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Who reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts? What was the name of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide? Who was responsible for the Holocaust? Who campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides? When did the United Nations General Assembly adopt a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law? What did the United Nations General Assembly not provide a legal definition of? What did the first draft of the Convention include? Who was a permanent security council member? What did other nations feared the inclusion of political groups in the Convention's definition would invite? Who was the leading genocide scholar? What did the USSR believe the Convention's definition should follow? In what year did the European Court of Human Rights note that the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group? What group was enough to qualify as genocide? What case did the European Court of Human Rights consider the intention to destroy in the CPPCG? What did the ECHR think was necessary to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group? What was the term used to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? What was Lemming's concept of mobilizing? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide"? What term was coined by Peg LeVine to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity? Who coined the term "ritualcide"? What are some of the key elements of the group's basic existence? The study of genocide has mainly been focused on what aspect of the term? What is the act of genocide formally recognized as? What is genocide viewed as when it is looked at in a general aspect? Who is often seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? What is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area? What was the Peace of Westphalia established to protect? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? When was the word genocide not in use? What is the Latin word for to kill? What is the purpose of the word genocide? Who was a Polish-Jewish lawyer? Who described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name"? When was the word genocide not in use? What did Winston Churchill describe the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians? Who was a Polish-Jewish lawyer? What is the Latin word for to kill? What is the purpose of the word genocide? When is the targeted part considered substantial enough to meet the requirement of the Tribunal's Statute? What is the starting point of the inquiry? In what terms should the number of individuals targeted be evaluated? What can be a useful consideration? What is the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims in paragraph 13? What do the judges believe should be considered to be the area of the perpetrators' activity and control? What should be considered to be the extent of the perpetrators' reach? What will be limited by the intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide? What does the fact that the perpetrators' access to the victims should be considered? When did international law come into force? How many countries became parties to the Convention? How many permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the Convention? In what year was the United Kingdom ratified? How long did the Convention last? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say the CPPCG was a legal instrument? What is the wording of the treaty not intended to be? What kind of legal credibility does the CPPCG have? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say none of the alternative definitions have gained widespread support for? What do Jonassohn and Björnson argue that the academic discipline of genocide studies is too young to have a canon of work on which to build an academic paradigm? What have academics adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods? Who studied human history? Who is the author of R. J. Rummel? Who have looked at post World War II events? What are the targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What book was written by M. Hassan Kakar? What type of groups are excluded as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy? What does genocide result in? What is genocide? What does Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr distinguish between? What are the communal characteristics of the victimized groups? What does the distinction between genocides and complicity collapse? What is the ordinary meaning of genocide? What is the ordinary meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What does the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide mean? What does the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide mean? Who defined genocide as when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group? What did Gallagher define genocide? What did Gallagher define genocide? What did Gallagher define genocide? What does Gallagher argue that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish? In what time period are signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish acts of genocide? What did the CPPCG signatories say could not be brought against them without their consent? Who did the United States refuse to allow a charge of genocide brought against them? What other signatories protested on the ethics and legal standing of the reservations? What is the CPPCG? What were criminals found guilty of? What were criminals found guilty of? Who were the criminals prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust? Who coined the term Holocaust? Who dismissed the appeal of Nikola Jorgi against his conviction for genocide? Who rejected the interpretation of genocide? What did the majority of scholars believe did not constitute genocide? What did the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina want to expel from their homes? Who found the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu was met in Prijedor? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide in Bosnia? What has Zdravko Tolimir been found guilty of? What have Radislav Krsti and Drago Nikoli been found guilty of? How many people have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia? When did Slobodan Miloevi die? Where was Slobodan Miloevi arrested? Who was arrested in Belgrade in 2008? What was Slobodan Miloevi accused of? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What is the ICTR? When was the ICTR created? Who created the ICTR? When was the ICTR created? Who is responsible for the acts of genocide and other violations of the international law performed in Rwanda? Who declared the conflict in Darfur a "genocide"? Who was the United States Secretary of State? Who did Colin Powell testify about the conflict in Darfur? Who issued a report to the Secretary-General stating that "the Government of Sudan has not pursue a policy of genocide"? What was the conclusion that no genocidal policy has been pursued and implemented in Darfur? Who was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court? What did the Commission report on the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court take into account? What two permanent members of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? What did the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court report to the Security Council? What are the structural conditions that lead to genocide? What are some of the processes that create an evolution toward genocide? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What is a history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim? What is one of the conditions that lead to genocide? What is a common phenomenon? What processes take place during antibiotic therapy? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment demonstrate antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What are antibiotics that have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains? What is a common phenomenon that reflects the emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics? What can the antibiotic treatment select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment demonstrate antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What experiment demonstrated antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes in 1943? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What has been shown to eliminate in clinical settings? What may a bactericidal activity of antibacterials depend on? What does a bactericidal activity of antibacterials often require? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What are some factors that determine the successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy? What are several pharmacological parameters used as markers of drug efficacy? What do most antibacterial antibiotics target? What are the two types of antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall? What is the name of the cell membrane that targets the bacterial cell wall? What types of antibiotics are usually bacteriostatic? What are antibiotics commonly classified based on? What are the two types of antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall? What is the name of the cell membrane that targets the bacterial cell wall? How many new classes of antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s? What are antibiotics commonly classified based on? What type of modifications are most modern antibacterials? What are the beta-lactam antibiotics? What are the compounds that are still isolated from living organisms? How are antibacterial compounds produced? What are antibacterials semisynthetic modifications of? What is the molecular weight of many antibacterial compounds? What are penicillins produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? What are the penicillins produced by in the genus Penicillium? What type of disease was tuberculosis in the developed world? What has caused bacteria to develop resistance? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What is the potential of antimicrobial resistance? What has caused bacteria to develop resistance? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? In what century did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has caused widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has caused bacteria to develop resistance? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? What is happening right now in every region of the world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has caused widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has caused bacteria to develop resistance? What type of disease was tuberculosis in the developed world? What type of therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? How long does the identification process take before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What is the name of the antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection? What is being identified in empirical therapy? How long does the identification process take? What is the name of the antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection? What is the responsible microorganism not yet unidentified in empirical therapy? What type of therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim? What are the adverse effects of antibiotics? What is a common side effect of antibiotics? What type of bacteria can antibiotics cause overgrowth of? What is a side effect of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid? What does the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota? What are antibiotics usually considered safe and most are well tolerated? What are antibiotics usually considered safe and most are well tolerated? What type of organisms are targeted? What is one of the most common side effects of antibiotics? What has been associated with chronic disease? What are antibiotics usually considered safe and most are well tolerated? What are some major allergic reactions to antibiotics? What is a common side effect of antibiotics? What can antibiotics cause overgrowth of? What is a side effect of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What isSTAT? What was the name of the subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment? What is unclear if antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What does the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans need to be weighed against? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota? What is unclear if antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What do most studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora? What has been suggested to be inconclusive and controversial? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do most studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal flora? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with? What do most studies indicate do interfere with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is the effect of alcohol and certain antibiotics on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What can alcohol consumption cause? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What is the effect of alcohol and certain antibiotics on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What can cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What can alcohol consumption cause? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? What can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry resistance genes? What may be absent from the bacterial genome? How does the spread of antibacterial resistance occur? What is the result of a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA? How does the spread of antibacterial resistance occur? Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to what? What are bacterial-resistant strains and species sometimes referred to as? What type of strains are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments? How many new cases of tuberculosis are estimated to occur worldwide? What is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse of antibiotics? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What type of antibiotics are used in travelers? What is one form of misuse of antibiotics? What is another form of misuse of antibiotics? What is a common form of antibiotic misuse? Who were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them? What is the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? Who coordinates the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? In what year did an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign begin? When did the EU ban the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents? In what year did Swann report on antibiotic use in the UK? What two organizations have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses? What are two federal bills aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? What is the name of the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association? What type of husbandry has antibiotics been used in? When was the US Food and Drug Administration raised the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock? When did the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? What were treatments for infections primarily based on before the early 20th century? How long ago were mixes with antimicrobial properties described? What did ancient cultures use to treat infections? What does 'antibiosis' mean? Who introduced the term 'antibiosis'? How many times had the effects of mold on infection been noticed over the course of history? Who noticed the same effect in a Petri dish in 1928? What was the history of penicillin? What did Fleming believe the effect of penicillin could be exploited for? What was the name of the first commercially available antibacterial? Who developed the first sulfonamide? Who developed the first sulfonamide? In what year did Domagk receive the Nobel Prize for Medicine? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? In what year did Rene Dubos discover the first naturally derived antibiotic? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? Who discovered the first naturally derived antibiotic? What was the name of the first commercially manufactured antibiotic? When did Florey and Chain purify the first penicillin? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who determined the chemical structure of penicillin? What do Vaccines rely on? What have been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What are attenuated whole cells or lysates? What is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? What type of bacteria does phages infect? What is one of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens? What group reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? How many antibiotics are currently in phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials? In what year did theIDSA report that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? What is a potential improvement in clinical trial regulations? What could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in ADAPT? What is the ADAPT Act? Who is the senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts? What type of composer was Chopin born? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? What did Chopin write for? Where was Chopin born? When did Chopin leave Poland? When was Chopin born? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? Where was Chopin born? What did Chopin write for? When did Chopin leave Poland? When was Chopin born? Who was Chopin born? What did Chopin write for? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? When was Chopin born? Where was Chopin born? When did Chopin leave Poland? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? When was Chopin born? How old was Chopin at the age of 21? How many public performances did Chopin give? In what year did Chopin obtain French citizenship? What country did Chopin visit in 1838-1939? Why did Chopin die in Paris in 1849? Where did Chopin settle at the age of 21? How many public performances did Chopin give? Who did Chopin form a friendship with? In what year did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who did Chopin have a failed engagement with in 1835? How old was Chopin at the age of 21? How many public performances did Chopin give? In what year did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who supported Chopin in his last years? In what year did Chopin obtain French citizenship? Who supported Chopin in his last years? Why did Chopin die in Paris in 1849? What are Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What are some of Chopin's influences on his compositional style? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? Where was Chopin a frequent guest? What are Chopin's compositions? What concept did Chopin create? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? What are some of Chopin's influences on his compositional style? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? What are Chopin's compositions? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? What were Chopin's own performances noted for? What are some of Chopin's influences on his compositional style? What are Chopin's compositions? What type of lyrics did Chopin write? Where was Chopin a frequent guest? What is Chopin's association with political insurrection? What have Chopin's love life and his early death made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? What has Chopin been a symbol of? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? In what country did Chopin compose most of his works? What is Chopin's association with? What has Chopin been a symbol of? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? What is Chopin's association with? What has Chopin been a symbol of? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? When was Fryderyk Chopin born? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? How many miles west of Warsaw was Fryderyk Chopin born? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When was Fryderyk Chopin born? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When was Fryderyk Chopin born? When did the composer and his family use the birthdate? What is the Latin form of Fryderyk Chopin? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? Who did Nicolas Chopin marry in 1806? When was Fryderyk baptized? Who did Nicolas Chopin tutor? Who was Fryderyk's father? When did Nicolas Chopin emigrate to Poland? Who did Nicolas Chopin marry in 1806? Who was Fryderyk's godfather? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek's elder sister? Who was Fryderyk's father? When did Nicolas Chopin emigrate to Poland? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? Where did Fryderyk live? What did Fryderyk play? What was Chopin prone to in early childhood? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk's father teach French? What did Fryderyk play? What did Fryderyk's mother play? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? What did Fryderyk play? What did Fryderyk's mother play? Where did Fryderyk live? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? How many polonaises did Fryderyk compose in 1817? In what year did Fryderyk compose a polonaise in A-flat major? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? When was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Kazimierz Palace reestablished? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? What was the name of the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What was the name of the eclogue that Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz wrote? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Who played the piano for the Duke? What did Fryderyk play for the Duke? Who wrote "Nasze Przebiegi"? What was the name of the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? Who played the piano for the Duke? What did Fryderyk play for the Duke? Who wrote "Nasze Przebiegi"? What year did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? Who presented Chopin with a diamond ring? When did Chopin perform his Rondo Op. 1? Who did Chopin receive organ lessons from during his first year at the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? Who presented Chopin with a diamond ring? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? Who did Chopin receive organ lessons from during his first year at the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer? What was Chopin's mechanical organ called? Who presented Chopin with a diamond ring? When did Chopin perform his Rondo Op. 1? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What did Chopin's family do with their spoofing of Warsaw newspapers? What did Chopin's family spoof? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What type of music did Chopin encounter for the first time? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? What title did Chopin give to Szafarnia? Who was Chopin a guest of in 1824 and 1825? In what year did Chopin's youngest sister die? Where did Chopin live until he left Warsaw in 1830? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? In what century did the Chopin Family Parlour become a museum? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? In what year did Chopin's youngest sister die? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? Who was Chopin's youngest sister? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the name of the Parlour that became a museum in the 20th century? Who executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members? Who did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin's singing student? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin's singing student? What was the name of Chopin's Piano Concerto? When was Chopin's final Conservatory report published? Who were the boarders at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin's singing student? Who did Woyciechowski belong to? What was the name of Chopin's Piano Concerto? How many boarders were at Chopin's parents' apartments? Who was Chopin's zoologist? Who directed the operas of Chopin? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? What was Chopin's major for cello and piano? Who did Chopin visit Berlin in 1828? Who was Chopin's zoologist? Who directed the operas of Chopin? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? What was Chopin's major for cello and piano? What year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who was Chopin's zoologist? Who directed operas by Gaspare Spontini? Who directed the operas of Chopin? When did Chopin return to Berlin? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? When did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? When did Chopin premiere his Piano Concerto No. 2? What was the name of the variation that Chopin composed in Warsaw? Where did Chopin make his debut? Where did Chopin premiere his Piano Concerto No. 2? When did Chopin return to Warsaw? What did Chopin say he was accustomed to? Who played the violin in Warsaw? Where did Chopin make his debut? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? How many weeks after his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? When did Chopin return to Poland to enlist? What country did Chopin go to with Woyciechowski? When did Chopin return to Poland to enlist? Who ascribes Chopin's maturing to an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland? Who ascribes Chopin's maturing to an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland? Who did Chopin go to Austria? What country did Chopin intend to go on to? When did Chopin return to Poland to enlist? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to? Who did Chopin go to Austria? When did Chopin return to Poland to enlist? What did Chopin write to a friend? When did Chopin learn that the uprising had been crushed? Who was Chopin one of many expatriates of? What language did Chopin use in France? When did Chopin receive French citizenship? Who did Chopin remain close to in exile? Who did Chopin become expatriates of? When did Chopin arrive in Paris? What was Chopin one of many expatriates of? When did Chopin receive French citizenship? Who was Chopin's biographer? What country did Chopin never return to? What language did Chopin use? What language did Chopin use in France? Who was Chopin's biographer? What was Chopin one of many expatriates of? Where did Chopin meet artists and other distinguished figures? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What was Adam Mickiewicz's verses? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who did Chopin become acquainted with during his years in Paris? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who was Adam Mickiewicz? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who became Chopin's adviser in Paris? What role did Grzymaa play in Chopin's life? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? How many Polish friends were to play important roles in Chopin's life in Paris? What country did Julian Fontana try to establish himself in? What country did Julian Fontana try to establish himself in? Who became Chopin's adviser in Paris? Who became Chopin's adviser in Paris? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Where was Julian Fontana from? Who reviewed the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung? When did Chopin give a concert at Salle Pleyel? What was Chopin's keyboard technique not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Chopin no longer depend on? Who reviewed the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung? When did Chopin give a concert at Salle Pleyel? Who was Chopin introduced to in 1831? When did Chopin receive the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary? What was Chopin's keyboard technique not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Chopin earn in the winter of 1832? What did Chopin prefer playing at his own Paris apartment? What did Chopin perform on? Where did Chopin give a single annual concert? Who wrote the sixth variation on Bellini's theme? Who did Chopin contract with in 1833? Who was Chopin's pupil? What did Chopin prefer to play at his own Paris apartment? Who performed on pianos? Who did Chopin contract with in 1833? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Who was the director of the Academy of Art? Who was the director of the Academy of Art? Where did Chopin go in 1835? Where did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where did Chopin go in 1835? When did Chopin travel to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodziski family? Who was the mother of the Wodziski? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn? Who was Schadow director of? What was the name of the daughter that Chopin met in Poland? Who did Chopin say he had met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, and Kalkbrenner? What did Chopin say about Liszt? Who was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut? When was Chopin's Parisian debut? Who did Chopin say he had met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, and Kalkbrenner? Where was Chopin's Parisian debut? Where did Chopin live? Where did Chopin and Liszt live? How many times did Chopin and Liszt perform together? Who played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? On what date did Chopin and Liszt perform together? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where was the Hôtel de France located? How many times did Chopin and Liszt perform together? Who played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet? What were the qualities of the two men's friendship? What did the biographers of Chopin believe he had become enchanted with? What did Chopin remark that he should play music as written or not play it at all? What did Chopin refer to him as in his letters dated as late as 1848? Who was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was the obsession with Chopin? Who was the devotee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was the devotee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? Who was the obsession with Chopin? Who did Chopin write to to rob Liszt of the way he plays his studies? Who did Chopin think Liszt had a growing relationship with? Who hosted the party in 1836? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Who was the author of George Sand? What was George Sand's poor health thought to be influenced by? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who hosted the party in 1836? In what year did Maria Wodziska's mother make it clear to Chopin that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed? What did Chopin write in Polish? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Where did Chopin visit in 1837? What did Chopin's association with Sand begin? How old was Sand? What did the two of Sand's children do in Majorca? What was the name of the monastery in Majorca? Who was Camille Pleyel? What was the name of the piano maker that Chopin played at? How old was Sand when he visited London incognito? Who was Sand's former lover? What was the name of the former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? When did Chopin visit London incognito? What did the two of Sand's children do in Majorca? How many children did Sand's children have in Majorca? Who was the former lover of Sand? What was the name of the former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? How many doctors have visited Chopin? What was Chopin's Pleyel piano sent to him? Where did Chopin's Preludes arrive? How many doctors have visited Chopin in December? On what date did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin complain about? What was Chopin's Pleyel piano sent to him? On what date did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What was Chopin's Pleyel piano sent to him? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? Who did Sand sell the piano to to avoid customs duties? Where did the Canuts travel to? Where did the Canuts return to in 1839? Where did Sand move to in 1842? Who did Sand sell the piano to to avoid customs duties? Where did the Canuts travel to? Where did the Canuts return to in 1839? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Where did Sand move to in 1842? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? What was the name of the French couple that sold the piano to the Canuts? Where did the Canuts travel to? Where did Sand move to in 1842? Where did the Canuts return to in 1839? What composition was composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution? What was the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution? Where was Adolphe Nourrit cremated? Where did Chopin make a rare appearance at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What transcription did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Where was Adolphe Nourrit cremated? Who lied Die Gestirne? What composition was composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution? What was the name of the composition of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was Chopin's Polonaise in A-flat major? Who was the mezzo-soprano at Nohant? When did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant? What did Chopin advise on during the summers at Nohant? Who was the mezzo-soprano at Nohant? Who was the mezzo-soprano of Nohant? Who was the mezzo-soprano of Nohant? What year did Chopin show signs of serious illness? Who did Chopin write to after a solo recital in Paris? What was Chopin's seventh Symphony arrangement? What did Chopin play for his visitor? What type of epilepsy did Chopin suffer from? What year did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What arrangement did Chopin decline to participate in? What type of epilepsy did Chopin suffer from? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What were Chopin's mouth and tonsils aching so much? Who did Chopin decline a written invitation to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's? Who visited Chopin in 1844? What type of epilepsy did Chopin suffer from? Who was Solange's fiancé? What was Chopin indifferent to? What was Chopin's name? What was the name of Sand's novel? Who wrote Lucrezia Floriani? What year did Chopin's relationship with Sand end? Who was Solange's fiancé? What was the name of Sand's novel? Who was Auguste Clésinger? What did Sand call Chopin's "third child"? What was the name of Sand's novel? Who wrote Lucrezia Floriani? How many mazurkas did Chopin write in 1844? What were Chopin's mazurkas more refined than many of his earlier compositions? How many works did Chopin write in 1841? How many works did Chopin write in 1842? How many mazurkas did Chopin write in 1844? How many works did Chopin write in 1842? How many shorter pieces did Chopin write in 1843? How many mazurkas did Chopin write in 1845? When did Chopin give his last Paris concert? Who gave Chopin's last Paris concert? When did Chopin give his last Paris concert? Who gave Chopin's last Paris concert? What caused Chopin to struggle financially? Who gave Chopin's last Paris concert? How many movements did Chopin give his last Paris concert? What was Chopin's life covered in? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What was Chopin's life covered in? What documentary covered Chopin's life? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? Who realised Chopin's life in 2010? What film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award for his portrayal of the composer? Who was the Best Actor in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? When was La valse de l'adieu released? Who played Chopin in Impromptu? Who was the best actor for Chopin's role in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? What film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award for his portrayal of the composer? Who was the Best Actor in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? Who was Chopin? Who played Chopin in Impromptu? In what year was Chopin produced? Who wrote Chopin? Who wrote Chopin? What was the name of the operatic version of Chopin? What was the name of the opera that was the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life? Who wrote Chopin? In what year was Chopin produced? Who wrote Chopin? Who wrote a sonnet on Chopin? Which French writers on Chopin have included Marcel Proust and André Gide? What year did Leon Ulrich write Chopin's sonnet? Who wrote a sonnet on Chopin? In what year did Leon Ulrich write Chopin's sonnet? In what language is Chopin biographies found? How long is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? Who organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? How long is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? What was the earliest recording by Paul Pabst? Who performed the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? Who notes that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era?" In what year did Paul Pabst perform the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2? Who gives a select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin? What is the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How long is the International Chopin Piano Competition held in Warsaw? How many performances of Chopin's music were listed on the Fryderyk Chopin Institute? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? How many societies does the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland list on its website? How many performances of Chopin's music were listed on the Fryderyk Chopin Institute? Who choreographed Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? What title did Chopiniana use for later productions? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? Who choreographed Chopiniana? Who choreographed Chopin's music? Who choreographed Chopiniana? Who orchestrated Chopiniana? What title did Les Sylphides use? Where did Stirling leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who suggested Stirling's tour? Where did Stirling leave during the Revolution of 1848? Who was Jane Stirling's pupil? Who suggested Stirling's tour? When did Stirling leave London? Who was Jane Stirling's pupil? Where did Chopin take lodgings? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? Where was Chopin's first engagement? Who was Chopin's first audience at Stafford House? On what date did Chopin share his platform with Viardot? Where did Chopin take lodgings? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? Who was Chopin's first audience at Stafford House? What was Chopin sought after for? Who sang arrangements of some of Chopin's mazurkas to Spanish texts? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Who was the Polish physician in 1848? What country did Jane Stirling visit in late summer? Where did Chopin give a public concert? What did Stirling write out in 1848? When did Chopin make his last public appearance? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who did Chopin play for? What stage was Chopin ill? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? Who did Chopin sing for his friends? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Who secretly subsidised Chopin's rent in Chaillot? When did Chopin return to Paris? Who did Chopin sing for his friends? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Who visited Chopin in June 1849? What year was Chopin visited by Jenny Lind? What year did Chopin's sister come to Paris? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Who was Chopin's sister? Who was Chopin's sister? Who loaned Chopin an apartment at Place Vendôme 12? What did Viardot say all the grand Parisian ladies considered to faint in his room? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Chopin say he was suffering? Who made Chopin's death mask? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? Who made Chopin's death mask? What did Chopin's death certificate give the cause of his death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What has been denied by the Polish government? What did Chopin's death certificate give the cause of his death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What type of fibrosis has been advanced? Who denied the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Where was the funeral procession? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? What is the name of Chopin's tombstone? How much did the expenses of Chopin's tombstone amount to? Who paid for the return of Chopin's sister to Warsaw? Where did Jane Stirling take Chopin's heart in an urn? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? How much did the expenses of Chopin's tombstone amount to? Who paid for the return of Chopin's sister to Warsaw? Who took Chopin's heart back to Poland in 1850? How many letters did Ludwika take from Chopin? How many works of Chopin survive? What is one of Chopin's known works? How many works of Chopin survive? What type of music does Chopin play? Who was Chopin educated in? Who was Chopin educated in? Who were the two most important composers in shaping Chopin's musical outlook? Who was Chopin educated in the tradition of Beethoven? Who invented the salon genre of the nocturne? What was Chopin the first to write as individual concert pieces? What was the name of the salon genre Chopin created? What was Chopin the first to write as individual concert pieces? What concept did Chopin use to create a new genre? Who developed the concert étude in the 1820s and 1830s? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? What did Chopin's mazurkas originate from? What are Chopin's waltzes often at faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents? What type of music did Chopin's mazurkas have? What was Chopin's mazurka written for? What did Chopin put the mazurka on the European musical map? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? How many waltzes were Chopin's mazurkas written for? What is the name of Chopin's piece? What was the name of Chopin's piece? What is the third movement of Chopin's Sonata No. 2? What is the third movement of Chopin's Sonata No. 2? What was the name of Chopin's piece? What was the name of the piece Chopin wrote? What was Chopin's last opus number? Who selected 23 unpublished piano pieces? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What was Chopin's last opus number? Who selected 23 unpublished piano pieces? In what year did Chopin write 17 Polish songs? Who is the Kobylaska Catalogue named for? In what year did Chopin's works receive alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? What is the name of the alternative catalogue designation for Chopin's works? What is the Kobylaska Catalogue? What are the initials of the Kobylaska Catalogue? What is the name of Krystyna Kobylaska? Who published the first collected edition of Chopin's works? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? Who were Chopin's original publishers? What was the name of the first collected edition of Chopin's works? What was the name of Paderewski's version of Chopin's works? Who edited the Polish "National Edition"? Who writes that improvisation is designed for an audience? What is an important aspect of Chopin's individuality? Who writes that improvisation is designed for an audience? Who wrote that improvisation is designed for an audience? What is an important aspect of Chopin's individuality? What Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody? How many ballades and scherzos stand supreme? What is the extended form of the Barcarolle Op. 60? What type of features do Chopin's mazurkas show? What type of form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes all in? Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in what form? What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas use? What is a great rarity in music? How long are Chopin's polonaises? Who were Chopin's Polish teachers? What do Chopin's polonaises typically display in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences? What type of technique do Chopin's polonaises require? How many nocturnes are more structured? What are the middle sections of the Chopin nocturnes marked by? Who met Chopin in 1833? In what year did Field meet Chopin? How many nocturnes are more structured? What is Chopin's ternary form? What is Chopin's ternary form? What is Chopin's ternary form? What is the name of J.S. Bach's prelude? Who suggests Chopin's preludes were used as generic preludes to others of his pieces? What are some of the preludes that are very brief? What is the name of J.S. Bach's work? What were Chopin's preludes used as? Who recorded a recording of Chopin's preludes in 1922? How many sonatas are in Op. 58? Who wrote the Op. 58 sonata? How many sonatas are in Op. 58? What movement was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries? What is the name of the two mature piano sonatas? Who uses modal harmony? What is Chopin's use of modal harmony? What does Temperley say in his works "novel harmonic effects often result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment"? What was Chopin's style based on? Who wrote of a recital given by Chopin in 1841? What was Chopin's style based on? Who was the "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? What did Chopin use to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who was the "one worthy successor" among his compatriots? Who was devoted to the music of Chopin? Who drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer? Who wrote that modern concert performance style was set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools? What did Chopin avoid in performance? What type of procedures did Chopin avoid incorrectly attributed to him? What did Bellman say to a pupil that "concerts are never real music"? In what year did Berlioz write that Chopin created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that Chopin created a kind of chromatic embroidery? What is the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect? What is the practice of disregarding in Chopin's music? What is the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect? What did Rosen say that most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas? Who was the pupil of Chopin? Who was the pupil of Chopin? What was Friederike Müller's most severe criticism? What has Chopin been credited with introducing to music a new sense of? What year did Schumann review the piano concertos? What was Schumann's view of the piano concertos? What did Schumann say the Poles are in deep mourning after the failure of the November 1830 rising? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? What are Chopin's mazurkas and polonaises? Who wrote a review of the piano concertos in 1836? What are Chopin's works cannon buried in? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Who suggested that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than folk music? Who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms? Who impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works? What did Chopin's music symbolize? What did others find Poles a source of strength in their continuing struggle for? What did Chopin's music symbolize? Who suggested that Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? Who were some of Chopin's romantic contemporaries? Where did Chopin arrive in 1831? Who suggested that Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? What was the name of the piece that Schumann named for Chopin? What was the name of Chopin's ballade? How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transcribe for? Who was deeply affected by Chopin's death? What was Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer? What was the name of the piece that Schumann named for Chopin? What was the name of Chopin's ballade? Who transcribed six of Chopin's Polish songs? What year did Debussy dedicate his own piano Études to the memory of Chopin? Who did Debussy edit Chopin's piano music? Who made recordings of Chopin's music? How many of Chopin's long-standing pupils were piano teachers? Who believe that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet? What did the Ming-Tibetan dynasty lack for warfare? In what year did the Yongle Emperor attempt to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? Who was the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school? Who was the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school? Who did Tibetan leaders conduct their own foreign diplomacy with during the Ming? Who used armed resistance against the Ming forays? Who were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama? Who established the Ganden Phodrang regime? When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated? When did the Tibetan Empire collapse? Who signed peace treaties with the Tang? What was the name of the treaty that fixed the borders between Tibet and China? What was Tibet once a strong power contemporaneous with? In what year was a peace treaty signed with the Tang? When was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China? When was the Song dynasty? How many documents did Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty? What dynasty was ruled by the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty? Who ruled Jin dynasty? Who conquered and subjugated the Tangut state of the Western Xia? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? When did gedei Khan die? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan? Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? Who was the regency of Töregene Khatun? When was the regency of Töregene Khatun? How many different states were ruled by myriarchies? Who was Kublai's superior? Who was Kublai's superior? Who was the 2nd Karmapa Lama? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? When was the Yuan dynasty? What dynasty was incorporated into the Yuan dynasty? What did Kublai Khan claim by the early 1260s? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? In what year was the Sakya viceregal regime overthrown? Who installed the Sakya viceregal regime? Who was the Phagmodru myriarch? What Dynasty gained rule over Tibet? Who established the Ming dynasty? What was the name of the Han Chinese revolt in 1368? Who established the Ming dynasty? When did the Hongwu Emperor rule? When did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys out to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who was the 4th Karmapa Lama? Who was the 4th Karmapa Lama? What link did the Hongwu Emperor have between Tibet and China? Who did Dorje send disciples to the court in Nanjing? What government enacted a law that forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism? What was the name of the Yongle Emperor? Who was the first Ming ruler to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? When did the Qing dynasty begin? When was the History of Ming compiled? What is the name of the Army-Civilian Marshal Office in western Tibet? How many Qianhu offices are there? Where was the "Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" installed? How many Princes of Dharma were appointed by the Ming court? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who was a former professor of the University of Washington? What does the History of Ming stand for? Who wrote that Tibet had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan? Who supports van Praag's position? Who are Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain? What did Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? When did Prince Punala go to Nanjing? What did lamas call themselves? What did the Ming dynasty issue to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? What did Laird compare the Mongols with? What did Laird say Wang and Nyima present in their Historical Status of China's Tibet? What was the name of the dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368? What does the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan dynasty as? Who dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity? Who explains that Kublai created government institutions that resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones? When did the Yuan dynasty of China rule? When was Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign? What was the name of the border market between China and Tibet during the Yuan? What ethnicity was given higher status than the Han Chinese majority? Who implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs? Who was the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office? What dynasty did the Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office govern? Where was Chen Qingying located? Who is the Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute? How many households did Qianhu have? How many households did Wanhu have? Who was the Tibetologist? What did the Ming emperors send invitations to? What did the Ming emperors send to ruling lamas? What is the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan? Who administered the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions? What title was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What is Wang and Nyima's Tibetan title? What did the Phagmodrupa Dynasty maintain? Who granted the official title "Education Minister"? Who is supposed to have written in his will? Who was the first leader of the Tibetan Empire to establish Tibet as a strong power? Who asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age"? Where is Lok-Ham Chan a professor of history? What did Changchub Gyaltsen want to remove? Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title "Initiation State Master"? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who gave the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys to? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama's hegemony over Tibet end? How many centuries did the 5th Dalai Lama's hegemony over Tibet last? What school did the Ming dynasty grant titles to? What did the Ming dynasty decline to receive titles? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? When was the first request by the Ming made? In what year did the Ming court send another embassy? Who did Tsongkhapa send to Nanjing in 1414? When did Tsongkhapa send his disciple Chosrje Shkya Yeshes to Nanjing? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? What did Laird say the Ming appointed titles to? What did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet? Who did the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch into Tibet in 1413? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor gain in 1413? What did the Yongle Emperor pay in return for tributes? What did the Gelug send to the Ming court until the 1430s? When did the Gelug send missions to the Ming court? What was the Gelug not mentioned in? What did the Ming court grant titles to? Who was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When was Rinpungpa born? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did the Ming dynasty exercise no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families? When was the Jianwen Emperor usurpated? Who aided the Yongle Emperor in his usurpation of the throne? What was the name of the father of Yao Guangxiao? When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court? Who did the Yongle Emperor dispatch to Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor seek out? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to? In what year did Deshin Shekpa travel to Nanjing? When did Deshin Shekpa visit Nanjing? Who did the Yongle Emperor greet? Who made a similar arrangement to Deshin Shekpa? Who was the Yongle Emperor? Where did the Yongle Emperor preside over religious ceremonies? Where was the Linggu Temple located? What title did Deshin Shekpa get during his stay in Nanjing? Who did Deshin Shekpa convince the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to? Who did Deshin Shekpa convince the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? What was Deshin Skekpa invited strictly for? What did Deshin Shekpa do before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? What did Deshin Shekpa do before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? Who persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? Who did Deshin Shekpa conflict with? Who aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule by providing him with portents and omens? What did Deshin Shekpa's miracles testify to? Who has failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? What type of artifacts symbolized the religious nature of the relationship? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? When was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor written? Who preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who wrote the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who was the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma? When did the Emperor's agent bring holy relics to the Ming court? What did the Ming court cut off in 1446? In what year did the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? When did Deshin Shekpa die? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with in 1446? What did the Yongle Emperor order to facilitate trade with Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor order the construction of a road and trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers to facilitate trade with Tibet? Where did the trade route pass through? What did Van Praag say the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What did the Ming award Tibetan tribute-bearers? What did the Silk workshops in the Ming offer to the Tibetan market? Who established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What were horses collected from Tibet as? What did the Ming dynasty trade horses with? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes? Who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony? What dynasty traded horses with Tibet? Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes? When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? Who was commissioned to quell unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan? How many Tibetan prisoners were captured by Mu Ying in 1379? How many Tibetan prisoners were captured by Mu Ying in 1379? Who was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390? What did the Mongols use as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Who used the Ordos region as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? What did the Mongols use as a rallying base to stage raids into? What did P. Christiaan Klieger argue the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas help stabilize? What policy did the Ming uphold after the Sakya regime had fallen? Why did the Ming uphold a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? What did Rossabi believe the Yongle Emperor failed to build a strong relationship with? What did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Who were the Rinpungpa leaders relatives of? In what year did the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa? What was the most important event in the Gelug? When did the Phagmodru ruler capture Lhasa? When was the Zhengde Emperor born? Who was the Zhengde Emperor? Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? What did Sperling think Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? What dynasty had no control over Tibet? In what century did Tibet become part of China? When did the Manchu Qing dynasty invade Tibet? When was the Qing dynasty? What did Kolma say Tibet was considered an organic part of China? Who upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? Who assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state? Where is the California Academy of Sciences located? Who established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongols? Who established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol convert to Tibetan Buddhism? When was Tibet incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? What dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? In what year was China Daily a CCP-controlled news organization? What dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? Who is the central government of Tibet? When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? What ideology was fully sponsored at the Ming court? Who discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court at this point? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era? Who was ascension of Jiajing? Who rejected the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? Who was the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment have a predisposed animosity towards? Who was ascension of Jiajing? What region was raided by the Tumed Mongols? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid the Ming Chinese frontier? What region did the Tumed Mongols raid? When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? Who was the third hierarch of the Gelug? What did Altan Khan abolish? Who were the Mongol princes and subjects coerced to convert to Gelug Buddhism? What did the Mongol princes and subjects face if they persisted in their shamanistic ways? Who did the Mongol princes request to bestow titles on them? Who did the Mongol princes begin requesting the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them? What did Rawski believe Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug could be interpreted as? Who was the great-grandson of Altan Khan? When did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? Who was granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan? Who granted Sonam Gyatso the grandiose title? Who was Zhang Juzheng? Who was Zhang Juzheng? What year did Sonam Gyatso die? Who was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What did China Daily say the dynasty showed Dalai Lama special favor? Who was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What title did the Qing emperor give to the fifth Dalai Lama? What title did the Qing emperor give to the fifth Dalai Lama? What title was granted to Yonten Gyatso? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? When was Yonten Gyatso granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? How did Yonten Gyatso die? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? What did the Mongols pounce on the chance to reclaim? In what year did the Mongols conquest Tibet? What was one of the reasons the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? When were the Rinbung princes overthrown? Who was the second successor of the first Tsang king? When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? Who did the Ü-Tsang king allied with? Who refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king? Who was the leader of the Khoshut tribe of the Oirat Mongols? What was Güshi Khan's role? Who was the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso? Who did Güshi Khan defeat in the Amdo and Kham regions? When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender? Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcoming ceremony for? What did Güshi Khan give to the Dalai Lama? Who did Güshi Khan give his conquest of Tibet? Who did Güshi Khan confer the actual governing authority to? Who organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso? Who was the leader of the Chinese Ming dynasty? Who accepted a Manchu invitation to send envoys to their capital at Mukden in 1642? Who invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing in 1652? Who attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet? Who was the Kangxi Emperor? When did the Kangxi Emperoroccupy Lhasa? In what year was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line of the iPod released? How many current versions of the iPod are there? What is the name of the iPod's portable media players? How many current versions of the iPod are there? When was the first line of the iPod released? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line of the iPod released? What is the name of the ultra-compact iPod? When were the most recent iPod redesigns announced? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What operating system does Apple Macintosh use to transfer music, photos, videos, games, and calendars? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What was used for the media player included with the iPh? What was the name of the media player that was included with the iPhone and iPad? When was the iPod branding used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad? When did iPhone sales overtook the iPod line? What is standardized across all iOS-powered products? What is the name of the processor that was upgraded to the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? When was a new model of the iPod Touch announced by Apple? What is the name of the processor that was upgraded to the sixth generation iPod Touch? When was a new model of the iPod Touch announced by Apple? When was the iPod released? When was the iPod released? What was the name of the company's hardware engineering chief? What was the name of the transistor radio that inspired the aesthetic of the iPod line? What does the Walkman of the twenty-first century mean? When was the iPod released? What does the Walkman of the twenty-first century mean? What was the name of the iPod product that was developed in less than one year? What was the name of the company's hardware engineering chief? What was the name of the Toshiba disk drive? What was the name of the company Apple contracted to help design and implement the user interface? What was replaced with Espy Sans? In what year did Apple change the iPod interface again? What was the name of the third-generation iPod Nano? Who did Pixo help design and implement the user interface? What was the name of Apple's reference platform? What was the name of the third-generation iPod Nano? In what year did Apple present a special edition for U2? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What was the first time Apple changed the colour of the metal? How many minutes of interviews and performance by U2 are available from the iTunes Store? What was the name of the Irish rock band Apple presented in 2006? What was the first time Apple changed the colour of the metal? In what year did Apple present a special edition for U2? What company did Apple file a lawsuit with in 2007? Who applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? What was Kane Kramer's name? When did Kane Kramer apply for a UK patent? What was Kane Kramer's name? What company did Apple file a lawsuit with in 2007? What was Kane Kramer's name? Who applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? Who proposed the name iPod? Who was Vinnie Chieco? What movie did Vinnie Chieco think of? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? When did Grasso assign the iPod to Apple Computer, Inc.? What movie did Vinnie Chieco think of? Who proposed the name iPod? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? In what year were several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? How many new color schemes were spotted in the latest version of iTunes? How many new color schemes were spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? What did the third-generation iPod have? What is the problem with high-impedance headphones? What is the problem with high-impedance headphones? What was the bass response of the third-generation iPod? What capacitors did the third-generation iPod have a weak bass response? What is the name of the EQ settings that would distort the bass sound? What are some EQ settings that would distort the bass sound? What does equalizer cause distortion on bass instruments? What was the name of the iPod that was released in 2006? What are some EQ settings that would distort the bass sound? Why did Apple introduce a user-configurable volume limit? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? In what country did Apple remove iPods from shelves for exceeding the legal limit? What is the maximum volume output level in the sixth-generation iPod? In what country did Apple remove iPods from shelves for exceeding the legal limit? What was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was included with the first four generations? What was used to update songs or recharge the battery? What is the name of the third generation iPod Shuffle? What is the name of the dock connector for the third generation iPod? What was the name of the fifth-generation iPod Classic? What is the name of the fourth-generation iPod Nano? What type of minijack does the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle use? What is the name of the third generation iPod Shuffle? What is the name of the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod? What does the 30-pin dock connector allow for? What type of connectivity did the third generation of iPods have? What is the name of the accessory Apple sells? Who manufacture most of the iPod's accessories? What did the dock connector allow the iPod to connect to? Why does the dock connector require paying royalties to Apple? Who manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi? What is the name of the accessory Apple sells? What is the name of the new 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the seventh generation iPod Nano? How many -pin dock connectors do older iPods, iPhones, and iPads use? How many -pin dock connectors did Apple introduce on September 12, 2012? What do Apple Lightning cables have on both sides of the plug? What is the name of the new 8-pin dock connector? What is the name of the fifth generation iPod Touch? What is another name for the iPod line? What is the name of the Nike+iPod pedometer? What are some of the first iPod accessory manufacturers? What do some accessories add to the iPod line? What is the name of the Nike +iPod pedometer? Who makes the iPod Hi-Fi? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? In what year did Apple announce that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands? What type of connectivity does Scion offer? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What type of connectivity does Scion offer? What type of integration solutions do some independent stereo manufacturers have? What type of transmitters are illegal in some countries? What are some alternative connection methods? What type of transmitters are illegal in some countries? What are some alternative connection methods? How many major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? How do passengers view video and music libraries on iPod seat-back displays? Who were reported to be part of the deal with Apple? How many major airlines reached agreements to install iPod seat connections? When did four major airlines reach agreements to install iPod seat connections? What is the name of the iPod line? What is the name of the iPod's photo file format? What audio format does Apple not support? What is the name of the converter for WMA files that Apple does not support? What did iPod software work with? What is another name for the iPod line? What is the name of the iPod's photo file format? How many host computers is an iPod associated with during installation? Where can song ratings be set on an iPod and synchronized later to? What is an iPod associated with during installation? How many buttons does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What is an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle use? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? How many buttons does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What is another name for the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to? When was the iTunes Store introduced? What is the name of the online media store that is run by Apple? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the iTunes Store? When did full-length movies become available? When was the iTunes Store introduced? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the iTunes Store? When did full-length movies become available? What format was used to purchase audio files? How many computers could play the files? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? When did Apple announce that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog? What year was DRM removed from all music? What format was used to purchase audio files? How many computers could play the files with the FairPlay DRM system? What category did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? When did Apple announce that DRM was removed from 80% of the music catalog? What are examples of stores that use DRM? Who can't play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies? What is the name of Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM? What did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? When did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What was the name of the Media Event that Applebuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store released? What is the name of the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library? How are video games played on iPods? What was the original iPod's game called? Who invented Brick? How many more games were added to the original iPod? What was the name of the easter egg on the original iPod? What was the original iPod's game called? How many more games were added to the original iPod? When did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What was the name of the iTunes Store's new games? What is the name of the 5th generation iPod Nano? What is the name of the 4th generation iPod Nano? When did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What was the name of the fifth generation iPod with software 1.2 or later? What is the name of the third party that makes games for the iPod? What market has Apple's MP3 player taken steps towards? What video game magazines have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late? What is the name of the files that are actually.zip archives in disguise? What are.ipg files? What does SDK stand for? What is the SDK compatible with? What is the name of the files that are actually.zip archives in disguise? What are apps produced with the SDK compatible with? What has Apple not released a software development kit for iPod-specific development? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of media can iTunes 7 transfer to a computer? Who can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer? What is the name of the folder that is stored on an iPod? What can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown? What can be recovered by copying the files or folders off an iPod? In what year did Apple face two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What are the names of the online music stores that were defendants in the 2005 lawsuit? Who did Pat-rights claim Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to? What company claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What was the name of the IP portfolio company that filed a lawsuit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse? What is the name of the patent that Apple applied to the United States Patent and Trademark Office? In what year did Creative Technology announce it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? What was Creative Technology's name for the music selection interface used by the iPod line? Who did Creative ask to investigate if Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States? What is the name of the patent that Apple applied to the United States Patent and Trademark Office? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? On what date did Apple and Creative announce a broad settlement to end their legal disputes? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much will Apple pay for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? When did the iPod line dominate digital music player sales in the US? What was the iPod market share in January 2007? What was the iPod market share in January 2007? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? How much of the market for hard drive-based players is the iPod line? What was the iPod market share in July 2005? When did HP announce they would sell HP-branded iPods? What company announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What was the name of the new retail channel that Hewlett-Packard used to sell HP-branded iPods? How much of all iPod sales did HP make up? Why did HP stop selling iPods? What is Hewlett-Packard? How many iPods did Apple sell on April 9, 2007? What percentage of the revenue was made from iPod sales? What is the name of the other Apple products that users are likely to purchase? What was Apple's second quarter revenue in 2007? When was Apple's iPod sold? What percentage of the revenue was made from iPod sales? What was Apple's quarterly revenue in 2007? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from desktop sales? What was Apple's revenue in 2007? How much money did Apple have in cash and no debt? What was Apple's revenue in 2007? On what date did Apple report the best quarter revenue and earnings in the history of Apple? What was Apple's net quarterly profit in 2008? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? Who was Apple's CFO in June 2009? Who was the keynote speaker at the Apple Event? What percentage of total revenue did Apple report in 2008? How many iPods did Phil Schiller announce at the Apple Event? In what year was a new model not introduced onto the market? What is the fourth best computer product of 2006? What kind of reviews do iPods receive? Who play AAC files rather than WMA? What is the name of a mobile phone that plays AAC files rather than WMA? What company says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players"? Who play AAC files rather than WMA? What company says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players"? What type of device has the iPod been accepted as? What is the purpose of the iPod line? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? What university provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? Who put the iPod on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? What university provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? Who put the iPod on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to? What has the iPod been credited with? What does the iPod's popularization of? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to? How many hours of music playback does the fifth generation 30 GB iPod have? What was an MP3.com report that was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions? In what year were class action lawsuits brought against Apple? What is the advertised battery life on most models? How many hours did a writer for MP3.com get from an iPod? What kind of vendors did Apple use to replace iPod batteries? What was the official policy that the customer should buy? What does lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use? What type of batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user? What does lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use? What did Apple announce on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of the battery replacement program? What kind of tools are needed for the iPod Nano? What type of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? When did Apple announce a battery replacement program? What was the initial cost of the battery replacement program? What is the name of the iPod that Apple offered a battery replacement program? Why were affected iPod Nanos sold between September 2005 and December 2006? What program did Apple recommend that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using? What have iPods been criticized for? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? When did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? What did Apple begin shipping iPods with? What was the failure rate for iPods with flash memory? What did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? Who reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What did some of the plant's labour practices meet? How many consecutive days did employees work? What tabloid reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What percentage of the time did employees work over 60 hours a week? What was the name of the workplace standards auditing company Apple hired? What group did Apple join to oversee the measures? What company initially denied the abuses? Where was the Foxconn factory located? What company initially denied the abuses? What was the name of the workplace standards auditing company Apple hired? When did workers at the Foxconn factory form a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions? When did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? When did a Foxconn employee die? When did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? What can create more jobs overseas than domestically? What file system format does an iPod use to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer? What format is used when an iPod is formatted on Windows? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game? What is the name of the thirteenth installment in the Legend of Zelda series? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released? When was the GameCube version released? Who developed and published the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess originally planned for release on the GameCube? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm? What does Link try to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by? What is the name of the mysterious creature that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the mysterious creature that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What is the alternate timeline of the Twilight Realm? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? Which Nintendo label rereleased the Wii version in 2011? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? Who was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series? How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive? In what year was Twilight Princess the most critically acclaimed game? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess focused on? What is the basic control scheme for the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the name of the system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking? What does Link use in combat? What is the Clawshot similar to? What is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the basic control scheme for the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What does Link use in combat? What is the name of the system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking? What is the context-sensitive button mechanic? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic show? What does the context-sensitive button cause Link to throw if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy? What is the context-sensitive button mechanic? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic show? What does the Wii version of the game use? What is the name of the game's trademark? What does the Wii version of the game use? What type of gestures are used to trigger Link's attacks? How many of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time? What does the Wii Remote use? What does the Wii version of the game use? How many dungeons does Link have? How many dungeons does Link battle? How are the dungeons connected? What is the name of Link's horse? How many dungeons does Link battle enemies? What does Link fight at the end of the dungeons? How are the dungeons connected? How does Link move faster than he does as a human? What does Link do when he enters the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the enemy ghosts that Link can hunt for? What is the name of a small imp-like creature that gives Link hints, uses an energy field to attack enemies and helps him jump long distances? What does "Wolf Link" move faster than he does as a human? How does Link move faster than he does as a human? What is Midna? What is Poes? What is AI more advanced than in The Wind Waker? What is the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess more advanced than that of enemies in? What do Enemies react to? What is AI more advanced than in The Wind Waker? What can Enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games? How are the emotions and responses indicated in the Zelda game? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? What does Link do when attacking or injured? How are the emotions and responses indicated in the Zelda game? What character has the most voice acting? Who sampled the phonemes of English phrases? What is the name of the youth who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village? What do Bulblins carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight? What is the name of the imp-like Twilight? What does Link collect as a wolf to recover the Spirits' lost light? Where is Link working as a ranch hand? Who attacks the village of Ordon Village? What does Link collect as a wolf to recover the Spirits' lost light? What is the name of the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? Who ambushed Midna's Shadows? What does Link need to return to human form? Who does Link bring a dying Midna to? What are the Zoras of Lanayru? What is the name of the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? Who ambushed Midna's Shadows? What does Link need to return to human form? Who does Link bring a dying Midna to? What did Link get after gaining the Master Sword? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? Where did Link and Midna find Ganondorf? How does Ganondorf fight Link? What did Link get after gaining the Master Sword? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? What does Ganondorf transform into? What did Ganondorf crush? Where is Link shown leaving as Hyrule Castle is rebuilt? Where does Midna teleport Link and Zelda? What did Link throw into Ganondorf's chest? Who assisted Ganondorf on horseback? Who teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle to hold him off with the Fused Shadows? What did Ganondorf crush? What did Midna destroy after Bidding farewell to Link and Zelda? In what year did Nintendo announce that The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? What conference did Eiji Aonuma attend? What did Nintendo of America tell Aonuma that the sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? What did Eiji Aonuma advise Aonuma to do in Ocarina of Time? In what year did Nintendo announce that The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? Who was the director of the Game Developers Conference in 2003? What did Eiji Aonuma advise Aonuma to do in Ocarina of Time? How many months did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? In what year was The Wind Waker released? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker? In what year was The Wind Waker released? What did Link transform into in the Dark World of A Link to the Past? What game did Aonuma directed for the Game Boy Advance? What was the name of the Wii's code? Who thought the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? Who created the script for the story scenes in A Link to the Past? What did Miyamoto believe the Revolution's pointing device was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? What was the name of the interface that Aonuma developed for the bow and arrow? How many versions would Aonuma develop? Who felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end? How many versions would Aonuma develop? What was the name of the game that Nintendo released at E3 2005? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What was the name of the Nintendo DS game card that had a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? When did Nintendo release a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What did the prototype use to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint? What British publication claimed that when a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? What was the name of the controller that did not make it into the GameCube release? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? How long was the GameCube release pushed back to? What British publication claimed that when a gameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? What did demo users complain about? What did the new item system require? What did E3 attendees say they would like to see? What was the problem of using a right-handed swing to control a left-handed sword attack? What did Aonuma focus on? Who composed Twilight Princess's score? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who conducted the orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? What was Kondo's preference for live instruments? How many people did Kondo envision a full orchestra for action sequences? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? How manytrack versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006? What was Kondo's idea of using orchestral music for other tracks in the game? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack released? How manytrack versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006? What vulnerability was discovered in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What is the name of the executable and Linkable Format program in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What version of the Wii Menu patched the buffer overflow vulnerability? What exploit was developed after the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What version of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console until circumvention methods were discovered? What version of the Wii Menu patched the buffer overflow vulnerability? What media company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD is being developed for what? When was the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD announced? Where will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released? What is the name of the high-definition remaster of the Wii U? What media company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What features are included in the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? When is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD released? What figurine unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? Which two Zelda-related Amiibo figurines replenish arrows? What do Zelda and Sheik restore? What causes Link to take twice as much damage? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon that unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Who unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon that unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Which two Zelda-related Amiibo figurines replenish arrows? What do Zelda and Sheik restore? How many musical selections did a CD contain? How many musical selections did a CD contain? Where is the CD included? How many musical selections did a CD contain? What type of scores did Twilight Princess receive? What are the review aggregators of Twilight Princess? What did GameTrailers call Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? What kind of acclaim did Twilight Princess receive? What type of scores did Twilight Princess receive? What is the average score for the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What did GameTrailers call Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? What did IGN and GameSpy point out? Who said the Wii controls felt "tacked-on"? Who said the Wii controls felt "tacked-on"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? Who praised Twilight Princess for "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What did IGN and GameSpy point out? Who criticized Twilight Princess's MIDI-formatted songs for lacking the punch and crispness of their orchestrated counterparts? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What was the name of the game that Twilight Princess received? What ranking did Twilight Princess receive in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? What was the name of the best Wii game for Twilight Princess? Who ranked Twilight Princess as the third-best Wii game? Who gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story? What was Twilight Princess considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy? What ranking did Twilight Princess receive in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? What was the name of the best Wii game for Twilight Princess? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii? How many copies did Twilight Princess sell on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? Who illustrated Twilight Princess? What manga series is based on Twilight Princess? Who is the publisher of the manga series? What is the name of Shogakukan's mobile application? Who produced Spectre (2015)? Who is the director of Spectre (2015)? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film? What was Sam Mendes' second James Bond film? What is the budget for Spectre (2015)? How many James Bond films is Spectre (2015)? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? How many James Bond films is Spectre (2015)? Who distributes Spectre (2015)? Who directed Spectre (2015)? What is the name of the group Bond pitted against? What was the first Eon Productions film since 1971? What is the name of the recurring James Bond characters? Who is Mr. Hinx? Who are the new additions to Spectre? What is the name of the recurring James Bond characters? What is the name of the new James Bond characters? Who is Mr. Hinx? In what year was Diamonds Are Forever released? When was Spectre released? Where was Spectre released? When was Spectre released in the United States? What did Spectre receive praise for? What award did Spectre win for Best Original Song? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues? What was Spectre's theme song called? Who kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing? Who is the head of the Joint Intelligence Service? What country did Garreth Mallory campaign for to form alongside? What is the name of the global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states? Who promoted James Bond to M? Who kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing? Who is the head of the Joint Intelligence Service? What does Bond steal in the ensuing struggle? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? What is the name of the criminal organisation to which Lucia belonged? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who is Hinx? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Where does Bond travel to to attend Sciarra's funeral? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who is a Spectre assassin? Who is the leader of Spectre? What is White dying of? Who will take White to L'Américain? How does White commit suicide? Where does Bond locate Swann? Where is L'Américain located? What type of poisoning is White dying of? What is the name of White's daughter? Where is L'Américain located? Who abducted Swann? How do the two travel to the nearest station? Who was Oberhauser's father? Who did Oberhauser adopt the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld? Who did Oberhauser adopt the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld? Where is Bond taken to? What is the name of the disfigured person who takes Bond to the MI6 building? What does Blofeld's helicopter crash onto? Who is kidnapped by the Nine Eyes? What is the name of the group that Bond and Swann return to London? Who is kidnapped by the Nine Eyes? What was the name of the SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion? Who did Fleming and McClory dispute over the film rights to Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the remake of Thunderball? What was the second remake of Thunderball called? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the remake of Thunderball? What was the name of the film that Fleming and McClory contested in 1961? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as Spectre? What company was Danjaq, LLC? In what year did MGM and the McClory estate settle the issue with Danjaq, LLC? Who formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC? What did MGM acquire to the concept of Spectre? Who was the sister company of Eon Productions? What company was targeted by hackers in November 2014? Who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? In what year was Sony Pictures Entertainment targeted? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? Who played Franz Oberhauser? When was Spectre named as a temporary legal guardian of a young Bond? Who acquired the rights to Spectre and its associated characters? What was the name of the organisation that reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organisation? What is Hannes Oberhauser's background character in the short story? Who is shown to have been the guardian of a young Bond? What is Hannes Oberhauser's background character in the short story? Who played Franz Oberhauser? What was introduced in Quantum of Solace? Who played Franz Oberhauser in the film "Octopussy"? What is an MI6 safehouse called? Who wrote Colonel Sun? What short story is a reference to the MI6 safehouse? What is the name of the short story from the MI6 safehouse? What is the title character of Kingsley Amis' continuation novel Colonel Sun? What is an MI6 safehouse called? When was the main cast revealed? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? How many appearances did Daniel Craig return as James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Who reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who was cast in the role of Christoph Waltz? Who was cast as Mr. Hinx? Who was cast as Sévérine in Skyfall? What did Jesper Christensen say he would be reprising his role as? At what age did Monica Bellucci join the cast as Lucia Sciarra? Who was cast as Sévérine in Skyfall? What was Jesper Christensen's role in Quantum of Solace? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico in February 2015? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? Who was cast as Estrella? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? What was Stephanie Sigman's role? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? Who returned as the film's production designer? Who took over from Hoyte van Hoytema? What two films did Mendes direct? What was the name of the film that Mendes directed? What was the name of the film that Mendes directed? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? How many Bond films did John Logan and Neal Purvis return for? What were some of the filming locations that Mendes confirmed? On what film stock did Van Hoytema shoot the film? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8, 2014? How long did the filming take at Pinewood Studios? On what film stock did Van Hoytema shoot the film? Where did Mendes reveal that production would begin on December 8, 2014? When did filming begin in Austria? When did filming in Austria conclude? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? What was Craig's knee sprained whilst shooting a fight scene? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? What is the name of the private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps? What glacier was filmed in Austria in December 2014? What was the name of the location of the shoot? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? How many electric engines did the C-X75 have? Where was Blenheim Palace located? What was the name of the Ponte Sisto bridge? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? In what city was the Day of the Dead filmed? Where was the Day of the Dead filmed? Where was the Day of the Dead filmed? How many giant skeletons were required to film the Day of the Dead? Where did the film's second unit move to? Where was the Day of the Dead filmed? What was the name of the helicopter that was flown by Chuck Aaron? Where was the Day of the Dead filmed? Where was Craig flown to after filming in Mexico? On what date did Craig return to filming at Pinewood Studios? Where was Craig flown to after filming in Mexico? Where were scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot at night? Who was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke used for filming? Where did filming take place in London on May 17, 2015? Where were scenes shot on the river near MI6's headquarters? Where were scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot at night? Who was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke used for filming? Where were scenes involving Fiennes shot? At what time were scenes involving Craig and Seydoux shot? Where did the filming in Morocco take place? What is the Guinness World Record for? Who credited the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How long did the wrap-up party for Spectre take? Where did production travel to in June? What is the Guinness World Record for? How long did the wrap-up party for Spectre take? Who credited the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How much money did the film receive for the film? Who was the producer of Skyfall? What country did the production of Skyfall attempt to obtain permits to shoot the pre-title sequence? Where did the production of Skyfall move to? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released? When was the soundtrack album released? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released? What did Thomas Newman work during filming? In what year was the trailer released? What was Sam Smith's title theme? How many sessions did Sam Smith and Napes have? What did Sam Smith and Napes do before recording a demo? Who wrote "Writing's on the Wall"? When was Adele's "Skyfall" released? What was Adele's song called? Who was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What band composed a song for the film? Who wrote "Skyfall"? Who was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What band composed a song for the film? Who unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film? What was the official car for the DB10? What did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the Mexican Grand Prix? What were the remaining two used for? What was the official car for the DB10? What logo did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the Mexican Grand Prix? What did Skyfall release on Eon's official social media accounts? What film produced still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? What was the name of Eon's official social media accounts? What film produced still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? Who wrote the sketch for Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? When was the first teaser trailer for Spectre released? When did the cast and crew appear in a sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Red Nose Day? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Where was Spectre's world premiere? When was Spectre's world premiere? What company did IMAX announce that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas? What film did Paramount Pictures release to avoid competing with Spectre? What film did Paramount Pictures release to avoid competing with Spectre? How much money has Spectre grossed worldwide? How much of the takings have been generated from the UK market? How much money has Spectre grossed worldwide? How much did the film grossed in its first seven days? Who set the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What is the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? How much did the film grossed on its opening day? Who set the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What is the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? Who held the record for the best per-screen opening average with $100,200? What year did Spectre open in France? How much above the opening of Skyfall? How many tickets did Spider-Man 3 sell in 2007? How much did Spectre open in South Korea? How many tickets did Spider-Man 3 sell in 2007? How many weeks has Spectre topped Minions to become the top movie of the year? How many screens did Spectre make in 2015? How much did Spectre gross in its opening weekend? How much did Spectre gross from its early Thursday night showings? How much less was Spectre's opening weekend projections? How many screens did Spectre make in 2015? How much did Spectre gross from its opening weekend? What is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? How much did IMAX earn on its opening weekend? How much did IMAX add in its second weekend? How much did IMAX earn on its opening day? What is the name of the movie that opened in China? How much did IMAX earn on its opening day? What is Metacritic's rating? How many critiques did Metacritic have? How many reviews did Rotten Tomatoes sample? What was the average rating of Metacritic? How many reviews did Rotten Tomatoes sample? What is Metacritic's rating? Who described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence"? Who considered Spectre "solid if unspectacular"? How many stars did Mark Kermode give Spectre? How many stars did Spectre receive before its UK release? Who criticised Spectre? Who gave Spectre a perfect 100 score? How many stars did Rolling Stone give the film? How many stars did Rolling Stone give the film? Who wrote in The Atlantic? What was the name of Craig's performance? What newspaper did Alyssa Rosenberg write for? What was the name of Craig's performance? Who censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux? What did the CBFC censor? Who will return to direct the next 007 film? When will a sequel to Spectre begin development? What is the name of the sequel to Spectre? How many people died in the Great Sichuan earthquake in 2008? What earthquake occurred in Sichuan in 2008? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? How many people died in the Great Sichuan earthquake in 2008? How many Ms was the Great Sichuan earthquake measured in 2008? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? Where did the Wenchuan earthquake occur? What was the focal depth of the Wenchuan earthquake? How long did the Wenchuan earthquake continue to hit the area? What is the Wenchuan earthquake also known as? Where was the Wenchuan earthquake epicenter located? How long was the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake? What was the focal depth of the Wenchuan earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were homeless after the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? How much money did the central government spend to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were injured in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were listed as missing? How many people were homeless after the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? Where was the epicenter of the quake? How long did the quake last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What was the magnitude of the quake? How long did the quake last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What fault did the earthquake occur along? Where was the Longmenshan fault located? How long did the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture last? What was the focus of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? What fault did the earthquake occur along? What is the mid-fracture known as? How long did the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture last? What was the maximum displacement of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault? When did Geng Qingguo say a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory first released? What did Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? What region of Sichuan did Geng Qingguo have a significant earthquake? When did Geng Qingguo warn about the occurrence of a significant earthquake in the Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan? Who took an interest in Geng's work? What did the Seismological Bureau say about the earthquake? How long was the fault? Who warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months? How long was the fault? How long was the fault? How long was the fault of the earthquake? Where did the earthquake increase the stress and probability of occurrence of future events? Who warned that there is a high risk of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months? How many people were killed in the Great Hanshin earthquake? How many stages did the quake occur? What was the length of the Longmenshan Fault? What caused the magnitude of the Great Hanshin earthquake? How many times did the earthquake release the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake? What did Teruyuki Kato say the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How long did the quake take place? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many aftershocks were there by 12:00 CST? What was the strongest aftershock? How many aftershocks occurred on November 6, 2008? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Why was the Ms 6.1 earthquake not part of the series? When was the Panzhihua earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? When was the Panzhihua earthquake? Who published the map of earthquake intensity? What is the maximum liedu on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What is the CSIS described as? What is the term for the maximum intensity at XI? How many south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault? How many metres was the surface slip on the Beichuan Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? What was the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault? What was the average slip in Beichuan Fault? How many metres was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault System? Where was the Jin Mao Tower located? What did the receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say? How long were workers at a Ford plant evacuated? What airport was shut down? When did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopen? What was the name of the office buildings in Shanghai's financial district evacuated? What airport was shut down? Why did Cathay Pacific delay both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route? What was Chengdu Shuangliu Airport used as? What was the name of the city in Chengdu? What was evacuated from the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics? Where was a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? How many petrol tanks did a cargo train carry? What were the cracks on the walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas? What was evacuated from the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics? How many of the Olympic venues were damaged? Where was a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed? What was the cause of the fire in a cargo train? How did the rescue troops arrive in Wenchuan? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? What city is home to the Dujiangyan Irrigation System? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? How did the rescue troops arrive in Wenchuan? How did the rescue troops arrive in Wenchuan? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? How many chemical plants did Shifang have? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? Who suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China? What type of telecommunications was cut to the affected and surrounding area after the earthquake? What was cut to the Sichuan area after the earthquake? How many months did the government restore telecommunications? What was cut to the affected and surrounding area after the earthquake? What was cut to the affected area after the earthquake? What government restored telecommunications? How many major news and media websites were made accessible in the Sichuan region? How many news and media websites were made accessible in the Sichuan region? How many base stations were suspended in China Mobile? How many towers were suspended in China Mobile? How many base stations were suspended in China Mobile? Why did China Mobile have more than 2,300 base stations suspended? How many wireless communications were lost in Sichuan province? What company cut off service in Wenchuan? How many towers were suspended in China Mobile? Where was the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many British tourists visited the Wolong Panda Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? Where was the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged? How many pandas did Mao Mao have? Who was the mother of five at the breeding center? Where is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located? How far east is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? How many troops have been allocated to Zipingpu? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? Where is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located? How long is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What was the damage to the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What reservoir is in danger of collapse? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake in Sichuan? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many people were killed in the quake in Sichuan? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the quake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many survivors were reported from the town of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Yingxiu? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? What is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan? Who was the Vice Minister of Health? What did Gao Qiang say the public health care system in China is insufficient? What has been neglected and untouched by China's economic rise? What is poor in Sichuan? What did Gao Qiang say the public health care system in China is insufficient? Who should be responsible for providing medical treatment to earthquake victims? How many school children died due to shoddy construction? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? How many school buildings were buried in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? What caused thousands of school children to die? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? How many school buildings were buried in Mianyang City? How many students died at Juyuan Elementary School? What year did Ai Weiwei publish his blog? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? Who was the artist and architect? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? What did the Chinese government declare that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from? How many people were without housing? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed in the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were without housing? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed in the earthquake? How many pigs died out of the earthquake? Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech? Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech? When did the Tangshan earthquake occur? When did China create an adequate seismic design code? What team was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What did an international reconnaissance team of engineers do in the days following the disaster? What was the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What team was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What did an international reconnaissance team of engineers make to the region? What is the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What was the hardest hit in China? Who was the assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology? In what part of China did the earthquake occur? What did Swaminathan Krishnan say the buildings were not designed? What did Swaminathan Krishnan say about the building codes in China? What were many of the buildings in China not built with? What is the estimated economic loss of the quake in Sichuan? How many cities in Sichuan suffer minor damage from the quake? What is the estimated economic loss in Sichuan? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? How many cities in Sichuan suffer minor damage from the quake? How many people were injured in the quake? What was the average aftershock on May 25? How many people were injured in the quake? How many people were injured in the quake? How many people were injured on May 27? Where did another aftershock of 6.1 Ms hit? How many people were killed or missing in the earthquake in 2008? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many households were still without permanent shelter? How many schools were reconstructed? How many people were killed or missing in the earthquake in 2008? How many people were killed or missing in the earthquake? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many homes were under reconstruction? How many households were still without permanent shelter? Who was the Premier of Wenchuan? What does Premier Wen Jiabao have an academic background in? What did Premier Wen Jiabao oversee? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to help with disaster relief work? How long after the earthquake did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? How many emergency medical teams did the Ministry of Health send to Wenchuan County? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to help with disaster relief work? Why did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch troops and armed police to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County? What is a Level II emergency contingency plan? What class of natural disasters did the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? When did the Level II emergency contingency plan rise to Level I? What is the name of the emergency plan that covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What class of natural disasters did the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? What is a Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the State Seismological Bureau? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Armed Police General Hospital? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the earthquake relief team? How many military transport planes did the earthquake emergency relief team leave Beijing? What was the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of a Chinese construction engineer? What article reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of a Chinese construction engineer? On what day did parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn their children? Where were the surviving children mostly living? What was the name of the ceremony that marked the special day? What rubble did many parents go to to mourn their children? When did many parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn their children? Where were the surviving children mostly living? How much did Central State-owned enterprises donate to the disaster area? How many yuan did Sinopec donate each to the disaster area? How much did Central State-owned enterprises donate to the disaster area? How many yuan did Sinopec donate each to the disaster area? How much money did China receive on May 16? How many countries did China receive in aid? How many international organizations did China receive? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How much money did Saudi Arabia provide to China? How much money did China receive from 19 countries and four international organizations? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How many international organizations did China receive? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How long did the counterpart support plan last? What is the counterpart support plan? How many counties did the counterpart support plan help? How long did the counterpart support plan last? How much of the budget does the counterpart support plan cost? What did the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau say could have caused? What was the name of the dam that may have triggered the quake? What was the effect of the Zipingpu Dam? What did the government disregarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area? What had the government disregarded warnings about in a seismically active area? What have researchers been denied access to to examine the cause of the quake? What did researchers do to model future earthquake predictions? What was the accuracy of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? What did Pekevski and Mavrodiev try to establish? What did Pekevski and Mavrodiev use to establish a time prediction method? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong believe earthquake prediction was? What did Zhang Xiaodong say was a global issue? What was Gary Gibson's name? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? What was the magnitude of the Sichuan quake? How long was the earthquake the worst to strike the Sichuan area? How long was the earthquake the worst to strike the Sichuan area? What is not yet established science? What did experts and the general public want to know about the quake? What is not yet established science? Who was the rescue team of the Taipei Fire Department from Taiwan? How many Tibetan villagers were stranded for five days without food and water? What did the Red Cross Society of China say was inconvenient? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend donating cash instead of other items? What is the height of the Tibetan village of Sier? What was the cause of the landslides in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many troops and militia reservists joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas? What type of rain and landslides affected rescue efforts in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops and militia reservists joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many helicopters were to be deployed by the PLAAF? What industry provided 30 helicopters? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? What was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? When did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? What did China accept to cope with the quake? What did China do to cope with the quake? Who made a direct chartered cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? When did the chartered flight depart Taipei? On what date did the Mandarin Airlines flight depart Taipei? Who made a chartered cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? How many tons of relief supplies were sent to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? How many tons of relief supplies did China Airlines send to Chengdu? What team was scheduled to depart Taipei on a direct chartered flight to Chengdu? How many tons of relief supplies did China Airlines send to Chengdu? What did the US share with Chinese authorities? Who shared satellite images of the quake-stricken areas? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? On what date did rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrive to join the rescue effort? What did the US share with Chinese authorities? How many generators did the US send into China? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What was used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What did Xinhua set up in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? What did Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? In what county did rescue helicopters have trouble landing in the epicenter area? What was used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What news agency set up an online rescue request center to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? Who proposed a landing spot in Wenchuan? What did Volunteers set up to help store contact information? On what date did a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members crash in fog and turbulence? What was the first anniversary of the quake? How long did the government open access to the ruins of the Beichuan county seat? How long did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What was the first anniversary of the quake? What is the name of the museum that will be frozen in time after the quake? How many concerts were there to raise money for the survivors of the quake? What was the purpose of the quake relic museum? What did people donate after the earthquake? Who set up accounts after the earthquake? Where did people donate to the earthquake? What did people donate after the earthquake? Where were booths set up? How did many people donate to China Unicom and China Mobile? How much did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How many tents did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to? How many tents have the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provided? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How much money has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many tents have the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provided? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? How much money has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the catch phrase that Chinese citizens have invented? How many schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the catch phrase that Chinese citizens have invented? How are "illegal children" under 18 years of age registered as legal replacements for their dead siblings? What was the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV-1? Who hosted The Giving of Love? How many Chinese Yuan donations did CCTV-1 receive? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was Jackie Chan's music video called? What was the name of the four-hour program hosted by CCTV-1? How much did the donation of the Chinese Yuan total? What was the name of CCTV's four-hour program? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was Jackie Chan's music video called? What is the first time the Chinese media has lived up to international standards? What was Myanmar's blockage of during Cyclone Nargis? What did a professor at Peking University say the Chinese media has lived up to? Who praised China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? When was the Tangshan earthquake? What was the result of the quake lakes? How many lakes were formed as of May 27, 2008? How many damming rivers had formed as of May 27, 2008? What was the magnitude of the 7.9 earthquake? What resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages? What was the result of the quake lakes? How many lakes were formed as of May 27, 2008? How many lakes had to be evacuated due to the flooding? Where was Mount Tangjia located? How was the Mount Tangjia accessible? What was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? Where was Mount Tangjia located? Where was Mount Tangjia located? How many soldiers arrived on the site by foot? Who declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What was the first time a national mourning period has been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? Who died in the quake? When did the PRC declare a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What was the name of the vehicle that came to a halt on Beijing's roads? How long was the period of national mourning for the quake victims? What is the name of the Olympic torch relay in Ningbo? Who announced that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? What is the name of the Beijing Olympic torch relay? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? What was the route of the Beijing Olympic torch relay? Where did the next leg of the Beijing Olympic torch relay begin? What did many websites convert their home page to? What did Sina.com and Sohu remove? What was one of the entertainment websites that shut down altogether? Where did crowds in Tiananmen Square burst out cheering the slogan "Long Live China"? Where did casinos in Macau close down? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? How many pupils were in attendance at the Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao? How many students attended the Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao? How many yuan did Ye Zhiping receive from the county education department? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What county is Sangzao Middle School located in? How long was Ye Zhiping's tenure at Sangzao Middle School? How many collapsed schools did Chinese prosecutors join an inquiry into? How many collapsed schools did Chinese prosecutors join an inquiry into? How many collapsed schools did Chinese prosecutors join an inquiry into? What did the Chinese prosecutors prepare for? Where were safety checks to be carried out after the earthquake? How many collapsed schools did Reuters report in June? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? Who broke up protests by parents? Who did the New York Times say they are investigating the collapses? How did the National Development and Reform Commission limit protests? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? What were some who refused to sign a document to limit protests? What did officials order the Chinese news media to stop reporting on? Who was detained on June 25, 2008? What did Liu Shaokun's family say he was being investigated on? Who was Liu Shaokun? What did Liu Shaokun's family believe he was being investigated on? What did Liu Shaokun post about the collapsed school buildings? In what interview did Liu Shaokun express his anger at the tofu-dregs buildings? How long was Liu Shaokun ordered to serve? In what year was Tan Zuoren sentenced to prison? In what year did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction? What type of construction did Tan Zuoren attempt to document? What did the UNICEF report about China's response to the quake? How did foreign nations respond to the quake? On what date did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community? On what date did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community? Why did China respond to the quake? How much did Yao Ming give to the Red Cross Society of China? How much did Yao Ming donate to the Red Cross Society of China? How many yuan were donated by the Chinese public? Who donated 10.7 billion yuan? Who was one of the country's most popular sports icons? How much did Yao Ming donate to the Red Cross Society of China? What did Francis Marcus praise the Chinese rescue effort? What did the Economist say China reacted to the disaster? What country's response to Cyclone Nargis was a secretive response to? How many days before the earthquake did Burma have a secretive response to Cyclone Nargis? Who was the International Federation of the Red Cross? What footage did Mainland Chinese television stations replace their cancelled programmes with? What footage did Mainland Chinese television stations use to replace their cancelled programming? What did Mainland Chinese television stations have their programmes suspended? What country's military junta blocked aid during Cyclone Nargis? What was the result of the quake? Who was initially praised for its response to the quake? What did parents accuse local officials and builders of cutting corners in school construction? What did parents of children lose in collapsed schools complain they had yet to receive? Who discouraged stories of poorly built schools from being published in the media? What has the state-controlled media ignored the issue? What did the AP say the state-controlled media has ignored the issue? Who reported that the state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue? What did builders replace with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement? What type of wires did builders replace steel rods with for concrete re-inforcement? What did the supervising agencies do not check to see if they met the national standards? Who have not been brought to justice? Who are still seeking compensation and justice to what happened? What did the Times say parents were warned not to stage a protest? What newspaper warned parents not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? How many families lost their only child? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? How many boroughs are in New York City? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York City in 2014? What is the population of New York City in 2014? How many people live in the Combined Statistical Area? How many boroughs are in New York City? How many boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? When were the five boroughs consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York City in 2014? How many languages are spoken in New York? In what year did New York City become the capital of the United States? In what year did New York City become the capital of the United States? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? In what year did New York City become the capital of the United States? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? When was New York City founded? When was New Amsterdam named? In what year did New York City become the capital of the United States? When did New York serve as the capital of the United States? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many stations are in operation in New York City? Where is the Financial District of Lower? How many colleges and universities are in New York City? What are the two largest stock exchanges in New York City? What was the name of the new ice sheet that helped split apart New York City? When was the Wisconsinan glaciation? How deep was the ice sheet in New York City during the Wisconsinan glaciation? What was the name of the Lenape's homeland? In what year did Giovanni da Verrazzano visit New York Harbor? Who was the first European to visit New York Harbor in 1524? What was the name of the ship Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed into New York Harbor? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano claim the area for? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call New York Harbor? In what year did Giovanni da Verrazzano visit New York Harbor? What was the name of the ship Giovanni da Verrazzano sailed into New York Harbor? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano claim the area for? When did Gomes arrive in New York Harbor? Who led the Spanish expedition? Who was the captain of the Spanish expedition? Who was the captain of Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the purpose-built caravel that went to New York Harbor in 1525? What was the name of the river that Gomes charted the mouth of? What was the first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously? Who re-discovered the area in 1609? What was Henry Hudson's employer's name? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? How many days did Hudson spend exploring the area? What was Henry Hudson's name? What was Henry Hudson's employer's name? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? Who re-discovered the area in 1609? Where was Juan Rodriguez born? Who was Juan Rodriguez translated to Dutch? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? Where is Broadway named in honor of Juan Rodriguez? When did Juan Rodriguez arrive in Manhattan? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? Where is Broadway from? Where was the Dutch fur trading settlement founded? Where was the Fort Amsterdam built? In what year did construction begin on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? Who purchased Manhattan from the Canarsie? In what year was Manhattan purchased from the Canarsie? In what year was New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States? In what year did construction begin on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? How much was Manhattan purchased for? What was the name of the fledgling city that the English renamed after? Who was the Duke of York? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Prince of Orange? When did Anthonio Colve take over the colony of New York? What did Anthonio Colve rename the colony of New York? When did the Dutch return New York to England? Who took over the colony of New York from England? Which Dutch captain took over the colony of New York from England? Who was the Prince of Orange? What was the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? What was the name of the Indonesian island in the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? What was the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What percentage of households held slaves by 1730? What city was a center of slavery in 1730? Where was a new federal courthouse built in the 1990s? What was the name of the new federal courthouse near Foley Square? What city was a center of slavery in 1730? When did the Discovery of the African Burying Ground take place? In what year was Columbia University founded? Who was trialed in Manhattan in 1735? In what year was Columbia University founded? Who founded Columbia University? Who founded Columbia University? Who was trialed in Manhattan in 1735? In what year was Columbia University founded? Where did the Stamp Act Congress meet? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island located? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? How many escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation? When did the British forces evacuate? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island located? When did the British forces evacuate? When did the Great Fire of New York occur? Who was the British general? What was the name of the Great Fire of New York? Where was the Great Fire of New York located? What was the name of the church that was destroyed by the Great Fire of New York? Who was the British general? When did the Great Fire of New York occur? In what year did the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national capital? Who was the first President of the United States in 1789? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? What was the largest city in the United States by 1790? In what year did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national capital? When did New York become the capital of the United States? When was the first President of the United States inaugurated? In what year did New York surpass Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States? When was the abolition act of New York State? Where did the free-black population develop? Who was the founder of the New York Manumission Society? When was slavery abolished in New York? How many blacks were in New York in 1840? When was the abolition act of New York State? When was slavery abolished in New York? What was the Commissioners' Plan of 1811? In what year was the Erie Canal completed? Who was the political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? Who supported Tammany Hall? In what year was the Erie Canal completed? What was the name of the first landscaped park in an American city? In what year did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? When did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How much of New York's population was Irish in 1860? What percentage of New York's population was Irish by 1860? What was the name of the revolution that disrupted societies in New York by 1860? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? Who called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded? How much did the commutation fee cost to hire a substitute? What were the most visible participants of the Draft Riots of 1863? How many people were killed in the riots? What was the black population in Manhattan by 1865? How many children were burned to the ground? In what year was the City of New York formed? When was the subway opened? What was the county of New York a part of? When was the subway opened? In what year was the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River? How many people were killed in the fire in 1904? What was the name of the city's worst industrial disaster? How many garment workers were killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? How many garment workers were killed in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the city's worst industrial disaster? What was the population of New York in 1890? What was the name of the Renaissance that flourished during the era of Prohibition? What was the population of New York in 1890? Where did New York become the most populous urbanized area in the world in the 1920s? What was the first megacity in human history? Who was elected mayor of New York in the Great Depression? How many years of political dominance did Tammany Hall fall? What was the first megacity in human history? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? What city was the center of the art world? What did the rise of in the city precipitate New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? When did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? What was the name of the police raid that took place in the Stonewall riots? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? When did New York's population reach all-time highs? When did New York's population reach all-time highs? What new sectors emerged in the city's economy? When did New York's crime rate increase? In what decade did New York City suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? In what decade did New York City suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What was the name of the flight that was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? How many firefighters were killed in the 9/11 attack? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? What is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Who wrote the National Review? When was the National Review published? Who defended New York? Who ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in 2016? Where is New York City located? Where is New York City located? Where is New York City located? What is the name of the ocean in which the Hudson River feeds into? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? Where does the Hudson River feed into? What are the three islands of New York City? What state does the Hudson River separate the city from? What river separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What river flows through the Bronx and Westchester County? What river flows through the Hudson Valley into? Where is the Hudson River located? What state does the Hudson River separate the city from? What river flows through the Bronx and Westchester County? What river separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What is the most prominent reclamation in Lower Manhattan? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area of water? What is the highest point in the city? What is the highest point in the city? How many square miles is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area? How many sq mi is the city's total area of water? What is the highest point in the city? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the oldest building in New York? In what city is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? What is the name of the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? What is the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? When did the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House date to? What is the name of the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? How many high-rise buildings did New York City have in 2011? What was New York City's ranking in the world in 2011? How many skyscrapers were in New York City in 2011? In what year was the Woolworth Building built? How many buildings were in New York City in 2011? What was New York City's ranking in the world in 2011? How many skyscrapers were in New York City in 2011? When was the Empire State Building built? What style of building did the Chrysler Building and Empire State Building have? What is one of the finest examples of the Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building? What is a highly influential example of the international style in the United States? What is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers? What is one of the finest examples of the Art Deco style? When was the Empire State Building built? In what year was the Chrysler Building built? Where is Riverdale located? Where is Ditmas Park located? Where is Douglaston located? When were the shabby tenements built? What architectural styles are large single-family homes common in? What type of rowhouses are often defined by the character of New York's large residential districts? When was the Great Fire? How many stories did the city need to install their water towers? What area was popular in the 1920s? What became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835? What is a distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings? In what year did the United States Geological Survey reveal a lower hazard for tall buildings in New York City? How many of the boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? How many boroughs are in New York City? How many of the boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States? What is the northernmost major city on the North American continent? How many days of sunshine does New York City average? How many hours of sunshine does New York City have per annum? What is the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate to a humid continental climate? What is the coldest month in the Köppen climate classification? What is the northernmost major city on the North American continent? How many days of sunshine does New York City average? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? Who keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes? What is the daily mean temperature in January? What is the average humidity level in Pittsburgh? How many days does the daytime temperature exceed each summer? On what date did extreme temperatures range from 15 °F to 106 °F? How many degrees Celsius has the dew point been recorded on February 9, 1934? When did Extreme temperatures range from 15 °F (26 °C)? When did extreme temperatures range from 15 °F to 106 °F? How many inches of precipitation does New York receive annually? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? On what date did Sandy bring a destructive storm surge to New York City? How much precipitation does New York receive annually? What caused a destructive storm surge to New York City on October 29, 2012? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the Department of Parks and Recreation in New York? What is the name of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation? Who operates the lands of the City of New York? What is the name of the park system in New York City? What city was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities? What is the name of the park system in New York City? How many acres does Gateway National Recreation Area have? How many acres of salt marsh, islands, and water are in the Gateway National Recreation Area? What is the name of the park in Queens? What is the name of the park in Queens? What is the name of the Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens? How many acres does Gateway National Recreation Area have? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument? What is the name of the General Grant National Memorial? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What is the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument? Where are the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? Where are the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? What is the name of the stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village? What is the name of the General Grant National Memorial? How many state parks are in New York City? How many acres is Riverbank State Park? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many state parks are in New York City? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? What is the name of the US military's only active duty installation in New York City? In what year was Fort Hamilton founded? When was Fort Hamilton founded? What division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers is Fort Hamilton? What is the name of the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron? What is the name of the US military's only active duty installation in New York City? In what year was Fort Hamilton founded? When was Fort Hamilton founded? Where is Fort Totten located? How many people live in New York City in 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? How many people lived in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? How many people live in New York City? How many people live in New York City? How many people live in New York City in 2014? What is the second most populous U.S. city? How many people live in New York City? What was the population density of Manhattan in 2014? What is Manhattan's population density per square mile? In what county is New Jersey more dense in terms of population density? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was Hispanic? What percentage of the city's population was non-Hispanic white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? When did the number of blacks decline over a decade? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? Where was the term "melting pot" first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods? Who was the largest immigrant group? What percentage of the city's population was white in 1940? Who was the largest immigrant group in 1900? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 18 and 1924? What percentage of New York's population is foreign born? What was the largest source of foreignborn individuals in New York in 2011? How many Bangladeshi immigrants are there in New York in 2013? What was the largest source of foreignborn individuals in New York in 2011? How much of New York's population is foreign born? What is the largest Asian American population in New York City? What is the name of the city that is thriving as traditionally urban enclaves? What percentage of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity in 2012? What is the largest Asian American population in New York City? What percentage of New York City's population is Japanese? How many non-Hispanic whites live in New York City in 2012? How many people live in Houston? How many Polish Americans were in New York City in 2012? How many non-Hispanic whites live in Chicago? Where are Albanian Americans most concentrated? How many non-Hispanic whites live in New York City in 2012? How many people live in the New York City metropolitan area? How many Jewish people live in New York City in 2012? How much of the nation's Indian Americans live in New York City? How many people live in the New York City metropolitan area? How many Chinatowns are in New York City? How many Puerto Ricansmigrated to New York City in 2013? What is the name of the Dominican Republic? What country was the top source for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What is the name of the country that was the top source for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did same-sex marriages begin in New York? How many people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did same-sex marriages begin in New York? What is the percentage of Christianity in New York City? What is Catholicism? How many Jews live in Brooklyn? How many Jews lived in New York City in 2014? Which religion ranks third in New York City? What religion was the most prevalent in New York City as of 2014? What religion was the most prevalent in New York City in 2014? How many Jews lived in New York City in 2014? How many people self-identified with no organized religious affiliation in 2014? Which religion ranks third in New York City? What is the Gini Coefficient? What is the Gini Coefficient of New York City? Who was the former Mayor of New York in 2013? What percentage of people live in New York City in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? 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What is the name of the song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York used to promote tourism in New York City? Who owns the trademarked logo? What is the name of the song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the name of the song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? Where is the Halloween Parade held? What is the name of Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade? Where is the Manhattan Chinatown located? Where are free performances in Central Park? Where is the Unisphere located? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? How much did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? What company purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? What did the Anbang Insurance Group buy in 2014? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? 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What ZIP code generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry? How many cents does New York receive for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes? How much money does New York send to the state of New York each year? How much money does New York send to the federal government in taxes? What is the name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.? When was the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. restructured? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What prize did To Kill a Mockingbird win? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What are the characters of To Kill a Mockingbird based on? Where is To Kill a Mockingbird widely taught? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? What are the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? What book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice? 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How many years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird? Who discovered the Watchman manuscript? What was the name of the earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? In what year was Go Set a Watchman completed? How many years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird? What are some of the serious issues of the novel? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers? What technique does Lee combine the narrator's voice with to play intricately with perspectives? What does To Kill a Mockingbird mean? What is the first part of the book? What did Lee categorize the book as? What is Scout's definition of? What does the South seem to drive more than the characters in the book? Who is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel? Who does Christopher Metress connect the mockingbird to? What did Atticus do when he was misunderstood? What does R. A. Dave claim that the book takes on elements of? What Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events? Who labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived"? Who wrote Southern? Who wrote about racism as an inevitability? Who was the Literary critic of The Herald? Who wrote The Wall Street Journal's To Kill a Mockingbird? Who writes that justice must always be founded on the notion of equality and fairness for all? What is the name of the book that is viewed as marginalizing black characters? What did a Canadian language arts consultant find that the novel resonated well with? What type of stereotyping does the novel indulge in? What does McWhorter say every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with? What did McWhorter say for a white person from the South to write a book like To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the line that people quote from Monroeville's novel? What do Monroeville residents call the book "Mockingbird groupies"? What is solar energy? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun? What is the name of the technologies used to harness solar energy? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun? How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? How many kWh/m2 per day do people around the world live in areas with insolation levels? How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? How many watts per square meter do people live in areas with insolation levels? Who absorbs the rest of the Earth's solar radiation? How much of the globe is covered by solar radiation? What keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14°C? What type of plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? How much of the globe is covered by solar radiation? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? What does water vapor condenses into when the airreaches a high altitude? What does the latent heat of water condensation amplify? What type of plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? How many exajoules is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses per year? How much energy did the world use in 2002? How many EJ per year does photosynthesis capture? How much energy did the world use in 2002? How many exajoules is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses per year? How many EJ per year does photosynthesis capture? What is the total amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet? What type of energy do all renewable energies derive their energy from? What are solar technologies characterized as? What are solar technologies characterized as passive or active? What types of energies do all renewable energies derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way? What type of way do all renewable energies derive their energy from the Sun? What type of solar techniques are used to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What are passive solar techniques? What do passive solar techniques use to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What do passive solar techniques use to create spaces that naturally circulate? What type of technologies increase the supply of energy? What type of technologies reduce the need for alternate resources? Who built a small demonstration solar engine? In what year did Frank Shuman form the Sun Power Company? What year did Frank Shuman patent the entire solar engine system? Who was the inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer? In what year did Frank Shuman build a small demonstration solar engine? What did Shuman's black pipes powered? In what year did Frank Shuman form the Sun Power Company? What year did Frank Shuman patent the entire solar engine system? Where was the first solar thermal power station built? How many litres of water did Shuman pump per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? Where was the first solar thermal power station built? What did Shuman use to power a 45-52 kilowatts engine? How much water did Shuman pump per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields? What was the name of Shuman's plant that discouraged the advancement of solar energy? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? How much of the domestic hot water use can be provided by solar heating systems? What type of water does solar heating systems use to heat water? What percentage of domestic hot water is used by solar heating systems? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What type of collectors are most commonly used for domestic hot water? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems as of 2007? Who are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems as of 2007? What country is the world leader in their deployment of solar hot water systems? What are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What country is the dominant application of solar hot water? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What percentage of energy is used in commercial buildings? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What technologies can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in residential buildings? What is the name of the material that can be used to store heat? What is the name of the material that can be used to store heat? What are some common thermal mass materials? What can thermal mass be used to keep buildings cool? What type of climates have thermal mass been used to keep buildings cool? What does thermal mass reduce the need for? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a solar chimney composed of? What can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses? What does bare limbs allow light to pass during? What have deciduous trees been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? How much shade do bare, leafless trees shade? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? Where can deciduous trees be used to provide a degree of summer shading? When was the box cooker first built? What is the temperature of a solar cooker? What do solar cookers use for cooking, drying and pasteurization? What are the three broad categories of solar cookers? Who built the first solar cooker? What is the average temperature of a solar cooker? What is the temperature of a solar cooker? How many parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory? What is a cost-effective alternative to glazed collectors? What type of dish can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications? What is the name of the first commercial system in Georgia? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What are unglazed transpired collectors used for? In what year was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? Who was the first recorded instance of solar distillation? In what year was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? How many US gal did the solar distillation project produce per day? What is the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes? Who recommends solar water disinfection as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? How long is the exposure time for SODIS? What isSODIS a viable method for? How many people in developing countries use SODIS for their daily drinking water? What can algae produce that make the water unusable? What can solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond? What can algae produce that make the water unusable? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? By what year is solar power expected to become the world's largest source of electricity? What Desert is the largest solar power plant in the world? What percentage of the world's total grid electricity is generated by solar? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? Where is the SEGS CSP plant located? Where is Charanka Solar Park located? Who constructed the first solar cell? When was the crystalline silicon solar cell created? What has PV evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source? What is a device that converts light directly into electricity? Who constructed the first solar cell? Who developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide? Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954? What type of fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is concentrated heat used for? What type of dish is the Stirling dish? How is a working fluid heated in CSP systems? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What are the common features of passive solar architecture? What do well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range stay in? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What type of equipment can complement passive solar design? What is the name of the metropolitan area with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What is the estimated cost of UHI? What is the name of the metropolitan area with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What materials have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment? What is a simple method of counteracting the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What do vinters use the energy generated by solar panels to power? What do agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize? What can improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What did the fruit walls help to accelerated ripening of plants? When were Primitive greenhouses first used? When were the first greenhouses built in Europe? What do greenhouses convert solar light to? What does greenhouses enable year-round production and the growth of in enclosed environments? What Roman emperor used greenhouses to produce cucumbers year-round? Where were the first greenhouses built? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge in 2007? What is the World Solar Challenge? When was the World Solar Challenge founded? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge in 1987? What was the average speed of the World Solar Challenge in 2007? What is the name of the competition that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean in 1996? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean in 1996? What is the altitude of the Solar Riser? What aircraft is currently circumnavigating the globe? When did the AstroFlight Sunrise plane make the first solar flight? When did the Solar Riser make the first solar flight? When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? In what year did Eric Scott Raymond fly from California to North Carolina? How long does Solar Impulse last? What is a feasible alternative to hydrogen production? What do solar chemical processes use to drive chemical reactions? What can a variety of fuels be produced by? What process is under development at the Weizmann Institute? What does the Solzinc process produce? What has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? What type of process uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures? What process is under development at the Weizmann Institute? What can thermal mass systems store solar energy? What type of systems can store solar energy? What types of heat capacities do thermal storage systems use? What can well-designed systems reduce? What is a thermal storage media? What was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system? What is another thermal storage media? What is the temperature of a Glauber's salt? What was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system? What are salts compatible with? How many terajoules does the Solar Two store in its storage tank? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What kind of programs give household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid? When does a home produce more electricity than it consumes? What do most standard meters measure in? What does the pump become when demand is high? When is water pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one? What does the pump become? What year did the oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis cause a reorganization of energy policies around the world? In what year did the oil embargo end? What incentive programs did the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program focus on? What is SERI now called? What is the name of the research facility in Japan? What is the name of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States? What is the average growth rate per year in the solar water heating sector? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States? Why did interest drop in solar water heating in the 1980s? What is the average growth rate per year in the solar water heating sector since 1999? What is the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? What does ISO 9050 refer to in building? What does ISO 10217 refer to? What does ISO 9050 relate to? What is the name of the standard relating to solar energy equipment? What type of solar technology is passive solar? What type of systems are used to harness the energy? What are passive solar techniques? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? What was the potential of solar energy in 2000? What makes it a highly appealing source of electricity? In what year did the United Nations Development Programme find that the potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules? What does the International Energy Agency reliance on? What are the costs of mitigating? What should the additional costs of incentives for early deployment be considered? What do fossil fuel prices keep lower than otherwise? What factors limit the amount of solar energy that humans can acquire? What effect does geography have on areas that are closer to the equator? What can increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator? What is the amount of solar radiation on the surface of the Earth during the nighttime? What is the effect of cloud cover on the potential of solar panels? What type of land can solar panels be set up on? What have many people discovered that they can collect energy from their homes? What factors did the World Energy Council take into account in 2000? What is the global potential of solar energy per year? What is solar power? What is concentrated solar power? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into? What does PV convert light into electric current? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? Who first used solar architecture and urban planning methods? What type of architecture did the Greeks and Chinese first use? What is a black balloon filled with? What is the effect of the air inside a solar balloon? What type of market are solar balloons limited to? What is the surface-area to payload-weight ratio? What was the reason for the early development of solar technologies? What did the development of solar technologies stagnate in the early 20th century? In what year did the International Energy Agency report that solar energy technologies could provide a third of the world's energy? What could the energy from the sun play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy? What dynasty ruled Tajikistan? What are some of Tajikistan's kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures? What was the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? How long did a civil war last from 1992 to 1997? What are some of Tajikistan's kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures? What dynasty ruled Tajikistan? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? How long did a civil war last from 1992 to 1997? When did Tajiks begin to be conscripted into the Soviet Army? How many Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during World War II? What percentage of Tajikistan's citizens were killed during World War II? What did Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focus on? What were the factions of Tajikistan distinguished by? What percentage of ministerial positions would go to the opposition? Who came to power in 1992? How many people fled Tajikistan during the civil war? Which Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border until 2005? Where are French troops stationed since the September 11, 2001 attacks? Where is the Ayni Air Base located? What type of missions do US Army and Marine Corps personnel regularly visit Tajikistan? How many Tajik soldiers were killed in the ambush? In what year did Russia send more troops to Tajikistan? When was the military operation in the Rasht Valley concluded? When did militants escape from a Tajik prison? What is Tajikistan officially a republic? Who is the Prime Minister of Tajikistan? Who are the two Deputy Prime Ministers? When did Emomalii Rahmon hold the office of President of Tajikistan? Where does the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan have a vast majority in Parliament? What do independent press outlets remain restricted? Why is no public criticism of the regime tolerated? What type of protest is severely suppressed? What is blocked to local and foreign websites? What is the smallest nation in Central Asia? What is Tajikistan covered by? Where is Dushanbe located? What are the longitudes of Tajikistan? Where are the Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys located? What is the name of the pre-Islamic tribe before the seventh century A.D.? What does Tajikistan mean? What is the name of a pre-Islamic tribe before the seventh century A.D.? In what century did the term "Tajik" come from? When did the Umayyads control Transoxania? Who ruled Transoxania from 650 to 680? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of the region? What was the region known as? When did the Umayyads control Transoxania? Who ruled Transoxania from 650 to 680? When did the Umayyads control Transoxania? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of the region? Who ruled Transoxania from 650 to 680? When did the Samanid Empire restore control of the region? What was the region known as? What was the region known as? When did the Umayyads control Transoxania? In what year did the Umayyads control Transoxania? Who conquered Transoxania? What empire restored Persian control of the region from 819 to 999? When did the Russian Empire conquest of Central Asia? Who controlled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Turkestan? What was Russia interested in gaining access to? What territory did Russia take control of between 1864 and 1885? Who ruled Tajikistan's territory by 1885? What did the Jadidists establish themselves as? Who viewed the Jadidists as a threat? When were uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand? When did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? What are guerrillas in Central Asia known as? What did the Bolsheviks attempt to maintain? What did the Bolsheviks do after a four-year war? What religion was discouraged and repressed? When was the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic created? Where did collectivization of agriculture and cotton production take place between 1927 and 1934? What did collectivization of agriculture take place between 1927 and 1934? What caused violence against peasants and forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan? How many people were expelled from the Communist Party of Tajikistan? How many people were expelled from Tajikistan? Who were sent in to replace those expelled? What was the percentage of Russians in Tajikistan's population between 1926 and 1959? What was the top position of Tajikistan's Communist Party of Tajikistan? How many seats did PDPT lose in Parliament? Who was the President of Tajik? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 polling failed to meet? What did the government insisted that only minor violations had occurred? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? What is the area of Tajikistan? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the west? What is the name of the Corridor in Tajikistan? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the west? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? How many people live in Tajikistan in 2013? What country borders Tajikistan to the south? What country borders Tajikistan to the west? When did Tajikistan become part of the Achaemenid Empire? What empire was Tajikistan part of? Who conquestd Tajikistan? What was the name of the Kushan Empire? When did the Arabs bring Islam? What empire moved into the region? When did the Kushan Empire take control of the region? What was Tajikistan's GDP in 2000-2007? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? How much of Tajikistan's agricultural output is cotton? What is the name of the largest aluminium plant in Central Asia? What is Tajikistan's government focused on? What is Tajikistan's hydropower potential? What is the highest dam in the world? How many MW of surplus electricity will Tajikistan send to Pakistan? How much does Tajikistan's population live on less than per day? How much did remittances from Tajik labour migrants estimate in 2010? What is Tajikistan's main commodity of comparative advantage? What has been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact? What is raised locally for the domestic market in Tajikistan? Which international organization is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams? Which country holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations? What agency did UNODC work with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings? What type of transportation is Tajikistan's landlocked country? What countries has Tajikistan pursued agreements to gain port access via Afghanistan? How many kilometers did Tajikistan's highway and rail system connect to Pakistan's ports? In what year did Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran sign an agreement to construct roads and railways? How many airports did Tajikistan have in 2009? What is Tajikistan's main airport? What is the main airport in Tajikistan? What is the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of Tajikistan? How many people live in Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajiks are under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajiks are between the ages of 14 and 30? What is the population of istan? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province distinct from most Tajiks? Where are the Pamiri people located? Who is the Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school? What does Tajikistan's Constitution provide for? What are the two Islamic holidays in Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is Muslim? What do minority religious groups undermine? What is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere? What is the name of the militant Islamic party that aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state? What does Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for? Who must register with the SCRA? What do religious groups need to register with the SCRA? What type of structure are religious groups not allowed to gather publicly for prayer? What can a Failure to register result in? What is Tajikistan's government's efforts to improve and expand? How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan in 2000? What was the public expenditure on health in Tajikistan in 2004? What was the name of the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper? How long is public education in Tajikistan? How long is the system of public education in Tajikistan planned? How many departments does Khujand State University have? What was the enrollment in tertiary education in Tajikistan in 2008? What is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present? What are the main subdivisions of Anthropology? What type of anthropology investigates the influence of language in social life? What type of anthropology concerns long-term development of the human organism? Where is Archaeology thought to be a branch of anthropology? When was the Anthropological Society of Vienna founded? When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded? In what year was the American Anthropological Association founded? When was the Anthropological Society of Madrid founded? What did Rudolph Virchow believe Darwin's conclusions were lacking? How many anthropological societies were there in the 19th century? How many anthropological societies and associations were there in the 19th century? Who were the major theorists in the 19th century? How many educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology? How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology? When did Franz Boas and Bronisaw Malinowski work? What is Margaret Mead's advocacy for? What has social anthropology been distinguished from other social sciences? What was Boas' argument against? What has cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques? How are humanities, social, and natural sciences forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What discipline is anthropology a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? Where did early anthropology originate? What new fields have anthropology been central in? What theories have influenced Sociocultural anthropology? When did the epistemological shift away from positivist traditions take place? What did enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge come to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? What anthropology remained largely positivist? How many sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion? Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of what? What is the study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What does social anthropology help develop understanding of? What is there no hard-and-fast distinction between cultural anthropology and social anthropology? What is the study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values? What does ethnography refer to? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What can the process of participant-observation be helpful to understanding a culture from? What is reductionism in cross-cultural comparison? What type of anthropology covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization? What does sociocultural anthropology cover? What is a human universal? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What does sociocultural anthropology cover? What is the study of the human past through its material remains? How do archaeologists examine the material remains of past societies? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? What are past human groups presumed to have lived in? What is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups? What type of anthropology seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal? What is the branch of anthropology linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to? What is anthropological linguistics? What fields do Linguistic anthropologists often draw on? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of art? What do Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', or 'literature' not exist? What do anthropologists of art focus on? When was Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' published? What are some examples of anthropology of 'art'? Who created a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850? In what year did Étienne Serres use the term Ethnology? In what year was a chair created in anthropology and ethnography? Where was the National Museum of Natural History located? What was the first to use Ethnology? What type of methods were developed in the early 19th century? What did theorists believe were the result of processes or laws unknown to them? What did theorists believe similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of? Who published On the Origin of Species? What did Charles Darwin compare to? When did Darwin and Wallace unveil evolution? What was the immediate rush to bring evolution into? Who was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? Who was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? What did Wallace become an immediate convert to when he read Darwin? What was Broca's name today? What was Broca's interest in? What was Broca's area called after? What did Waitz specialize in? How many volumes of work did Waitz publish? What did Waitz define anthropology as? What was Waitz an animist? What does Waitz say anthropology is a new field? What must the data of comparison be? What is to be brought into the comparison? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? When did Richard Francis Burton break away from the Ethnological Society of London? What was the name of the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence? Who was present in the Anthropological Society of London? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? What is the name of the major anthropology departments in the 20th century? How many subdivisions has anthropology diversified? What type of knowledge is used to solve specific problems? What does a forensic archaeologist use to recreate? How many nations are there in the World Council of Anthropological Associations? What is another term for anthropology of media? What is anthropology of media also known as? When did radio, press, new media and television begin to make their presences felt? What are the contexts of media production? What type of anthropology is a relatively new area of internet research? What type of anthropology is concerned with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film, and new media? What is the focus of visual anthropology? What type of representations are included in the focus of visual anthropology? What term is sometimes used interchangeably with? What does anthropology attempt to explain in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope? What does economic anthropology attempt to explain in its widest scope? What discipline does economic anthropology have a complex relationship with? Who is the Polish-British founder of Anthropology? What is an alternative to market exchange? What is the term for the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology? What did Political Economy introduce to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? What did Sahlins work on as the 'original affluent society'? Who was involved in revolutionary wars in Vietnam? What type of capitalism did Political Economists address? What refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What does Anthropology of development view development from a critical perspective? What is poverty increasing if a key development goal is to alleviate? What is poverty increasing if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty? What is there a gap between plans and outcomes? Why does so much planned development fail? How can kinship refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures? What type of kinship has developed a number of related concepts and terms? What has anthropology developed a number of related concepts and terms? What does kinship patterns include? What is another term for a kinship? What is anthropology a four field approach to? What is the aim of Feminist anthropology? What do Feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct? What are Feminist anthropologists centrally concerned with? What is Feminist anthropology inclusive of? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What does nutritional anthropology deal with? What is the interplay between culture and biology connected to? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology? What does psychological anthropology focus on? How does anthropology focus on human development and enculturation within a particular cultural group? What does psychological anthropology focus on? What does psychological anthropology examine? Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using what? Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what? What is Cognitive anthropology concerned with? What type of anthropology concerns the structure of political systems? What is the basis of political anthropology? When did political anthropology begin? How did anthropologists begin to study social settings? What is an early, famous example of the Balinese state? What was the name of the group that originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993? When was the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting? What was the name of the Society for the Social Studies of Science? Who wrote the 1985 Cyborg Manifesto? What does cyborg anthropology study? What is a sub-specialty in the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time? What is the contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology? What do many characterize the new perspective of environmental anthropology as more informed with? What is the purpose of data interpretation? What is Melissa Checker's relationship with? How does Ethnohistory study ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs? What does Ethnohistory study? What does Ethnohistory use as its foundation? What does Ethnohistory's historical methods and materials go beyond? Who recognizes the utility of source material? What type of anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism? Who quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition"? What did Hannerz say traditional anthropologists were a notoriously agoraphobic lot? How many principle approaches are there in urban anthropology? What are the two principle approaches in urban anthropology? What is anthrozoology also known as? What is the study of interaction between living things? What does anthrozoology overlap with? What is a major focus of anthrozoologic research? What are some of the fields of anthrozoology? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour? Where is Evolutionary anthropology based? What is Evolutionary anthropology concerned with? What approach is Evolutionary anthropology based on? What is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that draws on many lines of evidence to understand the human experience, past and present? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, and racism? What are some topics that attract anthropological attention? What are some topics that attract anthropological attention? What is one of the topics that can be found across all major and minor sub-fields? Who were many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries active in the allied war effort? What were some of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries active in the allied war effort against the "Axis"? Where did many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries serve? What did many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries work in? What was David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War? What do professional anthropological bodies object to the use of anthropology for? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What is the current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility'? What does the AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' state about anthropology? Who is working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What is the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What does the Christian Science Monitor report that counterinsurgency efforts focus on? Where are HTS teams working with the US military? What does CEAUSSIC suggest that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with? What are anthropologists interested in? What are human universals? What do modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists into? What do anthropologists travel to? What do anthropologists often take to the field? What do anthropologists divide the world up into? What are cultural traditions based on? What kind of subdivisions help archaeologists and other anthropologists understand major trends in the human past? Who share approaches to Culture regions? What has anthropologists developed by making comparisons across cultural traditions and cultural regions? What did some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of? What type of societies did anthropology develop as a study of? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? Who wrote the seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology? When did anthropologists start to look "across the tracks"? Where is ethnographic research set in the North Atlantic region? What is the purpose of ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? What has been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond? In what settings is research set in the North Atlantic region? What type of research is often examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale? What happened to Joseph I in 1758? What family was implicated and executed after a quick trial? Who were the Jesuits expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown? When did Joseph I make his loyal minister Count of Oeiras? Who was prosecuted by Sebastio de Melo? When was "Marquis of Pombal" made? When did Joseph I die? What did historians argue that Pombal's "enlightenment" was a mechanism for? What did the new Count of Oeiras know? What did historians argue that Pombal's "enlightenment" was a mechanism for? Who was the occupation of Portugal? What was the name of the country's largest colonial possession? What was the name of the country's largest colonial possession? What were the names of the countries that formed a pluricontinental State? When did Portugal begin a slow but inexorable decline? What did the Portuguese and their allied British troops fight against? When did Joo VI return to Lisbon? When did the Liberal Revolution begin? In what year did the situation in Europe cooled down enough that Joo VI would have been able to return to Lisbon? What was the result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family? When was the Benguela railway built? When was the Conference of Berlin? What was the aim of the Scramble for Africa? What was the aim of the Scramble for Africa? What new coastal towns were founded? When did Dom Carlos I of Portugal die? When was Portugal declared bankrupt? Who became the new king of Portugal? What was the name of the revolution that abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal? What were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic? What was the name of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo? When was the dictatorship of the Estado Novo established? How many European countries did Portugal remain neutral in World War II? What were the main targets of the new economic development projects? What are some of the international organizations that Portugal is a member of? What type of government does Portugal maintain? What is Portugal's ranking in Social Progress in the world? What other Western European countries is Portugal ahead of? What is Portugal known for? What did Pelayos plan to use the Cantabrian mountains as? Who did Pelayos plan to use the Cantabrian mountains? When was the Battle of Covadonga? When was the Battle of Covadonga? What was the name of the war of Christian reconquest? Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain? Who knighted Vimara Peres? When did King Alfonso III knight Vimara Peres? Who was the First Count of Portus Cale? What was the county of Portugal known as? What culture did the people of County of Portugal struggle to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What did the County of Portugal split from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish? Who was struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What is the Castilian Language known as? What language is replaced by the Astur-Leonese Language? Who was the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal? Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? Who was the Queen consort of? Who was the Queen consort of? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was the new city centre of Lisbon designed to resist? How were the effects of an earthquake simulated? How many earthquakes were there in Lisbon in less than one year? What is one of Lisbon's tourist attractions? What did Sebastio de Melo design? What is the name of the country that is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south? Where is Portugal located? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? What are the Atlantic archipelagos of? What is the name of the country that is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south? Where is Portugal located? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? Who were followed by the Visigothic and Suebi Germanic peoples? Who were the Visigothic and Suebi Germanic peoples? When did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? What did Portugal pioneer in the 15th and 16th centuries? In what centuries did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? In what year was Lisbon destroyed? In what year did Portugal lose much of its wealth and status? When was the Portuguese First Republic established? What was the exception to the independence granted to all Portugal's colonies? How many Portuguese speakers are there today? What is the name of the Iberian Peninsula? Who settled Portus Cale? What are some of the peoples in the Iberian Peninsula that originated from the Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale? What year was Portugal settled? What is Alenquer? When did Lusitania gain the status of Roman province? What is the northern province of Lusitania known as? What is one of the largest Roman settlements in Portugal? What are castros? How far from Coimbra is Conmbriga? How long did the Visigoths defeat the Visigoths? When did the Umayyad Caliphate begin to expand? When did the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus collapse? Who established the Emirate of Córdoba? How long did the Emirate of Córdoba last? Who were the governors of the taifas? Who did the governors of the taifas establish diplomatic relations with? Who fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty? When did the Almoravids come from Morocco? When did the Almoravids win a decisive victory? What is the so-called Islam? Where were the Arabs primarily noblemen from? What mountains were the Berbers originally from? Where did the Muslim population stay in Portugal? How many words are there in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? Who was the eldest son of Alfonso? Where did the second son of Alfonso reign? What did Fruela receive asturias with Oviedo? When did Alfonso die? When was the Kingdom of Castile incorporated? What year was Portugal devastated by the Black Death? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What is Portugal regarded as the predecessor to? In what region is there visible English influence to this day? What was the name of the period that Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world? Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? What Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover? Where did Portugal discover an eastern route to India? What country did Portugal discover via the Cape of Good Hope? What increased the King's confidence in de Melo? Who was Sebastio de Melo made Prime Minister? What was Sebastio de Melo's economic success? When was Sebastio de Melo made Prime Minister? When was Sebastio de Melo made Prime Minister? What were Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? What did Sebastio de Melo do to ensure the wine's quality? Who did Sebastio de Melo's reforms gain enemies in the upper classes? Who ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class? What class did Sebastio de Melo impose strict law on? When did the Portuguese government and army resist the decolonization of its overseas territories? Where did the left-wing military coup take place in 1974? What was the PREC period characterized by? What country was governed by a Junta de Salvaço Nacional? Who won the Junta de Salvaço Nacional? Who became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government? When did Mário Soares become Prime Minister? What model did Portugal adhere to? When was the Portuguese Constitution approved? What was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten to accommodate? What type of climate is Portugal defined as? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? How tall is the Algarve? Which archipelagos have a subtropical climate? What makes weather predictions difficult? What type of climate does the Azores have? What type of forests can be found in Gerês? What period did the Arrábida mountain and subtropical laurissilva forest date back to? What type of trees are colonizing many abandoned areas? What type of animals were found in Setubal? How many natural parks are in Portugal? What type of rainforest is Laurisilva? What species of mammalian fauna are in Laurisilva? What is Portugal an important stopover for? How many freshwater fish species are there? Where is the giant European catfish found? Why are some of the rare and specific fish species highly endangered? What type of species are well represented? How long is the term of the President? Who is the current President? How many deputies are in the Assembly of the Republic? How many deputies are in the Assembly of the Republic? How many members of the Constitutional Court oversee the constitutionality of the laws? What two political parties dominate the Assembly of the Republic? Where does Portugal operate a multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What is the name of the Democratic and Social Centre? What percentage of the vote does the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party garner regularly? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? How many years is the Head of State of Portugal elected? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Which government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate? What is each government required to define in a programme? What is the failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies? What is the main influence of Portuguese law in the former colonies and territories? What is the PSP? What is a highly specialized criminal investigation police? Who oversees the criminal investigation police? In what year did Portugal decriminalize possession of all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations? How many days worth of personal use are there in Portugal? What are people caught with small amounts of a drug given the choice to go to? How much did HIV infection cases drop by 2009? How many municipalities are in Portugal? How many civil parishes are there in Portugal? How many districts is Continental Portugal agglomerated into? How many branches do the armed forces have? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What is the purpose of the armed forces? How many women were in the armed forces in 2008? What percentage of GDP was Portuguese military expenditure in 2009? How many personnel are in the Army? What type of brigade is the Army's infantry brigade mainly equipped with? What are the Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC? What is the Rapid Reaction Brigade? How many marines are in the Navy? When did the Portuguese Colonial War end? When was the Portuguese Colonial War? Where have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions? When did the Portuguese Armed Forces intervene in Angola? Who led the Portuguese government after the bailout? What did Pedro Passos Coelho want to improve? What did the Portuguese government do to improve the state's financial situation? What was the average wage cut in 2012? When was the Carnation Revolution? How did the Portuguese Republic governments encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles? What was the name of the report released by the Diário de Notcias? When was the financial crisis? What was the name of the two Portuguese banks? What were the reasons the two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years? What was BPN's size, market share, and political implications? Why were the two Portuguese banks accumulating losses for years? What is the Portuguese currency? What was the name of the Portuguese currency? What is Portugal's central bank? Where are most industries, businesses and financial institutions concentrated? What is Portugal the Europe's Leading Golf Destination? When was the Carnation Revolution? When did Portugal try to adapt to a changing modern global economy? What is Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model focused on? What is the world's leading cork producer? What is the world's leading cork producer? Who bailed Portugal out of the bailout? When was the bailout agreed to? How much money did Portugal receive from the bailout? What year did Portugal exit the bailout? What was Portugal's unemployment rate at the time of the bailout? What is agriculture in Portugal based on? What are some of the companies that support agriculture in Portugal? What type of mushrooms are produced in Portugal? What types of products does Portugal produce? What is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? Who is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? What is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita? What country is a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium? What is Portugal a notable producer of? What does Portugal lack the potential to conduct? Where does Portugal have vast iron and coal reserves? What was the result of the 1974 revolution? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Who are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? What is one of the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Where are many major biotechnology and information technology industries concentrated? What is expected to increase in Portugal's visitor numbers in the future? What type of destinations are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia? What does Portugal focus on to stay ahead of its competitors? What are some of Portugal's niche attractions? Who described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe"? How much did the number of unemployed increase from 2002 to 2007? What was the unemployment rate in December 2009? What did Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to in 2009? When did Moody's downgrade its long-term credit assessment of Portugal? What did Sócrates say the country would request from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility? What was the third time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the first time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was the average number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in Portugal in 2005? What was Portugal's justice system internationally known as? What country has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors? How many people are in Portugal? Who announced a significant government plan for the public sector? What will the number of weekly working hours be increased from 35 to 40 hours? What measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another bailout grant? Who did Coelho explain that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another bailout grant? What did Passos Coelho announce that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66? What did Passos Coelho announce that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66? What classes did Passos Coelho abolish in Basic Education? What have these policies led to? What was the unemployment rate in Portugal in the third quarter of 2014? What was the unemployment rate in Portugal in the early 2013 quarter? What was the unemployment rate in Portugal in 2008? In what year did Portugal's unemployment rate surpass the 10% mark in the wake of worldwide events? What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal? How many religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year? How many shepherd children did the Blessed Virgin Mary have? What are some of the tourist destinations that the Portuguese government continues to promote? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world? What was the priority for improvements in transportation by the early 1970s? What did Portugal build in the 1990s? How many km is Portugal's road network? When was the first motorway opened? How many international airports are located near Lisbon, Porto, Faro, and Beja? How many international airports are located near Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja? How many international airports are located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja? What makes Lisbon a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country? What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal? Where does the national railway system extend? Who administers the national railway system? How many km of railway lines are currently in service? How many km of railway lines are currently in service? How many km of railway lines are in service? Where is Porto Metro located? How many km of lines are there in the Porto Metropolitan Area? Who provides Lisbon tram services in Portugal? How long have Lisbon tram services been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa? What is the name of the state-managed autonomous research institutions in Portugal? What is the name of the INETI - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia? What is the name of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education? What is one of the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What is the Champalimaud Foundation? What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year? When was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What does Ciência Viva aim to promote? What is the name of the Visionarium? What was the name of the science parks that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses? What is the name of the Madeira Tecnopolo in Funchal? What types of services are there in the Portuguese science parks? What are the two most cost-effective renewable sources in Portugal? Where was the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located? What region opened the Aguçadoura Wave Farm? What percentage of Portugal's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants? What is Portugal's national energy transmission company? What does Redes Energéticas Nacionais use to calculate energy from? What was the name of the hydropower plant in Portugal before the solar/wind revolution? What type of turbines pump water uphill at night? What did the government try to encourage for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity? What was the population of Portugal according to the 2011 census? What percentage of Portugal's population was male? What percentage of Portugal's population was male? What is a single religion? What were the Moors and Jews known as? What is the main population source of the Portuguese? How long ago did Paleolithic peoples begin arriving to the European continent? What is the main population source of the Portuguese? How long has Portugal been a cornerstone of its national identity? What is Portugal's geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe looking out into? What country was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories? How many Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry? How many Portuguese inhabitants were legal immigrants by 2007? What percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? What is the name of the church in Portuguese? What percentage of the Portuguese population declared themselves to be non-religious? What percentage of the Portuguese population declared themselves to be non-religious? What is the origin of many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions? In what centuries did the Roman Catholic Church enjoy both riches and power? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the Battle of Ourique? Who did Afonso hear Jesus promising victories for the coming battles? What would Afonso do to create an empire that would carry His name to? What is the official language of Portugal? What is the official language of Portugal? Where does Portuguese originate? What was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal? What is the Portuguese language derived from? What is the name of the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula? When did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire? How many continents does Portuguese speak? What is the largest number of native Portuguese speakers in any country? What is the total adult literacy rate in Portugal? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? When was the oldest Portuguese university established in Lisbon? Where was the oldest Portuguese university first established? Where did the oldest Portuguese university move to? What is the name of the oldest engineering school in the Americas? What is the oldest medical college in Asia? When was the Bologna process adopted? What are most student costs supported with? How old are mature applicants? What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? What type of diseases do most Portuguese die from? What are the two main components of CVD? What are the two main components of CVD? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What is more frequent among children and women in the Eur-A? What is based on self-reporting at the household level? What percentage of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal? In what decade did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? What are some of Portugal's public cultural facilities? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are there in Portugal? What is the Manueline also known as? What is the Manueline a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century? What is Soft Portuguese style? Who is one of the world renowned architects in Portugal? What is Tomás Taveira notable for? When did Portuguese cinema reach back to the birth of the medium? Who is one of the Portuguese film directors? What are some of the notable Portuguese film actors? When did Portuguese cinema reach back to the birth of the medium? Who is one of the Portuguese film directors? What are some of the notable Portuguese film actors? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? What is the name of the poem that was written by Lus de Cames? Who wrote the poem "Os Lusiads"? What is modern Portuguese poetry rooted in? Who is the author of the book "Os Lusiadas"? What type of cod does the Portuguese consume? What is a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish? What is grilled sardines and caldeirada? What are some Portuguese meat recipes made out of? What is the arroz de sarrabulho? What is the name of the prego sandwich? What is the origin of the Portuguese art of pastry? What are some of the ingredients used in the Portuguese monasteries? What is another name for pastéis de Belém? When did the Romans associate Portugal with their god Bacchus? What god did the Romans associate Portugal with? What are some of the best Portuguese wines? Where are Port Wine, Madeira Wine, the Moscatel from Setbal and Favaios particularly appreciated? What is the name of the festival in Zambujeira do Mar? What is one of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? How long does one of the largest international Goa trance festivals take place in central Portugal? What was the Greener Festival Award Outstanding in 2008 and 2010? When did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards? What are the names of the pianists in the classical music domain? Who is the great cellist of Guilhermina Suggia? Who is the student of Lus de Freitas Branco? Which contemporary composers have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television? In what century did Modernism begin? Who influenced Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso? What is one of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso's best-known works? What are some of the prominent international figures in visual arts today? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or? Who are the most renowned Portuguese football managers? What are the largest sports clubs by popularity and number of trophies won? What are the "os três grandes"? How many titles have the big three won in the European UEFA club competitions? What are some of the sports clubs in Portugal that have a varying level of success and popularity? What is the name of the Portuguese Football Federation? When was Kanye Omari West born? Who is Kanye Omari West? Who is Kanye Omari West? When was Kanye Omari West born? What label did West produce in the early 2000s? What artists did West produce hit singles for? How many albums did West release? What artists did West produce hit singles for? Where did West attend art school? What was the name of West's first album? What was the name of West's debut album? How many albums did West release? How many albums did West sell worldwide? How many digital downloads does West have? How many Grammy Awards has West won? How many albums did West sell? How many of West's albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 list? How many albums did West sell worldwide? How many Grammy Awards has West won? How many albums did West sell? When was West named one of the 100 most influential people in the world? What language did West's mother teach at Clark Atlanta University? Where was Kanye Omari West born? Where did Kanye Omari West open in 2006? What university was Kanye Omari West's mother? What school did Kanye Omari West attend? Where did West move with his mother to? What was West the only foreigner in his class? What did West say he got in high school? When did West move with his mother to Nanjing, China? What university did West teach in Nanjing? When did West write poetry? What was the name of West's rap song? Who was West's mentor? When did West begin writing poetry? What was the name of West's rap song? Who was West's mentor? What is the name of the American Academy of Art? How many times did West drop out of college to pursue his musical dreams? What is the name of the American Academy of Art? What language did West study at Chicago State University? How many times did West drop out of college to pursue his musical dreams? What album did Kanye make? Where did Kanye West make beats? What was Kanye West's style? What was the name of the late-1990s Chicago rap group? 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Who was arrested at Los Angeles International Airport in 2008? What was the bail bond for West? What was the name of the nightclub in Newcastle? Where was West arrested on November 14, 2008? Where was West arrested? What was the name of the nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne? Who was the photographer who was grabbed by TMZ? What were the charges reduced to? Who was the photographer who was grabbed by TMZ? When did West leave LAX? How many anger management sessions did West attend? How much money did West have to pay for a photographer? When did West refer to himself as a Christian? What album did West's song "Jesus Walks" originate from? When did West refer to himself as a Christian? What is the name of the most critically acclaimed artists of the twenty-first century? Who did the Guardian compare West to? Who said that West has been a frequent lightning rod for controversy? Who was the Village Voice Media senior editor? Who compared West to David Bowie? 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How many Hip-Hop Producers did Kanye West rank on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list? On what date was Kanye West ranked on MTV's Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list? Who voted Kanye West as the MTV Man of the Year? Who ranked Kanye West on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade? How many albums did Rolling Stone include in its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"? How many albums did Rolling Stone include in its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"? What was the name of the Pitchfork online music publication that ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Who was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums? Who ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Who was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums? What song was ranked in the third position in the Pitchfork online music publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010? Who did West say did not care about black people? Who did West discontinue at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? What do West's work with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. work on? What is the name of West's creative content company? When did the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas begin? What is a nontheistic religion? Who is known as the Buddha? Where did Gautama Buddha live? What are the four Noble Truths? What did Gautama Buddha share his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering? What is a nontheistic religion? Who is known as the Buddha? When did Gautama Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Where did Gautama Buddha live? Who is known as the Buddha? Where did Gautama Buddha live? When did Gautama Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Who is known as the Buddha? When did Gautama Buddha live and teach in Nepal? What part of the Indian subcontinent did Gautama Buddha live and teach? Who was the Buddha attributed to? What are the two major extant branches of Buddhism generally recognized by scholars? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Where does Theravada have a widespread following? What are the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai? What is the estimated number of Buddhists? What is the name of the body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is Vajrayana attributed to? What is the name of the School of the Elders? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is the Noble Eightfold Path also known as? What does the bodhisattva path do? What does Tibetan Buddhism aspire to? What path is also known as the Middle Way? What is the ultimate goal of Nirvana? What does the bodhisattva path mean? What is the Noble Eightfold Path also known as? What path does Mahayana Buddhism aspire to? What is the cycle of suffering and rebirth seen as in Theravada Buddhism? What are the foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice? What is the cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment? How many Meritorious Deeds are there? What do Buddhist schools renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic? What does Buddhism deny a creator? What is the purpose of Ten Meritorious Deeds? What is the name of the Mahayana tradition? What story is ascribed to Buddhaghoa in 5th century CE? What biographies did the Buddhacarita, Lokottaravdin Mahvastu, and Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra give different accounts? What do most scholars accept about the Buddha's life? When was the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? What biographies did the Lokottaravdin Mahvastu and the Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra give different accounts? What was the name of the ghoa in the 5th century CE? What was the name of the ghoa in the 5th century CE? What do most scholars accept about the Buddha's life? What is the name of the 5th ntury CE? Who wrote a biography of the Buddha? What are some reasons to doubt the traditional account? Who wrote a biography of the Buddha? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? Who was Siddhatta Gotama's disciples? Who wrote a biography of the Buddha? What was Karen Armstrong's biography of the Buddha? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What was Siddhrtha Gautama's father's name? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What was Siddhrtha Gautama a small republic? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was Siddhrtha Gautama's father an oligarch? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? Who was Siddhrtha Gautama's father? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the prince's father? What did Siddhartha renounce to become? What did Siddhartha see outside the palace walls? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama's father? Who would Siddhartha become a great king? What was the name of the astrologer who visited the prince's father? What was the name of the astrologer who visited Gautama's father? What did Siddhartha do to become a holy man? What did Gautama prevent him from leaving? At what age did Gautama leave the palace grounds? What did Gautama learn of? What did Gautama encounter in a series of encounters? What did Gautama become? At what age did Gautama leave the palace grounds? How many sights did Gautama encounter? What did Gautama abandon in a series of encounters? What did Gautama become? At what age did Gautama leave the palace grounds? How many sights did Gautama encounter? What did Gautama encounter in a series of encounters? Who did Gautama go to study with? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? What was Gautama's exposure to? What did Gautama dedicate himself to? What did Gautama try to achieve? What did Gautama accept from a village girl? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? What did Gautama find that they did not provide a permanent end to? What did Gautama accept from a village girl? What type of meditation did Gautama devote himself to? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? At what age was Gautama determined to complete his spiritual quest? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree in the town of Bodh Gaya? What did Gautama teach him? When did Gautama die? What is the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka known as? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree in the town of Bodh Gaya? Where was the Bodhi Tree located? When did Gautama die? Where was the Bodhi Tree located? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree in the town of Bodh Gaya? What tree did Gautama vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment? What is the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka known as? What is samsara defined as? What is avidya? What is dukkha? What is possible by following the Buddhist path? What is samsara characterized by? How many realms of existence does samsara refer to? What is avidya? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is samsara defined as? How many realms of existence does samsara refer to? What does samsara mean? What is samsara characterized by? How is liberation from samsara possible? What does Karma mean? What is the force that drives sasra? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to? What does Karma mean? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What does Karma refer to? What is the force that drives sasra? What is the term for the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions? What does Karma refer to? What does Theravada Buddhism mean for one's karma? What are some Mahayana sutras? What is one form of Buddhism that regard the recitation of mantras as a means for cutting off previous negative karma? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What does Theravada Buddhism mean for one's karma? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What do some Mahayana sutras claim can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What does the recitation of Mahayana sutras claim can expunge great swathes of? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What is a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What are the laws of cause and effect? What is the name of the doctrine that rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What are the laws of cause and effect? What is a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What do Buddhists refer to themselves as? What does prattyasamutpda mean? What doctrine rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What is the name of a Buddhist practitioner who can meditate on the arpajhnas? Who can meditate on the arpajhnas? How many planes of existence are there? What are the uddhvsa Worlds? Who can attained rebirths in some of the higher heavens? What is the name of the rpyadhtu? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? Who can attained rebirths in some of the higher heavens? What is the highest object of meditation? What is the name of the rpyadhtu? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? Theravada position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? Where is Samyutta Nikaya from? What is the term for the intermediate state between one life and the next? Theravada position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the name of the passage that seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? What is the name of the intermediate state between one life and the next? What position does Theravada position reject? Where is the Samyutta Nikaya from? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? How can dukkha be overcome? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What is dukkha? What are the teachings on the Four Noble Truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What is the nature of dukkha? What does the first truth explain? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is dukkha commonly translated as? How many aspects of dukkha are there? What is dukkha commonly translated as? What is dukkha commonly translated as? How many aspects of dukkha are there? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the origin of dukkha conditioned by? What is the third noble truth? What is the fourth noble truth that identifies a path to the complete cessation of dukkha? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the origin of dukkha commonly explained as? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the second truth about the origin of dukkha? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the root cause of dukkha identified as? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What are the eight factors that lead to the cessation of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What are the eight factors that lead to the cessation of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? How many interconnected factors are in the Noble Eightfold Path? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? How many dimensions of one's behaviour are there? What are the eight important dimensions of one's behaviour? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What did Gautama combine the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with? What did Gautama do to create a new kind of human? What are brahmaviharas, divine abodes, and brahmaviharas also known as? What is perhaps the best known of the four immeasurables? What are the Four Immeasurables taught as a form of meditation? What did Gautama combine his yoga practice with? What did Gautama create a new kind of human? What does Thich Nhat Hanh call the "Four Immeasurable Minds"? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What is perhaps the best known of the four immeasurables? When was the Middle Way discovered? What is the Middle Way? When was the Middle Way discovered? What are some schools of Buddhism that discourage doctrinal study? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage? Who have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the cycle of incessant rebirths? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What does the Buddha recommend viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence? How many marks of existence did the Buddha recommend? What is the doctrine of impermanence? What is the doctrine of impermanence? Why does the doctrine of impermanence assert that things are impermanent? What does impermanence stand for? What is impermanence? What is the term for the cycle of rebirth? What is the doctrine of impermanence? What are some of the terms of Suffering in English? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What does Buddhism seek to be? What is Suffering a central concept in? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is the term "suffering" more analogous to? What is a central concept in Buddhism? What is the third mark of existence? What is the Nikayas anatta? What did the Buddha refuse to answer when asked if the self was identical with the body? What does the practitioner conclude that neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise? What is the third mark of existence? What does Nikayas anatta mean? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What are the physical and mental constituents of a person or object? What is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics? What does the doctrine of prattyasamutpda mean? What is the doctrine of prattyasamutpda? What is the scheme of Twelve Nidnas? What does prattyasamutpda explain in detail? What is the name of the scheme of Twelve Nidnas? What does prattyasamutpda mean? How many Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? How many Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What kind of beings always suffer throughout sasra? What is the name of the suffering in sasra? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What is Nagarjuna's term for sentient beings that are empty of? What type of phenomena are without svabhava? Who criticized Sarvastivada teachings? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What is the doctrine of Yogacara known as? Who reformulated Sarvastivada teachings? What is tathgatagarbha? What is tathgatagarbha? What is the term for the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind? What is the name of the school that refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed? What is the term for Buddha-nature? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was bodhi synonymous to? What did bodhi do to nirvana? What does dosa mean? What is moha? What does bodhisattva achieve? What does the bodhisattva become? What has the arahant attained? What does parinirvana refer to? What is a Buddha who purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance? What does Samsara mean? What has a Buddha ended? How many Buddhas did the Pali Canon refer to? What is the common belief that the next Buddha will be named? What are the Buddhas in the Mahayana tradition? What does Theravada doctrine mean? What are arahants called in Theravada doctrine? What is the meaning of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion? What is the extinction of hatred and greed with some residue of delusion called? What is the Buddha viewed as in the Mahayana sutras? What is the Buddha viewed as in the Mahayana sutras? What is the name of the Mahayana sutra? What is the name of the planes in which the Buddha's death is seen as an illusion? Who are allowed to offer "new truths" based on his input? What concept does Mahayana differ from Theravada? What is Mahayana's belief in? What is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What is the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? What does the Theravada commentary say that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? What does Pure Land hold that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What does bodhisattva mean? What is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What does Buddhism encourage everyone to become? What does Mahayana Buddhism encourage everyone to do? What are the perfections of Mahayana Buddhism? Which Dalai Lama cites Bodhisattva as his favourite verse? What is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists? Along with bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting, what are some devotional practices? What is the name of the state of meditative absorption in Buddhism? Who taught the Buddha that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition? What is striking about the difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts? What did the Buddha teach about meditative absorption? What was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha? What is to be developed at all times in Buddhism? What was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold? Who shared some of the Buddha's meditative techniques with other traditions of his day? What is the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? How many Upanishads are written after the rise of Buddhism? What did Wynne argue that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition? What does Wynne argue that the Upanishads cosmological statements reflect? What does Wynne argue that the Upanishads reflect a contemplative tradition? What is the foundation of one's religious practice? Where is the practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children mentioned? What type of Buddhism adds a fourth refuge in the lama? What is the essence of the Three Jewels? What are the Three Jewels perceived as having an irreversible effect? Who presented himself as a model? What does Dharma offer a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana? What is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What is la usually translated into English? What is the second practice of la? What does the Law of Karma say keeping the precepts is meritorious? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? What does the Law of Karma say keeping the precepts is meritorious? What does la refer to? How many precepts does sla correspond to? How many precepts does sla add? What do laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice? What do Buddhists use to cultivate dana? What is likely to happen in one of the lower heavens? How many precepts are there? What does the third precept on sexual misconduct become? How many precepts can laypeople observe for short periods? How many precepts is the complete list of? How many precepts do Novice-monks use? What is the exact content of the vinaya pitaka? How many rules are there for monks in the Theravadin recension? What is the exact content of the Vinayapitaka? What does the Buddha remind his hearers about the monastic rules? What is the purpose of the monastic rules? What are the monastic rules designed to provide a perfect springboard for? What are monastics instructed to live as? What is the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra? What is frowned upon in Bodhisattvas? In what country is vegetarianism actively encouraged? What is Chán? How many jhnas are there? What is samyaksamdhi? What is the primary means of cultivating samdhi? What is the main means of cultivating samyaksamdhi? What is Sanskrit dhyna? What is the name of a meditator who is ready to penetrate and gain insight? What is the name of the meditator who is ready to penetrate and gain insight into the ultimate nature of reality? What does Samatha meditation start from? What is the term for Samatha meditation? What can samatha meditation calm? What can samatha meditation reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with? What is another name for Pli pa? What is praj or vipassana? What is the name of the meditation that leads to insight knowledge? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as? What does craving carry with it? What does the afflictions of the mind create? What is the ultimate goal of Theravadins? What are the four Noble Truths? What is Praj able to bring about? What is the name of the wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence? What is praj attained at a conceptual level? What could one in theory attain at any point of practice? What is applied to daily life to verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level? What is Zen Buddhism? What is Zen? What is Zen? What does Zen Buddhism prefer to focus on? How many main schools are there in Zen Buddhism? What are the two main schools of Zen Buddhism? What is the purpose of Buddhist teaching? What is equated with the Buddha? What must not be allowed to confine and bind one? What is Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism based on? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? When was the second half of the first millennium BCE? What did moksha originate in? What were the members of the shramanas known as? What was the strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism? Where did Buddhism arose? What was the capital of Kosala in the north-west? When did the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha become significant? What were the Vedic movements influenced by? Who was one of the atomists in the Upanishads? Who emphasized the rule of fate? Who emphasized that the soul must be freed from matter? What was a particular criticism of the Buddha? What was the name of the Vedic hymn? Who altered the original Veda of the rishis? What did the Buddha refuse to pay respect to? What is a matter of dispute? What is a core problem in the study of early Buddhism? Who did Schmithausen master? What is the name of Majjhima Nikaya? What did Schmithausen believe karma played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism? What does Bruce Matthews believe there is no cohesive presentation of in the Sutta Pitaka? What did Bronkhorst agree was a Buddhist invention? What did Norman say the Buddha's way to release was by means of? Who gained bodhi? What is the mentioning of the four truths as constituting? How many truths depict a linear path of practice? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What term is not specified? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What term did Vetter use to describe the Buddhist path? How manyfold did Vetter describe the Buddhist path? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths became a substitution for? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths became a substitution for? What was Gotama's teachings? How many marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences? How many periods is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into? What is the term for Nikaya Buddhism? What is the term for Nikaya Buddhism? What is another term for Esoteric Buddhism? What is Vajrayana? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? What are the three marks of existence? How many Noble Truths did Gautama Buddha teach? What was the first Buddhist council held? Who was called upon to recite the discourses of the Buddha? What is the name of the Pli suttas? What was the name of the first Buddhist council? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? How long after the Second Council did the Sarvastivada tradition place it? What did the Dipavamsa say the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed the Mahasanghika? What did the Dipavamsa of the Theravda say that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest? Who argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya? What school did Sthaviras give rise to? What were the monks following different schools of thought living happily together in? What were schisms caused by? What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas? What are the Abhidharma texts? When did scholars date Abhidharma texts to? What school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka? What is one of the earliest Mahyna stras? Where did the Prajpramit stras develop? What genre of texts were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India? When were the texts about Akobhya Buddha written? What country is on the Ka River? What is the third century BCE? Where did early Mahayana scriptures originate? What did Mahyna refer to as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines for bodhisattvas? What was the name of the Vinaya ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism? Who lived in the same monasteries? What is the name of the early translations of Mahyna texts? Who was the first translator of Mahyna stras into Chinese in the 2nd century CE? What series of texts were probably composed in the 1st century BCE? In what century was Akobhya Buddha composed? What were the last and most recent types of thought in the Mahayana period? What was the last and most recent type of thought in the Mahayana? Madhyamaka, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic are the two main philosophical schools of what? Who was a public supporter of Buddhism? What was the name of the Buddhist religious memorials? What are stpas? Where were emissaries sent to to spread Buddhism? Who were the emissaries accompanied by? Where were emissaries sent to to spread Buddhism? What religions were influenced by Buddhism in the Indo-Greek Kingdom? What Greek king was immortalized in the Buddhist canon? In what century did the Theravada school spread to Sri Lanka? In what century did the Theravada school spread to Sri Lanka? When were the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When did Mahayana Sutras spread to China? Where did Mahayana Sutras spread to in the 2nd century CE? In what century did Esoteric Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia? What countries are starting to fund Buddhist shrines? What are the teachings of the Buddha, the Dharma? What is the Sangha? What is Buddhism in the West often seen as? What type of influences lead to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices? When did the Dalit Buddhist movement begin? What is the Dalit Buddhist movement called? What was the name of the Nichiren Buddhism movement in the 20th century? What is Soka Gakkai? Who is the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is Soka Gakkai International? How many people practice Buddhism? What is the largest population of Buddhists in China? How many Buddhists live in China? How many adherents does Mahayana have? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many Buddhist adherents were in Asia in 1910? How many Buddhist adherents were in Asia in 2010? How many Buddhist adherents were in Asia in 2010? What does Hinayana mean? What term is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What does each tradition have its own core concepts? What is one Buddhist ecumenical organization? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? Theravada comes from what ancestral school? Who portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture? Where is Theravda located? Who believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What do laypersons produce? What is the name of the university in north-eastern India? What do Mahayana schools recognize all or part of? What did the Mahayana Sutras become for Mahayanists? What are some of the Mahayana Sutras? What is another term for Native Mahayana Buddhism? What is Vajrayana also referred to as? What is the most widely practised today? What did the royal courts sponsor in Vajrayana literature? Who taught mantras in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras? What is a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition? What type of scriptures are written in Pli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese? What do some schools venerate certain texts as? What type of text does Buddhism have that is universally referred to by all traditions? How many of the gamas have Tibetan Buddhists not even translated most of? What are the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka? What has been seen as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy? In what country was the Dhammapada championed as a unifying scripture? What are the major principles of Buddhism? What type of texts were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks? What is the focus of Dwight Goddard's sample of Buddhist scriptures? What document did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempt to create? What is the name of the three baskets that refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? What are the three baskets of the Pli Tipitaka? What does the Pli Tipitaka refer to? What is the name of the Vinaya Pitaka? What does the Pli Tipitaka refer to? What is the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? What was the name of the monk that presided over the first Buddhist council? What was the goal of the Buddhist council? Who recited the vinaya? What was the name of the Buddha's personal attendant? What was the basis of the Tripitaka? What is the name of the material that the Canon preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings? Who added texts to the Canon for some time? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What did Nagarjuna criticize the Mahayana sutras? What sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines? What is the name of the Mahayana sutra? What are the Mahayana sutras reserved for? What did the Mahayana sutras come from? What did the Mahayana sutras come from? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit? What religion recognizes Mahayana sutras? When did the Mahayana sutras begin to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India? What label was applied to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras? What does the Theravada school not include in its canon? What branch of Buddhism did the modern Theravada school originate from? What designation is seen as derogatory in the modern era? What term was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What was the more politically correct and much more usual term used by Mahynists? What does Buddhism provide for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects? What does Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way provide a unique guideline for? What type of study has Buddhism been compared to? What are the tenets of Buddhism? What is the Buddhist concept of dependent origination compared to? What should be considered a religion? What should be considered a religion? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing on Fox? What is American Idol based on? On what channel did American Idol begin airing? Who produced American Idol? What is American Idol based on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing on Fox? What is American Idol based on? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who hosted American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? Who hosted American Idol? Who hosted American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? Who is a juggernaut for American Idol? Who said American Idol was "the most impactful show in the history of television"? Who is a juggernaut of American Idol? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? Who is a juggernaut of American Idol? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? How many Billboard chart-toppers has American Idol spawned? Who said American Idol was "the most impactful show in the history of television"? When did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? When did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? How many consecutive years was American Idol ranked in U.S. television ratings? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would conclude its run in its fifteenth season? Who created American Idol? Who created American Idol? In what year did American Idol debut? Who was the executive producer and production leader of American Idol? Where did Nigel Lythgoe see American Idol? Who created American Idol? Where did Nigel Lythgoe see American Idol? What type of voting did Fuller add to American Idol? In what year did American Idol debut? Where did Nigel Lythgoe see American Idol? How many seasons did the Pop Idol show hold on for? When did American Idol: The Search for a Superstar debut? In what year did Fuller, Cowell and Simon Jones attempt to sell Pop Idol to the United States? Who was Rupert Murdoch's daughter? Who was the head of Fox's parent company? What was the name of the American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? How long did the show continue with the three judges format? How many judges did the show plan on having? Who was hired as a fourth judge? What was the name of the fourth judge on the show? How many judges did the show plan on having? Who was the fourth judge of the show? Who was hired as a fourth judge? How long did the show decide to continue with the three judges format? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? Who replaced Paula Abdul? How many seasons did Kara DioGuardi stay for? When did Simon Cowell announce that he was leaving the show to introduce the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA? What American version of the show did Simon Cowell introduce to the USA for 2011? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight? Who left the show before season nine? When did Simon Cowell announce that he was leaving the show to introduce the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA? Who replaced Paula Abdul? When did Kara DioGuardi leave the show? In what season were guest judges used? Who was the season eight runner-up? What season did Donna Summer and Quentin Tarantino join as judges? What season did Jewel and Olivia Newton-John play? What season did Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry win? Who were guest judges used in season two? What season was Shania Twain in? What season did Donna Summer and Quentin Tarantino join as judges? Who was the sole emcee of the show? Who was the sole emcee of the show? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? What were the mentors brought in during the live shows? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season? How old is the eligible age-range for contestants? What year was the upper limit raised to twenty-eight? What is the semi-final stage that contestants cannot have advanced to in previous seasons? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? Who is the only audition stage shown on television? How many auditions are there in each city? What is the only audition stage shown on television? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? What is the first set of cuts? Where are contestants sent to? What year was the group round eliminated? How many seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood? How many seasons did the executive producers split up the females and males? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood? How many rounds of eliminations did the contestants perform in Hollywood? In what seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? Where did the contestants perform in groups based on a theme? How many girls did the judges choose each night to make the top twenty? How many times did the Las Vegas round become a Sudden Death round? How many text messages were sent to American Idol by season eight? How many votes were cast in the first season? What is the name of the company that verified the votes for the first time in season ten? Who decides the fate of the contestants? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many groups were there in season one? What was the wildcard round in the first three seasons? How many groups were there in season one? How many groups were there in season two and three? How many groups of ten were there in the first three seasons? How many groups were there in season one? How many finalists did the judges champion in the first three seasons? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many semi-finalists were eliminated each week? How many semi-finalists were eliminated each week? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many semifinalists were there in season twelve? When did the wildcard round return? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How many of each gender advancing to form the final? Who broadcasts the finals in prime time? Who was brought in as a mentor for season ten? How long did the finals last? How long did the finals last? Who broadcasts the finals in prime time? Who was brought in as a mentor for season ten? How long did the finals last? How many songs do contestants sing each week? When did the Idol Gives Back episode begin? How long can a "Judges' Save" be used? How many contestants are usually sent to the center of the stage? What season did the Idol Gives Back episode begin? How many seasons was the "Fan Save" introduced? How long is the window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What was introduced in the fourteenth season? How long is the window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What is the start of the "Fan Save" season? Where was the Gibson Amphitheatre located? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the last episode of the season? Where was the finale broadcast? What is the audience capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the audience capacity of the Gibson Amphitheatre? Where was the Gibson Amphitheatre located? Who has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? How long did BMG/Sony have the right of first refusal to sign contestants? How many albums does the winner receive? Who has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? How are the contestants voted for by the viewing public? How many seasons do contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? How many seasons onwards did Ray Chew perform? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band from season ten onwards? How many seasons do contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? When did the first season of American Idol debut? When did the first season of American Idol debut? Who co-hosted American Idol? When did the first season of American Idol debut? When did the first season of American Idol debut? Who co-hosted American Idol? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? What was Christina Christian eliminated from the top six result show? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected for the semifinal? Who was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? Where was Tamyra Gray eliminated? Who was hospitalized before the top six result show? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? Who was one of the early favorites? Who won the final showdown? When did Kelly Clarkson win the crown? What was the name of the single that Clarkson released after the season ended? What was the name of the musical film that Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Guarini and Clarkson have worldwide? What was the name of the single that Clarkson released after the season ended? What song did Clarkson perform during the finale? What was the name of the single that Clarkson released after the season ended? Who held the record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the musical film that Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums did Guarini and Clarkson have worldwide? When was the second season moved up to air? Who was a correspondent for this season? When was the second season moved up to air? Who was a correspondent for this season? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? Who was disqualified during the finals? Who was disqualified during the finals? How many semi-finalists were disqualified in the finals? Who was disqualified during the finals? Who was disqualified during the finals? How many semi-finalists were disqualified in the finals? Who emerged as the winner? How many votes did Ruben Studdard win? Who did Ruben Studdard beat by a small margin? How many votes did Ruben Studdard finish ahead of Clay Aiken? Who said that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale? Who emerged as the winner? Who did Ruben Studdard beat by a small margin? How many votes did Ruben Studdard finish ahead of Clay Aiken? How many votes did Ruben Studdard win? Who did Ruben Studdard beat by a small margin? What song did Aiken out-perform? Who was the fourth-place finisher of the show? What was Aiken's single from the show? What song did Aiken out-perform? What was Aiken's single from the show? Who outperformed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings"? Who was the fourth-place finisher of the show? When did Season three premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? When did Season three premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? What were the three black singers dubbed? Which black singer was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who did John Stevens and Jasmine Trias receive in the finals? What were the three black singers dubbed? Which black singer was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who did John Stevens and Jasmine Trias receive in the finals? Who was the last two finalists for "Summertime"? What was Fantasia's coronation single? What song did Diana DeGarmo release? What was Barrino's performance at Top 8? Who considered "Summertime" as his favorite Idol moment? Who was the only contestant to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy? What was Barrino later known as? What was Fantasia's coronation single? Who replaced Vazquez? Who replaced Vazquez? What company sued Vazquez for wrongful termination? Who was the top 12 finalists for Freemantle Media? During what time period was voting repeated on the result night? When was the result postponed? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? How many records has Underwood sold worldwide? What song was released by Bice and Underwood? Who was announced the winner in May 2005? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? Who was announced the winner in May 2005? What song was released by Bice and Underwood? How many albums did Underwood sell in the U.S.? When did Season five begin? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for identity theft? When did Season five begin? When did Season five begin? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for identity theft? Who performed Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show? Who performed Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show? Who performed Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show? Who performed Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show? What was Fuel's new lead singer? Who performed Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show? What was Fuel's version of "I Walk the Line"? What did Daughtry's performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" do? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? When was Taylor Hicks named American Idol? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? Who was the lead of the band Daughtry? Who was the lead of the band Daughtry? Who was the lead of the band Daughtry? Who was the lead of the band Daughtry? When did Season six begin? How many viewers watched Season 6? When did Season six begin? How many viewers watched Season 6? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? What is the name of the satellite radio personality that encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? When was Sanjaya Malakar voted off? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? What was Sanjaya Malakar's hair? What is the name of the satellite radio personality that encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? When was Sanjaya Malakar voted off? What was the name of the first Idol Gives Back event? How much did the first Idol Gives Back event raise? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back event? What was the name of the first Idol Gives Back event? Who were eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back telethon event? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back event? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was declared the winner in the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? When did Season four premiere? How many auditions did the number of people attending the auditions increase to? What was the age limit for Season four? What was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition? What was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition? When did Season four premiere? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in? How many auditions did the number of people attending the auditions increase to? What was the age limit for Season four? When did Sparks release "This Is My Now"? What was the winner of the American Idol Songwriter contest? How many entries were selected for the American Idol Songwriter contest? What contest allows fans to vote for the "coronation song"? What does the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? How many entries were selected for the public vote? What was the winner of the American Idol Songwriter contest? When was "This Is My Now" released? When did Season seven premiere? Who was a stripper? Who had prior recording contracts? When did Season seven premiere? Who was a stripper? What did the media focus on? Who had prior recording contracts? What was the name of David Cook's performance? Who performed "Billie Jean" on top-ten night? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? When did American Idol debut a new state-of-the-art set and stage? When did American Idol debut a new state-of-the-art set and stage? Who did the judges mistook to be David Cook's own? Who performed "Billie Jean" on top-ten night? Who's performance of "Imagine" was considered one of the best of the season? What season was Jennifer Lopez brought in as a judge? What was Jason Castro's semi-final performance of? Who released the version of "Hallelujah" to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances? Who's performance of "Imagine" was considered one of the best of the season? Who called "Imagine" a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget? Who performed "Hallelujah"? Who released the version of "Hallelujah" to the top of the Billboard digital song chart? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? On what date was David Cook announced the winner? Who was the first rocker to win the show? What was the winner of the American Idol Songwriter contest? What contest was held this season? When was the song "The Time of My Life" released? What was the winner of the American Idol Songwriter contest? When was the song "The Time of My Life" released? When did Season 8 premiere? Who was the widow of? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? When did Season 8 premiere? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the widow of? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? How long was the Hollywood round extended to? What did Nigel Lythgoe focus on? When was the Hollywood round moved to the Kodak Theatre? Why was Idol Gives Back canceled? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? Who was introduced in the first major change to the judging panel? What did Nigel Lythgoe focus on? When was the Hollywood round moved to the Kodak Theatre? How many weeks was Idol Gives Back canceled for this season? How many finalists were eliminated in the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who were eliminated in the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? Who were the two finalists? Who won the most controversial voting result since season two? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? How many of the votes cast on the night came from what state? Who won the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the most controversial voting result for the two finalists? How many of the votes cast on the night came from what state? How many of the votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who wrote "No Boundaries"? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who wrote "No Boundaries"? What was the first season in which Allen and Lambert failed to achieve? What was the name of the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status? When did Season nine premiere? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? When did Season nine premiere? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who wanted to disqualify Crystal Bowersox? What type of diabetes did Crystal Bowersox have? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? How many weeks did Crystal Bowersox fall ill? How did Crystal Bowersox perform on the girls performance night? Who wanted to disqualify Crystal Bowersox? Who was the producer of Ken Warwick's show? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was invited back to be a mentor? How much did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was invited back to be a mentor? Who was presented in the finale for his final season with the show? What was presented in the finale for Simon Cowell's final season with the show? Who was presented in the finale for his final season with the show? Who made an appearance in the finale for Simon Cowell? Who was declared the winner during the May 26 finale? What song did DeWyze choose? What was the name of the final two contestants? Who was declared the winner during the May 26 finale? What song did DeWyze choose? What was the name of Patty Griffin's song? When did Season ten of the series premiere? How many episodes of The X Factor were premiered on January 19, 2011? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What is the name of the U.S. version of Season ten of the series? Who returned as executive producer? When did Season ten of the series premiere? Who returned as executive producer? Who joined Randy Jackson as judges? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? What is the first season to include online auditions? What is the name of the online audition? What is the name of the online audition? What is the first season to include online auditions? What is the name of the online audition? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who had ulcerative colitis? Who had ulcerative colitis? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? In what round was Chris Medina cut? Who had ulcerative colitis? What did Abrams miss? Who suffered ulcerative colitis? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who criticized Toscano? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who criticized Toscano? Who was the youngest male winner in a row to win American Idol? Who was the youngest male winner in a row to win American Idol? What was McCreery's first single? What song did Alaina release? What was the name of Ruben Studdard's debut album? On what date did Scotty McCreery win American Idol? Who was the youngest male winner in a row to win American Idol? Who released Soulful? When did Season 11 premiere? What was Jermaine Jones' ranking for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? Who was disqualified for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? When did Season 11 premiere? Who was disqualified for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? On what date was Jermaine Jones disqualified? What did Jermaine Jones conceal? How many surgeries did Phillip Phillips have during his Idol run? What did Phillips have to do to alleviate a blockage caused by? How many surgeries did Phillips have during his Idol run? How many surgeries did Phillip Phillips have during his Idol run? How many surgeries did Phillip Phillips have during his Idol run? How many surgeries did Phillip Phillips have during his Idol run? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? What was Jessica Sanchez's final two seasons? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? How many votes did Jessica Sanchez receive during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant sent home? Who proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo? Who proposed marriage to Diana DeGarmo? Who did Ace Young propose marriage to? Who became the winner? Who proposed marriage to Diana DeGarmo on stage? Who proposed marriage to Diana DeGarmo? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? What did Sanchez release as his coronation song? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? What did Sanchez release as his coronation song? What is the name of Phillips' coronation song? When did Season 12 premiere? How many judges did Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler leave the show after two seasons? What was the name of the video of the dispute between Minaj and Carey? When did Season 12 premiere? How many judges were on the panel? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks? How many males did the top 10 contestants start with? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were given an extra week to perform again? Who was the first female to win American Idol? Who was the first female to win American Idol? What did Glover release as a single? What was the name of Glover's single? Who was the first female to win American Idol? Who was the first female to win American Idol? What did Glover release as a single? What was the name of Glover's single? Who signed Glover's debut album? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? How many seasons did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave to focus on their music careers? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures? Which two judges decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who returned as host of the thirteenth season? Who did Randy Jackson move from the judging panel to? Who replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes? When did the thirteenth season premiere? Who was the host of the thirteenth season? Which former judge joined Urban on the panel? Who joined Urban on the panel? Who replaced Lythgoe as a director of the audition episodes? Who was saved from elimination by the judges? What was the 500th episode of the series? What was the first season in which contestants were allowed to perform in the final rounds? Who was saved from elimination by the judges? What season did Sam Woolf receive the fewest votes? What was the 500th episode of the series? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up of Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What song did Caleb Johnson release? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner-up of Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What song did Caleb Johnson release? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who returned to host the fourteenth season? Who was the runner-up for the 14th season? Who did Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. return for their respective fourth, third and second seasons? Who did not return as the in-house mentor for this season? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who was the runner-up for the 14th season? How many episodes did Coca Cola air a week during the final ten? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? How many episodes did Coca Cola air a week during the final ten? What company ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? Who released a single called "Forcefield"? What was the name of Fradiani's coronation single? What song did Jax release? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? What was the name of Fradiani's coronation single? What was Nick Fradiani's coronation single? Who released a single called "Forcefield"? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? What is the final season of American Idol? What is the final season of American Idol? Who is the host of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? How many contestants have appeared in the 2012 Idol show? When did the Idol show begin? How many of the Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry all from? How many of the fourteen Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Who are all from North Carolina? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants in 2010? How much more likely to watch American Idol in 2009? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants in 2010? What percent of the CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010 were by contestants with ties to the American South? Who is adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What is the name of the Bible Belt that many people get their start in public singing? What is the name of the Bible Belt that many people get their start in public singing? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What did Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who was named the winner of the season eleven finale? What book did Richard Rushfield write? How many consecutive seasons was the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? What is a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor? What did Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story? Who was named the winner of the season eleven finale? How many Entertainment had to sign a contract that gave excessive control over their future career? Who beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? Who did Ruben Studdard beat in a close vote? When was Vote for the Worst closed? How many text votes did the increase in in season 7) fueled the texting controversy? When did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? In what season did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? How many text votes did the increase in in season 7) fueled the texting controversy? When did Vote for the Girls begin? When was Vote for the Worst closed? What is Idol Gives Back? How much has Idol Gives Back raised? What is Idol Gives Back? When was Idol Gives Back started? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers watched American Idol in 2002? How many people watched American Idol in the finale night? When did American Idol premiere? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers watched American Idol in 2002? How many people watched American Idol in the finale night? How many viewers did the season premiere of American Idol? How many viewers did the season premiere of American Idol attract? Who won over Clay Aiken? What season did American Idol become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time? What season did American Idol reach its peak? How many viewers did the season premiere of American Idol? How many viewers did the season premiere of American Idol attract? How many seasons did American Idol become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time? Which season was the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season? Which season was the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season? What was the show dubbed? What was the name of the show that was dubbed "the Death Star"? Which season was the second highest-rated of the series after the preceding season? What was the show dubbed? What was the decline in viewership over the course of the season? What was the first season of American Idol? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? What was the cause of the fall in viewership across all networks in 2007-2008? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? Who was eliminated from season seven? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? What is the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception? What was the cause of the fall in viewership across all networks in 2007-2008? Who coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol in the same time slot? How many consecutive seasons did American Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? How many viewers did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol in the same time slot? What year did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol? How many viewers did NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics beat Idol? How many years did Idol's extended streak of perfection in the ratings be broken? What was the median age of Fox in its first season? What was the median age of Fox in its first season? What was the median age of Fox in its first season? What was the median age of Fox in its first season? How many years did American Idol lose the leading position in the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? What was American Idol's second position in the 18/49 demo? How many years did American Idol lose the leading position in the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? What was the average viewers of season 12? How many viewers did season 12 viewers average? When did American Idol lose its Top 30 position in Nielsen ratings? How many viewers did the finale of the 18-49 demo have? What was the average viewers of season 12? What was the major sponsor of American Idol? How many viewers watched American Idol's fourteenth season finale? On what date did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? When did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? How many viewers watched American Idol's fourteenth season finale? In what decade did American Idol become the most watched non-scripted primetime television series? How many adults were on Fox in 2012? What was the name of the number one U.S. TV network in 2012? What was the name of the number one U.S. TV network in 2012? Who wrote the show "saved Fox"? What other non-singing TV show did Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance contribute to? What is the name of the singing-competition show that spawned a number of imitating singing-competition shows? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? Who is the president of Mediabase? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many number ones did American Idol alumni achieve on the Billboard charts in its first ten years? Who was the author of books on the Billboard charts? How many radio spins did American Idol have in 2010? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have in 2010? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have in their post-Idol careers? How many albums have the American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have in their post-Idol careers? How many albums have the American Idol alumni amassed in 2013? Who won a role in Dreamgirls? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? What type of theatre is American Idol strongly felt in? Who won a role in Dreamgirls? Who won a role in Dreamgirls? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? Who said that American Idol is crazily entertaining? What was the name of the national anthem that American Idol was sent to sing? Who considered American Idol as crazily entertaining? Who said that American Idol is crazily entertaining? Who said that American Idol is a conniving multimedia monster that has "absorbed the sin of our debauched culture and spit them out in a lump of reconstituted evil"? What was the first anniversary of the 9/11 attacks? Who was Michael Slezak? Who was accused of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness? Who disparaged the contestants on Idol? Who accused Simon Cowell of helping to establish a culture of meanness? What did Sheryl Crow think Idol promote? Who suggested that Idol has reshaped the American songbook? Who was accused of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness? Who disparaged the contestants on Idol? Who was a mentor on American Idol? What year did LeAnn Rimes comment on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who said that Carrie Underwood has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve the award? Who was a mentor on American Idol? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who said that Carrie Underwood has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve the award? Who was a mentor on American Idol? What type of music format is Idol a part of? What type of music is Idol a part of? How many years did American Idol win a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music or Comedy Series? Who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009? How many Creative Arts Emmys did American Idol win in 2007? How many Emmys did American Idol win in 2007? How long was American Idol nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program? What award did American Idol win in 2007? How much did American Idol generate in 2004? How much does the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American reach? What theme park was American Idol partnered with? How much did American Idol generate in 2004? Who did American Idol partner with in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience? In what season did American Idol become the most expensive show for advertisers? How much did American Idol sell for the finale? How much did American Idol's ad revenue go for in 2014? How much did American Idol's ad prices reach in season seven? How many seasons did American Idol start? How much advertising revenue did American Idol earn annually? How much did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost in season one? What was the third major sponsor of American Idol? When did Coca-Cola officially end its sponsorship of American Idol? How many seasons did iTunes sponsor American Idol? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did American Idol's sponsorship deal cost in season one? What was the third major sponsor of American Idol? What did the promotion of AT&T promote? How many product placements did American Idol show by season six? Who did PepsiCo decline to sponsor at the start of American Idol? Who sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor? Who did PepsiCo decline to sponsor at the start of American Idol? Who sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor? When did Pepsi lose market share? What tour was the most successful? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? Who was added to the season twelve tour? Who was the sponsor of the season seven tour? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What tour was the most successful? What year did American Idol release live performances and studio recordings? How many seasons were American Idol's recordings released? How were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What is the name of the winner's coronation single released by American Idol? What was the name of the compilation album that American Idol released for the first five seasons? What was the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program? How were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? What was the name of Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records? What is the name of the Bertelsmann Music Group? Who owns 19 Recordings? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? What is the name of the Bertelsmann Music Group? What was the name of the joint venture that BMG partnered with in 2005-2007? What was the name of UMG's music label? What Disney company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? When did the Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? When did the American Idol Experience close? Who co-produced "The American Idol Experience"? When did the Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? Where did The American Idol Experience begin? What did the winner of the finals show receive? When did the American Idol Experience close? How many nations are broadcasting American Idol? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? When did CTV drop American Idol? In what year did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? How many nations are broadcasting American Idol? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? In what year did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? Who broadcasts the twelfth season in Italy? How many days after the U.S. telecast is it aired in the United Kingdom? Who broadcasts the show every Thursday and Friday after its United States telecast? Who broadcasts the show every Thursday and Friday? Who broadcasts the show every Thursday and Friday after its United States telecast? Who broadcasts the twelfth season in Italy? What were contestants planted by the producers? How many consecutive years did American Idol have? How many consecutive years did American Idol become the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States? What is a domesticated canid? What is a domesticated canid? How long has the domesticated canid been selectively bred? What is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for? What year were extensive genetic studies undertaken? How many years ago were dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? How long ago did dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? What does the starch-rich diet mean for other canid species? What type of studies were undertaken during the 2010s? What is the name of a dog that is a source of meat in some cultures? What is the name of a dog that is a source of meat in some cultures? What are dogs a source of in some cultures? What does the term "domestic dog" come from? What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What is a "powerful dog breed"? What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What was the general word for all domestic canines in England? What was the name of the subtype of hound? In what century did hound become the general word? What was the general word for all domestic canines in England? When did hound become the general word? What did hound refer to in the 16th century? What is the word "hound" derived from? What is the name of a group of offspring? What is the father of a litter called? What are offspring called? What is the process of birth from the Old English word hwelp? What is a male canine called in breeding circles? What is a male canine called in breeding circles? What is a group of offspring? What is the father of a litter called? What is the mother of a litter called? What are offspring called? What did Linnaeus publish in 1758? When did Linnaeus publish a categorization of species which included the Canis species? Who published Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species? What did Linnaeus call the dog "Dog-wolf"? When was the first edition of Mammal Species of the World published? What did Linnaeus publish in 1758? What does Canis familiaris mean? What does Linnaeus call the wolf? What did Linnaeus propose to reduce the number of recognized Canis species? In what year was the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus? In what year did the ICZN rule that wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What was the name of the third edition of the Mammal Species of the World in 2005? Who prefers to use Canis familiaris? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? Who prefers to use Canis familiaris? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? How many sister monophyletic clades did genetic studies support? What is the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves? When did the earliest dogs arose? What dog breed is close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia? What are the earliest dogs arose in the time of? What is the name of the wolf that diverged at the same time as the Taymyr wolf? What breed of dogs are close to the Taimyr wolf? What type of dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal? What is the name of a dog that has powerful muscles and fused wrist bones? What is the name of the scavenger that a dog has? What is the name of the cardiovascular system that supports sprinting and endurance? What does a dog's cardiovascular system support? What is the name of a dog that has teeth for? What is the name of the scavenger that a dog has? What is the tallest dog at the shoulder? What was the largest known dog? What was the largest known dog? What are the two varieties of coats of domestic dogs? What are the coats of domestic dogs made up of? What are the two varieties of coats of domestic dogs? What is the name of the coat of domestic dogs? What is a common camouflage pattern? What color will a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What is a common camouflage pattern? What color will a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What does a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces and light coloring below? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What are some breeds of dogs prone to? What type of parasites are dogs susceptible to? What is a serious medical condition that affects unspayed females of all types and ages? What is a serious medical condition that affects unspayed females? What type of parasites are dogs susceptible to? What is toxic to dogs? What is toxic to dogs? What type of food is toxic to dogs? What is theobromine that is toxic to dogs? What is toxic to dogs? What can be dangerous to dogs? What can be fatal to theobromine poisoning? How long do mixed breeds live on average? What was negatively correlated with longevity? In what year did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? How long do mixed breeds live on average? How long does the median lifespan of dogs range from? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevities of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevities of the longest-lived breeds? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What is the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? What year did "Bluey" die? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What year did "Bluey" die? What is the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? How old is a female dog to mate with more than one male? What does the body prepare for during the estrous cycle? How long is it possible for a female to mate with more than one male to mate with more than one male? What is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle? How long does a dog's litter last after fertilization? How many days does the average litter of a dog bear? How many puppies does an average litter consist of? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many days does the average litter of a dog bear? How many puppies does an average litter consist of? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? What refers to the sterilization of animals? What organization advises that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? What do many animal control agencies advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality in male dogs? What is the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? How are female dogs more likely to develop some forms of cancer? What is the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What does neutering increase in female dogs? Who did a study with inference show that he knew the labels of over 200 different items? What is the border collie called? What are some examples of human body language that dogs are able to read and react appropriately to? Who can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use to solve their problems for them? What is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems? How many different items did Rico know? What skills do dogs have? How many words did the border collie "Chaser" have? What is the estimated lifespan of the oldest domesticated species? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? What are the social-cognitive skills of human children? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? How long have the minds of dogs been shaped by contact with humans? What is the internal response of the domestic dog to internal and/or external stimuli? What are dogs uniquely attuned to? What are the social-cognitive skills of humans? What types of communication do humans use to communicate with dogs? How do humans communicate with dogs? What is the term for dog communication? How do humans communicate with dogs? What is the name of the characteristic that distinguishes gray wolves from domesticated dogs? What is the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles? What are the diagnostic features to distinguish gray wolves from domestic dogs? How often do gray wolves enter estrus? How many fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs in 2016? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? What is the effect of morphology and behavior during dog domestication? What is a fight-or-flight response? What type of aggression does wolves show? What were dogs initially selected for? How were dogs initially selected for their behaviors? How many fixed genes were there in 2016? What type of aggression does wolves show? What is the global dog population estimated at? What is the global dog population estimated at? What are all dog population estimates based on? What type of dog can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What do wolves display when attacking dogs? What are apex predators? What type of dog can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What do wolves kill more frequently than wolves kill? In what country do wolves limit feral dog populations? What are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are known to have a predilection for dogs? What are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are dogs called in scholarly and other writings? What are some of the foods that dogs will healthily digest in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What type of family is a carnivore? What are dogs called in scholarly and other writings? What do dogs not depend on to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What do dogs have adaptations in genes involved in? How old are most breeds of dog? What is the name of the breed that has been artificially selected for specific morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? Where is the height measured to the withers in the Chihuahua? How old are most breeds of dog? How many breeds of dog have developed through selective breeding? What are grays usually called? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What is a non-scientific classification of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What are the types of dogs that have a set of inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other animals within the same species? What type of classification is kept by modern kennel clubs? What is the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are some of the "old world dogs"? What type of dog is Border Collie? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What is another name for "modern"- or "hunting"-type? What do domestic dogs inherited from their wolf ancestors? What is one of the most successful species on the planet today? What is one of the most successful species on the planet today? What do domestic dogs inherited from their wolf ancestors? What is the name of a dog that is a source of meat in some cultures? What is the name of the group that is a source of meat in some cultures? What is the nickname given to dogs in the Western world? What is a source of meat in some cultures? What type of scraps would have been cleaned up by dogs? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for dogs? What type of warning did dogs use to alert the camp to the presence of predators or strangers? How would dogs have improved sanitation? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for dogs? What was an important factor in wolf domestication? In what year did a study of hunter groups with and without a dog give quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication? What is a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf? What is the primary reason for the domestication of the wolf? What type of dogs were used in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes? What land bridge did emigrants from Siberia walk across? How long ago did the earliest evidence of dog-like canids in North America date from? How long ago did the waves enter North America? What was an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America? How many years ago did the Apache and Navajo tribes migrate to North America? What did the use of dogs as pack animals in North America often persisted after? What was found buried together at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding? After what war did pet dog populations grew significantly? When did there change in the role of the pet dog? In the 1950s and 1960s, what were dogs kept outside more often than they tend to be today? Who has a long history of keeping dogs as companions? In the 1950s and 1960s, what were dogs kept outside more often than they tend to be today? When did there change in the role of the pet dog? What is the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? How many trends have there been in the changing status of dogs? How many trends have there been in the changing status of pet dogs? What is the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What type of routines are there? What type of forms are available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? In what century did dog training become a high profile issue? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? In what century did dog training become a high profile issue? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? What type of activity can be traced back to the 18th century? What does the majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? What is the name of the television program that promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What does the majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? On what television program is a dominance model of dog-human relationships promoted? What newspaper did dogs bring in from the lawn? What was the most common way to help with the washing-up? What type of activity is centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog? What type of tasks do many dogs have? What newspaper was brought in from the lawn? How many people have pet dogs in the United States? How many people have pet dogs in the United States? What is the name of the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging? What does MRI mean? What does MRI mean? What does MRI give dogs the ability to recognize? What is the term for magnetic resonance imaging? What does MRI give dogs the ability to recognize? What is the nickname of a husky-terrier mix? What is the name of a dog that has been bred for herding livestock? What have dogs been helping fishermen with? What was the name of the husky-terrier mix in 1957? What was the name of the first animal to orbit the Earth? What is the nickname of a husky-terrier mix? What are dogs bred for? What have dogs been helping fishermen with? What was the name of the husky-terrier mix in 1957? In what year did Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What type of dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities? What type of care does a guardian seek? What is another term for conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is not part of the judging in conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is one of the separately tested qualities in conformation shows? Where is dog meat consumed? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to have medicinal properties? What do proponents of eating dog meat argue that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures view the consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to have medicinal properties in rural areas of Poland? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is gaejang-guk? What is gaejang-guk? What is the name of the dish that is prepared by boiling dog meat? What is gaejang-guk meant to balance the body's heat during? What is the name of the dish that is prepared by boiling dog meat? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? How many fatalities did the US average per year in the 1980s and 1990s? In the 2000s, how many people were bitten by dogs in the U.S. each year? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? In what year did the US average 17 fatalities per year? What is the incidence rate of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? What is a higher chance of being bitten in the face or neck? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What type of study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What is a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year in the United States? What type of vehicles are most commonly involved in dog-associated road accidents? What type of vehicles are most commonly involved in dog-associated road accidents? What is toxocara canis? What type of feces can cause toxocara canis? How many cases of Toxocara canis are reported in humans each year? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? What is toxocara canis? How much of the U.S. population is infected? How many cases of Toxocara canis are reported in humans each year? What percentage of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? In what year did a 2005 paper indicate that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What is a result of absenteeism from school? In what year did a 2005 paper indicate that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What type of exercise did people with pet dogs take? What type of exercise did people with pet dogs take? What are some of the benefits of contact with a dog? What are the benefits of contact with a dog? In what year did a study find that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners? What do people show reductions in when in the presence of a pet dog? What do wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with when they are accompanied by a dog? What were animals introduced into to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What can animal-assisted therapy with a dog increase? What did children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals show? When were animals introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What were animals introduced into to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What type of animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with Alzheimer's disease? What can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? How are medical detection dogs capable of detecting diseases? How much larger is a dog's brain? How many times can a dog detect odour? How much larger is a dog's brain? How many cancer patients have a Labrador Retriever detected? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? How many four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is the name of Yama's watch dogs? Who owns two watch dogs? What kind of figurines are available at the Muthappan Temple? Who owns two watch dogs? What are the watch dogs said to watch over? What is Muthappan's hunting dog? What do offerings at the Muthappan Temple take the form of? What is viewed as unclean in Islam? Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? Who called for dog ownership to be made illegal in the Hague? What are dogs required to wear when searching mosques or Muslim homes? Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam? When did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal? Where did Islamic activists lobby for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What is not allowed to contact passengers in Britain? What do Jews do in Christianity? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed dogs? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed before themselves? What does the Jewish law require Jews to do in Christianity? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? In what country are dogs viewed as kind protectors? What are dogs viewed as in Asian countries? What was the name of the caves that depicted dogs? What type of scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? Where were dogs portrayed? What type of scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? What became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed? What type of health conditions are dogs vulnerable to? What breed is incapable of mounting the female? What is the most common response to scavengers when approached by strangers? What was the most common response when approached by strangers? What is the major focus of modern research on dog cognition? What would have benefited from living in human camps? What is one of the key forces that led to human success? What has been criticised for indicating that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing? What do people who keep pet dogs or cats exhibit better mental and physical health than those who do not? What year was the Summer Olympics held? How long did the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay last? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the name of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the name of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? How many miles did the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay carry? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? On what date did the torch arrive to Beijing? How many continents did the torch pass through? Along what road has the torch visited cities? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? When was the torch lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece? Where did the torch travel to after being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? When did the torch arrive in Beijing? What did the torch do to the top of Mount Everest? How many people protested the torch relay in San Francisco? How many people protested the torch relay in Pyongyang? What did people protest against China's human rights record? Who extinguished the torch relay? Who described the attacks on the torch in London and Paris as "despicable"? What was the number of protesters in San Francisco? Who overwhelmed the protesters in San Francisco? Who overwhelmed the protesters in San Francisco? How many skirmishes were reported between protesters and supporters? Where were no major protests visible in the torch relay? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? Who could be expelled from the games? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? What was the planned torch relay for the Paralympic Games? What was the planned torch relay for the Paralympic Games? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the size of the Olympic Torch? How much does the Olympic Torch weigh? What is used to ignite and extinguish the flame? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What is the size of the Olympic Torch? How many miles per hour is the Olympic Torch? How high is the Olympic Torch? How is the Olympic Torch fueled? What was the name of the chartered Air China Airbus A330? What color was the Air China Airbus A330 painted in? When was Air China chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier? How long did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? What was the name of the Airbus A330? What color was the Air China Airbus A330 painted in? Which airline was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game in March 2008? How many kilometers did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? How many days did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? How many continents did the torch route carry? What was the name of the route that carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to August 2008? What did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan say that the torch route could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as? How many continents did the torch route carry from March 2008 to August 2008? What did the Beijing Organizing Committee attempt to continue negotiations on the torch route? What did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan say that the torch route could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as? How many kilometers did the torch route take in Taiwan? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Who was the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee? Who handed the torch over to the second torchbearer? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? When did the torchbearer be handed over to the Greeks? Who was the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? Who was the silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics? Who handed the torch over to the second torchbearer? How did protests continue in Nepal? What did the Chinese call to boycott the French hypermart? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What was Swastika added to the French flag? Where did Chinese protesters organize boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour? Who was the major shareholder of the French hypermart Carrefour? What did the Chinese government attempt to "calm the situation"? What did the Chinese call to boycott the French hypermart? What did the editorial in the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in orderly and legal manner? What did the editorial in the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in orderly and legal manner? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express in an orderly and legal manner? Where was the first torchbearer in Kazakhstan? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? How long was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? How many Uighur activists were arrested? What was the name of the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the President of Kazakhstan? How long was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? How many Uighur activists were arrested? When was the torch relay leg in Istanbul held? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul finish? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Where was the torch relay leg in Istanbul held? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? Who were the protesters who tried to disrupt the torch relay? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? Where did the Olympic torch start? Where did the Olympic torch finish? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? Where did the Olympic torch arrive on April 5? Where did the Olympic torch start? What was the name of the former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion who was one of the torch bearers? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? Where was the torch relay leg held? When was the torch relay leg held in London? How much did the torch relay cost? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Where was the torch relay leg held? How long was the torch relay leg in London? Who was the chairman of the London Olympic Committee? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who started the torch relay? Who refused to carry the torch? Who welcomed the torch outside 10 Downing Street? Who started the torch relay? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Who welcomed the torch outside Downing Street? Who attempted to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq? When was the torch relay leg held in Paris? What was the first level of the torch relay leg in Paris? What did the torch finish at the town hall? Who did the Chinese flame attendants extinguish the torch? When was the torch relay leg held in Paris? Where was the torch relay leg held? What was the first level of the Eiffel Tower? How many French police protected the torch relay? How many times did the torch relay be put out? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What did ethnic Chinese praise Jin Jing as? What did Chinese officials cancel the torch relay ceremony? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What did ethnic Chinese praise Jin Jing as? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who organised several symbolic protests? What tower did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner from? What cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner from? What tower did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner? Who organised several symbolic protests? What cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang an identical banner from? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who was the President of the French Tibetan community? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? What type of protest did pro-Tibet protesters remain at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What did Jane Birkin speak about in China? What session was granted to MPs to step outside and unfurl a banner that read "Respect for Human Rights in China"? What did the banner read in the National Assembly's session? What did the protesting MPs shout? Who organised a protest? What session was granted to MPs to step outside and unfurl a banner that read "Respect for Human Rights in China"? What did the banner read in the National Assembly's session? What did the protesting MPs shout? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? What newspaper commented that the French police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression? What was forbidden everywhere except on the Tibetan flag? Who was the Minister of the Interior? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? What was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro? Who was the Minister of the Interior? Who struck a cameraman in the face? Where was the torch relay held? On what date did the torch relay occur in San Francisco? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the torch to leave for Buenos Aires? Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? Where was the torch relay held? What was the name of the torch relay in San Francisco? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torch to leave for Buenos Aires? What did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve on April 1, 2008? What did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors welcome the Beijing Olympic torch with? On what date did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? What did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve on April 1, 2008? Where was the United Nations Plaza located? Who led the protests at the United Nations Plaza? What was the name of the bridge that unfurls two banners? Who was Laurel Sutherlin? Who had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened? What was the name of the bridge that unfurls two banners? Who spoke to KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone? How many activists face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance? How many activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners? Where did the torchbearers stay for a half-an-hour? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? How did the torch run end? Where did the torch run end? What was the name of the heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans? When was the torch relay leg held in Buenos Aires? What amphitheatre was held in Costanera Sur? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where was the torch relay leg held? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What did people show the torch relay route with? Who was a pro-Tibet activist? Where did protesters organize an alternative march? What banner was displayed on the torch route? Who was a pro-Tibet activist? What was the name of the alternative march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall? What was the name of a protester's march from the Obelisk to the city hall? What banner was displayed on the torch route? What was a representative of the NGO? Who is the outreach director of HRTR? What is the name of the non-profit that is funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto? Who caused a major setback to "Friends of Falun Gong"? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? How many water balloons were throwing in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What is the name of the non-profit that is funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto? Who caused a major setback to "Friends of Falun Gong"? How many police officers were involved in the torch relay? How many water balloons were throwing in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? How were the protests peaceful in nature? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? When was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? What was the name of the National Stadium built with Chinese aid in 2005? What was the largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? Who lit the torch at the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium? Who was the torch's only stop in the Middle East? On what date did the Sultanate of Oman torch stop? Who was one of the torchbearers? Who was the torch's only stop in the Middle East? How many kilometers did the Sultanate of Oman relay cover? Who was one of the torchbearers? On what date did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad? Where was the torch carried around? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the torch relay? What was the name of the first torch relay in Pakistan? What was the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium? How many runners were in the torch relay in New Delhi? How many runners participated in the torch relay? Which Indian national football captain refused to take part in the torch relay? How many torchbearers did Bhutia refuse to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? How many runners participated in the torch relay in New Delhi? How many runners were in the torch relay in New Delhi? How many runners participated in the torch relay? How many torchbearers did Bhutia refuse to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? Which Indian national football captain refused to take part in the torch relay? What are considered terrorist targets? Who was the Indian ambassador to Beijing? Who cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest? Who was the Commerce Minister of India? When was Nirupama Sen summoned to the Foreign Ministry? What is the name of the celebrations that are considered terrorist targets? What is considered terrorist targets in the Republic Day celebrations? How many Tibetan exiles did India require a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route? What did Indian officials say India was a democracy? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's Tibetan exile community? How many Tibetan exiles did India require a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route? What did Indian officials say India was a democracy? What did Indian officials refuse permission to do? What is the result of the deterioration of relations between India and China? Who is based in India? Who refused to participate in the event? Who did Kiran Bedi refuse to participate in the event? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? When did Soha Ali Khan pull out of the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the event? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? Where was a protest organised on April 16? Who broke up a protest in Delhi on April 16? What did Kiran Bedi say she didn't want to run in the event? What was Thailand's first torchbearer's visit to Thailand? Who was the Chairwoman of the Green World Foundation? Who did the torchbearer Mom Rajawongse boycott? What was Thailand's first torchbearer's visit to Thailand? How many kilometers did the April 18 relay cover? How did Thai authorities threaten to arrest foreign protesters? What was the name of the torchbearer who boycotted the relay? On what date was the event held in Kuala Lumpur? What is the capital city of Malaysia? Where was the first Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? Where was the first Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? How many people escorted the torchbearers? Who were the supporters of Falun Gong? Who were the supporters of Falun Gong? Who hit a Japanese family with a Tibetan flag? Which two countries belong to China? Who took away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Who requested the cancelling of the relay through Jakarta? Who were admitted inside the stadium? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? How many kilometers did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? What was the reason for the cancellation of the original 20 km relay through Jakarta? What was the name of the city main's stadium? Where did protests take place? On what date was the event held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory? Who presented the Olympic flame to? What did Agnes Shea offer the Ngunnawal people? Who argued publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference? Where was the event held? How many km of Canberra's central areas were covered? How many km of Canberra's central areas were covered by the event? Who kept apart the protesters and counter-demonstrators? Who presented the Olympic flame to? What did China request to deploy along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra? What did the Chinese Students and Scholars Association call to do? Who is chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who did China request to deploy along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who is chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who said that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Who said Lin Hatfield Dodds' decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Which foreign minister said Lin Hatfield Dodds' decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the torch relay? Who was the Chief Minister of Australia? Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the torch relay? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? Who was the Chief Minister of Australia? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? On what date was the Winter Olympics held in Nagano? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? What event was held in Nagano? What temple was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano? What was the name of the new starting point in Nagano? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul in 1988? Where did the torch relay begin? What did Chinese students throw on the torch relay? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What event was held in Seoul in 1988? On what date was the Olympic torch held in Pyongyang? Who was the head of the country's parliament? Who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team? What commemorates the national ideology of Juche? How many kilometers did Pak Du Ik travel through Pyongyang? What event was held in Pyongyang on April 28? What was the name of the flag that was waving the torch in Pyongyang? Who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team? What did UNICEF think would be used as a propaganda stunt? What country is frequently listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? What was the name of the UNICEF's children's agency? What did UNICEF withdraw from the United Nations Organization and its children's agency? What does UNICEF want to raise awareness of? What country is frequently listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? When was the torch relay held in Ho Chi Minh City? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? When did anti-Chinese demonstrations occur in Ho Chi Minh City? What is Vietnam involved in in a territorial dispute with China? What was the name of the county-level city in Vietnam? What was the name of the city that the Chinese government established in the disputed territories? Which Vietnamese Prime Minister warned government agencies that "hostile forces" may try to disrupt the torch relay? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? Who was arrested on charges of tax evasion? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? What is the real name of iu Cày? Who was arrested on charges of tax evasion? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? What did the official website remove? On what date was the event held in Hong Kong? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the ceremony held? Where was Golden Bauhinia Square located? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? What event was held in Hong Kong on May 2? Who handed the torch to the first torchbearer? What was the name of the torchbearer that was never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? What type of flames did members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China wave? When did the Tiananmen Square protest? Who wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? What did Christina Chan and some of the protesters take away from the authorities? Who is currently suing the Hong Kong government? What was the name of the protest in 1989? Who was the Legislative Council member? Who wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? What group was led by Jens Galschit? What did Galschit paint? What were Galschit and other people denied entry to Hong Kong in 2008? What actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? How many countries did Cheung Man Kwong say the government's decision to allow Farrow to enter is a violation to? What group was led by Jens Galschit? What did Galschit paint? What were Galschit and other people denied entry to Hong Kong in 2008? What actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? On what date was the first torchbearer to travel to Macau? Where was a ceremony held? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who was the first torchbearer in the relay? What did the article on Macao Daily News say the list of torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese? On what date was the first torchbearer to travel to Macau? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who was the first torchbearer in the relay? Who was the first torchbearer in the relay? Who was the first torchbearer in the relay? Who was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who is the head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation? What year did the torch return to China? What Chinese big names attended the torch's celebrations? What year did the torch return to China? What year did the torch return to China? What is the name of the International Olympic Committee? Which Chinese big names attended the torch's return to China? What did Western reporters in Beijing describe Chinese media coverage of the torch relay as? What have Chinese netizens accused Western media coverage of being biased? Who criticised Libération for its allegedly biased reporting? What media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct from elsewhere? What did Western reporters in Beijing describe Chinese media coverage as? Who did Chinese media not broadcast the torch lighting ceremony? Who criticised Libération for its allegedly biased reporting? What did Libération support? What did the Chinese media focus on in response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests? What did Xinhua condemn? Who said that protesters were "radicals" who "trampled human rights"? What did Xinhua say protesters were? Who said that protesters were "radicals" who "trampled human rights"? Who quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests? What did the official Chinese website for the Delhi relay say that Indian torchbearers vow to run for? What did the torchbearers say should not be mixed? What did the Indian torchbearers vow to run for? What did the torchbearers say should not be mixed? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What did Libération say it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What did Libération say it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What is the name of Cable News Network? What is the name of Cable News Network? Who called on CNN to "apologise" for insulting the Chinese people? What did the BBC publish on April 19? Who said that Chinese people were now able to access the BBC News website for the first time after years of strict censorship? How many people gathered outside the BBC buildings in Manchester and London? Who said that Chinese people were now able to access the BBC News website for the first time after years of strict censorship? What did Paul Danahar say people who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge? Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" Who published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" What was the name of the anti-CNN website that was run by the Chinese government? Who created the anti-CNN website? Who created the anti-CNN website? Who voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website? How many unarmed attendants were selected from the People's Armed Police? In what year was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What are the attendants supposed to accompany the torch every step of the way? What is the name of the torch attendants? How many unarmed attendants were selected from the People's Armed Police? In what year was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What color tracksuits do the attendants wear? What is the name of the torch attendants? When did the call to boycott French hypermart begin spreading? Who was the major shareholder of Carrefour? Who did the LVMH Group donate funds to? What was Swastika added to? Who was the major shareholder of Carrefour? What did Chinese protesters accuse the French nation of? When did the anti-Japanese protests occur? What was the name of the article that urged Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? What was the name of the internet forum that the Chinese government censored? On what date did the protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores? When did the anti-Japanese protests occur? What was the name of the article that urged Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? Who attempted to calm the protests? Where did the protests take place? Who was the mayor of Nagano? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say it has become? What Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay? Who was the mayor of Nagano? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say it has become? What Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay? How many lanterns is the Olympic Flame kept alight? How many lanterns is the Olympic Flame kept alight? Which Hong Kong legislator was not allowed to enter Macau? Who was the official Chinese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel"? Who initially gave Jin Jing little mention? How many attendants will accompany the flame on the Mainland China route? How many attendants will accompany the flame on the Mainland China route? What did Principia Mathematica's book drew important connections between? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica? Who wrote the incompleteness theorem of 1931? What was Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931? Who wrote a book about Principia Mathematica? What was Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931? What could not be deduced from Principia Mathematica's axioms and inference rules? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica? What did Principia Mathematica's book drew important connections between? When was The Aims of Education delivered? What did Whitehead caution against the teaching of? What did Whitehead say is not only useless, he opined that education with inert ideas is harmful? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? In what year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? What did Whitehead say about inert ideas? How many important concepts did Whitehead advocate? What did Whitehead believe that a student could link to many different areas of knowledge? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? How many important concepts did Whitehead advocate? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? Why did Whitehead never have formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education? What did Whitehead's ignorance of science forbid him to enter? In what century did Whitehead become one of the foremost metaphysicians? Who wrote a letter to Whitehead? What type of education did Whitehead never have? Who wrote a letter to Whitehead? What did Whitehead consider himself to be? In what century did Whitehead become one of the foremost metaphysicians? What did Whitehead say he dislikes metaphysics? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? Why did Whitehead believe that people need to re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works? What did Whitehead believe metaphysical investigations are essential to? Who makes metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What did Whitehead believe people need to re-imagine? What did Whitehead believe metaphysical investigations are essential to? What is the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of? What did Whitehead argue about event-based ontology? What did Whitehead use the term "experience" very broadly? How many different kinds of real existence did Whitehead oppose? What did Whitehead refer to his metaphysical system as? What idea did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What type of ontology did Whitehead reject? What did Whitehead argue that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as? What did Whitehead refer to his metaphysical system as? What have materialists mistaken the abstract for? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What does the "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What is a continuum of overlapping events? What does Whitehead call a "society" of events? What does Whitehead call the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"? What does the "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What concepts are problematic in Whitehead's view? What does Whitehead call the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"? What is a continuum of overlapping events? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What type of identity is a thing or person often seen as having? What are changes that are qualitative and secondary to their core identity? What is a "core identity" that is unchanging? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What is a useful way of speaking? What do people define? What is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What is a convenient generalized description of a continuum of concrete processes? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead point out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead believe each thing is a different from a moment ago? What is a matter that is only externally related to other things? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as fundamentally separate in time and space? What do relations take a primary role in Whitehead's view? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What does materialism obscure? What does materialism obscure the importance of? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What kind of clump of matter is related to other things? What does Whitehead describe any entity as? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to? What could not be said to be true if a thing made no difference to any other entity? What are relations not secondary to? What does Whitehead describe a entity as in some sense? What could not be said to really exist? What are relations not secondary to? What does Whitehead describe a entity as? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to conform to? Where did Whitehead's interest extend to? Who was one of the first theologians to interact with Whitehead's thought? In what year were Temple's Gifford Lectures published? What is one of the first theologians to interact with Whitehead's thought? What fields did Whitehead come from? Where were early followers of Whitehead found? Who initiated an interest in Whitehead's work? Who was the most notable scholar of Whitehead? Who did Wieman, Hartshorne, Loomer, Meland, and Daniel Day Williams teach? What country has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? What has China begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? What does China blend with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? Which Chinese process philosophers are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students? What does Cobb's emphasis on an educational system include? What does Whitehead believe matter is? What is one reason Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What is the perception of Whitehead's metaphysics as? What has Whitehead not been recognized as particularly influential in? What is one philosophical school that has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy? Who did Whitehead think of? Who is one example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism? Who was one of the founders of pragmatism? Who was a student of Hartshorne? What has Whitehead's theory of gravitation been severely criticized? Who are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead? What has Whitehead's view been rendered obsolete? What is phenonena observed locally that violates the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes? What must Whitehead's cosmology be regarded as? What award did Cobb receive? What was the name of the first single-authored book in environmental ethics? What was the name of the book that Cobb co-authored? What was the name of Cobb's second book? What was the purpose of Cobb's second book? Who developed the FEELS model? What are the five things that "FEELS" stands for in curriculum and education? What is the FEELS model used for? What is the result of the FEELS model? Who is one of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What type of thought does Mark Dibben use to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration? What are some of the papers Dibben has published in the field of applied process thought? What has Whitehead had some influence on? What does Dibben's work allow for a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing? When did Whitehead turn his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What does Whitehead believe reality consists of? What did Whitehead reject the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by? What are the foundational texts of process philosophy? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What did Whitehead turn his attention to? What system did Whitehead develop that radically departed from most of western philosophy? What does Whitehead believe reality consists of? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? In what year was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who was Whitehead's grandfather? What was the name of the successful school for boys established by Whitehead? Who was Whitehead's mother? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? In what year was Alfred North Whitehead born? What was the name of Whitehead's father? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's wife? What system did Whitehead accept in 1918? Who was the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in 1918? Who was the chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council in 1920? When did Whitehead leave America? What did Whitehead do to help establish a Bachelor of Science degree? What year was Whitehead elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? Who was the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in 1918? Who was the Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? When did Whitehead leave America? Who wrote the biography of Whitehead? What did Lowe's family want to destroy all of Whitehead's papers after his death? What was Whitehead known for? What was the name of Lowe's biography? What is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead? Who wrote the biography of Whitehead? What did Lowe's family do after Whitehead's death? What was Whitehead known for? In what year was Principia Mathematica published? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? Who did Whitehead's first two books focus on? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? What is Principia Mathematica regarded as one of the most important works in? What did Whitehead write? Who wrote a treatise on Universal Algebra? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? When was a Treatise on Universal Algebra published? What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to? What is the main idea of the work that is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them? What did G. B. Mathews write? What type of structures did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions need to expand? What did G. B. Mathews write? What is the main idea of the work that is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take? How many pages was Principia Mathematica? How many pounds did the Royal Society of London pay for Principia Mathematica? Why is there no major academic library in the world that does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica? How long did Principia Mathematica take to complete? How long did Principia Mathematica take? How many pages of work did Whitehead and Russell initially publish? How many pages was Principia Mathematica published? Who paid for the loss of 300 pounds of Principia Mathematica? What is Whitehead's philosophical work considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? In what year did Arthur Eddington publish Process and Reality? What was the name of Whitehead's book? Who struggled to follow Whitehead's writings? What was the name of Whitehead's book? When did Whitehead's Gifford lectures begin? What is the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? What did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books not negatively affect his interest? What did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School perceive the importance of Whitehead? Who did Chicago's Divinity School invite to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? How long was Henry Nelson Wieman taught at Chicago's Divinity School? Who was frustrated with Whitehead's books? What school was closely associated with Whitehead's thought? Who did Chicago's Divinity School invite to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? Who did Chicago's Divinity School invite to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? Who did Wieman hire to teach at Chicago's Divinity School? What is the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? What does the text of Process and Reality demand that its readers accept to separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What has been called the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? Who wrote Process and Reality? What did Whitehead think about western philosophy? What did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What did Whitehead provide in the 21st century? What is the absolute principle of existence for Whitehead? What is the absolute principle of existence? What do most entities not have? What means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable? What is the absolute principle of existence for Whitehead? What is a valuation of an entity? What is not fully determined by? What does prehension come from? What does the mind only have about other entities? What term did Whitehead use to describe perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings? What does prehension come from? What does prehension mean? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate? How many modes does Whitehead view perception as occurring? What does the term "prehension" apply to? What does the term "prehension" mean? What is the term for presentational immediacy? What is the sense of causal relations between entities? What is pure appearance? What does Whitehead describe as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead call causal efficacy? What is the term for "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead believe a dog would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? What does Whitehead call a person's encounter with a chair? What does Whitehead believe a dog would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? What is a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refrain from it? What are the sense perceptions that indicate a higher grade mentality? What does "symbolic reference" mean? What does Whitehead believe a person would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? What does Whitehead believe a person could not have jumped to the notion of a chair? What did Whitehead say a dog would have acted immediately on? What is comparatively deficient in survival value? What is the mark of higher forms of life? What is the goal of higher forms of life? What does Whitehead see life as directed toward? What is the startling observation that life is comparatively deficient in? What is the mark of higher forms of life? How manyfold is the goal of living, living well, and living better? What does Whitehead see life as directed toward? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as? What did Whitehead say humans did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them? What did Whitehead call the idea of God? Who gave unto God the attributes that belonged exclusively to Caesar? What is Whitehead's most important attribute? What is God not necessarily tied to? What did Whitehead think of God as a "dipolar" entity? What did Whitehead think of God as a "dipolar" entity? What entity did Whitehead call for fresh theological thinking? What did Whitehead's system require to exist among possibilities? What is God's reception of? What does God cherish? What is the judgment of a tenderness that loses nothing that can be saved? What do the experiences of God change? What do finite creatures have an eternal significance? What does Whitehead see God as? What does Whitehead see God as? What does Whitehead see God and the world as fulfilling? What does Whitehead see entities in the world as fluent and changing? What does Whitehead do to the rest of the universe? What was the core of religion for Whitehead? What was Whitehead's most famous remark on religion? What did Whitehead see religion as? What type of influence did Whitehead see religion as? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in? What does religion necessitate the realization of? What does Whitehead believe that the universe is a community that makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others? What does the spirit at once surrender to? How are the individual and universal/social aspects of religion dependent? Who did Whitehead work with? Who called Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"? How many liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs does Whitehead have? Who did Whitehead teach and supervise? Who was the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror? In what field has Whitehead's work been most influential? Who is credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology? What did Hartshorne develop Whitehead's process philosophy into? Who are some of the notable process theologians? What does process theology typically stresses? What is the being who is supremely affected by temporal events? What does Hartshorne believe people would not praise a human ruler? Who is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world? What does C. Robert Mesle advocate? How has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books? What did Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with? Who was Charles Birch? Who wrote Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age? What are process theologians so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests? What did Whitehead call religion? What does religion contextualize deeply felt emotions? What does religion serve as? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people? What fields did Mary Parker Follett pioneer in? What do Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology thatunderstands becoming as a relational process? What is Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration? How did many asset managers choose to continue to invest client funds in over-priced investments? What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? What type of investment managers are compensated based on the volume of client assets under management? What is an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? What was supported by the choice of investing client funds in over-priced investments? What was IndyMac a spin-off of? When did IndyMac Bank fail? What was the name of the spin-off of Countrywide Financial? What was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market? What was IndyMac Bancorp's parent corporation? When did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What was IndyMac's capital ratio? How much did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on Mortgage-backed security bonds? Who downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What was the minimum risk-based capital ratio of the bank? Who would have been referring to a little over $7 billion in brokered deposits? What was the name of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? How much did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up IndyMac's total deposits? When did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits? How much did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on June 30? How much of IndyMac's deposits did account holders withdraw in 2008? How much of IndyMac's deposits did account holders withdraw in 2008? How much did IndyMac hold of loans it could not sell in the secondary market? Who wrote a letter to the FDIC and OTS? What was the underlying cause of IndyMac's demise? What is the name of the bridge bank that was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts? How much does the FDIC guarantee the funds of all insured accounts? How many depositors did the FDIC declare a special advance dividend to? When did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? When did the FDIC announce plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008? What investment bank did Bear Stearns collapse in March 2008? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? When did Lehman Brothers file the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history? Who did Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG stand for? What was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds? What type of paper did corporations use to fund their operations and payrolls? When did the crisis hit its most critical stage? How much did the withdrawal from money markets cost during a week? How much did the TED spread reach on October 10, 2008? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis? What did the shadow banking system not have the ability to obtain in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper? Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary? How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? What institution said that the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009? What are some forms of securitization likely to vanish forever? What does the Brookings Institution say the traditional banking system does not have? How much of their collective net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? What percentage of the S&P 500 was down in 2008? How much did housing prices drop from their 2006 peak? What was the total value of home equity in the United States in 2006? What was the total value of home equity in the United States in 2008? What is a serious default risk for a homeowner who has no equity? What is the problem with the economy? How many homeowners are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression? What does the creditworthiness of a business depend on? In what year did a homeowner with equity in her home look much worse than they did in 2007? What has prompted fears of a global economic collapse? Who said that 2008 would see a clear global recession? How many quarters would the Eurozone's last? How many of Iceland's major banks were involved in the economic crisis? What did the world start to make the necessary actions to fix the crisis? How much of the growth in global consumption did U.S. consumption account for between 2000 and 2007? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for the first quarter of 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for the first quarter of 2009? Who was the source of global demand in the U.S.? What is the recession in the U.S.? How much growth did Kenya achieve in 2009? How much did the growth of migrant workers reach in 2007? How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh? Who is the German DEG? What is the reason for the reductions in growth? What country was able to avoid going to the market in 2008? What type of investment did Arab countries avoid going to the market in the latter part of 2008? What is the biggest impact of the global economic crisis? What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? What remains the single most important determinant of economic performance? What was the unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2009? What was the average hours per work week in the U.S.? What was the annual rate of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States? What was the highest unemployment rate in the U.S. by October 2009? What is the number of patent applications flat-lined? What does Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address the problem of? What caused major banks to suffer losses from AAA-rated? What regulations did European regulators introduce for banks? Who argues that regulations have led to excessive lending to risky governments? What did the European regulators introduce Basel III regulations for banks? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to? In what year did TIME magazine declare The Banking Crisis Is Over? When did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are now stabilized? What were emerging and developing economies lagging behind? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? Who led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? Who said that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report on the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis? When did the first signs of decline in residential real estate occur? What type of securities did CMBS underwriting occur prior to the crisis? What did analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate took place after the crisis in residential real estate? What was the name of the product that Wall Street investment banks were assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies? How much money did a "Giant Pool of Money" represent in worldwide fixed income investments? What was the size of a "Giant Pool of Money"? What was the name of the product that Wall Street investment banks did? What did NPR correspondents argue that a "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds? What enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending? What did collateralized debt obligation enable financial institutions to obtain to finance subprime and other lending? What was the first rating of securities that received investment-grade ratings from rating agencies? What does collateralized debt obligation place cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into? What type of rating did securities with lower priority receive? What was the average U.S. housing price by September 2008? What was the average U.S. housing price by September 2008? How many properties did lenders begin foreclosure proceedings on in 2007? What was the increase in foreclosure proceedings in 2008? By September 2009, what percentage of all U.S. mortgages were delinquent or in foreclosure? What was the federal funds rate target from 2000 to 2003? What did the Federal Reserve do to combat the risk of deflation? What did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble? What contributed greatly to the severity of the crisis? What did the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 2000 to 2003? How much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? What percentage of GDP did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? What were the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations? What does a country running a current account deficit have? What kind of funds did the US use to finance imports? When did the Fed raise the Fed funds rate? What does ARM stand for? What do asset prices generally move inversely to? What did the Fed raise between July 2004 and July 2006? What did the U.S. housing and financial assets decline in value after the housing bubble burst? How many professional underwriters did Bowen III have? How many professional underwriters did Bowen III have? How many mortgage companies were "defective" by 2006? How many mortgage companies were "defective" by 2006? How much of production did defective mortgages increase in 2007? What is the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization company in the United States and Europe? What percentage of mortgages did Clayton Holdings review? How many investment and commercial banks did Clayton Holdings have? What percentage of the sampled loans did not meet the minimum standards of any issuer? How many mortgages did Clayton Holdings review from January 2006 to June 2007? What does predatory lending refer to? Who used the bait-and-switch method? What is an adjustable rate mortgage? What caused the consumer to be put into an adjustable rate mortgage? What method was used by Countrywide Financial to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? Who sued Countrywide? What was the name of the adjustable rate mortgages that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments? What caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate? Who decided to seize Countrywide's lender? What did Countrywide do to homeowners with weak credit? Who argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? Who argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What study suggests that bank regulation based on Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? What did the regulatory framework not keep pace with? What did OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on? What did financial institutions become prior to the crisis? What type of instruments made it difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor and try to reduce risk levels? What did these instruments make it impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What did these instruments make it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions? What type of instruments were used to leverage financial institutions? How many U.S. investment banks increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007? What did the top five U.S. investment banks increase their vulnerability to? What did the changes in the U.S. investment banks allow lower risk weightings for AAA securities? How much debt did the top five U.S. investment banks report in 2007? What company went bankrupt and was liquidated? What can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior? What is the paradox of thrift? What is the paradox of thrift? Who described a "paradox of deleveraging"? What does Minsky call a "paradox of deleveraging"? Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in 2009? What did Janet Yellen say we were in when the credit crunch hit? What did Janet Yellen say we were in when the credit crunch hit? What are businesses cancelling and laying off workers to preserve cash? What has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve specific client objectives? What is one example of a financial innovation? What is a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps? What is the term for collateralized debt obligations? How did the use of credit default swaps increase in the years leading up to the crisis? When did CDO issuance reach its peak? What was the estimated amount of CDO issuance in 2004? How much did CDO issuance increase by Q1 2007? What percentage of CDO assets did the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increase from 2000 to 2007? How much did CDO issuance decline by Q1 2008? What type of products went hand in hand with more complexity? How did the boom in innovative financial products increase the number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What type of information did the actorsrely on to increase their distance from the underlying asset? What were the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks? In what year did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? What can the pricing of risk be measured by? What refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? In what format was the financial crisis more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed? What made the financial crisis more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels were disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format? What did market participants not accurately measure? What did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation such as MBS and CDOs? What was the average recovery rate for "high quality" CDOs? What was the recovery rate for mezzanine CDO? What was the estimated amount of CDOs sold between "late 2005 to the middle of 2007"? Who insured obligations of various financial institutions through the use of credit default swaps? What did AIG use in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted? When was AIG taken over by the government? How much money did the US taxpayers provide to AIG? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party B in the event party B defaulted? Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves? What became more complex as financial assets became more and harder to value? Who was responsible for the abdication of responsibility? What did George Soros say about the super-boom? What did the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators accept as valid? Who published the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? In what year did Merrill Lynch hold a conference? Who wrote the book "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What did several practitioners try to rectify in 2006? In what year did Merrill Lynch hold a conference? Who was the President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank? In what year did Geithner become Secretary of the US Treasury? What did Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on? What was Timothy Geithner's term for the "parallel" banking system? Why were these entities vulnerable? When did the securitization markets begin to close down? When did the securitization markets close down? How much of the private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? What institution says the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap? How long would it take to generate sufficient capital to support the additional lending volume? Who testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010? What markets remain impaired as investors anticipate more loan losses? How much did private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities peaked in 2006? How much was private issuance in 2009? What program supported credit card, auto, and small-business lenders? How did the price of oil triple from 2007 to 2008? How much did the price of oil triple from 2007 to 2008? When did the financial crisis begin to take hold? What is one of the causes of the financial crisis? What does the increase in oil prices tend to divert a larger share of consumer spending into? Who was the former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets? What did Michael Greenberger call the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange? Who founded the IntercontinentalExchange? What was the name of the IntercontinentalExchange? Where was the IntercontinentalExchange located? Which Feminist economists argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? What do Feminist economists call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics profession? What do Feminist economists call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics profession? What do Feminist economists call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics profession? Who was the current Governor of the Reserve Bank of India? When did Raghuram Rajan become chief economist at the International Monetary Fund? Who was the chairman of the US Federal Reserve? What did Raghuram Rajan write in 2005? What are these risks known as? Who spoke of the Great Moderation? What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? How many economists did Dirk Bezemer predict the financial crisis? Who regarded the crisis as a vindication? Who confessed himself forced to return to the crisis? What magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s? In what year did the Great Depression occur? What is the name of the online business journal that examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? Which economist warned of a financial crisis as early as September 2006? What did The New York Times call Roubini? Who wrote The Black Swan? Who wrote The Black Swan? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn against? What did Taleb make a big financial bet on? Who believes distinctions exist between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? How much did Dow Jones average fall over a period of 17 months? What was Dow Jones' average fall in 17 months? Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times? What was one of the first victims of Northern Rock? Who did Northern Rock request security from? When did Northern Rock run? In what year did the British government fail to find a private sector buyer? What was one of the first victims of Northern Rock? What did IndyMac often make loans without verification of? What type of loans did IndyMac make without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What did IndyMac often make loans without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What was IndyMac's business model? What did IndyMac do to the regulating agencies? How many of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? What percentage of all Americans declined in the period between 2007 and 2009? How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? Who predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP? How much did the European Commission predict for 2009? What was the negative number for the UK in 2009? Who launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3% for 2009? How much did the IMF predict for 2009? What has the U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks taken steps to expand money supplies? What have governments enacted to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis? What role did the U.S. Federal Reserve play during the crisis? What did the U.S. Federal Reserve's new liquidity facilities enable the central bank to fulfill during the crisis? What is the result of a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption? What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse? How much did the central banks purchase in 2008? How much did the governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks? Who was the Nobel laureate in 2010? What did the Federal Reserve invest in? When did Obama introduce a series of regulatory proposals? What do the proposals address? What type of trading did Obama propose in 2010? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? When did the Senate pass a reform bill? When did the House pass a reform bill? What is not part of the legislation? When did the Senate pass a reform bill? Who prevented the collapse of large financial institutions? What is the estimated amount of consumer wealth in the U.S.? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? What year was the global recession? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? When did the U.S. housing bubble peaked? When did securities suffer large losses? What was the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate? What type of mortgages did the financial crisis provide for subprime borrowers? What did banks and insurance companies lack to back the financial commitments they were making? What report concluded that the financial crisis was the result of high risk, complex financial products and conflicts of interest? When was the Glass-Steagall Act repealed? Who concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision"? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission believe the crisis was caused by? What did governments not adjust to address 21st century financial markets? What was the name of the financial agreements that derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices? What was the name of the financial agreement that derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices? What were major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS? How did institutions and investors invest in the U.S. housing market? What did the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities come from? What is the estimated amount of losses in the U.S.? What is the financial incentive to enter? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What type of loans did the foreclosure epidemic begin? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What was the shadow banking system also known as? What was the shadow banking system also known as? What is the process called that caused the financial system to expand and become increasingly fragile? What has the U.S. Government policy emphasized to encourage business? What has the U.S. government emphasized in the 1970s? What did some regulated banks have to do to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses? What did the losses of financial institutions cause? What did central banks provide to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets? Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs? What did banks not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? What did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission say was caused by? What was the name of the Federal Reserve's failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? Who was ill prepared for the crisis? How many financial firms did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission take on too much risk? What did mortgage lenders relax underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers? When did the GSEs maintain high underwriting standards? When were the worst loans originated? When were the worst loans originated? What type of enterprises did the GSEs police? How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? Who has even claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What did GSE loans perform better than loans securitized by private investment banks? How many Republican appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? Who did Peter J. Wallison believe the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? Who initiated affordable housing policies in the 1990s? How many ex-executives of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac did Peter J. Wallison hold in 2008? What was the name of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight? Who called for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? When did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues? What did the hearings never result in? What committee held a hearing on September 10, 2003? How much did CRA-covered lenders make of mortgage lending? How much of all U.S. mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered institutions? What was the percentage of mortgage lending made by CRA-covered institutions? How much of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? How much of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? When did CRA rule changes occur? How much did CRA loan commitments total in the years between 1994 and 2007? What are the percentage points over average of high-interest-rate loans? What is not surprising about the delay between CRA rule changes and the explosion of subprime lending? When was the terrorist attack? What did investment banks use to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? In what article did Michael Lewis speak with a trader who noted that there weren't enough Americans with bad credit taking out bad loans to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What type of loans did Wallison support? What type of loans did Wallison support? What type of loans did the US residential housing bubble support? What did Wallison say other developed countries had during the 1997-2007 period? Who did Peter J. Wallison say is not true that every bubble has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates? How many miles east of Puerto Rico is St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the channel that separates St. Barthélemy from Saint Martin? What are the Roques? What is the name of the island that is separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel? What satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy? What is the native tongue of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the native tongue of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? How many people speak the St. Barthélemy French patois? What is the native tongue of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the geographical preference between the Créole and Patois? Which island has a president and a unicameral Territorial Council? How many years is the first territorial council elected? In what year did the last election take place? When did the COM status take effect? How many members are elected by popular vote? When was the last election held? What country is responsible for the defence of the island? Who represents the island in the French Senate? When was the first election held? How many policemen are on the island? What is difficult on the island due to the dry and rocky terrain? What type of potato is grown in patches? What did the early settlers produce on the island? What did the early settlers produce on the island? What port did the islanders develop commerce through? What is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of? How many people visit St. Barthélemy every year? What is the price for a beachfront villa? Who generates wealth on St. Barthélemy? How is most of the food imported from the US or France? How many rooms does St. Barthélemy have? How many rooms does St. Barthélemy have? What country attracts a labour force from? How many rooms does Hotel Le Toiny have? How many private villas are available to rent on the island? What type of plants do the hills support? What part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall? In what year did a survey of the island reveal several hundred indigenous species of plants? What is a common sight on the island with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps? Where was coconut palm brought to the island? What is another name for aloe vera? What is the name of the night blooming on the island? Where was the yellow bell originally from? In what year was the British army invaded? What type of pear was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773? When are the dolphins, porpoises and whales seen? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is their favourite diet? Where do the green turtles live? What type of shells does the aquafauna have? What type of fish does the aquafauna have? What species of fish are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters? What type of crabs live on the beach in small burrowed tunnels made in sand? What do hermit crabs eat? How many ha does the Reserve Naturelle cover? What is the Reserve Naturelle designed to protect? What is prohibited in the Reserve? What is the name of the marine nature reserve in Saint-Barthélemy? What is prohibited in the Reserve? Who built the three forts in the town? What was the name of the fort that was built by the Swedes for defense purposes? When was the Fort Gustav built? What has been replaced by a modern military building that houses the local gendarmerie? Where is Fort Oscar located? How many restaurants are on St. Barthélemy? Where are many of the finest restaurants located in St. Barthélemy? What does the French call the snack restaurants in St. Barthélemy? What type of dishes are in St. Barthélemy? What type of event does St. Barthélemy host throughout the year? When is the Transat AG2R Race held? Where does the Transat AG2R Race originate? How long is the Transat AG2R Race? How long is the Transat AG2R Race? How many sailors navigate each boat? Where is Gustaf III Airport located? What is the name of the airport that is located on the north coast of St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the airport that provides connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the name of the airport located on the north coast of St. Barthélemy? What is the overseas collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the name of the territory collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? In what language is the island Ouanalao called? What is the name of the indigenous people in Saint-Barth? How far from Puerto Rico is St. Barthélemy? What is the population of Saint Barthélemy? How many people live on Saint Barthélemy? What is the capital of Saint Barthélemy? What was the only Caribbean island that was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time? When is Saint Barthélemy a popular tourist destination? What is the name of the overseas region and department of France? When did the referendum take place? In what year did Saint Barthélemy become an Overseas Collectivity? What is the name of the town hall on the island? Who represents the island in Paris? What is the name of the island that provides temporary anchorage for small vessels? How many fathoms patch does Colombier Bay have? How are the north and east sides of St. Jean Bay fringed? What type of waters are reefs mostly in? What are some of the offshore reefs part of? What are the public beaches on St Barthélémy known as? How many public beaches on St Barthélémy are considered suitable for swimming? What are the two groups of public beaches on St Barthélémy called? What are some of the public beaches on St Barthélémy known as? What are the windward beaches popular for? What is the climate of the island? How many square kilometres is the island? What is the average rainfall on the island? When is Summer on the island? What is the lowest night temperature recorded? When did the British invade the harbour town? When did the Swedes occupy Gustavia? What was the port known as earlier to their occupation? What did the Swedes rename the port as? What war was on in the 18th century? What is the name of the historical museum that is located on the far end of La Pointe? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? Where is the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy located? What is the history of the island? What type of houses are on display at the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is the genetic material of an organism? What is the RNA in RNA viruses? What does the genome consist of in RNA viruses? Who was the professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany? What was the name of the botany professor at the University of Hamburg, Germany? Where was Winkler a professor of botany? What is another name for biome? How many chromosomes does the gamete have in a sexually reproducing organism? What is accomplished by segregation of homologous chromosomes in gametes? What types of organisms have a single or set of circular or linear chains of DNA? What is the study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms usually referred to as? What does genomics generally study? What do people say the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been? What is a rough correlation between base pairs and the number of genes known as? What causes trichomoniasis? What is the highest known number of genes? How many times is the highest known number of genes in the human genome? Who was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What is the name of the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? Who completed the first DNA-genome sequence? What was the name of the first bacterial genome to be sequenced? When was the first genome sequence for an archaeon completed? Who maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information? What is one of the completed genome sequencing projects? What is one of the many completed genome sequencing projects? When did scientists first sequence the entire genome of a Neanderthal? How many years old was the Neanderthal? What type of sequencing technologies have opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who pioneered the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who was one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA? Who was one of the co-discoverers of the genome of James D. Watson? How does a genome map identify landmarks? What project was organized to map and sequence the human genome? Who released a detailed genomic map? Who released a detailed genomic map? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? How can scientists understand the evolutionary history of a given genome? What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What is exon-intron organization of protein coding genes? Where is the major part of the genome composed of repetitive DNA? What is another example of sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe? What are most biological entities that are more complex than a virus? What is the "genome" meant to include? What are eukaryotes? What is the DNA found in the chloroplast referred to as? What is the term for mitochondrial genome? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? What is the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes? What does repetitive DNA act on the genomes? What is experimental work being done on? How is the work done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms? What are generally non-repetitive DNA? What is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size? How is the proportion of non-repetitive DNA calculated? What type of DNA does C. elegans have? What type of eukaryotes have more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA? What is the proportion of non-repetitive DNA in some plants and amphibians? What are the two categories of repetitive DNA in genome? How is the proportion of repetitive DNA calculated? What type of repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication? What are forms of tandem repeats in the genome? What is the largest proportion of tandem repeats in mammalian? What is an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes? What is an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes? What is the classification of TEs? What are the two categories of TEs? What can retrotransposons be transcribed into? How do DNA transposons move in the genome? What does Class 2 TEs not use as intermediate? What is chromosome number? What is chromosome number? What do duplications play a major role in shaping the genome? What are duplications fundamental to the creation of? What is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise distantly related? What type of organisms seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes? What does eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes? What is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What type of school system does a comprehensive school not select its intake on the basis of selection criteria? What is the term used in relation to the selective school system? What percentage of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools? What type of school does a comprehensive school correspond to? What are some practical subjects in a comprehensive school? Who provide post-16 provision? What government initiatives have made the comprehensive ideal less certain? How many selective grammar schools are still in operation? When were comprehensive schools introduced to England and Wales? What were comprehensive schools conceived as? What kind of schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area? When did Finland use comprehensive schools? How old is peruskoulu? What type of school does the Gesamtschule have? What kind of courses do the Gesamtschule offer? What are the mainschulabschluss, Realschulabschluss, and Abitur? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What is the name of the cityteilschule in Hamburg? What is the name of the new comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? When were Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What is the name of the school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes? What is the term for the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife? What school does not exist in some States of Germany? What is the average grade of Gymnasium senior students? Who was the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? Who stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government? Who was the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? What was Sigrid Beer's name? What type of students might Gesamtschulen put bright working class students at risk according to several studies? What could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers? What is the name of the school that performs the poorest? Who was a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools? Who did Fend compare alumni of the tripartite system to? When was Gibraltar's first comprehensive school opened? What type of school does Gibraltar have? What can students continue into the sixth form of Gibraltar's comprehensive school? What was introduced into Ireland in 1966? Who was the Minister for Education? What was the only system of schools completely controlled by the state? What concept has the comprehensive school system been superseded by? What was the secular community model of Ireland's comprehensive schools replaced by? Who owns the school property? What was removed from the community school model in the 1970s? What type of schools have tended to be entirely new foundations? In what year was Walworth School set up? How many 'experimental' comprehensive schools were set up in 1946? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Anglesey? When was Holyhead County School founded? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Coventry? Who was Secretary of State for Education in the 1964-1970 Labour government? Who was Secretary of State for Education in 1965? What type of schools were never widely implemented? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What type of schools were established under Margaret Thatcher? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What year did the majority of local authorities abandon the 11-plus examination? What were secondary modern schools and grammar schools amalgamated to form? What did Sandwell and Dudley change to during the 1970s? Which local authorities changed all of their state secondary schools to comprehensive schools in the 1970s? Who launched the 'great debate' on the education system in 1976? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? Who launched the great debate on the education system in 1976? When was the Education Reform Act passed? When was the Education Reform Act passed? What is government policy currently promoting? What has the logic of implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools? What is Scotland's educational system based on? What has the Scottish Government rejected as of 2005? What year did the Scottish Government reject plans for specialist schools? What country uses education in Northern Ireland? In what country is education similar to Scotland? What is the French name of the Republic of the Congo? Where is the Central African Republic located? How many countries are bordered by the Republic of the Congo? How many countries are bordered by the Republic of the Congo? Where is the Republic of the Congo located? Who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin? When did Congo-Brazzaville become the Republic of the Congo? Who was the President of the Republic of the Congo? In what year was the Republic of the Congo Civil War ousted? What was the fourth largest oil producer in Guinea-Bissau? What was the result of the poor state of infrastructure and public services? What was the name of the group that occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo? When did the Pygmy people arrive? What ethnic group occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? What did European merchants trade in the Bantu kingdoms? When did direct European colonization of the Congo river delta begin? What did the European colonization of the Congo river delta erode? In what year was the area north of the Congo River under French sovereignty? Who signed a treaty with Makoko of the Bateke? What was the name of the Congo Colony? What was the name of the modern Central African Republic? How many lives did the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad cost? When did Brazzaville function as the symbolic capital of Free France? When was the Brazzaville Conference? What was the name of the constitution that established the Fourth Republic? What was the name of the constitution that established the Brazzaville Conference? In what year did the French constitution establish the Fifth Republic? What did the AEF dissolve into? What was the name of the Republic of the Congo in 1958? When did the AEF publish its first constitution? When did the Republic of the Congo receive full independence from France? Who was Congo's first president? Who was the leader of the civilian provisional government? Who was the first president of Congo? Who took charge of the Congolese military? How long was Massamba-Débat elected President? What was the name of the country's constitutional ideology? How many Cuban army troops did Massamba-Débat invite into the country? When did Massamba-Débat's regime end? Who was the new president of the Republic of the Congo? What was the name of Congo Africa's first people's republic? What party did the National Revolutionary Movement change its name to? In what year was Ngouabi assassinated? When was Ngouabi assassinated? Who did Sassou Nguesso align with? Who did Sassou Nguesso sign a friendship pact with? What did Sassou Nguesso do to maintain his dictatorship? What did Sassou Nguesso rely on to maintain his dictatorship? Who was Congo's first elected president? What did Lissouba attempt to implement? What war broke out in Congo in mid-1997? How long did the IMF approve a three-year SDR69.5m? Who started to fight for power in the civil war? What was the name of Sassou's private militia? What regime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo? Who was Sassou's only credible rival? How long did Sassou's term extend to? When was a new constitution agreed upon? When was a peace treaty signed to end the conflict? In what year did Sassou win the presidential election? What is the name of the non-governmental organization that marked the election? What did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights say the election was marked by? What political system has Congo-Brazzaville had since the early 1990s? What party is Sassou Nguesso backed by? What is the name of the Congolese Labour Party? What has Sassou's regime been hit by? How many lavish properties did the French investigation find in France? On what date did Sassou Nguesso announce that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution? What was Sassou Nguesso's third term in office? Who owned the main media in 2008? How many private television channels are there? How many private television channels are there in 2008? What is the name of the relationship between the Pygmies and Bantus? What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say the Pygmies are treated as? When did the Congolese parliament adopt a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples? Where is Congo located? What are the longitudes of Congo? What is Congo's short coast on? What country is the Democratic Republic of Congo bounded by to the west? What is Cabinda? What is the capital of the Congo? Where is Brazzaville located? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? Where is Kinshasa located? What is the primary drainage of the Kouilou-Niari River? What is the primary drainage for the southwest of the country? What is the interior of the country? What type of forest is under increasing exploitation pressure? Where is the country located? What is the average day temperature in the Niari Valley? What is the average day temperature in the Niari Valley? When is the dry season in the Niari Valley? What group studied gorillas in 2006-07? Where are gorillas centered? What has been preserved by the Western Lowland Gorillas? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What is the mainstay of the economy? What is the mainstay of the economy? How much of the GDP does the oil sector account for in 2008? How much of the GDP does the oil sector account for in 2008? What did the government finance in the 1980s? What is the average GDP growth in Africa? How much did the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies result in in 1994? What was the inflation of Franc Zone currencies in 1994? When did the civil war erup? What caused the resumption of armed conflict? When was the resumption of armed conflict? What does the current administration face? What are the recent major exports of Congolese diamonds and natural gas? When was Congo re-admitted to the Kimberley Process? What type of deposits does the Republic of the Congo have? What is the name of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa? How many hectares of land did the Congolese government lease to South African farmers? What type of transportation does the Republic of the Congo include? In what decade was the Republic of the Congo's rail system built? What is the name of the airports in the Republic of the Congo? On what ocean does the Republic of the Congo have a large port? What part of the country is the Republic of the Congo's sparse population? How long is the railway that connects Congo's two cities? How many spoken languages are in Congo? What is the largest ethnic group in Congo? What percentage of Congo's population is Boulangui? What percentage of Congo's population is Boulangui? How many Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? How many Europeans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? How many American expatriates reside in Congo? What percentage of Catholics are in Congo? What is the percentage of Awakening Lutherans? What percentage of Protestants are in Congo? What percentage of followers of Islam are in Congo? What is the main reason for the influx of foreign workers into the urban centers? What percentage of GDP was public expenditure health in 2004? What was the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Congo-Brazzaville in 2012? How much did the US spend per capita in 2004? How much of the GDP was public expenditure health in Congo-Brazzaville? What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010? What type of mutilation is rare in the country? What was the infant mortality rate in 2010? How old is public education? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? What do students who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain? What language does Marien Ngouabi University teach at all levels? Who is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government? What is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government? Who is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service? What system is fashioned after? Who holds a largely ceremonial position in parliamentary systems? Who is expected to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature? What are executive powers called in some monarchies? Who is expected to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature? Who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? Who was Minister of Defence during the Second World War? When was Richelieu named to head the royal council? Who used the first actual usage of the term Premier Ministre? What was Richelieu named to head the royal council in 1625? Who attempted to avoid giving the title to their chief ministers? When did the term prime minister originate? Who used the term prime minister in reference to? Who was the head of the government? What was the name of the minister that was regarded as the head of the government? What was the name of the minister that was regarded as the head of the government? Who was responsible for the power of ministers? Who was responsible for the power of ministers? Who shared power in Anne's reign? What was Cromwell executed? When was the Glorious Revolution? In what year was the Bill of Rights passed? Who became a part of the government? Who was the king's first minister? When did Anne die? Where did George spend much of his time? How long did Walpole hold office? Who was the Whig politician from 1721? What doctrine developed under Walpole? What did Walpole do when the cabinet agreed on a policy? Who said "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing?" Who did Walpole deny that he was aprime minister? Who made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch? What was the title of the prime minister first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli? When did William Pitt the Younger appear in the British Order of precedence? What type of monarchy did the majority of the world's countries have? What is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? When did Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah serve? What is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? What is the name of the parliamentary republic in which the head of state is an elected official? What is the name of the parliamentary republic in which the head of state is an elected official? What is the head of government of the People's Republic of China referred to as? What is the name of the premier of the Republic of China? Who is responsible for carrying out directives of the president and managing the civil service? What is a state of affairs usually referred to as? What can the parliament force the resignation of? What is the name of Bangladesh's constitution? What is the process of the Prime Minister's appointment and dismissal? What does the People's Republic of China constitution set a premier below? What did the Premier read in Chinese? What act added a reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" in 1982? In what year was Canada's Constitution Act passed? What does Canada's Constitution Act refer to? What is the Czech Republic's constitution? When did the first mention of the United Kingdom's constitution occur? Who was the last prime minister to be Chancellor of the Exchequer? In what year did Balfour become Chancellor of the Exchequer? Who was the first prime minister to be appointed in 1979? When was Margaret Thatcher appointed prime minister? When did Margaret Thatcher remain in power? What did Margaret Thatcher use after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet? What is formally'renominated' after every general election? What is the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament? When is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated'? How are governments required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament? What does a small minority of parliaments give a right to block supply to? Where do governments lose a vote of confidence? Who can refuse a parliamentary dissolution? Who is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution? Who is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution? When did the prime minister request a dissolution of parliament? What year did the Irish constitution grant to the Taoiseach the right to make the request? In what year did the Irish Free State Constitution grant the power to the Taoiseach? Where do older constitutions often vest power? Who is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his party? What is the name of the Irish prime minister? What is Rosh HaMemshalah? Who is the Spanish prime minister? What is the name of the Irish prime minister? Who is the president of the council of ministers? What is the prime minister called in Scandinavian countries? What is the equivalent term for a national heads of government? What are the exceptions to the rule? What is Monaco's head of government referred to as? What is the name of the head of government in Vatican City? What is a stand-out case of Iran? What type of countries are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled Right Honourable? What are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled in some Commonwealth countries? What is the privilege of being current members of? Who is the Prime Minister of Canada? What type of government is in place in the UK? What are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments styled? What is the name of the Prime Minister in India? What is the name of the prime minister in Pakistan? What is the name of the prime minister in Pakistan? What is the office of the Prime Minister called? What is the office of the Prime Minister called in the United Kingdom? What is the term institute of technology often abbreviated? When did the English term polytechnic appear? What engineering school was founded in 1794 in Paris? What is the French term for polytechnic? What are synonymous with the terms "institute of technology" and " polytechnic"? What is the name of the world's first institution of technology? When did the institutes of technology and polytechnics become popular? What was the Braunschweig University of Technology founded in 1745? When did the École Polytechnique educate French élites? What are institutes of technology and polytechnics? In what year were UK Polytechnics designated as universities? What is the name of the UK's first polytechnic? Where was the Royal Polytechnic Institution founded? What are polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other? What was the name of the new universities that were part of the College of Advanced Education system? What was the name of the school that was part of the College of Advanced Education system? What is the term for further education? What was the name of the rebranding and repositioning of TAFE in 2014? In what year did TAFE Tasmania start a restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic? How many designated Universities of Technology are in Australia? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? What degrees do Fachhochschule grant? What language is hogeschool similar to? What is the process of Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium? How many former institutes of technology have become universities in the Netherlands? How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands? Where are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes located? What is the name of a university in Canada that offers instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates, and diplomas? Where are the École Polytechnique de Montréal located? What type of funding does Canadian higher education institutions receive? What is a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology? What are some of Canada's most respected colleges and polytechnic institutions involved in? When did China's modern higher education begin? How long did the Imperial Tientsin University last? How many of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical? When was the law about polytechnic education in Croatia passed? What institute monitors seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the Galápagos Islands? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? Who manages the Quito Astronomical Observatory? When was the Quito Astronomical Observatory founded? Where is the Nuclear Science Department located? What is the mission of the country's education, training and research? How many students did MIT pledge sponsorship for? What is the name of the French-speaking universities that are allowed to grant B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., and D.Sc. degrees? How many credits did M.Sc. require before Bologna? How many credits did M.Sc. require from a normal university? What is the common term for polytechnic schools in Finland? What is the Finnish term for "polytechnic"? What is the Swedish alternative to ammattikorkeakoulu? What is the name of the autonomous higher education engineering institutes? What is the name of the IUT? What is the term for institut universitaire de technologie? What is the term for a type of institution in the French-speaking part of Switzerland? What is the name of the Polytechnicum? What type of terminology does the French École polytechnique use? What does Escola Politécnica stand for? When were Fachhochschulen first founded? What do Fachhochschulen focus more on? What type of courses do Fachhochschulen offer? What is the term for Technische Universität? What does Technische Universität focus on? What university has a faculty of medicine? How many Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology? How many universities of technology are there in Germany? How many students are enrolled in a Technische Universität in Germany? What state is not operating a Technische Universität? What is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover? When was the Higher Education Reform Act passed? What is the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? What was the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? When was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded? What is the name of the university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business? When were the two polytechnics granted university status? What type of mining did the Berg-Schola provide? When was the Berg-Schola established? Who established the Berg-Schola in Selmecbánya? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? What is the authority over technical education in India? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses? How many public institutes of technology are in Indonesia? How many years does Politeknik offer Diploma degrees? What is the acronym for the Regional Technical College? What system did the Dublin Institute of Technology develop separately from? What does Politecnico refer to? How many Politecnici cities were there in the north? Where is the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia located? What was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What does the institute of technology specialize in? How long has Polytechnics been operating in Malaysia? Who established Polytechnics in 1969? Where is Politeknik Ungku Omar located? How many polytechnic courses are there in Malaysia? How many students were in Malaysia in 2009? How many students did Malaysia have in 2012? What is the name of the only technical university in Mauritius? What type of focus does the University of Technology have? What act was amended in 1989? What is the name of the UCOL? When were New Zealand polytechnics established? Who amalgamated with Massey University? When did New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system consolidate? What did the Central Institute of Technology explore a merger with? Where is the Waiarapa Polytechnic located? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? What is the main purpose of the Polytechnic Institutes? What is the main purpose of the Polytechnic Institutes? How long is the diploma offered by the Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan? What is a lateral entry to engineering degree courses called? How long is the Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences? What is a main kind of technical university name in Poland? What were the short-cycle degrees known as? When was the Bologna Process? What is a centralized institute? How many polytechnics are in Singapore? How many years do polytechnics offer? Who established the Banská Akadémia? When was the Banská Akadémia founded? Who established the Banská Akadémia? When did teaching begin? What are university buildings used for? What is the term forpolytechnics? In what year did Technikons get the power to award certain technology degrees? In what year did former Technikons merged with traditional Universities to form Comprehensive Universities? What were most of Thailand's institutes of technology developed from? What did Thailand's institutes of technology not grant in the past? What is the name of the Institute of Technology North Bangkok? What is the name of King Mongkut's University of Technology? What was the previous name of the Rajamangala University of Technology? What is the name of the engineering school in Thammasat University? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand? When was Suranaree University of Technology established? What is the most well known private technological institute in Thailand? What was the name of the technical university that was founded in 2010? How many technical universities are about to be opened in Konya? Where were 2 technical universities opened in 1950s? In what year did UK Polytechnics operate under the binary system of education? What was the name of the UK Council for National Academic Awards? What were the comparable institutions in Scotland referred to as? What was the name of Britain's first Polytechnic? How many "Institutes of Science and Technology" were there? What was Loughborough University called from 1966 to 1996? In what decade did some colleges of technology receive the designation College of Advanced Technology? What act allowed Polytechnics to confer degrees without oversight? What did the Further and Higher Education Act mean that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of? What are some technical institutes designated as? In what century were "technical institutes" formed? What was the name of the school that provided further education between high school and Polytechnic? In what year was the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? What is the name of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology? What was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class? When were institutes of technology developed in Venezuela? Where was the first IUT created? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system? What is the name of the digital archive of the World Wide Web? Who created the Wayback Machine? Where is the Internet Archive located? Who created the Wayback Machine? What does the Wayback Machine call a three dimensional index? What is the purpose of the cached pages of web sites? What is the purpose of archiving cached pages of web sites? What is the grand vision of the Linux nodes? What is the name of the animated cartoon series? Who used a time machine called the "WABAC machine"? What is a time machine called? In what year did Brewster Kahle develop software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages? What does not include all the information available on the Internet? What is the exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached? When was Archive-It.org developed? How long had information been kept on digital tape? Who allowed researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database? When did the archive reach its fifth anniversary? Where was the archive opened to the public? How long do snapshots usually take? How long do snapshots usually take? What is the frequency of snapshots? When did sites have to be listed on the Open Directory? Who was the Internet Archive's Jeff Kaplan? When was Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive? How many petabytes of data did the Wayback Machine contain? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine in 2003? On what rack systems is the Wayback Machine stored? Who manufactures the Wayback Machine? In what year did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to what? What campus is the Sun Modular Datacenter located on? In what year was a new version of the Wayback Machine made available for public testing? When did the Wayback Machine forum say that the Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? In what year did the new Wayback Machine have a little bit of material past? In what year did the Beta of the new Wayback Machine have a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? What is the name of the feature that allows a user to archive the contents of a URL? When did the company announce the "Save a Page" feature? What was the name of a 2009 case in which Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site? What did Chordiant want Netbula to disable on its web site? What did the Wayback Machine remove from Nebula's site? What did Netbula object to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site? Who filed a sworn statement supporting Netbula's motion? Who was the Magistrate Judge in the Northern District of California? What district of California did the Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd live in? What was the purpose of the robots.txt blockage? What is the provider of TVP Polonia? What does EchoStar operate? Who rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay? Who overruled Magistrate Keys' findings? What does the Internet Archive use to determine if a Web page is available as prior art? What is an example of a requirement that is met to provide an authoritative statement of the archivist? What are limitations to archiving a web site? What can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports? What does the Wayback Machine do not fill out? What does the Wayback Machine not include in their archives? What could the Wayback Machine be interpreted as violating? What would the Archive have to delete from its system? Where can the exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine be found? What did the Internet Archive remove from the Wayback Machine? What was the error message that the Internet Archive removed from the Wayback Machine? Who had demanded the removal of Scientology from the Wayback Machine? Who defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Archive's Wayback Machine? What was the name of the plaintiff who amended their complaint to include the Internet Archive? What did Healthcare Advocates change their complaint to include? What did Healthcare Advocates accuse the Internet Archive of violating? What is the voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is the name of the web site that is not interested in preserving or offering access to Web sites? How much did Suzanne Shell pay for archiving profane-justice.org? What did Suzanne Shell want to pay for archiving her web site? What district court did Suzanne Shell file a declaratory judgment action against Internet Archive? Who dismissed all counterclaims except breach of contract? When did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell settle their lawsuit? Who announced the settlement of the lawsuit? What was the name of Suzanne Shell's Web site? How many DMCA requests did a pornographic actor send to the Archive? Where did a pornographic actor send DMCA requests to in 2013-14? What is another name for the Dutch Federation? When did the Dutch Republic separate from Spanish rule? What was the name of the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands? Which countries were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire? What county was under the Kingdom of France? What were the Low Countries under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg? Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction? In what year did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II? What did Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize? In what year did a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? Who signed the Union of Utrecht? What was the name of the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II? In what year was the Union of Utrecht signed? Who did the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? When did the United Provinces attempt to take Antwerp? When was William of Orange assassinated? Who declined the offer of sovereignty? In what year did the provinces become a confederacy? When was the Batavian Republic created? Where did the republican forces flee to? What was the name of the Republic of the United Provinces? When did the Netherlandsregain independence from France? What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? What were the "Southern provinces"? When did the Dutch Republic dominate world trade? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? In what year was the Dutch East India Company founded? What country has the oldest stock exchange in the world? How many different cities did the world's first stock exchange go public in? What is the name of the oldest stock exchange in the world? Between what years did the Dutch have one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Where did the Dutch slave trade come from? What did the Dutch break the Portuguese sphere of influence on? How many provinces were in the republic? What was the staten-Generaal in Dutch? How many provinces did the States General consist of? What was the name of the eighth province? What was the county of Drenthe so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes? What was the main executive official? Who would have more power than the raadspensionaris? Who would have more power than the raadspensionaris? Who were the stadtholders freely appointed by? Who was the prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau? What province had the same stadtholder as Holland? Who supported the stadtholders? Who supported the States General and hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure? What was the name of the Peace of Westphalia? What were the border territories assigned to? What was the name of the border territories that were assigned to the United Provinces after the Peace of Westphalia? Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company? Which provinces initiated shipping expeditions? Who influenced the framers of the US Constitution? Who influenced the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? What is the Act of Abjuration? When was the Union of Utrecht? What did the Union say every person should be free in the choice of? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What was forbidden in the Union of Utrecht? What did a person who wished to hold public office have to conform to during the Republic? What did the extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depend on? How many guilders were fined in Leiden in the 17th century? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What is the topic of the Reformed Church controversy? What is the name of the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism? In what year did the Synod of Dort tackle the issue of predestination? When did the persecution of religious services begin? How long did the persecution of religious services take place? What is symbiosis? What did Albert Bernhard Frank use the word symbiosis to describe? Who defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms"? How many years of debate did current biology and ecology textbooks use the de Bary definition? What are some symbiotic relationships? What are some lichens that cannot live on their own? What do lichens consist of? What is another name for ectosymbiosis? What is symbiosis in which organisms are not in union called? What is another term for symbiotic relationships? What percentage of insects do bacterial endosymbionts provide essential nutrients? What are actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called? What type of algae does Frankia live in? What are the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales? What are some examples of ectoparasites? What is a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host? What is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit? What can be considered symbiotic? What kind of gut flora helps herbivores digest plant matter? What is the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them? What do mutualisms between plants fix? What do most land plants and land ecosystems rely on? What are the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones? What protects the clownfish from predators? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What species of fish sometimes lives together with a shrimp? What does the goby fish do in case of danger? What is symbiosis known from? When were siboglinid tube worms discovered? What does the siboglinid tube worm depend on? Where are the siboglinid tube worms found? What does the host cell lack during mutualistic symbioses? What do endosymbiont cells produce? What is the name of a vertical transmission of the endosymbionts? What is the biggest change in the endosymbiont? What is the name of Muller's ratchet phenomenon? What is the cause of the accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria? What is the Latin word for com- and mensa? What does Commensalism mean? What is another term for housing? What is another term for metabiosis? What is another term for transportation? What is a parasitic relationship in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed? What are parasites called? What is necrotrophic to say they kill their host? How many animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected? What are the two types of amensalism? What are the two types of amensalism? What is a substance that destroys many herbaceous plants within its root zone? What is the name of the genus that feeds on the same type of shrub? What do weevils of the genus Timarcha feed on? What is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other? What is a rare type of symbiosis? What is the cause of the interaction between species? What type of symbiosis is uncommon in nature? What do species of bees who die after stinging their prey inflict pain on themselves? What is believed to have resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria? What are eukaryotes? What is Lynn Margulis famous for? Who are Margulis and Sagan? What played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them? What did some groups of plants develop? What has the relationship between plants and insects become dependent in some taxa of plants and insects? What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the unified armed force of Canada? What is the name of the unified armed force of Canada? How many sub-components does the Reserve Force have? Under what Act are the Canadian Armed Forces separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? Who leads the Canadian Armed Forces? Who assists the Canadian Armed Forces? During what war was the focus of Canadian defence policy contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the Soviet military threat during the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? What is the name of the organization that has moved much of its defence focus out of area? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in since the end of the Cold War? In what country has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations? In what year did the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations in Afghanistan? What has the North Atlantic Treaty Organization moved much of its defence focus out of? What is the Canadian defence policy based on? When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? How many core missions does the Canadian military carry out? How many core missions does the Canadian military have in North America? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What is another name for the System of Cooperation? What is another name for the System of Cooperation among the American Air Forces? What are some of the activities that the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? In what year did Confederation begin? What group did the residents of the colonies serve as regular members of? What was the name of the group that aided in the defence of their territories? What was the name of the American Revolutionary War? What did the militia units help in the defence of British North America? Who was responsible for military command? Where was the commander-in-chief for North America stationed? When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? What were the Royal Canadian Air Forces organised under? When were land forces in Canada referred to as the Canadian Army? When did the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occur? What was the name of the British command in the Second Boer War? When did the United Kingdom enter into conflict with Germany? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its troops into? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send its troops into? How many operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947? How many international operations have Canadian military units completed? What wars did Canada participate in? What is the name of the United Nations peacekeeping operation? What did Canada maintain during the Cold War? What are the Normandy Landings? What is the name of the strategic bombing of German cities? The Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Normandy Landings, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German Where is the Battle of Medak Pocket located? What was the largest volunteer army ever fielded? What country was the first to have the third largest navy in the world? What was the result of the fall of the Soviet Union? When did the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merged into a unified structure? What were the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merged into? What country gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931? When did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom? Why did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931? What name did the Canadian Armed Forces use after the 1980s? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What did the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to? What type of forces were deployed in Afghanistan during this period? How long have the Canadian Forces been deployed in Afghanistan? What is the name of the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? Who requested the Canadian Forces to be deployed in Afghanistan? What type of operations did the Canadian Forces support? How much money does the Armed Forces receive annually? What is the size of the Armed Forces? How many reservists are there in the Armed Forces? By what year is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000? How many rangers and supplementary personnel will be serving? What was the name of the government's effort to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What was the purpose of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment? What was the rate of loss of existing members in the CF? What type of equipment has the Canada First Defence Strategy acquired? What is the name of the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet? What new systems have been acquired for the Armed Forces? When did the renewal and re-equipment effort begin? What were the roles of women in the CAF in the 1950s? When did the roles of women in the CAF begin to expand? What type of controllers did the CAF expand into? What did the Department change to allow women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender? What was the name of the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms? What type of artillery was still closed to women in 1987? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? Who created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were the trials called? When were all military occupations open to women? What was the name of the submarine that opened in 2000? How much did the introduction of women into the combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool? Who was the government of Jean Chretien? What must all equipment be suitable for? What are combat helmets, rucksacks, and combat boots designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What is an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments? What does the Canadian Armed Forces hierarchy begin with? What Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? What are all troop deployment and disposition orders? Who must sign Orders in Council? Who is responsible to the elected House of Commons? How many members of the Canadian Royal Family are in command of the Canadian Forces? Who is the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Who appoints the Chief of the Defence Staff as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Where does the Armed Forces Council operate? What are the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations? How many Canadian Forces bases are there? Where do officers and non-commissioned members receive basic training? What is the name of the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu? How many warships and submarines are deployed in the Royal Canadian Navy? What is the name of the Dockyard in Halifax? What is the name of the Naval Reserve Headquarters? What does the RCN participate in? Who is the Commander of the Canadian Army? How many divisions is the Canadian Army administered? What is the name of the four divisions that are administered by the Canadian Army? What is the name of the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? What is the name of the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System? How many field-ready brigade groups does the Regular Force consist of? How many field-ready brigade groups are there in the Regular Force? What type of squadron is co-located with each brigade? What type of squadron is co-located with each brigade? Where do major training and support establishments exist? Who is the commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? Where is the Canadian NORAD Region based? How many wings are located across Canada? How many tactical commanders do Wings represent? Where are major air bases located? Where are administrative and command and control facilities located? Where is NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen located? What is a Canadian component of the NATO? What are the major air bases located in? What is the name of the Joint Task Force? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What do the RCAF and Joint Task Force support? What type of squadrons do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to? What type of patrols do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established? What is the Canadian Joint Operations Command? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command created? What is the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based? How many Special Operations Aviation Squadrons are based at CFB Petawawa? What is the Information Management Group responsible for? Where is the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group headquartered? What is the purpose of the CAF Cyber Task Force? What year did the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announce the establishment of a new organization? What is the name of the Directorate of Cybernetics? What does the Health Services Group provide to the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the Joint Task Force that is temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force? Who is the Surgeon General? When can the Canadian Armed Forces reserve force be called upon? What is the total reserve force of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who is usually a major general or rear admiral? What are the four components of the Primary Reserve that are operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force? How many cadets are in the Canadian Cadet Movement? How old are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? What branch of the CAF is the Cadet Instructors Cadre? Who are members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS? What do the Canadian Rangers provide in Canada's arctic and other remote areas? Where do the Canadian Rangers patrol? What are the Canadian Rangers an essential reserve force? What is the purpose of the Canadian Rangers? What is suitable for members of the CAF to wear on any occasion? What type of dress is suitable for ceremonial occasions? What is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF? What is authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What does the navy, most army, and some other units have for very specific occasions? What is the name of the authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the uniform worn by the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the most widely worn headgear? What helmet does the Canadian Army wear? What gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence? In what year was the amount allocated for defence spending augmented? Who was the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees? What did each of the bishops of the suburbicarian see as his titular church? What term was applied to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? When was the term cardinal applied to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome? In what century was the term cardinal applied to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome? What does the term cardinal mean? Who holds an instance of the origin of the term cardinal? What were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome? In what century did the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy? When was the synod of the Roman cardinals decreed? Who was the pontificate of in 1059? Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope? In what year did Pope Innocent IV grant cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? Who granted cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? What was the name of the cardinal that began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour? In what year did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? What year was the title cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome? Who sent the letter to Pippin III? In what year did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? Who reserved the title for the cardinals of Rome in 1567? What year was the title cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who led the Ecumenical Council of Trent? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who led the Ecumenical Council of Trent? Who influenced temporal rulers? What type of affairs did cardinals often have in early modern times? Who was the ruler of France? Who was the ruler of France? Who was the only example of a cardinal-king? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit to? How many cardinal deacons did Pope Sixtus V have? Who was the pontificate of Pope Sixtus V? How many cardinal electors did Pope Paul VI set at the start of 1971? How old are cardinals? How many cardinal electors did Pope Paul VI set at the start of 1971? What did Pope Paul VI set no limit on at the start of 1971? Who sees a church in the city of Rome? Who receives the titular bishopric of Ostia? What is the primary suburbicarian see? In what year did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What was the secular rank of the Pope Urban VIII? Who did the Pope Urban VIII crowned monarchs? Who decreed their title to be Eminence? What is the rule given in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What does the title "Cardinal" mean? What do Oriental Patriarchs customarily use as their full title? Why do Oriental Patriarchs customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? How many cardinals are there in some countries? What does no see carry an actual right to? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What are cardinals of the episcopal order? What are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? Who was the person elected to the papal election? What was the rite of consecrating him a bishop? Who is the Dean of the College of Cardinals? Who is the Dean of the College of Cardinals? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When was Velletri united with Ostia? Who separated Ostia from Velletri? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator? When did the cardinal bishops have a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees? Who is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is apostolic administrator? What are the cardinals of the Church collectively known as? Who is competent to judge Cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? What does the pope give each newly appointed cardinal to symbolize their bond with the papacy? Who gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring? What was the name of the galero that the pope would bestow upon him? When was the galero discontinued? What is the name of the scarlet galero? Which cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition? What does the blood-like red symbolize a cardinal's willingness to die for? What is always white? What is the scarlet color of a cardinal's vesture? When was it customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape unless granted the privilege of wearing red when acting on papal business? What happens if a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? Who reigned in Western Schism? What were cardinals allowed to marry? When was the Code of Canon Law promulgated? What can only those who are already priests or bishops be appointed cardinals? What is one of the functions that a cardinal cannot perform? Who were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate? When was it possible for someone who was not a priest to become a cardinal? When did Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? What is the purpose of the Cardinal Camerlengo? Who is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals? Where is the Basilica of Saint Peter located? Who chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony? What can cardinal deacons be recognized by the dalmatics? How many cardinals of the order of deacons were there in 2005? How long have Cardinal deacons been cardinal deacons? How many cardinals were Italian in 1939? How many cardinals were Italian by 1994? How many deacons were in the Papal Household? What are the lowest-ranking cardinals? Who is the longest serving member of the order of cardinal priests? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who approves the election of the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What do Patriarch cardinals not receive? How many orders of cardinals are in the Catholic Church? How many orders of cardinals are there in the Catholic Church? How many orders of cardinals are there in the Catholic Church? Who chose the cardinal priests to advise him in his duties as Bishop of Rome? What is the titular church in Rome? In what year did Pope Sixtus V seek to arrest the growth of the College? How many cardinal priests did Pope Sixtus V fix the maximum size of the College? Who abolished the limit? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? What languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? When are Iranian languages grouped in three stages? What is the language of Sassanid Iran? How many Iranian languages are there? What is the origin of the Persian and Sanskrit word Arya? What is the origin of the word Arya? In what year was the term Irano-Aryan introduced? Who introduced the term Irano-Aryan in 1836? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? When did Robert Needham Cust use the term Irano-Aryan? What are all Iranian languages descended from a common ancestor? Where are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated? What is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture in 2000 BC? When is the Andronovo culture suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? What was the name of the Indo-European family? Where did the Iranian tribes settle? What must have existed among ancient Iranian speakers? How many Iranian languages have survived? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? When was the Behistun inscription composed? What century was the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian? What are the two forms of Old Iranian dialects? What is the name of the liturgical texts of Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism? The Old Avestan dialect is roughly the same stage of development as what? What is Younger Avestan at about the same linguistic stage as? What is Carduchi? What did Herodotus call Old Persian? What is the name of the group of Iranian peoples that are grouped in western and eastern groups? What does Old Persian mean? What is the name of the stage of the Iranian language that may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups? What are two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian? What is the name of the first-series palatal consonants? In what languages is it possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates? What are the consonant clusters of depalatalized affricates? What are the consonant clusters of depalatalized affricates? What is the name of the subgroup of Scythian? What are the hypothethical ancestor languages of? What is the hypothetical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian? When did the Middle Iranian era begin? What are the two main groups of Middle Iranian languages classified into? What is the Eastern category of Bactrian and Sogdian? What were the languages of the Eastern group similar to? What alphabets were derived from the Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script? What script did Bactrian use? What is the name of Middle Persian? When was Middle Persian used? What languages were used as literary languages by the Manichaeans? What was the script for Manichaean texts similar to? What was the name of the Conquest of Persia? What was the official language of the court called? What dynasty was the first to adopt the new language in 875 CE? When did the Saffarid dynasty officially adopt the new language? What is the eastern province of Iran? What script did the Islamic conquest adopt for writing Persian? When did the Arabic script begin dwindling in usage? What script was first Latinised in the 1920s? When was the Tajik script Cyrillicized? Who subsequently Cyrillicized the Tajik script in the 1930s? What is the name of the Arabic language in Western Iran? What Iranian languages were displaced in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan? When did the Proto-Slavic population take over the region? Where does Sogdian's relative Yaghnobi barely survive? What is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in the Caucasus? What is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What can Proper lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What can Proper lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is a key part of interior design? What type of lighting is usually done using light fixtures? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? In what year was the World's Fair? What type of lighting is popular in Canada? When was fire kindled in the caves of Peking Man? What animals were used as lamps after being threaded with a wick? What were the earliest forms of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area? How long ago were the lamps found in the Lascaux caves? What bulb was powered by electricity? When was gas lighting economical enough to power street lights in major cities? How did street lights reduce crime? What type of fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions? What are the most important functions of lighting fixtures? How is the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy measured? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the distribution of the light produced by the fixture? Who invented track lighting? What feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What is a modified version of Track lighting? How many volts does a master transformer feed all of the fixtures on the track or rod? What is an uplight intended for ambient lighting? What is the most common fixture in many homes and offices? What is the desk lamp considered to be? What type of nightclub could be considered general lighting? What was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s? What type of lighting could be used in a dark nightclub? What type of lights are usually marked in a movie theater? What are LED based versions of the low voltage lamps in a movie theater? What type of tube are low voltage lamps in a movie theater made up of? What is used to light roadways and walkways at night? What type of luminaires are used to light roadways and walkways at night? What can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours? What type of lighting can be used along roadways in urban areas? What can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What are tail and brake lights? What type of lights are placed in the front of a vehicle? When did some automakers begin to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges? What do rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear? What do LED headlamps indicate on the front, side, and rear of a vehicle? What is the term for a lamp that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? What is a lamp that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? How many lumens does a wax candle produce? How many lumens does a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produce? What is lighting design known as? What is wn as 'architectural lighting design'? What software can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? What is used to provide an acceptable lighting design? What does Artificial lighting take into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What type of paint absorbs light? What type of paint absorbs light? What type of studies are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated? What is prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance? What type of lighting is used in motion picture and television production? What is the basic SI unit of measurement? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the CGS unit of luminance? How is the amount of useful light emitted from a source measured? What is a standardized model of human visual brightness perception? What is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measured in? What are some of the most well-known measurement methods? What is correlated color temperature? What is the correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of? What is the color rendering index? What is an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What is the gamut area index? What is the gamut area index? What does GAI stand for? What dosimeters measure an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment? What is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light entering the eye that affects the human body's clock? What is the circadian light meter called? How long can the Daysimeter gather data? What does the head-mounted device measure? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? How do lighting control systems reduce energy usage and cost? What does ZigBee provide? What is another name for wireless mesh open standards? What does ZigBee provide? What do occupancy sensors allow for when someone is within the area being scanned? What do passive infrared sensors react to? What type of sensors transmit sound above the range of human hearing? What does a passive infrared sensor do when motion can no longer be detected? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Why are daylighting schemes not popular among most buildings? What are light emitting diodes? What principles are used to control the light emission of LEDs? What is important to not over-design illumination? What is the cause of Alzheimer's Disease? How many hours is the human circadian system entrained to? What does a human circadian system do when they are disrupted? Who documented the study in 1972 and 1981? What type of comments did patients receive in nurses' no tes? What type of comments did patients receive in nurses' no tes? Who was the assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough? Who was the assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough? Who devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? When was kerosene distilled from petroleum? What method was used for lighting since the 1820s? What is a dispose hazard? What should be taken when selecting CFL's? What percentage of power does LED lamps use? How long is the lifetime of LED lamps? How long is the lifetime of LED lamps? What percentage of energy saving halogen lamps do compact fluorescent lamps use? What is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings? What creates safety issues around buildings by causing sharp shadows? What can be used if natural light is not present? What is a critical part of the battlefield conditions? What type of cameras are used to increase night vision? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What are laser-guided and GPS weapons? What is the International Commission on Illumination? Who publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments? What two organizations are involved in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America? What defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire? What is the name of the organization that focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers? What is the name of the Professional Lighting Designers Association? What is the PLDA formerly known as? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What is the name of the certification exam that is offered by the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What are the other three national (U.S.) examinations? What is the name of the UK-based trade organisation representing 500+ individual and corporate members from the technical services sector? What is the PLASA? How many members of the Professional Lighting And Sound Association are from the technical services sector? What is the RoHS? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws? How many separate branches of government did Montesquieu urge for a constitutional government? What did the separation of powers influence? What is separation of powers associated with? What was the idea of separation of powers called? Who advocated the principle in their writings? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What did Montesquieu's writings influence? Who advocated the principle in their writings? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What system was based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government? What was the UK Westminster system based on? What did Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia keep the branches of government? Where did strict separation of powers not operate? What was the President of Delaware a member of? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? Under what doctrine can Congress not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency? In what case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What case did the Supreme Court hold that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? When was Wayman v. Southard 1, 42? Who was the Chief Justice of Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S.? What did Congress unconstitutionally clothe the judiciary with? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? Who was the Chief Justice of Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S.? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What was the name of the case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What was the name of the case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration? What is the name of the military that has power to make treaties and appointments to office with the Advice and Consent of the Senate? What is the power of the president to make treaties and appointments to office? How can Congress terminate appointments? What are the two entities that have direct Congressional oversight? What power is vested in the President? Who is vested in executive power? How can Congress terminate appointments? What does the Constitution empower the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress? What does Congress write legislation to restrain executive officials? What was the name of the case in which the Supreme Court decided INS v. Chadha? When was INS v. Chadha? How much of the Senate and House of Representatives are there? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in? Who must be appointed by the Supreme Court? Who must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the president? What are Courts exercising the judicial power called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies? Who must the judges be appointed by? Who must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the president? What do judicial agencies or commissions not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges? Who may not exercise the judicial power of the United States? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States? Who is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se? Who is required to confirm all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president by a majority vote? How do courts check the executive branch and the legislative branch? In what case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for judicial review? What is the only court that may determine constitutionality? Who has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial? Who wrote that it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense? Who wrote that it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense? How many branches of America have been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto? Who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon? How many vetoes did Congress override? What did Congress pass to curb the power of the presidency? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who was the first Democratic President following Johnson? Who was granted sweeping authority in Panama Refining v. Ryan? Who granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority in Panama Refining v. Ryan? What did Nixon use as a basis for his expansion of power? What is argued that checks and balances apply to the Judicial branch as well as the other branches? Who is responsible for delegates to the Supreme Court? What is the view of the second view at the State level? What is the view of the second view at the State level? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art? What is the Greek word for architecture? What is the name of the Greek word for "architect"? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art? What are historical civilizations often identified with? What is the Greek word for "architecture"? What is the name of the Latin architectura? What is architecture the product of? What are architectural works often perceived as? What type of civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who was the Roman architect of De architectura? In what century did Vitruvius write De architectura? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustas commonly known by the original translation? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? What was the earliest written work on the subject of architectura? What three principles should a good building satisfy? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas commonly known by the original translation? When was the notion of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? What languages were Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects translated into? Which architect should strive to fulfill each of the three attributes? Who elaborated on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria? What did Alberti see beauty as a matter of? What was the Golden mean for Alberti? When was the notion of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Contrasts? When did Pugin write Contrasts? When did Pugin write Contrasts? When did Pugin write Contrasts? What did Pugin compare to the modern, industrial world? What was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? What was John Ruskin's view of architecture? When did Ruskin publish his Seven Lamps of Architecture? What did Ruskin's view of architecture contribute to? What does Ruskin say a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What was Ruskin's work of overriding significance? What does Ruskin say a building is not truly a work of architecture? What type of courses did Ruskin need for a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building? What was the name of Le Corbusier's architect? Who wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces? What was the name of the 20th century architect Le Corbusier? What was the name of Le Corbusier's architect? What did Le Corbusier say you do? What did Le Corbusier write about the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction? What concept came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What were the criteria for the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What was the term for "utility"? What criteria did "Function" encompass? What did the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be subject to functionality meet with? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What philosophies have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? What philosophies have influenced modern architects? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? In what century was a new concept added to the compass of both structure and function? What was the consideration of in the late 20th century? What should a building be constructed in to satisfy the contemporary ethos? What is a non-sustainable power source? What is the name of the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What type of cultures began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices? What did building become as a result of oral traditions and practices? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of the craft? What make up most of the built world that people experience every day? Why did the economy begin to expand? What is widely assumed to be the result of a process of vernacular architecture? What is the term for vernacular architecture? What were early human settlements mostly? What did the economy begin to expand due to a surplus in production? What was the result of a surplus in production? What ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What ancient civilizations reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What did architecture and urbanism reflect in many ancient civilizations? What is the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? What is the name of the early Asian writings on architecture? In what centuries did the Kao Gong Ji originate? Who wrote Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra? Who wrote the Shilpa Shastras? What type of religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What architecture showed great regional diversity? When did Hindu temple architecture develop? What is Hindu temple architecture concerned with? What are the concepts of Hindu temple architecture laid down in? What is the name of the architecture that developed around 3rd century BCE? What type of religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What did the pointed arch influence? When did Islamic architecture begin? What type of architecture did Islamic architecture incorporate from the Middle East and Byzantium? What is the purpose of Islamic architecture? What type of architecture was used to influence European architecture of the Medieval period? What were the major architectural undertakings? What were the major architectural undertakings? Who carried architectural knowledge across Europe? What style of architecture did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry across Europe? What style of architecture did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry across Europe? When did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? When did Renaissance Humanism begin? When did Renaissance Europe begin? In what country was the revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism? When did the Renaissance Humanism develop? What role did the Renaissance Humanism place greater emphasis on in society? What was the dividing line between artist, architect and engineer? What is the purpose of architecture? What does architecture require to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations? What aspects of realizing buildings and structures include scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration? Who stated that architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming it will promote social development? What does architecture go beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences? What can architecture do without presuming that it will promote social development? What does architecture promote in and of itself? What does architecture go beyond? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What can be a purposeless quest for? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What type of ideals did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What type of "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders? How long have texts on architecture been written? What type of advice did the texts provide? What are some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? What century was the Roman Architect Vitruvius? What are some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? Who formed guilds during the Medieval period? What were guilds formed by craftsmen during the Medieval period? What was the main purpose of guilds in Europe during the Medieval period? What was the name of the Magister lathomorum? What did science and engineering affect? What was the scope of the level of structural calculations involved? What aspects of architecture and engineering began to separate? How did the architect focus on aesthetics and humanist aspects? What was the name of the "gentleman architect"? What did formal architectural training give much emphasis to in the 19th century? Where did effective architects receive their training? What did the Industrial Revolution lay open the door for? What was a criterion for the middle class? What became a criterion for the middle class? How could house builders use current architectural design in their work? What could house builders use in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals? What did dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration give rise to? What did the new lines of thought serve as precursors to? When was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? What was the purpose of the Deutscher Werkbund? What school was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919? What was the name of the avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings? What did modernist architects focus on? What was the rapidly declining aristocratic order? What did modernist architects remove in favor of functionalist details? What did modernist architects remove in favor of functionalist details? Who developed Organic architecture? What are the prime examples of Organic architecture? What is the aim of Organic architecture? What was the name of the revolution that led to the creation of high-rise superstructures? What was the name of the construction that gave birth to high-rise superstructures? What was the name of the style that modernism morphed into? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What type of richness did many architects find modernism devoid of? Who did the second generation of architects try to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What was Brutalism made of? What generation of architects critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings? What is the school of metaphoric architecture? What type of architecture does the school of metaphoric architecture include? What is the primary source of inspiration and design? What type of architecture is the school of metaphoric architecture considered to be in its own right? When did architectural phenomenology emerge as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism? What was the early reaction to architectural phenomenology? What type of architecture did postmodernism use as models and precedents? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What was the name of the building with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms? In what decade did the field of architecture become multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods? What can a large structure no longer be the design of? What are some members of the architectural profession who feel successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists? What has become a mainstream issue with profound effect on the architectural profession? What has changed architecture schools to focus more on? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture in the 1960s? What is the name of the U.S. Green Building Council? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What type of estates do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture have? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What type of architecture does New Urbanism, Metaphoric and New Classical Architecture contrast to? What is the HDI? What is the life expectancy at birth? Who developed the HDI? Who published the HDI? What is the life expectancy at birth? In what year did the Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce? What is the actual level of human development? What does the HDI stand for? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq create the Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme? Who did Mahbub ul Haq work with? What was the purpose of the HDI? In what year did Mahbub ul Haq create the Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme? How many years of schooling does a person 25 years-of-age or older have spent in schools? How many years of schooling does a person 25 years-of-age or older have spent in schools? How many years of schooling will a 5-year-old child spend in schools throughout his life? What is the gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita? What is the definition of the HDI? When was the 2015 Human Development Report released? The 2015 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? When was the 2014 Human Development Report released? The 2014 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? What is the IHDI? What is the IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? What group of countries with a missing IHDI are in the top quartile of HDI? What was the main reason some countries were not included in the 2014 report? What country was not included in the 2014 report? When was the 2013 Human Development Report released? How does the 2013 Human Development Report calculate HDI values? What is the IHDI? What is the name of the country in the top quartile of HDI? What is the name of the country in the top quartile of HDI? When was the Human Development Report released? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? Why were some countries not included in the 2011 report? What country was not included in the 2011 report? When was the 2010 Human Development Report released? When was the Human Development Report released? What are the three basic dimensions of human development? What are some countries in the top quartile of HDI with a missing IHDI? Why were some countries not included in the 2010 report? What did Cuba lodge at its lack of inclusion? What has Cuba ranked as in subsequent years? When was the 2009 Human Development Report released? How long did the 2009 Human Development Report cover? What was the name of the 2009 Human Development Report? What was the new category of the UNDP's Human Development Report? What is the name of the countries that were grouped in the 2009 Human Development Report? What was a reason some countries were not included for various reasons? What was the name of the new index released on December 18, 2008? What did the "statistical update" mean? What year was a new index released? When was the Human Development Report launched? What did the Human Development Report focus on? In what year was the Human Development Report released? In what year was the Human Development Report released? Where was the Human Development Report launched? What was offset by a decrease in HDI of high income countries? What is considered to represent "low development"? Where are the 22 countries in the HDI located? What is the rank of the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What is the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan country in Africa? What are the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? How many countries were promoted to the HDI? How many countries were promoted to a HDI? How many countries were promoted to a HDI? What represent a decrease in ranking? What represent an increase in ranking over the previous study? What represents a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? How many times has Norway been ranked in the Human Development Index? How many times has Norway been ranked in the Human Development Index? What does the Human Development Index focus exclusively on? What is the Human Development Index criticized on? What is the global perspective of the Human Development Index? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? How many sources of data error did the Economists identify? In what year did the UNDP react to the criticism of the HDI? In what year did the Human Development Report Office respond to the criticism of the HDI? How many economies did the UNDP HDI have in 2009? How many countries did the UNDP HDI cover in 2010? What are some definitions of southern Europe also known as? What is the name of the Iberian peninsula? What are the Balkan countries that are geographically in the southern part of Europe? What are some definitions of southern Europe? What can be used to define southern Europe? Along with geography, climate, and flora, what other features can Southern Europe be defined by? What type of climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey? What is the most emblematic climate of Southern Europe? What type of vegetation is present in the Mediterranean climate? Where are the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy located? Where does the north coast of Spain experience a wetter Atlantic climate? What type of climate does the north coast of Spain experience? Who recognized the phytochoria of the Mediterranean Region? Who recognized the Mediterranean Region? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? What was the name of the city-states of Ancient Greece? Who was the Emperor of Ancient Greece? Where was the Western Roman Empire based? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire based? What people attacked the Germanic peoples of northern Europe? When was the Fall of the Western Roman Empire? When was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire? What did modern historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire as during the Middle Ages? Who moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire? What did Germanic peoples establish in Western Europe? What period was originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule? When was the Sack of Constantinople founded? What would the Crusaders open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers? What movement worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom? What empire did the Crusaders end in 1204? When did the Late Middle Ages represent a period of upheaval in Europe? What epidemic caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted? What empire encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands? In what year did Constantinople fall? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in? What did the Renaissance of knowledge bring about rediscovery of? What was the name of the series of oceanic explorations that led to the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia? When did the Age of Discovery end? Who was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees? Who invented the telescope and the thermometer? Who invented the radio? What led to the rise of colonial empires? What was the name of the exchange that allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? What was the name of the new economy that allowed a new economy based on? What revolution allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? When did the period between 1815 and 1871 see a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars? What empire unified into a nation state in 1870? In what year did Italy capture Rome? What is the name of the scramble for empires? In what year did the Great Powers defeat the Central Powers? When did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? When did the Paris Peace Conference take place? Who came to power in 1933? Who came to power in 1933? What country sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? Who sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War? What was the name of the military alliance in the Soviet sphere of influence? What was the name of the nation states that handled taxation, health and education? What did the EU charge of? When did the Soviet Union end communism in the satellite countries? When did the Soviet Union dissolve? What year did the European Union expand to include many of the formerly communist European countries? What are the most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe? What are the most common romance languages in Southern Europe? Where is Catalan spoken? What is the most common romance language in southern Europe? How many people speak Spanish? What type of languages are widely spoken in Greece and in Cyprus? What part of Cyprus are Hellenic languages widely spoken in? What language is spoken in Slovenia? What language is spoken in Bulgaria? What language is Slovene spoken in? What language is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? Where is Gibraltar located? What is Malta's second language? What language is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece? What is the official language of Malta? Where is the Basque Country located? What is the predominant religion in southern Europe? When was Christianity adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire? What are Christians in the western half of Southern Europe generally? What are Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe generally? What does the United Nations Organization group countries under a classification of? What is the purpose of the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings? What is Southern Europe grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations? What is the TDM model? Who divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics? What is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What charter does the British Broadcasting Corporation operate in? In what year did the British Broadcasting Corporation produce television programmes from its own? When is the start of BBC Television's regular service of television broadcasts dated? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What percentage of all UK viewings are broadcast without commercial advertising? What does the BBC rank as one of the world's largest television production companies? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? Where did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird Television make Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird broadcasts continue via the BBC? On what date was a simultaneous transmission of sound and picture achieved? Where was Broadcasting House located? Who carried the 30-line images to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park? What did advances in all-electronic television systems make obsolete? Where did the BBC move to? When did the BBC move to larger quarters? What was the name of the converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London? What is the name of the band that broadcasts on the VHF? What is the name of the 405-line Marconi-EMI system? What is the name of the 240-line Baird intermediate film system? What is the name of the first high-definition television service in the world? How long did the Baird system last? What type of camera did the Baird system use for filmed programming? When did the Baird system end? How far away was the Alexandra Palace transmitter? In what year was the Alexandra Palace transmitter picked up? In what year was the Alexandra Palace transmitter picked up? What did engineers at RCA experiment with in 1938? Where was a regular schedule of broadcasts transmitted in 1930? When was BBC One switched to? What was the first broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? Who was the coronation of in 1937? When was the BBC Television Service suspended? What did the government think would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in London? What was the name of the television service that would be needed for the war effort? What was the last Mickey Mouse cartoon transmitted? When was broadcasting suspended? How many television sets were manufactured from 1936 to September 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? When did BBC Television return? What studio did the majority of production move into in the 1950s? What cartoon was repeated twenty minutes later? When was the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station opened? When was the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station opened? What type of image was broadcast on VHF? What was the name of the image that was transmitted in Birmingham by the mid-1950s? What was the BBC Television Service renamed in 1960? What was the name of the BBC Television Service's television network? When was Doctor Who introduced? What was the name of the television channel that resumed transmissions from Alexandra Palace in 1946? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What caused the fire at Battersea Power Station? What caused the fire at Battersea Power Station? Who hosted the launch of BBC2? What was the name of the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour? On what date did ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts? BBC Two does not have what type of programming? Who commissions the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series? Who commissions the first heavyweight documentary series? How many episodes of the Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening at 17:00? When did the BBC stop airing Tom and Jerry cartoons? How many episodes of Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening at 17:00? How many episodes of the Tom and Jerry cartoons were shown every evening? What is the name of the BBC Natural History Unit? When did the BBC Natural History Unit exist? What are some of Attenborough's programmes? How many regions does England's BBC One output split up into? What are the other nations of the United Kingdom? Who introduces programmes in the United Kingdom? What are some of the programmes of local importance in England's BBC One? What is the name of the soap opera produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What is the name of the soap opera produced by BBC Northern Ireland? BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for what type of viewers? BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers? What is the name of the BBC Northern Ireland talk show? How much of its output does the BBC have from independent British production companies? What is the name of the show that has been imported from the United States? What is the name of the show that has been imported from the United States? What is the name of the first teletext service introduced by the BBC? What year did the BBC introduce Ceefax? What is the name of the new teletext service that has not made a full transition to digital television? In what year did the BBC announce its intention to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? What was the name of the satellite that the BBC intended to transmit to its domestic television channels? When did the BBC announce its intention to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? How much did the BBC save over the next five years? How did viewers receive broadcasts on the Astra 2D satellite? What are some programme providers who have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out? What platform was not disrupted by the unencrypted signal? What were some broadcasts made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What DVD was released on the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? How long did the BBC produce the Newsreel? In what year did Little Angels win a BAFTA award? Who was the head of the BBC Television department? What was the name of the group that was absorbed into the BBC? What was the name of the onset of new media outlets and technology? In what year did the BBC begin experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK? When were all standard BBC television channels made available to watch online? How many times is Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? What is the BBC's licence fee? What are the BBC's international television channels funded by? In what year did the name BBC Vision revert to Television? Who is the head of the BBC Vision? What is the name of the division within the BBC? In what year did BBC Japan cease operations? In what year did BBC Japan cease operations? What was the name of the general entertainment channel that operated between December 2004 and April 2006? When was Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born? Who is Arnold Schwarzenegger? How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as the 38th Governor of California? At what age did Schwarzenegger begin weight training? How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Universe contest? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's sword-and-sorcery epic? How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Universe title? What was Schwarzenegger nicknamed in his bodybuilding days? In what year was Schwarzenegger sworn in? Who was Schwarzenegger? Who did Schwarzenegger replace in 2003? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in for his second term? What was Schwarzenegger's name? Who was Schwarzenegger's parents? Who was Schwarzenegger's parents? What was Gustav Schwarzenegger's job? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's elder son? What was one of the highlights of Schwarzenegger's youth? What sport did Schwarzenegger take his team to? When did Schwarzenegger start weightlifting? What did Schwarzenegger's father want him to be? Who did Schwarzenegger see on the big screen? When did Meinhard die? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's son? What caused Gustav to die? Who was Schwarzenegger's first serious girlfriend? What did Schwarzenegger say he suffered in 2004? What title was Schwarzenegger's ticket to America? What contest did Schwarzenegger win? When did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip? Where did Schwarzenegger attend the NABBA Mr. Universe competition? Who did Schwarzenegger meet in 1966? What did Schwarzenegger focus on? How many hours daily did Schwarzenegger train in Munich? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's health club? When did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the US? When did Schwarzenegger move to the US? Where did Schwarzenegger win his first Mr. Olympia title? Who was one of Schwarzenegger's weight training partners? In what year did LA Weekly say that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America? What was Arnold's book published in 1977? Where did Schwarzenegger take English classes? What did Schwarzenegger say he was struggling with for the first time in his life? What did Schwarzenegger say he was struggling with for the first time in his life? What event commemorates Schwarzenegger's legacy? What magazine did Schwarzenegger write for many years? How much did Muscle & Fitness and Flex donate a year to the Governor's physical fitness initiatives? Who was the executive editor of Muscle & Fitness and Flex? Who won the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965? How many Mr. Universe wins did Lee Haney win in 1991? How long did Schwarzenegger work out? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? When was Schwarzenegger's first attempt? Who did Schwarzenegger lose to in 1969? What year did Schwarzenegger win the competition? What was Schwarzenegger's age? Who did Schwarzenegger beat in 1975? In what year was Schwarzenegger in top form? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1975? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding documentary? How long did Schwarzenegger wait to prepare for the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest? Who appeared in Stay Hungry? What was Schwarzenegger's role in? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have for the Mr. Olympia contest? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger have for the Mr. Olympia contest? In what year did Schwarzenegger write that steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet? Who did Schwarzenegger sued in 1999? What did Schwarzenegger collect in 1999? What tabloid made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health? What role did Schwarzenegger play in the 1970's? What was Schwarzenegger's name? Who directed The Long Goodbye? What award did Schwarzenegger receive for his film Stay Hungry? What was Schwarzenegger told by agents that his body was too long? When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography? When did Schwarzenegger appear in The Villain? What was Schwarzenegger's title role? In what 1979 comedy did Schwarzenegger appear with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's film? In what year was Conan the Destroyer released? Who starred in The Terminator? Who did Schwarzenegger and Stallone become international stars? When was The Running Man released? What was the name of the comedy with Danny DeVito? How much did Total Recall net Schwarzenegger? What was the name of the telemovie that Schwarzenegger directed in 1992? What was Schwarzenegger's first episode of Twins? What was the highest-grossing film of 1991? Who named Schwarzenegger the "International Star of the Decade"? What was Schwarzenegger's next film? What was the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman? How much did Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines earn in 2003? How tall is the Terminator statue? What was the name of the local cultural association that proposed plans to build a Terminator statue in a park in Graz? What film did Schwarzenegger appear in in 2005? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's character? Who did Schwarzenegger co-develop with? What was the name of the world war II action drama Schwarzenegger wrote? Who wrote With Wings as Eagles? On what date did Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announce that all movie projects were being halted? What was Schwarzenegger's first leading role? What was Schwarzenegger's first role in 10 years? What movie did Schwarzenegger appear in in 2015? In what year did Schwarzenegger appear in Terminator Genisys? When did Schwarzenegger give a speech? What video did Schwarzenegger appear in in 1985? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? What did George H. W. Bush call Schwarzenegger? In what year did Schwarzenegger interview Talk magazine? Who claimed that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California? When did Schwarzenegger announce his candidacy? What was Schwarzenegger's name? What percentage of the Yes vote did Gray Davis get in favor of a recall? Who did Schwarzenegger defeat? How many votes did Schwarzenegger win in 2003? What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger win in 2003? Who was the second foreign-born governor of California? Who said he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What was Schwarzenegger's sketch from Saturday Night Live? How many ballot measures did Schwarzenegger sponsored in 2005? How many ballot measures did Schwarzenegger sponsored in 2005? Who was Schwarzenegger's Chief of Staff? Who was the California State Treasurer? What was Schwarzenegger's speech at the Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast? In what year was Schwarzenegger rumored to run for the United States Senate? Who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger? Who became Schwarzenegger's heroes? What movie portrayed Schwarzenegger as the president? When did Schwarzenegger become naturalized? What is Schwarzenegger's citizenship? Who did Schwarzenegger endorse in 2008? Who did Schwarzenegger endorse in the 2008 U.S. presidential election? What did Schwarzenegger and McCain talk about? Who named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the US? What was Gray Davis's approval rating in December 2003? What percentage of approval rating did Davis leave office? What was Schwarzenegger's name? How many of Schwarzenegger's women came forward with their personal stories? Where did news reports appear in the last five days before Schwarzenegger's election? What did a fifth woman claim Schwarzenegger tried to take off? What magazine interviewed Schwarzenegger in 2007? What substance did Schwarzenegger use for sexual orgies? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? What did Richardson claim they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event? Who did Anna Richardson claim they libeled her in a Los Angeles Times article? What year was the death penalty abolished in Austria? Who demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? When did Schwarzenegger sign a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? What type of utilities are allowed to release into the atmosphere? What year did Schwarzenegger sign a global warming bill? What is the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative? What has Schwarzenegger installed to heat his home? When did Schwarzenegger's plan take effect? What did Schwarzenegger's executive order allow California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative? Where was the SAE World Congress held? What clause prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office? What newspaper reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president? What University professor observed that Schwarzenegger's lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for office? What did Schwarzenegger write his objectives at the start of the year? By what age was Schwarzenegger a millionaire? Who started a bricklaying business in 1968? When did the San Fernando earthquake occur? What was Schwarzenegger's first real estate investment venture? What chain of international theme restaurants did Schwarzenegger have? When did Schwarzenegger severe his financial ties with the Planet Hollywood chain? What was the Planet Hollywood chain modeled after? What is the name of the investment firm Schwarzenegger owns? Where did Schwarzenegger invest in a shopping mall? What movie production company does Schwarzenegger own? What company does Schwarzenegger own? What was the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened in 1992? What was the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened in 1992? What does Schatzi mean? In what year did Schwarzenegger sell his restaurant? When did Schwarzenegger split from his wife? How much did Schwarzenegger spend in 1997? What year did Schwarzenegger publish his memoir? What did Schwarzenegger say he had little understanding of when she first met him? What was Schwarzenegger's first date? Who was Schwarzenegger's next paramour? What tennis tournament did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did Schwarzenegger have a relationship with Maria Shriver? Who did Schwarzenegger marry on April 26, 1986? Where did Schwarzenegger marry Maria Shriver? How many children does Schwarzenegger have? Who is Schwarzenegger dating? How long did Shriver and Schwarzenegger's marriage last? What newspaper revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than fourteen years earlier? How many years was Baena employed by the family? Who was Baena's son with Schwarzenegger? In what year did Schwarzenegger buy a new four-bedroom house? Who has consulted Schwarzenegger? Who has consulted Schwarzenegger? What did Schwarzenegger's initial petition not include? What actress did Brigitte Nielsen say she had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver? What was Schwarzenegger's bicuspid valve? In what year did Schwarzenegger opt for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue? Who was Schwarzenegger's son? What was Schwarzenegger's right femur? Where was Schwarzenegger skiing? Where did Schwarzenegger's private jet make an emergency landing? What was Schwarzenegger's official height? Who was Schwarzenegger's Assemblyman? What did Bob Mulholland claim Schwarzenegger was? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? How many chapters does Schwarzenegger devote to his extramarital affair? When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released? In what year did Schwarzenegger purchase the first two Hummers? How many Hummers did Schwarzenegger buy in 1992? What color was Schwarzenegger's Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse painted with? How large are the Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992? How much did Schwarzenegger say he would convert his Hummers to burn hydrogen? What did Schwarzenegger sign an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants? What did Schwarzenegger gain to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost? What is the name of the ICG that provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth? Where was the Special Olympics held? How many schools does ICG serve? What is the name of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy? When was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded? Who is the chairman of the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy? How many miles south-west of Exeter is Plymouth? How many miles west-south-west of London is Plymouth? Where do the rivers Plym and Tamar come from? Where is Plymouth located? Where do the rivers Plym and Tamar join to form the boundary with Cornwall? What was the name of the first settlement in the Bronze Age? What village was surpassed by the first settlement at Mount Batten? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave Plymouth for the New World? When was Plymouth Colony besieged? What was the name of the second English settlement in the United States of America? What town became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town? In what year did the county borough of Plymouth take the name of Plymouth? What was the name of the act that led to its partial destruction during World War II? In what year were Plympton and Plymstockincorporated? What was the name of the county borough of Plymouth? How many people live in Plymouth? What is the most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom? How many MPs represent Plymouth? What is the name of the ferry linking to Brittany and Spain? What is Plymouth's largest naval base in Western Europe? What is an unidentified settlement called? Where are artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age found? What is 'TAMARI OSTIA'? What century did the river silt up? What was the name of the village called at the time? When was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned? Who replaced Sutton in a charter of 1440? What does Plym Mouth mean? When was a French attack? Who burned Plymouth in 1403? In what year was Drake's Fort built? Where was the fleet based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard? In what year was an Act of Parliament passed for further fortifying Plymouth? Who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade? Who was the Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593? In what year did Drake engage the Spanish Armada? In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? How long was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? How many years was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? Where were the Plymothians defeated? When was the monarchy restored by King Charles II? Where did King Charles II imprison many of the Parliamentary heroes? In what century did Plymouth play a small part in the Atlantic slave trade? What century did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? What was the name of the first dockyard in Stoke Damerel? Where was the first dockyard opened? How many men were employed in Devonport in 1712? What was the population of Devonport in 1733? What was the name of the first dockyard in Stoke Damerel? What were Plymouth's main imports before the latter half of the 18th century? What was Plymouth Dock renamed to in 1824? How many Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during the late 18th and early 19th century? Who designed the Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport? What was the name of the building that was destroyed by Foulston? Who established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? When did William Cookworthy establish his Plymouth Porcelain venture? Who established his short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? Who was involved in the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse? How long was the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? Who designed the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? When was the Breakwater completed? When did work begin in Devonport? What was the purpose of the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? What was one of the greatest imports to Plymouth in the 19th century? Where was the dockyard located? Where did the Royal Navy move to during the First World War? What was an important base for escort vessels? What was the name of the boat that operated from Devonport? Who operated Sunderland flying boats? What was the headquarters of the Western Approaches Command in the First World War? How many raids did the Luftwaffe have in Devonport? How many civilians lost their lives? How many houses were destroyed in the Plymouth Blitz? Who planned the redevelopment of Plymouth? How many homes were completed every year between 1951 and 1957? How many new homes were built by 1964? In what year was the Civic Centre constructed? What was the name of the civic slab-and-tower set piece that was allowed to fall into disrepair by Plymouth City Council? What was the name of the aircraft carriers in Devonport Dockyard? When did the army leave Devonport? What is the name of the Commando of the Royal Marines? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the name of the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the name of the settlement at Plymouth? In what year did Sudtone become a town? In what year did Sudtone become the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament? Who was the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? Who was the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? When was Plymouth granted city status? What was Lady Astor a campaigner for? What was the name of the parish in Plymouth? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? Who was the Secretary of State for Education in 1974? What was Foot responsible for in 1974? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? Who was elected Labour MP in 1945? How many people were in Plymouth in 1971? In what year did the Local Government White Paper propose abolishing county boroughs? What was the name of the county that Plymouth lobbyed for? When did Plymouth cease to be a county borough? What Commission recommended that Plymouth become a unitary authority on 1 April 1998? What are the three constituencies of Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton, Devonport, and South West Devon? Who was the Conservative MP in the 2015 general election? What was the name of the three constituencies in the 2015 general election? What is the name of the three constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom? How many councillors are in the City of Plymouth? How many councillors are there in the City of Plymouth? How many years is the City of Plymouth up for election? What is the name of the city of Plymouth formally twinned with? In what year was Plymouth, United States twinned with the City of Plymouth? Who granted the dignity of Lord Mayor in 1935? How many councillors are in Plymouth? Which party alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually? Who is the incumbent for 2015-16? What is the name of the Lord Mayor's official residence? Who gave the Lord Mayor's official residence to the City of Plymouth? Where is the Civic Centre municipal office building located? When did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building? How much did the council estimate it could cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? What river flows into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound? What river flows into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound? What is the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall? What is the natural harbour of Plymouth? When did the unitary authority of Plymouth include the towns of Plympton and Plymstock? What is the name of the smaller estuary to the east of Plymouth? In what year was the Plymouth Breakwater used? Which island is seen from Plymouth Hoe? What is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? How tall is the topography at Roborough? What is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs a Site of? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound formed of? What type of limestone does Plymouth have? What is the bulk of the city built on? Why is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs a Site of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone that runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? Where is the granite mass in Plymouth? What rock brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor? What is the name of the limestone belt that was quarried at West Hoe? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone? What year was the Plan for Plymouth published? Who published the Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city? What is the name of the north-south avenue linking the railway station and the vista of Plymouth Hoe? Who developed the Vision for Plymouth? How many parks are there in Plymouth? What is Plymouth's temperate oceanic climate? What is the annual mean temperature in Plymouth? What is the coldest month in Plymouth? How much snow did the European winter storms cover Plymouth in early January? What are the warmest months in Plymouth? What type of depressions are the most vigorous in autumn and winter? What type of depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter? What is the average annual rainfall in the south-west? What year has the highest mean wind speeds? What is the source of most of the rain that falls in the south-west? How many hours of sunshine does the Azores High pressure area have? What area extends north-eastwards towards the UK? What was the temperature in June 1976? When did the temperature of the warmest day of the year reach 31.6 °C? How many days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C? When did the temperature fall to 8.8 °C? In what year did the temperature fall to 8.8 °C? How many students did the University of Plymouth enroll in 2014/15? What is the largest university in the UK in 2014/15? How many staff does the University of Plymouth employ? What is the annual income of the University of Plymouth? What year was the University of Plymouth founded? What is the name of the University of St Mark & St John? What does the University of St Mark & St John specialise in? How many independent colleges does Plymouth College of Art offer? How many students attend the City College Plymouth? How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art started? How many independent colleges of art and design are there in the UK? How many colleges are there in Plymouth? How many state primary phase schools does Plymouth have? How many state secondary schools are there in Plymouth? How many selective state grammar schools does Plymouth have? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What was the name of the college that opened in 1880? When did the Royal Naval Engineering College close? What was the name of the new college at Manadon? In what year did the Royal Naval Engineering College close? Where was training transferred to? What association conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences? Who is the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences? What is the name of the Marine Institute in Plymouth? What is the name of the marine-related organisations that form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership? What is the name of the marine aquarium in Plymouth? What was Plymouth's unitary authority area population? What was the population of Plymouth? How many people were there in the 2011 Census? What was Plymouth's average household size? What was the largest minority ethnic group in Plymouth? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was Plymouth's GVA per person? What was Plymouth's national average? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What percentage of Plymouth's population was poorest nationally? How long was Plymouth's life expectancy? What is the life expectancy for men in Plymouth? What was Plymouth's life expectancy? How many people are employed in the defence sector? How many people are employed in the defence sector? In what year was the Plymouth Gin Distillery produced? What is the name of the distillery that produces Plymouth Gin? When was the most widely distributed gin? How much of Plymouth's income does the Devonport Dockyard generate? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? How many firms are in Plymouth? How many people are employed in the Tamar Science Park? Who has chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? When was the Pannier Market completed? When was the Pannier Market completed? Where is Plymouth ranked in the South West in terms of retail floorspace? What building is located at the foot of the Hoe? How much was the Tinside Pool restored to its 1930s look? Who launched the "Vision for Plymouth"? Who launched the Vision for Plymouth? What is the name of the Chamber of Commerce? How many dwellings does Plymouth Council build? How many dwellings does Plymouth Council build? When did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? When did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? Where was TR2 built? When was the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture awarded? Who said it was already ten years out of date? What is the current location of the Plymouth City Council's headquarters? What is the name of the entertainment arena that is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space alongside the ferry port? What is the purpose of the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena? What is the name of the A38 dual-carriageway? How far away from Exeter is the M5 motorway? What is the name of the bridge that connects Cornwall and Devon? What is the name of George Junction? What is the name of the company that provides regular bus services? What ferry service does Brittany Ferries provide? What is the name of the ferry service that takes cars and foot passengers directly to France? What is the name of the ferries that are operated by Brittany Ferries? Which hamlet of Cremyll is believed to have operated continuously since 1204? How long is the ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll believed to have operated continuously? What was the name of the city's airport? How many miles north of the city centre was Plymouth City Airport? What year did FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the city airport? What airline plans to reopen the city airport by 2018? When did Plymouth railway station open? Who manages the Plymouth railway station? What is the name of the main line in Plymouth? How many MPs have lobbied that the train services are vital to Plymouth's economy? What network does the Great Western Railway see trains on? When was the line reopened? How many metres of the sea wall was the line at Dawlish breached? When did Network Rail reopen the line? When was the line reopened? How many churches does Plymouth have? In what year was the Roman Catholic cathedral founded? What is the largest parish church in Devon? What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth? How many Baptist churches are there in Plymouth? What was the first reference to Jews in the South West from 1577 to 1580? When was the Plymouth Synagogue built? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in English speaking world? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What percentage of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as at least nominally Christian? How much of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return? What is the percentage of people without a religion? What is the national average of people without a religion? What percentage of people without a religion did not state their religious belief? When was Union Street built? What was Charlie Chaplin's name? How many pubs were there in Union Street? What was the name of the servicemen's playground? What is the name of the annual British Firework Championship? In what year was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks surpassed? Who is the University of Plymouth? What university is Roy Lowry from? In what year was the Music of the Night performed in the Royal Citadel? How many theatres are there in Plymouth? How many capacity does the Drum Theatre have? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? In what year did the Plymouth Athenaeum house a theatre? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? When did ITV Westcountry close? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? Who plays in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two? What is the fourth tier of English football league known as? What is Plymouth's home ground called? What is Plymouth's nickname? What is the name of the football club that plays at Haye Road? What are the Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club currently competing in? What are the Plymouth Raiders currently competing in? What type of rugby is the Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club currently competing in? Where are the Plymouth Raiders currently competing in? When were the Plymouth Raiders founded? When was the Port of Plymouth Regatta held? When did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? How many days did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? In what year did South West Water supply water to Plymouth? Who supplied water to Plymouth in 1973? When was a watercourse opened to tap the River Meavy? What was the name of the watercourse that was opened on April 24, 1591? When was the Devonport Leat officially completed? Who is responsible for waste management throughout Plymouth? Which city is responsible for sewerage? What is the name of the distribution of Plymouth's electricity? When did the Langage Power Station start to produce electricity for Plymouth? Where is the Langage Power Station located? When was the Plymouth Borough Police formed? What is the divisional HQ? How many fire stations does Plymouth have? Where is the Severn class lifeboat stationed? What were the Plymouth Borough Police part of? What is the name of the city's NHS hospital? How many miles north of the city centre is Derriford Hospital? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? Where is the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust located? Where is the headquarters of South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust? In what year was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? Where is Weston Mill located? What cemetery does not allow headstones to mark graves? What is a brass plaque set into the ground at Drake Memorial Park? When was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? When was the Royal Citadel built? When was the Royal Citadel built? When was Smeaton's Tower built? How many miles off shore is Smeaton's Tower? What commemorates the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What is the early port settlement of Plymouth called? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? How many marine species does the National Marine Aquarium display? How many buildings does Plymouth have? What is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly"? Where is Crownhill Fort located? Who owns Crownhill Fort? Where is Devonport located? How many waymarkers did the Devonport Heritage Trail have? Where are the beaches of Cornwall? What is a popular destination for visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall? Where is Dartmoor located? Who designed the Roland Levinsky building? When was the Roland Levinsky building opened? What is the Roland Levinsky building? In what year was the Roland Levinsky building opened? Where is the Roland Levinsky building located? What are people from Plymouth known as? What are people from Plymouth known as? What is the name of the Devon form of John? What is Cousin Jan? Who was the mayor of Plymouth? Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world? When did Sir Francis Drake die? When did Sir Francis Drake die? Who was the founder of the Royal Academy? Who wrote a painting about vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide? Where was David McKee trained? Where was John Surman born? Who was the avant garde prepared guitarist? What is the name of the family of Michael Foot? Who is a footballer? Which Canadian politician hails from Plymouth? Who was the American Vice President in the film The Right Stuff? What is the name of the fictional president that was born in Plymouth? Who is a comedian?