It Is difficult to know who is the more isolated : the 62 members of the Lebanese Parliament or the 73 members of the Lebanese press corps .

who is more isolated : the Lebanese Parliament or the the Lebanese press corps .


Lebanon 's MPs --- 31 of them Muslims , 31 of them Christians --- have left the militia leaders behind in Beirut to keep the peace .

Lebanon 's MPs --- 31 Muslims , 31 Christians --- have left the militia in Beirut to keep the peace .


And it is perfectly clear that the old representatives of Lebanese democracy are under considerable pressure to talk about reform and not withdrawal .

the old representatives of Lebanese democracy are under pressure to talk about reform and not withdrawal .


Saeb Salam made this perfectly evident .


Mr Salam , 84 , a Sunni Muslim , is the most impressive of Lebanon 's dying breed of elder statesmen , but his words could have been those of a much younger man .

Mr Salam , 84 , a Sunni Muslim , is the most impressive of Lebanon 's elder statesmen .


`` It is not appropriate to insist upon an immediate Syrian withdrawal , '' he said .


`` We must admit that a Syrian withdrawal could provoke many dangers for which no one would want to take responsibility .

`` a Syrian withdrawal could provoke dangers .


This is true , regardless of the opinion that some people have of Syria , and of their unhappiness at Syria 's presence in Lebanon .

This is true , regardless of the opinion people have of Syria 's presence in Lebanon .


Among the dangers that this could bring about would be the emergence of small concessional states governed by the militias. '' All this was shorthand for a simple warning : that if the Syrians pull out of west Beirut , the militias would go to war again in its streets , and there would be nothing the Christians could do about it.

this could bring about small states governed by militias. '' this was shorthand for : if the Syrians pull out of west Beirut , the militias would go to war again


The MPs are here to scrape the rust off the derelict machinery of government , to recreate the corroded institution that will have to elect a president and produce a government which can impose its rule on Lebanon --- and on the militia leaders .

The MPs here have to elect a president and produce a government which can impose its rule on Lebanon and the militia leaders .


Hence the isolation .


Closeted in the conference palace at Taif --- itself built by a Lebanese-born millionaire --- the MPs found themselves unable to exercise their normal function of playing to the gallery .

in the conference palace at Taif the MPs found themselves unable to exercise playing to the gallery .


Lebanese parliamentary sessions have to be open to the public .


They also , by law , have to be held in Beirut .


So this was therefore called `` an informal meeting of Lebanese parliamentarians '' --- which effectively closed the doors of their marble debating chamber to the press .

this was called `` an informal meeting '' --- which closed the doors to the press .


In equal isolation at the Intercontinental Hotel , 16 miles away , Lebanese journalists found themselves restricted to the parliament 's two opening statements and a diet of gentle assurances from Prince Saud al-Feisel , the Saudi Foreign Minister , that optimism was the order of the day , but while he had heard of some disputes in the parliamentary chamber , he had every reason to believe the Lebanese would accept the Arab League peace plan .

Lebanese journalists found themselves restricted to the parliament 's two opening statements and assurances from Prince Saud al-Feisel that he had every reason to believe the Lebanese would accept the Arab League peace plan .


Christian MPs close to General Michel Aoun wanted to talk first about a Syrian withdrawal , in according with the general 's instructions .

Christian MPs close to General Michel Aoun wanted to talk first about a Syrian withdrawal .


The People of Montenegro yesterday welcomed home the remains of Nicholas I , their first and last king , after 70 years ' exile in Italy , in belated fulfilment of his last will and testament .

Montenegro welcomed the remains of Nicholas I , their first and last king , after 70 years ' exile in Italy .


Thousands of Montenegrins , many in national costume , waited at the quayside in Bar for the Italian warship that would bring him home .

Montenegrins waited in Bar for the warship that would bring him home .


`` He liberated us from the Turks and fought for our independence , '' said a small boy who waited at the quayside amid a jostling crowd of former monarchs , visiting Serbian bishops and television crews .

`` He liberated us from the Turks '' said a boy who waited amid former monarchs , Serbian bishops and television crews .


Marko Radoman , 103 , and a veteran of both Balkan wars , was given a place at the front as one of the few with personal memories of Nicholas 's reign .

Marko Radoman , a veteran of both Balkan wars , was given a place at the front .


For a man whom Rebecca West , a contemporary Balkan observer , called `` repulsive '' and `` treacherous '' for deserting his Serbian son-in-law , King Alexander , in the First World War , it is a sepia-tinted view of history .

For a man Rebecca West called `` repulsive '' for deserting his son-in-law , King Alexander , in the First World War , it is a sepia-tinted view of history .


Nicholas was known as `` the uncle of Europe '' for his success in marrying his beautiful but penniless daughters into the grander royal houses of Russia , Serbia and Italy .

Nicholas was known as `` the uncle of Europe '' marrying his daughters into the royal houses of Russia , Serbia and Italy .


This furthered his long-term ambition to rule a large `` south Slav '' kingdom when the Ottoman Empire finally collapsed .

This furthered his ambition to rule a `` south Slav '' kingdom .


One daughter , a grand duchess of Russia , even gained a footnote in history by introducing an unknown monk , Rasputin , to the Russian Tsarina Alexandra .

One daughter gained a footnote in history by introducing Rasputin to Tsarina Alexandra .


In his minute , inaccessible capital , which today has only 15,000 inhabitants , Nicholas erected a miniature European court and an exquisitely furnished Victorian palace .

In his capital , which today has 15,000 inhabitants , Nicholas erected a miniature court and an Victorian palace .


He even persuaded 12 European powers to turn cottages into full embassies .

He persuaded 12 European powers to turn cottages into embassies .


It was a fair achievement in a town which an earlier observer described as `` 44 hovels '' .

It was in a town an earlier observer described as `` 44 hovels '' .


But Nicholas 's grand design collapsed in 1918 when his Serbian son-in-law , Alexander , deposed him and incorporated Montenegro into Yugoslavia .

Nicholas 's design collapsed in 1918 when his Serbian son-in-law incorporated Montenegro into Yugoslavia .


Then they formed a slow procession behind the coffin into the mountains to the old royal capital of Cetinje for his reburial in the monastery there .

they formed a procession to the old capital of Cetinje for his reburial .


What was surely the last ever Montenegrin `` royal event '' was masterminded by the republic 's new Communist leadership , which has abruptly stopped describing Nicholas as a class enemy , to ride the same wave of popular patriotism and royal fervour which swept Serbia in the recent celebrations of the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo .

the event was masterminded by the Communist leadership to ride the wave of patriotism which swept Serbia in the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo .


The latest biography now calls him `` an outstanding statesman , warrior and man of letters '' .

The latest biography calls him `` an outstanding statesman , warrior and man of letters '' .


`` If I die abroad in exile , let my body rest in a temporary grave until my mortal remains be transferred to our dear homeland , '' said the Montenegrin President , Branko Kostic , reading the royal will and testament to the crowds in Cetinje Square , who carried flags and portraits of Nicholas and his queen , Milena .

`` If I die in exile , let my body rest in a temporary grave until transferred to our homeland , '' said Branko Kostic , reading the royal will .


`` Today the people of Montenegro fulfill the wish of their first and last king guided by innate love and respect for their history , '' he went on. `` Our tourist organisations are counting on big profits , '' said Srdan Darmanovic , a member of the Montenegrin Central Committee .

`` the people of Montenegro fulfill the wish of their king '' he went on. `` tourist organisations are counting on big profits , '' said a member of the Montenegrin Central Committee .


`` This will be good for the Montenegrin economy too. '' Montenegro 's young and go-ahead leadership , which came to power this year amid furious popular dissatisfaction with the `` old men in grey suits '' , sponsored the gathering of Nicholas 's surviving relatives --- the first `` royal reunion '' organised by a Communist government .

`` This will be good for the economy '' Montenegro 's young leadership , which came to power amid dissatisfaction with the `` old men in grey suits '' , sponsored the gathering of Nicholas 's relatives .


`` A letter dropped through the post from the President of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro , inviting me to the funeral , '' said John Kennedy , a Conservative Party member who lives in Barking and is a distant relative of Nicholas .

`` A letter dropped through the post inviting me to the funeral , '' said John Kennedy , a Conservative Party member and distant relative of Nicholas .


Montenegro 's sudden rehabilitation of Nicholas 's memory is a popular move .

Montenegro 's rehabilitation of Nicholas is popular .


In The dying hours of Tuesday 's Panamanian coup , rebel officers refused a `` face-to-face '' request from a Us military officer to hand over General Noriega for trial in America , the Us Defence Secretary , Dick Cheney , said yesterday .

In Tuesday 's Panamanian coup , rebel officers refused a request to hand over Noriega for trial in America , Dick Cheney said .


Shortly afterwards the rebels asked for Us troops to help them to defend the routes to the military headquarters they had seized .

afterwards the rebels asked for Us troops to help them .


`` It was n't until late in the coup activities that it became clear that the coup plotters did , in fact , have him , '' Mr Cheney said .

`` It was late that it became clear the coup plotters did have him , '' Cheney said .


`` Shortly after that the coup collapsed. '' When approached `` face to face '' by a senior Us officer , two rebel officers said they wanted General Noriega to retire within Panama , rather than face drug trafficking charges in the Us. Although Washington was notified of the rebellion last weekend , Mr Cheney said there was `` considerable reason '' to be cautious .

`` Shortly after the coup collapsed. '' rebel officers said they wanted Noriega to retire within Panama , rather than face charges in the Us. Although Washington was notified of the rebellion , there was reason to be cautious .


Us doubts were redoubled by news that the coup was to be led by Major Giraldi , a close associate of the Panamanian military dictator .

the coup was led by Major Giraldi , associate of the Panamanian dictator .


`` There was the possibility that it was an effort to draw the Us into some kind of an embarrassing incident , '' Mr Cheney said .

`` There was the possibility it was an effort to draw the Us into an embarrassing incident , '' Mr Cheney said .


The incident has become deeply embarrassing for the Bush administration , precisely because of its caution .

The incident has become embarrassing for the administration , because of its caution .


Criticism of the White House by both Democrats and Republicans grew yesterday .

Criticism by Democrats and Republicans grew .


Comparisons were made with the Reagan administration 's more robust attitude during the Grenada invasion and Libya bombing raid in 1984 and 1986 .

Comparisons were made with Reagan 's attitude during the Grenada invasion and Libya raid .


Democratic Congressman Dave McCurdy said `` there is a resurgence of the wimp factor '' and Republican Congressman William Broomfield said : `` We blew it ... It 's a major setback for our foreign policy. '' Other politicians complained that the failed coup had exposed the unaccustomed weakness of Us intelligence and undercover activities in Latin America .

Democratic Congressman Dave McCurdy said `` there is a resurgence of the wimp factor '' and Republican Congressman William Broomfield said : `` We blew it '' politicians complained that the coup had exposed the weakness of Us intelligence in Latin America .


The Us gave no answer to their request , said Mr Cheney .

The Us gave no answer , said Mr Cheney .


He said Washington decided against helping the rebels because they refused to hand over General Noriega and because the Us doubted their democratic good faith .

Washington decided against helping because they refused to hand over Noriega and the Us doubted their good faith .


The coup was not to restore democracy , he said , but a `` power struggle within the Panamanian Defence Force '' .

The coup was a `` power struggle within the Panamanian Defence Force '' .


Other Us government sources said both the rebels and the Us army Southern Command , based in Panama , had been startled by the swift recovery of the pro-Noriega forces on Tuesday .

both the rebels and the Us army in Panama , had been startled by the swift recovery of the pro-Noriega forces .


The `` loyal '' forces air-lifted a company of troops to an air-strip near the military headquarters held by the rebels .

The `` loyal '' forces air-lifted troops near the headquarters held by the rebels .


Their arrival swung on to General Noriega 's side a battalion which had previously declined to commit itself .

Their arrival swung on to Noriega 's side a battalion which had declined to commit itself .


Earlier , Mr Cheney appeared on television to rebut criticism of the Bush administration 's actions --- or inactions --- during the coup .

Cheney appeared on television to rebut criticism of the Bush administration 's actions .


He confirmed that General Noriega was briefly in the hands of the rebels but said the Us had no time to make use of this fact .

He confirmed Noriega was briefly in the hands of the rebels .


As The Labour leadership congratulates itself on a virtually unprecedented exhibition of unity and moderation , they should be aware that knives are being sharpened at Conservative Central Office .

As Labour congratulates itself on unity , knives are being sharpened at Conservative Central Office .


The object of the attentions of Tory apparatchiks --- and ministers --- is the new policy on employment law , moderate and sensible as it may seem .

The object of the attentions of Tory apparatchiks is the policy on employment .


Basically , the clarification needs clarification .


Within the next few months , for instance , the party and unions should set the level of fines that recalcitrant unions would incur .

for instance , the party and unions should set the fines unions would incur .


Mr Meacher should also spell out his plans for limits on picket lines .

Meacher should spell out his plans on picket lines .


It is not sufficient to tell the conference that there will be no return to mass picketing .

It is not sufficient to tell the conference there will be no return to mass picketing .


Most important , he will have to explain how far sympathy action should be allowed and precisely what would constitute a lawful trade dispute .

he will have to explain sympathy action and what would constitute a lawful trade dispute .


Would it be lawful for instance , for workers to refuse to handle imports from South Africa ; would meat porters be allowed to take action in support of nurses .

Would it be lawful to refuse to handle imports from South Africa ; would meat porters be allowed to support nurses .


The first would demonstrably be a political strike and the second would hardly be a trade dispute .

The first would be a political strike and the second would hardly be a trade dispute .


The key phrase used by Mr Meacher is that there should be a `` genuine interest '' involved before industrial action was within the law .

there should be a `` genuine interest '' before industrial action was within the law .


Jimmy Knapp , leader of the National Union of Railwaymen , argues that his members who took action in support of the miners during the coal strike had a genuine interest in the fight to keep pits open : fewer mines mean fewer coal trains .

Jimmy Knapp , of the Union of Railwaymen , argues that action in support of the miners had a genuine interest : fewer mines mean fewer coal trains .


Setting limits to action will not be easy for Labour .


Bluntly , the Shadow Cabinet and unions need to get their fingers out --- with some expedition --- to set the limits of the proposed legal framework .

the Shadow Cabinet and unions need to set the limits of the proposed framework .


If workers hold a democratic vote to go on strike for whatever reason , it ill becomes a Labour government to legislate to make it unlawful .

a democratic vote to go on strike ill becomes Labour to make unlawful .


But that , according to Mr Meacher , is what they will have to do .


Within the next few months --- and long before the next election --- they will have to settle these questions or see the spectre of the Winter of Discontent raised to haunt them by gleeful Conservative politicians .

they will have to settle these questions or see the spectre of the Winter of Discontent raised by Conservative politicians .


It simply is not enough for Mr Meacher to say that such details will be worked out after the next general election by Labour ministers and Whitehall officials .

It is not enough to say that details will be worked out after the next general election .


Mr Meacher intends within the next three to six months to work out precisely what form of specialist industrial relations courts a future Labour government intends to set up. Difficult as it may be , he should attempt to settle more delicate issues .

Mr Meacher intends within months to work out what form of industrial relations courts a Labour government intends to set up.


If Mr Meacher is not the man to bang the heads of union leaders together , then surely Mr Kinnock is.

If Meacher is not the man to bang the heads of union leaders together , then Kinnock is.


True , the conference ignored the call for complete immunity in tort which the Tuc passed to the conference .

the conference ignored the call for complete immunity in tort .


Under the resolution overwhelmingly passed by Labour delegates , unions would be subject to fines and there would no such immunity from civil action if they acted illegally .

Under the resolution , unions would be subject to fines and there would no immunity from civil action .


Strikes without ballots , for instance , would not enjoy the protection of the law .

Strikes without ballots would not enjoy the protection of the law .


There has , however , been a confusing flurry of paper involved in the evolution of the policy .

There has been a flurry of paper involved .


First there was the broad statement of intent in the policy review document and then there was the controversial Tuc composite resolution --- an incompetently constructed mosaic of competing interests .

First there was the broad statement of intent and then there was the controversial Tuc resolution .


Last Friday came a statement of `` clarification '' issued by the party and the unions and finally there was the debate and another statement by Michael Meacher , Labour 's employment spokesman .

Last Friday came `` clarification '' and finally there was debate and another statement by Michael Meacher , Labour spokesman .


There has been nothing remotely resembling intellectual coherence .

There has been nothing resembling coherence .


It Was , said Monty Python member Terry Jones yesterday of the death of his colleague Graham Chapman the worst case of party pooping he have ever come across .

It Was , said Terry Jones of the death of Graham Chapman the worst case of party pooping ever .


Chapman had died of cancer on Wednesday on the eve of the twentieth anniversary celebration of the first Monty Python show .

Chapman had died of cancer on the eve of the twentieth anniversary of the first Monty Python show .


Cleese and Michael Palin were with him when he died .

Cleese and Palin were with him when he died .


The painfully early death of someone who was part of a youth cult normally prompts obituaries for that cult .

The death of someone who was part of a youth cult prompts obituaries for that cult .


But in the case of Python that could not be more inappropriate .

in the case of Python that could be inappropriate .


Books , records and films continue to sell well .


The original shows were last year sold to Mtv in the Us. Only Chapman really failed to capitalise on Python 's success .

The shows were sold to Mtv Us. Chapman failed to capitalise on Python 's success .


Cleese 's successes are well known .


Palin , among many film triumphs , co-starred with Cleese in A Fish Called Wanda ; Eric Idle has also been consistently on screen .

Palin co-starred with Cleese in A Fish Called Wanda ; Eric Idle has been consistently on screen .


Terry Jones has moved into film direction , as has Terry Gilliam , the show 's animator .

Terry Jones has moved into film direction , as has Terry Gilliam .


The Python mixture of surrealism and Oxbridge set texts --- a `` summarising Proust '' competition in a municipal baths ; phoning Sartre 's wife `` Is John Paul free ? '' 'He 's been asking himself that for years ' --- is as familiar as the silly walks , deceased parrot and other images that have gained cult status .

The Python surrealism --- a `` summarising Proust '' competition in a municipal baths --- is as familiar as the silly walks and other images that have gained cult status .


But if Chapman 's death is to provoke any analysis it might be to ask whether the Pythons achieved their original aim of breaking the mould of English television comedy , doing away with the studio applause , the guest star , the musical interlude , even on occasion the punchline .

any analysis might ask whether the Pythons achieved their aim of breaking the mould of television comedy , doing away with studio applause , guest star , musical interlude , even punchline .


It was not the first time the 48-year-old comedian and doctor had pooped the party .

It was not the first time the 48-year-old had pooped the party .


That ambition has only been partially fulfilled .

That ambition has been partially fulfilled .


John Lloyd , producer of Not The Nine O'Clock News , Spitting Image and Blackadder , says that for his generation of university students 20 years ago Python was the seminal programme .

John Lloyd , producer of Not The Nine O'Clock News , Spitting Image and Blackadder , says that for his generation Python was seminal .


The first Not the Nine O ' Clock News series had a sketch about Python worshippers but that team , while itself worshipping Python , went out of its way not to be derivative , eschewing silly voices , dressing in drag and what they later realised to be a misogynist trait in Python .

The first Not the Nine O ' Clock News series had a sketch about Python worshippers but that team went out of its way not to be derivative , eschewing silly voices , dressing in drag and a misogynist trait .


`` In some ways , '' he said yesterday , `` Python does look very old-fashioned now , yet when I arranged a compilation of all 45 shows for the Bbc I found that we had on the Not The Nine O '' Clock News unintentionally pinched a number of things , putting the signature in the middle of the programme , parodying famous Tv interviews .

he said , `` Python does look old-fashioned now , yet I found the Not The Nine O Clock News pinched a number of things , the signature in the middle of the programme , parodying famous interviews .


It impresses itself upon you subliminally .


`` But the irony of a mould-breaking programme like Python is that it is a dead-end , a spoiler for the rest of us. Because it is so bizarre it is not possible to go down a very new route of comedy without appearing derivative .

`` But the irony of Python is that it is a dead-end , it is not possible to go down a new route of comedy without appearing derivative .


And as not everyone can be a mould-breaker there are still a lot of traditional comedy shows on television. '' Indeed , the formula for the majority of comedy on television remains as it was before a ragged man struggled along the seashore , collapsed and panted seemingly with his last breath : `` It 's ... ''

as not everyone can be a mould-breaker the formula for comedy on television remains as it was before ''


In 1967 Chapman , who had cultivated a conventional image with his ubiquitous tweed jacket and pipe , by his own later admission stunned a party attended by his friends and future Python colleagues by coming out as a homosexual .

In 1967 Chapman , who had cultivated a conventional image , stunned a party by coming out as a homosexual .


John Cleese and Eric Idle who had both been at Cambridge with him had had no idea .

John Cleese and Eric Idle who had been at Cambridge with him had had no idea .


Chapman said later that Cleese , his writing partner at Cambridge and afterwards on the Frost , Marty Feldman and At Last the 1948 shows , `` was still in a state of shock '' .

Chapman said later that Cleese , his writing partner , `` was still in shock '' .


After the last Python show in 1974 Chapman pooped the party again .

After the last Python show in 1974 Chapman pooped the party .


While the others went on to further success he fought and eventually won a battle against alcoholism , but his writing partnership with Cleese did not survive it , and , at his own choice , he was not a member of the Python film company Prominent Features .

he fought a battle against alcoholism , but his writing partnership with Cleese did not survive it , and , at his choice , he was not a member of the Python film company .


The sometimes uneasy relations between Chapman and the rest of the team received a boost recently when they filmed an introduction to a twentieth anniversary special to be screened later this year .

The uneasy relations between Chapman and the team received a boost when they filmed an introduction to a twentieth anniversary special .


All assumed then and indeed until two days ago that Chapman was recovering from his illness .


Lord Aldington told a High Court jury yesterday he remembered making inquiries to ensure that thousands of Yugoslavs repatriated by the British at the end of the Second World War would be properly treated .

Lord Aldington remembered making inquiries to ensure Yugoslavs repatriated by the British at the end of the War would be properly treated .


He was continuing evidence in a libel action against Count Nikolai Tolstoy , the historian , and Nigel Watts , a Tunbridge Wells property developer , who circulated a pamphlet in 1987 describing him as responsible for repatriating 70,000 Russian Cossacks and Yugoslavs to be massacred by the communists in 1945 .

He was continuing evidence in a libel action against Nikolai Tolstoy , and Nigel Watts , who circulated a pamphlet describing him as responsible for repatriating 70,000 Cossacks and Yugoslavs to be massacred by the communists .


He was asked why he had repatriated the women and children `` camp followers '' with the captured troops .

He was asked why he had repatriated women and children with captured troops .


He said that had been a concession to them to allow families to stay together .

He said to allow families to stay together .


`` I assume that we thought that these dependants would wish to accompany their soldiers and that the soldiers would wish to have them with them .

`` we thought that dependants would wish to accompany their soldiers .


It was a concession , not an extra burden. '' But he did not order the return of other civilians , he said .

It was a concession '' he did not order the return of other civilians .


At the time , he and his commanding officers were more concerned with preparing to fight Tito 's partisans , Lord Aldington added .

he and his commanding officers were more concerned with Tito 's partisans .


In May 1945 Yugoslav partisans had been spreading through Allied-occupied Austria , trying to annexe much of it to their own country .

In May 1945 Yugoslav partisans had been spreading through Austria , trying to annexe it to their country .


The British Eighth Army 's V Corps , where he was a staff officer , had been giving top priority to Operation Beehive , preparing a strategy to fight the Yugoslavs if necessary .

The British Eighth Army 's V Corps had been giving priority to Operation Beehive , preparing to fight the Yugoslavs .


He said it had been vital to keep Operation Beehive secret from the Soviets and the Yugoslavs , so many people within V Corps had not known about it.

to keep Operation Beehive secret from Yugoslavs , many people within V Corps had not known about it.


The defendants say the accusations are true .


In evidence earlier this week Lord Aldington , 75 , formerly Brigadier Toby Lowe , said the first he had heard that the men , women and children sent back from the British-occupied zone of Austria had been tortured and massacred was from Count Tolstoy in 1979 .

Lord Aldington said the first he had heard that men , women and children sent back from the British-occupied Austria had been tortured and massacred was from Tolstoy in 1979 .


He said yesterday : `` I 'm sure I had been making inquiries ( in 1945 ) about what would happen to people who we sent back .

He said : `` I had been making inquiries about what would happen .


I have in my memory a feeling that we had satisfied ourselves that international law would be obeyed. '' He referred to two documents where the Yugoslavs gave undertakings about treatment of repatriated citizens .

we had satisfied ourselves that international law would be obeyed. '' He referred to documents where the Yugoslavs gave undertakings about repatriated citizens .


Lord Aldington was asked why the Yugoslavs had not been told their destination before repatriation .

Lord Aldington was asked why the Yugoslavs had not been told their destination .


`` We did not wish to create conditions which led to possible violence. '' This would have meant extra guards were needed on the camps , and would have forced the British soliders to use force .

`` We did not wish to create conditions which led to violence. '' This would have meant extra guards , and would have forced the British soliders to use force .


He also told the court he had been acting in accordance with an order from Allied Forces Headquarters on 14 May 1945 .

he had been acting in accordance with an order from Allied Forces Headquarters .


That said : `` All Russians to be handed over to Soviet forces and all surrendered Yugoslav nationals serving in German forces to be handed over to Yugoslav forces. '' Asked whether he had screened the Yugoslavs before they were sent back , he said there had been no requirement under the order .

`` All Russians to be handed over to Soviet forces and all surrendered Yugoslav to Yugoslav forces. '' Asked whether he had screened the Yugoslavs , he said there had been no requirement under the order .


Neil Kinnock won a decisive victory yesterday when his party rejected demands to embrace proportional representation by a three-to-one majority .

Neil Kinnock won when his party rejected proportional representation .


Conference delegates endorsed their leader 's determined stand after Roy Hattersley , Labour 's deputy leader , warned that for the party to concede demands for Pr would be `` an act of historic folly '' .

Conference delegates endorsed their leader 's stand after Roy Hattersley , deputy leader , warned that Pr would be `` an folly '' .


It would be unprincipled , and undemocratic to take that view. '' Gavin Laird , general secretary of the Aeu engineering union , said Pr would be the remaining burning issue within the party in the run-up to the next election .

It would be undemocratic to take that view. '' Gavin Laird , of the engineering union , said Pr would be the burning issue in the run-up to the next election .


`` The Nec report on this issue is a sham .


There was no debate on the national executive , merely an expression of prejudice and fear of change .

There was no debate , merely expression of fear of change .


How can this party stifle debate on such a crucial issue ?

How can this party stifle debate on such a issue ?


How can this party join with the Tories to defend the status quo ? '' Sheila Cunningham , of Norfolk North , said the present system was unfair and perpetuated the elective dictatorship which had developed in the 1980s .

How can this party join the Tories to defend the status quo ? '' Sheila Cunningham said the system perpetuated the elective dictatorship developed in the 1980s .


Both the Tories and Labour had 46 per cent of the vote in the 1955 general election , yet Conservatives were elected with a majority of 55 .

Both Tories and Labour had 46 per cent in 1955 , yet Conservatives were elected with a majority of 55 .


But many speakers saw the issue as a damaging diversion from Labour 's efforts to win the next election .

many speakers saw the issue as a diversion from Labour 's efforts to win .


Alan Duncan , of the Gmb , said : `` It is absolutely irresponsible to waste the next year on a debate of no interest or concern to the people we represent. '' He was supported by Alun Michael , Mp for Cardiff South , who argued that for Labour to take the issue seriously would be a gift to the party 's opponents .

Alan Duncan said : `` It is irresponsible to waste the next year on a debate of no interest '' He was supported by Alun Michael .


`` Pr involves voting for the least worst , and we want the best for the country as a whole .

`` Pr involves voting for the least worst , and we want the best .


Just as we are on the way out of the desert , it would be plain daft to turn back because someone thinks they have seen a hazy mirage on the horizon. ''

on the way out of the desert , it would be daft to turn back because someone thinks they have seen a mirage ''


He insisted : `` The inevitable result of proportional representation is coalition government .

He insisted : `` The result is coalition government .


I do not believe that at the end of a week in which we have honed a new policy we are going to even contemplate bargaining that away in smoke-filled rooms with Paddy Ashdown , David Owen , or anyone else. '' Post-election pacts were the inevitable consequence of Pr. `` We would never have a Labour government able to carry out a Labour programme --- even when that programme had won far more votes than any of the other parties. '' Although Labour accepted that a second chamber to replace the Lords could be elected by a method other than the present first-past-the-post system , that chamber did not make or break governments .

I do not believe that at the end of a week in which we have honed a new policy we are going to contemplate bargaining that away '' pacts were the consequence of Pr. `` We would never have a Labour programme --- even when that had won more votes '' Although a chamber to replace the Lords could be elected by a method other than the present , that chamber did not make or break governments .


`` It is in the House of Commons that governments must build their majorities .

`` in the Commons governments build majorities .


For the House of Commons , proportional reprentation would in consequence be a reduction , not an extension of democracy. '' However , Jeff Rooker , Mp for Birmingham Perry Barr and a prominent advocate of Pr , said the House of Commons would continue to be `` largely , middle class , white , and male dominated '' without a new system .

For the Commons , proportional reprentation would be a reduction of democracy. '' Jeff Rooker , advocate of Pr , said the Commons would continue to be `` , middle class , white , and male '' without a new system .


`` You cannot be satisfied with a system which means votes do not have equal value and where , unless you live in a marginal constituency elections pass you by on the other side .

`` You cannot be satisfied with a system which means votes do not have equal value and unless you live in a marginal constituency elections pass you by .


You cannot be satisfied when our fellow citizens are saddled with an electoral system which leads to elective dictatoriship , and the corruption of parliamentary law-making processes .

You cannot be satisfied with an system which leads to elective dictatoriship , and the corruption of parliamentary processes .


And all on the basis of 42 per cent of the vote .


`` Electoral reform cannot be held in reserve in case things go wrong .


The Treasury is refusing to fund a further phase of the city technology colleges .

The Treasury is refusing to fund further the city technology colleges .


Plans for the creation of 20 CTCs by 1990 were announced by Kenneth Baker , the then Secretary of State for Education and Science , at the Conservative Party conference in October 1986 .

20 CTCs by 1990 were announced by Kenneth Baker , then Secretary for Education , in 1986 .


But yesterday , Susan Fey , of the Ctc Trust , said , `` We were only ever given a target of 20 .

Susan Fey , of the Ctc Trust , said , `` We were given a target of 20 .


We have never been to Treasury to ask for funds for more than 20 .

We have never been to Treasury to ask for funds for more .


Of course there have been discussions between the Trust and civil servants but nothing has gone to Pesc ( the expenditure talks). '' Although Sir Cyril had spoken in January 1988 about `` hundreds '' of CTCs , these would be funded by local education authorities .

there have been discussions between the Trust and civil servants '' Although Sir Cyril had spoken about `` hundreds '' of CTCs , these would be funded by local authorities .


Jack Straw , Labour 's shadow education secretary said yesterday at the Labour Party conference that the news to abandon further CTCs marked `` the death of an expensive corrupt fiasco , which has already cost the taxpayer millions '' .

Jack Straw , shadow education secretary said that the news to abandon further CTCs marked `` the death of an fiasco '' .


`` But so rotten has the policy proved that not even a `` taxpayer bail-out '' could save it. Indeed even Britain 's blue chip businesses boycotted the scheme despite being put under intense personal and political pressure , '' he added .

`` not even a `` taxpayer bail-out '' could save it. businesses boycotted the scheme despite intense personal and political pressure , '' .


Mr Straw said this involved `` veiled threats if they did not cough up and clear promises of honours if they did '' .

Mr Straw said this involved `` veiled threats and clear promises of honours '' .


He added : `` What is so appalling is that millions of pounds which should have been invested in children 's education has been squandered in pursuit of electoral advantage. '' He will renew calls on the public accounts committee to conduct a full investigation into `` this disgraceful waste of the funds so vital to the education of our children '' .

He added : `` millions which should have been invested in education has been squandered '' He will renew calls to conduct a investigation into `` this disgraceful waste '' .


He is also writing to John McGregor , the Education Secretary , urging him not only to abandon the idea of additional CTCs but to hand over those in the pipeline to local authorities .

He is writing to John McGregor , Education Secretary , urging him not only to abandon the idea of additional CTCs but to hand over to local authorities .


They were to be a new form of secondary school --- `` beacons of excellence '' --- funded mainly by industry , and would concentrate on science and technology .

a form of secondary school funded by industry , would concentrate on science and technology .


But the Government has been severely embarrassed by the burgeoning cost of the programme .

the Government has been embarrassed by the cost .


Mr Baker had said that industrial sponsors would pay `` all or a substantial part '' of the capital costs .

Mr Baker had said sponsors would pay `` a substantial part '' of the costs .


The lack of sponsors has meant the taxpayer has had to foot more of the bill .

lack of sponsors has meant the taxpayer has had to foot the bill .


The Department of Education and Science said yesterday that the Government had spent £19.7m on CTCs and there was a further planned expenditure over the next three years of £106.2m .

the Government spent £19.7m on CTCs and there was a further expenditure of £106.2m .


So far industry had contributed £44m .


Sir Cyril Taylor , the Government 's adviser on CTCs , who had earlier been successful in persuading Mr Baker to commit more government funds to the 20 schools , had been hoping to get more money for a new round of schools .

Sir Cyril Taylor , Government adviser on CTCs , had been hoping to get more money for a new round of schools .


But sources have confirmed that this has been ruled out by the Treasury in the current round of public expenditure talks .


Conservationists are concerned about the decline in the Scottish population of capercaillie , a bird of the old pine woods and the largest member of the grouse family .

Conservationists are concerned about the decline of capercaillie , the largest member of the grouse family .


The capercaillie , one of Britain 's most spectacular game birds , is prized by European trophy hunters .

The capercaillie , one of Britain 's most spectacular birds , is prized by hunters .


The experiment was prompted by a survey of the commission 's forests in northern Scotland .

The experiment was prompted by a survey of the forests in northern Scotland .


Assisted by the Rspb , the commission circulated questionnaires among its rangers in Highland and Grampian regions .

Assisted by the Rspb , the commission circulated questionnaires among its rangers .


The results showed that capercaillie had vanished from 12 of the 56 forests which had held them for 20 years , and numbers had declined in nearly all the other forests .

The results showed that capercaillie had vanished from 12 of the 56 forests , and had declined in all the other forests .


The commission has sponsored the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology ( Ite ) at Banchory , near Aberdeen , to examine how modern forests can be made capercaillie-friendly .

The commission has sponsored the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology near Aberdeen , to examine how forests can be made capercaillie-friendly .


Capercaillie in Scotland have already come back from near extinction once .

Capercaillie have come back from near extinction once .


They died out in the eighteenth century as a result of deforestation and hunting .


The species was successfully re-established in Perthshire with birds from Sweden in the 1830s .

The species was re-established with birds from Sweden in the 1830s .


By the turn of this century they were plentiful in Scotland , eventually becoming so numerous that commercial foresters regarded them as vermin because of their liking for pine buds and needles ( a trait which , according to gourmets , makes them taste strongly of turpentine ) .

they were plentiful in Scotland , eventually regarded them as vermin because of their liking for pine buds which makes them taste of turpentine .


Their last population peak was 1974 .


Since then there has been a long decline .


But as it has retreated towards its heartland in the Tay , Dee and Spey valleys , most sporting estates have imposed a voluntary moratorium on shooting .

as it has retreated most sporting estates have imposed a moratorium on shooting .


Roy Dennis , North of Scotland officer for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds , said there could be as few as 2,000 left in the highlands , an 80 per cent decline in the past 15 years .

Roy Dennis , North of Scotland officer for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds , said there could be an 80 per cent decline in the past 15 years .


`` I would n't say it was the last ditch for the capercaillie .

`` I would n't say it was the last for the capercaillie .


But it is concerning. '' Poor breeding in wet , cold springs ; clear-felling of Scots pine forests ; the proliferation of dense sitka spruce plantations ; and over-shooting have all been suggested as contributing to the capercaillie 's retreat .

'' Poor breeding ; clear-felling of forests ; the proliferation of spruce plantations ; and over-shooting have all been suggested as contributing to the capercaillie 's retreat .


Robert Moss , the leading British expert on capercaillie , believes that habitat destruction and modern forestry practices played an important role .

Moss , the leading expert on capercaillie , believes habitat destruction and forestry practices played an important role .


`` The future of the capercaillie will depend on how good a habitat we provide for them in our new forests , '' he said .

`` The future of the capercaillie will depend on habitat '' .


The bird 's retreat has led the Forestry Commission to modify three of its forests to make them more welcoming to capercaillie .

The retreat has led the Forestry Commission to modify three forests to make them more welcoming to capercaillie .


This has involved thinning trees , opening up glades around mature Scots pines and planting juniper and blackberries .

This involved thinning trees , opening glades around Scots pines and planting juniper and blackberries .


Archaeologists in Devon are recording the 5,000-year history of a valley which is about to be flooded to form one of Britain 's largest reservoirs .

Archaeologists in Devon are recording the 5,000-year history of a valley about to be flooded to form one of Britain 's largest reservoirs .


Investigations in the area --- part of the valley of the river Wolf , north-west of Dartmoor --- have revealed evidence of human activity dating from neolithic times .

Investigations in the valley of the river Wolf have revealed human activity dating from neolithic times .


However , by the 1970s the population had dwindled to less than 20 , and the last inhabitant moved out three years ago , after the land was bought by South West Water .

by the 1970s the population had dwindled , and the last inhabitant moved out three years ago , after the land was bought by South West Water .


Over the past two years , archaeologists have excavated the remains of a medieval village --- including its corn and cloth mills --- as well as four farm sites , and three buildings constructed of cob .

Over two years , archaeologists have excavated a medieval village --- including corn and cloth mills --- four farm sites , and three buildings constructed of cob .


The last house in the valley --- West Wortha --- will be demolished within the next four weeks , but archaeological work will continue even as the water level starts to rise .

The last house will be demolished within weeks , but archaeological work will continue .


The excavation --- directed by Peter Stead of Exeter Museum --- has been funded jointly by English Heritage and South West Water to the tune of £250,000 .

The excavation --- directed by Peter Stead --- has been funded by English Heritage and South West Water to the tune of £250,000 .


Items so far recovered include prehistoric flint instruments , medieval pottery , a seventeenth-century water wheel , eighteenth-century clay ovens for scalding Devonshire cream , and nineteenth-century cider presses and apple crushers .

Items recovered include prehistoric flint instruments , medieval pottery , a seventeenth-century water wheel , eighteenth-century clay ovens , and nineteenth-century cider presses and apple crushers .


A permanent exhibition on the history of the valley is to be established near the dam in the early 1990s .

A permanent exhibition is to be established near the dam .


The flooding process , which begins next week , is expected to be complete by 1991 .

The flooding is expected to be complete by 1991 .


A £16.1m dam will hold back a 2.6-mile-long artificial lake to be known as the Roadford Reservoir .

A £16.1m dam will hold back a 2.6-mile-long Roadford Reservoir .


The dam itself --- 45 miles west of Exeter and completed two months ago --- is 430 metres across and 40 metres high .

The dam --- completed two months ago --- is 430 metres across and 40 metres high .


But the most important aspect of the project has been the excavation of domestic buildings built between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries .

most important has been the excavation of domestic buildings built between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries .


For the first time , archaeologists have been able to study in detail the techniques used by post-medieval builders to construct the typical `` cob '' houses for which the West Country is famous .

For the first time , archaeologists have been able to study the techniques used to construct `` cob '' houses .


Building in cob --- mud , straw and cow dung --- is no longer practised .


The tradition , which goes back at least 2,500 years , continued until the early part of this century .

The tradition , which goes back 2,500 years , continued until this century .


Although cob walls contain no stone , apart from the footings , they are remarkably resilient .

Although cob walls contain no stone , they are resilient .


Tens of thousands of traditional mud-built cob buildings are still in use throughout Devon and Cornwall .

thousands of cob buildings are still in use throughout Devon and Cornwall .


In the early nineteenth century , the area --- whose most celebrated son was the Rev Sabine Baring-Gould , composer of the hymn `` Onward Christian Soldiers '' --- supported at least 100 people .

In the early nineteenth century , the area supported 100 people .


It had its own brickworks , cloth mill and farms , and was largely self-sufficient .

It had brickworks , cloth mill and farms , and was largely self-sufficient .


The Man with the bulbous nose and large gold pinky ring was determined to have his photograph taken with Congressman Jim Florio .

The Man with the bulbous nose and pinky ring was determined to have his photograph taken with Congressman Jim Florio .


Elbowing his way through the crowd at the `` colonial streetfair '' inside the Loews Glenpointe Hotel , he said that having paid $ 500 to get in , he was n't about to leave without being photographed with the next governor of New Jersey .


Mr Florio 's formula has been to embrace those Republican policies which brought economic growth to the state during the Reagan years , while sharply attacking the Republicans ' conservative stand on social and environmental issues .

Florio 's formula has been to embrace Republican policies which brought economic growth , while attacking the conservative stand on social and environmental issues .


He contends that economic prosperity has given the voters the opportunity to choose on issues like abortion and the environment .

He contends prosperity has given the opportunity to choose on abortion and the environment .


To a large extent , the election has been fought on the airwaves , with both candidates delivering television advertisements attacking each other .

the election has been fought with both candidates delivering television advertisements attacking each other .


Because New Jersey does not have its own television station , or even a state newspaper , the candidates have bought expensive air time on the New York City-based stations and in Mr Florio 's case , they seem to be working .

Because New Jersey does not have its own television station , the candidates have bought air time on the New York stations and in Florio 's case , they seem to be working .


The Republicans placed an advertisement making a link between Mr Florio and the Mafia , which the Democrats have countered with ads referring to Mr Courter as a liar and showing his nose getting longer --- Pinocchio-style - as he speaks .

The Republicans placed an advertisement making a link between Florio and the Mafia , which the Democrats countered referring to Courter as a liar and showing his nose getting longer as he speaks .


The Republican advertisement shows Angelo Errichett , the Mayor of Camden --- which is in Mr Florio 's district --- being dragged off to jail after his conviction for corruption .

The Republican advertisement shows Angelo Errichett , Mayor of Camden --- in Florio 's district --- being dragged off to jail .


`` Joisey '' is still the butt of jokes made by New York sophisticates , but its political leaders , like the outgoing Governor Kean , now have national stature and have taken the lead in forming social policy for the rest of America on welfare reform , school financing , public housing and care of the environment .

`` Joisey '' is still the butt of jokes , but its leaders like Kean have national stature forming social policy for the rest of America on welfare school financing , public housing and the environment .


Almost a million new jobs have come to the state since 1990 , many in pharmaceuticals and electronics , making up for the 1,000 jobs a month which have been lost in mature heavy industries .

Almost a million new jobs have come since 1990 , many in pharmaceuticals and electronics , making up for jobs lost in heavy industries .


The state has a population of 7.6 million , making it the most densely populated in the union .

The state has a population of 7.6 million , the most densely populated .


Candidate Florio and his blonde wife , Lucinda , had no choice but to pose with the property developer from the Jersey waterfront before moving on past three mediocre belly-dancers , a man ( on stilts ) dressed up as Abraham Lincoln and an actor dressed up as Rip Van Winkle .

Florio and his wife had to pose with the property developer before moving on .


The Florios worked the room with ease and self-confidence and by the time they had reached the podium an aide to the candidate was saying that almost a million dollars had already been raised for the Democratic campaign .

The Florios worked the room with ease and by the time they reached the podium a million dollars had been raised for the Democratic campaign .


On the platform , Mr Florio asked the party faithful not to become too complacent .

Florio asked the party faithful not to become complacent .


`` To quote the famous American philosopher Yogi Berra ( of baseball fame ) , '' he said , `` It ai n't over till it 's over. '' With less than a month left before the 7 November election and opinion polls showing that he leads his Republican opponent , Congressman Jim Courter , by between 14 and 23 points , the race for governor of New Jersey is attracting intense national interest .

With a month left before the November election and opinion polls showing he leads his opponent , Jim Courter , by between 14 and 23 points , the race for governor of New Jersey is attracting national interest .


Traditionally a Democratic state , New Jersey has been under broad Republican control since Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in 1980 and Governor Thomas Kean narrowly defeated Mr Florio in 1981 .

Traditionally Democratic , New Jersey has been under Republican control since Reagan defeated Carter in 1980 and Thomas Kean defeated Mr Florio in 1981 .


Thanks to an economic boom which started in the Reagan era , New Jersey has started to shed its hackneyed image as the home of toxic dumps and second-class citizens .

Thanks to an economic boom which started in the Reagan era , New Jersey has started to shed its image of toxic dumps and second-class citizens .


Once looked upon as a valley of humility between two mountains of conceit --- New York City and Philadelphia --- the Garden State now has a much sharper image to present to the world .

Once a valley of humility between two mountains of conceit --- New York and Philadelphia --- the State now has a sharper image .


This year , with the Democrats poised to win the state , the national leadership is looking to see whether the same tactics can be used to turn back the tide on the Republicans nationwide .

with the Democrats poised to win , the national leadership is looking to see whether the same tactics can turn back the tide nationwide .


The West German government yesterday expressed `` great concern and deep dismay '' at police violence against East Germans demonstrating for reform at the weekend .

The West German government expressed concern dismay at police violence against East Germans demonstrating for reform .


It urged the East German leadership to respond to demands for freedom `` not with the police but with understanding and open-mindedness '' .

It urged the leadership to respond `` with understanding and open-mindedness '' .


The flow of East German refugees swelled during the 24 hours to Sunday morning from the normal 500-600 to 1,184 , bringing the number who have taken that route since Hungary opened its borders on 11 September to 35,000 .

The flow of refugees swelled from 500-600 to 1,184 , bringing the number who have taken that route since Hungary opened its borders to 35,000 .


A further 300 have taken refuge with the West German embassy in Warsaw and , although the East German-Czechoslovak border is virtually sealed off and the West German embassy in Prague is surrounded by police who turn would-be refugees away , 30 more have managed to get inside the building .

300 have taken refuge with the West German embassy in Warsaw and , although the embassy in Prague is surrounded by police , 30 have managed to get inside .


Rudolf Seiters , head of the West German chancellery , who played a big role in the deals to ship more than 14,000 from Warsaw and Prague to the West in special trains , said he was confident a solution will be found for them too .

Rudolf Seiters , who played a big role in the deals to ship 14,000 from Warsaw and Prague , was confident a solution will be found for them too .


Earlier , Mr Vogel said Mr Honecker 's speech on Saturday must have disappointed reformists in East Germany .

Mr Vogel said Honecker 's speech on Saturday must have disappointed reformists .


`` One could discern no forward-looking political thinking , nor any willingness even to contemplate reform. '' President Gorbachev , he said , had `` spoken clear words very cautiously .

`` no forward-looking , nor willingness to reform. '' Gorbachev , had `` spoken clear words very cautiously .


Whether the ( East German Communist ) leadership will draw the consequences remains to be seen. '' Mr Seiters said Mr Honecker 's speech was an `` oppressive contrast '' to the challenge posed him by the recent exodus and the upsurge of demands in East Germany for reform .

Whether the leadership will draw the consequences remains to be seen. '' Mr Seiters said Honecker 's speech was an `` oppressive contrast '' to the demands for reform .


East Germany must change course it if it is to stop the haemorrhage of its own people , he said , and renewed Bonn 's offer of financial assistance for reforms .

East Germany must change course , he said , and renewed Bonn 's offer of financial assistance .


Volker Ruhe , secretary-general of the ruling Christian Democrat party , said West German aid should include projects to improve East Germany 's consumer goods industries and to develop its environment technology .

Volker Ruhe , secretary-general of the Christian Democrat party , said aid should include projects to improve consumer goods industries and environment technology .


West Germany 's opposition Social Democrats yesterday cautiously welcomed the formation of an East German Social Democrat party , the first actual political party to emerge from the present ferment for reform .

West Germany 's Social Democrats cautiously welcomed the formation of an East German Social Democrat party , the first to emerge .


The caution was prompted by a desire not to seem anxious to dominate the fledgeling party .

The caution was prompted by a desire not to dominate the party .


The `` oppressive '' police violence , arrests and the jamming of a West Berlin radio station had thrown `` further heavy shadows '' over East Germany 's 40th anniversary , the deputy government spokesman , Dieter Vogel , said .

police violence , arrests and the jamming of a West Berlin radio station had thrown `` heavy shadows '' over East Germany 's 40th anniversary , the deputy government spokesman said .


`` It is not for us to steer these people or act on their behalf '' , said the Spd spokesman Eduard Heussen .

`` It is not for us to steer these people '' , said spokesman Eduard Heussen .


`` But we declare our solidarity with them. '' The Social Democrat party , banned by the Nazis in 1933 , returned to life for only one year after the war in what was then the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany .

`` we declare our solidarity with them. '' The Social Democrat party , banned by the Nazis , returned to life for only one year after the war .


In 1946 it was forcibly merged with the Communist Party into what was , and is , called the Socialist Unity Party ( Sed ) .

In 1946 it was forcibly merged with the Communist Party and called the Socialist Unity Party ( Sed ) .


The Social Democrats found themselves without influence inside a hard-line Stalinist party .

The Social Democrats found themselves without influence inside a Stalinist party .


At the same time West German leaders renewed their pressure on the East German regime to follow Mikhail Gorbachev 's advice and bring in glasnost and perestroika .

West German leaders renewed their pressure on the East German regime to follow Gorbachev 's perestroika .


They again offered strong economic backing for reforms .

They offered economic backing for reforms .


Dorothea Wilms , minister for intra-German affairs , and Oscar Lafontaine , Social Democrat prime minister of the Saarland ventured to hope that there would soon be changes in East Germany despite the fact that its leader , had not shown the slightest inclination to budge during the 40th anniversary celebrations and talks with the Soviet president .

Dorothea Wilms , minister for intra-German affairs , and Oscar Lafontaine , prime minister of Saarland hope there would soon be changes despite the fact that its leader , had not shown inclination to budge .


Hundreds of Western tourists were again turned away at crossing points in the Berlin Wall yesterday as East Berlin remained sealed off to all but those with regular visas for the fourth day running .

Western tourists were turned away at the Berlin Wall as East Berlin remained sealed off for the fourth day .


The authorities evidently feared that Westerners would reinforce protest demonstrators in the city .

The authorities feared Westerners would reinforce demonstrators .


A large and angry group of people hurled beer bottles and cans at East German border guards at the Checkpoint Charlie crossing point on Saturday and tore down parts of a newly metal fence in protest .

people hurled beer bottles and cans at East German border guards at the Checkpoint Charlie and tore down parts of a fence .


No-one was hurt but one man was detained by West German police for identification .

one man was detained by West German police .


The Number of people entitled to civil legal aid has fallen by more than 14 million since 1979 , according to research published today .

The Number of people entitled to legal aid has fallen by 14 million since 1979 .


The findings confirm earlier estimates of a large drop in eligibility and will fuel renewed calls for the legal aid means test to be thoroughly reviewed .

The findings confirm a drop in eligibility and will fuel calls for the legal aid means test to be reviewed .


`` Green form '' advice for consumer problems was 16 per cent down on the previous year .

`` Green form '' advice was 16 per cent down on the previous year .


Help with employment disputes fell by 14 per cent , with debt , immigration and housing matters showing falls of 13 , 9 and 8 per cent respectively .

Help with employment fell by 14 per cent , with debt , immigration and housing showing falls of 13 , 9 and 8 per cent respectively .


Like previous studies , Mr Murphy 's analysis uses conservative assumptions and legal aid experts say the problem could be much more serious .

Mr Murphy 's analysis uses conservative assumptions and legal aid experts say the problem could be more serious .


Mr Murphy says eligibility levels which took account of variations between households and actual , rather than assumed , figures for tax and housing , could be definitively assessed by further analysis of detailed Family Expenditure Survey statistics at the cost of only a few thousand pounds .

Mr Murphy says eligibility which took account of variations between households and actual figures for tax and housing , could be definitively assessed by further analysis of Family Expenditure Survey statistics .


Lord Mackay has treated claims that eligibility has substantially fallen as speculative .

Lord Mackay treated claims eligibility has fallen as speculative .


But there is now tacit acceptance at the Lord Chancellor 's department that the subject must be investigated .

there is acceptance that the subject must be investigated .


`` Over the last couple of months we have begun a preliminary look at the statistics with a view to doing our own calculations .

`` we have begun a view to doing our calculations .


The Family Expenditure Surveys will be a part of the exercise , '' a spokeswoman said .

The Family Expenditure Surveys will be a part of the exercise '' .


But she added : `` Numbers are one thing , effects are another .

she added : `` Numbers are one thing , effects another .


The scheme was intended for people of poor or moderate means .

The scheme was for people of poor means .


Compared with 10 years ago , when it was estimated that at least 70 per cent of two-parent households with two children came within the scheme , less than half of two-parent families now qualify , according to the author of the study , Michael Murphy , a statistician at the London School of Economics .

Compared with 10 years ago , when it was estimated that 70 per cent of households with children came within the scheme , less than half of families now qualify , according to the of the study at the London School of Economics .


We will need to discover who is really being stopped from going ahead with legal action , or whether people are making choices between legal action or re-mortgaging their house , a holiday , a car or otherwise freeing money which is tied up. ''

We need to discover whether people are making choices between legal action or freeing money which is tied up. ''


Claimants under the scheme receive advice or representation free or subject to a contribution linked to disposable income .

Claimants receive representation free or subject to a contribution linked to income .


But legal aid experts argue that low income and capital limits are denying access to justice to increasing numbers of people who cannot afford to pay privately .

legal aid experts argue that income and capital limits are denying access to justice to increasing numbers of people .


Mr Murphy 's analysis of available earnings and spending data , including the Department of Employment 's most recent Family Expenditure Survey , is revealed in today 's Legal Action .

Mr Murphy 's analysis of data , including the Department of Employment 's most recent Family Expenditure Survey , is revealed in today 's Legal Action .


The analysis concludes that 1 million households and more than 21/2 million people have dropped out of the legal aid net in the two years since Lord Mackay of Clashfern became Lord Chancellor .

more than 21/2 million people have dropped out of the legal aid net in two years .


Over the last decade , the upper disposable income limit rose by about 50 per cent , but earnings rose by 135 per cent and prices by 93 per cent .

Over the last decade , the income limit rose by 50 per cent , but earnings rose by 135 per cent and prices by 93 per cent .


Mr Murphy 's findings are borne out by new evidence of a decline in the use of legal aid .

Mr Murphy 's findings are borne out by evidence of a decline in legal aid .


Figures for the year ended 31 March 1989 , due to be published at the end of the year , show an overall 8 per cent drop in the use of the `` green form '' initial advice and assistance scheme , as compared with an overall increase the previous year of 10 per cent .

Figures for the year ended 31 March 1989 , show an 8 per cent drop in the advice and assistance scheme , as compared with an overall increase the previous year of 10 per cent .


Most Of Setsuko 's paintings were sold by Friday lunchtime --- and the show at the Lefevre Gallery only opened on Thursday .

Most Of Setsuko 's paintings were sold by Friday --- the show at the Lefevre Gallery opened on Thursday .


Her gouache paintings on paper depict unpeopled interiors and flowers with a Japanese sense of colour and design , but their intriguing magic derives from the marriage of East and West .

Her gouache paintings depict unpeopled interiors and flowers with a Japanese sense of design , but their magic derives from the marriage of East and West .


Anthony Caro 's prices are 10 times higher --- but then he is the founding father of British avant-garde sculpture and does much of his work in the Us where prices are higher .

Anthony Caro 's prices are 10 times higher --- he is the father of British avant-garde sculpture and does work in the Us .


A major exhibition of his 1980s sculpture is split between Annely Juda Fine Art and the Knoedler Gallery .

A exhibition of his 1980s sculpture is split between Annely Juda Fine Art and the Knoedler Gallery .


The Knoedler pieces are evocations in welded metal of the balance of forms in some of the most famous Western paintings , Manet 's Dejeuner sur l'herbe and the Descent from the Cross as interpreted by Rubens and Rembrandt .

The Knoedler pieces are evocations in welded metal of forms in Manet 's Dejeuner sur l'herbe and the Descent from the Cross by Rubens and Rembrandt .


The powerful balance of these figure compositions is highlighted when they are transposed into tubes and sheets of metal .

The balance is highlighted when they are transposed into tubes and sheets of metal .


They are priced between $ 150,000 ( Manet ) and $ 180,000 ( Rembrandt ) .

They are priced between $ 150,000 and $ 180,000 .


Annely Juda has used the gallery 's three floors to divide the exhibits into three distinct groups .

Annely Juda 's three floors divide the exhibits into three groups .


The ground floor has big architectural metal sculptures , dominated by the Elephant Palace whose abstract form in shiny brass echoes the monumental mass of an elephant and scores the top price at $ 250,000 .

The ground floor has architectural sculptures , dominated by the Elephant Palace at $ 250,000 .


The first floor contains paper sculptures --- he has used torn , cut , folded and painted paper to form provocative jumbles contained in plexiglass cases ; these abstract explorations of texture and form , which closely parallel his metal pieces , are attractively priced at $ 10,000 .

The first floor contains paper sculptures in plexiglass cases ; these explorations of texture and form are priced at $ 10,000 .


It is clearly harder work to produce smaller images in metal ; the contorted metal forms in the third-floor gallery , mostly two to three foot high , cost between $ 40,000 and $ 60,000 .

the metal forms in the third-floor gallery , two to three foot high , cost between $ 40,000 and $ 60,000 .


Fischer Fine Art is showing Elisabeth Frink , the grande dame of British sculpture .

Fischer Fine Art is showing Elisabeth Frink .


The chairs and tables , shopping baskets , watering cans and tablecloths are Western , as are the flowers .

chairs tables , shopping baskets , watering cans and tablecloths are Western , as are the flowers .


She represents a wholly different tradition in twentieth-century sculpture to Caro .

She represents a different tradition in sculpture to Caro .


Where he is abstract and geometric , she is figurative and expressionist .


The show is dominated by more than life-size naked bronze men inspired by the majestic Hellenistic bronze warriors rescued from the sea off southern Italy in the 1970s .

The show is dominated by more than life-size naked bronze men inspired by the Hellenistic bronze warriors .


Their heavy , menacing bodies , roughly finished and coloured with acid cost £50,000 .

Their bodies , roughly finished and coloured with acid cost £50,000 .


Other works start at £2,500 and include drawings , small animal bronzes , paper cut-outs and massive plaster heads .

Other works start at £2,500 and include drawings , animal bronzes , paper cut-outs and plaster heads .


They have been arranged in a Western home by the Japanese wife of Balthus , the great French painter .

They have been arranged in a Western home by the Japanese wife of Balthus .


Balthus , who is 81 , married Setsuko , now 47 , in 1967 .

Balthus , 81 , married Setsuko , 47 , in 1967 .


She began to paint after the birth of her first child in 1973 .


The Lefevre show , which moves on to Tokyo in November , is Setsuko 's fourth exhibition .

The Lefevre show is Setsuko 's fourth exhibition .


While her husband 's work is seen as one of the landmarks in Western painting of the twentieth century , she has retained her own identity , working with the exquisite finesse of the best , traditional Japanese painters .

While her husband 's work is one of the landmarks in Western painting , she has retained her identity , working with the finesse of traditional Japanese painters .


There are just hints of Balthus 's influence in her interiors ; enough to add a piquancy to a supremely-decorative style .

There are hints of Balthus 's influence .


Her work would be a pleasure to live with at any price and the £9,000 to £13,000 range seems modest compared with much of the contemporary art on offer in London .

Her work would be a pleasure to live with at any price and the £9,000 to £13,000 range seems modest .


Going to the theatre , concerts and art galleries remains largely the privilege of the well-off and well-educated , and of more women than men , research shows .

Going to the theatre , concerts and galleries remains the privilege of the well-off and well-educated , and of more women than men .


A year-long survey of the habits of 24,000 adults in England , Wales and Scotland has found that people with an annual household income of £20,000 or more have considerably higher levels of attendance than those in lower income groups .

A survey of 24,000 adults in England , Wales and Scotland has found that people with an household income of £20,000 or more have higher levels of attendance .


Arts Council officers are understood to be considering changing the practice of handing out separate information about the arts to the different political party conferences .

Arts Council officers are considering changing the practice of handing out information to political party conferences .


As reported in some editions of The Independent last week , the Arts Council leaflet aimed at this week 's Conservative Party conference differs starkly from the one handed out to Labour delegates in Brighton last week .

the Arts Council leaflet at this week 's Conservative Party conference differs from the one handed out to Labour .


The leaflet earmarked for the Tories will stress the earning potential of the arts , its management and marketing skills , and the usefulness of sponsorship .

The leaflet for the Tories will stress the earning potential of the arts , management and marketing skills , and the usefulness of sponsorship .


The leaflet given to Labour activists mentions none of these things , concentrating on how many ordinary people go to arts events .

The leaflet given to Labour mentions how many ordinary people go to arts events .


In a memorable set of class assumptions , the Labour leaflet looks at how many people go to opera , jazz and West End theatres , while in the message to Tories only opera remains .


Neil Kinnock appears to have failed to convince the Arts Council that his party now has a wide constituency covering large sections of the middle classes , and might have business contacts .

Neil Kinnock appears to have failed to convince the Arts Council that his party has a wide constituency , and might have business contacts .


The Labour leaflet compared the numbers going to the Royal Shakespeare Company with attendances at Wembley Stadium , Aida with the Ideal Home Exhibition , and ballet , somewhat incongruously , with Rugby Union .

The Labour leaflet compared numbers going to the Royal Shakespeare Company with attendances at Wembley Stadium , Aida with the Ideal Home Exhibition , and ballet with Rugby Union .


And , without a hint of irony , under the heading `` All kinds of people enjoy the arts '' , it says that 3.1 million News of the World readers go to the theatre , and 1,157,000 Sun readers attend art galleries or exhibitions .

it says that 3.1 million News of the World readers go to the theatre , and 1,157,000 Sun readers attend exhibitions .


It was very high for people who took their full-time education beyond the age of 18 , and higher among women than men for all art forms except jazz and art galleries .

It was very high for people who took full-time education beyond 18 , and higher among women for all except jazz and galleries .


The information , collected for the Arts Council by the British Market Research Bureau , shows that in an average period of four weeks during 1988-89 , 6 per cent of the adult population went to the theatre , 4 per cent to an art gallery , 2 per cent to classical music and 1 per cent to jazz .

The information shows that in an average four weeks during 1988-89 , 6 per cent went to the theatre , 4 to an gallery , 2 to classical music and 1 per cent to jazz .


Over a three-month period , opera attracted 1 per cent of the population but ballet and contemporary dance fewer than 1 per cent .

Over a three-month period , opera attracted 1 per cent but ballet and contemporary dance fewer .


Of the 24,058 people interviewed , 37.7 per cent of women attended arts events and 33.1 per cent of men .


Above the £20,000 income threshold , more than half of those interviewed go to arts events .

Above the £20,000 threshold , more than half go to arts events .


Fewer than 30 per cent of those earning up to £8,000 go , and fewer than 40 per cent of those earning up to £15,000 .


Nearly 55 per cent of people who have been in higher education had been to the theatre in the survey period , but fewer than 19 per cent of those who left school at 16 .

55 per cent of people who have been in higher education had been to the theatre in the survey period , but 19 per cent of those who left school at 16 .


For art galleries the figures are 50 per cent and 16 per cent , for classical music 32 per cent and 8 per cent .

For art galleries the figures are 50 and 16 per cent , for classical music 32 and 8 per cent .


There Were fears last night that the first substantial cracks had opened in the facade of the European Community 's `` Project 1992 '' after finance ministers appeared to concede that the deadline for creating a truly seamless marketplace for traders cannot be met .

cracks opened in the European Community 's `` Project 1992 '' after finance ministers appeared to concede that the deadline for creating a seamless marketplace cannot be met .


In an attempt to overcome a two-year-old impasse over European Commission proposals for an alignment of national rates of Value Added Tax ( Vat ) and Excise rates by 1993 , the ministers agreed to abandon key provisions for revising Vat collection arrangements .

In an attempt to overcome a impasse for an alignment of Vat and Excise rates by 1993 , the ministers agreed to abandon provisions for revising Vat collection arrangements .


France 's Finance Minister , Pierre Beregevoy , insisted a step had been taken towards eliminating fiscal frontiers .

France 's Finance Minister insisted a step had been taken towards eliminating fiscal frontiers .


When pressed , he almost conceded that something of the original philosophy of the 1992 programme may have been lost .

he almost conceded that something of the philosophy of the programme may have been lost .


`` Rather than seeing total disagreement , I would prefer to have a good compromise , '' he said .

`` Rather than total disagreement , I would prefer a compromise , '' he said .


`` I would rather make pragmatic progress than theoretical progress. '' Britain 's junior Treasury Minister , Peter Lilley , also defended the new tactics .

`` I would rather make pragmatic than theoretical progress. '' Britain 's junior Treasury Minister defended the tactics .


`` We ca n't faff around forever , '' he said .


`` The Uk was not alone in thinking that the original proposal was too rigid and paid insufficient regard to market forces. '' The Ec Commissioner now responsible for tax , France 's Christiane Scrivener , shuffled out of the meeting unusually declining to speak to journalists .

`` the original proposal was too rigid '' The Ec Commissioner responsible for tax , Christiane Scrivener , shuffled out of the meeting declining to speak to journalists .


Last week , she outraged her Commission colleagues by suggesting that the government 's paper , which has unanimous backing , might prove irresistible .

Last week , she outraged her Commission colleagues by suggesting that the government 's paper might prove irresistible .


It may not be long before her view is upheld .


Any decision on taxation has to be taken by the member states unanimously and there now seems little hope that the Commission can deflect them from the course they set out upon yesterday .

Any decision on taxation has to be taken unanimously and there seems little hope the Commission can deflect them from the course they set .


Perhaps more grave , however , is the fact that still more contentious aspects of the plan are also still unresolved , notably the extent to which governments can be persuaded to approximate their highly divergent rates of Vat Excise duties .

contentious aspects of the plan are still unresolved , notably the extent governments can be persuaded to approximate their rates of Vat .


These asked for an end to the current system of zero-rating goods bound for export to other Ec states in favour of levying Vat on all taxable goods sold , regardless of where in the Community they are to be sold .

These asked for an end to zero-rating goods for export to other Ec states in favour of Vat on goods , regardless of where in the Community they are to be sold .


Three countries --- Denmark , Ireland and Belgium --- meanwhile indicated yesterday that they remain opposed to another key element , which forsees the abolition of all limits on tax-paid goods that can be carried across borders by private travellers .

Denmark , Ireland and Belgium indicated that they remain opposed the abolition of all limits on tax-paid goods carried across borders by travellers .


These governments fear a vast loss of revenue to the low-rate neighbour countries if these limits --- so-called `` travellers '' allowances ' --- are abandoned .

These governments fear a loss of revenue to the low-rate neighbour countries .


However , if they are maintained --- and car boots still have to be checked for goods that may exceed the allowances in worth --- then the whole dream of a frontier-free Community will be lost .

if car boots still have to be checked the dream of a frontier-free Community will be lost .


Thus , in tax terms at least , the 12 Ec states would become one .

in tax terms the 12 Ec states would become one .


The Commission argues that switching from zero-rating to tax-paid exports would provide the only way of scrapping checks on traders at borders without inviting fraud on a massive scale .

The Commission argues that switching would provide the only way of scrapping checks at borders without inviting fraud .


It also suggests that this is vital if traders are to be convinced that trading across frontiers is no more strange than doing business with the shopkeeper next door .

It suggests this is vital if traders are to be convinced that trading across frontiers is no more than doing business with the shopkeeper next door .


Yesterday , however , the ministers endorsed a counter-proposal prepared by senior treasury officials , which asks that the current zero-rating mechanisms are maintained `` for a limited period '' , on the grounds that too little time is left to adapt to a new system .

the ministers endorsed a counter-proposal , which asks that the current mechanisms are maintained `` for a limited period '' , to adapt to a new system .


The governments ' main complaint is that for the Commission 's plan to work , a special clearing house would have to be set up to reapportion Vat revenue levied in the country of export which would be owing to that of import - where the product would be consumed .

The governments ' complaint is that for the plan to work , a clearing house would have to be set up to reapportion Vat levied in the country of export to that of import .


National officials answer the Commission fears of fraud by proposing a system of double-checking on traders , whereby they would be obliged to list every item exported and imported for spot-checking .

National officials answer fears of fraud by proposing a system of double-checking on traders , whereby they would be obliged to list every item for spot-checking .


The Commission thinks this would would present businessmen with new paperwork perhaps more burdensome than border checks themselves .

The Commission thinks this would present paperwork more burdensome than border checks .


Fourteen Nuns battling to save their flock of 5,000 chickens from slaughter have won a further reprieve .

Fourteen Nuns battling to save their 5,000 chickens from slaughter have won a reprieve .


Lawyers representing the nuns from the Our Lady of the Passion Monastery , Daventry , Northamptonshire , were yesterday granted a judicial review of the Ministry of Agriculture order to slaughter the chickens .

Lawyers representing the nuns from Our Lady of the Passion Monastery , were granted a review of the Ministry of Agriculture order .


However , the nuns said the ministry changed its account after initially telling them that Salmonella enteriditis was responsible .

the ministry changed its account after initially telling them that Salmonella was responsible .


Richard North , an environmental health officer advising the nuns , said last night that they were all `` delighted '' with the outcome .

Richard North , an environmental health officer advising the nuns , said they were `` delighted '' with the outcome .


Mother Catherine , 82 , the mother superior , will attend the hearing on Friday , he said .

Mother Catherine , 82 , the mother superior , will attend .


Mr North is technical adviser to the United Kingdom Egg Producers ' Association , which has launched an appeal to meet the nuns ' legal costs .

the United Kingdom Egg Producers ' Association launched an appeal to meet the nuns ' legal costs .


A spokesman for the ministry said it would continue consultation with Mother Catherine , and would be studying the papers submitted by the lawyers .

A spokesman said it would continue consultation with Mother Catherine , and would be studying the papers submitted by the lawyers .


`` There is still a statutory obligation to slaughter the flock , '' he said .

`` There is a statutory obligation to slaughter the flock '' .


This followed a private hearing before Mr Justice Konrad Schiemann in London .

This followed a hearing before Mr Justice Konrad Schiemann .


It is alleged that the flock is infected with Salmonella typhimurium .

It is alleged that the flock is infected with Salmonella .


The judicial review hearing will take place on Friday in the High Court when the full arguments will be presented , according to Dennis Cooper , who is representing the nuns .

The hearing will take place on Friday when the full arguments will be presented , according to Dennis Cooper , who is representing the nuns .


In a written application for the review , lawyers said the decision to slaughter was made `` despite a significant lack of evidence of a connection between the food poisoning outbreak in Bedworth and the monastery '' .

lawyers said the decision was made `` despite a lack of evidence of a connection between the food poisoning in Bedworth and the monastery '' .


Ministry officials were also accused of giving conflicting evidence , leaving doubt as to the accuracy and reliability of reports of infection .

Ministry officials were accused of giving conflicting evidence , leaving doubt as to the reliability of reports of infection .


They had refused to supply details of alleged infection and this deprived the nuns of a chance to determine whether mistakes had been made , the lawyers said .

They refused to supply details and this deprived the nuns of a chance to determine whether mistakes had been made .


They said the failure to give full reasons for the intended slaughter and the absence of any factual basis for the action justified the High Court in blocking the order .

the failure to give full reasons and the absence of any basis justified the High Court blocking the order .


The ministry claims that an outbreak of food poisoning in July , at Bedworth , near Daventry , caused by Salmonella typhimurium was traced to the monastery .

The ministry claims that an outbreak of food poisoning in July near Daventry , was traced to the monastery .


A Un Mission has not yet found any detainees in Swapo refugee camps , prison camps , bases and other facilities in Angola and Zambia , the Un Special Representative for Namibia , Martti Ahtisaari , said yesterday .

Un has not yet found detainees in Swapo camps in Angola and Zambia , Un Representative , Martti Ahtisaari , said .


In making public the findings so far of the Mission on Detainees in Angola and Zambia , Mr Ahtisaari said that the group would keep trying to find about 250 people reported to have been detained or missing .

Mr Ahtisaari said the group would keep trying to find 250 people reported missing .


But Mr Ahtisaari said that more recent checking , against the roll of Namibians who registered to vote in recent months , turned up 54 more names , and the mission expects to find that at least 20 others have been repatriated .

Mr Ahtisaari said that recent checking against the roll of Namibians who registered to vote turned up 54 more names , and the mission expects to find at least 20 others .


An anomaly in the report is that it lists 21 `` locations of alleged detainees '' in Angola .

the report lists 21 `` locations of alleged detainees '' in Angola .


The team visited only 10 .


But war was under way again in southern Angola , the team faced obvious difficulties and had to rely on information from the Angolan government .

war was under way in Angola , the team had to rely on information from the government .


It is still not clear whether the approximately 250 people still listed as missing include those whom ex-detainees say were still alive in May , or if they include the names of those last seen in 1984 or 1986 .

It is not clear whether the 250 people still missing include those whom ex-detainees say were alive in May , or those last seen in 1984 or 1986 .


`` At the alleged places of detention , '' Mr Ahtisaari said , `` the facilities were found to have been stripped of all valuable material and not to have been inhabited for several weeks at least. '' As a result of interviews with local people , he said , the mission did not believe that any detainees were moved from prison camps `` to another place prior to the mission 's arrival '' .

Mr Ahtisaari said `` the facilities were found not to have been inhabited for weeks '' the mission did not believe any detainees were moved `` to another place prior to the mission 's arrival '' .


The Un team spent three weeks visiting the camps in September .

The Un team spent three weeks visiting the camps .


It found that a number of them were `` what could be described as pits '' , according to the Nigerian ambassador , Ba Clark , who headed the team and who represents the United Nations Transition Assistance Group ( Untag ) in Angola .

a number of them could be described as pits , according to the Nigerian ambassador , Ba Clark , who headed the team .


He described the facilities as `` bricks , cement or mud-lined holes in the ground without steps or , by now , roofs '' .

He described the facilities as `` bricks , cement or mud-lined holes in the ground without steps or roofs '' .


Before it left , the Un mission compiled information on 1,100 people who had been detained , were alleged to have been detained or who were said to be missing , back to 1977 .

the mission compiled information on 1,100 people who had been detained or said to be missing , back to 1977 .


The information came from a variety of sources , including Swapo itself .

The information came from a variety of sources , including Swapo .


The mission then cross-checked the names with those of people repatriated to Namibia through the Un High Commissioner for Refugees programme , which has brought back 41,000 Namibians , including most Swapo guerrillas .

The mission then cross-checked the names with those of people repatriated to Namibia , 41,000 including most Swapo guerrillas .


Mr Ahtisaari said that only 315 people were then found to be unaccounted for , because the mission 's list contained duplications , vague identifications , names of people who have been released and repatriated , names of people never detained and some who have been reported dead .


Chris Patten , Secretary of State for the Environment , yesterday steered further away from the philosophy of his predecessor , Nicholas Ridley , and emphasised the need for state regulation to protect the countryside .

Chris Patten , Secretary of State for the Environment , steered away from the philosophy of his predecessor , and emphasised the need for regulation to protect the countryside .


In a key speech to the Blackpool conference , Mr Patten announced the immediate withdrawal of proposals to relax planning controls over rural land use .

In the Blackpool conference , Mr Patten announced the withdrawal of proposals to relax controls over rural land use .


`` We must still trust the market at the end of the day .


I do n't want restrictions ; I do n't want controls , '' Mr Mason said .

I do n't want restrictions , '' Mr Mason said .


But Mr Patten told him good government should be founded on fact , not fantasy .

Mr Patten told good government should be founded on fact .


`` The greatest of Tories , Edmund Burke , reminded us of our duties as trustees for the nation , as good stewards of its traditions , its values and its riches .

`` Edmund Burke reminded us of our duties as trustees for the nation .


A nation , wrote Burke , is a partnership between the past , the present and the future .

A nation is a partnership between the past , the present and the future .


So let there be no doubt .


Just as there is an overwhelming moral argument for prudent management of the economy , so there is an overwhelming ethical argument for prudent management of the environment. '' Filling in more detail on the Environment Protection Bill for the coming session of Parliament , Mr Patten said the public would be given more access than ever before to information about industrial pollution and about how individual firms would be obliged to clean up their operations .

as there is an argument for management of the economy , so there is for the environment. '' Mr Patten said the public would be given more access to information about pollution and firms would be obliged to clean up their operations .


Fines for litter louts will go up from a maximum of £400 to £1,000 .

Fines for litter louts will go up to £1,000 .


Local authorities will have a duty to keep the streets clean , on pain of being taken to court by members of the public .

Local authorities will have a duty to keep the streets clean .


The Bill will also place a duty on councils to include re-cycling in their waste disposal plans .

The Bill will place a duty on councils to include re-cycling in waste disposal plans .


Conservationists had protested that Mr Ridley 's plans for broadening economic activity on farmland could lead to a rash of theme parks , shopping developments and housing estates .

Conservationists had protested that Mr Ridley 's plans could lead to a rash of theme parks , shopping developments and housing estates .


Of the 18 million tonnes of household waste produced annually , only 2.7m tonnes is treated or re-used .

Of the 18 million tonnes only 2.7m tonnes is treated or re-used .


`` We want industry to cut down on its own waste and make better use of other people 's .


We should aim to re-cycle half our household waste within 10 years. '' Turning to the White Paper , to be published before the next party conference , he said it would set out the Conservatives ' agenda for the rest of this century .

We should aim to re-cycle half 10 years. '' the White Paper would set out the Conservatives ' agenda for this century .


Mr Patten said the Government wanted to tighten agreements already reached towards ending the depletion of stratospheric ozone .

the Government wanted to tighten agreements towards ending the depletion of stratospheric ozone .


`` We intend to work just as creatively to negotiate a convention on climate change --- a framework of action for the nations of the world .

`` We intend to negotiate a convention on climate change .