import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from collections import defaultdict
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
from torch.optim import Adam
from torch.utils.tensorboard.writer import SummaryWriter
from typing import Optional, Sequence, TypeVar

from shared.algorithm import Algorithm
from shared.callbacks.callback import Callback
from shared.gae import compute_rtg_and_advantage, compute_advantage
from shared.trajectory import Trajectory, TrajectoryAccumulator
from vpg.policy import VPGActorCritic
from wrappers.vectorable_wrapper import VecEnv


@dataclass
class TrainEpochStats:
    pi_loss: float
    entropy_loss: float
    v_loss: float
    envs_with_done: int = 0
    episodes_done: int = 0

    def write_to_tensorboard(self, tb_writer: SummaryWriter, global_step: int) -> None:
        for name, value in asdict(self).items():
            tb_writer.add_scalar(f"losses/{name}", value, global_step=global_step)


class VPGTrajectoryAccumulator(TrajectoryAccumulator):
    def __init__(self, num_envs: int) -> None:
        super().__init__(num_envs, trajectory_class=Trajectory)
        self.completed_per_env: defaultdict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)

    def on_done(self, env_idx: int, trajectory: Trajectory) -> None:
        self.completed_per_env[env_idx] += 1


VanillaPolicyGradientSelf = TypeVar(
    "VanillaPolicyGradientSelf", bound="VanillaPolicyGradient"
)


class VanillaPolicyGradient(Algorithm):
    def __init__(
        self,
        policy: VPGActorCritic,
        env: VecEnv,
        device: torch.device,
        tb_writer: SummaryWriter,
        gamma: float = 0.99,
        pi_lr: float = 3e-4,
        val_lr: float = 1e-3,
        train_v_iters: int = 80,
        gae_lambda: float = 0.97,
        max_grad_norm: float = 10.0,
        n_steps: int = 4_000,
        sde_sample_freq: int = -1,
        update_rtg_between_v_iters: bool = False,
        ent_coef: float = 0.0,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(policy, env, device, tb_writer)
        self.policy = policy

        self.gamma = gamma
        self.gae_lambda = gae_lambda
        self.pi_optim = Adam(self.policy.pi.parameters(), lr=pi_lr)
        self.val_optim = Adam(self.policy.v.parameters(), lr=val_lr)
        self.max_grad_norm = max_grad_norm

        self.n_steps = n_steps
        self.train_v_iters = train_v_iters
        self.sde_sample_freq = sde_sample_freq
        self.update_rtg_between_v_iters = update_rtg_between_v_iters

        self.ent_coef = ent_coef

    def learn(
        self: VanillaPolicyGradientSelf,
        total_timesteps: int,
        callback: Optional[Callback] = None,
    ) -> VanillaPolicyGradientSelf:
        timesteps_elapsed = 0
        epoch_cnt = 0
        while timesteps_elapsed < total_timesteps:
            epoch_cnt += 1
            accumulator = self._collect_trajectories()
            epoch_stats = self.train(accumulator.all_trajectories)
            epoch_stats.envs_with_done = len(accumulator.completed_per_env)
            epoch_stats.episodes_done = sum(accumulator.completed_per_env.values())
            epoch_steps = accumulator.n_timesteps()
            timesteps_elapsed += epoch_steps
            epoch_stats.write_to_tensorboard(
                self.tb_writer, global_step=timesteps_elapsed
            )
            print(
                " | ".join(
                    [
                        f"Epoch: {epoch_cnt}",
                        f"Pi Loss: {round(epoch_stats.pi_loss, 2)}",
                        f"Epoch Loss: {round(epoch_stats.entropy_loss, 2)}",
                        f"V Loss: {round(epoch_stats.v_loss, 2)}",
                        f"Total Steps: {timesteps_elapsed}",
                    ]
                )
            )
            if callback:
                callback.on_step(timesteps_elapsed=epoch_steps)
        return self

    def train(self, trajectories: Sequence[Trajectory]) -> TrainEpochStats:
        self.policy.train()
        obs = torch.as_tensor(
            np.concatenate([np.array(t.obs) for t in trajectories]), device=self.device
        )
        act = torch.as_tensor(
            np.concatenate([np.array(t.act) for t in trajectories]), device=self.device
        )
        rtg, adv = compute_rtg_and_advantage(
            trajectories, self.policy, self.gamma, self.gae_lambda, self.device
        )

        _, logp, entropy = self.policy.pi(obs, act)
        pi_loss = -(logp * adv).mean()
        entropy_loss = entropy.mean()

        actor_loss = pi_loss - self.ent_coef * entropy_loss

        self.pi_optim.zero_grad()
        actor_loss.backward()
        nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.policy.pi.parameters(), self.max_grad_norm)
        self.pi_optim.step()

        v_loss = 0
        for _ in range(self.train_v_iters):
            if self.update_rtg_between_v_iters:
                rtg = compute_advantage(
                    trajectories, self.policy, self.gamma, self.gae_lambda, self.device
                )
            v = self.policy.v(obs)
            v_loss = ((v - rtg) ** 2).mean()

            self.val_optim.zero_grad()
            v_loss.backward()
            nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(self.policy.v.parameters(), self.max_grad_norm)
            self.val_optim.step()

        return TrainEpochStats(
            pi_loss.item(),
            entropy_loss.item(),
            v_loss.item(),  # type: ignore
        )

    def _collect_trajectories(self) -> VPGTrajectoryAccumulator:
        self.policy.eval()
        obs = self.env.reset()
        accumulator = VPGTrajectoryAccumulator(self.env.num_envs)
        self.policy.reset_noise()
        for i in range(self.n_steps):
            if self.sde_sample_freq > 0 and i > 0 and i % self.sde_sample_freq == 0:
                self.policy.reset_noise()
            action, value, _, clamped_action = self.policy.step(obs)
            next_obs, reward, done, _ = self.env.step(clamped_action)
            accumulator.step(obs, action, next_obs, reward, done, value)
            obs = next_obs
        return accumulator