val_dataset.csv

Question,GroundTruth
How do astronomers measure the distance to stars?,"Astronomers measure the distance to stars using methods like parallax, which involves observing the apparent shift in a star's position relative to distant background stars as Earth orbits the Sun, and standard candles, such as Cepheid variables, whose intrinsic brightness helps determine their distance."
What causes a lunar eclipse?,"A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth's shadow to fall on the Moon. This can only happen during a full moon and can result in a total, partial, or penumbral eclipse."
What is the significance of the Hubble Space Telescope?,"The Hubble Space Telescope has revolutionized our understanding of the universe by providing high-resolution images and data from space, free from Earth's atmospheric interference. It has contributed to discoveries about the age of the universe, the expansion rate, and the presence of exoplanets."
How do planets form?,"Planets form from the protoplanetary disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star. Through a process of accretion, particles collide and stick together to form larger bodies, which eventually coalesce into planets."
Dark matter?,"Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible to current observational methods. Its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters."
What are pulsars?,"Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation out of their magnetic poles. As the star rotates, these beams sweep across space, and if aligned with Earth, can be observed as pulses of radiation."
Why does the Moon have phases?,"The Moon has phases due to its orbit around Earth and the varying angles at which sunlight illuminates its surface. As the Moon orbits Earth, different portions of its surface are lit up by the Sun, creating phases from new moon to full moon."
When was the Hubble Space Telescope launched?,"It was launched on April 24, 1990."
What is a space mission?,"Space missions are planned journeys into space to explore, observe, or study various celestial bodies and phenomena."
What is gravity?,"Gravity is the force that attracts objects with mass toward one another, governing the motion of planets and stars."
Describe dark matter.,"Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit light or energy, detectable only through its gravitational effects."
What is dark energy?,"Dark energy is a mysterious force driving the accelerated expansion of the universe."
What are supernovas?,"A supernova is the explosive death of a massive star, resulting in a burst of light and energy."
What is a neutron star?,"A neutron star is an extremely dense remnant of a massive star that has exploded in a supernova."
What is the purpose of the Hubble Space Telescope?,"The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope launched in 1990, providing detailed images of distant galaxies, nebulae, and stars."
James Webb Space Telescope,"The James Webb Space Telescope is a next-generation space telescope designed to observe the universe's earliest galaxies and star formation."
What is the purpose of the Voyager probes?,"The Voyager probes are spacecraft launched in the 1970s to explore the outer planets and now travel beyond our solar system."
What is the Oort Cloud?,"The Oort Cloud is a distant, spherical shell of icy objects surrounding the solar system, believed to be a source of comets."
Space weather?,"Space weather refers to the conditions in space affected by the Sun's activity, impacting satellites and communications."
What is astrobiology?,"Astrobiology is the study of life in the universe, including the search for extraterrestrial life."
What is SETI?,"The purpose of SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) is to detect intelligent extraterrestrial life through signals and communication."
Fermi Paradox,"The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial life and the lack of evidence for it."space debris?,"Space debris refers to defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and other debris orbiting Earth, posing risks to spacecraft."