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What have academics adjusted to focus on different periods? Who studied human history? Who did Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel work on? Who have looked at post World War II events? What are social and political groups excluded as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What book was written by M. Hassan Kakar? What is the CPPCG legal definition of genocide? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy? What does genocide result in? What are victimized groups defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics? What do Harff and Gurr differentiate between? What are victimized groups defined in terms of? What did Kates say we follow Harff's distinction between? Who is responsible for the murder of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership? What is the normal meaning of murder by government of people? What is the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide? What does non-killings eliminate in the end? What do non-killings prevent? Who defined genocide as when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group? What did Gallagher define genocide? What did Gallagher define genocide? What does the definition broaden the definition of? What does the definition of group identity argue that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish? In what time period are acts of genocide required to be punished? What could be brought against the signatories without their consent at the International Court of Justice? What country did some of the signatories sign with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent? What other signatories protested on the ethics and legal standing of reservations? What is the CPPCG? What were criminals found guilty of? What were criminals found guilty of? Who were criminals prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust? Who coined the term Holocaust? Who dismissed Nikola Jorgi's appeal against his conviction for genocide? What did the European Court of Human Rights say the German courts have a wider interpretation of? What did the majority of scholars believe did not constitute in the 21st century? What did the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina want to expel from their homes? Who found the actus reu of genocide in the Momcilo Krajisnik case? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many plea bargains did Vujadin Popovi and Ljubia Beara have? What has Zdravko Tolimir been found guilty of? What have Radislav Krsti and Drago Nikoli been found guilty of? How many others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia? When did he die? Where was Karadi arrested? Who was arrested in 1995? Who was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What is the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? When did the genocide occur? Who created the ICTR? What is the name of the violation of the ICTR? What is the name of the country in which the ICTR was created? What has been debated over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide? Who was the United States Secretary of State? What committee did Colin Powell testify about the conflict in Darfur, Sudan? Who issued a report to the Secretary-General? What is the conclusion that no genocidal policy has been pursued and implemented in Darfur? Who was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court? What did the Security Council take into account in 2005? Which two permanent members of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? What did the Prosecutor find reasonable grounds to believe that the individuals identified in UN Security Council Resolution 1593 have committed? What are the structural conditions leading up to genocide? What are the processes that create an evolution toward genocide? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What is the history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim? What is one of the conditions that lead to genocide? What is a common phenomenon? What processes take place during antibiotic therapy? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment demonstrate antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What antibiotics are used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains? What are the processes that take place during antibiotic therapy? What can bacterial strains have a physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment demonstrate antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What experiment demonstrated antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes in 1943? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What has been shown to eliminate in clinical settings? What may a bactericidal activity of antibacterials depend on? What does a bactericidal activity of antibacterials often require? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What are the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial? What are several pharmacological parameters used as markers of drug efficacy? What are the most target bacterial functions or growth processes? What do penicillins and cephalosporins target? What is the cell membrane? What are tetracyclines? What are antibiotics commonly classified based on? What do penicillins and cephalosporins target? What is the cell membrane? How many new classes of antibacterial compounds have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s? What are antibiotics classified based on? What are most modern antibacterials semisynthetic modifications of? What are the beta-lactam antibiotics? What are the compounds that are still isolated from living organisms? How are antibacterials produced? What are antibacterials semisynthetic modifications of? What is the molecular weight of antibacterial compounds? What are the penicillins produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? What are the penicillins produced by? What type of disease was tuberculosis in the developed world? What did bacteria develop in livestock raising? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country? What did bacteria develop in livestock raising? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? In what century did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What did bacteria develop in livestock raising? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? What is happening in every region of the world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has caused problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What was the cause of overuse in livestock raising? What type of disease was tuberculosis in the developed world? What type of therapy has a patient proven or suspected infection? How long does the identification process take? What is a broad spectrum antibiotic? What is being identified? How long does the identification process take? What is a broad spectrum antibiotic? What is the responsible microorganism not yet unidentified? What type of therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim? What type of reaction can cause allergic reactions? What resulted in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria? What can antibacterials lead to overgrowth of? What is a systemic corticosteroid? What does the use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota? What are antibiotics screened for? What are antibiotics usually considered safe and well tolerated? What type of organisms are targeted? What type of effects can cause allergic reactions? What is the host microbiota associated with? What are antibiotics screened for? What are some major allergic reactions? What is a common side-effect of Clostridium difficile? What is the cause of overgrowth of yeast? What can result from interaction with other drugs? What is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models? What isSTAT? What was the name of the subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment that Mice were exposed to? What causes obesity in humans? What does the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans need to be weighed against? What is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What causes obesity in humans? What do most studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect on the intestinal flora? What are some of the suggestions that have been inconclusive and controversial? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do most studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect on the intestinal flora that could result in reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon? What are antibacterials suspected to interact with? What do antibiotics do with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the cause of side-effects between alcohol and certain antibiotics? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What can alcohol consumption cause? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What is the cause of side-effects between alcohol and certain antibiotics? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What is a cause of side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What can alcohol consumption cause? What should never be mixed? What type of resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? What can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids? What may be absent from the bacterial genome? What is the spread of antibacterial resistance? What is the result of a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA? What is the spread of antibacterial resistance? What can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? What are antibiotic-resistant strains and species sometimes referred to as? What type of strains are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments? How many new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are estimated to occur worldwide? What is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? What has contributed to theemergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse? What has contributed to theemergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What type of antibiotics are used in travelers? What type of antibiotics do medical professionals fail to prescribe? What is another form of misuse? Inappropriate antibiotic treatment is a prescription to treat what type of infection? Who were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them? What is the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? What is the name of the US agency that coordinates the task force? In what year did an antibiotic government campaign begin in France? When did the EU ban the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents? In what year did Swann report on antibiotic resistance? What are some organizations that have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses? What two federal bills were aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? What is the name of the American Public Health Association? What type of livestock is there a large use of antibiotics? In what year did the US Food and Drug Administration raise the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? When did the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? What were treatments for infections primarily based on before the early 20th century? How long ago were mixes with antimicrobial properties described? What type of materials did ancient cultures use to treat infections? What does the term 'antibiosis' mean? Who introduced the term 'antibiosis'? What type of mold had been noticed many times over the course of history? Who noticed the same effect in a Petri dish in 1928? What is the name of the history of penicillin? What did Fleming believe penicillin could be exploited for? What is the name of the first commercially available antibacterial antibacterial? Who developed the first sulfonamide? Who developed the first sulfonamide? In what year did Domagk receive the Nobel Prize for Medicine? What is the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? In what year did Rene Dubos discover the first naturally derived antibiotic? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? Who discovered the first naturally derived antibiotic? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? In what year did Florey and Chain purify the first penicillin? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who determined the chemical structure of penicillin? What do Vaccinesrely on? What have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What have been replaced by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines? What is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? What is the way that researchers infect pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses? What is one of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens? Who reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? How many antibiotics did the report identify against the Gram-negative bacilli? In what year did the Infectious Disease Society of America report that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? What is one of the possible improvements to clinical trial regulations? What could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor? What is the ADAPT Act's goal? Who is the senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts? What type of composer was a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era? What era was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin a virtuoso pianist? What did François Chopin write for? What was the Duchy of Warsaw when Chopin was born? When did he leave Poland? When was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin born? What era was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin a virtuoso pianist? Where was Chopin born? What did François Chopin write for? When did he leave Poland? When was Frédéric François Chopin born? Who was a Polish and French composer? What did François Chopin write for? What era was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin a virtuoso pianist? When was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin born? Where was Chopin born? When did he leave Poland? Who was a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era? When was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin born? At what age did he settle in Paris? How many public performances did he give? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? In what year did Sand visit Majorca? What type of tuberculosis did he die in Paris in 1849? Where did he settle at the age of 21? How many public performances did he give? Who did Chopin form a friendship with? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Who did George Sand have a troubled relationship with? At what age did he settle in Paris? How many public performances did he give? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Who supported him in his last years? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Who supported him in his last years? What type of tuberculosis did he die in Paris in 1849? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What are some of the influences on Bach's compositional style? What were his own performances noted for? What salons did J. S. Bach and Schubert have? What is one of Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What were his own performances noted for? What are some of the influences on Bach's compositional style? How many piano concertos did he write? What is one of Chopin's compositions? How many piano concertos did he write? What were his own performances noted for? What are some of the influences on Bach's compositional style? What is one of Chopin's compositions? How many piano concertos did he write? What salons did J. S. Bach and Schubert have? What is Chopin's association with political insurrection? What have Chopin's love life and his early death made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? What is Chopin a symbol of? How many films and biographies has he been the subject of? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? In what country did Chopin compose most of his works? What is Chopin's association with? What is Chopin a symbol of? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? What is Chopin's association with? What is Chopin a symbol of? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? When does the parish baptismal record give his birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the name of the parish baptismal record that gives his birthday? How many miles west of Warsaw was Chopin born? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When does the parish baptismal record give his birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the name of the parish baptismal record that gives his birthday? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When does the parish baptismal record give his birthday? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the name of the parish baptismal record that gives his birthday? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? When was Fryderyk baptized? Who tutored children of the Polish aristocracy? Who was Fryderyk's father? Who was Nicolas Chopin? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? Who was Nicolas Chopin's godfather? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? Who was Fryderyk's father? Who was Nicolas Chopin? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? Where did Fryderyk live? What did the father play? What was Chopin prone to in early childhood? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk teach French? What did the father play? Who played the flute and violin? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? What did the father play? Who played the flute and violin? Where did Fryderyk live? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Ludwika's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? How many polonaises did Fryderyk compose in 1817? In what year was a polonaise published? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Ludwika's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? When was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Ludwika's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Kazimierz Palace reestablished? Where was the Kazimierz Palace reestablished? What palace was Fryderyk invited to? What was the name of the eclogue that Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz wrote? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Kazimierz Palace reestablished? Who was the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for him? Who wrote the eclogue "Nasze Przebiegi"? What palace was Fryderyk invited to? Who was the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for him? Who wrote the eclogue "Nasze Przebiegi"? What year did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was the name of the mechanical organ that Moscheles performed in 1825? Who was visiting Warsaw? When did Chopin perform his Rondo Op? Who did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was the name of the mechanical organ that Moscheles performed in 1825? Who presented Tsar Alexander I with a diamond ring? What concert did Chopin perform at the eolomelodicon concert? Who did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was the name of the mechanical organ that Moscheles performed in 1825? Who presented Tsar Alexander I with a diamond ring? Who praised Chopin's "wealth of musical ideas"? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? Where did Chopin stay in 1824 and 1825? What was the name of Szafarnia's letters? What was the name of Szafarnia's letters? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What type of music did he encounter for the first time? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What was the title of Szafarnia's letters? Where did Chopin stay in 1824 and 1825? In what year did Chopin leave Warsaw? Where did Chopin live until he left Warsaw in 1830? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the Chopin Family Parlour called in the 20th century? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? In what year did Chopin leave Warsaw? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? Who was Chopin's youngest sister? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the name of the family Parlour that became a museum in the 20th century? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? Who did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Konstancja Gadkowska attracted to? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Konstancja Gadkowska attracted to? What was the name of Woyciechowski's Piano Concerto? When was the final Conservatory report published? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Konstancja Gadkowska attracted to? Who became Chopin's intimates? What was the name of Woyciechowski's Piano Concerto? How many boarders became Chopin's intimates? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? What was the name of the major for cello and piano? What year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? What was the name of the major for cello and piano? What year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? When did Radziwi return to Berlin? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? When did he make his debut in Vienna? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? On what date did 17 March 1830 take place? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? Where did he make his debut in the Warsaw Conservatory? Where did he premiere his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor? When did he return to Warsaw? What did Chopin say he was accustomed to? Who played the violin? Where did he make his debut in the Warsaw Conservatory? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? How many weeks after his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory did he make his debut in Vienna? When did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe? Where did Woyciechowski go? When did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe? Who said that Chopin was "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?" Who said that Chopin was "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?" Where did Woyciechowski go? Where did Woyciechowski go? When did the Uprising break out in Warsaw? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to? Where did Woyciechowski go? When did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe? What did Chopin write to a friend? When did he learn that the uprising had been crushed? Who was Chopin one of many expatriates of? What version of his given names did he use in France? When did he receive French citizenship? Who did Chopin remain close to in exile? Who did Chopin become one of many expatriates of? When did Chopin arrive in Paris? Who was Chopin one of many expatriates of? When did he receive French citizenship? Who wrote that Chopin never considered himself to be French? What country did Chopin never return to? What version of his given names did he use in France? What version of his given names did he use in France? Who wrote that Chopin never considered himself to be French? Who was Chopin one of many expatriates of? Where did Chopin meet artists and other distinguished figures? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What was Adam Mickiewicz's verses? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who did he become acquainted with during his time in Paris? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who was Adam Mickiewicz? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who was Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? How many Polish friends were to play important roles in Chopin's life in Paris? In what country did Julian Fontana try to establish himself? In what country did Julian Fontana try to establish himself? Who was Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Where was Julian Fontana from? Who reviewed the Op? When did Chopin give a debut Paris concert? What technique was not optimal for large concert spaces? Who did he no longer depend on? Who reviewed the Op? When did Chopin give a debut Paris concert? What family was Rothschild introduced to? When did Chopin receive the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary? What technique was not optimal for large concert spaces? In what year did he start earning a handsome income? 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How many years earlier did he make the acquaintance of their daughter? Who did Chopin mention in a letter to on December 12, 1831? What was the name of the person who was curious about Herz, Liszt, Hiller? Who did Chopin first meet after arriving in Paris? When was Chopin's Parisian debut? Who did Chopin mention in a letter to on December 12, 1831? Where was Chopin's Parisian debut? Where did Chopin live? What is the name of the Hôtel de France on the Rue Lafitte? How many occasions did they perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? When was the first benefit concert held? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where is the Hôtel de France located? How many occasions did they perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor? What was the qualities of the two friendships? What are some of the reasons Chopin was enchanted with Liszt's virtuosity on the piano? What did Chopin do when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes? What did Chopin refer to him as in his letters dated as late as 1848? What was Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was obsessed with Chopin? Who believes Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite"? Who believes Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite"? Who was obsessed with Chopin? Who did the composer write to to rob him of the way he plays his studies? Who did some commentators believe Liszt was concerned about? Who hosted the party in 1836? What did Chopin write in Polish? What did Sand do in a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Who did Chopin meet in 1836? What was Sand thought to be influenced by? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who hosted the party in 1836? When did Maria Wodziska's mother make it clear to Chopin that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed? What did Chopin write in Polish? What did Sand do in a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Where did Chopin visit in 1837? When did Sand return to Paris? How old was Sand? What year did the two children spend a miserable winter on Majorca? Where was the former Carthusian monastery located? Who played at a musical soirée at the house of English piano maker James Broadwood? Where did Chopin play at a musical soirée? How old was Sand? Who was Sand's former lover? What was the name of the monastery in Valldemossa? In what year did Sand become lovers? When did the two spent a miserable winter on Majorca? How many children did Sand's two children have in Majorca? Who was the former lover of Sand? What was the name of the monastery in Valldemossa? How many doctors have visited Chopin? What piano did Pleyel have to be sent to him? Where did the piano arrive? How many doctors have visited Chopin? When did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin complain about? 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What transcription did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Which tenor was funerald in Paris in 1839? Who lied Die Gestirne? What was Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was the name of the composition of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was Chopin's Polonaise in A-flat major? Who was the mezzo-soprano of Nohant? When did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant? What did Chopin advise on? Who was the mezzo-soprano of Nohant? What did Chopin advise on? Who was the mezzo-soprano of Nohant? In what year did Chopin show signs of serious illness? Who did he write to after a solo recital in Paris? Who was forced to decline a written invitation to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What did Charles Hallé play for Chopin? What type of epilepsy may he have suffered from? In what year did Chopin show signs of serious illness? Who was forced to decline a written invitation to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What type of epilepsy may he have suffered from? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What are aching so much? Who was forced to decline a written invitation to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's? Who visited Chopin in 1844? What type of lobe epilepsy may he have suffered from? Who was Solange's fiancé? What was Sand's political pursuits? What did Sand call Chopin? What was the name of Sand's novel? In what year did Sand publish her novel Lucrezia Floriani? What year was Chopin's relationship with Sand soured? Who was Solange's fiancé? What was the name of Sand's novel? Who took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother? What did Sand become more of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin? What was the name of Sand's novel? In what year did Sand publish her novel Lucrezia Floriani? What did he write in 1844? What was Zamoyski's work more refined than many of his earlier compositions? How many works did he write in 1841? How many works were written in 1842? What did he write in 1844? How many works were written in 1842? How many shorter pieces were written in 1842? How many mazurkas were completed in 1845? When did Auguste Franchomme give his last Paris concert? Who gave his last Paris concert? When did Auguste Franchomme give his last Paris concert? Who gave his last Paris concert? What caused Chopin to struggle financially? Who gave his last Paris concert? How many movements did Auguste Franchomme have in his last Paris concert? What was Chopin's life covered in? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What was Chopin's life covered in? What documentary covered Chopin's life? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor? Who did Cornel Wilde receive an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor? When was La valse de l'adieu released? Who was Chopin in Impromptu? Who has been fictionalized in numerous films? What film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor? Who did Cornel Wilde receive an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor? Who was Chopin in La valse de l'adieu? Who was Chopin in Impromptu? When was Chopin produced in Milan? Who wrote Chopin? Who wrote Chopin? What is the name of Chopin? What was Chopin's life a fanciful opera? Who wrote Chopin? What year was Chopin produced in Milan? Who wrote Chopin? Who was the earliest manifestation of the sonnet on Chopin? Who has featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak? What was the earliest manifestation of the sonnet? Who created the sonnet on Chopin? In what year was Leon Ulrich's sonnet on Chopin? What is the language of Chopin's biographies? How long is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists on the occasion of the composer's bicentenary? Who organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? How long is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists on the occasion of the composer's bicentenary? In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op? Who performed the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? Who performed the Nocturne in E major Op in 1895? Who notes that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all great pianists of the recording era? In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op? Who gives a select discography of recordings of Chopin? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How long is the International Chopin Piano Competition held in Warsaw? How many performances of Chopin works were listed on the Institute site? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? How many societies does the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland list on its website? How many performances of Chopin works were listed on the Institute site? Who choreographed Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? What title did Diaghilev use for later productions? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? Who choreographed Chopiniana? Who choreographed Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? What title did Les Sylphides use? Where did he leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who was Jane Stirling? Where did he leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who was Jane Stirling's elder sister? Who was Jane Stirling? When was the Revolution of 1848? Who was Jane Stirling's pupil? Where did Chopin take lodgings? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? Where was Prince Albert's first engagement? Who were the audience members at Stafford House? On what date did Viardot share the platform with Viardot? Where did Chopin take lodgings? What was Chopin's grand piano? What was the name of Chopin's first engagement? What was Chopin sought after for? Who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Who was the Polish physician? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Where did he give a public concert? What was Adam yszczyski's name? When did Chopin make his last public appearance? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who did Chopin play for? What stage is a terminal stage? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who sang for his friends? Where was Princess Obreskoff's apartment located? Who secretly subsidised the rent in Chaillot? When did Chopin return to Paris? Who sang for his friends? Where was Princess Obreskoff's apartment located? Who was Princess Obreskoff? In what year was Jenny Lind visited? What year did Ludwika come to Paris? Where did Ludwika take his apartment? Who was Ludwika's sister? Who was Ludwika's sister? Who supported Ludwika in September? What did the grand Parisian ladies consider it de rigueur to faint in Viardot's room? What did Chopin fear of being buried alive? What did he do? Who made Chopin's death mask? What did Chopin fear of being buried alive? Who made Chopin's death mask? What was the cause of Jean Cruveilhier's death certificate? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What has been denied by the Polish government? What was the cause of Jean Cruveilhier's death certificate? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What type of fibrosis is cirrhosis? Who denied permission for DNA testing? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? Who played the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Where was Chopin's sister Ludwika cremated? Who led the procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? Who played the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? What is the name of Chopin's tombstone? How many francs did Jane Stirling pay for the funeral and monument? Who paid for the return of Ludwika to Warsaw? Where was Chopin's heart preserved? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? How many francs did Jane Stirling pay for the funeral and monument? Who paid for the return of Ludwika to Warsaw? Who paid for the return of the composer's sister to Warsaw? How many letters did Chopin take from Sand? How many works of Chopin survive? What is the name of all his known works? How many works of Chopin survive? What type of music are piano concertos, songs or chamber music? Who did Chopin use with his own students? Who did Chopin use with his own students? Who were the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook? Who was Chopin educated in the tradition of Beethoven? Who invented the nocturne? What was the name of the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? What was the name of the salon genre that Chopin took to a deeper level of sophistication? What was the name of the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? What did Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles develop in the 1820s and 1830s? Who developed the concert étude in the 1820s and 1830s? How many polonaises were published in his lifetime? How many polonaises were published in his lifetime? What type of dance did Chopin's mazurkas originate from? What are waltzes often at faster tempos than dance-floor equivalents? What type of music did Chopin endowed popular dance forms with? What type of hall did Chopin's mazurkas come from? What did Chopin put on the European musical map? How many polonaises were published in his lifetime? What were the waltzes written specifically for? What is the name of the Revolutionary Étude? What was the name of the composer who never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number? What is the third movement of the Sonata No. 2? What is the name of the third movement of his Sonata No. 2? What is the name of the Revolutionary Étude? What is the Minute Waltz? What was Chopin's last opus number? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What was Chopin's last opus number? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What Polish musicologist is named for the Kobylaska Catalogue? In what year did works published in 1857 receive alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? What type of designations have been given to works published since 1857? What is the name of the Kobylaska Catalogue? What are the initials of the Kobylaska Catalogue? What is Krystyna Kobylaska? Breitkopf & Härtel was the first collected edition? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? Which of Chopin's original publishers was Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel? In what century did Breitkopf & Härtel first appear? What is the name of the version of Chopin's works? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? What is at the centre of Chopin's creative processes? What is Chopin's flexible handling of? What is at the centre of Chopin's creative processes? Who writes that improvisation is designed for an audience? What is Chopin's handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit? What Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody? How many ballades and scherzos stand supreme? What form is Temperley's works based on? What does the mazurkas show more folk features than many of his other works? What type of form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes all in? What are Chopin's mazurkas? What type of bass do mazurkas use? What is a canon at one beat's distance? How long are Chopin's works in triple time? Who were Chopin's Polish predecessors? What do Chopin's works display in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences? What type of technique do most precursors require? How many nocturnes are more structured? What type of expression does Chopin nocturnes have? Who met Chopin in 1833? In what year did Chopin meet? How many nocturnes are more structured? What type of form are Chopin's études? What are Chopin's études largely in? What type of form are Chopin's études? What is the name of J.S. Bach's work? Who suggests that the preludes were used as generic preludes to others of his pieces? What are some of Schumann's preludes? What is the name of J.S. Bach's book? What were the preludes used for? Who recorded the Prelude Op in 1922? How many piano sonatas are there? Who are the music historians? How many piano sonatas are there? What movement was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries? What is the name of the two piano sonatas? Who uses modal harmony? Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from what technique? Who says that "novel harmonic effects often result from combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment"? What technique was his style based on? Who wrote of a recital given by Chopin in 1841? What did he write in his Projet de méthode? Who was the "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? What did Chopin use to use national modes and idioms? Who drilled Scriabin in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who was the "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? Who was devoted to the music of Chopin? Who drilled Scriabin in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who wrote that modern concert performance style was set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools? What did Chopin avoid in performance? What was Chopin concerned with? What did the composer say to a pupil that "concerts are never real music"? In what year did Berlioz write that Chopin has created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that what in the hands of others was elegant embellishment? What is Chopin's music often played with? What does rubato do in Chopin's music? What is Chopin's music often played with? What does Rosen say about rubato in Chopin? Who was a pupil of Chopin? Who was a pupil of Chopin? What did he hate? What is Chopin credited with introducing to music? In what year did Schumann review the piano concertos? What did Schumann's review of the piano concertos highlight? What did Schumann's review of the piano concertos highlight? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? What are Chopin's mazurkas and polonaises? Who wrote a review of the piano concertos? What are Chopin's works buried in? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Who suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music? Who used polonaise and mazurka forms? Who impugns Schumann's attitude towards Chopin's works? What did Chopin's music symbolize? What did others find them a source of strength in their continuing struggle for? What are the Poles scattered across in Europe and the New World? Who suggested that Arthur Hutchings' lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? Who are some of Arthur Hutchings' romantic contemporaries? Where did Chopin arrive in 1831? Who suggested that his lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? What was the name of Schumann's suite? What was the name of Schumann's Ballade? How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transcribe for piano? Who was deeply affected by Chopin's death? Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians? What was the name of Schumann's suite? What was the name of Schumann's Ballade? What is the name of Chopin's music? What year did Debussy dedicate his own piano Études to the memory of Chopin? Who did Debussy edit Chopin's piano music? Who made recordings of Chopin's music? How many of Chopin's long-standing pupils were piano teachers? Who asserted that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet? What dynasty has a shortage of horses for warfare? What years did Deshin Shekpa make a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? Who was the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school? What is the name of the Karma Kagyu school? What country did Tibetan leaders conduct their own foreign diplomacy with? What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays? Who were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama? Who established the Ganden Phodrang regime? When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated? When did the Tibetan Empire collapse? Who signed peace treaties with the Tang? What were the borders between Tibet and China fixed in 821? What was Tibet once a strong power contemporaneous with? How many peace treaties did the Yarlung rulers sign with the Tang? When was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China? When did the Song dynasty begin? How many documents do Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty? What dynasty was ruled by the Khitan? Who ruled Jin dynasty? Who conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia? Who was the successor of Genghis Khan? When did the invasion of Tibet take place? Who was the successor of Genghis Khan? Who raided Lhasa? Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? When was Tibet incorporated into the Mongol Empire? When was the regency of Töregene Khatun? How many different states were ruled by myriarchies? Who was the Mongol prince Kublai? Who granted Kublai a large appanage in North China? Who was the 2nd Karmapa Lama? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? When was the Yuan dynasty? What dynasty was the Yuan dynasty? What did Khubilai claim for a time? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? In what year was the Sakya viceregal regime overthrown? Who installed the Sakya viceregal regime? Who was the Phagmodru myriarch? What Dynasty gained rule over Tibet? Who established the Ming dynasty? What was the name of the Han Chinese revolt in 1368? Who established the Ming dynasty? In what years did the Romans take place? When did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys out to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation? Who rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation? What was the Buddhist link between Tibet and China? Who did Dorje send disciples to the court in Nanjing? What government enacted a law that forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism? What was the first Ming ruler actively to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? Who was the first Ming ruler to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? When was the Qing dynasty? When was the History of Ming compiled? What is the name of the Army-Civilian Marshal Office in western Tibet? How many Wanhu offices are there? Where did the Ming dynasty establish the É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office? How many Princes of Dharma were appointed by the Ming court? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who was a former professor of the University of Washington? What is the credibility of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino- Tibet? Who wrote that Tibet had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan? Who supports van Praag's position? Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that van Praag and Shakabpa are what? Which emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? When did Punala go to Nanjing? What did lamas call themselves? What did the Ming dynasty issue to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? Who colonized India and New Zealand? What did Wang and Nyima present in their Historical Status of China's Tibet? What was the name of the Yuan dynasty? What does the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan dynasty as? Who dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity? Who explains that Kublai created government institutions that resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones? When did the Yuan dynasty of China rule? When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign? What was a licensed border market between China and Tibet during the Yuan? What ethnicity was given a higher status than the Han Chinese majority? Who implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs? Who was the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office? What dynasty governed most areas of Tibet? Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located? Who is Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute? How many households did Qianhu have? How many households did Wanhu have? Who is the Tibetologist? What did the Ming emperors send invitations to? What did the Ming emperors send to ruling lamas? What is the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan? Who administered the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions? What title was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What is the Tibetan title of Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation? Who granted the title "Education Minister"? Who wrote in his will? Who wrote that Changchub Gyaltsen was a professor of history at the University of Washington? Who asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age"? Where is Lok-Ham Chan a professor of history? What did Changchub Gyaltsen want to remove? Who did the Hongwu Emperor give the title "Initiation State Master"? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who did Chen suggest to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys to? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama's hegemony over Tibet end? How many centuries did the 5th Dalai Lama's hegemony over Tibet last? What school did the Ming dynasty give titles to? Who did the Ming dynasty decline to receive titles? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? When was the first request by the Ming made? In what year did the Ming court send another embassy? Who did Tsongkhapa send to Nanjing in 1414? When was Chosrje Shkya Yeshes sent to Nanjing? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? What did Laird say the Ming appointed titles to? What did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet? What did Laird say the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch into Tibet in 1413? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor gain in 1413? How did the Yongle Emperor maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states? What court did the Gelug send missions to? When did the Gelug send missions to the Ming court? What was the Gelug not mentioned in? What did the Ming court grant titles to? Who was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When was Rinpungpa born? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When was Tsangpa born? When was the Yongle Emperor aided by Yao Guangxiao? Who aided the Yongle Emperor in his usurpation of the throne? What was the name of the father of Yao Guangxiao? When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court? Who did the Yongle Emperor dispatch to Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor seek out? When did Hou Xian return to Nanjing? How did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? In what year did Deshin Shekpa travel to Nanjing? What court exhorted Deshin Shekpa to visit Nanjing? Who did the Yongle Emperor greet? Who wrote that Kublai would "sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric"? Who was the Yongle Emperor? Where did the Yongle Emperor preside over religious ceremonies? Where was Linggu Temple located? What title did Deshin Shekpa get during his stay in Nanjing? Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to? Who persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? What was Deshin Skekpa invited strictly for? Who did the Yongle Emperor plan to send a military force into Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor plan to do before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? Who persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor conflict with? Who did Shekpa's miracles testify to? What did Deshin Shekpa's miracles testify to? Who has failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? What type of artifacts were the tributes? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any political control over Tibet? When was the Karmapa addressed? Who preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who wrote the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who was the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma? When was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor written? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with in 1446? In what year did Chan write that the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? When did Shekpa die? What court cut off all relations with the Karmapa? What did the Yongle Emperor order to facilitate trade with Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor order to facilitate trade with Tibet? Where did the trade route cross? What did Van Praag say the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? When did the Ming take place? What type of iconography was featured in the Silk workshops during the Ming? Who established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What were horses collected from Tibet as? What did the Ming dynasty trade horses with? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols? Who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony? What dynasty traded horses with Tibet? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols? When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? In what year did the Marquis Mu Ying establish a garrison in Gansu? How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture? How many Tibetan prisoners were captured by Mu Ying? Who was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390? What did the Mongols use as a rally base to stage raids into Ming China? What region did the Mongols use as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? What did the Mongols use as a rallying base to stage raids into? What did the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas help stabilize? What was the Ming's policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? When did the Sakya regime fall? Who did Rossabi hope would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with? What did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Who were the Rinpungpa leaders relatives of? In what year did the prince of Rinbung exclude the Gelug from attending New Years ceremonies and prayers? What is the most important event in the Gelug? When did the Phagmodru ruler capture Lhasa? In what years did Mikyö Dorje occupy Lhasa? Who was the Zhengde Emperor? Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa? When was Tibet annexed by China? What dynasty had no control over Tibet? When did Tibet become part of China? When did the Manchu Qing dynasty invade Tibet? When was the Qing dynasty? What did the Chinese central government say Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China? Who upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? Who assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state? Where is the California Academy of Sciences located? Who installed the Sakya regime? What is a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol? When was Tibet incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? What dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? In what year was China Daily incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? What dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? What government has Tibet remained under? When was the native Chinese ideology of Daoism fully sponsored at the Ming court? What is the native Chinese ideology of Daoism? Which Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Who was ascension of Zhengde? Who rejected the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment have a predisposed animosity towards? Who was ascension of Zhengde? What region did the Tumed Mongols move into? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid? When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? Who was the third hierarch of the Gelug? What did Altan Khan abolish? Who was forced to convert to Gelug Buddhism? Who was forced to convert to Gelug Buddhism? Who did Mongol princes request to bestow titles on them? Who did the Mongol princes begin requesting the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them? Who did Rawski believe Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug could be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with? Who was the great-grandson of Altan Khan? Who became the first to have effective political control over Tibet? In what year did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? Who was granted the grandiose title? Who granted Sonam Gyatso the grandiose title? Who did Zhang Juzheng arrive on March 12, 1579? Who did Zhang Juzheng arrive on March 12, 1579? What year did Sonam Gyatso die? Who is the third Dalai Lama? What does China Daily say the "Ming dynasty showed Dalai Lama special favor? What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587? What title did the Qing emperor give to the fifth Dalai Lama? What title did the Qing emperor give to the fifth Dalai Lama? What title was granted to the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? In what year did the Wanli Emperor seal the Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who was Yonten Gyatso's predecessor? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? When did the Mongol leader conquest Tibet? What was the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet? In what year were the Rinbung princes overthrown by Karma Tseten? Who was the second successor of the first Tsang king? When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? Who was the Ü-Tsang king? Who refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king? Who was the leader of the Khoshut tribe of the Oirat Mongols? What role did Güshi Khan accept? Who did the Ü-Tsang ruler threaten to destroy? Where did Güshi Khan defeat the Gelugpas? In what year did Shigatse die? Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcoming ceremony for? Who presented Lozang Gyatso's conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama? Who gave Lozang Gyatso his conquest of Tibet? Who gave the governing authority to the Dalai Lama? Who organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso? What dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion? Who accepted a Manchu invitation in 1640 to send envoys to their capital at Mukden in 1642? Who invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing in 1652? Who attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet? Who was the Kangxi Emperor? In what year did the Kangxi Emperoroccupy Lhasa? In what year was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established? When was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line released? How many current versions of the iPod are there? What type of computer is the iPod a line of? How many current versions of the iPod are there? When was the first line released? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line released? What is the ultra-compact iPod? When were the most recent iPod redesigns announced? What can iPods serve as? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What operating system does Apple Macintosh use to transfer music, photos, videos, games, and calendars? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What was the name of the media player included with the iPh? What was the name of the media player that was included with the iPhone and iPad? When was the iPod branding used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad? When did iPhone sales overtake the iPod sales? What are standardized across all iOS-powered products? What is the name of the processor in the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? In what year was a new model of the iPod Touch announced by Apple? What is the name of the processor in the sixth generation iPod Touch? When was a new model of the iPod Touch released? When was the iPod released? When was the iPod released? Who assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line? Who designed the Braun T3 transistor radio? How many GB of hard drive did Jobs announce it as a Mac-compatible product? When was the iPod released? How many GB of hard drive did Jobs announce it as a Mac-compatible product? What is the name of the Walkman? Who assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line? Who purchased the Toshiba disk drive? What was the name of the company Apple contracted to help design and implement the user interface? Which font was replaced with Espy Sans? In what year was the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano introduced? What did Apple change to in 2007? Who was the direct supervisor of Pixo? What does PortalPlayer stand for? What did Apple change to in 2007? In what year did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What does black mean? How many minutes of interviews does U2 have? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What does black mean? In what year did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2? What company did Apple file a lawsuit with in September 2007? What was Kane Kramer's name? What was Kane Kramer's name? When did Kane Kramer apply for a UK patent? What was Kane Kramer's name? What company did Apple file a lawsuit with in September 2007? What was Kane Kramer's name? What was Kane Kramer's name? Who proposed the name iPod? Who was Vinnie Chieco? What movie did Chieco think of? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? When did Grasso assign the trademark to Apple Computer, Inc.? What movie did Chieco think of? Who proposed the name iPod? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? In what year were several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who discovered the leaked photos of the iPhone? What color scheme was spotted in the latest version of iTunes? What color scheme was spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who discovered the leaked photos of the iPhone? What did the third-generation iPod have? What is masked when driving high-impedance loads? What is an example of an external headphone amplifier? What did the third-generation iPod have a weak response to? What are the undersized DC-blocking capacitors? What is the name of the equalizer that amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit? What settings did the equalizer amplify beyond the software's limit? What does the equalizer cause distortion on bass instruments? When were iPods released? What settings did the equalizer amplify beyond the software's limit? What was the reason Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? Where did Apple remove iPods from shelves? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? Where did Apple remove iPods from shelves? What was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was included with the first four generations? What was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What type of connector was included in the third generation? What is a 30-pin dock connector? What is the fifth-generation iPod Classic? What is the fourth-generation iPod Nano? What type of minijack does the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle use? What type of connector was included in the third generation? What is the name of the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod? What type of connectivity did the third generation have? What type of connectivity did the third generation have? What is the name of the accessory that Apple sells? Who manufactures most of the iPod Hi-Fi? What did the dock connector allow the iPod to connect to? What does the implementation of the dock connector require? What is the name of the third party that manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi? What is the name of the accessory that Apple sells? What is the name of the new 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the seventh generation iPod Touch? How many -pin dock connectors are used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? How manypin dock connectors did Apple introduce on September 12, 2012? What are the pins on both sides of the plug? What is the name of the new 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the fifth generation iPod Touch? What is another name for the iPod Hi-Fi? What is the Nike+iPod pedometer? What were the first accessory manufacturers? What are some accessories that other music players have? What is the Nike +iPod pedometer? Who makes the iPod Hi-Fi? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? When did Apple announce that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands? What type of connectivity does Scion offer? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What type of connectivity does Scion offer? What type of integration solutions do some independent stereo manufacturers have? What type of transmitters are illegal in some countries? What are some alternative connection methods? What type of transmitters are illegal in some countries? What are some alternative connection methods? How many major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? How can passengers view video and music libraries? Who were reported to be part of the deal with Apple? How many major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? When did four major airlines reach agreements to install iPod seat connections? What is the name of the iPod line? The iPod photo introduced the ability to display what type of image file formats? What format does Apple not support? What does DRM stand for? What did iPod software work with? What is the name of the audio file format that the iPod line can play? The iPod photo introduced the ability to display what type of image file formats? What is associated with a host computer during installation? Where can song ratings be synchronized? How many host computers is an iPod associated with during installation? How many buttons do all iPods have? How many buttons do all iPods have? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What type of screen does the iPod Touch use? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? How many buttons do all iPods have? What is another name for the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? When was the iTunes Store introduced? What is the name of the online media store that is run by Apple? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the store? When did full-length movies become available? When was the iTunes Store introduced? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the store? When did full-length movies become available? What format was used to purchase audio files? How many authorized computers could play files? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? When did Apple announce that DRM has been removed from all music? When did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music? What format was used to purchase audio files? What was the DRM system based on? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? When did Apple announce that DRM has been removed from all music? What stores include Napster and MSN Music? Who can't play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies? What technologies do Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM use? What did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? When did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? When did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What was the name of the Media Event that Applebuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? What is the name of the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection? How are video games played on iPods? What game did the original iPod have? Who invented Brick? How many games did the iPod add? What did the original iPod have as an easter egg? What game did the original iPod have? How many games did the iPod add? When did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What is compatible with the fifth generation iPod with software 1.2 or later? What is the name of the 5th generation iPod Nano? What is the name of the 4th generation iPod Nano? When did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What is the fifth generation iPod compatible with? What is the name of the third party that makes games for the iPod? What market has Apple's MP3 player taken steps towards? Which video game magazines have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late? What are.ipg files? What are.ipg files? What does SDK stand for? What does the iPod Touch and iPhone cannot run clickwheel-based games? What are.ipg files? What are apps made with the iPhone SDK compatible with? What software development kit did Apple not release for iPod-specific development? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What kind of applications are available on a number of different platforms? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of media can iTunes 7 transfer to a computer? Who can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer? What folder is stored on an iPod? Where can hidden content be accessed? How can media files be recovered? In what year did Apple face two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch are examples of what? Who did Pat-rights claim Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to? What company claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? Who breached a patent issued to Ho Keung Tse? What is the name of Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office? In what year was Apple's application for a patent on "rotational user inputs" rejected? What company was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? What did Creative Technology call the music selection interface used by the iPod line? What did Creative ask the United States International Trade Commission to investigate? What is the name of Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office? What company was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? When did Apple and Creative announce a broad settlement to end their legal disputes? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? When did the iPod line dominate digital music player sales? How much did the iPod market share reach in January 2007? What was the iPod market share in January 2007 according to Bloomberg Online? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? What was the market share measured in July 2005? When did Hewlett-Packard announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods? What company announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods? What was the name of the new retail channels that were used? How much of all iPod sales did Wal-Mart iPods make up? Why did HP stop selling iPods? What was Hewlett-Packard's name? How many iPods did Apple sell on April 9, 2007? What percentage of Apple's revenue was made from iPod sales? What are some Apple products that iPod users are likely to purchase? What was Apple's second quarter revenue in 2007? When did Apple announce that it had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod? What percentage of Apple's revenue was made from iPod sales? How much revenue did Apple report on October 22, 2007? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from desktop sales? What was Apple's revenue in 2007? How much money did Apple have in cash and no debt? What was Apple's revenue in 2007? On what date did Apple report the best quarter revenue and earnings? What was Apple's quarterly profit? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? Who was the Apple CFO? When was the keynote presentation at the Apple Event? What percentage of total revenue did Apple report on October 21, 2008? How many iPods did Phil Schiller have? In what year was a new model not introduced onto the market? What is the fourth best computer product of 2006? What type of reviews do iPods often receive? What mobile phones play AAC files rather than WMA? What do phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia play? What does PC World say iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players? What mobile phones play AAC files rather than WMA? What does PC World say iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players? What type of device has the iPod been accepted as? What is the purpose of the iPod line? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? When did Duke University provide iPods to all incoming freshmen? What was the name of Entertainment Weekly's "best-of" list? When did Duke University provide iPods to all incoming freshmen? What was the name of Entertainment Weekly's "best-of" list? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to? The iPod has been credited with accelerating shifts within what industry? What is the name of the iPod's popularization of digital music storage? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to? How many hours of music playback does the fifth generation 30 GB iPod have? What was a report that stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions? In what year were class action lawsuits brought against Apple? What is the advertised battery life on most models? How many hours does a writer for MP3.com get from an iPod? What kind of vendors have been able to open the case themselves? What is a refurbished replacement iPod? What does lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime? What is not designed to be removed or replaced by the user? What does lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime? What program did Apple announce on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of the initial cost? Why are soldering tools needed for the iPod Nano? What generation of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? When did Apple announce a battery replacement program? What was the initial cost of the initial cost? What is the name of the iPod that needs soldering tools? What is a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer? What is the name of the Apple product replacement program? What have iPods been criticized for? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? When did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? What did Apple begin shipping iPods with? What was the failure rate for iPods with flash memory? What did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? Who reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What did some of the plant's labour practices meet? What percentage of the time did employees work more than six consecutive days? Who reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What percentage of the time did employees work over 60 hours a week? What is the name of the workplace standards auditing company Apple hired? What group did Apple join to oversee the measures? Who initially denied the abuses? Where was the Foxconn factory located? Who initially denied the abuses? What is the name of the workplace standards auditing company Apple hired? When did workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua form a union? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? When did an Apple prototype go missing? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? What can create more jobs overseas than domestic? What file system format does an iPod use? What format is used when it is formatted on Windows? What is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game developed and published by what company? When was the Wii version released? When was the GameCube version released? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game developed and published by what company? When was Twilight Princess originally planned for release on the GameCube? When was the Wii version released? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm? What does Link try to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by? What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists a Hylian? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists a Hylian? What is the name of the alternate timeline that takes place after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? What label was the Wii rereleased under in 2011? When is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? Who was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? What was the most critically acclaimed game of the year? When is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What is the focus of the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the name of the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time? What is the name of the system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking? What does Link use in combat? What is the Clawshot similar to? What is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the name of the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time? What does Link use in combat? What is the name of the system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow? What does the on-screen display show? What does the context-sensitive button cause Link to throw a rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy? What is the context-sensitive button mechanic? What does the on-screen display show? What does the Wii Remote use? What is Midna's trademark? What does the Wii Remote use? What gestures are used to trigger other attacks? How many of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time? What sensors does the Wii Remote use? What does the Wii Remote use? How many dungeons does Link have? How many dungeons does Link battle? How are the dungeons connected? What is the name of Link's horse? How many dungeons does Link battle enemies? What does Link fight at the end of the dungeons? How are the dungeons connected? What does Wolf Link gain in return? How does Link attack? What is the name of the enemy ghosts that Link can hunt for? What is a small imp-like creature that gives Link hints? What does "Wolf Link" do as a human? What does Wolf Link gain in return? What is Midna? What is Poes? What is the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess? What is more advanced than the artificial intelligence of enemies in Twilight Princess? What do Enemies react to? What is the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess? What can Enemies detect from a greater distance than was possible in previous games? What are nods and facial expressions that indicate his emotions and responses? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? Who sampled Midna's phonemes of English phrases? What does Link do when attacking or injured? What are nods and facial expressions that indicate his emotions and responses? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? What is the name of the youth who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village? What do Bulblins carry off the village's children? What is the name of the imp-like Twilight? What does he collect when all the Tears of Light are collected for one area? Where is Link working as a ranch hand? Who attacks the village? What does he collect when all the Tears of Light are collected for one area? What are fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? Who ambushed Midna's Shadows? What does the Master Sword return to? What does Link need to return to human form? Who are the Zoras of Lanayru? What are fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? Who ambushed Midna's Shadows? What does the Master Sword return to? What does Link need to return to human form? What does Link get after gaining the Master Sword? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? Where is Ganondorf found? Who is able to resurrect Zelda? What does Link get after gaining the Master Sword? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? What does Ganondorf transform Zelda into? What helmet did Ganondorf crush? Where is Link shown leaving after Hyrule Castle is rebuilt? Where does Midna teleport Link and Zelda? What does Link throw into Ganondorf's chest? Who assisted Link on horseback? Who teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle? What helmet did Ganondorf crush? What did Midna destroy to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? In what year did Nintendo announce that a new game was in the works for the GameCube? What year did Eiji Aonuma announce that the sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2? What did Nintendo of America tell Aonuma that the sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? What did Aonuma do in Ocarina of Time? In what year did Nintendo announce that a new game was in the works for the GameCube? Who revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2? What did Aonuma do in Ocarina of Time? How many months did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? In what year did Nintendo release a trailer for horseback riding? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker? In what year did Nintendo release a trailer for horseback riding? What did Link transform into? What did Aonuma directed for the Game Boy Advance? What was the name of the Wii code? Who thought the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? Who wrote the Dark World of A Link to the Past? What was the name of the Revolution's pointing device? What is a pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow? In what year was the release of two versions announced? Who felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end? In what year was the release of two versions announced? What was the name of the Wii that was being developed to be compatible with the GameCube? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What was the name of the Wii that was being created to be compatible with the GameCube? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What type of gesture did Link use to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint? What British publication claimed that when a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? What controller did not make it into the GameCube release? When did Nintendo announce that both versions would be available at the Wii launch? How long was the GameCube release pushed back to? What British publication claimed that when a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? When did Nintendo announce that both versions would be available at the Wii launch? What did demo users complain about? What did the new item system need to use? How many E3 attendees commented they would like to see? What type of swing was used to control a left-handed sword attack? What did Miyamoto focus on? Who composed the game's score? Who was the sound supervisor of the game? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor of the game? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who conducted the orchestral arrangements for Michiru shima's three compositions? What was Kondo's preference for live instruments? How many people did he envision a full orchestra for action sequences? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? How manytrack versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006? At what trade show did Kondo consider using orchestral music? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? How manytrack versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006? What vulnerability was discovered in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What is the name of the ELF program that could include executable and Linkable Format? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability? What exploit was developed after the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability? What media company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? When was The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD announced? On what date will the game be released in Australia? What is the name of the high-definition remaster of the Wii U? What media company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What functionality does the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD have? When will the game be released in North America and Europe? What is the name of the Wolf Link Amiibo figurine that unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? What do Zelda and Toon Link replenish? What do Zelda and Sheik restore? What causes Link to take twice as much damage? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Who unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Link and Toon replenish what kind of arrows? What do Zelda and Sheik restore? How many musical selections did a CD contain? How many musical selections did a CD contain? Where is the CD included? How many musical selections did a CD contain? What type of scores did 1UP.com receive? What is the average score for the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What did GameTrailers call it one of the greatest games ever created? What was Twilight Princess released to? What type of scores did 1UP.com receive? What is Twilight Princess' average score for the Wii version? What did GameTrailers call it one of the greatest games ever created? IGN and GameSpy pointed out the existence of what? Who said the Wii controls felt "tacked-on"? What is the name of the Wii version? Who commended Hyper's game for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What is the name of a hypertrophysicist? IGN and GameSpy pointed out the existence of what? Who considered Twilight Princess's soundtrack to be the best of this generation? Who commended Hyper's game for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What version of Twilight Princess was GameCube? Where did the game rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Games of All Time? What ranking did IGN rank the Wii game as? What was the third best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade? Who gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story? What was the game considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy? Where did the game rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Games of All Time? What ranking did IGN rank the Wii game as? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did the game sell on the Wii? How many copies did the game sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did the game sell on the Wii? How many copies did the game sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? Who illustrated Twilight Princess? What manga series is based on Twilight Princess? Who is the publisher of the series? What is the name of Shogakukan's mobile application? Who produced Spectre (2015)? What is the name of Daniel Craig's fourth performance as James Bond? What film is produced by Eon Productions? What was Sam Mendes' second James Bond film? What is the budget for the Bond film? How many James Bond films are produced by Eon Productions? What is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? How many James Bond films are produced by Eon Productions? Who distributes the distribution of the film? Who wrote the second James Bond film? What was Bond's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever? What was the first Eon Productions film since 1971? Who is the new addition to the James Bond characters? Who plays Mr. Hinx? Who are the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann? Who is the new addition to the James Bond characters? What is the name of the new James Bond characters? Who plays Mr. Hinx? In what year did Bond appear in an Eon Productions film? When was Spectre released? Where was Spectre released? When was it released in the United States? What did Spectre receive praise for? What award did "Writing's on the Wall" win? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues? What theme song was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category? How many men were killed during the Day of the Dead? Who promoted Garreth allory to M? Where did Garreth Mallory make a mission in Mexico? What is the name of the global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states? Who's work was written by Garreth Mallory? How many men were killed during the Day of the Dead? Who is the Joint Intelligence Service comprised of? What does Bond steal in the ensuing struggle? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? What is the name of the criminal organisation to which Lucia's husband belonged? Who infiltrates a Spectre meeting? Who is Mr. Hinx? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? Who infiltrates a Spectre meeting? Who is a Spectre assassin? Who infiltrates a Spectre meeting? What is White dying of? Who will take Bond to L'Américain? Who commits suicide? Where is Swann located? Where is L'Américain located? What is White dying of? Who will take Bond to L'Américain? Where is L'Américain located? Who abducted Swann? Who is thrown off the train by Bond? Who was Oberhauser's father? Who did Oberhauser adopt the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld? Who did Oberhauser adopt the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld? What building is scheduled for demolition? Who tells Swann that he has three minutes to escape the building before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann? What does Blofeld's helicopter crash onto? What do Bond and Swann intend to stop from going online? What is the name of the person that Bond and Swann meet? What do Bond and Swann intend to stop from going online? What was the name of the SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion? Who did Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory dispute over the film rights to Thunderball? In what year did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the remake of Thunderball? What was the name of the second remake of Thunderball? In what year did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the remake of Thunderball? What was the name of the film that Fleming and McClory contested in 1961? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What acronym was discarded? What company was Danjaq, LLC? In what year did MGM and the McClory estate settle the issue with Danjaq, LLC? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What was the name of the film that MGM acquired in 2013? Who was the sister company of Eon Productions? Who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects? Who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects? Who wrote the script for Spectre? What company issued a statement confirming the leak of the screenplay? In what year was Sony Pictures Entertainment targeted? Who wrote the script for Spectre? What company issued a statement confirming the leak of the screenplay? Who played Franz Oberhauser? When was Hannes Oberhauser a temporary guardian of a young Bond? Who were the screenwriters who acquired the rights to Spectre? What was the name of the organisation that reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation? What is Hannes Oberhauser's short story? Who is shown to have been Charmian Bond's guardian? What is Hannes Oberhauser's short story? Who played Franz Oberhauser? What was reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation? Who played Franz Oberhauser? What is an MI6 safehouse called? Who wrote Colonel Sun? What short story is a reference to the MI6 safehouse? What is the name of the short story from the MI6 safehouse? What is the title character of Kingsley Amis' continuation novel? What is an MI6 safehouse called? When was the main cast revealed? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? How many times did Daniel Craig return as James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who was cast in the role of Christoph Waltz? What is the name of Blofeld? Who was Sévérine in Skyfall? What was Jesper Christensen's role as Mr. White? At what age did Monica Bellucci become Lucia Sciarra? Who was Sévérine in Skyfall? What was Jesper Christensen's role in Quantum of Solace? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico in February 2015? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? Who was cast as Estrella? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico in February 2015? Where was the pre-title sequence set? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? What was Stephanie Sigman's role? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? Who returned as the film's production designer? Who took over from Hoyte van Hoytema? How many Bond films did Mendes oversee? Who was the first director to oversee two consecutive Bond films? Who was the first director to oversee two consecutive Bond films? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? How many Bond films did John Logan return for? What are some of the filming locations that Mendes confirmed? On what film stock did Van Hoytema shoot the film? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8 2014? How long did the filming take for Mendes? What film stock did Van Hoytema shoot the film on? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8 2014? When did filming begin in Austria? When did the filming of Obertilliach conclude? Where were the scenes filmed in Austria? What was Craig's knee sprained whilst shooting a fight scene? Where were the scenes filmed in Austria? What is the name of the private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps? What glacier was produced in Austria in December 2014? What is the name of the location that was shot at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? How many electric engines did the C-X75 have? Where was Blenheim Palace located? What is the name of the bridge that was shot at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire? What was the name of the Jaguar C-X75? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? In what city was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? What festival was filmed in and around the Zócalo and Centro Histórico district? Where is the Day of the Dead filmed? How many giant skeletons were required in Mexico? Where would the second unit move to? What festival was filmed in and around the Zócalo and Centro Histórico district? What helicopter was flown by Chuck Aaron? Where is the Day of the Dead filmed? Where was Craig flown to? On what date did he return to filming at Pinewood Studios? Where was Craig flown to? What were the scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot at night? What was the purpose of the London Fire Brigade? When did filming take place on the Thames? Where was MI6's headquarters located? What were the scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot at night? The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate what? Where were the scenes involving Fiennes shot? When were the scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot at Westminster Bridge? Where did the filming take place? What is the Guinness World Record for? Who credited the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How many days did filming take? What country did production travel to in June? What is the Guinness World Record for? How many days did filming take? Who credited the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How much money did the Mexican government pay for the film? Who said that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico? What country did Production of Skyfall move to? Where did Production of Skyfall move to? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released? When was the soundtrack album released? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released? What did Newman work during the filming of On Her Majesty's Secret Service? When was the trailer released? What was Sam Smith's title theme? How many sessions did Smith and Napes write the song? How long did Smith and Napes write the song? Who wrote "Writing's on the Wall"? When was the song released? What is Adele's name? Who trended on Twitter on the day it was released? What English band composed a song for the film? Who wrote "Skyfall"? Who trended on Twitter on the day it was released? What English band composed a song for the film? Who unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film? How many cars did Aston Martin and Eon unveil? What logo did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the Mexican Grand Prix? How many of those 10 were used for the film? How many cars did Aston Martin and Eon unveil? What logo did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the Mexican Grand Prix? What did Skyfall release on Eon's official social media accounts? What is the name of Skyfall? What was the name of Eon's official social media accounts? What is the name of Skyfall? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? What year was the final trailer for Spectre released? When did several members of the cast and crew appear in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Where was Spectre's world premiere? When was Spectre's world premiere? What was the name of the company's success with Spectre? What was the name of the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What company did Paramount Pictures release Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? How much money has Spectre grossed worldwide? How much of the takings have been generated from the UK market? How much money has Spectre grossed worldwide? How much did the film grossed in its first seven days? Who set the record for highest first-week opening? What was the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? How much did the UK grossed on its opening day? Who set the record for highest first-week opening? What was the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? What film broke the record for the best per-screen opening average? When did the Paris attacks occur? What percentage of India's $4.8 million is above the opening of Skyfall? Who sold over $6.32 million tickets in 2007? What country opened to $8.2 million? Who sold over $6.32 million tickets in 2007? What is the name of the top movie of the year in the Netherlands? How many screens did Spectre make from? How much did Skyfall's film gross in its opening weekend? How much did the projections for the weekend increase to? How much less was Skyfall's debut than Skyfall? How many screens did Spectre make from? What was the gross from its early showings on Thursday? How much did China earn on its opening day? How much did Skyfall earn from 14,700 screens? What percentage of Hollywood added $12.1 million in its second weekend? How much money did it have after four weekends? What is the name of the movie that opened in China? How much money did it have after four weekends? What is Metacritic's rating? How many critics are on Metacritic? What percentage of the critiques of Rotten Tomatoes were positive? What was the average grade of the film on an A+ to F scale? What percentage of the critiques of Rotten Tomatoes were positive? What is Metacritic's rating? Who described Spectre as a swaggering show of confidence? Who considered Spectre "solid if unspectacular"? How many stars did Mark Kermode give the film? How many stars did Mark Kermode give the film? Who criticised Spectre? Who gave the San Francisco Chronicle a perfect 100 score? How many grades did Richard Roeper give the Sun-Times? What film sustains its predecessor's nostalgia kick with a less sentimental bent? Who wrote in The Atlantic? What did Toppman call Craig's performance? What newspaper did Alyssa Rosenberg write for? What was the name of Craig's performance? Who censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux? What is the name of the Twitter board that prompted criticism of the board? What does Waltz's return depend on? In what year will a sequel to Spectre begin development? What year will the sequel to Spectre begin? How many people died in the Great Sichuan earthquake in 2008? What earthquake occurred in Sichuan in 2008? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? How many people died in the Great Sichuan earthquake in 2008? How many Ms was the Great Sichuan earthquake measured in 2008? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? Where did Beijing and Shanghai feel the tremor? What was the focal depth of Chengdu? How many months after the main quake did the aftershocks continue to hit the area? What is the name of the Wenchuan earthquake? Where is the Wenchuan earthquake located? How long was Chengdu's epicenter? What was the focal depth of Chengdu? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan province? How many people were homeless after the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? How many RMB would the Chinese government spend over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan province? How many people were injured in Sichuan? How many people were confirmed dead in Sichuan? How many people were homeless after the earthquake? How many people could be homeless after the earthquake? Where was the epicenter located? How long did the quake last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? How long did the quake last? What percentage of buildings were destroyed in the quake? Where did the earthquake occur? Along what border did the Longmenshan fault occur? How long did the rupture last? How long was the focus? Where did the earthquake occur? What is Yingxiu-Beichuan? How long did the rupture last? What was the maximum displacement? When did Geng Qingguo say a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory first released? What did Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008? In what region of Sichuan is a significant earthquake thought to have occurred? When did the quake occur in the Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan? What was the name of the premier who took an interest in Geng's work? What did the official deny the Seismological Bureau received? How long was the fault? Who warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months? What was the displacement of the earthquake? How long was the fault? How long was the fault? At what end of the fault did the earthquake increase the stress and probability of occurrence of future events? What is the risk of a major M>7 aftershock? How many people were killed in the Great Hanshin earthquake? How many stages did the earthquake occur? What was the length of the Longmenshan Fault? What caused the severity of the earthquake? How many times did the Great Hanshin earthquake release the energy of? Why did the seismic waves of the quake travel a long distance? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How long did the quake take place? On what date did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many total aftershocks were there on November 6, 2008? What was the strongest aftershock? How many aftershocks were there in 2008? On what date did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Why was the Ms 6.1 earthquake not part of the series? In what year was the Panzhihua earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What is the name of the Panzhihua earthquake? How many km2 of the affected area did CEA survey? What is the maximum liedu on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What is CSIS described as? What is the term for the maximum intensity at XI? What is the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault? How many metres was the surface slip on the Beichuan Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? What was the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault? What is the average slip in Beichuan Fault? Where was the Jin Mao Tower located? What did the receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say? How long were workers at a Ford plant evacuated? What airport was shut down? When did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopen? What was the name of the office buildings in Shanghai's financial district evacuated? What airport was shut down? Why did Cathay Pacific delay both legs of its quadruple daily route to London? What did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport serve as? In what city did reporters see cracks on the walls of residential buildings in Chengdu? What was evacuated from the building that housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics? Where was a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? How many petrol tanks was a train carrying? What did Chengdu report on? What was evacuated from the building that housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics? How many of the Olympic venues were damaged? Where was a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? What was the cause of the fire on a cargo train? How many highways were damaged in Wenchuan? How many buildings were collapsed in Beichuan County? What city is south-east of the epicenter? How many students survived in Dujiangyan? How many highways were damaged in Wenchuan? How did the rescue troops arrive in Wenchuan? How many buildings were collapsed in Beichuan County? How many chemical plants did Shifang have? How many students survived in Dujiangyan? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected? How did prices drop over speculation that demand from China would fall? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected? What did the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend? What was cut to the affected area after the earthquake? What was cut to the affected area after the earthquake? How many months did the Sichuan government restore telecommunications? What was cut to the affected area after the earthquake? What area of Sichuan was cut to after the earthquake? What government restored telecommunications Elements of telecommunications? How many major news and media websites were made accessible in the region? How many major news and media websites were made accessible in the region? How many base stations were suspended? How many towers were suspended? How many base stations were suspended? Why did China Mobile have more than 2,300 base stations suspended? How many wireless communications were lost in Sichuan province? What is the name of China Unicom? How many towers were suspended? What is the name of the National Nature Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many British tourists were visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? What is the name of the National Nature Reserve? How many pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged? How many children did Mao Mao have? Who was the mother of five at the breeding center? What is the name of the Hydropower Plant? How far is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? How many troops have been allocated to Zipingpu? How many dams were damaged by the quake? Where was the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located? How long is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What did a recent inspection indicate that the damage was less severe than initially feared? What reservoir is in danger of collapse? How many dams were damaged by the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake in Sichuan? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many people were killed in the quake in Sichuan? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were there in Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Beichuan County? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were there in Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Beichuan County? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? What is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan? Who told reporters in Beijing that the public health care system in China is insufficient? What did Qiang say the public health care system in China is insufficient? What caused the earthquake to hit an area that has been neglected and untouched by China's economic rise? Where is health care poor in Sichuan? What did Qiang say the public health care system in China is insufficient? What is the government responsible for providing to earthquake victims? How many school children died due to shoddy construction? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buryed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings did the province collapse? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? Why did thousands of school children die? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buryed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings did the province collapse? How many students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School? What year was Ai Weiwei's blog updated? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? Who was the artist and architect of the school? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? What did the Chinese government declare that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from? How many people were without housing? How many people could be without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many people could be without housing after the earthquake? How many people were without housing? How many people could be without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many pigs died in the Sichuan province? Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech? Who is Reginald DesRoches? When did the Tangshan earthquake occur? When did China create an adequate seismic design code? What team was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What did an international reconnaissance team of engineers do after the disaster? Why did many constructions fail towithstand the earthquake? What team was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What was the purpose of the survey? What is the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What was the hardest hit in rural villages? Who was the assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology? In what part of China did the earthquake occur? Why were many of the buildings not designed? What is the name of the building codes in China that take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues? What were many of the buildings presumably not built with? What is the estimated economic loss of the quake in Sichuan? How many cities in Sichuan suffer minor damage from the quake? What is the estimated economic loss in Sichuan? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? How many cities in Sichuan suffer minor damage from the quake? How many homes were collapsed on May 27? What was the magnitude of the aftershock? How many people were killed in the aftershock? How many people were injured on May 27? How many people were injured on May 27? Where did another aftershock of 6.1 Ms hit? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in 2008? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many households were still without permanent shelter? How many schools were reconstructed? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in 2008? How many people were killed or missing in the earthquake? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many homes were under reconstruction? How many households were still without permanent shelter? Who flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work? Who is Premier Wen Jiabao? What did Premier Wen Jiabao oversee? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch? How long after the earthquake did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? How many emergency medical teams did the Ministry of Health send to Wenchuan County? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch? Why did the soldiers find it difficult to get help to rural regions of the province? What is a Level II emergency contingency plan? What class of natural disasters does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? When did the plan rise to Level I? What is a Level II emergency plan that covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What class of natural disasters does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? What is a Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the State Seismological Bureau? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Armed Police General Hospital? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the earthquake relief team? How many military transport planes did the earthquake emergency relief team leave Beijing? What was the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of a Chinese construction engineer? What article reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of a Chinese construction engineer? When did many parents go to rubble of schools to mourn their children? Where did the surviving children live? What ceremony did the surviving children perform? What did many parents go to on Children's Day, June 1, 2008? On what date did many parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn their children? Where did the surviving children live? How much did Central State-owned enterprises donate? How many yuan did Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much did Central State-owned enterprises donate? How many yuan did Sinopec donate each to the disaster area? How much did China receive in donated money and goods? How many countries did China donate to rescue efforts? How many international organizations did China receive? What was the largest aid donor to China? How much money did Saudi Arabia provide to China? How much did China receive from 19 countries and four international organizations? What was the largest aid donor to China? How many international organizations did China receive? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How long did the plan last? What was the State Council's counterpart support plan? How many counties are there in the plan? How long did the plan last? How much of the province or municipality's budget did the plan cost? What happened to the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau? What did the Zipingpu Dam do? What was the effect of tectonic movement? What had the government disregarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area? What was the name of the area that the government had disregarded warnings about? What type of data have researchers been denied access to to examine the cause of the quake? What did researchers do to model future earthquake predictions? When did the Sichuan earthquake occur? What was the aim of the Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences? What did Strachimir Mavrodiev collect from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was? What was not received before the earthquake? What was Gary Gibson's view of the earthquake? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? What was the magnitude of an earthquake in Sichuan? How long did the Sichuan earthquake last? How long did the Sichuan earthquake last? There was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible? What did experts and the general public want to know about the quake? What is not yet established science? Who was the Taipei Fire Department from? How many Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village? Why did the Red Cross Society of China say it was inconvenient? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend? Why did the Red Cross Society of China recommend donating cash instead of other items? What is the height of the village of Sier? What caused landslides in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force? What caused landslides in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue force? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? What industry provided 30 helicopters? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? Who was the Tzu Chi Foundation? When did Taiwan accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? When did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? Who was the Tzu Chi Foundation? What did China accept to cope with the quake? How did China cope with the quake? Who made a direct chartered cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? When did the chartered flight depart Taipei? On what date did the rescue team depart to Chengdu? Who made a chartered cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? What was the name of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport? Where did China Airlines make a direct chartered cargo flight? What group was scheduled to depart Taipei on May 16? Where did China Airlines make a direct chartered cargo flight? What did the United States share with the Chinese authorities? Who shared some of the satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with the United States? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? On what date did rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan join the rescue effort? What did the United States share with Chinese authorities? How many generators did the US send into China? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What was widely used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What did Xinhua set up? What does Xinhua want to find? What area did rescue helicopters have trouble landing in? What was widely used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What news agency set up an online rescue request center to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? Who proposed a landing spot in Wenchuan? What do volunteers set up to help store? On what date did a rescue helicopter crash in Wenchuan? When did China celebrate the first anniversary of the quake? How long did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? How long did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? When did China celebrate the first anniversary of the quake? What is the name of the museum that will be frozen in time? How many concerts were there to raise money for the survivors of the quake? What did the government remind people of? What did people donate? What did China Unicom and China Mobile set up? Where were donations made after the earthquake? What did people donate? What was set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations? What did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How much did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How many tents did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How much money has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? How much money has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms did the earthquake cause? What is a catch phrase for Chinese citizens? How many schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? How many schoolrooms did the earthquake cause? What is a catch phrase for Chinese citizens? What type of children may be registered as legal replacements for their dead siblings? What is the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV-1? Who hosted The Giving of Love? How many Chinese Yuan did the Donations of the evening total? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of Jackie Chan's music video? What was the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV-1? How much did the Chinese Yuan spend in the evening? What was the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV on May 18? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of Jackie Chan's music video? What is the first time the Chinese media has lived up to international standards? What was Myanmar's blockage of during the Cyclone Nargis? What is the first time that the Chinese media has lived up to international standards? Who praised China's media coverage of the quake? When was the Tangshan earthquake? What was the result of the landslides? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? What was the magnitude of the 7.9 earthquake? What resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages? What was the result of the landslides? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? How many villages had to be evacuated? Where was Mount Tangjia located? How was the Mount Tangjia accessible? What was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? When was the dam evacuated from Mianyang? Where was the most precarious of the quake-lakes located? Where was Mount Tangjia located? How many soldiers arrived on site by foot? Who declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? How many days of mourning did the State Council declare for the quake victims? Who was the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao Zedong? When did the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions fly at half mast? On what road did Beijing's roads come to a halt? How long was the mourning period for the quake victims? Which Olympic torch relay was scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning? Who announced that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of mourning? Who announced that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? Where is the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? What route was scaled down? Where did the next leg of the torch start? What did many websites convert their home page to? What did Sina.com and Sohu remove? What were the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft? What slogan did crowds cheer in Tiananmen Square? What casino closed down in Macau? Who is the principal of Sangzao Middle School? When did the earthquake happen? How many students attended the Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao? How many yuan did he get from the county education department? Who is the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who is the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What county is Sangzao Middle School located in? In what year did he oversaw a major overhaul of his school? How many collapsed schools did Chinese prosecutors join an inquiry into? Where were safety checks to be carried out after last month's earthquake? How many collapsed schools did Chinese prosecutors join an inquiry into? What do Chinese prosecutors prepare for? Where were safety checks to be carried out? How many collapsed schools did Reuters report in June? What did officials push parents to sign a document to forbade them from holding protests? Who broke up protests by parents? Who did the New York Times say they are investigating the collapse of the New York Times? What did officials push parents to sign a document? What did officials push parents to sign a document to forbade them from holding protests? What did some people who refused to sign a document do? What did officials order the Chinese news media to stop reporting on? Who was detained on June 25, 2008? Why was Liu investigated? Who was Liu Shaokun? What did Liu's family believe he was being investigated on? Where did Liu put the collapsed school buildings online? In what interview did he express his anger at the tofu-dregs buildings? How long was he ordered to serve? In what year was Tan Zuoren sentenced to prison? In what year did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction? What type of construction did Tan Zuoren attempt to document? What country requested the support of the international community? How did foreign nations respond to the quake? On what date did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? On what date did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? Why did China respond to the quake? How much did Yao Ming give to the Red Cross Society of China? How much money has the association collected? How many yuan were donated by the Chinese public? Who donated 10.7 billion yuan? Who was one of the country's most popular sports icons? How much money has the association collected? What did Francis Marcus praise the rescue effort of the Chinese? What did the Economist say China reacted to the disaster? What did Burma's response to Cyclone Nargis have? How many days before the earthquake did Burma have a secretive response to Cyclone Nargis? Who praised the rescue effort in Beijing? What did all Mainland Chinese television stations replace their cancelled programming with? What footage did Mainland Chinese television stations use for their cancelled programming? What did pay television channels have their programmes suspended? What country was praised for its response to the quake? What was the result of the quake? What did Myanmar's military junta blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis? What have local officials and builders accused of cutting corners in school construction? What did parents of children lose in collapsed schools complain they had yet to receive? What did censors discourage from being published in the media? What has the state-controlled media largely ignored? What is the propaganda bureau that has largely ignored the issue? Who reported that the state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue? What did builders replace with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement? What do builders replace with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement? Who did not check to see if it met the national standards? Who have not been brought to justice? How many families have lost their only child? Why were parents warned not to stage a protest? Who warned parents not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? How many families have lost their only child? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? How many boroughs are in New York City? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? How many people live in New York in 2014? How many square miles is New York's population? How many people live in the Combined Statistical Area? How many boroughs are in New York City? How many boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? How many people live in New York in 2014? How many languages are spoken in New York? When was New York City named New Amsterdam? In what year was New York City named New Amsterdam? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? When did the city and its surroundings come under English control? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? In what year was New York City named New Amsterdam? When was New York City named New Amsterdam? When did the city and its surroundings come under English control? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many stations are in the New York City Subway? Where is New York City located? How many colleges and universities are in New York City's higher education network? What are the two largest stock exchanges in the world? What are now Long Island and Staten Island? What was the name of the glaciation that occurred during the Wisconsinan glaciation? How many feet in depth was the New York City region? What was the name of the Lenape's homeland? When was the first documented visit by a European? Who sailed La Dauphine into New York Harbor? What ship did Giovanni da Verrazzano sail into? What was the name of the area he claimed for France? What was the name of the area he named for France? When was the first documented visit by a European? What ship did Giovanni da Verrazzano sail into? What was the name of the area he claimed for France? When did Gomes arrive in New York Harbor? Who led the Spanish expedition? What was the name of the Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V? Who was the captain of Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the purpose-built caravel that arrived in New York Harbor in 1525? What was the name of the river that Gomes charted the mouth of? What is the name of the first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously? Who re-discovered the region when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? What is the name of the company that sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? How many days did he spend exploring the area? What did the Mauritis River call the Hudson River? What is the name of the company that sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? Who re-discovered the region when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? Where was Domingo born? What was Juan Rodriguez translated to? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? Who is Broadway named in honor of? When did Domingo arrive in Manhattan? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? Where is Broadway located? Where was a Dutch fur trading settlement founded? What was the name of the Fort Amsterdam? In what year was construction started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam? Who purchased Manhattan from the Canarsie? In what year was Manhattan purchased for a value of 60 guilders? In what year did a permanent European presence begin in New York? In what year was construction started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam? How much was Manhattan bought for? What did the English rename the fledgling city? Who was the Duke of York? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender to the English? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Prince of Orange? When did Anthonio Colve take over New York? What did Anthonio Colve rechristen the colony of New York? When did the Dutch return the island to England? Who took over the colony of New York from England? Where did Anthonio Colve take over the colony of New York? Who was the Prince of Orange? When was the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of Lenape by 1700? What island did the English gain control of at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of Lenape by 1700? When was the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What percentage of households held slaves by 1730? Charleston, South Carolina is more than what other city? Where was the new federal courthouse built? What was the name of the new federal courthouse near Foley Square? Charleston, South Carolina is more than what other city? When did Discovery of the African Burying Ground occur? When was John Peter Zenger trialed? Who was trialed in Manhattan in 1735? In what year was Columbia University founded? Who founded Columbia University? Who founded Columbia University? Who was trialed in Manhattan in 1735? In what year was Columbia University founded? When did the Stamp Act Congress meet in New York? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island fought? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? How many escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation? When did the British forces evacuate? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island fought? When did the British forces evacuate? When was the Conference House held? Who was the British general on September 11, 1776? What was the cause of the Great Fire of New York? Where did the Great Fire of New York occur? What is the name of the church that was destroyed by the Great Fire of New York? Who was the British general on September 11, 1776? When did the Great Fire of New York occur? In what year did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national capital? Who was the first President of the United States in 1789? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? What was the largest city in the US? In what year did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the capital? What was New York's capital shortly after the war? When was George Washington inaugurated? In what year did New York surpass Philadelphia? When was New York State's abolition act? Where did the free-black population develop? Who was the founder of the New York Manumission Society? When was slavery abolished? How many black people were there in 1840? When was New York State's abolition act? When was slavery abolished? What was the Commissioners' Plan of 1811? When was the Erie Canal completed? Who was a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? Who supported Tammany Hall? When was the Erie Canal completed? What was the name of the first landscaped park in an American city? In what year did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? In what year did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people lived in New York by 1860? How much of New York's population was in 1860? What percentage of New York's population was German in 1860? What had disrupted societies? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people lived in New York by 1860? Who called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded? How much did the commutation fee cost to hire a substitute? What were the most visible participants of the Draft Riots of 1863? How many people were killed? How many blacks were in Manhattan by 1865? How many children escaped harm? In what year was the City of New York formed? When was the subway opened? What part of the County of New York included parts of? When was the subway opened? In what year did the steamship General Slocum catch fire in the East River? How many people were killed in the East River in 1904? What was the name of the city's worst industrial disaster? How many garment workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? How many garment workers were killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the name of the city's worst industrial disaster? What was the population of New York's non-white population in 1890? When did the Harlem Renaissance flourish? What was the population of New York's non-white population in 1890? What was the most populous urbanized area in the world in the 1920s? What was the first megacity in human history? Who was elected mayor of Tammany Hall? How many years of political dominance did Tammany Hall fall? What was the first megacity in human history? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? What city was the center of the art world? What did the rise of in the city precipitate New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? When did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? What was the name of the police raid that took place in the Stonewall riots? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? When did New York's population reach all-time highs? When did New York's population reach all-time highs? What is the name of the new sectors that emerged in the city's economy? When did New York's crime rate increase? In what decade did job losses due to industrial restructuring cause New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? In what decade did job losses due to industrial restructuring cause New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? How many of the terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What was the name of the flight that was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? How many firefighters were killed in the 9/11 attacks? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How tall is the One World Trade Center? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? How many of the terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Who wrote The National Review? When was the National Review published? Who defended New York? Who ridiculed the liberalism of New York values? Where is New York City located? Where is New York City located? Where is New York City located? Where does the Hudson River feed into? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? Where does the Hudson River feed into? What is the name of the three islands in New York City? What state does the Hudson River separate the city from? What river separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What river flows through the Bronx and Westchester County? Where does the Hudson River flow through? Where is the river an estuary? What state does the Hudson River separate the city from? What river flows through the Bronx and Westchester County? What river separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What was the name of Battery Park City? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is water? How many sq mi is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? What is the highest point in the city? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is water? How many sq mi is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? How far above sea level is Todt Hill? What is the oldest building in New York? In what city is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? What is the name of the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? What is the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? When did the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House date to? What is the name of the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? How many high-rise buildings did New York City have in 2011? What was New York City's second highest-rise building in the world? How many buildings were completed in New York City in 2011? When was the Woolworth Building built? How many buildings were completed in New York City in 2011? What was New York City's second highest-rise building in the world? How many buildings were completed in New York City in 2011? When was the Empire State Building built? What style did the Chrysler Building and Empire State Building reflect? Where are the eagles located? What is the name of the Seagram Building? Who awarded the Condé Nast Building? What are the eagles at the corners of the Chrysler Building? When was the Empire State Building built? When was the Chrysler Building built? Where is Riverdale located? Where is Ditmas Park located? Where is Douglaston located? When were the shabby tenements built? What architectural styles are large single-family homes common in? What type of rowhouses are often defined by New York's residential districts? When was the Great Fire? How many stories did the city need to install on buildings higher than in the 1800s? What is the name of the area in which Garden apartments became popular in the 1920s? What became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835? What is a distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings? In what year did the United States Geological Survey publish an updated analysis of seismic hazard? How many of the boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? How many boroughs are there in New York City? How many of the boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days of sunshine does the area average? How many hours of sunshine are there per annum? What type of climate is Dfa? What is the coldest month in the Köppen climate classification? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days of sunshine does the area average? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? Who shields Pittsburgh from colder air? What is the daily mean temperature in January? What is the average humidity level in July? How many days per summer do daytime temperatures exceed? On what date did Extreme temperatures range from 15 °F to 106 °F? How many degrees Fahrenheit have been recorded on July 9, 1936? When did Extreme temperatures range from 15 °F to 26 °C? On what date did extreme temperatures range from 15 °F to 106 °F? How many inches of precipitation does the city receive annually? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? When did the storm surge occur in New York City? How many inches of precipitation does the city receive annually? What caused a destructive storm surge to New York City on October 29, 2012? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the Department of Parks and Recreation in New York? What is the name of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation? Who operates the lands of the City of New York? What is the name of the park system in Minneapolis? What city was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities? What is the name of the park system in Minneapolis? How many acres does Gateway National Recreation Area have? How many acres of salt marsh, islands, and water are in Gateway National Recreation Area? What is the name of the park that includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula? What is the name of the park that includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula? What is the name of the Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens? How many acres does Gateway National Recreation Area have? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is the name of the General Grant National Memorial? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What is the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? Where are the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? Where are the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? What is the name of the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village? What is the name of the General Grant National Memorial? How many state parks are in New York City? How many acres is Riverbank State Park? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many state parks are in New York City? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many acres of parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres of parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? What is the name of the US military's only active duty installation in New York City? In what year was the fort built in Brooklyn? In what year was Brooklyn founded? What division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers is Fort Hamilton? What is the name of the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron? What is the name of the US military's only active duty installation in New York City? In what year was the fort built in Brooklyn? In what year was Brooklyn founded? Where is Fort Totten located? How many residents were in New York City in 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? How many people lived in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York City's population is New York State's population? What percentage of New York City's population is New York State's population? How many residents were in New York City in 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? How much of New York City's population is New York State's population? What was the population density of New Jersey in 2014? What is Manhattan's population density per square mile? In what county is New Jersey more dense? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was Asian? What percentage of the city's population was non-Hispanic white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? When did the number of blacks decline over a decade? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was black in 2010? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? Where was the term "melting pot" first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods? What group constituted the largest immigrant group by 1900? What percentage of the city's population was white in 1940? What group was the largest immigrant group by 1900? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 18 and 1924? What percentage of the city's population is foreign born? What was the largest source of foreignborn individuals in the city in 2011? How many Bangladeshi immigrants were there in 2013? What is the largest source of foreignborn individuals in the Dominican Republic? How much of the city's population is foreign born? What is the state's largest Asian American population? What is the name of the city in which Chinatown is located? What percentage of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity in 2012? What is the state's largest Asian American population? What percentage of Japan's population is Korean? How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York in 2012? How many non-Hispanic whites were in Houston in 2012? How many Russian Americans were there in 2012? What was Chicago's non-Hispanic white population in 2012? Where are Albanian Americans most concentrated? How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York in 2012? How many people live in the New York City metropolitan area? How many Jews live in the region in 2012? How much of the nation's Indian Americans are in the Little India enclaves? How many Hispanics live in the United States? How many Chinatowns are in New York City? What was the population of Puerto Ricans in 2013? What is the name of the Dominican Republic? In what country did Ghana come from Africa? What is the name of the country in Central America? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were Same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did same-sex marriages begin in New York? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were Same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did same-sex marriages begin in New York? What percentage of Jews live in Brooklyn? What is Catholicism? How many Jews live in Brooklyn? How many Jews live in Brooklyn? What is the ranking of New York City's public schoolchildren? What religion was the most prevalent in New York as of 2014? What religion was the most prevalent in New York as of 2014? How many Jews live in Brooklyn? What percentage of self-identified with no organized religious affiliation in 2014? What is the ranking of New York City's public schoolchildren? What is the Gini Coefficient? What is the Gini Coefficient of New York City? Who was the former Mayor of New York in 2013? What percentage of people live in New York in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What is the Gini Coefficient of New York City? What city is metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere? Who published the first Global Economic Power Index in 2012? When did the Port of New York and New Jersey handle record cargo volume? In what year did New York City top the first Global Economic Power Index? How many private sector jobs are there in the city? What magazine did New York City top the FDi Magazine rankings for 2013? How much was the total value of all New York City property assessed for the 2015 fiscal year? What is the market value of the Time Warner Center? How much did 450 Park Avenue cost per square foot? How much did 450 Park Avenue cost per square foot? How many zip codes did Manhattan have in 2014? What is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city? How many Madison Avenues were sold in 2007? What is the name of New York City's top global center for the advertising industry? How many employees are in the city's fashion industry? How much does the city's fashion industry provide employees? Who was the top global center for the advertising industry in 2013? How many employees are in the city's fashion industry? Who were the global advertising agencies of as of 2013? How many residents are employed in food processing? How much does food processing cost? What city's garment industry is showing a resurgence? How much does New York City's chocolate export cost each year? In what city was Godiva headquartered? Where is Godiva headquartered? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? Who is one of the world's largest chocolatiers? How many jobs did the city's securities industry enumerate in August 2013? What percentage of the city's private sector jobs were in 2012? How much of the city's tax revenue did the securities industry generate in 2012? What is the average salary of the city's securities industry? How much of the city's tax revenue was generated in 2012? How many jobs did the city's securities industry enumerate in August 2013? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? How much did Wall Street's investment banking fees total in 2012? What percentage of New York State's tax revenue was generated by Wall Street's securities industry in 2013-14? Who took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the New York Stock Exchange located? How many square feet of office space did Manhattan have in 2015? How many square feet of office space did Midtown Manhattan have in 2015? How many square feet of office space did Manhattan have in 2015? Where is Silicon Alley located? Where is Verizon Communications located? How much did Verizon pay for a fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade? How many employees did New York City have in the tech sector in 2014? How many employees did New York City have in the tech sector in 2014? What is the name of the graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech? How much money did Bloomberg choose to build Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology? What is the name of the graduate school on Roosevelt Island? How much did Accelerator raise from investors? How many square feet is the Alexandria Center for Life Science? What is the name of the graduate school on Roosevelt Island? How many tourists did New York City receive in 2011? How many tourists did New York City receive in 2011? How many tourists did New York City receive in 2013? How much did the economy impact New York City in 2014? How many tourists did New York City receive in 2013? How many tourists did New York City receive in 2011? What is a logo and song that are the basis of an advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York used to promote tourism in New York City? Who owns the trademarked logo? What is a logo and song that are the basis of an advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York used to promote tourism in New York City? What is a logo and song that are the basis of an advertising campaign? Where is the Halloween Parade held? What is the name of Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade? Where is the Manhattan Chinatown located? What is the name of the free performances in Central Park? Where is the Unisphere located? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? How much did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? Who purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? Who purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? How many feature films are produced annually in New York City? How many people were employed in New York City in 2012? How much money did New York generate in direct expenditures? What city was the top North American city for the 2013/2014 cycle? What is the name of the record label that is located in New York? What is the largest media market in North America? How many of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York? How many people are employed in the publishing industry? What is the name of the newspaper that has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism? What is the name of the newspaper that has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism? In what year was The New York Daily News founded? Who founded The New York Daily News in 1801? How many consumer magazines have an office in the city? How many consumer magazines have an office in the city? How many consumer magazines have an office in the city? What is the name of the newspaper that has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism? In what year was The New York Daily News founded? What are the three major American broadcast networks headquartered in New York? What is the name of the public broadcast service in New York? What is the name of the cable network that is based in the city? What is the name of the cable network that is based in the city? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What is the name of the city's major public television station? What is the name of the public radio station owned by the city until 1997? In what year did WNYC have the largest public radio audience in the US? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What is the name of the public radio station owned by the city until 1997? Who manages the New York City Public Schools system? How many students are in the New York City Public Schools system? How many separate primary and secondary schools are there in the New York City Public Schools system? How many high schools are there? How many students are in the New York City Public Schools system? How many high schools are there? The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools? How many privately run secular and religious schools are there in the city? How many students are enrolled in the City University of New York? What percentage of Manhattan residents were college graduates in 2005? What percentage of Manhattan residents had a postgraduate degree in 2005? How many institutions are in the CUNY system? How many students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions? What is the largest collection of any public library system in the United States? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What public library serves Brooklyn? Where does the New York Public Library serve? Who operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City? How many acute care hospitals does HHC operate? How much money does HHC have in annual revenues? How many patients does HHC serve? How many uninsured city residents are in HHC? In what year was HHC created? How many acute care hospitals does HHC operate? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? Who is the president of HHC? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? What is Ramanathan Raju? Where is Ramanathan Raju? Who is Ramanathan Raju? How many sworn officers are there in the New York City Police Department? What is the nickname of the NYPD? What is the largest police force in the United States? How many sworn officers are there in the New York City Police Department? What is the nickname of the NYPD? How many homicides did New York have in 2014? What percentage of crime in New York City decreased from 1993 to 2005? Where was New York City's crime rate similar to Provo? In what year did the city record fewer than 500 homicides? How many homicides did New York have in 2014? What percentage of all shooting victims in New York City were black or Hispanic? What were the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the 1820s? Who dominated the Mafia in the 20th century? What were the Five Points in the 1820s? What gang did the Mafia have in the 20th century? What is the second largest fire department in the world? What is the name of the fire department in New York City? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is the name of the fire department in New York City? What is the second largest fire department in the world? How many uniformed firefighters do the FDNY employ? How many uniformed firefighters are there in the FDNY? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is one of the largest subway systems in the world? What type of fires can be caused by large parks and wooded areas? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the Metrotech Center located? In what decade was the city a center of jazz? When was hip hop born? What was the name of the cultural movement that established the African-American literary canon in the United States? In what decade was the city a center of jazz? What type of expressionism did the city have in the 1950s? In what decade was hip hop the birthplace of hip hop? What city has been considered the dance capital of the world? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What is abstract expressionism also known as? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? Who compiled the list of fashion capitals in New York? When did New York City theaters begin featuring a new stage form? How many art galleries are in New York City? Where did New York City theaters begin featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical? Who was influenced by Harrigan? How many arts and cultural organizations are there in New York City? What type of lighting led to elaborate theater productions? What was the attendance in 2013-2014? What is the name of the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District? How much did Broadway shows sell in 2013-2014? What percentage of tickets were sold in 2013-2014? What was the attendance in 2013-2014? How many people attended the 2013-2014 season? How many restaurants are assigned letter grades? How many mobile food vendors are licensed by the city? How many restaurants are assigned letter grades? What is the name of the department of Health and Mental Hygiene in New York City? How many of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world? When were the Brooklyn Dodgers born? What are the four most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide? What are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world? When were the Brooklyn Dodgers born? What is the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer? How many professional leagues are there in the New York metropolitan area? How many professional teams has the city played host to? What is New York described as? How many Major League Baseball World Series teams have won 73 pennants? What is New York described as? How many baseball teams does the San Francisco Bay Area have? How many Major League Baseball World Series teams have won 73 pennants? How many pennants have won by New York teams? How many baseball teams does the San Francisco Bay Area have? How many World Series teams played in New York City? How many World Series teams played each other in New York City? Where do the New York Giants and the Jets play their home games? In what year did MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? Who is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets? Where do the New York Giants and the Jets play their home games? Where do the New York Giants and the Jets play their home games? In what year was the Super Bowl XLVIII hosted? In what year did MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? Who represent the city in the National Hockey League? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? Who represent the city in the National Hockey League? Who represent the city in the National Hockey League? What are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks? What is the city's Women's National Basketball Association? When was the National Invitation Tournament held? What is the city's Women's National Basketball Association? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship? When was the National Invitation Tournament held? What are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks? Where is the United States Open Tennis Championships held? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? What is the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races? In what year did the U.S. Open golf tournament take place? Where are the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? Where is the United States Open Tennis Championships held? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? How many finishers did the New York Marathon hold in 2006? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? Where are the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? What street version of baseball was popularized by youths in the 1930s? When was Stickball Boulevard renamed? What street was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? How many stations are in operation in the New York City Subway system? What is the name of the world's largest railway station? How many passengers ride the New York City Subway in 2014? What is the name of the world's largest railway station? How many minutes a day do New York City residents spend getting to work? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005? What percentage of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace? How many minutes a day do New York City residents spend getting to work? What percentage of households do not have a car? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What is the main intercity bus terminal of New York City? How many buses does the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve? How many commuters do the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve daily? What is the main intercity bus terminal of New York City? What are the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? What is the name of the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? What is the busiest airport in New York? Where is Stewart International Airport located? How many travelers used the three busiest airports in 2012? What is the world's busiest ferry route? How many hours a day does the Staten Island Ferry run? How many miles is the Staten Island Ferry? How many passengers are on the Staten Island Ferry route? How many passengers are on the Staten Island Ferry route? What is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is an icon of the city itself? In what year was the first steel-wire suspension bridge opened? What is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge? What is the name of the busiest motor vehicle bridge in the world? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is the architectural style of the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge? In what year was the first steel-wire suspension bridge opened? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? When did the Holland Tunnel open? When was the Queens-Midtown Tunnel completed? Who was the first person to drive through it? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? Which island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey? What was the name of the first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel in the world? Who was the first person to drive through it? How many cyclists live in New York in 2014? How many cyclists live in New York in 2014? What percentage of all modes of travel are in the city? How many public bicycles did Citibank sponsor? Who conducted research at Quinnipiac University? What ranking did Walk Score give New York City the most walkable large city in the US? What is the watershed in the Catskill Mountains? What is the watershed in the Catskill Mountains? How much water is the Croton Watershed undergoing construction? How many gallons of water does the Croton Watershed have daily? What percentage of New York City's water supply is added to the Croton Watershed? Where is the Croton Watershed located? How many council members are in the City Council? How many consecutive-terms can a consecutive-term limit resume? How long are Mayor and council members elected? How many council members are in the City Council? How many consecutive-terms can a consecutive-term limit resume? What are the codes of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal? How many years are the Mayor and council members elected to? What percentage of registered voters are Democrats? What percentage of registered voters are Democrats? Who became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? Who won the five boroughs in 1924? What party holds the majority of public offices? What percentage of registered voters are Democrats? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? How many licensed physicians were practicing in New York City in 2012? Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located? How many Nobel laureates have roots in local institutions as of 2004? How many emergency room visits do HHC's facilities provide each year? How many emergency room visits do HHC's facilities provide each year? How many emergency room visits do HHC's facilities provide each year? How many general hospital discharges do HHC facilities treat? How many emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits are there in New York City? What type of pollution can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels? What is the end of the crack? Who was the author of New York? What is the name of the National Library of Australia? Who describes New York City as the cultural capital of the world? Which diplomatic consulates describe New York City as the cultural capital of the world? Where is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? Where is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? Where is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute located? Where is Tisch School of the Arts based? Where is SummerStage located? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue that runs from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan? When was the Museum for African Art opened? When did the Museum for African Art open? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue that runs from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan? What is another name for the New York dialect? What character was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech? Who played Archie Bunker? What is the pronunciation of the city name? Who plays their home games at Yankee Stadium? Where do New York City FC of Major League Soccer play their home games? Where do the New York Red Bulls play their home games? Who is one of the world's most famous soccer players? Where do the Cosmos play their home games? How many of the nation's rail riders live in New York City? How many rail lines are there? How many rail lines are there? Which airport is connected to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? How many rail lines are in the Grand Central Terminal? What is the busiest train station in New York City? How many of the six rapid transit systems in the world operate on 24-hour schedules? Where is the PATCO Speedline located? What is the name of the Metro that operates on 24-hour schedules? What train connects Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey? What is the name of the multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit project in New York City? How many yellow taxicabs are there? What is an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island? What type of organizations are used as metonyms for national industries in the city? What are some of the national industries that are used as metonyms in the city? What are some of the streets and avenues used as metonyms for? Which avenues are used as metonyms for national industries? When are traffic jams a daily occurrence? What is the name of the area that connects New York City's boroughs to each other? What is the name of the area that connects New York City's boroughs to each other? Where are Queens and Brooklyn located? Where are Queens and Brooklyn located? What are the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island coterminous with? What is one example of Structural Expressionism? What is an important piece of cantilever architecture? How many hybrid taxis did New York have in 2010? What percentage of New York's taxi fleet is in service? What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions did de Blasio reduce between 2014 and 2050? What is the name of the Hearst Tower? In what case did the EPA regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants? How long is Newtown Creek? How many gallons of spilled oil were there in the Port of New York and New Jersey? What was one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country? What type of government does New York City have since its consolidation in 1898? When was New York City's mayor-council form of government consolidated? Where is the Second Department of the Supreme Court located? Where is the First Department of the Supreme Court located? What are extrajudicial administrative courts that are not part of the state Unified Court System? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? Where is the District Court for the Eastern District of New York located? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? Where is the District Court for the Eastern District of New York located? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? Where are four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions? Which ZIP code generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry? How many cents in services does the federal government receive for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes? How much money does New York send to the state of New York each year? How much money does the federal government send annually? What was the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. renamed? When was the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. restructured? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What prize did it win? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What are the plot and characters loosely based on? Where is the book widely taught? What type of novel is To Kill a Mockingbird? What are the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? Where does Lee address issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles? What does To Kill a Mockingbird use? Who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird? In what year did British librarians rank the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die? What year was the film adapted into an Oscar-winning film? In what year was a play based on the novel performed? Who adapted the film into an Oscar-winning film in 1962? What did British librarians rank the book ahead of in 2006? Who starred in the screenplay? Who adapted the film into an Oscar-winning film in 1962? Where is Harper Lee's play based? When did Lee die? What was Lee's only published book? What was Lee's only published book? When was Go Set a Watchman published? When did Lee die? Who was Harper Lee's friend? When did Lee move to New York City? Which company did Lee work as a reservation clerk? Where did Harper Lee grow up? When was Harper Lee born? Who was Harper Lee's friend? Where did she attend Huntingdon College? Where did she study law? Who bought the manuscript? What was the name of the first draft of Lippincott's manuscript? Who was Tay Hohoff Torrey? Who was Tay Hohoff's editor? What was Lee's mother's condition? Who was Atticus? Who was Atticus? When was the book published? How long did Lee spend writing To Kill a Mockingbird? What type of book did Reader's Digest Condensed Books choose for reprinting in part? Where is the seat of Maycomb County? How many years did the Great Depression take place? How many summers of friendship did Scout and Jem have with Dill? Who is the boy that Jem and Scout befriend? Where is the seat of Maycomb County? How many years did the Great Depression take place? Who lives with her older brother, Jem? Who has been accused of raping a young white woman? Who has been accused of raping a young white woman? Who shamed the mob into dispersing? Who does Atticus not want to be present at Tom Robinson's trial? From what balcony does Dill watch from? What is the color of the balcony on the main floor? Who is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison? Who do Jem and Scout attack while they walk home on a dark night after the Halloween pageant? What pageant did he attack the Jem and Scout? Who does Scout realize that Jem is Boo Radley? Who is humiliated by the events of the trial? Who does Scout realize that Jem is Boo Radley? Who discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight? What did Ewell fall on? What does Lee say To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography? In what year did Amasa Coleman Lee defend two black men? What was Lee's mother's age? Who was the editor and publisher of Monroeville newspaper? Who lived next door to Lee? When did Capote and Lee travel to Kansas to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for In Cold Blood? What was the name of Capote's nonfiction novel? Who was Lee's childhood friend? What typewriter did Lee's father give them? What did Capote call the two of them? How old was Lee when he was 10 years old? Who did a white woman accuse a black man of raping her? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in 1955? What is Emmett Till's death credited as? What was the purpose of the Scottsboro case? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in 1955? Who suggests one interpretation for the book's title? Who uses parody, satire, and irony? Where does Jem lock a classmate when Atticus is out of town? Who escorts Scout and Jem to her church? What does she prefer to do in her ham costume? In what costume does she prefer to go home? What is To Kill a Mockingbird? What is To Kill a Mockingbird? Who does Scout revere as an authority over all others? What is a caterpillar wrapped in? What are the separations of race and class? What did Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person spark? What was To Kill a Mockingbird primarily concerned with? What did black males merely hint at sexual contact with during the time of the novel? How many times was Tom shot? What was the punishment for the accused? Who convicted Robinson? How many times is Tom shot? What must Atticus shoot? Who must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens? Who punishes Scout for embarrassing Walter Cunningham? Who did Atticus stand up to? Who embarrasses Scout? Who is Jane Austen of South Alabama? What did Austen and Lee value? What was Lee's approach to class and race more complex than ascribing racial prejudice to? What do issues of gender and class intensify? What does Atticus' admonition gain a greater understanding of? Atticus tells Jem that courage is when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what? Who is Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus? What has the novel been noted for its exploration of different forms of? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? What do Charles Shields's lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain? What is the name of Mayella Ewell? Who are the feminine influences of Atticus and Jem? Who are the feminine influences of Atticus and Jem? What does Mrs. Dubose chastise Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole? What does Jean Louise say about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child? Who molested Boo? Who are the fathers described as abusers? Who has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife? Who were children once? What does Aunt Alexandra refuse to wear? What type of songbirds appear throughout the novel? Who shares Lee's mother's maiden name? What is a key motif of the mockingbird theme? What is a key motif of the mockingbird theme? What is a key motif of the mockingbird theme? Who wrote 'To kill a mockingbird'? What is the name of the book that was included in the Book of the Month Club? What is the name of the book that was included in the Book of the Month Club? How many languages was To Kill a Mockingbird translated into? How many languages has it been translated into? How many copies has it sold? How many copies has it sold? How many languages has it been translated into? What was the name of the book that Mary McDonagh Murphy wrote? Who wrote the book Scout, Atticus, and Boo? What was the name of the book that Mary McDonagh Murphy wrote? What did Atticus Finch become? What is Atticus Finch's model of integrity? In what year did the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus? Who erected a monument to Atticus in 1997? Who is the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the poor? In what year was To Kill a Mockingbird the subject of classroom study? How many books were challenged in 2000-2009? In what year was To Kill a Mockingbird the subject of classroom study? How many books were challenged in 2000-2009? In what year did a parent protest that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral? What did a parent protest about the use of as a plot device? Who did Ewell attraction to? What was the name of the book that received the most complaints from private organizations? In what decade was the novel cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement? What book is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War? What book is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War? Who was Capote's biological father? Who was Lee's childhood friend? Who was Lee's older sister? Who was Lee's childhood friend? Who was Lee's editor at Lippincott? When was To Kill a Mockingbird awarded the Pulitzer Prize? How many weeks was To Kill a Mockingbird on the bestseller list in 1961? When was the Paperback of the Year awarded? When did Lee turn down interviews? What award did To Kill a Mockingbird receive in 1961? When did Lee turn down interviews? In what year was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? How many communities chose the novel for variations of the citywide reading program? Who initiated a reading program throughout Chicago's libraries? Who initiated a reading program throughout Chicago's libraries? How many communities chose the novel for variations of the citywide reading program? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? When was Lee awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? When was the book made into the well-received film with the same title? Who was Atticus Finch? Who was Atticus Finch? What was Lee's father's pocketwatch? Who was Peck's grandson named? What was Lee's father's pocketwatch? Who was Peck's grandson named? When did Lee make an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What was the name of Peck's widow? Who adapted the book as a play? In what year did Monroeville debut? What is the name of the town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"? Where does the play run every May? What is the audience racially segregated at the Monroe County Courthouse? Where did Sergel's play begin? Where did Regent's Park Open Air Theatre play? Who was atticus Finch? When was To Kill a Mockingbird released? When was the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird completed? How many copies of To Kill a Mockingbird were released on July 14? Who discovered the Watchman manuscript? What was the name of the earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? When was the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird completed? How many copies of To Kill a Mockingbird were released on July 14? What are some of the serious issues of the novel? Who is the narrator's father? What is Lee's talent for? What technique did Lee use to play intricately with perspectives? What is the heritage of all Southerners? What is the first part of the novel? What was the name of Lee's book? What is Scout's definition of? What is the name of the South that has its traditions and taboos? Who is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel? Who does Christopher Metress connect the mockingbird to? Who was Atticus? What does R. A. Dave claim the book takes on? Who noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events? Who labeled the book "melodramatic and contrive? Who wrote a child's book? Who wrote about racism as an inevitability? Who was the author of The Herald? Who criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal? Who writes that justice must always be founded on the notion of equality and fairness for all? What is the name of the book that is viewed as marginalizing black characters? Why did black students find it "demoralizing? What does the novel indulge in? What does Diane McWhorter say every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with? What did McBride call Lee? What is the name of the book that is revered in Monroeville? What groupies did Lee refuse publicity and interviews with? What is solar energy? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun? What is the name of the technologies used to harness solar energy? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun? How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? How much is reflected back to space? How many kWh/m2 per day do most people live in areas with insolation levels? How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? How much is reflected back to space? How many kWh/m2 per day do most people live in areas with insolation levels? What are the clouds, oceans and land masses absorbed by? How much of the globe is covered by solar radiation? What is the average temperature of the surface? What do green plants convert solar energy into? What percentage of the globe is covered by solar radiation? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? What happens when the airreaches a high altitude? What does the latent heat of water condensation amplify? What do green plants convert solar energy into? How many exajoules are there per year? How long did the world use energy in 2002? How many EJ does photosynthesis capture per year in biomass? How long did the world use energy in 2002? How many exajoules are there per year? How many EJ does photosynthesis capture per year? What is the name of the coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium? What type of energy does all renewable energies derive their energy from? What are solar technologies characterized as? What are solar technologies characterized as passive or active? What are some renewable energies that derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way? What is a direct or indirect way? What type of solar technique uses photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What type of techniques are used to design spaces that naturally circulate air? What type of collectors are used to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What is the purpose of designing spaces that circulate air? What type of technologies increase the supply of energy? What type of technologies reduce the need for alternate resources? Who built a small demonstration solar engine? In what year did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? In what year did Shuman patent the solar engine system? Who built a small demonstration solar engine? In what year did Frank Shuman build a small demonstration solar engine? What is a steam engine? In what year did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? In what year did Shuman patent the solar engine system? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? How many litres of water did Shuman pump per minute? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? How many kilowatts of water did Shuman pump per minute? How much water did Shuman pump per minute from the Nile River? In what year did the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil discourage the advancement of solar energy? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? How much of the domestic hot water use can be provided by solar heating systems? What do solar hot water systems use to heat water? How much of the domestic hot water is used in low geographical latitudes? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What type of water heaters are most commonly used for domestic hot water? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007? Who are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007? What country is the world leader in their deployment? How many homes use solar hot water systems? What is the dominant application of solar hot water? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What percentage of energy is used in commercial buildings? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What technologies can be used to offset a portion of energy? What is a material that can be used to store heat? What is a material that can be used to store heat? What are some of the common thermal mass materials? What is the purpose of absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night? What type of climates have they been used to keep buildings cool? What does thermal mass reduce the need for? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a solar chimney composed of? What can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses? When do bare limbs allow light to pass? What have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? What percentage of incident solar radiation does bare, leafless trees shade? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? Where can they be used to provide a degree of shading? When was the box cooker first built? What temperature do cookers reach? What do solar cookers use for cooking, drying and pasteurization? What types of cookers can be grouped into three broad categories? Who first built the box cooker? What is the temperature of the partially overcast skies? What must be repositioned to track the Sun? How many parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory? What is a cost-effective alternative to glazed collection systems? What type of technology can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications? What was the first commercial system? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What do clothes racks do? What are perforated sun-facing walls used for? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? What was the first recorded instance of the Arab alchemists? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? How many US gal did the plant produce per day? What is a greenhouse type? What is the World Health Organization recommended as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? How long is the exposure time during overcast conditions? What is a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? How many people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water? What do algae produce that make the water unusable? What can solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond? What can algae produce that make the water unusable? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? What Desert is the largest solar power plant in the world? What percentage of the worlds total grid electricity was generated by solar in 2013? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? Where is the SEGS CSP installed? Where is the Charanka Solar Park located? Who constructed the first solar cell? When was the crystalline silicon solar cell created? What does PV become? What is a device that converts light directly into electricity? Who constructed the first solar cell? Who developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide? Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954? What is heated by the concentrated sunlight? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is the concentrated heat used as? What is the Stirling dish? How is a working fluid heated? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What are the common features of passive solar architecture? What are well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What type of solar equipment can complement passive design and improve system performance? What is the name of the metropolitan area with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What is the estimated cost of a "cool communities" program in Los Angeles? What is the name of the metropolitan area with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What urban materials have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment? What is a simple method of counteracting the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What do vinters use the energy generated by solar panels to power? What do agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize? What is one technique that can improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What accelerated ripening of plants? When were Primitive greenhouses first used? When were the first greenhouses built in Europe? What do greenhouses convert solar light to? What type of crops are grown in enclosed environments? Who was the Roman emperor? When were the first greenhouses built in Europe? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What was the average speed of the winner in 2007? What is the World Solar Challenge? When was the winner's average speed founded? How many kilometres per hour was the winner's average speed in 1987? What was the average speed of the winner in 2007? The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect what interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? In what year was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? In what year was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean in 1996? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean in 1996? How many feet did the Solar Riser reach? What aircraft is currently circumnavigating the globe? When was the first solar flight? When did the Solar Riser make the first flight? When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly to in 1990? How long does the aircraft stay airborne? What is a feasible alternative to hydrogen production? Solar chemical processes use what to drive chemical reactions? What can produce a variety of fuels? What process is under development at the Weizmann Institute? What can be reacted with water to produce hydrogen? What technology has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? What do concentrators use to split water into? What process is in development at the Weizmann Institute? What type of system can store solar energy? What type of systems can store solar energy? What types of materials do thermal storage systems use? What can well-designed systems reduce? What is another thermal storage media? What was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system? What type of wax does Glauber's salt contain? What is a typical temperature of 147 °F? What was the name of the house that was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system? What are salts compatible with? How many terajoules does the Solar Two store in its storage tank? What are rechargeable batteries used to store? What are rechargeable batteries used to store? What do net metering programs give household systems a credit for? How is the meter handled? How do most standard meters measure in both directions? What does the pump become? What does pumped-storage hydroelectricity store energy? What does the pump become? What year did the oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis cause a reorganization of energy policies around the world? In what year did the oil embargo begin? What is the Sunshine Program in Japan? What is SERI now called? What is the name of Japan's research facility? What is the name of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems? In what decade were heating fuels replaced by cheaper and more reliable? What is the average growth rate per year in the solar water heating sector? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States? Why did interest drop in solar water heating in the 1980s? What is the average growth rate per year since 1999? What is the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? What does ISO 9050 relate to in building? What does ISO 10217 refer to? What does ISO 9050 relate to? What does ISO 10217 refer to? What type of solar technology is passive solar or active solar? What type of systems are used to harness the energy? What is a passive solar technique that orients a building to? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? How many exajoules did the United Nations Development Programme find the potential of solar energy? What makes it a highly appealing source of electricity? In what year was the World Energy Assessment conducted? What will increase countries' energy security by reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource? What will reduce the costs of mitigating global warming? What should the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment be considered? What do fossil fuel prices keep lower than otherwise? What factors limit the amount of solar energy that humans can acquire? What do areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation? What type of photovoltaics can follow the position of the sun? Why does solar panels absorb solar radiation during the nighttime? What is the effect of cloud cover on the potential of solar panels? Why can solar panels only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels? How can people collect energy from their homes? What factors did the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council take into account in 2000? What is the global potential of solar energy per year? What is solar power? What is the term for concentrated solar power? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into? What effect does PV use to convert light into electric current? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? Who first used advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods? The Greeks and Chinese oriented their buildings toward the south to provide what? What is a black balloon filled with? How does the air inside the balloon expand? What type of balloons are used for human flight? What is the surface-area to payload-weight ratio? What was the expectation that coal would soon become scarce? Why did solar technologies stagnate in the early 20th century? In what year did the International Energy Agency report that solar energy technologies could provide a third of the world's energy? What could the energy from the sun play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy? What dynasty was ruled by the Achaemenid Empire? What was the name of Tajikistan's culture? What city was Tajikistan originally home to? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When was a civil war fought? What was the name of Tajikistan's culture? What dynasty was ruled by the Achaemenid Empire? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When was a civil war fought? When did Tajiks begin to be conscripted into the Soviet Army? How many Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan? What percentage of Tajikistan's citizens were killed during World War II? What did Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focus on? What were the factions often distinguished by? What percentage of ministerial positions would go to the opposition? Who came to power in 1992? Why did more than 500,000 residents flee during this time? What Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border? Where have French troops been stationed since the September 11, 2001 attacks? Where is the Ayni Air Base located? How long do the US Army and Marine Corps personnel visit Tajikistan? How many Tajik soldiers were killed in the ambush? In what year did Russia send more troops to Tajikistan? When was the military operation in the Rasht Valley concluded? When did militants escape from a Tajik prison? What is Tajikistan officially a republic? Who is the Prime Minister? Who are the two Deputy Prime Ministers? When did Emomalii Rahmon hold the office of President of Tajikistan? Where does the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan have a vast majority in Parliament? What do independent press outlets remain restricted? Why is no public criticism of the regime tolerated? What type of protest is severely suppressed? What is blocked to local and foreign websites by the Institute for War & Peace Reporting? What is Tajikistan's landlocked nation? Where is the Pamir range? Where is Dushanbe located? What longitudes are 67° and 75° E? Where are the Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys located? What is Tajik a pre-Islamic tribe? What does Tajikistan mean? What is the name of a pre-Islamic tribe before the seventh century A.D.? In what century did the term "Tajik" come from? In what year was the Umayyads under control? Who was under the control of the Umayyads in 710? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of Iran? What was the region known as? In what year was the Umayyads under control? Who was under the control of the Umayyads in 710? In what year was the Umayyads under control? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of Iran? Who was under the control of the Umayyads in 710? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of Iran? What was the region known as? What was the region known as? In what year was the Umayyads under control? In what year was the Umayyads under the control of the Umayyads? Who conquered Transoxania? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of Iran? When did the Russian Empire conquest Central Asia? Who controlled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Turkestan? In what decade did Russia try to switch cultivation to cotton? What territory did Russia take control of between 1864 and 1885? Who ruled Tajikistan's territory by 1885? What did the Jadidists establish themselves as? Who viewed the movement as a threat? When were the uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand? When did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? What are guerrillas in Central Asia known as? What did basmachi attempt to maintain? How many years did the Bolsheviks prevail after a four-year war? What religion was discouraged and repressed? When was the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic created? Where did cotton production begin? What did collectivization of agriculture take place between 1927 and 1934? What did Soviet collectivization policy bring violence against peasants? Who directed two rounds of Soviet purges? How many people were expelled from Tajikistan? Who were sent in to replace those expelled? What was the percentage of Russians in Tajikistan between 1926 and 1959? What position did Russians dominate at all levels? How many seats did PDPT lose in Parliament? Who was the President of the parliamentary elections of 2005? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 polling failed to meet? What did the government insist that minor violations had occurred? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? What is the area of Tajikistan? Which country is bordered by Afghanistan to the east? What is Pakistan separated by? Which country is bordered by Afghanistan to the east? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? How many people live in Tajikistan in 2013? Which country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south? Which country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south? When was Tajikistan part of the Achaemenid Empire? What empire was Tajikistan part of? Who became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom? What is the Kushan Empire? When did Arabs bring Islam? What empire moved into the region? When did the Kushan Empire take control of the region? What was Tajikistan's GDP in 2000-2007? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? What percentage of the rural population is irrigated by cotton? What is the largest aluminium plant in Central Asia? What has Tajikistan's government focused on? What is the potential of Tajikistan's rivers? What is the highest dam in the world? How many MW of surplus electricity will CASA 1000 transmit to Pakistan? How much of the population lives on less than a day? How much did remittances from Tajik labour migrants total in 2010? What is Tajikistan's main commodity of comparative advantage? What has been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact? What type of poppy is raised locally for the domestic market in Tajikistan? Along with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities, what other country is cooperating to fight illegal drug-trafficking? What is Tajikistan's ranking in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations? What agency did UNODC work with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings? What type of transportation does Tajikistan have? What countries has Tajikistan pursued agreements with? How many kilometers did the highway and rail system connect to Pakistan's ports? In what year did Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran sign an agreement to construct roads and railways? How many airports did Tajikistan have in 2009? What is the name of the country's main airport? Where did Dushanbe International Airport fly to? What is the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country? How many people live in Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is between the ages of 14 and 30? How many people live in Tajik? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called? What is the name of the province that is bordering Afghanistan and China? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province distinct from most Tajiks? Where are the Pamir Mountains located? Who is the Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school? What does Tajikistan's Constitution provide for? What two Islamic holidays are declared as state holidays? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is Muslim? What does minority religious groups undermine? What is a concern for religious institutions to become active in the political sphere? What is the name of the militant Islamic party that aims for overthrow of secular governments? What does Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for? Who must register with religious communities? How many members are required to register with the SCRA? What type of structure are religious groups not allowed to gather publicly for prayer? What can result in fines and closure of place of worship? What is Tajik's government effort to improve and expand? How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? How much of the GDP was expenditure on health in 2004? What did the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper contain? How long is public education in Tajikistan? How many years of public education is Tajikistan planning to implement? How many departments does Khujand State University have? What percentage of tertiary education enrollment was in 2008? What is the study of humans and their societies? What are the main subdivisions of anthropology and cultural anthropology? What type of anthropology investigates the influence of language in social life? What does linguistic anthropology investigate? Where is Archaeology thought to be a branch of anthropology? When was the Anthropological Society of Vienna founded? When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded? In what year was the American Anthropological Association founded? When was the Anthropological Society of Madrid founded? What did Darwin's conclusions lack? How many anthropological societies were there in the 19th century? How many anthropological societies and associations were there in the 19th century? Who belonged to the major theorists? How many educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology? How many educational institutions did the American Association for the Advancement of Science report in 1898? When did Franz Boas and Bronisaw Malinowski work? What is Margaret Mead's advocacy for? What is the emphasis of social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US? What was Boas' argument against? What has cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques? How are humanities, social, and natural sciences forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? Where did early anthropology originate? What are some of the new fields that anthropology has been central in? What theories have influenced Sociocultural anthropology? When did the epistemological shift away from positivist traditions take place? What did enduring questions about during the 1970s and 1990s come to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? Archaeology and biological anthropology remained what? How many sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion? Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of what? Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of what? What does it help develop understanding of? What type of distinction is there between these categories? What is the study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values? What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What can be helpful to understanding a culture from an emic point of view? What is reductionism in cross-cultural comparison? What type of anthropology covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music What does linguistic anthropology cover? What is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What does Sociocultural anthropology cover? What is the study of the human past through its material remains? What do Archaeologists use to deduce patterns of past? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? How are past human groups presumed to have lived? What are some examples of the cultural and material lives of past societies? What does linguistics seek to understand? What does anthropology link the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to? What is another term for anthropology? What fields do Linguistic anthropologists often draw on? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of art? What do the Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', or 'literature' not exist? What do anthropologists of art focus on? When was Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' published? What does Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' consist of? Who created a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850? In what year did Étienne Serres use the term paleontology? In what year did Étienne Serres create a chair in anthropology and ethnography? What is the name of the National Museum of Natural History? What is the name of the first to use Ethnology? What type of methods were developed in the 19th century? What were similarities between animals, languages, and folkways the result of? What did theorists believe similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of? What was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect? What type of comparison did Darwin see in agronomy and in the wild? When did Darwin and Wallace unveil evolution? What was the immediate rush to bring it into? Who was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? Who formed the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? What did Paul Broca become an immediate convert to when he read Darwin? What would Broca be called today? What did Broca take an interest in? What was Broca's area called after? What is Theodor Waitz a German philosopher specializing in? How many volumes of Theodor Waitz's work were there? What does Waitz define anthropology as? What was he an animist? What does Waitz say anthropology is a new field? What must the data of comparison be? The history of civilization and ethnology are to be brought into the comparison? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? In what year did Richard Francis Burton and James Hunt break away from the Ethnological Society of London? What did the Anthropological Society of London follow? What was the name of the French Société? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? What is a major part of the world's higher educational institutions? How many subdivisions does Anthropology have? What type of knowledge and technique is used to solve specific problems? What does a forensic archaeologist use to recreate? How many nations are there in the World Council of Anthropological Associations? What does anthropology of media emphasize as a means of understanding producers, audiences and other cultural and social aspects of mass media? What does anthropology of media emphasize as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media? When did radio, press, new media and television begin to make their presences felt? What are the contexts of ethnographic contexts explored? What is a relatively new area of internet research? What type of anthropology is concerned with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and new media? What does visual anthropology encompass? What type of representations are included in the focus of visual anthropology? What term is sometimes used interchangeably with? What does anthropology attempt to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope? What does anthropology attempt to explain human economic behavior in its widest scope? What discipline does it have a complex relationship with? Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology? What is the name of the alternative to market exchange? What is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology? What did Political Economy introduce to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? Who did Sahlins work on? Who was involved in revolutionary wars in Vietnam? What type of capitalism have these Political Economists addressed? What refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What does it mean to change or stability in specific cultural systems? What does it mean to change or stability in specific cultural systems? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What does applied anthropology include? What does Anthropology of development tend to view development from? What is poverty increasing if a key development goal is to alleviate? What is poverty increasing if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty? What is there a gap between plans and outcomes? Why does so much planned development fail? Kinship can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures? What type of anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms? How long has anthropology developed a number of related concepts and terms? What is another term for a kinship pattern? What is another term for a kinship pattern? What is a four field approach to anthropology? What does Feminist anthropology seek to reduce? What do feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct? What type of anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of? What is a specialization in birth anthropology? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What does nutritional anthropology deal with? What is the interplay between culture and biology connected to? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development for any given group of people? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology? What does the subfield tend to focus on? How does the subfield focus on human development and enculturation within a particular cultural group? What does the subfield tend to focus on? How does the understanding of cognition, emotion, motivation and similar psychological processes inform or constrain our models of cultural and social processes? What type of anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space? What does cognitive anthropology use to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space? Cognitive anthropology uses the methods and theories of what? What changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What concerns the structure of political systems? What is the basis of the structure of societies? When did political anthropology begin? What did anthropologists begin to study? What is an early example of the Balinese state? What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group in the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993? In what year did the American Anthropological Association meet? What was the name of the Society for the Social Studies of Science? Who is Donna Haraway? What does Cyborg anthropology study? What is a sub-specialty in the field of anthropology? What is the backdrop of the contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology? What type of issues are often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy? What does the focus and data interpretation prevent? What is Melissa Checker's relationship with? What is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs? What is the study of the history of various ethnic groups? What does Ethnohistory use as its foundation? How do historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts? Who recognizes the utility of source material? What type of anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism? In what decade did Ulf Hannerz quote a remark that traditional anthropologists were a notoriously agoraphobic lot? What did Hannerz say traditional anthropologists were? How many principle approaches are there in urban anthropology? What are the two principle approaches in urban anthropology? What is anthrozoology also known as? What is the study of interaction between living things? What is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines? What is a major focus of anthrozoologic research? What are some of the fields that include scholars from? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour? What are the two types of anthropology based in? What is Evolutionary anthropology concerned with? What is the name of the approach that brings together fields such as archaeology, behavioral ecology, psychology, primatology, and genetics? What is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that draws on many lines of evidence to understand the human experience, past and present? What type of commitments do anthropology have? What type of commitments do anthropology have? What are some topics that attract anthropological attention? What is the main cause of Man's inhumanity to man? What is the depth of an anthropological approach? Who were many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries active in the allied war effort? What are some of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries in the allied war effort against the "Axis"? What did many serve in? What was the name of the Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information? What does Price's work on American anthropology provide detailed accounts of? What does the state benefit from the use of anthropology? What can anthropologists do to give secret briefings? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What is the name of the AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility'? What does the AAA's 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' say should be agreed to? What is the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What is the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What is the goal of Counterinsurgency? Where are HTS teams working with the US military? What does CEAUSSIC suggest that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with? What are anthropologists interested in? What is the possibility of human universals? What do modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists into? What does anthropologists travel to? What is the name of the technique that anthropologists use to study? What do anthropologists typically divide the world up into? What are cultural traditions based on? What kind of subdivisions help archaeologists and other anthropologists understand major trends in the human past? Who share approaches to Culture regions? What is a central part of their science? What did some authors argue anthropology originated and developed as the study of? What is the term for "past societies"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? Who wrote the seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology? When did anthropologists start to look "across the tracks"? In what region is ethnographic research frequently examining the connections between locations? What is the purpose of ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? What has been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond? What are some settings for research? What type of research does the North Atlantic region have? Who was wounded in the attempted assassination of Joseph I? What family was implicated and executed after a quick trial? Who were the Jesuits expelled from? When did Joseph I make his loyal minister Count of Oeiras? Who did Sebastio de Melo prosecute? When was "Marquis of Pombal" made? When did Joseph I die? What was Pombal's "enlightenment" a mechanism for? What did the new Count of Oeiras know after the Távora affair? What did historians argue Pombal's "enlightenment" was a mechanism for? Who was the occupation of Portugal? In what year was Brazil's largest colonial possession? What was Brazil's largest colonial possession? What are the names of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves? When did Portugal begin a decline? What was the name of the French invasion that Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against? When did the Liberal Revolution begin? When did the Liberal Revolution begin? In what year did the situation in Europe cooled down enough that Joo VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon? What was the result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family? When was the Benguela railway built? In what year did the Conference of Berlin take place? What was the aim of the Scramble for Africa? Who enticed the Scramble for Africa? What coastal towns were founded? When was Dom Carlos I murdered? When was Portugal declared bankrupt? Who became the new king? When did the revolution end? Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for what? Who was the right-wing dictator of the Estado Novo? When did the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo begin? How many European countries were neutral in World War II? What were the main targets of the new economic development projects? What is the name of the group that is a member of the United Nations? What type of government does Portugal have? What is Portugal's ranking in Social Progress in the world? What other Western European countries have the highest Social Progress in the world? What is Portugal known for having decriminalized in 2001? What did Pelayos plan to use the Cantabrian mountains? Who did Pelayos plan to use the Cantabrian mountains? When was the Battle of Covadonga? When was the Battle of Covadonga? What was the name of the war of Christian reconquest? Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain? Who knighted Vimara Peres? When did King Alfonso III knight Vimara Peres? Who was the First Count of Portus Cale? What is the name of the County of Portugal? What culture did the people of County of Portugal struggle to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What was the name of the Kingdom of Galicia? Who was struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What is the Castilian language called? What is the Castilian language? Who was the daughter of Leopold Josef? Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? Who was the Queen consort of? Who was the Queen consort of? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was the new city centre of Lisbon designed to resist? How were the effects of an earthquake simulated? What city suffered no epidemics? What is one of Lisbon's tourist attractions? What did Sebastio de Melo make an important contribution to the study of seismology? What is the name of the Portuguese Republic? Where is Portugal located? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? Which archipelagos are in the republic? What is the name of the Portuguese Republic? Where is Portugal located? Which country is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? Who were followed by the Celts and the Romans? Who were the Celts and the Romans followed by? In what year did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? What was the result of the pioneering of the Age of Discovery? When was the Age of Discovery founded? In what year did Portugal lose much of its wealth and status? In what year did Brazil become its wealthiest colony? When was the Portuguese First Republic established? What was the name of the country that was handed over to China in 1999? How many Portuguese speakers are there today? What is the name of Portugal? Who settled the region? Which peoples visited Gallaecia? When was the region settled by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths? What is Alenquer? In what year did Lusitania gain the status of Roman province? What is the northern province of Lusitania known as? What are some urban remains in Portugal? What are castros? How far from Coimbra is Conmbriga? How long did the Umayyad Caliphate begin expanding rapidly? When did the land that is now Portugal become part of the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus? What year did the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus collapse? Who established the Emirate of Córdoba? How long did the Emirate become the Caliphate of Córdoba? Who were the governors of the taifas? What kingdoms did the governors of the taifas establish diplomatic relations with? Who fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz? When did the Almoravids come from Morocco? Where did the Almoravids win the Battle of Sagrajas? What is the term for Islam? What was the name of the noblemen of the Arabs? What mountains were the Berbers originally from? Where did the Muslim population stay in Portugal? How many words are there in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? Who was Garca king of? Where did Ordoo reign? Where did Fruela receive Asturias? In what year did Alfonso die? When was the Kingdom of Castile incorporated? In what year was Portugal devastated by the Black Death? What is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What alliance is regarded by many as the predecessor to? In what region is there visible English influence to this day? What is the Age of Discovery? Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? What Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover? Where did Portugal discover an eastern route to India? What country did Portugal discover via the Cape of Good Hope? What did the King's confidence in de Melo increase? Who was Sebastio de Melo made Prime Minister by 1755? What country was the Ambassador to Portugal? Who was Prime Minister by 1755? Who was Prime Minister by 1755? What were Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? What was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe? Who did these reforms gain him enemies in the upper classes? What is Sebastio de Melo? What classes of Portuguese society did he impose strict law on? When did the Portuguese government and army resist the decolonization of its overseas territories? Where did the left-wing military coup take place? What political forces were characterized by social turmoil and power disputes? What is the name of the Junta de Salvaço Nacional? Who won the Portuguese Socialist Party? Who became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government? When was Mário Soares Prime Minister? Socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model did the country bounce between? When was the Portuguese Constitution approved? The Portuguese Constitution was rewritten to accommodate what principles? What type of climate is Portugal defined as? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? How tall is the Algarve? What type of climate do the Azores and Madeira have? Why are weather predictions difficult? What type of climate does the Azores have? What type of forests are found in Gerês? What period did the subtropical laurissilva forest date back to? Pyrenean oak and other local native trees are colonizing many abandoned areas? Where were Boars found? How many natural parks are there in Portugal? What type of rainforest is Laurisilva? What species of mammalian fauna are spotted near Rio Minho? What is Portugal an important stopover for? How many freshwater fish species are there? Where is the giant European catfish located? Why are some of these rare and specific species highly endangered? What type of plankton is possible to observe in some beaches? How many years is the President elected? Who is the current President? How many deputies are in the Assembly of the Republic? How long is the term of the Assembly of the Republic? How many members of the Constitutional Court oversee the constitutionality of the laws? What two political parties dominate the Assembly of the Republic? Where does Portugal operate a multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What is the name of the Democratic and Social Centre? What percentage of the vote does the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party garner regularly? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? How long is a term by direct, universal suffrage? How long is the term of the Head of State of Portugal? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Who is the Council of Ministers? What is each government required to define in a programme? How many deputies did the Assembly fail to reject the government programme? What is the major influence for the former colonies and territories? What is the Polcia de Segurança Pblica? What type of police is overseen by the Public Ministry? Who oversees the Polcia Judiciária? In what year did Portugal decriminalize possession of drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations? How many days worth of personal use are trafficking and possession of more than 10 days? What is the option for people caught with small amounts of a drug to go to a rehab facility? How much did HIV infection cases drop by 2009? How many municipalities is Portugal divided into? How many civil parishes are there in Portugal? How many districts is Continental Portugal agglomerated into? How many branches do the armed forces have? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What is the purpose of the self-defense force? How many women were there in 2008? What percentage of GDP was Portuguese military expenditure in 2009? How many personnel are in the Army? What is an infantry brigade mainly equipped with? What tanks are in the mechanized brigade? What is the Rapid Reaction Brigade? How many marines are in the Navy? What was the name of the war between the World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War? When was the Portuguese Colonial War? Where have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions? When did the Portuguese Armed Forces intervene in Angola? Who led the Portuguese government after the bailout? What did Pedro Passos Coelho want to improve? What did the Portuguese government do to improve the state's financial situation? What was the average wage cut in 2012? When was the Carnation Revolution? How did the Portuguese Republic governments encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles? What was the name of the report released by the Diário de Notcias? When was the financial crisis? What two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud? What was the cause of bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud? What was BPN's size, market share, and political implications? What was the cause of the loss of two Portuguese banks in 2008-2009? What is the Portuguese currency? What did the Portuguese currency replace? What is an integral part of the European System of Central Banks? Where are most industries, businesses and financial institutions concentrated? What is Portugal the Europe's Leading Golf Destination? When was the Carnation Revolution? When did Portugal try to adapt to a changing modern global economy? What is the focus of Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model? What is the world's leading cork producer? What is the world's leading cork producer? Who bailed Portugal out of the recession in the 1970s? When was the bailout agreed? How much money did Portugal receive from the bailout? When did the country exit the bailout? What was the unemployment rate in 2014? What is agriculture in Portugal based on? What are Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezrias and Valouro? What type of mushrooms are there in the country? What types of products does the country produce? What is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? Who is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? What sector is Portugal one of the countries with the highest consumption per capita? What is Portugal ranked among Europe's leading copper producers? What is the nation a notable producer of? What is a limitation of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors? Where does the country have vast iron and coal reserves? What was the result of the 1974 revolution? What are the two types of automotive industry? What are Embraer and OGMA? What is the name of the largest foreign direct investment project in Portugal? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Where are many major biotechnology and information technology industries concentrated? What is expected to increase in Portugal's visitor numbers in the future? What is the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations? What does the country focus on? What are some of the niche attractions in the country? Who described Portugal as a new sick man of Europe? How much did the number of unemployed increase from 2002 to 2007? What was the unemployment rate in 2009? What did Standard & Poor's lower its credit assessment of Portugal to in 2009? When did Moody's downgrade its credit assessment of Portugal? What did Sócrates say the country would request from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility? What was the third time that the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the first time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks? What was the average number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was the average number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in Portugal in 2005? What was Portugal's justice system internationally known as? What country has the highest rate of judges and prosecutors? How many people live in Portugal? Who announced a significant government plan for the public sector? How many jobs will be cut in the public sector? What measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund? Who did Coelho explain that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What did Passos Coelho announce? What did Passos Coelho announce that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66? What did Passos Coelho abolish in Basic Education? What have these policies led to? When was the unemployment rate in Portugal falling? What was the unemployment rate in Portugal in 2015? What was the unemployment rate in 2008? When did unemployment surpass the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events? What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal? How many religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year? How many shepherd children did the Blessed Virgin Mary have? What is the name of the tourist destination that the Portuguese government continues to promote? What is the name of the tourist hotspots in Portugal? What type of growth did Portugal have in the 1970s? What did the country build in the 1990s? How many km is the country's road network? When was the first motorway opened? How many km2 is Continental Portugal's territory? How many international airports are located near Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja? How many international airports are located near Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja? What makes Lisbon a stopover for many foreign airlines? What is the primary flag-carrier? What country is a national railway system that extends to? Who administers a national railway system? How many km of railway lines are currently in service? How many km of railway lines are currently in service? How many km of railway lines are in service? What are the two largest metropolitan areas with subway systems? How many kilometers of lines are there in the Porto Metropolitan Area? Who supplied Lisbon tram services? How long has the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa been able to provide Lisbon tram services? What is the name of the state-managed autonomous research institutions in Portugal? What is the name of the state-managed autonomous research institutions in Portugal? What is the name of the MCTES's Fundaço para a Ciência e Tecnologia? What are the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What is the Champalimaud Foundation? What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year? When was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What does Ciência Viva aim to promote? What is the name of the Visionarium? How many science parks did Portugal start to develop? What is the name of the Madeira Tecnopolo in Funchal? What types of services do companies take advantage of in the Portuguese science parks? What are the two most cost-effective renewable sources in Portugal? Where was the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located? What region opened the Aguçadoura Wave Farm? How much of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants? What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company? What does Redes Energéticas Nacionais use to calculate energy from? What did Portugal generate electricity from before the solar/wind revolution? What type of turbines pump water uphill at night? What is the premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity? What was the population of Portugal according to the 2011 census? What percentage of the population was female? What percentage of the population was male? What is a single religion? What were the Moors and Jews known as? What type of peoples did the Portuguese originate from? How long ago did Paleolithic peoples begin arriving on the European continent? What type of peoples began arriving on the European continent around 45,000 years ago? What is Portugal's colonial history? What is Portugal's geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe looking out into? When did Macau turn over to the People's Republic of China? What type of ancestry do Brazilians have? How many inhabitants were legal immigrants in Portugal in 2007? What percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? What is the name of the church in the country? What percentage of the population declared themselves to be non-religious? What percentage of the population declared themselves to be non-religious? What is the origin of a Portuguese holiday? In what centuries did the church enjoy both riches and power? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the Battle of Ourique? Who did Afonso hear Jesus promising victories for the coming battles? What would Afonso do to create an empire that would carry His name to? What is the official language of Portugal? What was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal? Where did the Romance language of Portuguese originate? What was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal? What is the Portuguese language derived from? Who speaks the Portuguese language? When did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire? How many continents does Brazil have the largest number of native Portuguese speakers? What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers? What is the total adult literacy rate? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? When did Portuguese universities exist? Where was the oldest Portuguese university first established? Where did the oldest Portuguese university move to? What is the name of the oldest engineering school in the Americas? What is the oldest medical college in Asia? When was the Bologna process adopted? How are most student costs supported? How old are mature applicants? What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? What type of diseases do most Portuguese die from? What are the two main components of CVD? What are the two main components of CVD? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What is more frequent among children and women? What does self-report at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services? What percentage of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal? In what decade did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? What is the name of the Cultural Centre in Lisbon? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are there in Portugal? What is the Manueline also known as? What is the Manueline a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century? What style of architecture is Soft Portuguese? Who are the two Pritzker Prize winners? Tomás Taveira is notable for what type of stadium design? When was Portuguese cinema born? Who are the Portuguese film directors? Who is a notable Portuguese film actor? When was Portuguese cinema born? Who are the Portuguese film directors? Who is a notable Portuguese film actor? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? What is the name of the poem Lusiads wrote? Who wrote the poem "Os Lusiadas"? What style of poetry is rooted in modern Portuguese poetry? Who is the author of modern Portuguese literature? What type of cod does the Portuguese consume in Portuguese? What is a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish? What is caldeirada? What are some Portuguese meat recipes made out of? What is the arroz de cabidela? What is the name of the prego sandwich? What is the name of the monasteries that are spread across the country? What are some of the ingredients used in the monasteries? What is another name for pastéis de Belém? When did the Romans associate Portugal with their god Bacchus? Who did the Romans associate Portugal with? What are some of the best Portuguese wines? What are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world? What is the name of the festival in Zambujeira do Mar? What is another name for Flowfest? How long does the Goa trance festival take place in central Portugal? What is the Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year award? In what year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards? Who is the violinist Carlos Damas? Who is the great cellist of Guilhermina Suggia? Who is the student of Lus de Freitas Branco? Which contemporary composers have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television? In what century did Modernism begin? Who influenced Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso? What is one of the best-known works of Canço Popular a Russa e o Fgaro? Who are some of the prominent international figures in visual arts today? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? Who is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or? Who are the most renowned Portuguese football managers? What are the largest sports clubs by popularity and number of trophies won? What are the "os três grandes"? How many titles have they won in the European UEFA club competitions? What are some of the sports clubs that compete in Portuguese sports events with a varying level of success and popularity? Who hosts the Algarve Cup? When was Kanye Omari West born? Who is Kanye Omari West? Who is Kanye Omari West? When was Kanye Omari West born? Who was a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s? What artists did West produce hit singles for? How many albums did Graduation have? Who was the producer of Roc-A-Fella Records? Where did West attend art school before becoming a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records? Who was a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s? In what year did West release his debut album The College Dropout? How many albums did Graduation have? How many albums did West sell? How many albums did West sell? How many Grammy Awards has he won? How many albums did West sell? How many of Rolling Stone's albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 list? How many albums did West sell? How many Grammy Awards has he won? 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What was the name of the record label and management company West founded? When was the College Dropout issued? What was the name of Twista's second single? How many charts are there for five weeks? What was the name of the record label and management company West founded? What orchestra did West hire for his second album Late Registration? Who was the co-executive producer for several tracks? What was the name of West's second album? How many units did Late Registration sell in the US by the end of 2005? Who produced Roseland NYC Live? What was the name of West's second album? How many units did Late Registration sell in the US by the end of 2005? What was the name of West's first large-scale controversy? What was the name of the hurricane that caused the rapper's first large-scale controversy? Where did West pose on the cover of Rolling Stone? What was the name of West's first large-scale controversy? Who did West deviate from the prepared script? Where did West pose on the cover of Rolling Stone? What was the name of the event that NBC broadcast in 2005? Who did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? Where did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? Who did West listen to in hopes of developing methods to augment his wordplay and storytelling ability? Who did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? What decade did West experiment with electronic music? What band did West draw inspiration from in terms of melody and chord progression? Who did West listen to in hopes of developing methods to augment his wordplay and storytelling ability? What is the name of West's third studio album? What was the name of West's third album? How many copies did Graduation sell in its first week? What French house duo is "Stronger"? What is the name of West's third studio album? What was the name of West's third album? What French house duo is "Stronger"? Who was West's fiancée? What was the name of West's voice audio processor? When did Donda West die? Who was West's fiancée? Where did West set off for his 2008 Glow in the Dark Tour? How many weeks did West release his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak? What was the name of the lead single West performed at the MTV Video Music Awards? Who released 808s & Heartbreak? What is the name of the drum machine that features extensive use of the Roland TR-808? Who released 808s & Heartbreak? When did Island Def Jam release 808s & Heartbreak? What was the name of the follow-up single that debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100? What drum machine does 808s & Heartbreak feature? Who wrote: "Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye's most vulnerable work? Who wrote: "Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye's most vulnerable work? What was West's biggest controversy at the MTV Video Music Awards? Who was the winner of "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"? What was the cause of the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? What was West's biggest controversy in 2009? Who was the winner of the ceremony? What was the cause of the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? What was the cause of the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? Where did West hole up for the next few months writing and recording his next album? What did West throw himself into? Where did West hole up for the next few months writing and recording his next album? What is West's fifth studio album? What was Dark Fantasy's omission as a contender for at the 54th Grammy Awards? What is West's fifth studio album? When was My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy released? What was the name of the international hit that included the hit "All of the Lights"? What was the name of West's free music program? What year was the headlining set at Coachella? Who released Watch the Throne? What year did the Cannes Film Festival premiere? What year was the headlining set at Coachella? Who released Watch the Throne? What was the record's highest charting single? In what year did West release Cruel Summer? What year did the Cannes Film Festival premiere? Where did West's solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013? What is West's sixth album? Who was Kanye West's fellow American rapper? In what year did West's solo effort begin to take shape? What type of architecture did West's perfectionist tendencies lead him to contact Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach? What is West's sixth album? When was Yeezus released? Who was Kanye West's fellow American rapper? What was the name of Kardashian's first child? What was the name of the official apparel collaboration with West? Who released the single "Only One"? 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Who did Wiz Khalifa interact with on Twitter? What is the name of West's clothing line? Who was one of Bowie's "most important inspirations"? Who was the Wu-Tang Clan producer? What was West's style of production dubbed? Who was one of Bowie's "most important inspirations"? Who was the "most important cultural figure in my life?" What was the name of the first major release of Jay-Z's The Dynasty: Roc La Familia? Who drew influence from non-rap influences? What type of instrumentation did the album incorporate? What album did Kanye West tour with? Who drew influence from non-rap influences? What non-rap influences did he draw influence from? What was West's third album? What was West's third album, Graduation (2007)? What did West draw inspiration from the Rolling Stones, U2 and Led Zeppelin? When was Graduation released? What was the name of West's fourth album? Who did West draw inspiration from? What are some of the elements of the album's music? Who did West draw inspiration from? 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When was a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief held? Who was unaware of the cut? Who doesn't care about black people? What was Bush's reaction to Bush's comment? Who was interviewed for the Today show in November 2010? What was the name of Nazarbayev's grandson? How much did West pay for his performance? What country has one of the poorest human rights records in the world? What was the name of Nazarbayev's grandson? Where did Shakira and Rage Against The Machine refuse to perform? Why have Sting previously cancelled performances in the country? What was the name of Jimmy Kimmel's ABC program? Who called Kimmel to demand an apology? Who was the host of Jimmy Kimmel Live!? Who was the biggest rock star on the planet? How many children did West re-enact in his interview with Zane Lowe? Who did West believe had problems pushing policies in Washington? What kind of people do Black people not have the same level of connections as? 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Who did West begin a relationship with in 2002? Which model was dated from 2008 to 2010? Who was a longtime friend of Kim Kardashian? When did West begin a relationship with Alexis Phifer? When did West begin an on-and-off relationship with Alexis Phifer? In what year did West become engaged? Which model was dated from 2008 to 2010? When did West begin dating Kim Kardashian? Where is the Armenian Apostolic Church located? At what age did she die? Who refused to do the surgery? When did the paramedics respond to an emergency call? What was the cause of West's death? Who refused to do the surgery? Who performed the procedures? Who appeared on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007? What was the result of liposuction and mammoplasty? Who filed complaints against Adams and Aboolian? What did Adams and Aboolian violate after her death? Who appeared on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007? 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What album was West's song "Jesus Walks" released? What did West refer to himself as during one of his concerts? What is West among the most critically acclaimed artists of the twenty-first century? Who did the Guardian compare West to? Who said that West has been a frequent lightning rod for controversy? Who dubbed him the greatest hip hop artist of all time? Who compared Westhoff to David Bowie? What is the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop? What was the former gangsta rap for the noughties? What is West's middle-class background? Who did Curtis and West's Graduation change the direction of hip hop? Who was the author of XXL magazine? Who wrote a piece for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list? Who was the CEO of Tesla Motors? How many songs did "Gold Digger" sell? How many digital songs has he sold in the US? How many songs did "Gold Digger" sell? What is the name of Yeezus' sixth solo album? How many songs did "Gold Digger" sell? What was West's ranking in digital sales of the past decade? How many digital songs has he sold in the US? How many Grammy Awards did West win in 2013? Who topped the Pazz & Jop critic poll the most times ever? How many times has West been included in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world? How many Grammy Awards did West win in 2013? How many Hip-Hop Producers are on their Top 50 list? When was Kanye West crowned by MTV? Who was voted the MTV Man of the Year by MTV? Who topped the Pazz & Jop critic poll the most times ever? How many albums did Rolling Stone include in its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"? How many albums did Rolling Stone include in its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"? What was the world's best album of the decade? Who was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums? Who ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Who was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums? What song was ranked in the publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" since 2010? Who did George W. Bush say "doesn't care about black people"? Who did Taylor Swift discontinue at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? What is the name of West's collaboration with Adidas? Who is the founder and head of the creative content company? When did the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas begin? What is a nontheistic religion? What is the name of the Buddha? Where did the Buddha live and teach in the Indian subcontinent? What are the four Noble Truths? What did he share his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering? What is a nontheistic religion? What is the name of the Buddha? When did the Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Where did the Buddha live and teach in the Indian subcontinent? What is the name of the Buddha? Where did the Buddha live and teach in the Indian subcontinent? When did the Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? What is the name of the Buddha? When did the Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? What subcontinent was present-day Nepal? What is the name of the Buddha? What is the name of the school of the Elders? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Where does Theravada have a widespread following? What are the traditions of Mahayana? What is the estimated number of Buddhists? What is the name of the school of the Elders? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is Vajrayana attributed to? What is the name of the school of the Elders? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is the Noble Eightfold Path also known as? What is a state where one remains in the bodhisattva path? What does Tibetan Buddhism aspire to? What is the Noble Eightfold Path? What is the ultimate goal of Nirvana? What does Tibetan Buddhism aspire to? What is the Noble Eightfold Path also known as? What path does Mahayana Buddhism aspire to? What cycle is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth? What are the three Jewels? What is cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment? How many Meritorious Deeds are there? What does the Mahayana tradition of invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas mean? What does Buddhism deny a creator? What is the purpose of Ten Meritorious Deeds? What is the name of the Mahayana tradition? What story is ascribed to Buddhaghoa in 5th century CE? What biographies did the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravdin Mahvastu, and the Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra give different accounts? What did most of his biographies accept? When was the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? The Lokottaravdin Mahvastu and the Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra give different accounts? Who is ascribed to the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? Who is ascribed to the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What do most of his biographies not always accept? What is the name of the 5th ntury CE? Who is the author of the book? What does Carrithers believe the outline of the life must be true? Who wrote a biography of the Buddha? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? Who preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could? Who is the author of the book? Who wrote Karen Armstrong's biography of the Buddha? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What type of republic was his father an elected chieftain? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What was the name of the republic in which his father was an elected chieftain? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was the name of the republic in which his father was an elected chieftain? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? Who was his father an elected chieftain? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the prince's father? What did Siddhartha renounce to become? What did Siddhartha see outside the palace walls? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama's father? Who would Siddhartha become a great king? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the prince's father? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama's father? What is the name of a holy man? What did uddhodana prevent him from leaving? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? What did he learn of in a series of encounters? What did he encounter in a series of encounters? What was uddhodana determined to see his son become? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? What are the four sights in Buddhist literature? What did Gautama abandon? What was uddhodana determined to see his son become? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? How many sights did he encounter in a series of encounters? What is the name of the corpse that he encountered in a series of encounters? Who did Gautama go to study with? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? What was Gautama's exposure to? What did he devote himself to? What was a religious pursuit common among the ramaas? What did he accept in a pivotal moment? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? What did he find they did not provide a permanent end to? What did he accept in a pivotal moment? What is anapanasati? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? At what age was he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree? What was the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? What did the Buddha teach? How old was the Buddha? What is the south branch of the original fig tree known as? What was the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? How old was the Buddha? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? What was the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? Where was the Bodhi Tree located? What is the south branch of the original fig tree known as? What is samsara defined as? What is avidya? What is dukkha? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is Samsara characterized by? How many realms of existence is samsara? What is avidya? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is samsara defined as? How many realms of existence is samsara? What does samsara mean? What is Samsara characterized by? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is Karma from Sanskrit? What is the force that drives sasra? What is the term for the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to? What is Karma from Sanskrit? What is the term for the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to? What does phala "fruit" mean? What is the force that drives sasra? What is the term for the cultivation of positive actions? What does phala "fruit" mean? What does Theravada Buddhism say can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? What are some Mahayana sutras? What is one form of Buddhism that regards the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off of previous negative karma? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What does Theravada Buddhism say can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What do the Mahayana sutras claim can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What do some Mahayana sutras claim can expunge great swathes of? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What is the term for a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What are the laws of cause and effect? What does the doctrine of anatt reject? What is the law of cause and effect? What is the term for a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine does Nairatmyavadin stand for? What does prattyasamutpda mean? What does the doctrine of anatt reject? What are angmis? Who can meditate on the arpajhnas? How many planes of existence are there? What is another name for the uddhvsa Worlds? Who can be attained Rebirths in some of the higher heavens? What is the rpyadhtu? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? Who can be attained Rebirths in some of the higher heavens? What is the highest object of meditation? What is the rpyadhtu? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? What position does Theravada reject? What is Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon? What is the name of the intermediate state in Tibetan Buddhism? What position does Theravada reject? What is the name of the passage that seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? What position does Theravada reject? Where is the Samyutta Nikaya from? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? How can dukkha be overcome? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What is dukkha? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? How many truths explain the nature of dukkha? What is the nature of dukkha? What are the three aspects of Dukkha? What is Dukkha commonly translated as? What is Dukkha commonly translated as? What does Dukkha mean? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What does Dukkha mean? What is Dukkha commonly translated as? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What is the second truth about the origin of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha conditioned by? What is the third noble truth? What is the fourth noble truth? What is the origin of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha commonly explained as? What is the origin of dukkha conditioned by? What is the origin of dukkha known as? What is the origin of dukkha conditioned by? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? How many factors are there? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What is the name of the eight factors that make up Right View? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? How many interconnected factors does the Noble Eightfold Path consist of? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? How many dimensions of one's behaviour are they understood as? How many dimensions of one's behaviour are there? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What did Gautama combine the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with? What did Gautama do to create a new kind of human? What are brahmaviharas also known as? What is perhaps the best known form of meditation? What are the four Immeasurables taught as a form of meditation? What did Gautama combine his yoga practice with? What did Gautama create a new kind of human? What does Thich Nhat Hanh call the "Four Immeasurable Minds"? What does Pema Chödrön call the "four limitless ones"? What is perhaps the best known form of meditation? When was the Middle Way discovered? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? When was the Middle Way discovered by Gautama Buddha? What is another example of a Buddhist philosophy? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage? Who have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the cycle of incessant rebirths? What is the term for liberation? What is the term for liberation? What does one develop dispassion for in awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena? How many marks of existence did the Buddha recommend? What are all compounded or conditioned phenomena? What is the cycle of rebirth? Why does the doctrine assert that things are impermanent? What is a part of everything we can experience through our senses? What are the things that are constantly coming into being? What is the term for the cycle of rebirth? What is the doctrine that attachment to things is futile? What are some terms in English that correspond to suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering" more analogous to? What does Buddhism seek to be? What is Suffering a central concept in? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is a central concept in Buddhism? What is the third mark of existence? What is the Nikayas anatta? What did the Buddha refuse to answer when asked if the self was identical with the body? What does the practitioner conclude that neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise? What is the third mark of existence? Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What are skandhas? What is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics? What is the term for "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency"? What is an important part of the metaphysics of prattyasamutpda? What is the scheme of Twelve Nidnas? What does prattyasamutpda explain in detail? What is the name of the scheme of Twelve Nidnas? What does prattyasamutpda mean? How many Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? How many Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What do Sentient beings achieve? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What kind of beings always suffer throughout sasra? What does Nirvana mean? What do Sentient beings achieve? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What does Nagarjuna mean? What phenomena are without any svabhava? What were Sarvastivada teachings criticized by Ngrjuna? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What is the doctrine of Yogacara called? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What is the term for Buddha-nature? What do Mahayana schools often place emphasis on? What is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind? The Jonang school refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as what? What is the term for Buddha-nature? What does Nirvana mean? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is a term for the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was bodhi synonymous with? What did bodhi do to nirvana? What did bodhi use to describe the experience of nirvana? What is moha? What does the bodhisattva achieve? What does bodhi become? What has the arahant attained? What does parinirvana refer to? Who purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance? Who is no longer bound by Samsara? What is the name of the suffering that unawakened people experience in life? How many Buddhas did the Pali Canon refer to? What is the name of the next Buddha? The Mahayana tradition has many Buddhas of what? What does Theravada doctrine mean? What are arahants called in Theravada doctrine? Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as what? What is the term for the extinction of hatred and greed with some residue of delusion? What is the name of the Buddha in the Mahayana? What is the name of the Buddha in the Mahayana? What is the name of the Buddha? Where is the Buddha living? Who are allowed to offer "new truths" based on his input? What is the name of Mahayana's belief in bodhisattvas? What is the name of the people who vow to continue being reborn until all beings can be enlightened? What is characterized by trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What is characterized by trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What is Pure Land characterized by utmost trust in? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? What does Theravada say that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? Pure Land holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What does Bodhisattva mean? What is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What does Buddhism encourage everyone to become? What does Mahayana Buddhism encourage everyone to do? What are the perfections of Mahayana teachings? Which Dalai Lama cites Bodhisattva as his favourite verse? What is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists? What are some devotional practices? What is absorption in Buddhism? In what sermons is the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas found? What is the difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts? What must be combined with liberating cognition? What was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha? What are to be developed at all times in Buddhism? What was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold? What were some of the Buddha's meditative techniques shared with other traditions of his day? What is the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? How many Upanishads were written after the rise of Buddhism? What does Wynne believe formless meditation originated in? What type of tradition does Nasadiya Sukta have? What is Nasadiya Sukta? What is the foundation of one's religious practice? In what text is the practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children mentioned? What Buddhism adds a fourth refuge in the lama? What is the essence of the Three Jewels? What are the Three Jewels perceived as having an irreversible effect? Who presented himself as a model? What does Dharma offer a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana? What is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What is the term for "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept"? What is the second practice? What does the Law of Karma say is meritorious? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? What does the Law of Karma say is meritorious? What does la refer to? How many precepts does sla correspond to? How many precepts are there? What do laypeople undertake to facilitate practice? What does the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves? What is likely to happen in one of the lower heavens? How many precepts are there? What does the third precept on sexual misconduct become? How many precepts can laypeople observe for short periods? How many precepts is the complete list? How many precepts do Novice-monks use? What is the content of the vinaya pitaka? How many rules are there for monks in the Theravadin recension? What is the exact content of the vinayapitaka? What does the Buddha remind his hearers of? What is the purpose of the rules? What is a perfect springboard for? What are Monastics instructed to live as? What does the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra stand for? What is frowned upon in Bodhisattvas? In what country has the vinaya displaced? What is Chán? How many jhnas did some lay practitioners practice at the time of the Buddha? What is samyaksamdhi? What is "right concentration" in the Noble Eightfold Path? What does samdhi consist of? What is Sanskrit dhyna? What is the name of the meditator who is ready to penetrate and gain insight into reality? What is the name of the meditator who is ready to penetrate and gain insight into reality? What does Samatha meditation start from? What is Samatha meditation called? What can samatha meditation calm? What can vipassan meditation reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with? What is the name of the meditation that leads to insight knowledge? What is praj Pli pa? What is the name of Praj Pli pa? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as? What does craving carry with it? What are the afflictions of the mind believed to create? What are the four Noble Truths, Enlightenment and Nibbna? How many Noble Truths are there? What does Praj bring about? What means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination? What is praj attained at a conceptual level? What could one attain at any point of practice? What is applied to daily life to verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level? What is Zen Buddhism? What is the name of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea, and Japan? What is the name of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea, and Japan? What does Zen prefer to focus on? How many main schools are there in Zen Buddhism? What are the two main schools of Zen Buddhism? What is the purpose of Buddhist teaching? What is equated with the Buddha? What must not be allowed to confine and bind one? What is Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism based on? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What are some of the techniques that are designed to enhance Buddhist practice? When was the second half of the first millennium BCE? What did moksha originate in? What were the members of the shramanas known as? What was a non-Vedic strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism? What city was the capital of Kosala? What is the capital of Kosala? When did the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha become significant? Where are the Upanishads located? Who emphasized the rule of fate? Who stressed that the soul must be free from matter? Who stressed that the soul must be free from matter? What was a criticism of the Buddha? What hymn did he mock? What did Brahmins introduce to the original Veda of the rishis? How did the Buddha refuse to pay respect to the Vedas of his time? What is a matter of dispute? What is the relation between dhyana and insight? Who did Schmithausen master in his article on some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight'? What is the name of Majjhima Nikaya? What does Schmithausen believe karma played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism? What is the Sutta Pitaka? What was a Buddhist invention? What did Norman say the Buddha's way to release was by means of? Which Buddha gained bodhi? What is the mentioning of the four truths as constituting? How many truths depict a linear path of practice? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What term is not specified? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What term did Vetter use to describe the Buddhist path? How manyfold did the short description of the path lead to? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths became a substitution for? What is prajna? What was Gotama's teachings? How many marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic influences? How many periods is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into? What is the term for Nikaya Buddhism? What is the term for Nikaya Buddhism? What is another term for Esoteric Buddhism? What is Vajrayana? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? What are the three marks of existence? How many Noble Truths did Gautama Buddha teach? What was the first Buddhist council held? Who was called upon to recite the discourses of the Buddha? What is the name of the discourses of the Buddha? What is the name of the source that recites the discourses of the Buddha? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sarvastivada tradition of Vasumitra place it in 137 AN? What is the name of Mahasanghikas' own vinaya? What did the Dipavamsa of the Theravda form? What did the Mahsghikas argue the Sthaviras were trying to expand? What was the name of the school that gave rise to the Sthaviras? What were the monks following different schools of thought living happily together in? What were schisms caused by? What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas? What do Abhidharma texts not contain systematic philosophical treatises? In what century did the Buddha die? What school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka? What is one of the earliest Mahyna stras? Where did the Prajpramit stras develop? What genre of texts were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India? When were the texts about Akobhya Buddha written? What country is on the Ka River? In what century can the Buddhist sites in the lower Ka Valley be traced to? Where did early Mahayana scriptures originate? What did Mahyna refer to as a separate formal school or sect of? What did Paul Williams say the Mahyna never attempted to have from the early schools of Buddhism? Which monks lived in the same monasteries? What is the origin of Mahyna? Who was the first translator of Mahyna stras into Chinese? What series of texts were probably composed in the 1st century BCE in the south of India? When were the texts about Akobhya Buddha composed? What was the last and most recent type of thought? What was the last and most recent type of thought? What was the last and most recent type of thought? Who was a public supporter of the religion? What was the name of the Buddhist religious memorials? What are stpas? Where were emissaries sent to? Who were the emissaries accompanied by? Where were emissaries sent to? What religions were influenced by Buddhism? Who was immortalized in the Buddhist canon? When did the Theravada school spread south? When did the Theravada school spread south? When were the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When did Mahayana Sutras spread to China? Where did Mahayana Sutras spread to in the 2nd century CE? When did Esoteric Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia? What are China and India starting to fund? What are the teachings of the Buddha and the Dharma? What is the Sangha? What is the West Buddhism often seen as? What type of influences lead to new forms of Buddhism that depart from traditional beliefs and practices? When did the Dalit Buddhist movement begin? What is the Dalit Buddhist movement called? What was the name of the Nichiren Buddhism movement? What is Soka Gakkai? How many people are in Soka Gakkai International? What is Soka Gakkai International? How many people practice Buddhism? What is the largest population of Buddhists in China? How many Buddhists live in China? How many adherents does Mahayana have? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many Buddhist adherents were in Asia in 1910? How many Buddhists were in Asia in 2010? How many Buddhists were in Asia in 2010? What does Hinayana mean? What term is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What does not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook? What is one Buddhist ecumenical organization? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? What is the ancestral name of Theravada? What was the original version of scripture? Where does the west have a growing presence? Who believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What can Laypersons produce? What is the name of the university in north-eastern India? What are the Mahayana Sutras? What did some of the sutras become for Mahayanists? What are some of the sutras to lay the foundations for later attainment of Buddhahood? What is another term for Native Mahayana Buddhism? What is Vajrayana referred to as? What is the most widely practised today? What did the royal courts sponsor as a result of Vajrayana literature? Who taught mantras in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras? What is a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition? What type of scriptures exist in great variety? What do some schools venerate certain texts as? What type of text does Buddhism have? What do Tibetan Buddhists not even translated most of the gamas? What are the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka? What is the size and complexity of the Buddhist canons? Who was championed as a unifying scripture? What are the major principles of Buddhism? What were condensed'study texts' created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks? What was Dwight Goddard's emphasis on? What document did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempt to create? What does Pli Tipitaka mean? What are the three baskets in the Pli Tipitaka? What does the Pli Tipitaka refer to? What is the name of the Pitaka? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and what other Pitaka? What is the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? What was the name of the monk that presided after the death of the Buddha? How did the council record the Buddha's teachings? Who recited the vinaya? Who was called upon to recite the dhamma? What did nanda recite? What is the name of the collection of teachings that the Canon preserved from? Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What did Nagarjuna criticize the early teachings of Gautama Buddha? What do Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate? What is the name of Mahyna? What are the Mahayana sutras reserved for? What did the Mahayana sutras come from? What did the Mahayana sutras come from? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit? East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as what? When did the Mahayana sutras begin to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India? What label was applied to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras? What school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? In what country did the Mahayana texts come from? What designation is seen as derogatory in the modern era? What term was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What term was the more politically correct and much more usual term used by Mahynists? What does Buddhism provide for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects? What does the emphasis on the Middle way provide a unique guideline for? Along with moral and spiritual, what other systems of thought have been subjects of close study? What is one of the tenets of Christianity? The Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what? What should be considered a religion? What should be considered a religion? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When was Pop Idol released? What is Pop Idol based on? On what channel did Pop Idol begin airing? Who produced American Idol? What is Pop Idol based on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did the show begin airing on Fox? What is Pop Idol based on? Who was the original judges? Who hosted the show? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? Who hosted the show? Who hosted the show? Who was the original judges? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? Who was the original judges? Who was the original judges? Who was the original judges? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? How many Billboard chart-toppers are there? Who is a juggernaut for Billboard magazine? Who said the show was the most impactful in the history of television? Who is a Billboard chart-topper? How many Billboard chart-toppers has Idol spawned? Who is a Billboard chart-topper? How many Billboard chart-toppers has Idol spawned? How many Billboard chart-toppers are there? Who said the show was the most impactful in the history of television? When did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? When did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? How many consecutive years did the 2003-04 television season last? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in the fifteenth season? What television competition was American Idol inspired by? Who created American Idol? In what year did the show debut in Britain? Who was one of the judges? Who did Nigel Lythgoe see it in Australia? What television competition was American Idol inspired by? Who did Nigel Lythgoe see it in Australia? What type of voting was already in use in the Eurovision Song Contest? In what year did the show debut in Britain? Who saw Nigel Lythgoe's television show in Australia? How many consecutive seasons did the show hold on for? When did American Idol debut? In what year did Fuller, Cowell and Simon Jones attempt to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States? Who was Rupert Murdoch's daughter? Who was the head of Fox's parent company? What was the name of American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? How many judges did the show continue with? How many judges had the show planned to have? Who was hired as a fourth judge? Who was the first judge to be chosen? How many judges had the show planned to have? Who was the first judge to be chosen? Who was hired as a fourth judge? What season did the show continue with the three judges format? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? Who replaced Paula Abdul? How many seasons did she stay for? When did Simon Cowell announce he was leaving the show to introduce the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA? What is the name of the American version of Simon Cowell's show? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? When did Paula Abdul leave the show? On what date did Simon Cowell announce he was leaving the show? Who replaced Paula Abdul? How many seasons did she leave the show? In what season was Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb used? Who was the season eight runner-up? What season did Donna Summer join as judges? What season did Jewel and Olivia Newton-John win? What season did Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry win? Who were the guest judges in season two? What season did Shania Twain win? What season did Donna Summer join as judges? Who co-hosted the first season? Who co-hosted the first season? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? What did the mentors help guide the contestants with? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? How old is the eligible age range for contestants? When was the upper limit raised to twenty-eight? What is the semi-final stage in the U.S.? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? Who is the only audition stage shown on television? How many auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city? What is the only audition stage shown on television? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? What is the name of the show's producer? Where are the judges sent to? How many seasons was the group round eliminated? How many seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood until season ten? How many seasons did the executive producers split up the females and males? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood until season ten? How do the contestants perform in a series of rounds? How many seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics? Where do contestants perform in groups based on a theme? How many girls did the judges have to choose each night to make the top twenty? How many girls did the Las Vegas round become? How many text messages did the number of texts reach by season eight? How many votes were cast in the first season? How are votes counted and verified by Telescope Inc? When is the fate of the contestants decided by public vote? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many groups were there in season one? What was the name of the round in which contestants were given another chance? How many groups were there in season one? How many groups were there in seasons two and three? How many groups of ten were there in season one? How many groups were there in season one? How many finalists did each of the three judges champion in seasons two and three? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many of each group remained to form the top twelve? How many of each group remained to form the top twelve? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13? How many groups of twelve were there in season eight? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many semifinalists were there in the season? When did the wildcard round return? How many groups of twelve were there in season eight? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13? How many of the semifinalists were split into gender groups in season twelve? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for the season? How long did the finals last? How long did the finals last in season one? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for the season? How long did the finals last? How many songs do contestants sing each week? How many seasons are judges allowed to overturn viewers' decision with a "Judges' Save"? How long can the save be used? What is one of the three sent to? When was the first Idol Gives Back episode? How many seasons was the "Fan Save" introduced? How many minutes are viewers given to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What was introduced in the fourteenth season? How many minutes are viewers given to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What is the name of the top 8 show in the finals? What is the name of the theatre that holds over 7,000 people? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the last episode of the season? What theatre has an audience capacity of about 3,400? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the audience capacity of the Gibson Amphitheatre? Where was the venue located in seasons seven through thirteen? What company has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner of the fourteenth season? How many months after the season's finale did BMG/Sony have the right to sign contestants? How many albums does the winner receive? What company has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner of the fourteenth season? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What is the outcome of the public vote? How many seasons can contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? Who led the American Idol band from season four to season nine? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? How many seasons can contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? Who co-hosted the event? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? Who did Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman co-host? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? Who was eliminated at the top four? When was Christina Christian eliminated? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many semifinals were there? Who was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? Where was Tamyra Gray eliminated? Who was hospitalized before the top six result show? When did Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites? What year did Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites? Who was the final showdown between Guarini and Kelly Clarkson? When did Clarkson win the crown? What was the name of the single that broke a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles? What was the name of the musical film that Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Clarkson sell worldwide? What was the name of the single that broke a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles? What song did Clarkson perform during the finale? What was the name of the single that broke a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles? Who held the record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the musical film that Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Clarkson sell worldwide? When was the second season moved up to air? Who was a correspondent for this season? When was the second season moved up to air? Who was a correspondent for this season? Who did Corey Clark have an affair with during the finals? Who was disqualified for having modelled for an adult website? Who was disqualified during the finals? Who was arrested on an assault charge? Who was disqualified during the finals? Who was disqualified for having modelled for an adult website? Who was arrested on an assault charge? Who was the winner of Ruben Studdard? How many votes did Studdard have? Who was the winner of Ruben Studdard? How many votes did Studdard finish ahead of Aiken? Which executive producer indicated that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale? Who was the winner of Ruben Studdard? Who was the winner of Ruben Studdard? How many votes did Studdard finish ahead of Aiken? How many votes did Studdard have? Who was the winner of Ruben Studdard? What song did Aiken out-perform? Who was a country singer? What song did Aiken out-perform? What song did Aiken out-perform? What song did Aiken out-perform? Who outperformed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings"? Who was a country singer? When did Season three premiere? Who rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention? Who rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention? When did Season three premiere? Who rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention? Who rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention? What were the three black singers dubbed? Which black singer was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who reportedly received a death threat? What were the three black singers dubbed? Which black singer was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who reportedly received a death threat? Who was the last two finalists? What was Fantasia's coronation single? What song did DeGarmo release? What was Barrino's performance at Top 8? Who considered "Summertime" as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show? Who were the last two finalists? What was Barrino's "Summertime" later known as? What was Fantasia's coronation single? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? Who produces the show? Who was replaced by Nikko Smith? During what time period was voting repeated on the result night? When was the result postponed? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? How many records does Underwood sell worldwide? What song did Underwood and Bice release? Who was announced the winner in May 2005? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? Who was announced the winner in May 2005? What song did Underwood and Bice release? How many albums did Underwood sell in the U.S.? What season began on January 17, 2006? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for? What season began on January 17, 2006? When did Season five begin? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who was Fuel's new lead singer? Who is Chris Daughtry? What version of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges? What did the judges criticize Live's version of "I Walk the Line"? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was the name of McPhee's single? When was Taylor Hicks named American Idol? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was the name of McPhee's single? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? When did Season 6 begin? How many viewers attended the premiere? When did Season 6 begin? How many viewers attended the premiere? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? What is the name of the satellite radio personality who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? On what date was Sanjaya voted off? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? What was Sanjaya Malakar's hair? What is the name of the satellite radio personality who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? On what date was Sanjaya voted off? What was the name of the first Idol Gives Back event? How much did the first Idol Gives Back event raise? Who was eliminated in the final three? What was the name of the first Idol Gives Back event? Which two contestants were eliminated that week? Who was eliminated in the final three? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up in the May 23 season finale? Who was declared the winner of the season finale? Who was declared the winner of the season finale? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up in the May 23 season finale? When did Season four premiere? How many auditions were there in the first season? How many rockers did Bo Bice and Constantine Maroulis benefit from the new rule? What was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition? What was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition? When did Season four premiere? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in? How many auditions were there in the first season? How many rockers did Bo Bice and Constantine Maroulis benefit from the new rule? When did Sparks release the song "This Is My Now"? What song was released by Sparks in 2007? How many entries were selected for the public vote? What contest allows fans to vote for the "coronation song"? What does the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? How many entries were selected for the public vote? What song was released by Sparks in 2007? When did Sparks release the song "This Is My Now"? When did Season seven premiere? Who attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? Who had prior recording contracts? When did Season seven premiere? Who attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? How many contestants did the media focus on? Who had prior recording contracts? What was the name of David Cook's performance? Who is David Cook? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? When did American Idol debut a new state-of-the-art set and stage? When did American Idol debut a new state-of-the-art set and stage? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? Who is David Cook? Who is David Archuleta? What season was Jennifer Lopez brought in as a judge? What was Jason Castro's semi-final performance? Who did Jason Castro's semi-final performance of "Hallelujah" propelled to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the name of the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances? What was John Lennon's "Imagine"? Who called the song-moment a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget? Who is Jason Castro? Who did Jason Castro's semi-final performance of "Hallelujah" propelled to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the name of the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? On what date was David Cook announced the winner? Who was the first rocker to win the show? What song was released on May 22, 2008? What songwriter contest was held this season? When was the song "The Time of My Life" released? What song was released on May 22, 2008? When was the song "The Time of My Life" released? When did Season 8 premiere? Who was the widow of? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? On what date did Season 8 premiere? On what date did Season 8 premiere? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the widow of? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? How long was the Hollywood round extended to? What did Nigel Lythgoe focus on? When was the Hollywood round moved to the Kodak Theatre? Why was Idol Gives Back canceled? How many judges were introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? What did Nigel Lythgoe focus on? When was the Hollywood round moved to the Kodak Theatre? What year was Idol Gives Back canceled? How many finalists were there this season? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who were eliminated by Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai? How many finalists were there this season? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? Who were the two finalists? Who were the two finalists? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? Who were the two finalists? In what season did Allen win the most controversial voting result? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? Who did AT&T employees unfairly influence the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who wrote "No Boundaries"? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who wrote "No Boundaries"? What is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve? What is the name of the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status? When did Season nine premiere? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? When did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge? When did Season nine premiere? Who did Ellen DeGeneres replace at the start of Hollywood Week? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? When did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who was the producer of the show? What type of diabetes did Crystal Bowersox have? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? How long was Crystal Bowersox hospitalized? What was the schedule rearranged so the boys performed first? Who was the producer of the show? Who was the producer of Ken Warwick? Who was the lowest vote getter? Who was the lowest vote getter? Who was invited back to be a mentor? How much did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was the lowest vote getter? Who was invited back to be a mentor? Who was presented in the finale for his final season with the show? Who was presented in the finale for his final season with the show? Who was presented in the finale for his final season with the show? Who made an appearance on the show? Who were the final two contestants? What song did DeWyze choose? When was DeWyze declared the winner? Who were the final two contestants? What song did DeWyze choose? What was Patty Griffin's cover song? When did Season ten of the series premiere? How many of the series premiered on January 19, 2011? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What version of the U.S. version of the X Factor did Simon Cowell launch? Who returned as executive producer? When did Season ten of the series premiere? Who returned as executive producer? Who did Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler join as judges? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What is the first season to include online auditions? How can contestants submit a 40-second video audition? How can contestants submit a 40-second video audition? What is the first season to include online auditions? How can contestants submit a 40-second video audition? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? In what round was Medina cut? Who was hospitalized twice? Who was hospitalized twice? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? In what round was Medina cut? Who was hospitalized twice? How many results did Casey Abrams miss? Who was hospitalized twice? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who did Tom Hanks play? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who did Tom Hanks play? Who were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery finalists in 2011? Who were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery finalists in 2011? What was McCreery's first single? What song did Alaina release? Who was the youngest male artist to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200? On what date did McCreery win American Idol? Who were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery finalists in 2011? Who was the youngest male artist to reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200? When did Season 11 premiere? What was the name of Jermaine Jones? Who was the finalist in the Top 24? When did Season 11 premiere? Who was the finalist in the Top 24? On what date was Jones disqualified? What was Jones disqualified for concealing? Who was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show? What caused a blockage? How many surgeries did he have during his Idol run? Who was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show? Who was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show? What was Phillip Phillips' kidney pain? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? When did Sanchez make the final two? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? Who proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo? Who proposed marriage to Diana DeGarmo? Who did Ace Young propose marriage to? Who became the winner? Who proposed marriage to Diana DeGarmo on stage? Who did Ace Young propose marriage to? What song did Phillips release as his coronation song? What song did Sanchez release? What song did Phillips release as his coronation song? What song did Sanchez release? What song did Phillips release as his coronation song? What year did Season 12 premiere? Who left the show after two seasons? Who leaked a video of the dispute between Minaj and Carey? On what date did Season 12 premiere? How many judges were on the panel? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many males were eliminated in the first five weeks? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were given an extra week to perform again? Who won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot? Who took the runner-up spot? What did Glover release as a single? What was the name of Harrison's single? Who won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot? Who took the runner-up spot? What did Glover release as a single? What was the name of Harrison's single? Who signed Glover's debut album? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? How many seasons did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave to focus on their music careers? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? Who did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave after one season to focus on their music careers? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who returned as host of the thirteenth season? What role did Jackson move from the judging panel to? Who was a director of the audition episodes? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor? Who was the former mentor of Harry Connick, Jr.? Who joined Urban on the panel? Who were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger? Who was saved from elimination by the judges? The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night? What were contestants allowed to perform in the final rounds? Who was saved from elimination by the judges? Where did Sam Woolf receive the fewest votes? The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up of the season? What did Johnson release as long as You Love Me? What song did Irene release? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up of the season? What did Johnson release as long as You Love Me? What song did Irene release? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who returned to host? Who was the runner-up for Urban during the New York City auditions? Who did Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. return for their respective fourth, third and second seasons? Who did not return as the in-house mentor for this season? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who was the runner-up for Urban during the New York City auditions? How many episodes does the final ten episode air? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company maintained a reduced role in the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? How many episodes does the final ten episode air? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company maintained a reduced role in the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? Who won the season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? Who released a single called "Forcefield"? What did Fradiani release as his coronation single? What was Jax's single called? Who won the season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? What did Fradiani release as his coronation single? What song did Beckham release? Who released a single called "Forcefield"? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? What is the final season of American Idol? Who are the judges for the third, fourth, and fifth seasons of Ryan Seacrest? Who returns as host? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who returns as host? How many contestants have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show? When did the Idol show begin? How many of the Idol winners have come from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? How many Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Who are all from North Carolina? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants in 2010? What percentage of households in the East Central region were more likely to watch American Idol? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants in 2010? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? Who is the winner of season five? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What is the name of the church in which many people get their start in public singing? What is the name of the church in which many people get their start in public singing? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What did Idol pundits call the white guy with guitar? Who was the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? What is the title of Richard Rushfield's book? How many consecutive seasons was the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? Who plays the guitar? What did Idol pundits call the white guy with guitar? Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story? Who was the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? How many Entertainment had to sign a contract that gave excessive control over their future career? Who beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? Who did Ruben Studdard beat in a close vote? When was Vote for the Worst closed? How many text votes were there in season 8? When did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? In what season did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? What has been expressed from the very first season? When did Vote for the Girls start? When was Vote for the Worst closed? What is the name of the charity event that is started in season six? How much has the event raised? What is the name of the charity event that is started in season six? What is Idol Gives Back? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers did the first show draw? How many people watched the finale night? When did American Idol premiere? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers did the first show draw? How many people watched the finale night? How many seasons did the season premiere begin? How many viewers did the season attract? Who won over Clay Aiken? What season did American Idol become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time? What season is the highest-rated season of the series? How many seasons did the season premiere begin? How many viewers did the season attract? How many seasons did American Idol become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time? What episode premiered with the highest-rated debut episode of American Idol? What episode premiered with the highest-rated debut episode of American Idol? What was the show dubbed? How long did The Cosby Show last? What episode premiered with the highest-rated debut episode of American Idol? What was the show dubbed? What was the decline in viewership over the course of the season? What was the average results of Season six? How many seasons did the loss of viewers begin? What year did the Writers Guild of America strike? How many seasons did the loss of viewers begin? Who delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18-34 demo? How many seasons did the loss of viewers begin? What is the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception? What year did the Writers Guild of America strike? What was Idol's streak of perfection broken in season nine? How many consecutive seasons did American Idol have? What year did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics take place? When did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol? How many viewers did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol? How many years was Idol's extended streak of perfection in the ratings broken? What was the median age of the viewer this season? What was the median age of the viewer this season? What was the median age of the viewer this season? What was the median age of the viewer this season? How many years did American Idol lose the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? What was American Idol's second position in the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? How long did American Idol lose the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? How many viewers did the season viewers average? How many viewers did the season viewers average? When did American Idol lose its Top 30 ranking? How many viewers did the finale have? How many viewers did the season viewers average? What was Coca-Cola's major sponsor for season 14? How many viewers watched the fourteenth season finale? On what date did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? How many viewers watched the fourteenth season finale? In what decade did American Idol become the most watched non-scripted primetime television series? How many adults were on Fox in 2012? What was the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? What was the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? Who claimed the show "saved Fox"? What is the name of the non-singing TV show that served as a blueprint for non-singing TV shows? What is the name of the singing-competition show that spawned a number of imitating success in the mid-2000s and early 2010s? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? Who monitors radio stations? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? Who is the author of books on the Billboard charts? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have in their post-Idol careers? How many albums have the American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have in their post-Idol careers? How many albums have the American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? Who won a role in Dreamgirls on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? What type of theatre is American Idol strongly felt in? Who won a role in Dreamgirls on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd? What was Jennifer Hudson's role in Dreamgirls? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? What group did Ken Tucker think American Idol is crazily entertaining? When was the national anthem sing at the Lincoln Memorial? Who said American Idol is crazily entertaining? What group did Ken Tucker think American Idol is crazily entertaining? Who is the San Diego Union-Tribune? What was the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2002? Who did Michael Slezak think Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business? Who was accused of helping to establish a culture of meanness? Who disparaged the contestants? Who accused Simon Cowell of helping to establish a culture of meanness? What did Sheryl Crow believe the show promote? Who suggested that Idol has reshaped the American songbook? Who was accused of helping to establish a culture of meanness? Who disparaged the contestants? Who appeared as a mentor in American Idol? In what year did LeAnn Rimes comment on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who was a mentor on American Idol? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who appeared as a mentor in American Idol? What type of format is the music format in? What type of music is the country music format? How many Emmys did Bruce Gower win? Who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music or Comedy Series in 2009? How many Creative Arts Emmys did Bruce Gower win in 2007? What edition of Idol Gives Back? How many years was American Idol nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program? In what year did Bruce Gower win a Governor's Award? How much was the show estimated to generate in 2004? What is the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American? What theme park attraction did American Idol partner with Disney? How much was the show estimated to generate in 2004? What theme park attraction did American Idol partner with? What season did American Idol become the most expensive for advertisers? How much did American Idol sell for the finale? How much did ad revenue go for in 2014? How much did the ad prices reach a peak in season seven? How many seasons did American Idol start? How much revenue did advertising revenue rise annually in the next few seasons? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? What company joined AT&T Wireless in the second season? When did Coca-Cola end its sponsorship? How many seasons has iTunes sponsored the show? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? What company joined AT&T in the second season? What did the promotion of AT&T do? How many product placements did Idol show by season six? Who declined to sponsor American Idol at the start of the show? Who sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor? Who declined to sponsor American Idol at the start of the show? Who sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor? When did Pepsi lose market share? What tour was the most successful? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? Who won a sing-off? Who was the sponsor of Kellogg's Pop-Tarts? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What tour was the most successful? How many seasons were live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? How many seasons were the recordings released? Where were live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What is the name of the winner's coronation single? What was the name of the compilation album for the first five seasons? What was American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program? Where were live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What is the name of the recording label that holds the rights to phonographic material? What was the name of Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records? What is the name of the Bertelsmann Music Group? Who owns 19 Recordings? What is the name of the recording label that holds the rights to phonographic material? What is the name of the Bertelsmann Music Group? What was the name of the joint venture that BMG partnered with in 2005-2007? What was the name of UMG's Records? What Disney company debuted "The American Idol Experience" on February 14, 2009? When did the Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? When did the attraction close? Who co-produced the live production? When did the Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? Where did The American Idol Experience begin? What did the winner of the finals show receive? When did the attraction close? How many nations are broadcasting American Idol? Who aired the first 13 seasons of American Idol in Canada? When did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? When did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? How many nations are broadcasting American Idol? Who aired the first 13 seasons of American Idol in Canada? When did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? Who broadcast the twelfth season in Italy? How many days after the U.S. broadcasts are aired in the United Kingdom? Who broadcasts Southeast Asia's broadcast every Thursday and Friday? How many hours after Thursday and Friday are there? Who broadcasts Southeast Asia's broadcast every Thursday and Friday? Who broadcast the twelfth season in Italy? What is the name of the ringers planted by the producers? How many consecutive years did Nielsen have? How many consecutive years did Nielsen have? What is a domesticated canid? What is a domesticated canid? How long has the domesticated canid been selectively bred? What is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for? What year did extensive genetic studies take place? How many years ago were dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? When did dogs diverge from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? What type of diet does dogs thrive on? In what year did dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? What is the nickname for man's best friend in the Western world? What is the nickname for man's best friend in the Western world? What is a source of meat in some cultures? What is the name of the Old English finger-docce? What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What is a "powerful dog breed"? What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What was the general word for domestic canines in England in 14th century? What type of hound was common in England? In what century did dog become the general word? What was the general word for domestic canines in England in 14th century? When did dog become the general word? What type of hunting did hound refer to? What is the Proto-Indo-European word? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the father of a litter called? What are offspring called? What is the Old English word hwelp? What is a female called in breeding circles? What is a female called in breeding circles? What is a group of offspring? What is the father of a litter called? What is the mother of a litter called? What are offspring called? What species did Linnaeus include? In what year did Linnaeus publish Systema Naturae? Who published Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included Canis species? What does Canis lupus mean? What was the name of the first edition of Mammal Species of the World? What species did Linnaeus include? What does Canis familiaris mean? What does the wolf mean? What is now regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog? When did the first edition of Mammal Species of the World list Canis familiaris? In what year did the ICZN rule that wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What was the name of the third edition of Mammal Species of the World in 2005? Who prefers to use Canis familiaris? In what year did the ICZN rule that wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? Who prefers to use Canis familiaris? In what year did the ICZN rule that wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? In what year did the ICZN rule in its Opinion 2027? How many sister monophyletic clades did genetic studies support? What is the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves? When did the earliest dogs arose? Which wolf of North Asia is close to the Taimyr? What type of hunter-gatherers were the earliest dogs? What is the extinct Taymyr wolf? Which dog breed is close to the Taimyr? Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal? What does the dog have for catching and tearing? What is the name of the predatory mammals? What is a cardiovascular system that supports sprinting and endurance? What does a dog's cardiovascular system support? What does a dog have teeth for? What is the name of the predatory mammals? What is the height and weight of a Yorkshire Terrier? What was the size of the English Mastiff? What was the size of the English Mastiff? What are the two varieties of coats of domestic dogs? What are the coats of domestic dogs made up of? What are the two varieties of coats of domestic dogs? What is the name of the coat of domestic dogs? What is a common natural camouflage pattern? What will a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What is a common natural camouflage pattern? What will a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What does a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces and light coloring below? What types of tails are there for dog tails? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What types of tails are there for dog tails? What are some breeds of dogs prone to? What type of parasites are dogs susceptible to? What is a serious medical condition that affects unspayed females of all types and ages? What is a serious medical condition that affects unspayed females? What type of parasites are dogs susceptible to? What is theobromine poisoning? What is another name for xylitol? What is xylitol? What is theobromine poisoning? What is theobromine poisoning? What can be dangerous in tobacco? What type of chocolate can be fatal? How long do mixed breeds live on average? What is the shorter lifespan? In what year did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? How long do mixed breeds live on average? How long does the median lifespan of dogs range from? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevities of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? How long are the median longevities of the longest-lived breeds? What is the name of the dog that is widely reported to be the longest-lived? What was the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? What year did "Bluey" die? What is the name of the dog that is widely reported to be the longest-lived? What year did "Bluey" die? What was the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? How old is sexual maturity in domestic dogs? What will females do at the peak of the estrus cycle? How long can sexual maturity be delayed in domestic dogs? When will female dogs have their first estrous cycle? How many days after fertilization do dogs bear their litters? How many days does the average of a dog's litters take after fertilization? How many puppies does an average litter consist of? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many days does the average of a dog's litters take after fertilization? How many puppies does an average litter consist of? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? What refers to the sterilization of animals? What organization advises that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What is sterilization usually done by removal of the male's testicles and the female's uterus? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What is sterilization usually done by removal of the male's testicles and the female's uterus? What do many animal control agencies advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality? What is the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What type of dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer? What is the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What does neutering increase the risk of incontinence in female dogs? How many different items did Rico know? What was a border collie called? What are some examples of human body language? Who can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use to solve their problems for them? What is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems? How many labels did Rico know? What skills do dogs have? How many words did "Chaser" associate with? What are the estimates for the oldest domesticated species? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? What are the social-cognitive skills of human children? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? What is the internally coordinated response of the domestic dog to internal and/or external stimuli? What are dogs uniquely attuned to? What are the social-cognitive skills of human children? What does gustatory communication mean? How do humans communicate with dogs? What is the term for dog communication? How do humans communicate with dogs? What is the name of the characteristic that distinguishes gray wolves from domesticated dogs? What is the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles? What do gray wolves distinguish from domestic dogs? How often do gray wolves enter estrus? What were dogs initially selected for? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? What does the selection of gene variations indicate during dog domestication? What is another term for the fight-or-flight response? What do wolves show? What were dogs initially selected for? What species were initially selected for their behaviors? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? What type of aggression do wolves show? What is the global dog population estimated at? What is the global dog population estimated at? What are all dog population estimates based on? What type of predators are large wild dogs? What is the fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs? What are apex predators? What type of predators are large wild dogs? What do wolves kill more frequently than they kill sheep? What country limit feral dog populations in Russia? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What type of reptile has been known to kill and eat dogs? Leopards are known to have a predilection for what? In what country are Tigers reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What type of reptile has been known to kill and eat dogs? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are dogs described in scholarly and other writings as? What types of foods can dogs consume in their diet? What type of carnivores can adapt to a wide-ranging diet? What are dogs described in scholarly and other writings as? What type of protein do dogs not depend on to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What do dogs have adaptations in genes that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet? How old are most breeds of dog? What type of roles are people artificially selected for? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? Where is the height measured to the withers in the Chihuahua? How old are most breeds of dog? How many varied breeds has the dog developed into? What are grays usually called? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What are modern kennel clubs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What type of breeds are there? What is the classification of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs? What is the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the "old world dogs" called? What is the "old world dogs" called? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What is the name of the old world dogs? What is another term for "modern"- or "hunting"-type? What did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What is one of the most successful species on the planet today? What is one of the most successful species on the planet today? What did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What type of hunter-gatherers became ubiquitous across world cultures? What is the name of a dog's best friend in the Western world? What is the nickname for man's best friend in the Western world? What is a source of meat in some cultures? What kind of scraps would dogs have cleaned up? How many dog night did the Australian Aboriginal expression refer to? What type of warning did dogs use to alert the camp to the presence of predators or strangers? How would dogs have improved sanitation? How many dog night did the Australian Aboriginal expression refer to? In what year was a study of hunter groups with and without a dog published? In what year did a study of hunter groups with and without a dog give quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication? What kind of sense of smell would have been used to assist with the hunt? What is the primary reason for the domestication of the wolf? What type of dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago? What land bridge did emigrants from Siberia walk across? How long ago did the earliest evidence of dog-like canids in North America last? How long ago did the waves enter North America? What was the population of Athabascans in North America? How many years ago did the Apache and Navajo tribes migrate? What horse was introduced to North America? How long were the remains of an elderly human and a puppy found at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding? After what war did pet dog populations increase after World War II? When did there change in the role of the pet dog? In the 1950s and 1960s, what were dogs kept outside more often than they tend to be today? Who keeps dogs as companions? In the 1950s and 1960s, what were dogs kept outside more often than they tend to be today? When did there change in the role of the pet dog? What is the name of the dog that is shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour? How many trends have there been in the changing status of pet dogs? How many major trends have occurred in the changing status of pet dogs? What is the name of the dog that is shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour? What are dogs-as-dogs included in everyday routines? What type of forms are available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? In what century did dog training become a high profile issue? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? In what century did dog training become a high profile issue? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? What type of activity can be traced back to the 18th century? What does the majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? What is the name of the television program that promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What does the majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? What is the name of the television program that promotes a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What newspaper did dogs bring in from the lawn? What was the most common way to help with the washing-up? What is the name of the activity in which the dog is an integral partner? What type of tasks do many dogs have? What newspaper did dogs bring in from the lawn? How many people have pet dogs in the US? How many people have pet dogs in the US? What is the name of the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging? What does MRI mean? What does MRI mean? What do dogs have the ability to recognize? What is the name of the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging? How do dogs recognize human sounds? What is the nickname given to dogs? What do pointers and hounds hunt? What is the name of the group that has been bred to help fishermen with? What was the name of the husky-terrier mix in 1957? What was the name of the first animal to orbit the Earth? What is the nickname given to dogs? What are rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads? What is the name of the group that has been bred to help fishermen with? What was the name of the husky-terrier mix in 1957? In what year did Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What type of dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities? What type of care does the guardian seek? What is another term for conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is not part of the judging in conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is one of the separately tested qualities of a dog? Where is dog meat consumed in East Asian countries? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to have medicinal properties? What do proponents of eating dog meat argue that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is? What does Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to have medicinal properties? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is gaejang-guk? What is gaejang-guk? What type of powder does gaejang-guk contain? What is gaejang-guk meant to balance the body's heat during? What type of powder does gaejang-guk contain? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? How many fatalities did the US average per year in the 1980s and 1990s? How many fatalities did the US average in the 2000s? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? How many fatalities did the US average per year in the 1980s and 1990s? What type of bites were less severe in children? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? How many falls are there each year in the United States? What type of vehicles were involved in dog-associated road accidents? What type of vehicles were involved in dog-associated road accidents? What is toxocara canis? What can cause toxocara canis? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year? What can toxocariasis cause? What is toxocara canis? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year? What percentage of soil samples from public parks contained T. canis eggs? What can toxocariasis cause? In what year did a 2005 paper indicate that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What is absenteeism from school? In what year did a 2005 paper indicate that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What type of exercise did people with pet dogs take? What type of exercise did people with pet dogs take? What is a health benefit from exposure to microorganisms? What do dogs act as facilitators of? In what year did a study find that pet owners were more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners? What do people show reductions in when in presence of a pet dog? What do wheelchair users experience when they are accompanied by a dog? What were animals introduced into to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What can animal-assisted therapy with a dog increase? What type of behavior did children with ADHD and conduct disorders participate in an education program with dogs and other animals? When were animals introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What were animals introduced into to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What animals were used as a part of therapy? What can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What are medical detection dogs capable of detecting? How much larger is the olfactory cortex? How many times does a dog detect odour? How much larger is the olfactory cortex? How many cancer patients were detected by a Labrador Retriever? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? Who is Tadaklan? How many dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is the name of Muthappan's hunting dog? Who owns two watch dogs? What kind of figurines are available at the Muthappan Temple? Who owns two watch dogs? Where are the gates of Naraka? What is Muthappan's hunting dog? What kind of figurines are available at the Muthappan Temple? Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? Who called for dog ownership to be made illegal? What are leather dog booties required to wear when searching mosques or Muslim homes? Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? When did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal? Where did Islamic activists lobby for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? How are police sniffer dogs allowed to contact passengers in Britain? What do dogs represent in Christianity? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed dogs? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed before themselves? What do dogs represent in Christianity? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? In what country are dogs viewed as kind protectors? What are dogs viewed as? Where were dogs portrayed on the walls of caves? What scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? Where were dogs portrayed? What scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? What became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed? What type of health conditions are dogs vulnerable to? What are male French Bulldogs incapable of mounting? What was the most common response when approached by strangers? What was the most common response when approached by strangers? What is the focus of modern research on dog cognition? What did Wolves and their dog descendants have derived from living in human camps? What is one of the key forces that led to human success? What has been criticised for being poorly controlled? How many visits do people who keep pet dogs or cats have? What year did the Summer Olympics take place? How long did the "Journey of Harmony" last? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay? On what date did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? When did the torch arrive in Beijing? How many continents did the torch pass through? Along what road has the torch visited cities? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? On what date did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? Where did the torch travel to after being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? Where did the torch arrive on March 31? Where was the flame at the top of Mount Everest? How many people were protested in San Francisco? How many people were protested in Pyongyang? What did people protest against China's human rights record? Who extinguished the torch? Who described the attacks on the torch in London and Paris as "despicable"? What was the number of protesters in San Francisco? Who overwhelmed protesters in Australia, Japan, South Korea? Who overwhelmed protesters in Australia, Japan, South Korea? How many skirmishes were reported between protesters and supporters? Where was the torch relay located? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What did Rogge say athletes could be expelled from the games? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? Who could be expelled from the games? What did IOC members call to cancel the relay? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? What was the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games cancelled? What was the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games cancelled? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the height of aluminum? How many grams does it weigh? What is used to ignite and extinguish the flame? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the height of aluminum? How many miles per hour is the torch designed to remain lit? How many centimetres high is it? How long is the torch fueled by cans of propane? What was the name of the chartered Air China Airbus A330? What color did the Air China Airbus A330 paint in? When was Air China chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier? How many days did the plane travel through 21 countries and regions? What was the name of the chartered Airbus A330? What color did the Air China Airbus A330 paint in? What did the torch and its accompanying party travel in? How many days did the plane travel through 21 countries and regions? How many countries and regions did the plane travel? How many continents did the torch travel through? What city was a stop between Hong Kong and Ho Chi Minh City? What did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan say could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as? How many continents did the torch travel through? What was the name of the torch route that the Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue? What did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan say could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as? How long is the torch route in Taiwan? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who gave the torch over to the second torchbearer? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? When was the torch handed over to organizers of the Beijing games? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? Who was the silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics? Who gave the torch over to the second torchbearer? What was the name of Nepal's police confrontation? When did the call to boycott French hypermart begin spreading? What was the name of the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did some add to the French flag? What city did Chinese protesters boycott the French-owned retail chain Carrefour? What was the name of the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did the Chinese government attempt to "calm the situation" through? When did the call to boycott French hypermart begin spreading? What did the editorial in the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in orderly and legal manner? What did the editorial in the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in orderly and legal manner? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in an orderly and legal manner? Where was the first torchbearer? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? How long was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? Who were arrested and some were deported back to China? What was the name of the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? How long was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? Who were arrested and some were deported back to China? When was the torch relay leg held in Istanbul? Where did the torch relay leg finish? Where did the torch relay leg start? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg start? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? Who arrested protesters who tried to disrupt the relay? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? Where did the torch relay start? Where did the torch relay route start? Who was one of the torch bearers? Where did the Olympic torch arrive on April 5? Where did the torch relay start? What was the name of the former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion? Who was one of the torch bearers? Where was the torch relay leg held? When was the torch relay leg held in London? How much did the security for the torch relay cost? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Where did the torch relay leg end? How long did the 48 km leg take to complete? Who was the chairman of the London Olympic Committee? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who started the relay? Who refused to carry the torch? Who welcomed the torch outside Downing Street? Who started the relay? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Where did Gordon Brown welcome the torch? Who attempted to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq? When was the torch relay leg held in Paris? Where did the torch relay leg begin? How did the torch finish the relay? Who extinguished the torch? When was the torch relay leg held in Paris? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? How many French police protected the Olympic torch relay? How many times did Chinese officials load the torch onto a bus? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was the name of the Chinese woman who received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was the name of the Chinese woman who received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who organised several symbolic protests? What tower did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner from? What cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner from? What tower did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner? Who organised several symbolic protests? What cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner from? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who was the President of the French Tibetan community? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? What was the name of the protesters who gathered at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What did Jane Birkin talk about in China? What session was granted to MPs to step outside and unfurl a banner that read "Respect for Human Rights in China"? What did a banner read in the National Assembly's session? What did the protesting MPs shout? Who organised a protest? What session was granted to MPs to step outside and unfurl a banner that read "Respect for Human Rights in China"? What did a banner read in the National Assembly's session? What did the protesting MPs shout? What flags were confiscated from demonstrators? What newspaper did Libération comment that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression? Where was the Tibetan flag forbidden? Who was the Minister of the Interior? What flags were confiscated from demonstrators? What was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro? Who was the Minister of the Interior? Who struck a cameraman in the face? Where did the torch relay occur? When did the torch relay occur in San Francisco? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the torch to leave for Buenos Aires? Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? Where did the torch relay occur? What was the name of the torch relay's North American leg? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What was the planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? What is the name of the human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet? On what date were protests planned? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? Where was the United Nations Plaza located? Who led the protests? How many banners did the Golden Gate Bridge unfurl? What station did Laurel Sutherlin speak to? Which country had already requested a shortened torch route in San Francisco? How many banners did the Golden Gate Bridge unfurl? Who spoke to KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone? How many activists and supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance? How many activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners? Where did the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappear? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? What district did the torch run end? What airport was moved to for a makeshift closing ceremony? What was the name of the heavily trafficked thoroughfare that wasn't on official route plans? When was the torch relay leg held in Buenos Aires? Where is the Lola Mora amphitheatre located? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torch relay leg held? What amphitheatre is located in Costanera Sur? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What did people showered the parade route with? Who was a pro-Tibet activist? What was the name of the march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall? What banner was displayed on the torch route? Who was a pro-Tibet activist? Where did the alternative march go? What was the name of a protester's own march? What banner was displayed on the torch route? What was the aim of the NGO? Who is the outreach director of HRTR? What is a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr? Who pulled out to avoid the Olympic controversy? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? How many water balloons were throwing in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What is a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr? Who pulled out to avoid the Olympic controversy? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? How many water balloons were throwing in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What type of protests were peaceful in nature? What was the torch's only stop in Africa? On what date was Dar es Salaam the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? What was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? Where was the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium built? What country was the TAZARA Railway? Who lit the torch? Who was the torch's only stop in the Middle East? When was Muscat's only stop in the Middle East? Who was one of the torchbearers? Who was the torch's only stop in the Middle East? How many kilometers did the relay cover? Who was one of the torchbearers? When did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad? Where was the torch carried around? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay? When did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad? What was the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium? When was the relay through New Delhi cut? How many runners shared the relay through New Delhi on April 17? Who refused to take part in the torch relay? How many torchbearers are there? How many runners were in New Delhi on April 17? How many miles was the relay from New Delhi cut to? How many runners shared the relay through New Delhi on April 17? How many torchbearers are there? Who refused to take part in the torch relay? What is the security of the relay normally associated with? Who was the Indian ambassador to Beijing? Who did Kamal Nath cancel an official trip to Beijing? Who was the Commerce Minister of India? When was the ambassador summoned to the Foreign Ministry? What type of celebrations are considered terrorist targets? What is considered terrorist targets? How many Tibetan exiles did India want the torch route to be clear of? What did Indian officials say India was a democracy? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's Tibetan exile community? How many Tibetan exiles did India want the torch route to be clear of? What did Indian officials say India was a democracy? Who did Indian officials refuse permission to do? What is the combined effect of a rapid deterioration of relations between India and China? What country is based in India? Who refused to participate in the event? Who was Kiran Bedi? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? On what date was a protest organised in Delhi? Who refused to participate in the event? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? Where was a protest organised? Who broke up a protest in Delhi on April 16? Why did Kiran Bedi refuse to participate in the event? When did the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand? Who was the Green World Foundation chairwoman? What did students tell the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with? When did the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand? How many kilometers did the relay cover? Why did Thai authorities threaten to arrest foreign protesters? Who boycotted the torchbearer relay? When was the event held in Kuala Lumpur? What is the capital city of Malaysia? Where did the 16.5 km long-relay begin? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? Where did the 16.5 km long-relay begin? Where did the Petronas Twin Towers end? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? How many personnel did the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guard the torchbearers? Who demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital? Who demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital? What type of batons did Chinese nationals use? Which two countries belong to China? How many other Malaysians protested at the relay? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Who requested the torch to be carried around the city main's stadium? Who were invited to the stadium? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? How long was the relay through Jakarta cancelled? Why was the original 20 km relay cancelled? What is the name of the stadium in which the event was held? Where did Protests take place? On what date was the event held in Canberra? Who presented the Olympic flame to? What was a gift of peace and welcome? Who argued publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference? Where was the Australian Capital Territory held? How many km of Canberra's central areas did the event cover? How many km of Canberra's central areas did the event cover? Who kept apart Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators? Who presented the Olympic flame to? What Army personnel did China request to deploy along the relay route? What did the Chinese Students and Scholars Association call the Australian police to do? Who is chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? What was the name of the People's Liberation Army? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who is chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who was a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Who said Smith's decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Who said Smith's decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? Who was closely involved to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists? Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? How many Chinese supporters were expected to attend the relay? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? Who was closely involved to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists? Where was Japan's Winter Olympics held? When was the Winter Olympics held in Nagano? Where was Japan's Winter Olympics held? What event was held in Nagano? What Japanese Buddhist temple was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano? What was the name of the new starting point of a municipal building? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul in 1988? Where did the 24-kilometer route begin? What Chinese students clashed with protesters on the day of the torch relay? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul in 1988? When was the event held in Pyongyang? Who was the head of the country's parliament? Who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team? What tower commemorates the national ideology of Juche? How long did Pak Du Ik travel through Pyongyang? What event was held in Pyongyang on April 28? What did the authoritarian regime organize in Pyongyang? Who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team? What did UNICEF think would be used as a propaganda stunt? What is North Korea ranked among the world's worst offenders against? What organization did UNICEF withdraw from? Who did UNICEF withdraw from the United Nations Organization? What was UNICEF's mission to raise awareness of? What country is frequently listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? On what date was Vietnam held in Ho Chi Minh City? What city was Vietnam held on April 29? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? What was the name of the city that Vietnam is involved in in a territorial dispute with China? What are the islands that Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China? What was the name of the county-level city in Vietnam? What is the name of the city that Vietnam is involved in? Which Vietnamese Prime Minister warned government agencies that "hostile forces" may try to disrupt the torch relay? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? Who was arrested on charges of tax evasion? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? What is the real name of iu Cày? Who was arrested on charges of tax evasion? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? What were the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea? On what date was the event held in Hong Kong? Who was the first torchbearer? What was the name of the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre? Where was Golden Bauhinia Square located? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? What year was the event held in Hong Kong? Who handed the torch to the first torchbearer? What boat did Sha Tin cross through? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? What did members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China wave? When did the Tiananmen Square protest? Who wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? How were protesters taken away by the authorities? What did Chan claim her human rights were breached? What type of flames did members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China wave? Who was the Legislative Council member? What flag did Christina Chan wrap around her body? What group was led by Jens Galschit? What did Galschit paint? What were Galschit and other people denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Which actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What is a violation to Hong Kong's policy? What group was led by Jens Galschit? What did Galschit paint? What were Galschit and other people denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Which actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? On what date was the event held in Macau? Where was a ceremony held? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who were the first torchbearer in the relay? How many non-athletes were among the torchbearers? On what date was the event held in Macau? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who were the first torchbearer in the relay? Who was the first torchbearer in the relay? What did the Macao Daily News say the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent? What was the name of a Macau resident who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com? What is the name of the Internet forum that was shut down from May 2 to May 2? Who was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What was the name of a Macau resident who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com? Who is the head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? Who attended the torch celebrations in Sanya, Hainan? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? What year did the torch return to China? What is the name of the International Olympic Committee? Who attended the torch's arrival in Sanya, Hainan? What type of media coverage has Western reporters in Beijing described as partial and censored? Who have accused Western media coverage of being biased? Who criticised Libération? What is the name of the torch relay? What type of media coverage has Western reporters in Beijing described as partial and censored? What is another name for the disruption of the torch lighting ceremony? Who criticised Libération? What did Libération support? What did the Chinese media focus on in response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests? What did Xinhua and CCTV condemn? Who expressed support for the protestors? What did Xinhua say protesters were? Who expressed support for the protestors? Who quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests? What did the official Chinese website for the relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for? What should not be mixed with sports and politics? What did the official Chinese website for the relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for? What should not be mixed with sports and politics? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What is the name of the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relay relays? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What is the name of the cable news network? What is the name of the cable news network? Who called on CNN to "apologise" for insulting the Chinese people? What was the name of the article published by the BBC? Who noted that Chinese people were now able to access the BBC News website for the first time? How many people gathered outside the BBC buildings in Manchester and London? Who noted that Chinese people were now able to access the BBC News website for the first time? What did he say people who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there? Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" What was the name of the anti-CNN website that was criticized by the Chinese government? Who created Anti-cnn? Who created Anti-cnn? Who voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out? When was Asian Times sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit"? What are the matching blue tracksuits designed to accompany the torch every step of the way? What is one of the torch attendants called? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out? When was Asian Times sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit"? What are the blue tracksuits intended to accompany the torch every step of the way? What is one of the torch attendants called? When did the call to boycott French hypermart begin spreading? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? Who did LVMH Group donate funds to? What did Swastika add to the French flag? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did Chinese protesters accuse the French nation of? What was the name of the anti-Japanese protests? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? What is the name of the internet forum that the government began to censor? On what date did protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang? When did the anti-Japanese protests occur? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? Who attempted to calm the protests? Where did protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores? Who was the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa say was a great nuisance for Nagano? What Buddhist temple was cancelled in Nagano? Who was the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa say was a great nuisance for Nagano? What Buddhist temple was cancelled in Nagano? How many lanterns is the Olympic Flame kept alight? When is the Torch extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather? Which Hong Kong legislator was not allowed to enter Macau? Which Chinese media reported on Jin Jing? Who initially gave Jin Jing little mention? How many attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? How many attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? What did the book drew important connections between? What is the ultimate legacy of Principia Mathematica? Who is Kurt Gödel? What did Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics? Who wrote Whitehead and Russell's book? In what year did Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics? What could not be deduced from axioms and inference rules? What is the ultimate legacy of Principia Mathematica? What did the book drew important connections between? What was the name of the essay that Aims of Education derived? What did he call "inert ideas"? What is not only useless, he opined that education with inert ideas is not only useless? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? What did he call inert ideas? How many important concepts did Whitehead advocate? What did Whitehead advocate? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What should education be laden with to provide students with a bedrock of wisdom? How many important concepts did Whitehead advocate? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? How did he never have formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education? What did Whitehead's ignorance of science forbid him to enter? In what century did Whitehead become one of the foremost metaphysicians? Who wrote a letter to Bertrand Russell? What type of training did he never have? Who was Bertrand Russell's friend? What rank does amateur rank? In what century did Whitehead become one of the foremost metaphysicians? What does Whitehead mean he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What does Whitehead believe people need to re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations to be essential to? What do scientists and philosophers make all the time? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What does Whitehead believe people need to re-imagine? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations? What is a fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another? What is an event-based orprocess ontology? What type of processes are electron collisions said to manifest some degree of? How many different kinds of real existence did Descartes have? What did Whitehead refer to his metaphysical system as? What idea did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What is the most basic elements of reality regarded as? What would the metaphysical system become more widely known as? What have materialists mistaken the abstract for? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What does the "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What is a continuum of overlapping events? What does Whitehead call these occasions of experience asociety of? What do "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What does the "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What does Whitehead call a society of events? What is described as a continuum of overlapping events? What do discrete "occasions of experience" make up in Whitehead's cosmology? What is a "core identity"? What are changes that are qualitative and secondary to their core identity? What is a "core identity" that is unchanging? In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only existent things? In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only "occasions of experience" that overlap? What is often a useful way of speaking? What do people define? What is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What is a convenient generalized description of a continuum of concrete processes? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead say is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is a different thing from a moment ago? What is an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space? What does Whitehead believe relations take a primary role? What does each object see as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What does materialism obscure? What obscures the importance of relations? What does every object see as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What is a matter that is only externally related to other things? How does Whitehead describe any entity? What does a real thing force the rest of the universe to conform to? What could not be said to be true if a thing made no difference to any other entity? What is not secondary to what a thing? What does Whitehead describe any entity as in some sense? What could not be said to really exist? What are relations not secondary to? How does Whitehead describe a entity? What does a real thing force the rest of the universe to conform to? In what countries does Whitehead's interest extend to intellectuals? Who was the future Archbishop of Canterbury? When were Temple's Gifford Lectures? What are the practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education? What fields did Whitehead come from? Where were early followers of Whitehead found? Who initiated an interest in Whitehead's work? Who taught Whitehead scholars? Who made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School? Where is Whitehead thought to be growing the most quickly? What has China begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's philosophy? What traditions has China begun to combine with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? Who are the process philosophers that are becoming required to read for Chinese graduate students? What is Cobb's emphasis on? What is Whitehead's assertion that matter is an abstraction? What is one reason Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What is the perception of Whitehead's metaphysics as? Who has not been recognized as particularly influential in the most dominant philosophical schools? What is one philosophical school that has a close relationship with process philosophy? Who did Whitehead think of? Who is one example of a philosopher who advocates process philosophy and pragmatism? Who was one of the founders of pragmatism? Who was a student of Hartshorne? What has been severely criticized? Who are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead? What has Whitehead's view been rendered obsolete? What kind of flatness of space does Whitehead assume? What must Whitehead's cosmology be regarded as? What award did Whitehead receive for Ideas Improving World Order? What was the name of the first single-authored book in environmental ethics? What was the name of the book that Cobb co-authored with Herman Daly? What was the title of Cobb's second book? What did Cobb's second book aim to challenge? Who developed the FEELS model? How many things does "FEELS" stand for in curriculum and education? What is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole"? What is the name of the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China? Who is one of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What is Mark Dibben's term for "applied process thought"? In what fields does Dibben publish papers on applied process thought? What has Whitehead had some influence on? How many books has Dibben published? In what decade did Whitehead turn his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What did Whitehead believe reality consists of? What are bits of matter that exist independently of one another? What are Whitehead's philosophical works regarded as the foundational texts of? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What was the name of the metaphysical system that radically departed from most of western philosophy? What did Whitehead believe reality consists of? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who was Alfred Whitehead's grandfather? What was Alfred Whitehead's father's name? Who was Whitehead's mother? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who was the minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's wife? What system did Whitehead accept in 1918? Who was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in 1918? Who was the chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council? When did he leave America? What kind of degree did the Bachelor of Science offer? What year did Whitehead's academic responsibilities begin to expand? Who was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in 1918? What system did Whitehead accept in 1918? When did he leave America? Who is the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? What did Whitehead's family do to his papers after his death? What was Whitehead known for? What was Lowe's right mind? What is the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? Who is the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? What did Whitehead's family do to his papers after his death? What was Whitehead known for? In what year was Principia Mathematica published? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? What were the former two books aimed at? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? What is Principia Mathematica regarded as one of the most important works in? How many books did Whitehead write? How many books did Whitehead write? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? When was a Treatise on Universal Algebra published? What was the need to expand algebraic structures beyond? What is the main idea of the work? What did Mathews say it possesses? What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions need to expand beyond the associatively multiplicative class? What did Mathews say it possesses? What is the main idea of the work? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take? How many pages did the three-volume work have? How many of the work was paid by Cambridge University Press? Why is there no major academic library in the world that does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take? How many pages of work were there? How many pages did the three-volume work have? Who paid the loss of 300 pounds for the three-volume work? What is his philosophical work considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? When did Gifford lectures begin? What did Whitehead publish in 1927-28? Who struggled to follow Whitehead's writings? What did Whitehead publish in 1927-28? In what year did Whitehead publish Process and Reality? What is the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? What did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books not negatively affect his interest? How did Whitehead perceive the importance of Whitehead's work? Who invited Henry Nelson Wieman to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? How long was Wieman taught at Chicago's Divinity School? What did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books not negatively affect his interest? What school did Chicago's Divinity School perceive the importance of Whitehead? Who did the Whitehead experts invite to Chicago in 1927? Who invited Henry Nelson Wieman to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? How many years did Wieman teach at Chicago's Divinity School? What is the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? What does Process and Reality demand that its readers accept in order to separate them from every consensus? How did Whitehead anticipate scientific and philosophical problems in the 21st century? What has been called the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? Who says Process and Reality demands that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead think about the universe? What did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What did Whitehead provide? What is the absolute principle of existence for Whitehead? What is the absolute principle of existence? What do most entities not have? What means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable? What is the absolute principle of existence for Whitehead? What is a valuation of an entity? How is creativity determined? What is the Latin word for "prehension"? What does Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception mean? What term did he coined? What is the Latin term for prehension? What does prehension mean? What is the term used to indicate? How many modes does Whitehead view perception as occurring? What is the term used to describe a perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What are entities constituted by their perceptions and relations? What is the term for presentational immediacy? What is the sense of causal relations between entities? What is pure appearance? What does Whitehead describe as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead describe causal efficacy as? What is the term for "pure sense perception"? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does Whitehead mean in higher organisms? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does "symbolic reference" link appearance with? What do sense perceptions indicate a higher grade mentality? What does symbolic reference link appearance with? What does an ordinary person infer to be a chair? What does Whitehead believe could have stopped at? What did Whitehead say a dog would have acted immediately on? What is comparatively deficient in survival value? What is the mark of higher forms of life? What is the goal of higher forms of life? What is the purpose of Whitehead's life? What does Whitehead say life is comparatively deficient in? What is the mark of higher forms of life? How manyfold is the goal of living, living well, and living better? What is the purpose of Whitehead's life? What does he see the rise of life as? What did Whitehead say humans did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them? What did Whitehead call the Galilean vision of humility? Who gave unto God the attributes that belonged exclusively to Caesar? What is Whitehead's most important attribute? What is God not necessarily tied to? What did Whitehead call the primordial nature of God? What was the second nature of God? What does Whitehead's conception of God call for? What did Whitehead's system require? What is God's reception of? How long does God save and cherish all experiences? What is the judgment of a tenderness that loses nothing that can be saved? How do the experiences of God change the way God interacts with the world? What does God give to finite creatures? What does he see God as? What is God merely unrealized? What does Whitehead see God and the world as fulfilling? What does God do to the world? What does God do to the rest of the universe? What was the core of religion for Whitehead? What does Whitehead say about religion? What did Whitehead see religion as? What is a good influence of a religion? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in? What is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals? What is the universe a community that makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others? What does the spirit at once surrender to? What aspects of religion are mutually dependent? What is Whitehead's influence? Who did Bruno Latour call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of 20th century? How many liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs does Claremont have? Who did Whitehead teach and supervise? Who was the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples? What is Whitehead's work most influential in? Who is credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology? What is Charles Hartshorne credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into? Who are some notable process theologians? What is God's relational nature? What is the being that is supremely affected by temporal events? What does Hartshorne believe people would not praise a human ruler? Who can most appropriately respond to the world? What is a process naturalism? What has John B. Cobb written? What theory does Whitehead integrate with? Who was Charles Birch a geneticist? Which futurologists credit Whitehead for the process theology they see rising out of the participatory culture expected to dominate the digital era? Why are process theologians so diverse and transdisciplinary? What did Whitehead call religion more technically? What does religion contextualize deeply felt emotions? What did religion serve as a bridge between? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to ordinary people? Who is Mary Parker Follett a pioneer in? What do Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology thatunderstands becoming as a relational process? What is Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration? What do asset managers continue to invest in? What caused bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? Who are generally compensated based on the volume of client assets under management? What is an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? What was supported by a plausible deniability of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets? What is IndyMac a spin-off of? When was the failure of IndyMac Bank? What is a spin-off of Countrywide Financial? What was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market? What was IndyMac Bancorp's parent corporation? When did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What percentage of the bank's capital ratio would have been total risk-based? How much did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade in 2008? Who downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What is the minimum risk-based capital ratio of IndyMac? What percentage of IndyMac's total deposits were brokered deposits? What was the name of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? How much did Senator Schumer have in brokered deposits? When did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits? How much did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30? How much of IndyMac's deposits did account holders withdraw in June 2008? How much of IndyMac's deposits did IndyMac deposit? How much did IndyMac hold? Who wrote a letter to the FDIC and OTS? What was the underlying cause of the failure of IndyMac? What is the name of the bridge bank? How much does the FDIC guarantee the funds of all insured accounts? How many depositors have funds in excess of the insured amount? When did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? When did the FDIC announce plans to open the IndyMac Federal Bank? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008? What was the name of the investment bank that would collapse in March 2008? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? When did Lehman Brothers file the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history? Who was a member of Merrill Lynch? What was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market? What does a bank run on the money market funds often invest in? When did the crisis hit its most critical stage? How much did withdrawal from money markets cost in one week? How much did the TED spread reach on October 10, 2008? How did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis? How did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis? In exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, what did investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system not provide funds to? Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary? How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? What is the name of the institution that does not have the capital to close the gap? What are some forms of securitization likely to vanish forever? What does the Brookings Institution believe the traditional banking system does not have? How much of their collective net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? What percentage of the S&P 500 was down by November 2008? How much did housing prices drop from their 2006 peak? What was the total value of home equity in the United States in 2006? What was the total home equity in the United States valued at? What is a serious default risk? How much did the economy lose in housing wealth? How many homeowners had substantial equity in their homes two years ago? What does creditworthiness depend on? In what year did profit prospects look worse? What has prompted fears of a global economic collapse? Who stated that 2008 would see a clear global recession? How many quarters would the US's last? How many of Iceland's major banks were involved in the economic crisis? What did governments make to fix the crisis? How much of the growth in global consumption did the U.S. consume between 2000 and 2007? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for the first quarter of 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for the first quarter of 2009? Who was the source of global demand? What is the result of a recession in the U.S.? What was the growth forecast in Cambodia in 2009? How much did the Overseas Development Institute record in 2007? How many households live below the poverty line in Bangladesh? What does Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommend to provide? What can be attributed to reductions in growth in the Overseas Development Institute? What country was less severely affected by the credit crunch? What type of investment did Arab countries avoid going to the market in 2008? What is the global downturn? What remains the single most important determinant of economic performance? What remains the single most important determinant of economic performance? What was the unemployment rate in the U.S. by October 2009? How much did the average hours per work week decline to? What is the annual rate of output of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States? What was the highest unemployment rate in the U.S. since 1983? What is the number of patent applications flat-lined? What do Critics argue Basel III doesn’t address the problem of? Who created AAA-rated assets? What regulations did European regulators introduce for banks? Who argues that regulations have led to excessive lending to risky governments? What is the limit on leverage? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to? What was the name of the magazine that declared the Banking Crisis? When did Barack Obama declare that the markets are now stabilized? What was the name of the "emerging" and "developing" economies? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What led to global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What is Krugman's name? When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report on the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis? When did the first signs of decline in residential real estate occur? What did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report about the deterioration of CMBS? What happened after the crisis in residential real estate? What products were assigned safe ratings by credit rating agencies? How much money did a "Giant Pool of Money" seek? What was the size of the pool of money from 2000 to 2007? What type of security did investment banks on Wall Street have? What did NPR correspondents argue that a "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds? What did collateralized debt obligation enable financial institutions to obtain to finance subprime and other lending? What did the collateralized debt obligation enable financial institutions to obtain to finance subprime and other lending? What type of ratings did the securities first in line receive? What is the name of the pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority? What type of rating did securities with lower priority have? What was the average price of housing in the U.S. by September 2008? What was the average U.S. housing price in 2008? How many properties did lenders begin foreclosure proceedings in 2007? What was the increase in 2008? By September 2009, what was the rate of increase? What was the federal funds rate target from 2000 to 2003? What was done to combat the risk of deflation? What bubble did the Fed need to replace? What contributed greatly to the severity of the crisis? What did lower interest rates encourage? How much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? What percentage of GDP did Bernanke's current account deficit increase from 1996 to 2004? What were the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations? What does the balance of payments identity require that a country running a current account deficit have? What kind of funds did the US use to finance its imports? When did the Fed raise the Fed funds rate? What is ARM? How did asset prices move to interest rates? What did the Fed raise between July 2004 and July 2006? What did the U.S. housing and financial assets decline in value after the housing bubble burst? How many professional underwriters did Bowen III have? How many professional underwriters did Bowen III have? How many mortgages were purchased by Citi in 2006? How many mortgage companies were "defective" by 2006? What percentage of production did defective mortgages increase in 2007? What is the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization company in the United States and Europe? What percentage of the loans met their originators' underwriting standards? How many investment and commercial banks were involved in the analysis? How much of the sampled loans did not meet the minimum standards of any issuer? How many mortgages did Clayton Holdings review from January 2006 to June 2007? What is the practice of unscrupulous lenders? Who used the bait-and-switch method? What is an adjustable rate mortgage? What did the credit consumer not notice until long after the loan transaction had been consummated? What method was used by Countrywide Financial? Who was sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown? What type of mortgages did ARMs allow homeowners to make interest-only payments? What did homeowners in ARMs have to pay their monthly payments? Who decided to seize the lender? What type of credit did ARMs allow homeowners to make interest-only payments? Who has argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? Who has argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What did OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on Basel accords encourage? What did the regulatory framework not keep pace with? What did OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encourage? What did financial institutions become before the crisis? What type of instruments were difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor and try to reduce risk levels? What did these instruments make it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What did these instruments make it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions? How was much of the leverage achieved? How many U.S. investment banks increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007? What is a financial shock? What did the change in capital requirements do to U.S. banks in order to keep competitive with their European counterparts? How much debt did these five institutions have in debt for fiscal year 2007? Who went bankrupt and was liquidated? What can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior? What is the paradox of thrift? What can cause or deepen a recession? Who described a "paradox of deleveraging"? What did Minsky describe a "paradox of deleveraging"? Who did Janet Yellen discuss these paradoxes? What did Janet Yellen say we were in when the credit crunch hit? What is a recession? What is the purpose of cancelling planned investments? What has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve specific client objectives? What is the term for the adjustable-rate mortgage? What is a form of credit insurance called? What is MBS? How did the usage of these products expand? When did CDO issuance reach its peak? How much did CDO issuance increase in Q1 2004? How much did CDO issuance increase by Q1 2007? What percentage of CDO's assets were subprime and other non-prime? How much did CDO issuance decline by Q1 2008? What type of financial products went hand in hand with more complexity? What was the multiplied number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What type of information did the actorsrely on? What are the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks? In what year did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? How can the pricing of risk be measured? What does the pricing of risk refer to? What caused the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format? What is a straightforward, readily understandable format? What made the financial crisis more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels were disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format? Why did market participants not measure the risk inherent with financial innovation? Why did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation? What was the average recovery rate for high quality CDOs? What was the recovery rate for mezzanine CDO? What was the average recovery rate for high quality CDOs? What insured obligations of various financial institutions through the use of credit default swaps? What type of swaps does AIG use? When was AIG taken over by the government? How much money did the U.S. taxpayers provide to AIG in 2008 and 2009? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party B? Who commented that "the super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves? What became more complex as financial assets became more and harder to value? Who provided information to the rating agencies? What did George Soros say the banks started relying on? What did the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators come to rely on? Who published the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? In what year did Merrill Lynch hold a conference? Who held a conference in London in 2006? What were some of the limitations of Copulas? In what year did Merrill Lynch hold a conference? Who was the President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank? When did Timothy Geithner become Secretary of the US Treasury? What did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on? What was Timothy Geithner's name? Why were the entities vulnerable? When did the securitization markets begin to close down? When did the securitization markets close down? How much of the private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? What is the name of the institution that does not have the capital to close the gap? How long would it take to generate sufficient capital to support the additional lending volume? Who testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010? What markets remain impaired as investors anticipate more loan losses? How much did private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and CDOs peaked in 2006? How much was private issuance in 2009? What program was supported by the Federal Reserve to aid credit card, auto and small-business lenders? What happened in a number of commodity prices after the collapse in the housing bubble? What was the price of oil from early 2007 to 2008? When did the financial crisis begin to take hold? What did some experts attribute the causes of the speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities to? What does an increase in oil prices tend to divert a larger share of consumer spending into? Who was the former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets? What company was founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP? Who founded the IntercontinentalExchange? What was the name of the IntercontinentalExchange? Where was the IntercontinentalExchange traded off the regulated futures exchanges? Who argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? What did Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed? What do feminist economics and ecological economics take as their starting point? What does the financial crisis and the response to it reveal? Who was the current Governor of the Reserve Bank of India? When did Rajan become chief economist at the International Monetary Fund? Who was the chairman of the US Federal Reserve in 2005? What did Rajan argue that disaster might loom? What are these risks known as? Who spoke of the Great Moderation? What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? How many economists did Dirk Bezemer have in his research credits? What did the Austrian economic school consider the crisis as a vindication? Who confessed himself forced to return to the crisis? What magazine claims that economists failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the 1930s? When did the Great Depression occur? What is the name of the online business journal that examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? Who warned of a crisis as early as September 2006? What did The New York Times call Roubini? Who wrote The Black Swan? Who is the New York Times' David Brooks? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn against? What did he make a big financial bet on? Who believes distinctions exist between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? What is the Dow Jones average's fall of over a period of 17 months? What was the Dow Jones average's fall in 17 months? Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times? What was one of the first victims? Who did the bank request security from? In what year did a bank run? When did the British government fail to find a private sector buyer? What was one of the first victims? What did IndyMac often make loans without verification of? Who obtained Appraisals on collateral? What did IndyMac often make loans without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What did IndyMac use to offer loan products to the borrower? IndyMac resisted efforts to tighten what? What percentage of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? What percentage of all Americans declined during the period between 2007 and 2009? How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? Who predicted a weak growth of GDP in 2009? What percentage of GDP did the European Commission predict for 2009? What was the negative number for the UK in 2009? Who launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3% for 2009? What was the average rate for 2009? What do the US Federal Reserve and central banks take to expand money supplies? What have governments enacted to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis? What role did the central bank play during the crisis? What did the U.S. Federal Reserve's new liquidity facilities enable the central bank to fulfill during the crisis? What causes a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption? What caused the global financial system to the brink of collapse? How much government debt did the central banks purchase in 2008? How much did the governments of European nations and the USA purchase? Who was the Nobel laureate in 2010? What did banks invest internationally in? In what year did Obama introduce a series of regulatory proposals? What do the proposals address? Who proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? When did the Senate pass a reform bill? When did the House pass a reform bill? What rule is not part of the legislation? When did the Senate pass a reform bill? What was prevented by the bailout of banks? What is the estimated amount of consumer wealth in the U.S.? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? What year was the global recession? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? When did the U.S. housing bubble peaked? When did securities suffer large losses? What was the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate? What type of mortgages were overvaluated based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate? What is a lack of capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making? What report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products"? When was the Glass-Steagall Act repealed? The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by what? What did the Levin-Coburn Report conclude the crisis was the result of? What did governments not adjust to address the 21st century financial markets? What is the name of the financial agreement that was part of the housing and credit booms? What are collateralized debt obligations called? What were major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS? How did institutions and investors around the world invest in the housing market? What was the value of the collateralized debt obligations as part of the housing and credit booms? How many trillions of U.S. dollars are there in the U.S.? What is a financial incentive for homes worth less than the mortgage loan? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What type of loans did the crisis expand from? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What is the shadow banking system also known as? What is the shadow banking system also known as? What is a process called that caused the financial system to expand and become more fragile? What has the U.S. government policy emphasized to encourage business? What has the U.S. government emphasized from the 1970s to the 1970s? What did some institutions have to do to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses? What did the losses of financial institutions cause? What did central banks provide to encourage lending and restore faith in? Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs? What did some institutions not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? What did the Federal Reserve fail to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? What Federal Reserve failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? Who was ill prepared for the crisis? How many financial firms did the Federal Reserve fail to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? What type of competition did mortgage lenders have when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited? When did the GSEs maintain high underwriting standards? When were the worst loans originated? When were the worst loans originated? What are GSEs? How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? Who has even claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What did GSE loans perform better than loans securitized by private investment banks? How many Republican appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? Who did Peter J. Wallison believe the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? Who initiated affordable housing policies in the 1990s? How many ex-executives did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? What was the name of the OFHEO report? Who called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? When did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues? What did the hearings never result in? What committee held a hearing on September 10, 2003? How much mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act-covered lenders? How much of all U.S. mortgage lending during the period? What is the name of the Community Reinvestment Act? How much of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? How much of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? When did CRA rule changes occur? How much did CRA loan commitments total in the years between 1994 and 2007? What is the average percentage of high-interest-rate loans? When did the CRA rule changes occur? When was the terrorist attack? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? In what magazine did Michael Lewis speak with a trader? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What type of loans did Wallison have? What type of loans did Wallison have? What type of loans did the residential housing bubble support? When did Wallison say that other developed countries had large bubbles? Who did Peter J. Wallison say is not true that every bubble has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates? How many miles east of Puerto Rico is St. Barthélemy? What channel separates St. Barthélemy from Saint Martin? What are the Roques? What is one of the Renaissance Islands? What satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy? What is the name of Saint-Barthélemy? What are residents of Saint-Barthélemy? How many people speak the St. Barthélemy French patois? What are residents of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the language preference between the Créole and Patois? Who did the French Parliament pass a bill granting COM status to? How many members are on the island? When was the last election held? When did the new status take effect? How many members are on the island? When was the last election held? When did St. Barthélemy become an overseas territory of the European Union? Who represents the island in the French Senate? When was the first election held? How many policemen are on the island? What is difficult on the island due to the dry and rocky terrain? What type of potato is grown in patches? What did the early settlers produce? What did the early settlers produce? What port did the islanders develop commerce through? What is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of? How many visitors does tourism attract every year? What is the price of a beachfront villa? What is the name of the wealth generated by wealthy tourists? How is most of the food imported? How many hotels does St. Barthélemy have? How many rooms are there? What country has a labour force? How many rooms does Le Toiny have? How many villas are available to rent on the island? What type of plants do the hills support? What part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall? How many indigenous species of plants did a 1994 survey reveal? What are a common sight with mangroves and shrubs surviving in saline coastal swamps? Where was coconut palm brought to the island? What is another name for aloe vera? What is the name of the night blooming on the island? Where was the yellow bell originally from? In what year was the British army invaded? What type of pear was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773? When are the dolphins, porpoises and whales seen? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is their favourite diet? Where do the green turtles live? What type of shells does the aquafauna have? Along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes, what species of fish live on the reef? What species of fish are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters? Where do ghost crabs live? What do ghost crabs eat? How many ha does the Reserve Naturelle cover? What is the reserve designed to protect? What is prohibited in the Reserve? What is the name of the marine nature reserve in Saint-Barthélemy? Where are mooring buoys in place? Who built the three forts? What was the name of the Fort Oscar? When was the fort built? What has been replaced by a modern military building that houses the local gendarmerie? Where is Fort Oscar located? How many restaurants are on the island? Where are some of the finest restaurants located? What is the French name of the snack restaurant that includes sandwiches, pizzas and salads? What type of dishes are Creole? What is the name of the island that hosts gastronomic events throughout the year? When is the Transat AG2R Race held? Where does the Transat AG2R Race originate? How long is a boat race? How long is a boat race? How many sailors navigate each boat? Where is Gustaf III Airport located? What is the name of the airport in St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the airport that provides connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy? What island is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a commercial jet airliner? What is the name of the airport in St. Barthélemy? What is the overseas collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the official territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? In what language is the island Ouanalao called? What is the name of the island that the indigenous people of Saint-Barth called? Where is Puerto Rico located? What is Saint Barthélemy? How many people live on Saint Barthélemy? What is Gustavia's capital? How long was Guadeloupe under Swedish rule? When is the island a popular tourist destination? What is the name of the overseas region and department of France? In what year did Guadeloupe residents seek separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe? In what year did Guadeloupe's referendum end? What is the name of the town hall? Who represents the island in Paris? What Bay has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance? What Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels? What is a visible coral reef? What type of waters are reefs mostly in? What are some of the offshore reefs part of? How many public beaches are there on St Barthélémy? How many public beaches are considered suitable for swimming? What is the leeward side of the island? What is the leeward side? What is popular for windsurfing? What is the climate essentially arid? How many square kilometers does the island cover? What is the average rainfall annually? When is Summer from May to November? What is the lowest night temperature recorded? When did the British invade the harbour town? In what year did the Swedes add more buildings to the town? What was the port known as before their occupation? What did the Swedes rename it as? What war was on in the 18th century? What is the name of the historical museum that is located on the far end of La Pointe? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? Where is the "Wall House" located? What is the history of the island? What type of houses are on display? What is the genetic material of an organism? What is RNA in RNA viruses? What does RNA consist of? Who was the professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany? In what year was the term botany created? Where was Winkler a professor of botany? What is another name for biome? How many chromosomes does the gamete have in a sexually reproducing organism? How is the segregation of homologous chromosomes accomplished? What are some organelles that contain genes? What is the study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms usually referred to as? The study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms is usually referred to as what? What do people say the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been? What is a rough correlation between base pairs and the number of genes known as? What is trichomoniasis? What is the highest known number of genes? How many times does the human genome have a genome? Who was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What is the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? Who completed the first DNA-genome sequence? When was the Institute for Genomic Research founded? When was the first genome sequence for an archaeon completed? Who maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information? What is one of the completed genome sequencing projects? What is another name for the puffer fish? When did scientists first sequence the entire genome of a Neanderthal? How old was the Neanderthal? What type of sequencing technologies have opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who pioneered personal genome sequencing? Who was one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA? What was James D. Watson one of the co-discoverers of? How does a genome map identify landmarks? What project was organized to map and sequence the human genome? Who released a detailed genomic map? Who released a detailed genomic map? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? How can scientists understand the evolutionary history of a given genome? What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What do eukaryotes have the feature of? In what species is the major part of the genome composed of repetitive DNA? What is another example of sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe? What are most biological entities that are more complex than a virus? Where is information stored on the genome of a pathogenic microbe carried? What type of eukaryotes have a typical connotation on chromosomal DNA? What is the name of the DNA found in the chloroplast? What are mitochondrial genomes often referred to as? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? What is correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes? What does repetitive DNA act on the genomes? What is being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms? What is the work in vivo and silico? What are generally non-repetitive DNA? How is the proportion of non-repetitive DNA calculated? How is the proportion of non-repetitive DNA calculated? What type of DNA does C. elegans have? What type of eukaryotes have more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA? What is the proportion of non-repetitive DNA in some plants and amphibians? What are the two categories of repetitive DNA in genome? How is the proportion of repetitive DNA calculated? What type of repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication? What are forms of tandem repeats in the genome? What type of repeats count for a significant proportion in mammalian? What are transposable elements able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell? What is an important driving force on genome evolution? What is the name of the classification of TEs? What is the name of the two categories that can be classified into TEs? What can retrotransposons be transcribed into? How do DNA transposons move in the genome? What does Class 2 TEs not use as intermediate? What is chromosome number? What does GC-content mean? What play a major role in shaping the genome? What type of novelty does genetic novelty have? What is invoked to explain how there is extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related? What type of microbes have Horizontal gene transfer? What genomes did eukaryotic cells transfer to their nuclear chromosomes? What is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What type of school system is restricted on the basis of selection criteria? Where were comprehensive schools introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s? What percentage of British secondary school pupils attend comprehensive schools? What is the name of the public high school in the United States and Canada? What are examples of practical subjects in a wider ranging curriculum? Which colleges provide post-16 provision? What are some of the government initiatives that have made the comprehensive ideal less certain? How many selective grammar schools are still in operation? When were comprehensive schools introduced to England and Wales? What were comprehensive schools conceived as? What kind of education reforms will have some impact on the comprehensive ideal? When did Finland use comprehensive schools? How old is the peruskoulu age? What is the name of the comprehensive school in Germany? What type of classes are offered for average students? What does the Hauptschulabschluss stand for? How much of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What is the name of the cityteilschule in Hamburg? What is the name of the new comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? When were Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What type of classes do college preparatory classes have? The Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife are not what? What school does not exist in some States of Germany? What is the average grade of Gymnasium senior students? Who is the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? Who stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government? Who was the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? What is Sigrid Beer's name? What type of students might Gesamtschulen put at risk according to several studies? What is a gap between working class students attending a comprehensive and middle class peers? What is the name of the school that performs the poorest? Who was a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools? Who did he compare alumni of? When was Gibraltar's first comprehensive school opened? In what form can students continue to complete their A-levels? What do students do to complete their A-levels? In what year were comprehensive schools introduced into Ireland? Who was the Minister for Education? What was the only system of schools completely controlled by the state? What concept was superseded by the community school? In what decade was the secular community model replaced by comprehensive schools? Who owns the school property? What was removed from the community school model in the 1970s? Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of what? In what year was Walworth School one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by London County Council? How many 'experimental' comprehensive schools did the London County Council set up in 1946? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Anglesey? When was Holyhead County School founded? Where was the Woodlands Boys School located? Who was Secretary of State for Education in the 1964-1970 Labour government? Who was Secretary of State for Education in 1965? What type of schools were never widely implemented? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What type of schools were established under Mrs Thatcher? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? In what year did the majority of local authorities abandon the 11-plus examination? What were many secondary modern schools and grammar schools amalgamated to form? What was the name of Sandwell's state secondary schools? What were Sandwell and Dudley in? Who launched the 'great debate' on the education system in 1976? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? Who launched the 'great debate' on the education system in 1976? When was the Education Reform Act passed? In what year was the Education Reform Act passed? What is the government policy currently promoting? What are the league tables of school performance? What is Scotland's educational system based on? What did the Scottish Government reject as of 2005? When did the Scottish Government reject plans for specialist schools? What country uses education in Northern Ireland? In what country is education similar to Scotland? What is the name of the Republic of the Congo? Where is the Central African Republic located? What country is bordered by five countries? What country is bordered by five countries? Where is the Republic of the Congo located? Who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin? When did the former colony of French Congo become the Republic of the Congo? Who is the President of the Congo Civil War? Who is the President of the Congo Civil War? What was the fourth largest oil producer in Guinea-Bissau? What was the result of the poor state of infrastructure and public services? What were the earliest inhabitants of the region? When did the Pygmy people arrive? Who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? What is the Portuguese language? Who traded commodities, manufactured goods, and people from the hinterlands? When did the colonization of the Congo river delta begin? What did the colonization of the Congo river delta erode in the late 19th century? When did the area north of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? Who was responsible for the French sovereignty of the area north of the Congo River in 1880? What was the first name of the Congo Colony? What was the name of the modern Central African Republic? How many lives did the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad cost? When did Brazzaville function as the symbolic capital of Free France? When did the Brazzaville Conference take place? In what year was the Fourth Republic established? What was the name of the constitution that established the Fourth Republic? When was the Fifth Republic established? What did the AEF dissolve into? When was the Republic of the Congo published? When did Middle Congo publish its first constitution? When did the Republic of the Congo receive full independence from France? Who ruled as the country's first president? Who was the head of the civilian provisional government? Who was Fulbert Youlou's first president? Who took over the Congolese military? In what year was Massamba-Débat elected President? What did Massamba-Débat's regime adopt during his term in office? How many Cuban army troops did Massamba-Débat invite into Cuba? When did Massamba-Débat end his regime? Who assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968? What was Congo Africa's first "people's republic"? What party did the National Revolutionary Movement change its name to? When was Ngouabi assassinated? When was Ngouabi assassinated? Who did Nguesso align the country with? Who did Nguesso sign a friendship pact with? How did Sassou maintain his dictatorship? What did Sassou rely more on to maintain his dictatorship? Who was Congo's first elected president? What did Lissouba attempt to implement? What war broke out in Congo in mid-1997? What is the ESAF? Who did Lissouba and Sassou fight for? What was the name of Sassou's private militia? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo? Who advised his supporters to boycott the elections? How long did the president's term last? When was a new constitution agreed upon? When was a peace treaty signed to end the conflict? In what year did Sassou win the presidential election? What is the name of the non-governmental organization that marked the election? What was the result of the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights? What political system has Congo-Brazzaville had since the early 1990s? What party is Sassou Nguesso backed by? What is the name of the Congolese Labour Party? What has Sassou's regime been hit by? Where did Sassou denounce embezzlement investigations? When did Nguesso announce that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution? What year did Nguesso announce his government would hold a referendum to change the country's constitution? Who owned the main media in 2008? How many private television channels are there? How many small private television channels are there? Which Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus? What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say the Pygmies are treated as? When did the Congolese parliament adopt a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples? Where is the Equator located? What are the longitudes of Congo? What is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean? Which country is bounded by Gabon to the west? What is Cabinda? What is the capital of the Congo? Where is Brazzaville located? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? Where is Kinshasa located? What is the name of the coastal plain in the southwest of the country? What is the primary drainage for the southwest of the country? What is the interior of the country? What are forests under increasing exploitation pressure? Where is the country located? What is the average day temperature? What is the average day temperature in the Equator? What is the dry season from June to August? Who studied gorillas in heavily forested regions? Where are gorillas located? What has preserved the isolation of Western Lowland Gorillas from humans? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What is the government characterized by? What is the mainstay of the economy? How much of the GDP did the oil sector make in 2008? What percentage of exports did oil sector export in 2008? What did the oil revenues enable the government to finance in the 1980s? How much GDP growth did the government have annually? What percentage of Franc Zone currencies were devaluated in 1994? What was the inflation of Franc Zone currencies in 1994? In what year did civil war erup? What caused the resumption of armed conflict? When was the resumption of armed conflict? What does the current administration face? What is one of the recent major exports of Congolese diamonds? When was Congo re-admitted to the Kimberley Process? What type of deposits does the Republic of the Congo have? What is the name of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa? How many hectares of land did the Congolese government lease to South African farmers? What type of transportation does the Republic of the Congo include? When was the rail system built? How many airports have flights to Paris? Where does the country have a large port? What part of the Congo is a sparse population? How long is the railway that connects the two cities? How many spoken languages are in Congo? What is the largest ethnic group in Kongo? What percentage of the population is Boulangui? What percentage of the population is Boulangui? How many Europeans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? How many Europeans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? How many American expatriates reside in Congo? What percentage of Catholics are in Congo? What is the percentage of Awakening Lutherans? What percentage of Protestants are in Congo? What percentage of followers of Islam make up? What is the main reason for the influx of foreign workers into urban centers? What percentage of GDP was public expenditure health in 2004? What was the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in 2012? How much did the US spend per capita in 2004? How much of the GDP was public expenditure health? What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010? What type of mutilation is rare in the country? What was the infant mortality rate in 2010? How many years olds are required to attend public education? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? What is a baccalaureate for students who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school? In what language is instruction at all levels? Who is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government? Who is the most senior minister of cabinet? Who is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service? What system is the prime minister fashioned after? What position does the head of state hold? Who is expected to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature? What are executive powers called in some monarchies? Who is expected to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature? Who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? Who was Minister of Defence during the Second World War? In what year was Richelieu named to head the royal council? Who used the first actual usage of the term Premier Ministre? Who was Richelieu named prime minister in 1625? Who did Louis XIV and his descendants try to avoid giving the title to their chief ministers? In what century did the United Kingdom use the title of Sir Robert Walpole? Who used the term prime minister in reference to? Who was Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII? What was Clarendon under Charles II? Who was the Queen of Clarendon? Who did the power of ministers depend on? Who did the power of ministers depend on? Who shared power in Anne's reign? Who was executed when Clarendon was driven into exile? When was the Glorious Revolution? In what year was the Bill of Rights passed? Who became a part of the government? Who joined the throne in 1714? When did Anne die? Where did George spend much of his time? How long did Walpole hold office? Who was the Whig politician from 1721? What doctrine was developed under Walpole? What should all ministers do when the cabinet had agreed on a policy? Who was the later prime minister? What century did parliamentarians and legal scholars continue to deny that Walpole's position was known to the Constitution? Who made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch? Who was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli? When did the title of the British Order of precedence appear in the formal British Order of precedence? What type of monarchy did the majority of the world's countries have? What is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? When did Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah serve? What is Bahrain's name? What is the name of the parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official? What is the name of the parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official? What is the head of government of the People's Republic of China referred to as? What is the name of the premier of the Republic of China? Who approves the prime minister? What is a state of affairs usually referred to as when it arises? Who may force the resignation of the government? What is the name of Bangladesh's constitution? What is the process of the Prime Minister's appointment and dismissal? What is the national People's Congress in China? What does Premier read in Chinese? What act added a reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" in 1982? In what year did the Constitution Act pass reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada"? What does the Constitution Act refer to? What is the Czech Republic's constitution? When did it first appear in official state documents? Who was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? When was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? Who was appointed prime minister in 1979? When was Margaret Thatcher appointed prime minister? When did she remain in power? What did she use to reshuffle after a general election? Who is formally'renominated' after every general election? Which party commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament? When is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated'? How are governments required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament? What does a small minority of parliaments give a right to block supply to? What does a constitutional system require? Who may refuse a parliamentary dissolution? What does a head of state require to refuse a parliamentary dissolution? Who may refuse a parliamentary dissolution? When did the prime minister request a dissolution of parliament? What year did the Irish constitution grant the Taoiseach the right to make the request? In what year did the Irish Free State Constitution grant power to the Taoiseach? Where do old constitutions often vest power? Who is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his party? What is the name of the Irish prime minister? Who is Rosh HaMemshalah? Who is the President of the Government? Which Irish prime minister is rendered into English as prime minister? Who is the president of the council of ministers? What is the prime minister called in Scandinavian countries? What is the equivalent term for a national heads of government? What are the exceptions to the rule? What is Monaco's head of government referred to as? What is the name of the head of government in Vatican City? Who is the head of the government of Iran? In what country is the prime minister entitled to the style of Excellency like a president? Who are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled Right Honourable? What is the name of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom? Who is the Prime Minister of Canada? What type of government is in place in the UK? Who are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments styled? What is the name of the Prime Minister in India? What is Pakistan's prime minister referred to as? What does Wazir-e-Azam mean? What is the Office of the Prime Minister called? What is the Office of the Prime Minister's executive office called? What is the term institute of technology often abbreviated? When did the English term polytechnic appear? What was the name of the engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris? What does the French term come from? What are synonymous with the terms "institute of technology" and " polytechnic"? Who founded the Berg-Schola? When did the institutes of technology and polytechnics become popular? What was the Braunschweig University of Technology founded in 1745? When was the École Polytechnique founded? What are institutes of technology and polytechnics? In what year were UK Polytechnics designated as universities? What university was founded in 1838? Where was the Royal Polytechnic Institution founded? What type of institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other? What did new universities often take the title of University of Technology? What system was the College of Advanced Education system part of? What is the term for further education? What is a recent example of the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning? In what year was the old college system in Tasmania? How many designated Universities of Technology are in Australia? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? What degrees do they grant? What is the German language area of the hogeschool? What is the process of Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium? How many former institutes of technology have become universities in the Netherlands? How many Technical Universities are there at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede? In what country are there Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes? What type of schools are there in Canada? Where are the École Polytechnique de Montréal located? What type of funding does Canadian higher education institutions receive? What is a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology? What are some of Canada's most respected colleges and polytechnic institutions involved in? When did China's higher education begin? What university offered liberal arts until three years later? How many of China's elite universities remain polytechnical? When was the law about polytechnic education passed? Who monitors seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the Galápagos Islands? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? Who manages the Quito Astronomical Observatory? In what year was the Equator founded? Where is the Nuclear Science Department located? What is the mission of the country's education, training and research? How many students have been able to attend the Institute? What is the name of the Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas? How many credits are required? How many credits did a normal university require? Where are polytechnic schools distinct from academic universities? Who switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences"? What is the Swedish alternative to Ammattikorkeakoulu? What type of curricula do universities provide as autonomous higher education engineering institutes? What is the name of the IUT? What is the name of the institut universitaire de technologie? What is the term for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of Switzerland? What is the name of the Polytechnicum? What is the French education system set at the end of the 18th century? What does Escola Politécnica stand for? When were Fachhochschulen first founded? What do the bachelor's and master's degrees focus more on? What type of courses are offered in social science, medicine, business, and design? What is the term for Technische Universität? What do institutions focus on? What is a faculty of medicine associated with university hospitals? How many Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology? How many universities of technology are there in Germany? How many students are there in Germany? What state is not operating a Technische Universität? What is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover? What was the name of the Higher Education Reform Act? What is the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? What was the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? When was the City Polytechnic founded? What is the name of the university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business? When were the two polytechnics granted university status? What type of mining did the Berg-Schola provide? When was the Berg-Schola founded? Who established the Berg-Schola in Selmecbánya? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? What is the authority over technical education in India? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses? How many public institutes of technology are in Indonesia? How many years does Politeknik offer Diploma degrees? What was Ireland's "Institute of Technology" system formerly referred to as? What system did the Dublin Institute of Technology develop separately from? What does Politecnico refer to? How many Politecnici cities were there? Where is the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia located? Who was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What does the institute of technology specialize in? How long has Polytechnics been operated in Malaysia? Who founded the Ministry of Education? Where is Politeknik Ungku Omar located? How many polytechnic courses are there in Malaysia? How many students were in Malaysia in 2009? How many students did Malaysia have in 2012? What is the name of the only technical university in Mauritius? What is the focus of the mission? What act was amended in 1989? What is the name of the UCOL? When were New Zealand polytechnics established? What is the name of the polytechnic sector that was amalgamated with Massey University? When did New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system consolidate? What did the Central Institute of Technology explore a merger with? Where is Waiarapa Polytechnic located? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? In what grade are students admitted to the diploma program? What is the main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes? How many years do the Polytechnic institutes offer in different branches? What is a lateral entry to engineering degree courses called? What is the equivalent to British system A-Level? What is a main kind of technical university name in Poland? What were bacharelatos? When was the Bologna Process? What is a centralized institute? How many polytechnics are there in Singapore? How many years of diploma courses do Polytechnics offer? Who founded the Banská Akadémia? When was the Banská Akadémia founded? Who founded the Banská Akadémia? When did teaching begin? What are university buildings used for? What is the term forpolytechnics? In what year were Technikons given the power to award certain technology degrees? In what year did former Technikons merged with traditional Universities to form Comprehensive Universities? What were Thailand's institutes of technology developed from? What did some of Thailand's institutes of technology not grant in the past? What is the name of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok? What is the name of King Mongkut's University of Technology? What was the previous name of the Rajamangala University of Technology? What is the name of the engineering school of Thammasat University? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand? When was Suranaree University of Technology established? What is the most well known private technological institute in Thailand? What was the name of Bursa Technical University? How many technical university is about to be opened in Konya? Where were 2 technical universities opened in 1950s? In what year did UK Polytechnics operate under the binary system of education? What is the name of the UK Council for National Academic Awards? What were the comparable institutions in Scotland collectively referred to as? What was the name of Britain's first Polytechnic? How many "Institutes of Science and Technology" were there? What was Loughborough University of Technology called from 1966 to 1996? In what decade did they become universities? What act granted polytechnics university status? What organization could Polytechnics confer degrees without the oversight of? What are some technical institutes designated as? In what century were "technical institute" schools formed? What was the name of the school that provided further education between high school and Polytechnic? In what year was the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? What is the name of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology? What was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class? In what decade were institutes of technology in Venezuela developed? Where was the first IUT created? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"? The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of what? Who created the Wayback Machine? Where is the Internet Archive located? Who created the Alexa Internet content? What does the archive call a three dimensional index? What is a large cluster of Linux nodes? What happens to a new version of a site? How is the Internet archived? What is the name of the animated cartoon series called? Who used a time machine called the "WABAC machine"? What is the name of the machine that is used to witness, participate in, and, more often, alter famous events in history? In what year did Brewster Kahle develop software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages? What does not include all the information available on the Internet? What is the exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached? When was Archive-It.org developed? How long had information been kept on digital tape? Who allowed researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database? When did the archive reach its fifth anniversary? Where was the archive opened to the public? How long do Snapshots usually take after they are archived? How long are Snapshots usually available? What is the frequency of snapshots? When did sites have to be listed on the Open Directory? Who was the founder of the Internet Archive? When was the Internet Archive founded? How many petabytes of data did the Wayback Machine contain? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine in 2003? What rack systems are the data stored on? Who manufactures PetaBox rack systems? In what year did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? What did the Internet Archive migrate to in 2009? What campus is the Sun Modular Datacenter located on? In what year was a new version of the Wayback Machine made available for public testing? When did the Wayback Machine forum say that the Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010? When did the index driving the Wayback Machine have a little bit of material? In what year did the Beta of the new Wayback Machine have a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? What is the name of the feature that allows a user to archive the contents of a URL? When did the company announce the "Save a Page" feature? What was the name of a 2009 case in which Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site? What did Chordiant do to Netbula to disable the robots.txt file? What did the Wayback Machine remove from Nebula's site? What did Netbula object to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site? Who filed a sworn statement supporting Internet Archive's motion? Who was the Magistrate Judge in the Northern District of California? What district of California did the Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd live in? What was the purpose of the robots.txt blockage? Who operates the Dish Network? What network does EchoStar operate? Who rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay? Who was the district Court Judge at the trial? What is the purpose of examining a patent application? What is an example of an additional requirement? What are limitations to archiving a web site? What can be exacerbated by submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports? What does the Wayback Machine do not fill out? What does the Wayback Machine not include in their archives? What could the Wayback Machine be interpreted as violating? What would the Archive have to delete from its system? Where can you find the exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine? What did the Internet Archive remove from the Wayback Machine? What did the error message say was a response to? Who did the Church of Scientology want to remove their material? Who did Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey defend a client from a trademark dispute? Who amended their complaint to include the Internet Archive? What did the plaintiff's complaint include? What did Healthcare Advocates accuse the organization of violating? What protocol does the Internet Archive respect? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is the name of the Internet Archive? How much did Suzanne Shell pay for archiving profane-justice.org? How much did Suzanne Shell pay for archiving profane-justice.org? What district court did Internet Archive file a declaratory judgment action? Who dismissed all counterclaims except breach of contract? On what date did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell announce the settlement of their lawsuit? Who announced the settlement of the lawsuit? Who announced the settlement of the lawsuit? How many DMCA requests did a pornographic actor send to the Archive? Where did a pornographic actor send DMCA requests to in 2013-14? What is the name of the Dutch Federation? When did the Dutch Republic of the Seven United Netherlands split from Spanish rule? What was the name of the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands? Which countries were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire? What county was under the Kingdom of France? What was the name of the House of Burgundy? Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction? In what year did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II? What did Philip II do to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces? In what year did the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? In what year did a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? What was the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II? When was the Act of Abjuration? Who did the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? In what year did Francis leave the Netherlands? When was William of Orange assassinated? Who declined the offer of sovereignty after the assassination of William of Orange? In what year did the provinces become a confederacy? When did a series of republican revolutions take place? Where did the republican forces flee to? What was the name of the Republic of the United Provinces? When did the Netherlandsregain independence from France? What were the names used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? What were the "Southern provinces"? When did the Dutch Republic dominate world trade? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? In what year was the Dutch East India Company founded? What is the oldest bourse in the Netherlands? How many cities did the world's first stock exchange go public? What is the name of the oldest institution based on modern trading principles? Between what years did the Dutch have one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Where did the Dutch slave trade come from? What did the Dutch break the Portuguese sphere of influence on? How many provinces were in the republic? What was the name of the federal government? How many provinces did the States General consist of? What was the county of Drenthe? What was the county of Drenthe? What is a raadspensionaris? Who would have more power than the raadspensionaris? Who would have more power than the raadspensionaris? Who were the stadtholders freely appointed by? Who was the first prince of the House of Orange-Nassau? What country had the same stadtholder as Holland? Who supported the stadtholders? Who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure? What was the name of the Peace of Westphalia? What was the name of the federally-governed Generality Lands? In what year did Staats-Oppergelre begin? Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company? Which provinces initiated shipping expeditions? Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? Who influenced the framers of the US Constitution? What is the Act of Abjuration? When was the Union of Utrecht? Who stated that every person should be free in the choice of personal religion? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic? What did a person who wished to hold public office have to conform to? What did the extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depend on? How many guilders were fined in Leiden in the 17th century? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What is the subject of the Reformed Church controversy? What is the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism? Who was the Synod of Dort? When did the persecution of religious services begin? How long did the persecution of religious services take place? What is Symbiosis? What did Albert Bernhard Frank use the word symbiosis to describe? Who defined the living together of unlike organisms? How many years of debate did current biology and ecology textbooks use the de Bary definition? What are some symbiotic relationships? What are others facultative? What type of symbionts can't live on their own? What is another term for ectosymbiosis? What is symbiosis in which organisms are not in union called? What is another term for ectosymbiosis? What do bacterial endosymbionts provide essential nutrients to? What are actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called? What type of algae are found in reef-building corals? What type of ectoparasites do the barnacles attach themselves to? What are some examples of ectoparasites? What is a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host? What is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit? What can be considered symbiotic? What does a large percentage of herbivores have? What is the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them? What do mutualisms between plants fix? What does mycorrhyzal fungi help in extracting from the ground? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What protects the clownfish from the stinging tentacles? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What is another example of a goby fish? What is the tail of the goby fish? What type of symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs? When were worms discovered? How is the worm reliant on its internal symbionts? Where were worms discovered in the late 1980s? What does the host cell lack during mutualistic symbioses? What does endosymbiont produce? How are the genetic changes passed onto the offspring? What is the biggest change in the endosymbiont? What is Muller's ratchet phenomenon? What was the main reason for the lack of selection mechanisms? What word is formed from com- and mensa? What describes a relationship between two living organisms? What is another term for housing? What does metabiosis mean? What is another term for transportation? What is a parasitic relationship in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed? What is the term for parasites? What does necrotrophic mean? How many animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected? What are two types of amensalism? How many types of amensalism are there? What does Juglans nigra secret? What is the name of the genus that feeds on the same type of shrub? What do weevils of the genus Timarcha feed on? What is an interaction where an organism inflict harm to another organism? What is a rare type of symbiosis? What is the cause of the interaction? What type of evolution selects against synnecrosis? What do bees want to protect? What is believed to have resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria? What are eukaryotes? What is Lynn Margulis famous for? Who were Margulis and Dorion Sagan? Who played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them? What type of pollen did some plants develop? What is the relationship between plants and insects dependent? What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the unified armed force of Canada? What is the name of the unified armed force of Canada? How many sub-components does the Reserve Force have? Under what Act are the Canadian Armed Forces separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? Who is advised and assisted by the Canadian Armed Forces? Who assists the Canadian Armed Forces? During what war did Canadian defence policy contribute to the security of Europe? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the Soviet military threat in the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? What is the name of the organization that has moved much of its defence focus out of area? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in since the end of the Cold War? In what country has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations? In what year did the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations in Afghanistan? What has the North Atlantic Treaty Organization moved much of its defence focus out of? What is the Canadian defence policy based on? When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? How many core missions are there in Canada? What country is the Canadian military equipped to carry out six core missions? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What is another name for the System of Cooperation? What is another name for the System of Cooperation among the American Air Forces? What are some of the activities that the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? In what year did the Confederation begin? Who were the regular members of the French and British forces? Who attacked the Aboriginal peoples during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812? When did the American Revolutionary War begin? Who invaded British North America? Who was the commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax? Where was a commander-in-chief stationed? When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? What departments were the forces organized under? When were land forces in Canada referred to as the Canadian Army? When did the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occur? How were the units raised to serve in the Second Boer War? When did the United Kingdom enter into conflict with Germany? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its forces into? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its forces into? How many operations have Canadian military units participated in? How many international operations have Canadian military units completed? What wars did Canadians participate in? What was the name of the United Nations peacekeeping operation? What was the name of Canada's aircraft carrier? What are the Normandy Landings? What is the name of the strategic bombing of German cities? The Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Normandy Landings, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German Where is the Battle of Medak Pocket located? What was the largest volunteer army ever fielded? When did the Soviet Union fall? What was the result of the fall of the Soviet Union? When were the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merged into a unified structure? What were the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merged into? What country gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931? When did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom? Why did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931? What name did the Canadian Armed Forces use after the 1980s? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What did the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to? Who was deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts? In what year did the ISAF deploy in Afghanistan? What is the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? Who requested the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? What kind of operations did the Land Forces support? How much money does the Armed Forces receive annually? What is the size of the Armed Forces? How many reservists do the Armed Forces have? By what year is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000? How many people would the total strength be if this happens? What was the name of the effort that the Government of Canada made to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What did the Government of Canada purchase to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What was the CF's rate of loss of existing members? What type of equipment has been acquired by the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort? What is the C-130 Hercules? What new systems have been acquired for the Armed Forces? When did the renewal and re-equipment effort begin? In the 1950s, women were open to roles in what fields? When did the role of women in the CAF begin to expand? What type of controllers did the CAF expand into? What did the Department change to allow women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender? What Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was passed in 1978 and 1985? What type of artillery was there in 1987? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? Who created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were the trials called? When were all military occupations open to women? What was the name of the military occupation that was open to women in 1989? How much did the introduction of women into the combat arms increase the recruiting pool? Who was the government of Jean Chretien? What type of force must equipment be suitable for? What are combat helmets, rucksacks, and combat boots designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What is an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments? At what level does it begin with the most senior-ranking personnel? What Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? What are all troop deployment and disposition orders? Who must sign Orders in Council? Who is responsible to the House of Commons? How many Armed Forces personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members? Who is the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Who appoints the Chief of the Defence Staff as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Where does the Armed Forces Council operate? What are the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other Level 1 organizations? How many Canadian Forces bases do Canada's Armed forces operate out of? Where is the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School located? Where is the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School? How many warships and submarines are deployed in the Royal Canadian Navy? What is the name of the Dockyard in Halifax? What is the name of the Naval Reserve Headquarters? What does the RCN participate in? Who is the Commander of the Canadian Army? How many divisions is the Canadian Army administered? What is the name of the four divisions that are administered by the Canadian Army? What is the name of the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? What is the name of the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? How many field-ready brigade groups does the Regular Force component of the Army consist of? How many field-ready brigade groups are there in the Regular Force? What type of squadron is co-located with each brigade? What type of ambulance is co-located with each brigade? What is the name of the major training and support establishments at CFB Gagetown, Montreal and Wainwright? Who is the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? Where is the Canadian NORAD Region based? How many wings are located across Canada? Who is the tactical commander? Where are major air bases located? Where are administrative and command and control facilities located? Where is a Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force based? Where is the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force located? Where are major air bases located? What is the name of the Joint Task Force? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force support? What do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to? What type of patrols do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established? The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012? When was the new command created? What is the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based? How many Special Operations Aviation Squadrons are based at CFB Petawawa? What is the Information Management Group responsible for? Where is the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group headquartered? What is the purpose of the CAF Cyber Task Force? In what year was the Directorate of Cybernetics established? What is the name of the Directorate of Cybernetics? How many general or specialized units are in the Health Services Group? Who is temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force? Who is the Surgeon General? When can the Canadian Armed Forces be called upon? What is the total reserve force of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who is usually a major general or rear admiral? What are the four components that are operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force? How many cadets are in the Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service? How old are the Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service? What branch of the CAF is the Cadet Instructors Cadre? Who are members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS? What do the Canadian Rangers provide in Canada's arctic and other remote areas? Where do the Canadian Rangers patrol? What are the Canadian Rangers an essential reserve force? What is the purpose of the Canadian Rangers? What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion? What are gloves, swords, and medals? What is the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF? What type of parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What type of full dress does the navy, most army, and some other units have for very specific occasions? What is the name of the headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the distinctive uniform worn? What is the most widely worn headgear? What helmet does the Canadian Army wear? What does the Constitution of Canada give the federal government exclusive responsibility for? In what year was the regular funding augmented? Who was the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees? What did each of the ecclesiastics associate with in the 12th century? What term is applied to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? In what century was the term "parishes" applied to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome? Who was the priest of the tituli of the diocese of Rome? What is the Latin word for "hinge"? Who holds an instance of the origin of the title? How many regions of the city were the deacons of? In what century did the Roman cardinals constitute a privileged class among the Roman clergy? How many cards were eligible to become pope? Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini? What was the name of the cardinals who were given the right to elect the pope? When did Pope Innocent IV wear the red hat? Who granted Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? What did the name cardinal begin to be applied to? When did Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? In what year was the title reserved for the cardinals of Rome? Who was the ruler of the Franks? When did Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? Who reserved the title for the cardinals of Rome in 1567? In what year was the title reserved for the cardinals of Rome? In what year did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who was the head of the Ecumenical Council of Trent? In what year did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who was the head of the Ecumenical Council of Trent? What French kings reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements? What type of affairs did cardinals have in early modern times? Who is Cardinal Richelieu? Who is Cardinal Richelieu? Who was the only example of a cardinal-king? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit to? How many cardinal deacons did Pope Sixtus V have? Who was Pope John XXIII? How many cardinal electors did Paul VI set at the start of 1971? How many cardinals are under the age of 80? How many cardinal electors did Paul VI set at the start of 1971? How many cardinal electors were there at the start of 1971? What does a cardinal see in the city of Rome? Who receives the titular bishopric of Ostia? What is the primary suburbicarian see? In what year did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What was the secular rank of the Pope Urban VIII? Who did the Pope Urban VIII crowned monarchs? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What does the title "Cardinal" mean? What do Oriental Patriarchs customarily use as their full title? Why do Oriental Patriarchs use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? How many cardinals are there in some countries? What does no see carry an actual right to? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What are Cardinal bishops? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? Who was the person elected to the papal election? What did someone who was already a bishop perform to preserve apostolic succession? Who is the Dean of the College of Cardinals? Who is the Dean of the College of Cardinals? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When did Velletri join Ostia? Who separated Ostia from Velletri? What are the suburbicarian sees of Ostia, Albano, Porto, Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian see? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian see? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator? What are the cardinals of the Church collectively known as? Who is competent to judge Cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? What does the pope give each newly appointed cardinal to symbolize their bond with the papacy? Who gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring? What was the name of the hat that the pope would bestow upon him? When was the custom discontinued? What is the scarlet biretta? Which cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition? What does the blood-like red symbolize a cardinal's willingness to die for? What is always white? What color does cardinals' vesture have? When did cardinals wear a violet or blue cape? What happens if a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? Who was the reign of Pope Martin V? What were clerics allowed to marry? When was the Code of Canon Law promulgated? Who can be appointed cardinals with the revision of the Code of Canon Law? What is one of the functions that a cardinal cannot perform? In what year were the priests not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate? When was it possible for someone who was not a priest to become a cardinal? When did Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? What is the name of the College of Cardinals who gather for the papal conclave? What is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals? Where is the Basilica of Saint Peter located? In what year did Pope John Paul I choose not to be crowned? What can cardinal deacons be recognized by the dalmatics? How many cardinals of the order of deacons were there in 2005? How long have Cardinal deacons been cardinal deacons? How many Italians were there in 1939? How many Italians were there in 1939? How many deacons were in the Papal Household? What are the lowest-rank cardinals? Who is the longest serving member of the order of cardinal priests? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who approves an election of the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What do Patriarch cardinals not receive title of? How many orders of cardinals are there in the Catholic Church? How many orders of cardinals are there in the Catholic Church? What are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? Who was chosen to advise him in his duties as Bishop of Rome? Where does every cardinal priest have a titular church? In what year did Pope Sixtus V seek to arrest the growth of the College? How many cardinal priests were there in 1587? Who abolished the limit? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages? What languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? When did Middle Iranian last? What is a language of Sassanid Iran? How many Iranian languages are there? What language descends from the Proto-Iranian language? What is the origin of the word Arya? When was the term for the Iranian language family introduced? Who introduced the term for the Iranian language family in 1836? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? When did Robert Needham Cust use the term Irano-Aryan? What is a common ancestor of Iranian languages? Where are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated? What is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? In what year did BC start? What is the name of the Indo-European family? Where did the Iranian tribes settle? What must have existed among ancient Iranian speakers? How many languages have survived? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? When was the Behistun inscription composed? When did the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian begin? What are the two forms of Old Iranian dialects? What is the name of the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion? What is the same stage of development as the Old Avestan dialect? What is Younger Avestan at about the same linguistic stage as? What is Carduchi? What did Herodotus call languages? What are the western and eastern groups of Iranian peoples? What does Old Persian mean? What is the name of the language that may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups? What are some of the palatal consonants of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series? What is the name of the first-series palatal consonants? What languages are located in the neighboring Nuristani languages? What are the consonant clusters? What are the consonant clusters? What dialect groups were already in existence during this period? What is the name of the subgroup of Scythian? What is the hypothetical ancestor of Parthian? When did the Middle Iranian era begin? What are the two main groups of Middle Iranian languages classified into? What is the Eastern category of Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic? What language did the Eastern group retain some similarity to? What were the alphabets inscribed in? What script did Bactrian use? What is Middle Persian? In what century did the 3rd century CE begin? What language were the Manichaeans used as literary languages? What script was similar to Manichaean texts? What was the name of the Conquest of Persia? What is the official language of the court? What dynasty was the first to adopt the new language in 875 CE? How many CE did the Saffarid dynasty adopt the new language? What province was the term "Dari" associated with? What script did the Islamic conquest adopt for writing Persian? When did the old Persian script begin dwindling in usage? What script was first Latinised in the 1920s? When was the script Cyrillicized? What government was responsible for the Cyrillicization of the script in the 1930s? What is the name of the Arabic language in Western Iran? What Iranian languages are Sogdian and Bactrian? When did the Proto-Slavic population take over Eastern Europe? What valley is the sole remnant of the Scythian languages in Eastern Europe? What is the sole remnant of the Scythian languages in Eastern Europe? What is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What can lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What type of light sources are used in lighting? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What can lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? In what year was the World's Fair held? What type of lighting is popular in Canada? When was fire kindled in the caves of Peking Man? What are oily animals called? What were the earliest forms of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area? How long ago were lamps found in the Lascaux caves? What bulb is powered by electricity? When did gas lighting begin to power street lights in major cities? How did street lights reduce crime? What type of fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions? What are the most important functions of a holder for the light source? What is the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy usually measured in? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What type of appearance do low color temperature lamps have in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What part of the visible spectrum do lamps have more energy in? What is the distribution of the light produced by the fixture? Who invented Track lighting? How many volts does a master transformer feed all of the fixtures on the track or rod? What is a modified version of cable lighting? How many volts does a master transformer feed all of the fixtures on the track or rod? What is an uplight intended for? What is the most common fixture in many homes and offices? What is the desk lamp considered? In what nightclub could accent lighting be considered? What was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s? What type of lighting could be considered in a dark nightclub? What type of lights are usually marked in a movie theater? What type of lamps are being replaced with LED based versions? What type of tube are low voltage lamps usually made up of? What is used to light roadways and walkways at night? What type of luminaires are some manufacturers designing? What can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours? What type of lighting can be used along roadways in urban areas? What can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What are the tail and brake lights that emit light to the rear? What type of yellow lights are placed in the front of a vehicle? When did some automakers begin to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges? What indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear? What do flashing turn signals indicate on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle? What is a common term for light bulbs? What does a light fixture convert to? How many lumens does a wax candle produce? How many lumens does a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produce? What is the name of lighting design that applies to the built environment? What is wn as 'architectural lighting design'? What software can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? What are hand-calculations based on? What does Artificial lighting take into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What type of paint absorbs light? What is the opposite of light paint? What type of studies are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated? What is prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance? What do motion picture and television production use? What is the basic SI unit of measurement? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the CGS unit of luminance? How is the amount of useful light emitted from a source measured? What is a standardized model of human visual brightness perception? How is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measured? What is the Unified Glare Rating? What is correlated color temperature? What is the correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of? What is the color rendering index? What is an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What is a GAI? What is the gamut area index? What does the CRI stand for? What dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment? What is the personal circadian light meter called? What is the circadian light meter called? How long can the Daysimeter gather data? What does the head-mounted device measure? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? How does lighting control reduce energy usage and cost? What does ZigBee provide? What is another name for wireless mesh open standards? What does ZigBee provide? What can control lighting when someone is within the area being scanned? What do Passive infrared sensors react to? What sensor transmits sound above the range of human hearing? When motion can no longer be detected, what does the lights shut off? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Why are daylighting schemes not popular among most buildings? What are light emitting diodes? What principles are used to control the light emission of LEDs? What is important to not over-design illumination? What is the cause of Alzheimer's Disease? How many hours does the light-dark pattern mimic the earth's natural light/dark pattern? What does the natural circadian cycle do when patterns are disrupted? Who documented a study conducted in 1972 and 1981? What did the study conclude that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays? What did the study conclude that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays? Who is the assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough? Who was the assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough? Who devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? In what year was kerosene distilled from petroleum? What was used for lighting since the 1820s? What is a dispose hazard? Why are all CFL's not suitable for dimming? What percentage of power do LED lamps use? How long is the lifetime? How long is the lifetime? How much power do compact fluorescent lamps use? What is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by signs, houses, and buildings? What creates safety issues around buildings? What can be used if natural light is not present? What is a critical part of the battlefield conditions? What type of cameras are used to increase night vision? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What are laser-guided and GPS weapons? What is the International Commission on Illumination? Who publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of illumination needs of different built environments? Along with ANSI and ASHRAE, what organization publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks? What defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire? What is the name of the organization that focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers? What is the name of the Professional Lighting Designers Association? What is the PLDA formerly known as? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What does the abbreviation LC mean? What are the other three national examinations in the lighting industry? What is PLASA? What is the PLASA? How many people are members of the Professional Lighting And Sound Association? What is the RoHS? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws? How many branches of government did Montesquieu need? What is the name of the United States Constitution? What is the United States form of separation of powers associated with? What was the idea of separation of powers called? Who advocated the principle in their writings? Who opposed the principle in their writings? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who were the framers of the United States Constitution? Who advocated the principle in their writings? Who opposed the principle in their writings? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What system was based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government? What was the UK Westminster system based on? What did Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia keep? What country was the supreme lawmaking authority? Who was the President of Delaware a member of? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? Under what doctrine can Congress not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What was one of theearliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? In what year did the 1800s begin? Who conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function? What did Congress unconstitutionally cloth the judiciary with? What was one of theearliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? Who conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What was the name of the case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration? When did Congress not authorize the president to formulate codes of fair competition? When did Congress not authorize the president to formulate codes of fair competition? What was the name of Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? Who is the Commander in Chief of? What does the President have the power to make treaties and appointments to office with? What can Congress do to terminate appointments? What type of oversight does the Federal Trade Commission have? What is vested in the President? Who is vested in executive power? What can Congress do to terminate appointments? Who is responsible for the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress? What does Congress write legislation to restrain executive officials? In what v. Chadha did the Supreme Court decide a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. When was INS v. Chadha? How much of the Senate and House of Representatives will the Framers' decision to exercise the legislative power of the Federal Government in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure? What is the power to decide cases and controversies? Who must be appointed by the president? Who must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of? What are Courts exercising the judicial power called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies? Who must be appointed by the president? Who must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the president? What do not take form of judicial agencies or commissions? Who may not exercise the judicial power of the United States? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States? Who is explicitly granted the power to declare war? What does Congress require that all Generals and Admirals be confirmed by a majority vote? Who checks the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review? In what case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for judicial review? Who is the only court that can determine constitutionality? Who has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial? Who wrote that it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense? Who wrote that it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense? Who is the president? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did he veto? Who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon? How many of Johnson's vetoes did Congress override? What did the Tenure of Office Act pass? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who was granted sweeping authority in Panama Refining v. Ryan? Who granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority? What did Richard Nixon use as a basis for his expansion of power? What do checks and balances apply to the Judicial branch? Who can withdraw the delegation to the Supreme Court at any time? What is the view of the second view at the State level? What is the view of the second view at the State level? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art? What is the Greek word for architecture? What is the Greek word for "architect"? What are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art? What is one example of a civilization that is often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the Greek word for "architect"? What is the term for "architecture"? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing? What are architectural works often perceived as? What type of civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who was the Roman architect in the early 1st century AD? In what century did Vitruvius write De architectura? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architectura? What three principles should a good building satisfy? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustas commonly known by the original translation? When did Vasari write his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? What languages were Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects translated into? Which architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible? Who elaborated on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria? What did Leon Battista Alberti see beauty as? What was the Golden mean for Alberti? What century did Vasari write his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? Who wrote Contrasts? When was Contrasts written? When did Pugin write Contrasts? When was Contrasts written? What did Pugin contrast with? Who believed Gothic architecture was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? In what year did Ruskin publish his Seven Lamps of Architecture? What does architecture contribute to? What is a building not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What was of overriding significance for Ruskin? What does a building not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What type of courses did Ruskin need? In what century did Le Corbusier build houses and palaces? Who wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces? Who is Architect? In what century did Le Corbusier build houses and palaces? How do you touch my heart? What is the name of the person who is happy? What concept came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What are some of the criteria for the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What concept was introduced in place of Vitruvius? What criteria did "Function" include? What did the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be subject to functionality meet with? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What philosophies have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What philosophies have influenced modern architects? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? In what century was a new concept added to the compass of structure and function? What concept was added to the compass of structure and function in the late 20th century? How should a building be constructed to satisfy the contemporary ethos? What is a non-sustainable power source for heating, cooling, water and waste management? What type of worship did building first evolve out of? What was the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What type of materials are available in building materials? What make up most of the built world that people experience every day? Why did the economy begin to expand? What is widely assumed to be the result of a process of architectural success? What is termed vernacular architecture? What were early human settlements mostly? What did the economy begin to expand due to a surplus in production? What was the name of the urban area that grew and evolved rapidly? What ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What did architecture and urbanism reflect in many ancient civilizations? What is the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? In what centuries did the Kao Gong Ji originate? Who wrote Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra? Who wrote the Shilpa Shastras? What religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What architecture showed great regional diversity? When did the Hindu temple architecture develop? What is the focus of Hindu temple architecture? What concepts are laid down in the Hindu temple architecture? What is the name of the architecture of different parts of Asia? What religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What type of architecture did the pointed arch influence? When did Islamic architecture begin? What did Islamic architecture incorporate from the Middle East and Byzantium? What type of needs did Islamic architecture develop to suit? What did the widespread application of the pointed arch influence in the European architecture of the Medieval period? What were the major architectural undertakings? What were the major architectural undertakings? Who did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry? What style of architecture did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry across Europe? What type of styles did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry across Europe? When did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? When did the Renaissance Humanism develop? When did the revival of Classical learning occur in Renaissance Europe? In what country was the revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism? When did the Renaissance Humanism develop? What role did Renaissance Humanism play in society? What was the dividing line between artist, architect and engineer? What does architecture do to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations? What does architecture have to do with planning and designing? What aspects of realizing buildings and structures include scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration? What did Nunzia Rondanini say? What does Nunzia Rondanini say architecture goes beyond functional aspects? What can architecture do without presuming it will promote social development? What will architecture promote in and of itself? What does the aesthetic dimension architecture go beyond? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What can be a purposeless quest for? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What type of ideals did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What kind of ideals did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What style was developed in the form of the Classical orders? How long have texts on architecture been written? What did the texts provide? What did these texts provide? In what century is Vitruvius a Roman Architect? What are some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? Who formed guilds during the Medieval period? What were guilds formed in Europe during the Medieval period? What type of buildings did craftsmen form guilds in Europe during the Medieval period? What is a Magister lathomorum? What did science and engineering affect? What was the scope of the level of structural calculations involved? What aspects of architecture and engineering began to separate? What did the architect concentrate on? What was the name of the "gentleman architect"? What did formal architectural training give much emphasis to in the 19th century? Where did effective architects receive their training? What did the Industrial Revolution open the door for? What became a criterion for the middle class? What became a criterion for the middle class? How could house builders use current architectural design in their work? What could house builders use in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals? What did dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration give rise to? What did modern architecture serve as precursors to? When was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? What was the purpose of the Deutscher Werkbund? What school was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919? What was the name of the avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings? What was the focus of modernist architects after World War I? What did the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles serve? What did the Modernist architects remove in favor of functionalist details? What did the Modernist architects remove in favor of functionalist details? Who developed Organic architecture? What are the prime examples of Organic architecture? What is the aim of Organic architecture? What was the name of the revolution that gave birth to high-rise superstructures? What was the name of the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution? What was the name of the aesthetic epitomized by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What type of richness did many architects find modernism devoid of? Who tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What was Brutalism made of? What did an even younger postwar generation critique for being too austere, standardized, monotone and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings? What is the school of metaphoric architecture? What type of architecture does the school of metaphoric architecture include? What is the primary source of inspiration and design? What type of architecture is it considered to be a later development of? When did architectural phenomenology begin? What was the early reaction to architectural phenomenology? What was the aim of a new contemporary architecture? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What is a building with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms? When did the complexity of buildings begin to increase? What can no longer be the design of one person? What are some members of the architectural profession who feel successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists? What has become a mainstream issue? What has the shift in architecture changed schools to focus more on? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture in the 1960s? What is the name of the U.S. Green Building Council? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What type of estates are there? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What is the opposite of modernist and globally uniform architecture? What is theHDI? When is the life expectancy at birth longer? Who developed the HDI? Who published the HDI? When is the life expectancy at birth longer? When did the Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce? What is the actual level of human development? What can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch these policies? Who was the Nobel laureate? What did Mahbub ul Haq want to do? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch these policies? What is the life expectancy at birth? How many years of schooling does a person 25 years-of-age or older have spent in schools? How many years of schooling will a 5-year-old child spend in schools throughout his life? What is the gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita? Who promulgates the HDI? When was the 2015 Human Development Report released? The 2015 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? When was the 2014 Human Development Report released? The 2014 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? What is the IHDI? What is the IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? What group of countries with a missing IHDI are in the top quartile of HDI? Why were some countries not included for various reasons? What country was not included in the 2014 report? When was the 2013 Human Development Report released? What year did the 2013 Human Development Report calculate HDI values? What is the IHDI? What is the name of the country in the top quartile of HDI? What is the name of the country in the top quartile of HDI? When was the Human Development Report released? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? Why were some countries not included for various reasons? What country was not included in the 2011 report? When was the 2010 Human Development Report released? When was the Human Development Report released? What are the three basic dimensions of human development? What are some countries in the top quartile of HDI with a missing IHDI? Why were some countries not included for various reasons? What did Cuba lodge a protest at? What country has Cuba ranked as a High Human Development country? When was the 2009 Human Development Report released? What period did the 2009 Human Development Report cover? What was the title of the document? What category were the top countries by HDI grouped in? What does the report refer to these countries as? Why were some countries not included for various reasons? What was the name of the statistical update that covered the period up to 2006? How was thestatistical update published? When was thestatistical update published? When was the Human Development Report launched? What was the focus of the fight against climate change? What year was the HDI for 2005? What year was the HDI for 2005? Where was the Human Development Report launched? What was offset by a decrease in HDI of high income countries? What is considered to represent "low development"? Where are all 22 countries in the category located? What is the ranking of the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What is the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan country in Gabon? Which sub-Saharan countries are ranked 119th and 121st? What is a HDI of 0.8 or more considered to represent? How many countries were promoted to the "medium development" group? How many countries were promoted to the "medium development" group? What represent a decrease in ranking over the previous study? What represent an increase in ranking over the previous study? What is the name of a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? How many times has Norway been ranked the highest? How many times has Iceland been ranked highest? What does the Human Development Index focus exclusively on? What is the Human Development Index criticized on? What is the global perspective of the Human Development Index? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? How many sources of data error are there? In what year did the UNDP react to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries? In what year did the Human Development Report Office respond to a article in the magazine that discusses the Wolff et al. paper? How many economies did the UNDP HDI have in 2009? How many countries did the UNDP HDI cover in 2010? What are some definitions of southern Europe also known as? What is the name of the Iberian peninsula? The Balkan countries of southeast Europe are geographically in what part of Europe? What are some definitions of southern Europe? What are some of the methods that can be used to define southern Europe? Along with geography, climate, and flora, what else can Southern Europe be defined by? What type of climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, and the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey? What coastal regions are located in the Mediterranean climate? What type of vegetation does the Mediterranean climate present? Where are the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy located? Which coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate? What climate does the north coast of Spain experience? What is one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan? Who recognized the phytochoria of the Mediterranean Region? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? What is the name of the city-states in Ancient Greece? Who was the leader of the empire? Where was the Western Roman Empire based? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire based? Which peoples led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476? When was the Fall of the Western Roman Empire? When was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire? What did modern historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages? Who moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire? What did Germanic peoples establish in Western Europe? What is the period known as? In what year did the Byzantine Empire end? What would the Crusaders open the way for the merchant republics to become major economic powers? What movement worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom? In what year did the Sack of Constantinople end? The Late Middle Ages represented what period of upheaval in Europe? What epidemic caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted? What empire encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands? In what year did Constantinople fall? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in? What did the Renaissance of knowledge bring about rediscovery of? The Age of Discovery established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia? When did the Age of Discovery end? What was the result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees? Who invented the telescope and the thermometer? Who invented the radio? What caused the rise of colonial empires? What was the name of the exchange that led to the rise of colonial empires? What did the combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain allow a new economy based on? What did the combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain allow a new economy based on? When did the period between 1815 and 1871 see a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars? What empire did Balkan nations regain independence from? When did the Papal temporal power end? What is the name of a scramble for empires? When was World War I? When did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? Who imposed their terms in a series of treaties? Who came to power in 1933? Who came to power in 1933? What country sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? Who sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? What was the name of the warsaw Pact? What was the division of powers of the European Union? What did the EU do with the division of powers? When did communism end? When did the Soviet Union dissolve? What year did the European Union expand to include many of the formerly communist European countries? What are the heirs of Latin? What are the most common romance languages in Southern Europe? Where is Catalan spoken? What language is spoken in northwestern Spain? How many people speak Spanish? What language is widely spoken in Greece and in Cyprus? Where are Hellenic languages widely spoken? What language is spoken in Slovenia? What is spoken in Bulgaria? Where is Slovene spoken? What language is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? Where is Gibraltar located? What is Malta secondary to? What language is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece? What is the official language of Malta? Where is the Basque Country located? What is the predominant religion in southern Europe? When was Christianity adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire? What are Christians in the western half of Southern Europe? What are Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe? What classification does the United Nations Organization group countries under? What is the purpose of the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings? What is the name of the sub-regions in Southern Europe? What is the TDM model? Who divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics? What is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What charter does the corporation operate in the United Kingdom? How long has the corporation produced television programmes from its own? When is the start of the corporation's regular service of television broadcasts dated? What is the name of the corporation that operates in the United Kingdom? What percentage of all UK viewings are broadcast without commercial advertising? What is the corporation ranking as one of the world's largest television production companies? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? Where did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? When did broadcasts via the BBC continue? When was Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture achieved? Where was Broadcasting House located? What was the name of the telephone line that carried the 30-line images? What did advances in all-electronic television systems make obsolete? Where did the studio move to? When did the studio move to larger quarters? Where was Alexandra Palace located? How many studios did Alexandra Palace have? What is the name of the 405-line Marconi-EMI system? What is the name of the 240-line Baird intermediate film system? When does the BBC broadcast from 15:00 to 16:00? How long were the two systems to run on a trial basis? What type of camera did the Baird system use for live programming? When did the Baird system closedown? How far away was the Alexandra Palace transmitter? In what year was the Alexandra Palace transmitter picked up? In what year was the Alexandra Palace transmitter picked up? What did engineers at RCA experiment with in 1938? Where was a regular schedule of broadcasts transmitted by 1930? When was BBC One switched to BBC One? What was the name of the first broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? Who was the coronation of in 1937? When was the service suspended? What was the government concerned about? What would be needed for the war effort? What was the name of Mickey's Gala Premier? When was broadcasting suspended? How many television sets were manufactured from 1936 to September 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? When did BBC Television return? What studio did the majority of production move into in the 1950s? What cartoon was repeated twenty minutes later? When was the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station opened? When was the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station opened? What type of image was broadcast on VHF? What was the name of the image that was transmitted in Birmingham by the mid-1950s? What was the BBC Television Service renamed in 1960? What channel did the BBC Television Service compete with for the highest ratings for that week? When was Doctor Who introduced? In what year did television transmissions resume from Alexandra Palace? What was the second television station for the UK? What was the name of the third television station for the UK? What caused the fire at Battersea Power Station? What caused the fire at Battersea Power Station? Who held a candle? What was the name of the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour? When did ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts? BBC Two does not have what type of programming? Who commissions the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series? What was the name of the documentary series that was produced by Sir David Attenborough? In what year did Tom and Jerry cartoons first aire on BBC One? When did the BBC stop airing the cartoon duo? How many episodes of Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening at 17:00? How many episodes of Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening at 17:00? Who did David Attenborough work with? In what decade did the BBC Natural History Unit exist? What are some of Attenborough's programs? How many regions of England's BBC One output are there? What other nations of the United Kingdom have been granted more autonomy from the English network? Who introduces programmes in the United Kingdom? What are some of the programmes of local importance in the BBC One? Which soap opera was produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What is the name of the soap opera produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What does BBC Scotland produce daily programmes for its Gaelic viewers? What is the name of the popular children's programming that BBC Scotland produces for its Gaelic-speaking viewers? What is the name of the BBC Northern Ireland talk show? How much of the BBC's output is from independent British production companies? From what country are the Simpsons from? What is the name of the programme that has been imported from the United States? What is the name of the first teletext service introduced by the BBC? What year did the BBC introduce Ceefax? What service replaced CEEFAX? In what year did the BBC announce its intention to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? How many regional variations of BBC 1 did the BBC intend to transmit from the Astra 2D satellite? When did the BBC announce that it would transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? How much did the BBC save over the next five years? What was the purpose of the Astra 2D satellite? Who have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out? What platform was not disrupted by broadcasts? What were some broadcasts made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What DVD showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over half-century? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What BBC television series won a BAFTA award in 2005? Who was the head of the BBC Television department? What was the name of the company that was absorbed into a larger group? What was the name of the new group that was part of a larger restructuring within the BBC? In what year did the BBC begin experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK? When were all standard BBC television channels made available to watch online? How many times is Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? What is a television licence fee that TV viewers are required to pay annually? What are the BBC's international television channels funded by? In what year did the name BBC Vision revert to Television? Who is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? Who is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? In what year did BBC Japan operate? When did BBC Japan operate? What was the name of the general entertainment channel that operated between December 2004 and April 2006? When was Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born? Who is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician? How many terms did he serve as the 38th Governor of California? When did Schwarzenegger begin weight training? How many times did he win the Mr. Universe contest? What was Conan the Barbarian's breakthrough film? How many times did he win the Mr. Universe title? What was the nickname of the "Austrian Oak" during his acting career? In what year did Schwarzenegger finish his second term as governor? Who was the first Republican elected to replace Gray Davis? Who was elected as a Republican in 2003? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in for his second term? What was Schwarzenegger's name? Who was Aurelia Schwarzenegger? Who was Schwarzenegger's parents? Who was Gustav the chief of? What was the name of Gustav's elder son? What did Schwarzenegger's family buy? Who took his team to a local gym? What was the name of the first real movie I saw? Who was a police officer? Who did Schwarzenegger visit to see bodybuilding idols? When did Meinhard die? What was the name of the three-year-old son that Meinhard and Knapp had? What caused Gustav to die? Who is the first serious girlfriend? What did Schwarzenegger say he suffered in 2004? What title was my ticket to America? Who won the Junior Mr. Europe contest? When did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip? Where did Schwarzenegger attend the NABBA Mr. Universe competition? Who was Schwarzenegger's mentor? What did Schwarzenegger focus on? How many hours daily did Schwarzenegger train in Munich? Who did Schwarzenegger work in? When did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the US? When did Schwarzenegger move to the US? In what city did Olympia win his first title? Who designed the original Gold's Gym logo in 1973? When did LA Weekly say Schwarzenegger was the most famous immigrant in America? What was Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder published in 1977? Where did he take English classes? What did Schwarzenegger say he was struggling with for the first time in his life? What did Schwarzenegger say he was struggling with for the first time in his life? What event commemorates Schwarzenegger's legacy? What magazines did he write a monthly column for? How much did the magazines agree to donate a year to the Governor's physical fitness initiatives? Who was appointed executive editor of both magazines? Who won the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965? How many Mr. Universe wins did Lee Haney win? How long is an hour with weights every day? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? When did Oliva lose to Sergio Oliva? Who did Oliva lose to in 1969? What year did Schwarzenegger win the competition? How old is Schwarzenegger? Who did Schwarzenegger beat in 1975? In what year did Schwarzenegger win the title? What contest did Schwarzenegger announce his retirement from? What is the name of the bodybuilding documentary that Schwarzenegger filmed? How long did Schwarzenegger wait to prepare for the competition? Who appeared in Stay Hungry? What was Schwarzenegger training for? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have? In what year did Schwarzenegger write that steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet? Who sued Schwarzenegger in 1999? How much did Schwarzenegger collect? What tabloid made predictions about the bodybuilder's future health? What role did Schwarzenegger play in the 1970's? What was the name of the film? Who directed The Long Goodbye? What award did Altman receive for his film Stay Hungry? What did agents and casting people tell me about my body? When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography? In what year did Mansfield star in a biographical film? What role did Schwarzenegger audition for? What comedy did Schwarzenegger appear in in 1979? What sequel was followed by a sequel? In what year was Conan the Destroyer released? Who did James Cameron play? Who became international stars in the 1980s? When was The Running Man released? Who was a comedy with Danny DeVito? What was Schwarzenegger's gross net in 1990? When was Christmas in Connecticut? What was the first episode of Schwarzenegger's television series? What was the highest-grossing film of 1991? Who named him the "International Star of the Decade"? What was Schwarzenegger's next film? What was the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman? How much did Rise of the Machines earn? How tall is the Terminator statue? What was the name of the local cultural association that proposed plans to build a Terminator statue in a park in Graz? What film did he appear in in 2005? Who was the star of the comic book and animated series of the same name? Who would have produced the series? What movie was written by Randall Wallace? Who wrote With Wings as Eagles? When did Schwarzenegger announce that all movie projects were being halted? How long did The Last Stand last? What role did Sylvester Stallone play? In what year did Genisys reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan? In what year did Conan the Barbarian reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan? When did Schwarzenegger give a speech? What was the name of the anti-drug video that Schwarzenegger appeared in in 1985? In what year did George H.W. Bush appear at a campaign rally? Who did George H.W. Bush accompany at a campaign rally? Who did George H. W. Bush call him? In what year was Schwarzenegger interviewed? Who claimed that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California? When did Schwarzenegger announce his candidacy? What was Schwarzenegger's name? What percentage of the Yes vote was in favor of a recall? Who did Schwarzenegger defeat? How many votes did Schwarzenegger win? What percentage of the vote did Bustamante receive? Who was Schwarzenegger the second foreign-born governor of California? Who said he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What was Schwarzenegger's sketch from Saturday Night Live? In what year was a special election called? How many ballot measures were defeated in 2005? Who was Schwarzenegger's Chief of Staff? Who was the California State Treasurer? Who was the mayor of San Francisco? In what year was Schwarzenegger rumored to run for the United States Senate? Who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger? Who became my heroes? In what movie is Schwarzenegger portrayed as the president? When did he become naturalized? What is Schwarzenegger? Who were Schwarzenegger's friends with? Who was Schwarzenegger's favorite candidate? What did Schwarzenegger and McCain talk about? Who named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the US? What percentage of approval ratings did he have in December 2003? What percentage of approval rating did Davis leave office? What was Schwarzenegger's name? How many women came forward with their personal stories? What newspaper recounted allegations of sexual misconduct? What did Schwarzenegger say he tried to take off? What magazine interviewed Schwarzenegger in October 2007? What substance did Schwarzenegger use? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? What did Richardson claim they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event? Who wrote a Los Angeles Times article? In what year was the death penalty abolished? Who demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? When did Schwarzenegger sign a bill to create the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? How are refineries allowed to release into the atmosphere? By what year are the bills part of a plan to reduce California's emissions by 25 percent to 1990's levels? Who did Schwarzenegger work with? What has he installed to heat his home? When did the plan take effect? What is the goal of the power plant in participating states to reduce carbon dioxide emissions? Where was the SAE World Congress held? What does Article II, Section I, Clause V prevent individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office? What newspaper reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president? Who was the law professor at Columbia University? What did Schwarzenegger write his objectives at the start of the year? By what age was Schwarzenegger a millionaire? Who started a bricklaying business in 1968? What happened in 1971? What was Schwarzenegger's first real estate investment venture? Who was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants? When did Schwarzenegger severe his financial ties with the business? What was the name of the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants? What company is Dimensional Fund Advisors? Where did he invest in a shopping mall? Who owns a movie production company? Who owns Fitness Publications? What was the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened in 1992? What was the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened in 1992? What does Schatzi mean? In what year did he sell his restaurant? In what year did Shriver divorce? How much money did Schwarzenegger spend on a private Gulfstream jet in 1997? In what year did Baker publish her memoir? What did Baker say he had little understanding of when she first met him? When did the first Apollo Moon landing on television? Who was Schwarzenegger's next paramour? When did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did Schwarzenegger have a relationship with Maria Shriver? Who did Schwarzenegger marry on April 26, 1986? Where did Schwarzenegger marry Maria Shriver? How many children does Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger have? Who is Schwarzenegger dating? How long did Shriver and Schwarzenegger's marriage last? When did the Los Angeles Times reveal that Schwarzenegger fathered a son? How many years was Baena employed by the family? Who was Baena's son with Schwarzenegger? In what year did Baena buy a new four-bedroom house? Who is Schwarzenegger's attorney? Who has consulted an attorney? What did Schwarzenegger's initial petition include? What actress did Brigitte Nielsen say she had an affair with while he was in a relationship with Shriver? What was Schwarzenegger's bicuspid valve? In what year did Schwarzenegger opt for a replacement heart valve? Who was Schwarzenegger's son? What was Schwarzenegger's right femur? Where was Schwarzenegger skiing? Where did Schwarzenegger's private jet make an emergency landing? What is Schwarzenegger's official height? Who did Schwarzenegger have a light-hearted exchange with? What was Schwarzenegger's size? What was Schwarzenegger's autobiography? What is the name of the chapter he devotes to his extramarital affair? When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released? In what year did Schwarzenegger buy the first two Hummers? How many Hummers did Schwarzenegger buy in 1992? In what year was he spotted and filmed in his car? How large are the Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992? How much did the conversion cost? What is the name of the hydrogen refueling plant? What did the U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost? What does ICG stand for? Where was the Special Olympics held? How many schools does ICG serve? What is the name of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy? When was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded? Who is the chairman of the Institute? How many miles south-west of Exeter is Plymouth? How many miles west-south-west of London is Plymouth? Where do the rivers Plym and Tamar come from? Where is Plymouth located? Where do the rivers Plym and Tamar join to form the boundary with Cornwall? Where did a first settlement emerge? What village was surpassed by the settlement? When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth for the New World? When was the town besieged? What was the name of the second settlement in the United States of America? What town became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town? In what year did Plymouth become a city? What was the name of the act that led to the city's partial destruction during World War II? In what year did Plympton and Plymstock join other outlying suburbs? What was the name of the urban district that was merged to form a single County Borough? How many people live in the city? What is the rank of the most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom? How many MPs are there? What is the name of the ferry link to Spain? What university is home to HMNB Devonport? What is an unidentified settlement called? Where have artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age been found? What is 'TAMARI OSTIA'? In what century did the river silt up? What was the name of the village that was called Sutton? In what year was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned? Who replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440? What does Plym Mouth mean? In what year was a French attack? Who burned the town in 1403? In what year was Drake's Fort built? Where was the fleet based? In what year was an Act of Parliament passed for further fortifying Plymouth? Who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade? Who was Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593? In what year did Drake engage the Spanish Armada? When did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? What is the name of the second English colony in the United States of America? Who was besied for almost four years by the Royalists? How many years was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? What park was defeated by the Plymothians? When was the monarchy restored by King Charles II? Where did King Charles II imprison many of the Parliamentary heroes? In what century did Plymouth play a small part in the Atlantic slave trade? In what century did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? When did HMNB Devonport open? Where was the first dockyard opened? How many men were employed in 1712? How many people were employed in 1733? Where was the first dockyard opened in 1690? What were Plymouth's main imports in the 18th century? What was Plymouth Dock renamed to in 1824? The Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during what century? Who designed a series of neo-classical urban developments? What was the name of the building that was destroyed by Foulston? Who established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? When did William Cookworthy establish his Plymouth Porcelain venture? Who established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? Who was the host of the Eddystone Lighthouse? How long is the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? Who designed the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? When was Rennie's death? When did work begin in Plymouth Sound? What was the purpose of the Breakwater? What was one of the greatest imports to Plymouth in the 19th century? Where was the dockyard located? What was an important base for escort vessels and repairs? What was an important base for escort vessels? What was the name of the boat that operated from Mount Batten? Who operated the Sunderland flying boats? What was the headquarters of the Western Approaches Command? How many raids did the Luftwaffe raid? How many civilians lost their lives? How many houses were destroyed? Who planned the redevelopment of London? How many homes were completed every year between 1951 and 1957? How many new homes were built by 1964? In what year was the Civic Centre constructed? What was the grade II listed by English Heritage to prevent demolition of the Civic Centre? What was the name of the aircraft carriers in Devonport Dockyard? When did the army leave the city? What is the name of the Commando of the Royal Marines? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What is Saxon for south farm? In what year did England become the first town to be granted a Charter by Parliament? In what year did England become the first town to be granted a Charter by Parliament? Who was elected the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? Who was the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? When was Plymouth granted city status? When was the first Lord Mayor appointed? What is the parish of Plymstock? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? Who was the Secretary of State for Education in 1974? What was Foot responsible for in 1974? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? How many people were in Plymouth? In what year did the Local Government White Paper propose abolishing county boroughs? What county did Plymouth lobby for? When did Plymouth cease to be a county borough? What commission recommended that the city become a unitary authority? What is Plymouth represented by in the European Parliament? Who was the Conservative MP for Devon South West? What was the name of the Conservative MPs in the 2015 general election? What is the name of the three constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom? How many councillors are in the City of Plymouth? How many councillors are there in the City of Plymouth? How many consecutive years is the council up for election? What is the name of the city that Plymouth City Council is twinned with? In what year was Plymouth, United States twinned? Who granted Plymouth the dignity of Lord Mayor in 1935? How many councillors are elected each year? What party alternates between the Conservative and the Labour Party annually? Who is the incumbent for 2015-16? Where is the Lord Mayor's official residence? Who gave Waldorf and Nancy Astor a home? What is the name of the municipal office building in Armada Way? When did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building? What was the cost of the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? What river flows into the harbour of Plymouth Sound? What river flows into the harbour of Plymouth Sound? What river forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall? Where do both rivers flow into? In what year did the unitary authority of Plymouth include the towns of Plympton and Plymstock? What is the name of the smaller estuary to the east of the city? When was the Plymouth Breakwater used? Which island is seen from Plymouth Hoe? How many square kilometers is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? How tall is the topography at Roborough? What is Plymouth Sound a Site of? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound formed of? What type of limestone does Plymouth have? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound formed of? Why is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs a Site of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone that runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? Where is the granite mass located? What rock brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor? Where was the middle Devonian limestone belt quarried? Which limestone band runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? On what date was the Plan for Plymouth published? Who published the Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city? What is the name of the north-south avenue linking the railway station and the vista of Plymouth Hoe? Who was the architect of the Vision for Plymouth? How many parks are there in Plymouth? What type of climate does Plymouth have? What is the annual mean temperature? What is the coldest month of February? How many storms did the European winter storms of 09-10 cover Plymouth? What are the warmest months? What type of depressions are there in the Atlantic? What type of depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter? How many millimetres is the average annual rainfall? When are the highest mean wind speeds? Where does most of the rain fall? How many hours of sunshine do coastal areas have? What area extends north-eastwards towards the UK? What was the temperature in June 1976? In what year did the temperature of the warmest day of the year reach 31.6 °C? How many days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C? When did the temperature fall to 8.8 °C? In what year did the temperature fall to 8.8 °C? How many students did the University of Plymouth enroll in 2014/15? How many students did the University of Plymouth enroll in 2014/15? How many staff are there? What is the annual income of the staff? In what year was the Polytechnic South West founded? What is the name of the University of St Mark & St John? What does the University of St Mark & St John specialise in? What type of courses does Plymouth College of Art offer? How many students attend City College Plymouth? How many years ago was it started? How many independent colleges of art and design are there in the UK? How many colleges are there in the city? How many state primary phase schools are there in Plymouth? How many state secondary schools are there in Plymouth? How many selective state grammar schools are there in Plymouth? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What is the name of the school in Plymouth? What was the name of the engineering college in Greenwich? In what year did Manadon open? When was the Dockyard Technical College renamed? When did the Dockyard Technical College close? Where was training transferred to? What is the name of the marine Biological Association in Plymouth? Who is the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences? What is the name of Plymouth University's Marine Institute? What is the name of the partnership between Plymouth University's Marine Institute and Diving Diseases Research Centre? Who is the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences? What was Plymouth's unitary authority area population? What was the population of Plymouth in 2001? How many people were there in the 2011 Census? What was the average household size in the city? What is the largest minority ethnic group in Plymouth? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was the GVA per person? What was the national average of GVA per person? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What percentage of Plymouth's population is poorest nationally? How long was the life expectancy for men? What is the life expectancy for men? What was the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? How many people are employed in the defence sector? How many people are employed in the defence sector in Plymouth? In what year was the Plymouth Gin Distillery exported around the world by the Royal Navy? What is the name of the distillery that produces Plymouth Gin? When was the most widely distributed gin? What percentage of Plymouth's income does the Devonport Dockyard generate? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? How many firms are in Plymouth? How many people are employed in the Tamar Science Park? Who has chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? When was the Pannier Market completed? When was the Pannier Market completed? What is Plymouth ranked in the top five in the South West? Where is the Tinside Pool located? How much was the Tinside Pool restored to its 1930s look? Who launched the "Vision for Plymouth"? Who launched the "Vision for Plymouth"? What is the name of the Chamber of Commerce? How many dwellings are there? How many dwellings are there? In what year did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? When did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? Where was TR2 built? When was the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture awarded? Who said it was already ten years out of date? What is the current location of Plymouth City Council's headquarters? What is the name of the entertainment arena in Plymouth Pavilions? What is the name of the canal linking Millbay to the city centre? What is the name of the parkway in the city? How far away from Exeter is the M5 motorway? What bridge connects Cornwall and Devon? What is the name of the airport that is operated by First South West? What is the name of the bus service that is provided by Plymouth Citybus? How many ferries does Brittany Ferries operate from Millbay? What is the name of the ferry service that takes cars and foot passengers directly to France? What are the three ferries that Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay? What is the ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll? How long is the ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll believed to have operated continuously? What was the name of the city's airport? How many miles north of the city centre is Plymouth City Airport? When does FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the city airport? FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by what year? When was Plymouth's railway station opened? Who manages the Plymouth railway station? What is the name of the Cornish Main Line? How many MPs have lobbied that train services are vital to its economy? What is the name of the railway station that sees trains on the CrossCountry network? When was the sea wall at Dawlish breached? How many metres of the wall was the sea wall at Dawlish breached? When did Network Rail reopen? When was the sea wall at Dawlish breached? How many churches does Plymouth have? When was Plymouth's Roman Catholic cathedral founded? What is the largest parish church in Devon? What is St Andrew's? How many Baptist churches are in the city? Who was the first known reference to Jews in the South West from 1577 to 1580? When was the Plymouth Synagogue built? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in English speaking world? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What percentage of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return? How much of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return? What is the percentage of people without a religion? What is the national average of people without a religion? How many people are there? In what year was Union Street built? Who attended the New Palace Theatre? How many pubs did Charlie Chaplin attend? Where did sailors from the Royal Navy seek entertainment? What is the name of the annual British Firework Championship? What was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? Who surpassed the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? What university was Roy Lowry a part of? When was the Music of the Night performed in the Royal Citadel? How many theatres are there in the city? What is the name of the city's main theatre? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? In what year did the theatre house a theatre? What is Plymouth the regional television centre of? What is the name of the regional station that ITV Westcountry is headquartered in? When did ITV Westcountry close? What is the name of the regional station that ITV West is headquartered in? What is the name of the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? Who plays in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two? What is the fourth tier of English football league known as? What is the team's home ground called? What is the nickname of the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World? What is the name of the Villa F.C. that plays at Haye Road? What sports club is Plymouth Albion R.F.C? What sports club is the Plymouth Raiders basketball club? What is Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club currently competing in? Where do the Plymouth Pavilions play? When was the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena founded? When was the Port of Plymouth Regatta held? When did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? How many days did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? What year was Plymouth supplied by South West Water? Who supplied the Plymouth County Borough Corporation? When was a watercourse opened? What was the name of the watercourse that was opened on April 24, 1591? When was it officially completed? Who is responsible for waste management throughout Plymouth? Where is South West Water responsible for sewerage? What is the name of the distribution of Plymouth's electricity? When did the Langage Power Station start to produce electricity for Plymouth? What is the name of the combined cycle gas-powered station in Plympton? When was the Plymouth Borough Police formed? What is the divisional HQ? How many fire stations are in Plymouth? Where is the Severn class lifeboat stationed? What was the name of the Constabulary that the Plymouth Borough Police became part of? What is the name of the city's NHS hospital? How long is Derriford Hospital? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? Where does South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operate? Where is South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquarters? In what year was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? How many cemeteries do the City council operate? What park does not allow headstones to mark graves? What is a brass plaque set into the ground? When was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? When was the Royal Citadel built? When was the Royal Citadel built? When was Smeaton's Tower built? How many miles off shore is Smeaton's Tower? What commemorates the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What is the early port settlement of Plymouth called? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? How many marine species does the National Marine Aquarium display? How many buildings are there in Plymouth? What is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly"? Where is the ern outskirts of the city? Who owns the Landmark Trust? Where is Devonport located? How many waymarkers did the Devonport Heritage Trail have? Where is Plymouth often used as a base? What is the name of the popular area in which Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular? What valley is the Tamar Valley? Who designed the University's Arts faculty? When was the building opened? What is the Roland Levinsky building? What is the name of the faculty at the University? Where is the Roland Levinsky building located? What are people from Plymouth known as? What are people from Plymouth known as? What is the name of the Devon form of John? What is Cousin Jan? Where was Sir Francis Drake born? Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world? In what year did he die of dysentery? In what year did he die? Who was the founder and first president of the Royal Academy? Who wrote the paintings of Beryl Cook and Robert Lenkiewicz? Where was David McKee trained? Where is John Surman born? Who founded the jazz free improvisation band AMM? What is the name of the family of George Passmore? Who is a footballer? Which Canadian politician hails from Plymouth? Who was the American Vice President in the film The Right Stuff? What is the name of the fictional president that was born in Plymouth? Who is the comedian Dawn French?