Question: What is in the motorcyclist's mouth? There're some choices: A. toothpick, B. food, C. popsicle stick, D. cigarette. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man riding a motorcycle on a street. He is wearing a helmet and appears to be enjoying his ride. There are several other people in the scene, some of whom are also riding motorcycles.   In addition to the motorcycles, there are two cars visible in the image, one on the left side and another on the right side of the street. A backpack can be seen placed on the ground near the left side of the scene.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is in the motorcyclist's mouth? There're some choices: A. toothpick, B. food, C. popsicle stick, D. cigarette. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man riding a motorcycle on a street. He is wearing a helmet and appears to be enjoying his ride. There are several other people in the scene, some of whom are also riding motorcycles.   In addition to the motorcycles, there are two cars visible in the image, one on the left side and another on the right side of the street. A backpack can be seen placed on the ground near the left side of the scene.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The motorcyclist has a cigarette in his mouth.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is D. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is in the motorcyclist's mouth? There're some choices: A. toothpick, B. food, C. popsicle stick, D. cigarette. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man riding a motorcycle on a street. He is wearing a helmet and appears to be enjoying his ride. There are several other people in the scene, some of whom are also riding motorcycles.   In addition to the motorcycles, there are two cars visible in the image, one on the left side and another on the right side of the street. A backpack can be seen placed on the ground near the left side of the scene.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the object in the motorcyclist's mouth.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The motorcyclist has a cigarette in his mouth.

Answer: D

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is in the motorcyclist's mouth?) = The motorcyclist has a cigarette in his mouth.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What is in the motorcyclist's mouth? There're some choices: A. toothpick, B. food, C. popsicle stick, D. cigarette. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = D


Question: Which number birthday is probably being celebrated? There're some choices: A. one, B. ten, C. nine, D. thirty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table with a birthday cake and a teddy bear cake on it. The teddy bear cake is positioned in the center of the table, while the birthday cake is located towards the right side. The table also has a cup placed near the right edge.  There are two people in the scene, one standing near the left edge of the image and the other person standing closer to the right side. A chair can be seen in the background, positioned near the right edge of the table.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: Which number birthday is probably being celebrated? There're some choices: A. one, B. ten, C. nine, D. thirty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table with a birthday cake and a teddy bear cake on it. The teddy bear cake is positioned in the center of the table, while the birthday cake is located towards the right side. The table also has a cup placed near the right edge.  There are two people in the scene, one standing near the left edge of the image and the other person standing closer to the right side. A chair can be seen in the background, positioned near the right edge of the table.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The candles on the cake are small in size.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is Based on the size of the candles, it is likely that a first birthday is being celebrated.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer which number birthday is probably being celebrated based on the candle size.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: Which number birthday is probably being celebrated? There're some choices: A. one, B. ten, C. nine, D. thirty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table with a birthday cake and a teddy bear cake on it. The teddy bear cake is positioned in the center of the table, while the birthday cake is located towards the right side. The table also has a cup placed near the right edge.  There are two people in the scene, one standing near the left edge of the image and the other person standing closer to the right side. A chair can be seen in the background, positioned near the right edge of the table.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the size of the candles on the cake.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer which number birthday is probably being celebrated based on the candle size. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The candles on the cake are small in size.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The candles on the cake are small in size. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is Based on the size of the candles, it is likely that a first birthday is being celebrated.

Answer: D

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the size of the candles on the cake?) = The candles on the cake are small in size.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: Which number birthday is probably being celebrated based on the candle size?) = Based on the size of the candles, it is likely that a first birthday is being celebrated.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: Which number birthday is probably being celebrated? There're some choices: A. one, B. ten, C. nine, D. thirty. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What best describes the pool of water? There're some choices: A. frozen, B. fresh, C. dirty, D. boiling. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four giraffes standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned under a tree, with some of them reaching up to eat the leaves. The giraffes are spread out in the field, with one on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two on the right side. The scene captures the natural behavior of these animals as they interact with their environment.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What best describes the pool of water? There're some choices: A. frozen, B. fresh, C. dirty, D. boiling. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four giraffes standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned under a tree, with some of them reaching up to eat the leaves. The giraffes are spread out in the field, with one on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two on the right side. The scene captures the natural behavior of these animals as they interact with their environment.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The pool of water is empty.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The pool of water is empty.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is B. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what best describes the pool of water.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What best describes the pool of water? There're some choices: A. frozen, B. fresh, C. dirty, D. boiling. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four giraffes standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned under a tree, with some of them reaching up to eat the leaves. The giraffes are spread out in the field, with one on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two on the right side. The scene captures the natural behavior of these animals as they interact with their environment.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the state of the pool of water.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what best describes the pool of water. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The pool of water is empty.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The pool of water is empty. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The pool of water is empty.

Answer: C

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the state of the pool of water?) = The pool of water is empty.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What best describes the pool of water?) = The pool of water is empty.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What best describes the pool of water? There're some choices: A. frozen, B. fresh, C. dirty, D. boiling. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = B


Question: What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes? There're some choices: A. butter, B. mayo, C. ice cream, D. icing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person's hand holding a cupcake with a cherry on top. The cupcake is placed on a tray, and the person is in the process of picking it up. There are several other cupcakes in the scene, with some placed on the tray and others scattered around.  In addition to the cupcakes, there is a bottle located towards the top right corner of the image. The overall scene appears to be a casual gathering or celebration where people are enjoying cupcakes.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes? There're some choices: A. butter, B. mayo, C. ice cream, D. icing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person's hand holding a cupcake with a cherry on top. The cupcake is placed on a tray, and the person is in the process of picking it up. There are several other cupcakes in the scene, with some placed on the tray and others scattered around.  In addition to the cupcakes, there is a bottle located towards the top right corner of the image. The overall scene appears to be a casual gathering or celebration where people are enjoying cupcakes.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The white substance on top of the cupcakes is frosting.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is Frosting is commonly known as icing.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is D. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the white substance is commonly known as.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes? There're some choices: A. butter, B. mayo, C. ice cream, D. icing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person's hand holding a cupcake with a cherry on top. The cupcake is placed on a tray, and the person is in the process of picking it up. There are several other cupcakes in the scene, with some placed on the tray and others scattered around.  In addition to the cupcakes, there is a bottle located towards the top right corner of the image. The overall scene appears to be a casual gathering or celebration where people are enjoying cupcakes.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the white substance on top of the cupcakes.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the white substance is commonly known as. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The white substance on top of the cupcakes is frosting.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The white substance on top of the cupcakes is frosting. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is Frosting is commonly known as icing.

Answer: D

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes?) = The white substance on top of the cupcakes is frosting.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is frosting commonly known as?) = Frosting is commonly known as icing.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes? There're some choices: A. butter, B. mayo, C. ice cream, D. icing. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = D


Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is B. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the device next to the laptop.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.

Answer: B

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop?) = A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = B


Question: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is Horns. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is Goats are also known for having horns.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is A. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer which other creature is known for having a similar feature.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the thing on the animal to the left's head.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer which other creature is known for having a similar feature. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is Horns

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is Horns The execution result for Subgoal 2 is Goats are also known for having horns.

Answer: A

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is on the animal to the left's head?) = Horns

R2 = QA([R1], Question: Which other creature is known for having horns?) = Goats are also known for having horns.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What is the appliance the woman is holding used for? There're some choices: A. cutting hair, B. brushing teeth, C. drying hair, D. painting nails. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person standing in a bathroom, holding a hair dryer. The person is positioned near the center of the scene, with the hair dryer held in their hand. The bathroom has a sink located towards the right side of the image, and a towel is hanging on the left side.  There are several bottles scattered around the bathroom, with one near the sink, another on the right side, and the third one further back in the scene. Additionally, there are two cups placed in the bathroom, one near the sink and the other closer to the center of the image.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the appliance the woman is holding used for? There're some choices: A. cutting hair, B. brushing teeth, C. drying hair, D. painting nails. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person standing in a bathroom, holding a hair dryer. The person is positioned near the center of the scene, with the hair dryer held in their hand. The bathroom has a sink located towards the right side of the image, and a towel is hanging on the left side.  There are several bottles scattered around the bathroom, with one near the sink, another on the right side, and the third one further back in the scene. Additionally, there are two cups placed in the bathroom, one near the sink and the other closer to the center of the image.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The woman is holding a hair dryer.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The hair dryer is used to dry hair.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the hair dryer is used for.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the appliance the woman is holding used for? There're some choices: A. cutting hair, B. brushing teeth, C. drying hair, D. painting nails. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person standing in a bathroom, holding a hair dryer. The person is positioned near the center of the scene, with the hair dryer held in their hand. The bathroom has a sink located towards the right side of the image, and a towel is hanging on the left side.  There are several bottles scattered around the bathroom, with one near the sink, another on the right side, and the third one further back in the scene. Additionally, there are two cups placed in the bathroom, one near the sink and the other closer to the center of the image.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the appliance the woman is holding.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the hair dryer is used for. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The woman is holding a hair dryer.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The woman is holding a hair dryer. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The hair dryer is used to dry hair.

Answer: C

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the appliance the woman is holding?) = The woman is holding a hair dryer.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is the hair dryer used for?) = The hair dryer is used to dry hair.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the appliance the woman is holding used for? There're some choices: A. cutting hair, B. brushing teeth, C. drying hair, D. painting nails. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The surface in the image is a desk.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The surface in the image is a desk.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is D. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the descriptive word for the surface is.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the surface in the image.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the descriptive word for the surface is. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The surface in the image is a desk.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The surface in the image is a desk. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The surface in the image is a desk.

Answer: B

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the surface in the image?) = The surface in the image is a desk.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is the descriptive word for the surface?) = The surface in the image is a desk.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = D


Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is A. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the person on the left is doing with their body.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the position of the person on the left.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the person on the left is doing with their body. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

Answer: A

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the position of the person on the left?) = The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body?) = The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What type of pants is the man on the right wearing? There're some choices: A. linen, B. corduroy, C. silk, D. denim. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man standing in front of a food stand, holding up a donut for the camera. He is smiling and appears to be enjoying the moment. Another person is visible in the background, possibly waiting for their turn to order or simply observing the scene.  The food stand is equipped with a sink, which is located towards the right side of the image. There are also two bowls placed on the counter, one closer to the center and the other towards the right side. A backpack can be seen on the left side of the image, possibly belonging to one of the people present.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What type of pants is the man on the right wearing? There're some choices: A. linen, B. corduroy, C. silk, D. denim. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man standing in front of a food stand, holding up a donut for the camera. He is smiling and appears to be enjoying the moment. Another person is visible in the background, possibly waiting for their turn to order or simply observing the scene.  The food stand is equipped with a sink, which is located towards the right side of the image. There are also two bowls placed on the counter, one closer to the center and the other towards the right side. A backpack can be seen on the left side of the image, possibly belonging to one of the people present.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The pants on the man on the right are made of denim.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is D. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What type of pants is the man on the right wearing? There're some choices: A. linen, B. corduroy, C. silk, D. denim. The image shows the following contents: The image features a man standing in front of a food stand, holding up a donut for the camera. He is smiling and appears to be enjoying the moment. Another person is visible in the background, possibly waiting for their turn to order or simply observing the scene.  The food stand is equipped with a sink, which is located towards the right side of the image. There are also two bowls placed on the counter, one closer to the center and the other towards the right side. A backpack can be seen on the left side of the image, possibly belonging to one of the people present.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the material of the pants the man on the right is wearing.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The pants on the man on the right are made of denim.

Answer: D

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What material are the pants on the man on the right made of?) = The pants on the man on the right are made of denim.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What type of pants is the man on the right wearing? There're some choices: A. linen, B. corduroy, C. silk, D. denim. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = D


Question: What country do these planes belong to? There're some choices: A. united states, B. germany, C. canada, D. mexico. The image shows the following contents: The image features a large hangar with two airplanes on display. One airplane is positioned on the left side of the hangar, while the other is on the right side. The hangar appears to be a museum or exhibition space, as there are several people walking around and observing the aircraft.  In total, there are eight people in the scene, with some standing closer to the airplanes and others scattered throughout the hangar. The people seem to be enjoying their time at the museum, admiring the historical aircraft on display.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What country do these planes belong to? There're some choices: A. united states, B. germany, C. canada, D. mexico. The image shows the following contents: The image features a large hangar with two airplanes on display. One airplane is positioned on the left side of the hangar, while the other is on the right side. The hangar appears to be a museum or exhibition space, as there are several people walking around and observing the aircraft.  In total, there are eight people in the scene, with some standing closer to the airplanes and others scattered throughout the hangar. The people seem to be enjoying their time at the museum, admiring the historical aircraft on display.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The flags on the planes are the American flag and the B-17 flag.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The planes belong to the United States based on the American flag and the B-17 flag.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer which country the planes belong to based on the flags.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What country do these planes belong to? There're some choices: A. united states, B. germany, C. canada, D. mexico. The image shows the following contents: The image features a large hangar with two airplanes on display. One airplane is positioned on the left side of the hangar, while the other is on the right side. The hangar appears to be a museum or exhibition space, as there are several people walking around and observing the aircraft.  In total, there are eight people in the scene, with some standing closer to the airplanes and others scattered throughout the hangar. The people seem to be enjoying their time at the museum, admiring the historical aircraft on display.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the flags on the planes.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer which country the planes belong to based on the flags. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The flags on the planes are the American flag and the B-17 flag.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The flags on the planes are the American flag and the B-17 flag. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The planes belong to the United States based on the American flag and the B-17 flag.

Answer: A

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What flags are on the planes?) = The flags on the planes are the American flag and the B-17 flag.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What country do these planes belong to based on the flags?) = The planes belong to the United States based on the American flag and the B-17 flag.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What country do these planes belong to? There're some choices: A. united states, B. germany, C. canada, D. mexico. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The child is interacting with a birthday cake, which has a single lit candle on it. The child is holding a spoon and appears to be reaching for the cake.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The child is most interested in the chocolate cake.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Determine what the child is most interested in.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify what the child is interacting with.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Determine what the child is most interested in. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The child is interacting with a birthday cake, which has a single lit candle on it. The child is holding a spoon and appears to be reaching for the cake.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The child is interacting with a birthday cake, which has a single lit candle on it. The child is holding a spoon and appears to be reaching for the cake. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The child is most interested in the chocolate cake.

Answer: C

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the child interacting with?) = The child is interacting with a birthday cake, which has a single lit candle on it. The child is holding a spoon and appears to be reaching for the cake.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What interests the child most here?) = The child is most interested in the chocolate cake.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other? There're some choices: A. grapes, B. apples, C. lettuce, D. radish. The image shows the following contents: The image features a plate filled with a delicious salad, including a variety of vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce. The salad is accompanied by a piece of meat, possibly chicken, and a side of mushrooms. The plate is set on a dining table, and a fork is placed nearby, ready for use. The arrangement of the food items creates an appetizing and healthy meal.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other? There're some choices: A. grapes, B. apples, C. lettuce, D. radish. The image shows the following contents: The image features a plate filled with a delicious salad, including a variety of vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce. The salad is accompanied by a piece of meat, possibly chicken, and a side of mushrooms. The plate is set on a dining table, and a fork is placed nearby, ready for use. The arrangement of the food items creates an appetizing and healthy meal.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is There is a half-cut cherry in the salad, which is darker than the other fruits.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The fruit cut in half and darker than the other is a cherry.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is A. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other? There're some choices: A. grapes, B. apples, C. lettuce, D. radish. The image shows the following contents: The image features a plate filled with a delicious salad, including a variety of vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce. The salad is accompanied by a piece of meat, possibly chicken, and a side of mushrooms. The plate is set on a dining table, and a fork is placed nearby, ready for use. The arrangement of the food items creates an appetizing and healthy meal.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the fruit that is cut in half and darker than the other.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is There is a half-cut cherry in the salad, which is darker than the other fruits.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is There is a half-cut cherry in the salad, which is darker than the other fruits. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The fruit cut in half and darker than the other is a cherry.

Answer: A

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other?) = There is a half-cut cherry in the salad, which is darker than the other fruits.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other?) = The fruit cut in half and darker than the other is a cherry.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other? There're some choices: A. grapes, B. apples, C. lettuce, D. radish. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What item on the desk could help with a cold? There're some choices: A. cough drops, B. syringe, C. pills, D. herbal tea. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person sitting in a chair in front of a laptop computer. The person is focused on writing, possibly taking notes or working on a project. The laptop is placed on a desk, and there are several books scattered around the workspace.  In addition to the books, there are a few bottles and cups placed on the desk, possibly containing beverages or other items. A cell phone can also be seen on the desk, indicating that the person might be multitasking or staying connected.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What item on the desk could help with a cold? There're some choices: A. cough drops, B. syringe, C. pills, D. herbal tea. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person sitting in a chair in front of a laptop computer. The person is focused on writing, possibly taking notes or working on a project. The laptop is placed on a desk, and there are several books scattered around the workspace.  In addition to the books, there are a few bottles and cups placed on the desk, possibly containing beverages or other items. A cell phone can also be seen on the desk, indicating that the person might be multitasking or staying connected.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is On the desk, there is a box of tissues, which could be related to a cold. The person is sitting in front of the laptop, and the tissues might be used to blow their nose or wipe their face if they are experiencing cold symptoms.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The tissues on the desk could help with a cold.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what item on the desk could help with a cold.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What item on the desk could help with a cold? There're some choices: A. cough drops, B. syringe, C. pills, D. herbal tea. The image shows the following contents: The image features a person sitting in a chair in front of a laptop computer. The person is focused on writing, possibly taking notes or working on a project. The laptop is placed on a desk, and there are several books scattered around the workspace.  In addition to the books, there are a few bottles and cups placed on the desk, possibly containing beverages or other items. A cell phone can also be seen on the desk, indicating that the person might be multitasking or staying connected.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify items on the desk that could be related to a cold.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what item on the desk could help with a cold. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is On the desk, there is a box of tissues, which could be related to a cold. The person is sitting in front of the laptop, and the tissues might be used to blow their nose or wipe their face if they are experiencing cold symptoms.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is On the desk, there is a box of tissues, which could be related to a cold. The person is sitting in front of the laptop, and the tissues might be used to blow their nose or wipe their face if they are experiencing cold symptoms. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The tissues on the desk could help with a cold.

Answer: A

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What items on the desk could be related to a cold?) = On the desk, there is a box of tissues, which could be related to a cold. The person is sitting in front of the laptop, and the tissues might be used to blow their nose or wipe their face if they are experiencing cold symptoms.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What item on the desk could help with a cold?) = The tissues on the desk could help with a cold.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What item on the desk could help with a cold? There're some choices: A. cough drops, B. syringe, C. pills, D. herbal tea. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the flag on the wall.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.

Answer: C

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What flag is represented on the wall?) = The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What is located on the shelves? There're some choices: A. books, B. dvds, C. games, D. food. The image shows the following contents: The image features a wooden bookshelf filled with various books. The bookshelf is situated in a room with a stone wall, giving it a cozy and rustic atmosphere. In addition to the books, there is a vase with white flowers placed on the bookshelf, adding a touch of elegance and color to the scene. The combination of the bookshelf, flowers, and the stone wall creates a warm and inviting environment.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is located on the shelves? There're some choices: A. books, B. dvds, C. games, D. food. The image shows the following contents: The image features a wooden bookshelf filled with various books. The bookshelf is situated in a room with a stone wall, giving it a cozy and rustic atmosphere. In addition to the books, there is a vase with white flowers placed on the bookshelf, adding a touch of elegance and color to the scene. The combination of the bookshelf, flowers, and the stone wall creates a warm and inviting environment.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The shelves are filled with books.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is A. Should we stop planning?

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is located on the shelves? There're some choices: A. books, B. dvds, C. games, D. food. The image shows the following contents: The image features a wooden bookshelf filled with various books. The bookshelf is situated in a room with a stone wall, giving it a cozy and rustic atmosphere. In addition to the books, there is a vase with white flowers placed on the bookshelf, adding a touch of elegance and color to the scene. The combination of the bookshelf, flowers, and the stone wall creates a warm and inviting environment.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the items on the shelves.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The shelves are filled with books.

Answer: A

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is located on the shelves?) = The shelves are filled with books.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What is located on the shelves? There're some choices: A. books, B. dvds, C. games, D. food. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What period of the day does this photo reflect? There're some choices: A. noon, B. morning, C. dawn, D. afternoon. The image shows the following contents: The image features a tall brick clock tower with a clock on each of its sides. The clocks are visible on the top, middle, and bottom sections of the tower. The tower stands prominently in the middle of a city, surrounded by buildings.  There are several people in the scene, with some standing closer to the tower and others further away. A bicycle can be seen parked near the right side of the image. The overall atmosphere of the scene suggests a bustling urban environment.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What period of the day does this photo reflect? There're some choices: A. noon, B. morning, C. dawn, D. afternoon. The image shows the following contents: The image features a tall brick clock tower with a clock on each of its sides. The clocks are visible on the top, middle, and bottom sections of the tower. The tower stands prominently in the middle of a city, surrounded by buildings.  There are several people in the scene, with some standing closer to the tower and others further away. A bicycle can be seen parked near the right side of the image. The overall atmosphere of the scene suggests a bustling urban environment.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The clock on the tower shows 12:00.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The sky is bright, with a few clouds scattered throughout the scene.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is The photo reflects the period of the day as midday or noon, as the clock on the tower shows 12:00.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Determine the brightness of the sky.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Answer what period of the day the photo reflects based on the clock time and sky brightness.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 4: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What period of the day does this photo reflect? There're some choices: A. noon, B. morning, C. dawn, D. afternoon. The image shows the following contents: The image features a tall brick clock tower with a clock on each of its sides. The clocks are visible on the top, middle, and bottom sections of the tower. The tower stands prominently in the middle of a city, surrounded by buildings.  There are several people in the scene, with some standing closer to the tower and others further away. A bicycle can be seen parked near the right side of the image. The overall atmosphere of the scene suggests a bustling urban environment.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the time shown on the clock in the photo.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Determine the brightness of the sky. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The clock on the tower shows 12:00.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Answer what period of the day the photo reflects based on the clock time and sky brightness. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The clock on the tower shows 12:00. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The sky is bright, with a few clouds scattered throughout the scene.

Answer: D

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What time does the clock show?) = The clock on the tower shows 12:00.

R2 = VQA([IMG], Question: How bright is the sky?) = The sky is bright, with a few clouds scattered throughout the scene.

R3 = QA([R1, R2], Question: What period of the day does this photo reflect?) = The photo reflects the period of the day as midday or noon, as the clock on the tower shows 12:00.

R4 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2, R3], Question: What period of the day does this photo reflect? There're some choices: A. noon, B. morning, C. dawn, D. afternoon. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What activity does the cat appear most likely to do? There're some choices: A. drink, B. jump, C. eat, D. sleep. The image shows the following contents: The image features a brown and white cat standing on a wooden floor in a kitchen. The cat is looking up at the oven, possibly curious about the food inside. The kitchen is equipped with a refrigerator on the right side and a sink on the left side.  There are two bowls in the scene, one located near the center of the kitchen and the other closer to the left side. A spoon can also be seen on the left side of the kitchen, possibly used for serving food.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What activity does the cat appear most likely to do? There're some choices: A. drink, B. jump, C. eat, D. sleep. The image shows the following contents: The image features a brown and white cat standing on a wooden floor in a kitchen. The cat is looking up at the oven, possibly curious about the food inside. The kitchen is equipped with a refrigerator on the right side and a sink on the left side.  There are two bowls in the scene, one located near the center of the kitchen and the other closer to the left side. A spoon can also be seen on the left side of the kitchen, possibly used for serving food.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The cat is located in a kitchen, standing on a wooden floor.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The cat is standing on the floor, looking up at the microwave oven.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is The cat appears most likely to eat food from the bowls.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Describe the cat's behavior.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Determine the activity the cat is most likely to do.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What activity does the cat appear most likely to do? There're some choices: A. drink, B. jump, C. eat, D. sleep. The image shows the following contents: The image features a brown and white cat standing on a wooden floor in a kitchen. The cat is looking up at the oven, possibly curious about the food inside. The kitchen is equipped with a refrigerator on the right side and a sink on the left side.  There are two bowls in the scene, one located near the center of the kitchen and the other closer to the left side. A spoon can also be seen on the left side of the kitchen, possibly used for serving food.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the location of the cat.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Describe the cat's behavior. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The cat is located in a kitchen, standing on a wooden floor.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Determine the activity the cat is most likely to do. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The cat is located in a kitchen, standing on a wooden floor. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The cat is standing on the floor, looking up at the microwave oven.

Answer: B

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 4: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: Where is the cat located?) = The cat is located in a kitchen, standing on a wooden floor.

R2 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the cat doing?) = The cat is standing on the floor, looking up at the microwave oven.

R3 = QA([R1, R2], Question: What activity does the cat appear most likely to do?) = The cat appears most likely to eat food from the bowls.

R4 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2, R3], Question: What activity does the cat appear most likely to do? There're some choices: A. drink, B. jump, C. eat, D. sleep. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What event is this most likely? There're some choices: A. environmental cleanup, B. concert, C. date, D. firing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table set with a variety of food and drinks. There are two wine glasses, one on the left side and the other on the right side of the table. A bottle of wine is placed near the center of the table.   In addition to the wine glasses, there are two cups on the table, one near the center and the other closer to the left side. A bowl is also present on the table, located near the center.   The table is adorned with a vase, which is placed near the center of the table. There are also two

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What event is this most likely? There're some choices: A. environmental cleanup, B. concert, C. date, D. firing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table set with a variety of food and drinks. There are two wine glasses, one on the left side and the other on the right side of the table. A bottle of wine is placed near the center of the table.   In addition to the wine glasses, there are two cups on the table, one near the center and the other closer to the left side. A bowl is also present on the table, located near the center.   The table is adorned with a vase, which is placed near the center of the table. There are also two; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is On the table, there are wine glasses, a bottle of wine, a plate of bread, a vase with flowers, and a bowl of fruit.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is This is most likely a dinner party.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Determine the nature of the event based on the items.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices that best matches the event.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What event is this most likely? There're some choices: A. environmental cleanup, B. concert, C. date, D. firing. The image shows the following contents: The image features a dining table set with a variety of food and drinks. There are two wine glasses, one on the left side and the other on the right side of the table. A bottle of wine is placed near the center of the table.   In addition to the wine glasses, there are two cups on the table, one near the center and the other closer to the left side. A bowl is also present on the table, located near the center.   The table is adorned with a vase, which is placed near the center of the table. There are also two
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the items on the table.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Determine the nature of the event based on the items. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is On the table, there are wine glasses, a bottle of wine, a plate of bread, a vase with flowers, and a bowl of fruit.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices that best matches the event. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is On the table, there are wine glasses, a bottle of wine, a plate of bread, a vase with flowers, and a bowl of fruit. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is This is most likely a dinner party.

Answer: C

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What items are on the table?) = On the table, there are wine glasses, a bottle of wine, a plate of bread, a vase with flowers, and a bowl of fruit.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What event is this most likely?) = This is most likely a dinner party.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What event is this most likely? There're some choices: A. environmental cleanup, B. concert, C. date, D. firing. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What is the outside of the cake made of? There're some choices: A. frosting, B. custard, C. fondant, D. whipped cream. The image shows the following contents: The image features a birthday cake with a unique design. The cake is shaped like a handbag and is placed on a dining table. The handbag is decorated with a "Next" logo, adding a touch of style to the cake.   In addition to the cake, there are two cell phones on the table, one located near the top right corner and the other towards the bottom right corner. A pair of shoes can also be seen on the table, positioned between the cake and the cell phones.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the outside of the cake made of? There're some choices: A. frosting, B. custard, C. fondant, D. whipped cream. The image shows the following contents: The image features a birthday cake with a unique design. The cake is shaped like a handbag and is placed on a dining table. The handbag is decorated with a "Next" logo, adding a touch of style to the cake.   In addition to the cake, there are two cell phones on the table, one located near the top right corner and the other towards the bottom right corner. A pair of shoes can also be seen on the table, positioned between the cake and the cell phones.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The outside of the cake is made of white fondant.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the outside of the cake made of? There're some choices: A. frosting, B. custard, C. fondant, D. whipped cream. The image shows the following contents: The image features a birthday cake with a unique design. The cake is shaped like a handbag and is placed on a dining table. The handbag is decorated with a "Next" logo, adding a touch of style to the cake.   In addition to the cake, there are two cell phones on the table, one located near the top right corner and the other towards the bottom right corner. A pair of shoes can also be seen on the table, positioned between the cake and the cell phones.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the material on the outside of the cake.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The outside of the cake is made of white fondant.

Answer: C

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the outside of the cake made of?) = The outside of the cake is made of white fondant.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What is the outside of the cake made of? There're some choices: A. frosting, B. custard, C. fondant, D. whipped cream. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is B. Should we stop planning?

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. The image shows the following contents: The image features a table with two cell phones placed on it. One cell phone is positioned on the left side of the table, while the other is on the right side. A laptop computer is also present on the table, located towards the top right corner. The table appears to be a dining table, and the cell phones and laptop are the main focus of the scene.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the device next to the laptop.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.

Answer: B

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop?) = A cell phone is sitting next to the laptop.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What type of device is sitting next to the laptop? There're some choices: A. mouse, B. mobile phone, C. pen, D. keyboard. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = B


Question: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is Horns. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is Sheep are traditionally associated with horns.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is A. horns. Explanation: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of a horned animal, which is a sheep.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer which creature is traditionally associated with horns.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices that matches the creature traditionally associated with horns.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of four sheep standing together in a grassy field. They are positioned in a line, with one sheep on the left side, another in the middle, and the remaining two sheep on the right side of the image. The sheep appear to be looking at the camera, creating a sense of curiosity and engagement with the viewer.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the object on the animal's head to the left.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer which creature is traditionally associated with horns. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is Horns

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices that matches the creature traditionally associated with horns. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is Horns The execution result for Subgoal 2 is Sheep are traditionally associated with horns.

Answer: A

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is on the animal's head to the left?) = Horns

R2 = QA([R1], Question: Which creature is traditionally associated with horns?) = Sheep are traditionally associated with horns.

R3 = QA([R1, R2], Question: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else? There're some choices: A. devil, B. zombie, C. vampire, D. witch. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A. horns. Explanation: The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of a horned animal, which is a sheep.


Question: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The surface is wooden.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The descriptive word for a wooden surface is wooden.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is A. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the descriptive word for this surface is.

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. The image shows the following contents: The image features a black cat sitting in front of a computer screen. The cat is positioned close to the screen, appearing to be curious about the content displayed on the monitor. The computer setup includes a keyboard and a mouse, both located near the cat. The scene captures the cat's interest in the computer and its surroundings.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the surface in the image.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the descriptive word for this surface is. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The surface is wooden.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The surface is wooden. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The descriptive word for a wooden surface is wooden.

Answer: B

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What does the surface look like?) = The surface is wooden.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is the descriptive word for a wooden surface?) = The descriptive word for a wooden surface is wooden.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the descriptive word for this surface? There're some choices: A. barren, B. crowded, C. minimalist, D. empty. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what the person on the left is doing with their body.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. The image shows the following contents: The image captures a thrilling moment of a man skillfully riding a wave on a surfboard. He is positioned in the center of the scene, with the surfboard beneath him. The wave is large and powerful, providing an exciting challenge for the surfer.  In the background, there are two other people, possibly watching the surfer or waiting for their turn to ride the waves. The scene is set against a backdrop of the ocean, creating a dynamic and adventurous atmosphere.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Describe the position of the person on the left.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what the person on the left is doing with their body. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

Answer: A

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the position of the person on the left?) = The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body?) = The person on the left is in a crouching position, riding a wave on a surfboard.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What is the person on the left doing with their body? There're some choices: A. crouching, B. leaping, C. flying, D. twirling. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = A


Question: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The child is focusing on a chocolate cupcake with a lit candle on a plate.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is The child is most interested in the chocolate cupcake.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 3 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Answer what interests the child most.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. The image shows the following contents: The image features a young child sitting at a dining table, holding a fork and getting ready to eat a chocolate cake. The cake is placed on a plate in front of the child, and the child appears to be excited about the treat.  The dining table occupies a significant portion of the scene, and there is a chair positioned near the table. Additionally, there is a refrigerator in the background, indicating that the scene takes place in a kitchen or dining area.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify what the child is focusing on.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Answer what interests the child most. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The child is focusing on a chocolate cupcake with a lit candle on a plate.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The child is focusing on a chocolate cupcake with a lit candle on a plate. The execution result for Subgoal 2 is The child is most interested in the chocolate cupcake.

Answer: C

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 3: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What is the child focusing on?) = The child is focusing on a chocolate cupcake with a lit candle on a plate.

R2 = QA([R1], Question: What interests the child most?) = The child is most interested in the chocolate cupcake.

R3 = VQA([IMG, R1, R2], Question: What interests the child most here? There're some choices: A. table, B. fork, C. candle, D. floor. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C


Question: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.

Please provide a reasonable subgoal-based plan to solve the given task.
Task: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.; Initial Environment Description: None.

The executed result for Subgoal 1 is The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.. Should we stop planning?

The executed result for Subgoal 2 is C. Should we stop planning?

No, I will keep planning. Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices.

Please ground the given subgoal to corresponding executable actions for solving the given task. The grounded actions must be the one in available action list.

The available action list is 'VQA', 'QA'.
VQA(image_context, query): Given image context, answer the given query; QA(context, query): Given context, answer the given query.

Task: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. The image shows the following contents: The image features a group of people, including two military officers, gathered around a dining table. They are cutting a large sheet cake together, likely celebrating a special occasion. The table is filled with various cakes and desserts, including a large cake in the center and smaller cakes placed around the table.  There are several chairs placed around the table, and a few people can be seen standing nearby. The atmosphere appears to be festive and joyful, as the group enjoys the cake and each other's company.
Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 1: Identify the flag on the wall.

Subgoal to be grounded: Subgoal 2: Select the choice from the four answer choices. The grounding could be based on the following results: The execution result for Subgoal 1 is The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.

Answer: C

R1 = VQA([IMG], Question: What flag is represented on the wall?) = The flag represented on the wall is the American flag.

R2 = VQA([IMG, R1], Question: What flag is represented on the wall? There're some choices: A. english, B. moravian, C. american, D. french. You must choose one from 'A', 'B', 'C', or 'D'. Output only one letter!) = C