---
thumbnail: https://github.com/rinnakk/japanese-pretrained-models/blob/master/rinna.png
language: ja
datasets:
  - reazon-research/reazonspeech
tags:
  - automatic-speech-recognition
  - speech
  - audio
  - hubert
  - gpt_neox
  - asr
  - nlp
license: apache-2.0
inference: false
---

# `rinna/nue-asr`

![rinna-icon](./rinna.png)

# Overview
[[Paper]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03668)
[[GitHub]](https://github.com/rinnakk/nue-asr)

We propose a novel end-to-end speech recognition model, `Nue ASR`, which integrates pre-trained speech and language models.

The name `Nue` comes from the Japanese word ([`鵺/ぬえ/Nue`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nue)), one of the Japanese legendary creatures ([`妖怪/ようかい/Yōkai`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai)).

This model provides end-to-end Japanese speech recognition with recognition accuracy comparable to the recent ASR models.
You can recognize speech faster than real time by using a GPU.

Benchmark scores, including our models, can be found at https://rinnakk.github.io/research/benchmarks/asr/

* **Model architecture**

    This model consists of three main components: HuBERT audio encoder, bridge network, and GPT-NeoX decoder.
    The weights of HuBERT and GPT-NeoX were initialized with the pre-trained weights of HuBERT and GPT-NeoX, respectively.
    - [japanese-hubert-base](https://huggingface.co/rinna/japanese-hubert-base)
    - [japanese-gpt-neox-3.6b](https://huggingface.co/rinna/japanese-gpt-neox-3.6b)

* **Training**

    The model was trained on approximately 19,000 hours of following Japanese speech corpus ReazonSpeech.
    Note that speech samples longer than 16 seconds were excluded before training.
    - [ReazonSpeech](https://huggingface.co/datasets/reazon-research/reazonspeech)


* **Contributors**

    - [Yukiya Hono](https://huggingface.co/yky-h)
    - [Koh Mitsuda](https://huggingface.co/mitsu-koh)
    - [Tianyu Zhao](https://huggingface.co/tianyuz)
    - [Kentaro Mitsui](https://huggingface.co/Kentaro321)
    - [Toshiaki Wakatsuki](https://huggingface.co/t-w)
    - [Kei Sawada](https://huggingface.co/keisawada)

---

# How to use the model

We tested our code using Python 3.8.10 and 3.10.12 with [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org/) 2.1.1 and [Transformers](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers) 4.35.2. 
This codebase is expected to be compatible with Python 3.8 or later and recent PyTorch versions. 
The version of Transformers should be 4.33.0 or higher.

First, install the code for inference of this model.

```bash
pip install git+https://github.com/rinnakk/nue-asr.git
```

Command-line interface and python interface are available.

## Command-line usage
The following command transcribes the audio file using the command line interface.
Audio files will be automatically downsampled to 16kHz.
```bash
nue-asr audio1.wav
```
You can specify multiple audio files.
```bash
nue-asr audio1.wav audio2.flac audio3.mp3
```

We can use [DeepSpeed-Inference](https://www.deepspeed.ai/inference/) to accelerate the inference speed of GPT-NeoX module.
If you use DeepSpeed-Inference, you need to install DeepSpeed.
```bash
pip install deepspeed
```

Then, you can use DeepSpeed-Inference as follows:
```bash
nue-asr --use-deepspeed audio1.wav
```

Run `nue-asr --help` for more information.

## Python usage
The example of Python interface is as follows:
```python
import nue_asr

model = nue_asr.load_model("rinna/nue-asr")
tokenizer = nue_asr.load_tokenizer("rinna/nue-asr")

result = nue_asr.transcribe(model, tokenizer, "path_to_audio.wav")
print(result.text)
```
`nue_asr.transcribe` function can accept audio data as either a `numpy.array` or a `torch.Tensor`, in addition to audio file paths.

Acceleration of inference speed using DeepSpeed-Inference is also available within the Python interface.
```python
import nue_asr

model = nue_asr.load_model("rinna/nue-asr", use_deepspeed=True)
tokenizer = nue_asr.load_tokenizer("rinna/nue-asr")

result = nue_asr.transcribe(model, tokenizer, "path_to_audio.wav")
print(result.text)
```

---

# Tokenization
The model uses the same sentencepiece-based tokenizer as [japanese-gpt-neox-3.6b](https://huggingface.co/rinna/japanese-gpt-neox-3.6b).

---

# How to cite
```bibtex
@article{hono2023integration,
    title={An Integration of Pre-Trained Speech and Language Models for End-to-End Speech Recognition},
    author={Hono, Yukiya and Mitsuda, Koh and Zhao, Tianyu and Mitsui, Kentaro and Wakatsuki, Toshiaki and Sawada, Kei},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.03668},
    year={2023}
}

@misc{rinna-nue-asr,
    title={rinna/nue-asr},
    author={Hono, Yukiya and Mitsuda, Koh and Zhao, Tianyu and Mitsui, Kentaro and Wakatsuki, Toshiaki and Sawada, Kei},
    url={https://huggingface.co/rinna/nue-asr}
}
```
---

# References
```bibtex
@article{hsu2021hubert,
    title={HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Units},
    author={Hsu, Wei-Ning and Bolte, Benjamin and Tsai, Yao-Hung Hubert and Lakhotia, Kushal and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan and Mohamed, Abdelrahman},
    journal={IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
    year={2021},
    volume={29},
    pages={3451-3460},
    doi={10.1109/TASLP.2021.3122291}
}

@software{andoniangpt2021gpt,
    title={{GPT-NeoX: Large Scale Autoregressive Language Modeling in PyTorch}},
    author={Andonian, Alex and Anthony, Quentin and Biderman, Stella and Black, Sid and Gali, Preetham and Gao, Leo and Hallahan, Eric and Levy-Kramer, Josh and Leahy, Connor and Nestler, Lucas and Parker, Kip and Pieler, Michael and Purohit, Shivanshu and Songz, Tri and Phil, Wang and Weinbach, Samuel},
    url={https://www.github.com/eleutherai/gpt-neox},
    doi={10.5281/zenodo.5879544},
    month={8},
    year={2021},
    version={0.0.1},
}

@inproceedings{aminabadi2022deepspeed,
    title={{DeepSpeed-Inference}: enabling efficient inference of transformer models at unprecedented scale},
    author={Aminabadi, Reza Yazdani and Rajbhandari, Samyam and Awan, Ammar Ahmad and Li, Cheng and Li, Du and Zheng, Elton and Ruwase, Olatunji and Smith, Shaden and Zhang, Minjia and Rasley, Jeff and others},
    booktitle={SC22: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis},
    pages={1--15},
    year={2022}
}
```
---

# License
[The Apache 2.0 license](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)