Pathogen_Type,Pathogen_Name,Key_Symptoms,Physical_Findings,Lab_Results,Patient_Demographics,Diagnostic_Methods,Treatment,Prevention,Complications,Transmission,Incubation_Period
Enterobius vermicularis,Enterobius vermicularis,"abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, absolute constipation, progressive abdominal pain","tinkling bowel sounds on auscultation, obvious dilated loops of bowel, numerous white threadworms in the colon",histological analysis demonstrated pseudotumour related to Enterobius vermicularis infection,"60-year-old male, history of surgical intervention, no history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease","intravenous Hartmann's solution, intravenous analgesia, antibiotics and piperacillin/tazobactam, intraoperative colonoscopy, diagnostic laparoscopy, histological analysis","intravenous Hartmann's solution, intravenous analgesia, antibiotics and piperacillin/tazobactam, emergency Hartman’s procedure, intraoperative removal of mass","practicing good hygiene and sanitation, prompt medical attention for symptoms","large-bowel obstruction, pseudotumour formation","faecal-oral route, contamination of soil and surfaces with eggs",varies but commonly 2-8 weeks
SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19,"Fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain",Reduced breath sounds on both lungs with coarse crackles at the left lower zone,"{""FiO2"": ""0.8 with 60 L/min flow"", ""CRP"": ""70.2 mg/L"", ""PCT"": ""0.33 ng/mL"", ""Serum Ferritin"": ""2537 ng/mL"", ""Hemoglobin"": ""153 g/L"", ""Total White Cell Count"": ""12.4 x 10^9/L"", ""Renal Function"": ""Normal"", ""Liver Function"": ""Normal""}","54-year-old man, weight=62 kg, height=1.72 m","HRCT, nasopharyngeal swab for real-time reverse transcription–PCR, blood and sputum culture","Methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg two times per day, Continuous Venous Hemodialysis Filteration (CVVHDF) with oXiris filter",None specified in the text,"Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), superinfected bacterial pneumonia",Close contact with COVID-19 positive son,5 days
Bartonella,"Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana","fever, progressive confusion, mild bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right pleural effusion, left mid and lower lung zone airspace opacities most consistent with atelectasis","mild bilateral pleural effusions, left greater than right pleural effusion, left mid and lower lung zone airspace opacities","{""Bartonella henselae IgG"": ""1:4096"", ""Bartonella quintana IgG"": ""1:512"", ""Bartonella IgM"": ""positive"", ""PCR testing"": ""not performed"", ""Blood cultures"": ""negative"", ""Complete blood count"": ""mild hyponatremia to 134 meq/L and transaminitis of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 51 U/L"", ""Chest X-ray"": ""mild pulmonary oedema and left greater than right effusion""}",60-year-old male,"PCR testing, blood cultures, serological tests","intravenous doxycycline 100 mg two times per day, intravenous rifampin 300 mg two times per day for 4 weeks","adequate antimicrobial therapy for Bartonella, avoidance of cat scratches and bites","pulmonary manifestations, central nervous system involvement","cat scratches and bites, arthropod vectors such as ticks, lice, chiggers and mosquitoes",variable
Bacteria,Treponema pallidum,"neurological symptoms, limbic encephalitis, altered behavior, impaired awareness","cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, mesiotemporal lobe hyperintensity","persistently active CSF analysis, positive serum syphilis antibodies",man in his 50s,"MRI brain, CSF analysis","corticosteroid treatment, benzyplencillin therapy",treatment of syphilis,"neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction",sexually transmitted infection,not specified
N. meningitidis,Neisseria meningitidis,"fever, headache, neck stiffness, rigors, confusion, purpuric rash","purpuric rash, moderate neck stiffness","positive bacterial PCR for N. meningitidis, positive nasopharyngeal RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2","22-year-old woman, no medical history, normally working full-time in a supermarket","bacterial PCR, nasopharyngeal RT-PCR",intravenous ceftriaxone,"vaccination against N. meningitidis serogroup C in childhood, not recently vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2",none,"respiratory droplets, nasopharyngeal viral shedding","unknown for SARS-CoV-2, 2 weeks for N. meningitidis"
SARS-CoV-2,"Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA","fever, cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, headache, nausea, sore throat, myalgias","tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, crepitation on auscultation, leukocytosis","positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR, positive Legionella urine antigen, positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) culture, positive blood culture for MRSA","50-year-old man, no known medical history, recent travel history, work-related exposure","PCR testing, urine antigen testing, blood culture, sputum culture","remdesivir, deamethasone, baricitinib, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline","vaccination, social distancing, personal protective equipment, hand hygiene","pneumonia, acute kidney injury, thrombosis","respiratory droplets, fecal-oral route, direct contact","2-14 days for SARS-CoV-2, 2-10 days for Legionella, 2 days for MRSA"
bacterial,Escherichia coli,"abnormal movements, fever, dysuria, lower abdominal pain","truncal ataxia, multidirectional saccades","elevated inflammatory markers, positive urine culture for E. coli, normal CSF protein",elderly gentleman,"urine analysis, X-ray, contrast-enhanced CT, brain imaging with MRI","intravenous antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulin, oral prednisolone",treating underlying infections,neurological symptoms lasting over 1 year,bacterial urinary tract infection,not specified
tick-borne parasitic infection,Babesiosis,"fever, chills, lower abdominal and back pain, sore throat, diarrhea, decreased urine output","anemia, elevated liver enzymes, intravascular hemolysis","haemoglobin 90 g/L, white cell count 5.2×10⁹/L, platelet count 46×10⁹/L, blood urea nitrogen 43 mg/dL, creatinine 4.36 mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase 1771 U/L, aspartate transaminase 131 U/L,  total bilirubin 0.6 mg/dL","60-year-old Asian woman, medical history of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue","blood tests, haemoglobinuria, biliuninaemia, proteinuria, ultrasound, chest X-ray, CT abdomen/pelvis, blood cultures, LDH, Coombs test, peripheral blood smear","intravenous volume resucitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, vasopressors, intravenous haemodialysis, antimicrobial therapy","avoid tick bites, wear protective clothing, use tick repellents","renal failure, intravascular hemolysis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)","tick bite, intravenous transmission",varying incubation period
Pneumocystis jirovecii,Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia,"Non-productive cough, Generalised weakness, Fever, Dyspnoea, Anorexia, Weight loss, Fatigue","Tachypnoea, Racemic tachycardia, Decreased oxygen saturation","WBC: 2.6x10^9/l, Haemoglobin: 77g/l, Haematocrit: 23.7%, Platelet count: 254x10^9/l, Coccidioides antibody IgM: 1:16, HIV viral load: 1.25x10^6 copies/mL, CD4 count: 7 cells/µL","60-year-old woman, HIV-positive, AIDS-related illness","CT scan, Bronchoscopy, Histological examination, Immunostaining, PCR","Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Bicillin, Prednisone","Antiretroviral therapy, Pneumocystis prophylaxis, Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","Acute respiratory failure, Hypoxemia","Spread from person to person through the air, Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk","Unknown, but progression can be rapid"
Histoplasma capsulatum,Histoplasma capsulatum,"cough, fever, weakness, lacups, fever, ulcer","small ulcer measuring 2.5x3.6 cm at the anterior hard palate, bilateral nodules in the lungs with military pattern","elevated protein at 1500 mg/L, histoplasmosis antigen positive at 0.47 ng/mL, serum histoplasma antigen detected at >15 ng/mL, normal CSF fungal culture but weakly positive histoplasma antigen, negative results for other fungal workups, BAL, acid-fast Bacillus culture, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR, normal MRI of the brain","60-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease status postrenal transplantation","histoplasmosis antigen test, CT scan, biopsy, PCR, serum cryptococcal antigen, histoplasma antigen, cerebrospinal fluid analysis","amphotericin B therapy, itraconazole 200 mg two times per day for 1 year, secondary prophylaxis for disseminated histoplasmosis infection",prompt diagnosis and treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis for a good clinical outcome,"disseminated histoplasmosis, miliary pulmonary tuberculosis","respiratory route, inhalation of spores from contaminated soil or bird droppings","variable, typically 10-17 days"
Bacteria,Klebsiella,"weakness, cough, abdominal pain, positive blood cultures, fever, chills","tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal tenderness, hepatosplenomegaly","positive blood cultures for ESBL Klebsiella, elevated white cell count, negative blood cultures on discharge","woman in her 50s, history of cirrhosis, alcohol use disorder, primary biliary cholangitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","translocation via TIPS, biliary tract origin, abdominal wall cellulitis, Strongyloides serology","intravenous meropenem, ivermectin for Strongyloides","adequate medical therapy for underlying disease, testing and treating for Strongyloides","recurrent bacteremia, hepatosplenomegaly","bloodstream infection, biliary tract infection","unknown for bacteremia, unknown for Strongyloides"
Fungus,Fusarium falciforme,"Progressive left foot swelling, Nodules, sinuses and pale grain discharge, Painful on walking and standing","Enlarged left foot with multiple pustules and discharging sinuses, Tender on palpation, Yellow gritty sand-like materials on surgical debulking","Histopathological findings: foci of sepitate fungal hyphae, Culture: No growth, Molecular identification: Fusarium falciforme","Middle-aged man, History of recurrent foot injuries from oil palm thorns","Histopathology, Microscopic examination, Molecular sequencing of rDNA ITS1, ITS4 and large subunit regions","Surgical debulking, Oral itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 9 months","Avoidance of injury and contamination, Proper wound care and treatment","Recurrent infection, Chronic inflammation and tissue damage","Soil contamination, Injury with contaminated materials","Variable, but can present late after initial injury"
Bacterial,Escherichia coli,"Abnormal movements, Fever, Dysuria, Lower abdominal pain","Tremor, Multidirectional saccades, Truncal ataxia","Elevated inflammatory markers, Positive urine culture for E. coli, Positive CSF for E. coli, Normal EEG",Elderly gentleman,"Clinical examination, Urine analysis, CSF analysis, EEG","Intravenous antibiotics, Intravenous steroids",Early detection and treatment of underlying causes,"Recurrent UTI, Potential long-term neurological issues",Urinary tract infection,Not specified
Fulminant necrotizing amoebic colitis and COVID-19,Entamoeba histolytica and SARS-CoV-2,"Sudden abdominal pain, Bloody stool, Fever, Dry cough, Malaise, Severe hypoalbuminemia, Hypokalemia, Hypertension","Distended, tender and guarded abdomen, Exaggerated bowel sounds, Grossly distended bowel loops, Extensive gangrenous changes","{""COVID-19"": ""Positive on RT-PCR"", ""Leukocyte count"": ""326.27 mg/L"", ""Procalcitonin"": ""36 \u00b5g/mL"", ""Interleukin-6"": ""1006 pg/mL"", ""LDH"": ""487 U/L"", ""Ferritin"": ""6736.66 ng/mL""}","80s, female","RT-PCR testing, CT scan","Emergency exploratory laparotomy, Packed cell transfusion, Intravenous antibiotics, Intravenous fluids and electrolytes, Total parenteral nutrition, Mechanical compression device for venous thrombosis prevention","Prompt surgical intervention, Appropriate intensive care management","Severe hypoalbuminemia, Hypokalemia, Hypertension, Kidney injury, Deep vein thrombosis","Fecal-oral route, Aerosol transmission (for COVID-19)","Variable, 2-14 days (for COVID-19), Viral shedding up to 33 days"
Ureaplasma parvum,Ureaplasma parvum,"meningitis, fever, headache, impaired hearing, light sensitivity, headache, lethargic, irritable, acute brain herniation","leukocytosis, increased protein, normal CSF glucose, high CSF lactate, normal CSF leucocytes, abnormal CSF parameters, meningeal biopsy, thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, strider","positive CSF PCR for Ureaplasma parvum, negative bacterial cultures, negative PCR for fungal DNA, negative PCR for Ureaplasma urealyticum, positive 16S rRNA PCR for Ureaplasma parvum DNA, negative bacterial DNA PCR","immunocompromised teenager, female, late teens","CT scan, lumbar puncture, cerebral CT, MRI, PCR, 16S rRNA PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), cranial CT venography","meropenem, acidovir, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, liposomal amphotericin B, linezolid, doxycycline, quinolone, metronidazole","macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, quinolones","brain herniation, cerebral edema, thrombosis","intracellular bacteria, Ureaplasma species",not specified
Viral,Kawasaki Disease (KD),"High-grade fever, Maculopapular rash, Conjunctivitis, Strawberry tongue, Erythema of hands and feet, Cervical lymphadenopathy","Enlarged coronary artery, Dilated coronary artery, Mild tricuspid valve regurgitation, Good biventricular function","Elevated inflammatory markers, Positive PCR for human adenovirus, Negative PCR for rickettsia and viral panel, Negative blood culture, Negative throat swab culture","Female siblings, Early and middle childhood, History of autoimmune disease in maternal grandmother, Guillain-Barré syndrome in maternal great-grandmother","Echocardiography, PCR sequencing, Complete blood count, Urine analysis, Rapid antigen detection test","IVIG 2 g/kg, Aspirin 5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks",Avoidance of triggers and early treatment of infections,"Coronary artery aneurysms, Heart failure, Arrythmias, Haemodynamic instability",Fecal-oral route and respiratory droplets,"Unknown, but symptoms develop within weeks"
Bacteria,Bartonella henselae,"Fever, Shortness of breath, Intermittent fever, Perspiration, Conjunctivitis","Mild right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy, Tachycardia, Tachypnoea, Mild hypotension","{""CRP"": ""3.9 mg/L"", ""eGFR"": ""90 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2"", ""Urea"": ""7.1 mmol/L"", ""Creatinine"": ""106 \u00b5mol/L"", ""Alkaline phosphatase"": ""97 U/L"", ""AST"": ""175 U/L"", ""ALT"": ""146 U/L"", ""Bartonella henselae IgM"": ""Positive"", ""HBsAg"": ""Negative"", ""Hepatitis B anti-HBc"": ""Negative"", ""HCV"": ""Negative"", ""HIV"": ""Negative"", ""D-dimer"": ""2.01 mg/mL"", ""hs-TnT"": ""2278 ng/L""}","Mid-30s, Male, Cat owner, No recent travel or contact with stagnant water","Cardiac MRI, Echocardiogram, CT angiography, Blood cultures, PCR analysis","Antibiotics (azithromycin), IV antibiotics (penicillin and gentamicin), Treatments for heart failure","Avoiding cat scratches and bites, Wearing gloves when handling cats","Heart failure, Pulmonary oedema","Cat scratch, Bite or lick from an infected cat","Variable, but typically 1–4 weeks"
Neonatal nephrotic syndrome,Klebsiella pneumoniae,"Anasarca (severe edema), Generalised swelling over body, Hypoalbuminemia, Nephrotic range proteinuria","Non-specific mild dermatitis, Pale, edematous, and painful abdominal wall, Pleurial effusion and TFE, Tense abdomen and significant weight gain, Maculopapular rash over trunk and extremities","Urine output: 3–4 ml/kg/hour, Urine protein creatinine ratio: 95/0, Urine culture: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Urine protein: 2.16 g/dL, Urine culture: No growth, WBCs: 13.5 x 10^9/L, Hb: 9.1 g/dL, Platelet count: 184 x 10^9/L","Male neonate born at 38 weeks of gestation, Birth weight of 3.1 kg, Appropriate for gestation age","Serum protein electrophoresis, Urine culture, Blood culture, CSF evaluation for meningitis","Broadspectrum antibiotics: Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Intravenous immunoglobulin, Suppository support for renal failure, Dynamic fluid management, Enteral feeding: Gradually increased calorie and protein intake","Early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, Prophylactic antibiotics for neonates with sepsis, Regular monitoring of fluid balance and renal function","Renal failure, Sepsis, Neonatal mortality, Hypoalbuminemia, Pleural effusion","Vertical transmission from mother to neonate, Nosocomial infection",Symptoms onset shortly after birth
fungal,Histoplasma capsulatum,"fever, chills, productive cough, fatigue, functional decline, anorexia, myalgias, respiratory distress, peripheral oedema, worsening abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly","enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, lymphadenopathy, epigastric tenderness, leprosy lesions on arms, legs, and face","anaemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, elevated LDH, positive histoplasma urine antigen, disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow biopsy","63-year-old male, resident of southern Kentucky, of Micronesian descent, long-standing history of lepromatous leprosy, MDT for HD, Addison's disease on corticosteroids, afebrile with tachycardia","CT scans, bone marrow biopsy, laboratory tests for histoplasma, culture and histology of bone marrow","liposomal amphotericin B, itraconazole, high-dose steroids, supportive care including fluids and electrolytes","prophylactic antifungal therapy, regular screening for fungal infections, multidisciplinary team approach","disseminated histoplasmosis, hepatosplenomegaly, pancreatitis, sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction, fatal outcome","haematogenous spread, intravascular haematogenous spread",not specified
Neurocysticercosis (NCC),Taenia solium,"persistent nausea, vomiting, hiccups","seizures, headache, focal neurodeficits","ring-enhancing lesion in dorsal medulla oblongata, eosinophilic cysts in brain tissue","middle-aged Asian man, unremarkable medical background","MRI of brain, cerebrospinal fluid examination, serological tests for cysticercal antibodies","antibiotics, steroids, antiemetic therapy, anti-helminthic therapy","pork-cysticercus infection control, public health measures to prevent taenia solium transmission","intractable hiccups, refractory seizures, social embarrassment","ingestion of viable cysts of Taenia solium, faeco-oral route","variable, depending on the part of the neuroaxis involved"
fungal,"Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis","urinary tract obstruction, fungemia, renal failure, bladder rupture","vesical fungal balls, obstructive uropathy, urothelial carcinoma","fungus and fungal spores in urine culture, Candida albicans in urine culture, detachment of epithelial cells and cancer cells in urine","male, type 2 diabetes, history of anthrax and corticosteroid use","cystoscopy, ultrasound, CT scan, histological examination","intravenous empiric antibiotics, nephrostomy, antifungal agents","strict asepsis, sterilisation protocols, controlled diabetes","urinary tract obstruction, urothelial carcinoma","urinary tract infections, catheter use, diabetes mellitus",not specified
"Bacterial, Fungal","Streptococcus anginosus, S. intermedius, Candida glabrata, P. mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Prevotella oris, Fusobacterium spp, Haemophilus influenzae, P. brucea, Chryseobacterium hierrooxidans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. gingivalis, P. stomatis, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, Bacteria (not further specified)","Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Fever, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Haemoptysis, Hematuria, Dysuria, Flank pain, Urethral discharge","Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Hypotension, Decreased breath sounds, Rales, Abnormal heart sounds, Abdominal tenderness, Guaiac-positive stool, Oedema, Jaundice, Fever, Chest discomfort, Leukocytosis, Eosinophilia, Pericardial effusion","Elevated white cell count, Positive blood culture for Streptococcus anginosus, S. intermedius, and Candida glabrata, Positive pericardial fluid culture for P. mirabilis, Positive stool culture for Bacteroides fragilis, Positive urine culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, Positive pericardial fluid culture for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Prevotella oris, and Fusobacterium spp, Positive blood culture for Haemophilus influenzae, Positive pleural fluid culture for P. brucea, Positive pleural fluid culture for Chryseobacterium hierrooxidans, Positive pericardial fluid culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Positive pericardial fluid culture for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Positive blood culture for P. gingivalis, Positive intra-abdominal abscess culture for P. stomatis, Positive blood culture for P. melaninogenica, Positive blood culture for P. intermedia, Positive culture for unspecified bacteria","Age: 34, Sex: Male, Age: 58, Sex: Male, Age: 43, Sex: Male, Age: 49, Sex: Male, Age: 17, Sex: Male, Age: 53, Sex: Male, Age: 62, Sex: Male, Age: 52, Sex: Female, Age: 21, Sex: Female, Age: 55, Sex: Male, Age: 61, Sex: Male, Age: 88, Sex: Female, Age: 63, Sex: Male, Age: 54, Sex: Male","Echocardiogram, Endoscopy, CT scan, Blood culture, Urine culture, Stool culture, Pleural fluid culture, Percardial fluid culture","Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antifungals: fluconazole, 400 mg loading dose followed by 200 mg daily, Surgical: pericardial window placement, pericardiectomy, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours, Antibiotics: ceftriaxone, 2 g daily; ampicillin-sulbactam, 3 g every 6 hours","Maintain sterile technique during invasive procedures, Administer prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures, Practice good hygiene and handwashing, Avoid immunosuppressive therapy if possible, Monitor for signs of infection post-surgery, Maintain a healthy immune system","Septic shock, Cardiogenic shock, Multiorgan failure, Pericardial effusion, Pneumonia, Septic arthritis, Endocarditis, Abscess formation, Perforation of gastrointestinal tract, Pericardial tamponade, Pleural effusion, Empyema, Cardiac arrest, Death","Direct inoculation during surgical procedures, Hematogenous spread from a distant focus of infection, Contiguous spread from an adjacent organ, Ascending infection from the gastrointestinal tract, Transmission via blood transfusion or organ transplant, Person-to-person contact","Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, 1-2 days, 24-48 hours, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, Immediate, Immediate, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, Immediate, Immediate, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, Immediate, Immediate, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, Immediate, Immediate, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection, Immediate, Immediate, Variable, depending on the pathogen and the route of infection"
"bacterial, fungal","Stenotrophomonas, Candida","redness, pain, loss of vision","corneal infiltrate, granulomatous inflammation, stromal keratitis, episcleral congestion","bacterial and fungal culture positive, gram-positive spores on H&E staining","male, age not specified, farmer","culture, histopathological analysis, H&E staining","topical antibiotics, 5% sodium azide eyewashes, exenteration, penetrating keratoplasty","conjunctival scraping or biopsy, early diagnosis and treatment, follow-up","recurrent corneal erosions, episcleral defect",contaminated water or trauma,not specified
Leishmaniasis,Leishmania donovani,"pleural effusion, cytopenia, bone marrow biopsy, hypoalbuminaemia, shortness of breath, chest pain","pleural effusion, pleural thickening, right-sided chest pain, small segmental pulmonary emboli, tiny deep vein thrombosis","raised D dimer, raised C reactive protein, raised D-dimer, raised C-reactive protein, raised IgG kappa protein bands (18 g/L), raised of liver autoantibodies, anti-liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies, anti-glycoprotein 210, elevated liver enzymes, raised albumin/globulin ratio","80-year-old female, immunocompetent patient, background of pleuritic chest pains, immunosuppression due to arthritic condition","bone marrow biopsy, pleural fluid analysis, CT scan, PCR testing, liver screen, ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy","intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, intravenous ceftriaxone, intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, liver autoantibodies test, anti-liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies test, anti-glycoprotein 210 test","avoiding parasitic invasion of the liver, using insecticides, preventing parasitaemia","hypoalbuminaemia, pleural effusion, pitting oedema, recurrence of disease, renal impairment",bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies,unknown
Aspergillus,Aspergillus fumigatus,"lesions on inner thigh, erythema, pain, drainage, skin lesions, fever, night sweats, weight loss, bone pain, general malaise","subcutaneous abscess, hyperpigmentation, lymphadenopathy, cutaneous lesions, hepatic abscess, renal and subcutaneous abscesses, asymptomatic, anorexia, fatigue","beta-D glucan assay positive (>300pg/ml), blood cultures negative, serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen positive (1.32), CT scan demonstrating abscesses and lesions","60-year-old female, history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes","biopsy, CT scan, beta-D glucan assay, serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen","intravenous voriconazole, surgical incision and drainage, oral posaconazole, antimicrobial therapy","prophylactic antifungal therapy, dermatologic surveillance, prophylactic triazoles","cutaneous abscess, hepatic abscess, renal abscess, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions",inhalation of spores from an environmental source,unknown but typically 1-2 weeks after transplantation
Ascaris lumbricoides,Ascaris lumbricoides,"Abdominal pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Steady epigastric pain, Passage of worms","Tender abdomen, Pulses full and regular, Normal vital signs, Anorectal disease for 10 years, History of bronchial asthma","Elevated serum lipase, Presence of A. lumbricoides ova, Negative antinuclear antibody test, Negative serum ALT level, Mild acute pancreatitis","22-year-old pregnant female, Second trimester, No known allergies or past surgeries, Occasional alcoholic drinker","MRCP, Ultrasound, Fecal viability study","Conservative management, Pain management, Intravenous hydration and diet progression","Improving sanitation and hygiene, Mass chemotherapy","Local complications, Walled-off necrosis (WON)","Fecal-oral route, Ingestion of food or water contaminated by mature ova",Variable