Topic: Pawn Movement Description: A pawn moves forward one square, but it captures diagonally. On its first move, a pawn can move forward two squares. Topic: King Movement Description: The king moves one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Topic: Knight Movement Description: The knight moves in an L-shape: two squares in one direction and then one square perpendicular, or one square in one direction and then two squares perpendicular. Topic: Castling Description: Castling is a move that involves the king moving two squares towards a rook on the player's first rank, then the rook moving to the square over which the king crossed. Topic: Check Description: A check is a situation where a king is under threat of being captured on the next move. Topic: Checkmate Description: A game of chess is won by checkmating your opponent's king, which means the king is in a position to be captured and cannot escape. Topic: Stalemate Description: A stalemate occurs when the player whose turn it is to move has no legal move and their king is not in check. It results in a draw. Topic: En Passant Description: En passant is a special pawn capture that can occur if a pawn moves two squares forward from its starting position and lands beside an opponent's pawn. Topic: Chess Clock Description: A chess clock is used to track the total time each player takes for their moves. If a player's time runs out, they lose the game. Topic: Fork Description: A fork is a tactic where a single piece attacks two or more of the opponent's pieces at the same time. Topic: Bishop Movement Description: A bishop moves diagonally any number of squares, but cannot jump over other pieces. Topic: Pin Description: A pin occurs when a piece cannot move without exposing a more valuable piece, like the king or queen, to attack. Topic: Discovered Check Description: A discovered check happens when a piece moves, revealing an attack on the opponent's king by another piece. Topic: Rook Movement Description: A rook moves any number of squares along a row or column. Topic: Gambit Description: A gambit is a chess opening in which a player sacrifices material, usually a pawn, with the hope of achieving a subsequent advantageous position. Topic: Fifty-Move Rule Description: The fifty-move rule allows a player to claim a draw if no pawn has been moved and no capture has been made in the last fifty moves by each player. Topic: Difference Between Check and Checkmate Description: Check is when the king is in danger but can still escape, whereas checkmate is when the king is in danger and cannot escape. Topic: Queen Movement Description: The queen can move any number of squares along a row, column, or diagonal. Topic: Perpetual Check Description: Perpetual check is a situation in which one player can check the opponent's king continuously, resulting in a draw if it occurs three times. Topic: Phases of a Chess Game Description: The three phases of a chess game are the opening, the middlegame, and the endgame.