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What is the name of the program that provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring? How many undergraduate students are in the First Year of Studies program? What program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at Notre Dame? Who recognized the First Year of Studies program as outstanding? In what year did the university offer graduate degrees? What does M.Div. stand for? What program offers a Master of Education program? In what year did the university first offer graduate degrees? What department of the College of Science does not offer PhD programs? What is the name of the institute that offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies? Who was the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh CSC? When was the Joan B. Kroc Institute founded? Who was Joan B. Kroc's widow? Who was Ray Kroc's widow? How many floors is Theodore M. Hesburgh Library? What is the name of the 14-story library that houses the main collection of books? 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The Fighting Irish are members of what division? How many Heisman Trophy winners has Notre Dame accumulated? How many members are in the Pro Football Hall of Fame? Where is Notre Dame ranked? How many years is Notre Dame a residential research university? What award is given to the Architecture School? How many master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs does Notre Dame have? What is the name of the museum in Notre Dame? When did the Bishop of Vincennes offer land to Father Edward Sorin? Who was the Bishop of Vincennes? What was the name of Father Edward Sorin? When did Fr. Sorin arrive on the site of the Holy Cross brothers? What did Fr. Sorin use to begin the school? When were the first degrees from the college awarded? When was the Main Building replaced? Who started the library collection? In what year did Father Lemonnier start a library collection? When was the Main Building built? What is the name of the television station that grew from one show to a full 24-hour channel? How many shows did NDtv grow from in 2002? What station serves the South Bend community at 88.9 FM? What is the name of the radio station that is a partner of WSND-FM? How much did the first phase of Eddy Street Commons cost? When did the first phase of Eddy Street Commons break ground? Who was the developer of Eddy Street Commons? Who hired workers to construct the public parking garage? What did the contractor hire to construct the public parking garage? What does NCAA stand for? What league did the Fighting Irish compete in from 1982-83 to 1985-86? Where do the Fighting Irish compete? Where does the men's ice hockey team compete? In what conference did the Fighting Irish compete? What did the Irish leave the Big East for? How many games does Notre Dame commit to play per season against ACC opponents? What is the name of Notre Dame's former hockey home? What are the official colors of Notre Dame? What is the name of the mascot of Notre Dame's athletic teams? What was the name of the university that signed a contract with the University of Notre Dame? How much is the contract worth to the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour? When did the university marching band begin? What is the name of the university marching band? What is the most famous fight song of the University of Notre Dame? What team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887? When did the Wolverines bring football to Notre Dame? What university has the most Heisman Trophies won? Who does Notre Dame have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history? How many members are in the College Football Hall of Fame? Who was the legendary football player at Notre Dame in 1916-20? What did Knute Rockne inspire the Notre Dame team to beat? Who starred in the 1940 film Knute Rockne? Who was the legendary football player at Notre Dame in 1916-20? 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In what year was Heat Rush released? How much did Beyoncé's second fragrance sell? What was the name of Beyoncé's first official fragrance? In what year did Beyoncé launch her second fragrance? What is the name of Beyoncé's third fragrance? How many editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? What is the name of Emporio Armani's fragrance? When did Beyoncé launch her first official fragrance? What was the name of Beyoncé's first official fragrance? How many editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? When was Starpower: Beyoncé born? What video-game was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive? How long has Beyoncé had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal? How many staff did GateFive alleged the cancellation of Starpower: Beyoncé meant the sacking of? When was Starpower: Beyoncé settled? What video-game was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive? 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Who was a permanent security council member of the Convention? What did other nations feared incorporating political groups in the Convention's definition would invite? Who was the leading genocide scholar? What did the USSR feared greater international scrutiny of? Who took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the physical-biological destruction of the protected group? What groups did the ECHR consider biological-physical destruction necessary to qualify as genocide? In what case did the European Court of Human Rights rule that a minority did not consider biological-physical destruction necessary to qualify as genocide? What type of destruction did the ECHR not consider necessary? What was the term "ritualcide" used to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? Who wrote that genocide was a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people? What did Lemming create a concept of mobilizing? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? What term was coined by Peg LeVine to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? What term was coined by Peg LeVine to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? What are some key elements of the group's basic existence? What has the study of genocide mainly been focused on? What is the act of genocide formally recognized as? What is genocide viewed as when it is looked at in a general aspect? Who is often seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by? What was established in 1648 to protect ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups? Why is genocide often seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution? The Peace of Westphalia was established to protect what groups? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? When was the word genocide in use? What is the term for genocide? What is the term for genocide? Who described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide? Who described the mass killing of Russian prisoners as "a crime without a name"? When was the word genocide in use? What did Winston Churchill describe the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians? Who described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide? What two words are used to describe the word genocide? What is the purpose of the word genocide? What do the judges continue in paragraph 12? What is the necessary starting point of the inquiry? In what terms should the number of individuals targeted be evaluated? What can be a useful consideration? What did the judges raise in paragraph 13? What suggest that the area of the perpetrators' activity and control should be considered? What should be considered in the historical examples of genocide? The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by what? What can a factor do to determine whether a targeted group is substantial? When did international law come into force? How many countries became parties to the Convention? How many of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the Convention? What country ratified the Convention in 1970? How many decades did the Convention languish for? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from? What is the wording of the treaty not intended to be a definition suitable for? What does the CPPCG have? What did Jonassohn and Björnson say none of the CPPCG definitions have gained widespread support for? Who postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods? What have academics adjusted to emphasise different periods and found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events? Who studied the whole of human history? Who did Leo Kuper and Leo Kuper work with in the 20th century? Who has looked at post World War II events? What are the targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What book criticized the exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide? What type of groups are excluded as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state intends to destroy a group? What is a one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority does what? What does Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr define genocide? What type of groups are defined in terms of their communal characteristics? What does Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr differentiate between genocides and? What are the communal characteristics of the victimized groups? What do Harff and Gurr define genocides? What is the ordinary meaning of genocide? What is the common meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What does non-killings do in the end? What does the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide mean? Who defined genocide as when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What did Adrian Gallagher define genocide? What does Gallagher define genocide? What does the definition of genocide broaden? What does Adrian Gallagher argue that a substantial part of a group has to be done before it can be classified as genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish? Where are all signatories required to prevent and punish acts of genocide? What did some signatories sign with the proviso that could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent? What country did the CPPCG signatories sign with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice? Cyprus and what other signatories protested on the ethics and legal standing of reservations? What does the CPPCG stand for? Who were criminals found guilty of crimes against? What were criminals found guilty of after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust? What was one of the crimes that were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in? Who coined the term Holocaust? Who dismissed the appeal by Nikola Jorgi? What has been rejected by international courts considering similar cases? What did the majority of scholars believe did not constitute genocide? What did the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina do? Who found the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu was met in Prijedor? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many plea bargains have been indicted for participating in genocide? What was Zdravko Tolimir found guilty of? What have two men been found guilty of? Who has found three people guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia? How did Slobodan Miloevi die? Where was Radovan Karadi arrested? What Bosnian Serbs were arrested on genocide charges? What was Slobodan Miloevi accused of? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide? When did the genocide occur in Rwanda? Who created the ICTR? What is the ICTR? Who is responsible for the acts of genocide? What is a genocide in Darfur? Who declared the conflict in Darfur a "genocide"? Where did Colin Powell testify about the conflict in Darfur? Who issued a report to the Secretary-General stating that "the Government of the Sudan has not pursue a policy of genocide"? What was the conclusion of the conflict in Darfur? Who did the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to? What did the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court? Which member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? What was the name of the report that the Security Council referred the situation in Darfur to the Security Council? What have other authors focused on leading up to genocide? What are some of the processes that create an evolution toward genocide? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion were starting points of increasing discrimination? What is a history of scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified the group as an enemy? What is one way that the conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention? What is a common phenomenon? The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics often reflects what? When was the Luria-Delbrück experiment? What antibiotics have been shown to have a high efficacy against many bacterial strains? The emergence of resistance to antibiotics often reflects what? What do bacterial strains have physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to do? When was the Luria-Delbrück experiment? What experiment demonstrated antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? In clinical settings, what has a bactericidal activity of antibacterials been shown to eliminate? What may a bactericidal activity of antibacterials depend on? What does a bactericidal activity of antibacterials often require? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What are some factors that determine the successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds? What is used to predict clinical outcome of antimicrobial therapy? What do most antibiotics target? What are the bacterial cells that target the cell wall? What is the cell membrane? What are the two types of proteins that target protein synthesis? What are antibiotics commonly classified based on? What are the bacterial cells that target the cell wall? What is the cell membrane? How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s? What are antibiotics commonly classified based on? What are most modern antibacterials? What are the semisynthetic modifications of natural compounds? What are the compounds that are still isolated from living organisms? The sulfonamides, quinolones, and oxazolidinones are produced solely by what? What are most modern antibacterials semisynthetic modifications of? What is the molecular weight of many antibacterial compounds? What are the beta-lactam antibiotics? The penicillins are produced by who in the genus Penicillium? What disease has vaccination led to the near eradication of antibiotics in the developed world? What has the effectiveness of antibiotics led to? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What is the potential of antimicrobial resistance? What did bacteria do to prevent overuse in livestock raising? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? In what century did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has caused widespread problems with antimicrobial and overuse in livestock raising? What has led to the near eradication of tuberculosis in the developed world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What did bacteria do to prevent overuse in livestock raising? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? Where is antimicrobial resistance happening? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What are some of the problems with antimicrobial resistance? What type of farming did antibiotics cause overuse? What disease has vaccination led to the near eradication of antibiotics in the developed world? What type of therapy does a patient have proven or suspected infection? Where does the identification process take several days? What is the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection? When is the microorgainsim being identified? How long does the identification process take in the laboratory? What is the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection? What is empirical therapy? When is Empirical therapy usually initiated? What are some adverse effects of antibiotics? What is the cause of diarrhea? What type of bacteria can be overgrowth of? What type of antibiotic can cause tendon damage? What do some scientists believe is indiscriminate use of antibiotics? What are antibiotics screened for? What type of use are antibiotics screened for? What type of organisms have been associated with adverse side effects? What are some of the side effects of antibiotics? What does the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter? What are antibiotics screened for? What are some adverse effects of antibiotics? What is a common side effect of antibiotics? What can antibiotics lead to in the vulvo-vaginal area? What can result from overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area? What is Exposure to antibiotics associated with in humans and mouse models? What isSTAT? What were the two types of antibiotics exposed to? How is it known that antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What is the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans? What is Exposure to antibiotics associated with in humans and mouse models? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota? How is it known that antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What does the majority of studies say antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora? What are some of the suggestions that antibiotics do not interfere with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended that be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do most studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora? What are antibacterials suspected to interact with? What does the majority of studies indicate about contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended that be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the cause of the side-effects of antibiotic therapy? What can alcohol consumption interfere with many common antibiotics? What can alcohol consumption cause? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What is one reason that alcohol consumption may cause side-effects? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What should never be mixed? What type of alcohol can cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What are the risks of alcohol consumption? What is widespread in the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? What can be exchanged between different bacterial strains? What may be absent from the bacterial genome? The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through what? What is the result of an antibiotic target in the bacterial chromosome? How does the spread of antibacterial resistance occur? Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? What are bacteria-resistant strains and species sometimes referred to as? What is TB? How many new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are estimated to occur worldwide? What is another name for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? What have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse of antibiotics? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is a common form of misuse of antibiotics? What is a common form of misuse of antibiotics? What are some forms of misuse? What is a common form of misuse of antibiotics? What are physicians more likely to do to patients who appeared to expect antibiotics? What is the name of the task force that addresses the issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics? Who coordinates the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? In what year did an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign begin? In what year has the EU banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents? What was the name of the report that prompted restrictions on antibiotic use in the UK in 1970? What two organizations have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production? What are the two federal bills aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? Who endorsed the bill aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics? Where has there been extensive use of antibiotics? When did the US Food and Drug Administration raise the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? When did the FDA order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? Before the 20th century, treatments for infections were primarily based on what? When were mixes with antimicrobial properties described? What did ancient cultures use to treat infections? What does 'antibiosis' mean? Who introduced the term 'antibiosis'? What type of bacteria did Alexander Fleming notice the effects of on infection? Who noticed the same effect in a Petri dish in 1928? What was the name of the fungus in which Alexander Fleming noticed the effect of mold on infection? What did Fleming believe the antibacterial properties of penicillin could be exploited for? What was the name of the first commercially available antibacterial drug? What was the name of the conglomerate in Germany that developed the first sulfonamide? Who developed the first sulfonamide? In what year did Domagk receive the first sulfonamide drug? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? When was tyrothricin discovered? When was tyrothricin discovered? Who discovered tyrothricin? What was tyrothricin very effective in treating during World War II? When did Florey and Chain purify penicillin G? When did the first penicillin become widely available outside the Allied military? Who developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? When did the first penicillin become widely available outside the Allied military? Who determined the chemical structure of penicillin? What do Vaccines rely on? What has been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What has been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? What is the way that researchers are doing to treat resistant strains of bacteria? What is one of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens? How many new antibiotics were approved for marketing per year? How many antibiotics were approved for marketing per year? In what year did the Infectious Disease Society of America report that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? What is the name of the pharmaceutical company that is able to clarify the clinical trials of ADAPT? What could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in ADAPT? What does the ADAPT Act aim to combat? What is the name of the senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts? What languages did Fryderyk Chopin belong to? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? What did Chopin write primarily for? In what city was Chopin born? At what age did Chopin leave Poland? In what year was Chopin born? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? In what city was Chopin born? What did Chopin write primarily for? At what age did Chopin leave Poland? When was Frédéric François Chopin born? Who was Chopin born? What did Chopin write primarily for? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? In what year was Chopin born? In what city was Chopin born? At what age did Chopin leave Poland? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? In what year was Frédéric François Chopin born? At what age did Chopin settle in Paris? How many public performances did Chopin give at the age of 21? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Where did Chopin visit in 1838-39? What was Chopin's death in Paris in 1849? Where did Chopin settle at the age of 21? How many public performances did Chopin give at the age of 21? Who did Chopin form a friendship with? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who did Chopin have a failed relationship with in 1835? At what age did Chopin settle in Paris? How many public performances did Chopin give at the age of 21? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who supported Chopin in his last years? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who supported Chopin in his last years? What was Chopin's death in Paris in 1849? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What are some of Chopin's classical works? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? Where was Chopin a frequent guest? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? What are some of Chopin's classical works? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? What are some of Chopin's classical works? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? Where was Chopin a frequent guest? What is Chopin's association with political insurrection? What have made Chopin a leading symbol of the Romantic era? What era did Chopin become a leading symbol of? What has Chopin been the subject of? Where was Chopin's native Poland? Where did Chopin live? What is Chopin's association with? What era did Chopin become a leading symbol of? Where was Chopin's native Poland? What is Chopin's association with? What era did Chopin become a leading symbol of? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? When is Fryderyk Chopin's birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birth date? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? How many miles was Fryderyk Chopin born? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When is Fryderyk Chopin's birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birth date? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When is Fryderyk Chopin's birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birth date? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? Who did Nicolas Chopin marry in 1806? When was Fryderyk baptized? What type of aristocracy did Nicolas tutor children of? Who was Fryderyk's father? Who was Nicolas Chopin's father? Who did Nicolas Chopin marry in 1806? Who was Nicolas Chopin's godfather? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? Who was Fryderyk's father? Who was Nicolas Chopin's father? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? When did Fryderyk's father move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? Where did Fryderyk live? What did Fryderyk play in the Palace grounds? What was Chopin prone to in early childhood? When did Fryderyk move to Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk's father teach French? What did Fryderyk play in the Palace grounds? What did Fryderyk play in Warsaw? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? What did Fryderyk play in the Palace grounds? What did Fryderyk play in Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk live? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? How many polonaises did Fryderyk compose in 1817? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? When did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? When was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where is the Kazimierz Palace located? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Where was Fryderyk sometimes invited to as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What was the name of the dramatic eclogue by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Who was the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for him? Who wrote "Nasze Przebiegi"? Where was Fryderyk sometimes invited to as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? Who was the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for him? Who wrote "Nasze Przebiegi"? When did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? Who did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? When did Chopin perform his Rondo Op. 1? Who did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? What did the Tsar present Chopin with? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? Who did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? What did the Tsar give Chopin? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? Who amused Chopin with his letters home from Szafarnia? What did Chopin's family spoof? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What did Chopin encounter for the first time? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What title did Chopin give to Szafarnia? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? When did Chopin's youngest sister die? Where was the Krasiski Palace located? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did the Chopin Family Parlour become in the 20th century? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? When did Chopin's youngest sister die? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did Chopin's parents run? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What was Chopin's youngest sister's death? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the name of the museum that became a museum in the 20th century? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? Who did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? Who were the four boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin attracted to? Who were the four boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin attracted to? What was Chopin's slow movement? When was Chopin's final Conservatory report published? Who were the four boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin attracted to? Who was Chopin's parents' apartment boarder? What was Chopin's slow movement? How many boarders were Chopin's intimates? Who did Chopin visit Berlin with in 1828? Who directed operas in 1828? Who was Chopin a guest of? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? When did Chopin visit Berlin? Who did Chopin visit Berlin with in 1828? Who directed operas in 1828? Who was Chopin a guest of? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? In what year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who did Chopin visit Berlin with in 1828? Who was Feliks Jarocki? Who directed operas in 1828? When did Chopin return to Berlin? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? When did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? When did Chopin premiere his Piano Concerto No. 2? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? Where did Chopin make his debut? What did Chopin premiere in Warsaw in 1829? When did Chopin return to Warsaw? What did Chopin say he was too delicate for? Who played the violin in Warsaw? Where did Chopin make his debut? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? How many weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? When did Chopin set out in the wide world? Where did Chopin travel in 1830? When did Chopin set out? Who said that Chopin's success as a composer opened the door to western Europe? Who said that Chopin's success as a composer opened the door to western Europe? Who was Chopin's composer and performer? Where did Chopin intend to go to in 1830? When did Chopin return to Poland to enlist? What country did Chopin open the door to in 1830? Who was Chopin's composer and performer? When did Chopin set out? What did Chopin write to a friend? In what year did Chopin learn that the uprising had been crushed? What did Chopin become one of many expatriates of? What language did Chopin use in France? When did Chopin receive French citizenship? What did Chopin remain close to his fellow Poles in exile? What country did Chopin become expatriates of? When did Chopin arrive in Paris? What did Chopin become one of many expatriates of? When did Chopin receive French citizenship? Who wrote that Chopin never considered himself to be French? Where did Chopin never return to in 1831? In what country did Chopin use the French versions of his given names? What language did Chopin use in France? Who wrote that Chopin never considered himself to be French? What did Chopin become one of many expatriates of? In what city did Chopin meet artists and other distinguished figures? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What was Adam Mickiewicz's verses? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who did Chopin become acquainted with in Paris? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who was Adam Mickiewicz? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? What role did Albert Grzymaa fill in Chopin's life? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who was Chopin's friend in Paris? Where did Julian Fontana try to establish himself? Where did Julian Fontana try to establish himself? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Where was Julian Fontana from? Who wrote the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung? When did Chopin give a debut Paris concert? What did Chopin realize was not optimal for large concert spaces? Who did Chopin no longer depend on? Who wrote the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung? When did Chopin give a debut Paris concert? Who was Chopin introduced to in 1832? In what year did Chopin receive the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary? What type of technique did Chopin realize was not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Chopin earn in 1832? What did Chopin prefer playing at? What did Chopin perform on in 1833? Where did Chopin give a single annual concert? Chopin was involved in the composition of what song? Who did Chopin contract with in 1833? Who was Chopin's pupil? What apartment did Chopin prefer to play for small groups of friends? Who performed on pianos in 1833? Who did Chopin contract with in 1833? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? What did Chopin do at his piano? Who was the director of the Academy of Art? Where did Chopin go in 1835? What festival did Chopin attend in 1834? Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where did Chopin go in 1835? When did Chopin travel to Leipzig? Who did Chopin propose to Maria? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn? Who was the director of the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Who was Chopin's daughter? Who was Chopin's friend in 1831? What did Chopin say he was curious about? Who did Chopin first meet after arriving in Paris? When was Chopin's Parisian debut? Who was Chopin's friend in 1831? Where was Chopin's Parisian debut? Where did Chopin live? How far away was the Hôtel de France from the Rue Lafitte? How many times did Chopin and Liszt perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Hector Berlioz's wife? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? On what date did Chopin and Liszt perform together? What was the name of the charity concert in Paris? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where did Chopin and Liszt live? How many times did Chopin and Liszt perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Hector Berlioz's wife? What kind of relationship did Chopin have? What are some of Liszt's qualities of love-hate relationship? What did Chopin remark that he should play music as written or not play it at all? What did Chopin still refer to him as? What was Chopin's work called? Who was the mistress of Chopin? Who was the devotee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was the devotee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was the mistress of Chopin? Who wrote about Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was Liszt's friend? Who hosted the party in 1836? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who wrote the letter "My tragedy"? Who did Chopin meet at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult? What was George Sand thought to be influenced by? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who hosted the party in 1836? In what year did Maria Wodziska's mother make it clear that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who wrote the letter "My tragedy"? Where did Chopin visit in 1837? How did Chopin return to Paris? How old was Sand? What kind of winter did Chopin spend on Majorca? Where was the Carthusian monastery located? Who did Chopin visit London incognito? What was the name of James Broadwood's house? How old was Sand? Who was Sand's former lover? What was the name of the monastery in Valldemossa? When did Chopin visit London incognito? Where did Chopin spend a miserable winter? Who were the two lovers in Majorca? Who was Sand's former lover? What was the name of the monastery in Valldemossa? How many doctors have visited Chopin? What was Chopin's Pleyel? In what condition did Chopin finish his Preludes? When did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? When did Chopin complain about his bad health? What did Chopin complain about? What did Chopin have problems having sent to him? When did Chopin complain about his bad health? What piano did Chopin have problems having sent to him? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? What French couple sold the piano to to avoid customs duties? Where did the Canuts travel to in 1839? Where was Sand's estate located? Where did Sand and Chopin move to in 1842? What was the name of the French couple that sold the piano to? Where did the Canuts travel to in 1839? Where was Sand's estate located? Where was Chopin's apartment close to Sand's rented accommodation? Where did Sand and Chopin move to in 1842? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? What was the name of the French couple that sold the piano to? Where did the Canuts travel to in 1839? Where did Sand and Chopin move to in 1842? Where was Sand's estate located? Chopin and Sand were present at what dress rehearsal? What was the anniversary of the July Revolution? Who was the tenor at the funeral in Paris in 1839? Where did Chopin play a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne? What transcription did Chopin play at the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit? Who was the tenor at the funeral in Paris in 1839? What transcription did Chopin play at the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit? Chopin and Sand were present at what dress rehearsal? What was the tenth anniversary of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was the name of Chopin's work in Nohant? Who was the mezzo-soprano that Chopin advised on piano technique and composition? When did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant? What did Pauline Viardot advise on? Who were the visitors to Nohant? What did Chopin advise on in his Polonaise in A-flat major? Who was one of the visitors to Nohant? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? Who did Chopin write to after a solo recital in Paris? What did Chopin decline to participate in in 1843? What did Chopin play for his visitor? What illness did Chopin suffer from? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What did Chopin decline to participate in in 1843? What illness did Chopin suffer from? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What were the symptoms of Chopin's illness? Who did Chopin decline to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony? Who visited Chopin in 1844? What did Chopin suffer from in 1842? Who was Chopin's fiancé? What was Chopin indifferent to? What was Chopin's nickname? What was the name of Sand's novel? In what year was Lucrezia Floriani published? When was Chopin's relationship with Sand soured? Who was Chopin's fiancé? What was the name of Sand's novel? Who was Chopin's fiancé? What did Chopin become to Chopin? What was the name of Sand's novel? In what year was Lucrezia Floriani published? What did Chopin write in 1844? How were the mazurkas written by Chopin? How many works did Chopin write in 1841? How many works were written in 1842? What did Chopin write in 1844? How many works were written in 1842? How many shorter pieces did Chopin write in 1843? How many mazurkas did Chopin write in 1845? When did Chopin give his last Paris concert? Who gave Chopin his last Paris concert? When did Chopin give his last Paris concert? Who gave Chopin his last Paris concert? Why did Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso wane? Who gave Chopin his last Paris concert? What was the name of the Sonata Op. 65? Who covered Chopin's life? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What documentary covered Chopin's life? Who covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What was the name of the 1945 biographical film that earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award for his portrayal of the composer? Who won the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? When was La valse de l'adieu released? Who played Chopin in Impromptu? Who did Chopin have a relationship with? What was the name of the 1945 biographical film that earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award for his portrayal of the composer? Who won the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? Who was Chopin in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? Who played Chopin in Impromptu? In what year was Chopin produced? Where was Chopin produced? Who wrote Chopin? Who's life was a fanciful operatic version of Chopin? What was Chopin's first opera? Who wrote Chopin? In what year was Chopin produced? Where was Chopin produced? Who wrote the sonnet on Chopin? Who are the French writers on Chopin? What was the earliest manifestation of Chopin? What was the earliest manifestation of Chopin? In what year was Chopin's sonnet discovered? In what language are the biographies of Chopin found? How often is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? What does the Warsaw Chopin Society organize for notable Chopin recordings? What newspaper critics recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? What organization organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? How often is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? What newspaper critics recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? What was Paul Pabst's earliest recording? Who performed the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? Who notes that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era"? In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? Who gives a select discography of Chopin works? What is the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held in Warsaw? How many performances of Chopin are listed on the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland? What is the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? How many performances of Chopin works are listed on the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland? What was the name of the 1909 ballet that used Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? What title did Chopin use for later productions? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? When was Chopiniana used? What was the name of the 1909 ballet that used Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? What was the name of the ballet Chopiniana? Where did he leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who suggested the tour of London? Where did he leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who suggested the tour of London? Who suggested the tour of London? When did he leave London? Who suggested Stirling's tour of London? Where did Chopin take a grand piano? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? Where was Chopin's first engagement? Who were the audience of Chopin's first engagement at Stafford House? On what date did Chopin share his platform with Viardot? Where did Chopin take a grand piano? What did Broadwood provide Chopin with at Dover Street? Who was Chopin's first audience at Stafford House? What was Chopin sought after for? Who sang arrangements of some of Chopin's mazurkas to Spanish texts? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Who was the Polish physician at 10 Warriston Crescent? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Where did Chopin give a public concert? What did he write out in 1848? When did Chopin make his last public appearance on a concert platform? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who did Chopin play for? What stage was Chopin ill? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who did Chopin sing for his friends? Where did Chopin find his apartment in 1849? Who secretly subsidised Chopin's rent in Chaillot? When did Chopin return to Paris? Who did Chopin sing for his friends? Where did Chopin find his apartment in 1849? Who secretly subsidised Chopin's rent in Chaillot? When was Chopin visited by Jenny Lind? When did Chopin want to have a family member with him? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Who did Chopin want to have a family member with him? Who did Chopin want to have a family member with him? Who supported Chopin? What did all the grand Parisian ladies consider it to be? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Chopin say he was suffering from? Who made Chopin's death mask? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Clésinger make Chopin's death mask? What did Chopin's death certificate give the cause of his death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What has been denied by the Polish government for the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death? What did Chopin's death certificate give the cause of his death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What is the main cause of Chopin's death? Who denied the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris? How many people arrived without invitations? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral held at the Church of the Madeleine in Paris? How many people arrived without invitations? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside of Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Where did the funeral procession take place? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? What is the name of Chopin's tombstone? How many francs did Clésinger pay for Chopin's funeral? Who covered the expenses of Chopin's tombstone? What was Chopin's heart preserved in? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? How many francs did Clésinger pay for Chopin's funeral? Who covered the expenses of Chopin's tombstone? Who did Jane Stirling return to Warsaw? Where did Clésinger take a collection of letters to Chopin? How many works of Chopin survive? What is the name of Chopin's known works? How many works of Chopin survive? What type of music does Chopin play? Who was Chopin educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and what other composer? Who was Chopin educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and what other composer? Who were the two most important composers in shaping Chopin's musical outlook? Who was Chopin educated in the tradition of Beethoven? Who invented the salon genre of the nocturne? What did Chopin write as individual concert pieces? What salon genre did Chopin take to a deeper level of sophistication? What did Chopin write as individual concert pieces? What concept did Chopin use to create his own set of free-standing preludes? Who developed the concept of the concert étude? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? What is the name of Chopin's waltzes? How are waltzes often written for the salon recital? What did Chopin endowed popular dance forms with? What was Chopin's mazurkas written for? What did Chopin put on the European musical map? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? What was the name of Chopin's mazurkas? What was the name of Chopin's work? What was the name of Chopin's work? What was the third movement of Chopin's sonata? What is the third movement of Chopin's Sonata No. 2? What was the name of Chopin's work? What is the name of Chopin's work? What was the last opus number Chopin used? Who selected 23 unpublished piano pieces? How many unpublished piano pieces did Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What was the last opus number Chopin used? Who selected 23 unpublished piano pieces? In what year were 17 Polish songs collected and published as Op. 74? Who is the Kobylaska Catalogue named for? When was the Kobylaska Catalogue published? What have works published since 1857 received instead of opus numbers? What is the current standard musicological reference for Chopin's works? What are the initials of the Kobylaska Catalogue? Who is the Kobylaska Catalogue named for? Who published the first collection of Chopin's works? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? What was the name of Chopin's work? Where did Chopin's works begin to appear? What was the name of Chopin's works? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? What stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes? What is Chopin's flexible handling of as a structural unit? What stands at the centre of Chopin's creative processes? Who wrote that improvisation is designed for an audience? What is an important aspect of Chopin's individuality? What is an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody? What are the works that Chopin intended for concert use? What is the extended form of the Barcarolle Op. 60? What does Chopin's mazurkas often show more than many of his other works? What are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes all in? What is the name of Chopin's waltzes? What type of bass does Chopin's mazurkas use? What does Op. 63 No. 3 include? How long are Chopin's works in the traditional polonaise? What Polish teacher did Chopin's polonaises include? What type of rhythm do Chopin's polonaises typically display in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences? What type of playing technique do Chopin's polonaises require? How many nocturnes are more structured than Field? What are the middle sections of the Chopin nocturnes marked by? The 21 nocturnes are more structured and of greater emotional depth than what? When did Chopin meet? What type of nocturnes are more structured than Field? What did Chopin teach his own technique of piano playing? What type of form are Chopin's études? What did Chopin teach his own technique of piano playing? What is the name of J.S. Bach's prelude? Who suggests Chopin's preludes were used as generic preludes to other composers? What are the beginnings of studies? Who inspired Chopin's preludes to move up the circle of fifths to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality? What were Chopin's preludes used as? Who recorded the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7? How many sonatas are there? Who wrote the Op. 58 sonata? How many sonatas are there? What was Chopin's last movement? What is the name of the two mature piano sonatas? Who was the composer of Chopin's modal harmony? What may have arisen partly from Chopin's keyboard improvisation technique? Who says that his works "novel harmonic effects often result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment"? What was Chopin's style based on? Who wrote that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition? What was Chopin's style based on? Who was Chopin's "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? What did Chopin use to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who drilled Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who was Chopin's "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? Who was devoted to Chopin's music? Who drilled Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who wrote that modern concert performance stylemilitates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique? What did Chopin avoid in performance? What is one example of a rigid procedure Chopin avoided incorrectly attributed to him? What does Jonathan Bellman say you have to give up the idea of? Who wrote that Chopin created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that Chopin created a kind of chromatic embroidery? What is Chopin's music often played with? What is rubato? What is Chopin's music often played with? Where are most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin found? Who wrote that Chopin's tones sang in full forte or softest piano? Who wrote that Chopin's tones sang in full forte or softest piano? What was Friederike Müller's strictest adherence to? What has Chopin been credited with introducing to music? When did Schumann review the piano concertos? What country was Chopin credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism? When did Schumann say the Poles are in deep mourning? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Along with mazurkas, what is Chopin credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism? Who credited Chopin with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism? What are Chopin's works cannon buried in? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Who suggested that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music? Who did George Golos refer to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe? Who impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works? How did Chopin's music come to him? What did others find Chopin's music a source of strength in their continuing struggle for? Where did the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst the Poles? What did Hutchings suggest Chopin's lack of? Who were some of Chopin's romantic contemporaries? Where did Chopin arrive in 1831? Who suggested that Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional? What was the name of Schumann's suite for Chopin? What did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transcribe for piano? Who transcribed six of Chopin's Polish songs? What were Chopin's achievements recognized by many of his fellow musicians? What was the name of Schumann's suite for Chopin? What did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? Who wrote the Ballade No. 2 in F major? Who dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin? Who was the publisher of Chopin's piano music? Who made recordings of Chopin's music? Who was Karol Mikuli and Georges Mathias? Who asserted that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet? What did some scholars note the importance of the Ming-Tibetan relationship with Tibet? In what years did the Yongle Emperor make a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? Who did the Yongle Emperor build a secular and religious alliance with? What school did Deshin Shekpa belong to? What country did Tibetan leaders conduct their own foreign diplomacy with? What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays? Who were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama? What regime was established by the 5th Dalai Lama? When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated? When did the Tibetan Empire collapse? Who signed peace treaties with the Tang? What did the Treaty of 821 fix? What was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China? When was a treaty signed between Tibet and China? When was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China? When was the Song dynasty? What dynasty did few Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from? What dynasty was the Liao dynasty? Who ruled Jin dynasty? Who conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? When did Genghis Khan die? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan? Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? Who was Sakya Pandita incorporated into the Mongol Empire? When was the regency of Töregene Khatun? How many different states were ruled by myriarchies? What was the name of the Mongol prince Kublai? Who granted Kublai a large appanage in North China? Who was the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty in South China? When was the Yuan dynasty? What dynasty combined Tibet into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China? What did Kublai Khan claim by the early 1260s? In what country did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? When was the Sakya viceregal regime overthrown? Who installed the Sakya viceregal regime? Who overthrown the Sakya viceregal regime in 1358? Who was Changchub Gyaltsen's successor? Who established the Ming dynasty? What was the Han Chinese revolt called in 1368? Who established the Ming dynasty? When did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor? Who did the Hongwu Emperor ask to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation? Who rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation? What was the Hongwu Emperor well aware of? Who did Dorje send as envoys to Nanjing? What government enacted a law that forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism? When was the Yongle Emperor? Who was the first Ming ruler to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? When was the History of Ming dynasty compiled? When was the History of Ming compiled? What did the Ming dynasty establish in western Tibet? How many Qianhu offices are in command of 1,000 households? Where did the Ming dynasty establish the É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office? How many Princes of Dharma were appointed by the Ming court? What was the name of the Phagmodru ruler? What was the name of the Phagmodru ruler? Who was a former professor of the University of Washington? What country did Turrell V. Wylie and Li Tieh-tseng believe the History of Ming was credible? Who wrote that Tibet's "tributary missions" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from the Ming Shih? Who supports van Praag's position? Who believe that van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies"? Who argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? When did Prince Punala go to Nanjing? What did lamas call themselves? What did the Ming dynasty issue to invite ex-Yuan officials to the Ming court? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? Who did Thomas Laird compare the Mongols with? What does Thomas Laird say Wang and Nyima present in their Historical Status of China's Tibet? What does the Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty? What does the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan dynasty? What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as? Who wrote Kublai Khan: His Life and Times? When did the Yuan dynasty of China rule? When was Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign? What was the name of the market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan? What did the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favor? Who implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs? Who was Choskunskyabs appointed as? What dynasty governed most areas of Tibet? Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located? Who wrote that the Ming court conferred new positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu? How many households did Qianhu have? How many households are in Wanhu? Who said that Tibetan sources counter the narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans? Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to? What did the lamas send rather than coming themselves? What are the "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions? Who administered the "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions? What was the official title given to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What is the Tibetan title of Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation? Who state that the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? Who is supposed to have written in his will? Who aims to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom during the Chinese Tang dynasty? Who asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age"? Where is Lok-Ham Chan a professor of history? What did Changchub Gyaltsen want to remove? Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title "Initiation State Master" to? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? What was the name of the second Phagmodru ruler? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Where did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys? Who lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When was the 5th Dalai Lama's effective hegemony over Tibet? What did other families try to establish after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet? What school did the Ming dynasty grant titles to? What type of invitation did the Ming dynasty decline? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? When was the first request by the Ming made? When did the Ming send another embassy? Who did Tsongkhapa send to Nanjing in 1414? When was Chosrje Shkya Yeshes sent to Nanjing? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? Who did Laird say the Ming appointed titles to? What did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet? What country did Laird say the Ming appointed titles to? Who did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch into Tibet in 1413? Where did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao to? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor gain in 1413? Why did the Yongle Emperor pay a small fortune in return for tributes? Where did the Gelug send missions to? When did the Gelug send missions to the Ming court? Where was the Gelug not mentioned? Who did the Ming court grant titles to? Who overthrown the Sakya regime? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When was Rinpungpa born? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did the Ming dynasty exercise no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families? When was the Jianwen Emperor usurpated? Who aided the Yongle Emperor in his usurpation of the throne? Who was the father of the Yongle Emperor? When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court? Who did the Yongle Emperor dispatch to Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor dispatch Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? How did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel to Lhasa? In what year did Deshin Shekpa travel to Nanjing? Where did Deshin Shekpa visit by April 10, 1407? Who did the Yongle Emperor greet? Who was the Yongle Emperor? Who did Norbu say showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa? Where was Deshin Shekpa's stay in Nanjing? Where was the Linggu Temple located? What title was given to Deshin Shekpa during his stay in Nanjing? Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to? Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to not impose his military might on Tibet? Why was Deshin Skekpa invited to Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor plan before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor send a military force into Tibet? Who persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? Who did Deshin Shekpa conflict with? Who's miracles were a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne? What did Marsha Weidner say was a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne? Who has failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? What were the items of tribute that symbolized the religious nature of the relationship between China and Tibet? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? When did the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor occur? Who preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor addressed to in 1445? Who had the message delivered to the Karmapa? When was an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor written? Who did the Ming court cut off relations with in 1446? In what year did the Ming court cut off relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? When did Deshin Shekpa die? Who did the Ming court cut off relations with in 1446? Why did the Yongle Emperor order the construction of a road and trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers? What did the Yongle Emperor order the construction of a road and trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers to facilitate trade with Tibet? How did the trade route pass? What did Van Praag say the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What did Van Praag say the Ming had to do with Tibetan tributes? What type of iconography did the Ming have? What court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet to secure urgently needed horses? How were horses collected from Tibet? What country did the Ming dynasty trade horses with? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols? What did the Tümed Mongols overthrew over the steppes? What dynasty traded horses with Tibet? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols? When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell unrest in Tibet? How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture in 1379? How many domesticated animals were captured by Mu Ying in 1379? Who was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390? What was the main focus of the mid Ming dynasty? Who used the Ordos region as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Where did the Mongols stage raids in the mid Ming dynasty? What did P. Christiaan Klieger believe the Ming court's patronage was designed to do? What policy did the Ming uphold after the Sakya regime had fallen? When did the Ming uphold a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor fail to build a strong relationship with? Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Who were the Rinpungpa leaders relatives of? When did the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa? What did the Gelug exclude the Gelug from attending? When did the Phagmodru ruler capture Lhasa? When was the Zhengde Emperor? What did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy at court? Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? What was the view of Tibet as a feudal dependency of China? What dynasty had no control over Tibet? When did Tibet become part of China? When did the Manchu Qing dynasty invade Tibet? During what dynasty did Josef Kolma write that Tibet was considered an organic part of China? What did Kolma say Tibet was subject to during the Qing dynasty? Who upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? Who assumed the former imperial tributaries? Where is P. Christiaan Klieger located? Who installed the Sakya regime? What did the vice royalty of the Sakya regime establish between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism? When was Tibet incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? What dynasty inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? When was China Daily a CCP-controlled news organization? What dynasty inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? Who has Tibet remained under the jurisdiction of? When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? What was fully sponsored at the Ming court? Who discontinued their trips to Ming China? What Grand Secretary was determined to break the eunuch influence? What Grand Secretary was determined to break the eunuch influence? Who was ascension of Zhengde? What was the name of the establishment that rejected the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject in 1523? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment have a predisposed animosity towards? Who was ascension of Zhengde? Where did the Tumed Mongols move to? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid the Chinese frontier? When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? Who invited Altan Khan to meet him in Amdo? What did Altan Khan abolish? Who was coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism? What did the Mongol princes face if they persisted in their shamanistic ways? Who did Mongol princes request to bestow titles on them? What did the Mongol princes begin requesting the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them? Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? Who was the 4th Dalai Lama? Who became the first to have effective political control over Tibet? When was the 4th Dalai Lama made the fourth Dalai Lama? Who was granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan? Who granted Sonam Gyatso the grandiose title? Who was Sonam Gyatso's official? Who was Sonam Gyatso's official? Where did Sonam Gyatso die? Which Dalai Lama was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara? What did the Ming dynasty allow Sonam Gyatso to do? What did China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was granted in 1587? Who did the Qing emperor grant an honorific title to in 1653? Who did the Qing dynasty grant the title of Dalai Lama? What title was granted to Yonten Gyatso in 1616? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? When was Yonten Gyatso granted an official seal by the Wanli Emperor? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? What happened to Yonten Gyatso's predecessor? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? What did the Mongols pounce on the chance to reclaim? When did the Mongols conquest Tibet? Who was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? In what year were the Rinbung princes overthrown? Who was the second successor of the first Tsang king? When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? Who did the Ü-Tsang king allied with? Who refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king? Who did the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso ask for help from? What role did Güshi Khan accept? Who did the Ü-Tsang ruler threaten to destroy? Where did Güshi Khan defeat the Gelugpas? In what year did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender? Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcoming ceremony for? What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? Who did Güshi Khan present his conquest of Tibet as a gift to? Who did Güshi Khan confer the actual governing authority to? Who organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso? What did the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to? What did Kolma say was very observant of what was going on in China? What was the name of the Emperor who invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing? Who attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet? Who responded to Tibetan pleas for aid? When did the Kangxi occupy Lhasa? When was the Qianlong Emperor established in Tibet? When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first iPod released? How many current versions of the iPod are there? What type of computer is the iPod a line of? What is the name of the iPod Touch? When was the first iPod released? Who designed and marketed the iPod? How many months after iTunes was released, the first iPod was released? What is the name of the ultra-compact iPod? When were the most recent iPod redesigns announced? What type of devices can iPods serve as? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? What is the name of the iPod that can be used as an external data storage device? What is the name of the iPod that is discontinued? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What operating systems can Apple's iTunes software be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, and calendars to? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What was the name of the media player included with the iPh? What was the name of the media player that was used before the release of iOS 5? When was the iPod branding first released? In what year did the iPhone and iPad sales overtook the iPod? What are the separate apps that are standardized across all iOS-powered products? What is the name of the upgraded processor for the sixth generation iPod Touch? What generation of iPod Touch was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015? What generation of iPod Touch was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015? In what year was a new model of the iPod Touch announced? What is the name of the upgraded processor for the sixth generation iPod Touch? In what year was the sixth generation iPod Touch released? When was the iPod released? In what year was the iPod released? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What was the name of the 1958 design that inspired the iPod? How much hard drive was the Walkman of the twenty-first century? When was the iPod released? How much hard drive was the Walkman of the twenty-first century? What was the name of the iPod that Apple developed in the twenty-first century? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What was the name of the disk drive that Apple discovered? What was the name of the company Apple contracted to help design and implement the user interface? What was the name of the iPod Mini's font replaced with Espy Sans? In what year did Apple introduce the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? What did Apple change the font to in 2007? Who was Pixo's direct supervisor? What was the name of Apple's reference platform? What did Apple change the font to in 2007? In what year did Apple present a special edition of U2? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What color did Apple change in 2006? What was the name of the special edition of U2? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What color did Apple change in 2006? In what year did Apple present a special edition of U2? What was the name of the patent holding company that Apple drew attention to? Who applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? What country did Kane Kramer apply for a patent for his design of a "plastic music box"? When did Kane Kramer apply for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box"? What did Kane Kramer call the "plastic music box" in 1981? What was the name of the patent holding company that Apple drew attention to? What did Kane Kramer call the "plastic music box" in 1981? Who applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? Who proposed the name iPod? What was Vinnie Chieco's job? What movie did Vinnie Chieco think of? Who had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? When was the name iPod assigned to Apple Computer, Inc.? What movie did Vinnie Chieco think of? Who proposed the name iPod? Who had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? When were the new color schemes for all of the current iPod models spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who discovered the leaked photos of an iPod? What is the latest version of iTunes? What is the latest version of iTunes? Who discovered the leaked photos of an iPod? What did the third-generation iPod have? What type of headphones have a weak bass response? What type of amplifier is masked when driving high-impedance loads? What type of response did the third-generation iPod have? What type of capacitors did the third-generation iPod have a weak bass response? What is the name of the Booster? What are some EQ settings that would distort the bass sound? What does the equalizer cause distortion on bass instruments? In what year were all iPods released? What are some EQ settings that would distort the bass sound? What did Apple introduce a user-configurable volume limit from the fifth-generation iPod? Where is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod limited to 100 dB? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? Where did Apple remove iPods from shelves for exceeding the legal limit? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? Where did Apple remove iPods from shelves for exceeding the legal limit? What connection was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What did the FireWire connect to the host computer with? What connection was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was the first generation of iPods to have a 30-pin dock connector? What is the name of the third generation iPod Shuffle? In what generation did Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer? What is the name of the second-generation iPod Touch? What type of phone connector does the fourth generation iPod Shuffle use? What was the first generation of iPods to have a 30-pin dock connector? What is the name of the fourth generation iPod that uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector? What does the 30-pin dock connector allow for? What type of connectivity did the third generation have? What is the name of the accessory Apple sells? Who manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi? What allowed the iPod to connect to accessories that often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback? What does the dock connector require to implement the iPod's interface? Belkin and Griffin are some of the manufacturers of the iPod Hi-Fi? What is the name of the accessory Apple sells? What is the name of Apple's 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the new 8-pin dock connector that Apple introduced on September 12, 2012? How many -pin dock connectors do older iPods, iPhones, and iPads have? How many -pin dock connectors did Apple introduce on September 12, 2012? On what side of the connector do Apple Lightning cables have pins? What is the name of Apple's 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the iPhone 5? What is the name of the iPod that is made by Apple? What is another name for the iPod Camera Connector? What are some of the first accessory manufacturers in the iPod line? What type of connection does Apple have audio/visual cables for? What is the name of the iPod Camera Connector? Who makes the iPod Hi-Fi? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? When did Apple announce that similar systems would be available for Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti and Volkswagen? What is the name of the company that offers standard iPod connectivity? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What is the name of the company that offers standard iPod connectivity? What are some independent stereo manufacturers that have iPod-specific integration solutions? What type of transmitter is the iTrip? What does the iTrip stand for? What is the iTrip? What does the iTrip stand for? What four major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? What does the free service allow passengers to view video and music libraries on? What airlines were originally part of the deal with Apple? What four major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? In what year did the United, Continental, and Emirates reach agreements to install iPod seat connections? What is another name for the iPod line? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? What audio format does Apple not support? What does DRM stand for? What did iPod software only work with? What are some audio file formats that the iPod line can play? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? How many host computers is an iPod associated with during installation? Where can song ratings be set on an iPod and synchronized later to? What is an iPod associated with during installation? How many buttons does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What is an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have a small control on? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle use? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? How many buttons does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What is the name of the 3rd-generation iPod? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? When was the iTunes Store introduced? What is the name of Apple's online media store? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the iTunes Store? When did full-length movies become available? When was the iTunes Store introduced? In what year did Apple announce the sale of videos through the iTunes Store? When did full-length movies become available? What format did Apple use to purchase audio files? How many authorized computers could play DRM files? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? On what date was DRM removed from the iTunes Store? When did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music? What format did Apple use to purchase audio files? What was the name of the DRM system that purchased audio files? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? In what year did Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song? What are examples of stores that can't play music from rival-DRM technologies? Who cannot play music files from competing music stores that use WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM? What type of technology does Microsoft use to play music from? Who decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store on July 3, 2007? What store did Universal decide not to renew their contract with on July 3, 2007? When did Universal decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What was the name of the Media Event that Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When did Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? In what year did Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? What is the name of the device that allows users to access the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? What are video games played on? What game did Steve Wozniak use as an easter egg hidden feature? Who invented the game Brick? What were the three more games added to the iPod? What was Brick's hidden feature? What game did Steve Wozniak use as an easter egg hidden feature? What were the three more games added to the iPod? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What was the name of the iTunes Store's 2006 launch? The 6th and 4th generation iPod Classic is compatible with the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano? The 5th and 5th generation iPod Nano are compatible with what? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What generation of iPod software was iTunes 7 compatible with? Which third parties make games for the iPod? What market has Apple's MP3 player taken steps towards entering? Which video game magazines have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late? What is the name of the files that are actually.zip archives in disguise? What are.ipg files? What does Apple not release for iPod-specific development? What is the only software development kit that Apple has not released for iPod-specific development? What is the name of the files that are actually.zip archives in disguise? Where are apps produced with the iPhone SDK compatible? How long has Apple released a software development kit for iPod-specific development? What software is used to transfer media to an iPod? What kind of applications are available on a number of different platforms? What software is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of protected media can iTunes 7 and above transfer purchased media from an iPod to a computer? Who can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer? In what folder are media files stored on an iPod? Where can the hidden content be accessed? How can media files be recovered? In what year did Apple face two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line? What did Apple face in 2005? What are some of Apple's online music stores? Who was the inventor of FairPlay? What company claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse? What was Apple's patent on? When did Apple's application for a patent on "rotational user inputs" receive a third "non-final rejection"? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market in 2005? What was the name of the patent granted by Creative Technology? Who did Creative ask to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws? What was Apple's patent on? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market in 2005? When did Apple and Creative announce a broad settlement to end their legal disputes? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join in 2006? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join in 2006? How much of the market for hard drive-based players has the iPod line dominated since October 2004? In what year did the iPod line dominate digital music player sales? What was the market share of the iPod in 2007? What company reported that the iPod market share in 2007 was 72.7%? How much of the market for hard drive-based players has the iPod line dominated since October 2004? How much of the market is for all types of players? What was the market share of the iPod in July 2005? When did Hewlett-Packard announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods? What company announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What was the name of the new retail channel that Hewlett-Packard used to sell HP-branded iPods? What percentage of all iPod sales were made up of HP-branded iPods? Why did HP stop selling iPods in 2005? What is the name of Hewlett-Packard? How many iPods did Apple sell on April 9, 2007? What percentage of revenue was made from iPod sales? What is the biggest selling digital music player of all time? What was Apple's second quarter revenue in 2007? In what year did Apple sell its one-hundred millionth iPod? What percentage of revenue was made from iPod sales? What was Apple's quarterly revenue in 2007? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from desktop sales? How much did Apple's 2007 year revenue increase to? What was Apple's cash in 2007? How much did Apple's 2007 year revenue increase to? On what date did Apple report the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history? What was Apple's net quarterly profit in 2008? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from notebook sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? Who was the CFO of Apple in June 2009? In what year was Phil Schiller's keynote presentation? What percentage of total revenue came from iPods in 2008? How many total sales of iPods did Phil Schiller announce in 2009? In what year was a new model not introduced onto the market? What is the rank of best computer product of 2006? What type of reviews do iPods receive? What companies are modifying their products to work better with the AAC audio format? What is the name of a mobile phone that plays AAC files? Who says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players"? What companies are modifying their products to work better with the AAC audio format? Who says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players"? What type of device has the iPod been accepted as? What do governments, institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for? What are some of the companies that have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? Who provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? Who put iPods on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? Who provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? Who put iPods on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? What was the end of the iPod's popularization of digital music storage? What industry has the iPod been credited with accelerating shifts? What is the name of the iPod that allows users to abandon listening to entire albums? What was the end of the iPod's popularization of digital music storage? How many hours of music playback does the fifth generation 30 GB iPod have? What company reported that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions? In what year were class action lawsuits brought against Apple? What is different from the real-world achievable life on most models? How long does MP3.com get from an iPod? Who instructed users to open the case of iPod replacement batteries? What was the official policy that Apple would not replace worn-out batteries? What type of battery loses capacity during their lifetime? What are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user? What type of battery loses capacity during their lifetime? What did Apple announce on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of a battery replacement program? What is needed for the iPod Nano? What generation of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? In what year did Apple announce a battery replacement program? What was the initial cost of a battery replacement program? What was the name of the iPod that Apple offered an extended warranty for? What is the reason for the failure of the first generation iPod Nano? What program did Apple recommend that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using? What have iPods been criticized for? What website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7%? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? When did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? What did Apple begin shipping iPods with in 2005? What type of hard drive had a failure rate below 10%? What did many users complain about the surface of the first generation iPod Nano? What tabloid reported that iPods are manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts? Apple found that some of the plant's labour practices met what? How much of the time did employees work more than six consecutive days for? What tabloid reported that iPods are manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? How much of the time did employees work over 60 hours a week? What was the name of Apple's workplace standards auditing company? What group did Apple join to oversee the measures? What company initially denied the abuses? Where was the Foxconn factory located? What company initially denied the abuses? What was the name of Apple's workplace standards auditing company? In what year did Apple join the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operations in China? What was the name of the prototype that went missing in 2009? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operations in China? What can create more jobs overseas than domestically? What is the name of the file system format that allows an iPod to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer? What format is used if an iPod is formatted on Windows? What type of game is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is a game developed and published for what two consoles? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released worldwide? Who developed and published the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? When was The Legend of Zelda originally planned for release on the GameCube? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What does Link try to prevent from being engulfed by the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the mysterious creature that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by the Twilight Realm? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What is the name of the mysterious creature that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by the Twilight Realm? Where is Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What award did Twilight Princess receive? What label rereleased the Wii version? When will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released? What was the greatest entry in the Zelda series? How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive? In what year was Twilight Princess the most critically acclaimed game? In what year was The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess focused on? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess uses the basic control scheme introduced in what game? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess uses what control scheme? What does Link use in combat? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection? What type of game is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess uses the basic control scheme introduced in what game? What does Link use in combat? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess uses what control scheme? How many buttons does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow? What shows what action the button will trigger? Where does the context-sensitive button cause Link to throw a rock? What allows one button to serve a variety of functions? What shows what action the button will trigger? The Wii version of the game makes use of motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? What is the name of the game's trademark when discovering secrets? The Wii version of the game makes use of motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? What is the name of the game that allows the player to control Link's sword by swinging the Wii Remote? How many of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped in the GameCube version? What type of sensors does the Wii version of the game use? The Wii version of the game makes use of motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? How many dungeons does the game feature? What does Link battle in the dungeons? How are the dungeons connected? What is the name of the horse that Link can travel on? What does Link solve in the dungeons? What does Link fight at the end of the dungeons? How are the dungeons connected? What is Link's nickname? What does Link attack by doing when he enters the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the enemy ghosts that Link carries? What is a small imp-like creature that gives Link hints? How does "Wolf Link" move faster than he does as a wolf? What is Link's nickname? What is Midna? What does "Wolf Link" hunt for? What doesAI stand for? The artificial intelligence of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in what game? What do enemies do to defeated companions? What doesAI stand for? What can arrows or slingshot pellets detect from a greater distance than in previous games? How are the emotions of Midna indicated visually? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? In what country was Akiko Kmoto a voice actress? What does Link do when attacking or injured? How are the emotions of Midna indicated visually? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? What is Link's job in Ordon Village? What do Bulblins carry off in Ordon Village? What is the name of the imp-like Twilight that frees Link? What does the Twilight Princess collect? Where is Link working as a ranch hand? Who attacked the village of Ordon Village? What does the Twilight Princess collect? What does Link help Midna find? Who ambushed Midna's Fused Shadows? What does Link use to bring a dying Midna to Zelda? Who does Link bring a dying Midna to? What was the name of the Zoras that Link helped find? What does Link help Midna find? Who ambushed Midna's Fused Shadows? What does Link use to bring a dying Midna to Zelda? Who does Link bring a dying Midna to? What did Midna obtain after gaining the Master Sword? What is the only gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? What does Ganondorf possess in the Mirror of Twilight? What did Midna obtain after gaining the Master Sword? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? What does the Mirror of Twilight transform into? What did Ganondorf crush in Hyrule Castle? Where is the Mirror of Twilight restored? Who does Midna teleport outside the castle to hold him off with the Fused Shadows? What did Link plunge the Master Sword into in Hyrule Castle? Along with Zelda and the Fused Shadows, who assisted Ganondorf? Who does Midna teleport outside the castle to hold him off with the Fused Shadows? What did Ganondorf crush in Hyrule Castle? What did Midna destroy with a tear to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? In what year did Nintendo announce that The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? What conference did Eiji Aonuma attend? What country did Nintendo of America tell Aonuma about the sales of The Wind Waker? What did Eiji Aonuma suggest that Aonuma should start by doing in Ocarina of Time? In what year did Nintendo announce that The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? Who was the director of the Game Developers Conference? What did Eiji Aonuma suggest that Aonuma should start by doing in Ocarina of Time? How many months did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? In what year did Aonuma's team release a trailer for horseback riding? What was The Wind Waker released for in 2007? What was the name of the true sequel to The Wind Waker? In what year did Nintendo release a trailer for horseback riding? What did Link metamorphoses into in the Dark World of A Link to the Past? What was the name of the game that Aonuma directed for the Game Boy Advance? What was the name of the Wii's code? Who thought the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? Who changed the story of A Link to the Past? What was the name of the Revolution's pointing device? What type of interface did Aonuma develop for the bow and arrow? In what year did Aonuma announce the release of Twilight Princess? Who felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end? In what year did Aonuma announce the release of Twilight Princess? What game was transferred to the Wii? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What did Nintendo transfer GameCube development to? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What did the prototype use to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint? Who claimed that a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? What was the name of the controller that did not make it into the GameCube release? In what year did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? How long was the GameCube release pushed back to? Who claimed that a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? In what year did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? What did demo users complain about? The new item system required the use of the button that had previously been used for what? Who commented that they would like to see the sword controls? What type of swing was used to control a left-handed sword attack? What did Miyamoto focus on? Who composed the game's score? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who conducted the orchestral arrangements for the three compositions of Twilight Princess? What type of instruments did Kondo prefer? How many people did Kondo envision for action sequences? On what date were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? What was the name of the promotion that Kondo envisioned to use orchestral music? What type of requests prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game? On what date were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? What was the name of the six- and seven-track version of the game? What vulnerability was discovered in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What types of programs could be used to load unsigned code in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What version of the Wii Menu patched the buffer overflow vulnerability? What was the name of the exploit that allowed the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console? What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu patched the buffer overflow vulnerability? Who developed The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD is being developed for what? When was The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD announced? When is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What is the name of the high-definition remaster of the game? Who developed The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD features enhanced graphics and what other feature? When is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What figurine unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? Who replenishes arrows in the 2016 Zelda game? What two Zelda-related Amiibo figurines restore Link's health? Which Zelda-related Amiibo figurine causes Link to take twice as much damage? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon that unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? What figurine unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon that unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Who replenishes arrows in the 2016 Zelda game? What two Zelda-related Amiibo figurines restore Link's health? What was the preorder bonus for a CD containing 20 musical selections from the game? How many musical selections from the game were available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States? Where is the CD included? What was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States? What type of scores did Twilight Princess receive? What are the review aggregators of Twilight Princess? Who called Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? What was Twilight Princess released to? What type of scores did Twilight Princess receive? What is the average score for Twilight Princess? Who called Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? Who praised Twilight Princess as "the single greatest videogame experience"? Who praised Twilight Princess as "the single greatest videogame experience"? Who praised Twilight Princess as "the single greatest videogame experience"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? Who praised Twilight Princess as "the single greatest videogame experience"? Who considered Twilight Princess's soundtrack to be the best of this generation? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What was the name of the game Twilight Princess received? Where did Twilight Princess rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? What ranking did IGN give Twilight Princess? What was Twilight Princess's ranking in the 2000s decade? Who gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story? What was Twilight Princess considered by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy? Where did Twilight Princess rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? What ranking did IGN give Twilight Princess? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? Where is Twilight Princess the best-selling entry in the Zelda series? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? Who illustrated Twilight Princess? What is the name of the exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess? Who is the publisher of the mangaseries Twilight Princess? What application does Shogakukan use for the manga series? Who produced Spectre (2015)? Who plays James Bond in Spectre (2015)? What is Spectre (2015)? What was the name of Sam Mendes' second James Bond film? How much is Spectre's budget? How many James Bond films is Spectre (2015)? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? How many James Bond films is Spectre (2015)? Who distributes Spectre (2015)? Who directed Spectre? What is the name of the global criminal organisation Bond pitted against? What was the name of the first Eon Productions film since 1971? Which James Bond characters return to Eon Productions? Who is Mr. Hinx? What is the name of Monica Bellucci? Which James Bond characters return to Eon Productions? Who was the new addition to Dr. Madeleine Swann? Who is Mr. Hinx? In what year did Eon Productions film Diamonds Are Forever? When was Spectre released? Where was Spectre's world premiere? When was Spectre released in the United States? What did Spectre receive praise for? What did Spectre win the Golden Globe for? What was the name of the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues? What was Spectre's theme song called? When did James Bond kill three men? Who was allory's promotion to M? What was the name of the mission that 007 James Bond did? What is the name of a global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states? Who promoted James Bond to M? When did James Bond kill three men? What are the two joint Intelligence Service members of the Joint Intelligence Service? What does Bond steal in the ensuing struggle? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? What does Lucia tell Bond about? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who is Hinx? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who pursues Oberhauser? Who is the leader of Spectre? What is White dying of? What is the name of Bond's daughter? What happens to White when he is found at the Hoffler Klinik? Where does Bond locate Swann? Where is L'Américain located? What is the cause of White's death? What is the name of the daughter that Bond tells Bond to protect? Where is L'Américain located? Who abducts Swann? How do the two travel to Oberhauser's base in the desert? Who was Oberhauser's father? What name did Oberhauser adopt to form Spectre? What name did Oberhauser adopt to form Spectre? Where is Bond taken to when he is kidnapped? What is the name of the disfigured man who kills Swann? Where does Blofeld's helicopter crash? What is the name of the person who is responsible for the kidnapping of Nine Eyes? What is the name of the group that meets Bond and Swann? What is the name of the person who is responsible for the kidnapping of Nine Eyes? What was SPECTRE? Who disputed the rights to Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the non-Eon film that Fleming contested in 1963? What was the name of the second remake of Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the non-Eon film that Fleming contested in 1963? What novel did Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory have rights to? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as Spectre? What company was Danjaq, LLC? In what year did MGM settle the issue with Danjaq, LLC? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What concept did MGM acquire full copyright film rights to? Who formally settled the issue of Spectre? What company was targeted by hackers in November 2014? Who targeted Sony Pictures Entertainment in November 2014? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? When was Sony Pictures Entertainment targeted? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? Who played Franz Oberhauser? When was Spectre named as having been a temporary guardian of a young Bond? Who acquired the rights to Spectre? What was the name of Spectre's original film? What is the short story of the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection? Who is shown to have been his full-time guardian? What is the short story of the Octopussy and The Living Daylights collection? Who played Franz Oberhauser? In what film was Spectre introduced? What is the name of the film that draws on Ian Fleming's source material? What is the MI6 safehouse called? Who was the title character of Colonel Sun? What is the short story from the For Your Eyes Only short story collection? Where is the short story "The Hildebrand Rarity" from? Who was the author of the film "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques"? What is the MI6 safehouse called? When was the main cast revealed? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Who reprised the roles of M, Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Along with Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris, and Eve Moneypenny, who reprised their roles in Skyfall? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? How many th appearances did Daniel Craig make as James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who was Christoph Waltz cast in the role of? What was the name of Christoph Waltz's role in the film's release? Who was Sévérine in Skyfall? What did Jesper Christensen reveal he would be reprising his role as Mr. White? At what age did Monica Bellucci become the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl? Who was Sévérine in Skyfall? What did Jesper Christensen reveal he would be reprising his role as Mr. White? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico in February 2015? Who was the principal cast in the film Marco Sciarra? Who was cast as Estrella? In what year were over fifteen hundred extras hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? Where was the pre-title sequence set? In what country was Detlef Bothe cast as a villain? Who was the principal cast in the film Marco Sciarra? Stephanie Sigman was cast as what? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? Who returned as the production designer of the film? Who did Hoyte van Hoytema take over from? What two Bond films did Mendes directing? What was the name of the film that Mendes directed? What was the name of the film that Mendes directed? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? How many Bond films did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade return for? Which locations did Mendes confirm filming? What type of film did Van Hoytema shoot the film on? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8, 2014? How long did the production of the film take at Pinewood Studios? Where did Van Hoytema shoot the film? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8, 2014? When did filming begin in Austria? When did the production of the Hoffler Klinik end? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? What did Craig sprained while shooting a fight scene? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? Where was the fictional Hoffler Klinik located? What is the name of the glacier in Austria? What were the two locations of Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire? Who developed the C-X75? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a C-X75? How many independent electric engines did the C-X75 have? Where did filming return to England to shoot scenes? What was the name of the location where the film was shot? What two cars were featured in the car chase scene? Who developed the C-X75? What was the original C-X75 prototype for? Where did the film's opening sequence take place? What is the name of the festival that was filmed in Mexico City? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? How many extras were required to film the Day of the Dead? Where did the film's second unit move to? What was the opening sequence of the film in Mexico City? What was the name of the helicopter that was used to film the Day of the Dead? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? Where did Craig undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury? On what date did Craig return to film at Pinewood Studios? Where did Craig undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury? What two bridges were temporarily closed on May 17, 2015? What was the name of the group that was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke? On what river did the filming take place? Where were scenes shot on the river near MI6's headquarters? What two bridges were temporarily closed on May 17, 2015? Who was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke? Where were scenes involving Fiennes shot? At what time were scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot? Where did the filming in Morocco take place? What was the Guinness World Record for? Who was responsible for the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion"? How long did the filming of Spectre take? Where did production travel in June? What was the Guinness World Record for? How many days did the wrap-up party for Spectre take? Who was responsible for the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion"? How much did the media claim the script had been altered in order to secure tax concessions and financial support for the film? Who denied that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities? Where was Skyfall's pre-title sequence shot? Where did production of Skyfall move to? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released? What label released the soundtrack album in the USA? Who returned as Spectre's composer? What label released the soundtrack album in the USA? When did Thomas Newman work? When was the theatrical trailer released? What was Sam Smith's title theme? How many sessions did Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes write 'Writing's on the Wall'? What did Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes record before recording the song? Who wrote "Writing's on the Wall"? When was the song released as a digital download? What was the name of Adele's song? Who was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the name of the English band that composed a song for "Skyfall"? Who wrote "Skyfall"? Who was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the name of the English band that composed a song for "Skyfall"? Who unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film? How many cars did Aston Martin and Eon unveil as the official car for the film? What was the name of the team that carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What were the remaining two DB10 cars used for? How many cars did Aston Martin and Eon unveil as the official car for the film? What logo did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What did Skyfall release still images of on Eon's official social media accounts? What film produced still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? Where did Skyfall release still images of clapperboards and video blogs? What film produced still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? What was the name of the sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers? Where was the sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? When was the first teaser trailer for Spectre released? When did the cast and crew appear in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? What was the name of the sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Where was Spectre's world premiere? When was Spectre's world premiere in London? What company did Spectre have a wider release than Skyfall? What did Paramount Pictures release to avoid competing with Spectre? What company did Paramount Pictures avoid competing with? How much has Spectre grossed worldwide as of 21 February 2016? How much money has Spectre been generated from North America? How much of Spectre's takings have been generated from the UK market? How much did the film's first seven days grossed in the UK? Who set the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What was the name of the UK's highest-grossing IMAX release? How much did the film grossed on its opening day? Who set the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What was the name of the UK's highest-grossing IMAX release? Who previously held the record for the best per-screen opening? In what city did Spectre open? How much above Skyfall's opening in India? What is the name of the movie that Spectre opened in Germany? How much did South Korea open to? What is the name of the movie that Spectre opened in Germany? What is the name of the top movie of the year in the Netherlands? How many screens did Spectre have? How much did the film end up grossing in its opening weekend? How much did Spectre gross from its early Thursday night showings? What film grossed $70.4 million in its opening weekend? How many screens did Spectre have? On what day was the film's opening weekend grossing $5.25 million? On what date did China open its opening day? What percentage of screens did IMAX earn from its opening weekend? What was the second worst drop for any major Hollywood release in China? How much did IMAX make in China after its opening weekend? What is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? How much did IMAX make in China after its opening weekend? What is Metacritic's rating? How many critics were on Metacritic? What percentage of critiques did Rotten Tomatoes judge to be positive? What was the average rating of Spectre on Metacritic? How many critiques did Rotten Tomatoes judge to be positive? What is Metacritic's rating? Who described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence"? What company's Chris Tilly considered Spectre as "solid if unspectacular"? How many stars did Mark Kermode give the film? How many stars did Mark Kermode give the film? Who criticized Spectre as "the worst 007 movie in 30 years"? Who wrote the San Francisco Chronicle's review of Spectre? What did Matt Zoller Seitz describe Spectre as inconsistent? What did Matt Zoller Seitz describe Spectre as inconsistent? Who wrote The Atlantic? What did Lawrence Toppman call Craig's performance? For what newspaper did Alyssa Rosenberg write? What did Lawrence Toppman call Craig's performance? Who censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux? On what site did the CBFC censor kissing scenes? Who will again portray Bond in Spectre? When will Spectre's sequel begin development? When will the sequel to Spectre begin development? In what year did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? How many people died in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? In what year did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake measured at? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? How many people died in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? Where did the Wenchuan earthquake occur? What was the focal depth of the Wenchuan earthquake? When was the Wenchuan earthquake? What is the earthquake also known as? What is the name of the earthquake's epicenter? How long was the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake? What was the focal depth of the Wenchuan earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead as of July 21, 2008? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan province? How many people were left homeless after the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? How much did the central government spend in 2008 to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan province? How many people were injured in the earthquake? How many people were listed as missing? How many people were left homeless after the earthquake? How many people were killed in the earthquake? Where was the epicenter of the quake? How long did the quake last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What was the magnitude of the quake? How long did the quake last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? Where did the earthquake occur? Where was the Longmenshan fault located? How long did the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture last? How deep was the focus of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? Where did the earthquake occur? What is the mid-fracture known as? When was the majority of energy released from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? What was the maximum displacement of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? When was a confidential written report sent to the State Seismological Bureau? When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory first released? What did Yazhou Zhoukan claim was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? What region of Sichuan did Yazhou Zhoukan warn about? When was the earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan? What did Geng try to establish a correlation between? What did the Seismological Bureau deny? What was the displacement of the earthquake in a USGS study? Who warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock? What was the displacement of the earthquake in a USGS study? How long was the fault of the USGS? How deep was the fault of the USGS? Where did the earthquake increase the stress and probability of occurrence of future events? What is the risk of a major M>7 aftershock? How many people were killed in the Great Hanshin earthquake? How many stages did the earthquake occur? What was the name of the 155-mile earthquake that occurred in two stages? What did Yuji Yagi point out about the magnitude of the Great Hanshin earthquake? How much energy did the Great Hanshin earthquake release? What did Teruyuki Kato say the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power? How many major aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? When were the major aftershocks recorded? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? How many major aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many total aftershocks were recorded by 12:00 CST? What was the strongest aftershock exceeding M6? How many aftershocks were recorded on November 6, 2008? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Where did the Ms 6.1 earthquake occur? Why was the Ms 6.1 earthquake not part of the series? What earthquake caused the Ms 6.1 earthquake in southern Sichuan? Where did the Ms 6.1 earthquake occur? What earthquake occurred on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan? What earthquake was caused by a different fault in 2008? Who published the map of earthquake intensity? What is the maximum liedu on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What is the liedu of XI described on the European Macroseismic Scale? What was the maximum intensity of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What are the two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI centered around? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault in the epicentral area? What was the average dextral strike-slip in the epicentral area? What was the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What is the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault in the epicentral area? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault in the epicentral area? What is the average slip in Beichuan Fault? Where were the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower evacuated? What did a receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say the situation was after the hotel evacuated its guests? How long were workers at a Ford plant evacuated? What airport was shut down and the control tower and regional radar control evacuated? When did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopen? What happened to the office buildings in Shanghai's financial district? What airport was shut down and the control tower and regional radar control evacuated? Why did Cathay Pacific delay both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route? What was Chengdu Shuangliu Airport used for? Where did reports say they saw cracks on the walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas? What city's office towers were evacuated? Where did a train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? What did a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu? What did Chengdu report about some residential buildings in the downtown areas? What was evacuated from Beijing in 2008? What venue was not damaged in the 2008 Summer Olympics? Where did a train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? Why did a cargo train derailed in Hui County, Gansu? How many highways were damaged in Wenchuan? What percentage of the buildings in Beichuan County collapsed according to Xinhua News? What is the name of the city in which a whole school collapsed? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? How many highways were damaged in Wenchuan? What caused the collapse of the highways into Wenchuan? What percentage of the buildings in Beichuan County collapsed according to Xinhua News? What caused the collapse of 80% of the buildings in Shifang? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange do to companies based in southwestern China? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? Who suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China? What types of telecommunications were cut to the affected area after the earthquake? What type of capabilities were cut to the Sichuan area? How long did the government restore telecommunications? What was cut to the affected area after the earthquake? Where were all internet capabilities cut to after the earthquake? Who restored telecommunications in the Sichuan province? What were made accessible online in the Sichuan province? What types of websites were made accessible online in the Sichuan province? How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended? How many towers were suspended in China Mobile? How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended? Why did China Mobile have more than 2,300 base stations suspended? How much of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province? What company cut off the service in Wenchuan? How many towers were suspended in China Mobile? What reserve was home to 280 giant pandas? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many British tourists visited the Wolong Panda Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? What reserve was home to 280 giant pandas? How many pandas escaped after the quake? How many pandas did Mao Mao have? Who was found dead under the rubble of an enclosure? What is the name of the plant that was damaged by the quake? Where is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located? How many troops have been allocated to Zipingpu? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? What is the name of the plant that was damaged by the quake? How far away is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What was the damage to the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What reservoir is in danger of collapse? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people died in the quake in Sichuan province? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads? How many people died in the quake in Sichuan province? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? What was the cause of the quake? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? Where was the town of Yingxiu located? How many people live in the town of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many people live in the town of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Yingxiu? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? What is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan? Who was the Vice Minister of Health in Beijing? What did Gao Qiang say about the health care system in China? What did experts point out about the earthquake? Where is health care poor in China? What did Gao Qiang say the public health care system in China is? What is the government responsible for providing to earthquake victims? How many school children died in Mianyang City? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? What caused thousands of school children to die in Mianyang City? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many students died at Juyuan Elementary School? When was the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were left disabled after the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? What was the name of the artist and architect who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were left disabled after the earthquake? What did the Chinese government declare that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were affected by the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed in the earthquake? How many people were affected by the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were affected by the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed in the earthquake? How many pigs died in the Sichuan province? Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech? What is Reginald DesRoches? When was the Tangshan earthquake? When did China create an adequate seismic design code? What did the international reconnaissance team do to make a detailed survey of damaged buildings? What was the purpose of the international reconnaissance team? What is the reason for the preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What team was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What did an international reconnaissance team make in the aftermath of the earthquake? What is the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What were the hardest hit by the earthquake? Who was the assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology? In what part of China did the earthquake occur? Why were many of the buildings just built in the rural part of China? What type of building codes are there in China? What did Swaminathan Krishnan say many of the buildings were not built with? What is the estimated economic loss of Sichuan's Sichuan city? What did Sichuan's largest cities suffer from the quake? What is the estimated economic loss of Sichuan's cities? What history was the earthquake one of the costliest natural disasters in? How many cities in Sichuan suffered minor damage from the quake? How many homes did the aftershocks in Qingchuan cause? What was the average aftershock on May 25? How many injuries did an aftershock of 6.0 Mw cause on May 25, in Qingchuan County, Sichuan? How many homes did the aftershocks in Qingchuan cause? How many people were injured in the quake? What area of Sichuan was hit by a 6.1 Ms aftershock? Who was the executive vice governor? How many homes had been rebuilt in 2008? How many households were still without permanent shelter? How many schools had been reconstructed? Who was the executive vice governor? How many people were killed or missing in the earthquake in 2008? How many homes had been rebuilt in 2008? How many homes were under reconstruction in 2008? How many households were still without permanent shelter? Who flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work? What does Premier Wen Jiabao have an academic background in? What did Premier Wen Jiabao oversee? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to Wenchuan County? How long after the earthquake did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work? How many emergency medical teams did the Ministry of Health send to Wenchuan County? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to Wenchuan County? Why did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to Wenchuan County? What is the name of the plan that covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? When did the Level II emergency contingency plan rise to? What type of contingency plan was initiated by the National Disaster Relief Commission? What class of natural disasters does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? What is the name of the emergency contingency plan that covers the most serious class of natural disasters? Who initiated the Level II emergency contingency plan? How many people were in the earthquake emergency relief team? How many people did the State Seismological Bureau have? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Armed Police General Hospital? What was the name of the team that left Beijing from Nanyuan Airport? How many people were in the earthquake emergency relief team? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? What hospital did the 184 people come from? How did the earthquake emergency relief team leave Beijing from Nanyuan Airport? What did the article in the China Digital Times report? What was the name of the Chinese construction engineer? What newspaper reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What was the name of the Chinese construction engineer? When did many parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn their children? Where were the surviving children usually found on Children's Day? What did the surviving children do on Children's Day? What did many parents go to to mourn their children on Children's Day? When was Children's Day? Where were the surviving children mostly living? How much have Central State-owned enterprises donated to the disaster area? How many yuan did Sinopec donate each to the disaster area? How much have Central State-owned enterprises donated to the disaster area? How many yuan did Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much did China receive on May 16? How many countries did China receive $83 million for rescue efforts? How many international organizations did China receive? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How much did Saudi Arabia provide in financial assistance to China? How much money did China receive from 19 countries and four international organizations? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How many international organizations did China receive? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How long did the counterpart support plan last? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How many counties did the State Council arrange to help in 2008? How long did the counterpart support plan last? How much of the province or municipality's budget did the counterpart support plan cost? What did the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau say about the Zipingpu Dam? What was the name of the dam that triggered the quake? What was the effect of the Zipingpu Dam? Who had disregarded warnings about large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area? What type of area did the government disregarded warnings about? What have researchers been denied to examine the cause of the quake? What did the earthquake provide? What was the predicted time prediction method for the Sichuan earthquake? What did Lazo Pekevski and Strachimir Mavrodiev try to establish? What did Lazo Pekevski collect from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory? What did Zhang Xiaodong say about the earthquake? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong think earthquake prediction was? What did Zhang Xiaodong say was received before the earthquake? What did Gary Gibson say he did not see before the earthquake? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? In what year did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? What is the magnitude of an earthquake in Sichuan? How long was the earthquake the worst to strike the Sichuan area? How long was the earthquake the worst to strike the Sichuan area? What was there in the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible? What did the quake result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future? What is not yet established science? Who was one of the rescue teams in Sichuan? How many Tibetan villagers were stranded for five days without food and water? What did the Red Cross Society of China say was inconvenient to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter? What did the Red Cross recommend instead of other items? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend donating cash instead of other items? What was the ethnicity of the Tibetan village in Sichuan? What was the cause of the quake-stricken areas in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many helicopters were deployed on May 13? What was the cause of the quake-stricken areas in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many people were found in Wenchuan? How many helicopters were ordered by Premier Wen Jiabao? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be provided by the civil aviation industry? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? What industry provided 30 helicopters? What was the largest operation in People's Liberation Army history? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? Where did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? When did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? What did China accept to cope with the quake? What did China accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan? Who made a direct chartered cargo flight from Taiwan to Chengdu? When did the chartered flight depart Taipei? On what date was the direct chartered flight to Chengdu? What was the direct flight made by China Airlines from Taiwan to Chengdu? Where was a direct chartered cargo flight made by China Airlines? Where was the direct chartered cargo flight made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport? What team was scheduled to depart Taipei on a direct chartered flight to Chengdu? Where was the direct chartered cargo flight made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport? What did the United States share with Chinese authorities? Who did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with? How many Chinese troops were involved in the rescue effort? On what date did Chinese rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrive to join the rescue effort? What did the United States share about the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities? What did the U.S. Air Force C-17 carry? How many Chinese troops were involved in the rescue effort? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What did the official news agency Xinhua set up to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? What did Xinhua set up an online rescue request center to do? Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What was the name of the official agency that set up an online rescue request center to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? Who proposed a landing spot online? What did volunteers use the internet to store for victims and evacuees? On what date did a rescue helicopter crash in Wenchuan? What was the first anniversary of the quake? What did the government open access to for three days? How long did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What was the first anniversary of the quake? What will the Beichuan county seat be frozen as? How many concerts were there to raise money for the survivors of the quake? What did China remind people of on May 12, 2009? What did people donate after the earthquake? Who set up accounts after the earthquake? Where did people donate blood after the earthquake? What did people donate after the earthquake? What was set up in schools, banks, and gas stations after the earthquake? What did many of the people from China donate to accounts set up by Unicom and China Mobile? How much did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How many tents did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How much did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? Where did the Red Cross Society of China flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts? How many tents have the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provided for those left homeless? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? How much has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many tents have the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provided for those left homeless? What did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs say they have provided 30,000 tents for? What is the name of the organization that began relief work in the region? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the name of the catch phrase that has been invented by Chinese citizens? What type of schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the name of the catch phrase that has been invented by Chinese citizens? What are "illegal children" under 18 years of age registered as for their dead siblings? What was the name of the special program hosted by CCTV-1? What was the name of the round-the-clock coverage anchor at CCTV-1? What was the total amount of donations to the New Year's Gala? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of the song that Jackie Chan made on May 18? What was the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV-1? How much did the Chinese Yuan donate to the New Year's Gala? What was the name of the network that hosted The Giving of Love? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of the song that Jackie Chan made on May 18? What did a professor at Peking University say about China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What did the western media block during Cyclone Nargis? How has the Chinese media lived during the Sichuan earthquake? Who praised China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? When was the Sichuan earthquake? What type of lakes were formed behind the blockages? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? How many damming rivers were estimated to be of potential danger to the local people? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? What resulted in the formation ofquake lakes behind the blockages? What type of lakes were formed behind the blockages? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? How many villages had to be evacuated due to the flooding? Where was the most precarious quake-lake located? How are the quake-lakes accessible? What did the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company bring to the affected location? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? What happened to the 200,000 people evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? Where was the most precarious quake-lake located? Where was Mount Tangjia located? How many soldiers did PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters join? Who declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What did the State Council declare for the quake victims? Who died in the quake? When did the State Council declare a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What were the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded on Beijing's roads? How long did the State Council declare national mourning for the quake victims? What was the name of the Beijing torch relay? What is the name of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay? The Ningbo Organizing Committee announced that the relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? What was the length of the Beijing Olympic torch relay? Where did the next leg of the Beijing Olympic torch start? What did many websites convert their home page to? What did Sina.com and Sohu remove? What was the name of the entertainment websites that shut down in Tiananmen Square? What did the crowds in Tiananmen Square spontaneously do? What was the name of the casino that closed down in Macau? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What has Ye Zhiping been credited with? How many pupils did Ye Zhiping spare in 2007? How much money did Ye Zhiping get from the county education department? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Where was Ye Zhiping the principal of? Where is Sangzao Middle School located? How long did Ye Zhiping oversaw a major overhaul of his school? Why have Chinese prosecutors joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools? What was to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake? Who has joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools? What type of crime did Chinese prosecutors prepare for investigations into? Where were safety checks to be carried out after last month's earthquake? Who reported that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools? What did the National Development and Reform Commission forbade parents to sign a document to limit protests? Who broke up protests in Hanwang? Who has said they are investigating the collapses in Beijing and Sichuan? What did the National Development and Reform Commission want to do? What did the National Development and Reform Commission forbade parents to sign a document to limit protests? What did some people who refused to sign a document forbade them from holding protests? What did Chinese news media stop reporting? Who was detained on June 25, 2008? What was Liu Shaokun's family told about? What was Liu Shaokun? What was Liu Shaokun investigated for? What did Liu Shaokun do to the Sichuan school buildings? How did Liu express his anger at the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings? How long was Liu Shaokun ordered to serve through labor? When was Tan Zuoren sentenced to prison? When did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction? What did Tan Zuoren attempt to document? What did UNICEF say about the quake? What did foreign nations and organizations offer in response to the quake? On what date did UNICEF report that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? Who reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? What was the cause of the quake? How much did Yao Ming give to the Red Cross Society of China? How much has Yao Ming collected in donations? How many yuan was donated by the Chinese public? Who donated 10.7 billion yuan? Which Houston Rockets center gave $214,000 to the Red Cross Society of China? How much has Yao Ming collected in donations to the Red Cross Society of China? What did Francis Marcus praise the Chinese rescue effort as? What did the Economist say China reacted to the disaster? What type of response did the Economist contrast to Burma's response to Cyclone Nargis? How long ago did the Cyclone Nargis devastated Burma? Who praised the Chinese rescue effort in Beijing? What did all Mainland Chinese television stations replace their cancelled programmes with from CCTV-1? What was the name of the live earthquake footage that Mainland Chinese television stations replaced with? What did Mainland Chinese television stations have to do to their programmes? What country's military junta blocked aid during Cyclone Nargis? What was the result of the quake? What was the Chinese government initially praised for? What did parents of Sichuan's schools accuse of in 2008? What did parents of children lost in collapsed schools complain they had yet to receive? What did censors discourage from being published in the media? What media has largely ignored the issue? Who's instructions did the state-controlled media ignore? Who reported that the state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue? Why are shoddily constructed buildings commonly called "tofu buildings"? What do builders replace steel rods with for concrete re-inforcement? Who did not check to see if the shoddily constructed buildings met the national standards? Who has still not been brought to justice? Who are still seeking compensation and justice to what happened to their only child? What did the Times say many parents were warned not to stage a protest under? According to what newspaper, many parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What was the name of the child that was lost by the corrupt government? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the city of New York called to distinguish it from the State of New York? What is the city of New York called to distinguish it from the State of New York? How many boroughs are in New York City? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York City in 2014? How many square miles is New York City's land area? How many people live in the Combined Statistical Area? How many boroughs are in New York City? What five boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York City in 2014? How many languages are spoken in New York? What was New York City named in 1626? New York City traces its roots to its founding as a trading post by colonists of what country? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? When did New York's surroundings come under English control? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? When was New York City founded? When was New Amsterdam named? When did New York's surroundings come under English control? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many stations are in the New York City Subway? What is the Financial District of Lower? How many colleges and universities are in New York City? What are the two largest stock exchanges in the world? Along with Long Island, what other island did the ice sheet help split apart? When was the New York City region situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth? What was the area of New York City located at the edge of during the Wisconsinan glaciation? What was the name of the Lenape's homeland? When was the first documented visit by a European? Who was the first European to visit New York Harbor? What was the name of the ship that Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed into New York Harbor? What country did Giovanni da Verrazzano claim the area for? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area for France? When was the first documented visit by a European? What was the name of the ship that Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed into New York Harbor? What country did Giovanni da Verrazzano claim the area for? In what year did Gomes arrive in New York Harbor? Who led the Spanish expedition? What language was Estêvo Gomes? Who did Estêvo Gomes sail for? What was the name of the purpose-built caravel? What did Gomes name the mouth of the Hudson River? What was the name of the first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously? Who re-discovered New York Harbor in 1609? What was the name of Henry Hudson's employer? In what year did Henry Hudson claim the area for his employer? How many days did Henry Hudson explore New York Harbor? What was the name of the Mauritis River? What was the name of Henry Hudson's employer? In what year did Henry Hudson claim the area for his employer? Who re-discovered New York Harbor in 1609? Where was Juan Rodriguez born? Who was Juan Rodriguez translated to Dutch? Who was Juan Rodriguez? What is the name of Broadway? When did Juan Rodriguez arrive in Manhattan? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City? What is the name of Juan Rodriguez Way? Where was the Dutch fur trading settlement founded? On what island was Fort Amsterdam built? In what year did the Dutch settle on Governors Island? Who purchased Manhattan from the Canarsie? When did Minuit purchase Manhattan from the Canarsie? When did a permanent European presence in New Netherland begin? In what year did the Dutch settle on Governors Island? What did the legend say Manhattan was purchased for? What was the fledgling city called after the Duke of York? Who was the Duke of York? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was Peter Stuyvesant? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Prince of Orange's King? When did Anthonio Colve take over the colony of New York from England? What was the name of the colony of New York renamed to honor the Prince of Orange? When did the Dutch return New York to England? Who took over the colony of New York from England on August 24, 1673? Where did Anthonio Colve take over the colony of New York? Who was the Prince of Orange? In what war did the English gain control of Run? What was the population of Lenape by 1700? What island did the Dutch gain control of at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of Lenape by 1700? In what war did the English gain control of Run? What percentage of households held slaves by 1730? What was the most important city in New York in 1730? Where was the new federal courthouse built? What was the name of the new Federal Burying Ground? What was the most important city in New York in 1730? When was the African Burying Ground discovered? In what year did John Peter Zenger trial in Manhattan? Where was John Peter Zenger trial? When was Columbia University founded? Who founded Columbia University? What was Columbia University founded in 1754? Who was trialed in 1735? When was Columbia University founded? Where did the Stamp Act Congress meet? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island located? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? How many escaped slaves crowded into Brooklyn during the British occupation? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island located? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? When was the Great Fire of New York? Who was the general of the Conference House on Staten Island? What caused a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan? The Great Fire of New York caused a large conflagration on the West Side of what city? What was the name of the church that destroyed about a quarter of New York's buildings? Who was the general of the Conference House on Staten Island? What caused a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan? When did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national capital? Who was the first President of the United States in 1789? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? What was the largest city in the United States by 1790? What assembly made New York the national capital shortly after the war? What did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national? In what year was the first President of the United States inaugurated? When did New York become the largest city in the United States? When was New York State's gradual abolition act? Where did a significant free-black population develop? Who founded the African Free School? In what year was the African Free School abolished? How many blacks were in Manhattan in 1840? When was New York State's gradual abolition act? In what year was the African Free School abolished? What did the city adopt in 1811? When was the Erie Canal completed? Who dominated local politics in the 19th century? Who supported Tammany Hall? When was the Erie Canal completed? What was the name of the first landscaped park in an American city? When did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? What did Central Park become in 1857? What brought a large influx of Irish immigrants to New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How much of New York's population was Irish by 1860? What percentage of New York's population was German in 1860? What had disrupted societies in New York by 1860? What brought a large influx of Irish immigrants to New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? Who called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany? How much did the American Civil War spare wealthier men to pay to hire a substitute? What were the most visible participants of the Draft Riots of 1863? How many people were killed in the American Civil War? What was the black population in Manhattan by 1865? What was burned to the ground by the Riots? In what year was the City of New York formed? When was the subway opened? In 1898, the County of New York included parts of what area? When was the subway opened? In what year was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? How many people were killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the city's worst industrial disaster? How many garment workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What organization did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire spur? What was the city's worst industrial disaster? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? What was the name of the era of Prohibition? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s? What was New York the first in human history? Who was elected mayor of New York in the 1930s? How many years of political dominance did Tammany Hall fall after? What was New York the first in human history? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? What city was the center of the art world? What type ofionism caused the displacement of Paris as the center of the art world? What was the name of the headquarters that was completed in 1952? Where did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? When did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? What did the Stonewall riots take place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969? Where did the Stonewall riots take place? In what year did New York's population reach all-time highs? In what year did New York's population reach all-time highs? What was the name of the new sectors that emerged in New York's economy? In what decade did New York's crime rate increase? In what decade did New York City suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? In what decade did New York City suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? What was the name of the flight that was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What was the name of the flight that was piloted into the South Tower of the World Trade Center? How many firefighters were killed in the 9/11 attack? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How tall is the World Trade Center spire? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many of the 19 terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What was the name of the flight that was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where is Zuccotti Park located? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Who founded the National Review? When was the National Review published? Who defended New York in 2016? Who ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in 2016? Where is New York City located? Where is New York City located? New York City is halfway between Washington, D.C. and what other city? What ocean does the Hudson River feed into? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? Where does the Hudson River feed into? What three islands are most of New York City built on? What state does the Hudson River separate New York from? What river separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What river flows through the Bronx and Westchester County? Where does the Hudson River flow through the Hudson Valley? Where is the Hudson River located? What state does the Hudson River separate New York from? What is the only entirely fresh water river in New York? What is the name of the tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers? What is the name of the city that is most prominent in the 1970s and 1980s? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area of water? How many sq mi is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? Where is Todt Hill located? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area of water? How many sq mi is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? How many feet above sea level is Staten Island? What is the name of the saltbox style in Brooklyn? Where is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? What is the name of the modern building in New York? Where is Ground Zero located? In what year did the oldest section of New York's building date to? What is the name of the modern building in New York? How many high-rise buildings did New York City have in 2011? What is the second largest skyscraper in the world? How many completed buildings were in New York City in 2011? When was the Woolworth Building built? How many completed buildings were in New York City in 2011? What is the second largest skyscraper in the world? How many completed buildings were in New York City in 2011? When was the Empire State Building? What type of style did the Chrysler Building have? The eagles at the corners of what floor on the Chrysler Building are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style? What is a highly influential example of the international style in the United States? Who awarded the Condé Nast Building? What type of ornamentation is found at the corners of the 61st floor of the Chrysler Building? When was the Empire State Building? When was the Chrysler Building? Where is Riverdale located? Where is Ditmas Park located? Where is Douglaston located? When were the brownstone rowhouses and townhouses built? What style of homes are common in New York City? What is the name of New York's large residential districts? When was the construction of wood-frame houses limited? How many stories were required to be installed on buildings in the 1800s? What was the name of the outlying area in the 1920s? What became the city's building materials of choice after the Great Fire of 1835? What is a distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings? When did the United States Geological Survey reveal a "slightly lower hazard for tall buildings"? How many boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? How many boroughs of New York City are there? What are the four boroughs of New York City? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days does New York City average with at least some sunshine annually? How many hours of sunshine does New York City have per annum? What type of climate does New York City have? What is the coldest month in the Köppen climate classification? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days does New York City average with at least some sunshine annually? What is the name of the plant hardiness zone in New York City? Who shields Pittsburgh from colder air? What is the daily mean temperature in January? What is the average humidity level in Pittsburgh? How many days does the daytime temperatures exceed? On what date has the average mean temperature of the city been 106 °F? How many °F has the dew point been recorded on July 9, 1936? In what year were extreme temperatures recorded? In what year was the average mean temperature of Pittsburgh recorded? How many inches of precipitation does New York receive annually? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? On what date did Hurricane Sandy bring a destructive storm to New York City? How many inches of precipitation does New York receive annually? What caused a destructive storm surge to New York City? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the Department of Parks and Recreation in New York? What is the name of the office that operates the City of New York? Who operates the lands of the City of New York? Which city has the most populous park system in the U.S.? What city was the second best park system in the U.S.? Which city has the most populous park system in the U.S.? How many acres is Gateway National Recreation Area? How many acres of salt marsh, islands, and water are in the Gateway National Recreation Area? What is the name of the park in Queens? What is the name of the park in Queens? What is the name of the Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens? How many acres does Gateway National Recreation Area have? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is the General Grant National Memorial called? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What is the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village a catalyst for? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are in both the states of New York and what other state? The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are in both the states of New York and what other state? What is the name of the National Historic Landmark in Greenwich Village? What is the General Grant National Memorial called? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How many acres is Riverbank State Park? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How far does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? What is the name of the U.S. military's only active duty installation in New York City? When was Fort Hamilton founded? Where is Fort Hamilton located? What division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers is Fort Hamilton headquarters? What is the name of the military fort in New York City? What is the name of the U.S. military's only active duty installation in New York City? When was Fort Hamilton founded? Where is Fort Hamilton located? Where is Fort Totten located? How many people live in New York City as of 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? How many people live in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York City's population is in New York City? What percentage of New York City's population is in New York City? How many people live in New York City as of 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? What percentage of New York City's population is New York City? What was the estimated population density of New Jersey in 2014? How many people per square mile is Manhattan? In what county is New Jersey more dense? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was black in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was Hispanics of any race? How many non-Hispanic whites were there in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? In what war did the number of blacks decline for the first time? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was black in 2010? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? Where was the term "melting pot" first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods? Who constituted the largest immigrant group in 1900? What percentage of the city's population was white in 1940? Who was the largest immigrant in Ellis Island in 1900? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? When did Ellis Island receive European immigrants? What percentage of New York's population is foreign born? What is the ten largest source of foreign-born individuals in New York as of 2011? How many Bangladeshi immigrants live in New York by 2013? What is the largest source of foreignborn individuals in New York? How much of New York's population is foreign born? What is the largest Asian American population in New York City? What is the name of the original Chinatown satellite? What percentage of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity in 2012? What is the largest Asian American population in New York City? What percentage of New York City's population is Asian? What was the population of New York City in 2012? How many people live in Houston? How many Polish Americans live in New York City? How many people live in Chicago? Where are Albanian Americans most concentrated? What was the population of New York City in 2012? How many people live in the wider New York City metropolitan area? How many Jews were in New York City in 2012? What percentage of the nation's Indian Americans live in the metropolitan area? How many Hispanics live in New York City? How many established Chinatowns are in New York City? What was the population of Puerto Ricans in 2013? What country was the top source for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What country was the top source for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What is the name of the country that has the most legal immigrants to New York City? What country was the top source for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days were same-sex marriages in New York authorized to take place? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days were same-sex marriages in New York authorized to take place? What was the percentage of Christianity in New York City? What percentage of New York's population is Catholic? How many Jews live in Brooklyn? Where did the majority of Jews live in New York City? What religion ranks third in New York City? What religion was the most prevalent in New York as of 2014? What religion was the most prevalent in New York as of 2014? Where did the majority of Jews live in New York City? In 2014, how many people self-identified with no organized religious affiliation? What religion ranks third in New York City? What is the Gini Coefficient for New York City? What city has a high degree of income disparity? Who was the mayor of New York City in 2013? What percentage of people live in New York City in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What city has a high degree of income disparity? What is the name of New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere? Who published the Global Economic Power Index in 2012? In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey handle record cargo volume? In what year did New York City top the first Global Economic Power Index? How many private sector jobs are in New York City? What is the name of the American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013? What was the total value of New York City property for the 2015 fiscal year? 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Where is Godiva headquartered? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? Who is one of the world's largest chocolatiers? How many jobs did the securities industry enumerate in August 2013? What percentage of the city's private sector jobs did Wall Street account for in 2012? How much of the city's tax revenue does Wall Street account for? What is the average salary of New York City? How many percent of the city's total wages are in New York City? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the NASDAQ located? How much did investment banking fees on Wall Street total in 2012? What percentage of New York State's tax revenue was generated by Wall Street's securities industry in 2013-14? What organization did NYSE Euronext take over the administration of the London interbank offered rate? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? 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What street version of baseball was popularized by youths in the 1930s? What was the street in the Bronx renamed in the late 2000s? Where was Stickball Boulevard renamed in the late 2000s? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? How many subway stations are in New York City? What is the name of the world's largest railway station? How many passengers ride the New York City Subway in 2014? What is the name of the world's largest railway station? How many minutes a day do New York City residents get to work? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work using mass transit in 2005? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit? What percentage of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace? How many minutes a day do New York City residents get to work? How much of New York's households do not have a car? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What is the main intercity bus terminal of New York City? How many buses does the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve? How many commuters do the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve daily? What is the main intercity bus terminal of New York City? What are the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? What is the name of the three busiest airports in New York? What is the name of the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? Where is Stewart International Airport located? How many travelers used New York's airspace in 2012? What is the world's busiest ferry route? How many hours a day does the Staten Island Ferry run? How many kilometers is the Staten Island Ferry? The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route between Staten Island and Lower what city? How many passengers does the Staten Island Ferry carry? What is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? 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Who was the author of Lee's first novel? When was To Kill a Mockingbird awarded the Pulitzer Prize? How many weeks was To Kill a Mockingbird in 1961? In what year did Harper Lee win the Paperback of the Year award? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What award was given to To Kill a Mockingbird in 1961? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? When was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? How many communities chose To Kill a Mockingbird? In what city was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? In what city was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? How many communities chose To Kill a Mockingbird? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? When was Lee awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? In what year was the book made into a well-received film with the same title? Who starred in Atticus Finch? Who starred in Atticus Finch? What was Lee's father's pocketwatch? What was the name of Peck's father? What did Harper Lee give him? What was the name of Peck's father? When did Lee make an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What did Peck's widow Veronique say Lee was like? Who adapted the book as a play? In what year was the play "The Literary Capital of Alabama" released? In what city was the play "The Literary Capital of Alabama" released? Who makes up the cast of the play in Monroeville? What does the audience of the play move into the Monroe County Courthouse? Where did Sergel's play toured? Where did Sergel play in 2013? Who was Atticus Finch? When was Go Set a Watchman released? In what year was Go Set a Watchman published? How many books was Go Set a Watchman released on July 14, 1957? Who discovered the Watchman manuscript? What was the name of the earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? In what year was Go Set a Watchman published? How many books was Go Set a Watchman released on July 14, 1957? What are the serious issues of the novel? Who was the narrator's father? What is the strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers? What technique did Lee use to play intricately with perspectives? Who is the heritage of To Kill a Mockingbird? Where was Boo Radley's feelings of safety and comfort found? What was Lee's book categorized as? What is Scout's definition of people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have? What is the name of the Southern romantic regionalism novel? Who is the chief example of several innocents destroyed? Who did Christopher Metress connect the mockingbird to? What was the name of the character that was misunderstood? What does R. A. Dave claim every character has to face, or even suffer defeat? What newspaper noted that Scout Finch was the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding? Who labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived"? Who wrote the book "melodramatic and contrived"? Who wrote about racism as an inevitability? Who did Rosemary Goring write about Lee? Who criticized Lee's novel in The Wall Street Journal? Who was the author of The New Yorker? What is the name of the book that is viewed as marginalizing black characters? Who found the novel "demoralizing"? What did Michael Lind say the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of? What does Diane McWhorter say every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with? What does McWhorter say for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s? What does a National Geographic article say that people quote lines from the novel in Monroeville? What do local residents call Lee's cookbooks? What is solar energy derived from? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed? What technologies are used to harness solar energy? What is solar energy? How many terawatts of incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? How many kWh/m2 per day do people around the world live in areas with insolation levels? How many terawatts of incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? What is the insolation level of the Earth's surface? Who absorbs the rest of the Earth's solar radiation? What percentage of the globe is covered by oceans? What is the average temperature of sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses? What does green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? What percentage of the globe is covered by oceans? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? When does water vapor condenses into clouds? What does the latent heat of water condensation amplify convection? What does green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? How many exajoules is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses per year? How long did the world use solar energy in 2002? How many EJ per year does photosynthesis capture in biomass? How long did the world use solar energy in 2002? What is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses? How much energy does photosynthesis capture in biomass? What are the non-renewable resources of the Earth? Where do all renewable energies derive their energy from? What are solar technologies broadly characterized as? What are solar technologies characterized as passive or active? What types of renewable energies derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way? What type of way do all renewable energies derive their energy from the Sun? What type of solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, and solar thermal collectors to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What type of solar techniques are used to create spaces that naturally circulate air? What do active solar techniques use to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What do passive solar techniques do? What do active solar technologies do? What do passive solar technologies do? Who was the inventor of the Sun Power Company in 1897? In what year did Frank Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Frank Shuman patent the entire solar engine system? Who was Frank Shuman? In what year did Frank Shuman build a demonstration solar engine? What was the result of black pipes? In what year did Frank Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Frank Shuman patent the entire solar engine system? Where was the first solar thermal power station built? How many litres of water did Shuman pump from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? Where was the first solar thermal power station built? What did Shuman use to power a 45-52 kilowatts engine? Where was the first solar thermal power station built? What discouraged the advancement of solar energy? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? How much of the domestic hot water use can be provided by solar heating systems? What does solar hot water systems use to heat water? In low geographical latitudes, what can be used by solar heating systems? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What type of collectors are used to heat swimming pools? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems as of 2007? Who are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems as of 2007? Who is the world leader in the deployment of solar hot water systems? Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with what percentage of homes using them? In what countries are heating swimming pools the dominant application of solar hot water? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What percentage of the energy used in commercial buildings are HVAC systems? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What types of technologies can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in residential buildings? What type of mass is used to store heat? What is thermal mass? What are some common thermal mass materials that can be used to store heat? How are thermal mass materials used in arid climates? What type of climate have thermal mass been used to keep buildings cool? What does thermal mass reduce the need for? What is a solar chimney? What is a solar chimney? What is a solar chimney composed of? How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved? When do bare limbs allow light to pass? What have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? How much of incident solar radiation do leafless trees shade? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? Where can deciduous trees be used to provide a degree of summer shading? When was the simplest solar cooker built? What is the average temperature of a solar cooker? What do solar cookers use sunlight for? What are the three categories of solar cookers? Who built the simplest solar cooker? What is the typical temperature of a box cooker? What do reflective cookers require to function properly? How many parabolic dishes were in the Solar Total Energy Project? What does the short payback period of transpired collectors make them a cost-effective alternative to glazed collection systems? What are some solar concentrating technologies that can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications? What was the name of the first commercial system? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What are some of the oldest applications of solar energy? What are unglazed transpired collectors? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? Who was the first to use solar distillation to make saline or brackish water potable? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? What was the solar collection area of Las Salinas? What type of still design is used to make saline or brackish water potable? Who recommends solar water disinfection? What are the Exposure times of SODIS? What does the World Health Organization recommend solar water disinfection? How many people in developing countries use SODIS for their daily drinking water? What do algae produce that make the water unusable? How can solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond? What makes the water unusable? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? Where is the SEGS CSP plant located? In what year did solar generate less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? Where is the SEGS CSP plant located? What are the world's largest photovoltaic plants? Who constructed the first solar cell? When was the crystalline silicon solar cell created? What has PV evolved from a niche market to become a mainstream electricity source? What is a solar cell? Who constructed the first solar cell? Who developed the first solar cell? Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell? What is heated by the concentrated sunlight? What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is concentrated heat used to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is one of the most developed concentrating technologies? What is used to track the Sun and focus light? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What are the common features of passive solar architecture? What can passive solar architecture produce when they are tailored to the local climate and environment? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What are some of the common features of passive solar architecture? What are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What is the estimated cost of a "cool communities" program in Los Angeles? What are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What materials have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than the natural environment? What is a straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What do vinters use the energy generated by solar panels to do? What do agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy? What techniques can improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What did the fruit walls do to maximize the collection of solar energy? When were Primitive greenhouses first used to produce cucumbers? When were the first greenhouses built in Europe? What do greenhouses do? What does greenhouses convert solar light to heat? What were Primitive greenhouses first used to do? Where were the first greenhouses built? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge in 2007? What is the World Solar Challenge? When was the World Solar Challenge founded? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge in 2007? What are the two competitions that reflect an international interest in the development of solar powered vehicles? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean? What was the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean? What is the altitude of the Solar Riser? What is the name of the electric aircraft that is currently circumnavigating the globe? In what year did the AstroFlight Sunrise plane make the first solar flight? When did the AstroFlight Sunrise plane make the first solar flight? When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly in 1990? How long does the Solar Impulse allow the aircraft to remain airborne? What is a feasible alternative to solar induced chemical reactions? What type of process uses solar energy to drive chemical reactions? How can a variety of fuels be produced? What is the name of the process that uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide? What does zinc oxide produce at temperatures above 1,200 °C? What has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? What is a thermochemical route that uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures? What is the name of the process that uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide? What can thermal mass systems store solar energy in the form of? What can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations? What are some of the high specific heat capacities of thermal storage systems? What can well-designed systems do? What type of storage media are paraffin wax and Glauber's salt? Where was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system? What are two phase change materials? What is the average temperature of a molten salt heating system? What was the name of the first thermal storage media to use Glauber's salt? Why are salts an effective storage medium? How many terajoules does the Solar Two store in its 68 cubic metres storage tank? Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used what to store excess electricity? Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used what to store excess electricity? What gives household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid? How is a net metering program handled? How do standard meters measure electricity? What is the name of the pump that stores energy in the form of water pumped when demand is high? What does pumped-storage hydroelectricity store energy? How is the energy recovered when demand is high? When was the oil embargo? What caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What were some of the incentive programs that were focused on? What is the name of the research facility in the US? What is the name of Japan's research facility? What is the name of Germany's research facility? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States? What has the growth rate of solar water heating since 1999? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States? Why did interest subsided in the 1980s? What is the growth rate of solar water heating per year since 1999? What is the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling? Who said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? Who said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? What does ISO 9050 relate to? What does ISO 10217 refer to? What relates to glass in building? What is the name of the standard used in solar water heaters? What are the two types of technologies characterized as? What types of techniques are used to harness solar energy? What are passive solar techniques? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? What was the annual potential of solar energy in the 2000 World Energy Assessment? What makes it a highly appealing source of electricity? What organization found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575-49,837 exajoules? How will the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies increase countries' energy security? What does the International Energy Agency lower? What should the additional costs of early deployment be considered? What does the International Energy Agency say will increase countries' energy security by reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource? What factors limit the amount of solar energy that humans can acquire? Why does geography effect solar energy potential? What can increase the solar energy potential in areas that are closer to the equator? Why does time variation affect the potential of solar energy? Why can cloud cover effect the potential of solar panels? Why does land availability have a large effect on the available solar energy? Why are roofs found to be a suitable place for solar cells? What factors did the World Energy Council take into account? What is the global potential of solar energy? What is solar power? How is solar power converted into electricity? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What do CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to do? What does PV convert light into electric current? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? Who first used solar architecture and urban planning? Where did the Greeks and Chinese orient their buildings to provide light and warmth? What is a solar balloon? What does a solar balloon do as sunlight shines on the balloon? What market is a solar balloon limited to? Why are solar balloons limited to the toy market? Why did the early development of solar technologies begin in the 1860s? Why did the development of solar technologies stagnate in the 20th century? By what year could solar energy technologies provide a third of the world's energy? What could the energy from the sun play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy? What empires have ruled Tajikistan? What are some of the kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures? What is the name of the city that now constitutes Tajikistan? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? What are some of the kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures? What empires have ruled Tajikistan? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did Tajiks begin to be conscripted into the Soviet Army? How many Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during World War II? What percentage of Tajikistan's citizens were killed during World War II? What did Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focus on Tajikistan? How were the factions of Tajikistan distinguished? What did the ceasefire guarantee? Who defeated Abdumalik Abdullajanov? Why did more than 500,000 people flee during the civil war? What type of troops were stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border until 2005? Where have French troops been stationed since September 11, 2001? Where is the Ayni Air Base located? How do United States and Marine Corps personnel visit Tajikistan? How many Tajik soldiers were killed in the Rasht Valley in September? In what year did Russia send more troops to Tajikistan? When was the military operation in the Rasht Valley concluded? What were the concerns of Tajik officials in 2010? What is Tajikistan officially? Who is the Prime Minister of Tajikistan? Who are the two Deputy Prime Ministers? When did Emomalii Rahmon hold the office of President of Tajikistan? Where is Tajikistan a dominant-party system? What is the main reason for the government's freedom of the press? What is obstructed from reporting on controversial events? What does the Institute for War & Peace Reporting mean? What is the Institute for War & Peace Reporting? What is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area? What range is Tajikistan covered by? Where is Dushanbe located? What is the smallest nation in Central Asia? What are the only major areas of lower land in Tajikistan? What is Tajik most likely? What does Tajikistan mean? What is the suffix "-stan" Persian for? Why is it difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik"? When did the Tibetan empire control Transoxania? Who controlled Transoxania in 710? What empire restored Persian control of Transoxania? What was the region known as? When did the Tibetan empire control Transoxania? Who controlled Transoxania in 710? When did the Tibetan empire control Transoxania? What empire restored Persian control of Transoxania? Who controlled Transoxania in 710? What empire restored Persian control of Transoxania? What was the region known as? What was the region known as? When did the Tibetan empire control Transoxania? When did the Umayyads control Transoxania? Who conquered Transoxania? What empire restored Persian control of Transoxania? When did the Russian Empire conquest of Central Asia? Who controlled the Tajikistan portion of the territory of Russian Turkestan? What was Russia interested in? What did Russia take control of between 1864 and 1885? Who ruled Tajikistan's territory by 1885? What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th Century? Who viewed the Jadidists as a threat? When were the uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand? Why did the Russians attack Khujand? What was the Russian Revolution of 1917? What was the purpose of the war against Bolshevik armies? What group prevailed after a four-year war? What religions were discouraged and repressed by the Soviets? What was created as a part of Uzbekistan in 1924? Where did cotton production take place between 1927 and 1934? What happened between 1927 and 1934? What happened in Tajikistan between 1927 and 1934? Who directed two rounds of Soviet purges? How many people were expelled from the Communist Party of Tajikistan? Who were sent in to replace those expelled from the Communist Party of Tajikistan? What was the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population between 1926 and 1959? What did Russians do to Tajikistan's Communist Party? How many seats did the ruling PDPT lose in 2010? What did the parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 polling did? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 polling failed? Where is Tajikistan located? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? What is the area of Tajikistan? What country borders Tajikistan to the east? Pakistan lies to the south, separated by what? What country borders Tajikistan to the east? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? What is the area of Tajikistan? What country borders Tajikistan to the south? What country borders Tajikistan to the west? When did Tajikistan become part of the Achaemenid Empire? The earliest recorded history of Tajikistan dates back to about 500 BCE when much of modern Tajikistan was part of what? Who conquestd Tajikistan before it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom? The Kushan Empire was a collection of what tribes? When did the Hephthalite Empire bring Islam? What was the name of the empire that moved into the region? What religions were practiced in the region in the 4th century CE? What was the GDP of Tajikistan in 2000-2007? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? How much of Tajikistan's agricultural output does cotton account for? What is the name of the largest aluminium plant in Central Asia? Who has focused on attracting investment for internal use and electricity exports? What type of potential do Tajikistan's rivers have? What is the highest dam in the world? What is the planned project that will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan? How much of Tajikistan's population lives on less than what per day? How much did the remittances from Tajik labour migrants total in 2010? How has Tajikistan achieved transition from a planned to a market economy? What has been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact? What is raised locally for the domestic market in Tajikistan? How is the fight against drug-trafficking achieved? What does Tajikistan hold third place in the world for? What is the UNODC working with Tajikistan to do? What is the majority of transportation in Tajikistan? What countries has Tajikistan pursued agreements with to gain port access via Afghanistan? What two countries signed an agreement in 2009 to improve and build a 1,300 km highway and rail system? In what year did Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran sign an agreement to build roads and railways? How many airports did Tajikistan have in 2009? What is Tajikistan's main airport? In what country is Dushanbe International Airport located? What is the only domestic airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of Tajikistan? What is the population of Tajikistan? How much of Tajikistan's population is under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajiks are between the ages of 14 and 30? What country has a population of 7,349,145? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called? What is the name of the people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast? Where are the Pamiris located? What is the name of the school that has been officially recognized by the government since 2009? What does Tajikistan consider itself as? What are the two Islamic holidays in Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is Muslim? What is a concern among mainstream Muslim leaders? What is a concern among mainstream Muslim leaders that minority religious groups undermine national unity? What is the name of the militant Islamic party that aims for an overthrow of secular governments? What is Hizb ut-Tahrir? Who must register religious communities by law? What does registration with the SCRA require? What do religious groups not have? How are religious groups not allowed to gather publicly for prayer? What did the Tajik government do to improve health care? How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan in 2000? What was the public expenditure on health in Tajikistan in 2004? What did the World Bank consider activities to support the population of Tajikistan? How long is public education in Tajikistan? How long has the government plans to implement in 2016? What is the name of the tertiary education institution in Tajikistan? What was the tertiary education enrollment in Tajikistan in 2008? What is anthropology the study of in the past and present? What are the main subdivisions of anthropology? What is the main subdivision of anthropology? What type of anthropology concerns long-term development of the human organism? Where is Archaeology thought of as a branch of anthropology? When was the Anthropological Society of Vienna founded? When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded? When was the American Anthropological Association founded? When was the Anthropological Society of Madrid founded? What did Virchow believe Darwin's conclusions lacked? What type of societies did the 19th century have? What type of organization did the American Association for the Advancement of Science support? Who belonged to the anthropological organizations in the 19th century? How many educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology? How many countries had some curriculum in anthropology? When did Franz Boas and Bronisaw Malinowski work? What did Margaret Mead advocate for? What has social anthropology been distinguished from other social sciences? What was Boas' argument against? What has cultural anthropology emphasized? What disciplines are forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What type of discipline is Anthropology? Where did early anthropology originate? What are some of the new fields that anthropology has been central in the development of? Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by what? When did epistemological shift away from positivist traditions? What did enduring questions about during the 1970s and 1990s occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? What two areas of anthropology remained largely positivist? What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades? What draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology? Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and what type of anthropology? Social anthropology helps develop understanding of what? What type of distinction does social anthropology have? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is an attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values? What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What type of view does participant-observation help to understand a culture? What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? What type of anthropology covers economic and political organization? Sociocultural anthropology covers patterns of what? What is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology? What language is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology? What does Sociocultural anthropology cover? What is the study of the human past through its material remains? What do archaeologists examine the material remains of past societies? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? How are past human groups presumed to have lived? Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of what? What is another term for linguistics? What does Linguistic anthropology link the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to? What is another name for anthropological linguistics? What fields do Linguistic anthropologists often draw on? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of? What are the Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', and 'literature' conceived as independent artistic activities? What qualities do anthropologists of art have without exclusively being 'artistic'? When was Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' published? What is the anthropology of 'art' called? Who used the term Ethnology to describe the natural history of man? In what year was Étienne Serres used to describe the natural history of man? When did Étienne Serres create a chair in anthropology and ethnography? Where was the National Museum of Natural History located? What was the name of the first anthropologists to use Ethnology? What are the intellectual results of in the early 19th century? What did theorists believe were the result of processes or laws unknown to them? What did theorists believe similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of? What was Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species? How did Darwin arrive at his conclusions? When did Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution? How did Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s? Where was Paul Broca in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie? What did Paul Broca break away from to form the first of explicitly anthropological societies? What did Paul Broca convert to when he read Darwin? What was Broca's role in the pathology of speech? What did Broca take an interest in? What was Broca's area called after him? What did Waitz specialize in? How many volumes did Waitz write about general and social anthropology? What did Waitz define anthropology as? What was Waitz's profession? What are some fields that would differ from anthropology? What does Waitz believe the data of comparison must be? What is the history of anthropology? Who was Waitz influential in the Anthropological Society of London? When did Richard Francis Burton and James Hunt break away from the Ethnological Society of London? What did the Anthropological Society of London follow? The Anthropological Society of London was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? Where are anthropology departments located in the 20th century? What has anthropology diversified from? What type of anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more? What is the purpose of a forensic archaeologist? How many nations are in the World Council of Anthropological Associations? What is another name for anthropology of media? What type of studies do media anthropology emphasize? When have new media and television started to make their presences felt? What is one of the types of ethnographic contexts explored? What type of anthropology is a relatively new area of internet research? What type of anthropology is concerned with the study and production of ethnographic photography? What is the anthropological study of visual anthropology? What type of cultures are visual representations from? What is the term for visual anthropology used interchangeably with? What type of anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope? How does economic anthropology explain human economic behavior? What does economic anthropology have a complex relationship with? What was the name of the Polish-British founder of Anthropology? What does Mauss say about gift-giving as an alternative to market exchange? Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to what? Political Economy introduced questions of what to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? What did Sahlins work on as the 'original affluent society'? What was the largest population of the world at the time? Political Economists have more directly addressed issues of what around the world? What type of Anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What does Applied Anthropology produce in specific cultural systems? What type of action does Applied Anthropology initiate? What is applied anthropology? What community does applied anthropology include researcher involvement and activism? What kind of perspective does Anthropology of development tend to view development from? What is one way that anthropology of development views development from a critical perspective? What is poverty if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty? Why is there a gap between plans and outcomes? Why is development so externally driven rather than having an internal basis? What can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures? What has developed a number of related concepts and terms? How long has anthropology developed a number of related concepts and terms? What are people related by descent? What is another term for kinship? What type of anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology? What does Feminist anthropology seek to reduce? What do Feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct? Feminist anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of what? What is Feminist anthropology inclusive of? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What does nutritional anthropology deal with? What is the interplay between culture and biology connected to? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development? What type of systems does nutritional anthropology deal with? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology? What does psychological anthropology focus on? What are some ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group? Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology? What type of anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space? What does cognitive anthropology seek to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space? Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences? What changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What type of anthropology concerns the structure of political systems? Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of what? When did political anthropology develop? What type of social settings did anthropologists begin to study? Who wrote 'Negara'? What is the name of the sub-focus group in the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993? In what year did the American Anthropological Association meet? What was the name of the sub-focus group in the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993? Who wrote the 1985 Cyborg Manifesto? What does cyborg anthropology study? What is a sub-specialty in the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time? What is the backdrop of environmental anthropology? What do many characterize the new perspective of environmental anthropology as more informed with? What type of exploitation does political ecology prevent? What is the name of the environmental justice advocate that Melissa Checker has a relationship with? How does Ethnohistory study ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs? What type of group does Ethnohistory study? What does Ethnohistory use historical and ethnographic data as? What do historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of? Who recognizes the utility of the source material in Ethnohistory? What type of anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism? Who quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition"? What did Ulf Hannerz say traditional anthropologists were? How many principle approaches are there in urban anthropology? What are the two principle approaches in urban anthropology? What is anthrozoology also known as? What is the study of interaction between living things called? What does anthrozoology overlap with? What is a major focus of anthrozoologic research? What are some fields of anthrozoology? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour? Where is Evolutionary anthropology based? What is evolutionary anthropology concerned with? What approach is Evolutionary anthropology based on? What does Evolutionary anthropology draw on to understand the human experience, past and present? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide? What is one of the topics that are considered to be a part of anthropology? What topics attract anthropological attention? What type of sacrifice attracts anthropological attention? What is one of the reasons that anthropological commitments have been proposed? What did many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries do in the 1940s? What were the Axis? Where did many of Boas' anthropologists serve? What did some of Boas' anthropologists work in? Why did David H. Price dismiss several anthropologists from their jobs during the Cold War? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What type of briefings do professional anthropological bodies object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state? What has the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth called ethically dangerous? What organization has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What has the AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' called certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What is the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What is the role of the US military? What type of efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs in Afghanistan? Where are HTS teams working with the US military? What does CEAUSSIC believe the AAA is incompatibility of HTS with? What type of anthropologists are interested in human variation and the possibility of human universals? What are anthropologists interested in? What do modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists? Where do anthropologists travel to to do something calledfieldwork? What type of study does modern population take anthropologists to the field? What do anthropologists divide the world up into? What is human time on Earth divided into? What type of type is Olduwan or Mousterian? Who share approaches to Culture regions? What type of method has anthropologists developed? What did some authors argue anthropology originated and developed as the study of? What is the term for "past societies"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? Who wrote the seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology? When did anthropologists start to look "across the tracks"? What has become common for social and cultural anthropologists since the 1980s? What does ethnographic research focus on? What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond? What type of research is increasingly set in the North Atlantic region? What do social and cultural anthropologists do in the North Atlantic region? What happened to Joseph I in 1758? Who were implicated in the assassination of Joseph I? Who was expelled from the country in 1758? When did Joseph I make his loyal minister Count of Oeiras? What did Sebastio de Melo do to the Jesuits? In what year did the new Count of Oeiras make "Marquis of Pombal"? How long did Pombal rule Portugal? What was Pombal's "enlightenment" primarily a mechanism for? What did the new Count of Oeiras do after the Távora affair? What did historians argue Pombal's "enlightenment" was an apparatus for? Who occupied Portugal in 1822? In what year was Portugal's largest colonial possession, Brazil? What was Portugal's largest colonial possession? What were the two countries that formed the Kingdom of Portugal? When did Portugal begin a slow but inexorable decline? Who fought against the Invasion of Portugal? How long did the King of Portugal stay in Brazil? Where did the Liberal Revolution begin? In what year did the situation in Europe cooled down enough that Joo VI would have been able to return to Lisbon? Why were Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, and scientific apparatus expanded and highly modernized? When were new coastal towns founded? When was the Conference of Berlin? What enticed Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries? What was the purpose of the Conference of Berlin? What new coastal towns were founded in the 20th century? When were Dom Carlos I and his heir apparent murdered in Lisbon? When was Portugal declared bankrupt? Who became the new king of Portugal? When did Manuel II of Portugal become the new king? What were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic? Who established the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo? When was the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo established? How many European countries did Portugal have to remain neutral in World War II? What was the result of new economic development projects? What international organizations is Portugal a member of? What type of government does Portugal maintain? What is Portugal's Social Progress in the world? Which Western European countries have the 18th highest Social Progress in the world? What is Portugal known for in 2001? What was Pelayos' plan? What did Pelayos plan to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from? When did Pelayos defeat the Moors? When was the Battle of Covadonga? What was the name of the war of Christian reconquest? Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain? Who knighted Vimara Peres? When did King Alfonso III knight Vimara Peres? What was Vimara Peres' title in 868 AD? What were the counties of Portugal known as? What did the people of County of Portugal struggle to do? What was the name of the kingdom that the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish? What was the name of the county of Portugal that struggled to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What is the Castilian Language known as? What is the name of the Spanish language that has been replaced by the Astur-Leonese Language? Who was the widowed de Melo's second marriage to? Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? What was the name of the Queen who was fond of Melo? What was the name of the Queen who was fond of Melo? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was the new city centre of Lisbon designed to resist? How were the effects of an earthquake simulated? What happened to Lisbon in less than one year? What remains one of Lisbon's tourist attractions? How did Sebastio de Melo contribute to the study of seismology? What is the official name of Portugal? Where is Portugal located? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe bordered by? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? What are the Atlantic archipelagos of Portugal? What is the official name of Portugal? Where is Portugal located? What country borders Portugal to the north and east? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe bordered by? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What two groups were followed by the Visigothic and Suebi Germanic peoples? Who were the Celts and the Romans followed by? When did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? What was the name of the era in which Portugal established itself as a kingdom independent from León? In what centuries did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? What was Portugal's wealthiest colony destroyed in 1755? When was Brazil's wealthiest colony established? In what year was the Portuguese First Republic established? What was the exception to the Portuguese First Republic? How many Portuguese speakers did Portugal have today? What is the Romano-Celtic name for Portugal? Who settled Portus Cale? What were the peoples that originated from the Portuguese name Portus Cale? When was Portus Cale founded? What is the name of Alenquer? When did Lusitania gain the status of Roman province? What is the northern province of Lusitania known as? What are some urban remains in Portugal? What are castros? How far from Coimbra is Conmbriga? How long did the Umayyad Caliphate defeat the Visigoths? When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin expanding? When did the Umayyad Caliphate collapse? Who established the Emirate of Córdoba? How long did the Emirate of Córdoba last? What did the governors of the taifas proclaim themselves of their provinces? Who did the governors of the taifas establish diplomatic relations with? Who fell into the hands of the Aftasid Dynasty? When did the Almoravids come from Morocco? At what battle did the Almoravids win a decisive victory? What is the name of the Iberian converts to Islam? What were the Arabs? Where were the Berbers originally from? Where did the Muslim population stay in Portugal? How many words are in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? Who was Alfonso's eldest son? What was the name of the second son of Alfonso? What was the name of the third son of Alfonso? When did Alfonso die? When was the Kingdom of Castile incorporated? When was Portugal devastated by the Black Death? What is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What alliance is Portugal regarded as the predecessor to? In what region did Portugal make an alliance with England? What did Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world? Who was Prince Henry the Navigator's son? What Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover? What was the name of the eastern route Portugal discovered to India? What country did Portugal discover in the Age of Discovery? How did the King's confidence in de Melo increase? Who was Sebastio de Melo made? Who was Sebastio de Melo's Prime Minister? Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1755? Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1755? What were Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? Why did Sebastio de Melo demarcate the region for production of Port? Who was Sebastio de Melo's enemies in the upper classes? Who was the first to control wine quality and production in Europe? What did Sebastio de Melo impose strict law? When was the Carnation Revolution? What was the Carnation Revolution? What was the PREC period characterized by? What was the name of the country that continued to be governed by? Who won the Portuguese legislative election in 1976? Who became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government? When did Mário Soares become Prime Minister? What did Portugal bounce between? When was the Portuguese Constitution approved? Why was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? What type of climate is Portugal defined as? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature of the Algarve in Alto de Fóia? What type of climate do the Azores and Madeira have? What makes weather predictions difficult? What type of climate does the Azores have? What types of forests are found in Gerês? What period did the laurissilva forest date back to? What type of oak is used to colonize many abandoned areas of Portugal? What was found in Setubal? How many natural parks are in Portugal? What is Laurisilva? What are some species of mammalian fauna in Laurisilva? What is Portugal an important stopover for? How many freshwater fish species are there? Where is the giant European catfish located? Why are some of the rare and specific species highly endangered? What is the name of the glowing fish that is possible to observe in some beaches? How many years is the President elected to? Who is the current President of the Republic? How many deputies are in the Assembly of the Republic? How long is the Assembly of the Republic? How many members of the Constitutional Court oversee the constitutionality of the laws? What two political parties dominate the Assembly of the Republic? Where does Portugal operate a multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What two political parties dominate the Assembly of the Republic? What percentage of the vote does the Left Bloc garner? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? How many years is the Head of State of Portugal elected to? How is the Head of State of Portugal elected to a five-year term? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Who acts as the cabinet? What is each government required to do? What is the failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme? Where does Portuguese law apply? What is the PSP? What is the Polcia Judiciária – PJ? Who oversees the Polcia Judiciária – PJ? In what year did Portugal decriminalize possession of illicit drugs? How many days of personal use are still punishable by jail time and fines? What are people caught with small amounts of a drug given the choice to do? What was the percentage of HIV infection cases in 2009? How many municipalities is Portugal divided into? How many civil parishes are in Portugal? How many districts is Portugal agglomerated into? How many branches do the armed forces have? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What do the armed forces serve? How many women were in the armed forces in 2008? What was the military expenditure of Portugal in 2009? How many personnel are in the Army? What is the main infantry brigade equipped with? What are the most mechanized brigade equipped with? What is the Rapid Reaction Brigade? How many personnel are in the Navy? What two major conflicts did Portugal engage in in the 20th century? When was the Portuguese Colonial War? Where have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions? Where did the Portuguese Armed Forces intervene in the 20th century? Who headed the Portuguese government after the bailout? What did Pedro Passos Coelho want to do after the bailout? What did the Portuguese government do to improve the state's financial situation? What was the average wage cut in 2012? When was the Carnation Revolution? Why did the Portuguese Republic encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles? Who released a report in January 2011 that demonstrated that the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles? When was the financial crisis? What two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years after the financial crisis? What were the reasons for the losses of two Portuguese banks? Why was the case of BPN particularly serious? What was the cause of the financial crisis in 2008-2009? What is the Portuguese currency? What was the name of the Portuguese currency that replaced the euro? What is Portugal's central bank? Where are most industries, businesses and financial institutions concentrated? What is Portugal's Leading Destination in 2012 and 2013? When was the Carnation Revolution? During what period did Portugal try to adapt to a changing global economy? What has Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model been slowly doing since the 1990s? What are some of Portugal's traditional industries? What is Portugal's leading cork producer? Who bailed Portugal out of the recession in the 21st century? In what year was Portugal bailed out of the bailout? What was the funding support for Portugal in 2011? When did Portugal exit the bailout? What was the unemployment rate of Portugal in the first quarter of 2014? What is agriculture in Portugal based on? What are some of the companies that support agriculture in Portugal? What types of crops does Portugal produce? What types of products does Portugal produce? What is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? What are the main landing sites in Portugal? What is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita? Portugal is ranked among Europe's leading what type of producer? Portugal is a notable producer of what minerals? What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential to conduct? Where does Portugal have vast iron and coal reserves? When did Portugal have vast iron and coal reserves? What are the two types of automotive industry? What are the names of the aerospace industries in Portugal? Where is Volkswagen's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant located? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Where are many major biotechnology and information technology industries concentrated? What is Portugal's visitor numbers forecast to do in the future? What type of destinations continue to compete in Portugal? What does Portugal need to do to stay ahead of its competitors? What are some of Portugal's niche attractions? Who described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe"? How much did the number of unemployed increase from 2002 to 2007? What was Portugal's unemployment rate by December 2009? What did Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to in 2009? In what year did Standard & Poor's downgrade its long-term credit assessment of Portugal? What did José Sócrates announce on national television? How many times did the Portuguese government request external financial aid from the IMF? What was the first time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was Portugal's justice system internationally known as? What country's justice system was the second slowest in Western Europe in 2011? How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 people? Who announced a significant government plan for the public sector? What did Coelho announce in May 2013? What did Coelho explain? Who did Coelho explain that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What is the retirement age of Passos Coelho? What types of expenses did Passos Coelho announce cuts in? What language was abolished in Basic Education? What have these policies led to? When did Portugal's unemployment rate fall? What was Portugal's unemployment peak in 2013? What was the unemployment rate in the second quarter of 2008? When did Portugal's unemployment rate rise? What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in Portugal? What was the name of the apparition of Fátima in 1917? What are some of the biggest tourist destinations in Portugal? What is the name of the tourist hotspot in Portugal? What set the priority for improvements in transportation? What did Portugal build in the 1990s? How many miles of road does Portugal have today? When was the first motorway opened? How large is the territory of Continental Portugal? How many international airports service Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 territory? What are the four international airports located near? What makes Lisbon a stopover for many foreign airlines? What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal? Where does the national railway system extend to? Who administers the national railway system? How many miles of railway lines are currently in service? How many km of railway lines are electrified? How long are the railway lines in service? What are the two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems? How many lines does Porto Metro have? Who supplied Lisbon tram services in Portugal? How long has the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa been supplied? What are the main research institutions in Portugal? What are some of the state-managed autonomous research institutions in Portugal? Who oversees the funding and management of the research system in Portugal? What are the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What is the Champalimaud Foundation? What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year? When was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What does Ciência Viva promote? What is the name of the Museum of Science and Technology of the University of Coimbra? What helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses? What is the name of the science parks in Portugal? What do companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to do? What are the two most cost-effective renewable sources in Portugal? Where did the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station begin operating? Where did the Aguçadoura Wave Farm open? What percentage of Portugal's electrical production was derived from hydroelectric dams? What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company? What does Redes Energéticas Nacionais do? What did Portugal generate electricity from before the solar/wind revolution? What type of turbines pump water uphill at night? What did the government encourage the use of rooftop solar electricity? What was the population of Portugal according to the 2011 census? What percentage of Portugal's population is female? What percentage of Portugal's population is male? What is a single religion? What were the Moors and Jews known as? Where do the Portuguese have their origin? When did Paleolithic peoples begin arriving to the European continent? What type of people did the Portuguese have their origin in? What has been a cornerstone of Portugal's national identity? What is the geographic position of Portugal at the south-western corner of Europe? What were Portugal's overseas territories in 1975? What type of ancestry do Brazilians have? How many inhabitants of Portugal were legal immigrants in 2007? What percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? What are some of the small communities in Portugal? What percentage of the Portuguese population declared themselves to be non-religious? What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give any answer about their religion? What type of origin do many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have? In what centuries did the church enjoy both riches and power? What did the growth of liberal and nascent republican movements lead to? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the Battle of Ourique? What did Afonso promise to do before the Battle of Ourique? How did Afonso and his descendants act? What is the official language of Portugal? What type of language is Portuguese? Where did Portuguese originate? What is the official language of Portugal? What language is the Portuguese language derived from? The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by whom? When did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire? How many continents is Portuguese now spoken as a native language? What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers? What is the total adult literacy rate in Portugal? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to? What percentage of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of Portugal's higher education institutions? What percentage of Portuguese students attend one of the country's higher education institutions? When did Portuguese universities exist? Where was the oldest Portuguese university first established? Where did the oldest Portuguese university move to? What is the name of the oldest engineering school in the Americas? What is the name of the oldest medical college in Asia? When was the Bologna process adopted? What are most student costs supported with? How old are mature applicants? What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? What are the five regional health administrations in charge of? What do most Portuguese die from? What are the two main components of CVD? What ischaemic heart disease? What percentage of Portuguese people die from cancer than in the Eur-A? Where is cancer more frequent in Portugal? What does the survey results based on complement other data on health status and the use of services? What percentage of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal? When did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? What are some of Portugal's public cultural facilities? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are in Portugal? What is the Manueline also known as? What is the Manueline? What is Soft Portuguese style? What are some of the world's renowned architects? What is Tomás Taveira particularly notable for? When did Portuguese cinema reach back to the birth of the medium? Which Portuguese film directors gained notability? What are the Portuguese film actors that gained notability? When did Portuguese cinema reach back to the birth of the medium? Which Portuguese film directors gained notability? What are the Portuguese film actors that gained notability? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? What epic poem did Lus de Cames write? Who was the main influence of the poem "Os Lusiadas"? What is modern Portuguese poetry rooted in? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? What is the name of dry cod in Portuguese? What are the two popular fish recipes in Portugal? What is caldeirada? What are the typical Portuguese meat recipes made out of? What is the most popular northern dish in Portugal? What are some of the typical fast food dishes in Portugal? Where does the Portuguese art of pastry have its origins? What are some of the ingredients used in the monasteries? What are some examples of Portuguese pastries? How long have Portuguese wines enjoyed international recognition? What god did the Romans associate Portugal with? What are some of the best Portuguese wines? What are some of the best Portuguese wines? What is the name of the summer music festival in Portugal? What are some of Portugal's most popular summer music festivals? What is one of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? What are some of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? In what year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards? What are the names of the pianists in the classical music domain? Who are the violinists in the classical music domain? Who are some notable composers in the classical music domain? Which contemporary composers have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television? When did Modernism begin? Who influenced Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso? What is one of the best-known works of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso? What are some of the most prominent painters in visual arts today? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014? What is the name of the FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lus Figo? Who are the most renowned Portuguese football managers? What are the largest sports clubs by popularity and number of trophies won? What are the trophies won by SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP often known as? How many titles have SL Benfica won in the European UEFA club competitions? What are some of the biggest sports clubs in Portugal? What is the name of the Portuguese Football Federation? When was Kanye Omari West born? What type of recording artist is Kanye Omari West? Who is Kanye West? When was Kanye Omari West born? What label did West become a producer for in the early 2000s? What artists did West produce hit singles for? How many albums did West release in 2004? Who did West produce hit singles for? Where was West's seventh album released? What was West's career for Roc-A-Fella Records? When did West release his debut album The College Dropout? How many albums did West release in 2004? How many albums did West sell worldwide? How many digital downloads did West sell worldwide? How many awards has West won? How many albums did West sell worldwide? What list did West rank on in 2012? How many albums did West sell worldwide? How many Grammy Awards has West won? How many albums did West sell worldwide? When was West named one of the most influential people in the world? What language was West's mother a professor of? Where was Kanye Omari West born? What restaurant did Ray West open in 2006? Where was Kanye Omari West a Chair of? What school did Kanye Omari West attend? Where did West move with his mother? What was West's mother's position in Nanjing? What did West say about his grades in high school? At what age did West move with his mother to Nanjing? Where was West's mother teaching in Nanjing? What did West write when he was five years old? What was the name of West's rap song? Who was West's mentor? What did West do when he was five? What was the name of West's rap song? What was the name of West's producer? What school did West attend in 1997? How many years did West drop out of college to pursue his musical dreams? What school did West attend in 1997? What language did West study at Chicago State University? How many years did West drop out of college to pursue his musical dreams? What was the name of Kanye's album? Who did Kanye West make beats for in the mid-1990s? What type of music did Kanye West speed up vocal samples from? 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How many digital songs has West sold in the United States? How many Grammy Awards has West won as of 2013? Who ranked Kanye West as the MTV Man of the Year? How many times has West been included in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world? How many Grammy Awards has West won as of 2013? What was Kanye West's ranking on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list? When was Kanye West crowned as the "Hottest MC in the Game"? What was Kanye West voted as on December 17, 2010? Who ranked Kanye West as the MTV Man of the Year? What was the number of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy? What was the number of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy? What was the world's best album of the decade? Where was Yeezus ranked on a list of 100 albums? Who ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Who ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? What song was ranked in the third position in the Pitchfork online music publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010? Who did West say did not care about black people? What singer did West discontinue at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? Along with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C., what did West work on? What is the name of West's creative content company? When did the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas begin? What type of religion is Buddhism? What is the Buddhist philosophy largely based on? What is the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? What do Buddhists believe is accomplished? What did the Buddha do to help sentient beings end their suffering? What type of religion is Buddhism? Who is the Buddha attributed to? When did Gautama Buddha live? What is the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Who is the Buddha attributed to? Where did the Buddha live? When did Gautama Buddha live? Who is the Buddha attributed to? When did the Buddha live in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? In what subcontinent did the Buddha live? What is the name of the Buddha? What two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Where does Theravada have a widespread following? Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia? How many Buddhists live in the Himalayas? What is the name of the Great Vehicle? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Theravada is a body of teachings attributed to what? What does Theravada mean? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is the ultimate goal of the sublime state of Nirvana? What is the bodhisattva path? Tibetan Buddhism aspires to what? How is the sublime state of Nirvana achieved? What Buddhist religion aspires to Buddhahood? What type of Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood? What is the Noble Eightfold Path also known as? What path aspires to Buddhahood? What does the Noble Eightfold Path escape? What are the three jewels of Buddhist tradition? What are the foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice? What is the name of the practice that Buddhist schools use to distinguish a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist? What is one of the practices that Buddhist schools use to distinguish a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist? What type of deity does Buddhism deny? What does the Ten Meritorious Deeds give charity to reduce? In what tradition are buddhas and bodhisattvas invocation? What is ascribed to Buddhaghoa in the 5th century CE? What biographies were ascribed to Buddhaghoa in the 5th century CE? What are scholars hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life? When was the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? What is the name of the biographies ascribed to Buddhaghoa in the 5th century CE? Who is ascribed to the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? Who is ascribed to the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What kind of order did the Buddha founded? When was the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? Who wrote the biography of the Buddha? What is the outline of the life that must be true? Who wrote the biography of the Buddha? Who did Karen Armstrong believe did exist? Who preserved the memory of Siddhatta Gotama? Who wrote the biography of the Buddha? Who did Karen Armstrong write a biography of? Who did Karen Armstrong believe did exist? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What was Siddhrtha Gautama's father's father? What evidence suggests that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was Siddhrtha Gautama's father's name? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was Siddhrtha Gautama's father? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the young prince's father? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? How did Asita say Siddhartha would become a holy man? Who was Asita? Who did Asita visit after the birth of prince Gautama? What did Asita believe Siddhartha would become? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the young prince's father? Who did Asita visit after the birth of prince Gautama? What did Asita believe Siddhartha would become? How did uddhodana see his son become a king? What was Gautama's age? What did Gautama learn from his father's encounters? What did Gautama learn about the suffering of ordinary people? What did uddhodana want his son to become? What was Gautama's age? What was Gautama's spiritual quest known as in Buddhist literature? What did Gautama do to take up a spiritual quest? What did uddhodana want his son to become? What was Gautama's age? How many sights did Gautama encounter? What did Gautama encounter at the age of 29? What did Gautama do when he first mastered the meditative attainments he taught? What do Buddhists call anapanasati meditation? What did Gautama undergo? What did Gautama dedicate himself to? What was Gautama's extreme pursuit? What did Gautama accept from a village girl? What do Buddhists call the anapanasati meditation? What did Gautama find about meditative attainments? What did Gautama accept from a village girl? What type of meditation did Gautama devote himself to? What do Buddhists call anapanasati meditation? At what age was Gautama determined to complete his spiritual quest? What tree was the Bodhi Tree? What did Gautama do as the Buddha? At what age did Gautama die? What is the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What tree was the Bodhi Tree? What was the Ficus religiosa tree now called? At what age did Gautama die? What was the Ficus religiosa tree now called? What tree was the Bodhi Tree? Where was the Bodhi Tree located? What is the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What is samsara defined as in Buddhism? What is avidya? What is the term for dukkha? What does samsara mean? What is the term for samsara? How many realms of existence does samsara refer to? What is avidya? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is samsara defined as in Buddhism? How many realms of existence does samsara refer to? What type of state can samsara be understood as? What does samsara come from? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is the Sanskrit term for Karma? What is Karma? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to? What is the Sanskrit term for Karma? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to the actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What is a phala "fruit" or phala "fruit"? What is Karma? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What is phala "fruit" or vipka? In what religion can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? Which Mahayana sutras claim that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What is another name for the Mahayana sutras? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? In what religion can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What type of Buddhism is the Lotus Sutra? What type of karma do some Mahayana sutras claim to expunge? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What is the term for a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What is the term for karma? What is the process of beings running from conception to death? What is the term for cause and effect? What is the term for a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine do Buddhists refer to themselves as the believers of? What does the term "dependent arising" mean? The doctrine of anatt rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, what? Who can attained rebirths in some of the higher heavens? Who can attained rebirths in the rpyadhtu? How many planes of existence are there? What are the uddhvsa Worlds? What are non-returners? What is the rpyadhtu? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? What are non-returners? What is the highest object of meditation? What is the rpyadhtu? What groups of Buddhism believe that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? Who rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the name of the passage that lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the term for the intermediate state between one life and the next? Who rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What passage of the Pali Canon seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What group of Buddhists believe that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What groups of Buddhism believe that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? Theravada position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the name of the Canon that seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What are the teachings of Buddhism regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What does the Four Noble Truths explain? What are the teachings of Buddhism regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What does dukkha mean? What are the teachings of Buddhism regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What is the nature of the four Noble Truths? What does the first truth explain? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", and "unease"? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is dukkha commonly translated as? How many aspects does dukkha have? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", and "unease"? How many aspects does dukkha have? What is the second truth of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha commonly explained as? What is the third noble truth about dukkha? What is the fourth noble truth? What is the second truth about the origin of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha commonly explained as in the context of the four noble truths? The origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving conditioned by what? What is the second truth about dukkha? The origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving conditioned by what? What is the root cause of dukkha identified as ignorance? What is the second truth that can be known about the origin of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path do when developed together? What are the eight factors that lead to the cessation of dukkha? What is the Noble Eightfold Path? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the Noble Eightfold Path? How many interconnected factors are in the Noble Eightfold Path? The Noble Eightfold Path is a set of eight interconnected factors that lead to the cessation of what? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What are the eight factors of the path understood as? What are the eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What did Gautama combine to create a new kind of human? What is the name of the new kind of human that Gautama invented? What are the "Four Immeasurable Minds" also known as? What is perhaps the best known form of meditation? What does the Four Immeasurables cultivate? What was Gautama's teacher's yoga practice? What did Gautama create a new kind of human without? What does Thich Nhat Hanh call the "Four Immeasurable Minds"? Who calls the Four Immeasurables the "four limitless ones"? What is perhaps the best known form of loving-kindness? When was the Middle Way discovered? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? When was the Middle Way discovered? What have Buddhist scholars produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study? Who has produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts? What type of study do some schools of Buddhism discourage? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What are the three marks of existence characterized by? What is the term for liberation? What is the term for liberation? What does one develop dispassion for in awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena of clinging? How many marks of existence did the Buddha recommend viewing? What does Impermanence mean? What does the doctrine of impermanence say life embodies this flux? Why does the doctrine of impermanence assert that everything is futile and leads to suffering? What is impermanence? What are things constantly coming into being? What is the cycle of rebirth called? What does the doctrine of impermanence say attachment to things is futile and leads to? What is a central concept of Suffering in English? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What does Buddhism seek to be? In what religion is Suffering a central concept? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is a central concept of Suffering? What is the third mark of existence? The Nikayas anatta is meant as an approach for gaining release from what? What did the Buddha reject when asked if the self was identical with the body? What does the practitioner come to the conclusion of analyzing the constantly changing physical and mental constituents of a person or object? What is the third mark of existence? What is anatta meant as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What are the physical and mental constituents of a person or object? What is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics? What is the term for prattyasamutpda? The doctrine of prattyasamutpda is an important part of what metaphysics? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What does Twelve Nidnas explain? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What does prattyasamutpda mean? What describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? How do Sentient beings free themselves from the suffering in sasra? What is the name of the first Nidna? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? Who always suffer throughout sasra until they free themselves from the suffering by attaining Nirvana? What does Nirvana mean? What did Sentient beings do to free themselves from the suffering? What is the name of the first Nidna? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What is Nagarjuna's term for sentient beings that are empty of? What does Nagarjuna call dharmas? What were reformulated by Vasubandhu and Asanga? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What is the doctrine of Yogacara called? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What does tathgatagarbha mean? What do Mahayana schools often place emphasis on? What is the name of the school in Tibetan Buddhism? What is the name of the school that refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience? What is the term for Buddha-nature? What is the term for nirvana? What is arahant? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was bodhi synonymous with in early Buddhism? What does Bodhi mean? What does bodhi mean? What does moha mean? What achieves full liberation from delusion? What does the bodhisattva become in Theravada Buddhism? What has the arahant attained according to Mahayana Buddhism? What term is also encountered in Buddhism? Who purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance? What is a Buddha no longer bound by? What has a Buddha ended? How many Buddhas did the Pali Canon refer to? What is a common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief? The Mahayana tradition has many Buddhas of what? What does Theravada believe a person can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance"? What are the people of Theravada called? What is another name for nirvana? What is the extinction of hatred and greed with some residue of delusion called? What is the name of the Buddha in the Mahayana? What is the name of the Buddha in the Mahayana? Where is the Buddha viewed as a human? The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on other planes of what? Who is allowed to offer "new truths" based on his input? What concept does Mahayana differ from Theravada? What is Mahayana's belief in? What is a major form of Buddhism? What is a major form of Buddhism? Pure Land is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of what Buddha? What Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? What Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? What commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? What Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What does Bodhisattva mean? What is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood? What is the name of the text that contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What is the name of the text that contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What is the name of the text that contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? Who encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? What does Mahayana Buddhism encourage everyone to become bodhisattvas? What are the perfections of Mahayana Buddhism? Who cites Shantideva as his favourite verse? What is devotion an important part of the practice of? What are some devotional practices in Pure Land Buddhism? What type of absorption does Buddhism traditionally incorporate? The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who? What type of texts did the Buddha use to teach meditative absorption? What type of cognition must be combined with meditative absorption? What was meditation an aspect of in the centuries preceding the Buddha? What are to be developed at all times in Buddhism? What was indicated as a result of practice within and outside of the Buddhist fold? What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of Buddha's day? What did the Samaaphala Sutta believe ethics were causally related to? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? What is the name of the texts written after the rise of Buddhism that contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation? What does Wynne believe formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition? What type of tradition did Wynne argue the Upanishads reflect? What does Wynne believe contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? What is the first step in Buddhist schools? Where is the practice of taking refuge on behalf of unborn children mentioned? What type of Buddhism sometimes adds a fourth refuge in the lama? What do the Three Jewels have? What are the Three Jewels perceived as having an irreversible effect? Who presented himself as a model according to the scriptures? The Sangha provides a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana? What is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What is the term for "virtuous behavior"? What is the second practice that refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed? What is meritorious according to the Law of Karma? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? What is meritorious according to the Law of Karma? What does la refer to? What are the five levels of sla? What do the eight precepts add? What do laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice? What do Buddhists believe do to refine consciousness to a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely? In what heavens does dana and ethical conduct refine consciousness? What is the third precept on sexual misconduct made more strict in the eight precepts? What does the third precept on sexual misconduct become? How many precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods? The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What is the name of the pitaka? How many rules does the Patimokkha have for monks in the Theravadin recension? What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns in the Theravadin recension? What does the Buddha remind his hearers of the spirit? What is the purpose of the monastic rules? What are the monastic rules designed to provide a perfect springboard for? What are monastics instructed by the Buddha to live as? What Sutra does Eastern Buddhism have a distinctive Vinaya? What is frowned upon in Bodhisattvas? In what country is vegetarianism actively encouraged? What is Chán? What are the eight types of meditations taught by the Buddha? What is samyaksamdhi? What is the primary means of cultivating samdhi? What are the primary means of cultivating samdhi? What is another name for Sanskrit dhyna? What is the term for insight? What doesvipassan mean? What does Samatha meditation start from being mindful of? What is the name of Samatha meditation? What does samatha meditation calm? What can vipassan meditation reveal? What is the term for insight knowledge? What is the name of Pli pa? What is praj Pli pa? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as in Theravda Buddhism? What does craving carry with it? What do defilements of the mind create? What is the name of the four Noble Truths, Enlightenment? How many Noble Truths is Praj based on? Praj is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what? What means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination? What is praj attained at a conceptual level by listening to? At what point of practice could one attain Nirvana? What is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level? What is the name of Zen Buddhism? What is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan? What is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan? What type of breakthroughs does Zen Buddhism prefer to focus on? How many schools is Zen Buddhism divided into? What is the name of the two main schools in Zen Buddhism? What Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox? What is the formless Self equated with the Buddha? What must not be allowed to confine and bind one? What is Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism based on? What does Vajrayana mean? What is another name for esoteric Buddhism? What type of practice does Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism include? When did the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India? Where did samsara, karma and moksha originate? What were the members of the Vedic Brahmanism known as? The shramanas were a continuation of what strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism? Where did Buddhism arose? What is the south east of Greater Magadha? When did the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha become significant? Where was the Vedic tradition influenced? What was the name of the atomist that influenced the Vedic tradition? Who emphasized the rule of fate? Who emphasized that the soul must be freed from matter? What was a particular criticism of the Buddha? What was the Vedic word for the Vedic? What did Brahmins introduce to the Veda of the rishis? What did the Buddha refuse to pay respect to? What is one method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism? What is a core problem in the study of early Buddhism? What is a later addition to Majjhima Nikaya 36? What was the name of the text that Schmithausen added to early Buddhism? What theory did Schmithausen believe karma played a role in? Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of what in the Sutta Pitaka? What did Bronkhorst agree was a Buddhist invention? What type of practices did Norman believe the Buddha's way to release was by means of? What was the name of the jhana the Buddha gained bodhi? What is the mentioning of the four truths as constituting? What type of path of practice do the four truths depict? What is the common term for "Nibbna"? What is the common term for "Nibbna"? What is the common term for "Nibbna"? What did Vetter say the description of the Buddhist path may have been as simple as? How manyfold did Vetter describe the Buddhist path? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths became a substitution for? What does prajna mean? Who did Gotama's teachings serve as a description of "liberating insight"? How many marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences? How many periods is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into? What is the term for Pre-sectarian Buddhism? What is the name of Nikaya Buddhism? What is another term for Vajrayana Buddhism? What is another name for Esoteric Buddhism? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? The Four Noble Truths and nirvana are examples of what path? What type of council was held after Gautama Buddha's parinirva? What was the name of the first Buddhist council? What is the name of the discourses of the Buddha? What was the name of the first Buddhist council? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Mahasanghika tradition place it? Whose vinaya is contradicted by the Dipavamsa of the Theravda? The Dipavamsa of the Theravda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed what? What did the Mahsghikas argue the Sthaviras were trying to expand? What was the name of the school that caused schisms? Where did the monks of thought live? What type of disagreements caused schisms? What was the name of the detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas? What do Abhidharma texts contain? When do scholars date Abhidharma texts? What school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka? What stras are among the earliest Mahyna stras? In what region of South India did the Prajpramit stras develop? What genre did the earliest Mahyna stras include? When were the texts about Akobhya Buddha written down? In what country did the Prajpramit develop? In what century can the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Ka Valley be traced to? Where did early Mahayana scriptures originate? What religion did Mahyna refer to as a separate school? What was the name of the ordination lineage that the Mahyna never attempted to have? What did both Mahyna and non-Mahyna monks live in? What type of translations of Mahyna texts come from? Who was the first translator of Mahyna stras into Chinese? What series of texts did Lokakema have the first versions of? In what century was Akobhya Buddha composed? What are the four major types of thought developed during the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism? What is the last and most recent type of thought in Mahayana? What is the last of the four major types of thought developed in Late Mahayana Buddhism? Who was a public supporter of Theravda Buddhism? What did Ashoka's descendants build to spread Buddhism? What are stpas? Where were emissaries sent to to spread Buddhism? Who were the emissaries accompanied by? Why were emissaries sent to various countries west of India? What were the main influences of Buddhism in the Indo-Greek Kingdom? What Greek king has been immortalized in the Buddhist canon? When did the Theravada school spread south from India? When did the Theravada school spread south from India? When were the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When did Mahayana Sutras spread to China? Where did Mahayana Sutras spread to in the 2nd century CE? In what century did Esoteric Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia? China and India are starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries? What is the Dharma? What is the Sangha? What type of Buddhism is in the West? What leads to new forms of Buddhism that depart from traditional beliefs and practices? When did a number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerge? What is another term for the Dalit Buddhist movement? What is the name of the modern movement in the 20th century? What is Soka Gakkai? What is the name of the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is the name of Soka Gakkai International? What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 million? What country has the largest population of Buddhists? How many Buddhists live in China? How many adherents are in Mahayana? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many adherents have Buddhism grown from 1910 to 2010? How many Buddhists were in Asia in 2010? How many Buddhists are in Asia? What does Hinayana mean? What term is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What does not all traditions of Buddhism treat as central? What is the name of the organization that has several concepts common to both major Buddhist branches? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? Where does Theravda come from? Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? Where does Theravda grow? What group of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What do theravadin Buddhists believe that laypersons can produce? What is the most important university in north-eastern India? What do Mahayana schools recognize all or part of? What was the name of the Mahayana Sutras for Mahayanists? What two sutras were used to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood? What is another term for Native Mahayana Buddhism? What is Vajrayana? What is the most widely practiced Eastern Buddhism? What did the royal courts sponsor in Vajrayana literature? Who applied mantras in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras? What is a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition? What type of scriptures are written in Pli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese? What do some schools venerate certain texts as religious in themselves? What type of text does Buddhism have? The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of what? The Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka are the common what of all Buddhist traditions? What has been seen as a barrier to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy? Who was championed as a unifying scripture in Sri Lanka? What is one of the major principles of Buddhism? In what tradition were condensed'study texts' created? What did Dwight Goddard focus on in his 'Buddhist Bible'? What did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempt to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? What are the three baskets in the Pli Tipitaka? What does the Pli Tipitaka refer to? What is the name of the Vinaya Pitaka? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and what other name? What is the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? What was the name of the monk that presided over the first Buddhist council? What was the goal of the council? Who recited the vinaya? What was the name of the Buddha's personal attendant? What did nanda recite the vinaya? What is the name of the material that the Canon preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings? Who added texts to the Canon for some time but did not appear to have tampered with what they had from an earlier period? What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds? What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds? What is the name of the early teachings of the Buddha? What sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines? What is the name of the bodhisattva path? The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow what path? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit? What religion recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin? When did the Mahayana sutras begin to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India? What pejorative label was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras? What school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? Where was the modern Theravada school descended from? Theravada was historically included in what designation? What term was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What was the more politically correct term used by Mahynists? What is the name of the religion that provides opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects? Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way provides a unique guideline for what? What are the parallels of Buddhism with other systems of thought? What tenets have been subjects of close study? The Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what type of thought? What religion is considered a religion? What religion is considered a religion? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing on Fox? What British series was American Idol based on? On what channel did American Idol begin airing? Who produced American Idol? What British series was American Idol based on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing on Fox? What British series was American Idol based on? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who hosted the American Idol show? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? Who originally hosted American Idol? Who hosted the American Idol show? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? What is the name of the pop idol that American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history"? Who said American Idol was "the most impactful show in the history of television"? What is the name of the pop idol that American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history"? What is the name of the pop idol that American Idol has spawned in its first ten years? What is the name of the pop idol that American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history"? What is the name of the pop idol that American Idol has spawned in its first ten years? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? Who said American Idol was "the most impactful show in the history of television"? In what year did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? In what year did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? How many viewers did American Idol have on May 11, 11? How many consecutive years was American Idol ranked number one in U.S. television ratings? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? What was the name of the new Zealand television singing competition? Who created the British show Pop Idol? In what year did American Idol debut? Who was one of the judges of American Idol? Who created American Idol? What was the name of the new Zealand television singing competition? Who created American Idol? What did Popstars use to select singers in auditions? In what year did American Idol debut? Who was Nigel Fuller's television producer? How many seasons did American Idol: The Search for a Superstar hold on? When did American Idol: The Search for a Superstar debut? In what year did Fuller, Cowell, and Simon Jones try to sell Pop Idol to the United States? Who persuaded Murdoch to buy the show? Who was the head of Fox's parent company? What was the name of the British show? How many judges did the show continue with in the first season? How many judges did the Pop Idol format have? Who was hired as a fourth judge in the second season? What was the name of the fourth judge in the Pop Idol format? How many judges did the Pop Idol format have? What was the name of the fourth judge in the show? Who was hired as a fourth judge in the second season? When did the show continue with the three judges format? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? Who replaced Paula Abdul? How many seasons did Kara DioGuardi stay for? When did Paula Abdul leave the show? What was Simon Cowell's show introducing to the USA for 2011? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? When did Paula Abdul leave the show? When did Paula Abdul leave the show? Who replaced Paula Abdul? When did Kara DioGuardi leave the show? In what season were guest judges used? Who was the runner-up in season fourteen? In what season did Donna Summer join as judges? What season did Olivia Newton-John play? In what season were guest judges used? Who were guest judges used in season two? What season did Shania Twain play? In what season did Donna Summer join as judges? Who co-hosted the first season of the show? Who was the sole emcee of the show? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? What were the permanent mentors brought in during the live shows to guide contestants? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? How old is the eligible age-range for contestants? In what season was the upper limit raised to twenty-eight? What is the current age limit for contestants? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? Who is the only audition stage shown on television? How many auditions do contestants make it past the preliminary round of auditions? What is the only audition stage shown on television? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? What is one of the show's selectors? Where are the judges sent to? In what season were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? In what seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood? In what season did the contestants move directly to the final Hollywood round? How many rounds of eliminations are there in Hollywood? Where do the contestants perform in a series of rounds? In what seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? Where was a further round added in seasons ten and eleven? What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve? How many seasons did the Las Vegas round become a Sudden Death round? How many text messages were sent to American Idol by season eight? How many votes were cast in the first season? Who verified the votes of the contestants in season ten? When is the fate of the contestants decided by public vote? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many votes were cast in season ten? How many groups were there in season one? What round did the semi-finalists feature in the first three seasons? How many groups were there in season one? How many groups were there in seasons two and three? In what season were the semi-finalists split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night? How many groups were there in season one? How many finalists did the judges make in the first three seasons? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How were the twenty-four semi-finalists divided? How many of the top twelve semi-finalists were eliminated each week? How many of the top twelve semi-finalists were eliminated each week? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender to ensure an equal gender division in the top? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13? How many groups of twelve were in season eight? How many wildcards were chosen in seasons ten and eleven? How many semifinalists were there in season twelve? When did the wildcard round return? How many groups of twelve were in season eight? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13? How many gender groups did the top twenty semifinalists form in season twelve? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for season ten? How many seasons did the finals last for thirteen weeks? How many weeks did the finals last? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for season ten? How many weeks did the finals last? How many songs does Jimmy Iovine sing each week? How many seasons did Idol Gives Back start? How long can the "Judges' Save" be used? What is one of the most popular contestants sent to? When was the first Idol Gives Back episode? How many seasons was the "Fan Save" introduced? What account is used to decide which contestant will move on to the next show? What was the name of the show that was introduced in the fourteenth season? What account is used to decide which contestant will move on to the next show? The "Fan Save" was introduced in the fourteenth season? Where was the Gibson Amphitheatre located? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the last episode of the season that culminates in revealing the winner? Where was the final episode of the season broadcast? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the audience capacity of the Gibson Amphitheatre? What is the name of the venue that hosts the Gibson Amphitheatre? What company has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? How long did BMG/Sony have the right of first refusal to sign contestants? What does the winner receive with a major label? What company has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? What does a successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What does a successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What is the outcome of the votes that are revealed in the results show? How many seasons can contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? How many seasons did Ray Chew lead the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? How many seasons can contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? On what network did the first season of American Idol debut? When did the first season of American Idol debuted? Who co-hosted American Idol? When did the first season of American Idol debuted? On what network did the first season of American Idol debut? Who co-hosted the first season of American Idol? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? Where was Christina Christian eliminated? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected for the semifinals? Who was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? Where was Tamyra Gray eliminated? Who was hospitalized before the top six result show? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites in the final showdown? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites in the final showdown? Who won the final showdown? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? What was the name of the song Clarkson released after the season ended? What was the name of the musical film Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Clarkson and Guarini have? What was the name of the song Clarkson released after the season ended? What did Clarkson perform during the finale? What was the name of the song Clarkson released after the season ended? Who held the 38-year-old record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the musical film Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Clarkson and Guarini have? In what year was the second season moved up to air? Who was the lone host of Seacrest? When was the second season moved up to air? Who was the lone host of Seacrest? Who was Corey Clark disqualified for having an affair on the show? Who was disqualified for having previously modelled for an adult website? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? Which semi-finalists were disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? Who was disqualified for having previously modelled for an adult website? Which semi-finalists were disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who was the winner of the game? How many votes did Ruben Studdard win? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? How many votes did Ruben Studdard finish ahead of Clay Aiken? Who said that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week to the finale? Who was the winner of the game? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? How many votes did Ruben Studdard finish ahead of Clay Aiken? How many votes did Ruben Studdard win? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? What coronation song did Aiken out-perform? Who was the fourth-place finisher of the country singers? What was Aiken's single release from the show "Flying Without Wings"? What coronation song did Aiken out-perform? What was Aiken's single release from the show "Flying Without Wings"? Who out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings"? Who was the fourth-place finisher of the country singers? When did Season three premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? When did Season three premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? What was Jennifer Hudson's name? Who dubbed the Three Divas? Who called the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? Who did Elton John call the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? What was Jennifer Hudson's name? Who dubbed the Three Divas? Who called the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? Who did Elton John call the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? Who was the last two finalists for "Summertime"? What was Fantasia's coronation single? What was the name of the song released by DeGarmo? What was Barrino's performance of "Fantasia" at Top 8? Who considered "Summertime" as his favorite Idol moment? Who were the last two finalists for "Summertime"? What was Barrino's "Summertime" later known as? What was Fantasia's coronation single? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? What company sued Vazquez for wrongful termination? Who was the top 12 finalists of Freemantle Media? During what week was voting repeated on what was normally the result night? When was the result postponed? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? How many records has Underwood sold worldwide? What coronation song was released by Bice and Underwood? Who was the runner-up in May of 2005? When was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? Who was the runner-up in May of 2005? What coronation song was released by Bice and Underwood? How many albums did Underwood sell in the U.S.? What was the highest-rated season in the show's run so far? Who was one of the more prominent contestants in the Hollywood round? What was the highest-rated season in the show's run so far? When did Season five begin? Who was one of the more prominent contestants in the Hollywood round? Who's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage" led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer? Who's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage" led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer? Who's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage" led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer? Who's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage" led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer? What was the name of Fuel's new singer? Who's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage" led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer? What was the name of Fuel's version of Live? Why was Daughtry's performance of "I Walk the Line" criticized? Who was named American Idol on May 30, 2006? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? When was Taylor Hicks named American Idol? Who was named American Idol on May 30, 2006? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? Who was the most successful recording artist from this season? What was the name of the band Daughtry? Who was the most successful recording artist from this season? What was the name of the band Daughtry? In what year did Season six begin? How many viewers attended the premiere of Season 6? On what date did Season six begin? How many viewers attended the premiere of Season 6? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who was Sanjaya Malakar's satellite radio personality? What was the name of the weblog that encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? When was Sanjaya voted off? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? What did Sanjaya Malakar have? What was the name of the weblog that encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? Who was Sanjaya Malakar's satellite radio personality? When was Sanjaya voted off? What was the name of the first telethon-inspired event that raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations? How much did the first Idol Gives Back event raise? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back event? What was the name of the first telethon-inspired event that raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations? Which two contestants were eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back event? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back event? Who was declared the winner of the May 23 season finale? Who was Jordin Sparks' runner-up? When was Blake Lewis declared the winner? When was Blake Lewis declared the winner? Who was declared the winner of the May 23 season finale? Who was Jordin Sparks' runner-up? In what year did Season four premiere? How many auditions did the number of people attending the auditions increase to from the 10,000 of the first season? What was the age limit for Season four? What season was the first to be aired in high definition? What season was the first to be aired in high definition? When did Season four premiere? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in? How many auditions did the number of people attending the auditions increase to from the 10,000 of the first season? What was the age limit for Season four? In what year was "This Is My Now" released? What was the winning song for the American Idol Songwriter contest? What type of vote did the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? What contest allows fans to vote for the "coronation song"? What does the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? How many entries did the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for the "coronation song"? What was the winning song for the American Idol Songwriter contest? When was "This Is My Now" released? In what year did Season seven premiere? Who was the 'ringers'? Who was the 'ringers'? When did Season seven premiere? Who was the 'ringers'? What did the media focus on? Who was the 'ringers'? What was the name of David Cook's performance on top-ten night? Who's performance of "Billie Jean" was lauded by the judges? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? When did American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage? When did American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? Who's performance of "Billie Jean" was lauded by the judges? Who performed John Lennon's "Imagine"? In what season was Jennifer Lopez brought in as a judge? What was Jason Castro's semi-final performance of? Who's version of "Hallelujah" was propelled to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released on? What was David Archuleta's performance of? Who was brought in as a judge in season ten? Who performed "Hallelujah"? Who's version of "Hallelujah" was propelled to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released on? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? When was David Cook announced as the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? What was the winning song for the American Idol Songwriter contest? What was the name of the contest that was held this season? When was the winning song "The Time of My Life" released? What was the winning song for the American Idol Songwriter contest? When was "The Time of My Life" released? In what year did Season 8 premiere? Who was the widowhood of the show? Who was Mike Darnell? On what date did Season 8 premiere? When did Season eight premiere? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the widowhood of the show? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? How long was the Hollywood round extended to? What was the name of Nigel Lythgoe's show? Where was the Hollywood round moved to for 2009? Why was Idol Gives Back canceled? How many judges were introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? What was the name of Nigel Lythgoe's show? Where was the Hollywood round moved to for 2009? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? How many finalists were there in the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who were eliminated in the finals? How many finalists were there in the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? Who were the two finalists in the contest? What was the name of the two finalists in the contest? What state was the most controversial voting result since season two? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? What was the name of the two finalists in the contest? In what season did Allen win the most controversial voting result? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? Who unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas? What coronation song did Allen and Lambert release? Who wrote the coronation song "No Boundaries"? What coronation song did Allen and Lambert release? Who wrote the coronation song "No Boundaries"? What was the first season in which the winner failed to achieve? How many platinum albums did Lambert and Allen achieve in the US? In what year did Season nine premiere? Who replaced Paula Abdul? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? When did Season nine premiere? Who did Ellen DeGeneres replace at the start of Hollywood Week? Who replaced Paula Abdul? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who was the producer of the show that wanted to disqualify Crystal Bowersox? Why did Crystal Bowersox fall ill? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? How long did Crystal Bowersox fall ill? What was rearranged so the boys performed first? Who was the producer of the show that wanted to disqualify Crystal Bowersox? What was Ken Warwick's job? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Where was Michael Lynche the lowest vote getter? Who was the first Idol alum to be a mentor? How much did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was the first Idol alum to be a mentor? Who was presented a special tribute to in the finale for his final season with the show? What was presented in the finale for the show's final season? Who was presented a special tribute to in the finale for his final season with the show? Who made a special tribute to Simon Cowell? Who was the final winner of the May 26 finale? What was the title of U2's cover song? When was Lee DeWyze declared the winner? Who was the final winner of the May 26 finale? What was the title of U2's cover song? What was the name of Patty Griffin's cover song? In what year did Season ten of The X Factor premiere? How many seasons of The X Factor premiered on January 19, 2011? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What U.S. version of The X Factor did Simon Cowell launch? Who returned as executive producer of The X Factor? When did Season ten of The X Factor premiere? Who returned as executive producer of The X Factor? Who joined Randy Jackson as judges? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What is the first season to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? What is the name of the online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition? What is the name of the online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition? What type of auditions did Season ten include? What is the name of the online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition? Who was one of the prominent contestants in the Top 40 round? In what round was Medina cut? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who was one of the prominent contestants in the Top 40 round? In what round was Medina cut? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? What did Casey Abrams miss? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who criticized Toscano's elimination on April 7, 2011? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who criticized Toscano's elimination on April 7, 2011? What type of singers did Scotty McCreery and Lauren Alaina win in 2011? Who was the finalists in 2011? What was the name of McCreery's first single? What was the name of McCreery's debut album? What was the name of Ruben Studdard's debut album? On what date did Scotty McCreery win the competition? Who was the finalists in 2011? Who released Clear as Day? When did Season 11 premiere? How many Finalists did Jermaine Jones make it to the Top 24? Who was the finalist to join the Top 24? When did Season 11 premiere? Who was the finalist to join the Top 24? On what date was Jermaine Jones disqualified for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? What was Jermaine Jones disqualified for? What finalist suffered from kidney pain? What caused the blockage of Phillips' kidney? How many surgeries did Phillips have during his Idol run? What finalist suffered from kidney pain? What finalist suffered from kidney pain? What was Phillips suffering from? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? What was Jessica Sanchez's final season? What week did Jessica Sanchez receive the fewest number of votes? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? Who did Ace Young propose marriage to on stage? How many finalists did Ace Young propose marriage to Diana DeGarmo? How many runner-ups did Ace Young propose marriage to? Who was the winner of the season five finalist Ace Young? In what season did Ace Young propose marriage to Diana DeGarmo? What season did Ace Young propose marriage to? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? What is the name of Sanchez's coronation song? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? What is the name of Sanchez's coronation song? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? When did Season 12 premiere? Who did Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler leave the show after two seasons? Who leaked a video of the dispute between Minaj and Carey? When did Season 12 premiere? How many judges were on the panel since season nine? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were given an extra week to perform again with no elimination in the first week? Who was the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks? Who was the first female to win American Idol? What was the name of the single that Glover released? What was the name of the single that Glover released after the show? Who was the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks? Who was the first female to win American Idol? What was the name of the single that Glover released? What was the name of the single that Glover released after the show? Why was Candice Glover runner-up? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? How many seasons did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave to focus on their music careers? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? Who did Randy Jackson leave after one season to focus on their music careers? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who was the host of the thirteenth season? What role did Randy Jackson and Keith Urban move from the judging panel to? Who did Louis J. Horvitz replace as a director of the audition episodes? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who was the host of the thirteenth season? What former judge joined Urban on the panel? What former mentor joined Urban on the panel? Who was replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger? Who received the fewest votes in the Top 8? What was the 500th episode of the series? What were contestants allowed to perform in the final rounds? Who received the fewest votes in the Top 8? In what category did Sam Woolf receive the fewest votes? What was the 500th episode of the series? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up for Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What was the name of Caleb Johnson's coronation single? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up for Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What was the name of Caleb Johnson's coronation single? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who returned to host the fourteenth season? Who was the eighth season runner-up for Urban? What did Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. return for their fourth, third, and second seasons? Who did not return as the in-house mentor for this season? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who was the eighth season runner-up for Urban? How many episodes does Coca Cola air a week during the final ten? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company maintained a reduced role in the season? What company did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? How many episodes does Coca Cola air a week during the final ten? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company maintained a reduced role in the season? What company did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? Who released "Forcefield"? What was Nick Fradiani's coronation single? What was the name of the single released by Jax? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? What was Nick Fradiani's coronation single? What was Nick Fradiani's coronation single? Who released "Forcefield"? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? How many times did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? How many times did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? What is the name of the third, fourth, and fifth seasons of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? How many contestants have appeared in the finals of all seasons of Idol? In what year did the Idol show begin? Where have the first five Idol winners come from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? How many of the fourteen Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Who is one of the notable finalists in the Idol series? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? What percentage of people in Kentucky are more likely to tune into American Idol? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? How much of the CDs sold by Idol contestants were by contestants with ties to the American South? What is the name of the season five winner? What state is Taylor Hicks from? Where is the Bible Belt located that many people get their start in public singing? Where is the Bible Belt located that many people get their start in public singing? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What do Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who was named the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? What book was written by Richard Rushfield? How many consecutive seasons was the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? What type of guitar did a white male play for five consecutive seasons? What do Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who is the author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? Who was named the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? Who did the onerous contract contestants sign that gave excessive control over their future career? Who beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? Who did Ruben Studdard beat in a close vote? When did Vote for the Worst close? How many text votes did Ruben Studdard have in season 8? When did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken? In what season did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken? What has been expressed in the first season? When did Vote for the Girls start? When did Vote for the Worst close? What is the name of the charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? How much has Idol Gives Back raised in total? What is the name of the charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? In what season did Idol Gives Back start? In what year did American Idol premiere? How many viewers watched American Idol in 2002? How many people watched American Idol in the finale night? What year did American Idol become the hit show of 2002? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers watched American Idol in 2002? How many people watched American Idol in the finale night? What was the season premiere of American Idol? What was the average viewership of the season of American Idol? Who won over Clay Aiken? In what season did American Idol become the most watched series? In what season did American Idol reach its peak? What was the season premiere of American Idol? What was the average viewership of the season of American Idol? How many seasons had American Idol become the most watched series? What was the first season of American Idol? What was the first season of American Idol? What was The Cosby Show dubbed? The Cosby Show was dubbed "the Death Star" by what company? What was the first season of American Idol? What was The Cosby Show dubbed? What did season six show in viewership over the course of the season? What is the average ratings of the season six? In what season did the loss of viewers continue? What was the cause of the fall in viewership in season six? In what season did the loss of viewers continue? Who was eliminated in the results show? In what season did the loss of viewers continue? What did Fox become for the first time since its inception? What was the cause of the fall in viewership in season six? Who beat Idol in the 2010 Winter Olympics? Who achieved the record of five consecutive seasons for the sixth year running? In what year did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics beat Idol? What season did NBC's coverage of Idol beat Idol in the same time slot? How many viewers did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics have over Idol's 18.4 million? How many years did Idol have in season nine? What was the median age of the season in its first season? What was the median age in the season of season ten? What was the median age in the season of season ten? What was the median age of the season in its first season? How many years did American Idol lose the lead position in the 18-49 demo? What is the name of the show that American Idol came in second to? For the first time in how many years did American Idol lose the leading position in the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? What was the average viewers of the season in the 18-49 demo? What was the average viewers of the season in the 18-49 demo? In what year did American Idol lose its Top 30 ranking? How many viewers did the finale have in the 18-49 demo? What was the average viewers of the season in the 18-49 demo? What was the name of the major sponsor of American Idol? How many viewers watched American Idol's fourteenth season finale? How many seasons did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? How many viewers watched American Idol's fourteenth season finale? How many reality television shows did American Idol have in the 90s and 2000s? How many adults did Fox become the number one U.S. TV network in 2012? Who was the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? Who was the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? Who claimed the show "saved Fox"? What non-singing TV show did the X Factor format serve as a blueprint for? What is the name of the singing-competition show that spawned a number of imitating singing-competition shows? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? What is the name of the research company that monitors American Idol's radio stations? Who led the field with over four million radio spins? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? Who was the author of books on the Billboard charts? How many winners had more than a million radio spins in 2010? How many spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many albums have American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? How many singles have American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? How many albums have American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? How many singles have American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? Who was the most notable Idol contestant on Broadway? What was Jennifer Hudson's role in Dreamgirls? Where is American Idol strongly felt? Who was the most notable Idol contestant on Broadway? In what movie did Jennifer Hudson win a role in? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? What company considered American Idol as crazily entertaining? What was the season one winner sent to sing at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the 9/11 attacks? Who thought that American Idol was a "sadistic musical bake-off"? What company considered American Idol as crazily entertaining? Who said that American Idol was a "sadistic musical bake-off"? Where was the season one winner sent to sing the national anthem? Who was Michael Slezak a part of? What was the name of the judge who criticized Idol? Who was the singer of Idol? What company was Ramin Setoodeh of? What did Sheryl Crow think Idol promote? Who suggested that Idol has reshaped the American songbook? What was the name of the judge who criticized Idol? Who was the singer of Idol? Who said "television is a lie"? In what year did Carrie Underwood win Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who said that American Idol is a fast track to success for its contestants? Who was a mentor on American Idol? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who said that American Idol is a fast track to success for its contestants? Who said "television is a lie"? What type of music is Idol a part of? In what format is Idol's impact felt particularly strongly? How many Emmys did Bruce Gower win? Who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series? How many Emmys did American Idol win in 2007? What edition of American Idol won a Governor's Award in 2007? How many years was American Idol nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program? What award did American Idol receive for its Idol Gives Back edition? How much did American Idol generate in 2004? What is the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American? What was the name of the theme park attraction that American Idol partnered with? How much did American Idol generate in 2004? Who partnered with American Idol in its theme park attraction? When did American Idol become the most expensive show for advertisers? How much did American Idol's advertising rate reach for the finale? How much did American Idol's ad revenue go for in 2014? How much did American Idol's ad prices reach in season seven? How many seasons did American Idol become the most expensive for advertisers? How much did American Idol earn annually? In what season did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost $10 million? In what season did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost $10 million? What was the third major sponsor of American Idol? When did Coca-Cola officially end its sponsorship of American Idol? How many seasons did iTunes sponsor American Idol? How much did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost by season 7? Who was the third major sponsor of American Idol? What did American Idol promote as a means to vote? How many product placements did American Idol show by season six? Who declined to sponsor American Idol? What is the name of the American version of Cowell? Who declined to sponsor American Idol? What is the name of the American version of Cowell? Where did Pepsi lose market share in 2010? What tour was the most successful? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What was added to the season twelve tour? Who was the sponsor for the first seven seasons? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What tour was the most successful? In what season did American Idol release live performances and studio recordings? How many seasons did American Idol release a compilation album? Where were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What does American Idol traditionally release for sale? What were the first five seasons of American Idol's recordings released at the end of the season? What was American Idol's title? Where were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? Who replaced Sony's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records? What is the name of Bertelsmann Music Group? Who owns 19 Recordings? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? What is the name of Bertelsmann Music Group? What company did BMG partner with in 2005-2007? Who replaced Sony as the music label for American Idol? What company debuted "The American Idol Experience" on February 14, 2009? In what year did the Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? When did the American Idol Experience close? Who co-produced the American Idol Experience? When did the Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? Where did the Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? What was the title of the finals show? When did the American Idol Experience close? How many nations is American Idol broadcast to? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? In what year did CTV drop Idol? Who announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? How many nations is American Idol broadcast to? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? Who announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? Who broadcasts the twelfth season in Italy? How many hours after the U.S. broadcast on ITV2 in the United Kingdom? In southeast Asia, what company broadcasts the show every Thursday and Friday? In southeast Asia, STAR World is broadcast every how many hours after its United States telecast? In southeast Asia, what company broadcasts the show every Thursday and Friday? Who broadcasts the twelfth season in Italy? What are contestants referred to as? How many consecutive years did American Idol become the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States? How many consecutive years did American Idol become the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States? What is the name of the domestic dog that has been selectively bred for millennia? What is Canis lupus familiaris? How long has the domesticated canid been selectively bred? What has been selectively bred for millennia? When did extensive genetic studies indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? How many years ago did dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? Where were dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid? What type of diet has dogs been able to thrive on? What did the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? What is the nickname given to dogs in the Western world? What is the nickname given to dogs in the Western world? What are dogs a source of in some cultures? What does the term "domestic dog" come from? The term "domestic dog" may derive from the earliest layer of what vocabulary? Where does the term "domestic dog" come from? The term "domestic dog" may derive from the earliest layer of what vocabulary? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? What was the name of the subtype of hound? In what century did hound become the general word? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? In what century did hound become the general word? What did hound begin to refer to? What is the Proto-Indo-European word for hound? What is a group of offspring? What is the father of a litter called? What is the French language for puppies? What is the process of birth? What is a female called in breeding circles? What is a female called in breeding circles? What is a group of offspring? What is the father of a litter called? What is the mother of a litter called? What are offspring called in general? What species did Linnaeus publish a categorization of in 1758? When did Linnaeus publish a categorization of species which included the Canis species? Who published a categorization of species which included the Canis species? What does Linnaeus call Canis lupus? What was the first edition of Canis familiaris? What species did Linnaeus publish a categorization of in 1758? What does Canis familiaris mean? What does Linnaeus call the wolf? What is now regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog? When did Linnaeus publish a categorization of species that included the Canis species? In what year did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species then the scientific name of the wild animal is the scientific name of the wild animal? What was the third edition of the Opinion 2027? What does the ICZN prefer to use? Who ruled in 2003 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species then the scientific name of the wild animal is the scientific name of the wild animal? What does the ICZN prefer to use? Who ruled in 2003 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species then the scientific name of the wild animal is the scientific name of the wild animal? In what document did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species then the scientific name of the wild animal is the scientific name of the wild animal? What study supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species? What is the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves? The earliest dogs arose in the time of what? What is the name of the earliest dog breed that is close to the gray wolf? The earliest dogs arose in the time of what? What is the name of the dog that diverged at the same time as the Taymyr wolf? What wolf of North Asia is close to admixture? What breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal? What are teeth used for? What type of animal is a domestic dog? What part of the body does the dog fuse? What does the cardiovascular system support? What are teeth used for? What type of animal is a domestic dog? What are dogs highly variable in? What was the largest known dog in the world? What was the largest known dog in the world? What are the coats of domestic dogs called? What type of hair are domestic dogs made up of? What are the coats of domestic dogs called? What is the name of the coat of domestic dogs? What is a common camouflage pattern? Where will a countershaded animal have dark coloring? What is a common camouflage pattern? What color does a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What does a countershaded animal have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below? What is one of the main functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the main functions of a dog's tail? What are some breeds of dogs prone to? What are dogs susceptible to? What type of female is pyometra? What is pyometra affecting? What are dogs susceptible to? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles? What is another name for macadamia nuts? What type of nuts are toxic to dogs? What is the term for chocolate solids? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles? What can be dangerous to dogs? What type of chocolate can be fatal to dogs? How long do mixed breeds live longer than pure breeds? How long is the lifespan of a dog? In what year did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? How long do mixed breeds live on average than pure breeds? What is the median lifespan of dogs? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevities of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevities of Tibetan Spaniels? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What is the world's oldest living dog? When did "Bluey" die? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? When did "Bluey" die? What is the world's oldest living dog? How old is the first estrous cycle in domestic dogs? What does the body prepare for at the peak of the estrous cycle? How old is the first estrous cycle in domestic dogs? What cycle will female dogs have in their domestic dogs? How long do dogs bear their litters after fertilization? How many days do dogs bear their litters after fertilization? How many puppies does an average litter consist of? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many days do dogs bear their litters after fertilization? How many puppies are in an average litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? What refers to the sterilization of animals? Who advises that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What is the term for the male's ovaries and uterus? What are the female's testicles? What is the term for the male's ovaries and uterus? What are the female's testicles? What do many animal control agencies advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality? What is the risk of neutering in female dogs? What type of dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer? What is the risk of neutering in female dogs? What type of cancer does neutering increase in males? Who was the author of a study that showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items? What was the name of the border collie? What are some examples of human body language? What type of dog can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems? What is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems? How many items did Rico know about dogs? What type of memory skills do dogs have? How many words did "Chaser" associate by verbal command? What is the oldest domesticated species? How have the minds of dogs inevitably been shaped by millennia of contact with? What do the social-cognitive skills of humans parallel? How have the minds of dogs inevitably been shaped by millennia of contact with? How have the minds of dogs inevitably been shaped by millennia of contact with? What is the internally coordinated responses of the domestic dog to internal and/or external stimuli? What have dogs acquired the ability to do with humans? What are the social-cognitive skills of dogs? What are gustatory communication? What do humans use to communicate with dogs? What is about how dogs speak to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them and how humans can translate ideas that dogs are trying to transmit? What do humans use to communicate with dogs? What are gray wolves compared to? What is the cause of a dog's limp ears? What is one way to distinguish gray wolves from domesticated dogs? How often do gray wolves enter estrus? What were dogs initially selected for? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? What are the two types of genes that indicate selection during dog domestication? What does the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response mean? Dogs generally show reduced what compared to wolves? What were domestic species primarily selected for? Why were dogs initially selected for production-related traits? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? Dogs generally show reduced fear and what type of aggression compared to wolves? What is the global dog population estimated at? What is the global dog population estimated at? What are all dog population estimates based on? What type of predators are wolves? What type of ness have wolves displayed? What type of dogs can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What type of predators are wolves? What does Croatia say wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill? What is the name of the breed that wolves kill in Russia? Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as what? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are big cats known to have a predilection for dogs? What is the name of the group that is reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are carnivores? What types of foods will dogs healthily digest? What type of carnivores are dogs referred to as? What are dogs described as in scholarly and other writings? What are dogs not dependent on in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What type of digestion do dogs have adaptations in? How old are most breeds of dog? What are most breeds of dog artificially selected for? What type of breeding has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? Where is the height of a dog measured to the withers? How old are most breeds of dog? How many breeds has the dog developed into? What is the color of the Irish Wolfhound? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What type of ing has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What are modern dog breeds kept by? What have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What are dog types and dog types? Modern dog breeds are what type of classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs? What is the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What type of dog is Border Collie? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What type of behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What do domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors from their wolf ancestors? What has a relationship with humans enabled dogs to become? What type of behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What is the name of the early humans that are a source of meat in the Western world? What is the name of the role of dogs in human hunter-gatherers? What is the nickname given to dogs in the Western world? What are dogs also a source of in the Western world? What would dogs have improved sanitation by cleaning up? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for an exceptionally cold night? What did humans use their acute hearing to provide? How would dogs have improved sanitation? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for an exceptionally cold night? What was an important factor in wolf domestication? In what year did the study of hunter groups with and without a dog give quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication? What did Anthropologists believe would have been used to assist with the hunt? What is the relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt often mentioned as a primary reason for? What type of dogs were critical to the success of the waves that entered North America? What bridge did emigrants from Siberia walk across to North America? What was the earliest evidence of dog-like canids in North America? When did the waves of sled dogs enter North America? What population was the only domesticated animal in North America? What tribes did dogs carry much of the load in the migration of? What animal was used as a pack animal in North America? What was found buried together at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding? When did pet dog populations increase? In what decade were dogs kept outside more often? Where were dogs kept in the 1950s and 1960s? Who keeps dogs as companions? Where were dogs kept in the 1950s and 1960s? In what decade were dogs kept outside more often? What is the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What has been a major trend in the changing status of pet? How many major trends have there been in the changing status of pet dogs? What is the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What does the 'commodification' of a dog become a part of? What type of forms are available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? What century can dog training be traced back to? What is the name of a dog that does to establish territory through scent? What century can dog training be traced back to? What is the name of a dog that does to establish territory through scent? What is an organized activity that can be traced back to the 18th century? The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as what? What is the name of the television program that promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as what? What television program promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What did a study of dogs' roles in families bring in from the lawn? What was the most common part of the washing-up? What is one of the activities that human family members are engaging in? What do many dogs have as family members? What was the most common thing that dogs bring in from the lawn? How many people have pet dogs in the United States? How many people have pet dogs in the United States? What does MRI stand for? What do dogs have the same response to? What part of the brain do dogs use to recognize emotional sounds? What does magnetic resonance imaging give dogs the ability to recognize? What is the term for magnetic resonance imaging? What kind of human sounds do dogs recognize? What nickname have dogs earned? What type of ing have dogs been bred for? What have dogs been helping fishermen with? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? What is the name of the first animal to orbit the Earth? What nickname have dogs earned? What are some examples of dogs that have been bred for herding livestock and hunting? What have dogs been helping fishermen with? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? In what year did Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What type of dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities? What does a guardian need to seek? What are conformation shows also referred to as? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does a judge evaluate individual purebred dogs for in conformation shows? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is the breed standard not part of the judging? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is another name for the separately tested qualities of a purebred dog? Where is dog meat consumed? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to have medicinal properties in rural areas of Poland? What is the argument that a distinction between livestock and dogs is argued to be? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is dog fat believed to have in rural areas of Poland? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is bosintang? What does bosintang mean? What does a 19th century version of gaejang-guk explain that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with? When is bosintang meant to balance the body's heat? What does a 19th century version of gaejang-guk explain that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged how many fatalities per year? In the 2000s, how many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? In what decade did the U.S. averaged 17 fatalities per year? What was the incidence of bites in children in Colorado? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9 per 10,000? Where can children be bitten in the US? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch lead to? In what state is the incidence of dog bites less severe? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9 per 10,000? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch lead to? What is a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year in the United States? What is the most common type of road accident in the United States? What is the most common type of road accident in the United States? What is toxocara canis? Where are toxocara canis eggs found? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in the United States each year? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? What is the term for toxocara canis eggs in dog feces? What percentage of the U.S. population is infected with T. canis eggs? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in the United States each year? What percentage of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? In what year did a paper say pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What has research pointed to less through sickness among children who live with pets? In what year did a paper say pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What did people with pet dogs take more physical than those with cats? What did people with pet dogs take more physical than those with cats? What can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases? What do dogs act as facilitators of? In what year did a study show that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers than non-pet owners? What do people show reductions in when in the presence of a pet dog? What do wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with when they are accompanied by a dog? Where were animals introduced in the late 18th century to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What can animal-assisted therapy with a dog increase among people with Alzheimer's disease? What did children with ADHD and conduct disorders decrease? When was the practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy? Where were animals introduced in the late 18th century to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What animals were used as a part of therapy in the late 18th century? What can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What are medical detection dogs capable of detecting? How large is the brain's olfactory cortex? How much can dogs detect odour? How large is the brain's olfactory cortex? How many cancer patients has a Labrador Retriever detected? Who guards the gates of Hades? What does Cerberus guard in Greek mythology? What is the name of the Norse dog that guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is Tadaklan's god? What type of mythology guards the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the gates of Hades? What is the name of the Norse dog that guards Helheim? What is Tadaklan? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What are the watch dogs said to watch over? Who owns two watch dogs who have four eyes? What do offerings at the Muthappan Temple take the form of? Who owns two watch dogs who have four eyes? What are the watch dogs said to watch over? What is Muthappan's hunting dog? What do offerings at the Muthappan Temple take the form of? What are dogs viewed as scavengers in Islam? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? Where was Hasan Küçük from? What are dogs required to wear when searching mosques or Muslim homes? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? In what year did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal? Where did the Hague councillor call for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What are police sniffer dogs not allowed to contact passengers in Britain? What do dogs represent in Christianity? Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs before what? What does Jewish law require Jews to do before themselves? In Christianity, dogs represent what? What are dogs viewed as in Asian countries? In what Asian country are dogs viewed as kind protectors? What are dogs viewed in Asian countries? Where were dogs portrayed? What type of scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? Where were dogs portrayed? What was popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? How were the representations of dogs portrayed on the walls of caves? Dogs are vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as what? What breeds are incapable of mounting the female? What is the most common response when approached by strangers? What is the most common response when approached by strangers? What has the majority of modern research on dog cognition focused on? What did wolves and their dog descendants have derived from living in human camps? What may have been one of the key forces that led to human success? What has been criticised for the benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing? Where do people who keep pet dogs and cats make fewer visits? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the 2008 Summer Olympics? How long did the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay last? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the name of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? Where did the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay take place? What was the name of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? How much distance did the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay carry? On what date did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? Where was the torch lit on March 24? When did the torch arrive in Beijing? How many continents did the torch pass through? What road has the torch visited? Where was the torch lit on March 24? On what date did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? Where did the torch travel after being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? When did the torch arrive in Beijing? Where did the torch travel to after being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? How many people were protesting the torch relay in San Francisco? How many people were protesting the torch relay in Pyongyang? How did people protest the torch relay? Who extinguished the torch during the Paris leg? Who described the attacks on the torch in London and Paris as "despicable"? What was the number of protesters in San Francisco? Who overwhelmed the protesters in South Korea? Who overwhelmed the protesters in South Korea? What happened to the protesters and supporters of the torch? Where were no major protests visible in the torch relay? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What type of flags did Rogge say could be expelled from the games? What did the IOC scrap in future editions of the games? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What did Rogge say about athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues? Who did Rogge call to cancel the relay? What did the IOC scrap in future editions of the games? The Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for what event had been cancelled? The Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for what event had been cancelled? What is the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the "Lucky Cloud" made from? What is the weight of the Olympic Torch? What is used to ignite and extinguish the flame? What is the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the "Lucky Cloud" made from? How many miles per hour is the Olympic Torch? How many centimetres high is the Olympic Torch? What is the ignition key used to ignite and extinguish the torch? What was the name of the chartered Air China Airbus A330? What colors were the Air China Airbus A330 painted in? When was Air China chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier? How long did the Air China Airbus A330 travel through 21 countries and regions? What was the name of the chartered Air China? What colors were the Air China Airbus A330 painted in? What was the name of the chartered Airbus A330? How many days did the Air China Airbus A330 travel through 21 countries and regions? How many countries did the Air China Airbus A330 travel through? How many continents did the torch carry from March 2008 to August 2008? Where was the torch originally carried through six continents? What countries did the Republic of China in Taiwan agree to place Taiwan on the same level as? How many continents did the torch carry from March 2008 to August 2008? Where was the torch route carried through six continents? What countries did the Republic of China in Taiwan agree to place Taiwan on the same level as? How many kilometers was the torch route in Taiwan? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who was the first torchbearer from Greece? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? What was the title of the first torchbearer? Who was the first torchbearer from Greece? In what country was the Olympic Flame ignited? What was the name of the French hypermart? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did the Nazism's Swastika add to? What is the name of the major Chinese city in which Carrefour was boycotted? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did the Chinese try to "calm the situation" through? What was the name of the French hypermart? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm in an orderly and legal manner? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm in an orderly and legal manner? What type of manner did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic aspiration? Where was the first torchbearer in Kazakhstan? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Where was the first torchbearer in Kazakhstan? Who was arrested and some were deported back to China? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? How many kilometers was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What group of activists were arrested and some were deported back to China? When was the torch relay leg in Istanbul held? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul finish? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul begin? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots in Xinjiang? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul begin? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul finish? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots in Xinjiang? What happened to the protesters who tried to disrupt the torch relay? On what date did the Olympic torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? Where did the Olympic torch start? Where did the Olympic torch finish? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? Where did the Olympic torch arrive on April 5? Where did the Olympic torch start? Where did the Olympic torch finish? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? Where was the torch relay leg held? On what date was the torch relay leg held in London? How much did the torch relay cost? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Where did the torch relay leg end? How long was the torch relay leg in London? What were the Chinese officials described as? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who started the torch-bearers in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Who welcomed the torch outside 10 Downing Street? Who started the torch-bearers in London? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Where did Prime Minister Gordon Brown welcome the torch? Where did a demonstrator attempt to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq? On what date was the torch relay in Paris held? What was the first level of the torch relay in Paris? How did the torch finish in Paris? Who was about to hand over the torch to? On what date was the torch relay in Paris held? Where was the torch relay leg held? What was the first level of the torch relay in Paris? How many French police protected the torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower? How many times was the torch put out in Paris? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was Jin Jing's name? What ceremony did Chinese officials cancel? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was Jin Jing's name? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who organised several symbolic protests? What did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner from? Where did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner? What did Reporters Without Borders hang from the Eiffel Tower? Who organised several symbolic protests? Where did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner? Where did pro-Tibet protesters gather with banners and Tibetan flags? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who was the President of the French Tibetan community? Where did pro-Tibet protesters gather with banners and Tibetan flags? What type of protest did pro-Tibet protesters remain at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What did Jane Birkin talk about in China? Where did the political parties in Parliament request a pause? What was the name of the banner that was given to MPs? What did the protesting MPs shout? What parliament did the French join in a protest? What session did the political parties in Parliament request a pause in? What was the name of the banner that was given to MPs? What did the protesting MPs shout? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? What newspaper criticized the French police for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators? Where was the Tibetan flag forbidden everywhere? Who was the Minister of the Interior? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? Where was the Tibetan flag forbidden everywhere? Who was the Minister of the Interior? Who struck a cameraman for France 2? Where did the North American torch run? On what date was the torch run diverted to an unannounced route? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the torchbearer to leave for Buenos Aires? Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? Where did the North American torch run? On what date was the torch run diverted to an unannounced route? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torchbearer's closing ceremony cancelled? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors want the Beijing Olympic torch to cease? When did the Beijing Olympic torch arrive in San Francisco? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What was the name of the city that protested on April 8? Who led the protests at the United Nations Plaza? What was the name of the bridge that was scaled to unfurl two banners? What TV station did Laurel Sutherlin speak to? Who had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened? What was the name of the bridge that was scaled to unfurl two banners? What was the name of the San Francisco resident who urged China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet? How many people face charges of trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance? How many activists were able to scale the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners? Where did the first runner in the torch disappear? What is the name of the torchbearer who uses a wheelchair? What is the name of the torchbearer who uses a wheelchair? What district did the torch run through? What was the name of the airport that the torch was moved to for a makeshift closing ceremony? Where was the torch resurfaced? When was the torch relay leg held in Buenos Aires? Where was the torch relay leg held? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where was the torch relay leg held? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What was the name of the first torchbearer in Buenos Aires? What did people showered the parade route with? Who was the pro-Tibet activist? When did the protesters organize a march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall? What was the name of the banner that was displayed on the torch route? Who was the pro-Tibet activist in Buenos Aires? What was the name of the march that Argentine protesters organized? What was the name of the torch that Argentine protesters organized? What was the name of the banner that was displayed on the torch route? What is the name of the NGO that aims to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? Who is the outreach director of HRTR? What is the name of the non-government non-profit that is funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto? Who caused a major setback to the Olympic relay? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? What did the protesters throw in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What is the name of the non-government non-profit that is funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto? Who caused a major setback to the Olympic relay? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? What did the protesters throw in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What type of protests were there? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? On what date was Dar es Salaam's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? What railway was China's largest foreign aid project in the 1970s? What was the name of the stadium in Temeke? What country's largest foreign aid project was the TAZARA Railway? Who lit the torch? What was the name of the Sultanate of Oman's only stop in the Middle East? On what date was Sultanate of Oman's only stop in the Middle East? Who was one of the torchbearers? What was the name of the Sultanate of Oman's only stop in the Middle East? How many kilometers did the Sultanate of Oman relay cover? Who was one of the torchbearers? On what date did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad? Where was the torch carried around? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the torch's Olympic journey? Where did the Olympic torch reach for the first time ever? Where was the torch carried around? On what date was the torch relay cut to just 2.3 km? How many runners participated in the torch relay? Who refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? How many torchbearers were allowed in New Delhi? In what city was the torch relay cut? How many miles was the relay from New Delhi cut to? How many runners participated in the torch relay? How many torchbearers were allowed in New Delhi? Who refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? What is the security of the relay in New Delhi normally associated with? What was the name of the Indian ambassador to Beijing? What was Kamal Nath's name? Who was the Commerce Minister of India? When was the ambassador summoned to the Foreign Ministry? What type of celebrations have the Indian authorities given to the relay in New Delhi? What are Republic Day celebrations considered? How many Tibetans are in India? What did Indian officials say India was? Who rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community? How many Tibetans are in India? What did Indian officials say was out of the question? What did Indian officials refuse to allow for the torch route? What does the deterioration of between India and China cause? Who has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? What does IPS stand for? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? When did Soha Ali Khan pull out of the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? Where was a protest organised on April 16? Who broke up a protest in Delhi on April 16? What did Kiran Bedi say she didn't want to run in the event? On what date was the first Olympic flame to visit Thailand? Who was the Green World Foundation chairwoman? Who did Narissara Chakrabongse protest against China's actions in Tibet? On what date was the first Olympic flame to visit Thailand? How many kilometers did the April 18 relay cover? What did Thai authorities threaten to arrest? What was the name of the torchbearer who boycotted the relay? On what date was the first Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? What is the capital city of Malaysia? Where did the 16.5 km long-relay begin? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? Where did the 16.5 km long-relay begin? What was the name of the iconic Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? How many Malaysians were involved in the Olympic torch relay? What was the name of the Malaysian relay supporters? What was the name of the Malaysian relay supporters? What did a group of Chinese nationals hit a Tibetan flag with? What did the Chinese shout at Independence Square? What did the Chinese take away from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Who requested the cancellation of the Olympic flame through Jakarta? Who was allowed to carry the Olympic flame through Jakarta? Where did the Olympic flame reach on April 22? How many kilometers did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Why did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? What was the name of the city's main stadium? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? On what date was the Olympic flame held in Canberra? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Ngunnawal people? What was offered to the Ngunnawal people as a gift of peace and welcome? Who argued publicly over the role of the Chinese flame attendants? Where was the Olympic flame held? How many kilometers of Canberra's central areas were covered by the Olympic flame? What was the name of the Australian Capital Territory event? Who kept the Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators apart? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Ngunnawal people? What did China request to deploy along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra? What did the Chinese Students and Scholars Association call to defend? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who said Chinese diplomats were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? What group did China request to deploy to protect the flame in Canberra? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra? Who said Chinese diplomats were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who was the torchbearer? Who said Lin Hatfield Dodds was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who was the torchbearer? Who was the Foreign Minister of China? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the Canberra torch relay? What did Jon Stanhope say was closely involved to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists"? Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the Canberra torch relay? How many Chinese supporters were expected to attend the Canberra torch relay? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? What did Jon Stanhope say was closely involved to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists"? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? On what date did Nagano host the 1998 Winter Olympics? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? What event was held in Nagano? What was the name of the temple that was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano? What was the new starting point of the Zenk-ji temple? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul on April 27? Where did the 24-kilometer route begin? Who did the torchbearers clash with on the day of the 1988 Summer Olympics? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul on April 27? On what date was the Olympic torch held in Pyongyang? Who was the head of the country's parliament? Who did Kim pass the torch to? What was the name of the obelisk of the relay? Where did Pak Du Ik begin the 19-kilometre route? On what date was the Olympic torch held in Pyongyang? What was the first time the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea? Who did Kim pass the torch to? What did UNICEF believe the relay would be used as? What is North Korea ranked among the world's worst offenders? What organization resigned from the UN's children's agency? What did UNICEF withdraw from the event? What was UNICEF's mission? What country is ranked among the world's worst offenders against human rights? On what date was Vietnam's torch relay held in Ho Chi Minh City? Where was Vietnam's torch relay held? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? Where did the torchbearers carry the torch from? Where did the torchbearers carry the torch from the downtown Opera House? What is the name of the city in which Vietnam was protested? What islands is Vietnam involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty? What is the name of the county-level city in Vietnam? Where did anti-Chinese demonstrations take place? Who was the Prime Minister of Vietnam? How many anti-China protestors were arrested prior to the Beijing Olympics? What was the name of Nguyn Văn Hi? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? How many anti-China protestors were arrested prior to the Beijing Olympics? What is the real name of iu Cày? What was the charge of arrest of a Vietnamese blogger? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? What did the official website remove in the South China Sea? On what date was the first torchbearer held in Hong Kong? Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong? Where was the first torchbearer held? Where did the first torchbearer end? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? On what date was the first torchbearer held in Hong Kong? Who handed the torch to the first torchbearer? How did the torchbearer cross Shing Mun River? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? Who were the torchbearers selected to participate in the event? What was the name of the novelty inflatable that was waved by the Hong Kong Alliance in support of Patriotic Democratic Movements? What was the name of the protest in 1989? What former RDHK radio host wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? What type of vehicle did the protesters use for their own protection? What did Chan claim about her human rights? What did the protesters say the plastic Olympic flames symbolized? Who was the Legislative Council member of Hong Kong? What did Christina Chan wrap around her body? What group originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay to paint the "Pillar of Shame"? What did Galschit paint to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? What was the reason Galschit and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What is the violation of Hong Kong's policy? What is the name of the democracy group that originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay? What did Galschit paint to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? What was the reason Galschit and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? On what date did the Olympic torch travel to Macau? Where was the first torchbearer to travel to Macau? How many torchbearers participated in the Macao event? Who was the last torchbearer in the relay? What type of athletes were the torchbearers? On what date did the Olympic torch travel to Macau? How many torchbearers participated in the Macao event? Who was the last torchbearer in the relay? Who was the last torchbearer in the relay? On what newspaper was the first torchbearer to travel to Macau? Where was a Macau resident arrested for posting a message encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What website was shut down from May 2 to 4? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Where was a Macau resident arrested for posting a message encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? What Chinese big names attended the torch's return to China? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? What year did the torch return to China? What is the name of the International Olympic Committee? What Chinese big names attended the torch's return to China? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage of the torch relay? What have Chinese netizens accused Western media coverage of being? What French newspaper was criticised for its biased reporting? What has been distinct from other media coverage of the torch relay? What did Western reporters in Beijing describe Chinese media coverage as? Who did Chinese media not broadcast the disruption of the torch lighting ceremony? What French newspaper was criticised for its biased reporting? What did Libération support during the torch relay? What did the Chinese media focus on in response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests? What did Xinhua and CCTV quote relay spectators? What was the name of the person who expressed support for the protestors? What did Xinhua say protesters were? What was the name of the person who expressed support for the protestors? Who quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests? What did the official Chinese website say Indian torchbearers vow to run for? What did the torchbearers say should not be mixed with? What did the official Chinese website say Indian torchbearers vow to do? What did the torchbearers say should not be mixed with? Who published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying? What group reported that the Chinese media had been accused of bias? What have some Western media reported on Chinese accusations of? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying? What group reported that the Chinese media had been accused of bias? What is the name of the Cable News Network? What is the name of the Cable News Network? Who called on CNN to apologise for insulting the Chinese people? What was the name of the article that the BBC published on April 19? Who wrote the article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China"? How many people gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London on April 19? Who wrote the article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China"? In what country did the BBC report that people were protesting against Western media bias? Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics? Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics? What did the Chinese government appear to be running on April 4? Who created the anti-CNN website? Who created the anti-CNN website? Who believed Anti-cnn was a semi-government-made website? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out? When was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What does the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" wear? What is the name of the torch attendants? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out? When was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What do the attendants wear to accompany the torch? What is the name of the torch attendants? What was the name of the French hypermart? What was the name of the major shareholder of Carrefour? Who did the LVMH Group donate funds to? What did the Chinese add Swastika to? What was the name of the major shareholder of Carrefour? What did Chinese protesters accuse Carrefour of? What did the Chinese fear the protests may spiral out of control in 2005? What newspaper urged Chinese people to "express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally"? What was the name of the internet forum that the government censored? On what date did the protests occur in front of Carrefour's stores? What happened to the protests in 2005? What newspaper urged Chinese people to "express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally"? Who attempted to calm the protests? On what date did the protests occur in front of Carrefour's stores? Who was Nagano's Mayor? What did Shoichi Washizawa say it has become for Nagano to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg? What did Nagano City cancel its plans to host the Olympic torch relay? Who was Nagano's Mayor? What did Shoichi Washizawa say it has become for Nagano to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg? What did Nagano City cancel its plans to host the Olympic torch relay? What is the Olympic Flame kept alight in? When is the Olympic Flame kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns? Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung? Who was the official Chinese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel"? Who initially gave Jin Jing little mention? How many additional teams of 40 attendants will accompany the flame on the Mainland China route? How many attendants will accompany the flame on the Mainland China route? What was the ironic legacy of Principia Mathematica? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica? Who wrote the incompleteness theorem of 1931? What did Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate? What did Whitehead and Russell write about Principia Mathematica's legacy? In what year was Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem published? What did Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of? Along with logic, epistemology, and what else was Principia Mathematica a part of? What was the name of the essay written by Whitehead? What did Whitehead call "inert ideas"? What did Whitehead opine about inert ideas? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? How many essays did The Aims of Education and Other Essays collect? What did Whitehead caution against the teaching of? What did Whitehead do to teach a large number of subjects? What did Whitehead want to teach? What did Whitehead believe that education should be the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What should education be the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? How many important concepts did Whitehead want to teach? What did Whitehead believe that education should be the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What model did Whitehead believe education should be the opposite of? Why did Whitehead not begin his career as a philosopher? What did Whitehead say about the ocean of metaphysic? When did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? Who was Whitehead's friend? What type of education did Whitehead have? Who was Bertrand Russell? What did Whitehead consider himself to be? What did Whitehead become in the 20th century? What did Whitehead say about metaphysics? Why was Whitehead unimpressed by the objection? What did Whitehead argue about metaphysical investigations? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations to be essential to? What do scientists and philosophers do in Whitehead's view? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What did Whitehead believe people need to continually re-imagine? What did Whitehead consider to be essential to good science and good philosophy? What was the Cartesian idea that was rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another? What did Whitehead argue that the most basic elements of reality can be regarded as experiential? What did Descartes argue about the separation of? What did Whitehead call his metaphysical system? What did Whitehead consider faulty metaphysical assumptions? What did Whitehead reject in favor of the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another? What are events that are fundamentally dependent on one another? What did Whitehead argue that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as? What did Whitehead refer to his metaphysical system as? What does Whitehead call the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What are the "classical" concepts that are not the world's basic building blocks? What is a single person conceived of as a single person philosophically described as? What does Whitehead call a "society" of events? What does Whitehead believe are not sufficient to account for change? What do "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What does Whitehead call events? What is a single person conceived of as a single person? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What is a thing or person often seen as having that is unchanging? What are changes in people and things seen as fundamentally the same through time? What is a "core identity" that is unchanging? What are discrete things in Whitehead's cosmology? In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only fundamentally existent things that overlap one another? What does the term "enduring essence" miss? What do Identities do not define people? What does Whitehead believe is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? Why did Whitehead say the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead say to think that a person is the same from one second to the next? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from other objects? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What is a second problem with materialism? What is a second problem with the importance of relations? What does materialism see every object as from all other objects? How is matter related to other things? What does Whitehead describe any entity as? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it? What are relations not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is? What does Whitehead describe any entity as in some sense? What could happen if a thing made no difference to any other entity? What are relations not secondary to? What does Whitehead describe a entity as in some sense? What does a real thing force the rest of the universe to do? In what countries has attention to Whitehead's work become more widespread? Who was one of the first theologians to interact with Whitehead's thought? What was the name of the first theologians to interact with Whitehead's thought? What did Isabelle Stengers say Whitehead's work has been enriched by? What fields did Whitehead come from? Where were early followers of Whitehead found? Who initiated an interest in Whitehead's work? Who taught generations of Whitehead scholars? Who were some of the professors that made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School? Where is Whitehead's thought currently growing the most quickly? What challenges has China begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? What has China begun to blend with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? Which Chinese process philosophers are becoming required to study Whitehead's philosophy? What is Whitehead's emphasis on? What is one reason Whitehead's metaphysical ideas seem counter-intuitive? What is the main reason Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What is one reason Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? Why are Deleuze's and Latour's opinions minority? What philosophical school has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy? Who did Whitehead think of in the preface to Process and Reality? Who is one example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism? Who was one of the founders of pragmatism? Who was a student of Hartshorne? What has Whitehead's theory of gravitation been criticized? Who are some of the physicists whose work has been influenced by Whitehead? What does Tanaka believe Einstein's work does not refute Whitehead's formulation? What does Tanaka believe the gravitational waves violate? What does Tanaka say Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation? What award did Cobb receive for his book, Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy? What was Cobb's first book in environmental ethics? What was the name of the book that Cobb co-authored? What was the name of Cobb's second book? What was the purpose of the book Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy? Who developed the FEELS model? What are the five things that "FEELS" stands for in curriculum and education? What is the purpose of FEELS? What two organizations are involved in the development of the FEELS model? Who is one of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What is Mark Dibben's stance towards management? What are some of the fields of applied process thought? What has Whitehead had some influence on? What is Dibben's philosophy of business administration and organizational theory? In what decade did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What did Whitehead argue reality consists of? What theory did Whitehead reject? What are some of Whitehead's philosophical works? What did Whitehead turn his attention from to philosophy of science? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What type of system did Whitehead develop? What did Whitehead argue reality consists of? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who established Chatham House Academy? What was Alfred Whitehead's father's job? What was the name of Whitehead's mother? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? What was Alfred Whitehead's father's role in Chatham House Academy? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's wife? In what system did Whitehead accept high administrative positions? What was Whitehead's position at the University of London? What was Whitehead's position in 1920? When did Whitehead leave America? What degree did Whitehead help establish? In what year did Whitehead become Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? What was Whitehead's position at the University of London? What system did Whitehead accept high administrative positions in in 1918? When did Whitehead leave America? Who wrote the biography of Whitehead? How did Victor Lowe describe Whitehead's life? What was Whitehead known for? What did Lowe say on the first page of Whitehead's biography? How many volumes of Whitehead's biography is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead? Who wrote the biography of Whitehead? What did Victor Lowe's family do to the biography of Whitehead? What was Whitehead's belief in? What did Whitehead write in 1898? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? Who were the two books aimed exclusively at? What was the name of the book that Whitehead wrote? What is Principia Mathematica regarded as? What did Whitehead write on the subject of A Treatise on Universal Algebra? How many major books did Whitehead write? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? What was the name of the book that Whitehead wrote? When was A Treatise on Universal Algebra published? What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions draw attention to? What is the main idea of the work of Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions? What did G. B. Mathews write? What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions need to do? What did G. B. Mathews say it possesses? What is the main idea of the work of Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? Why was Principia Mathematica published? How many of Principia Mathematica's work was paid by Cambridge University Press? What did Whitehead and Russell believe was a major academic library in the world that did not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How many volumes of work did Whitehead and Russell have when it came time for publication? How many pages did Whitehead and Russell write about Principia Mathematica? Who paid the loss of 300 of Principia Mathematica's work? What is Whitehead's philosophical work? What is one famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy? What did Arthur Eddington publish in 1927-28? Who struggled to follow Whitehead's writings? What did Arthur Eddington publish in 1927-28? When were Whitehead's Gifford lectures delivered? What is Whitehead's philosophical work considered to be in all of the western canon? How did Mathews feel about Whitehead's books? What did philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School do? Who gave a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? How long did Wieman teach at Chicago's Divinity School? Who's frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest? What school did Mathews attend to explain Whitehead's thought? In what year did the Chicago Divinity School invite Henry Nelson Wieman to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? Who gave a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? What did Wieman do to the faculty of Chicago? What has Process and Reality been called? Why has Process and Reality been little-read and little-understood? What did Whitehead do? What is the most impressive metaphysical text of the twentieth century? Who said that Process and Reality demands that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead question western philosophy's assumptions about? What did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What did Whitehead provide to the 21st century scientific and philosophical problems? What is Whitehead's view of creativity? What does Whitehead believe creativity is the absolute principle of existence? What do most entities not have? What means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable? What is Whitehead's view of creativity? What must be emphasized that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them? What does Whitehead believe that every entity has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities? What does the term "prehension" mean? What does the term "prehension" mean? What was the term used to describe perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings? What language does the term "prehension" come from? What does prehension mean? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate? How many modes does Whitehead view perception as occurring? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate? What does the term "prehension" mean? What are the two modes of perception that Whitehead regards as occurring in? What is a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment? What is the term for "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead describe as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead describe causal efficacy? What is presentational immediacy usually referred to as? What is the most basic mentality in higher organisms? What is the term for a person's encounter with a chair? What is the most basic mentality in higher organisms? What does "symbolic reference" link appearance with? What do sense perceptions indicate? What does the term "symbolic reference" mean? How does Whitehead describe a person's encounter with a chair? What does Whitehead believe that a person could not have jumped to the notion of a chair? What does Whitehead say a dog would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? What does Whitehead say about humans? What is the mark of higher forms of life? What is the three-fold goal of higher forms of life? What does Whitehead see life as directed toward? What does Whitehead believe life is deficient in? What is the mark of higher forms of life? How manyfold is the goal of living, living well, and living better? What does Whitehead see life as directed toward? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as? What did Whitehead say about complex organisms? What did Whitehead call the idea of God? What is Whitehead's most famous criticism of the Christian conception of God? What does Whitehead criticize Christianity for defining God as? What did Whitehead believe was necessary for his metaphysical system? What did Whitehead believe that ordered potentials exist in? What was the second nature of God? What type of entity did Whitehead consider God to be? What did Whitehead see as necessary for his metaphysical system? What is God's consequent nature? What does Whitehead say God saves and cherishes all experiences forever? What does Whitehead say God saves the world as it passes into the immediacy of his own life? What does Whitehead say God saves and cherishes all experiences? What is the difference between God and the world? What does Whitehead see God as? What does Whitehead believe God is alone? What does Whitehead see God and the world as fulfilling one another? What does Whitehead see as fulfilling one another? How can only God provide permanence? What was the core of religion for Whitehead? What was Whitehead's most famous remark on religion? What did Whitehead see religion as? What did Whitehead think was a "dangerous delusion"? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in? What does religion necessitate the realization of? What does Whitehead believe the universe is a community that makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others? What does Whitehead believe religion is world-loyalty? What does Whitehead believe religion is a world-loyalty? How does Whitehead's influence come? Who called Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"? In English-speaking countries, Whitehead's primary works are little-studied outside of what? Who was Whitehead a friend of? What did Gilles Deleuze say Whitehead was the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples? In what field has Whitehead's work been most influential? Who was the most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What is Hartshorne credited with? What are some of the notable process theologians? What does process theology typically stresses? What do process theologians view God as? What does Hartshorne point out about God's relational nature? What does process theology call the being who can most appropriately respond to the world? What does C. Robert Mesle advocate? What are the topics of John B. Cobb, Jr.'s books? What types of theory do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with? What type of theologian was Charles Birch? Who wrote Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age? Why is process theology difficult to define? What did Whitehead call religion more technically? What does religion take deeply felt emotions and contextualize them within a system of general truths about the world? What does religion serve as for Whitehead? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people? What did Mary Parker Follett do? What do Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing? What does Stout and Jeannine M. Love write about? What did many asset managers choose to do to maintain their assets under management? What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? What type of asset managers are compensated based on the volume of client assets under management? How do asset managers expand their assets under management? What was the reason for the choice of investing in over-priced credit assets? What was IndyMac a spin-off of? When did IndyMac Bank fail? Who was the first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States? What was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market? What was the name of IndyMac Bank's parent corporation? When did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What was the total risk-based capital ratio of the bank? How much did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? Who downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What is the capital position of Moody's and Standard & Poor's? Who was the Senator who said brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What does the FDIC stand for? How much did Senator Schumer refer to brokered deposits? When did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits? What was the threat of brokered deposits loss to IndyMac a month? How much did IndyMac's account holders withdrew in June 2008? What percentage of IndyMac's deposits were withdrew in June 2008? How much did IndyMac hold of loans it could not sell in the secondary market? Who wrote a letter to the FDIC and OTS? What was the underlying cause of IndyMac's demise? What was the name of the bridge bank that assumed control of IndyMac Bank's assets? How much did the FDIC guarantee the funds of all insured accounts? How many depositors has the FDIC declared a special advance dividend to? When did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? When did the FDIC announce plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008? What was the name of the investment bank that went bankrupt in 2008? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? When did Lehman Brothers file the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history? What company did Merrill Lynch and Fannie Mae belong to? What was the equivalent of a bank run on in September 2008? What do money market funds often invest in to fund their operations and payrolls? When did the crisis hit its most critical stage? What was the amount ofdrawal from money markets during one week? How much did the TED spread reach on October 10, 2008? Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of what system? Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of what system? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner need to obtain in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities? Who was Timothy Geithner? How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? Who said that the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap? What does the Brookings Institution believe are to vanish forever? What does the Brookings Institution say the traditional banking system does not have to close this gap? How much of their collective net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? By November 2008, the S&P 500 was down what percentage from its 2007 high? What was the housing price of the S&P 500? What was the total home equity in the United States valued at in 2006? What was the total value of home equity in the US by mid-2008? What is a default risk for a homeowner who has no equity? What is the problem with the economy? How many homeowners had substantial equity in their homes two years ago? What does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on? What did the profit prospects look like in November 2008? What has the continuing development of the crisis prompted fears of? Who said that 2008 would see a clear global recession? How long would the US's recession last? In what country did the economic crisis involve all three of Iceland's major banks? What did the world begin to make the necessary actions to fix the crisis? How much of the growth in global consumption did the Brookings Institution report in June 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for the first quarter of 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for Mexico? Who was the source of global demand in 2009? What caused the decline in growth in the U.S.? What was the growth forecast in Cambodia in 2009? How much did migrant workers reach in 2007? How many households live below the poverty line in Bangladesh? What does Bruno Wenn recommend to attract new investors? What can reductions in growth be attributed to? What country was less severely affected by the credit crunch? What does FDI stand for? What is the result of a strong position in the Arab world? What is the biggest impact of the global economic crisis? What is the biggest impact of the global economic crisis? What was the U.S. unemployment rate by October 2009? How many hours per work week did the U.S. unemployment rate decline to? What was the annual rate of labor and property production in the United States? What year did the U.S. unemployment rate increase to 10.1%? What did the decline of gross domestic product result in? What do Critics argue Basel III doesn't address the problem of? What creates risk-free assets out of high risk collateral? What did European regulators introduce for banks? Who argues that Basel III doesn't address the problem of faulty risk-weightings? What did European regulators introduce Basel III regulations for banks? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis? What did TIME magazine declare in April 2009? When did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are now stabilized? Which economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What did advanced economies lead prior to the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did the International Monetary Fund find were "advanced" economies? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? Who said that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report that commercial loans were defaulted? When did the first signs of decline in residential real estate occur? What does CMBS stand for? What did analysts support after the crisis in residential real estate? What was the name of the products that were assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies? How much did the Peabody Award winning program represent in worldwide fixed income investments? What was the size of the pool of money from 2000 to 2007? What was the name of the product that Wall Street invested in? What did NPR correspondents argue the "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than? What enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending? What did collateralized debt obligation enable financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending? What did the securities first in line receive from rating agencies? What type of pool does the collateralized debt obligation place cash payments from multiple mortgages into? What type of securities had lower credit ratings but a higher rate of return on the amount invested? By September 2008, what was the average U.S. housing prices declined by? When did housing prices decline by over 20%? How many properties did lenders begin foreclosure proceedings on in 2007? What was the increase in foreclosure in 2008? By September 2009, what percentage of all U.S. mortgages were delinquent or in foreclosure? What was the federal funds rate target from 2000 to 2003? Why did the Federal Reserve lower the federal funds rate target? What did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble? What contributed to the severity of the crisis? What encouraged borrowing? How much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? What percentage of GDP did Bernanke add to the current account deficit? Where were the emerging economies of the U.S.? What does the balance of payments identity require that a country running a current account deficit also have a surplus of the same amount? What does Bernanke call the capital account surplus? When did the Fed raise the Fed funds rate? What does ARM stand for? How do asset prices move to interest rates? What did the Fed do between July 2004 and July 2006? How did the U.S. housing and financial assets decline after the housing bubble burst? What company was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for over 220 professional underwriters? How many professional underwriters were responsible for the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup? What percentage of mortgages purchased by Citi were "defective" by 2006? How many mortgage companies were "defective" by 2006? How much of production did defective mortgages increase to in 2007? What is the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe? What percentage of mortgages met their originators' underwriting standards? How many investment and commercial banks did Clayton hold? What percentage of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer? How many mortgages did Clayton review from January 2006 to June 2007? What refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders? Who used the bait-and-switch method to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? What type of mortgage would the consumer be put into? What was the result of a predatory lending method? What method was used by Countrywide Financial to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? Who sued Countrywide for "unfair business practices"? What was the name of the mortgage that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? Why did Countrywide lose their home equity? Who decided to seize Countrywide's lender? What type of credit did Countrywide make high cost mortgages to homeowners with? Who was the economist who argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? Which U.S. Treasury Secretary has argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What study suggests that bank regulation based on Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner argue did not keep pace with financial innovation? In what country did the OECD study suggest that bank regulation encourage unconventional business practices? What did financial institutions do prior to the crisis? What type of financial instruments were used to achieve leverage? What type of bailouts were needed to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? In what year did financial institutions have to be reorganized? What was used to achieve much of the leverage of financial institutions before the crisis? How many U.S. investment banks increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007? What did the top five U.S. investment banks increase their vulnerability to? What did regulators change to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts? How much debt did Lehman Brothers have in 2007? What was the name of the company that went bankrupt in 2007? What can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior? What is too many consumers attempting to save simultaneously called? What is the paradox of thrift? Who described a "paradox of deleveraging"? What does Hyman Minsky call a "paradox of deleveraging"? Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in April 2009? What did Janet Yellen say about the credit crunch? What did Janet Yellen say we were in when the credit crunch hit? What is a result of a balance sheet deleveraging? What has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve specific client objectives? What is one example of a financial innovation? What is a form of credit default swaps? What is another term for collateralized debt obligations? What happened to the use of credit default swaps in the years leading up to the crisis? When did CDO issuance reach its peak? What was the estimated amount of CDO issuance in Q1 2004? What was the peak of CDO issuance in Q1 2004? What percentage of CDO assets did the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increase to? How much did CDO issuance decline by Q1 2008? What type of products did the boom in? How did the boom in innovative financial products go hand in hand with more complexity? What did the underlying asset depend on to increase the number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What was the most important part of the financial boom? In what year did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk that may be measured by what? What refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? What type of format did a lack of transparency make the financial crisis more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels were disclosed? What was the financial crisis that caused it to become more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels were disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format? What did market participants not accurately measure? Why did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with MBS and CDOs? What was the average recovery rate for high quality CDOs? What was the recovery rate for mezzanine CDO? What was the estimated amount of CDOs sold between 2005 and 2007? Who insured obligations of various financial institutions through the use of credit default swaps? What did AIG use to insured obligations of various financial institutions? When was AIG taken over by the government? How much did the U.S. taxpayers provide in government support to AIG? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted? Who commented that "The super-boom got out of hand"? How did financial assets become more and more complex? What did the rating agencies relied on? Who relyed on risk management methods? What agencies were reassured by the fact that they accepted mathematical models that showed the risks were much smaller than they proved to be? Who published the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? In what year was the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" published? Who wrote the book "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What did Merrill Lynch try to rectify in 2006? In what year was the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" published? Who was the President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank? When did Timothy Geithner become Secretary of the US Treasury? What type of banking system did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on? What did Timothy Geithner call the parallel banking system? Why were the entities vulnerable? When did the securitization markets begin to close down? When did the securitization markets close down? How much of the private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? Who said that the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close the gap? How long would it take for the traditional banking system to generate sufficient capital to support the additional lending volume? Who testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in 2010? What markets remain impaired as investors anticipate more loan losses? How much did private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and CDOs peaked in 2006? How much was private issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities in 2009? What program supported private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities? What was the result of the collapse of the housing bubble? What was the price of oil from 2007 to 2008? What happened to the price of oil from 2007 to 2008? What is one of the causes of the financial crisis? What does the increase in oil prices tend to divert a larger share of consumer spending into? Who was the former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets? What was the name of the company that was founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP? Who founded the IntercontinentalExchange? What was the name of the IntercontinentalExchange that had been regulated by European and U.S. authorities since 2001? Where was the IntercontinentalExchange founded? What Feminist economists call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics profession? Where did Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas? What type of economics do Feminist economists call for a reshaping of the economy, economic theory and economics profession? What does Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt call for? Who was the current Governor of the Reserve Bank of India? When did Raghuram Rajan predict the crisis? When did Rajan attend the International Monetary Fund? What was Rajan's paper that was critical of the financial sector? What are these risks known as? Who predicted the financial crisis? What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? Who was the author of his research credits? What did the Austrian economic school consider the crisis as? Who was the former Fed Chair in Congressional testimony? What magazine claims economists failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the 1930s? What was the worst international economic crisis since the 1930s? What is the name of the online business journal that examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? What economist warned of the financial crisis as early as September 2006? What did The New York Times call Roubini? Who wrote The Black Swan? Who wrote The Black Swan? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn against? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a big financial bet on? Who believes that there are distinctions between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? What is the Dow Jones average fall of over a period of 17 months? What was the Dow Jones average fall in the Great Depression? Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times? What was the name of the British bank that was one of the first victims? What bank did Northern Rock request security from? When was Northern Rock's bank run? In what year did Northern Rock fail to find a private sector buyer? What was the name of the British bank that was one of the first victims? What did IndyMac make loans without verification of? What did IndyMac make to borrowers with poor credit histories? What type of credit history did IndyMac often make loans to borrowers with? What type of option-adjustable-rate-mortgages did IndyMac use? What did IndyMac try to tighten? How many of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? How many percent of all Americans declined during the crisis? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? How many of the richest families had a decrease in wealth? What type of families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? Who predicted a weak growth of GDP in 2009? How much did the European Commission predict for 2009 for the countries of the Eurozone? What was the negative number for the UK? Who launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession? What percentage of GDP did the IMF at Washington, D.C. predict for 2009? What have the U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks taken steps to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral? What have governments enacted to offset the reduction in private sector demand? What role did the U.S. Federal Reserve's liquidity facilities enable the central bank to fulfill during the crisis? What was intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis? What is the risk of deflationary spiral? What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse? How much government debt did the central banks purchase in 2008? How much did the governments of European nations purchase in their major banks? Who was the Nobel laureate in 2010? How were banks spending the money in profitable areas? What did Obama and key advisers introduce in June 2009? What does the proposed regulatory proposals address? What type of trading did Obama limit the ability of banks to engage in? Who was dubbed "The Volcker Rule"? Who was dubbed "The Volcker Rule"? When did the U.S. Senate pass a reform bill? When did the House pass a reform bill? What is not part of the legislation? Who passed a reform bill in May 2010? What prevented the collapse of large financial institutions? How much did consumer wealth decline in the U.S.? When was the liquidity crisis? In what year did the global recession occur? Who terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds? When did the U.S. housing bubble peaked? In what year did securities suffer large losses? What did the theory of housing prices continue to do? What type of borrowers were able to get loans from the U.S. housing bubble? What type of holdings did the U.S. housing bubble lack? What report concluded that the financial crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products"? What Act was repealed in 1999? Who concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable? What type of agency did the U.S. Senate report that the financial crisis was a result of? What type of practices did governments not adjust to address 21st century financial markets? What was the name of the financial agreements that derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices? What does CDO stand for? Who had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS? Who was able to invest in the U.S. housing market? What did the collateralized debt obligations come from? What are the total losses estimated in the U.S.? What is a financial incentive for homes worth less than the mortgage loan? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What type of loan did the foreclosure epidemic erode the financial strength of banking institutions? What continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions? What are some financial institutions that are known as the shadow banking system? What are some financial institutions that are known as the shadow banking system? What is the process that caused the financial system to expand and become increasingly fragile? What has the U.S. Government policy emphasized to encourage business? What has emphasized deregulation to encourage business? What type of losses did banks not have a financial cushion to absorb? What was the result of the loss of financial institutions? Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets? Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs? What did the regulated banks not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? What did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission conclude? Who failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? Who was ill prepared for the crisis? Who did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report? What type of competition did mortgage lenders have between 2004 and 2007? When did the GSEs maintain high underwriting standards? When were the worst loans originated? When were the worst loans originated? What type of enterprises policed mortgage originators prior to 2003? How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? Who has claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What does the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission contend was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What does the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission believe did better than private investment banks? How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? What was the total amount of substandard loans for Fannie and Freddie Mac in 2008? Who did Peter J. Wallison believe could be traced to the financial crisis? Who initiated affordable housing policies in the 1990s? How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie Mac were involved in the securities fraud case? What was the name of the recent report that uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities? Who called for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs? When did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues? What did the OFHEO report uncovered? What committee held a hearing on the safety and soundness of the GSEs in 2003? What was the amount of mortgage lending made by the Community Reinvestment Act? What percentage of all U.S. mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders? What does CRA stand for? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? When did CRA rule changes occur? How much did CRA loan commitments total in the years between 1994 and 2007? What is the faulty and self-serving assumption that the Federal Reserve's classification of CRA loans as "prime" is based on? What type of lending is not surprising to other analysts? When did the Federal Reserve initiate ultra-low interest rates? What were the derivatives that were used to enable large wagers to be made? What were credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs? Where was Michael Lewis' article published? What were credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs? What are the derivatives used to enable large wagers to be made? What type of loans supported the U.S. residential housing bubble? What was the main reason the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis? What was the reason the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis? When did other developed countries have large bubbles? Who did Peter J. Wallison counter? How many miles east of Puerto Rico is St. Barthélemy? What is St. Barthélemy separated from Saint Martin? What are the Roques? What is St. Barthélemy one of? What small satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy? What is Saint-Barthélemy? What type of citizens are in Saint-Barthélemy? How many people speak the St. Barthélemy French patois? What type of citizens are in Saint-Barthélemy? What is the geographical preference between Créole and Patois? Who did the French Parliament pass a bill granting COM status to? How many years does Saint Martin have a president? When were the last elections to the territorial councils? When did the new COM status take effect? How many members are in the unicameral Territorial Council? When was the last election held? Where did St. Barthélemy become an overseas territory? How many senators represent the island in the French Senate? In what year was the first election held? How many gendarmes have been stationed on the island? What is difficult on the island due to the dry and rocky terrain? What type of potato is grown in patches? What did the early settlers produce? What did the early settlers produce? What port did the islanders develop commerce through? What is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of? How many people visit St. Barthémy every year? What is the price of a beachfront villa in St. Barthémy? What explain the high standard of living on the island? How is most of the food imported from the US or France? How many hotels does St. Barthélemy have? How many rooms does St. Barthélemy have? In addition to Brazil, what country attracts a labour force to the island's tourism industry? How many rooms does Le Toiny have? How many private villas are available to rent on the island? What type of plants do the hills support? What part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall? How many indigenous plants are found on the island? What is a common sight on the island? Where was coconut palm brought to the island? What is the name of the tree that is brought from the Mediterranean? What is the name of the night blooming on the island? Where was the golden trumpet or yellow bell originally from? In what year was the yellow prickly pear planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army? What fig was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773? When are the dolphins, porpoises and whales seen? When are the dolphins, porpoises and whales seen? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is their favourite diet? Where do the hawksbill turtles live? What type of shells do the marine aquafauna have? What type of marine life is found on the reefs? Where are fish recorded close to the shore line? What type of crabs live on the shore? What do hermit crabs eat? How many ha does the Reserve Naturelle cover? What marine species is the Reserve Naturelle designed to protect? What is prohibited in the Reserve? What is the name of Saint-Barthélemy's marine nature reserve? What is in place in some of Saint-Barthélemy's protected bays? Who built the three forts in the town? What was the name of the Fort Oscar? When was the fort built? What has been replaced by a modern military building that houses the local gendarmerie? Where is the Fort Oscar located? How many restaurants does St. Barthélemy have? Where are many of the finest restaurants located? What do the French call the snack restaurants in St. Barthélemy? What type of dishes are in St. Barthélemy? What type of events does St. Barthélemy host? How often is the Transat AG2R Race held? Where does the Transat AG2R Race originate? What is the Transat AG2R Race? How long is the Transat AG2R Race? How many sailors are in the Transat AG2R Race? Where is Gustaf III Airport located? What is the name of the airport that is located on the north coast of St. Barthélemy? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the name of St. Barthélemy's airport? What country is Saint-Barthélemy an overseas collectivity of? What is the name of the overseas collectivity of France? In what language are St. Barts or St. Barths often abbreviated to? What is the name of the indigenous people of Saint-Barth? Where is Puerto Rico located in the Greater Antilles? What type of island is Saint Barthélemy? What is the population of Saint Barthélemy? What is the capital of Saint Barthélemy? What language was Saint Barthélemy a colony? When is Saint Barthélemy a popular tourist destination? What is Saint Barthélemy a part of? When did the referendum take place? When did Saint Barthélemy become an Overseas Collectivity? What is the name of the hotel de Ville? Who represents the island in Paris? What Bay has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance? What type of vessels do Grande Saline Bay provide temporary anchorage for? How are the north and east sides of St. Jean Bay fringed? What type of waters are reefs mostly in? What are some of the offshore reefs part of? How many public beaches are on St Barthélémy? How many public beaches are considered suitable for swimming? What is the name of the two groups of public beaches on St Barthélémy? What type of beach is popular for windsurfing? What is the windward beaches popular for? What is the climate of the island? How many square kilometres is the island? What is the average rainfall per year on the island? What month is the rainy season? What is the lowest night temperature recorded in the Caribbean? When did the British invade the harbour town? When did the Swedes occupy Gustavia? What was the port known as when the British invaded the harbour town? What did the Swedes rename the port in honour of Gustav III? When did the Swedes rename the port as Gustavia? What is the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? Where is the "Wall House" located? What type of period of occupation is the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What type of houses are on display at the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? Where is the genome the genetic material of an organism? In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome consists of what? What does the genome consist of in RNA viruses? Who was the professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany? In what year was the term chromosome created? Where was Hans Winkler a professor of botany? What are some related -ome words that existed in the Oxford Dictionary? How many chromosomes does the gamete have in a sexually reproducing organism? When are homologous chromosomes segregated? In haploid organisms, what are some organelles? What is the study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms usually referred to as? What does genomics generally study? What is the term for the genome of a sexually reproducing species? What is a rough correlation between base pairs and the number of genes known as? What is the highest known number of genes for the protozoan? What is the highest known number of genes for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis? How many times as many genes do the protozoan causing trichomoniasis? Who was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What is the name of the viral RNA-genome? Who completed the first DNA-genome sequence? Where was the first bacterial genome to be sequenced? When was the first genome sequence for an archaeon completed? Who maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information? What is the name of the plant that was first sequenced from a Neanderthal? What is the name of the species that was first sequenced from a Neanderthal? When did scientists first sequence the entire genome of a Neanderthal? How many years old was the Neanderthal genome extracted from? What new sequencing technology has opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who pioneered personal genome sequencing? Who was one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA? What did James D. Watson co-discover? What identifies the landmarks? What project was organized to map and sequence the human genome? Who released a detailed genomic map? Where did Jean Weissenbach and his team release a detailed genomic map? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? What can scientists better understand by comparing genome compositions between genomes? What are the big differences on contents structure in prokaryotes? What does eukaryotes have the feature of organization of protein coding genes? Where is the major part of eukaryotes composed of repetitive DNA? What type of microbe is sequencing the genome of? What type of virus is more complex than a chromosome? Where is "genome" meant to include information stored on the auxiliary material? Which eukaryotes have a typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA? What is the name of the DNA found within the chloroplast? What are mitochondrial genomes often referred to as? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? The genome size is positively correlated with what among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes? What does the mighty influence come from? What is experimental work being done on for single cell organisms? Where is the work done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms and minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms? What are generally non-repetitive DNA? What is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size? What is the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by? What species only have non-repetitive DNA? What lower eukaryotes have more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA? In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than what? What are the two categories of repetitive DNA in genome? What is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size? What is usually caused by slippage during replication? What are two forms of tandem repeats in the genome? What is the largest proportion of tandem repeats in mammalian? What are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell? What is it believed that TEs are an important driving force of higher eukaryotes? What are the two categories of TEs? What are the two categories of TEs? Retrotransposons can be transcribed into what? What do DNA transposons move by in the genome? What does Class 2 TEs not use as intermediate? What is chromosome number? What traits do researchers compare to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes? What plays a major role in shaping the genome? What are duplications crucial to the creation of? What is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise distantly related? Where is horizontal gene transfer common? What genomes have eukaryotic cells experienced a transfer of some genetic material from? What is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What type of school does a comprehensive school not select on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? Where is the term comprehensive school commonly used? What percentage of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools? What is the name of the German secondary school? What are some practical subjects that are less common in grammar schools? Who provide post-16 provision? What government initiatives have made the comprehensive ideal less certain? How many selective grammar schools are still in operation? When were comprehensive schools introduced to England and Wales? What were comprehensive schools conceived as for all students in a specified catchment area? What are some of the major education reforms that will have some impact on the comprehensive ideal? In what decade has Finland used comprehensive schools? What is the age of peruskoulu? What type of school is the Gesamtschule? What type of courses does the Gesamtschule offer for those who aren't doing well? What are some German schools that have strict entrance requirements? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What is the name of the new comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What is the name of the new comprehensive school in Berlin? When did Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What type of classes does the "Mittelschule" offer? What is another name for the Mittlere Reife? What school does not exist in some States of Germany? What have comprehensive schools been accused of? Who was the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? Who said that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government? What is Barbara Sommer's profession? What is the name of Sigrid Beer? What type of students might a Gesamtschulen put at risk according to several studies? What type of students are at risk of attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule? What is the name of the school that has the poorest students? Who was a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools? What system did Helmut Fend compare alumni of comprehensive schools to alumni of? When was Gibraltar's first comprehensive school opened? In what form can students continue to complete their A-levels? What is the sixth form of Gibraltar's comprehensive school? In what year were comprehensive schools introduced into Ireland? Who was the Minister for Education in 1966? What was the only system of schools completely controlled by the state? What concept superseded the comprehensive school system in Ireland? In what decade was the secular community model introduced in Ireland? Who owns the school property? What did the community school model remove in the 1970s? What was the name of the community school model that tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model? When were the first comprehensive schools set up? Who set up the first comprehensive schools? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Anglesey? When was Holyhead County School in Anglesey established? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Coventry? Who was the Secretary of State for Education in 1965? Who was Anthony Crosland? What type of schools were never widely implemented? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What type of schools were established under Margaret Thatcher? What government did Margaret Thatcher become Secretary of State for Education? When did the majority of local authorities abandon the 11-plus examination? What were the secondary modern schools and grammar schools amalgamated to form? What did Sandwell and Dudley change all of its state secondary schools to in the 1970s? Who were some of the local authorities in the West Midlands that changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools? Who was the Labour prime minister in 1976? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? Who was James Callaghan's prime minister? In what act did parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to? When was the Education Reform Act passed? What is government policy currently promoting? What has the logic of "school choice" underpinned? What type of education is Scotland based on? What did the Scottish Government reject as of 2005? What year did the Scottish Government reject plans for specialist schools? What country uses education in Northern Ireland more than England and Wales? Where is education in Northern Ireland similar to that of Scotland? What is the French name for the Republic of the Congo? What is the northeast of the Republic of the Congo? Which country is bordered by five countries to the west? What country is bordered by five countries to the northwest? Where is Congo-Brazzaville located? Who dominated the Congo River basin? When did Congo-Brazzaville become the Republic of the Congo? Who was the President of the People's Republic of the Congo? Who was Denis Sassou Nguesso? What was the largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea? What did Congo have an unequal distribution of? What was the name of the earliest inhabitants of the Bantu region? When did the Pygmy people begin? Who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? Who was Diogo Co? What did European merchants trade in the Congo in 1484? When did direct European colonization of the Congo river delta begin? What was eroding the power of the Congo river delta? When did the area north of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? Who signed a treaty with Makoko of the Bateke? What was the Congo Colony known as in 1903? What did France organize in 1908? How many lives did the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad cost? What was the symbolic capital of Free France during World War II? In what year was Brazzaville the symbolic capital of Free France? In what year was the Fourth Republic adopted? What was the name of the country that was established in 1946? When was the Fifth Republic established? What became an autonomous colony within the French Community? What did Middle Congo become known as in 1958? When was the first constitution published? When did the Republic of the Congo receive full independence from France? Who was the first president of Congo? Who headed the Congolese government? Who instigated a three-day uprising that ousted Fulbert Youlou? Who installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat? Who was elected President in 1963? What did Massamba-Débat adopt as the country's constitutional ideology? What country did Massamba-Débat invite army troops into the country to train his party's militia units? When did Massamba-Débat's regime end? Who was the president of Congo on December 31, 1968? What was the name of Congo Africa's first people's republic? What did the National Revolutionary Movement change its name to? When did Ngouabi survive an attempted coup? When was Ngouabi assassinated? Who did Sassou Nguesso align the country with? Who did Sassou Nguesso sign a twenty-year friendship pact with? What did Sassou Nguesso rely on to maintain? What did Sassou rely on to maintain his dictatorship? Who became Congo's first elected president? Who supported the economic reforms of Lissouba? What war broke out in Congo in mid-1997? What does ESAF stand for? Who fought for power in the civil war? What was the name of Sassou's private militia? What was the name of the socialist regime that began an invasion of Congo? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo to install Sassou in power? Who was Sassou's only credible rival? How long did Sassou's term last? When was a new constitution agreed upon? When was a peace treaty to end the conflict signed? Who won the presidential election in July 2009? What non-governmental organization said that the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities"? What was the turnout of Sassou's presidential election marked by? What type of political system has Congo-Brazzaville had since the early 1990s? What party is Sassou Nguesso backed by? What is the name of the Congolese Labour Party? What has Sassou's regime been hit by? In what country was Sassou's regime censored? On what date did Sassou Nguesso announce his government would hold a referendum to allow him to run in the next election? How long did Sassou Nguesso run for? Who owned the main media in 2008? How many government-owned television stations are there? How many private television channels are there? Who are many Pygmies from birth to? What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say the Pygmies are treated as property the same way? When did the Congolese parliament adopt a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples? What are the latitudes of Congo? What longitudes are in Congo? On what ocean does Congo have a short coast? What is the name of the country that has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean? What is Cabinda? What is the capital of the Congo? Where is Brazzaville located? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? Kinshasa is the capital of what country? What is the southwest of the country? What is the primary drainage for the southwest of the country? What is the interior of the country consists of? What is under increasing exploitation pressure? Where is the country located? What is the average day temperature in the Niari Valley? What are the average nights in the Niari Valley? When is the dry season in the Niari Valley? Who studied gorillas in 2006-07? Where did researchers study gorillas in 2006-07? What has preserved the Western Lowland Gorillas from humans? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What is the government characterized by? Petroleum extraction has supplanted what as the mainstay of the economy? How much of the GDP does oil sector account for in 2008? What percentage of exports did the oil sector account for in 2008? What did the oil revenues enable the government to finance in the 1980s? What is the GDP growth in Africa? What percentage of Franc Zone currencies were devaluated in 1994? What was the inflation of Franc Zone currencies in 1994? What war erupted in June 1997? What caused economic progress to be badly hurt? When was the resumption of armed conflict? What economic problems does the current administration face? What are recent major Congolese exports? When was Congo re-admitted to the Democratic Republic of Congo? What types of deposits does the Republic of the Congo have? What does OHADA stand for? How many hectares of land did the Congolese government lease to South African farmers? What type of transportation does the Republic of the Congo include? When was Congo's rail system built? In what city does Pointe Noire Airport fly to? On what ocean does Congo have a large port? Where is Congo's sparse population concentrated? How long is the railway that connects the two cities? How many spoken languages are in Congo? What is the largest ethnic group in Congo? What percentage of Congo's population is Boulangui? What percentage of Congo's population is Boulangui? How many Europeans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? What language did most of the non-Africans live in Congo before the 1997 war? How many American expatriates reside in the Congo? What are the people of Republic of the Congo largely a mix of? What percentage of the Congo's population is Awakening Lutherans? What percentage of the Congo's population is Protestant? What percentage of the people of Republic of the Congo are followers of Islam? What is the main cause of the influx of Muslims into the urban centers? What percentage of GDP was public expenditure health in 2004? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence in 2012? What was the US's health expenditure per capita in 2004? What was the GDP of Congo-Brazzaville? What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010? What does FGM stand for? What was the infant mortality rate in 2010? How many years is public education mandatory for? What was the net enrollment rate in 2005? What is the name of a secondary school in the country? What language does Marien Ngouabi University teach at all levels? What branch of government is the most senior minister of cabinet? What is the most senior minister of the executive branch of government? What is a prime minister appointed to manage in semi-presidential systems? What is the name of the parliamentary system in which the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government? What type of position does the head of state hold in parliamentary systems? How is the prime minister expected to do? What are executive powers known as in some monarchies? What type of parliament is the prime minister often a member of? Who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? What was Winston Churchill's position during the Second World War? When was Cardinal Richelieu named to head the royal council as prime minister of France? Who first used the term Premier Ministre? What country did Cardinal Richelieu serve as prime minister? Who was the prime minister of France in 1625? When did the term prime minister originate? Who was the prime minister in the 18th century? Who was the head of the government under Henry VIII? Who was Queen Anne? What was the name of the monarch who was regarded as the head of the government? The power of ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of who? The power of ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of who? Who shared power in Anne's reign? Who was driven into exile when Cromwell was executed? What was the name of the Revolution in 1688? What was passed in 1689? Who became a part of the government? Who was the king's first minister? When did Anne die? Where was George I's home? How long did Robert Walpole hold office? Who was Robert Walpole? What did Walpole develop under him? What did Robert Walpole do when he was a Whig politician? Who resigned from office in 1721? Who continued to deny that any position was known to the Constitution? Who made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch? Who first referred to the title of the post in the 18th century? When did the British Order of precedence appear? What type of president did the majority of the world's countries have? Who is the longest serving non-elected prime minister in Bahrain? When did Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah become prime minister? What country's prime minister is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? Where is the head of state an elected official? Where is the head of state an elected official? What is the head of government of the People's Republic of China referred to as? What is the name of the premier of the Republic of China? Who approves the prime minister? What is a state of affairs usually referred to as when it arises? What can the parliament force? What constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? What does Bangladesh's constitution detail? The People's Republic of China set a premier just one place below what? What is the pinyin of the People's Republic of China? In what act did Canada pass reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada"? When was the Constitution Act passed? What are the only two types of first ministers in Canada? What clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic? When did the first mention of the United Kingdom's constitution occur? Who was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? In what year was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? Who was the only prime minister to be appointed in 1979? When was Margaret Thatcher appointed prime minister? When did Margaret Thatcher remain in power? What did Margaret Thatcher use the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her? What is formally'renominated' after every general election? What is the position of prime minister normally chosen from? When is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated'? In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of what? What does a small minority of parliaments block supply to? What do upper houses lose when they lose a motion of no confidence? Who can refuse a parliamentary dissolution in many jurisdictions? What does a head of state require to refuse a parliamentary dissolution? Who is responsible for the resignation of a head of state? When did the prime minister request a dissolution of parliament? In what year did the Irish constitution grant to the Taoiseach the right to make the request? Where did the Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in 1922? Older constitutions often vest power in what? What is the name of the motion that the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party? What is the name of the prime minister in the Russian constitution? Who is the head of the government in Israel? What is the Spanish prime minister? What is the Irish prime minister called in the Russian constitution? What is a common form of government? What is the name of the prime minister in Scandinavian countries? What is the equivalent term for a national heads of government? What are the few exceptions to the rule? What is Monaco's head of government referred to as? What is the name of the head of government in Vatican City? Who is a stand-out case of Iran? In what country is the prime minister entitled to the style of Excellency like a president? What are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled in non-Commonwealth countries? What is a privilege to be current members of in the United Kingdom? In what country are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled Right Honourable? What type of government is in place in the UK? What are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments styled in the UK? What is the name of the Prime Minister in India? What is the name of the prime minister in Pakistan? What does "Wazir-e-Azam" mean? What is the Prime Minister's executive office usually called? What is the Office of the Prime Minister's executive office called in the United Kingdom? What is the term institute of technology often abbreviated? When did the English term polytechnic appear? What was the name of the French engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris? What language does the French term polytechnic come from? What term is synonymous withinstitute of technology? What is the name of the world's first institution of technology? After what war did the institutes of technology and polytechnics become popular? What is the name of the Braunschweig University of Technology? When was the École Polytechnique founded? What are institutes of technology and polytechnics? In what year were UK Polytechnics designated as universities? What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution? Where was the Royal Polytechnic Institution founded? What is the name of the institute that has a quite different statute among each other? What was the name of the new universities that were part of the College of Advanced Education system? What was the name of the state owned and funded technical schools that offered vocational and higher education? What is the name of the technical and further education institute? What is a recent example of a rebranding and repositioning from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE? In what year did TAFE Tasmania start a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic? How many universities are in the higher education sector? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? What degree does Fachhochschule grant? What has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas? What is the process of Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium? How many former institutes of technology have become universities in the Netherlands? How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands? Where are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes and Universities located? What is the name of the college in Canada that offers instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to engineering degrees? Where are the École Polytechnique de Montréal located? What type of funding does Canadian higher education institutions receive? What is the name of the national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology? What do some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions partake in? When did China's modern higher education begin? Where was the Imperial Tientsin University? How many of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical? When was the law about polytechnic education in Croatia passed? Who monitors the seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? Who manages the Quito Astronomical Observatory? When was the Quito Astronomical Observatory founded? What is the only Nuclear Science Department in Ecuador? What do qualified professionals apply their knowledge and skills in? How many students have MIT pledged sponsorship for? What kind of universities are allowed to grant B.Sc., M.Sc., and D.Sc. degrees? How many credits did M.Sc. require prior to Bologna? How many credits did M.Sc. from a normal university require? In what country are polytechnic schools distinct from academic universities? Who switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences"? What is the Swedish alternative to Ammattikorkeakoulu? What type of curricula does a multi-site cluster of French grandes écoles provide as autonomous higher education engineering institutes? What does IUT stand for? What is the name of the institut universitaire de technologie? What is a type of institution in Switzerland called? What is the name of Eastern Europe? When was the French education system set? What is the name of the French École polytechnique? When were Fachhochschulen first founded? What does Fachhochschulen focus more on than research? What type of course does Fachhochschulen offer? What is the term for Technische Universität? What does Technische Universität focus on? What type of faculty does RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München have? How many Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology? How many universities of technology are in Germany? How many students are enrolled in the Technische Universität in Germany? What state is not operating a Technische Universität? What is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover? What did the N.1404/1983 pass? What is the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? The Hong Kong Polytechnic was established in 1972 through upgrading what? When was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded? What is the name of the University of Hong Kong? When were the two polytechnics granted university status? What type of mining was the Berg-Schola? When was the Berg-Schola established? Who established the Berg-Schola? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? How many National Institutes of Technology are there? What is the authority over technical education in India? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses? How many public institutes of technology are in Indonesia? How many year Diploma degrees does Politeknik typically offer in Bahasa Indonesia? What was the "Institute of Technology" system formerly referred to as? Who developed separately from the Regional Technical College system? What refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering? How many Politecnici universities were there in the past? Where is the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia headquartered? What is the name of the college that was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What does the Imperial College of Engineering specialize in? Where is Polytechnics located? Who established Polytechnics in 1969? Where is Politeknik Ungku Omar located? How many polytechnics have Malaysia developed? How many students did Malaysia have in 2009? How many students did Malaysia have in 2012? What is the only technical university in Mauritius? What type of focus does the University of Technology have? What country is considered state-owned tertiary institutions? What is the name of the UCOL? In what year are New Zealand polytechnics established? What was the name of the polytechnic sector amalgamated with Massey University? When did Wellington Polytechnic amalgamate with Massey University? What institution amalgamated with Massey University? Where did Hutt Valley Polytechnic amalgamate with UCOL? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? What grade standardized exams are students admitted to the Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan? What is the main purpose of the Polytechnic Institutes? How many years does the Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan offer a diploma? What is a lateral entry to engineering degree courses? What is the name of the Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences? What is a main kind of technical university name in Poland? What were the short-cycle degrees known as? What was the name of the process in 2007 that allowed the university to offer 2nd cycle degrees to its students? What is the name of a centralized institute? How many polytechnics are there in Singapore? How many years do polytechnics offer? Who established the Banská Akadémia? When was the Banská Akadémia founded? What types of mining and metallurgy did the Banská Akadémia train? In what year did teaching begin in the Banská Akadémia? What are university buildings used for? What is the term forpolytechnics? In what year were Technikons given the power to award certain technology degrees? In what year did former Technikons become Universities of Technology? Where were most of Thailand's institutes of technology developed? What did most of Thailand's technical colleges not grant in the past? What is an example of a university level institution that can grant degrees to the doctoral level? What is the name of theThonburi Technology Institute? What was the former name of the Rajamangala University of Technology? What is the name of the engineering school of Thammasat University? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand? When was Suranaree University of Technology established? What is the most well known private technological institute in Thailand? What was the name of the technical university that was founded in Bursa in 2010? How many technical universities is Bursa Technical University? Where were 2 technical universities opened in the 1950s? In what year did UK Polytechnics operate under the binary system of education? Who validated Polytechnics' degrees at the national level? What were the comparable institutions in Scotland collectively referred to as? What was the name of Britain's first Polytechnic? How many "Institutes of Science and Technology" were there? What was the name of Loughborough University? In what decade did colleges of technology become universities? What act allowed Polytechnics to confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization? The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 meant that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of what organization? What have some technical institutes been designated if they are associated with a local university? In what century were "technical schools" formed? What type of school did "technical school" provide further education between? When was the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? What is one of the most famous universities in the world? What type of economy was technical education considered essential for? When were institutes of technology developed in Venezuela? Where was the first IUT created? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie" system? The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of what? What is the name of the organization that created the Wayback Machine? Where is the Internet Archive located? Who created the Wayback Machine? The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet called what? What is the name of the Linux nodes? When does the Linux nodes archive a new version of a site? What is the purpose of the Linux nodes? What is the name of the animated cartoon series? Who used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" to witness, participate in, and, more often, alter famous events in history? What time machine did Peabody and Sherman use to witness, participate in, and, more often, alter famous events in history? In what year did Brewster Kahle develop software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages? What does not include all the information available on the Internet? What do "crawlers" respect for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results? What is the name of the software developed by the Internet Archive? What kind of tape had information been kept on for five years? Who did Kahle allow to tap into the clunky database? How long did the archive reach? Where was the archive opened to the public? What become available more than six months after they are archived? How long do snapshots usually take after they are archived? What is the frequency of snapshots? When did sites need to be listed on the Open Directory? Who wrote the Internet Archive in November 2010? When was the Internet Archive founded? How many petabytes of data did the Wayback Machine contain in 2009? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine in 2003? Where is the data stored? Who manufactured the PetaBox rack systems? When did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? Where did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to in 2009? Where is the Sun Modular Datacenter located? In what year was a new version of the Wayback Machine made available for public testing? In what year did the Wayback Machine forum say that the beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? In what year did the Wayback Machine only have a little bit of material? When did the Beta of the new Wayback Machine have a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? What feature allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL? When was the "Save a Page" feature announced? What was the name of the case in which Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file? What company did Netbula, LLC v. in 2009? What did Chordiant compel Netbula to disable on its web site? What did Netbula object to the motion to subpoenaed for the pages directly? Who filed a sworn statement supporting Internet Archive's motion? Who rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily? Where was Howard Lloyd located? Who did Howard Lloyd allow Netbula to retrieve the archived pages that they sought? What is Telewizja Polska the provider of? Telewizja Polska operates what network? Who rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay? Who was the trial judge of Telewizja Polska? When are date stamps used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art? What does the European Patent Office provide as evidence of when a Web page was accessible to the public? What type of limitations are there to archiving a web site? What can cause errors in archiving a web site? What does the Wayback Machine not fill out? What type of databases do the Wayback Machine not include in their archives? What could the Wayback Machine be interpreted as violating in Europe? What would the Archive have to do on request of the creator of the Wayback Machine? Where can the exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine be found? What did the Internet Archive remove from the Wayback Machine? Who did the Internet Archive request to remove Scientology from the Wayback Machine? What church did lawyers from in 2002 want to remove Scientology from the Wayback Machine? Who defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Wayback Machine? Who amended their complaint to include the Internet Archive? What did Healthcare Advocates change their complaint to include? What did Healthcare Advocates accuse the Internet Archive of violating? What type of protocol is Robots Exclusion Standard? What is the name of the voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What is the name of the voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What is the name of the web site that is not interested in preserving or offering access to Web sites? Who sued Internet Archive in 2005 for archiving profane-justice.org? What was the name of Shell's web site? What district did Suzanne Shell file a declaratory judgment action for? What district did Suzanne Shell file a lawsuit demanding that Internet Archive pay her $100,000 for archiving her web site? When did Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell settle their lawsuit? What company sued the Internet Archive in 2007? Who filed a lawsuit against the Internet Archive? What did a pornographic actor send to the Archive in 2013-14? In what court did a pornographic actor send multiple DMCA requests to the Archive? What are the other names of the Dutch Republic? When was the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands existing? What two countries did the Dutch Republic precede? What were the Low Countries compared to in the 16th century? What county was under the Kingdom of France? Where did most of the Low Countries come under the rule of? Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction? In what year did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II? Why did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II? In what year did a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? Who signed the Union of Utrecht in 1579? What was the name of the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II? When was the Act of Abjuration signed? What did the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? When did the duke attempt to take Antwerp? When was William of Orange assassinated? Who declined the offer of sovereignty after the assassination of William of Orange? When did the provinces become a confederacy? When was the Batavian Republic created? Where did the republican forces flee to? What was the name of the Republic of the United Provinces? When did the Netherlands regain independence from France? What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? What two countries rejoined the Netherlands in 1815 to become the Kingdom of the Netherlands? When did the Dutch Republic dominate world trade? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? When was the Dutch East India Company founded? What is the oldest stock exchange in the world? How many different cities did the first stock exchange go public in? What is the oldest stock exchange in the world? When did the Dutch have one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Where did the Dutch trade from? What did the Dutch allow for their varied conquests? How many provinces were in the republic? Who governed the Generality Lands? What was the Staten-Generaal in Dutch? What was the name of the eighth province? Why was the County of Drenthe exempt from paying federal taxes? What was the main executive official? Who commanded the army? Who commanded the army? The stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to what? Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces? Who had the same stadtholder as Holland? Who supported the stadtholders? Who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure? After what war were several border territories assigned to the United Provinces? What were the border territories assigned to the United Provinces? What were the Generality Lands? Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company? What provinces initiated shipping expeditions? Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? Who influenced the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? What is the American Declaration of Independence similar to? When were Holland and Zeeland granted the right to accept only one religion? What did the Union say every person should be free in the choice of? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What was forbidden in the Union of Utrecht in 1579? What was the name of the church that allowed people to hold public office? The extent to which different religions were persecuted depended much on what? What could people opening their homes to services be in Leiden? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What is the main topic of controversy in the Reformed Church? What is the term for the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism? Who was responsible for the banning of the Remonstrant faith? When did the situation change from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions? How long did the persecution of religious services take place? What language does Symbiosis originate from? Where did Albert Bernhard Frank use the word symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship? What language was Heinrich Anton de Bary? How long have scientists debated the definition of symbiosis? What are some symbiotic relationships? What are some symbionts that cannot live on their own? What are fungal and photosynthetic symbionts? What is another name for ectosymbiosis? What is symbiosis in which organisms are not in union called? What is another term for symbiotic relationships? What do bacterial endosymbionts provide essential nutrients to? What is the name of the actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in alder tree root nodules? What is a single-celled algae in reef-building corals? What type of ectosymbionts attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales? What is an example of an ectoparasite? What is another term for ectosymbiosis? What is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit? What type of interactions can be considered symbiotic? What type of gut flora does a large percentage of herbivores have? What is the result of mutualisms between coral organisms? What do mutualisms between plants do? What type of fungi helps in extracting water and minerals from the ground? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What protects the clownfish from the stinging tentacles? What is an example of the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones? What is the name of the fish that sometimes lives together with a shrimp? What does the goby fish touch the shrimp with to warn it? What type of symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs? When were siboglinid tube worms discovered? What does the siboglinid tube worm use its internal symbionts for? Where were worms discovered in the late 1980s? What does the host cell lack during mutualistic symbioses? What type of cells does the host produce in order to regulate the growing population of the endosymbionts? What does heredity mean? What is the biggest change in the endosymbiont? What is the incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype? What could have caused the accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria? What medieval word does Commensalism originate from? What describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped? What is the term for housing? What is a metabiosis? What is another term for transportation? What is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed? What is the term for parasites that kill their host? What is another term for necrotrophic symbiosis? How many animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected? What are the two types of amensalism? What is one type of amensalism? What does Juglans nigra secret? What is the name of the genus Timarcha? What type of shrub do the weevils of the genus Timarcha feed on? What is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other? What is a rare type of symbiosis? What does symbiosis cause? What type of symbiosis does evolution select against? What is the purpose of stinging a prey? What is believed to have resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria? What are eukaryotes? What is Lynn Margulis famous for her work on? Who is the biologist who claims that evolution is based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms? What role did Symbiosis play in the co-evolution of flowering plants? What did some plants develop in the fossil record? What is the relationship between plants and insects? What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the unified armed force of Canada? Who is the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? How many sub-components does the Reserve Force have? What act allows the Canadian Armed Forces to be separated from the Department of National Defence? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? Who leads the Canadian Armed Forces? Who assists the Chief of the Defence Staff? During what war was the focus of Canadian defence policy contributing to the security of Europe? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? What organization has moved much of its defence focus out of area? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in since the end of the Cold War? Where has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations since 2002? When did the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations in Afghanistan? Why has the North Atlantic Treaty Organization moved much of its defence focus? What is the Canadian defence policy based on? When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? How many missions does the Canadian military carry out in Canada? Where is the Canada First Defence Strategy based? What do the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? Who is the System of Cooperation Among? What type of training does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What kind of efforts do the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? When was the Confederation? What forces did residents of Canada serve as regular members of prior to Confederation? What was the name of the group that aided Canadians in the defence of their territories? In what war did the Canadians help defend their territories? What did the militia units assist in the defence of British North America? Who was responsible for the military command? Where was the commander-in-chief for North America stationed? When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? What departments were the Royal Canadian Air Force organized under? When was the Canadian Army referred to as the Canadian Army? When did the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occur? What command did Canadian troops serve under during the Second Boer War? When did the United Kingdom enter into conflict with Germany? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its forces into? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its forces into? How many operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947? How many international operations have Canadian military units completed since 1947? What wars did Canada participate in? What is the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya? What did Canada maintain from 1957 to 1970? What is the name of the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and the Battle of Medak Pocket? What is the main cause of the Battle of the Atlantic? What is the name of the Battle of Vimy Ridge that is particularly notable to the Canadian military? Where is the Battle of Medak Pocket located? What did Canada have at the end of the Second World War? What country was Canada thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world? What country was the first to have the largest navy in the world? When did the current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces begin? What were the Canadian Armed Forces merged into a unified structure? Who controlled the Air Force until 1931? When did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom? In what war did the Canadian Corps sacrifice? What was the name of the Canadian Armed Forces after the 1980s? When did the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to "Canadian Forces"? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to after the 1980s? What is the name of the Canadian Forces deployed in Afghanistan? When were the Canadian Forces deployed in Afghanistan? What is the name of the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? Who requested the deployment of the Canadian Forces? What type of operations have the Canadian Forces been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011? How much are the Armed Forces funded annually? What is the size of the Armed Forces? What is the total force of the Armed Forces? By what year is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000? What is the total strength of the Armed Forces? What was the name of the government of Canada's efforts to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? How did Canada modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What did the CF have a problem with in 2008? What types of equipment has the Canada First Defence Strategy been acquired in 2006? What is the name of the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet? What type of aircraft has been acquired for the Armed Forces? When did the renewal and re-equipment effort begin? What were the roles of women in the CAF in the 1950s? When did the role of women in the CAF begin to expand? What other non-traditional areas of employment did the CAF expand into? What did the Department change to allow women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender? What did Parliament pass in 1978 and 1985? What occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were closed to women? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? Who created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were the trials of combat units called? When were all military occupations open to women? What was the only military occupation open to women in 1989? How much did the introduction of women into the combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool? Who integrated women into all occupations and roles? What type of equipment is designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What types of equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force? What are women provided with for the purchase of brassiere undergarments? What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces? What determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? Who has authorized the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief? What does the Canadian constitution determine that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? Who must sign Orders in Council? What must the monarch and viceroy generally follow? How many Armed Forces personnel are divided into a hierarchy? Who is the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Who appoints the Chief of the Defence Staff as the highest ranking commissioned officer? Where does the Armed Forces Council operate from? Who is on the Armed Forces Council? How many Canadian Forces bases do Canada's Armed forces operate out of? Where is the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School located? Where do officers and non-commissioned members receive basic training? How many warships and submarines are in the Royal Canadian Navy? Where is the Maritime Forces Atlantic located? What is the name of the Naval Reserve Headquarters in Quebec City? What does the RCN participate in? Who oversees the Canadian Army? How many divisions is the Canadian Army administered? What four divisions is the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? How many field-ready brigade groups are in the Regular Force? How many nt of the Army does the Regular Force comp? What type of brigade is co-located with each brigade? A tactical helicopter squadron and what other brigade are co-located with each brigade? Where do Major training and support establishments exist? Who is the commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? Where is the Canadian NORAD Region based? How many wings are in Canada? What type of commander is responsible for the grouping of various squadrons? What are the major air bases in British Columbia? Where are administrative and command and control facilities located? Where is the NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen located? What is a Canadian component of the NATO? What is the name of the major air bases in the US? What does the JTFN stand for? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force support? What type of squadrons periodically deploy to Canada's airports for short training exercises? What do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to Arctic airports for? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established? What two Commands were merged with the Canadian Joint Operations Command? In what year was the Canadian Joint Operations Command created? What does CANSOFCOM stand for? What does the CANSOFCOM focus on? What does the CANSOFCOM support? Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based? How many Special Operations Aviation Squadrons are based at CFB Petawawa? What is the Information Management Group responsible for? Where is the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group headquartered? What has the CAF Cyber Task Force been tasked with? When did the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announce the establishment of a new organization? Who is the Directorate of Cybernetics? The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to who? The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces? What does the Surgeon General provide to the Canadian Armed Forces? When can the Canadian Armed Forces reserve force be called upon? What is the total reserve force of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents the Primary Reserve at NDHQ? What are the four components that are operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force? What does COATS stand for? How old are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? What are the majority of members of the COATS? What is the name of the group that is not employed part-time? What do the Canadian Rangers do in Canada's arctic and other remote areas? Where do the Canadian Rangers provide surveillance and patrol services? What type of force are the Canadian Rangers? What are the Canadian Rangers used for? What is only suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion? What is the only service dress for CAF members to wear on any occasion? What is the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF after the elimination of base dress? What is authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What does the navy, most army, and some other units have for specific occasions? What is the name of the authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the headdress worn by the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the most widely worn headgear? What helmet does the Canadian Army wear? What gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence? In what year was the amount allocated for defence spending augmented? Who reserved the right of electing the pope in 1059? What was each of the cardinals assigned in the 12th century? What term was applied to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? When was the term cardinal applied to the priests of the tituli? The term cardinal was applied to the priests of what diocese of Rome? What is the Latin word for "hinge"? What church retains an instance of the origin of the term cardinal? What were the first persons to be called cardinals in Rome? In what century did the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy? In what year was a synod created? Who was the pontificate of 1059? Who was given the right to elect the pope during the pontificate of Nicholas II? When did Pope Innocent IV grant Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? Who granted Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? What name was applied to certain church men as a mark of honour in cities other than Rome? When did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? When was the name cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome? Who sent the letter to Pippin III? When did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? Who reserved the title to the cardinals of Rome in 1567? When was the name cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who led the Ecumenical Council of Trent? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who led the Ecumenical Council of Trent? Which temporal rulers reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements? In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in what? Who was the ruler of France? Who was the ruler of France? Who was the only example of a cardinal-king? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit to? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit to? Who was the pontificate of Pope Sixtus V? How many cardinal electors did Pope Paul VI set at the start of 1971? What is the age of cardinals that Pope Paul VI has sometimes brought to more than 120? How many cardinal electors did Pope Paul VI set at the start of 1971? What did Paul VI set no limit on at the start of 1971? What does each cardinal take on a titular church? Who receives the titular bishopric of Ostia? What does the Dean of the College of Cardinals receive? When did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What did Pope Urban VIII decree that their secular rank would equate to? Who did the Pope Urban VIII decree that their secular rank would equate to Prince? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What does the Archdiocese of Milwaukee say the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally called? How do the Cardinals sign in accordance with tradition? What do Oriental Patriarchs customarily use as their full title? Why do Oriental Patriarchs customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope? What is the first name for a new pope in Latin? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? How many sees carries an actual right to the cardinalate? What does no see carry an actual right to? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What are Cardinal bishops? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? How was the person elected for centuries? Why was the rite of consecrating a bishop performed by someone who was already a bishop? What is the rule that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop? What is the rule that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When was Velletri united with Ostia? Who separated Ostia from Velletri? What are the seven suburbicarian sees? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator in Ostia? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator? What are the cardinals of the Church collectively known as? Who is competent to judge Cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? What does the pope give each newly appointed cardinal to symbolize their bond with the papacy? Who gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring to symbolize their bond with the papacy? What was the name of the wide-brimmed hat that the pope would bestow upon him? When was the galero discontinued? What is the name of the galero that the pope discontinued in 1969? Who continues to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition? What does the blood-like red symbolize? What is always white? What is the reason that a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo? When did a cardinal wear a violet or blue cape? What happens if a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? Who reigned in the Western Schism? What were clerics allowed to do? When was the Code of Canon Law promulgated? What did Pope Benedict XV do with the revision of the Code of Canon Law? What does a cardinal cannot do? In what year were prominent priests not ordained bishops? When was it possible for someone who was not a priest to become a cardinal? When did Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? What is the purpose of the Cardinal Camerlengo? Who is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals? Where does the cardinal protodeacon announcing a new pope's election and name? Who chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony? What type of mitre can cardinal deacons be recognized by the dalmatics? How many cardinals of the order of deacons were there in 2005? How long have Cardinal deacons been cardinal deacons? How many Cardinals were Italian in 1939? What was the number of Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order by 1994? What did Cardinal deacons originate from? What are the lowest-ranking cardinals? What is the name of the cardinal protopriest? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who approves the election of the College of Cardinals? What do Patriarch cardinals not receive title of? Cardinal priests rank above what three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? Cardinal priests rank below what? What are the most numerous orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? What were the important priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome recognized as the cardinal priests? What does every cardinal priest have? In what year did the College expand? How many cardinal priests did Pope Sixtus V fix the maximum size of the College? Who abolished the limit? What are the Iranian languages? Iranic languages form a branch of what language family? What are the Indo-Iranian languages a branch of? When are Iranian peoples grouped in three stages? What is a language of Sassanid Iran? How many Iranian languages are there? The term Iranian is applied to any language that descends from what language? What are the two origins of the word Arya? When was the term Irano-Aryan introduced? Who introduced the term Irano-Aryan in 1836? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? When did Robert Needham Cust use the term Irano-Aryan? What is the name of the common ancestor of Iran? Where are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated? What is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? When was the Andronovo culture suggested for the common Indo-Iranian culture? What family did Thracian and Balto-Slavic belong to? Where did the Iranian tribes settle? What must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages? How many Iranian languages have survived? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? When was the Behistun inscription composed? When was the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian? What are the other directly attested Old Iranian dialects? What is the name of the Avesta? The Old Avestan dialect is roughly the same stage of development as what? What is the linguistic stage of Younger Avestan? What is Carduchi's predecessor to? What did Herodotus call Old Persian? What groups of Iranian peoples may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples? What is another name for Avestan? What is the name of the Iranian language that is grouped in western and eastern branches? What are the palatal consonants of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series? What are the Proto-Indo-Iranian palatal consonants? In what languages is it possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates? What are the consonant clusters? What is a common intermediate stage of reconstructing depalatalized affricates? What were already in existence during this period? What subgroup of Scythian is considered to be the hypothethical ancestor languages? What is the name of the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian? When did the "Middle Iranian" era begin? What are the two main groups of Middle Iranian languages? What category does Old Ossetic fall under? What was the Eastern group's languages similar to? What type of alphabets were the Eastern groups inscribed in? What script was used to write Bactrian? What is the name of the official language used by the Sasanian dynasty in Iran? When was Middle Persian used? What two languages were used as literary languages by the Manichaeans? What script did the Manichaeans write in? What was the name of the Conquest of Persia? What was the official language of the court called? What dynasty was the first to adopt the new language? When did the Saffarid dynasty officially adopt the new language? What was the name of the eastern province of Middle Iranian? What did the Islamic conquest bring with it the adoption of for writing Persian? When did the Arabic script begin to be used in modern Persian? What script was first Latinised in the 1920s? When was the Tajik script subsequently Cyrillicized? Who subsequently Cyrillicized the Tajik script? What is another name for Western Iran? What Iranian languages were displacing in parts of Central Asia? When did the Proto-Slavic population take over the Scythian languages? Where does Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survive? What is the sole remnant of the Scythian languages of the Caucasus? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What kind of psychological effect does lighting have on occupants? What does artificial lighting represent in buildings? What type of lighting is used to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What kind of psychological effect does lighting have on occupants? What does artificial lighting represent in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is a key part of interior design? What is usually accomplished using light fixtures? What is usually accomplished using light fixtures? What is a key part of interior design? What is usually accomplished using light fixtures? When was fluorescent lighting first available? What is the term for "pot lights" in Canada? When was fire kindled in the caves of Peking Man? What were oily animals used as lamps after being threaded with a wick? What was the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area? How long ago were Hundreds of lamps found in the Lascaux caves? What type of bulb was powered by electricity? When was gas lighting economical enough to power street lights in major cities? What did street lights reduce in developed countries? What type of fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions? What is one of the most important functions of lighting fixtures? What is the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy usually measured in? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What bulb has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin? What color color does high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What type of lamp has more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What is the distribution of the light produced by the fixture? Who invented track lighting? What feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What is a modified version of track lighting? What does a master transformer feed all of the fixtures on the track or rod with? What is an uplight intended for ambient lighting? What is the most common fixture in many homes and offices? What is the desk lamp considered to be? In what type of nightclub could accent lighting be considered general lighting? What was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s? What type of lighting would be used in a dark nightclub? What type of lights are usually marked in a movie theater? What type of lamps are being replaced with in a movie theater? What is a track or a low voltage lamp? What is used to light roadways and walkways at night? What are some manufacturers designing to provide an energy-efficient alternative to street light fixtures? What can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours? What type of lighting can be used along roadways in urban areas? What can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What color are tail and brake lights? What type of headlamps are placed in the front of a vehicle? When did some automakers begin to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers? What color does the rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear? What are flashing on the front, side, and rear of a vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction? What is the term for a lamp that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? What does a light fixture convert into electromagnetic radiation? How many att incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens? How many lumens does a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produce? What is lighting design as it applies to the built environment known as? What is 'architectural lighting design'? What software can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? What type of data is used to provide an acceptable lighting design? What does Artificial lighting take into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What type of paint absorbs light? What type of paint does the opposite? What are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated? What are the tools used by a stage lighting designer to produce the desired effects? Motion picture and television production use many of the same tools and methods of what? What is the basic SI unit of measurement? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the CGS unit of luminance? Where is the amount of useful light emitted from a source measured? What is a standardized model of human visual brightness perception? What is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measured in? What is one of the most well-known methods of measurement? What does CTC stand for? What is an indication of the light source's ability to make objects appear natural? What is an indication of the light source's ability to make objects appear natural? What is the correlated color temperature? What does GAI stand for? What is the gamut area index? What is the gamut area index? What dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment? What is a personal circadian light meter called? What is the Daysimeter? How many days can the Daysimeter gather data? What type of light stimulates the circadian system? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? What type of system reduces energy usage and cost? ZigBee provides benefits like easier installation and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems? What is another name for wireless mesh open standards? What is the need to run control wires? What can control lighting when someone is within the area being scanned? What do passive infrared sensors react to? What are the best applications for passive infrared occupancy sensors? What is the effect of occupancy sensors on lighting? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Why are daylighting schemes popular among most buildings? What are light emitting diodes? What principles can be used to control the light emission of LEDs? What can cause headache frequency, stress, and increased blood pressure to be induced by? What disease can a lighting system help relieve? How many hours is the human circadian system entrained to? What does a 24-hour light-dark pattern do when they are disrupted? Who documented the study in 1972 and 1981? How many evaluative comments did nurses have in rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light? How many evaluative comments did nurses have in rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light? Where did Alison Jing Xu work? What university did Alison Jing Xu belong to? Who devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? In what year was kerosene distilled from petroleum? What method was used for lighting since the 1820s? What is the term for CFLs? Why do CFLs need a little time to 'warm up' and reach full brightness? What percentage of power does LED lamps use? How many hours is the lifetime of LED lamps? How long is the lifetime of LED lamps? What percentage of energy saving halogen lamps do compact fluorescent lamps use? What is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings? What creates safety issues around buildings? What can be used if natural light is not present? What is a critical part of the battlefield conditions? What type of cameras have increased use of night vision? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What have eliminated this need for the most part? What is the CIE? Who publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments? What are the names of the organizations that the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments? What does photometric data define? What is the name of the organization that focuses on the advancement of lighting design education? What does PLDA stand for? What was the PLDA formerly known as? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What does NCQLP stand for? What is the abbreviation for the Lighting Certification Examination? What are the three national (U.S.) examinations? What is the name of the trade organisation that represents the 500+ individual and corporate members? In what country is the Professional Lighting And Sound Association based? How many individual and corporate members are represented by the Professional Lighting and Sound Association? What does the RoHS stand for? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu? How many separate branches of government did Montesquieu urge to have? What did the idea of separation of powers influence? What is the United States form of separation of powers associated with? What was the idea of separation of powers called? Who advocated the principle in their writings during the Age of Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who influenced Montesquieu's opinions during the Age of Enlightenment? Who advocated the principle in their writings during the Age of Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? In what country was the Westminster system based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government? What was the UK Westminster system based on? What did Maryland, North Carolina, and Georgia keep the branches of government in the 18th century? In what country did strict separation of powers not operate? What was the name of the President of Delaware? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year did the Supreme Court rule that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? What doctrine does Congress have the sole power to legislate for the United States? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year did the Supreme Court rule that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? When was Wayman v. Southard? Who conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function? Who did Congress unconstitutionally clothe with legislative powers? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? Who conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What did the Supreme Court create in the 1930s? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What was the name of the case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration? Who is the Commander in Chief of? Who has power to make appointments to office with the Advice and Consent of? How can Congress terminate appointments? What type of oversight do the War Claims Commission, Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission have? What type of power is vested in the President? Who vested executive power? How can Congress terminate appointments? Who does the Constitution empower the president to ensure the faithful execution of laws made by? What does Congress often write legislation to restrain executive officials to? In what v. Chadha was the Supreme Court deciding on the prescription for legislative action? When was INS v. Chadha? How much of the Senate and House is required to repasse legislative action? What type of power is vested in the Supreme Court? Who is responsible for the appointment of judges in the Supreme Court? Who is the president of the Supreme Court? What are courts exercising the judicial power called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in the Supreme Court? Who is responsible for the appointment of judges in the Supreme Court? Who is the president of the Supreme Court? What type of courts do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions? Legislative courts may not exercise what? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States? Who is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se? Who requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote? Who checks both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review? In what case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for judicial review? What is the only court that may determine constitutionality? Who has the power to review the constitutionality of laws? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial? Who wrote that it is not possible to give each department an equal power of self-defense? Where did James Madison write about the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others? Who was the president of the United States in a see-saw struggle? How many bills did George Washington only veto? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto? Who was the seventh President to use the veto as a political weapon? How many vetoes did Congress override? What did Congress pass to curb the power of the presidency? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who did Congress grant sweeping authority during the Great Depression? Who granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority? What did Nixon use as a basis for his expansion of power? What is argued to apply to the Judicial branch as well as the other branches? Who delegates matters to the Supreme Court? What is an example of the second view at the State level? What is an example of the second view at the State level? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art? What is the Latin word for architecture? What is the name of the Latin architectura? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art? What are historical civilizations often identified with? What language is the Latin architectura from? What are the Greek arkhitekton "architect" from? What is architecture the product of planning, designing, and constructing? What are architectural works often perceived as? What are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who was the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? In what century did Vitruvius write De architectura? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas commonly known by the original translation? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who was the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? What was the earliest written work on the subject of De architectura? What three principles should a good building satisfy? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas commonly known by the original translation? When was the notion of style in the arts developed? Who wrote the concept of style in the arts? In what languages were the Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects translated? Who should strive to fulfill each of the three attributes? Who wrote the treatise, De Re Aedificatoria? What did Alberti see beauty as a matter of? What was the idealised human figure? When was the notion of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Contrasts? When did Pugin write Contrasts? What wrote Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin in 1836? When did Pugin write Contrasts? What did Pugin contrast with in 1836? What type of architecture did Pugin believe was the only Christian form of architecture? Who was the 19th century English art critic? Who was the 19th century English art critic? What was John Ruskin's view of architecture? When was the Seven Lamps of Architecture published? What did Ruskin say the sight of men contribute to? What does Ruskin say a building is a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What did Ruskin believe was of overriding significance? What does Ruskin say a building is not truly a work of architecture? What did Ruskin need for a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building? In what century was Le Corbusier a renowned architect? Who wrote about the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction? What is the name of the architect Le Corbusier? In what century was Le Corbusier a renowned architect? What heart does Le Corbusier touch? What did Le Corbusier say you do? What was the term used to describe all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What criteria did "Function" encompass? Whose concept of "utility" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What was "Function" seen as encompassing? What was the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality met with? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects? What is one of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? When was a new concept added to the compass of both structure and function? What was the new concept added to the late 20th century? What type of building should be constructed in a manner that is friendly in terms of production of its materials? What is the demands that a building makes upon for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting? What are the two types of needs that first evolved out of the dynamics between needs and means? What began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices? What did building become as a result of oral traditions and practices? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What is another term for means? What makes up most of the built world that people experience every day? Why were early human settlements mostly rural? What is widely assumed that architectural success was the result of a process of? What is the term for architecture that continues to be produced in many parts of the world? What type of settlements were early human settlements mostly? What resulted in the expansion of vernacular architecture? How did urban areas evolve in some cases? Which ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? Which ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What did architecture and urbanism reflect the constant engagement with in many ancient civilizations? What did monumentality represent in ancient civilizations? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? What country was the Kao Gong Ji from? When did the Kao Gong Ji of China begin? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture in Sri Lanka? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? What type of religion led to architectural forms that were designed to enhance the natural landscape? What type of architecture showed great regional diversity? When did Hindu temple architecture develop? What is Hindu temple architecture concerned with? Where is Hindu temple architecture governed by concepts? What type of architecture was developed in the 3rd century BCE? What type of religion led to architectural forms that were designed to enhance the natural landscape? What did the pointed arch influence in the Medieval period? When did Islamic architecture begin? Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the Middle East and what other area? What needs did Islamic architecture develop features to suit in the 7th century CE? What was used to influence European architecture of the Medieval period? What were the major architectural undertakings? What were the major architectural undertakings? What movements carried architectural knowledge across Europe from 900 CE onwards? What type of style was Romanesque and Gothic? What style of architecture did the clerics and tradesmen carry across Europe? When did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? When did Renaissance Europe begin? When did Renaissance Europe begin? In what country did the Renaissance Humanism take place? In what period did the Renaissance Humanism take place? What did Renaissance Humanism emphasis on? What was there no dividing line between? What types of considerations does architecture have to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience? What does architecture have to do with planning and designing to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations? What does the practice of Architecture encompass? Who said architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming it will promote social development? What does Nunzia Rondanini say architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences? What can architecture stimulate and influence without presuming it will promote social development? What can architecture promote in and of itself? What did Nunzia Rondanini say architecture goes beyond? What is the purpose of restricting formalism to? What can be a purposeless quest that degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What type of alism is a purposeless quest for perfection or originality that degrades form into a mere instrumentality? The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolved from what? What did the Classical civilizations develop from civic ideals? The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolved from civic ideals rather than what? What type of architecture was developed in the form of the Classical orders? Since what time have texts on architecture been written? What are canons? What did the texts on architecture provide general advice and specific formal prescriptions? What century was Vitruvius a Roman Architect? What are some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? What was formed in Europe during the Medieval period? What has survived in Europe in relation to ecclesiastical buildings? What type of buildings have written contracts survived in Europe during the Medieval period? What is another name for master mason? What did science and engineering affect? The level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of what? What did the "gentleman architect" focus on in the 19th century? What did the architect concentrate on? What was the name of the architect that mainly dealt with wealthy clients? What did formal architectural training give much emphasis to? Where did effective architects receive their training? What did the Industrial Revolution open the door for? What was a criterion for the middle class for aesthetics? What became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products became cheaper under machine production? In what journals were house builders able to combine features in their work? What could house builders use in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals? When was the Bauhaus school founded? What type of architecture was the Bauhaus school founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919? When was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? What was the purpose of the Deutscher Werkbund? What school redefined the architectural bounds prior to history? What type of movement was modern architecture first practiced? What were the needs of modernist architects after World War I? What did modernist architects reject the academic refinement of historical styles? What type of details did modernist architects remove from buildings? What did modernist architects remove in favor of functionalist details? Who developed Organic architecture? What are the prime examples of Organic architecture? What was the purpose of Organic architecture? What revolution allowed the creation of high-rise superstructures? What type of construction gave birth to high-rise superstructures? Modernism had morphed into what style? What was the name of the World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What did many architects find modernism devoid of? Who were the second generation of architects who tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What were Brutalism facades made of? What generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience? What is one reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism? What are some examples of metaphoric architecture? What is the primary source of inspiration and design? What type of architecture did others consider the school of metaphoric architecture to be a later development of? When did architectural phenomenology begin? What was the early reaction to architectural phenomenology? What did Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti aim to expand? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What type of building did Robert Venturi uphold? How long has the field of architecture become multi-disciplinary? What can a large structure no longer be the design of? What have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit? What has become a mainstream issue with profound effect on the architectural profession? What has the major shift in architecture changed schools to focus more on? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture in the 1960s? Who's LEED rating system has been instrumental in the development of sustainability? What recent movements promote a sustainable approach towards construction? What does New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture lean against? What does New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture appreciate and develop? What type of architecture does New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture contrast to? The Human Development Index is a composite statistic of what indicators? What is the life expectancy at birth? Who developed the HDI? Who published the HDI? What is the life expectancy at birth? In what year did the Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What does IHDI stand for? What is the actual level of human development? What can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq launch the Development Reports? Who was the Nobel laureate? What did Mahbub ul Haq aim to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq launch the Development Reports? What does LE mean? What is the term for life expectancy at birth? What does EYS mean? What is GNIpc? Who promulgates the formula defining the HDI? When was the 2015 Human Development Report released? In what year did the 2015 Human Development Report calculate HDI values? When was the 2014 Human Development Report released? In what year did the 2014 Human Development Report calculate HDI values? What is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account? What is the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What country has a missing IHDI? What does HDI mean? Why were some countries not included in the 2014 report? What country was not included in the 2014 report? When was the 2013 Human Development Report released? In what year did the 2013 Human Development Report calculate HDI values? What is the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What country has a missing IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? In what year was the Human Development Report released? What country has a missing IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? Why were some countries not included in the 2011 report? What country was not included in the 2011 report? When was the 2010 Human Development Report released? In what year was the Human Development Report released? What are the three basic dimensions of human development? What country has a missing IHDI? Why were some countries not included in the 2010 report? Who lodged a formal protest at Cuba's lack of inclusion? What has Cuba ranked as in recent years? When was the 2009 Human Development Report released? How long did the 2009 Human Development Report cover? What was the 2009 Human Development Report titled? What were the top countries by HDI grouped in a new category? What are the top countries by HDI grouped in a new category? Why were some countries not included? What was the name of the new index released on December 18, 2008? What did the "statistical update" do without? How long did the "statistical update" cover? When was the Human Development Report launched? What was the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? In what year was the Human Development Report launched? In what year was the Human Development Report launched? Where was the Human Development Report launched? What type of countries had a decrease in HDI? What is the HDI below? Where are the 22 countries in the HDI located? What is the rank of the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What is the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What two sub-Saharan countries are ranked 119th and 121st? How many HDIs are considered to represent "high development"? What country was promoted to the "medium development" group? What country was promoted to the "medium development" group? What represents a decrease in ranking? What represents an increase in ranking over the previous study? What represents a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? What country has been ranked the highest twelve times? What country has been ranked highest twice? What does the Human Development Index focus exclusively on? What type of models of development have been criticized on a number of grounds? What perspective does the Human Development Index focus on development? What has the Human Development Index been criticized on a number of grounds? How many sources of data error did the Economists identify? In what year did the UNDP react to the criticism of the HDI? Who wrote a comment about the HDI? How many economies did the UNDP HDI enumerate in 2009? How many countries did the UNDP HDI cover in 2010? What are some definitions of southern Europe also known as? What is another name for Spain and Portugal? What are some definitions of southeast Europe? What is another name for Greece? What are some methods that can be used to define southern Europe? What are the natural features of southern Europe? What is the most emblematic climate in Southern Europe? What regions of Turkey are covered by the Mediterranean climate? What type of climate does the Mediterranean climate present? Where can cooler climates be found in Southern European countries? Which coast of Spain has a wetter Atlantic climate? What type of climate does the north coast of Spain experience? What does Armen Takhtajan recognize Southern Europe's flora? Who recognized the Mediterranean Region? What was the period known as? What was the name of the city-states of Ancient Greece? Who was the empire of Ancient Greece? Where was the Western Roman Empire based? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire based? What type of peoples attacked the Eastern Roman Empire? When did the Western Roman Empire fall? When was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire? What did modern historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages? Who moved into positions of power in the remnants of the Western Roman Empire? What did Germanic peoples establish in Western Europe? What was the period of the Crusaders known as? When was the Sack of Constantinople? Where did the Crusaders open the way for the merchant republics to become major economic powers? What was the name of the movement that reconquered Iberia for Christendom? What empire did the Crusaders end in 1204? What period of upheaval caused demographic catastrophe in Europe? What epidemic caused demographic catastrophe in Europe? Who encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands? When did Constantinople fall? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? Where did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? What did the Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in? What types of knowledge did Arabic texts bring about rediscovery of? What countries did the Reconquista of? When did the Age of Discovery end? What countries did the Treaty of the Pyrenees end? Who invented the telescope and thermometer? Who invented the radio? What led to the Columbian Exchange? What was the name of the colonial empire that led to the rise of colonial empires? What did the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain allow a new economy based on? What was the name of the revolution that allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? When did the Balkan nations regain independence from the Ottoman Empire? What empire did Balkan nations regain independence from? In what year did the capture of Rome end the Papal temporal power? What is a scramble for empires known as? When was World War I? When did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? When did the Big Four impose their terms in a series of treaties? Who came to power in 1933? Who led the Nazi regime in 1933? What country sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? Who led Italy to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? What was the name of the military alliance in the Soviet sphere of influence? What was the name of the EU that involved the division of powers? What did the EU charge of? When did the Soviets end communism in the satellite countries? When did the Soviet Union dissolve? In what year did Croatia become a major industrialized country? What is the most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe? Where is Italian spoken by over 50 million people? Where is Catalan spoken? What is the most common romance language in southern Europe? How many people speak Spanish? What type of languages are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus? Where are the Hellenic languages widely spoken? What language is spoken in Macedonia? What language is spoken in Bulgaria? Where is Slovene spoken? What language is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? Along with Gibraltar, what language has only a small presence in Southern Europe? What language is Malta secondary to? What is the official language of Malta? What type of language is Maltese? Where is the Basque Country located? What is the predominant religion in southern Europe? When was Christianity adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire? What religion are Christians in the western half of Southern Europe generally? What are Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe generally? What classification does the United Nations Organization group countries under? What is the purpose of the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings? What is Southern Europe grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations? What does the European Travel Commission divide the European region on the basis of? Who divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the term for the British Broadcasting Corporation? In what year has BBC Television produced television programmes from its own? When did BBC Television start its regular service of television broadcasts? In what country has the British Broadcasting Corporation operated? What percentage of all UK viewings are domestic TV BBC television channels? What does the BBC rank as one of the world's largest? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? Where did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? On what date did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird broadcasts via the BBC begin? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? Where did the BBC begin its regular television programming? Who carried the 30-line images to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park? What type of broadcasts were obsolete by time advances in all-electronic television systems? Where did the BBC move to in 1934? When did the BBC begin its regular television programming? What was the name of the converted wing of the BBC in 1936? On what band is the BBC now broadcasting? How many -line Baird intermediate film systems did the BBC use? What was the name of the 240-line Baird intermediate film system? When did the BBC broadcast from 15:00 to 16:00? How long did the Baird system run? What type of cameras did the Baird system use for live programming? On what date did the closedown of the Baird system end? How far away was the Alexandra Palace transmitter? In what year was the Alexandra Palace transmitter picked up? What company picked up a British television set in 1938? What did engineers at RCA in New York experiment with in 1938? Where was a regular schedule of broadcasts transmitted from? When was BBC One broadcast? What was the first broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? Who was coronated in 1937? When was the BBC Television Service suspended? What was the government concerned would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London? What was the name of the TV service's technical staff and engineers needed for the war effort? What was the last Mickey Mouse cartoon transmitted? When was broadcasting suspended? How many television sets were manufactured from 1936 to September 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? On what date did BBC Television return? What was the name of the newly acquired studio in the 1950s? What cartoon was repeated twenty minutes later? Where was postwar broadcast coverage extended to in 1949? What station was opened to Birmingham in 1949? What image was transmitted on VHF by the mid-1950s? Where was the 405-line interlaced image transmitted? What was the BBC Television Service renamed in 1960? Who did the BBC Television Service compete with to become the channel with the highest ratings for the week? What was the name of the science fiction show that was introduced on November 23, 1963? Where did television transmissions resume in 1946? What was the name of the third television station for the UK? What was the name of the third television station for the UK? What caused BBC2 to be put off the air? What was the cause of the fire in 1964? Who hosted the launch of BBC2? What was the name of the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour? When did ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously? BBC Two does not have what type of programming? Who was the first controller to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series? What did Sir David Attenborough commission? In what year did the Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One? When did the BBC stop airing the famous cartoon duo? How many episodes of Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening at 17:00? Where did the Tom and Jerry cartoons begin? Who did Attenborough work with? When did the BBC Natural History Unit exist? What are some of Attenborough's programmes? How many regions of England's BBC One output is split up into? What other countries have been granted more autonomy from the English network? Who introduces BBC One and BBC Two? What is one of the programmes of local importance in the BBC One and BBC Two? What is the politically fuelled programme produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What is the name of the soap opera produced by BBC Scotland? What language does BBC Scotland produce daily programmes for? What are some of BBC Scotland's daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers? What is the name of BBC Northern Ireland's talk show? How much of its output does the BBC need to source? What is a notable example of a programme imported from the United States? What is the name of the country that the BBC has imported programmes from? What is Ceefax? When was Ceefax introduced? What is the name of the new teletext service that has been replaced by CEEFAX? When did the BBC announce it would transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? What satellite did the BBC intend to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from? On what date did the BBC decide to transmit all of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? How much was the BBC estimated to save over the next five years? What part of the world were viewers able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over? Who have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out? On what platform were broadcasts made unavailable? What were some broadcasts made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What was the name of the event that marked the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What was the name of the television news bulletin produced by the BBC before 1954? What BBC television series won a BAFTA award in 2005? Who was the head of the BBC Television department? What was the name of the new group that was absorbed into the BBC in 2006? What was the result of the new BBC Vision group? In what year did the BBC begin experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK? When were all standard BBC television channels made available to watch online? What is BBC Worldwide's most exported television programme? How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? Who confirmed that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme? How much are the BBC's domestic television channels required to pay? What are the BBC's international television channels funded by? When did the name BBC Vision revert to Television? Who is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? What is BBC Vision responsible for? When did BBC Japan cease operations? When did BBC Japan cease operations? What type of channel did BBC Japan operate between December 2004 and April 2006? When was Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born? Who is Arnold Schwarzenegger? How many terms did Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger serve as the 38th Governor of California? At what age did Schwarzenegger begin weight training? How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Olympia contest? What was Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film? At what age did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Universe title? What was Schwarzenegger's nickname during his acting career? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in? What was Schwarzenegger's position as governor? Who was Schwarzenegger's successor in 2003? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in? In what country was Arnold Alois born? What was Aurelia Schwarzenegger's name? Who was Schwarzenegger's parents? What was Arnold Alois's job? What was the name of Gustav's elder son? What did Schwarzenegger buy when he was younger? What type of coach did Schwarzenegger take his team to a local gym? What did Schwarzenegger do when he started weightlifting? What did Schwarzenegger's father want him to be? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding idol? When did Meinhard die? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's son? What was Gustav's death in 1971? Who was Schwarzenegger's first serious girlfriend? Who interviewed Schwarzenegger in 2004? What title was Schwarzenegger's ticket to America? What contest did Schwarzenegger win? When did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip? Where did Schwarzenegger attend the NABBA Mr. Universe competition? Who did Schwarzenegger meet in 1966? What was Schwarzenegger's focus? How many hours did Schwarzenegger train for? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's health club? When did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the US? At what age did Schwarzenegger move to the United States? Where did Schwarzenegger win his first Mr. Olympia title? Who was Schwarzenegger's weight training partner? Who said that Schwarzenegger was the most famous immigrant in America? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's 1977 autobiography? Where did Schwarzenegger take English classes? What did Schwarzenegger say he was teaching? What did Schwarzenegger say he had been struggling with for the first time in his life? What annual bodybuilding competition commemorates Schwarzenegger? How often did Schwarzenegger write for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex? How much did Muscle & Fitness and Flex donate a year to the Governor's physical fitness initiatives? What was Schwarzenegger's role in the bodybuilding magazines? What was one of the first competitions he won in 1965? How many Mr. Olympia wins did Lee Haney win? How long was Schwarzenegger working out with weights every day? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? When was Schwarzenegger's first attempt? Who did Schwarzenegger lose to in 1969? When did Schwarzenegger come back? What was Schwarzenegger's age? Who did Schwarzenegger beat in 1975? When did Schwarzenegger retire from professional bodybuilding? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1975? What was Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding documentary called? How long did Schwarzenegger have to prepare for the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest? Who appeared in the film Stay Hungry? What was Schwarzenegger's role in the 1980 Mr. Olympia? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have for the Mr. Olympia contest? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have for the Mr. Olympia contest? In what year did Schwarzenegger write that steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet? Who did Schwarzenegger sued in 1999? How much did Schwarzenegger pay for his libel judgment? What tabloid did Schwarzenegger settle with in 1999? What role did Schwarzenegger play in 1970's Hercules? What was Schwarzenegger's nickname? Who directed The Long Goodbye? What was Schwarzenegger's Golden Globe for? What did Schwarzenegger say his body was 'too thick'? When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography? When did Schwarzenegger appear in The Villain? What was Schwarzenegger's title role? What 1979 comedy did Schwarzenegger appear with Ann-Margret? What was the name of the sequel to Conan the Barbarian? When was Conan the Destroyer released? Who starred in The Terminator? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's film? When was The Running Man released? What was the name of the comedy with Danny DeVito? How much did Total Recall net Schwarzenegger? What was the name of the 1992 telemovie that Schwarzenegger directed? What was the name of the TV series that Schwarzenegger directed? What was the highest-grossing film of 1991? Who named Schwarzenegger the "International Star of the Decade"? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's next film? What was the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and Danny DeVito? How much did Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines earn domestically? How tall is the Terminator statue? What is the name of the local cultural association that proposed plans to build a 25-meter tall Terminator statue in a park in central Graz? What film did Schwarzenegger appear in in 2005? What was Schwarzenegger's character later revealed to be? Who did Schwarzenegger co- develop the Governator? What was the name of the World War II action drama that Schwarzenegger wrote in 2011? Who wrote the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles? When did Schwarzenegger announce that all movie projects were being halted? What was Schwarzenegger's first leading role in? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's first co-starring role? What was the name of the fifth Terminator movie that Schwarzenegger starred in in 2015? When did Schwarzenegger appear in the fifth Terminator movie? When was the Republican National Convention? What video did Schwarzenegger appear in in 1985? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? Who did Schwarzenegger accompany at a campaign rally? What did George H. W. Bush call Schwarzenegger? In what year did Schwarzenegger interview Talk magazine? Who claimed that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California? When did Schwarzenegger announce his candidacy? What was the name of the movie "The Running Man"? What percentage of the Yes vote did Gray Davis have in 2003? Who did Schwarzenegger defeat in 2003? How many votes did Schwarzenegger win in 2003? What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger get in 2003? Who was Schwarzenegger the second foreign-born governor of California? Who said he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What sketch did Schwarzenegger use as a catchphrase? When did Schwarzenegger call his election? How many ballot measures did Schwarzenegger support in 2005? Who was Schwarzenegger's Chief of Staff? Who was the California State Treasurer? What city did Gavin Newsom live in? What Senate was Schwarzenegger rumored to run for in 2010? Who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger? Who became Schwarzenegger's heroes? What movie portrayed Schwarzenegger as the president? When did Schwarzenegger become naturalized? What is Schwarzenegger's nationality? Who did Schwarzenegger endorse in 2008? Who did Schwarzenegger endorse in 2008? What was Schwarzenegger's concerns for? What group named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the United States? What was Gray Davis' approval rating in December 2003? What was Gray Davis' approval rating in 2003? What was Schwarzenegger's name? How many women were accused of sexual misconduct in the Los Angeles Times? What newspaper reported allegations of sexual misconduct in the last five days before the election? What did a fifth woman claim Schwarzenegger tried to take off in a hotel elevator? What magazine interviewed Schwarzenegger in 2007? What substance did Schwarzenegger use in the 1977 interview? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? What press event did Anna Richardson claim that Schwarzenegger touched her breast? In what newspaper did Anna Richardson claim that she encouraged Schwarzenegger's behavior? When was the death penalty abolished? Who demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? When did Schwarzenegger sign a bill that created the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? What is the name of the company that is allowed to release into the atmosphere? By what year did Schwarzenegger sign a global warming bill? Who did Schwarzenegger work with in 2006? What has Schwarzenegger installed to heat his home? In what year did Schwarzenegger sign an executive order to allow California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative? What does the Northeast's Greenhouse Gas Initiative plan to reduce? Where was the 2009 SAE World Congress held? What prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office? What newspaper reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president? Where is Michael Dorf located? What did Schwarzenegger write his objectives at the start of the year? By what age was Schwarzenegger a millionaire? Who was Schwarzenegger's fellow bodybuilder? When did Schwarzenegger and Columbu start a bricklaying business? How much did Schwarzenegger buy his first real estate investment venture? What chain of international theme restaurants was Schwarzenegger a founding celebrity investor? When did Schwarzenegger severe his financial ties with the company? What was the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants modeled after? What investment firm does Schwarzenegger own? Where did Schwarzenegger invest in a shopping mall? What is the name of the movie production company that Schwarzenegger owns? Who owns Fitness Publications? What was the name of the restaurant that Schwarzenegger opened in 1992? Where was Schatzi On Main located? What does Schatzi mean? In what year did Schwarzenegger sell his restaurant? When did Schwarzenegger split from his wife? How much did Schwarzenegger spend in 1997? In what year did Baker publish his memoir? What did Schwarzenegger have little understanding of when he met him? What was Schwarzenegger's first date? Who was Schwarzenegger's next paramour? At what event did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did Schwarzenegger have a relationship with Maria Shriver? What was the name of the tv journalist who married John F. Kennedy? Where did Schwarzenegger marry Maria Shriver? How many children does Schwarzenegger have? What is the name of the physical therapist that Schwarzenegger is dating? How long did Shriver and Schwarzenegger end their marriage? What newspaper revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than fourteen years earlier? How many years was Baena employed by the family? Who was Baena's son with Schwarzenegger? In what year did Schwarzenegger buy a new four-bedroom house? What attorney has Schwarzenegger consulted? Who has consulted Bob Kaufman? What did Schwarzenegger's initial petition not include? Who said that she had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver? What type of aortic valve was Schwarzenegger born with? When did Schwarzenegger opt for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's son? What did Schwarzenegger break while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho? Where did Schwarzenegger break his right femur? Where did Schwarzenegger's private jet make an emergency landing? What was Schwarzenegger's official height? Who did Schwarzenegger engage in a light-hearted exchange over their heights? What was Schwarzenegger's height? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? What is the name of the chapter that Schwarzenegger devotes to his extramarital affair? When was Total Recall released? In what year did Schwarzenegger purchase a Humvee? What were the first Humvees sold by Schwarzenegger? In what color was the Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse filmed? What is the size of the Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992? How much did Schwarzenegger say he would convert his Hummers to burn hydrogen? What was the name of the hydrogen refueling plant that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992? What did Schwarzenegger gain to help pay for his first H2H conversion? What does ICG stand for? Where were the Special Olympics held? How many schools does ICG serve? What school is the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy a part of? When was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded? What role does Schwarzenegger serve in the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy? How many kilometers is Plymouth south-west of Exeter? How many miles west-south-west of London is Plymouth? What is the name of the city that joins Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall? What is the south coast of Plymouth? What is the name of the boundary between the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west? Where did the first settlement emerge? What village surpassed Plymouth in 1620? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave Plymouth for the New World? When was Plymouth besieged? What was the name of the second English settlement in the United States of America? What town became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town? In what year did Plymouth become a single County Borough? What was the name of the act that led to the destruction of Plymouth during World War II? In what year did Plymouth become a single County Borough? What is the name of the urban district that was merged to form a single County Borough? How many people live in Plymouth? Where does Plymouth rank as the most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom? How many MPs represent Plymouth? What is the name of Spain's ferry links? What is Plymouth's largest naval base in Western Europe? What is the name of the settlement that is believed to be located in the modern city? Where have artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age been found? What is 'TAMARI OSTIA'? When did the river silted up? What did Sutton mean in Old English? When was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned? Who replaced Sutton in a charter of 1440? What does Plym Mouth mean? When was the Hundred Years' War? Who burned the town in 1403? When was Drake's Fort built? What is the name of the area where the castle protects Plymouth? In what year was an Act of Parliament passed for further fortifying Plymouth? Who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade? Who was the Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593? When did Drake engage the Spanish Armada? When did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? What was the name of the second English colony in the United States of America? Plymouth sided with whom during the English Civil War? How many years was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? Where were the Plymothians defeated? In what year was the Royal Citadel restored? Where did King Charles II imprison many of the Parliamentary heroes? In what century did Plymouth play a small part in the Atlantic slave trade? In what century did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? When did HMNB Devonport open? Where was the first dockyard opened in 1690? How many men were employed in Stoke Damerel in 1712? How many people lived in Plymouth in 1733? Where was the first dockyard built? What was Plymouth's main imports before the latter half of the 18th century? What was Plymouth Dock renamed to in 1824? What was the name of the three Towns conurbation of Plymouth? Who designed the Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth? What was the name of the building that was destroyed by Foulston? Who established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? When did William Cookworthy establish his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture? What was William Cookworthy's profession? Who was William Cookworthy an associate and host of? How long was the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? Who designed the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? When was the Breakwater completed? When did work begin in Plymouth Sound? The Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie to protect the fleet moving in and out of what city? What was one of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe in the 19th century? Where was the dockyard located? Where did the Royal Navy move to during the First World War? What was Devonport an important base for? What was Devonport an important base for escort vessels and repairs? Who operated the Sunderland flying boats? What was Devonport the headquarters of in the First World War? How many raids did the Plymouth Blitz take? How many civilians lost their lives in the Plymouth Blitz? How many houses were destroyed in the Plymouth Blitz? Who planned the redevelopment of Plymouth? How many homes were completed every year between 1951 and 1957? How many new homes were built by 1964? In what year was the Civic Centre constructed? What was the name of Plymouth's civic slab-and-tower set piece? What was the name of Devonport Dockyard's aircraft carriers? When did the army leave Devonport? What is the name of the Commando of the Royal Marines in Devonport? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? When was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth published? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? When did Plymouth become a town? In what year did Plymouth become the first town to be granted a Charter by Parliament? Who was the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? Who was Nancy Astor's constituency? When was Plymouth granted city status? When was Plymouth's first Lord Mayor appointed? What parish was Plymouth's first Lord Mayor appointed in 1928? Where was Michael Foot elected Labour MP in 1945? What role did Michael Foot serve as in the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act? What Act did Michael Foot serve as Secretary of State for Education? Who was Michael Foot elected MP in 1945? Where was Michael Foot born? How many people were in Plymouth in 1971? What paper proposed abolishing county boroughs? What county did Plymouth lobby for? When did Plymouth cease to be a county borough? Who recommended that Plymouth become a unitary authority? What is the name of the Parliament of the United Kingdom? What was the name of the Conservative MP for Sutton and Devonport? What type of MP was Oliver Colvile? What is the name of the constituencies in Plymouth? How many councillors are in the City of Plymouth? How many councils are there in Plymouth? What percentage of Plymouth's council is up for election for three consecutive years? What is the name of the city of Plymouth formally twinned with? In what year was Plymouth City Council twinned? Who granted Plymouth the dignity of Lord Mayor? How many councillors are in Plymouth? What position alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually? Who is the incumbent for 2015-16? What is the name of the Lord Mayor's official residence? Who gave the house to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors? Where is the Civic Centre municipal office building located? When did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building? What was the cost of the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and what river to the west? Plymouth lies between what river to the east and Tamar to the west? The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and what other county? What is the natural harbour of Plymouth? In what year did the unitary authority of Plymouth include the towns of Plympton and Plymstock? What is the name of the smaller estuary to the east of Plymouth? When was Plymouth Breakwater used? What is the name of the Sound that is seen from Plymouth Hoe? How many square miles is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? How many feet above Ordnance Datum is the topography of Plymouth? What is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound formed of? What type of limestone does Plymouth have? What is the bulk of Plymouth built on? Why is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs a Site of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone? What is the north and north east of Plymouth? What is the name of the rock that was brought down from Dartmoor? Where was the middle Devonian limestone belt quarried? What is the name of the band that runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? On what date was the Plan for Plymouth published? Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth to rebuild Plymouth? What is the name of the north-south avenue that links Plymouth's railway station to the vista of Plymouth Hoe? Who developed the 'Vision for Plymouth'? How many parks are in Plymouth? What type of climate does Plymouth have? What is the annual mean temperature of Plymouth? What month has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C? How many European winter storms did Plymouth have? What is the warmest month of the year in Plymouth? What type of rainfall is associated with? When are the Atlantic depressions more vigorous? What is the average annual rainfall in the south-west? When are the highest mean wind speeds? Where does most of the rain fall? How many hours of sunshine does South West England have? What area has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK? What was the site record temperature in 1976? When did the temperature reach 31.6 °C? How many days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C? What was the average temperature in January 1979? When did the coldest day of the year fall to 8.8 °C? How many students does the University of Plymouth enroll in 2014/15? What is the number of studentsenrolled at the University of Plymouth in 2014/15? How many staff does the University of Plymouth employ? What is the annual income of the University of Plymouth? When was the University of Plymouth founded? What is the name of the university that specialises in teacher training? What does the University of St Mark & St John specialise in? What is the name of the Plymouth College of Art? How many students attend the City College Plymouth? How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art started? How many independent colleges are there in Plymouth? How many large colleges are in Plymouth? How many state primary phase schools does Plymouth have? How many state secondary schools does Plymouth have? How many selective state grammar schools does Plymouth have? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What was the name of the university in Southampton? When did the Royal Naval Engineering College close? What was the name of the new college at Manadon? In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close? Where was training transferred to in 1940? What is the name of the association that conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What is the name of Plymouth University's offshoot of the MBA? What is the name of the marine-related organisation in Plymouth? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What was Plymouth's unitary authority area population? What was the population of Plymouth in 2001? How many people were in Plymouth's unitary authority area? What was Plymouth's average household size? What was the largest minority ethnic group in Plymouth? What percentage of Devon's GVA was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was Plymouth's GVA per person? What was the national average of Plymouth? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What percentage of Plymouth's population was poorest in 2014? What was Plymouth's life expectancy for men? What was Plymouth's life expectancy in 2014? What was the life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? How many people are employed in the defence sector? How many people are employed in the defence sector? In what year was the Plymouth Gin Distillery produced? What is the name of the distillery that produces Plymouth Gin? When was the most widely distributed gin produced? What percentage of Plymouth's income does the Dockyard generate? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? How many firms are in Plymouth? How many people are employed in the Tamar Science Park? Which employer has chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? What is the name of the grade II listed building in Plymouth? When was the Pannier Market completed? What is Plymouth's ranking in terms of retail floorspace? What is the name of the building that is located at the foot of the Hoe? How much was the Tinside Pool restored to its 1930s look? What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project? Who launched the "Vision for Plymouth" project? What is the PCC? What is the population of Plymouth? How many dwellings does Plymouth Council build? In what year was the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre demolished? When did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? Where was TR2 built? What was TR2 a runner-up for in 2003? Who said TR2 was ten years out of date? What is the current location of Plymouth City Council's headquarters? What is the name of the building that is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail, and office space alongside the ferry port? What is the name of the canal linking the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to the city centre? What is the name of the A38 dual-carriageway? How many miles away is the M5 motorway? What bridge connects Cornwall and Devon? What is the name of George Junction? What is the name of the bus company that provides regular bus services to Plymouth? Who provides a regular international ferry service from Millbay? What is the name of the ferry service that takes cars and foot passengers directly to France? What is the name of the three ferries that Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay? What is the name of the ferry between the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll and the Tamar Bridge? In what year did the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll operate continuously? What was the name of the city's airport? How many kilometers is Plymouth City Airport? What year did FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the city airport? What airline plans to reopen Plymouth's airport by 2018? When did the Plymouth railway station open? Who manages the Plymouth railway station? What is the name of the small railway station in Plymouth? How many political parties have lobbied that the train services are vital to Plymouth's economy? What network does the Great Western Railway see trains on? On what date was the Exeter to Plymouth railway reopened? How many feet of the sea wall did the LSWR have? When did the LSWR line reopen? In what year was the Exeter to Plymouth railway reopened? How many churches does Plymouth have? When was Plymouth's Roman Catholic cathedral founded? What is Plymouth's oldest church? What is St Andrew's? How many Methodist chapels are in Plymouth? What was the name of the Jew from Plymouth? When was the Plymouth Synagogue built? What is the grade of the Plymouth Synagogue? What is the oldest Synagogue in the English speaking world? What percentage of the population described themselves as at least nominally Christian? What percentage of the population described themselves as Muslim in the 2011 census? What is the percentage of people without a religion? What is the national average of people without a religion? What is the national average of people without a religion? When was Union Street built? Who did Union Street attract to the New Palace Theatre? In what decade were there 30 pubs in the New Palace Theatre? What was the name of the servicemen's playground? What is the name of the annual event held in August? When was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks surpassed? Who surpassed the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? Where was Roy Lowry from? When was the Music of the Night performed in the Royal Citadel? How many capacity is the Theatre Royal? How many capacity does the Drum Theatre have? What does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery allow? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? In what year did the Plymouth Pavilions house a theatre? What is Plymouth's regional television centre? What is the name of the regional station in Plymouth? When did ITV Westcountry close? What is the name of the regional station in Plymouth? What is the name of the main local newspaper in Plymouth? Who plays in the fourth tier of English football league? What is the fourth tier of English football league called? What is Plymouth's home ground called? What is Plymouth's nickname? What is the name of the non-League football club that plays at Weston Mill? What is the name of the Plymouth Raiders basketball club? What sports club is Plymouth Albion R.F.C.? When was Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club founded? Where do the Plymouth Raiders play? When were the Plymouth Raiders founded? When was the Port of Plymouth Regatta held? When did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? How many days did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? In what year did South West Water supply water to Plymouth? What company supplied water to Plymouth in 1973? When was a watercourse opened to tap the River Meavy? What river did Plymouth tap in 1591? When was the Devonport Leat officially completed? Who is responsible for waste management throughout Plymouth? What is responsible for sewerage in Plymouth? What is the name of the distribution of Plymouth's electricity to Plymouth? When did the Langage Power Station start to produce electricity for Plymouth? Where is the Langage Power Station located? When was the Plymouth Borough Police formed? What is the divisional HQ in Plymouth? How many fire stations does Plymouth have? Where is the Severn class lifeboat stationed? Where did the Plymouth Borough Police become part of? What is the name of the city's NHS hospital? How many kilometers is Derriford Hospital? What hospital is located at Derriford Hospital? What is the name of the charity that operates in Plymouth? Where is the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquarters? When was the mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery reopened? Where do the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries? What is the name of the privately owned cemetery that does not allow headstones to mark graves? What does Drake Memorial Park allow headstones to mark graves? When was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? When was the Royal Citadel built? After what war was the Royal Citadel built? When was Smeaton's Tower built? How many kilometers away is Smeaton's Tower? What memorial commemorates the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What is the early port settlement of Plymouth called? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? Where did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? How many marine species does the National Marine Aquarium display? How many listed buildings does the early port settlement of Plymouth have? What is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly"? Where is Crownhill Fort located? Who owns the "Palmerston's Folly"? Where is Devonport located? How many waymarkers have been added to the Devonport Heritage Trail? Where is Plymouth often used as a base? What is the name of the area in which Plymouth is used as a base? What valley is often used as a base for visitors to Plymouth? Who designed the Roland Levinsky building? When was the Roland Levinsky building opened? The Roland Levinsky building is the landmark building of what university? What type of faculty does the Roland Levinsky building have? Where is the Roland Levinsky building located? What are people from Plymouth known as? What are people from Plymouth known as? What is the name of the Devon form of John? What is Cousin Jan? Where was Sir Francis Drake born? What was Sir Francis Drake's nickname? When did Sir Francis Drake die? What was Sir Francis Drake's death in 1596? Who was the founder of the Royal Academy? Who was the author of the paintings that depicted vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide? Where was David McKee trained? What type of musician is John Surman? Who is the avant garde prepared guitarist? Where does Michael Foot's family reside? What type of athlete is Trevor Francis? What country is Chris Axworthy? Who is the American Vice President of The Right Stuff? What is the name of the fictional president Bennett was born in Plymouth? Who is Dawn French?