{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Your First RAQA Application\n", "\n", "In this notebook, we'll walk you through each of the components that are involved in a simple RAQA application. \n", "\n", "We won't be leveraging any fancy tools, just the OpenAI Python SDK, Numpy, and some classic Python.\n", "\n", "> NOTE: This was done with Python 3.11.4." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Let's look at a rather complicated looking visual representation of a basic RAQA application.\n", "\n", "" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Imports and Utility \n", "\n", "We're just doing some imports and enabling `async` to work within the Jupyter environment here, nothing too crazy!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "!pip install -q -U numpy matplotlib plotly pandas scipy scikit-learn openai python-dotenv" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from aimakerspace.text_utils import TextFileLoader, CharacterTextSplitter\n", "from aimakerspace.vectordatabase import VectorDatabase\n", "import asyncio" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import nest_asyncio\n", "nest_asyncio.apply()" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Documents\n", "\n", "We'll be concerning ourselves with this part of the flow in the following section:\n", "\n", "" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Loading Source Documents\n", "\n", "So, first things first, we need some documents to work with. \n", "\n", "While we could work directly with the `.txt` files (or whatever file-types you wanted to extend this to) we can instead do some batch processing of those documents at the beginning in order to store them in a more machine compatible format. \n", "\n", "In this case, we're going to parse our text file into a single document in memory.\n", "\n", "Let's look at the relevant bits of the `TextFileLoader` class:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "def load_file(self):\n", " with open(self.path, \"r\", encoding=self.encoding) as f:\n", " self.documents.append(f.read())\n", "```\n", "\n", "We're simply loading the document using the built in `open` method, and storing that output in our `self.documents` list.\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "1" ] }, "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "text_loader = TextFileLoader(\"data/KingLear.txt\")\n", "documents = text_loader.load_documents()\n", "len(documents)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ACT I\n", "SCENE I. King Lear's palace.\n", "Enter KENT, GLOUCESTER, and EDMUND\n", "KENT\n", "I thought the king had more affected the Duke of\n", "Albany than Cornwall.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "It did always seem so to us: but now, in the\n", "division of the kingdom, it appears not which of\n", "the dukes he values most; for equalities are so\n", "weighed, that curiosity in neither can make choice\n", "of either's moiety.\n", "KENT\n", "Is not this your son, my lord?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "His breeding, sir, hath been at my charge: I have\n", "so often blushed to acknowledge him, that now I am\n", "brazed to it.\n", "KENT\n", "I cannot conceive you.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Sir, this young fellow's mother could: whereupon\n", "she grew round-wombed, and had, indeed, sir, a son\n", "for her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed.\n", "Do you smell a fault?\n", "KENT\n", "I cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it\n", "being so proper.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "But I have, sir, a son by order of law, some year\n", "elder than this, who yet is no dearer in my account:\n", "though this knave came something saucily into the\n", "world before he was sent for, yet was his mother\n", "fair; there was good sport at his making, and the\n", "whoreson must be acknowledged. Do you know this\n", "noble gentleman, Edmund?\n", "EDMUND\n", "No, my lord.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "My lord of Kent: remember him hereafter as my\n", "honourable friend.\n", "EDMUND\n", "My services to your lordship.\n", "KENT\n", "I must love you, and sue to know you better.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Sir, I shall study deserving.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He hath been out nine years, and away he shall\n", "again. The king is coming.\n", "Sennet. Enter KING LEAR, CORNWALL, ALBANY, GONERIL, REGAN, CORDELIA, and Attendants\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Attend the lords of France and Burgundy, Gloucester.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I shall, my liege.\n", "Exeunt GLOUCESTER and EDMUND\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Meantime we shall express our darker purpose.\n", "Give me the map there. Know that we have divided\n", "In three our kingdom: and 'tis our fast intent\n", "To shake all cares and business from our age;\n", "Conferring them on younger strengths, while we\n", "Unburthen'd crawl toward death. Our son of Cornwall,\n", "And you, our no less loving son of Albany,\n", "We have this hour a constant will to publish\n", "Our daughters' several dowers, that future strife\n", "May be prevented now. The princes, France and Burgundy,\n", "Great rivals in our youngest daughter's love,\n", "Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn,\n", "And here are to be answer'd. Tell me, my daughters,--\n", "Since now we will divest us both of rule,\n", "Interest of territory, cares of state,--\n", "Which of you shall we say doth love us most?\n", "That we our largest bounty may extend\n", "Where nature doth with merit challenge. Goneril,\n", "Our eldest-born, speak first.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter;\n", "Dearer than eye-sight, space, and liberty;\n", "Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare;\n", "No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honour;\n", "As much as child e'er loved, or father found;\n", "A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable;\n", "Beyond all manner of so much I love you.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "[Aside] What shall Cordelia do?\n", "Love, and be silent.\n", "LEAR\n", "Of all these bounds, even from this line to this,\n", "With shadowy forests and with champains rich'd,\n", "With plenteous rivers and wide-skirted meads,\n", "We make thee lady: to thine and Albany's issue\n", "Be this perpetual. What says our second daughter,\n", "Our dearest Regan, wife to Cornwall? Speak.\n", "REGAN\n", "Sir, I am made\n", "Of the self-same metal that my sister is,\n", "And prize me at her worth. In my true heart\n", "I find she names my very deed of love;\n", "Only she comes too short: that I profess\n", "Myself an enemy to all other joys,\n", "Which the most precious square of sense possesses;\n", "And find I am alone felicitate\n", "In your dear highness' love.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "[Aside] Then poor Cordelia!\n", "And yet not so; since, I am sure, my love's\n", "More richer than my tongue.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "To thee and thine hereditary ever\n", "Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom;\n", "No less in space, validity, and pleasure,\n", "Than that conferr'd on Goneril. Now, our joy,\n", "Although the last, not least; to whose young love\n", "The vines of France and milk of Burgundy\n", "Strive to be interess'd; what can you say to draw\n", "A third more opulent than your sisters? Speak.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Nothing, my lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Nothing!\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Nothing.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Nothing will come of nothing: speak again.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave\n", "My heart into my mouth: I love your majesty\n", "According to my bond; nor more nor less.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "How, how, Cordelia! mend your speech a little,\n", "Lest it may mar your fortunes.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Good my lord,\n", "You have begot me, bred me, loved me: I\n", "Return those duties back as are right fit,\n", "Obey you, love you, and most honour you.\n", "Why have my sisters husbands, if they say\n", "They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed,\n", "That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry\n", "Half my love with him, half my care and duty:\n", "Sure, I shall never marry like my sisters,\n", "To love my father all.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "But goes thy heart with this?\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Ay, good my lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "So young, and so untender?\n", "CORDELIA\n", "So young, my lord, and true.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let it be so; thy truth, then, be thy dower:\n", "For, by the sacred radiance of the sun,\n", "The mysteries of Hecate, and the night;\n", "By all the operation of the orbs\n", "From whom we do exist, and cease to be;\n", "Here I disclaim all my paternal care,\n", "Propinquity and property of blood,\n", "And as a stranger to my heart and me\n", "Hold thee, from this, for ever. The barbarous Scythian,\n", "Or he that makes his generation messes\n", "To gorge his appetite, shall to my bosom\n", "Be as well neighbour'd, pitied, and relieved,\n", "As thou my sometime daughter.\n", "KENT\n", "Good my liege,--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Peace, Kent!\n", "Come not between the dragon and his wrath.\n", "I loved her most, and thought to set my rest\n", "On her kind nursery. Hence, and avoid my sight!\n", "So be my grave my peace, as here I give\n", "Her father's heart from her! Call France; who stirs?\n", "Call Burgundy. Cornwall and Albany,\n", "With my two daughters' dowers digest this third:\n", "Let pride, which she calls plainness, marry her.\n", "I do invest you jointly with my power,\n", "Pre-eminence, and all the large effects\n", "That troop with majesty. Ourself, by monthly course,\n", "With reservation of an hundred knights,\n", "By you to be sustain'd, shall our abode\n", "Make with you by due turns. Only we still retain\n", "The name, and all the additions to a king;\n", "The sway, revenue, execution of the rest,\n", "Beloved sons, be yours: which to confirm,\n", "This coronet part betwixt you.\n", "Giving the crown\n", "\n", "KENT\n", "Royal Lear,\n", "Whom I have ever honour'd as my king,\n", "Loved as my father, as my master follow'd,\n", "As my great patron thought on in my prayers,--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "The bow is bent and drawn, make from the shaft.\n", "KENT\n", "Let it fall rather, though the fork invade\n", "The region of my heart: be Kent unmannerly,\n", "When Lear is mad. What wilt thou do, old man?\n", "Think'st thou that duty shall have dread to speak,\n", "When power to flattery bows? To plainness honour's bound,\n", "When majesty stoops to folly. Reverse thy doom;\n", "And, in thy best consideration, cheque\n", "This hideous rashness: answer my life my judgment,\n", "Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least;\n", "Nor are those empty-hearted whose low sound\n", "Reverbs no hollowness.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Kent, on thy life, no more.\n", "KENT\n", "My life I never held but as a pawn\n", "To wage against thy enemies; nor fear to lose it,\n", "Thy safety being the motive.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Out of my sight!\n", "KENT\n", "See better, Lear; and let me still remain\n", "The true blank of thine eye.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Now, by Apollo,--\n", "KENT\n", "Now, by Apollo, king,\n", "Thou swear'st thy gods in vain.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, vassal! miscreant!\n", "Laying his hand on his sword\n", "\n", "ALBANY CORNWALL\n", "Dear sir, forbear.\n", "KENT\n", "Do:\n", "Kill thy physician, and the fee bestow\n", "Upon thy foul disease. Revoke thy doom;\n", "Or, whilst I can vent clamour from my throat,\n", "I'll tell thee thou dost evil.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Hear me, recreant!\n", "On thine allegiance, hear me!\n", "Since thou hast sought to make us break our vow,\n", "Which we durst never yet, and with strain'd pride\n", "To come between our sentence and our power,\n", "Which nor our nature nor our place can bear,\n", "Our potency made good, take thy reward.\n", "Five days we do allot thee, for provision\n", "To shield thee from diseases of the world;\n", "And on the sixth to turn thy hated back\n", "Upon our kingdom: if, on the tenth day following,\n", "Thy banish'd trunk be found in our dominions,\n", "The moment is thy death. Away! by Jupiter,\n", "This shall not be revoked.\n", "KENT\n", "Fare thee well, king: sith thus thou wilt appear,\n", "Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here.\n", "To CORDELIA\n", "\n", "The gods to their dear shelter take thee, maid,\n", "That justly think'st, and hast most rightly said!\n", "To REGAN and GONERIL\n", "\n", "And your large speeches may your deeds approve,\n", "That good effects may spring from words of love.\n", "Thus Kent, O princes, bids you all adieu;\n", "He'll shape his old course in a country new.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "Flourish. Re-enter GLOUCESTER, with KING OF FRANCE, BURGUNDY, and Attendants\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Here's France and Burgundy, my noble lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "My lord of Burgundy.\n", "We first address towards you, who with this king\n", "Hath rivall'd for our daughter: what, in the least,\n", "Will you require in present dower with her,\n", "Or cease your quest of love?\n", "BURGUNDY\n", "Most royal majesty,\n", "I crave no more than what your highness offer'd,\n", "Nor will you tender less.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Right noble Burgundy,\n", "When she was dear to us, we did hold her so;\n", "But now her price is fall'n. Sir, there she stands:\n", "If aught within that little seeming substance,\n", "Or all of it, with our displeasure pieced,\n", "And nothing more, may fitly like your grace,\n", "She's there, and she is yours.\n", "BURGUNDY\n", "I know no answer.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Will you, with those infirmities she owes,\n", "Unfriended, new-adopted to our hate,\n", "Dower'd with our curse, and stranger'd with our oath,\n", "Take her, or leave her?\n", "BURGUNDY\n", "Pardon me, royal sir;\n", "Election makes not up on such conditions.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Then leave her, sir; for, by the power that made me,\n", "I tell you all her wealth.\n", "To KING OF FRANCE\n", "\n", "For you, great king,\n", "I would not from your love make such a stray,\n", "To match you where I hate; therefore beseech you\n", "To avert your liking a more worthier way\n", "Than on a wretch whom nature is ashamed\n", "Almost to acknowledge hers.\n", "KING OF FRANCE\n", "This is most strange,\n", "That she, that even but now was your best object,\n", "The argument of your praise, balm of your age,\n", "Most best, most dearest, should in this trice of time\n", "Commit a thing so monstrous, to dismantle\n", "So many folds of favour. Sure, her offence\n", "Must be of such unnatural degree,\n", "That monsters it, or your fore-vouch'd affection\n", "Fall'n into taint: which to believe of her,\n", "Must be a faith that reason without miracle\n", "Could never plant in me.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "I yet beseech your majesty,--\n", "If for I want that glib and oily art,\n", "To speak and purpose not; since what I well intend,\n", "I'll do't before I speak,--that you make known\n", "It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulness,\n", "No unchaste action, or dishonour'd step,\n", "That hath deprived me of your grace and favour;\n", "But even for want of that for which I am richer,\n", "A still-soliciting eye, and such a tongue\n", "As I am glad I have not, though not to have it\n", "Hath lost me in your liking.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Better thou\n", "Hadst not been born than not to have pleased me better.\n", "KING OF FRANCE\n", "Is it but this,--a tardiness in nature\n", "Which often leaves the history unspoke\n", "That it intends to do? My lord of Burgundy,\n", "What say you to the lady? Love's not love\n", "When it is mingled with regards that stand\n", "Aloof from the entire point. Will you have her?\n", "She is herself a dowry.\n", "BURGUNDY\n", "Royal Lear,\n", "Give but that portion which yourself proposed,\n", "And here I take Cordelia by the hand,\n", "Duchess of Burgundy.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Nothing: I have sworn; I am firm.\n", "BURGUNDY\n", "I am sorry, then, you have so lost a father\n", "That you must lose a husband.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Peace be with Burgundy!\n", "Since that respects of fortune are his love,\n", "I shall not be his wife.\n", "KING OF FRANCE\n", "Fairest Cordelia, that art most rich, being poor;\n", "Most choice, forsaken; and most loved, despised!\n", "Thee and thy virtues here I seize upon:\n", "Be it lawful I take up what's cast away.\n", "Gods, gods! 'tis strange that from their cold'st neglect\n", "My love should kindle to inflamed respect.\n", "Thy dowerless daughter, king, thrown to my chance,\n", "Is queen of us, of ours, and our fair France:\n", "Not all the dukes of waterish Burgundy\n", "Can buy this unprized precious maid of me.\n", "Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind:\n", "Thou losest here, a better where to find.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Thou hast her, France: let her be thine; for we\n", "Have no such daughter, nor shall ever see\n", "That face of hers again. Therefore be gone\n", "Without our grace, our love, our benison.\n", "Come, noble Burgundy.\n", "Flourish. Exeunt all but KING OF FRANCE, GONERIL, REGAN, and CORDELIA\n", "\n", "KING OF FRANCE\n", "Bid farewell to your sisters.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "The jewels of our father, with wash'd eyes\n", "Cordelia leaves you: I know you what you are;\n", "And like a sister am most loath to call\n", "Your faults as they are named. Use well our father:\n", "To your professed bosoms I commit him\n", "But yet, alas, stood I within his grace,\n", "I would prefer him to a better place.\n", "So, farewell to you both.\n", "REGAN\n", "Prescribe not us our duties.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Let your study\n", "Be to content your lord, who hath received you\n", "At fortune's alms. You have obedience scanted,\n", "And well are worth the want that you have wanted.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides:\n", "Who cover faults, at last shame them derides.\n", "Well may you prosper!\n", "KING OF FRANCE\n", "Come, my fair Cordelia.\n", "Exeunt KING OF FRANCE and CORDELIA\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "Sister, it is not a little I have to say of what\n", "most nearly appertains to us both. I think our\n", "father will hence to-night.\n", "REGAN\n", "That's most certain, and with you; next month with us.\n", "GONERIL\n", "You see how full of changes his age is; the\n", "observation we have made of it hath not been\n", "little: he always loved our sister most; and\n", "with what poor judgment he hath now cast her off\n", "appears too grossly.\n", "REGAN\n", "'Tis the infirmity of his age: yet he hath ever\n", "but slenderly known himself.\n", "GONERIL\n", "The best and soundest of his time hath been but\n", "rash; then must we look to receive from his age,\n", "not alone the imperfections of long-engraffed\n", "condition, but therewithal the unruly waywardness\n", "that infirm and choleric years bring with them.\n", "REGAN\n", "Such unconstant starts are we like to have from\n", "him as this of Kent's banishment.\n", "GONERIL\n", "There is further compliment of leavetaking\n", "between France and him. Pray you, let's hit\n", "together: if our father carry authority with\n", "such dispositions as he bears, this last\n", "surrender of his will but offend us.\n", "REGAN\n", "We shall further think on't.\n", "GONERIL\n", "We must do something, and i' the heat.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE II. The Earl of Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter EDMUND, with a letter\n", "EDMUND\n", "Thou, nature, art my goddess; to thy law\n", "My services are bound. Wherefore should I\n", "Stand in the plague of custom, and permit\n", "The curiosity of nations to deprive me,\n", "For that I am some twelve or fourteen moon-shines\n", "Lag of a brother? Why bastard? wherefore base?\n", "When my dimensions are as well compact,\n", "My mind as generous, and my shape as true,\n", "As honest madam's issue? Why brand they us\n", "With base? with baseness? bastardy? base, base?\n", "Who, in the lusty stealth of nature, take\n", "More composition and fierce quality\n", "Than doth, within a dull, stale, tired bed,\n", "Go to the creating a whole tribe of fops,\n", "Got 'tween asleep and wake? Well, then,\n", "Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land:\n", "Our father's love is to the bastard Edmund\n", "As to the legitimate: fine word,--legitimate!\n", "Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed,\n", "And my invention thrive, Edmund the base\n", "Shall top the legitimate. I grow; I prosper:\n", "Now, gods, stand up for bastards!\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Kent banish'd thus! and France in choler parted!\n", "And the king gone to-night! subscribed his power!\n", "Confined to exhibition! All this done\n", "Upon the gad! Edmund, how now! what news?\n", "EDMUND\n", "So please your lordship, none.\n", "Putting up the letter\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Why so earnestly seek you to put up that letter?\n", "EDMUND\n", "I know no news, my lord.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What paper were you reading?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Nothing, my lord.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "No? What needed, then, that terrible dispatch of\n", "it into your pocket? the quality of nothing hath\n", "not such need to hide itself. Let's see: come,\n", "if it be nothing, I shall not need spectacles.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I beseech you, sir, pardon me: it is a letter\n", "from my brother, that I have not all o'er-read;\n", "and for so much as I have perused, I find it not\n", "fit for your o'er-looking.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Give me the letter, sir.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I shall offend, either to detain or give it. The\n", "contents, as in part I understand them, are to blame.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Let's see, let's see.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote\n", "this but as an essay or taste of my virtue.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "[Reads] 'This policy and reverence of age makes\n", "the world bitter to the best of our times; keeps\n", "our fortunes from us till our oldness cannot relish\n", "them. I begin to find an idle and fond bondage\n", "in the oppression of aged tyranny; who sways, not\n", "as it hath power, but as it is suffered. Come to\n", "me, that of this I may speak more. If our father\n", "would sleep till I waked him, you should half his\n", "revenue for ever, and live the beloved of your\n", "brother, EDGAR.'\n", "Hum--conspiracy!--'Sleep till I waked him,--you\n", "should enjoy half his revenue,'--My son Edgar!\n", "Had he a hand to write this? a heart and brain\n", "to breed it in?--When came this to you? who\n", "brought it?\n", "EDMUND\n", "It was not brought me, my lord; there's the\n", "cunning of it; I found it thrown in at the\n", "casement of my closet.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "You know the character to be your brother's?\n", "EDMUND\n", "If the matter were good, my lord, I durst swear\n", "it were his; but, in respect of that, I would\n", "fain think it were not.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "It is his.\n", "EDMUND\n", "It is his hand, my lord; but I hope his heart is\n", "not in the contents.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Hath he never heretofore sounded you in this business?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Never, my lord: but I have heard him oft\n", "maintain it to be fit, that, sons at perfect age,\n", "and fathers declining, the father should be as\n", "ward to the son, and the son manage his revenue.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O villain, villain! His very opinion in the\n", "letter! Abhorred villain! Unnatural, detested,\n", "brutish villain! worse than brutish! Go, sirrah,\n", "seek him; I'll apprehend him: abominable villain!\n", "Where is he?\n", "EDMUND\n", "I do not well know, my lord. If it shall please\n", "you to suspend your indignation against my\n", "brother till you can derive from him better\n", "testimony of his intent, you shall run a certain\n", "course; where, if you violently proceed against\n", "him, mistaking his purpose, it would make a great\n", "gap in your own honour, and shake in pieces the\n", "heart of his obedience. I dare pawn down my life\n", "for him, that he hath wrote this to feel my\n", "affection to your honour, and to no further\n", "pretence of danger.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Think you so?\n", "EDMUND\n", "If your honour judge it meet, I will place you\n", "where you shall hear us confer of this, and by an\n", "auricular assurance have your satisfaction; and\n", "that without any further delay than this very evening.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He cannot be such a monster--\n", "EDMUND\n", "Nor is not, sure.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "To his father, that so tenderly and entirely\n", "loves him. Heaven and earth! Edmund, seek him\n", "out: wind me into him, I pray you: frame the\n", "business after your own wisdom. I would unstate\n", "myself, to be in a due resolution.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I will seek him, sir, presently: convey the\n", "business as I shall find means and acquaint you withal.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "These late eclipses in the sun and moon portend\n", "no good to us: though the wisdom of nature can\n", "reason it thus and thus, yet nature finds itself\n", "scourged by the sequent effects: love cools,\n", "friendship falls off, brothers divide: in\n", "cities, mutinies; in countries, discord; in\n", "palaces, treason; and the bond cracked 'twixt son\n", "and father. This villain of mine comes under the\n", "prediction; there's son against father: the king\n", "falls from bias of nature; there's father against\n", "child. We have seen the best of our time:\n", "machinations, hollowness, treachery, and all\n", "ruinous disorders, follow us disquietly to our\n", "graves. Find out this villain, Edmund; it shall\n", "lose thee nothing; do it carefully. And the\n", "noble and true-hearted Kent banished! his\n", "offence, honesty! 'Tis strange.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "This is the excellent foppery of the world, that,\n", "when we are sick in fortune,--often the surfeit\n", "of our own behavior,--we make guilty of our\n", "disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars: as\n", "if we were villains by necessity; fools by\n", "heavenly compulsion; knaves, thieves, and\n", "treachers, by spherical predominance; drunkards,\n", "liars, and adulterers, by an enforced obedience of\n", "planetary influence; and all that we are evil in,\n", "by a divine thrusting on: an admirable evasion\n", "of whoremaster man, to lay his goatish\n", "disposition to the charge of a star! My\n", "father compounded with my mother under the\n", "dragon's tail; and my nativity was under Ursa\n", "major; so that it follows, I am rough and\n", "lecherous. Tut, I should have been that I am,\n", "had the maidenliest star in the firmament\n", "twinkled on my bastardizing. Edgar--\n", "Enter EDGAR\n", "\n", "And pat he comes like the catastrophe of the old\n", "comedy: my cue is villanous melancholy, with a\n", "sigh like Tom o' Bedlam. O, these eclipses do\n", "portend these divisions! fa, sol, la, mi.\n", "EDGAR\n", "How now, brother Edmund! what serious\n", "contemplation are you in?\n", "EDMUND\n", "I am thinking, brother, of a prediction I read\n", "this other day, what should follow these eclipses.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Do you busy yourself about that?\n", "EDMUND\n", "I promise you, the effects he writes of succeed\n", "unhappily; as of unnaturalness between the child\n", "and the parent; death, dearth, dissolutions of\n", "ancient amities; divisions in state, menaces and\n", "maledictions against king and nobles; needless\n", "diffidences, banishment of friends, dissipation\n", "of cohorts, nuptial breaches, and I know not what.\n", "EDGAR\n", "How long have you been a sectary astronomical?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Come, come; when saw you my father last?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Why, the night gone by.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Spake you with him?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Ay, two hours together.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Parted you in good terms? Found you no\n", "displeasure in him by word or countenance?\n", "EDGAR\n", "None at all.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Bethink yourself wherein you may have offended\n", "him: and at my entreaty forbear his presence\n", "till some little time hath qualified the heat of\n", "his displeasure; which at this instant so rageth\n", "in him, that with the mischief of your person it\n", "would scarcely allay.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Some villain hath done me wrong.\n", "EDMUND\n", "That's my fear. I pray you, have a continent\n", "forbearance till the spied of his rage goes\n", "slower; and, as I say, retire with me to my\n", "lodging, from whence I will fitly bring you to\n", "hear my lord speak: pray ye, go; there's my key:\n", "if you do stir abroad, go armed.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Armed, brother!\n", "EDMUND\n", "Brother, I advise you to the best; go armed: I\n", "am no honest man if there be any good meaning\n", "towards you: I have told you what I have seen\n", "and heard; but faintly, nothing like the image\n", "and horror of it: pray you, away.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Shall I hear from you anon?\n", "EDMUND\n", "I do serve you in this business.\n", "Exit EDGAR\n", "\n", "A credulous father! and a brother noble,\n", "Whose nature is so far from doing harms,\n", "That he suspects none: on whose foolish honesty\n", "My practises ride easy! I see the business.\n", "Let me, if not by birth, have lands by wit:\n", "All with me's meet that I can fashion fit.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE III. The Duke of Albany's palace.\n", "Enter GONERIL, and OSWALD, her steward\n", "GONERIL\n", "Did my father strike my gentleman for chiding of his fool?\n", "OSWALD\n", "Yes, madam.\n", "GONERIL\n", "By day and night he wrongs me; every hour\n", "He flashes into one gross crime or other,\n", "That sets us all at odds: I'll not endure it:\n", "His knights grow riotous, and himself upbraids us\n", "On every trifle. When he returns from hunting,\n", "I will not speak with him; say I am sick:\n", "If you come slack of former services,\n", "You shall do well; the fault of it I'll answer.\n", "OSWALD\n", "He's coming, madam; I hear him.\n", "Horns within\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "Put on what weary negligence you please,\n", "You and your fellows; I'll have it come to question:\n", "If he dislike it, let him to our sister,\n", "Whose mind and mine, I know, in that are one,\n", "Not to be over-ruled. Idle old man,\n", "That still would manage those authorities\n", "That he hath given away! Now, by my life,\n", "Old fools are babes again; and must be used\n", "With cheques as flatteries,--when they are seen abused.\n", "Remember what I tell you.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Well, madam.\n", "GONERIL\n", "And let his knights have colder looks among you;\n", "What grows of it, no matter; advise your fellows so:\n", "I would breed from hence occasions, and I shall,\n", "That I may speak: I'll write straight to my sister,\n", "To hold my very course. Prepare for dinner.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE IV. A hall in the same.\n", "Enter KENT, disguised\n", "KENT\n", "If but as well I other accents borrow,\n", "That can my speech defuse, my good intent\n", "May carry through itself to that full issue\n", "For which I razed my likeness. Now, banish'd Kent,\n", "If thou canst serve where thou dost stand condemn'd,\n", "So may it come, thy master, whom thou lovest,\n", "Shall find thee full of labours.\n", "Horns within. Enter KING LEAR, Knights, and Attendants\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let me not stay a jot for dinner; go get it ready.\n", "Exit an Attendant\n", "\n", "How now! what art thou?\n", "KENT\n", "A man, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What dost thou profess? what wouldst thou with us?\n", "KENT\n", "I do profess to be no less than I seem; to serve\n", "him truly that will put me in trust: to love him\n", "that is honest; to converse with him that is wise,\n", "and says little; to fear judgment; to fight when I\n", "cannot choose; and to eat no fish.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What art thou?\n", "KENT\n", "A very honest-hearted fellow, and as poor as the king.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "If thou be as poor for a subject as he is for a\n", "king, thou art poor enough. What wouldst thou?\n", "KENT\n", "Service.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Who wouldst thou serve?\n", "KENT\n", "You.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Dost thou know me, fellow?\n", "KENT\n", "No, sir; but you have that in your countenance\n", "which I would fain call master.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What's that?\n", "KENT\n", "Authority.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What services canst thou do?\n", "KENT\n", "I can keep honest counsel, ride, run, mar a curious\n", "tale in telling it, and deliver a plain message\n", "bluntly: that which ordinary men are fit for, I am\n", "qualified in; and the best of me is diligence.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "How old art thou?\n", "KENT\n", "Not so young, sir, to love a woman for singing, nor\n", "so old to dote on her for any thing: I have years\n", "on my back forty eight.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Follow me; thou shalt serve me: if I like thee no\n", "worse after dinner, I will not part from thee yet.\n", "Dinner, ho, dinner! Where's my knave? my fool?\n", "Go you, and call my fool hither.\n", "Exit an Attendant\n", "\n", "Enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "You, you, sirrah, where's my daughter?\n", "OSWALD\n", "So please you,--\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What says the fellow there? Call the clotpoll back.\n", "Exit a Knight\n", "\n", "Where's my fool, ho? I think the world's asleep.\n", "Re-enter Knight\n", "\n", "How now! where's that mongrel?\n", "Knight\n", "He says, my lord, your daughter is not well.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why came not the slave back to me when I called him.\n", "Knight\n", "Sir, he answered me in the roundest manner, he would\n", "not.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "He would not!\n", "Knight\n", "My lord, I know not what the matter is; but, to my\n", "judgment, your highness is not entertained with that\n", "ceremonious affection as you were wont; there's a\n", "great abatement of kindness appears as well in the\n", "general dependants as in the duke himself also and\n", "your daughter.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ha! sayest thou so?\n", "Knight\n", "I beseech you, pardon me, my lord, if I be mistaken;\n", "for my duty cannot be silent when I think your\n", "highness wronged.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Thou but rememberest me of mine own conception: I\n", "have perceived a most faint neglect of late; which I\n", "have rather blamed as mine own jealous curiosity\n", "than as a very pretence and purpose of unkindness:\n", "I will look further into't. But where's my fool? I\n", "have not seen him this two days.\n", "Knight\n", "Since my young lady's going into France, sir, the\n", "fool hath much pined away.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No more of that; I have noted it well. Go you, and\n", "tell my daughter I would speak with her.\n", "Exit an Attendant\n", "\n", "Go you, call hither my fool.\n", "Exit an Attendant\n", "\n", "Re-enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "O, you sir, you, come you hither, sir: who am I,\n", "sir?\n", "OSWALD\n", "My lady's father.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "'My lady's father'! my lord's knave: your\n", "whoreson dog! you slave! you cur!\n", "OSWALD\n", "I am none of these, my lord; I beseech your pardon.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Do you bandy looks with me, you rascal?\n", "Striking him\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "I'll not be struck, my lord.\n", "KENT\n", "Nor tripped neither, you base football player.\n", "Tripping up his heels\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I thank thee, fellow; thou servest me, and I'll\n", "love thee.\n", "KENT\n", "Come, sir, arise, away! I'll teach you differences:\n", "away, away! if you will measure your lubber's\n", "length again, tarry: but away! go to; have you\n", "wisdom? so.\n", "Pushes OSWALD out\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Now, my friendly knave, I thank thee: there's\n", "earnest of thy service.\n", "Giving KENT money\n", "\n", "Enter Fool\n", "\n", "Fool\n", "Let me hire him too: here's my coxcomb.\n", "Offering KENT his cap\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "How now, my pretty knave! how dost thou?\n", "Fool\n", "Sirrah, you were best take my coxcomb.\n", "KENT\n", "Why, fool?\n", "Fool\n", "Why, for taking one's part that's out of favour:\n", "nay, an thou canst not smile as the wind sits,\n", "thou'lt catch cold shortly: there, take my coxcomb:\n", "why, this fellow has banished two on's daughters,\n", "and did the third a blessing against his will; if\n", "thou follow him, thou must needs wear my coxcomb.\n", "How now, nuncle! Would I had two coxcombs and two daughters!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why, my boy?\n", "Fool\n", "If I gave them all my living, I'ld keep my coxcombs\n", "myself. There's mine; beg another of thy daughters.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Take heed, sirrah; the whip.\n", "Fool\n", "Truth's a dog must to kennel; he must be whipped\n", "out, when Lady the brach may stand by the fire and stink.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "A pestilent gall to me!\n", "Fool\n", "Sirrah, I'll teach thee a speech.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Do.\n", "Fool\n", "Mark it, nuncle:\n", "Have more than thou showest,\n", "Speak less than thou knowest,\n", "Lend less than thou owest,\n", "Ride more than thou goest,\n", "Learn more than thou trowest,\n", "Set less than thou throwest;\n", "Leave thy drink and thy whore,\n", "And keep in-a-door,\n", "And thou shalt have more\n", "Than two tens to a score.\n", "KENT\n", "This is nothing, fool.\n", "Fool\n", "Then 'tis like the breath of an unfee'd lawyer; you\n", "gave me nothing for't. Can you make no use of\n", "nothing, nuncle?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why, no, boy; nothing can be made out of nothing.\n", "Fool\n", "[To KENT] Prithee, tell him, so much the rent of\n", "his land comes to: he will not believe a fool.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "A bitter fool!\n", "Fool\n", "Dost thou know the difference, my boy, between a\n", "bitter fool and a sweet fool?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, lad; teach me.\n", "Fool\n", "That lord that counsell'd thee\n", "To give away thy land,\n", "Come place him here by me,\n", "Do thou for him stand:\n", "The sweet and bitter fool\n", "Will presently appear;\n", "The one in motley here,\n", "The other found out there.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Dost thou call me fool, boy?\n", "Fool\n", "All thy other titles thou hast given away; that\n", "thou wast born with.\n", "KENT\n", "This is not altogether fool, my lord.\n", "Fool\n", "No, faith, lords and great men will not let me; if\n", "I had a monopoly out, they would have part on't:\n", "and ladies too, they will not let me have all fool\n", "to myself; they'll be snatching. Give me an egg,\n", "nuncle, and I'll give thee two crowns.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What two crowns shall they be?\n", "Fool\n", "Why, after I have cut the egg i' the middle, and eat\n", "up the meat, the two crowns of the egg. When thou\n", "clovest thy crown i' the middle, and gavest away\n", "both parts, thou borest thy ass on thy back o'er\n", "the dirt: thou hadst little wit in thy bald crown,\n", "when thou gavest thy golden one away. If I speak\n", "like myself in this, let him be whipped that first\n", "finds it so.\n", "Singing\n", "\n", "Fools had ne'er less wit in a year;\n", "For wise men are grown foppish,\n", "They know not how their wits to wear,\n", "Their manners are so apish.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "When were you wont to be so full of songs, sirrah?\n", "Fool\n", "I have used it, nuncle, ever since thou madest thy\n", "daughters thy mothers: for when thou gavest them\n", "the rod, and put'st down thine own breeches,\n", "Singing\n", "\n", "Then they for sudden joy did weep,\n", "And I for sorrow sung,\n", "That such a king should play bo-peep,\n", "And go the fools among.\n", "Prithee, nuncle, keep a schoolmaster that can teach\n", "thy fool to lie: I would fain learn to lie.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "An you lie, sirrah, we'll have you whipped.\n", "Fool\n", "I marvel what kin thou and thy daughters are:\n", "they'll have me whipped for speaking true, thou'lt\n", "have me whipped for lying; and sometimes I am\n", "whipped for holding my peace. I had rather be any\n", "kind o' thing than a fool: and yet I would not be\n", "thee, nuncle; thou hast pared thy wit o' both sides,\n", "and left nothing i' the middle: here comes one o'\n", "the parings.\n", "Enter GONERIL\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "How now, daughter! what makes that frontlet on?\n", "Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown.\n", "Fool\n", "Thou wast a pretty fellow when thou hadst no need to\n", "care for her frowning; now thou art an O without a\n", "figure: I am better than thou art now; I am a fool,\n", "thou art nothing.\n", "To GONERIL\n", "\n", "Yes, forsooth, I will hold my tongue; so your face\n", "bids me, though you say nothing. Mum, mum,\n", "He that keeps nor crust nor crum,\n", "Weary of all, shall want some.\n", "Pointing to KING LEAR\n", "\n", "That's a shealed peascod.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Not only, sir, this your all-licensed fool,\n", "But other of your insolent retinue\n", "Do hourly carp and quarrel; breaking forth\n", "In rank and not-to-be endured riots. Sir,\n", "I had thought, by making this well known unto you,\n", "To have found a safe redress; but now grow fearful,\n", "By what yourself too late have spoke and done.\n", "That you protect this course, and put it on\n", "By your allowance; which if you should, the fault\n", "Would not 'scape censure, nor the redresses sleep,\n", "Which, in the tender of a wholesome weal,\n", "Might in their working do you that offence,\n", "Which else were shame, that then necessity\n", "Will call discreet proceeding.\n", "Fool\n", "For, you trow, nuncle,\n", "The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long,\n", "That it's had it head bit off by it young.\n", "So, out went the candle, and we were left darkling.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Are you our daughter?\n", "GONERIL\n", "Come, sir,\n", "I would you would make use of that good wisdom,\n", "Whereof I know you are fraught; and put away\n", "These dispositions, that of late transform you\n", "From what you rightly are.\n", "Fool\n", "May not an ass know when the cart\n", "draws the horse? Whoop, Jug! I love thee.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Doth any here know me? This is not Lear:\n", "Doth Lear walk thus? speak thus? Where are his eyes?\n", "Either his notion weakens, his discernings\n", "Are lethargied--Ha! waking? 'tis not so.\n", "Who is it that can tell me who I am?\n", "Fool\n", "Lear's shadow.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I would learn that; for, by the\n", "marks of sovereignty, knowledge, and reason,\n", "I should be false persuaded I had daughters.\n", "Fool\n", "Which they will make an obedient father.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Your name, fair gentlewoman?\n", "GONERIL\n", "This admiration, sir, is much o' the savour\n", "Of other your new pranks. I do beseech you\n", "To understand my purposes aright:\n", "As you are old and reverend, you should be wise.\n", "Here do you keep a hundred knights and squires;\n", "Men so disorder'd, so debosh'd and bold,\n", "That this our court, infected with their manners,\n", "Shows like a riotous inn: epicurism and lust\n", "Make it more like a tavern or a brothel\n", "Than a graced palace. The shame itself doth speak\n", "For instant remedy: be then desired\n", "By her, that else will take the thing she begs,\n", "A little to disquantity your train;\n", "And the remainder, that shall still depend,\n", "To be such men as may besort your age,\n", "And know themselves and you.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Darkness and devils!\n", "Saddle my horses; call my train together:\n", "Degenerate bastard! I'll not trouble thee.\n", "Yet have I left a daughter.\n", "GONERIL\n", "You strike my people; and your disorder'd rabble\n", "Make servants of their betters.\n", "Enter ALBANY\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Woe, that too late repents,--\n", "To ALBANY\n", "\n", "O, sir, are you come?\n", "Is it your will? Speak, sir. Prepare my horses.\n", "Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend,\n", "More hideous when thou show'st thee in a child\n", "Than the sea-monster!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Pray, sir, be patient.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "[To GONERIL] Detested kite! thou liest.\n", "My train are men of choice and rarest parts,\n", "That all particulars of duty know,\n", "And in the most exact regard support\n", "The worships of their name. O most small fault,\n", "How ugly didst thou in Cordelia show!\n", "That, like an engine, wrench'd my frame of nature\n", "From the fix'd place; drew from heart all love,\n", "And added to the gall. O Lear, Lear, Lear!\n", "Beat at this gate, that let thy folly in,\n", "Striking his head\n", "\n", "And thy dear judgment out! Go, go, my people.\n", "ALBANY\n", "My lord, I am guiltless, as I am ignorant\n", "Of what hath moved you.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "It may be so, my lord.\n", "Hear, nature, hear; dear goddess, hear!\n", "Suspend thy purpose, if thou didst intend\n", "To make this creature fruitful!\n", "Into her womb convey sterility!\n", "Dry up in her the organs of increase;\n", "And from her derogate body never spring\n", "A babe to honour her! If she must teem,\n", "Create her child of spleen; that it may live,\n", "And be a thwart disnatured torment to her!\n", "Let it stamp wrinkles in her brow of youth;\n", "With cadent tears fret channels in her cheeks;\n", "Turn all her mother's pains and benefits\n", "To laughter and contempt; that she may feel\n", "How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is\n", "To have a thankless child! Away, away!\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Now, gods that we adore, whereof comes this?\n", "GONERIL\n", "Never afflict yourself to know the cause;\n", "But let his disposition have that scope\n", "That dotage gives it.\n", "Re-enter KING LEAR\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What, fifty of my followers at a clap!\n", "Within a fortnight!\n", "ALBANY\n", "What's the matter, sir?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I'll tell thee:\n", "To GONERIL\n", "\n", "Life and death! I am ashamed\n", "That thou hast power to shake my manhood thus;\n", "That these hot tears, which break from me perforce,\n", "Should make thee worth them. Blasts and fogs upon thee!\n", "The untented woundings of a father's curse\n", "Pierce every sense about thee! Old fond eyes,\n", "Beweep this cause again, I'll pluck ye out,\n", "And cast you, with the waters that you lose,\n", "To temper clay. Yea, it is come to this?\n", "Let is be so: yet have I left a daughter,\n", "Who, I am sure, is kind and comfortable:\n", "When she shall hear this of thee, with her nails\n", "She'll flay thy wolvish visage. Thou shalt find\n", "That I'll resume the shape which thou dost think\n", "I have cast off for ever: thou shalt,\n", "I warrant thee.\n", "Exeunt KING LEAR, KENT, and Attendants\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "Do you mark that, my lord?\n", "ALBANY\n", "I cannot be so partial, Goneril,\n", "To the great love I bear you,--\n", "GONERIL\n", "Pray you, content. What, Oswald, ho!\n", "To the Fool\n", "\n", "You, sir, more knave than fool, after your master.\n", "Fool\n", "Nuncle Lear, nuncle Lear, tarry and take the fool\n", "with thee.\n", "A fox, when one has caught her,\n", "And such a daughter,\n", "Should sure to the slaughter,\n", "If my cap would buy a halter:\n", "So the fool follows after.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "This man hath had good counsel:--a hundred knights!\n", "'Tis politic and safe to let him keep\n", "At point a hundred knights: yes, that, on every dream,\n", "Each buzz, each fancy, each complaint, dislike,\n", "He may enguard his dotage with their powers,\n", "And hold our lives in mercy. Oswald, I say!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Well, you may fear too far.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Safer than trust too far:\n", "Let me still take away the harms I fear,\n", "Not fear still to be taken: I know his heart.\n", "What he hath utter'd I have writ my sister\n", "If she sustain him and his hundred knights\n", "When I have show'd the unfitness,--\n", "Re-enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "How now, Oswald!\n", "What, have you writ that letter to my sister?\n", "OSWALD\n", "Yes, madam.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Take you some company, and away to horse:\n", "Inform her full of my particular fear;\n", "And thereto add such reasons of your own\n", "As may compact it more. Get you gone;\n", "And hasten your return.\n", "Exit OSWALD\n", "\n", "No, no, my lord,\n", "This milky gentleness and course of yours\n", "Though I condemn not, yet, under pardon,\n", "You are much more attask'd for want of wisdom\n", "Than praised for harmful mildness.\n", "ALBANY\n", "How far your eyes may pierce I can not tell:\n", "Striving to better, oft we mar what's well.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Nay, then--\n", "ALBANY\n", "Well, well; the event.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE V. Court before the same.\n", "Enter KING LEAR, KENT, and Fool\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Go you before to Gloucester with these letters.\n", "Acquaint my daughter no further with any thing you\n", "know than comes from her demand out of the letter.\n", "If your diligence be not speedy, I shall be there afore you.\n", "KENT\n", "I will not sleep, my lord, till I have delivered\n", "your letter.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "Fool\n", "If a man's brains were in's heels, were't not in\n", "danger of kibes?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ay, boy.\n", "Fool\n", "Then, I prithee, be merry; thy wit shall ne'er go\n", "slip-shod.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ha, ha, ha!\n", "Fool\n", "Shalt see thy other daughter will use thee kindly;\n", "for though she's as like this as a crab's like an\n", "apple, yet I can tell what I can tell.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why, what canst thou tell, my boy?\n", "Fool\n", "She will taste as like this as a crab does to a\n", "crab. Thou canst tell why one's nose stands i'\n", "the middle on's face?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No.\n", "Fool\n", "Why, to keep one's eyes of either side's nose; that\n", "what a man cannot smell out, he may spy into.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I did her wrong--\n", "Fool\n", "Canst tell how an oyster makes his shell?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No.\n", "Fool\n", "Nor I neither; but I can tell why a snail has a house.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why?\n", "Fool\n", "Why, to put his head in; not to give it away to his\n", "daughters, and leave his horns without a case.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I will forget my nature. So kind a father! Be my\n", "horses ready?\n", "Fool\n", "Thy asses are gone about 'em. The reason why the\n", "seven stars are no more than seven is a pretty reason.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Because they are not eight?\n", "Fool\n", "Yes, indeed: thou wouldst make a good fool.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "To take 't again perforce! Monster ingratitude!\n", "Fool\n", "If thou wert my fool, nuncle, I'ld have thee beaten\n", "for being old before thy time.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "How's that?\n", "Fool\n", "Thou shouldst not have been old till thou hadst\n", "been wise.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven\n", "Keep me in temper: I would not be mad!\n", "Enter Gentleman\n", "\n", "How now! are the horses ready?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Ready, my lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Come, boy.\n", "Fool\n", "She that's a maid now, and laughs at my departure,\n", "Shall not be a maid long, unless things be cut shorter.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "ACT II\n", "SCENE I. GLOUCESTER's castle.\n", "Enter EDMUND, and CURAN meets him\n", "EDMUND\n", "Save thee, Curan.\n", "CURAN\n", "And you, sir. I have been with your father, and\n", "given him notice that the Duke of Cornwall and Regan\n", "his duchess will be here with him this night.\n", "EDMUND\n", "How comes that?\n", "CURAN\n", "Nay, I know not. You have heard of the news abroad;\n", "I mean the whispered ones, for they are yet but\n", "ear-kissing arguments?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Not I pray you, what are they?\n", "CURAN\n", "Have you heard of no likely wars toward, 'twixt the\n", "Dukes of Cornwall and Albany?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Not a word.\n", "CURAN\n", "You may do, then, in time. Fare you well, sir.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "The duke be here to-night? The better! best!\n", "This weaves itself perforce into my business.\n", "My father hath set guard to take my brother;\n", "And I have one thing, of a queasy question,\n", "Which I must act: briefness and fortune, work!\n", "Brother, a word; descend: brother, I say!\n", "Enter EDGAR\n", "\n", "My father watches: O sir, fly this place;\n", "Intelligence is given where you are hid;\n", "You have now the good advantage of the night:\n", "Have you not spoken 'gainst the Duke of Cornwall?\n", "He's coming hither: now, i' the night, i' the haste,\n", "And Regan with him: have you nothing said\n", "Upon his party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?\n", "Advise yourself.\n", "EDGAR\n", "I am sure on't, not a word.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I hear my father coming: pardon me:\n", "In cunning I must draw my sword upon you\n", "Draw; seem to defend yourself; now quit you well.\n", "Yield: come before my father. Light, ho, here!\n", "Fly, brother. Torches, torches! So, farewell.\n", "Exit EDGAR\n", "\n", "Some blood drawn on me would beget opinion.\n", "Wounds his arm\n", "\n", "Of my more fierce endeavour: I have seen drunkards\n", "Do more than this in sport. Father, father!\n", "Stop, stop! No help?\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, and Servants with torches\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Now, Edmund, where's the villain?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Here stood he in the dark, his sharp sword out,\n", "Mumbling of wicked charms, conjuring the moon\n", "To stand auspicious mistress,--\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "But where is he?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Look, sir, I bleed.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Where is the villain, Edmund?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Fled this way, sir. When by no means he could--\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Pursue him, ho! Go after.\n", "Exeunt some Servants\n", "\n", "By no means what?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Persuade me to the murder of your lordship;\n", "But that I told him, the revenging gods\n", "'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend;\n", "Spoke, with how manifold and strong a bond\n", "The child was bound to the father; sir, in fine,\n", "Seeing how loathly opposite I stood\n", "To his unnatural purpose, in fell motion,\n", "With his prepared sword, he charges home\n", "My unprovided body, lanced mine arm:\n", "But when he saw my best alarum'd spirits,\n", "Bold in the quarrel's right, roused to the encounter,\n", "Or whether gasted by the noise I made,\n", "Full suddenly he fled.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Let him fly far:\n", "Not in this land shall he remain uncaught;\n", "And found--dispatch. The noble duke my master,\n", "My worthy arch and patron, comes to-night:\n", "By his authority I will proclaim it,\n", "That he which finds him shall deserve our thanks,\n", "Bringing the murderous coward to the stake;\n", "He that conceals him, death.\n", "EDMUND\n", "When I dissuaded him from his intent,\n", "And found him pight to do it, with curst speech\n", "I threaten'd to discover him: he replied,\n", "'Thou unpossessing bastard! dost thou think,\n", "If I would stand against thee, would the reposal\n", "Of any trust, virtue, or worth in thee\n", "Make thy words faith'd? No: what I should deny,--\n", "As this I would: ay, though thou didst produce\n", "My very character,--I'ld turn it all\n", "To thy suggestion, plot, and damned practise:\n", "And thou must make a dullard of the world,\n", "If they not thought the profits of my death\n", "Were very pregnant and potential spurs\n", "To make thee seek it.'\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Strong and fasten'd villain\n", "Would he deny his letter? I never got him.\n", "Tucket within\n", "\n", "Hark, the duke's trumpets! I know not why he comes.\n", "All ports I'll bar; the villain shall not 'scape;\n", "The duke must grant me that: besides, his picture\n", "I will send far and near, that all the kingdom\n", "May have the due note of him; and of my land,\n", "Loyal and natural boy, I'll work the means\n", "To make thee capable.\n", "Enter CORNWALL, REGAN, and Attendants\n", "\n", "CORNWALL\n", "How now, my noble friend! since I came hither,\n", "Which I can call but now, I have heard strange news.\n", "REGAN\n", "If it be true, all vengeance comes too short\n", "Which can pursue the offender. How dost, my lord?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O, madam, my old heart is crack'd, it's crack'd!\n", "REGAN\n", "What, did my father's godson seek your life?\n", "He whom my father named? your Edgar?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O, lady, lady, shame would have it hid!\n", "REGAN\n", "Was he not companion with the riotous knights\n", "That tend upon my father?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I know not, madam: 'tis too bad, too bad.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Yes, madam, he was of that consort.\n", "REGAN\n", "No marvel, then, though he were ill affected:\n", "'Tis they have put him on the old man's death,\n", "To have the expense and waste of his revenues.\n", "I have this present evening from my sister\n", "Been well inform'd of them; and with such cautions,\n", "That if they come to sojourn at my house,\n", "I'll not be there.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Nor I, assure thee, Regan.\n", "Edmund, I hear that you have shown your father\n", "A child-like office.\n", "EDMUND\n", "'Twas my duty, sir.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He did bewray his practise; and received\n", "This hurt you see, striving to apprehend him.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Is he pursued?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Ay, my good lord.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "If he be taken, he shall never more\n", "Be fear'd of doing harm: make your own purpose,\n", "How in my strength you please. For you, Edmund,\n", "Whose virtue and obedience doth this instant\n", "So much commend itself, you shall be ours:\n", "Natures of such deep trust we shall much need;\n", "You we first seize on.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I shall serve you, sir,\n", "Truly, however else.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "For him I thank your grace.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "You know not why we came to visit you,--\n", "REGAN\n", "Thus out of season, threading dark-eyed night:\n", "Occasions, noble Gloucester, of some poise,\n", "Wherein we must have use of your advice:\n", "Our father he hath writ, so hath our sister,\n", "Of differences, which I least thought it fit\n", "To answer from our home; the several messengers\n", "From hence attend dispatch. Our good old friend,\n", "Lay comforts to your bosom; and bestow\n", "Your needful counsel to our business,\n", "Which craves the instant use.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I serve you, madam:\n", "Your graces are right welcome.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE II. Before Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter KENT and OSWALD, severally\n", "OSWALD\n", "Good dawning to thee, friend: art of this house?\n", "KENT\n", "Ay.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Where may we set our horses?\n", "KENT\n", "I' the mire.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Prithee, if thou lovest me, tell me.\n", "KENT\n", "I love thee not.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Why, then, I care not for thee.\n", "KENT\n", "If I had thee in Lipsbury pinfold, I would make thee\n", "care for me.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Why dost thou use me thus? I know thee not.\n", "KENT\n", "Fellow, I know thee.\n", "OSWALD\n", "What dost thou know me for?\n", "KENT\n", "A knave; a rascal; an eater of broken meats; a\n", "base, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited,\n", "hundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave; a\n", "lily-livered, action-taking knave, a whoreson,\n", "glass-gazing, super-serviceable finical rogue;\n", "one-trunk-inheriting slave; one that wouldst be a\n", "bawd, in way of good service, and art nothing but\n", "the composition of a knave, beggar, coward, pandar,\n", "and the son and heir of a mongrel bitch: one whom I\n", "will beat into clamorous whining, if thou deniest\n", "the least syllable of thy addition.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Why, what a monstrous fellow art thou, thus to rail\n", "on one that is neither known of thee nor knows thee!\n", "KENT\n", "What a brazen-faced varlet art thou, to deny thou\n", "knowest me! Is it two days ago since I tripped up\n", "thy heels, and beat thee before the king? Draw, you\n", "rogue: for, though it be night, yet the moon\n", "shines; I'll make a sop o' the moonshine of you:\n", "draw, you whoreson cullionly barber-monger, draw.\n", "Drawing his sword\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "Away! I have nothing to do with thee.\n", "KENT\n", "Draw, you rascal: you come with letters against the\n", "king; and take vanity the puppet's part against the\n", "royalty of her father: draw, you rogue, or I'll so\n", "carbonado your shanks: draw, you rascal; come your ways.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Help, ho! murder! help!\n", "KENT\n", "Strike, you slave; stand, rogue, stand; you neat\n", "slave, strike.\n", "Beating him\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "Help, ho! murder! murder!\n", "Enter EDMUND, with his rapier drawn, CORNWALL, REGAN, GLOUCESTER, and Servants\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "How now! What's the matter?\n", "KENT\n", "With you, goodman boy, an you please: come, I'll\n", "flesh ye; come on, young master.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Weapons! arms! What 's the matter here?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Keep peace, upon your lives:\n", "He dies that strikes again. What is the matter?\n", "REGAN\n", "The messengers from our sister and the king.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "What is your difference? speak.\n", "OSWALD\n", "I am scarce in breath, my lord.\n", "KENT\n", "No marvel, you have so bestirred your valour. You\n", "cowardly rascal, nature disclaims in thee: a\n", "tailor made thee.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Thou art a strange fellow: a tailor make a man?\n", "KENT\n", "Ay, a tailor, sir: a stone-cutter or painter could\n", "not have made him so ill, though he had been but two\n", "hours at the trade.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Speak yet, how grew your quarrel?\n", "OSWALD\n", "This ancient ruffian, sir, whose life I have spared\n", "at suit of his gray beard,--\n", "KENT\n", "Thou whoreson zed! thou unnecessary letter! My\n", "lord, if you will give me leave, I will tread this\n", "unbolted villain into mortar, and daub the wall of\n", "a jakes with him. Spare my gray beard, you wagtail?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Peace, sirrah!\n", "You beastly knave, know you no reverence?\n", "KENT\n", "Yes, sir; but anger hath a privilege.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Why art thou angry?\n", "KENT\n", "That such a slave as this should wear a sword,\n", "Who wears no honesty. Such smiling rogues as these,\n", "Like rats, oft bite the holy cords a-twain\n", "Which are too intrinse t' unloose; smooth every passion\n", "That in the natures of their lords rebel;\n", "Bring oil to fire, snow to their colder moods;\n", "Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks\n", "With every gale and vary of their masters,\n", "Knowing nought, like dogs, but following.\n", "A plague upon your epileptic visage!\n", "Smile you my speeches, as I were a fool?\n", "Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain,\n", "I'ld drive ye cackling home to Camelot.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Why, art thou mad, old fellow?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "How fell you out? say that.\n", "KENT\n", "No contraries hold more antipathy\n", "Than I and such a knave.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Why dost thou call him a knave? What's his offence?\n", "KENT\n", "His countenance likes me not.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "No more, perchance, does mine, nor his, nor hers.\n", "KENT\n", "Sir, 'tis my occupation to be plain:\n", "I have seen better faces in my time\n", "Than stands on any shoulder that I see\n", "Before me at this instant.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "This is some fellow,\n", "Who, having been praised for bluntness, doth affect\n", "A saucy roughness, and constrains the garb\n", "Quite from his nature: he cannot flatter, he,\n", "An honest mind and plain, he must speak truth!\n", "An they will take it, so; if not, he's plain.\n", "These kind of knaves I know, which in this plainness\n", "Harbour more craft and more corrupter ends\n", "Than twenty silly ducking observants\n", "That stretch their duties nicely.\n", "KENT\n", "Sir, in good sooth, in sincere verity,\n", "Under the allowance of your great aspect,\n", "Whose influence, like the wreath of radiant fire\n", "On flickering Phoebus' front,--\n", "CORNWALL\n", "What mean'st by this?\n", "KENT\n", "To go out of my dialect, which you\n", "discommend so much. I know, sir, I am no\n", "flatterer: he that beguiled you in a plain\n", "accent was a plain knave; which for my part\n", "I will not be, though I should win your displeasure\n", "to entreat me to 't.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "What was the offence you gave him?\n", "OSWALD\n", "I never gave him any:\n", "It pleased the king his master very late\n", "To strike at me, upon his misconstruction;\n", "When he, conjunct and flattering his displeasure,\n", "Tripp'd me behind; being down, insulted, rail'd,\n", "And put upon him such a deal of man,\n", "That worthied him, got praises of the king\n", "For him attempting who was self-subdued;\n", "And, in the fleshment of this dread exploit,\n", "Drew on me here again.\n", "KENT\n", "None of these rogues and cowards\n", "But Ajax is their fool.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Fetch forth the stocks!\n", "You stubborn ancient knave, you reverend braggart,\n", "We'll teach you--\n", "KENT\n", "Sir, I am too old to learn:\n", "Call not your stocks for me: I serve the king;\n", "On whose employment I was sent to you:\n", "You shall do small respect, show too bold malice\n", "Against the grace and person of my master,\n", "Stocking his messenger.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Fetch forth the stocks! As I have life and honour,\n", "There shall he sit till noon.\n", "REGAN\n", "Till noon! till night, my lord; and all night too.\n", "KENT\n", "Why, madam, if I were your father's dog,\n", "You should not use me so.\n", "REGAN\n", "Sir, being his knave, I will.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "This is a fellow of the self-same colour\n", "Our sister speaks of. Come, bring away the stocks!\n", "Stocks brought out\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Let me beseech your grace not to do so:\n", "His fault is much, and the good king his master\n", "Will cheque him for 't: your purposed low correction\n", "Is such as basest and contemned'st wretches\n", "For pilferings and most common trespasses\n", "Are punish'd with: the king must take it ill,\n", "That he's so slightly valued in his messenger,\n", "Should have him thus restrain'd.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I'll answer that.\n", "REGAN\n", "My sister may receive it much more worse,\n", "To have her gentleman abused, assaulted,\n", "For following her affairs. Put in his legs.\n", "KENT is put in the stocks\n", "\n", "Come, my good lord, away.\n", "Exeunt all but GLOUCESTER and KENT\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I am sorry for thee, friend; 'tis the duke's pleasure,\n", "Whose disposition, all the world well knows,\n", "Will not be rubb'd nor stopp'd: I'll entreat for thee.\n", "KENT\n", "Pray, do not, sir: I have watched and travell'd hard;\n", "Some time I shall sleep out, the rest I'll whistle.\n", "A good man's fortune may grow out at heels:\n", "Give you good morrow!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "The duke's to blame in this; 'twill be ill taken.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "KENT\n", "Good king, that must approve the common saw,\n", "Thou out of heaven's benediction comest\n", "To the warm sun!\n", "Approach, thou beacon to this under globe,\n", "That by thy comfortable beams I may\n", "Peruse this letter! Nothing almost sees miracles\n", "But misery: I know 'tis from Cordelia,\n", "Who hath most fortunately been inform'd\n", "Of my obscured course; and shall find time\n", "From this enormous state, seeking to give\n", "Losses their remedies. All weary and o'erwatch'd,\n", "Take vantage, heavy eyes, not to behold\n", "This shameful lodging.\n", "Fortune, good night: smile once more: turn thy wheel!\n", "Sleeps\n", "\n", "SCENE III. A wood.\n", "Enter EDGAR\n", "EDGAR\n", "I heard myself proclaim'd;\n", "And by the happy hollow of a tree\n", "Escaped the hunt. No port is free; no place,\n", "That guard, and most unusual vigilance,\n", "Does not attend my taking. Whiles I may 'scape,\n", "I will preserve myself: and am bethought\n", "To take the basest and most poorest shape\n", "That ever penury, in contempt of man,\n", "Brought near to beast: my face I'll grime with filth;\n", "Blanket my loins: elf all my hair in knots;\n", "And with presented nakedness out-face\n", "The winds and persecutions of the sky.\n", "The country gives me proof and precedent\n", "Of Bedlam beggars, who, with roaring voices,\n", "Strike in their numb'd and mortified bare arms\n", "Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary;\n", "And with this horrible object, from low farms,\n", "Poor pelting villages, sheep-cotes, and mills,\n", "Sometime with lunatic bans, sometime with prayers,\n", "Enforce their charity. Poor Turlygod! poor Tom!\n", "That's something yet: Edgar I nothing am.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE IV. Before GLOUCESTER's castle. KENT in the stocks.\n", "Enter KING LEAR, Fool, and Gentleman\n", "KING LEAR\n", "'Tis strange that they should so depart from home,\n", "And not send back my messenger.\n", "Gentleman\n", "As I learn'd,\n", "The night before there was no purpose in them\n", "Of this remove.\n", "KENT\n", "Hail to thee, noble master!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ha!\n", "Makest thou this shame thy pastime?\n", "KENT\n", "No, my lord.\n", "Fool\n", "Ha, ha! he wears cruel garters. Horses are tied\n", "by the heads, dogs and bears by the neck, monkeys by\n", "the loins, and men by the legs: when a man's\n", "over-lusty at legs, then he wears wooden\n", "nether-stocks.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What's he that hath so much thy place mistook\n", "To set thee here?\n", "KENT\n", "It is both he and she;\n", "Your son and daughter.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No.\n", "KENT\n", "Yes.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, I say.\n", "KENT\n", "I say, yea.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, no, they would not.\n", "KENT\n", "Yes, they have.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "By Jupiter, I swear, no.\n", "KENT\n", "By Juno, I swear, ay.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "They durst not do 't;\n", "They could not, would not do 't; 'tis worse than murder,\n", "To do upon respect such violent outrage:\n", "Resolve me, with all modest haste, which way\n", "Thou mightst deserve, or they impose, this usage,\n", "Coming from us.\n", "KENT\n", "My lord, when at their home\n", "I did commend your highness' letters to them,\n", "Ere I was risen from the place that show'd\n", "My duty kneeling, came there a reeking post,\n", "Stew'd in his haste, half breathless, panting forth\n", "From Goneril his mistress salutations;\n", "Deliver'd letters, spite of intermission,\n", "Which presently they read: on whose contents,\n", "They summon'd up their meiny, straight took horse;\n", "Commanded me to follow, and attend\n", "The leisure of their answer; gave me cold looks:\n", "And meeting here the other messenger,\n", "Whose welcome, I perceived, had poison'd mine,--\n", "Being the very fellow that of late\n", "Display'd so saucily against your highness,--\n", "Having more man than wit about me, drew:\n", "He raised the house with loud and coward cries.\n", "Your son and daughter found this trespass worth\n", "The shame which here it suffers.\n", "Fool\n", "Winter's not gone yet, if the wild-geese fly that way.\n", "Fathers that wear rags\n", "Do make their children blind;\n", "But fathers that bear bags\n", "Shall see their children kind.\n", "Fortune, that arrant whore,\n", "Ne'er turns the key to the poor.\n", "But, for all this, thou shalt have as many dolours\n", "for thy daughters as thou canst tell in a year.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, how this mother swells up toward my heart!\n", "Hysterica passio, down, thou climbing sorrow,\n", "Thy element's below! Where is this daughter?\n", "KENT\n", "With the earl, sir, here within.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Follow me not;\n", "Stay here.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "Gentleman\n", "Made you no more offence but what you speak of?\n", "KENT\n", "None.\n", "How chance the king comes with so small a train?\n", "Fool\n", "And thou hadst been set i' the stocks for that\n", "question, thou hadst well deserved it.\n", "KENT\n", "Why, fool?\n", "Fool\n", "We'll set thee to school to an ant, to teach thee\n", "there's no labouring i' the winter. All that follow\n", "their noses are led by their eyes but blind men; and\n", "there's not a nose among twenty but can smell him\n", "that's stinking. Let go thy hold when a great wheel\n", "runs down a hill, lest it break thy neck with\n", "following it: but the great one that goes up the\n", "hill, let him draw thee after. When a wise man\n", "gives thee better counsel, give me mine again: I\n", "would have none but knaves follow it, since a fool gives it.\n", "That sir which serves and seeks for gain,\n", "And follows but for form,\n", "Will pack when it begins to rain,\n", "And leave thee in the storm,\n", "But I will tarry; the fool will stay,\n", "And let the wise man fly:\n", "The knave turns fool that runs away;\n", "The fool no knave, perdy.\n", "KENT\n", "Where learned you this, fool?\n", "Fool\n", "Not i' the stocks, fool.\n", "Re-enter KING LEAR with GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Deny to speak with me? They are sick? they are weary?\n", "They have travell'd all the night? Mere fetches;\n", "The images of revolt and flying off.\n", "Fetch me a better answer.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "My dear lord,\n", "You know the fiery quality of the duke;\n", "How unremoveable and fix'd he is\n", "In his own course.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Vengeance! plague! death! confusion!\n", "Fiery? what quality? Why, Gloucester, Gloucester,\n", "I'ld speak with the Duke of Cornwall and his wife.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Well, my good lord, I have inform'd them so.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Inform'd them! Dost thou understand me, man?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Ay, my good lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "The king would speak with Cornwall; the dear father\n", "Would with his daughter speak, commands her service:\n", "Are they inform'd of this? My breath and blood!\n", "Fiery? the fiery duke? Tell the hot duke that--\n", "No, but not yet: may be he is not well:\n", "Infirmity doth still neglect all office\n", "Whereto our health is bound; we are not ourselves\n", "When nature, being oppress'd, commands the mind\n", "To suffer with the body: I'll forbear;\n", "And am fall'n out with my more headier will,\n", "To take the indisposed and sickly fit\n", "For the sound man. Death on my state! wherefore\n", "Looking on KENT\n", "\n", "Should he sit here? This act persuades me\n", "That this remotion of the duke and her\n", "Is practise only. Give me my servant forth.\n", "Go tell the duke and 's wife I'ld speak with them,\n", "Now, presently: bid them come forth and hear me,\n", "Or at their chamber-door I'll beat the drum\n", "Till it cry sleep to death.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I would have all well betwixt you.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O me, my heart, my rising heart! but, down!\n", "Fool\n", "Cry to it, nuncle, as the cockney did to the eels\n", "when she put 'em i' the paste alive; she knapped 'em\n", "o' the coxcombs with a stick, and cried 'Down,\n", "wantons, down!' 'Twas her brother that, in pure\n", "kindness to his horse, buttered his hay.\n", "Enter CORNWALL, REGAN, GLOUCESTER, and Servants\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Good morrow to you both.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Hail to your grace!\n", "KENT is set at liberty\n", "\n", "REGAN\n", "I am glad to see your highness.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Regan, I think you are; I know what reason\n", "I have to think so: if thou shouldst not be glad,\n", "I would divorce me from thy mother's tomb,\n", "Sepulchring an adultress.\n", "To KENT\n", "\n", "O, are you free?\n", "Some other time for that. Beloved Regan,\n", "Thy sister's naught: O Regan, she hath tied\n", "Sharp-tooth'd unkindness, like a vulture, here:\n", "Points to his heart\n", "\n", "I can scarce speak to thee; thou'lt not believe\n", "With how depraved a quality--O Regan!\n", "REGAN\n", "I pray you, sir, take patience: I have hope.\n", "You less know how to value her desert\n", "Than she to scant her duty.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Say, how is that?\n", "REGAN\n", "I cannot think my sister in the least\n", "Would fail her obligation: if, sir, perchance\n", "She have restrain'd the riots of your followers,\n", "'Tis on such ground, and to such wholesome end,\n", "As clears her from all blame.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "My curses on her!\n", "REGAN\n", "O, sir, you are old.\n", "Nature in you stands on the very verge\n", "Of her confine: you should be ruled and led\n", "By some discretion, that discerns your state\n", "Better than you yourself. Therefore, I pray you,\n", "That to our sister you do make return;\n", "Say you have wrong'd her, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ask her forgiveness?\n", "Do you but mark how this becomes the house:\n", "'Dear daughter, I confess that I am old;\n", "Kneeling\n", "\n", "Age is unnecessary: on my knees I beg\n", "That you'll vouchsafe me raiment, bed, and food.'\n", "REGAN\n", "Good sir, no more; these are unsightly tricks:\n", "Return you to my sister.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "[Rising] Never, Regan:\n", "She hath abated me of half my train;\n", "Look'd black upon me; struck me with her tongue,\n", "Most serpent-like, upon the very heart:\n", "All the stored vengeances of heaven fall\n", "On her ingrateful top! Strike her young bones,\n", "You taking airs, with lameness!\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Fie, sir, fie!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames\n", "Into her scornful eyes! Infect her beauty,\n", "You fen-suck'd fogs, drawn by the powerful sun,\n", "To fall and blast her pride!\n", "REGAN\n", "O the blest gods! so will you wish on me,\n", "When the rash mood is on.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, Regan, thou shalt never have my curse:\n", "Thy tender-hefted nature shall not give\n", "Thee o'er to harshness: her eyes are fierce; but thine\n", "Do comfort and not burn. 'Tis not in thee\n", "To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train,\n", "To bandy hasty words, to scant my sizes,\n", "And in conclusion to oppose the bolt\n", "Against my coming in: thou better know'st\n", "The offices of nature, bond of childhood,\n", "Effects of courtesy, dues of gratitude;\n", "Thy half o' the kingdom hast thou not forgot,\n", "Wherein I thee endow'd.\n", "REGAN\n", "Good sir, to the purpose.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Who put my man i' the stocks?\n", "Tucket within\n", "\n", "CORNWALL\n", "What trumpet's that?\n", "REGAN\n", "I know't, my sister's: this approves her letter,\n", "That she would soon be here.\n", "Enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "Is your lady come?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "This is a slave, whose easy-borrow'd pride\n", "Dwells in the fickle grace of her he follows.\n", "Out, varlet, from my sight!\n", "CORNWALL\n", "What means your grace?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Who stock'd my servant? Regan, I have good hope\n", "Thou didst not know on't. Who comes here? O heavens,\n", "Enter GONERIL\n", "\n", "If you do love old men, if your sweet sway\n", "Allow obedience, if yourselves are old,\n", "Make it your cause; send down, and take my part!\n", "To GONERIL\n", "\n", "Art not ashamed to look upon this beard?\n", "O Regan, wilt thou take her by the hand?\n", "GONERIL\n", "Why not by the hand, sir? How have I offended?\n", "All's not offence that indiscretion finds\n", "And dotage terms so.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O sides, you are too tough;\n", "Will you yet hold? How came my man i' the stocks?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I set him there, sir: but his own disorders\n", "Deserved much less advancement.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You! did you?\n", "REGAN\n", "I pray you, father, being weak, seem so.\n", "If, till the expiration of your month,\n", "You will return and sojourn with my sister,\n", "Dismissing half your train, come then to me:\n", "I am now from home, and out of that provision\n", "Which shall be needful for your entertainment.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Return to her, and fifty men dismiss'd?\n", "No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose\n", "To wage against the enmity o' the air;\n", "To be a comrade with the wolf and owl,--\n", "Necessity's sharp pinch! Return with her?\n", "Why, the hot-blooded France, that dowerless took\n", "Our youngest born, I could as well be brought\n", "To knee his throne, and, squire-like; pension beg\n", "To keep base life afoot. Return with her?\n", "Persuade me rather to be slave and sumpter\n", "To this detested groom.\n", "Pointing at OSWALD\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "At your choice, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I prithee, daughter, do not make me mad:\n", "I will not trouble thee, my child; farewell:\n", "We'll no more meet, no more see one another:\n", "But yet thou art my flesh, my blood, my daughter;\n", "Or rather a disease that's in my flesh,\n", "Which I must needs call mine: thou art a boil,\n", "A plague-sore, an embossed carbuncle,\n", "In my corrupted blood. But I'll not chide thee;\n", "Let shame come when it will, I do not call it:\n", "I do not bid the thunder-bearer shoot,\n", "Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove:\n", "Mend when thou canst; be better at thy leisure:\n", "I can be patient; I can stay with Regan,\n", "I and my hundred knights.\n", "REGAN\n", "Not altogether so:\n", "I look'd not for you yet, nor am provided\n", "For your fit welcome. Give ear, sir, to my sister;\n", "For those that mingle reason with your passion\n", "Must be content to think you old, and so--\n", "But she knows what she does.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Is this well spoken?\n", "REGAN\n", "I dare avouch it, sir: what, fifty followers?\n", "Is it not well? What should you need of more?\n", "Yea, or so many, sith that both charge and danger\n", "Speak 'gainst so great a number? How, in one house,\n", "Should many people, under two commands,\n", "Hold amity? 'Tis hard; almost impossible.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Why might not you, my lord, receive attendance\n", "From those that she calls servants or from mine?\n", "REGAN\n", "Why not, my lord? If then they chanced to slack you,\n", "We could control them. If you will come to me,--\n", "For now I spy a danger,--I entreat you\n", "To bring but five and twenty: to no more\n", "Will I give place or notice.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I gave you all--\n", "REGAN\n", "And in good time you gave it.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Made you my guardians, my depositaries;\n", "But kept a reservation to be follow'd\n", "With such a number. What, must I come to you\n", "With five and twenty, Regan? said you so?\n", "REGAN\n", "And speak't again, my lord; no more with me.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Those wicked creatures yet do look well-favour'd,\n", "When others are more wicked: not being the worst\n", "Stands in some rank of praise.\n", "To GONERIL\n", "\n", "I'll go with thee:\n", "Thy fifty yet doth double five and twenty,\n", "And thou art twice her love.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Hear me, my lord;\n", "What need you five and twenty, ten, or five,\n", "To follow in a house where twice so many\n", "Have a command to tend you?\n", "REGAN\n", "What need one?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, reason not the need: our basest beggars\n", "Are in the poorest thing superfluous:\n", "Allow not nature more than nature needs,\n", "Man's life's as cheap as beast's: thou art a lady;\n", "If only to go warm were gorgeous,\n", "Why, nature needs not what thou gorgeous wear'st,\n", "Which scarcely keeps thee warm. But, for true need,--\n", "You heavens, give me that patience, patience I need!\n", "You see me here, you gods, a poor old man,\n", "As full of grief as age; wretched in both!\n", "If it be you that stir these daughters' hearts\n", "Against their father, fool me not so much\n", "To bear it tamely; touch me with noble anger,\n", "And let not women's weapons, water-drops,\n", "Stain my man's cheeks! No, you unnatural hags,\n", "I will have such revenges on you both,\n", "That all the world shall--I will do such things,--\n", "What they are, yet I know not: but they shall be\n", "The terrors of the earth. You think I'll weep\n", "No, I'll not weep:\n", "I have full cause of weeping; but this heart\n", "Shall break into a hundred thousand flaws,\n", "Or ere I'll weep. O fool, I shall go mad!\n", "Exeunt KING LEAR, GLOUCESTER, KENT, and Fool\n", "\n", "Storm and tempest\n", "\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Let us withdraw; 'twill be a storm.\n", "REGAN\n", "This house is little: the old man and his people\n", "Cannot be well bestow'd.\n", "GONERIL\n", "'Tis his own blame; hath put himself from rest,\n", "And must needs taste his folly.\n", "REGAN\n", "For his particular, I'll receive him gladly,\n", "But not one follower.\n", "GONERIL\n", "So am I purposed.\n", "Where is my lord of Gloucester?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Follow'd the old man forth: he is return'd.\n", "Re-enter GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "The king is in high rage.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Whither is he going?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He calls to horse; but will I know not whither.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "'Tis best to give him way; he leads himself.\n", "GONERIL\n", "My lord, entreat him by no means to stay.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Alack, the night comes on, and the bleak winds\n", "Do sorely ruffle; for many miles a bout\n", "There's scarce a bush.\n", "REGAN\n", "O, sir, to wilful men,\n", "The injuries that they themselves procure\n", "Must be their schoolmasters. Shut up your doors:\n", "He is attended with a desperate train;\n", "And what they may incense him to, being apt\n", "To have his ear abused, wisdom bids fear.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Shut up your doors, my lord; 'tis a wild night:\n", "My Regan counsels well; come out o' the storm.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "ACT III\n", "SCENE I. A heath.\n", "Storm still. Enter KENT and a Gentleman, meeting\n", "KENT\n", "Who's there, besides foul weather?\n", "Gentleman\n", "One minded like the weather, most unquietly.\n", "KENT\n", "I know you. Where's the king?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Contending with the fretful element:\n", "Bids the winds blow the earth into the sea,\n", "Or swell the curled water 'bove the main,\n", "That things might change or cease; tears his white hair,\n", "Which the impetuous blasts, with eyeless rage,\n", "Catch in their fury, and make nothing of;\n", "Strives in his little world of man to out-scorn\n", "The to-and-fro-conflicting wind and rain.\n", "This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch,\n", "The lion and the belly-pinched wolf\n", "Keep their fur dry, unbonneted he runs,\n", "And bids what will take all.\n", "KENT\n", "But who is with him?\n", "Gentleman\n", "None but the fool; who labours to out-jest\n", "His heart-struck injuries.\n", "KENT\n", "Sir, I do know you;\n", "And dare, upon the warrant of my note,\n", "Commend a dear thing to you. There is division,\n", "Although as yet the face of it be cover'd\n", "With mutual cunning, 'twixt Albany and Cornwall;\n", "Who have--as who have not, that their great stars\n", "Throned and set high?--servants, who seem no less,\n", "Which are to France the spies and speculations\n", "Intelligent of our state; what hath been seen,\n", "Either in snuffs and packings of the dukes,\n", "Or the hard rein which both of them have borne\n", "Against the old kind king; or something deeper,\n", "Whereof perchance these are but furnishings;\n", "But, true it is, from France there comes a power\n", "Into this scatter'd kingdom; who already,\n", "Wise in our negligence, have secret feet\n", "In some of our best ports, and are at point\n", "To show their open banner. Now to you:\n", "If on my credit you dare build so far\n", "To make your speed to Dover, you shall find\n", "Some that will thank you, making just report\n", "Of how unnatural and bemadding sorrow\n", "The king hath cause to plain.\n", "I am a gentleman of blood and breeding;\n", "And, from some knowledge and assurance, offer\n", "This office to you.\n", "Gentleman\n", "I will talk further with you.\n", "KENT\n", "No, do not.\n", "For confirmation that I am much more\n", "Than my out-wall, open this purse, and take\n", "What it contains. If you shall see Cordelia,--\n", "As fear not but you shall,--show her this ring;\n", "And she will tell you who your fellow is\n", "That yet you do not know. Fie on this storm!\n", "I will go seek the king.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Give me your hand: have you no more to say?\n", "KENT\n", "Few words, but, to effect, more than all yet;\n", "That, when we have found the king,--in which your pain\n", "That way, I'll this,--he that first lights on him\n", "Holla the other.\n", "Exeunt severally\n", "\n", "SCENE II. Another part of the heath. Storm still.\n", "Enter KING LEAR and Fool\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow!\n", "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout\n", "Till you have drench'd our steeples, drown'd the cocks!\n", "You sulphurous and thought-executing fires,\n", "Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts,\n", "Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder,\n", "Smite flat the thick rotundity o' the world!\n", "Crack nature's moulds, an germens spill at once,\n", "That make ingrateful man!\n", "Fool\n", "O nuncle, court holy-water in a dry\n", "house is better than this rain-water out o' door.\n", "Good nuncle, in, and ask thy daughters' blessing:\n", "here's a night pities neither wise man nor fool.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Rumble thy bellyful! Spit, fire! spout, rain!\n", "Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters:\n", "I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness;\n", "I never gave you kingdom, call'd you children,\n", "You owe me no subscription: then let fall\n", "Your horrible pleasure: here I stand, your slave,\n", "A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man:\n", "But yet I call you servile ministers,\n", "That have with two pernicious daughters join'd\n", "Your high engender'd battles 'gainst a head\n", "So old and white as this. O! O! 'tis foul!\n", "Fool\n", "He that has a house to put's head in has a good\n", "head-piece.\n", "The cod-piece that will house\n", "Before the head has any,\n", "The head and he shall louse;\n", "So beggars marry many.\n", "The man that makes his toe\n", "What he his heart should make\n", "Shall of a corn cry woe,\n", "And turn his sleep to wake.\n", "For there was never yet fair woman but she made\n", "mouths in a glass.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, I will be the pattern of all patience;\n", "I will say nothing.\n", "Enter KENT\n", "\n", "KENT\n", "Who's there?\n", "Fool\n", "Marry, here's grace and a cod-piece; that's a wise\n", "man and a fool.\n", "KENT\n", "Alas, sir, are you here? things that love night\n", "Love not such nights as these; the wrathful skies\n", "Gallow the very wanderers of the dark,\n", "And make them keep their caves: since I was man,\n", "Such sheets of fire, such bursts of horrid thunder,\n", "Such groans of roaring wind and rain, I never\n", "Remember to have heard: man's nature cannot carry\n", "The affliction nor the fear.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let the great gods,\n", "That keep this dreadful pother o'er our heads,\n", "Find out their enemies now. Tremble, thou wretch,\n", "That hast within thee undivulged crimes,\n", "Unwhipp'd of justice: hide thee, thou bloody hand;\n", "Thou perjured, and thou simular man of virtue\n", "That art incestuous: caitiff, to pieces shake,\n", "That under covert and convenient seeming\n", "Hast practised on man's life: close pent-up guilts,\n", "Rive your concealing continents, and cry\n", "These dreadful summoners grace. I am a man\n", "More sinn'd against than sinning.\n", "KENT\n", "Alack, bare-headed!\n", "Gracious my lord, hard by here is a hovel;\n", "Some friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest:\n", "Repose you there; while I to this hard house--\n", "More harder than the stones whereof 'tis raised;\n", "Which even but now, demanding after you,\n", "Denied me to come in--return, and force\n", "Their scanted courtesy.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "My wits begin to turn.\n", "Come on, my boy: how dost, my boy? art cold?\n", "I am cold myself. Where is this straw, my fellow?\n", "The art of our necessities is strange,\n", "That can make vile things precious. Come,\n", "your hovel.\n", "Poor fool and knave, I have one part in my heart\n", "That's sorry yet for thee.\n", "Fool\n", "[Singing]\n", "He that has and a little tiny wit--\n", "With hey, ho, the wind and the rain,--\n", "Must make content with his fortunes fit,\n", "For the rain it raineth every day.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "True, my good boy. Come, bring us to this hovel.\n", "Exeunt KING LEAR and KENT\n", "\n", "Fool\n", "This is a brave night to cool a courtezan.\n", "I'll speak a prophecy ere I go:\n", "When priests are more in word than matter;\n", "When brewers mar their malt with water;\n", "When nobles are their tailors' tutors;\n", "No heretics burn'd, but wenches' suitors;\n", "When every case in law is right;\n", "No squire in debt, nor no poor knight;\n", "When slanders do not live in tongues;\n", "Nor cutpurses come not to throngs;\n", "When usurers tell their gold i' the field;\n", "And bawds and whores do churches build;\n", "Then shall the realm of Albion\n", "Come to great confusion:\n", "Then comes the time, who lives to see't,\n", "That going shall be used with feet.\n", "This prophecy Merlin shall make; for I live before his time.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE III. Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER and EDMUND\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Alack, alack, Edmund, I like not this unnatural\n", "dealing. When I desire their leave that I might\n", "pity him, they took from me the use of mine own\n", "house; charged me, on pain of their perpetual\n", "displeasure, neither to speak of him, entreat for\n", "him, nor any way sustain him.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Most savage and unnatural!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Go to; say you nothing. There's a division betwixt\n", "the dukes; and a worse matter than that: I have\n", "received a letter this night; 'tis dangerous to be\n", "spoken; I have locked the letter in my closet:\n", "these injuries the king now bears will be revenged\n", "home; there's part of a power already footed: we\n", "must incline to the king. I will seek him, and\n", "privily relieve him: go you and maintain talk with\n", "the duke, that my charity be not of him perceived:\n", "if he ask for me. I am ill, and gone to bed.\n", "Though I die for it, as no less is threatened me,\n", "the king my old master must be relieved. There is\n", "some strange thing toward, Edmund; pray you, be careful.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "This courtesy, forbid thee, shall the duke\n", "Instantly know; and of that letter too:\n", "This seems a fair deserving, and must draw me\n", "That which my father loses; no less than all:\n", "The younger rises when the old doth fall.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE IV. The heath. Before a hovel.\n", "Enter KING LEAR, KENT, and Fool\n", "KENT\n", "Here is the place, my lord; good my lord, enter:\n", "The tyranny of the open night's too rough\n", "For nature to endure.\n", "Storm still\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let me alone.\n", "KENT\n", "Good my lord, enter here.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Wilt break my heart?\n", "KENT\n", "I had rather break mine own. Good my lord, enter.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Thou think'st 'tis much that this contentious storm\n", "Invades us to the skin: so 'tis to thee;\n", "But where the greater malady is fix'd,\n", "The lesser is scarce felt. Thou'ldst shun a bear;\n", "But if thy flight lay toward the raging sea,\n", "Thou'ldst meet the bear i' the mouth. When the\n", "mind's free,\n", "The body's delicate: the tempest in my mind\n", "Doth from my senses take all feeling else\n", "Save what beats there. Filial ingratitude!\n", "Is it not as this mouth should tear this hand\n", "For lifting food to't? But I will punish home:\n", "No, I will weep no more. In such a night\n", "To shut me out! Pour on; I will endure.\n", "In such a night as this! O Regan, Goneril!\n", "Your old kind father, whose frank heart gave all,--\n", "O, that way madness lies; let me shun that;\n", "No more of that.\n", "KENT\n", "Good my lord, enter here.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Prithee, go in thyself: seek thine own ease:\n", "This tempest will not give me leave to ponder\n", "On things would hurt me more. But I'll go in.\n", "To the Fool\n", "\n", "In, boy; go first. You houseless poverty,--\n", "Nay, get thee in. I'll pray, and then I'll sleep.\n", "Fool goes in\n", "\n", "Poor naked wretches, whereso'er you are,\n", "That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm,\n", "How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides,\n", "Your loop'd and window'd raggedness, defend you\n", "From seasons such as these? O, I have ta'en\n", "Too little care of this! Take physic, pomp;\n", "Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel,\n", "That thou mayst shake the superflux to them,\n", "And show the heavens more just.\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Within] Fathom and half, fathom and half! Poor Tom!\n", "The Fool runs out from the hovel\n", "\n", "Fool\n", "Come not in here, nuncle, here's a spirit\n", "Help me, help me!\n", "KENT\n", "Give me thy hand. Who's there?\n", "Fool\n", "A spirit, a spirit: he says his name's poor Tom.\n", "KENT\n", "What art thou that dost grumble there i' the straw?\n", "Come forth.\n", "Enter EDGAR disguised as a mad man\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "Away! the foul fiend follows me!\n", "Through the sharp hawthorn blows the cold wind.\n", "Hum! go to thy cold bed, and warm thee.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Hast thou given all to thy two daughters?\n", "And art thou come to this?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Who gives any thing to poor Tom? whom the foul\n", "fiend hath led through fire and through flame, and\n", "through ford and whirlipool e'er bog and quagmire;\n", "that hath laid knives under his pillow, and halters\n", "in his pew; set ratsbane by his porridge; made film\n", "proud of heart, to ride on a bay trotting-horse over\n", "four-inched bridges, to course his own shadow for a\n", "traitor. Bless thy five wits! Tom's a-cold,--O, do\n", "de, do de, do de. Bless thee from whirlwinds,\n", "star-blasting, and taking! Do poor Tom some\n", "charity, whom the foul fiend vexes: there could I\n", "have him now,--and there,--and there again, and there.\n", "Storm still\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What, have his daughters brought him to this pass?\n", "Couldst thou save nothing? Didst thou give them all?\n", "Fool\n", "Nay, he reserved a blanket, else we had been all shamed.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Now, all the plagues that in the pendulous air\n", "Hang fated o'er men's faults light on thy daughters!\n", "KENT\n", "He hath no daughters, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Death, traitor! nothing could have subdued nature\n", "To such a lowness but his unkind daughters.\n", "Is it the fashion, that discarded fathers\n", "Should have thus little mercy on their flesh?\n", "Judicious punishment! 'twas this flesh begot\n", "Those pelican daughters.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Pillicock sat on Pillicock-hill:\n", "Halloo, halloo, loo, loo!\n", "Fool\n", "This cold night will turn us all to fools and madmen.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Take heed o' the foul fiend: obey thy parents;\n", "keep thy word justly; swear not; commit not with\n", "man's sworn spouse; set not thy sweet heart on proud\n", "array. Tom's a-cold.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What hast thou been?\n", "EDGAR\n", "A serving-man, proud in heart and mind; that curled\n", "my hair; wore gloves in my cap; served the lust of\n", "my mistress' heart, and did the act of darkness with\n", "her; swore as many oaths as I spake words, and\n", "broke them in the sweet face of heaven: one that\n", "slept in the contriving of lust, and waked to do it:\n", "wine loved I deeply, dice dearly: and in woman\n", "out-paramoured the Turk: false of heart, light of\n", "ear, bloody of hand; hog in sloth, fox in stealth,\n", "wolf in greediness, dog in madness, lion in prey.\n", "Let not the creaking of shoes nor the rustling of\n", "silks betray thy poor heart to woman: keep thy foot\n", "out of brothels, thy hand out of plackets, thy pen\n", "from lenders' books, and defy the foul fiend.\n", "Still through the hawthorn blows the cold wind:\n", "Says suum, mun, ha, no, nonny.\n", "Dolphin my boy, my boy, sessa! let him trot by.\n", "Storm still\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Why, thou wert better in thy grave than to answer\n", "with thy uncovered body this extremity of the skies.\n", "Is man no more than this? Consider him well. Thou\n", "owest the worm no silk, the beast no hide, the sheep\n", "no wool, the cat no perfume. Ha! here's three on\n", "'s are sophisticated! Thou art the thing itself:\n", "unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor bare,\n", "forked animal as thou art. Off, off, you lendings!\n", "come unbutton here.\n", "Tearing off his clothes\n", "\n", "Fool\n", "Prithee, nuncle, be contented; 'tis a naughty night\n", "to swim in. Now a little fire in a wild field were\n", "like an old lecher's heart; a small spark, all the\n", "rest on's body cold. Look, here comes a walking fire.\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, with a torch\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "This is the foul fiend Flibbertigibbet: he begins\n", "at curfew, and walks till the first cock; he gives\n", "the web and the pin, squints the eye, and makes the\n", "hare-lip; mildews the white wheat, and hurts the\n", "poor creature of earth.\n", "S. Withold footed thrice the old;\n", "He met the night-mare, and her nine-fold;\n", "Bid her alight,\n", "And her troth plight,\n", "And, aroint thee, witch, aroint thee!\n", "KENT\n", "How fares your grace?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What's he?\n", "KENT\n", "Who's there? What is't you seek?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What are you there? Your names?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Poor Tom; that eats the swimming frog, the toad,\n", "the tadpole, the wall-newt and the water; that in\n", "the fury of his heart, when the foul fiend rages,\n", "eats cow-dung for sallets; swallows the old rat and\n", "the ditch-dog; drinks the green mantle of the\n", "standing pool; who is whipped from tithing to\n", "tithing, and stock- punished, and imprisoned; who\n", "hath had three suits to his back, six shirts to his\n", "body, horse to ride, and weapon to wear;\n", "But mice and rats, and such small deer,\n", "Have been Tom's food for seven long year.\n", "Beware my follower. Peace, Smulkin; peace, thou fiend!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What, hath your grace no better company?\n", "EDGAR\n", "The prince of darkness is a gentleman:\n", "Modo he's call'd, and Mahu.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Our flesh and blood is grown so vile, my lord,\n", "That it doth hate what gets it.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Poor Tom's a-cold.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Go in with me: my duty cannot suffer\n", "To obey in all your daughters' hard commands:\n", "Though their injunction be to bar my doors,\n", "And let this tyrannous night take hold upon you,\n", "Yet have I ventured to come seek you out,\n", "And bring you where both fire and food is ready.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "First let me talk with this philosopher.\n", "What is the cause of thunder?\n", "KENT\n", "Good my lord, take his offer; go into the house.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban.\n", "What is your study?\n", "EDGAR\n", "How to prevent the fiend, and to kill vermin.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let me ask you one word in private.\n", "KENT\n", "Importune him once more to go, my lord;\n", "His wits begin to unsettle.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Canst thou blame him?\n", "Storm still\n", "\n", "His daughters seek his death: ah, that good Kent!\n", "He said it would be thus, poor banish'd man!\n", "Thou say'st the king grows mad; I'll tell thee, friend,\n", "I am almost mad myself: I had a son,\n", "Now outlaw'd from my blood; he sought my life,\n", "But lately, very late: I loved him, friend;\n", "No father his son dearer: truth to tell thee,\n", "The grief hath crazed my wits. What a night's this!\n", "I do beseech your grace,--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, cry your mercy, sir.\n", "Noble philosopher, your company.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Tom's a-cold.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "In, fellow, there, into the hovel: keep thee warm.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Come let's in all.\n", "KENT\n", "This way, my lord.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "With him;\n", "I will keep still with my philosopher.\n", "KENT\n", "Good my lord, soothe him; let him take the fellow.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Take him you on.\n", "KENT\n", "Sirrah, come on; go along with us.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Come, good Athenian.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "No words, no words: hush.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Child Rowland to the dark tower came,\n", "His word was still,--Fie, foh, and fum,\n", "I smell the blood of a British man.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE V. Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter CORNWALL and EDMUND\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I will have my revenge ere I depart his house.\n", "EDMUND\n", "How, my lord, I may be censured, that nature thus\n", "gives way to loyalty, something fears me to think\n", "of.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I now perceive, it was not altogether your\n", "brother's evil disposition made him seek his death;\n", "but a provoking merit, set a-work by a reprovable\n", "badness in himself.\n", "EDMUND\n", "How malicious is my fortune, that I must repent to\n", "be just! This is the letter he spoke of, which\n", "approves him an intelligent party to the advantages\n", "of France: O heavens! that this treason were not,\n", "or not I the detector!\n", "CORNWALL\n", "o with me to the duchess.\n", "EDMUND\n", "If the matter of this paper be certain, you have\n", "mighty business in hand.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "True or false, it hath made thee earl of\n", "Gloucester. Seek out where thy father is, that he\n", "may be ready for our apprehension.\n", "EDMUND\n", "[Aside] If I find him comforting the king, it will\n", "stuff his suspicion more fully.--I will persevere in\n", "my course of loyalty, though the conflict be sore\n", "between that and my blood.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I will lay trust upon thee; and thou shalt find a\n", "dearer father in my love.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE VI. A chamber in a farmhouse adjoining the castle.\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, KING LEAR, KENT, Fool, and EDGAR\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Here is better than the open air; take it\n", "thankfully. I will piece out the comfort with what\n", "addition I can: I will not be long from you.\n", "KENT\n", "All the power of his wits have given way to his\n", "impatience: the gods reward your kindness!\n", "Exit GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "Frateretto calls me; and tells me\n", "Nero is an angler in the lake of darkness.\n", "Pray, innocent, and beware the foul fiend.\n", "Fool\n", "Prithee, nuncle, tell me whether a madman be a\n", "gentleman or a yeoman?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "A king, a king!\n", "Fool\n", "No, he's a yeoman that has a gentleman to his son;\n", "for he's a mad yeoman that sees his son a gentleman\n", "before him.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "To have a thousand with red burning spits\n", "Come hissing in upon 'em,--\n", "EDGAR\n", "The foul fiend bites my back.\n", "Fool\n", "He's mad that trusts in the tameness of a wolf, a\n", "horse's health, a boy's love, or a whore's oath.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "It shall be done; I will arraign them straight.\n", "To EDGAR\n", "\n", "Come, sit thou here, most learned justicer;\n", "To the Fool\n", "\n", "Thou, sapient sir, sit here. Now, you she foxes!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Look, where he stands and glares!\n", "Wantest thou eyes at trial, madam?\n", "Come o'er the bourn, Bessy, to me,--\n", "Fool\n", "Her boat hath a leak,\n", "And she must not speak\n", "Why she dares not come over to thee.\n", "EDGAR\n", "The foul fiend haunts poor Tom in the voice of a\n", "nightingale. Hopdance cries in Tom's belly for two\n", "white herring. Croak not, black angel; I have no\n", "food for thee.\n", "KENT\n", "How do you, sir? Stand you not so amazed:\n", "Will you lie down and rest upon the cushions?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I'll see their trial first. Bring in the evidence.\n", "To EDGAR\n", "\n", "Thou robed man of justice, take thy place;\n", "To the Fool\n", "\n", "And thou, his yoke-fellow of equity,\n", "Bench by his side:\n", "To KENT\n", "\n", "you are o' the commission,\n", "Sit you too.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Let us deal justly.\n", "Sleepest or wakest thou, jolly shepherd?\n", "Thy sheep be in the corn;\n", "And for one blast of thy minikin mouth,\n", "Thy sheep shall take no harm.\n", "Pur! the cat is gray.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Arraign her first; 'tis Goneril. I here take my\n", "oath before this honourable assembly, she kicked the\n", "poor king her father.\n", "Fool\n", "Come hither, mistress. Is your name Goneril?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "She cannot deny it.\n", "Fool\n", "Cry you mercy, I took you for a joint-stool.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "And here's another, whose warp'd looks proclaim\n", "What store her heart is made on. Stop her there!\n", "Arms, arms, sword, fire! Corruption in the place!\n", "False justicer, why hast thou let her 'scape?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Bless thy five wits!\n", "KENT\n", "O pity! Sir, where is the patience now,\n", "That thou so oft have boasted to retain?\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Aside] My tears begin to take his part so much,\n", "They'll mar my counterfeiting.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "The little dogs and all, Tray, Blanch, and\n", "Sweet-heart, see, they bark at me.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Tom will throw his head at them. Avaunt, you curs!\n", "Be thy mouth or black or white,\n", "Tooth that poisons if it bite;\n", "Mastiff, grey-hound, mongrel grim,\n", "Hound or spaniel, brach or lym,\n", "Or bobtail tike or trundle-tail,\n", "Tom will make them weep and wail:\n", "For, with throwing thus my head,\n", "Dogs leap the hatch, and all are fled.\n", "Do de, de, de. Sessa! Come, march to wakes and\n", "fairs and market-towns. Poor Tom, thy horn is dry.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Then let them anatomize Regan; see what breeds\n", "about her heart. Is there any cause in nature that\n", "makes these hard hearts?\n", "To EDGAR\n", "\n", "You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred; only I\n", "do not like the fashion of your garments: you will\n", "say they are Persian attire: but let them be changed.\n", "KENT\n", "Now, good my lord, lie here and rest awhile.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Make no noise, make no noise; draw the curtains:\n", "so, so, so. We'll go to supper i' he morning. So, so, so.\n", "Fool\n", "And I'll go to bed at noon.\n", "Re-enter GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Come hither, friend: where is the king my master?\n", "KENT\n", "Here, sir; but trouble him not, his wits are gone.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Good friend, I prithee, take him in thy arms;\n", "I have o'erheard a plot of death upon him:\n", "There is a litter ready; lay him in 't,\n", "And drive towards Dover, friend, where thou shalt meet\n", "Both welcome and protection. Take up thy master:\n", "If thou shouldst dally half an hour, his life,\n", "With thine, and all that offer to defend him,\n", "Stand in assured loss: take up, take up;\n", "And follow me, that will to some provision\n", "Give thee quick conduct.\n", "KENT\n", "Oppressed nature sleeps:\n", "This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses,\n", "Which, if convenience will not allow,\n", "Stand in hard cure.\n", "To the Fool\n", "\n", "Come, help to bear thy master;\n", "Thou must not stay behind.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Come, come, away.\n", "Exeunt all but EDGAR\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "When we our betters see bearing our woes,\n", "We scarcely think our miseries our foes.\n", "Who alone suffers suffers most i' the mind,\n", "Leaving free things and happy shows behind:\n", "But then the mind much sufferance doth o'er skip,\n", "When grief hath mates, and bearing fellowship.\n", "How light and portable my pain seems now,\n", "When that which makes me bend makes the king bow,\n", "He childed as I father'd! Tom, away!\n", "Mark the high noises; and thyself bewray,\n", "When false opinion, whose wrong thought defiles thee,\n", "In thy just proof, repeals and reconciles thee.\n", "What will hap more to-night, safe 'scape the king!\n", "Lurk, lurk.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE VII. Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter CORNWALL, REGAN, GONERIL, EDMUND, and Servants\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Post speedily to my lord your husband; show him\n", "this letter: the army of France is landed. Seek\n", "out the villain Gloucester.\n", "Exeunt some of the Servants\n", "\n", "REGAN\n", "Hang him instantly.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Pluck out his eyes.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Leave him to my displeasure. Edmund, keep you our\n", "sister company: the revenges we are bound to take\n", "upon your traitorous father are not fit for your\n", "beholding. Advise the duke, where you are going, to\n", "a most festinate preparation: we are bound to the\n", "like. Our posts shall be swift and intelligent\n", "betwixt us. Farewell, dear sister: farewell, my\n", "lord of Gloucester.\n", "Enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "How now! where's the king?\n", "OSWALD\n", "My lord of Gloucester hath convey'd him hence:\n", "Some five or six and thirty of his knights,\n", "Hot questrists after him, met him at gate;\n", "Who, with some other of the lords dependants,\n", "Are gone with him towards Dover; where they boast\n", "To have well-armed friends.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Get horses for your mistress.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Farewell, sweet lord, and sister.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Edmund, farewell.\n", "Exeunt GONERIL, EDMUND, and OSWALD\n", "\n", "Go seek the traitor Gloucester,\n", "Pinion him like a thief, bring him before us.\n", "Exeunt other Servants\n", "\n", "Though well we may not pass upon his life\n", "Without the form of justice, yet our power\n", "Shall do a courtesy to our wrath, which men\n", "May blame, but not control. Who's there? the traitor?\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, brought in by two or three\n", "\n", "REGAN\n", "Ingrateful fox! 'tis he.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Bind fast his corky arms.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What mean your graces? Good my friends, consider\n", "You are my guests: do me no foul play, friends.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Bind him, I say.\n", "Servants bind him\n", "\n", "REGAN\n", "Hard, hard. O filthy traitor!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Unmerciful lady as you are, I'm none.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "To this chair bind him. Villain, thou shalt find--\n", "REGAN plucks his beard\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "By the kind gods, 'tis most ignobly done\n", "To pluck me by the beard.\n", "REGAN\n", "So white, and such a traitor!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Naughty lady,\n", "These hairs, which thou dost ravish from my chin,\n", "Will quicken, and accuse thee: I am your host:\n", "With robbers' hands my hospitable favours\n", "You should not ruffle thus. What will you do?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Come, sir, what letters had you late from France?\n", "REGAN\n", "Be simple answerer, for we know the truth.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "And what confederacy have you with the traitors\n", "Late footed in the kingdom?\n", "REGAN\n", "To whose hands have you sent the lunatic king? Speak.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I have a letter guessingly set down,\n", "Which came from one that's of a neutral heart,\n", "And not from one opposed.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Cunning.\n", "REGAN\n", "And false.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Where hast thou sent the king?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "To Dover.\n", "REGAN\n", "Wherefore to Dover? Wast thou not charged at peril--\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Wherefore to Dover? Let him first answer that.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I am tied to the stake, and I must stand the course.\n", "REGAN\n", "Wherefore to Dover, sir?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Because I would not see thy cruel nails\n", "Pluck out his poor old eyes; nor thy fierce sister\n", "In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs.\n", "The sea, with such a storm as his bare head\n", "In hell-black night endured, would have buoy'd up,\n", "And quench'd the stelled fires:\n", "Yet, poor old heart, he holp the heavens to rain.\n", "If wolves had at thy gate howl'd that stern time,\n", "Thou shouldst have said 'Good porter, turn the key,'\n", "All cruels else subscribed: but I shall see\n", "The winged vengeance overtake such children.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "See't shalt thou never. Fellows, hold the chair.\n", "Upon these eyes of thine I'll set my foot.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He that will think to live till he be old,\n", "Give me some help! O cruel! O you gods!\n", "REGAN\n", "One side will mock another; the other too.\n", "CORNWALL\n", "If you see vengeance,--\n", "First Servant\n", "Hold your hand, my lord:\n", "I have served you ever since I was a child;\n", "But better service have I never done you\n", "Than now to bid you hold.\n", "REGAN\n", "How now, you dog!\n", "First Servant\n", "If you did wear a beard upon your chin,\n", "I'd shake it on this quarrel. What do you mean?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "My villain!\n", "They draw and fight\n", "\n", "First Servant\n", "Nay, then, come on, and take the chance of anger.\n", "REGAN\n", "Give me thy sword. A peasant stand up thus!\n", "Takes a sword, and runs at him behind\n", "\n", "First Servant\n", "O, I am slain! My lord, you have one eye left\n", "To see some mischief on him. O!\n", "Dies\n", "\n", "CORNWALL\n", "Lest it see more, prevent it. Out, vile jelly!\n", "Where is thy lustre now?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "All dark and comfortless. Where's my son Edmund?\n", "Edmund, enkindle all the sparks of nature,\n", "To quit this horrid act.\n", "REGAN\n", "Out, treacherous villain!\n", "Thou call'st on him that hates thee: it was he\n", "That made the overture of thy treasons to us;\n", "Who is too good to pity thee.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O my follies! then Edgar was abused.\n", "Kind gods, forgive me that, and prosper him!\n", "REGAN\n", "Go thrust him out at gates, and let him smell\n", "His way to Dover.\n", "Exit one with GLOUCESTER\n", "\n", "How is't, my lord? how look you?\n", "CORNWALL\n", "I have received a hurt: follow me, lady.\n", "Turn out that eyeless villain; throw this slave\n", "Upon the dunghill. Regan, I bleed apace:\n", "Untimely comes this hurt: give me your arm.\n", "Exit CORNWALL, led by REGAN\n", "\n", "Second Servant\n", "I'll never care what wickedness I do,\n", "If this man come to good.\n", "Third Servant\n", "If she live long,\n", "And in the end meet the old course of death,\n", "Women will all turn monsters.\n", "Second Servant\n", "Let's follow the old earl, and get the Bedlam\n", "To lead him where he would: his roguish madness\n", "Allows itself to any thing.\n", "Third Servant\n", "Go thou: I'll fetch some flax and whites of eggs\n", "To apply to his bleeding face. Now, heaven help him!\n", "Exeunt severally\n", "\n", "ACT IV\n", "SCENE I. The heath.\n", "Enter EDGAR\n", "EDGAR\n", "Yet better thus, and known to be contemn'd,\n", "Than still contemn'd and flatter'd. To be worst,\n", "The lowest and most dejected thing of fortune,\n", "Stands still in esperance, lives not in fear:\n", "The lamentable change is from the best;\n", "The worst returns to laughter. Welcome, then,\n", "Thou unsubstantial air that I embrace!\n", "The wretch that thou hast blown unto the worst\n", "Owes nothing to thy blasts. But who comes here?\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, led by an Old Man\n", "\n", "My father, poorly led? World, world, O world!\n", "But that thy strange mutations make us hate thee,\n", "Lie would not yield to age.\n", "Old Man\n", "O, my good lord, I have been your tenant, and\n", "your father's tenant, these fourscore years.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Away, get thee away; good friend, be gone:\n", "Thy comforts can do me no good at all;\n", "Thee they may hurt.\n", "Old Man\n", "Alack, sir, you cannot see your way.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;\n", "I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen,\n", "Our means secure us, and our mere defects\n", "Prove our commodities. O dear son Edgar,\n", "The food of thy abused father's wrath!\n", "Might I but live to see thee in my touch,\n", "I'ld say I had eyes again!\n", "Old Man\n", "How now! Who's there?\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Aside] O gods! Who is't can say 'I am at\n", "the worst'?\n", "I am worse than e'er I was.\n", "Old Man\n", "'Tis poor mad Tom.\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Aside] And worse I may be yet: the worst is not\n", "So long as we can say 'This is the worst.'\n", "Old Man\n", "Fellow, where goest?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Is it a beggar-man?\n", "Old Man\n", "Madman and beggar too.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "He has some reason, else he could not beg.\n", "I' the last night's storm I such a fellow saw;\n", "Which made me think a man a worm: my son\n", "Came then into my mind; and yet my mind\n", "Was then scarce friends with him: I have heard\n", "more since.\n", "As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods.\n", "They kill us for their sport.\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Aside] How should this be?\n", "Bad is the trade that must play fool to sorrow,\n", "Angering itself and others.--Bless thee, master!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Is that the naked fellow?\n", "Old Man\n", "Ay, my lord.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Then, prithee, get thee gone: if, for my sake,\n", "Thou wilt o'ertake us, hence a mile or twain,\n", "I' the way toward Dover, do it for ancient love;\n", "And bring some covering for this naked soul,\n", "Who I'll entreat to lead me.\n", "Old Man\n", "Alack, sir, he is mad.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "'Tis the times' plague, when madmen lead the blind.\n", "Do as I bid thee, or rather do thy pleasure;\n", "Above the rest, be gone.\n", "Old Man\n", "I'll bring him the best 'parel that I have,\n", "Come on't what will.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Sirrah, naked fellow,--\n", "EDGAR\n", "Poor Tom's a-cold.\n", "Aside\n", "\n", "I cannot daub it further.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Come hither, fellow.\n", "EDGAR\n", "[Aside] And yet I must.--Bless thy sweet eyes, they bleed.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Know'st thou the way to Dover?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Both stile and gate, horse-way and foot-path. Poor\n", "Tom hath been scared out of his good wits: bless\n", "thee, good man's son, from the foul fiend! five\n", "fiends have been in poor Tom at once; of lust, as\n", "Obidicut; Hobbididence, prince of dumbness; Mahu, of\n", "stealing; Modo, of murder; Flibbertigibbet, of\n", "mopping and mowing, who since possesses chambermaids\n", "and waiting-women. So, bless thee, master!\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Here, take this purse, thou whom the heavens' plagues\n", "Have humbled to all strokes: that I am wretched\n", "Makes thee the happier: heavens, deal so still!\n", "Let the superfluous and lust-dieted man,\n", "That slaves your ordinance, that will not see\n", "Because he doth not feel, feel your power quickly;\n", "So distribution should undo excess,\n", "And each man have enough. Dost thou know Dover?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Ay, master.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "There is a cliff, whose high and bending head\n", "Looks fearfully in the confined deep:\n", "Bring me but to the very brim of it,\n", "And I'll repair the misery thou dost bear\n", "With something rich about me: from that place\n", "I shall no leading need.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Give me thy arm:\n", "Poor Tom shall lead thee.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE II. Before ALBANY's palace.\n", "Enter GONERIL and EDMUND\n", "GONERIL\n", "Welcome, my lord: I marvel our mild husband\n", "Not met us on the way.\n", "Enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "Now, where's your master'?\n", "OSWALD\n", "Madam, within; but never man so changed.\n", "I told him of the army that was landed;\n", "He smiled at it: I told him you were coming:\n", "His answer was 'The worse:' of Gloucester's treachery,\n", "And of the loyal service of his son,\n", "When I inform'd him, then he call'd me sot,\n", "And told me I had turn'd the wrong side out:\n", "What most he should dislike seems pleasant to him;\n", "What like, offensive.\n", "GONERIL\n", "[To EDMUND] Then shall you go no further.\n", "It is the cowish terror of his spirit,\n", "That dares not undertake: he'll not feel wrongs\n", "Which tie him to an answer. Our wishes on the way\n", "May prove effects. Back, Edmund, to my brother;\n", "Hasten his musters and conduct his powers:\n", "I must change arms at home, and give the distaff\n", "Into my husband's hands. This trusty servant\n", "Shall pass between us: ere long you are like to hear,\n", "If you dare venture in your own behalf,\n", "A mistress's command. Wear this; spare speech;\n", "Giving a favour\n", "\n", "Decline your head: this kiss, if it durst speak,\n", "Would stretch thy spirits up into the air:\n", "Conceive, and fare thee well.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Yours in the ranks of death.\n", "GONERIL\n", "My most dear Gloucester!\n", "Exit EDMUND\n", "\n", "O, the difference of man and man!\n", "To thee a woman's services are due:\n", "My fool usurps my body.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Madam, here comes my lord.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "Enter ALBANY\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "I have been worth the whistle.\n", "ALBANY\n", "O Goneril!\n", "You are not worth the dust which the rude wind\n", "Blows in your face. I fear your disposition:\n", "That nature, which contemns its origin,\n", "Cannot be border'd certain in itself;\n", "She that herself will sliver and disbranch\n", "From her material sap, perforce must wither\n", "And come to deadly use.\n", "GONERIL\n", "No more; the text is foolish.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Wisdom and goodness to the vile seem vile:\n", "Filths savour but themselves. What have you done?\n", "Tigers, not daughters, what have you perform'd?\n", "A father, and a gracious aged man,\n", "Whose reverence even the head-lugg'd bear would lick,\n", "Most barbarous, most degenerate! have you madded.\n", "Could my good brother suffer you to do it?\n", "A man, a prince, by him so benefited!\n", "If that the heavens do not their visible spirits\n", "Send quickly down to tame these vile offences,\n", "It will come,\n", "Humanity must perforce prey on itself,\n", "Like monsters of the deep.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Milk-liver'd man!\n", "That bear'st a cheek for blows, a head for wrongs;\n", "Who hast not in thy brows an eye discerning\n", "Thine honour from thy suffering; that not know'st\n", "Fools do those villains pity who are punish'd\n", "Ere they have done their mischief. Where's thy drum?\n", "France spreads his banners in our noiseless land;\n", "With plumed helm thy slayer begins threats;\n", "Whiles thou, a moral fool, sit'st still, and criest\n", "'Alack, why does he so?'\n", "ALBANY\n", "See thyself, devil!\n", "Proper deformity seems not in the fiend\n", "So horrid as in woman.\n", "GONERIL\n", "O vain fool!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Thou changed and self-cover'd thing, for shame,\n", "Be-monster not thy feature. Were't my fitness\n", "To let these hands obey my blood,\n", "They are apt enough to dislocate and tear\n", "Thy flesh and bones: howe'er thou art a fiend,\n", "A woman's shape doth shield thee.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Marry, your manhood now--\n", "Enter a Messenger\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "What news?\n", "Messenger\n", "O, my good lord, the Duke of Cornwall's dead:\n", "Slain by his servant, going to put out\n", "The other eye of Gloucester.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Gloucester's eye!\n", "Messenger\n", "A servant that he bred, thrill'd with remorse,\n", "Opposed against the act, bending his sword\n", "To his great master; who, thereat enraged,\n", "Flew on him, and amongst them fell'd him dead;\n", "But not without that harmful stroke, which since\n", "Hath pluck'd him after.\n", "ALBANY\n", "This shows you are above,\n", "You justicers, that these our nether crimes\n", "So speedily can venge! But, O poor Gloucester!\n", "Lost he his other eye?\n", "Messenger\n", "Both, both, my lord.\n", "This letter, madam, craves a speedy answer;\n", "'Tis from your sister.\n", "GONERIL\n", "[Aside] One way I like this well;\n", "But being widow, and my Gloucester with her,\n", "May all the building in my fancy pluck\n", "Upon my hateful life: another way,\n", "The news is not so tart.--I'll read, and answer.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Where was his son when they did take his eyes?\n", "Messenger\n", "Come with my lady hither.\n", "ALBANY\n", "He is not here.\n", "Messenger\n", "No, my good lord; I met him back again.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Knows he the wickedness?\n", "Messenger\n", "Ay, my good lord; 'twas he inform'd against him;\n", "And quit the house on purpose, that their punishment\n", "Might have the freer course.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Gloucester, I live\n", "To thank thee for the love thou show'dst the king,\n", "And to revenge thine eyes. Come hither, friend:\n", "Tell me what more thou know'st.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE III. The French camp near Dover.\n", "Enter KENT and a Gentleman\n", "KENT\n", "Why the King of France is so suddenly gone back\n", "know you the reason?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Something he left imperfect in the\n", "state, which since his coming forth is thought\n", "of; which imports to the kingdom so much\n", "fear and danger, that his personal return was\n", "most required and necessary.\n", "KENT\n", "Who hath he left behind him general?\n", "Gentleman\n", "The Marshal of France, Monsieur La Far.\n", "KENT\n", "Did your letters pierce the queen to any\n", "demonstration of grief?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Ay, sir; she took them, read them in my presence;\n", "And now and then an ample tear trill'd down\n", "Her delicate cheek: it seem'd she was a queen\n", "Over her passion; who, most rebel-like,\n", "Sought to be king o'er her.\n", "KENT\n", "O, then it moved her.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Not to a rage: patience and sorrow strove\n", "Who should express her goodliest. You have seen\n", "Sunshine and rain at once: her smiles and tears\n", "Were like a better way: those happy smilets,\n", "That play'd on her ripe lip, seem'd not to know\n", "What guests were in her eyes; which parted thence,\n", "As pearls from diamonds dropp'd. In brief,\n", "Sorrow would be a rarity most beloved,\n", "If all could so become it.\n", "KENT\n", "Made she no verbal question?\n", "Gentleman\n", "'Faith, once or twice she heaved the name of 'father'\n", "Pantingly forth, as if it press'd her heart:\n", "Cried 'Sisters! sisters! Shame of ladies! sisters!\n", "Kent! father! sisters! What, i' the storm? i' the night?\n", "Let pity not be believed!' There she shook\n", "The holy water from her heavenly eyes,\n", "And clamour moisten'd: then away she started\n", "To deal with grief alone.\n", "KENT\n", "It is the stars,\n", "The stars above us, govern our conditions;\n", "Else one self mate and mate could not beget\n", "Such different issues. You spoke not with her since?\n", "Gentleman\n", "No.\n", "KENT\n", "Was this before the king return'd?\n", "Gentleman\n", "No, since.\n", "KENT\n", "Well, sir, the poor distressed Lear's i' the town;\n", "Who sometime, in his better tune, remembers\n", "What we are come about, and by no means\n", "Will yield to see his daughter.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Why, good sir?\n", "KENT\n", "A sovereign shame so elbows him: his own unkindness,\n", "That stripp'd her from his benediction, turn'd her\n", "To foreign casualties, gave her dear rights\n", "To his dog-hearted daughters, these things sting\n", "His mind so venomously, that burning shame\n", "Detains him from Cordelia.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Alack, poor gentleman!\n", "KENT\n", "Of Albany's and Cornwall's powers you heard not?\n", "Gentleman\n", "'Tis so, they are afoot.\n", "KENT\n", "Well, sir, I'll bring you to our master Lear,\n", "And leave you to attend him: some dear cause\n", "Will in concealment wrap me up awhile;\n", "When I am known aright, you shall not grieve\n", "Lending me this acquaintance. I pray you, go\n", "Along with me.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE IV. The same. A tent.\n", "Enter, with drum and colours, CORDELIA, Doctor, and Soldiers\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Alack, 'tis he: why, he was met even now\n", "As mad as the vex'd sea; singing aloud;\n", "Crown'd with rank fumiter and furrow-weeds,\n", "With bur-docks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers,\n", "Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow\n", "In our sustaining corn. A century send forth;\n", "Search every acre in the high-grown field,\n", "And bring him to our eye.\n", "Exit an Officer\n", "\n", "What can man's wisdom\n", "In the restoring his bereaved sense?\n", "He that helps him take all my outward worth.\n", "Doctor\n", "There is means, madam:\n", "Our foster-nurse of nature is repose,\n", "The which he lacks; that to provoke in him,\n", "Are many simples operative, whose power\n", "Will close the eye of anguish.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "All blest secrets,\n", "All you unpublish'd virtues of the earth,\n", "Spring with my tears! be aidant and remediate\n", "In the good man's distress! Seek, seek for him;\n", "Lest his ungovern'd rage dissolve the life\n", "That wants the means to lead it.\n", "Enter a Messenger\n", "\n", "Messenger\n", "News, madam;\n", "The British powers are marching hitherward.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "'Tis known before; our preparation stands\n", "In expectation of them. O dear father,\n", "It is thy business that I go about;\n", "Therefore great France\n", "My mourning and important tears hath pitied.\n", "No blown ambition doth our arms incite,\n", "But love, dear love, and our aged father's right:\n", "Soon may I hear and see him!\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE V. Gloucester's castle.\n", "Enter REGAN and OSWALD\n", "REGAN\n", "But are my brother's powers set forth?\n", "OSWALD\n", "Ay, madam.\n", "REGAN\n", "Himself in person there?\n", "OSWALD\n", "Madam, with much ado:\n", "Your sister is the better soldier.\n", "REGAN\n", "Lord Edmund spake not with your lord at home?\n", "OSWALD\n", "No, madam.\n", "REGAN\n", "What might import my sister's letter to him?\n", "OSWALD\n", "I know not, lady.\n", "REGAN\n", "'Faith, he is posted hence on serious matter.\n", "It was great ignorance, Gloucester's eyes being out,\n", "To let him live: where he arrives he moves\n", "All hearts against us: Edmund, I think, is gone,\n", "In pity of his misery, to dispatch\n", "His nighted life: moreover, to descry\n", "The strength o' the enemy.\n", "OSWALD\n", "I must needs after him, madam, with my letter.\n", "REGAN\n", "Our troops set forth to-morrow: stay with us;\n", "The ways are dangerous.\n", "OSWALD\n", "I may not, madam:\n", "My lady charged my duty in this business.\n", "REGAN\n", "Why should she write to Edmund? Might not you\n", "Transport her purposes by word? Belike,\n", "Something--I know not what: I'll love thee much,\n", "Let me unseal the letter.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Madam, I had rather--\n", "REGAN\n", "I know your lady does not love her husband;\n", "I am sure of that: and at her late being here\n", "She gave strange oeillades and most speaking looks\n", "To noble Edmund. I know you are of her bosom.\n", "OSWALD\n", "I, madam?\n", "REGAN\n", "I speak in understanding; you are; I know't:\n", "Therefore I do advise you, take this note:\n", "My lord is dead; Edmund and I have talk'd;\n", "And more convenient is he for my hand\n", "Than for your lady's: you may gather more.\n", "If you do find him, pray you, give him this;\n", "And when your mistress hears thus much from you,\n", "I pray, desire her call her wisdom to her.\n", "So, fare you well.\n", "If you do chance to hear of that blind traitor,\n", "Preferment falls on him that cuts him off.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Would I could meet him, madam! I should show\n", "What party I do follow.\n", "REGAN\n", "Fare thee well.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE VI. Fields near Dover.\n", "Enter GLOUCESTER, and EDGAR dressed like a peasant\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "When shall we come to the top of that same hill?\n", "EDGAR\n", "You do climb up it now: look, how we labour.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Methinks the ground is even.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Horrible steep.\n", "Hark, do you hear the sea?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "No, truly.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect\n", "By your eyes' anguish.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "So may it be, indeed:\n", "Methinks thy voice is alter'd; and thou speak'st\n", "In better phrase and matter than thou didst.\n", "EDGAR\n", "You're much deceived: in nothing am I changed\n", "But in my garments.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Methinks you're better spoken.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Come on, sir; here's the place: stand still. How fearful\n", "And dizzy 'tis, to cast one's eyes so low!\n", "The crows and choughs that wing the midway air\n", "Show scarce so gross as beetles: half way down\n", "Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade!\n", "Methinks he seems no bigger than his head:\n", "The fishermen, that walk upon the beach,\n", "Appear like mice; and yond tall anchoring bark,\n", "Diminish'd to her cock; her cock, a buoy\n", "Almost too small for sight: the murmuring surge,\n", "That on the unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes,\n", "Cannot be heard so high. I'll look no more;\n", "Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight\n", "Topple down headlong.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Set me where you stand.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Give me your hand: you are now within a foot\n", "Of the extreme verge: for all beneath the moon\n", "Would I not leap upright.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Let go my hand.\n", "Here, friend, 's another purse; in it a jewel\n", "Well worth a poor man's taking: fairies and gods\n", "Prosper it with thee! Go thou farther off;\n", "Bid me farewell, and let me hear thee going.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Now fare you well, good sir.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "With all my heart.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Why I do trifle thus with his despair\n", "Is done to cure it.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "[Kneeling] O you mighty gods!\n", "This world I do renounce, and, in your sights,\n", "Shake patiently my great affliction off:\n", "If I could bear it longer, and not fall\n", "To quarrel with your great opposeless wills,\n", "My snuff and loathed part of nature should\n", "Burn itself out. If Edgar live, O, bless him!\n", "Now, fellow, fare thee well.\n", "He falls forward\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "Gone, sir: farewell.\n", "And yet I know not how conceit may rob\n", "The treasury of life, when life itself\n", "Yields to the theft: had he been where he thought,\n", "By this, had thought been past. Alive or dead?\n", "Ho, you sir! friend! Hear you, sir! speak!\n", "Thus might he pass indeed: yet he revives.\n", "What are you, sir?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Away, and let me die.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Hadst thou been aught but gossamer, feathers, air,\n", "So many fathom down precipitating,\n", "Thou'dst shiver'd like an egg: but thou dost breathe;\n", "Hast heavy substance; bleed'st not; speak'st; art sound.\n", "Ten masts at each make not the altitude\n", "Which thou hast perpendicularly fell:\n", "Thy life's a miracle. Speak yet again.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "But have I fall'n, or no?\n", "EDGAR\n", "From the dread summit of this chalky bourn.\n", "Look up a-height; the shrill-gorged lark so far\n", "Cannot be seen or heard: do but look up.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Alack, I have no eyes.\n", "Is wretchedness deprived that benefit,\n", "To end itself by death? 'Twas yet some comfort,\n", "When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage,\n", "And frustrate his proud will.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Give me your arm:\n", "Up: so. How is 't? Feel you your legs? You stand.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Too well, too well.\n", "EDGAR\n", "This is above all strangeness.\n", "Upon the crown o' the cliff, what thing was that\n", "Which parted from you?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "A poor unfortunate beggar.\n", "EDGAR\n", "As I stood here below, methought his eyes\n", "Were two full moons; he had a thousand noses,\n", "Horns whelk'd and waved like the enridged sea:\n", "It was some fiend; therefore, thou happy father,\n", "Think that the clearest gods, who make them honours\n", "Of men's impossibilities, have preserved thee.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I do remember now: henceforth I'll bear\n", "Affliction till it do cry out itself\n", "'Enough, enough,' and die. That thing you speak of,\n", "I took it for a man; often 'twould say\n", "'The fiend, the fiend:' he led me to that place.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Bear free and patient thoughts. But who comes here?\n", "Enter KING LEAR, fantastically dressed with wild flowers\n", "\n", "The safer sense will ne'er accommodate\n", "His master thus.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, they cannot touch me for coining; I am the\n", "king himself.\n", "EDGAR\n", "O thou side-piercing sight!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Nature's above art in that respect. There's your\n", "press-money. That fellow handles his bow like a\n", "crow-keeper: draw me a clothier's yard. Look,\n", "look, a mouse! Peace, peace; this piece of toasted\n", "cheese will do 't. There's my gauntlet; I'll prove\n", "it on a giant. Bring up the brown bills. O, well\n", "flown, bird! i' the clout, i' the clout: hewgh!\n", "Give the word.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Sweet marjoram.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Pass.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I know that voice.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ha! Goneril, with a white beard! They flattered\n", "me like a dog; and told me I had white hairs in my\n", "beard ere the black ones were there. To say 'ay'\n", "and 'no' to every thing that I said!--'Ay' and 'no'\n", "too was no good divinity. When the rain came to\n", "wet me once, and the wind to make me chatter; when\n", "the thunder would not peace at my bidding; there I\n", "found 'em, there I smelt 'em out. Go to, they are\n", "not men o' their words: they told me I was every\n", "thing; 'tis a lie, I am not ague-proof.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "The trick of that voice I do well remember:\n", "Is 't not the king?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ay, every inch a king:\n", "When I do stare, see how the subject quakes.\n", "I pardon that man's life. What was thy cause? Adultery?\n", "Thou shalt not die: die for adultery! No:\n", "The wren goes to 't, and the small gilded fly\n", "Does lecher in my sight.\n", "Let copulation thrive; for Gloucester's bastard son\n", "Was kinder to his father than my daughters\n", "Got 'tween the lawful sheets.\n", "To 't, luxury, pell-mell! for I lack soldiers.\n", "Behold yond simpering dame,\n", "Whose face between her forks presages snow;\n", "That minces virtue, and does shake the head\n", "To hear of pleasure's name;\n", "The fitchew, nor the soiled horse, goes to 't\n", "With a more riotous appetite.\n", "Down from the waist they are Centaurs,\n", "Though women all above:\n", "But to the girdle do the gods inherit,\n", "Beneath is all the fiends';\n", "There's hell, there's darkness, there's the\n", "sulphurous pit,\n", "Burning, scalding, stench, consumption; fie,\n", "fie, fie! pah, pah! Give me an ounce of civet,\n", "good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination:\n", "there's money for thee.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O, let me kiss that hand!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Let me wipe it first; it smells of mortality.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "O ruin'd piece of nature! This great world\n", "Shall so wear out to nought. Dost thou know me?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I remember thine eyes well enough. Dost thou squiny\n", "at me? No, do thy worst, blind Cupid! I'll not\n", "love. Read thou this challenge; mark but the\n", "penning of it.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Were all the letters suns, I could not see one.\n", "EDGAR\n", "I would not take this from report; it is,\n", "And my heart breaks at it.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Read.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What, with the case of eyes?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "O, ho, are you there with me? No eyes in your\n", "head, nor no money in your purse? Your eyes are in\n", "a heavy case, your purse in a light; yet you see how\n", "this world goes.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "I see it feelingly.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "What, art mad? A man may see how this world goes\n", "with no eyes. Look with thine ears: see how yond\n", "justice rails upon yond simple thief. Hark, in\n", "thine ear: change places; and, handy-dandy, which\n", "is the justice, which is the thief? Thou hast seen\n", "a farmer's dog bark at a beggar?\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Ay, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "And the creature run from the cur? There thou\n", "mightst behold the great image of authority: a\n", "dog's obeyed in office.\n", "Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand!\n", "Why dost thou lash that whore? Strip thine own back;\n", "Thou hotly lust'st to use her in that kind\n", "For which thou whipp'st her. The usurer hangs the cozener.\n", "Through tatter'd clothes small vices do appear;\n", "Robes and furr'd gowns hide all. Plate sin with gold,\n", "And the strong lance of justice hurtless breaks:\n", "Arm it in rags, a pigmy's straw does pierce it.\n", "None does offend, none, I say, none; I'll able 'em:\n", "Take that of me, my friend, who have the power\n", "To seal the accuser's lips. Get thee glass eyes;\n", "And like a scurvy politician, seem\n", "To see the things thou dost not. Now, now, now, now:\n", "Pull off my boots: harder, harder: so.\n", "EDGAR\n", "O, matter and impertinency mix'd! Reason in madness!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "If thou wilt weep my fortunes, take my eyes.\n", "I know thee well enough; thy name is Gloucester:\n", "Thou must be patient; we came crying hither:\n", "Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,\n", "We wawl and cry. I will preach to thee: mark.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Alack, alack the day!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "When we are born, we cry that we are come\n", "To this great stage of fools: this a good block;\n", "It were a delicate stratagem, to shoe\n", "A troop of horse with felt: I'll put 't in proof;\n", "And when I have stol'n upon these sons-in-law,\n", "Then, kill, kill, kill, kill, kill, kill!\n", "Enter a Gentleman, with Attendants\n", "\n", "Gentleman\n", "O, here he is: lay hand upon him. Sir,\n", "Your most dear daughter--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No rescue? What, a prisoner? I am even\n", "The natural fool of fortune. Use me well;\n", "You shall have ransom. Let me have surgeons;\n", "I am cut to the brains.\n", "Gentleman\n", "You shall have any thing.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No seconds? all myself?\n", "Why, this would make a man a man of salt,\n", "To use his eyes for garden water-pots,\n", "Ay, and laying autumn's dust.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Good sir,--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I will die bravely, like a bridegroom. What!\n", "I will be jovial: come, come; I am a king,\n", "My masters, know you that.\n", "Gentleman\n", "You are a royal one, and we obey you.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Then there's life in't. Nay, if you get it, you\n", "shall get it with running. Sa, sa, sa, sa.\n", "Exit running; Attendants follow\n", "\n", "Gentleman\n", "A sight most pitiful in the meanest wretch,\n", "Past speaking of in a king! Thou hast one daughter,\n", "Who redeems nature from the general curse\n", "Which twain have brought her to.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Hail, gentle sir.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Sir, speed you: what's your will?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Do you hear aught, sir, of a battle toward?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Most sure and vulgar: every one hears that,\n", "Which can distinguish sound.\n", "EDGAR\n", "But, by your favour,\n", "How near's the other army?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Near and on speedy foot; the main descry\n", "Stands on the hourly thought.\n", "EDGAR\n", "I thank you, sir: that's all.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Though that the queen on special cause is here,\n", "Her army is moved on.\n", "EDGAR\n", "I thank you, sir.\n", "Exit Gentleman\n", "\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "You ever-gentle gods, take my breath from me:\n", "Let not my worser spirit tempt me again\n", "To die before you please!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Well pray you, father.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Now, good sir, what are you?\n", "EDGAR\n", "A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blows;\n", "Who, by the art of known and feeling sorrows,\n", "Am pregnant to good pity. Give me your hand,\n", "I'll lead you to some biding.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Hearty thanks:\n", "The bounty and the benison of heaven\n", "To boot, and boot!\n", "Enter OSWALD\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "A proclaim'd prize! Most happy!\n", "That eyeless head of thine was first framed flesh\n", "To raise my fortunes. Thou old unhappy traitor,\n", "Briefly thyself remember: the sword is out\n", "That must destroy thee.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Now let thy friendly hand\n", "Put strength enough to't.\n", "EDGAR interposes\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "Wherefore, bold peasant,\n", "Darest thou support a publish'd traitor? Hence;\n", "Lest that the infection of his fortune take\n", "Like hold on thee. Let go his arm.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Ch'ill not let go, zir, without vurther 'casion.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Let go, slave, or thou diest!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor volk\n", "pass. An chud ha' bin zwaggered out of my life,\n", "'twould not ha' bin zo long as 'tis by a vortnight.\n", "Nay, come not near th' old man; keep out, che vor\n", "ye, or ise try whether your costard or my ballow be\n", "the harder: ch'ill be plain with you.\n", "OSWALD\n", "Out, dunghill!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Ch'ill pick your teeth, zir: come; no matter vor\n", "your foins.\n", "They fight, and EDGAR knocks him down\n", "\n", "OSWALD\n", "Slave, thou hast slain me: villain, take my purse:\n", "If ever thou wilt thrive, bury my body;\n", "And give the letters which thou find'st about me\n", "To Edmund earl of Gloucester; seek him out\n", "Upon the British party: O, untimely death!\n", "Dies\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "I know thee well: a serviceable villain;\n", "As duteous to the vices of thy mistress\n", "As badness would desire.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "What, is he dead?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Sit you down, father; rest you\n", "Let's see these pockets: the letters that he speaks of\n", "May be my friends. He's dead; I am only sorry\n", "He had no other death's-man. Let us see:\n", "Leave, gentle wax; and, manners, blame us not:\n", "To know our enemies' minds, we'ld rip their hearts;\n", "Their papers, is more lawful.\n", "Reads\n", "\n", "'Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. You have\n", "many opportunities to cut him off: if your will\n", "want not, time and place will be fruitfully offered.\n", "There is nothing done, if he return the conqueror:\n", "then am I the prisoner, and his bed my goal; from\n", "the loathed warmth whereof deliver me, and supply\n", "the place for your labour.\n", "'Your--wife, so I would say--\n", "'Affectionate servant,\n", "'GONERIL.'\n", "O undistinguish'd space of woman's will!\n", "A plot upon her virtuous husband's life;\n", "And the exchange my brother! Here, in the sands,\n", "Thee I'll rake up, the post unsanctified\n", "Of murderous lechers: and in the mature time\n", "With this ungracious paper strike the sight\n", "Of the death practised duke: for him 'tis well\n", "That of thy death and business I can tell.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "The king is mad: how stiff is my vile sense,\n", "That I stand up, and have ingenious feeling\n", "Of my huge sorrows! Better I were distract:\n", "So should my thoughts be sever'd from my griefs,\n", "And woes by wrong imaginations lose\n", "The knowledge of themselves.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Give me your hand:\n", "Drum afar off\n", "\n", "Far off, methinks, I hear the beaten drum:\n", "Come, father, I'll bestow you with a friend.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE VII. A tent in the French camp. LEAR on a bed asleep,\n", "soft music playing; Gentleman, and others attending.\n", "Enter CORDELIA, KENT, and Doctor\n", "\n", "CORDELIA\n", "O thou good Kent, how shall I live and work,\n", "To match thy goodness? My life will be too short,\n", "And every measure fail me.\n", "KENT\n", "To be acknowledged, madam, is o'erpaid.\n", "All my reports go with the modest truth;\n", "Nor more nor clipp'd, but so.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Be better suited:\n", "These weeds are memories of those worser hours:\n", "I prithee, put them off.\n", "KENT\n", "Pardon me, dear madam;\n", "Yet to be known shortens my made intent:\n", "My boon I make it, that you know me not\n", "Till time and I think meet.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Then be't so, my good lord.\n", "To the Doctor\n", "\n", "How does the king?\n", "Doctor\n", "Madam, sleeps still.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "O you kind gods,\n", "Cure this great breach in his abused nature!\n", "The untuned and jarring senses, O, wind up\n", "Of this child-changed father!\n", "Doctor\n", "So please your majesty\n", "That we may wake the king: he hath slept long.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Be govern'd by your knowledge, and proceed\n", "I' the sway of your own will. Is he array'd?\n", "Gentleman\n", "Ay, madam; in the heaviness of his sleep\n", "We put fresh garments on him.\n", "Doctor\n", "Be by, good madam, when we do awake him;\n", "I doubt not of his temperance.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Very well.\n", "Doctor\n", "Please you, draw near. Louder the music there!\n", "CORDELIA\n", "O my dear father! Restoration hang\n", "Thy medicine on my lips; and let this kiss\n", "Repair those violent harms that my two sisters\n", "Have in thy reverence made!\n", "KENT\n", "Kind and dear princess!\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Had you not been their father, these white flakes\n", "Had challenged pity of them. Was this a face\n", "To be opposed against the warring winds?\n", "To stand against the deep dread-bolted thunder?\n", "In the most terrible and nimble stroke\n", "Of quick, cross lightning? to watch--poor perdu!--\n", "With this thin helm? Mine enemy's dog,\n", "Though he had bit me, should have stood that night\n", "Against my fire; and wast thou fain, poor father,\n", "To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlorn,\n", "In short and musty straw? Alack, alack!\n", "'Tis wonder that thy life and wits at once\n", "Had not concluded all. He wakes; speak to him.\n", "Doctor\n", "Madam, do you; 'tis fittest.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "How does my royal lord? How fares your majesty?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You do me wrong to take me out o' the grave:\n", "Thou art a soul in bliss; but I am bound\n", "Upon a wheel of fire, that mine own tears\n", "Do scald like moulten lead.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Sir, do you know me?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You are a spirit, I know: when did you die?\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Still, still, far wide!\n", "Doctor\n", "He's scarce awake: let him alone awhile.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Where have I been? Where am I? Fair daylight?\n", "I am mightily abused. I should e'en die with pity,\n", "To see another thus. I know not what to say.\n", "I will not swear these are my hands: let's see;\n", "I feel this pin prick. Would I were assured\n", "Of my condition!\n", "CORDELIA\n", "O, look upon me, sir,\n", "And hold your hands in benediction o'er me:\n", "No, sir, you must not kneel.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Pray, do not mock me:\n", "I am a very foolish fond old man,\n", "Fourscore and upward, not an hour more nor less;\n", "And, to deal plainly,\n", "I fear I am not in my perfect mind.\n", "Methinks I should know you, and know this man;\n", "Yet I am doubtful for I am mainly ignorant\n", "What place this is; and all the skill I have\n", "Remembers not these garments; nor I know not\n", "Where I did lodge last night. Do not laugh at me;\n", "For, as I am a man, I think this lady\n", "To be my child Cordelia.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "And so I am, I am.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Be your tears wet? yes, 'faith. I pray, weep not:\n", "If you have poison for me, I will drink it.\n", "I know you do not love me; for your sisters\n", "Have, as I do remember, done me wrong:\n", "You have some cause, they have not.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "No cause, no cause.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Am I in France?\n", "KENT\n", "In your own kingdom, sir.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Do not abuse me.\n", "Doctor\n", "Be comforted, good madam: the great rage,\n", "You see, is kill'd in him: and yet it is danger\n", "To make him even o'er the time he has lost.\n", "Desire him to go in; trouble him no more\n", "Till further settling.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "Will't please your highness walk?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You must bear with me:\n", "Pray you now, forget and forgive: I am old and foolish.\n", "Exeunt all but KENT and Gentleman\n", "\n", "Gentleman\n", "Holds it true, sir, that the Duke of Cornwall was so slain?\n", "KENT\n", "Most certain, sir.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Who is conductor of his people?\n", "KENT\n", "As 'tis said, the bastard son of Gloucester.\n", "Gentleman\n", "They say Edgar, his banished son, is with the Earl\n", "of Kent in Germany.\n", "KENT\n", "Report is changeable. 'Tis time to look about; the\n", "powers of the kingdom approach apace.\n", "Gentleman\n", "The arbitrement is like to be bloody. Fare you\n", "well, sir.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "KENT\n", "My point and period will be throughly wrought,\n", "Or well or ill, as this day's battle's fought.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "ACT V\n", "SCENE I. The British camp, near Dover.\n", "Enter, with drum and colours, EDMUND, REGAN, Gentlemen, and Soldiers.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Know of the duke if his last purpose hold,\n", "Or whether since he is advised by aught\n", "To change the course: he's full of alteration\n", "And self-reproving: bring his constant pleasure.\n", "To a Gentleman, who goes out\n", "\n", "REGAN\n", "Our sister's man is certainly miscarried.\n", "EDMUND\n", "'Tis to be doubted, madam.\n", "REGAN\n", "Now, sweet lord,\n", "You know the goodness I intend upon you:\n", "Tell me--but truly--but then speak the truth,\n", "Do you not love my sister?\n", "EDMUND\n", "In honour'd love.\n", "REGAN\n", "But have you never found my brother's way\n", "To the forfended place?\n", "EDMUND\n", "That thought abuses you.\n", "REGAN\n", "I am doubtful that you have been conjunct\n", "And bosom'd with her, as far as we call hers.\n", "EDMUND\n", "No, by mine honour, madam.\n", "REGAN\n", "I never shall endure her: dear my lord,\n", "Be not familiar with her.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Fear me not:\n", "She and the duke her husband!\n", "Enter, with drum and colours, ALBANY, GONERIL, and Soldiers\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "[Aside] I had rather lose the battle than that sister\n", "Should loosen him and me.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Our very loving sister, well be-met.\n", "Sir, this I hear; the king is come to his daughter,\n", "With others whom the rigor of our state\n", "Forced to cry out. Where I could not be honest,\n", "I never yet was valiant: for this business,\n", "It toucheth us, as France invades our land,\n", "Not bolds the king, with others, whom, I fear,\n", "Most just and heavy causes make oppose.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Sir, you speak nobly.\n", "REGAN\n", "Why is this reason'd?\n", "GONERIL\n", "Combine together 'gainst the enemy;\n", "For these domestic and particular broils\n", "Are not the question here.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Let's then determine\n", "With the ancient of war on our proceedings.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I shall attend you presently at your tent.\n", "REGAN\n", "Sister, you'll go with us?\n", "GONERIL\n", "No.\n", "REGAN\n", "'Tis most convenient; pray you, go with us.\n", "GONERIL\n", "[Aside] O, ho, I know the riddle.--I will go.\n", "As they are going out, enter EDGAR disguised\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "If e'er your grace had speech with man so poor,\n", "Hear me one word.\n", "ALBANY\n", "I'll overtake you. Speak.\n", "Exeunt all but ALBANY and EDGAR\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "Before you fight the battle, ope this letter.\n", "If you have victory, let the trumpet sound\n", "For him that brought it: wretched though I seem,\n", "I can produce a champion that will prove\n", "What is avouched there. If you miscarry,\n", "Your business of the world hath so an end,\n", "And machination ceases. Fortune love you.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Stay till I have read the letter.\n", "EDGAR\n", "I was forbid it.\n", "When time shall serve, let but the herald cry,\n", "And I'll appear again.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Why, fare thee well: I will o'erlook thy paper.\n", "Exit EDGAR\n", "\n", "Re-enter EDMUND\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "The enemy's in view; draw up your powers.\n", "Here is the guess of their true strength and forces\n", "By diligent discovery; but your haste\n", "Is now urged on you.\n", "ALBANY\n", "We will greet the time.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "To both these sisters have I sworn my love;\n", "Each jealous of the other, as the stung\n", "Are of the adder. Which of them shall I take?\n", "Both? one? or neither? Neither can be enjoy'd,\n", "If both remain alive: to take the widow\n", "Exasperates, makes mad her sister Goneril;\n", "And hardly shall I carry out my side,\n", "Her husband being alive. Now then we'll use\n", "His countenance for the battle; which being done,\n", "Let her who would be rid of him devise\n", "His speedy taking off. As for the mercy\n", "Which he intends to Lear and to Cordelia,\n", "The battle done, and they within our power,\n", "Shall never see his pardon; for my state\n", "Stands on me to defend, not to debate.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "SCENE II. A field between the two camps.\n", "Alarum within. Enter, with drum and colours, KING LEAR, CORDELIA, and Soldiers, over the stage; and exeunt\n", "Enter EDGAR and GLOUCESTER\n", "EDGAR\n", "Here, father, take the shadow of this tree\n", "For your good host; pray that the right may thrive:\n", "If ever I return to you again,\n", "I'll bring you comfort.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "Grace go with you, sir!\n", "Exit EDGAR\n", "\n", "Alarum and retreat within. Re-enter EDGAR\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "Away, old man; give me thy hand; away!\n", "King Lear hath lost, he and his daughter ta'en:\n", "Give me thy hand; come on.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "No farther, sir; a man may rot even here.\n", "EDGAR\n", "What, in ill thoughts again? Men must endure\n", "Their going hence, even as their coming hither;\n", "Ripeness is all: come on.\n", "GLOUCESTER\n", "And that's true too.\n", "Exeunt\n", "\n", "SCENE III. The British camp near Dover.\n", "Enter, in conquest, with drum and colours, EDMUND, KING LEAR and CORDELIA, prisoners; Captain, Soldiers, & c\n", "EDMUND\n", "Some officers take them away: good guard,\n", "Until their greater pleasures first be known\n", "That are to censure them.\n", "CORDELIA\n", "We are not the first\n", "Who, with best meaning, have incurr'd the worst.\n", "For thee, oppressed king, am I cast down;\n", "Myself could else out-frown false fortune's frown.\n", "Shall we not see these daughters and these sisters?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "No, no, no, no! Come, let's away to prison:\n", "We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage:\n", "When thou dost ask me blessing, I'll kneel down,\n", "And ask of thee forgiveness: so we'll live,\n", "And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh\n", "At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues\n", "Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,\n", "Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out;\n", "And take upon's the mystery of things,\n", "As if we were God's spies: and we'll wear out,\n", "In a wall'd prison, packs and sects of great ones,\n", "That ebb and flow by the moon.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Take them away.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Upon such sacrifices, my Cordelia,\n", "The gods themselves throw incense. Have I caught thee?\n", "He that parts us shall bring a brand from heaven,\n", "And fire us hence like foxes. Wipe thine eyes;\n", "The good-years shall devour them, flesh and fell,\n", "Ere they shall make us weep: we'll see 'em starve\n", "first. Come.\n", "Exeunt KING LEAR and CORDELIA, guarded\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "Come hither, captain; hark.\n", "Take thou this note;\n", "Giving a paper\n", "\n", "go follow them to prison:\n", "One step I have advanced thee; if thou dost\n", "As this instructs thee, thou dost make thy way\n", "To noble fortunes: know thou this, that men\n", "Are as the time is: to be tender-minded\n", "Does not become a sword: thy great employment\n", "Will not bear question; either say thou'lt do 't,\n", "Or thrive by other means.\n", "Captain\n", "I'll do 't, my lord.\n", "EDMUND\n", "About it; and write happy when thou hast done.\n", "Mark, I say, instantly; and carry it so\n", "As I have set it down.\n", "Captain\n", "I cannot draw a cart, nor eat dried oats;\n", "If it be man's work, I'll do 't.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "Flourish. Enter ALBANY, GONERIL, REGAN, another Captain, and Soldiers\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Sir, you have shown to-day your valiant strain,\n", "And fortune led you well: you have the captives\n", "That were the opposites of this day's strife:\n", "We do require them of you, so to use them\n", "As we shall find their merits and our safety\n", "May equally determine.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Sir, I thought it fit\n", "To send the old and miserable king\n", "To some retention and appointed guard;\n", "Whose age has charms in it, whose title more,\n", "To pluck the common bosom on his side,\n", "An turn our impress'd lances in our eyes\n", "Which do command them. With him I sent the queen;\n", "My reason all the same; and they are ready\n", "To-morrow, or at further space, to appear\n", "Where you shall hold your session. At this time\n", "We sweat and bleed: the friend hath lost his friend;\n", "And the best quarrels, in the heat, are cursed\n", "By those that feel their sharpness:\n", "The question of Cordelia and her father\n", "Requires a fitter place.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Sir, by your patience,\n", "I hold you but a subject of this war,\n", "Not as a brother.\n", "REGAN\n", "That's as we list to grace him.\n", "Methinks our pleasure might have been demanded,\n", "Ere you had spoke so far. He led our powers;\n", "Bore the commission of my place and person;\n", "The which immediacy may well stand up,\n", "And call itself your brother.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Not so hot:\n", "In his own grace he doth exalt himself,\n", "More than in your addition.\n", "REGAN\n", "In my rights,\n", "By me invested, he compeers the best.\n", "GONERIL\n", "That were the most, if he should husband you.\n", "REGAN\n", "Jesters do oft prove prophets.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Holla, holla!\n", "That eye that told you so look'd but a-squint.\n", "REGAN\n", "Lady, I am not well; else I should answer\n", "From a full-flowing stomach. General,\n", "Take thou my soldiers, prisoners, patrimony;\n", "Dispose of them, of me; the walls are thine:\n", "Witness the world, that I create thee here\n", "My lord and master.\n", "GONERIL\n", "Mean you to enjoy him?\n", "ALBANY\n", "The let-alone lies not in your good will.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Nor in thine, lord.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Half-blooded fellow, yes.\n", "REGAN\n", "[To EDMUND] Let the drum strike, and prove my title thine.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Stay yet; hear reason. Edmund, I arrest thee\n", "On capital treason; and, in thine attaint,\n", "This gilded serpent\n", "Pointing to Goneril\n", "\n", "For your claim, fair sister,\n", "I bar it in the interest of my wife:\n", "'Tis she is sub-contracted to this lord,\n", "And I, her husband, contradict your bans.\n", "If you will marry, make your loves to me,\n", "My lady is bespoke.\n", "GONERIL\n", "An interlude!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Thou art arm'd, Gloucester: let the trumpet sound:\n", "If none appear to prove upon thy head\n", "Thy heinous, manifest, and many treasons,\n", "There is my pledge;\n", "Throwing down a glove\n", "\n", "I'll prove it on thy heart,\n", "Ere I taste bread, thou art in nothing less\n", "Than I have here proclaim'd thee.\n", "REGAN\n", "Sick, O, sick!\n", "GONERIL\n", "[Aside] If not, I'll ne'er trust medicine.\n", "EDMUND\n", "There's my exchange:\n", "Throwing down a glove\n", "\n", "what in the world he is\n", "That names me traitor, villain-like he lies:\n", "Call by thy trumpet: he that dares approach,\n", "On him, on you, who not? I will maintain\n", "My truth and honour firmly.\n", "ALBANY\n", "A herald, ho!\n", "EDMUND\n", "A herald, ho, a herald!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Trust to thy single virtue; for thy soldiers,\n", "All levied in my name, have in my name\n", "Took their discharge.\n", "REGAN\n", "My sickness grows upon me.\n", "ALBANY\n", "She is not well; convey her to my tent.\n", "Exit Regan, led\n", "\n", "Enter a Herald\n", "\n", "Come hither, herald,--Let the trumpet sound,\n", "And read out this.\n", "Captain\n", "Sound, trumpet!\n", "A trumpet sounds\n", "\n", "Herald\n", "[Reads] 'If any man of quality or degree within\n", "the lists of the army will maintain upon Edmund,\n", "supposed Earl of Gloucester, that he is a manifold\n", "traitor, let him appear by the third sound of the\n", "trumpet: he is bold in his defence.'\n", "EDMUND\n", "Sound!\n", "First trumpet\n", "\n", "Herald\n", "Again!\n", "Second trumpet\n", "\n", "Herald\n", "Again!\n", "Third trumpet\n", "\n", "Trumpet answers within\n", "\n", "Enter EDGAR, at the third sound, armed, with a trumpet before him\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Ask him his purposes, why he appears\n", "Upon this call o' the trumpet.\n", "Herald\n", "What are you?\n", "Your name, your quality? and why you answer\n", "This present summons?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Know, my name is lost;\n", "By treason's tooth bare-gnawn and canker-bit:\n", "Yet am I noble as the adversary\n", "I come to cope.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Which is that adversary?\n", "EDGAR\n", "What's he that speaks for Edmund Earl of Gloucester?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Himself: what say'st thou to him?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Draw thy sword,\n", "That, if my speech offend a noble heart,\n", "Thy arm may do thee justice: here is mine.\n", "Behold, it is the privilege of mine honours,\n", "My oath, and my profession: I protest,\n", "Maugre thy strength, youth, place, and eminence,\n", "Despite thy victor sword and fire-new fortune,\n", "Thy valour and thy heart, thou art a traitor;\n", "False to thy gods, thy brother, and thy father;\n", "Conspirant 'gainst this high-illustrious prince;\n", "And, from the extremest upward of thy head\n", "To the descent and dust below thy foot,\n", "A most toad-spotted traitor. Say thou 'No,'\n", "This sword, this arm, and my best spirits, are bent\n", "To prove upon thy heart, whereto I speak,\n", "Thou liest.\n", "EDMUND\n", "In wisdom I should ask thy name;\n", "But, since thy outside looks so fair and warlike,\n", "And that thy tongue some say of breeding breathes,\n", "What safe and nicely I might well delay\n", "By rule of knighthood, I disdain and spurn:\n", "Back do I toss these treasons to thy head;\n", "With the hell-hated lie o'erwhelm thy heart;\n", "Which, for they yet glance by and scarcely bruise,\n", "This sword of mine shall give them instant way,\n", "Where they shall rest for ever. Trumpets, speak!\n", "Alarums. They fight. EDMUND falls\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Save him, save him!\n", "GONERIL\n", "This is practise, Gloucester:\n", "By the law of arms thou wast not bound to answer\n", "An unknown opposite; thou art not vanquish'd,\n", "But cozen'd and beguiled.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Shut your mouth, dame,\n", "Or with this paper shall I stop it: Hold, sir:\n", "Thou worse than any name, read thine own evil:\n", "No tearing, lady: I perceive you know it.\n", "Gives the letter to EDMUND\n", "\n", "GONERIL\n", "Say, if I do, the laws are mine, not thine:\n", "Who can arraign me for't.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Most monstrous! oh!\n", "Know'st thou this paper?\n", "GONERIL\n", "Ask me not what I know.\n", "Exit\n", "\n", "ALBANY\n", "Go after her: she's desperate; govern her.\n", "EDMUND\n", "What you have charged me with, that have I done;\n", "And more, much more; the time will bring it out:\n", "'Tis past, and so am I. But what art thou\n", "That hast this fortune on me? If thou'rt noble,\n", "I do forgive thee.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Let's exchange charity.\n", "I am no less in blood than thou art, Edmund;\n", "If more, the more thou hast wrong'd me.\n", "My name is Edgar, and thy father's son.\n", "The gods are just, and of our pleasant vices\n", "Make instruments to plague us:\n", "The dark and vicious place where thee he got\n", "Cost him his eyes.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Thou hast spoken right, 'tis true;\n", "The wheel is come full circle: I am here.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Methought thy very gait did prophesy\n", "A royal nobleness: I must embrace thee:\n", "Let sorrow split my heart, if ever I\n", "Did hate thee or thy father!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Worthy prince, I know't.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Where have you hid yourself?\n", "How have you known the miseries of your father?\n", "EDGAR\n", "By nursing them, my lord. List a brief tale;\n", "And when 'tis told, O, that my heart would burst!\n", "The bloody proclamation to escape,\n", "That follow'd me so near,--O, our lives' sweetness!\n", "That we the pain of death would hourly die\n", "Rather than die at once!--taught me to shift\n", "Into a madman's rags; to assume a semblance\n", "That very dogs disdain'd: and in this habit\n", "Met I my father with his bleeding rings,\n", "Their precious stones new lost: became his guide,\n", "Led him, begg'd for him, saved him from despair;\n", "Never,--O fault!--reveal'd myself unto him,\n", "Until some half-hour past, when I was arm'd:\n", "Not sure, though hoping, of this good success,\n", "I ask'd his blessing, and from first to last\n", "Told him my pilgrimage: but his flaw'd heart,\n", "Alack, too weak the conflict to support!\n", "'Twixt two extremes of passion, joy and grief,\n", "Burst smilingly.\n", "EDMUND\n", "This speech of yours hath moved me,\n", "And shall perchance do good: but speak you on;\n", "You look as you had something more to say.\n", "ALBANY\n", "If there be more, more woeful, hold it in;\n", "For I am almost ready to dissolve,\n", "Hearing of this.\n", "EDGAR\n", "This would have seem'd a period\n", "To such as love not sorrow; but another,\n", "To amplify too much, would make much more,\n", "And top extremity.\n", "Whilst I was big in clamour came there in a man,\n", "Who, having seen me in my worst estate,\n", "Shunn'd my abhorr'd society; but then, finding\n", "Who 'twas that so endured, with his strong arms\n", "He fastened on my neck, and bellow'd out\n", "As he'ld burst heaven; threw him on my father;\n", "Told the most piteous tale of Lear and him\n", "That ever ear received: which in recounting\n", "His grief grew puissant and the strings of life\n", "Began to crack: twice then the trumpets sounded,\n", "And there I left him tranced.\n", "ALBANY\n", "But who was this?\n", "EDGAR\n", "Kent, sir, the banish'd Kent; who in disguise\n", "Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service\n", "Improper for a slave.\n", "Enter a Gentleman, with a bloody knife\n", "\n", "Gentleman\n", "Help, help, O, help!\n", "EDGAR\n", "What kind of help?\n", "ALBANY\n", "Speak, man.\n", "EDGAR\n", "What means that bloody knife?\n", "Gentleman\n", "'Tis hot, it smokes;\n", "It came even from the heart of--O, she's dead!\n", "ALBANY\n", "Who dead? speak, man.\n", "Gentleman\n", "Your lady, sir, your lady: and her sister\n", "By her is poisoned; she hath confess'd it.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I was contracted to them both: all three\n", "Now marry in an instant.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Here comes Kent.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Produce their bodies, be they alive or dead:\n", "This judgment of the heavens, that makes us tremble,\n", "Touches us not with pity.\n", "Exit Gentleman\n", "\n", "Enter KENT\n", "\n", "O, is this he?\n", "The time will not allow the compliment\n", "Which very manners urges.\n", "KENT\n", "I am come\n", "To bid my king and master aye good night:\n", "Is he not here?\n", "ALBANY\n", "Great thing of us forgot!\n", "Speak, Edmund, where's the king? and where's Cordelia?\n", "See'st thou this object, Kent?\n", "The bodies of GONERIL and REGAN are brought in\n", "\n", "KENT\n", "Alack, why thus?\n", "EDMUND\n", "Yet Edmund was beloved:\n", "The one the other poison'd for my sake,\n", "And after slew herself.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Even so. Cover their faces.\n", "EDMUND\n", "I pant for life: some good I mean to do,\n", "Despite of mine own nature. Quickly send,\n", "Be brief in it, to the castle; for my writ\n", "Is on the life of Lear and on Cordelia:\n", "Nay, send in time.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Run, run, O, run!\n", "EDGAR\n", "To who, my lord? Who hath the office? send\n", "Thy token of reprieve.\n", "EDMUND\n", "Well thought on: take my sword,\n", "Give it the captain.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Haste thee, for thy life.\n", "Exit EDGAR\n", "\n", "EDMUND\n", "He hath commission from thy wife and me\n", "To hang Cordelia in the prison, and\n", "To lay the blame upon her own despair,\n", "That she fordid herself.\n", "ALBANY\n", "The gods defend her! Bear him hence awhile.\n", "EDMUND is borne off\n", "\n", "Re-enter KING LEAR, with CORDELIA dead in his arms; EDGAR, Captain, and others following\n", "\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Howl, howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones:\n", "Had I your tongues and eyes, I'ld use them so\n", "That heaven's vault should crack. She's gone for ever!\n", "I know when one is dead, and when one lives;\n", "She's dead as earth. Lend me a looking-glass;\n", "If that her breath will mist or stain the stone,\n", "Why, then she lives.\n", "KENT\n", "Is this the promised end\n", "EDGAR\n", "Or image of that horror?\n", "ALBANY\n", "Fall, and cease!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "This feather stirs; she lives! if it be so,\n", "It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows\n", "That ever I have felt.\n", "KENT\n", "[Kneeling] O my good master!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Prithee, away.\n", "EDGAR\n", "'Tis noble Kent, your friend.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "A plague upon you, murderers, traitors all!\n", "I might have saved her; now she's gone for ever!\n", "Cordelia, Cordelia! stay a little. Ha!\n", "What is't thou say'st? Her voice was ever soft,\n", "Gentle, and low, an excellent thing in woman.\n", "I kill'd the slave that was a-hanging thee.\n", "Captain\n", "'Tis true, my lords, he did.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Did I not, fellow?\n", "I have seen the day, with my good biting falchion\n", "I would have made them skip: I am old now,\n", "And these same crosses spoil me. Who are you?\n", "Mine eyes are not o' the best: I'll tell you straight.\n", "KENT\n", "If fortune brag of two she loved and hated,\n", "One of them we behold.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "This is a dull sight. Are you not Kent?\n", "KENT\n", "The same,\n", "Your servant Kent: Where is your servant Caius?\n", "KING LEAR\n", "He's a good fellow, I can tell you that;\n", "He'll strike, and quickly too: he's dead and rotten.\n", "KENT\n", "No, my good lord; I am the very man,--\n", "KING LEAR\n", "I'll see that straight.\n", "KENT\n", "That, from your first of difference and decay,\n", "Have follow'd your sad steps.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "You are welcome hither.\n", "KENT\n", "Nor no man else: all's cheerless, dark, and deadly.\n", "Your eldest daughters have fordone them selves,\n", "And desperately are dead.\n", "KING LEAR\n", "Ay, so I think.\n", "ALBANY\n", "He knows not what he says: and vain it is\n", "That we present us to him.\n", "EDGAR\n", "Very bootless.\n", "Enter a Captain\n", "\n", "Captain\n", "Edmund is dead, my lord.\n", "ALBANY\n", "That's but a trifle here.\n", "You lords and noble friends, know our intent.\n", "What comfort to this great decay may come\n", "Shall be applied: for us we will resign,\n", "During the life of this old majesty,\n", "To him our absolute power:\n", "To EDGAR and KENT\n", "\n", "you, to your rights:\n", "With boot, and such addition as your honours\n", "Have more than merited. All friends shall taste\n", "The wages of their virtue, and all foes\n", "The cup of their deservings. O, see, see!\n", "KING LEAR\n", "And my poor fool is hang'd! No, no, no life!\n", "Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life,\n", "And thou no breath at all? Thou'lt come no more,\n", "Never, never, never, never, never!\n", "Pray you, undo this button: thank you, sir.\n", "Do you see this? Look on her, look, her lips,\n", "Look there, look there!\n", "Dies\n", "\n", "EDGAR\n", "He faints! My lord, my lord!\n", "KENT\n", "Break, heart; I prithee, break!\n", "EDGAR\n", "Look up, my lord.\n", "KENT\n", "Vex not his ghost: O, let him pass! he hates him much\n", "That would upon the rack of this tough world\n", "Stretch him out longer.\n", "EDGAR\n", "He is gone, indeed.\n", "KENT\n", "The wonder is, he hath endured so long:\n", "He but usurp'd his life.\n", "ALBANY\n", "Bear them from hence. Our present business\n", "Is general woe.\n", "To KENT and EDGAR\n", "\n", "Friends of my soul, you twain\n", "Rule in this realm, and the gored state sustain.\n", "KENT\n", "I have a journey, sir, shortly to go;\n", "My master calls me, I must not say no.\n", "ALBANY\n", "The weight of this sad time we must obey;\n", "Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say.\n", "The oldest hath borne most: we that are young\n", "Shall never see so much, nor live so long.\n", "Exeunt, with a dead march\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(documents[0])" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Splitting Text Into Chunks\n", "\n", "As we can see, there is one document - and it's the entire text of King Lear.\n", "\n", "We'll want to chunk the document into smaller parts so it's easier to pass the most relevant snippets to the LLM. \n", "\n", "There is no fixed way to split/chunk documents - and you'll need to rely on some intuition as well as knowing your data *very* well in order to build the most robust system.\n", "\n", "For this toy example, we'll just split blindly on length. \n", "\n", ">There's an opportunity to clear up some terminology here, for this course we will be stick to the following: \n", ">\n", ">- \"source documents\" : The `.txt`, `.pdf`, `.html`, ..., files that make up the files and information we start with in its raw format\n", ">- \"document(s)\" : single (or more) text object(s)\n", ">- \"corpus\" : the combination of all of our documents" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Let's take a peek visually at what we're doing here - and why it might be useful:\n", "\n", "" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "As you can see (though it's not specifically true in this toy example) the idea of splitting documents is to break them into managable sized chunks that retain the most relevant local context." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "189" ] }, "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter()\n", "split_documents = text_splitter.split_texts(documents)\n", "len(split_documents)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Let's take a look at some of the documents we've managed to split." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[\"\\ufeffACT I\\nSCENE I. King Lear's palace.\\nEnter KENT, GLOUCESTER, and EDMUND\\nKENT\\nI thought the king had more affected the Duke of\\nAlbany than Cornwall.\\nGLOUCESTER\\nIt did always seem so to us: but now, in the\\ndivision of the kingdom, it appears not which of\\nthe dukes he values most; for equalities are so\\nweighed, that curiosity in neither can make choice\\nof either's moiety.\\nKENT\\nIs not this your son, my lord?\\nGLOUCESTER\\nHis breeding, sir, hath been at my charge: I have\\nso often blushed to acknowledge him, that now I am\\nbrazed to it.\\nKENT\\nI cannot conceive you.\\nGLOUCESTER\\nSir, this young fellow's mother could: whereupon\\nshe grew round-wombed, and had, indeed, sir, a son\\nfor her cradle ere she had a husband for her bed.\\nDo you smell a fault?\\nKENT\\nI cannot wish the fault undone, the issue of it\\nbeing so proper.\\nGLOUCESTER\\nBut I have, sir, a son by order of law, some year\\nelder than this, who yet is no dearer in my account:\\nthough this knave came something saucily into the\\nworld before he was se\"]" ] }, "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "split_documents[0:1]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Embeddings and Vectors\n", "\n", "Next, we have to convert our corpus into a \"machine readable\" format. \n", "\n", "Loosely, this means turning the text into numbers. \n", "\n", "There are plenty of resources that talk about this process in great detail - I'll leave this [blog](https://txt.cohere.com/sentence-word-embeddings/) from Cohere:AI as a resource if you want to deep dive a bit. \n", "\n", "Today, we're going to talk about the actual process of creating, and then storing, these embeddings, and how we can leverage that to intelligently add context to our queries." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "While this is all baked into 1 call - let's look at some of the code that powers this process:\n", "\n", "Let's look at our `VectorDatabase().__init__()`:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "def __init__(self, embedding_model: EmbeddingModel = None):\n", " self.vectors = defaultdict(np.array)\n", " self.embedding_model = embedding_model or EmbeddingModel()\n", "```\n", "\n", "As you can see - our vectors are merely stored as a dictionary of `np.array` objects.\n", "\n", "Secondly, our `VectorDatabase()` has a default `EmbeddingModel()` which is a wrapper for OpenAI's `text-embedding-ada-002` model. \n", "\n", "> **Quick Info About `text-embedding-ada-002`**:\n", "> - It has a context window of **8192** tokens\n", "> - It returns vectors with dimension **1536**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdin", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "OpenAI API Key: ········\n" ] } ], "source": [ "import os\n", "import openai\n", "from getpass import getpass\n", "\n", "openai.api_key = getpass(\"OpenAI API Key: \")\n", "os.environ[\"OPENAI_API_KEY\"] = openai.api_key" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We can call the `async_get_embeddings` method of our `EmbeddingModel()` on a list of `str` and receive a list of `float` back!\n", "\n", "```python\n", "async def async_get_embeddings(self, list_of_text: List[str]) -> List[List[float]]:\n", " return await aget_embeddings(\n", " list_of_text=list_of_text, engine=self.embeddings_model_name\n", " )\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We cast those to `np.array` when we build our `VectorDatabase()`:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "async def abuild_from_list(self, list_of_text: List[str]) -> \"VectorDatabase\":\n", " embeddings = await self.embedding_model.async_get_embeddings(list_of_text)\n", " for text, embedding in zip(list_of_text, embeddings):\n", " self.insert(text, np.array(embedding))\n", " return self\n", "```\n", "\n", "And that's all we need to do!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "vector_db = VectorDatabase()\n", "vector_db = asyncio.run(vector_db.abuild_from_list(split_documents))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "So, to review what we've done so far in natural language:\n", "\n", "1. We load source documents\n", "2. We split those source documents into smaller chunks (documents)\n", "3. We send each of those documents to the `text-embedding-ada-002` OpenAI API endpoint\n", "4. We store each of the text representations with the vector representations as keys/values in a dictionary" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Semantic Similarity\n", "\n", "The next step is to be able to query our `VectorDatabase()` with a `str` and have it return to us vectors and text that is most relevant from our corpus. \n", "\n", "We're going to use the following process to achieve this in our toy example:\n", "\n", "1. We need to embed our query with the same `EmbeddingModel()` as we used to construct our `VectorDatabase()`\n", "2. We loop through every vector in our `VectorDatabase()` and use a distance measure to compare how related they are\n", "3. We return a list of the top `k` closest vectors, with their text representations\n", "\n", "There's some very heavy optimization that can be done at each of these steps - but let's just focus on the basic pattern in this notebook.\n", "\n", "> We are using [cosine similarity](https://www.engati.com/glossary/cosine-similarity) as a distance measure in this example - but there are many many distance measures you could use - like [these](https://flavien-vidal.medium.com/similarity-distances-for-natural-language-processing-16f63cd5ba55)\n", "\n", "> We are using a rather inefficient way of calculating relative distance between the query vector and all other vectors - there are more advanced approaches that are much more efficient, like [ANN](https://towardsdatascience.com/comprehensive-guide-to-approximate-nearest-neighbors-algorithms-8b94f057d6b6)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[(\"ng] O my good master!\\nKING LEAR\\nPrithee, away.\\nEDGAR\\n'Tis noble Kent, your friend.\\nKING LEAR\\nA plague upon you, murderers, traitors all!\\nI might have saved her; now she's gone for ever!\\nCordelia, Cordelia! stay a little. Ha!\\nWhat is't thou say'st? Her voice was ever soft,\\nGentle, and low, an excellent thing in woman.\\nI kill'd the slave that was a-hanging thee.\\nCaptain\\n'Tis true, my lords, he did.\\nKING LEAR\\nDid I not, fellow?\\nI have seen the day, with my good biting falchion\\nI would have made them skip: I am old now,\\nAnd these same crosses spoil me. Who are you?\\nMine eyes are not o' the best: I'll tell you straight.\\nKENT\\nIf fortune brag of two she loved and hated,\\nOne of them we behold.\\nKING LEAR\\nThis is a dull sight. Are you not Kent?\\nKENT\\nThe same,\\nYour servant Kent: Where is your servant Caius?\\nKING LEAR\\nHe's a good fellow, I can tell you that;\\nHe'll strike, and quickly too: he's dead and rotten.\\nKENT\\nNo, my good lord; I am the very man,--\\nKING LEAR\\nI'll see that straight.\\nKENT\\nThat,\",\n", " 0.821088937363074),\n", " (\"her way,\\nThe news is not so tart.--I'll read, and answer.\\nExit\\n\\nALBANY\\nWhere was his son when they did take his eyes?\\nMessenger\\nCome with my lady hither.\\nALBANY\\nHe is not here.\\nMessenger\\nNo, my good lord; I met him back again.\\nALBANY\\nKnows he the wickedness?\\nMessenger\\nAy, my good lord; 'twas he inform'd against him;\\nAnd quit the house on purpose, that their punishment\\nMight have the freer course.\\nALBANY\\nGloucester, I live\\nTo thank thee for the love thou show'dst the king,\\nAnd to revenge thine eyes. Come hither, friend:\\nTell me what more thou know'st.\\nExeunt\\n\\nSCENE III. The French camp near Dover.\\nEnter KENT and a Gentleman\\nKENT\\nWhy the King of France is so suddenly gone back\\nknow you the reason?\\nGentleman\\nSomething he left imperfect in the\\nstate, which since his coming forth is thought\\nof; which imports to the kingdom so much\\nfear and danger, that his personal return was\\nmost required and necessary.\\nKENT\\nWho hath he left behind him general?\\nGentleman\\nThe Marshal of France, Monsieur La \",\n", " 0.8195994380820512),\n", " (\",\\nLay comforts to your bosom; and bestow\\nYour needful counsel to our business,\\nWhich craves the instant use.\\nGLOUCESTER\\nI serve you, madam:\\nYour graces are right welcome.\\nExeunt\\n\\nSCENE II. Before Gloucester's castle.\\nEnter KENT and OSWALD, severally\\nOSWALD\\nGood dawning to thee, friend: art of this house?\\nKENT\\nAy.\\nOSWALD\\nWhere may we set our horses?\\nKENT\\nI' the mire.\\nOSWALD\\nPrithee, if thou lovest me, tell me.\\nKENT\\nI love thee not.\\nOSWALD\\nWhy, then, I care not for thee.\\nKENT\\nIf I had thee in Lipsbury pinfold, I would make thee\\ncare for me.\\nOSWALD\\nWhy dost thou use me thus? I know thee not.\\nKENT\\nFellow, I know thee.\\nOSWALD\\nWhat dost thou know me for?\\nKENT\\nA knave; a rascal; an eater of broken meats; a\\nbase, proud, shallow, beggarly, three-suited,\\nhundred-pound, filthy, worsted-stocking knave; a\\nlily-livered, action-taking knave, a whoreson,\\nglass-gazing, super-serviceable finical rogue;\\none-trunk-inheriting slave; one that wouldst be a\\nbawd, in way of good service, and art nothing but\\nth\",\n", " 0.8179687056055872)]" ] }, "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "vector_db.search_by_text(\"Your servant Kent. Where is your servant Caius?\", k=3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Prompts\n", "\n", "In the following section, we'll be looking at the role of prompts - and how they help us to guide our application in the right direction.\n", "\n", "In this notebook, we're going to rely on the idea of \"zero-shot in-context learning\".\n", "\n", "This is a lot of words to say: \"We will ask it to perform our desired task in the prompt, and provide no examples.\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### XYZRolePrompt\n", "\n", "Before we do that, let's stop and think a bit about how OpenAI's chat models work. \n", "\n", "We know they have roles - as is indicated in the following API [documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat/create#chat/create-messages)\n", "\n", "There are three roles, and they function as follows (taken directly from [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/gpt/chat-completions-api)): \n", "\n", "- `{\"role\" : \"system\"}` : The system message helps set the behavior of the assistant. For example, you can modify the personality of the assistant or provide specific instructions about how it should behave throughout the conversation. However note that the system message is optional and the model’s behavior without a system message is likely to be similar to using a generic message such as \"You are a helpful assistant.\"\n", "- `{\"role\" : \"user\"}` : The user messages provide requests or comments for the assistant to respond to.\n", "- `{\"role\" : \"assistant\"}` : Assistant messages store previous assistant responses, but can also be written by you to give examples of desired behavior.\n", "\n", "The main idea is this: \n", "\n", "1. You start with a system message that outlines how the LLM should respond, what kind of behaviours you can expect from it, and more\n", "2. Then, you can provide a few examples in the form of \"assistant\"/\"user\" pairs\n", "3. Then, you prompt the model with the true \"user\" message.\n", "\n", "In this example, we'll be forgoing the 2nd step for simplicities sake." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#### Utility Functions\n", "\n", "You'll notice that we're using some utility functions from the `aimakerspace` module - let's take a peek at these and see what they're doing!" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##### XYZRolePrompt" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Here we have our `system`, `user`, and `assistant` role prompts. \n", "\n", "Let's take a peek at what they look like:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "class BasePrompt:\n", " def __init__(self, prompt):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Initializes the BasePrompt object with a prompt template.\n", "\n", " :param prompt: A string that can contain placeholders within curly braces\n", " \"\"\"\n", " self.prompt = prompt\n", " self._pattern = re.compile(r\"\\{([^}]+)\\}\")\n", "\n", " def format_prompt(self, **kwargs):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Formats the prompt string using the keyword arguments provided.\n", "\n", " :param kwargs: The values to substitute into the prompt string\n", " :return: The formatted prompt string\n", " \"\"\"\n", " matches = self._pattern.findall(self.prompt)\n", " return self.prompt.format(**{match: kwargs.get(match, \"\") for match in matches})\n", "\n", " def get_input_variables(self):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Gets the list of input variable names from the prompt string.\n", "\n", " :return: List of input variable names\n", " \"\"\"\n", " return self._pattern.findall(self.prompt)\n", "```\n", "\n", "Then we have our `RolePrompt` which laser focuses us on the role pattern found in most API endpoints for LLMs.\n", "\n", "```python\n", "class RolePrompt(BasePrompt):\n", " def __init__(self, prompt, role: str):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Initializes the RolePrompt object with a prompt template and a role.\n", "\n", " :param prompt: A string that can contain placeholders within curly braces\n", " :param role: The role for the message ('system', 'user', or 'assistant')\n", " \"\"\"\n", " super().__init__(prompt)\n", " self.role = role\n", "\n", " def create_message(self, **kwargs):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Creates a message dictionary with a role and a formatted message.\n", "\n", " :param kwargs: The values to substitute into the prompt string\n", " :return: Dictionary containing the role and the formatted message\n", " \"\"\"\n", " return {\"role\": self.role, \"content\": self.format_prompt(**kwargs)}\n", "```\n", "\n", "We'll look at how the `SystemRolePrompt` is constructed to get a better idea of how that extension works:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "class SystemRolePrompt(RolePrompt):\n", " def __init__(self, prompt: str):\n", " super().__init__(prompt, \"system\")\n", "```\n", "\n", "That pattern is repeated for our `UserRolePrompt` and our `AssistantRolePrompt` as well." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##### ChatOpenAI" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Next we have our model, which is converted to a format analagous to libraries like LangChain and LlamaIndex.\n", "\n", "Let's take a peek at how that is constructed:\n", "\n", "```python\n", "class ChatOpenAI:\n", " def __init__(self, model_name: str = \"gpt-3.5-turbo\"):\n", " self.model_name = model_name\n", " self.openai_api_key = os.getenv(\"OPENAI_API_KEY\")\n", " if self.openai_api_key is None:\n", " raise ValueError(\"OPENAI_API_KEY is not set\")\n", "\n", " def run(self, messages, text_only: bool = True):\n", " if not isinstance(messages, list):\n", " raise ValueError(\"messages must be a list\")\n", "\n", " openai.api_key = self.openai_api_key\n", " response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(\n", " model=self.model_name, messages=messages\n", " )\n", "\n", " if text_only:\n", " return response.choices[0].message.content\n", "\n", " return response\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Creating and Prompting OpenAI's `gpt-3.5-turbo`!\n", "\n", "Let's tie all these together and use it to prompt `gpt-3.5-turbo`!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from aimakerspace.openai_utils.prompts import (\n", " UserRolePrompt,\n", " SystemRolePrompt,\n", " AssistantRolePrompt,\n", ")\n", "\n", "from aimakerspace.openai_utils.chatmodel import ChatOpenAI\n", "\n", "chat_openai = ChatOpenAI()\n", "user_prompt_template = \"{content}\"\n", "user_role_prompt = UserRolePrompt(user_prompt_template)\n", "system_prompt_template = (\n", " \"You are an expert in {expertise}, you always answer in a kind way.\"\n", ")\n", "system_role_prompt = SystemRolePrompt(system_prompt_template)\n", "\n", "messages = [\n", " user_role_prompt.create_message(\n", " content=\"What is the best way to write a loop?\"\n", " ),\n", " system_role_prompt.create_message(expertise=\"Python\"),\n", "]\n", "\n", "response = chat_openai.run(messages)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "The best way to write a loop can vary depending on the programming language you are using and the specific context of your code. However, I can provide some general guidelines that can be applied to loops in many programming languages, including Python.\n", "\n", "1. Determine the type of loop:\n", " - \"For\" loop: When you know the number of iterations in advance.\n", " - \"While\" loop: When you want to iterate until a specific condition is met.\n", "\n", "2. Initialize loop variables before the loop begins and update them appropriately within the loop.\n", "\n", "3. Ensure the loop condition is correctly defined for a \"while\" loop, or specify the range of iterations for a \"for\" loop.\n", "\n", "4. Make the loop body concise and focused on a single task. This helps improve code readability and maintainability.\n", "\n", "5. Include appropriate control flow statements like \"break\" and \"continue\" as necessary to control the loop execution.\n", "\n", "6. Handle potential termination conditions, such as limiting the number of iterations or including a condition to break out of the loop.\n", "\n", "7. Consider using built-in functions or features specific to the programming language to simplify the loop structure. For example, Python's \"range()\" function can be useful for iterating a specific number of times.\n", "\n", "8. Comment your code to explain the purpose and logic of the loop, especially if it involves complex operations.\n", "\n", "Remember that writing efficient, clean, and readable code is crucial when it comes to loops. It's also essential to test and debug your loop to ensure it operates as expected and handles all possible scenarios.\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(response)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Retrieval Augmented Question Answering Prompt\n", "\n", "Now we can create a RAQA prompt - which will help our system behave in a way that makes sense!\n", "\n", "There is much you could do here, many tweaks and improvements to be made!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "RAQA_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = \"\"\"\n", "Use the provided context to answer the user's query. \n", "\n", "You may not answer the user's query unless there is specific context in the following text.\n", "\n", "If you do not know the answer, or cannot answer, please respond with \"I don't know\".\n", "\n", "Context:\n", "{context}\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "raqa_prompt = SystemRolePrompt(RAQA_PROMPT_TEMPLATE)\n", "\n", "USER_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = \"\"\"\n", "User Query:\n", "{user_query}\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "user_prompt = UserRolePrompt(USER_PROMPT_TEMPLATE)\n", "\n", "class RetrievalAugmentedQAPipeline:\n", " def __init__(self, llm: ChatOpenAI(), vector_db_retriever: VectorDatabase) -> None:\n", " self.llm = llm\n", " self.vector_db_retriever = vector_db_retriever\n", "\n", " def run_pipeline(self, user_query: str) -> str:\n", " context_list = self.vector_db_retriever.search_by_text(user_query, k=4)\n", " \n", " context_prompt = \"\"\n", " for context in context_list:\n", " context_prompt += context[0] + \"\\n\"\n", "\n", " formatted_system_prompt = raqa_prompt.create_message(context=context_prompt)\n", "\n", " formatted_user_prompt = user_prompt.create_message(user_query=user_query)\n", " \n", " return self.llm.run([formatted_system_prompt, formatted_user_prompt])" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "retrieval_augmented_qa_pipeline = RetrievalAugmentedQAPipeline(\n", " vector_db_retriever=vector_db,\n", " llm=chat_openai\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 30, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'King Lear is a character in the play \"King Lear\" by William Shakespeare. He is the king of Britain and the father of three daughters. The play revolves around his decision to divide his kingdom among his daughters based on their flattery of him, which ultimately leads to tragedy and his descent into madness.'" ] }, "execution_count": 30, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "retrieval_augmented_qa_pipeline.run_pipeline(\"Who is King Lear?\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Visibility Tooling\n", "\n", "This is great, but what if we wanted to add some visibility to our pipeline?\n", "\n", "Let's use Weights and Biases as a visibility tool!\n", "\n", "The first thing we'll need to do is create a Weights and Biases account and get an API key. \n", "\n", "You can follow the process outlined [here](https://docs.wandb.ai/quickstart) to do exactly that!" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Now we can get the Weights and Biases dependency and add our key to our env. to begin!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "!pip install -q -U wandb" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "wandb_key = getpass(\"Weights and Biases API Key: \")\n", "os.environ[\"WANDB_API_KEY\"] = wandb_key" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import wandb\n", "\n", "os.environ[\"WANDB_NOTEBOOK_NAME\"] = \"Python RAQA Example.ipynb\"\n", "wandb.init(project=\"Visibility Example\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Now we can integrate Weights and Biases into our `RetrievalAugmentedQAPipeline`.\n", "\n", "```python\n", "if self.wandb_project:\n", " root_span = Trace(\n", " name=\"root_span\",\n", " kind=\"llm\",\n", " status_code=status,\n", " status_message=status_message,\n", " start_time_ms=start_time,\n", " end_time_ms=end_time,\n", " metadata={\n", " \"token_usage\" : token_usage\n", " },\n", " inputs= {\"system_prompt\" : formatted_system_prompt, \"user_prompt\" : formatted_user_prompt},\n", " outputs= {\"response\" : response_text}\n", " )\n", "\n", " root_span.log(name=\"openai_trace\")\n", "```\n", "\n", "The main things to consider here are how to populate the various fields to make sure we're tracking useful information. \n", "\n", "We'll use the `text_only` flag to ensure we can get detailed information about our LLM call!\n", "\n", "You can check out all the parameters for Weights and Biases `Trace` [here](https://github.com/wandb/wandb/blob/653015a014281f45770aaf43627f64d9c4f04a32/wandb/sdk/data_types/trace_tree.py#L166)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import datetime\n", "from wandb.sdk.data_types.trace_tree import Trace\n", "\n", "class RetrievalAugmentedQAPipeline:\n", " def __init__(self, llm: ChatOpenAI(), vector_db_retriever: VectorDatabase, wandb_project = None) -> None:\n", " self.llm = llm\n", " self.vector_db_retriever = vector_db_retriever\n", " self.wandb_project = wandb_project\n", "\n", " def run_pipeline(self, user_query: str) -> str:\n", " context_list = self.vector_db_retriever.search_by_text(user_query, k=4)\n", " \n", " context_prompt = \"\"\n", " for context in context_list:\n", " context_prompt += context[0] + \"\\n\"\n", "\n", " formatted_system_prompt = raqa_prompt.create_message(context=context_prompt)\n", "\n", " formatted_user_prompt = user_prompt.create_message(user_query=user_query)\n", "\n", " \n", " start_time = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() * 1000\n", "\n", " try:\n", " openai_response = self.llm.run([formatted_system_prompt, formatted_user_prompt], text_only=False)\n", " end_time = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() * 1000\n", " status = \"success\"\n", " status_message = (None, )\n", " response_text = openai_response.choices[0].message.content\n", " token_usage = openai_response[\"usage\"].to_dict()\n", " model = openai_response[\"model\"]\n", "\n", " except Exception as e:\n", " end_time = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() * 1000\n", " status = \"error\"\n", " status_message = str(e)\n", " response_text = \"\"\n", " token_usage = {}\n", " model = \"\"\n", "\n", " if self.wandb_project:\n", " root_span = Trace(\n", " name=\"root_span\",\n", " kind=\"llm\",\n", " status_code=status,\n", " status_message=status_message,\n", " start_time_ms=start_time,\n", " end_time_ms=end_time,\n", " metadata={\n", " \"token_usage\" : token_usage,\n", " \"model_name\" : model\n", " },\n", " inputs= {\"system_prompt\" : formatted_system_prompt, \"user_prompt\" : formatted_user_prompt},\n", " outputs= {\"response\" : response_text}\n", " )\n", "\n", " root_span.log(name=\"openai_trace\")\n", " \n", " return response_text if response_text else \"We ran into an error. Please try again later. Full Error Message: \" + status_message" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "retrieval_augmented_qa_pipeline = RetrievalAugmentedQAPipeline(\n", " vector_db_retriever=vector_db,\n", " llm=chat_openai,\n", " wandb_project=\"LLM Visibility Example\"\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"I don't know.\"" ] }, "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "retrieval_augmented_qa_pipeline.run_pipeline(\"Who is Batman?\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Cordelia dies in King Lear's arms.\"" ] }, "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "retrieval_augmented_qa_pipeline.run_pipeline(\"What happens to Cordelia?\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "\n", "abc is\n", "\n", "hello\n", "\n", "tta\n", "\n", "\n", "\n" ] } ], "source": [ " z= f\"\"\"\n", "tta\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "y = f\"\"\"\n", "hello\n", "{z}\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "x = f\"\"\"\n", "abc is\n", "{y}\n", "\"\"\"\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "print(x)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Navigate to the Weights and Biases \"run\" link to see how your LLM is performing!\n", "\n", "```\n", "View run at YOUR LINK HERE\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Conclusion\n", "\n", "In this notebook, we've gone through the steps required to create your own simple RAQA application!\n", "\n", "Please feel free to extend this as much as you'd like. " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Bonus Challenges\n", "\n", "Challenge 1: \n", "- Implement a new distance measure\n", "- Implement a more efficient vector search\n", "\n", "Challenge 2: \n", "- Create an external VectorStore that can be run/hosted elsewhere\n", "- Build an adapter for that VectorStore here" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.11.4" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 4 }