Question 1,Question 1_original_sentences,Question 2,Question 2_original_sentences,Question 3,Question 3_original_sentences,intervention_1,Question 4intervention_1_original_sentences,intervention_2,Question 4intervention_2_original_sentences,Question 5,Question 5_original_sentences,fn
rats,['Seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study.'],postnatal day 7,['Seven-day-old rats were exposed to 2.3% sevoflurane to induce nerve injury.'],Yes,['Spatial memory and learning ability were detected by the Morris water maze assay.'],sevoflurane,['Sevoflurane is a common anesthetic and is widely used in pediatric clinical surgery to induce and maintain anesthesia through inhalation.'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,['Seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study.'],10.1002_brb3.2556.pdf
mice,"['Methods: The volatile anesthetic, sevoﬂurane (sevo) was administered to C57BL6 postnatal day 7 (P7) mice in a 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen gas mixture.']",postnatal day 7,"['Methods: The volatile anesthetic, sevoﬂurane (sevo) was administered to C57BL6 postnatal day 7 (P7) mice in a 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen gas mixture.']",Yes,"['Mice were examined for cognition and neuropsychiatric-like behavioral changes at 1–5 months of age.', 'Using the active place avoidance (APA) test and the novel object recognition (NOR) test, we demonstrated that P7 sevo-treated mice showed a deﬁcit in learning and memory both during periadolescence and adulthood.', 'We then employed a battery of neuropsychiatric-like behavioral tests to examine social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior.']",sevoflurane,"['Methods: The volatile anesthetic, sevoﬂurane (sevo) was administered to C57BL6 postnatal day 7 (P7) mice in a 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen gas mixture.']",None,[],C57BL/6,"['Methods: The volatile anesthetic, sevoﬂurane (sevo) was administered to C57BL6 postnatal day 7 (P7) mice in a 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen gas mixture.']",10.1002_brb3.514.pdf
mice,"['C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).']",postnatal day 14,"['Young C57BL/6 mice, postnatal 14 days, were intraperitoneally administrated with repeated dosage of 75 mg/kg ketamine per day for six consecutive days (n ¼ 28).']",Yes,['Cognitive examination with the Morris water maze test showed that ketamine-induced memory impairment was signiﬁcantly improved by miR-34c downregulation.'],ketamine,"['Ketamine, synthesized in 1962, has been widely used in clinic anesthesia due to its rapid onset and minimal side-effects (Domino, 2010).']",None,[],C57BL/6,"['C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).']",10.1002_cbin.10349.pdf
rats,['Seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to brain hypoxia–ischemia (HI).'],postnatal day 7,"['Brain HI was performed in 7-day-old male and female Sprague–Dawley rats as described previously [10, 11].']",No,"[""The document does not mention any specific behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",sevoflurane,"['We tested whether postconditioning with sevoflurane, the most commonly used general anesthetic in pediatric anesthesia, reduced neonatal brain injury in rats.']",isoflurane,['Neonates were anesthetized by isoflurane and their left common carotid arteries were permanently ligated with a double 7-0 surgical silk.'],Sprague Dawley,['Seven-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to brain hypoxia–ischemia (HI).'],10.1007_s10072-014-1726-4.pdf
mice,"['We used 7-day-old (PND7) CD-1 mice (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) for all experiments.']",postnatal day 7,"['We used 7-day-old (PND7) CD-1 mice (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) for all experiments.']",No,"['The experiments were approved by the Animal Use and Care Committees at the University of Colorado, the Office of Laboratory Animal Resources (OLAR), Aurora, Colorado and the Animal Use and Care Committees of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.']",ketamine,['We used an early exposure to ketamine as a well- established model of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity in mice [14] and developmental modeling of infrapyramidal bundle as a well-established model of in vivo pruning [15].'],None,[],CD-1,"['We used 7-day-old (PND7) CD-1 mice (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) for all experiments.']",10.1007_s12035-017-0730-0.pdf
rats,['Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoﬂurane inhalation and compared to controls.'],postnatal day 6,['Six-day-old Wistar rats received either intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of propofol or underwent inhalational anesthesia with sevoﬂurane and were separated from their mother during the experimental phase.'],Yes,"['Spatial memory learning was assessed by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and the hole board test, performed in 7 weeks old animals who underwent the same anesthetic procedure.']",propofol,['Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoﬂurane inhalation and compared to controls.'],sevoflurane,['Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoﬂurane inhalation and compared to controls.'],Wistar,['Newborn Wistar rats were treated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of propofol or sevoﬂurane inhalation and compared to controls.'],10.1007_s12640-009-9063-8.pdf
rats,"['Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the control group (equal volume of normal saline), and the ketamine-anesthesia group (40 mg/kg ketamine in four injections at 1 h intervals).']",postnatal day 7,"['The S-phase marker 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered after ketamine exposure to postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rats, and the neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG was assessed using single- or double- immunoﬂuorescence staining.']",Yes,['Spatial reference memory was tested by Morris water maze at 2 months after PND-7 rats exposed to ketamine treatment.'],ketamine,"['In the treated group, ketamine was diluted in 0.9 % normal saline, and PND-7 rats were intraperi- toneally administered with 40 mg/kg doses of ketamine in four injections at 1 h intervals (40 mg/kg 9 4 injections).']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the control group (equal volume of normal saline), and the ketamine-anesthesia group (40 mg/kg ketamine in four injections at 1 h intervals).']",10.1007_s12640-016-9615-7.pdf
rats,['Neonatal Exposure to Low-Dose (1.2%) Sevoflurane Increases Rats’ Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in Later Life'],postnatal day 7,"['On postnatal day (P) 7, rats were treated with 1.2% sevoflurane (1.2% sevo group), 2.4% sevoflurane (2.4% sevo group), and air control (C group) for 6 h.']",Yes,"['On P35–40, rats’ hippocampus-dependent learning and memory was tested using the Morris water maze.']",sevoflurane,['Neonatal Exposure to Low-Dose (1.2%) Sevoflurane Increases Rats’ Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in Later Life'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Sprague-Dawley multiparous dams (n = 31) with litters containing male pups (n = 135) were purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China.']",10.1007_s12640-018-9877-3.pdf
mice,"['Therefore, we assessed the neurobehavioral effect of in-utero exposure to sevoflurane on social interaction behaviors in C57BL/6 mice.']",gestational day 14,"['Therefore, we anesthetized the pregnant mice on gestational day 14, and tested social interaction behaviors of the offspring mice at one- and two-month-old.']",Yes,"['The pregnant mice were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen for 2 h, and their offspring mice were tested in three-chambered social paradigm, which includes three 10-min sessions of habituation, sociability, and preference for social novelty.']",sevoflurane,['The pregnant mice were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen for 2 h.'],None,[],C57BL/6,"['Therefore, we assessed the neurobehavioral effect of in-utero exposure to sevoflurane on social interaction behaviors in C57BL/6 mice.']",10.1016_j.bbrc.2021.03.063.pdf
mice,['Twenty-eight male and thirty-one female mice were randomly assigned to receive 3.0% sevoﬂurane or 60% oxygen on postnatal day 6.'],postnatal day 6,['Twenty-eight male and thirty-one female mice were randomly assigned to receive 3.0% sevoﬂurane or 60% oxygen on postnatal day 6.'],Yes,['They were tested for social interaction behaviors at one- and two-month-old.'],sevoflurane,['Twenty-eight male and thirty-one female mice were randomly assigned to receive 3.0% sevoﬂurane or 60% oxygen on postnatal day 6.'],None,[],C57BL/6,['Neonatal exposure to sevoﬂurane impairs preference for social novelty in C57BL/6 female mice at early-adulthood'],10.1016_j.bbrc.2022.01.022.pdf
rats,['We developed a maternal fetal rat model to study the effects of isoﬂurane-induced neurotoxicity on the fetuses of pregnant rats exposed in utero.'],gestational day 14,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 14 were exposed to 1.3 or 3% isoﬂurane for 1 h.'],Yes,"['At postnatal day 28, spatial learning and memory of the offspring were examined using the Morris Water Maze.']",isoflurane,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 14 were exposed to 1.3 or 3% isoﬂurane for 1 h.'],None,[],Not specified,[],10.1016_j.bcp.2012.06.001.pdf
rats,"['Because peak anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in rodents occurs on postnatal day (PND) 7 [22], Sprague-Dawley (SD) PND7 rats weighing 14–18 g, provided by the Animal Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China) were used in this study.']",postnatal day 7,"['Because peak anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in rodents occurs on postnatal day (PND) 7 [22], Sprague-Dawley (SD) PND7 rats weighing 14–18 g, provided by the Animal Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China) were used in this study.']",Yes,['Long-term cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and passive avoidance test as the rats grew up.'],sevoflurane,['Neuronal apoptosis may not contribute to the long-term cognitive dysfunction induced by a brief exposure to 2% sevoﬂurane in developing rats'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Because peak anesthesia-induced neurodegeneration in rodents occurs on postnatal day (PND) 7 [22], Sprague-Dawley (SD) PND7 rats weighing 14–18 g, provided by the Animal Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China) were used in this study.']",10.1016_j.biopha.2016.01.034.pdf
rats,['Offspring (F1) of unexposed or exposed to sevoflurane on postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) were subjected to behavioural and brain gene expression evaluations.'],postnatal day 5,['Offspring (F1) of unexposed or exposed to sevoflurane on postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) were subjected to behavioural and brain gene expression evaluations.'],Yes,"['The F0 male and female rats were sequentially evaluated on the elevated plus maze (EPM) starting on P60, for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response on P70, and for corticosterone responses to physical restraint for 30 min on P160 followed by isolation of brain and gamete tissue samples for further analyses (Fig. 1).', 'The F1 rats, 144 in total [n¼18 per sex (two) per group (four)], which were subjected to facility rearing only, were evaluated in the EPM starting on P60, PPI of startle on P70, Morris water maze (MWM) testing starting on P79, and for the corticosterone responses to restraint for 30 min on P90, followed by isolation of brain tissue samples for further analyses.']",sevoflurane,['Offspring (F1) of unexposed or exposed to sevoflurane on postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) were subjected to behavioural and brain gene expression evaluations.'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,['Offspring (F1) of unexposed or exposed to sevoflurane on postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley rats (F0) were subjected to behavioural and brain gene expression evaluations.'],10.1016_j.bja.2018.04.034.pdf
rats,['Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain HI'],postnatal day 7,['Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain HI'],Yes,"['Twelve rats in each group underwent behavioral testing', 'Results of the Morris water maze test are shown in Table 1', 'The novel object recognition test reflects non-spatial learning and memory ability']",sevoflurane,['Our aim was to investigate whether sevoﬂurane postconditioning improves long-term learning and memory of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage (HIBD) rats'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,['Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to brain HI'],10.1016_j.brainres.2015.10.050.pdf
rats,['A maternal fetal rat model was developed to study the effects of gestational isoﬂurane exposure on postnatal memory and learning and investigate the potential mechanisms.'],gestational day 14,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 14 were ex- posed to 1.3% isoﬂurane for 4 h.'],Yes,['Spatial learning and memory of the offspring were examined using the Mor- ris Water Maze.'],isoflurane,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 14 were ex- posed to 1.3% isoﬂurane for 4 h.'],None,[],Not specified,[],10.1016_j.ejphar.2011.08.050.pdf
rats,"['Seven-day-old rats received intraperitoneal saline (DEX 0) or DEX (6.6, 12.5, 25 μg/kg) 30 min before exposure to 3% sevoﬂurane with 21% oxygen for 4 h (n = 10 per group).']",postnatal day 7,"['Seven-day-old (P7) Wistar rats (male and female) rat pups (body weight, 12–15 g) were used in this study.']",Yes,"['Spatial memory retention was examined using the Morris water maze by blinded observer as described previously (Goyagi, 2018).', 'Fear conditioning was performed to evaluate contextual memory retention using the fear conditioning system (MK-450RSQ; Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) as described previously (Goyagi, 2018).']",sevoflurane,"['Seven-day-old rats received intraperitoneal saline (DEX 0) or DEX (6.6, 12.5, 25 μg/kg) 30 min before exposure to 3% sevoﬂurane with 21% oxygen for 4 h (n = 10 per group).']",dexmedetomidine,"['Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) has provided neuroprotection against hypoxic ischemic injury, relatively little is known about whether it has the neuroprotective eﬀects against anesthetic-induced neurodegen- eration.']",Wistar,"['Seven-day-old (P7) Wistar rats (male and female) rat pups (body weight, 12–15 g) were used in this study.']",10.1016_j.ijdevneu.2019.04.002.pdf
rats,"['In this study, Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were exposed to 1.1% isoﬂurane or (cid:2)g or the vehicle was intraventricularly air for 4 h.']",postnatal day 7,"['In this study, Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were exposed to 1.1% isoﬂurane or (cid:2)g or the vehicle was intraventricularly air for 4 h.']",No,"[""The document does not mention any behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",isoflurane,"['In this study, Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were exposed to 1.1% isoﬂurane or (cid:2)g or the vehicle was intraventricularly air for 4 h.']",None,['The document only mentions the use of isoflurane as an anesthetic intervention.'],Sprague Dawley,"['In this study, Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats at postnatal day 7 were exposed to 1.1% isoﬂurane or (cid:2)g or the vehicle was intraventricularly air for 4 h.']",10.1016_j.neulet.2013.04.008.pdf
rats,['Effects of fetal exposure to isoﬂurane on postnatal memory and learning in rats'],gestational day 21,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 21 were anesthetized with 1.3% isoﬂurane for 6 h.'],Yes,['Spatial memory and learning of the fetal exposed pups were examined with the Morris Water Maze at juvenile and adult ages.'],isoflurane,['Pregnant rats at gestational day 21 were anesthetized with 1.3% isoﬂurane for 6 h.'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['SpragueeDawley pregnant rats (Charles River Laboratories, Inc Wilmington, MA) were housed in polypropylene cages']",10.1016_j.neuropharm.2007.09.005.pdf
rats,"['Extended general anesthesia early in life is neurotoxic in multiple species. However, little is known about the temporal progression of neurodegeneration after general anesthesia. It is also unknown if a reduction in natural cell death, or an increase in cell creation, occurs as a form of compensation after perinatal anesthesia exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate markers of neurodegeneration and cellular division at 2, 24, or 72 h after sevoﬂurane (Sevo) exposure (6 h) in fully oxygenated postnatal day (PND) 7 rats.']",postnatal day 7,"['The goal of this study was to evaluate markers of neurodegeneration and cellular division at 2, 24, or 72 h after sevoﬂurane (Sevo) exposure (6 h) in fully oxygenated postnatal day (PND) 7 rats.']",No,"['While still controversial, an ever-growing body of evidence in- dicates that extended exposure to general anesthesia, including Sevo, early in life has the potential to be neurotoxic. Here, we conﬁrmed that in adequately oxygenated animals, Sevo exposure caused neurodegen- eration but to a lesser extent in some brain regions (e.g., hippocampus) than previously seen. Moreover, our comprehensive assessment of the brain highlights additional regions that may be vulnerable to anesthesia related neuronal degeneration. Most striking was the damage seen in the IG; over 10% of the total cells stained positive for FJC at 24 h post- exposure. By including a time course, we also established that neuro- degeneration does not progress at a uniform pace after Sevo exposure. The temporal pattern of FJC staining also suggests a second wave of degeneration at 24 h, likely driven by a diﬀerent mechanism than that which caused degeneration at 2 h. The realization that anesthesia re- lated neurodegeneration does not occur at a uniform pace, and that damage may be more spread than initially assumed, is crucial for the future study of mechanisms of and treatments for anesthesia related neurotoxicity.']",sevoflurane,"['The goal of this study was to evaluate markers of neurodegeneration and cellular division at 2, 24, or 72 h after sevoﬂurane (Sevo) exposure (6 h) in fully oxygenated postnatal day (PND) 7 rats.']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles Rivers, USA) arrived on gestational day 5.']",10.1016_j.ntt.2020.106890.pdf
rats,"['A total of 80 healthy 7-day-old SD rats, male or female, weighing 12-18 g were selected.']",postnatal day 7,"['A total of 80 healthy 7-day-old SD rats, male or female, weighing 12-18 g were selected.']",Yes,['The cognitive ability in rats was tested by water maze.'],ketamine,"['The animals in experiment group A received 80 mg/kg ketamine l mL by intraperitoneal injection every 2 h, continuous for 3 times.']",propofol,"['The animals in experiment group B received 80 mg/kg propofol 1 mL by intraperitoneal injection every 2 h, continuous for 3 times.']",Sprague Dawley,"['A total of 80 healthy 7-day-old SD rats, male or female, weighing 12-18 g were selected.']",10.1016_S1995-7645(14)60066-3.pdf
mice,"['Seven day old C57BL/6 male mice (Beijing Vital River Company, Beijing, China) were used in this study.']",postnatal day 7,"['Seven day old C57BL/6 male mice (Beijing Vital River Company, Beijing, China) were used in this study.']",Yes,"['Spatial learning and memory in sevoflurane-treated mice were examined using the Morris water maze test,', 'We next monitored the spatial learning and memory ability of 9 week postnatal mice (P63−P65) using the Morris water maze test.', 'To further investigate the recognition memory defects induced by sevoflurane, we performed the novel object recognition test,']",sevoflurane,"['Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents, has been demonstrated to induce widespread neurodegeneration in the developing brain.', 'Sevoflurane, also called ﬂuoromethyl, is one of the most commonly used volatile anesthetic agents for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.']",None,[],C57BL/6,"['Seven day old C57BL/6 male mice (Beijing Vital River Company, Beijing, China) were used in this study.']",10.1021_acschemneuro.0c00106.pdf
rats,['Six-day-old rats were exposed to 1.5% isoﬂurane for 30 min at 24 h before the brain hypoxia–ischemia that was induced by left common carotid arterial ligation and then ex- posure to 8% oxygen for 2 h.'],postnatal day 6,['Six-day-old rats were exposed to 1.5% isoﬂurane for 30 min at 24 h before the brain hypoxia–ischemia...'],Yes,"['The motor coordination functions of the rats were assayed by the rotarod test.', 'The learning and memory functions were evaluated by the Y-maze and social recognition tasks.']",isoflurane,['Six-day-old rats were exposed to 1.5% isoﬂurane for 30 min at 24 h before the brain hypoxia–ischemia...'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Brieﬂy, 7-day-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by isoﬂurane in 30% O2–70% N2, and their left common carotid arteries were permanently ligated with a double 7-0 surgical silk.']",10.1097_01.anes.0000291447.21046.4d.pdf
mice,['A total of 120 (61 male and 59 female) immature C57BL/6 mice (body weight = 4.4±0.9 g. at postnatal day 7) were used in this study.'],postnatal day 7,['Mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 hours at postnatal day 7.'],Yes,"['Mice underwent Y-maze and novel object position recognition tests (n=12 per group) on days 56-62 or were sacrificed for either immunohistochemistry (n=8 per group), Western blotting (n=8 per group) at day 35 or were sacrificed for electron microscopy at day 63.']",isoflurane,['Mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 hours at postnatal day 7.'],None,[],C57BL/6,['A total of 120 (61 male and 59 female) immature C57BL/6 mice (body weight = 4.4±0.9 g. at postnatal day 7) were used in this study.'],10.1097_ALN.0000000000002904.pdf
mice,"['Neonatal Exposure to Sevoflurane in Mice Causes Deficits in Maternal Behavior Later in Adulthood', 'Six-day-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h with or without hydrogen (1.3%) as part of the carrier gas mixture.']",postnatal day 6,['Six-day-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h with or without hydrogen (1.3%) as part of the carrier gas mixture.'],Yes,"['The first day after parturition, the maternal behaviors of dams were evaluated.', 'The survival rate of newborn pups was recorded for 6 days after birth.', 'Pup retrieval test: control, sevoflurane, and sevoflurane + hydrogen groups (n = 10–11 dams for each group); the primary outcome measure was latencies for pup retrieval; in the pup retrieval test, a minimum biologically important difference was set at a 30% increase from the baseline level in the control group.', 'Olfactory Test The olfactory test was conducted as described previously.3']",sevoflurane,"['Neonatal Exposure to Sevoflurane in Mice Causes Deficits in Maternal Behavior Later in Adulthood', 'Six-day-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h with or without hydrogen (1.3%) as part of the carrier gas mixture.']",hydrogen,['Six-day-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h with or without hydrogen (1.3%) as part of the carrier gas mixture.'],C57BL/6,['Six-day-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h with or without hydrogen (1.3%) as part of the carrier gas mixture.'],10.1097_ALN.0000435846.28299.e7.pdf
mice,['Methods: Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoﬂurane for 6 h.'],postnatal day 6,['Methods: Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoﬂurane for 6 h.'],Yes,"['Cognitive functions were tested by pavlovian conditioned fear test.', 'Social behavior was tested by social recognition and interaction tests.']",sevoflurane,['Neonatal Exposure to Sevoﬂurane Induces Abnormal Social Behaviors and Deﬁcits in Fear Conditioning in Mice.'],None,[],C57BL/6,['Methods: Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 3% sevoﬂurane for 6 h.'],10.1097_ALN.0b013e3181974fa2.pdf
both,"['Organotypic hippocampal slices were derived from postnatal day 8 or 9 C57Bl/6 mice pups', 'Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to 6 h of 0.75% isoﬂurane']",postnatal day 7,['Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to 6 h of 0.75% isoﬂurane'],Yes,['Cognitive function was assessed in vivo on postnatal day 40 using fear conditioning.'],isoflurane,['Isoﬂurane-induced injury was provoked in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in vitro or in vivo in postnatal day 7 rats by a 6-h exposure to 0.75% isoﬂurane with or without dexmedetomidine.'],None,[],C57BL/6,['Organotypic hippocampal slices were derived from postnatal day 8 or 9 C57Bl/6 mice pups'],10.1097_ALN.0b013e31819daedd.pdf
mice,"['Three month-old C57BL/6J female mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were mated with male mice.']",gestational day 14,"['Pregnant mice (gestation stage day 14) and mouse primary neurons were treated with 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h and 4.1% sevoflurane for 6 h, respectively.']",Yes,"['Separately, learning and memory function in the offspring mice was determined in the Morris Water Maze.']",sevoflurane,"['Pregnant mice (gestation stage day 14) and mouse primary neurons were treated with 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 h and 4.1% sevoflurane for 6 h, respectively.']",None,[],C57BL/6,"['Three month-old C57BL/6J female mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were mated with male mice.']",10.1097_ALN.0b013e3182834d5d.pdf
rats,['Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.'],postnatal day 7,['Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.'],No,"[""The document does not mention any behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",midazolam,['Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.'],isoflurane,['Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h.'],Sprague Dawley,"['Sprague–Dawley rat pups (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) at P7 were used for all experiments.']",10.1097_ALN.0b013e318289bc9b.pdf
rats,['Seven-day-old rats were divided into two random groups.'],postnatal day 7,"['All of them were injected with ketamine intraperitoneally at postnatal day (PND) 7; one group was sacriﬁced at PND 7, but the other group was sacriﬁced at PND 28.']",No,"[""The document does not mention any specific behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",ketamine,"['All of them were injected with ketamine intraperitoneally at postnatal day (PND) 7; one group was sacriﬁced at PND 7, but the other group was sacriﬁced at PND 28.']",None,['The document only mentions the use of ketamine as an intervention.'],Sprague Dawley,['Animals Seven-day-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats (body weight 11.1–17.5 g) were housed in plastic cages with their mothers and maintained on a 12 : 12 h light/dark cycle at 22–258C ambient temperature with food and water available ad libitum for the mothers.'],10.1097_EJA.0b013e328330d453.pdf
rats,"['Propofol is commonly used in pregnancy for non-obstetric surgery. Xiong et al4 showed that anaesthesia with propofol on gestational day 18 (E18) associated with the up-regulation of caspase-3 and the loss of neurons, as well as associated with the down-regulation synaptophysin expression in offspring rats’ hippocampus and caused persistent spatial learning impairment in offspring.']",gestational day 7,"['In this study, propofol was administered to the pregnant rats in the early pregnancy (E7).']",Yes,['The learning and memory function of the offspring were tested by Morris water maze (MWM) test on post-natal day 30.'],propofol,"['In this study, propofol was administered to the pregnant rats in the early pregnancy (E7).']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from the animal science research department of the Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College (JZDWNO: 2011-0030; Nanchang, Jiangxi,China).']",10.1111_jcmm.13524.pdf
rats,['Thirty-six 7-day-old rats were randomly exposed for 6 h to either 3% sevoﬂurane (S) or air (NC) as a placebo.'],postnatal day 7,['Thirty-six 7-day-old rats were randomly exposed for 6 h to either 3% sevoﬂurane (S) or air (NC) as a placebo.'],No,"['In this investigation, we examined the roles of Cdk5 and GSK3 in tau hyperphosphorylation in neonatal rat hippocampus induced by sevoﬂurane. We also assessed the effect of sevoﬂurane on the levels of tau phosphory- lation at phosphor-Ser396/404 and tau mRNA in the hippocampus of neonatal rat.']",sevoflurane,['Thirty-six 7-day-old rats were randomly exposed for 6 h to either 3% sevoﬂurane (S) or air (NC) as a placebo.'],None,[],Wistar,"['Thirty-six neonatal male Wistar rats aged 7 days were purchased from Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science (Hangzhou, China) (SYXK(zhe)2005-0072).']",10.1111_pan.12263.pdf
rats,['Forty-eight SpragueDawley (SD) pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups'],gestational day 21,['Rats at the gestational age of 21 days (E21) were used in subsequent experiments.'],Yes,['Their offsprings were subjected to Morris water maze at day 28 and day 90 after birth to evaluate learning and memory.'],isoflurane,"['Forty-eight SpragueDawley (SD) pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and inhaled 1.3% isoflurane (the Iso1 group), 2.0% isoflurane (the Iso2 group)']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,['Forty-eight SpragueDawley (SD) pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups'],10.1186_s12871-018-0471-2.pdf
mice,"['Seven-day-old male CD-1 mouse pups underwent 1-hour exposure to 0 (air), 5, or 100 ppm CO in air with or without isoflurane (2%).']",postnatal day 7,"['Seven-day-old male CD-1 mouse pups underwent 1-hour exposure to 0 (air), 5, or 100 ppm CO in air with or without isoflurane (2%).']",No,"['Although the data indicate that low concentrations of CO can inhibit apoptosis in the developing brain, we have not conclusively shown that CO directly prevents isoflurane- induced neuronal apoptosis. This is important because the CO effect could simply be a generalized, nonspecific phenomenon. Thus, it is possible that CO-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and anesthetic-induced apoptosis are 2 distinct processes that occur simultaneously and independently within the developing brain but not necessarily in the same cells. If these 2 processes are mutually exclusive, then certain cell populations would undergo apoptosis after exposure to isoflurane while totally different cell populations, destined to die via developmental programmed cell death, would survive due to CO- mediated inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Although the total number of neurons undergoing apoptosis in this scenario would be relatively decreased compared with isoflurane exposure alone, the impact on neurodevelopment could be devastating. This is because we have previously demonstrated that exposure to low concentrations of CO in the absence of an anesthetic prevents natural programmed cell death in the neocortex and hippocampus of 10-day-old mice and impairs neurocognitive development. However, more investigation is necessary before such conclusions can be made.']",isoflurane,"['Seven-day-old male CD-1 mouse pups underwent 1-hour exposure to 0 (air), 5, or 100 ppm CO in air with or without isoflurane (2%).']",None,[],CD-1,"['Seven-day-old male CD-1 mouse pups underwent 1-hour exposure to 0 (air), 5, or 100 ppm CO in air with or without isoflurane (2%).']",10.1213_ANE.0000000000000030.pdf
mice,['METHODS: Seven-day-old littermates (n = 36) were randomly assigned to a 6-hour exposure to either 1.5% isoflurane or fasting in room air.'],postnatal day 7,['METHODS: Seven-day-old littermates (n = 36) were randomly assigned to a 6-hour exposure to either 1.5% isoflurane or fasting in room air.'],No,['The clinical relevance of these findings in animals remains to be determined.'],isoflurane,['METHODS: Seven-day-old littermates (n = 36) were randomly assigned to a 6-hour exposure to either 1.5% isoflurane or fasting in room air.'],None,[],CD1 and C57BL/6,['Breeding pairs of male CD1 and female C57BL/6 mice were housed in a 12/12- hour light-dark cycle at 22°C with free access to food and water.'],10.1213_ANE.0b013e318281e988.pdf
rats,"['On postnatal day 7, rats were exposed to sevoflurane (1% or 2% for 2 hours) with oxygen.']",postnatal day 7,"['On postnatal day 7, rats were exposed to sevoflurane (1% or 2% for 2 hours) with oxygen.']",No,"['Although the document discusses neurocognitive dysfunction and learning disabilities, it does not specifically mention any behavior tests being conducted.']",sevoflurane,"['On postnatal day 7, rats were exposed to sevoflurane (1% or 2% for 2 hours) with oxygen.']",None,"['Although other anesthetics like isoflurane, thiopental, propofol, and ketamine are mentioned in the background section, the study itself only uses sevoflurane as an intervention.']",Wistar/ST,"['Pregnant Wistar/ST rats were obtained from Shizuoka Laboratory Animal Center (Hamamatsu, Japan).']",10.1213_ANE.0b013e3182a8c709.pdf
mice,['Using an in vivo mouse model we demonstrate abnormal development of dendrite arbors and dendritic spines in newly generated dentate gyrus granule cell neurons of the hippo- campus after a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia exposure conducted at an early postnatal age.'],postnatal day 18,['P18 mouse littermates were randomly assigned to 2 groups.'],Yes,"['In the object-place recognition test, control animals spend significantly more time exploring objects in novel positions, but isoflurane- exposed animals exhibit no exploration preference (Fig 2B, S2A and S2C Fig).', 'Similarly, in the Y-maze test, unlike controls, isoflurane-exposed mice do not exhibit a preference for explora- tion of the newly available arm (Fig 2C, S2B and S2D Fig).']",isoflurane,['Using an in vivo mouse model we demonstrate abnormal development of dendrite arbors and dendritic spines in newly generated dentate gyrus granule cell neurons of the hippo- campus after a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia exposure conducted at an early postnatal age.'],None,[],C57BL/6,"['C57BL/6 mice were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room with a 12:12 hour light:dark cycle, and provided with ad libitum access to water and food.']",10.1371_journal.pbio.2001246.pdf
rats,['Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3 each group) were treated with or without an n-3 PUFAs (fish oil) enriched diet from the second day of pregnancy to 14 days after parturition.'],postnatal day 7,['The offspring rats (P7) were treated with six hours sevoflurane administration (one group without sevoflurane/prenatal n-3 PUFAs supplement as control).'],Yes,"['Morris water maze spatial reference memory, fear conditioning, and Morris water maze memory consolidation were tested at P35, P63 and P70 (n = 9), respectively.']",sevoflurane,['The offspring rats (P7) were treated with six hours sevoflurane administration (one group without sevoflurane/prenatal n-3 PUFAs supplement as control).'],None,[],Sprague Dawley,['Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3 each group) were treated with or without an n-3 PUFAs (fish oil) enriched diet from the second day of pregnancy to 14 days after parturition.'],10.1371_journal.pone.0070645.pdf
rats,['Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were exposed to either desflurane or isoflurane at 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration for 4 h.'],postnatal day 7,['Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were exposed to either desflurane or isoflurane at 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration for 4 h.'],Yes,"['In separate behavioral experiments, beginning at P48, subjects were evaluated in a series of object recognition tests relying on associative learning, as well as social recognition.']",isoflurane,['Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were exposed to either desflurane or isoflurane at 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration for 4 h.'],desflurane,['Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were exposed to either desflurane or isoflurane at 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration for 4 h.'],Sprague Dawley,"['Five Sprague-Dawley dams with litters of postnatal day 6 (P6) pups from were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Gilroy, CA).']",10.1371_journal.pone.0105340.pdf
rats,['Seventy-day-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (maternal rats) were supplied by the animal science research department of the Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College (JZDWNO: 2011–0030).'],gestational day 18,"['On E18, gravid rats in the I2, I4 and I8 groups were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane (Abbott labo- ratories Ltd, Worcester, MA, USA) in 100% oxygen for 2, 4 and 8 hours, respectively, while those in the control group received 100% oxygen only.']",Yes,"['Thirty days after birth, the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess learning and memory in the off- spring.']",isoflurane,"['On E18, gravid rats in the I2, I4 and I8 groups were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane (Abbott labo- ratories Ltd, Worcester, MA, USA) in 100% oxygen for 2, 4 and 8 hours, respectively, while those in the control group received 100% oxygen only.']",None,"['On E18, gravid rats in the I2, I4 and I8 groups were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane (Abbott labo- ratories Ltd, Worcester, MA, USA) in 100% oxygen for 2, 4 and 8 hours, respectively, while those in the control group received 100% oxygen only.']",Sprague Dawley,['Seventy-day-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (maternal rats) were supplied by the animal science research department of the Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College (JZDWNO: 2011–0030).'],10.1371_journal.pone.0160826.pdf
rats,['Ketamine administered pregnant rats impair learning and memory in offspring via the CREB pathway'],gestational day 14,"['On the 14th day of gestation (P14), female rats were anesthetized for 3 h via intravenous ketamine injection (200 mg/Kg).']",Yes,"['Morris water maze task, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and olfactory tasks were executed between the 25th to 30th day after birth (B25-30) on rat pups']",ketamine,"['Ketamine has been reported to impair the capacity for learning and memory.', 'The female rats were anesthetized via intravenous ketamine injection (200 mg/Kg) for 3 h on P14']",None,[],Wistar,"['Male and female Wistar rats, three months of age, weighing 200 ± 20 g, were purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China).']",10.18632_oncotarget.15405.pdf
rats,"['Six adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 180–220 g, were raised with free diet and water intake in polypropylene cages for 7 days.']",gestational day 14.5,"['The six female SD rats were raised to G14.5 (middle pregnancy).', 'On pregnancy day 14.5, the rats allocated to sevoflurane exposure were put inside a 30 cm × 20 cm × 120 cm box.']",No,['This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).'],sevoflurane,"['Prenatal sevoflurane exposure causes abnormal development of the entorhinal cortex in rat offspring', 'The rats in the SeV group were exposed to 4% sevoflurane for 3 hours.']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Six adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 180–220 g, were raised with free diet and water intake in polypropylene cages for 7 days.']",10.31083_j.jin2003065.pdf
mice,['Propofol (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered to mice on postnatal day (P)7;'],postnatal day 7,['Propofol (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered to mice on postnatal day (P)7;'],No,"[""The document does not mention any behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",propofol,['Propofol (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered to mice on postnatal day (P)7;'],None,['The document only mentions the use of propofol as an intervention.'],C57/BL6,['Animals Male and female C57/BL6 mice were provided by the Third Military Medical University and housed under a 12 h light/dark cycle in a temperature-controlled room with free access to food and water.'],10.3389_fncel.2017.00373.pdf
rats,"['We treated 7-day-old (Postnatal day 7, PND 7) Sprague-Dawley rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) with either normal saline, ketamine, or 17β-estradiol before/after ketamine exposure, respectively.']",postnatal day 7,"['We treated 7-day-old (Postnatal day 7, PND 7) Sprague-Dawley rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) with either normal saline, ketamine, or 17β-estradiol before/after ketamine exposure, respectively.']",Yes,['Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test at PND 42–47.'],ketamine,"['Ketamine exposure decreased cell proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ, inhibited NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation, promoted NSC apoptosis and led to adult cognitive deficits.']",17β-estradiol,['Treatment with 17β-estradiol could attenuate ketamine-induced changes both in vivo and in vitro.'],Sprague Dawley,"['We treated 7-day-old (Postnatal day 7, PND 7) Sprague-Dawley rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) with either normal saline, ketamine, or 17β-estradiol before/after ketamine exposure, respectively.']",10.3389_fncel.2019.00251.pdf
mice,['Preclinical animal studies have continuously reported the possibility of long-lasting neurotoxic effects after general anesthesia in young animals. Such studies also show that the neurological changes induced by anesthesia in young animals differ by their neurodevelopmental stage.'],postnatal day 16/17,"['This study, therefore, evaluated the role of mTOR signaling after exposing postnatal day (PND) 16/17 mice to sevoflurane, a widely used inhalation agent in pediatric patients.']",No,"[""The document does not mention any specific behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",sevoflurane,"['To evaluate the role of mTOR signaling following anesthesia in late postnatal mice, PND 16/17 mice were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane (the most widely used inhalation agent in pediatric patients) for 2 h.']",rapamycin,"['Pretreatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin not only prevented anesthesia-induced mTOR phosphorylation, but also the increase in mitochondrial respiration and male-dependent enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission.']",C57BL/6,"['C57BL/6J mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) room maintained at 22◦C, with a 12 h light/dark cycle, and fed ad libitum.']",10.3389_fncel.2020.00004.pdf
mice,['Seven-day-old (P7) neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and either exposed to 2.6% sevoflurane or air for 6 h.'],postnatal day 7,['Seven-day-old (P7) neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and either exposed to 2.6% sevoflurane or air for 6 h.'],No,"['The current study investigated the expression of proteins associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) signaling pathways in the cortices of neonatal mice following exposure to sevoflurane.', 'The mouse pups at P7 were exposed to 2.6% sevoflurane (Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China) for 6 h [~1.0 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) in P7 mice] in 50% oxygen in a temperature-controlled chamber, following a previously described protocol (n=12) (17).', 'All animals were sacrificed 2 h following termination of sevoflurane/oxygen exposure and their cortices were used for western blotting (sevoflurane group, n=6; control group, n=6) or TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) with fluorescent dye (sevoflurane group, n=6; control group, n=6).']",sevoflurane,['Seven-day-old (P7) neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and either exposed to 2.6% sevoflurane or air for 6 h.'],None,[],C57BL/6,['Seven-day-old (P7) neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and either exposed to 2.6% sevoflurane or air for 6 h.'],10.3892_etm.2017.5651.pdf
mice,"['C57BL/6 mice 7 days old were randomly assigned into a 2.6% sevoflurane (n=68), a 1.3% sevoflurane (n=68) and a control (n=38) group.']",postnatal day 7,"['C57BL/6 mice 7 days old were randomly assigned into a 2.6% sevoflurane (n=68), a 1.3% sevoflurane (n=68) and a control (n=38) group.']",Yes,['A total of 60 mice underwent the Morris water maze (MWM) test.'],sevoflurane,['Sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in the postnatal developing mouse brain'],None,[],C57BL/6,"['A total of 174 C57BL/6 mice (sex ratio, 1:1), were provided by the Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University (Nanjing, China).']",10.3892_etm.2018.5950.pdf
mice,"['At postnatal day 7 (P7), male C57BL/6 mice (weight, 3‑5 g; Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai, China) were randomly divided into a sevoflurane‑treated group (n=6) and an air‑treated control group (n=6) for analysis of the effects of sevoflurane on CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression and MeCP2 phosphorylation levels.']",postnatal day 7,"['At postnatal day 7 (P7), male C57BL/6 mice (weight, 3‑5 g; Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai, China) were randomly divided into a sevoflurane‑treated group (n=6) and an air‑treated control group (n=6) for analysis of the effects of sevoflurane on CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression and MeCP2 phosphorylation levels.']",No,"[""The document does not mention any specific behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",sevoflurane,['Single sevoflurane exposure increases methyl‑CpG island binding protein 2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of developing mice'],memantine,"['...the possibility that memantine treatment is able to reverse this phenomenon, were investigated.']",C57BL/6,"['At postnatal day 7 (P7), male C57BL/6 mice (weight, 3‑5 g; Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai, China) were randomly divided into a sevoflurane‑treated group (n=6) and an air‑treated control group (n=6) for analysis of the effects of sevoflurane on CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression and MeCP2 phosphorylation levels.']",10.3892_mmr.2014.2751.pdf
rats,"['To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in HPc-induced neuroprotection, the effects of HPc on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (caMP)/protein kinase a (PKa)/caMP response element-binding protein (creB) signalling pathway and apoptosis in Sprague-dawley pups (postnatal day 7) treated with propofol were investigated.']",postnatal day 7,"['To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in HPc-induced neuroprotection, the effects of HPc on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (caMP)/protein kinase a (PKa)/caMP response element-binding protein (creB) signalling pathway and apoptosis in Sprague-dawley pups (postnatal day 7) treated with propofol were investigated.']",No,"[""The document does not mention any behavior tests such as 'Open field test', 'Morris water task', 'fear conditioning test', 'Dark/light avoidance'; 'passive/active avoidance test'; 'elevated maze', 'Forced swim test', 'Object recognition test', 'Social interaction/preference'.""]",propofol,"['To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in HPc-induced neuroprotection, the effects of HPc on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (caMP)/protein kinase a (PKa)/caMP response element-binding protein (creB) signalling pathway and apoptosis in Sprague-dawley pups (postnatal day 7) treated with propofol were investigated.']",None,"[""The document mentions only propofol as an intervention and does not mention any other anesthetic drugs such as 'isoflurane', 'sevoflurane', 'desflurane', 'ketamine', 'Midazolam', 'Nitrous oxide'.""]",Sprague Dawley,"['To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in HPc-induced neuroprotection, the effects of HPc on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (caMP)/protein kinase a (PKa)/caMP response element-binding protein (creB) signalling pathway and apoptosis in Sprague-dawley pups (postnatal day 7) treated with propofol were investigated.']",10.3892_mmr.2019.10397.pdf
rats,"['The study included 7-day-old male Wistar-Albino rats (n = 30), which were divided into the two groups according to the anaesthetic received: sevoﬂ urane (S) and control group (C).']",postnatal day 7,"['The study included 7-day-old male Wistar-Albino rats (n = 30), which were divided into the two groups according to the anaesthetic received: sevoﬂ urane (S) and control group (C).']",Yes,"['In addition, elevated plus arm test and Morris water test were performed in the late group.']",sevoflurane,"['In Group S, anaesthesia was achieved with 2.3 % sevoﬂ urane in 50 % oxygen (O2)-air mixture.']",None,[],Wistar-Albino,"['The study included 7-day-old male Wistar-Albino rats (n = 30), which were divided into the two groups according to the anaesthetic received: sevoﬂ urane (S) and control group (C).']",10.4149_BLL_2017_017.pdf
rats,"['Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were housed in individual sterile plastic cages under standard animal house conditions (12-h day/night cycle, 23oC±2oC) at 55~65% humidity levels.']",postnatal day 7,"['Neonatal rats were exposed to isoflurane (0.75%, 6 hours) on postnatal day 7 (P7).']",Yes,"['Behavioral analysis: open field test', 'Fear conditioning test', 'Learning and memory analysis: Morris water maze test']",isoflurane,"['Neonatal rats were exposed to isoflurane (0.75%, 6 hours) on postnatal day 7 (P7).']",None,[],Sprague Dawley,"['Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were housed in individual sterile plastic cages under standard animal house conditions (12-h day/night cycle, 23oC±2oC) at 55~65% humidity levels.']",10.4196_kjpp.2017.21.6.579.pdf