
==== Front
BMC Psychiatry
BMC Psychiatry
BMC Psychiatry
1471-244X BioMed Central London 

2965
10.1186/s12888-020-02965-7
Correction
Correction to: Safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended-release in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label, long-term, phase 3 extension study
Iwanami Akira tbrooks@example.org 1 Saito Kazuhiko 2 Fujiwara Masakazu 3 Okutsu Daiki 4 Ichikawa Hironobu 5 1 grid.410714.70000 0000 8864 3422Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, 6-11-11 Kita Karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8577 Japan 
2 Aiiku Counselling Office, Aiiku Research Institute, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo, Japan 
3 grid.419164.f0000 0001 0665 2737Biostatistics Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan 
4 grid.419164.f0000 0001 0665 2737Clinical Research Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan 
5 Japan Developmental Disorders Network, Tokyo, Japan 
22 12 2020 
22 12 2020 
2020 
20 596© The Author(s) 2020Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.issue-copyright-statement© The Author(s) 2020
==== Body
Correction to: BMC Psychiatry 20, 485 (2020)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02867-8

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in Table 4. The correct table is given below.
Table 4 Key Efficacy Measures During Long-term Treatment With GXR

			Week 50	Last observation in the treatment period	
Endpoint	Patient populations	Week 0	Change from week 0	p-value	Change from week 0	p-value	
ADHD-RS-IVa, mean (95% CI)	
 Total scores	Former placebo patients	24.76 (22.53, 26.99)	−8.31 (−10.72, −5.89)	<.0001	−5.94 (−7.53, −4.36)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	22.31 (19.65, 24.97)	−9.11 (−11.19, −7.03)	<.0001	−7.87 (−9.68, −6.06)	<.0001	
New patients	32.80 (30.93, 34.68)	−19.69 (−23.35, −16.03)	<.0001	−16.54 (−19.77, −13.31)	<.0001	
 Inattention score	Former placebo patients	17.36 (15.97, 18.76)	−5.51 (−7.15, −3.87)	<.0001	−3.90 (−5.03, −2.76)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	15.37 (13.68, 17.07)	−5.82 (−7.22, −4.42)	<.0001	−4.87 (−6.04, −3.70)	<.0001	
New patients	21.68 (20.12, 23.24)	−12.10 (−14.70, −9.51)	<.0001	−10.02 (−12.28, −7.76)	<.0001	
 Hyperactivity-impulsivity score	Former placebo patients	7.40 (6.15, 8.65)	−2.80 (−4.00, −1.59)	<.0001	−2.05 (−2.77, −1.32)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	6.94 (5.55, 8.32)	−3.29 (−4.40, −2.17)	<.0001	−3.00 (−3.96, −2.04)	<.0001	
New patients	11.12 (9.50, 12.74)	−7.59 (−9.81, −5.36)	<.0001	−6.51 (−8.25, −4.78)	<.0001	
CAARS scores (DSM-IV)a, mean (95% CI)	
 Total ADHD symptoms	Former placebo patients	25.08 (22.93, 27.23)	−6.27 (−8.65, −3.89)	<.0001	−4.60 (−6.17, −3.02)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	22.74 (20.07, 25.42)	−8.38 (−10.90, −5.86)	<.0001	−7.30 (−9.49, −5.10)	<.0001	
New patients	31.32 (28.64, 33.99)	−17.31 (−20.89, −13.73)	<.0001	−15.08 (−18.49, −11.66)	<.0001	
 Inattentive symptoms	Former placebo patients	17.40 (16.14, 18.65)	−3.96 (−5.57, −2.35)	<.0001	−2.90 (−4.02, −1.79)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	15.55 (13.90, 17.19)	−5.40 (−7.03, −3.77)	<.0001	−4.51 (−5.89, −3.13)	<.0001	
New patients	20.39 (18.48, 22.30)	−11.00 (−13.54, −8.46)	<.0001	−9.15 (−11.47, −6.83)	<.0001	
 Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms	Former placebo patients	7.68 (6.38, 8.98)	−2.31 (−3.55, −1.06)	.0005	−1.69 (−2.47, −0.92)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	7.19 (5.79, 8.60)	−2.98 (−4.30, −1.65)	<.0001	−2.79 (−3.92, −1.66)	<.0001	
New patients	10.93 (9.36, 12.49)	−6.31 (−8.17, −4.45)	<.0001	−5.93 (−7.56, −4.29)	<.0001	
CGI-I response ratesb, % of patients (95% CI)	
 Improvement rate (disease scores 1 or 2)	Former placebo patients	3.4 (0.7, 9.6)c	51.0 (36.3, 65.6)	NA	35.2 (25.3, 46.1)	NA	
Former GXR patients	4.8 (1.0, 13.5)c	64.4 (48.8, 78.1)	NA	53.2 (40.1, 66.0)	NA	
New patients	0.0 (0.0, 8.6)c	79.3 (60.3, 92.0)	NA	65.9 (49.4, 79.9)	NA	
PGI-I response ratesb, % of patients (95% CI)	
 Improvement rate (disease scores 1 or 2)	Former placebo patients	8.0 (3.3, 15.7)c	28.6 (16.6, 43.3)	NA	19.3 (11.7, 29.1)	NA	
Former GXR patients	9.7 (3.6, 19.9)c	42.2 (27.7, 57.8)	NA	33.9 (22.3, 47.0)	NA	
New patients	9.8 (2.7, 23.1)c	37.9 (20.7, 57.5)	NA	31.7 (18.1, 48.1)	NA	
Patients not ill or borderline mentally illb, % of patients (95% CI)	
 CGI-S scores 1 or 2	Former placebo patients	0.0 (0.0, 4.1)	14.3 (5.9, 27.2)	NA	8.0 (3.3, 15.7)	NA	
Former GXR patients	0.0 (0.0, 5.8)	26.7 (14.6, 41.9)	NA	22.6 (12.9, 35.0)	NA	
New patients	0.0 (0.0, 8.6)	20.7 (8.0, 39.7)	NA	17.1 (7.2, 32.1)	NA	
AAQoLa, mean (95% CI)	
 Total score	Former placebo patients	46.43 (43.21, 49.64)	4.13 (0.50, 7.75)	.0266	2.81 (0.31, 5.30)	.0282	
Former GXR patients	54.27 (49.78, 58.77)	4.29 (0.35, 8.23)	.0334	4.04 (0.88, 7.20)	.0131	
New patients	43.28 (38.38, 48.17)	12.75 (6.68, 18.81)	.0002	9.22 (4.11, 14.34)	.0008	
 Life productivity	Former placebo patients	48.04 (43.75, 52.33)	2.64 (−3.32, 8.61)	.3775	2.89 (−0.94, 6.72)	.1377	
Former GXR patients	57.88 (52.69, 63.08)	8.74 (4.69, 12.79)	<.0001	8.08 (4.76, 11.41)	<.0001	
New patients	44.29 (37.72, 50.86)	17.08 (9.11, 25.06)	.0001	14.38 (7.75, 21.00)	<.0001	
 Psychological health	Former placebo patients	47.02 (42.20, 51.83)	5.27 (0.57, 9.97)	.0286	2.60 (−1.14, 6.34)	.1710	
Former GXR patients	54.91 (48.88, 60.93)	2.78 (−2.69, 8.25)	.3117	1.57 (−2.82, 5.96)	.4771	
New patients	43.39 (36.92, 49.86)	11.35 (4.29, 18.41)	.0027	5.62 (−0.57, 11.82)	.0739	
 Life outlook	Former placebo patients	41.93 (38.20, 45.66)	2.59 (−1.97, 7.15)	.2597	1.37 (−1.76, 4.51)	.3868	
Former GXR patients	46.10 (41.64, 50.56)	−1.90 (−6.44, 2.63)	.4016	−0.35 (−4.08, 3.37)	.8510	
New patients	40.17 (35.10, 45.24)	8.23 (1.25, 15.21)	.0225	6.06 (0.71, 11.41)	.0275	
 Relationships	Former placebo patients	48.47 (44.01, 52.92)	8.16 (2.70, 13.63)	.0042	4.88 (1.15, 8.61)	.0109	
Former GXR patients	57.02 (50.97, 63.06)	5.00 (−1.10, 11.10)	.1058	4.26 (−0.82, 9.34)	.0984	
New patients	45.24 (38.72, 51.77)	11.21 (3.26, 19.16)	.0074	6.63 (−0.12, 13.37)	.0542	
BRIEF-A T-scorea, mean (95% CI)	
 Inhibit	Former placebo patients	57.24 (54.81, 59.66)	−3.69 (−6.39, −0.99)	.0084	−2.39 (−4.15, −0.63)	.0084	
Former GXR patients	51.68 (49.20, 54.16)	−1.84 (−4.04, 0.35)	.0977	−2.66 (−4.65, −0.66)	.0098	
New patients	59.68 (56.49, 62.87)	−8.07 (−11.76, −4.38)	.0001	−8.25 (−11.28, −5.22)	<.0001	
 Shift	Former placebo patients	69.55 (66.83, 72.27)	−5.84 (−9.00, −2.68)	.0005	−3.29 (−5.51, −1.08)	.0040	
Former GXR patients	62.73 (59.04, 66.41)	−4.60 (−8.30, −0.90)	.0159	−3.70 (−6.57, −0.84)	.0121	
New patients	70.07 (66.33, 73.81)	−8.86 (−11.81, −5.91)	<.0001	−8.63 (−11.18, −6.07)	<.0001	
 Emotional control	Former placebo patients	57.80 (55.51, 60.08)	−4.39 (−7.55, −1.23)	.0075	−3.26 (−5.34, −1.18)	.0025	
Former GXR patients	53.32 (50.75, 55.89)	−2.22 (−4.97, 0.53)	.1104	−1.52 (−3.72, 0.67)	.1703	
New patients	59.98 (56.74, 63.22)	−5.41 (−7.60, −3.23)	<.0001	−4.53 (−6.68, −2.37)	.0001	
 Self-monitor	Former placebo patients	61.81 (58.70, 64.91)	−6.39 (−8.98, −3.79)	<.0001	−4.48 (−6.45, −2.52)	<.0001	
Former GXR patients	56.06 (52.73, 59.40)	−4.93 (−8.10, −1.76)	.0031	−4.23 (−6.87, −1.58)	.0022	
New patients	61.24 (56.70, 65.79)	−7.86 (−11.77, −3.96)	.0003	−6.23 (−10.05, −2.40)	.0021	
 Behavioral regulation index	Former placebo patients	63.09 (60.46, 65.73)	−6.02 (−9.06, −2.98)	.0002	−4.06 (−6.05, −2.07)	.0001	
Former GXR patients	56.39 (53.43, 59.35)	−3.71 (−6.52, −0.90)	.0109	−3.26 (−5.52, −1.01)	.0053	
New patients	64.73 (61.24, 68.23)	−8.72 (−11.53, −5.92)	<.0001	−7.98 (−10.72, −5.23)	<.0001	
 Initiate	Former placebo patients	68.51 (65.65, 71.38)	−5.49 (−8.51, −2.46)	.0006	−3.87 (−5.94, −1.80)	.0004	
Former GXR patients	59.71 (56.58, 62.84)	−3.31 (−6.64, 0.02)	.0514	−2.03 (−4.87, 0.80)	.1563	
New patients	69.10 (64.97, 73.22)	−10.38 (−13.98, −6.78)	<.0001	−8.95 (−12.11, −5.79)	<.0001	
 Working memory	Former placebo patients	73.91 (71.07, 76.75)	−4.80 (−8.45, −1.15)	.0111	−3.31 (−5.68, −0.93)	.0069	
Former GXR patients	66.18 (62.57, 69.78)	−4.78 (−8.24, −1.32)	.0079	−3.92 (−6.70, −1.13)	.0066	
New patients	74.10 (70.29, 77.91)	−10.93 (−14.98, −6.88)	<.0001	−10.15 (−13.73, −6.57)	<.0001	
 Plan/organize	Former placebo patients	70.51 (67.74, 73.28)	−3.86 (−6.94, −0.78)	.0152	−2.32 (−4.37, −0.27)	.0270	
Former GXR patients	63.02 (59.52, 66.51)	−3.69 (−7.09, −0.29)	.0340	−3.00 (−5.90, −0.10)	.0426	
New patients	70.51 (66.57, 74.45)	−8.90 (−12.63, −5.16)	<.0001	−8.75 (−11.90, −5.60)	<.0001	
 Task monitor	Former placebo patients	72.63 (69.56, 75.69)	−6.76 (−9.95, −3.56)	<.0001	−4.07 (−6.35, −1.79)	.0006	
Former GXR patients	63.85 (60.22, 67.49)	−7.02 (−11.06, −2.99)	.0011	−4.89 (−8.34, −1.43)	.0063	
New patients	0.71 (66.07, 75.34)	−8.93 (−13.17, −4.70)	.0002	−8.35 (−12.12, −4.58)	<.0001	
 Organization of materials	Former placebo patients	65.97 (63.95, 67.98)	−5.00 (−7.82, −2.18)	.0008	−3.24 (−5.21, −1.26)	.0016	
Former GXR patients	58.61 (55.77, 61.45)	−3.31 (−5.55, −1.08)	.0046	−2.87 (−4.62, −1.11)	.0018	
New patients	65.73 (62.43, 69.03)	−8.41 (−11.90, −4.93)	<.0001	−7.88 (−11.03, −4.72)	<.0001	
 Metacognition index	Former placebo patients	73.36 (70.51, 76.21)	−5.80 (−9.04, −2.55)	.0008	−3.75 (−5.86, −1.65)	.0007	
Former GXR patients	64.16 (60.65, 67.68)	−5.02 (−8.21, −1.83)	.0028	−3.82 (−6.44, −1.20)	.0050	
New patients	73.24 (69.29, 77.20)	−11.14 (−14.95, −7.33)	<.0001	−10.35 (−13.69, −7.01)	<.0001	
 GEC index	Former placebo patients	70.52 (67.76, 73.29)	−6.41 (−9.59, −3.22)	.0002	−4.22 (−6.30, −2.15)	.0001	
Former GXR patients	61.73 (58.32, 65.13)	−4.84 (−7.96, −1.73)	.0031	−3.90 (−6.45, −1.36)	.0032	
New patients	71.10 (67.26, 74.93)	−10.86 (−14.29, −7.43)	<.0001	−10.05 (−13.21, −6.89)	<.0001	
AAQoL Adult ADHD Quality of Life Questionnaire, ADHD-RS-IV Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale IV with Adult Prompts, BRIEF-A Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, CAARS Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales, CGI-I Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, CGI-S Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness, CI confidence interval, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), GEC Global Executive Composite, GXR guanfacine extended-release, NA not applicable, PGI-I Patient Global Impression-Improvement

aChange from start of long-term treatment calculated using week 50 or last observation in the treatment period and assessed using two-sided t tests

bData are response rates at each time point. Differences in response rates from the start of long-term treatment or week 1 and week 50 or last observation in the treatment period were assessed using two-sided t tests

cData are response rates at week 1 of long-term treatment



The author group has been updated above and the original article [1] has been corrected.
==== Refs
Reference
1. Iwanami A    Safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended-release in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label, long-term, phase 3 extension study BMC Psychiatry 2020 20 167-70-3985/s12888-020-02867-8 33008345


{'source': 'PubMedDataset'}