov ©£wp 






TVS AiyVTT'd. 




SJC 


j; 


. d 


50 


So pGUfJLw frofri J'owfA.Gov 
£i£m'U(ros from Si£ot and 

"1 


I 


Air oh Am from 




5i ofxou iroAmi? A lowered quafi 

J£i 0QP3 XQ0Q$ 






\ 


Oi vo$* and oivos from.oietruM. Kpovos^ quafi 

^ with many more^ Plato in Cratylo. 

I 

S irufd to cayccs Tr/wsovEuftath 


1 




( 


f 


1 




h 


in Odyll'. 1, 4. p. 1499. 


V. 




f** 




he 


1 






I- 


T 


O G Y 


M C 




■k.i 


O 


: J 


be found in Ariftotle, Plato, 59 Heraclides Ponticus, and 
other Greek writers. There is a maxim laid down by the 

ins: which I fhall have occasion often 

sip 'E KhpiKw 








60 


XV , 

XL l 


to mention 


OP 70 OPOUCl) OV 






7T1 




. j 


pofterior in time to the writers above, which however com 

moil 

r 

lowed: but it was not in their nature 


The perfon who 




gave the advice was a Greek, and could not for his life abide 

It is true, that Socrates is made to fay fomethin 


or 




o 








61 Evvou yap, on to A A a oi EAAi yeg 


r * 


l. . 


eihw* Tifiphone, Tst cop (poor Athene quafi aflawnroff 

Saturnus, quafi facer, ra?* See Heraclides Ponti 


59 Pofeidon, itoibvtcz 

Hecate from htarov centum 






cus, and Fulgentii Mythologia. 

See the Etymologies alfo of Macrobius. Saturnalia. 1 . i. c 

Plutarch dc Fraterno Amore 


. iy, p. 189 

V. 2. D. 48 O 


f n 




Mecca' quafi o//,u Ha a. 1 

KOCl d’iAetdVA^.'KI' 

4 

Heart Ice *'5 Xtatn 


A 


Li 






GUi QlCtV 




Plutarch. Agis and Cleotnene 


cicrt Ooitvziv 


to. 




TCI UCtV 




0 












v. 2. p. 799 

Euftathius on Dionyfius 




60 


b 4 

Ut Jofephus reel;e obfervat, Gnecis fcriptoribus id in more ell, lit peregrins 
et barbara nomir.a, quantum licet, ad Grascam formarn emolliant: lie illis At 


..J 


[■ 


J 




Aftarte, A 


Akis, An 


Botfra, Euc? 

s 

tccv Kl<t<jgcv\ torrens ICedron 


Moabitarum eft Af 
torrens Kifbn 
et talia coret 

We arc 

great knowledge 

He mentions Noah as 


,0 * > 

w k J I- 




rt 




* 




* 


L 








” C 




J. 


r 






\ 


a gi (j,a: f :$ toov x 


r. 


| F 




sr 








V-i 


i 




Bochart. Geog. Sacra. 1 . 2. c. 15. p. m. 

much indebted to the learned father Theophilus of Antioch : he had 

yet could not help giving way to this epidemical weakneis. 

the fame as Deucalion, which name was given him from 




y, eft uti y_ci?cci ifj.ai 0 Oc 

Ad Antol. 1 . 3 




to rifilueoufnefs : he uled to 




calling people 

from hence, it feems, he w2s called Deucalion 


a 


a n u 


r- 












lato inCratylo. p. 409 


61 T> 






S 2 


ov ow a 7 a 






Y 




E T. Y M O L 


133 








I 


oucsnes, Trap a rw 


QV 0 UMt CL, OLATS KCLl 01 V7t0 T OIS 






roi roLvrot kcctcl tw 


J 




j 




\ 






TO 


(pMW, oos sqmotms ksitou 






on awopoi ccv 




* 


the. Grecians in general , and efpecially thofe who are fub 


'l 














A 


r 


4 


s 




A 




J C O l- 










een Tor 


or 


terms 


r on o 




t 


i 










m 


meaning in 


<s 


Who 










would think 


41 




A 








c 


c 




£> 5 


t 




when this plain truth was acknow 


Or that other 61 writers 






ter times be told, that Tarfus, the ancient city in Cilicia 

1 

was denominated from tclpcog, a foot: that the river Nile 

m * 


y 








hgnified vtf iKusi and that Gadei 










CL 


in oDam was 


I 


h.J 




p 


all their 


The ancients m 








r 






omes were 


J 




1 




r l 


ear 




h 


Inquire of Heinhus, whence Thebes, that 






* > 


was- named ; and he will tell 




TV' 






you-from j«n, Teba$ 63 ftetit 


-t 




1 Gum-- 


OF 


J 




k. . d 


*1 




I 


Schindler, that it; was a. 

But is.it credible 


r 




nn tu. a 


4 


l 


\ 




3 










indeed pofllble, for 




h 1 


on 


* 


or 


i 


J 


f 


* 1 


a. 










thefe cities to 


have, been named, from.terms fo -vague, cafual 


*■ 




62. 


Saidas, ,Sfephaniiis,,EtymQlag, Euftatliius, &'c«; 

So Coptus in Egypt, from 

See Callimachus, vol 
6 ^ Cumberland’s Origines 
from. a.flipwer of rain 


b I 




i 


% 97 TTtLV 

2. Spanheim’s not.,, in Hymn 

p. 165. fo he derives Goflien 


I— 


k. 1 


} 


iii Del. v., 87. p. 438 

in the land of Egypt■; 

and 


4 1 




r 






Se.e. Sanehon.. p 


• 3.94>, • 






4 


1 




L 



I"- 






L 


L 


4 



I 


* 


l 



M 


14-1 


and more efpecially from the 


of the Greeks, and Romans 








ions 


s rendered ten times more bale by coming 


unwarrantable 


r sro 


t f 




) 




through their hands. To inftance in 


one particular : amon2 


1 


O 


all the daemon herd what one is there of a form, and cha 


Priapus? an obfcure 


as 


His hideous figure was made life of only as a 

and to drive the birds from 


very votaries 




bugbear to frighten children 




with whole filth he was generally befmeared 


fruit trees 








was 

and efteemed the fame 


in a 






like wife by the Egyptians 


Dionufus. Pie was 


94 


r e ve- 

than the Chaldaic 


xlS 


the principal God; no oth 


renced as 


95 


It was from hence that he bad his name: for 




Priapus of Greece is only a compound of Peor-Apis among 


y 






Peoi 

braided 


are 










mentioned, which are 


His temples likewile 


are 




ftiled Beth Peor. In fhort this wretched divinity of the Ro 


the foul of the world 


looked upon by others 


as 


L J 


mans was 




the hr ft 


A/orwr#, A the 




r 


Una 


haUTfCLMiVOtt 0 




Tif/.arat &€ ?rctpx 

nfeus. 1* i» p. 30 

9 y To a*) ccAfJut lift }? m 

55 Numbers, c. 25. v. 
Kircher derives Priapus 


94 


0 avros m 


n 


JL 










Sukias, 

v. 3. Jolliua. c. 22; v. 17 

os nuditatis 


Clan Traci AiymrTtoiS 

3. Deuteronomy, c. 4 

from nS.’T'yH, Pehorpeh 


T9 xa.i 






5 










beinj?.. 




s 







■l 



Ip 




I 



1 





4 



I 


J 




I 



Helladia^ and other Grecian Writers 

f 

a flandard for elegance, and nature 

examoles 


L 


p 


The Athenians were 

as it were 




gre 




Li. 


In the fpacc of a century, out of one little con 


on 


fined diftridt 

all times have been the wonder of the world: fo that we 


were 


%1 




may apply to the nation in general, what 


was 




ler 


I ■ 








jano, men 








did not retrieve any loll annals: nor were any efforts made 


in which they were involved* There 






tradition, and mixed with inconfiftency and fable. It is faid 


that letters were brought into Greece very early by 13 Cad 


mus 


[!■ 


r i 


L j 




. J 


fcription on the 


r ■ 




a temple* or upon a 


or 




their notions may be feen from what follows 


How uncertain they were in 

Alii Cadmumj alii Danaum, quidam Cecropem Athenienfem, vel Linum The 
banum, et temporibus Trojanis Palamedem Argivum 
rarum formas* mox 




memorant fedecim lire 




alios, et przecipue Simonidem cseteras inveniffe* Lilius Gy 

raldus de Poetis. Dialog'. 1. p. 13. Edit. Lugd. Bat. i 6§6 


T8 aAffioiCjlT3 s ^J S 5 '> ^ 


Tots o iiaAajW.JiJ'jis eupsrcc. t<r yfi a. fA ^.cltoo 

Trgo&wnitz cTb K cc^[^oso Mi Aw/as y^ai^fA.ccrctT^ia^ ^ <p 

E 7 n%ctp//.Q$ g 0 Xvga 

<?ot%€ta\ Eufebii Chron ; i P. 33.1 






ft) T 7 ^ P$ *S Tj V 

1TPQ$ TOLUTCt 

Tglct? 

Vox. 


i 


'J 


X‘U-60ytd'S 0 Kg/OS TrPOaSmi <foo, n KOLl 0) 


X 




£>£} 4* owtws STrAvecconvaY tcl 


1 2 




3 


to 


■ 1 


L i 


J 


s 



Helladian and other Grecian Writers 


53 




their country, and which had been introduced from 

other 


parts. Indeed they did not chufe 


to diftincmifh 


1 5 




o 


but adopted all for their own; taking the merit of every 


an 


cient tranfaCtion to themfelves 


No people had 


a greater 




O 


love for fcience 


difplayed a more refined tafle in com 




nor 




to pleafe, and to raife admi 


was evei 


on 






Hence they always aimed at the marvellous; which 

in a moff winning manner: at the fame 

a feemino- 


ration 




they dreffed up 


veneration for antiquity 


a 


i_ J 




perverted; and this veneration at 


was 


HJ 


tD 


opinion of themfelves and of their country in general: and 


they flood; and that the Arcadians were older than the moon 




and looked no farther. In fhort 






no 


an ac 


r 1 


L. J 


and there was nothing fo contradictory and abfurd, but was 


gree 


O 






See Diodorus above* p. 19 

Ti$ a Troto ctvr&ju <j'jyyocc$€cov ficcvoi pzf'i 

^y^ccTo i' 3 aM ex# 

Aioy<> eheyyyci 


20 






OTl fJL'rt^SV QsCcit&p GUV* 

77* Afc7 0V y r 3V J'tcc TA’ V 

XT A* 


16 


r 


at ttsci tojv 7 rpayfxetTcov mta^onno 

J 

IttTC'TCC TTBoi T Ct)V aUT&V Afn 'BlV && OtVBCTi 






' 1 


i 


xoti evcc 






*■ * 




Jofephus contra Apion. vol 2. 1 

OpiOlteS sfg T3T0J 


c. 3* P* 439 






7W >1A ixlot 


(E (paoaj) KaAA?ff0et'flS 


f 


%ou QeojroUTros kcctqc 


y$yo 

efg TA ?V eVXVTlCtV T 3T0l$ "jLCUjIV 

t>?v Tracer tiv & tsn jjj .A sj clv Binovaccj&tuot 


it 


t s 


i 


ciAcacov WJ 0 


atm e<r d>7av t ooi f tjt 


oh- 






%cct rov sx 7 rovvr uisroT'ctrrgS 

Diod. 1* 4* p* 209 


j 






V 

A 


and 


Vou I 


r l 


L J 


I 


*54 


and would not be undeceived. . Thofe, who like Euemerus 






and Ephorus had the courage 


to 


& 














accoi 




were 

Plutarch more than once 
the truth, and to drefs it up in 

crime 






infills that it is ex 


to veil 

went fo far 




"l J 


rn 




17 


oiy 


a 




IB 


a 


as 








means 








refped to their 








m 


es appear oi 




c 








own nation 




own rites 




c 








countries, were always 






£ 


them attribute to their forefathers the merit of many great 
oerformances to 


ers 


were 




i 


< 


c 




various parts of the 


pofed them to have founded cities in 




world, where the name of Greece could not have been 


being before Greece 

O 


known: cities which were in 


was a 

or even a tranlient ac 


I ■ 


L 






m 










Plutarch de Audiendis Poetis 


37 




See Strabo’s Apology for Fable. 1 . j. p. 35, 36 






riAwv ye dW oTt ax cotciSit tZriTaq-w %pv eivctt rccv vTBp th ©e/a ex -jraAa/a 


y.epvvevfjt.evowi Arrian. Expedit. Alexandri. 1. 5 

Herodotus puts thefe remarkable words into the mouth of Darius—ErSa yap 

ti Set ■^■zuS'qs XeyeSyctt, Aeyecjoo' na 


M 


c 


oi T6 ■^eu<S'o[j£voi 

1 . 3. c. 72. We may be aflfured that thefe were the 

author’s own fentiments, though attributed to another perfon: hence we muft 
not wonder if his veracity be fometimes called, in queftion: add to this, that he 
was often through ignorance miftaken: TloMcc tqv 

tcov AiyvxTiaxm uV coy voices e-^everjumv. Jofephus cont.. Ap. 1 


xca 








01 TV, 












J 


IC. 14 . p. 444* 




that 



EKTATION upon the 


D I S 


c 


o 


to (hew their pre 


were it not 

in order to remee 




* 




p 












have been too much accimomed to take in the 

have been 

is no method of difcoverino- 


our part we 


examination, vvhatevci 








or no 




pleafed to tranfmit: and there 


t> 








the line of deviation. By unravel 


out the mode of error 




I 


A 


we may be at lad: led to fee things in their 

and to reduce their 




\ 




on 




% 




O 


to order. That 
nor carried to an undue 


ginal irate 

O 




y 


my cenfures are not groundlefs 






from fbme of their beft writers: who accufe them both of 

fees. 




*5 




’A 






CILC 




i 


that the ■ traditions of the Greeks were as ridiculous as 

m 

and Philo confefles that he could obtain 

that the Grecians 


\ 


ab 


were numerous 


h, j 




L. I 


little intelligence 




fo that it was impofjible to 




a mt 


nmg , 




A 


difcover the truth . He therefore 




to 


avm 


e o 






rom whom only it could be obtained\ 

ilofa 






or m 








ar 




s to 


genuine 


were' 

horrowe d> 




Ot yao EAAjjrajv Ao yoi ttoAAoj icon yeXoioi^ cos e[/.oi (pccivovrai, Apud J&tn 

blicum—See notes, p. 295 




ay 




art 


ahtivetctv ye 

lifrAw* 


TJoAvv otvroi g?rj iyov 7 v$oi^ [jm pccf'ius 

He therefore did .not apply 

yct(> cojth} x.att (piAoveixoTegGV 07r mm fJLotfhQV^ n Troon otAr}^stm aupreveicrcc. 

Philo apud Eufeb. P. E. 1 . 1 




T IVCL CrWOpcLV TO, 3t«T 

to Grecian , learning—* Ou mv Trap ’ 


e 


X 




c. ix. p. 32 










■ P-32V 

T}?mtmv ex, agniTou ra xaAA/fa sis <p\Kooop i«v irapa 

gmtr^au Clemens Alexand. Strom. 1, 1. p. 355 


41 


1 


7 COS' 




KM'/rras- 




Helladian and other Grecian Writers 


I 57 






rom 


o e 


were 


7 


SI 


7 




A 


US 






y 






Jamblicus gives the true reafon for the preference 


and 

'The Helladians , fays this writer, are ever wavering and un 






carried about by the lead 


are 






ms 


oe 


i 


lie 


aii 








nay they quit it with a kind 




cannot retain it 




e 






of eagernefs .* and whatever they do admits they 


new mould 


according to fome novel and uncertain mode of 




a mom 






countries are more 
es* and abide more unifo 


e o 


-* 


9 


si. 


rea 








nate m 
terms 
fented in 




? 








are repre^ 


a 






20 


J 


va 


i 










i 


r 


nor en 


nity 


e 








great 


to 


that the writers of other countries were f 


truth 


3 ° 


rangers to 




O 


with which the Grecians were infe 








CapCapy (piAocrcpias EAAjjras. Clemens Alexand. Strom. 1. z 


KAS7r'm5 tyi 


it 








p. 428 

Clemens accufes the Grecians continually for their ignorance and vanity 




yet 




Clemens is faid to have been an Athenian, though he lived at Alexandria 
lacrificed all prejudices to the truth j as far as he could obtain it 

Quern ya.o * E A A >j y es fieri vsoT^o7roi } cltt ovref tpepovrai 

eauTOis, BsP’ 01 rea corral irxoa 


He 






ira.vTa.'xy,^ ootsv ' s Z cl 

t imv <tia.(Duj\a.TT 0 VTSs' «AAa. x.at 


20 






IV 


rsro c£eco$ ccpevres irccvrct xctrx tw a^otirov ivgzo-ihoyicLV jj.$tclit\ccttbci> E ag- 

Cccoot cTs UOVlfJLQt T Qts ybtCTlV GV Tg$ ? Xott T OIS A QyQt$ €s€ttlC*SS T OLS CCt>TQl$ 6ftfiL£Vdari 


\y 


Jamblicus. fed: 

19 yap xewsxj //.ctr <xrd 7rccvre$ qutql epct£revTe$3 cure 

u£v a A Ays £7n tw ccKwhutv TTpoeroe^ca/TQ 


*7 


c-5- P* T 55 




/ 


CVJTOt TO CC/\Wcy sy 

Theophilus ad Autol 


rwcr^is oyr 






■ 1 . 3 -P- 3 82 




en' JoyutxTav d'e tqivjAious b zara 


nap riy-iv J e tbs zevodo^ias 0 ty.epoe 

«.eQ*. Tatianus contra Graecos. p. 269, 




ax 




%?*> 


were .: 






and uniform* and did not encourage them 


were more tmpie 










o 


* 


vat 


elves tn an a 






u 


e 


i 


► 






very ignorant: and the writers, 


the Greeks in 

who, in 

more accurate inquiries 


were 


1 4 


the time of the Roman Empire, began to make 




met with infuperable difficulties 




know no 










, JL L 




fevere and jnfl than that which Strabo has 

rs of Greece; and 


cenfure more 






T 


t 


O 




of its writers in general 


In fpeaking of the Ahatic na 




tions he allures us, that there never had been any account 


tranfmitted of them, upon which we can depend. 31 Some of 


writer, the Grecians have 














be e nations 




ous 










a m 


o 


wars 


woe 


were 


ever be obtained \ mt even m rej\ 

fame uncertainty in refpebi to the 


There is the 




wat 




Hi 






m 


tans 


o 




We can meet 

with 




Tous ja&v Xaxct5 5 tous Mccnruyeras bkccAovi^ vx, e^ovres cotpiQcos A eyeiv irepx 




etUTGOV XCtiyrBp 7T(>0$ M & O'(T Cty €TCt$ TOP TroX&fAQV l Cf* 0 pQVVT £$' ccAAoo OV T& 

yrBgl TGVTCOP OvSbIZ WKgi^COTQ 'W'pOS CC?\»^BiCCP QuS'BV) HTB TCL TtJCtAoUot. TO)U 1 Iep(TO)y$ 

tup MtfJWi', *jj lyjptocKm'i es <m<?w afyixveno ueyctAw ha rw 


cure 

I 

rm <rvyypct(p$&)v 

a 7 rAoT»T<x xcu tyiv (pxAof/.vQictv^ Onyxes ycto tqvs <p{&v$gto$ fjjj§oypct(pQV$ ev^o xi/u, 

Tot$i toyfijurcLP %ctt ctvrns i 7rccge^et&ott tyiv ygcttyrip fiJ'etcoVy $ctp ep tq-'ogius rffl/xart A$ 

n ov Trctoa ye escrow <rxo r r&PT£$ 

CLXgOCLCrlV iirSeiCLV KCtl ^TOtVflU^W* P cchco$ h ccjp t/5 

xcu rots 




ovp 




ywriV} cc re et^op D pyre 

ocuto h fiovop tbt o* on 


efV 




VKQVCTCCP 




f 






\ ) 




Tiysvcrm> HpMoAoyvtrt 
HoocToto, j cat 'EAAawicw 


co 


rpaytKoi $ FloWT/xts, » K.T);<r;a 

Kca «AAo;s roiarots. OocTg to a 7regt AA e^ctv 
S'{ipfe yvyygci-^cuny petfrov rots toAAo/5 

' I- 












Tfc KtZi 




xect yctg ovtco pcthBpy&trt ha t £ 




TW 


Helladian and other Grecian Writers 


*59 


F 1 


L I 


with tittle that can be deemed authentic 


account of the 


on 


5 


1 


and their uniform love of fable 


wrote 


w 


s o 


e 




r; 




k ■ j 


acce 


m 


i 


a 




of their hifory they were to introduce circumjlances 


em 


\ 




er on 


a 


o 


mer 


rm 






having recourfe to what was marvellous and new 


On this 

mer . when 

even 




j 


account we may moreJaje 


to 


en 




us 


to the tragic poets, than to Ctejias , Herodotus , and Hellanicus y 


L J 


who wrote about Alexander » are 






e 


connaence . rei 


o 




countries , in which he was 


engaged ; even at the extremities 


4 


This 


of AJia j at a great dijlance from us , and our concerns 




renders them very fecure 


For what is referred to a difrance 






T' 


con 


ts at 


ce 






Jt ou S'tot. to tw T'pstTSiat' 7rgos t oca £ ayyim as ysyovsvat Tns 

Aertas mogga) cctp vfJLow' to Stt utroopw Suer iXsyr ov . Strabo. 1. if. p. 774 . 

Grascis HLftoricis plerumque poetical fitnilem efle licentiam. Quincftilianus 




I. 11 


I X 




1 


quicquid Grsecia mendax 


Audet in Hiftoria. Juvenal 
Strabo of the ancient Grecian hiftorians 




Ae* tc*>v ntov 'src&Acacov iq-oPioov 

axovBtv ovTGcSy ws fM) 6jAoXoyovfAZvoov cnpoJW. 6t yap t>ecoT$ , poi ohAccxis voyj^ers- 

3 cat t avavTt'A A eyny, 1. 8* p. 545 

Tlavres iazv yap ol nsreoi AA efcav^oov ra 0o^/ju*<n>v am T 

waAAar. Strabo. 1 * 15. d„ 102.2 










>■ i 


1 


aAflfc? CiTZ-Q^SyQVTCtt* 






A., 




p 




I DO 




difficult to arrive at the truth : f 

to , were in con 


he fays, that it 


was very 


Of 




i 


oho muji neceffarily 


tie n writers 

tinual ohfiofntan 




ue ap 

one another 


t 


r 




/ 


l 










y 




s 


jTJ U 


f 




c 










t 




errea jo juameru 

ih with certainty, 

he excufes 

4 

that we mu ft not 




* t 








J 'ec 




b 






i 




33 


9 


l 


ice 




* 


were 


ir a 


c 


wo ere 




£ 










ancient poet 


imr 








"I" 4 


a 






i 










* 










c 




enlightened were fo ignorant, and fo devoted 




in ages more 














'X 




to evei 


c 


c 


J c 




JL 


hut herein 

The firft writers were the 




even 




too far 

and the mifehief began 


his zeal tranfported him 




from them. They firft 




in 






fedted tradition; and mixed it with allegory and fable 


Of 




that 


34 - 






veus, Homery and 
names and genealogies 


fays this learned father, that we owe to 






of the Pagan 




i 


O 




v 




AXXx htct/FQS ex&F&j t cLVctvTicc Xiytt WToXXaxt<f o'srfcf Se wen rccu zpxcr 

fei vofH&v fsepi row ait or,s- Strabo. 1. 15. p. 1006. 

And Diodorus Siculus. 1 






da •7 GOV fcfT CO 




distpgovrai) n 

See alfo L 771, 2 5 3? 4 


p. 63. Of Herodotus and 

ccAtmtus to vrxPciSo^oXoyen 

T-/ O lADpou' xcti yetp r&$ sri vecoiepus sxswb ttcAA# 








other writers— Exovatcos ro-foxotvaines t>;s 

O §ccVfACL<fGP S eivca 1rspi 

TBparoAzyetv. Strabo, 1 , 7. p, 458 


/ 






%% 


ctyvoziV) xcti 


r 1 




fyyjjLt ovv Qp(psct x&t O fitipov xcti 'H tnoSoy $wctt rou$ ovofJLctTX xcti yevvy Sovrctf 

Xeyoptevoii 6^0/5* [xctprvpBi Se xcti ^HpoSoron—^HcnoSov yao xcti 


54 






TOIS 07 V avroou 

Qpjwpov fiXixw TeTpaxoa‘ioi$$Ticri Soxeco rpe<r£vTep8$ z/jlb yepeertixt) xm ov itXziqgi 

O uroi SeeiviP) oi 7 roiy)crctPTe$ veoyovixv *EAA xxi roitri 6 to/cr/ rx$ £ 7 r oopv fjjas 

I 

Sovr&iXCLt Tf/xa? % at Tenets S&AovTSfy xat etSsu clutgov oDfrcavov rs$‘ &t SBeixoves 

fj-£%pt /jUITw TrAa<p3Ctf xxi ygatyiiai} xcu ctv£ p Myrow oMTtxy ^crat^ ouSe Bvo[j.i(^oyTo* 

Athenagorse Legatio, p, 292, See Herodotus, I. 2* c. 53 










Daemons 




1 


A 


L 


I 



s 


r 



A 






!"■ 


I 



DISSERTATION upon the 


themfelvcs, and fome addition of 




e in 

circumftances, This accretion will be in every aee 
till there will at laft remain fome few outlines 






V o 

1 Kj 


c 


o 


1 


only of the 


occurrence. It has been mail 




many, that 

early : but it will appear upon in™ 


iy 


oil 


C 










c 


been a groundlcfs notion, Thofc of the ancients, 




ave 


who considered the matter more carefully, have made 


no 




takes notice of their early claim ; but cannot allow it 




45 








i 


by the Phoenicians , and Cadmus . Yet 


\ 


over 


were 


'3 


* 


\T 


V 


. * 




or from 




























and Shews 

Hellas is clouded 
complains 


with which the hiftory of 






of letters. He 






-*4 






L_I 




k. 


and 


Nw f/siv o^tys tots Si 5 EAAjjvas n mov Xoyeov 7 ra^»A0e St S'ctcnuthi tx. tS xj ypetty vt 

Clemens Alexand. Scrom. 1. i. p. 26 4, 


44 




45 


Ot fj12P OVP CCfflatOTCCTM CCUTW ?y)V XgV&W twett Ofc'A QVT& 

K cefipupovrat f/.avew. Ou mvp 


7 r<xoct fyotpntcop $ 

£7r bk&pb tb 0 !'£# vpolitq nrts civ JVf§a/ 

£vh§oi^BT ev . Jofeph cont. Apion. 1 

46 T m ry$ cthydeias trogicop "EAAw^s e 












Coo 


r 




fiefAVttVTOU* 7 Tg(/t)TQP fX£V 6 ICC TO P£tOq" ; 

%m ctuToi ofioAoyycty 

ot cTg Trap Aiyv7rticx)v$ 


clvt&$ t m y^ctfifiaroov rm e\iitttguts fi^roypm ytytm&ai 

q>aa%ovT$$ tcl yga \jl fiara wptyi&ai) oi, fiev curro XaA £'ouoov 
aAAo* S' 








tj 




uv aTro-vomxetiv. SevTSpov^oTi S'wraiofy xj Terra fieri 

mv [tvftcevj «AA» t sot [xctratuv $ avcatysKw tat pzyfiaTm. Theoph. ad Aucol. 1* 3 




I. 




y 








p. 400 . 

Plutarch allures us, that Homer was not known to the Athenians till the.- time 


of 


Helladian and other Grecian Writers 


r n 


l: 






is 


in com 


r . 


‘This they confefs y by attributing the 






nations 


t on o 


either to 






e prior to 


invention o 


to 


eives 


f 


the Chaldeans , or the Egyptians 


elfe to the Phenicians 


or 




r i 


Another caufe of failure , which relates to their theology , and 


owing to their not making a proper dif- 




m ?r 


is 






quifition about the true objeSl of worfhip : but amujing them 








to give a 




O 


Troy* But what 




47 


is 


thoufand years, all which kings were before the time of 


one 


48 


r 








Tatianus Affyriu$,who adyifes 


49 


is 


1 






► 




not 


for even Cadmus was many ages after 


is certain 


rtes 










of Hipparchus, about the 63d Olympiad, yec feme writers make him three, 

fome four, fome five hundred years before that aera. It is fcarce poflible that he 
ftiould have been fo unknown to them if they had been acquainted with let 






ters 


47 Eufebius. Chron. p. 24 

48 Eufebius. Chron. p. 19. Syncellus. p. 148, 152 

The kings of Sicyon were taken from Caftor Rhodius 

toi' j'fcfj'gv}; Gvvvsva.1 uctra. Ta<rw a 


r ’ 




nr 




qti xctTct nryv EAA>?- 

U.ZTCC 


49 


K aixp 

etSociv oi>y tq^ootai t ti w ttcco avTois avayi a<pn' K xffiosyxp 

x A. Tatianus Aliyrius. p. 274 




rus* Trctg 

^roAAees y£v£ci5 








that 


i 

MU 

T 


L 


I 


matters 



h 




Helladian a?id other Grecian Writers 


M 


It 


fays, that it was the chief caufe of error 

hence, when he met in Sanchoniathon with ancient 

he did not indulge himfelf in whimfical folutions 
the true meaning, which was the refult of fome event or qua- 

This being 1 a fecret to 

in a 






names 








V 


lity whence the name was impofed 




o 


the Greeks, they always took things 


being milled by a twofold fenfe of the terms, which 




tion 

occurred to them 


k 


u 


one was the genuine and original 
which was retained in 


mean 




mg j 

were taken: the other was a forced fenfe, which the Greeks 




own 

was no relation between them. The fame term in different 




attended only to the meaning in their 

were 


conflantly s+ mifiaken 


F 1 


fkin. Out of Ar, the capital of 

Moab, they formed Areopolis, the city of the Mars. The river Jaboc they 

preffed Io Bacchus. They did not know that diu in the eaft fignified an ifland 

and therefore out of Diu-Socotra in the Red-Sea, they formed the illand Diofco 
rides: and from Diu-Ador, or Adorus, they made an ifland Diodorus. The 

fame ifland Socotra they fometimes denominated the ifland of Socrates. The 

CC7CC 


a 




ex 


place of fountains, Ai-Ain, they attributed to Ajax, and called it Aiavros 

Twawr, In the famefea. The ancient frontier town of Egypt, Rhinocolura, they 

derived from ms, mio?, a nofe: and fuppofed that fome people’s nofes were here 

cutoff. Pannoniatfaey derived from the Latin pannus, cloth. So Nilus was 

from vr\ tAus : Gadeira quafi F«s S'si^at. Necus in Egypt and Ethiopia fignified a 

king : but fuch kings they have turned to vsv.vai ; and the city of Necho, or 

Royal City, to N«co7roA/sand NgjtooxcAis. 

Lyfimachus in his Egyptian hiftory changed the name of Jerufalem to Tep 

ncl fuppofed that the city was fo called becaufe the Ifraelites in their 
march to Canaan uled to plunder temples, and fteal facred things. See Jofephus 
contra Ap. 1 . i. c. 34. p. 467 


r 






(TV ACC 








r l 


_ j 


It 


VoL. I 



M 




F 





L 


J 


I 




* 


"i 


J 


r 


r 


I ft I 


F 


r 


L 


1 


i 




J 


A 


f 


172 


1 


r 


r 




h 




F 


> 


lj 


4 


■i 


F 


1 






4 




an: 




omit 1 ©tepn; 


r i 


A 


h 


il 


h 




or jk 


f 


j 


i 


h 








L 


I 


I 




I 


4 


I 




I 


i 


I 


» ■ 


=>■ 


I 


I 


h 


i 


4 


C 




F 


Il 


t 




indeed all 










4 


\ 


is arc 


4 




I 


P 


H 


h 


<1, 


V C 


( 


■h 




\ 


s 


■l 




i. 




J 


■i 








E 


>1 


I ri I I 


1 


h 


? 


I 1 


t 




I 


1 




1 


J 




|_ J 


lit IS 

4 


ve a iiut c 


i 


ii 






1 


W J 




r l l 




1 




■i 


i 


b- 


k 


h 


1 


r 


h 


■r 


■i 


j 


H 


1 




I 


l 


t 


I 


j 








and to 


r 


4 + 






r 


{ 




-j 




F 


7 




t 


i 


* 




i. 


t 


I 






ri 


? 


1 


> 


1 








f 




"l 




V 






or 


i 


P 




L 




I 


t 




& 


I 


V, 


I 


L 


i 


J 


I 


I 


F 


4 


A 




I 


F 


t 




4 




F 


I 


i 


* 


F 


h 


F 


which d 












4 


■b 


/ 


one 


I 


L 


b 


I 


I 




H 


I 






i" 


J 


F 


7 > 


X 


c 


i: 


i 


ri 


4 


4 


F 


L 






F 




over 

t-eries,; 

borrowed. But as 
a wafte, which has 

upon me 

remoter difcoveries 

I 

cuftoms, and of the nations 

means 


4 




F 


1 


/ 


4 




4 


4 


S 




I 


i 


i 


4 


O' 


I 


I 


4 


* 


I 


1 


F. 






T 


l 


l 






L 


F 


F" 




I 


1 


4 


I 


J 


I 


I 


I 




1 


r 


i. 




i 


4 






I 




4 


1 


track,’ and in 


venture in an unbeaten 


I 








I 


Y 


i 


f 


i 


i 


F 


J 


I 


I 


I 


near at hand, before I advance to 


s 


I 


F 


J 




4 


h 


I 


I 


r" 


r 


f 


j 




t 


F 


L 


J 




as 






J 


* 




I 


3 




+ 




to 


F 




b 




I 




i 


1 


h 


it 4 


I 


I 


b 


derived. By 






4 


"i 


e 


were 




a 


i 






F 




1 


F 


I 


I 


4 


F 


well aa by the fame religious terms, oblervable 




toms, as 


m 


different countries, it will be eafy to fhew a relation, which 


4 


ri 


■_ j 


i 






pi 








i 


4 




4 




fm 


1 


and to have co me 




pm the fame place 


I 


I 


I 






courfe will be in great meafure an 










ceed in the manner, which I have mentioned ; continually 


s 






aim at 


arrive 


A 


r 1 


j 


r 


F 


I 


I 


I 


I 


J. 


i. 


I 


I 


> 


j 


4 


I 


I 




treadles were not written in the order 


in which they 


4 


¥ 


L ■ 




rJ 


f 






as 


I- 


I 


fore me 


"i 


which 


were hrft compoled, will 


4 


I 


occur 


I 


I 


laft 


I 


* • 


I 


■% 


I 


I "I 




I 


J 


4 


1 


I 


i 


F 


sis 


t 


r 






"i 


i 


Helladiahs and other GasciAN Writers 


7 A 


I 


L.-j 


s well 


Ef 

Pv 










i. 


J 


* 


difguft : as what is repeated, was fo interwoven in the argu 


r ^ 


► 


it occurs a fecond time 




yfelf, and go contrary to portions in a former treatife 


n, 


LaLJ 


But I think 


VP 


s ' 


L j 


it more ingenuous, and indeed my drift duty 

miftakes. a 


H 


h 




4 




n 


j* 


b 




or 


m 




L j 


r l 


b 


1 




.1 


*1 




L 






t 






1 


* 





"I 


I 




* 


(f 


I 


f 


V 


H 


4 


V 










mci 


m 


1 




} 


4 


f 


h 


i 


■f 






$ 


I 


I 




I 


were 


we 






occurrences 


h 


r 






i 








and apply to the nations, from whence they were derived 


r 


L_i 


original hiftory was foreign; and 


Theii 


where they fettled. This is of great 




\ 


t 


( 




i 


confequence, and repeatedly to be confidered 




r f 








H 


e 


I 


"l 


c 




* 




i 


i 


\ 


who deal in thefe refearches, which mu ft be care 

avoided. We jfhould never make life of a language, which 

is modern, or 


i 


I 




I 


4 


i 




n. to 






i 






*-v| 


1 






2 terms 




rf 


I 


was 










> 


i 


' * 


I 


1 


1 


has the modern Celtic to do with the hif 


or 


t 




\ 


T 


I 


tween the times, of which he treats 




of the 








"i 


Celtse: and there is ftill an interval not very much inferior 




I 


to the former, before we arrive at the sera 


J 


h 


1 




to which he applies 


¥ n 


r -r 


L'J 


p 


verfed in 

from roots; which are often 
the names 








i" 






les 




+ 


;■ 




11 


I 






a verb. But 


are generally an affem 


r 


\ 




► 


i 


blage of qualities, and titles; fuch 








as 




A 


r 




treatife above 






P 


I 


L 


c 


The terms were obvious, and in common ufe ; taken 


tions 




) 








I 


■■ 


J 


4 




I 




1 


l> 




*- 


d 


I 


T 


H 


I 




i 


4 




i" 












> 


I 



4 


4 



I 


■% 


I 


I 


t 


f 




I 


1 






A 


H 




I 


P 


I I 





I 


I 


f 


I 


I 


L 


H 


I 




s 


I 


h 


i 




j 


> 


* 














1 


I 


I 


4 



I 


A 



h 


J 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


io 










beneficium percipientes aquam colunt, 




aqms 






, and 


v, 




infcription is to be found in Gruter 




r ■ 


Vafcanise in Hiipanii 


li 


Magnorum fluviorum capita venera mur 


Seneca 






co 


F 


r 


L. . j 


luntur aquarum calentium fontes 


quaedam ftagna, quae 




vel opacitas, vel immenfa altitudo facravit 


not 


J 


what the nature of the water might be, if it had a peculiar 


quality. At Thebes in Ammonia was a fountain, which was 


V. 








*3 


KdASlTOU 78 YjAlU 


was 


■■ 


to 


be a compound of Vir-En, and to fignify ignis fons, from 








to 


on 


accordingly find 


ticular quality 


Vitruvius, that it 


I 




in 


r 1 


was a 

Corinthians had m 


& 


their Acropolis a IS Pirene, of the lame 


was a beautiful foun 






r ^ 


L i 


I 


water within a facred inclofure. We read of a Pyrene, which 


i 


Gruter. Infcript. vol. i. p. xciv 
Seneca; Epift. 41 

Xi Herodotus. 1 . 4. c. 181. The true name was probably Curene, or Curane 

Vitruvij Archited. 1 . 8. p. 163 
Pliny. 1 . 4. c. 4. p. i r ’• Ovid. Metamorph. 1 .2 

Paufanias. 1 . 2. p. 1 ye xa< AttoAAwkw ayctAftct 7rpos t>i I 7 & 

PM Kaf 7TSgtS 0 Aos 

Pirene and Virene 

VOL 


II 










L 


M 


r 1 


1$ 


• n 


. J 


16 


r 




the fame name 


C 


was 


1 




L 








4 



4 




s 


I 



i 




I 



r 




J 


h 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


n 


O4 


P7I 




Phenicians 49 








■J 


pofes. Befides the term Phenician was not a name, but a 


title: which was affumed by people of different parts 


as 




^1 


The diftrid, upon which the Grecians 


I fhall /hew 


con 


the many regions, which the Phenicians were fuppoled to 






ion 


was an a 




h. .J 


Canaan was called by the ancient and true inhabitants 


nor 


h. .J 




was it ever admitted, and in ufe, till the Grecians got pof 

feffion of the coaft. It was even then limited to a fmall tradt 


1 


I 


J 


to the coaft of Tyre and Sidon 






c, many 








we proceed towards the eaft j from 


more will be found, as 

whence thefe terms were 


places in Greece were of oriental etymology 


J 


Egypt. I fhonld fuppofe that the name of Methane in the 


fountain, being 


com 


pounded of Meth 








I 




lan 


:\r 


an 




u 


Meth, whom the Greeks called Miync Meetis 




5? 


mi 






We learn from 51 Paufanias, that there was in 


a 




Thucydides. 1 . 6 

Orphic Fragment 

divine wifdom, by which the world was framed : efteemed the fame as 
Phanesj and Dionufus 

.Autos t£ o liiopvgqs 

M'iJ'Tli 




g. 2. p. 379 






JO 


19. from Proclus, p. 366 


vi. v 










A 


xcu tlpncZTrzios. Ibidem* p, 373 


xou cpccptt 

EtAt)) 'ZcooS'orm —from Orpheus,; Eufebij Chroni 


*3 




p 1 


L . 






PIJWPbUeTQU) 






con. p. 4 




Icr^os turavvct hpop 

A^t ccl. Paufan. 1 


S1 




U ZOfiX 


xca a*)aAuct* xoa tj/s ay 


qpu$ Epy. 




%ou 






P* I 0.0 




r 








The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


205 


temple and a natue of I£is, and a ftatue alfo of Hermes 




111 


the forum 5 and that it was fituated near fome hot fprings 


r m 


L. 


We may from hence form a judgment, why this name 


and from what country it was imported. We 


was given 

find this term fometimes compounded Meth-On, of which 
name there was a town in 5 * Meflenia. Inflances to our 




rj 


m the courf 


purpofe from Greece will accrue continually 




of our work 




One reafon for holding waters fo {acred arofe from a no 


n 


# - 








tion 




s 




were 


ei 


c 


L 






CllS 


tion was to be obtained. 51 Some^ fays he, procure a prophetic 














s 




ice o 


asts 


<r 


y 


3 




<S 


the mouth of the 






ca 


at 


over 


ovjon 


o 


vern y as the women do, who give out oracles at Delphi. Others 


7 


the waters 


as 




are 




the cafe of thofe who are priefleffes atBranchidce. He adds 53 


is 


1 




in refpeSl to the oracle 


at 




was 


was m 








emanation. From this 

name 






we 






Paufanias. 1 4. p. 287 

QtS^ vS'eop 












Otfi ^ayjcts 


fi 


K A zt 0 l :s 

£ vf a?& v aiut 

Scft 








lovrer* o tv 




n 






b 


i 


* J 


yzcrTriCw&i 


r 






r 


OX 


1 


k 


A 


•h. 


Y.X 


XJ'zVCX 


mutVQU cos at tv zasa 








k.. 


O > 




^ccy^iS'casT Jamblicus de Myfterijs 

o?\.oyBt7ui 7 ruccc iracai ° tu t#i’ 

> Ti/K Ti c c C iJ 1 /} 1 

i 1 


’i 


ci. p.-7 2 






C 


CC 7 TSP CCl BV 

T gJs $v KoAopwi uanacv ou 


L*i 




* ri 






> 


I 4 






53 


t 




'V < r u % t 

y-i * 

TambltciiK.. 


roi 






L*. 








i 




G fit to K<Ct CC7T UVTffi 7HSll 

4 , w k t j ^ 


strut ycco Tniyiw w 

ibid 






t 




The Analysis of-A.ncient Mythology 




200 


Q 


p 11 




w n i c 


and corr 


Oph On, tumulus Dei Solis Pythonis, 






into which this fountain 


The rivei 


the character given 

facred, and named Halefus 




r' 


l - 


it was alfo called 




ran, was 

Anelon : An-El-On, Fons Dei Solis 

of well known titles of the fame God 




I 


Halefus is compoled 


5 + 


F 1 


L _i 


Delos was famed for its oracle; and for a fountain facred 


called 55 Inopus 


nni * 

I his 








It was 


to 


is a 


o 




r 


Afopus, Elopus, and the like, 


of the fame analogy. The 


are 


God of light, Orus, was often jftiled Az-El; whence we 


meet with many places named Azelis, Azilis, Azila, and by 


apocope, Zelis, Zela, and Zeleia 
Phafelis, fituated upon the mountain s6 Chimaera; which 


In Lycia 


the city 


was 


mountain had the fame name* and was facred to the God of 


N 


fire. Phafelis is a compound of Phi, which in the Amonian 

and of Azel above men 


language is a mouth or opening 


1 


tioned. Ph’Afelis fignifies Os Vulcani, five apertura ignis 




1 


J 


in other words a chafm of fire 


The reafon why this name 




was 


in Phafelitide Mons Chimtera, et 
diebus, et nodtibus flamma. Chimaera is 


m im mortal i 






Paufanias. 1 , 8. p* 659, AvbAoptx ra tv KoAoipww 

5CrOT»T CL OL^CTl 


EA tyeicov tghitcu 


<4 


xcu 






Callimachus: Hymn to Delos 
Strabo. 1. io. p. 742 

Pliny. 1 . 2. c. 106. p 

Pliny above 

On 7 tvp eyyvs tn? A1 cPos e v Aviua aQararoy, xai on ctei neutral tirt 7re 

___ i -« 

T£a< 9 xai fun ra, nat fifxipxv. Ctefias apud Photium. clxxiii 


it 


F 1 


L. j 


F 1 


1 6 


122 


r 1 






S7 






Cham-Ur 


f n 


j 


Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


,1 




J 


Cham-Ur, the n 


of the Deity, whofe altar ftood towards 


] 


* 


At no great diftance flood 


s* 


mountain 


r 1 


_ J 


Taurus. This Argaius may be either derived from Har 

a mountain 


L ^ 








or rather ignis cavitas , live Vul 


to 


given from its being hollow, and at 


cam domus, a name 


mountain may be feen in Strabo; who fays, that it was im 


. y . 


menfely high, and ever covered with fnow ; it flood in the 


"Si 






59 


It 


r ^ 


from coins 

defcribe it, both as an hollow, and an inflamed mountain 




6o 


L.-j 


In Thrace was a region called Paeonia, which feems to 

Hie 


have had its name from P’Eon, the God of light 


6i 


of thefe parts were Ailed both Peonians, and Pierians 


natives 

which names 


B 


equally relate to the Sun 


r 






wo 




US 




of it ufed to fufpend upon an high pole a difk or metal; pro 




fyoivixov srcs Tr&pt irctyvu vb/xovtcci^ 


nctvreu ccroi 




L. 3 

812 . For the purport of Gaius, domus vel cavitas, See 




^ I 


L J 


** Strabo. 1 . 12. p 

Radicals, p 

Patina: Numifnrma Imperatorum. p. 180. 1 « 194 

“ He was called both Peon, and Peor: and the country from him Peonia and 
Pieria. The chief cities were Alorus, Aineas, Chamfa, Methone : all of oriental 

etymology 




c- 


r 


/ 


1 • 












t 






A 


Ancient Mythology 


Fhe Analysis of 




208 




that mineral: and 


they were rich 




bably of fine gold 


m 


as 




t 


adoration 


6 £ 


before 








Nr 






L 




apparent analogy between the 


names of 


There is an 


ther eaft; whofe inhabitants were 


r. 


s 


aces rai 

of the Snn 
titles. Such is 


c 


ire an affemblage of his 


Hence molt names 


t 






Cyreftia, Chalybon, Comana, Ancura, Co 




Arbela, Amida, Emefa, Edeffa, and the like 

■1 

The natives are 


calia, Cabyra, 


■ 


Emefa is a compound of Flam 


*C 


US 




n 


oun 






Soli 


n 




63 




CLOI 




T 


ue 11am 
Vi tarn affitant 


U 


JL 


L 


1 






Similar to Emefa was Edefla 


01 




named from Hades, the God of light 
ftilcs the reeion 










or 








04 


£ 






This 


sc; CUDJVOS Tbi 


OP 




C 


\ 








r 1 


o 




* * 


city was alfo from its wor 


4 














*7* 


c 






which laft was probably the name of the 66 temple 


There were many places called Arlene, Arfine, Arfinoe, 
Arfiana. Thefe were all the fam 


name 


r* 






of the fame 
compound of arez-ain, Solis fons 

X ^ 


ferent countries 

Arfinoe is 


were 


t 


L. 




a 


u 


1 4 




ciyaAfj.ee a% >)Af 3 YlcttovtftQV VTitp jw.st 


riatores GtCmn 






V YthiOV 






Maximus Tyrius. Differs 8. p. 87 


xcb 

Of the wealth of this people, and of their (kill in mufic and pharmacy 






See 






Strabo* Epitom. L vii 

63 Rufus Feftus Avienus. Defcnp. Orbis. v» 1083 

Juliani Gratio in Solem. Orat. 4* p. 150 

glvtoi ( E sfW <r j? ww) rw 0g« iiA/ti 

E\ayct€cc/\ov xcihovvres* Herodian* 1 
Edefleni Urchoienfes ^Urhoe 


\ 


L . 




M 


L j 


c 


IzcWTcLl cTe 


bW U Til 






tot ov yccg 01 $7ri%cepio£ <r 










3 * 




6 S 




lux, &c. Theoph. Sigefredi Bayeri 


12ms 






o 


Hift. Ofrhoena 

Ur-choe fignifies Oridomus, vel templum j Solis iEdes 
Ur in Chaldea is by Ptolemy called Orchoe 




p. 4 




&& 






and 











I 



-I 







I 




















































4 





"l 




The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


H l 


1 






. I 


hill'and Parnafiiis 


Cave, which 


•l 






great way: and Paufanias, who made it 


his 


a ‘ 




aces of this nature 


fays, that it 






to 




i 


y 


the mojl extraordinary of any which he ever beheld , 


was 




JO 


m 


: one m Cilicia, men- 
















J 


I 




r 1 


l J 


There were many caves ftiled Corycian 


■ I 




Partheni.us,. who fpeaks 






- 44 


om 




*, 






name 




ctriolyc/Lgw 


II 


v was 


ctan 






H 




t 






a 


cavern 




was a place of this fort at 

Elis, and, like the above, confecrated to 
There were likewife medicinal waters^ from which people 
troubled .with cutaneous,, and. fcrofulous diforders, found 


ajloni/hing*. There 


i j 


maco 


*1 






in 


1 


L_■ 




■■ 


r 


L . 


e a 




in- 


ur 








o 


out of which 


51 


► 






there iffued a 

fame name in 13 Syria 






mi vapour* 


was, a 


t 




in 


was 




1 






according; to the tradition of the natives, the waters at. the 

Innumerable inftances might 


deluge retired 






this purpofe from Paufanias, Strabo, Pliny, and other 


to 






writers 


T 


r i 


4 


Paufatuas.l. io. p. 877. 

Paufanias. 1. 5. p. 387. Sama Con, Cceli vcl Coeleffis Dominus.- 






h 






11 




i 


IA Strabo* 1 . 12. p. 869, L 13. p. 934* Demeter and’ Kora were worfliipped 

yiccCGOVlQV ■ CtVTpOV 6 CCV <p 0V T 




at the Charonian cavern mentioned by Strabo 

cwe<. 1. 14. p. gbs 

13 Lucian de DeaS 






r ■ 


L ■ 


* A 




na. 




T 




4 





h 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


I 




T 


22 


"l 


r 


i 




r 


us 


manner a 


* Petra was in 




i 


#1 


I 




l rock, or cavern 

where the name of Mithras was 

cavern 




r 


«■ 


i" 




laces 


in 






-u 




c 


♦ ■ 


*5 


known, paid their 


at a 




wor 






4 


L . 




J 




fpesks to the fame 


A 


4 


■It 


b 


1 


"i 


*7 




an 


wo 


I 


\ 




I. 


u 


> 


invenifJe dicuntur 


T 


L I 




ix in 


is 






therefore no reafon to think that thefe grottos were tombs 


h 




that the Perfians ever made ufe of fuch pla 


n 




i 




or 


d 


Nitocris. 


9 - 


I 


r. 




m 


V 




J 


I 


-! 










r 


* 


► 


r 


were 

from whence, as well as 




I 


I 


\ 


from the devices upon the 




cities 






J 


I 


\ 


"i 


■■ 


i 


P 


were 


i 


r i 


L_ J 






aces of burial: which is 


n 


i 


K 


to 




I 


J 


h 


i 


O; ret tb M/0ra fjcu^^iet 7ret(>ct'f'tf'ovr€$ Xsyucrt 


■"i 


v ex, rcrSTpas yeysvxcrcu cojtgv 




-cTvftetiQV xaXBm top tcwqv. Cum Tyrphone Dialog, p* 168 

He (peaks of people—narrows, otb top M tQgap Bymorav 9 G'mnXcu# 

IXwpMW' Porphyry de Antro Nympharum. p. 263 

Juftin Martyr fupra 

Scholia upon Statius. Thebaid. 1 , 1, v. 720 


1 


L m j 


kJ 


a-J 




n 


1 1 


j 


L . 


id 


_ 1 


V 




% 


\ 


£1 


h 


r l 


Y 


Seu Penei' de rupibus Antri 

Indignata fequl torqueritem cornua Mithran 

1 

Plutarch: Alexander, p. 703. and Arrian, 11 . vi. p. 273 

49 Herodotus. 1 .1. c. 187 

I 4 

I 

** Thevenot. Part 2d. p. 144,146 

Some fay that Thevenot was never but of Europe: confequently the travels 

which go under his name were the work of another perfon: for they have many 

curious circutriftances. which could not be mere fi&ion. 


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1 


Ih 







The Analysis of Ancient Mytholog 


i 8 


rr 


o 


X & 


r 


r 


IAcco"— 

may 




4- 


think, we 




nonces 

know for certain 
was a name given to 




the purport of the term Iftachar, which 


Chufiftan from 




in 


the Deity there worfhipped. It ftands near the bottom of 


the hills with the caverns in a widely extended plain: which 


I make no doubt is the celebrated plain of the magi men- 


. j 


tioned above 




to correct a miftake in Maximus Tyrius 




Ihip among the Perfians, fays, that it was attended 

with acclamation 


hre-woi 




in 


rs 


3 






43 


P 


was 










undoubtedly EHeftie, the name of the God of fire 


The addrefs was 


mi 






changed to O Fire, come, and feed 


fire, Heftius: which is 

¥ 

The iiland Cyprus was of old called 44 Ceraftis, and Ce 
raftia; and had a city of the fame name 

of Amathus 








was 




and mention 

e. As Ion ef 


known by the 


name 


more 


made of cruel rites pradtifed in its 4S tempi 




is 


prevailed, the inhabitants were ftiled Ce 


as the former name 


were more 


fo denominated j and who were at laft extirpated for their 


41 Herodotus* 1, iv. c. 69 

K«/ 6 UBffl FJg fi&CU 


4s 


TTUgl) $7T\ (pOgWT€£ CCUT& TW TOM TPC(p>jVy BTiXByQVTHy 

Uu : , Aea-Troicti ec&f?. Maximus Tyrius# Differs 8.p, 83 

See Lycophron. v. 447. and Stephan tis. 

£<5 ovcl Kuttpb. Nonni Dio.nyf. 1 . iv 

Hofpes erat ccefus. Ovid. Metamorph. 1. x. v. 228 


s 


r 1 


44 






4 ? 


F 1 


.. J 






1 


1 4 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


220 


cruelty. The poets imagining, that the term Ceraftae 


re 


lated to a horn, fabled that they were turned into bulls 




46 








U< 




US 


era cornu 

Frons erat, unde etiam nomen traxere Ceraftae. 

name in 






Euboea, exprefled Ca 


ryftus, where the (tone 47 Afbeftus was 


made a kind of cloth, which was fuppofed to be proof againft 


hre, and to be clean fed by that element 


the name is plain 

fords, us a 


and the natural hiftory of the place af 


L. j 




reafon why it 


impofed. For this 


was 


we are 


and fays, that it was noted for its hot 






mination 


os 








ftreams: 48 Caryftos aquas calentes habet, quas E XXoffiag 


We may therefore be affured, that it was called 


vocant 


k J 


Car-yftus from the Deity of hre, to whom all hot fountains 


were facred 


r 1 


K 


another name of the lame Deity. Caryftus, Ceraftis, Ce 


■ 1 


rafta. are 


or 


3 


Afta, the God of hre 


Cerafta in the 


01 








m 


Chuliftan. Some places had the fame term in the compo 

lition of their names 




niled K vpog } Curos 


c 


oun 




r i 


and one 






ria 


over 


ovince was 




was woi 


c 


46 Ovid. Ibidem 




41 Strabo. 1 . 10. p. 684 

43 Solinus. cap. 17. Pliny takes notice of the city Caryftus. Euboea—Urbi 
bus clara quondam Pyrrha, Oreo, Gerasfto, Caryfto, Oritano, &c. aquilque cal 
lidis, quae Ellopice vocantur, nobilis. 1 . 4. c. 12 


I 


■ j 




hence 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


23 ° 

hence named Curefta, and Cureflica, from K-Vg Sol 

Heflius 


I 


L" J 










a were 


S 


lowed the fame manner of worship, as was pradifed 


. J 


in 


Perils, The rites 




I 


J 






its tu 


to 




r 


4 


J 


J 


h 


telary Deity, and called Caftabala. This 


J 


L 


i 


is a 


am com 


I 


J 


1 


u 




b> 


by the Syrians was called Baaltis. Ana 




I 


as 




Bala was the Goddefs of fire; and the fame cufloras pre 
vailed here, as at Feronia in Latium. The female atten 

dants in the temple ufed to walk with their feet bare over 

X ^ 


■> 


r i 


A 


J 


k. 


Such is the nature of the temple named Iflacher ; and of 


n 




r 


4 


P 


h 


cred to Mithras, and were made ufe of for his rites 

make a diflindion between Mithras, Mithres, and Mithra 


Some 


L 


J 


I 


chief God of the Perfians 

who were to be initiated, were confined for a long feafon in 


l* 




this appointed term they underwent,, as. fome fay, 


ei 








L 


** Ev ro/5 Ka^ah(x.\oi^ to *tm Tlegcurtus Agroirov cpotcri ra& 

lepextt ryufAvois rTrotTi ctvftctnictv Strabo. 1 * 12. p. 8n 

M<0P«5 o riAios'srctpct n^cra/5. Hefych 

^ 

Mithra. was the fame. Elias Cretenfis in Gregorij Theologi Opera.. 






I 


j 


r 


i 


h 


; 't&pgotqs z? riepaat* ©&j$, Ibidem 

i b 




I 




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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


233 


I " . 


ceeded from a cave. Such was the tradition, which they had 


received ■ and which contained in it matter of importance 


* ^ 


h d 


confecrated a natural cavern in Perns to Mithras, the creator 


He was followed in this pradtic 


s. 




who dedicated to the Deity places of this 


by othe 


55 


na 


P 






k ■ 






either fuch as were 


nature 


T 


ture 






* 




P J 


Thofe* of which we have 

were pro 


made fo by the art of man 


or 


■" * 


J 


exhibited by the writers above, 


en 


ecnnens 


They are modern, if com 


rus 


r 1 


[ 




They are noble relics of Perfic 


antiquity in refpedt to us 


archite&ure, and afford.us matter of great curiofity 


r ’ 


L' j 


<xAAo*$ <xprpo)V Ttai 




Mstcc /g T'dTGV TOP p0pm* %p CUT )UT OtV T0$ KCCi 

(nryhctitov 3 sir ovp ctvro^vcoi^ eirs %etpo 7 roMTG)p) Ta? tsXstccs ctTro^tf'opcLi* Porph 

de Antro Nymph, p. 108. The purport of the hiftory of Mithras, and of the 

from whence he proceeded, I ihall hereafter fhew. Jupiter was nurfed in a 

cotravT&s xctt w By 


jf 


'ETCLP 






cave 


and Proferpine, Kom nurfed 




in a cave 


cave 








Tp&) TpB(pBt T 71 V KogyV (AtSTCt NtJ[A(p€ 0 V* XCCt GtAAct TQtGCUTCC WgWCTSl Tfi B'W'IWV 

IkoKoyw. Porph. ibid. p* 254 


CCl 


r 


TGt Ton 1 




I 


r 


VOL 


4 




r i 


L-. 


r 






ri 


r 


i 


1 




4 






i 


i 





Ancient Mvtho 


The Analysis of 


r 


OGf. ■ 


to 


o , 




and 


m 




were 

to be the refidence 










er den 


o 




mination he was fpecified, which 


was 


light. For thefe oracles no place was of more repute than 


the oracle of the 


or 




Sun. But the Greeks, who changed Al-omphi to 




manner fcill more ftrange: for 


L 


t 


perverted thefe terms in 


a 


own 








A 


a 


origi 

in all parts of the 


/ 


>5 




nal word 
world 

their miftake 




and always invented fome ftory to countenance 




Hence, whenever we meet with an idle ac 




count of a navel, we may be pretty fure that there is fome 


that it was the umbilicus, or center of the whole earth. The 


poets gave into this notion without any difficulty : Sopho 


At Delos: 0?iVfj.7rBtov y r ottos w Aj/A&i. Stephanas Byzantinus* E<pv kcci 

n&fJL(pvhtas 

Libya was called Olympia. Stephanas Byzant 

The moon called Olympias: C H yeep Xehmi 

xctAeiTar* Eufebii Chron* p. 45, 1 . 10. 

f 

The earth itfelf called Olympia by Plutarch, who mentions tw Vm OXu^tux. 

hpov in Thefeus, by which is meant the temple qf the Prophetic Earth 

Many other inftances might be produced 

Sophocles': CEdipus Tyrannus. v. 487 


• n 






Aiyinmotf zvptas OAy/4Tfotf 


7TCCP 


* 


/* 






l i 


tt 


• . 


v. 3 






Pind. Pyth. Ode 


an tilt. 


* 










Onm 


j j 


fcf 


I 




L 


1 


n 







i 



I 


h 



I 


•l 


I 


K 


I- 





I 




The Analysis 


Ancient Mythology 


247 


r 1 


L- 


ora 


cle of a Deity, the Grecians, 


have before mentioned 


as 




Thefe terms were thought to relate to a navel: but,, if fuch 


an 




yet that hiftory could not have 




one 


ace, 




y 






nor 




was 

Eh the oracle of God, the feat of divine influence 

was a name 
ces upon the fame account 

Theflalv 

tf 

wooded om 


36 




given to mountains and eminen 




An oracle Was given to Pelias 




and whence did it proceed? from the well 


in 








1 




8 01 KPVOSV 


IlVKlVOd 


60 






tl 












1 




010 


fiwe 




■ 




y 


■. ■ *, 1 




of Heftia. 






ove 


A 




r 


* 








i 




i 


s 


oracular ten 


where flood an 


1 








of Ammon, which Curtius 


In refoedt to the 


1 


d with gold and jewels 


* ^ 


and iranu;. 




* * 


cus 




L. 




o 














in terms, as m tne many 


f 


a. 






original is manifeft from 
called Olympias i and that 

ir yap 

KOtTCC /JLiU’CC 'F* ‘g/'otTOA; V TO V 

OATMfTON SKahiv. Chronicon. p. 45> 

The reafon given is idle : but the fa A to worth attending to 

Olympus was 

Pindar, Pyth* Ode 4. p. 2.41 


That Olympus and Olympia were of Egyptian 

Eufebius j who tells us 5 that in Egypt the moon was 

the heavens had anciently the name of Olympus 






the Zodiac in 


Trap AiyvTTTiGts OAt^ 7 zna 5 xccAsitcu^ c vict to 

Z CtxS'ia.x.cv xuxKov* ov ci -wa.Aa.ioi avTav 




i 


9 
















f 


in fiances 




4 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


248 


ioftances before. It was Omphi El, the oracle of Ham 


or 






the Sun : and the fhrine, from whence it 


was 


carried in a boat. The Pater®, reprefented 


as 


was 






fo many lilver bafons, 


were in re 


oracle. They were the pnefts, who 


in 




image and the 


walked on each hde, 

boat, in which it was carried 


They are laid to have been 


r 


bear the Deity 


to 


ei 


r 




£3 




about, juft as they 


'me 

is carried about in a 


were 


God , fays 38 Diodorus Sicul us 






0 








o'tjtv or ms 


r 




► 


iS 


A 


as the divine automaton 




the Petipharaa of the ancient 


as 


were 


Egyptians, but were called Paterae by the Greeks 


It was 


r 


and office, by which the priefts of Delphi, and of 


a name 






k — ■ 


r 1 


L J 


39 Pater®, 




P 


1 




J 




Jofeph, and the dreams of Pharaoh, more than once makes 

ufe of it in the fenfe above 


occurs Genefis 


8 


41. v 




r i 


L 


J 


L J 


V 


' 1 


1 


L j 


L. 


** Emi vseos mepnpscsrai wverns vmo 'itpcov oyS'ouxovToc. (o ©gos). Ouroi S'i Smt 

rruv cofJLCov <pepot>TesToi> decv mpootyti(riv ctvTCficzTtx)S } otts a.yci to t8 oea veu/jut 

7 ropeiav. Diodorus. 1 . 17. p. 528 

It is obfervable, that this hiftorian does not mention 
that it was a ftatue, fcai'ej', which was carried about 

39 Bochart. Canaan. 1 . j. c. 40 


TOP 


r 1 


omphalus: but lays, 


r 




r i 


divine 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


249 








lans 




was communicated to Pharaoh by a dream: for the Omphi 


efteemed not only a 


verbal refponfe, but alfo an inti 


was 


OVBl 


F " ^ 


bius; who quotes 


paflage from the oracles of I-Iecate 


a 


J 


are re 


as 


1 


i 


the air like an Omphean vifion 




41 


S7TS 


CtYiTOU; 

7 ONEfPOTS 




were 


wherefore the title of Pa 

names 


Y 




* I 


tor is 1 








of the apoftle Peter: Uergor, 0 sttiXvm, 




. j 


tation in 


name 




£7riyivoo crw. Hefych. Petrus Hebrseo fermone agnofcens 


0 


From thefe examples we may, I think, learn 

was fliled Petor, and Pator: and that it was 


notat. Arator 


The Coloffal 


which properly was called Patora 






I 


ftatne of Memnon in the Thebais was a Patora, or oracular 


image. There are many infcript 


and are to- be feen 


which were copied by Dr. Pocock 


42 


It 






They are all of late date 


m 




% 








Scliol. on Homer. Iliad- B. v. 41 


Os ice J'&.-v, c g<pi' ova.0 

Eufebius. Praep. Evang. 1 . 5.. p.. 194 




• 4 ® 


.0 - 




4 1 






One title of Jupiter was nctvc i u<pctto 

En avo[Ji<pcaco 

AraPanomphseo vetus<eftfacrataTonanti, Ovid* Mecaniorph..l. it* 
Pocock’s Egypt, p. 108 Plate xlii 


Horner. Iliacu ©* v. 250: 


c 


A ycuoi 


s 










Y 


Kk 




VOL. I 


m 


p 1 


I 












































I" 









The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


2 U 




LJ 




r account 


a 


WKj *0U 




■i 






54 


Oil 


r 


A 






70V 


AOV 








i 


r 


rnictLions were on 

e at 




&L 70V 


70V 


r n 


: j 




+ 






es 


<una 




£3 




i 








r 


which is a 






ftiled 55 


innira 


oDiiron 




is 




11-Ur, the divine influence, or oracle of Orus 

near 


t 






■_j 


Olympia in Elis: for many 


this name there was a city 


places were in this manner denominated, on account of their 

Fhocis was the 


being efteemed the feat of prophecy 


r 


a, famous for 


5 <» 


1 


m 




57 




ence 




A H 


Phocis had Dion 

't 

I 

there cele 


known for its 58 oracle. Amphiclea 


59 


in 


ufus for its guardian Deity, whole orgies 


w 


i 


L_.. 


L 


brated ; and whofe Ihrine was oracular 


r i 


. . J 


rj 


,4 Cohortatio. p. io 

Lycophron. v 

J Paufanias. L. io. p. 896 

Hence the prophetic Sibyl in Virgil is ftiled Arnphryfia vates, Virgil 

iEn. L. 6. v. 368 

5 * Plin. L. 4. c. 12. Strabo 

fxavTsiov our on 

Aiytra.1 m ro t cop A,upix/\ei(cov y.avTiv [t£ acetal top Qsop t 8 tov, acti Coil 

Paufanias. L. 10. p. 884. The 


1 1 


1 j 


is 


63 


>ii 


? 






* 


10. Called Mallus, by Paufanias Ev 


r 1 


l. i 


I. p. 84 






r 


0ov vocron xcx,v.;cfa.vca — 7rpoTins d'i o ,t$osus S^i 




city was alfo called' Ophitea 


t 


r n 




■_1 


t 


imagine 


►j 


r 


I 


1 



4 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


j 








to the 


or 


o 




T.' 


i_ j 


WGft&y Macro, 

s<r7r sts , Macrae 

■S VIQV 




I 


4 






J 


Aa<pi Afwwwou ; 






*3 


H 


I 1 




introduced in Ionia, and alio in Cyprus and Phenida, 


were 

when the Grecians were in 




were ufed in the room of the ancient hymns, which 


were 


not underftood by the new inhabitants. One of them is con 


L 


fefledly addreffed to the Goddefs called Venus Ourania 


in 


i 




J 


64. 


a era 




i 










> 1 




a 




S 


* 






■H 


KSV <TSIO KOU 




L. J 




We meet with the like in the Orphica 


65 




A/Jityi pLctVTeiaseJctw 'TrQhv'&xeiQQVctS QPfJB 

OyptoVy Otwiwv re. Argonautica 

So in Pindar. KsAaeforn fj.01 ctf/.<pt Ktvupacv. Pych. Ode 
We have the fame from the Tripod itfelf 

Aftipt tfs rh/Ba'i xcti 






V- 33 


I 






2. p. 203 




KAa^y fAjx.vrivvLa.Toc. Apollo de d efe ct u Ora 

culor. apud Eufebium. Praep. Evang. 1. 5. c. 16. p. 204. , 

Hymn to Venus of Salamis. See Homer Didy 
The names of the facred hymns, as mentioned by Proclus in his Xpv<ro/jahx 3 
were YUuavtSy AiO^aufc?, AtfW/s, Io Bocjc^oj', ,r T7rog% i )if/.a7cc 3 E yuafAioty Eux 

Tixct. Photius. c. 236. p. 983 


I 


P 


M 




VOl* 2 * p. 528 


mi 




t 


L . 


1 


11 


, 



THE 


r i 

L"' J 




"I 


p 


vou <poun 

uius was 'ThriUmbus. Ham 


67 


J 


ccvTOV mo 


v 




ev a- 


w 


r 




1 




V 


I 


h 


f 


r - 


that one 0 


. J 


1 


men to 




I 


■■ 


« * 


1 


* ' 




l" 


h 


4 


P 


I 




* 


"l - 


h 


■1 


r 


h 


4 


4 


m 


I 


rj 


I 




I 


4 


I 


"I 


was fti'led 




I 




I 






"l 


uence 6 


4 


4 


■■ 


I 




n r 




in co 

:li was the fame term as 






P 


"1 


I 


H 




h 


4 




■"H ^ rf" 

r*« , 


:. of 


4 


I 


4 


I 


* 


I* I 




k 


r 


1 


'k 


* 


} 




1 


cc 


1 


> 






> 


I 


? 




I \ k p 

From the name Iambi came the 


K- 






*1 


"i 


I 


A 


ll 




I 


I 


> 


h 


. 4 

■P .■ 


4 


0? Iambus. m 


* ■■ 


i 


r T 


L 


L 


I 


t 


■■ 


4 


I 


7 


I 


r 

r 






h 


4 


I 


> 


■■ 


Tithrambo, which 

There 

concern 


68 


I 


h 


I 


I P- 


I 


H 


P 


A 




is the fame name as 


? 




1 


P 


4 


h/ 


•h 


J 


* 




j 


* 


1 


I- 


* * 


' i. 


4 


4 


4 




I 


I 






4 


P 




I 


I 


I 




h 


I 


E 


1 


r 


■■ 






h 




4 


r 


e in 

name of Iannis, and alfo concerning 

as oracular. 69 


is a 


1 




1 _ 


r 






1 




V 


L 


I 








I 


ing Ham, under the 






h 








I 




4 


"l 




I 


i 


"l 


e, which is 


K- 


f 


4 


l 




1 




1 


1 


> 


v t 




r 


A 


■" ■! 


I 


1 


I 


■f - 


h 


1 


4 




\ 


1 1 


/ 




I 


► 


I. 


fc 


P 


K 


P 




a 1 h 


4 


h 




■J 






1 


J 


j 


:■ 


J 


i: 


1 


JO, 


£V 








t 


* . 




i 


L 


4 




r 






1 


There was in Oh 


* 


- i 


f 






l 


•1 






1 


1 




m 


1 


4 




* 




Y 


h 


i 


J 


I 


k 


P 


J 


V 


I 


I 


H 








4 


h 


h 




4 - 




4 


I 


* 


or pro 


tn 


Pta y an ancient 


a r, 


e e 




w 




I 


r 


which Jamus is fuppofed to 


1 


1 


fi 






1 






acre 


re 


P 




\ 


I 


I 


H J 


I 


I 




a Jet oj 

> M ^ " 

was in 

were the 70 Iamidse 








+ 




called Iamid(8. I cllloi (i§^(/iyog 


A. 


1 


1 


■■ 


I 


re 








i 


* 


i 


J 


i 


x 


"1 


h 


h 






J. 


J 




I 


3 fa 


r 


QU 


h 


i- 


■ 4 


p 




1 


"S 


"i 








6 l 


Diodarus Siculus. 1. 5. p. 213 

1. 

Epiphanius—adverfus Hasref. 1 . 3. p ; 1093 

** Pindar. Olympic Ode vi. P -53 

lam us fuppofed by Pindar to haye been the fon of Apollo •» but he was the- 

■* ■■ a- s >. 1 ^ 1 .* ■■ _i t " S J " 1 < 








1 


*4 






■1 


A 


f 


i 


I 


1 


h 




■. 




ir 




r 


1 


j 


l 




1 


fame as Apollo,.and Ofiris. E 

Ev 6 e£ 


< 




h 


■1 


I 


1 


L 




V 




■J 


d 


k 


h 


■l 


r 


Oi. OiTTCLffi 

©airati^oy J'icTu/Aoj' fmnoa-vms ('AttoAA&ji'). Ibid. p. 53 

Of the Ianiidas, fee Herodotus. 1 

K«AA(ok t«k Iauid'scot' y,a,vTiv.'. 


4 


4 


s 


y. c. 44,1. ix.’ c. 33 




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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


266 


' 1 






mns 




m 






c 






to n 


and Artemis,, far fam’d 


Latona s name 


For her fleet arrows, and unerring bow 




r l 


► 


1 


Crowds around 










i 






■P 


f 






The Delians mimick all who come: to them 




L J 


Such are their winning ways: fo fweet their foag 


r 1 


l J 


ces ufed to be of various.kinds! 






or cakes,, which were generally de 








I 






. j 


ion to 


curious 1 


on 


and Wheeler, which belonged to. fome.obelifk or temple upon 


1 

i 1 


It was found on the Afiatic. fide 


orus 






before- 

to whom it was ihfcribed’ was the 


> 


fame as that above 5 but called by another title, Aur, and 

Our; 11a 




. m 








■L 


acceptation fo as to. refer, to another element 




•♦To izoov to diire%kt 


CC7T0 TS B uFctVTl'S 

T'Gvotcitqv tv ^q^ol tb fTo^TB Kccteusyov 


ytVQVTQLt cT'g f/J&tCL tq* 

Anon. Defcript. PontiEuxini 




P 36 




c 


xcu 


I 1 








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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


<9 


70 




Cippi and Obelilks 


were 




to be found in their temples, where for many ages 


were 


rude flock or ftone ferved for a reprefentation of the 


a 






were 


!■ 






Ik 




r 1 






22 


L j 


WOI 






J * 


and Paufanias in 

ettus in 


Bceotia, tells us that there was no ftatue in it, 




3 


nor 


any work of art, but merely a rude ftone after the 


manner 


Tertullian crives a 




o 


1 


and Pallas. Pallas Attica, et Ceres H Phrygia—quae .fine effi. 


gie, rudi palo, et informi fpecie proftant 


Juno of Samos 


was little better than' a 15 




ens 




I 


trees bear a faint likenefs to the human fabric: roots likewife 

and fprays .are -often fo fantaftic in their evolutions as to be- 

b. 

tray a remote refemblance. The ancients feem to have taken 




The like province was attributed to the fuppofed filter of Apollo, Diana: Ju 
piter tells her 


zai jj.sv ctyiiaii 


E<x<r;i v.cii ?\i[j.tvtacriv iimiKOTroi. 

And in another place 


r. I 


_ d 


a 


* 1 


/ 


T tw TrToh&vpcc xca %x svct TJvpyov 


QTxTCLtTGw 

Callimachus. Hymn ; to Diana 




i. _i 


Ibid 


v. 259 


GU CL 




CCXp £U0 wCU TOSV' CtyCChfiCtT(t)V G'^crm^ XL0VCL9 l^'CtVT€9 01 TCC 

hctiQt Z<r£‘ oBV 009 U(pl^pvJJLCCTft 7 # 0gy 

Ql>TO$ cu^si Cty Ct\JJLCtT Q9 GUV 

fan. 1. 9. p. 757 

Alfo of the Thefpians : Key trcpiciv ciyaX/xa ttcl 7 \cli ot clt ov i^iv apyos A* 0 o$ 

P- 761. 


mtvye ouv 




Clemens Alexand. 1 . i* p> 410 

cTfe ctoyB 




M 




Pau 


ccPXaUQV 


KO.TCC TO 






/■ 


I 


_ I J f 

Tertullian adverfus Gentes. 1 

* 

15 K* 1 t of#* X«.p.tcts 'Hpa$ T/>oregov nv trocyis. Clemcntis Cohort* p. 40 




4 


c. 12 






r 4 






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and with bo.ughs qf oak 


an altar 






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age weave, to deck it rourjd 


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The fame cirpumftance is 

where 

j- 1 Wf ■ I h 


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8* and the vine 






*7 


nautics 






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?60 








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B7Fig‘Ct l }JI£Vf0S 

The Amazonians were a 


sots 




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very ancient people, who wor 


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charader of a fe 






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Ex more 


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Orphic Argonaut, v. 605 

Pliny, 1 . 16, mentions fimulacrum vitigineum 

Callimachus. Hymn to Diana 

r 

U(>sftpov ~-ttccu 

TTf 05 T51 Q/'/l 7rg6/AIW, Hefychius. 

nptfj.n «era/, sx-pi^uuai. Ibidem 


11 


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2 37 








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J'gvJVs to yvpctcntop' n to ccfAwt/W 


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The Analysis .of Ancient Mythology 


79 






J 


had its name 


r Bitumen nafcitur 
ris voratus, fluent 

is, emergit 


r. 1 


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prope lac 

fubterraneus 




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ens 


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1 


There was an ifland 

i T r-n 

-r 

river Indus, which 

was facred to the Sun, and {tiled Gubile 47 Nympharum 

non animal abfumitur. In Athamania was 

;i£eum; and near it a 

to it 

J ' - 3 ^ 

matter, 

and this too was named 49 Nymphasum 

mentions, that in Seleucia, ftiled 




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of the like nature at the mouth of the 






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vmo 




s. or 


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fountain of fire, which confirmed things brought near 






la was an 


i 


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like that in Aflyria 


L- 1 


T he fame 




Pieria, there was a 


i 


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5 ° Xl]K 


r 


or 






1 


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1 


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i 


A 


7 \svou,spYjV. The hot ftreams 


s effluvia near Puteoli 
It was efleemed a place 


J 


r 


and lake Avernus are well known 


faid 




a t 




iaic 


I 


b 


I 


to have here refided 


S 1 


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s 


i 


to 


wm Dnaeu m 


:e was a 




V 


5 * 


F " 


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L 


p 


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46 Marcellintis. 1 . 23. p. 285 

Pliny. 1 . 6, p. 326. 

7, p. 48 7 


F 




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4 


48 Strabo. 1 


See Antigoni'Caryflii Mirabilia. p. 163 








49 Ep t>i twv ATroAAficJwaTWJ' kscA£*t«/ ti 

amJWWa’ u?r 




TTa 


j^A/a^c? AcrtpceAw. Strabo. 1 . 7. ,p. 407 




«ut?i cPg xow&t p 

Strabo. Ibidem. L 7. ,p. 487, He fnppofes, that it was called Ampelitis from 

.aju,7reAos 5 the vine: becaufe its waters were good to-kill vermin. Axes t*?s tpfteipi 

wo-fls a^TreAa. A far fetched etymology. Neither Strabo,,nor -Pofidonius, whom 

vhe quotes, confiders that the term is of Syriac original 




8 cn 


y * 






L .. 


11 Philoftrati vita Apollonii. 1 . 8 . c. 4. p. 410 


ha ve 


h 


h 


e 








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The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


o 






was ef 
e of the tem 




J.' i 








iou s rite 

it was exhibited: but in 


a r 




r 






and vagrants, called Petau 


ro 


ers 


were 


riftse, and Petauriftarii5 who made ufe of 


cl 


X 


m 






c 


mention 3 and their feats are alluded to by Juvenal 




Manilius likewife sives an 


obferved fome remains of the ori 
















ue 


am mas oroejque 

inane imitantia motu, 

"I 

in aere ludunt 

I have {hewn, that the Paterse, or Friefts, were fo denomi 


E 




A 












r 1 




L 


■ "_l 


t 


s of the Sun 


Patera, and Petora 

U 

which in aftertimes were called Petra, and afcribed- to other 

Gods. Many of them for the fake of mariners were erected 1 

the fea: hence the term 


1 






and eminences near 




at length to fignify any rock m ftone. 


ffSTgct, petra, came 


and to be in a manner confined 


taken in a religious fenfe 3 and related to 


fir ft ages it was 


ever 

the {hrines of Ofiris 


the Sun, and to the oracles,, which 


01 


sr 


Juvenal. Sat. 14.. v. 265 
. ;** Manilius. 1 . 5..V..434 






w ere: 


4 


Ancient Mythology 


L 


The Analysis of 


2 -B 8 


4 




X 




n ear 


to 


•were 


JKJi 


*3 


rock, but a huge mound 


or hil 


Pi fa, though no 




Q?wu 7 na) was of old 


m 


yap top 

termed Petra, as relating to oracular influence. Hence Pin 




M 




who was fuppofed to have been 


I * 




con 






came to 


to Uiv 


s 


t 








0 


ro 


e 


s a t 






r 




5 C 


1A C 


V 


010 


V 








t 


5 C 




0< WTT&TS 

01 / MANTOSTNAS 

h 

; Elibatos, was a favourite term with 








. J 


The word HAibaroc 






adhere to it religioufly, and introduce it wherever they have 






It was the 


Bat, and figniiies folis domus, vel 


*•5 


um 


i_ .J 


I 


wor 




name 


e 




I 


In like manner the word Petra had in great meafure 

wonderful to obferve how induf- 


;ed 






k 

* 






Phavorinus 






H 0 \u<M 7 na TrfiMTov Kpoi'isi Xotya sXsyero. Scholia in Lycophron. v. 42 

oviov re vam As (pov. Pindar. Olymp. Ode 5, p. 43 


1_1 




■v 


V-yi 

Pindar. Olympic Ode 6 . p. 52. 

Apollo was the fame as Iamiis} whofe .priefts were the Iamidae, the nioft an 
tient order in Greece 






♦ 


I 


It is a word of Amonian original, analogous to Eliza-bet, Bet-Armus, Bet 

Junius in India, PhainoBeth in Egypt 


U 






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Ancient- Mythology 


The Analysis of 


94 


n 




h 




and comparing: 

X 






By laying 
tiicm. we may 




t 










I 


O 


c 


I think, not 


. 1 


.-s 








take corififted; butlikewife explain the grounds, from 


t 


wnence 

us to the detec- 


the miftake arof 

tion of other fallacies 
may hence learn the re 

II SifisuoL Petr 




* 


C 






We 






L 


o 


m 


n 


CL 


C lii 




We read of 35 




o 


)t 7 ?£ 7 g a g 

was 


c 


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M/V hr as 


^7 


i 






L 


The fan 


really a rock 


jCTt 


or cavern 

ailed in foine decree in the weft 


r 


L 




may judge from 


as we. 


pre 


rr 


V c 




at Milan, which was dedicated 36 Her 






an ancient 

culi in Petra 


ion 


r 


But all Deities were not fo wormiped 


and 

name Petra was no other than the facred term Pe- 




.4 


t 


1 


¥ 






1 * 1 


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tora, given to a cavern, as 

oracular 


m 


an 






And fome reverence to places of this fort 


1 




T 


time 


was 


a 




V 




I, 


to 


Ch 


a 




v 


no more 


T* 


III 


l 


fame light we may poftibly explain 


1 


1 




cere: ant 


le 


*2 r 








entering into compacts 

The oak was 




-i 


under oaks, and rocks, as places of 38 fecurity 




h 


Juftin.'Martyr ad Tryphonem. p. 168. The rites of Mithras were Ailed Pa 






* 




tnca 






Grater. Infcri'pt. p„ xlix 
Indiculus Paganiarum in 

See dn Frefne Glofs. and Hoffman. Petra. ' 

I'Mulius Chriftianus ad fana, vel ad Petras vota leddere praefumat 

a/*’ 07ro 7 rcTPW 

m'Oeos ts, - 

wofas t oaei^eroy aAKt\Koicn r. Homer, Iliad 

IMTdiy <f njAnyopoi) sti ra Ai9* ouvuvtss. Hefychius 






n. 2 


r • 




K 


V 


Conftho Leptinenfi ad ann. Chrifti 743 


■.a 


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1 


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t.' 


■j 


4 


1* 


1 


j • 


* 


h 


-■• .- B- -P ' 




■T- 


ti: 


: V 


■ 


V . 


4r. 


1 


-1 ■ 


*■*■ ■ 


f . : 


■,_ 


■ s -J- 


t > 


S: 


w 


■*. 


1 . 


' S 


s. 


■l . 1 


H, v v S///7S // 


* 
















































































































































































































































































































The Analysis'Of Ancient Mytholog 




2 9 S 

and Petra in its original 




J 


Li . 


► 




o 


fs 


L 


this term was not confined to a rock or casern r every ora- 

Hence it pro¬ 
ceeded that fo many Gods were called ®soi Ustpczioi, and 


cular temple was ftiled Petra, and Petora 




|J 




L+0 


cams UsTgcu 8 : under which title Neptune was worshiped 


but the latter was the 




more common 


3 


IT 


title. We meet in Paufanias with Apollo Patroiis, and with 

j alfo 41 Bacchu 
and Vefta Patroa. together with 


40 






Zeus Patrou 

other inftancesi 




■6 






O 


( b 


The Greeks, whenever they met with this term 


. ' J 


even in 




the moft remote, always gave it an interpretation ac 


\ 


1 


their own preconceptions; and 






ex 


to 


I 


COl 


* ? 


wot. the oracular Deities 


t * 


or 


Y 








Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 248 


$9 


L j 




notreifuv ttcc-po. ©grraAo/s. Scholia ibidem 

reprefented. by a pyramid: Artemis by a pillar.. UuoapS'i 

MgiA3* S £ movi g'T'iP Paufan. 1 . 2. p 

41 Paufanias. 1 . 1. p. 104 

■ According to the acceptation, in which I underftand the term, we may account 
for fo many places.in the eaft being ftiled Petra. Perfis, and India, did not abound 

with rocks more than Europe 


ileTfaioS Tiju.arai 

4 * Zeus' was 




"1 


0 


122 




r • 


J 


yet in. thefe parts, as well as in the neighbouring 
• there Is continually mention made of Petra: fuch as Ustpo, XitrtuAs 

m Egypt: IltTpx N aSctraia in Arabia 
in ihe hiftory of Alexander : ->tat Fhrocc^ 








regions 

Sos;diana, Petra Aornon in India a 

O / , 

p. 787* Petra Abates 
Many places called Petra occur 




(fjgTgarX oi 


xcti rnv ra 




4 


m 




Strabo. 1 . n 




p 1 




P 


Strabo. 1 . 11. p. 787. They were inr reality facred 

fhiped j -which in aftertimes were fortified 

n 

.is was originally of the fame nature. The 


ecv^vtxs cQq^pcc ex nrger 




<7fcC0 




J 


where of old they wor 


eminences 

Every place ftiled Arx and Axpirot 
fame is to be obferved of thofc ftiled Purgoi 






the 


T, 


Analysis of Ancient Mythology. 










^notion two a 


re n e 


in 






Deities are 




ATAI B Q, A Q, KAI M A A A X BHAS 1 

© E O I X, 


4 




( 


r.. 1 


L- 




Cyrus in his expedition agatnft the Medes is reprefented 


as 






making vows 


mi xoic aX 


+3 


3 


Xoig ©£0&, But the Perfians, from whom this hiftory 


is pre- 

iumed to be borrowed, could not mean by thefe terms Dii 




Patrii: for n 






to 


more unnec 


1 






•of a Perfic prince, that the homage, which he payed, was to 


It is a thing of courfe, and to be taken for 


Perfic Deities. 






A 


4 


r i 




h 'j 








His vows were made to Mithras, who was 




na 


tions in the eaft Pator ; liis temples 


were Patra, and Petra 

a proper account of 

lean, or oraGular 














the Petra, when he re 




ts it as 




1 


■i 


44 


w 








c 






J 








( 




At Patarain 

Achaia had its name from divination, for which it was fa 

mous 




in 


cia was an 


T 


ra 


£ 

Lj 


o 


t 


I 










T1 I 


a 


erore 


e is 


o 


an or achy which never is known to fail 




m 


e 


1 


J 


■i 


Gruter. Infcript. lxxxvi. n, 8 

Xenophon. K vqhtcliS'g 

Npnnus. Dionyfiac. 1 . ix. p. 266 

^ Paufonias. ]* 7. p. 577 


AX 






43 


CL* 




i 






44 




F * 


The 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


297 






ancient times ufed to pre 


e in 






the temple; efpecially every fpecies of confecrated bread, 


If it was an oracular 


temple of Alphi, the loaves and cakes 


were 


P .1 


p I 


47 




P 




in 


honour of'Ham-crus had the name of 45 Homoura, Amora 


►J 


i 


Tliofe facred to Peon, the God of light, 


and Omoritae 

were called 50 Piones 




Cauones, Xavuvsg. From Pur-Ham, and Pur 


of the Sun 


5 1 


46 AA$lTON, to cl7to vect$ %n cn tb i n<puo^vov aAeufov. Heiychius 

eAaia> ^e^evfJLBva* Hefych 

yrvpoi fefeufj&vot, Heiychius 




AAffmfc fjLtXtTi xcu 

OMI1AI, Octree 

OMDIA, ireavTo^ctircL r£> coycc Aict> Ibidem 

If it was expreffed Amphi, the cakes were Amphitora, Amphimantora, Am 
phimafta : which feetn to have been all nearly of the fame compofition 

AM$A 2 MA, 4 'OUT* oiV V SeGpeyfjjvcL 

48 Fine flour had the facred name of Ador, from Adorns the God of day 




47 


XCtl 






r 1 


lb dem 










r 1 




Amonian name 




49 'OMOTPA, ctjJnSa.An l^ 0 », fjeAi.e%sca, xai crticafjoy. Hefych 




AMOPA, cn/JiSaAn sipow 

OMOPITAS, sx 7 rvgov S iypy pie v ov yeyovax 

Alfo AfJLopGiTuti Amorbitas. See Athenasus. 1 . 14. p. 646. 

niONES, jrAaxBrrsfi Hefychius 

Pi-On was the Atnonian name of the Sun: as was alfo Pi-Or, and Pe-Or 

XATHNAS, clotss eAatw avatpu^d^evrai xpiQipus. Suidas. 

The latter Greeks expreffed Puramoun, Puramous. 

11 TPAMOT 2 , a cake. Hi' 0 TJupajuas 7raga rois 


usAhi. Ibidem 


GUV 


r I 


Ibid 


4 




r i 




n 




7ra.Aa.10ii i7rivnuoi. Artemi 


eAafibais top Trvpafj&yra i 




74. Kai 0 Staypv7rvyeras [JSp^i 


dorus. 1. x. c 


mv ea 






Schol. Ariftoph. Imru 








See 


Q q 


Yol. I 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


290 




chief ingredients, of which it was 


com 


liba, called a boun> which was made of fine fiour and honey 


.. -j 


mnog bxv evvtrz 


It is faid of Cecrops, 


57 


rn 0 






may judge of the 




we 


0 






to which Cecrops 




of this 


The prophet Jeremiah takes notice 


is 




wo 




at Pathros in Egypt, and of their bafe idolatry 


in 




men 




The wo 


all which their hit (bands had encouraged them 




heir expoftulation upon his rebuke tell him 






men in t 


the ihteen of heaven , and to 


left off to burn 


mcen e to 


we 


unto,her , we have wanted all things 

famine. And 


pour out drink-offerings 


and have been con 


r 


A § * 


X 


J 


burnt incenfe to the Hfueen of he a 


when we 

out drink-offerings unto her , 


ven 

ke her cakes to wot 






we m 


n 


i 


Iry 


sV 


i 




unto her without our 

takes notice of the 






out 


otter 1117 s 


? 






at 


v 


V 




p* 1 






another pi 


P The 




ice 


s° 


m 


pro; 


men 




j 


hi me 

k in dl 


59 


7- 






* 


X 


I 


< 




P 


/ 


n 


ic 








women knead their dou. 


the fire , and the 


o 


\ 


Vita Empedoclis. 1 . 8 


55 Diosenes Laertius 




iz> 


Some have thought, that by 6W was 

and more 
Cecrops fa crfeed 


Some read eOamacrtf. Cedrenus. p. 8 


5 7 


-) 


4 

Ox: but Paufanias fays, that thefe offerings 


were tt? v-[. ixt x. 

gfunco, 


meant an 

over tells us; cTro&ct eya 4^ 
nothing , that had life. Panfan. 1 . 8. p 

Jeremiah, c. 44. v. 18, 19 
Jeremiah, c. 7* v. 18 




T cuTO>v \x 5 v m 

6co 




. 1 




t r 




f k 


















A 


SD 










\ 


p 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


3 ° 




P 1 




tiles about their waifi \ and 


m 










ot 




oner mgs over an urn ot income 


*■ 






at 


O' 


ace or vrv 


return 


? 


e 




o 










next net 


our Tor not 


ot wortbv o 


u 


like honour 

It was likewife a Perfian cuftom: and feems to have been 


61 




or 


e 






/ 


univerfally kept up, wherever their religion prevailed. Strabo 


mves a 


CD 


This was a Perfian 


the temple of Anait in Armenia 




in 




in 


world. Not only the men and maidJervants , fays the author. 


02 


AXKa mi 

dig vovLog 


in 




01 S7TupOLVSf OUT01 78 S 


7 TR 


T 














J 








But people of the firjl fajloion in the nation' ufe to devote their 








. J 


lame manner : it 


a renvious m n 


s m 


own 


be 


tution 










or ome time: m 


e : a 


/ 








Herodotus mentions this cuftom, and ftiles it juftly cao/t-os rcov vopuv. He 
fays, that it was praftifed at the temple of the Babylonifh Deity M'elitta. 1 

c 199 


61 


I 








Anais or Anait called Tanais in-this-paffage : they are 


Strabo. 1 * 11» p* 8o 

the fame name. 


61 




0 




The fame account given of the Lydian women by Herodotus: Trogvzvuv ycto 

all univerfally were deyoted to whoredom 


c 


h 3,- c< 93 


ft r 


&7C0L O' CC 






whim 







The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


3°3 


L J 






Eurmp EogTY\v How 


can 


funeral ? It denotes a feftival in honour of the Sun, who 


Riled, as I have {hewn, Patoi 


* « 


was 


was 

called Patra: from whence thefe rites were denominated Pa 




Plutarch alludes to this Egyptian ceremony, and fup- 

pofes it to relate to Ifis, and to her mourning for the lofs of 

her fon 




me a. 


Speaking of the month Athyr he mentions 65 Bay 








$ S 7 fi 

tans have a cuftom m 


' 






/ i to V 


TM 


0 


/ 








■J 






©28 CElKVVX<riV (01 








J 




m 


commemoration of Ifis , and her grief for the lofs of Or us 


I11 




every figure, as they 


are 


and reverential awe : but nothing, that 






the grief of Ifis; but they 


not 


cei 


. J 


there any thing the ieaffc funereal 


fortune of their own: nor is 


were the moll 


m 




extravagant in their 66 grief. If any died 


con 


m a 




r 




fequence, the women 


eir concern 

and to disfi 

run 


JL 


r 1 


■ ■ / 




In this manner they would 


gure their faces with filth 

and down the ftreets half naked, whipping themieh 




T 


es 


up 










r 


as they ran : and the men likewife v 


1 












-5 


cut 






eyebrows for a dead cat 








Plutarch. Ifis et Ofiris. p. 366 

Herodotus. 1 . 2. c. 85, 86 


1 1 










I 


h 


i" 

























-Y 


Ancient 1 Mythology 


The Analysis of 


tio 


L j 


O 


thought to be Jupiter, and by others to be Pluto 


But 


Pluto among the beft theologifts was efteemed the fame as 


Jupiter j and indeed the fame as Prolerpine, Ceres, Hermes, 




r. 






J 






j 


IS j 


o 




\ 








J 




b 


A 


KCU 






If 






) t 


Htpoupog rs k'Kvtos, Uur, Zeus rs, xou H>jj 




■i 




J 




b 




i. 




J 




There were to be fure a number of ftrange attributes, which 


but there were other writers, who went deeper in their re 

fome 


fearches: and made them all center in one 




Hermefianax 

It may be worth while to obferve below, how many Gods there were of the 
fame tides and departments, llawios A/o/w/os. Hefychius. Pteonia Minerva 

Plutarch, dc decern Rhetoribus. 








i 


L . 


TIctAcUfXOOV HffitJcAtfS. Hefychius 

I;rn?P 'fWoroTct ITct/ar. Orphic* H. 66 

TloffstSaw Ixrrfcs st* Tvvio. Clement. Cohort, p. 26. 




p • 


Olen, the mott ancient mythologift, made Eilithya to be the mother of Ero 

fo that Eilithya and Venus tnuft have been the fame; and confequently Diana, 

MiiTtsa. Epmtis EiAioL/ai' etvxi. Paufan. 1 . g. p. 762 

Adonim, Attinem, Oilrim et Horum aliud non efie quam Solem, Macrobius 

Sat. 1 .1. c. 21. p. 209 

Janus was Juno, and (tiled Junonius. Macrob. Sat. 1 


Q * 


I 1 




1. c. 9. p. 159. 

Lunam * eandem Dianam, eandem Cererem, eandem Junonem, eandem Pro 
ferpinam dicunt. Servius in Georgic. 1 




1. v. 5. 

Aftartc, Luna, Europa, Dea Syria, Rhea, the fame. Lucian, de Syria Dea 

KglOl he Ipatov TGV CLUTOV 


■if 


x.at A/a 3 cat Ayr&AAw vouhovres. ktA. Athenago 




ras. p. 290 

HA/os, Zee/;. Sanchoniathon. Eufeb. P. E. lib 

HA/:;, Ko 






I. C. X. p. 24 




h. I 


1 


r 


Damafdus apud Photium. c. 242 




roe 


v 






times 


A. 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


3*3 


r l 


. j 








oAov tcoKoii 


term 








ym 




G 


a 






'm .\_ J 




S 9 T Ev^fiYfFOLO 




J 










CL 






BITS TV 


i 


£ 




EAAadi AEA002 




BABTAQNOX 

AnOAAaN 

All the various titles, we find 

or the Sun 


sv 




r i 


1 j 




are at 


m 


com 


1 


r ^ 




c 








JL 


fhould be of all ages. This 






ever we 


to 


love, and Bacchus ever young; and were alfo the feprefenta 


tives of Cronus, and Saturn. But the ancients went farther 






van 


ous 


K cu yccp TCouact , 


that he w T as re 


mi 


ages 


to 


L d 


yp-cLcpsTiv clvtqv. But the mo ft extraordi 


a 


Vi KOU 




was 




nary 






In Demofthenem Kara MeiJ'ft*. II av a%nfs.a, TS^mmxtriv 

See alfo Macrob. Sat. 1 . 1. c. 18 

Autov rov Aict y.ou tqv Aiqvvgov ircuf as xat ve? 

upon Plato’s Parmenides. See Orphic Fragments^ p. 4 °^ 

VOL 


P, 64V 


UUTCe} 


3.1 






ujo A 


yicc %<x As*. Proclus 






y) 


j 




me 


S f 




L J 


>1 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 




3 * 4 - 


1 


flie is laid to have been thus exhibited in Cyprus, under the 


zz 




6 








1 


name 


r 










r 7 








3 Eft etiam in Cypro n tn u 1 acr u m barb at a Veneris, corpore 

etvefte muliebri, cum 

vocant 

other of the Gods 




et natura virili, quod A (peocnov 


as 


r 










ov 






The Poet Calvus fpeaks 


n 


Pollentemque Deum Venerem. Vale 


of her as mafeuline 


s 




r ’ 


P ’ 


rius Soranus amonor 
the Gods 






A 




0 


L _i 


ue 


1 








►j 


A 




r. \ 


eaks of him in nearly the fame manner 


r ^ 

L _J 




a 7 V 


C TV 






r ^ 


P 


Zi 


* 


r 






r ^ 


"J 


And 


The pafiage is differently read. Kufter exhibits it AQpqS'itqs* 


“ Hefychius 




ypatpcrX rJxix.VjMi ctvS'pa. t>;i' v(qi> icryyua.'TiA'ui Sv Ku 


AwaG^i'Tct 


OS 


s T& 7T£i 




/ 






7 rpM qycnv 


Servins upon Virgil. TEneid. 1 . 2. v. 632 


*3 




34 Scholia upon Apollon. Rhod. 1 . 3. v. 52. Tav xa.hsfj.ivm M 01cm 


amt 

TreecrSuTegav. In fome places of the eaft> Venus was the fame as Cybele and Rhea 

the Mother of the Gods: lie ft r»s %w(>cci ravrm <ri£a<ri ftev as sti tt<x.v txv A <5 

fiJi ixinepa. 0 em 

Tetrabibl. 1 . 2 




PO 




PtO 


7 TCl/iiAcCt 


sy^AOJpiots ovQjJ.ao'i TTQQcrciyoPSVQvite 


XCCL 




%■ 




s 




ApudCalvum Afterianus. Macrob. Sat. 1 . 3. c. 8 

rem efle ac feeminam. Ibidem 


Putant eandem ma 










■“i 


26 


Apud Auguftin. de Civitate Dei* 1. 4. c. 11. and 1. 7. c. 9. 

The author of the Orphic verfes fpeaks of the Moon as both male and female 

AufojUgr,) xca autto fj-av^ Aii'Av'tts xai apa r ,yj. Hymn 8. V. 4. 

Deus Lunus was worlhiped at Charrte, EdelTa, and all over the eaft. 

Syneftus. Hymn 3, p.,2 . 6 , Edit, H. Steph 




£7 


~ 1 


The- 


"l 



b 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


317 


r, 1 


t j 


or 


4 






ever 10 many names 01 


to w 


in r 


r n 


N 


35 








1 


r 




lus, Siris, five quodcunque aliud 






ad unum tandem Solem , antiquimmum 




i 


nomen 

numen 


1 






omnia 


r: 


1 


L 


E 


L J 


Selden de Diis Syris. p. 77 


Sf 


h J 


4 


I 


J 









of Ancient Mythology 


Analysis 


rp 


HIE 












and obtained a lecond life bv renewal. 

of the bird, Piled the Phoenix, is thought to 

borrowed from this tree 

a<?rus 




1 


a^ain 


recoverei 




n 




th 


ri 


T 


rnry 


a 


icnce 


in defcnbino- the 






fpccies of Palm 






i. 


o 


Mirum de 


A 


11 




ea acce 


c 


-1 






o 




hujus Palm 


Phosnice Ave, qu 5S putatur 




ex 




ar 


c 11 ni 


pimus, 

pumento nomen acce 


CO 


'"j 


et renafci ex i 


* * 








len.ifi 


L 1 


iterum man 


U 




r 




o 


amoiicr 


a 


The bleifed in heaven are 




Hand inn before 




IX 


as 


e 


o 


n 


re 










o 


white robes with branches of Palm in their 

an emblem of roy- 

our Saviour made his laft en¬ 


tire thron 

hand 


m 




The notion of this plant bein 


(J 




Ont 


o 


trance into 

trees, and accofted him as a prince, crying, 13 Hof anna 


is 


ip 0 


e e 


The title of Phoinic feems at fir ft to have been 


given to 


ferred upon people of power, and eminence, like clvoz, and 


awzTsg among the Greeks. The Cuthites 


in. 


the title of Phcenices. A colony of them went from thence 




to 


na 


is 


r 1 


Phcenix came 


.e, not conhder 


r ■ 


Pliny. Hift. Nat. 1. 13 


11 


C* 

legov HAie to ^UTor, ccymcov re 

Revelations, c. 7. v. 9 




Juhani Imp. Or at. v. p. 230 


QV 




11 




K 


•gepGTlV CLUTOdV* 

John. c. 12. v. 13 


IS 


fc-H 


V 


mg 


nr 



&NCIENT MYTHOLOGY 


The Analysis of 


S 2 + 




JU 




mere tit 
life of it 


rj 


to diftineitifh either the people or country 

Vm * 


Th; 


r* 


a 




them called Phoenicia: yet other 


part of Canaan 




is never 

did call it fo ; and the natives were ftiled Phosnices before 

But this was through miftake : for it 


the birth of Homer 




I 


natives as a 

title of another fort, a mark of 

this account it was affumed by 

For this 


was never 






W “I 


have fhewn, that it was a 

rank and preeminence 

and 


on 


other people 


aces 


r/ 






y 




tile writers made ufe of it; and we fee what miftakes have 
enfued. There were Phoenicians of various countries. They 
were 

* 9 Arabic us 


to be found upon the Sinus 18 Ferncus, upon the Sinus 


Africa 




n 




10 


in 


irus 


in 


► 


V 

Fj 


W 




H 


J 


Herodotus brings the Phoenicians from the Mare Erythrseum ; by which he 

means the Sinus Perficus. L. 7. c. 89 .1 

Philo,'mentioning the march of the Ifraelites towards the Red fea, and the 

* o 

Amalekices, adds * 9 v^ovrcci aurw tfrornKSs* De V. Mofis. vol. 2. p. 1 15 

jtwjLtu, in Edom. Procopius. Perfic. 1 
Phoenicus, in Crete. Stepli. Byzant 

Apaot fyoivncsu Gloffe* 


18 


c 


El 








L j 


19 


h 1 


c. 19 






L 


JO 




a. 1 




Mount Olympus in Lycia was ftiled, by way of eminence, Phoinic. OAv/j.ttj4 

£ C" __ 

TroAts fj.tya.An )cat ocas o fxiuwfx.av j o km <Pomxov! kxAsctm- Strabo. 1 , 14. p. 982 

Bochart fuppofes, Phoenic and Phcenices {iotvntes) to be derived from Beni 

Anac, changed to Pheni Anac, i. e. the Tons of Anac: but how can this be 

applicable to a mountain j or to the Palm tree ? I am happy however that in 

part of my etymology, and that a principal part, I am countenanced by that 

learned naan 


r ■ 










Ong. p. 302 






and 


I 







I 







► 




h 


I 





Ancient Mythology 


The Analysis of 


A fl 9 






his name 


Cneph. And thou 

be fomethnes 


may 


O* 


to 


Grecian work, and fo denominated 


kiS Cl 


in 




notion. For we muff make 


conlequence of their miftaken 


A 


tcriai difiinftion between the hieroglyphics of old, when 


ma 


kings j and thofe of later 


under her own 


Eoypt was 

c/ s 


under the government of 


date, when that country 


was 


which time their learning was greatly 


the Greeks: at 




ini 


and their ancient theology ruined. Horus Apollo 


paired 

allures us, if any credit may be given to what he fays 
that this canine figure was an emblem of the earth 




0 


O 


■v 


When they 




Oueulb^u 


c 


cn 


c 








/ 






the earth , they paint 


ould defcribe 


a 


w 


could not therefore, I mould think 


any degree relat 


in 




The fame 9 writer informs ns. that under the 






r J 


or facred fcribe 




and a prophet j and all fuch as had the chief management 


r 


the fmell, fneezing; rule and 


or 




which is a circum 


government, and 


a ma¬ 


ge 


or i 


5 


r 




to 




o 


fiance hard to be believed. For as 

figned to diftinguifh 




fcarce credible, that the Egyp 




it is 




ideas under one character, whence nothing could well enfue 




m any 
occurs. The meaning 


ancient 




a 




O 




XQAVfJ.CoVy YtUV0%'\ 


H OIKOTMENHN 




y £ x ( popT€i 

(p-xhou <lwypct<pttcn* L. i 
LtfO') gafAfjtxrex re tu?jp 


5 >; y^ctfjLy.ciTea^ w ic^sxr y} opyw^ n 
c. 14* p. 26.. 


J 










a i: 


// TTGCqttiTti 

Ho vet 


n catpgimi'y 7j 'JTTaCfJLQV} Myy 

I.C. 39* p. 52. 




V 


f' 






1 






The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


333 


■ ,1 


L.J 


P 


little attention made out 


The Egyptians were refined 


in 


l 


their fuperftitions, above all the nations in the world: and 


y 


and titles of their Deities upon vege 


'u 


names 


r 


7 


but alfo 




c 


paflions of the mind 


or 




t 


confecrated it to fome 10 God.. 


* 


borrowed from Egypt. The Laurel,, Laurus, was denomi 


j 


nated from Al-Orus: the berry was termed bacca from Bac 

was from Ham-Ourah : Cafia from 




T 


5 C 


, 


Chus. The-Crocodile was called Gaimin- 




Lion, El-Eom:: the Wolf, El-Uc: the Cat, Al-Ourah: from: 

I 

whence the Greeks formed Aswy, Awsos, aiXvgog, The Egyp 


tians. fiiled Myrrh, Baal balfam, baal-famen; Camphire, 


7 * 


) 


The 




fvveec reed of Egypt was named 


I X 






Can-Ofiris. Cinnamon was de 


eminence: alfo 

I 

nominated from 






.T 




fa. d 


ic, from 


Chan-Amon: Cinnabar 


KM 




rj 


Ghan-Abor : thefacred beetle, Gantharus, from Chan-Athur.. 


The harp was filled Cinnor, and was fuppofed to have been 


j 






%CU <PttCTWCtLfJ.OVeF ct 'T 0i 'TruVTWV C/AOl'S TGI* 


E 03 yap TBS A tyVTTtB^ OtTBO 

tV/o;5 Qvcfiaaiv %o^ov 

Luc3an.de imaginibus 




M 


L.J 


irAsi ra E£ OTP AN OT 


OP T CC 






5 


e<r(t 


/ 


i. J 


See Obfervations on Antient Hiftbry. p. 166 

Solebant- autem Algyptii fibi- 1'uiiq.ue Deorum patriorum noraina plerumque 

ilia fervare perrexit, poftquam falutari luce 

v. 1. 1 . I. c. 5. p. 105 

6. and in Jeremiah, c. 6 




imponere,—Moremque hunc gens 

Evangelica diu fruita effet. Jablonlky 

It is poflibly alluded to in Pfalm 80. v. 

■r 

Plutarch. Ifis et-Ofiris. p. 365. Xeroowis 






J 


y, 20*. 


H 




1 


found' 


I 




he Analysis- of Ancient Mythology 


nn 




33 + 


1 




by Cinaras: which terms 


are com 


Or. and Chan-Arez; and relate to the Sun 


or 


Priefts and magifirates 


were 


inventor 


re 


3 


n 




w 


t 


liable to have it in their com 


were 




many 


D 


of Horus Apollo; who 


Hence arofe the errour 




ltion 


L. J 


yptians diitin 


having been informed, that the ancient 


hO* 






efteemed holy, by this 


were 


(T 




and save out 






lacfed title 


ICS 


ro 








? ' 




a dog. And 




re 




o 


L 




I 




later times the Grecian artifts, and th 


r 


r\ 


11 


v; 


mixed tribes of Egypt, may have exprefled them 


m this 


and did not mqv>ir 

I 

purport of the 13 theology tranfmitted to 

hence we may perceive, how little in later 

rites and hif 






were 


P • 


r 


L I 


h 




K 


into the latent 

them. Prom 
times even c 


't 








native 


cr 


I 


c 


O 


r 




Fai 


writer 


+ 






U 


in confirmation of what I have been faying 

mentions the great veneration p 

but adds, that in 

of baboons, or 
were 


He not only 


n 


Cl 


a kind 

which 




f 


















t 










7 




c 




The purport of the term Cahen, or Cohen, was not totally unknown in 

Greece* They changed it to xon?, and jcmhsj but ftill fuppoled it to fignify a 

prieft, Kci>!?, Isvsw KaCitWf o xa.9a.iMfjt.ivos fyovice., Hefychius. Kg 

T ^ wf J 

Ibid. 


»3 




ICLTCLl leScLTal. 










It was a 1 lb ufed for a title of the Deity. K 


ixi., o cf'ooy') uAcs Ai0of ; fcilicet B«/- 
'ivXo;. Mofcopulus. p. 5. The Baetulus was the moft ancient reprefentaticn of 

the Deity. See Apollon, Rhod. Schol. ad L. 1. v. 9to 


r 




tians 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


335 


1 


Lj 






t ia n s 


1 


L 'J 


Theie did not, like other animals, die at 




once 






r -1 


meat 


was 






while the other .half 14 furvived. He moreover allures 


us, that 


they could read and write: and whenever one of them was 




introduced into the facred apartments for probation, the 


tablet, and with a pen and ink 




a 


I 




intelligent breed. Thefe animals 


are faid to have been 

times. 


the true 








and feafons: for, it feems, they were in 


l 


enim duodecies in die urinam redr 


1 6 


earth 








h I 


ftitio fervato,. Trifmegifto anfam dedit diem dividendi 


in’. 


won 


That Apes and Baboons 


derful 18 animals 

the Egyptians held in veneration is very certain 


were amon? 




The 






XoiTrtx . Qxee , 

3 C«U’ iKCL^yy TifJLtpaV iiKpVfJLtVCV 

Ea>i S ' Civ at iGSoy.mavrct 3 cal Svo tA imQpaiv jyAEpas, Tore- c A os ctTrottvycnai 

. c. 14. p. 2 

tiriiScLV Trpw-rct xofAi&y KwoscepaAos, St Atom 

If:C£U 5 j 3 £CW I'j 3 t«< /xeAai', 

y pafji {Aar a. , %cti St . ypct ^ si - Horapollo. .1 

Horapollo. L 1 

TcS t CiUTO 'Sj T<x ;5 SvtTl VU &1 7 TOtSi . 3 CtA 

Hoffman: Cunocephalas 

Voffiusde Idol. Vol. 2. 1 . 3. c\ 78.. 

What Orus Apollo attributes to 

dori) mentions of the Cat 


Ou_j 56 pc.fla.TSp 


claXcl , 


tsaclit a- stop pea; rsts 




M 


uVo T COP 


TCL- 








I tpmv flaTTTrffrS-ai, xrX 




1 


[AC COS CtVTMV 






Horapollo. 1 


H 


* . 


* - 


* 


EiS t£PGV 


is 


Ti 


CtVTGQ 








•.tJ 


c r 


et ■ ty$ STr^cmews s^p ■ &vyy$v&x$ 


001 








c- 14* p* 28 




* , 




Yi/wsoas 3 iaG ? a parsed 

Speaking of.the two Equinoxes.. 


C. . 1 6 , p. 3 O. Awd'SJtCC'TiS T»S 










17 




the Cunocephalus, Datnafcius (in Vitalfi 

Photii Bibliotheca, c. 242. p. 1049 


>8 






J 


f-V 




facred; 


I 


h 


H 



I 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology; 


33 8 


edncatam dicebat in Mgyptiorum Rupe 


atque in Panne 




nidis exinde gymnafium, atque Atticam demeaffe 


And 




Sarifburienfiis feems to intimate, that Parmenides 


annes 


obtained his knowledge from the fame quarter, when he 

e vitam egiffe. In this fhort detail we 










mentions " in 
have no 


unplea An g account of the birth of fcience in Egypt 


It is plain, that 


to Attica 




ana 




t 


either the fame, or at leaft iimilar to that, which I have be 


fore been defcribing 


O 


been facred to Hermes, this college and temple were proba 


nome of Hermonolis 


bly in the 


I 


Science, and particularly ftiled Cahen 


Cams: and the 

e of 


S3 




or 








out vei 

was in the upper region, ftiled. Thebais: and. 




to 


am 




1 


profami loquaeitate vulgaren iEgyptiorum claufa adytis occulebar 


culorum, n 

Martianus Capilla. L. S 

Johannes Sarifburienfis Metalogic 




c 






L. a. p. 787. Editio Lugd. Bat. anna 


* 4 


1639 


He fpeaks of Parmenides, as if he were a native of Egypt: and feems to have 
umkrftood, that Parmenides took up his refidence in the Egyptian feminary, in 
order to obtain a thorough knowledge in fcience. Et licet Parmenides iEgyp 

tius in rupe vitam egerit, ut rationem Logices inveniret,. tot et tantos ftudii ha- 

bait fucceflbres, ut ei inventicnis fuce totam fere prasripuerint gloriam 

Hermes was the fame as Anubis Latrator. Jablonflky, L. 5. c, 1 

Kura ^ eye*. Anaxandrides apud Athenaeum. L. 7.P.30G 

xvm* Plutarch. Ifis et Ofiris. 

* 4 Strabo. L. 3 7. p 




14 


r 1 


L J 


1 








there. 




4 



I 



1 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


45 






O 


b. J 


fbften, and qualify what is mentioned, 


*6 Q u 












ww? tov E gfiY)V KTNA 


by which 


oi 


v 

tC 




his learned writer would inhnuate, that it was not fo much 


T 


L 


the name of a dog, 


as 


the Egyptians alluded 














a name upon 
ians neither be 

The 


But the truth is, that 




a 


r 


flowed it nominally ; nor alluded to it in any degree 


title, which they gave to Hermes, was the fame, that they 


• hen ; anti it was 

I 

Greek term X&w. Chon 


faid of Socrates, that he 




is 


n 


.. j 


fj 




TOV by the dog and the goofe : which at firft does not 


But we 




was not 

ridicule: for Socrates efleemed it a very ferious and religious 
mode of atteflation : and under thefe terms made a folemn. 

Zeus 


areir 


1 




4*7 


IS 


-a 




obvious 




r "i 


Plutarch. Ills et Ofiris. P. 355 

QvS'e H/ax. pa,Tt)$ tov xuva xca Tot 

28 6 


yiii'a. ojJLivi frailer. Porphyry de Afrinen 






* A 


tia 


3 


■ n 




I-t is faid to have been firft inftituted by Rhadamanthus of Crete: ExeZ.g vtr 

Euftathius upon Homer 




( Ptt'f'txy.ca/Qus) xcora,xca xvm, xca xgis optvvmi 

OdylT. T. P. 1871 

See Ariftophan 




b d 


52 r« Ojj.vuvctt xsAev&cti (VxS^ctivuv) 

l 

12. de Rebus Creticis 


• Scholi 


v 




(Tlf 




" * 


L J 


ctA. from Socrates 


xat Kuvct} 

The ancient Abantes of Euboea ftiled Zens himfelf Cahen ; called in after 






r i 






. J 


_ J 


There "was a promontory of the fame name: Kmwoy ax booth 


times Cenaeus 

Van. I. 




Yy 


i 


fiCy 


n 








0 





■l 



h 




i 










The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


& , 


3 e 


a 


i 








/ 


r ‘.l 




J 


w 


I 




J 






V 




sKoujcrtrs 


pmsiov 


i*¥ fc* 










r 


&IQ 


r 


y 






y 








•3 


Rj 






9 




■’j 


2 
















t. 


Avt/i os ygv<rcio 


/* 


K7T 


K 


/ 








Ey J 1 ’ ebahsv Ko'kwoxrw 




foil and foundations of the illancf. 


We find, that the very 


olden : the lake floated with golden waves: the olive 


were <z 

tree ve 


*D 


olden fruit: and the river Inopns, deep 




Of 


c 






as it was, fwelled with gold 


Homer in- a Hymn to the 








o 


more com 

was weighed down with treafure 

o 

<T oLfd A*;A o; d7?oLor&- 


faying, that the ifland 










!* 














i- 


'l 




IF 


LL 


O 


l 






or it the Heliadje are re 


r 


and in confequence 


as. 


ria 






of fir-trees in Bcetica, fays, that they 






ecies 


a 


t 


r. ’ 


and Canaanites was 

the latter of which was 


Ailed 


r 


Chus, and 10 Chus-Or 








5" C 




r 






s 


Homer. Hymn.to Apollo. V. 1.35 

9 FlrOJtJis tk fas Irzpov Ae;^gc&a; if' a warn 

wytwov. Pbiloftratus. L. 5. p. 211. -ffifchylus mentions the Arimalpians as liv 

ing upon a golden ftream 




C 


o; 




HA^ctAac 


5£ CCp *3 at 7T t P TW 




£fi'cr« t ?; r 


j 


! 


b 


/ 




J 




0( HoU CTO fl.UTCV 

OtZBcru' ay.qi vj.ij.cc T 1 ?iBTav$? Trace. . Prometheus. P. 49. 

Hence the celebrated city in Egypt had the name of Cerchufora 


10 


Some 




traces of Grcus may be found in.Zeus Hircitis, and Qrcius, 'mentioned by Pau 

fanias, L. 5. p.442. He fuppofes. the 
mentions a legend to that purpcfe 


name to be from cokos, an. each,, and 




Chrufor 




The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


3 57 




k 


CErufor: and we learn in Eufebins from Philo, that Chru 
for was one of the principal Deities of the Phenicians, 


been the fame as Hephaiftus. Both the Tyrians and Sido 


k. _ 


mans were 


race 




3 


memory of Ham, and Chus, equally with that of Canaan 




This name fo often rendered Ghrufos, and Chrufor. 


was 

occurs in. 
were, known, to have fettled 


many places, where the Cuthites 


4 




thofe parts,, who 


and we read of a Chrufaor in 


is. faid to 






c 




c 






II 


£ 


F. 








m 




i 


c 




% 


was 


nor 




and laid to have been the nrft deified 


r 


r 




a 


great Divan of that nation was called Ghru 


The 


mortal 




faorium ; and there was a city 14 Chrufaoris; and a tempi* 


77] £. 57 0 A £ « £ TO.- 7 H XgV (T OLO p 5 0) $ 


of the fame name 


3 3 




A log KoiPQV aft ctvr o>) v KotwP) sig o <rwi a n 


TS- mi 

called Chus-Or : and built 






b 


r 










was 




1 






Jl 


I- 




memory of the fame perfon, 


,_ 1 


as 


in 




alfo ,+ Cerchufora, in Egypt. It was 


ui 




Hefiod. Theog. V. 281 


It 




\\ctftctv Tacrai' ^xciHrctorAj& 


Et racproaiTos ae rw 

title conferred 'upon, more than one of 


Kctttxs 

Vi 




pUG'<%OOtf > TTCAti 

2KSy£rr()(Zt (fpvcn) 




_ * 










Steph. Byzant 

13 Strabo. L. 14. p. 975. Zeus was a 




the family 

H?rodotus.,L 

i 

L- 17 . p. u 60 




17. and 07. called by Sera bo Ks?xe<r 3 fct 


c. 15 . Alfo C 


14. 


n 










o. ■ 


b 


f 






J 


I 



J 


1 



Ancient Mythology 


The Analysi 


kT 


op 






* 2 CO 


a 


A 


worlhiped, ILould b 


p 




lmall 45 amount. Nor 

but in rivers, which 


this obfervable in cities omy, 
named in the fame manner 

ages 

their names 


were 

For it was ufual in the firft 
to confecrate rivers to Deities, and to call them after 


13 






Hence many were denominated from Chu 




forus, which by the Greeks was changed to X^croppoa? 






and from this miftake they were 


26 


which had 


no pre 




tenlions to gold: and there was a river of this name at 


Da 


1 " 


7 


mafcus. Others too might be produced, none of which had 


claim to that mineral. There was a ftream Chruforrhoas 


any 


it 


Pontus: and the 


in 


near 

river Pactolus was 
notion 




*9 


£Ci 






> c 


ZC/.ASIT 0 QS 


<Z 


ty\; 




we may conclude in refped to gold, that the name was not 


Xr,v<T7u n irohis r r j A ttqXAomos 




yyvs AntAv 3 ~*-xou 

KCU BV Ef0Uim 




Ttts Ae&Cicts roarer %du 


c 






K arnct'S zcct Bv n 
Xffp'Jt'JJCTCi 7M 

See a]lb XiWOTaAG ibidem* 

Cedrenus. P. 12 

Strabo. L. 16. p. 1095 

Hoffman Lexic 

Plutarch de fluminibus. P 


K AttflVH COip&’TYipiOV 

AA tza.ova.cni' 1 Aoaptav Trt^iov 


7 T£Pt X S'OV Xy V.ul THS 

xott tv "EAAmTrovTpy g <~t zat a fan 

tv J's T)i sztos Pa vys Ivftzy. Stephanus Byzant 


T 


*r* 


xcct 




L 












/I 








X6 




a 7 








L . . d 




39 


1x51. The original name was Chrufaor, which 
had no relation to a golden ftream: at leaft that part of it was fo named which 

ran through the city Maftaura. See Stephanus Byzant. Ma^avpa. 








n 






I 


"rf 



b 



* 


■■ 



r 


H 


J 1 


i 


I 









1 


n 



I 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 

from 


37 ° 














r 


l: 






avrag 


quit iv e<r <r iv 


% 


N 


r i 


i 


J 


In refpeft to Cycnus and his brotherhood, thofe vocal mi 


nifters of Apollo, the ftory, which is told of them, undoubt 


and to the Canaan 


co 


■ * I 


lonies, there is great reafon to think, fettled 




in 


ces 






The 


name of Canaan was by different nations greatly varied, and 


ill expreffed: and this mifconftrudHon among the Greeks 

To fhew this it will be proper to 

mvc an account of the rites and cuftoms of the Canaanites 


gave rife to the fable 






t> 


as well as of their extenhve traffick. Among the many 

variou s 


branches of the Amonian family, which fettled in 


the Canaanites were not the lean refpedtable. They traded 








was 


T 


Homer. Odyff. L. A. v. 15, Phaethon was univerfally allowed to be the 

Sun by the ancient mythologifts of Greece; to whom we mu ft appeal, and not 
to the Roman poets. Orpheus fays 

HsAcjy <±>xi6jVTa S(p ct [j //.acr 1 wahoi uyucru de Lapid. v. go 

And in another place 








3 <xi»s <x.vopBiriav 3 jcA. 

Phaethon was the fame as Phanes: and there is fomething very myfterious in 


t 




GT t ft 7~ £ J CL T£J V 




{ 


ms charafter. He is reprefented as the firft born of heaven: TlpcoToyovos $ccsQa>i< 


Hunc att (Orpheus) efie omnium Deorum parentem; quo¬ 
rum caufa ccelum condiderit, liberifque profpexerit, ut haberent habitaculum, 
fedemque communem: Jix-nasv Aftavarois J'ofx 

religione. L 


tf/MHtsi Hefo; vioir 


y * - 

^ h. * 


i 






J 




ov atpQirop. La&antius de falfa 

5. p. 15. His hiftory will be explained hereaftet 


1. c 






Afcalon 


2 




Vi 




r 


l 


r 


J 



+ 






-r 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


377 




It is faid 






T 


c 








is true, may in great mea 








l L 


n 


r 




L j 


' J 


fi 


to the language of Egypt; for it was the fame as the Nile 




certain, that it occurred in the ancient fphere 


is 


GV 




from whence the Grecians received it. The great effufion of 


* 


water in the celeftial : 


ere 




Nile 


(till called the Eridanus: and as the name was of 




is 


L M 


among 

river ocrymon in Thrace was 

as much as the Eridanus 


1 - 




e 








to a 

and the ancient name of this river was Palseftinus. It was 
jfo called from the Amonians, who fettled here under the 
name of Adonians, and who founded the city Adonis 


i 


/ 






f 


A 


man 


were 


1 


XrpVtJMV TTOTCtfiOS 


20 




mrct itoKiv H imoa, 


Ttig wpci 










river of Thrace , which 


A 




runs 


ts a 


r 




L . ^ 




r | 








n was o■ 


river 








In thefe places, and in all others, where any of the Canaan 


L 


■! 


■! 


Iwans 




Some of them feem to have gained accefs at Delphi 


as 


r i 


Fab. 154. P. 266. not. 7 


*4 


Hyginus 

■ 

EtSpo/ 5 e (pz.cn3 £ mat o t an o v 

Kak mat S'e uto twv ey^aptm Rv%epvo<. At yuTrnot «Ts (peon N etkcv stv&t to t> 

Scholia in Aratum. P. 48, • 


6 


r i 


L I 


■J-l 


iiva.1 Nctkov. Eratofthenes. Catafterifrn. 37. 




OCVT OV 


ay 


Plutarch de Fluminibus. Yol. 2. p. 1154 




n 


1 . 




did 


VOL 


c c 




I, 


Ancient Mythology. 


The Analysis of 


■+ 








was 


i 1 






firlt founded 

and Ai Ait, f 

mi AETIA 


names was 




a7 


/ 


ex 




were called' 

Hence 


The natives in co 




X 


A snoi and A srcu ; which was interpreted eagles 




ei 


we are 




\ 




n 


j 


13 K views, u) T efisp 


and lettled at Delphi 


AsTcvg Tims 


as 


L* 


) 




a Tin cuto too V <Mmv tyis yr\s S 7 TI TO US 


■l 


TICt.VS 


- J 




< pSPOUSV'dS Big TCtVTO TV UT STS IV Yivuoi 7 T£gl TOV X'Ct 7 \ 3 ( U,£V Q V 




TOV 


to CO 


lonies from Egypt and Canaan. I recoiled but' 




one 


and, what is remarkable, he was of 


fopher ftiled Cygnus 


r 


i_ 


1 


j 


Antiochus the Academic, mentioned by Cicero 


Canaan 


ri 


F 


J, 


in 


calon in Paleftine, and he was furnamed Cygnus, the fwan 


f 


which name, as it is fo circumftanced, muft, I think, necei 


fl 






? 




r “I 










went 


name 




by the name of the infigne, and 




wo 


or 


denoted, every 






was 


ic 






Euftathius in Dionyfium. Y. 239. See Steph. Byzant. Aiyinrros 

t TCOV IKhihoiVTOTCOV %DV^KPim'. Vol. 1. p. 409 

49 Strabo. L. j 6. p. rioi. There* was fuppoffed to have- been a perfon 

Theffaly named Cycnus, the fon of Apollo. He lived upon a lake Uria j, which 
was fo called from his mother. 


17 


aft 








m- 


ries vider, et Cycneia Tetrrpe 

Quae fubitus cejebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. L. 7. v. 371- 
Uria was alfo a river in Baeocia : and here was a Cycnus,. faid to have been the 

fon of Poieidon. Paufan. L. 10. p k 831 














Dree 





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and have bat one eye. \ <? 

to an A 


we m 


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common 

in the extreme 


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in which there were three 
who on that account are faid 


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an 


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was the. 


one eye among 

common in 


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Egypt, and probably in Canaanthis 


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eye, which was laid to be engraved' upon 




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to- which 




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to 


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pj 


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in 


a 




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fettled, they 


were famous for their hymns and mufick : all 
which the Greeks have transferred to birds 


r 


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i" 


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were fwans,. who were gifted with this 
Yet, fweet as their notes are faid to have been,, there 




i 




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is not, 

to it 


.1 


k. .j 


USi 




TetTS xxi t» 5 otfGcdAjt/.ys oi £w/jL&py&v'T$$ oA)? 

TST0 ePjJTrfc? aiViCT<TGfJJ5VQi 0 &)$ 7TUV7CC Oso? 


» 4 


nyjcts xaQisp'dO’i 


33 






r 


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ft 


©Sets etmTiugi'Tgs S* 


5 




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a>L3 


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j 


cpa 3 








Clemens Alexand. L, 5. p. 671 

See Diodorus L, 3. p. 145. This may have been one reafon amone others 
why the Cyclopians and Arimafpians are reprefented with one eye 


1 


i 




o 


. TOV JLLCVV0)7TCt 

was 


1 


l 


written by Arifteus Proconnedus, and fii3ed.AjD^«cr7rei« gxjj 




that 


I 




1 



I 






The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 






Sethoiians) drew upon boards fchemes of all the countri 


V' ^ 










were 








6 


and to the Scythians, who held them 




to 


lans 


m 




high enimation 


This is a curious account of the firft d 


i '% 


i. 


lineation of countries, and origin 

/ O 




which were hr ft 




r l 


R 


folve the enigma concerning Atlas, who is 




This took its rife 








from fome verfes in Homer, which have been ftrangely naif 


the Orly fly; where the poet 




is in 


is 








\ 


CKFTS 


o 


i 






b 


fe Te ICIONA2 cams 






e 


to be obferved, that when the ancients (peak of the 


It is 


we are 


un 


r i 


E 


der the name of Cadmus is meant the Cadmians; under that 


of Atlas, the Atlantians, With this allowance how plain 


the words of Homer!- The 9 Atlantians fettled in Phry 


are 


|N 


and Mauritania; and, like the Colchians, were of the 


' * 


gia 


d 


4f 






■ 




o AiyvTrriGS) 'Trofayv 7r€Pte/\yfcjvtot yr f v Ttrcc 

ctvctypxfyas ovk. Kiyuimm f/.ovor 9 glAAx xxi 

Euftathu Praef, Epiflr, to Dionyf. P. iz 


Xtcracr'gLS cPg) 

*ty\y 7 rtClQ^QV} KXt Ttf5 ra)V 7riVUXtoV 




i 


'O 




OCLVUX fJLBTuS'OVVCU > J £ / fid CT £ / 




c/5 




L_ 


ccelum quam terrain efle dimenios: ejufquc 




/Egyptios prirnos omnium 

rei fcientiam columnis incifam ad pofteros propagafle. Petavii Uranalogta 


7 


tam 


* 


) 


12 I 




r 1 










Homer. Odyflf. L. a. v. 52 

The Atlantians were ftiledO voavtoives. Or fons of heaven. The head of the 












o 






Ancient Mythology 






m 


YSI3 0 


kN 


* A F 


A M -J 


ill 






.■H 


r ’ 






J 


j 


all the celeftiai 

which had been entrufted to the 

KCU 


but their knowledge alio 


kojki's Kicvcig 


r ^ 




) 




t) 




irenomcna 


i 


w 






iacred pillars of the Atlante 




(XI ycfAT,v 

which contained defcriptions both of the heaven 
























C/ v 










md the earth. From Phrygia they came at lait to Hellas 




X. 


where they were introduced by Anaximander, who 


is laid, 


E< 76'dVCU TTPOlTOV 


3 I 


to have been the hrji 


ypCLtpiZOV TU'JCtZCt 


SCn* 


} 






b 


)ho introduced a geographical chart 


or. as 




*7 










a 




J 


mi ©(xXxrrr,g 

terraqueous it lobe delineated 








it 


ctrcunuerence o 


a 


ft 


Cr 




o 


Though the origin of maps may be deduced from Egypt 


. A 


kJ 




were 

iirft conftrudted. Delineations of this nature were the con 
trivance 

other titles {tiled Sai'tae 


’’Cl 


? 


a 


w r ere a mono* 


or 








o 






eometry were introduced 




a 


im 


in 


menfe labour drained the lower provinces, eredted flu pen' 

dous buildings, and railed towers at the mouths of the river 
which were 








the Mizraim were not addidted to commerce 


yet it was fol 


> 


the lower provinces towards the fea. The towers, which 
were there raifed, ferved for lighthoufes, and were at the 
fame time temples, denominated from fome title of the 




Phanes, and Canobus. They were on both accounts much 


•.rf 




Strabo. L. 

Diog, Laerc. Anaximande 


i.p. 13. 




* 0 


reforted 


3 


n ' 


i 


4 




I 


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s 


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I 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 




397 




arsrsTOf ft, ctvcL 








KOLTCL JLVJtAQV 


/ 








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Qcuvst clp mewa otAos, 


we 




the concluhon, that thefe imaginary robes never {hew to 

e. as in the morning 


A 








D 




rues worn 


ocean 






m 


(7 




if 








<s 




which is 




ftiled 


cl 


were 

5TS7 rXov 






This is defcribed, A fgtav oaiiaMw [LifAYip, 






is pa re. 




r 1 




Maps, and books too, when, writing was. introduced, were made of Ikins 

Tecs 6 £Ass JheQa pees-K&Aestrt'ctTTo ra 7 rctAoui oi icovis* Herodot 


* 9 . 


f] 


tPUl*- 


# ' 


L. 5. c. 58. 

A Zone of curious imagery is given by Homer to Plercules. Odyff. L. A. 

v. 609. 

Xpucreos yv TsAaftwr, na S-ecrjcgAa Soya, t&tvuto 

A remarkable paflage from Ifidorus Bafilidis quoted by Clemens Alexandria 

K 0.1 yelp UOl f'OV.tl T35 7TgQGW Q I'd jOi VBS (plAOCKpetP, iva jAdVaai-, Tt■ S'?IV tl V7TOTTSpos 

JW 3 v.a.1 to S7T amy TreTroixiAjJLivov $AP02. Ilxj'Ta oera ^sgexufys aAh'nyooycras ■ 

i^ioKoyycriv y A u&w clto tws to Xoc/a Tgcpmetaj. Strom. L. 6; p. 767 

In the former verfes from Nonnus we may fee the method, of deviation 
Pharos a tower is taken for Pharos a garment ; and this altered to- Xituv: and 






c t 






after all, the genuine hiftory is difcernable, notwithftanding the veil which is- 

The author fays, that at the bottom emAa^oio Kncovo?, of 


fpread over it 

the well woven garment, flowed the Ocean, which furrounded the world. This 

and in the original writings, 

whence thefe verfes were copied, the hiftory related to a tower: and it was at 

the foot $APOT ETKATXTQIQ that the ocean beat, by which the. earth, was 








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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


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r 


of Tafchon, and Turfeen 




m rs, mi 


names 






i 


aivomc Kvxoi 


From Tarchon there was a city and 'diftriffc 




named IS Tarcunia j from whence came the family of the 


Farquinii, fo well known 


r 




in 


or 


Rome. The Amonians efteemed every emanation ot 

light a fountain ; and ftiled it Ain, and Aines 




i'i 




! 


and as they 






O 






built lighthoufes upon every ifland and infular promon 


J 


+ 


tory, they were in confequence of it called Aines, Agnes 




Inis, Inefos, Nefos, Nees: and this will be found to obtain 

The Hefru- 


m many different countries and 

ffans 


liases 








o 


j 


occupied a large tradt of fea-coaft 


on which account' 


Pofeidon : and one of their 


r 






cities' 




wo 




Poleidonium. They ere&ed upon their mores towers 


f 




was 

and beacons for the fake or 


C 


\ a hill farther denomi 

was named Tur 


called Tor-ain : whence they had 

nation of Tur-aini 






aima 






r 




r. 


n 




*j 


5 r 




9Kb of the later Greeks 


All thefe appellations 


a ■* 


are 


j 


even Hetruria feems to have been a com 


of Ai-tur 


A - 




i i 


and to 


% 


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t 


r 


j 


Another name for buildings of this nature was Turit, or 
Tirit; which fignified a tower or turret. I have often men 

tioned, that temples. have been miftaken for Deities, and 

We have had an inftance of this above 

I 

to have been 








ft * 






where Tarchon, and Turfenus are 


_ J 


h 


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Lycophron. V. 1248 


_ j 


Tctf%p)yo$' to efji'ixav T ccpxuvios. Steph. Byzant 




TctPXVVtCt 7roAi? Tvpjm^OS CC7F0 




Strabo* L. 5* P # 33^* b Tapxunxn ttoAjs 


3 ft 




founder 




o 


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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


4. C'9 




j 






r 


ms, or elfe 




a 




ures 01 






) 


foliage in the intervals between them 


Thefe filled 


lip the 




O 


vacant fpace between the tines; and made them capab! 




/a 


Ui 


i\- 


holding the combuftible matter, with which they 


were at 


This inftrument was 


put upon a high pol 


C 




. 1 




and hung doping iea-ward over the battlements of th 






tower* or from the Item of a 


r 1 






1 


Wj 


a 


or 










place in Argos named 19 Triaina ; which was 

une 


was a 


It was 

as may 

For 


to 






undoubtedly a tower, and the true name Tor 




ain 


f 1 




r 1 


near 


na 


The waters 


or 




o 


of Amumone rofe here: which Amumone is a variation from 


The itream role dole 


Amim-On, the waters of the Sun 




which was named Tor-ain from its vicinity to 


to 


r -. 1 


E 


J 


r 


i' j 


Cerberus was the name of a place, as well as Triton, and 


T orone 


1 




Eufebius from Plutarch, that Cerberus was the Sun : but 


30 


or place of the Sun 




the ter m 


e 


1 


1 


fJ 


filled by the Amonians both Or 


was 






and Cei 


that is, light) 


and Abor 
berus is 




or itpo 






i 


S/jr ec'rtO’Sy o 17 froyyn'OfiSrcs 


Tpieuvct T07T05 A fjyw mu rw rpicuvuv og 
nry A fJU) jjl o)vy 5 %cu wuvs itctr s ?two 

AjjLVfJLtons* Scholia in Euripidis Phoeniff. V. 195 

Eufebius. Prasp, Evan 






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; 










30 


3 . c.. 11 . p. 113 . 


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The Analysis of Ancient Mythoio 


Y 


^ X, 






T? 


H 


gyyeaTflygSff rjcray 




«at 






Eu^os, aTct^ lmjhos ys 


mopyvioi 


r. 


c 






Homer includes Orion in 


this defcription, whom he men¬ 


tions elfewhere: and feems to borrow his ideas from a fi 


F 1 ■_ 1 


milar objeft, fome tower, 


temple, that was facred to him 


or 


P, 


I 


Orion was Nimrod, the great hunter in the Scriptures, called 


by the Greeks Nebrod. He was the founder of Babel, 


or 




The 


as a gigantic 


S 

luthor of the Pafchal Chronicle fpeaks of him in this light 


on 








ir 








37 


1 


omm zee as 


xti (ram 


rr 


ana. top 


■ 


/ 






tr 


dorus; which was often rendered with the Amonian prefix 

Pelorus. Homer deferibes him as a 

W 

enormous ftature, even fuperior to the Aloeidie above men 

tioned 


..n 


1 


s* 




Qgiwa HeXwfiiov si<revo’ti<rtt 




y 






wet 














r fr 






S 


larly to Orion. For the term Pelorus is the name, by which 


Of thefe there feems to 


the towers of Orion were called 


**1 


Delos: and another of more note, to which 


have been one in 






Sicily; where Orion was pai 




in 






The Freight of Rhegium was a dan 


ticularly reverenced 




. j 








. was 


ger o u s 


51 Chron. Pafchale. P. 36 

A vfCIV Cl-iUVOL 

Homer, Odyff. A. V. 571 




Cedrenus. P. 14 3 












1 




* 

k 




of Ancient Mythology 


The Analysis 


414 






thofe, who were obliged to go through it 


It xtood near 

Mancie;,: and was .called 39 Pelorus, becaufe it was facred to 




There was likewife 


Alorus, the fame as 40 Grion 


a river 






named from him, and rendered by Lycophron Elorus,. The 


. ■ j 


tower is 

Diodorus Siculus 


more 




He informs us that, according to the tra 
Orion there refided; and that, among 


ace 




other works, he raifed this very mound and promonton 


r 




called Pelorus and Pelorias, together with the temple, which 


.4a 


^oTyoocrai to kcltcl ty\v ilsAw 


it 


IbJVCC 


was 


r: ■ 






.os mra 




& 






We find 


from hence that there was a tower of this fort, which be 

to Orion: and that the word Pelorion was a term 


& b 


+ 


1 


borrowed from thefe edifices, and made ufe of metaphori 

I 


J 


and large. The de 

O 


4 


ion in Homer is of a mixed nature : wherein he retains 




the ancient tradition of a 


but borrows his 


L j 




* 




and 


1 


i 


4 




39 Strabo. L 

■*° Alorus was the firft king.of Babylon 

iNimrod. See Radicals. P. o. notes 


3 - P- 359 








and the fame perfon as Orion, and 








41 


Lycophron. V. 1033 

PeiQgeov EAwey TgocSiv- Idem. V. 1184. O 7 roTa.fA. 0 s 

C17T0 T tVOS 


\ 


Tronrov 




< c 


0 E/Kcupos to ovojacl 

Sicily many places of this 
13. p. 148. Elorus Caftellum. Fazellus 


(octo-iXstes EA&j pa. Sc'hol. ibid. There were in 


EA copiov. Diodorus 


name 

Pcc. 1 .1_f. 


_ j 








r ^ 


L J 


4 > C* 2 

Via Helorina. 


c 


Cluver. Sicilia Antiqua 


c. 13. p. 186 














T Diodorus Siculus. L. 4, p. 284 




The Analysis 


Ancient Mythology 




l • 


9 


*r 


were called Pator and Patara. This tempi 

Pator ; to which 

reforted to know the event of their voyage, and to 

was on this account 


r 


of Orion was undoubtedly 




manners 

make 


their 

Tor Patoi 




r 


I 






nave 














had three fathers 


4 


4J 


S yOLiY\Q 

Thefe towers near- the fea were made ufe of to form a iud 
ment of the weather, and to obferve the heavens: and thofe 

which: belonged. to cities * were nene 






t 


H 


L_ J 




* k 


O 




to 




H 






in¬ 


is 


> 




to 


to 


higher part of the place 


This by the Arnonians 


or. 


was 

as well as of 

other cities, is known to have been lb denominated*• But: 


i_" j 


r 




j 




4+ 


<ra, burfa; a ildn: and when fome of them fucceeded to 

Zancle 45 in 


Hf 




Ouran or Ouranus, and from the name of the tempi 

TTCtTW 




I ■ 


three fathers,* they 


that he mu ft have had : 






I 


immediately went to work, in order 


to reconcile thefe differ 






accordingly changed Ouran to and 


ent ideas 

r 


k 








thinking the mifconftrued hide 


tret no 


1 


for their purpofe 


i 


I 












r, ■ 


ima-e 


manner 






m a 


r* 


Hi 




A 


■i 




43 Nonni Dionyfiaca. L.. 13.. p. 356 

Kara, fxs&nv Se r>n> 7 ro?uv >1 «Jc£07roA<?, w 

17. p; 1189 


r 1 


c 


t 


p - 


OpCVS'i KCLV6K 


44 • 


t 


Strabo 

See alfo Jufti'n. L. 18. c. 5,-and Livy. L. 34. c. 62. 

Xx-yxAv vd y/ryem. Stephanus Byzant 










f ZayxAv ttqAi$ 2/xeAfas—cc?ro 


45 






ginary 


4 ; 




r 


h 


*%k. jd c^ 5 * 

JHe ji 


Y 


I 


TIT 


I 











I 



I 







► 


r 



L 


I 





I 






The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 




,424. 




Dragon, which was facred to Dionufus 


and itfelf ef 




^3 








teemed a God, It was of a flupendous hze, being in extent 


and refided in a low deep place, walled 


anal to five acres 


The Indians offered facrifices to it 


\-a 




_ J 






which it devoured at an amazing rate. In rnort my author 




fays, that it was treated rather as a tyrant, than a benevolent 


Two Dragons of the like nature are mentioned by 






Strabo: which are laid to have refided in the mountains of 


*9 




Abifares, or Abiofares in India: the one was eighty cubits 


in 


hundred and forty. Similar to the 


length, the other 


one 


in Syria; and which 

was 


the plains of Macra, a region 


lie faw in 
he ftiles 

about an acre in length; and of a thicknefs fo remarkable. 


30 


TTSTmoxorcc vskpov. - He fays, that it 


as 


Each fcale was as 


polite fides, could not fee one anothet 




Er $£ ro/j eS"€t^s xcu ^coqv vTrtpcpve') Z\tow<7& ocy 5 Iv^qi eQvov, A^o.- 

W, fAtfKOS 77"£ VTCC7T 0 0V* BTPSipSTO efg BV XGi AWj BV XOIIfAVO) £a0S/ ? TBl%£t 

fc^JjAw VTTBp TCdP ctxpoov 

Maximus Tyr. Dififert. 8.C, 6. p. 85* 

Strabo. L* 15. p. 1022 

M CtXfCC TTB^tOU* Ev TCVTty S'B TlQ(j BtS 1 mLOS IfOpBi T OP A PCLKOVTCt 7TBJTTOdyCOTCi 

tCCtQVj 7rct%0$ ^B) WO-0 ITTgd 5 mCLTBOCt)* 

mis tTe <po - 

ht^os ?i£7ri^ct ekglc'wv vTrepcuoscrav Strabo. L. 16. p. T095. The epithet 

TrBTrrcoxcos could not properly be given to a ferpent: but to a building decayed 

and in ruins nothing is more applicable, A ferpent creeps upon its belly, and 
is^even with the ground, which he goes over j and cannot fall lower. The mo¬ 
derns indeed delineate dragons with legs: but I do not know that this was cuf- 
tomary among the ancients, 


a8 


€pi£z€?i7if/.evo$* xca avtihicrxe rats I &yB\<z$, jctA 






*o 


cpcLWat vtxpovj y.mos c^sS'cv 


•> c 




T1 TtCLl 7T 


fiep TT-ctPGtfjT clvt ccs ahhyhts j/Jt) xctvogcLv" ^ctcr/Ao. JV, £jU7nrQi’ Sb^cc&cu 








T 




h 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology. 


w 










A 


SW £m& KSITO we 


ct 


ev 


c 






emre 












■f'J 


fa id to have 


The fame ftory is told of Prometheus, who 


is 


near Colchis: with this 


been ex 




variation, that an eagle is placed over him, preying upon his 


Thefe ftrange hiftories 


heart 


are 




were 


Egypt. The eagle, and the vulture, were the infignia of 






properly a title of the Deity, and ugnihed heat 


Ait was 

and the heart, the center of vital heat, was among the 


I . 1 




an emblem of Egypt 


that a heart over burning coals 


was 


. ' J 


The Amonians dealt much in hieroglyphical reprefentations 


r f 


Nonnus mentions one of this fort, which feems to have been 


a curious emblem of the Sun 


were 




micircular manner round the extreme part of the gem 


At 




Agpha£ 3 Kctt rioT^/TO, xai AETlAjctxa 


4 




xca 


Ll 


Tti'oshJ'u Ast h, Stephanus Byzant. 

Euftathius mentions, Kca Ast tcc, goto nvos IvSu Astp» ?trA. In Dionyfium 




V 




39 * P* 

Orus Apollo ftiles it in the Ionian manner Hf). L. i. 




TuS's H 0 


54 


7 - P* jo 




L 


taps'ix 


* 




* s A.tyvTT'rov J'eypcctpcvrfy QufjLixryiptQv KcuofJL^VQV ^fi)ypa<pBcn^ xcct $7rct,vto x.ap£t<xi f 


i 


23. p« 38. It alfo fignified an eagl 


i, c. 




dt Ak 


r w ■> 


the 


4 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


428 




Such were thofe at Phaneas in Palefline 

thole beautiful erai 


and 


ms 


rj 


dens of Daphne upon the Orontes above 




O 


mentioned; and in the Ihady parts of Mount Libanus 


1 


defcribed by Strabo, who mentions 


Thofe of Daphne are 






3* 


3 e 


vocuriv 

sv rj£<ru <Te Acrt'Aoi/ reuevo;, m\, vsojg AttoAAgwoj itou Apt 


h 




c 


*r 








and which was watered with numberlefs foun 


L A 


3 


In the centre of the whole 




tains 


was 






upon the mountains Herzei in Sicily, and the garden and tem 


pie at bottom were very noble; and are finely defcribed by 


39 Diodorus 




I have taken notice that the 


draco, was a 




as is obfervable in the Trachones at Damafcus 

I 

When the Greeks underftood that in 




thefe temples people 




worfhiped a ferpent Deity, they concluded that Trachoii. 


ferpent: and hence came the name of Draco to be 


was a 


appropriated to fuch an animal 


For the Draco was an 


r 


imaginary being, however afterwards accepted and under¬ 
ftood. This is maniieft from Servius,. who diftributes the fer- 


i 


ecies into three tribes 






c 


aquarum limt, ferpentes. terrarum 


40 


ues. 


k. j 












Strabo. L. 16* p. 1089. He mentions a place near the fountains of the river 
Orontes called Paradifos: xcu twv tb Oqqvus 7rvycov^ ay 7 r/\wiov tb 

Qcivv tb o£Jgicry* Strabo* L, 16. p« 1096 

b 

0 Diodorus Siculus. L. 4. p. 283 

Servii Comment, in Virgil. iEneid. L. 2. v. 204 






^"i 










Dra 


• 1 


I 


f 





The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


43 ° 


1 




43 


TOVTOV % 


ve acres. So 




ions were not le s 


T 


r l 


u?\ 






Typhon, Caanthus, Orion, are laid to 

ieus 




too, who by fome is laid to have been 




ninor 


I 


r n 


o 


pieces by the Thracian 


torn to 


women 


is repre 


as much 


1 

d 




44 


i * 


Offset Mov<rcu 




ctp. 


s 


I 








J 






Op KTavsv vun 


1 








.4 


All tliefe hiftories relate to facred inclofures; and to the wor 


and rites of hre, which were 

within them. Such an inclofbre was 




ilv- 


c 


by the Greeks {tiled 


45 


Tsfiepo?, and the mound or high place Tcc<pog and tv 


o$ 




►j 


which had often a tower upon it, efteemed a 


% 


4.6 


TTMBOS 6 olvtqv sjc<rod<rei 


r 




jiy y (hall fave him. In procefs of time both the word Tt> 




J 


longer taken in their 


as well as Ta&o 




* 


were no 


or 




s_. 


This has turned many temples into' tombs: and the 


ture 


M 


facred, have been reprefented 


were 


T 


as 


ctuot$ s iroLWXHv (t ov K^sovra.) 

vv yyv m tcutgv TrAsQjra jj.bv ttSvts y.ccAtcfct s z Bpctvioo 

fkvrctS'e vim Td Gf# TcccLt&cu* Paufan. L. io. p. 8o(5. 

44 Diogenes Laertius. Procem. P, 5 

Ts/zeros* iegov X 0) P i0v M<pa)gurf/.$vov ® 

Kcu re[j£i i o9 TrspiTsvc^ov Af/MxAcuoto K avco%3> Dionyfius. rizptnyM. V. 13 
Aau'Aov at Daphne upon the Orontes, See above. P. 428 . 

Lycophron. V. 613 . 


c 


Tcc^eipcC) ctvS'Pcc Ivpuv uctXccacrtG 


43 


es T CL 


V 


E K17E O Tfi KOT A 




Scholia in Homer. II. L. T. v. 6q6 


4 S 


tU> 






4 5 




there 


5 



h 



H 


I 


I 



The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


434 




I 


temple of Amon, there 


was a 




obfervable in other temples of the 




59 




m. 


was 


h 


i .J 


I 


I 


Paufanias mentions the lamp of Minerva 60 Polias at 

went out 1 the fame cuftom was kept 


ans 




Athens* which never 


The Chaldeans and 


in moft of the 61 Prutaneia 


V 




up 

"JT 




1 


J 


1 


□2 


per- 


• on 


> 


| 


1 




I 


1 






1 


I 


J 


I 


, In the temple of 63 Apollo Carneus at Cyrene 




51 


1 


-l 


•h 






L 


f 


* ^ j: 




Zi 


to 


5 . 


was never 






r n 




-i 


> 


j 


1 


* 


j- 


1 


h 


■4 




K 


4 


1 ± 


I 


J 


h 


J 


■H 


I 


ir 


r 




J 


1 


i*p 


1 


a 


* 




A like account is given 




I - 


r 


h 










i" 


h 


fire, which was preferved 


: in 


P 








in Armenia 
India, called 65 


ier mentions a nation in 


I 




& 




1 




i 


■1 


According to the Levitical 


I 




m a f 

lav/, a conftant fixe was to 

? ever but 

£ r 




^4 


II 


4 I 1 


1 


J 


> 


I 


I 




H 


X 


T 




h 


* r- 


J 


"l 


L 




I 


4 


h 






k- 




h 


P 


J " 1 


66 


never 






re 


i 


I 


P > 


P 


r 








* 


1 


Ft? 


j 




j 


1 


.ea, we may percefce, that many 

n ^ cannot 


From what has 






L 


L 


P 


n 


perfonages have been formed out of pi 


aces 




J * 


cioCe^o; 1 - Plutarch de Dercft. Orac. Vol 
Porphyr. de Abftinentia; 

<0 L. i. p. 63. 

To' fi. A vfevicv s.v T]gVTctW'■? 

ilTQV KSy.?V>)/JLS V 0 V . iEfch. XoWpopG*. V. 263' 

See Hyde Relig. Vet. Perfarum : and Stanley upon the Chaldaic religion 

Aet ’TV.a.eva.Qv Truji. Callimach. Hymn to Apollo.. V..84 

Vol. 2. P. 84 

v ^ \ ■ n 

£t Clima. 4. pi 213 

16 Leviticus, c. 6. v. 13. Hence the . {-vAcqiogia 5. a>cufbom,. by which the 
people were obliged to carry wood, to replenilh the fire when decaying. 


t 8 


3. p. 410 


n 1 






S 9 


. 2 




1 . 


"1 


I 


n 


i 


Theoc. Idyll. 2t. v. 36; 


6 l 


Vi 


* 






■d 






L 


a 


ilufios tb qt'yyos a.<p 


6 


o 


i j 




I 




I 










I 


| 




i 




4 


r 


1 


1 


4 




P 


1 




H 


I 




J 


4 


I 


i" 


t 



I 





J 



b 


■■ 



The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


A b 7 » 

TO? 






\ 


.1 




Chiron 


Si* 




L J 


P 


There were many edifices denominated Chironiaii, and 
fecred 


to the Sun. Charon was of the fame purport, and 


V 


etymology; and was facred to the fame Deity 


One tem 


i 


. I 


■7 


n 


name 


n 




j 


is on the weftern fide of the Nile 


It was 


to 


F 1 


I 




1 


I 


* 


near u 




i 


i 




F 


< 


h 


There is a tower in this province, but at fome diftance from 




Kiroon at this day. 




As 


o2 




I 




near the catacombs, or 






L 


Charon was a 




r 1 


I 




ace 


4 




? 






C 






n 


j 


f.: 


Y 




to 


were 


i 


H 


i 




i 


i 


«■ 




made on their account, upon being-landed 


an offering: 
fhcire 


oh this 


4. 


o 


Hence, ar.ofe the notion of the fee of Charon, and 


( 






errvman of that name 


This building: flood upon 


I 


b 


H 


I 




I 




J- 


i" 


the banks of a canal 

but that,, which is now called Kiroon, ftands at fome dif 

tance to the wefl, upon the lake 83 Mceris*- 








F 


J 




J. 


3 


1 


1 


« - 


where only the 




F 


I 


F 




called the Acheronkn arid *+ Acherufian pi 


catacombs- was 


- # 


ain 






-yuan-:’: and- the ftream, which ran 
had the name, of Acheron 

Homer,, and other. Poets, when they treat of the region, of 




K 


4 


it 


* 






w 


4 


often alluded to' by 


are 


I 


f 


if 


I 


> 




k 


uxu[j.ct(rict)v (ruvaywyni 

<*yvt k ccsrvscdcu * Clementis Cohort. . P, 3^ 


flsAA^ T»s©i?TT cth'tas, 


St 


Mcwfcoj ly'e-tqtope^ ev rri rav 

K'xptm at'Spwxoi' Tin Mi Hat 

Pocock’s Travels. V. i. p. 65 
8s Pocock’s Travels. Ibid 

.J 

nccgd. r vw Puf/i’M 7 m syjtvm 








I 


il 


I 


I 


8a 


a * 


1 


* 


P- * 


A^icBcnav. Diodoras Sic. L 




✓ 


84 


P 




I 






h 


I 


L 


h 


I 


I 




b 


f. 


4 


I 




The Analysis of Ancient Mythology* 

In 95 Gruter is a Greek 


442 




k 


I 


4 


to- the fame purport 


h 


H 


K 




•1 




1 


eve 


f- 


f 


I 


I- 


But though Caftor was enmrined, as a 


m 






O 


h 


God, he was properly a Tarchon, fuch as I hate before de 


feribed $ and had all the requifttes, which are to be found 


were the great re 


pohtories of trea 






■v 


in 


p 


V 




O 


& 


■ / 


j 


to places of great fe 


as 


n 




} 


The temple of Caftor 


cunty 


was 




on 




this account, as we. may learn from 




L-J 


I X 


* 


95 iErata multus in area. 


I 








nu m mi 


I 




rhe Deity, who was alluded 1 to under the name of Caftor 


r 


3 ■ 


was the Sun: and he had feveral temples of that denomi 


I 


* i 


j 


1 


%fe 


nation in 


H 


ypt, and' Canaan 


This-. 




■■ 


/ 




V 


among other circumftances from the title of 


we 


/ 


on.liim and- his bro 

was. ftiled. A vclkblov m 


I 


1 






Pollux ; whence their temple 




I 


*i 


Laconia : and their feftival at Athens ca/cucsict, anakeia. For, 


-* 


a Canaanitiih term of honour: which the Greeks 


Anac was 






have before, mentioned 


J 


97 


OLVCUiTTS c. 


l * 


to 


*1 


■ 1 




fj 




that in thefe places were 

ties, and provinces, in 




J 


r Cl- 


h 


•h 




hi 


h 


1 


were 


I 


4 




91 P. 319. n. 2 

— 

96 Sat. 14. v. 259 

91 Paufanias. L. 2. p. 161,162.' 

There was a hill called Anakeion: ArctKeioe 
Suidas 


t 


•"l 






4 


Ogofy ?? 7W AiQCDCBPGOP- h'gQV*- 




4 


iroLS tv tw 


u> xcu 




Arabia) yga(pas. Harpocration. The treafury we may fuppofe to have 


tV T M 

* 

been a part of the temple 


h 


J 


_ T 


J 


I 




"l 


4 



L 


I 



n 




■H 


The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


h 


447 


J 


a 






n 


and ftiles her, and her ahbciates 

women 




is 




* 






FJ 






The 


S&S, Hyperborean young 


107 


m 




Alazonians, Arimalpians 




were 


eans 


b 


LI 


b 


►j 




"l 


> 


of the fame family. All the ftories about Prome 


tions 


> * 


theus, Chimera, Medufa, Pegafus, Hydra, as well as of the 


h 


es. or 


■4 


I 




1 - 




es 


w. 


I 




LV 


i 


*°3 r Scholia in Gallimach. Hymn, in Dianam. V 

x&i 'Exaspyw 




.1 


*7 




I 










ft * 






r "* 


i 


Metuenda feris Hecaerge 

Et Soror, optatum numen venantibus, 

Claudian in Laudes Stilic 


1 


Kl 


I 








I 


1 


S'* *55®., 






4 


h 






I 








« A 




h 


i- 


mur 




t 


I 


P 


rj 











•ri 










► 


I 


I 






I 




Ik 



Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


I si 


M 


r 


i_ j 








i 


H 


I 


fon, of whom he treats, is 






11 


He has a father Saturn ; and his 


I 




I 


L 


N 


ther was 

the Titans 


He was nurfed in 

J 

He dethrones his father, who flies 




L J 




f 


J 




* 


ft 


J 


k' 




r n 


L. j 




I 


where he introduces an age of gold. The mythology 


con 


cerning him we find to 




It is 


in 






N 


by way of reconciling matters, unlefs we can fup 


name 


r ela tions 




U 


1 . 


L 


I 


■■ 


n 




r 


life reiterated 

that the 

and that 






X 


connexions 


n 




I 




I 


I 


P * 


h !i 


which is 


is therefore. I think 




uain 




\ 


r "1 


j 


. j 


rj 


tJ 




*" "I 


were 

names were titles 

writer 




I 




I 


n 




their im 




is true 

s, of whom I have before 

is faid. that he could 


*1 


Ff 


■r 


k 


P 


r 1 


J 


■ . d 


L 




i 




4 


r- 


Fsl 






i 


T 










rj 


_ j 


I 


made mention 


n 


L j 




of Jupiter. La&antius 




I 


J 1 


face 




i 


r I 


4 


►j 


F 






fays, that it was at Cnoflus in 






who 




h 


h 




1 


•I 


Y 


"i 


•s 




\ 


n 


Arnobius has a very juft obfervation to this purpofe. Omnes Du non 




quoniam plures fub eodera nomine, quemadmodum accepimus, elTe non 


H 


funt 

pofilmt, &c 




4. p. 136 


r 


L J 




I 


At 


1 


qui Dii putantur, collegit ; hiftoriamque contexuit ex titulis, et 


et caeterorum 








infcriptionibus facris, quse in antiquiffimis templis habebanturj tnaximeque in 


fano Tovis Triphylii, ubi auream columnam pofitam efie ab ipfo Jove titulus 


indicabat 
rerum fuarum 




La&ant. de Falfa Relig. L. 1. c, 11 


I 


p, 50 










I 


mus. Cicero de Nat. Deor. L. 1 

- *4- Ladantius de Falfil Relig. L 


42 


r i 


_ J 


c. 11. p. 52 

N n n 2 






p "n 


b _i 


n 






r 


■j 


r 


I 



The Analysis oe Ancient Myth 




LOGY 


r 


1 


n 




*8 


ad miration 


tomb of 9 Ins m 






was 


w 




like manner was fuppofed to be at Memphis, and at Philae 


upper Egypt: alio at Nufa in Arabia 


Ofiris was faid to 


in 


have been buried in the fame places 
firis, which is 


likewife at Tapho 


L. J 




ius to have had its name 


► 


•j 


faid of another city, 


_ j 


IS 


Nile, and called Taphofiris parva 




> 




had their name from the worfhip, and not from the inter 


( 


1 


ment of the Deity 


w 








or me rcapog wigwag, or 

from whom we learn that Bufiris and Ofiris were the fame; 

The Grecians , fays this author, have a notion 




L_ 


iV 


E 


r. n 




3 * 


iris 


m 


ms ever 




but the T ct<pog, or altar , of Ofiris 




iris 


ip* as 


a 


In. fhort Bu 


had this name in the language of the natives 


8 Taipov 0 £sts ctfyov. Paufan. L. 2. p. iox 

a 9 Diodor. SicuL L. i. p. 23. T a$yt’<xi Aeyeai rwlenv si> Msf/.(psi 
Ofiris buried at Memphis 
Phenicia 

]liai cTg evict ButAicor, 01 

Lucian, de Syria Dea. V. 2. p. 879 


.1 


t 


and at Nufa. Diodorus above. Alio at BybJus in 








feytici 7 rctpcc crcptcri t£u atpQ 


Qa-tcn* roy Aiyv7rrtoi 




at Toy 


t 




\ 


r l 


@ec*)v tbtoov &ia(poovGiTcti tupcc tojs irXa<?o($ 


Tctjw.gr qvv 7repi rys Tcttyns rw 

Diodor 




1,. p. 24. 

Procopius wegt itTi&fhccTcov* L. 6. c. i. p. 109 

Aiyvimot Tg yet 

ifis et Ofiris. P. 358 






a*' 






O'TiPit'os ToAAaya 0»5ca$> aenreo ei^irca,S'emvmai. Plutarch 

*J 


r 


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5 


He mentions ire} Aas’ OmptS'os r ra.<pBS ev Aiyunai. Ibid 




359 

3 ‘ L. 1 

pu9oV* cu tb 

eyovToi tw irPQtrnyo%i* 

that there was no fuch king as Bufiris. L. 17* P* 11 54 






p. 79, Tim tks B satpit'oi ^evomovias 'Tragct to /5 E?*.y<rtv zvia %vcra.i tov 

OertPtS'oi TcKpyj TcajTW 

eyycogtcov cT/ a Aw tov , Strabo likewife fays, 

firis 




BcCLnAfOtf ovoua.Qof/.evB Gtfoct 


TOU 


v yiarta ty\v tmv 






t 


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The Analysis of Ancient Mythology 




was a 


or 






temple; where neither Apollo 


the Python were flam 


nor 


K 






but where they were both worfhiped, being one and the 








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as 


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or Triopus were the prieftefles of the temple; whofe bulinefs 


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monuments of the fort 


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were 


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nd of Phoroneus in 44 Argolis; the tomb of 

Athens : and of his wife 46 




at 


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j 




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+ 1 Clement. Alexand. Cohort 




9 




4* The Scholiaft upon Pindar Teems to attribute the whole to Dionufus 


who firft gave out oracles at this place s and appointed the feventh day a fefti 


' vtTPWTos Aiopuctos xat a/Growtivcts top Ocpiv top JHuvuvcty aya> 

E&Tojw )v yi&ectv. Prolegomena in Pind. Pyth 


T 


vah u> 

*i?€tcu Toy riuBr/iov uyoovct % c&t ci 






5 


p 


43 Paufanias 

44 Paufan 

4 5 Strabo; L. 9 p. 65 

4* Strabo. Ibidem. 

47 Paufan. L. 5 
♦.* Paufan 


9 • P- 749 


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2* p. 1 55 






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The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 

I 1 I * 




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fig among the two nations. The latter adhered to the 


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time 


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erected the fame facred Tupha, as the Grecians: 


b 


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and we 


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U * Lmj- i 


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were railed, from the ufe, to which they put them! 


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Perlians, Anait: and were fet apart as Puratheia, for the 


T 


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celebration of the rites of lire. This people, 

1 . _ J 


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defeated the Sacas in Cappadocia, raifed an immenfe Comah 

in memorial of their vidlory 


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t * * 


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to a conical n 

wall of ftone. In this 


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vail mound of earth 

r 

gure ; and then furrounded it with a 
manner 


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Omanus, and Anandrates, the Deities 

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yptians had hills of this nature 






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have before mentioned 






Thofe cities in Egypt, which had a high place pf 


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may be known from the fame 1 author 

m 1 j ■ i 


But what this fuppofed tomb really was 


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A gKct<Po$y x&Aouo'iv Ibid 




Gt 0 TCIWQS l TB 




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Taipos, n TVfj&oS) v avfA.etov. Hefych 


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Er cTe tm tsS'm EJETPAN TINA 7rpoo-^u/MTj 

■ ^ 


Strabo. L. n. p. 779 

irvfsL7rfciP(ocravTe$ 8is 'ScvYQiiJ'ss crffl/xx ut A 

originally called r^rijs, and by Tlyginus Terr® Filius. Fab 

he is ftiled 


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Typhon was 

152. p. 263. Diodorus 
Liberal, c. 25 


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Antoninus 


ViQb B'aitrto? 


P* 79 


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this 


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Ancient Mythology 


The Analysis of 
this fort, and rites in confequence of it, were 






10 




men. or 


man 




other words Grangers 




m 


a i 


men 




r 


For both the fons of Chus, and the Mizraim were particu 




woolly : fo that there could be no furer mark 


■P 


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the city ss Idithia 


s$ Abaris 




m 


were 






1 




which in coniequence of thefe 




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iQiiris 




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Ionian cities 


writ 


s were 

ers fay, that thefe rites were 
the 5 8 tomb of Ofiris 


1 


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at 


l 


Hence He was m 




w 


perfon, one of immenfe flze: and 


pofed to have been a 


But. this arofe from the 


alfo edeemed a 59 God 


was 




I 


common 


Deities there worfhiped. Typhon 


the Tupha, or al 


was 


■i 




tar. 


were 

fame as Ofiris, and Bu 


p 


4 




O 


made to the Sun, ftiled 
firis. 

I 

was in 


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1 


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As there were Typhonian mounts in many parts, he 


coniequence of it fuppofed to have been buried 




in 


near mount Caucafus in Colchis 




ces 


near 


p 1 




I 


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the- river Orontes in Syria 


P 


r 




* 


! Plutarch. Mis et Ofiris. P. 380 
Jofephus contra Apion 
Porphyry de Abftinen. L. 2. p. 223 

There was Usrpa Tvtpaovtct in Caucafus. Etymolog. Magnum. Tvtpeos' To* 

tpizoviu. UsTpa e<?tv d'J'jj/V') iv Kavxaerq. 

Kauxacraev xvnfjLoitri^ Tu<pccoyt» oTilleTpi?. Apollon. L 
58 Diodorus Sicul, L. 1. p. .79 

11 aptiy 0 pa<ri DUffiais xcci 


J! 






I. p. 46O 


56 






J 


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A V 


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2. V. I2J4 


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TPoiuvBan (t qv TuipQi’Qi). Plutarch. Ifis et Ofiris 


Si 


362 


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The Analysis 


of Ancient Mythology 


477 


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it. The term 

ther: but in this inftance it 


IS 


fa 




a 


1 


Ob. I take 


17 


Abadon, or, as it is mentioned in the Revelations, Abaddon 




rj 


to have been the name 


phite God, with whofe 

He is termed 


* 




wot 


■ 


top 






a i 


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the an 


■P 


nefs. In another place he- is defcribed as the 19 


on, that 

Hence I think 
opinion, which 

when he makes Abaddon 


is- the devil, and Satan. 

* 

that the learned Heinfius is very right in th 


► 


L' 


) 


he has given upon this pa flag 


e 




the fame as 


Non dubitandum eft, qum 


o 






Abaddon, Hellenifhe ad verbum At o7\hvwu ol, casteri 

AToKKoovctj dixerunt, fub hac forma, qua miferiam humano 


Ob 










20 


h 




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It is faid, that in the ritual of Zoroafter, the great expanfe 


of the heavens, and even nature itfelf, was defcribed under 

f 

The like was mentioned in the 


sti 


a 


i 


r n 


i_i 




4 


M 


Bachart fuppofes this term to ngni 

be Pater magnificus. He has afterwards a fecondary derivation. Sed fallor, 

aut Ab'dir, vel Abadir, cum pro lapide fumitur, corruptum ex Phoenicio Eben 


I ! 6 


name 






to 




Dir, lapis fphaericus. Geog. Sac. L. 2. c. 2. p. 708 

See Radicals. P. 49, and Deuteronomy, c. i8i v. ir 

E^yo'Jfrai SzaiAecc €<p' clvtm rov AyyeKovTm KGvcrcra* ovopa cuitm 'EGg 

A£aATa )v , tv Js r>i ’EAArivmv ovotxct Ax o A Auctiv. Revelations 

Revelations, c. 20. v. 2 
Dominus Sol 

Daniel Heinfius, Ariftarchus. Pi ri» 

Eufeb. P. E. L. 1. p. 41, 4 2 * 




I 


17 


* . 


4 * 




otl^t 


c. 9* v. 1i* 

Abadon fignifies ferpens Dominus, vel Serpens 


1, 






. 4 


20 






Otftateuch 


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o£>si£ (rmpmoi 


mentions 




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called 3& Ophionians 


and the temple of 




i 


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Apollo at Patara in Lycia feems to have had its hHl inftitu 


tion from a 


39 


i 


name 






from- the 






prus was 

with which it was 

ecies 


L %3 


O 


^5 




abounded;, Of what 


4 :° 


J 


where mentioned; excepting only 


were is no 


I * 




faid to have been a 




4* 


I- 


By this 








two f 


is meant t 




race 






who came 




na 


Of in 










this 4S ifland. They fettled alfo 


Crete, where they 


L. J 


in 


in 


umbers-: fo that Minos was laid 


c re afed 


m 




an 


f* 


The 

by the Romans called 


t 


43 


i 




► 


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C 


yus was one 




> 




44 ir- 


as 


mm 


■4 






►j 




as 


once 


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IS 


1: 


urera*> 


1 




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er 


as 




is 


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45 


en 


ue 


d.on*. 


r 


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38 L. 3, c. 06. Strabo. L. io. p. 692 


J 








39 Steph. Byzant. IluTotpa.. 


4 ® Bj? sir tpetv Ata.s (peuycov otpioodea,. KuTrgov. Parthenius 


See Yoffius upon 


L.. 


Pomp. Mela 


6. p. 391- 

Ovid Metamorph. L. 10; v. 229* Cypri arva Ophiufia 

They were particularly to be found at Paphos. Apollon. Difcolus,. Mirabil 








L j 


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39 . O TTQcf Cft5 OW 

41 Herodotus. L. 7* c. 90. c OtJ^e utto Aj&othhs., w ciuroLKvTrptot heyy&t 

xai <ntQD7rthi$* xca o 

b J ' 

See notes, P, 276 
4. c. 2.1 


I 


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jcA. Antonin. 




Liberahs. c. 41. p. 202 

•I 

Tacitus. Anna! 

In Ceiri 


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caufe lie had been of two different communities 

tries to 

■ 

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underwent a i- 




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&7TAV sTsas^tUy that he was. < 


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hunified according to Euflathius 




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* * - 1 ^ ^ d ~ IB 1 * I- _h 

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ice. 


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mores magis. civil es in Grecian! 

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to the mixed 

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.according, to the prefen t'copies : yet what is fa id, certainly relates to him 

appears by . the context,, and it is fo underftood by the learned Marfliam., 

See Chron. Canon. P, 1 08 

54 Enftat. on 


as. 


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Aiyv7rnrjcccrfxov afpg/5. jctA, ibid 


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See, alfo Tzet?es upon Lycophron. V 

Chron. Canon. P. icq. 


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3: and Gpis, and related'to his 

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■much is apparent, that it is 1 

iymbolkal, charter 

DLXQVTO .5 


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CUCL0PE3 


I 





+ 



4 





The Analysis op Ancient Mythology 


r 






r. 


nations upon 


it was introduced from 


fea: into all which regions 
and Canaan 




i_‘J 


n 


H 


which 

of them 


ii^ht 


nor 






lWJ 




$ 

lTj 




where they were 


are 




I 


far fuperior to the natives in fcieiice and 


recorded as 


nuity. . The Grecians by not diftinguifhing between the 


called by his titles 


Deity, and the people, who 


; 


nans 


r "■ 


L 


J 






as 


■U 




were 










was the 

fame as 10 Zeus* and 






|R>- 




A 




111 time obfolete 

the mixed manner, in which it has been 

Poets 


r 




f 


r 




W A 






It is generally agreed by writers upon the lubje$r, that 


lans were of a fize fuperior to the common race 

H 

tribes of the Amonians 




Among the many 


of mankind 

which went abroad, were 




to be found people, 


Who were 




The river Nilus was called Triton, and afterwards Nilus. MsTmo^acrari S's 

Nr/Aera Ky?tAw7ro?. Scholia in Apollon 
Nilus Deorum maximus. Huetii Demons. Evang. Prop. 4 




4. v. 268. 


ctvro 


l ■> 


■_ j 


III 




r 1 


L j 


i 


Atyvirrts Zfy, Ne<Ae. Athenaens. L. 5. p. 203 

Vulcanus—Nilo hatus, Opas, ut iEgyptii appellant. Cicero de Naturd Deor 

L. 3. c. 22. Hence N&Aos KvxXa)^ mult have been the chief Deity 5 and the 
Cyclopians his votaries and priefts. 

Ne^Ao;o TSf^svoi K poviS'a,, Pindar, Pyth, Ode 4. p. 239. He was no other than 
Ouranus, and Coelus 


10 








(tiled 


I 



J 



OF 


t 






L'J 




-I". 








ians were his 


I I 


pian 


was 


M 


33 


K 




priefts and votaries 




L j 


SI 






them, and 


on the Ifthmus 


as 




t 


L ^ 


F 1 


or Corinth was 
been little 

L 

were made to the 




which feems 


hav 


ancient 


m 




r 




L5 


than a 7 #<p 0 £ or high altar, where 


l d 






1 




t9 


ian 


¥ 




L . 




S 


which ibme have fuppofed’ to have been the 

Homer, where the Pheacians once redded. 


of 




si 




ao . e 


Oi TTglP {ASV 7T0T SPCUOP £P BVgVY'OgO) TTTSgSitC, 


p 


J* 




OOP 




no reafon to think, that the city Hupereia 


But there is 


was 


that the Pheacians came from that country 




c 


in oicuy 

The notion arofe from a'common miftake 


or 








All the Greek 




y 


and'Romani Poets, and even Strabo with other reipe&able 

I 

writers 

Homer were near 


► 




being near JEtna ; and in lift, that they 


* ■ 


were in 




Erix upon the oppofite part of the ifland 


But Homer 

does not once mention the ifland during his whole ac- 


r 1 

l j 


:es arrive in Sicily, 

That there were 


oou nt of t he 


nor 


a 


till after many fubfequent adventures 






E£ 7\$ OCOT'Cp 7TCCtStylPtoCTltVCrW eXOLTOVTCtfySig 

Proclus in Photic. C. ccxxxix, p. cSz 


xoit rcm *t$ 


I 


as 


HI 










£85 wttotikt&iti KwA&)7T« 

Euripides makes them the fons of Oceanus. * 

I v Of 7T0 VTtti ircuS'ZZ ©S3 






it* 




r 


Cycldps; V. 21 

KvX.A<t)7T00V XCthBUBVQS GtotiOS 


YuK&607r€$ O/fcBO* Spflfa Clt'crPOKTQyOt 






KOii 8 V#GtV ZT CLVTCf* 




*9 Kdi eftf UtfOV ^X ai0V 

Y»VX?\GO r bl 




3 


Panfanias.-Ij. 2 p 


* j 4 '*. - 

OdyflT. Z. V. $«--T 7 r&ftcLy 3 oi i&v 






M 


Xixzhtfy KafJt&pww> Schof ihiu 


Tty* SV 


ao 


L _ 


r I 




nans. 


Vol. I 






f 


-7\ 










of Ancient Mvthologt 


The Analysj 


c 


o 




o 


rv 


3 


L J 


3 P 5 < 


2,7 


/ 






r 




L i 


one of the mo ft hide 


cl 


xan 




T 




monfters that ever poetic fancy framed, be ftiled 


nrace'- 

I 

and what this 


ous 

ful ? The whole is 


to 


miftake of terms 


a 






writer had mifapplied, related to Charis 


and the 


a tower 








eye was the cafement in 

and •fire were kept up. What confirmed the miftake was 

the 




an eye, which, as I have mentioned 








1 




'J 


The 






was 


a 


2 & 


and a fcepter 


have obferved; that 


fymbol of an eye. 


Orion was fuppofed to have had three fathers, 


merely be 


'.j 


caufe a tower, facred to him in Sicily, and called Tor-Patoi 




altered to T pwotToog ; which change feemed to counte 


was 


were. of the lame 


nance fuch an opinion 






region in that illand ; and their towers had undoubtedly 


y 


and were fuppofed to have been three in number 


Some 

fuch miftake was made about the towers- ftiled Charis : 




whence the Grecians formed their notion of the Graces 

As Charis was a tower facred to fire ; fome of the Poet 


P 1 


k. J 






have fuppofed a nymph of that name, who was beloved by 


*7 Cafaubon. not. To Strabon. L. i. p. 40 

3V1 y('at)7 t« q^gotTov J^oiUiCLUTTov. j?Efchyl. Prineth. P. 49 

Tea yap Cacrt?\sa xai kvpiov Ocr tpiv 0paah [aoj xai 

tarch. Ifis et Ofiris. P. 354. 

9 Lycophron. V. 328. See Suidas 

$jAc%OPOS 'TpITO'/TCiTOPCiS 'irOLV'VOn 

Meurfii not. in Lycophron. V. 328. 'Pa.Kre1Tp17ra.TgB Qaayavt? Kuyf 










Pu 




cnanrTgpj ypeapyen 




—1 


yeyovtvai Trgan&s. Etymolog. Mag. See 

'OLOVOS. 

Vulcan. 





Ti-ie Analysis of Ancient Mytholog 




•5 


5 ° 


2 4 » 




for their 

and his 


i 


m 


JOI 




o 


o 






veprefented as very great in. the 


are 


truly wonderful, fays 




3 3 


were 






Xc 


V 






They were the 


men 


r i 


I_, 


architects, who contrived the temple of Apollo at Delphi 




'J 


as the 

were far the moft eminent in 


r 1 


no 


H 


' 4 


people under this appellation 






in 


ace 


r. n 


L 






i many 




1 5 




n 


from the regions of blifs by a wall built by the Cyclopians 




Phe Sibyl accordingly at their exit tells him 


r~ 


►j 






34 - 


caminis 

' i 


Msenia confpicio 


From, hence we find that they 


were 






of the infernal manfions: which notion arofe from the real 


buildings, which they ereCted. For all the ideas of the an 


cients about; the infernal regions, and the torments of hell 




es in 




were 

rites 




J 




But the Cyclo 








. J 


pians were not mei 

i fL 

feveral cities in Greece 










c 




to 




I QctfJlhSiCC eXYUP407T0t$* KCCi ya.p 

top ©wrctueQi 


33 Ag UBS ©ec?i 5 re tepee xctTctcnteucco’ccaucti 

ATToAAwn top ’Notov wjco f o[j,n<TcevTQ top ev AsAc ^tou ‘Toiei 


KCil 








TficJ 








Paufan 


9 - P- 7 8 5 

TurreSj ut Ariftoteles, Cyclopes (invenerunt). Pliny 

Virgil. JEn. L. 6 . v. 630 




7. c. 56 




_\l 


. J 


34 




the 



I 


Ti-ie Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


5 ° 4 




Everfa manibus mtenia noftris concidant 


p ..l 


4 


{ 


h d 


3 ? 


TTBPi 








KvK?\ 00 7 i (XIU mVQV£<r<Ti 

The gate of the city, and the chief tower were 

afcribed to them : 39 K v a A ca ds kou tolvtol spyoc swou A 


■ 1 






G 




n 


r ~ 




■ J 






A r ctos 


O 


I 


J 


m Seneca as a 




40 




Some of them built Hermione, one of the mo ft ancient ci 

ties in Greece. The tradition was. .that it was built by 




Europis, a defcendant of 


41 


or 


r 




\ 


" Phoroneus, and Niobe; and was inhabited by Dorians, 

who cable from Argos: in which hiftory is more than at 

fir ft appears 

cavern ; where was 
dious paflage to the fhadcs below 

o'vmoi/.oi/-* The lake was 


near a ftagnant lake, and a 

CD J 


r 


r n 


mppofed to be the moft 


com nen 


i 


ads KCLTo&artv 


4 




Ti)V SIS 


|_ J 


neai 






Nonni Dionyfiaca. L. 41. p. 106S 
Euripides idles the walls of Argos Ov 

ha. 1 ii’yia. / atv0 : 5 R vv. Aw: 

9 Paufanias. L. 1. p. 146 






9 L 




r 


etna 


t 


1 


iroades. V. 1087 


1 , cupxncc rc/j.oi’Txi 




/ 








Seneca Thyenes. Adt. 2. V, 406. 

41 Ej'tos cTe 7 a IaGu.y 


40 


* " 






r 


'pOiC^iiPOS 0[J~OPGS 


S^LV Ilp/LUOVtt' OfXL^XP cTg 

oroc Euc'cottgs. Paufan. L. 2 


J. 


■i 


Ti)? CLC^CtlCtS 


yevtcrvai (pacriv E PfXt 


Asws V.pjAlOP 

41 Strabo. L. 8. p. 573 


19 


r 


p. 191 






s 


particularly ftiled'AAig; 


e 






•9 


of the fea 3 wht> were brought thither by Druops Areas 


or men 




to 








of Ancient Mythology 


The Analysi 


G 






r i 






L 


witnefles the country, from whence the Cyclopians 


came 


r l 

L P J 


Euripides fpeaks of the walls of ancient 


Hence when 48 


huilt by the Cyclopians after the Phenician rule 


as 




and method i the Phenicians alluded to were the &oiwcsg. 






HI 


■r 


are 




1 


r '1 
■ l 1 




as feven-in number 




ns are re 








> 


r 




in 


man 


1 




49 


ner 


J 


h 


ft 


i 


f- 


J 


A 












r o.y s S7TTU, u,sv sivctt 




u 


0 




i 






i_ 


i 


I 


* 


i" 


as an 


T 




a n ranee oj 


tans. 


were 
their la - 

name 


Z 1 


'i 


m r 


jeven in 




hour 


m 






i 


for perfons,. as I have fhewn 




ces 


cians 


■i 


i 


r i 


i 


anes were 


r ■ 1 




1 


pian. towers built by the people, of whom I have been treat 


I 


■ ■■r 




ing. Some of them flood towards the harbour to afford 


l 




the night. They 


in 


► 




l ■’l 


pj 


were facred to After, or 50 Aftarte; and ftiled Aftr.o-caer, and 






Caer 


s 






<botvixi xavovi xu.1 tvkois npp.oaiA'Svu. 


Eurip. Here. Fure-ns. V. 944 




\ 


** Strabo. L. 8. p. 572-.. 

Many places were denominated from After j fuch &s Afteria, Afterion 
AfteriSj Aflraea, Aftarte. See Steph. Byzantinus. A q~epicv 3 7roAi$ ©gT 7 «A(aL 

fi )w riipeaci. Idem, A ii x a. ty K p>n n 0 sxaAeno, Hefychius 




3 






Aq$ 


1 



n 


"i 


Analysis of Ancient Mythology 


■■ 


K 


rr 


L _J 




Si 


M 


ua 




LTJ 


L 


h 




rs 




r*. 




■ ■■ 


i 




: l 


Wm 


r ^ 


were 




r 






r 


c 


a 




r 


i 


r 


. * 


A 




t 


¥ 




¥ 




. «: 


* 




¥ 


* 


A 


"i 


S' 




and was wo 




or 


P ■ 


i 


j 


I 


y 




w 


r j 


>ned emblem of a ierpent 


: % 




d 


. ‘J 


may have been 




j 






B 


P 1 


r 


i 


k_i 


oni 






S '" n 

i 


« 


y 


> 




A 


But whatever may have been 


lans 


pur 


4 


I 






I 


P 1 




j 




* 


r 


i 


l 


r 


r 


1 


a 


"l 




I 






to have 

Athenians acknow 


I 


¥ 


* 


ri 


¥ 






# 


► 


¥ 


The Cyclopian buildings were alio called Quraniad 
tia reject. Euripid. Eledtra. V 

Both Cuclops, and Cuclopes, was the name of a place. We may there: 

fore, I think, be pretty well allured, that the Cyclopians were from hence de 
nominated. And as facred places had their names from the Deity, to whom 

they were dedicated, it is very probable, that the Cuclopian towers were-named 
from Ccelus Ops, the Deity there worlhiped : for I have Ihewn, that this p 

pie were the reputed children of Ouranus, and Ccelus 






P* 


KvTtKooirUct 


rj 


ap a 


I 


J " 


H 


n 


5 


3 


I ■ 1 


L J 


5 


4 


. l 


I 


i 









n 


I 



The Analysis of Ancient 


U 


H 


1 


L' 


4 




60 


KCU 




L j 




i 


many ancient temples were ornamented 

tern 


account 




4 


j 


* 






curious 


ne 




6i 5 


k 




J 


k 


4 


in 




is a 


I 






I 




J 




*1 


Caph-Xfis, which dignifies Petra Ifidis, and relates to the 


J 




For we muft not .regard fexes 
ations, when we treat of ancient deities 


nor 


r ~ 






h 




1 t 


4 




07 , 




J 


I 


mt 


( 


t" 


rn 


I* 


I 


_ J 




63 




ffwrrosv 


V 


4 










+ 


L Z 


X? have taken notice that the Cyclopians of Thrace 


were 




i 




i 


i 


which, name 




J 


J 


I 


es 


l 


i 


i 


"J 




i 


"i 


E 


their rites,. and place of wo 

hon., or 






i 


i 


i 


mis 


4 


_] 


i 


i 


j 




L . J 


find that it was 

h 


we 


I 


4 


4 


was facred to the Sun :: 




It 


ntuated near a 

fe 

I 

and there were 

4 

other countries 

was an 


us 


r 


1 




es of this name m 

* > * 

called Arezj- and the lion 

I 

had the fame denomina 


I 


i 




I 


T 


4 




h h 


I 


J 


un was 


P* 


4 


r 




j 




* 




-f 




j 


H 




4L 


I 


■■ 


* 


j 


I 


b 


h. 


y 


.> 4 


P 


i" 


I 


Orphic Fragment- 6 . y. ip. the PJ^uies,., arid Diopufus. Frag. 8 

Schol. ibid 


do 


i 


r 1 


L 4 


J 


■p 


> 


1 -“--I 


1 


+ 


I 


V 




y. z 


J- 






Hence the ftream and lake of Cephifus in Boeotia ■ were filled u/ar a xai 

K>i<pio-ffiJ'os: by the ancient Dorians exprelTed.Ka^wjridV, from Ka.q;-I<ris 

v; io 

-* t 

Metis was the fame as Pan.- 


61 


Ai.uvn 




Orphic. Hy.mn. 3t 

Hymn. iq. V. 10 

Meed-Ous, whence came Me^ouru 


6 % 


P 


I 




1 


h 


63 


"1 


I 




I 




is- exactly analogous to Cotirioufa, Ai 

thoufa, Alphioufa, Ampeloufa,; Pithecoufa, Scotoufa, Arginoufa, Lampadoufa 
Araathoufa, Ophioufa, Afterotifa y and fignifies the temple of. Metis* or divine 

Affcer*Ous was a temple orrMount Caucafus : Amath-Ous, the fame 






I- 


L 


r 


1 


r j 


* 


wifdom 

Cyprus: Ampel-Ous, a tempi 

Oos., in Egypt: all dedicated to 

'Xacryctai Movrsiois ret rtuv 1 

tarch. Ills etOfiris. P. 3 66 


Mauritania : Alphi-Ous, in Elis: Achpr 


I 


e m 

the Deity under different tides 




m 




■. 






64 




1 




tion 


r- 


j 


f 




4 











1 - 


ft" ■ 




K< 


. ► ■ 


■T-| * 


I 


t W V ' j 


J 


i 


T 


«M ► V 


'M 


p ■ ■ i f 1 ■ 


4 Pi 


* v* ■ 


■r 


-■ft 




#'■>1 


■X 


* : 


; 


■ * k- 


k 




i* 




rf 


•J ft. . 


S 


K- 


i 


ri 




+ J* ** 


• . I. . 


4 


H . 1 




■r 


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i 


■i 


h 


H 


■Ml 


r 


v 


h: 




fi M 


L - ■ IfJM 


> "I*** 

K 1 r ■' ■ 


■■ ■ ^l-hd 


H- fc V-b- 


■4 ■ 


f 


r-'*J 


Y - + ^ ^ ^ 


■ ■ .■ 


( 


ft 


V 


L P • > jjy . . a 


*4 


P'H*fc 

i. A- A T 


■ II 


H4 P 


ft 






■■ p ■■ - 


s ■■:■’ 


■ ■ ■■ * 


■ 


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